{"docstore/metadata": {"53d99eff-9480-44b6-b3da-60534ef6ce18": {"doc_hash": "c633c325b0dd2889727db07b48bc7ced4d6dde5babce7201dfce582fbfe34977"}, "e8e7ee28-783f-4a68-b39d-cfbe0cad2de8": {"doc_hash": "e89d756c0d4b6ce86e03c84aa80526dd0188e902f8bdb80675f176a5c0ed6ffd"}, "5185e54d-7ffa-4e04-afe7-8409245378be": {"doc_hash": "f48226b3e5b4b4888be29089c910e96a82f709f08bec3f44ee02f21f12d3d1ef"}, "c4ca4a43-3a7b-43d0-a6c8-22884bddd92e": {"doc_hash": "2cc9c5425ba292335ccb129bd4c99416c6b31bdb26f48e0da71a790be7695420"}, "4d6a81d6-4f4e-4fd7-b5ae-311c3750e702": {"doc_hash": "63c7131f5fbc12b000ee89895bcd991c07fda5119d2bc408a7a22f83979caa98"}, "b1013417-c08b-4341-8872-fd8998b239e9": {"doc_hash": "d26bcfc6b08be8f4dafa2b2cca7360d4f17f1ea000ca6d64435b7b1b14a492b5"}, "f4967ceb-b832-48f7-afcd-168107aee7b1": {"doc_hash": "666a86fd62b8eeb3abd3bb5d86f6b36e92f86b85a36eba4d5b2c2b25a9558349"}, "3ac040e6-7401-4279-80ad-8cdcefe57c27": {"doc_hash": "60d8003c0cad4f905fb21fa28d12c6c119ffce547e5124ed09308d2bdc1cfa93"}, "892a2ce5-1dad-4756-97e4-eef3dbba7eb0": {"doc_hash": "dab126067d415b3364d2f04bc1db46b495778541611768955818fc9942bbef4a"}, "d7cc1752-cecd-4dd5-bfcc-1cea22bd95cd": {"doc_hash": "fd8246e994b2147174dc6da12c3f9d4ad8aa8872ae6f911d5118e28d48246295"}, "aff0e391-ace2-4cbb-ac7a-1de1f9d9c451": {"doc_hash": "1c5b23365b19eec61971641efea439dbe80ba82ffe253e1b5a40d0ed788715c3"}, "6727c27d-1572-41b3-bc44-38259be3a774": {"doc_hash": "ca3fcd947e9b60462843999f58b592120fd6d212274e5092155f5db0a4cafc47"}, "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d": {"doc_hash": "585fa74dbf185bef845931319212c26dc91ea2749c14dc2052892e6bd3ba2a23"}, "09912e01-425d-47c8-a3eb-751034e18d0c": {"doc_hash": "ef069081a084b9fdba3178724353aaaadbd6bb761611dd6ad018da95028a645e"}, "574cc19a-ba7a-4a87-b164-960470c006a2": {"doc_hash": "d799d63ee4cc53c4dfd56c324887cdea18e00eefb327800606971892def403e0"}, "2f6c3bb9-5b44-4989-90e9-a8b3179abb9b": {"doc_hash": "452ae104412f8b431a2709cf4d992c66df241130c3755fc35b70ca87315e74ba"}, "29807e15-16c2-4a88-8ae5-185dd9b313b3": {"doc_hash": "c2ca774258205cf87934275b009ce066f4d32393aece7a3bad464b0d308b6009"}, "f3db79cc-b28c-489b-a142-e4b775c11c5b": {"doc_hash": "581ace98612c3c16460bf2078b4b5cfbf68022a75d217810b7e9484fb42e093d"}, "b1875299-0eac-426d-bfe7-2f1bdd7811be": {"doc_hash": "0da8e206713566e420536cd8e67d1233305b6aad7347d0a47d8688473f419d64"}, "5e350943-ee49-4df7-9e27-217636626bec": {"doc_hash": "6381f28a878b12d0b01d5b669f30e8fdbaffb63e61176e1f9b9a92cf75105704"}, "d491fbe5-bfc6-43bc-ae1f-c403b708337e": {"doc_hash": "8e2cee9c0fae4dbeeb16bf8795f2979a8b008e6a3f4bbecc7f7921ac06d71abd"}, "a6285654-5b02-4c30-9512-98a021a7af95": {"doc_hash": "1d228f7577fa01044a5e7a05d3c3c532e8ccc3a775c380163070f79ca97a3cf9"}, "e0f6fbe3-f5dc-4163-a4ab-8320071c49db": {"doc_hash": "d2c70e2755ad00274bdc9574fe0f61033cc00b637f12cce871c0fad4d3acc80a"}, "2b0bc3a2-0f1a-4ffb-b917-4a77caa55357": {"doc_hash": "7b13f34e4ae0c7180aba96b4e2ee608cdc92e8b3564ce7b782108a172f6ebd43"}, "0ca327e6-c1ed-4bed-b9a4-3af6a8b697e4": {"doc_hash": "ba2b3ea96b286d28f05f907a8e124b3ea3ff288dc3e2faaa7582ac28faff5711"}, "5be3cf7e-d5a7-4e66-8218-835015493b14": {"doc_hash": "97058b0c8d166243cc5fdece0b68a63b08ab43dcdaf0c647a4fc2859e3c9e779"}, "7d18a5d9-f778-4dc7-b8a9-732c34558f21": {"doc_hash": "56eb943fbf1ccc4dc176f7188ae8b39ca1e11ba475a2423190718116eda4713d"}, "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f": {"doc_hash": "40c2bc74012c28aa217214a704c97906a758bb2481b72f00da656663af80b47f"}, "8a4e7d42-38a8-4768-9fef-8e8f663ffe28": {"doc_hash": "2a7975ca950e5d6bc9352ac773cd5017bf60034f5f28c64b1e9d656242f569fd"}, "809e521c-f244-48da-a773-a6403280dff4": {"doc_hash": "fd66523234af7df4f4968f3c5c3e032ef81e391cdf208113e9038442eda17671"}, "ee236a94-b745-4e5e-822a-3aea84859e2d": {"doc_hash": "b0e0cef3611112c4d2ea8aeb740019bf78c2941bd20847a12181c09e0b01a698"}, "0179a61b-8917-4e8b-a7c9-3921eae2616a": {"doc_hash": "1d473e5b4d87b8c483914216a3fba414428f4aae4451de1826109af456ec1243"}, "4417dfb7-cf42-46a0-aaf4-47e21865c19b": {"doc_hash": "706c450109a147663799bd2723e027b01ce92be1aab8ae011a6657e0d1c148a2"}, "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b": {"doc_hash": "4a9991eb8d45cd741990aebb6830d764f91e40c512de977e4b156e32ad2981c4"}, "a3c26284-67c9-40a2-aca1-195c66f5ed3b": {"doc_hash": "4e967480f2173660b7f2a5b65997eddcb28dd3f50194ab3dd9c703b4ce6b02a8", "ref_doc_id": "53d99eff-9480-44b6-b3da-60534ef6ce18"}, "4b6e6913-3a74-46e5-93c0-fc960b1c029e": {"doc_hash": "21f03264055d5531d0c8104b9794d665a082980753768cd8263bd75f9fc25dc8", "ref_doc_id": "e8e7ee28-783f-4a68-b39d-cfbe0cad2de8"}, "8438e420-d1ae-486d-aa3e-1b5845afe94b": {"doc_hash": "8233e55cea7b4514796f46c2b8de007251af3b9d5545ea5624424c0e99e05eed", "ref_doc_id": "e8e7ee28-783f-4a68-b39d-cfbe0cad2de8"}, "203991ea-aba5-4fba-b64c-3ce587ad56fe": {"doc_hash": "f48226b3e5b4b4888be29089c910e96a82f709f08bec3f44ee02f21f12d3d1ef", "ref_doc_id": "5185e54d-7ffa-4e04-afe7-8409245378be"}, "656a90d5-7ee7-4208-a427-e93827afc069": {"doc_hash": "2cc9c5425ba292335ccb129bd4c99416c6b31bdb26f48e0da71a790be7695420", "ref_doc_id": "c4ca4a43-3a7b-43d0-a6c8-22884bddd92e"}, "8906902c-cbc4-454c-b099-9d7d6c35377e": {"doc_hash": "63c7131f5fbc12b000ee89895bcd991c07fda5119d2bc408a7a22f83979caa98", "ref_doc_id": "4d6a81d6-4f4e-4fd7-b5ae-311c3750e702"}, "4b10db88-e5a4-490a-9b71-86bc3af4ece0": {"doc_hash": "d26bcfc6b08be8f4dafa2b2cca7360d4f17f1ea000ca6d64435b7b1b14a492b5", "ref_doc_id": "b1013417-c08b-4341-8872-fd8998b239e9"}, "efc003b2-8c76-4b94-aeb5-e14df213138c": {"doc_hash": "be87a2f27b06d9d208b686aa75927a5c5066209264a3bd1d1b81452bdeb325cd", "ref_doc_id": "f4967ceb-b832-48f7-afcd-168107aee7b1"}, "b77919e0-eec5-482e-b687-bbce4ae98a3a": {"doc_hash": "7870e649c9c15da56aecbadb96c90c90992733d15bb824bc1e05808ed3164b35", "ref_doc_id": "f4967ceb-b832-48f7-afcd-168107aee7b1"}, "2b04b3b9-bbd3-4ac6-93a6-547d91e7303c": {"doc_hash": "60d8003c0cad4f905fb21fa28d12c6c119ffce547e5124ed09308d2bdc1cfa93", "ref_doc_id": "3ac040e6-7401-4279-80ad-8cdcefe57c27"}, "f0603697-7239-485d-a787-4484abe3a8ef": {"doc_hash": "264645a3e646c8a14f53995b82865ab5032ee632207c6a324e0075f0d878e751", "ref_doc_id": "892a2ce5-1dad-4756-97e4-eef3dbba7eb0"}, "4566c459-0c09-4c13-bb8f-4e6b45faa2fe": {"doc_hash": "0344c28ce4658f687f3642c73304abe6a0d2a0e25d78efbc141156e3119ca949", "ref_doc_id": "892a2ce5-1dad-4756-97e4-eef3dbba7eb0"}, "421bdc8b-6dba-4115-91ef-52d3ce3004a3": {"doc_hash": "fd8246e994b2147174dc6da12c3f9d4ad8aa8872ae6f911d5118e28d48246295", "ref_doc_id": "d7cc1752-cecd-4dd5-bfcc-1cea22bd95cd"}, "c21ed19c-da94-474d-a81d-5c3dca1003aa": {"doc_hash": "1c5b23365b19eec61971641efea439dbe80ba82ffe253e1b5a40d0ed788715c3", "ref_doc_id": "aff0e391-ace2-4cbb-ac7a-1de1f9d9c451"}, "2af0f75f-e5f3-4fae-9f29-41bae9949bff": {"doc_hash": "ca3fcd947e9b60462843999f58b592120fd6d212274e5092155f5db0a4cafc47", "ref_doc_id": "6727c27d-1572-41b3-bc44-38259be3a774"}, "3c28d204-6963-4733-9647-dc97a05689ed": {"doc_hash": "e1c0a6885de38078691c5d912ae74bbd8370629af3442a26d4879609eba62346", "ref_doc_id": "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d"}, "f9810544-3c78-423b-89ca-2cfc88beeace": {"doc_hash": "697e7d4509ca4d9b5b6390bb31258db247ebfd2684b74ee330dd8e79c4891312", "ref_doc_id": "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d"}, "17da159c-3ce3-4910-a1f5-44282bfa8c16": {"doc_hash": "4a15fc930ca629c3945a20efd157595dfe9e8d54a73d038248b78cd6c6e25f27", "ref_doc_id": "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d"}, "9eb20c0d-b7ec-472c-bf72-ce2daef7c864": {"doc_hash": "e40e12292ae8d5869f2d1a31841eb698afea8cc81a5c73ec1a84da002204032f", "ref_doc_id": "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d"}, "e87f76d4-d8c9-43fa-9d77-6b65dd7e29ce": {"doc_hash": "8fd8275200d94517337d9c055a5aa1dee96aa02b7d8aea8052c6487c314e76a6", "ref_doc_id": "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d"}, "a399470b-eb05-44af-99fe-f7e38c3caecd": {"doc_hash": "548ed0ae7bfc7e1916443564694e034d47d8931c8539fa236ce8970540c05309", "ref_doc_id": "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d"}, "a3f0211f-ac45-4eb6-8f16-bb41dcd12eb8": {"doc_hash": "f7e7a16ff2f229717c73216b291639459fb4628dbcb6eef4881ada3881bae4b7", "ref_doc_id": "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d"}, "44cee3ec-3421-4a4e-bf33-cef03b55a6da": {"doc_hash": "96c0a70e60160ff729d10086d279ea371180f85ae9bc0e948992f38e2e79942f", "ref_doc_id": "09912e01-425d-47c8-a3eb-751034e18d0c"}, "947f049c-76c2-4eb8-a548-6bd17ffc49a6": {"doc_hash": "66e520dd9e2989ac3965de5609562f1e67b9c02ad325faf9a82e61fc3b8dea1b", "ref_doc_id": "09912e01-425d-47c8-a3eb-751034e18d0c"}, "29e5a730-7783-4e13-98c8-b9b82ad9bf54": {"doc_hash": "516ebf059d518f8b3a6ca656e5ff4f8f43bfdae280acecc8431d128f53707f5d", "ref_doc_id": "09912e01-425d-47c8-a3eb-751034e18d0c"}, "dd1a7215-2f76-43df-9e7e-6e891fb91964": {"doc_hash": "6d7a0965b14761b0a84a2a00d7fc157310fdab37662f85cfb6b92e219a9d3d7b", "ref_doc_id": "09912e01-425d-47c8-a3eb-751034e18d0c"}, "9c56f5d7-f81e-4c6b-b4a1-20e4bce63cc4": {"doc_hash": "14f89b9b56d882c446d88ca745437718f08b776388a4a7e435ee162d62ce1005", "ref_doc_id": "09912e01-425d-47c8-a3eb-751034e18d0c"}, "5b812df0-f254-444f-aa9f-4009970d677c": {"doc_hash": "e97c5ba1a3ec04e60637b9e7bde7a59b6134fa38f61554834f9b3a43a164c86b", "ref_doc_id": "09912e01-425d-47c8-a3eb-751034e18d0c"}, "6bd7ff33-94a7-46b3-85fc-54c227301aea": {"doc_hash": "857e1433f4325bc8c6ca4339b2c6ff8eaff77d355041d8655185237608bb1c44", "ref_doc_id": "574cc19a-ba7a-4a87-b164-960470c006a2"}, "4ca9ea4b-6f18-42a7-b7b3-73d7caca9cc8": {"doc_hash": "af0984f0927b89a5d3b61a660cf3c7ef268f2b07a7df46d96c70a6647705bba1", "ref_doc_id": "574cc19a-ba7a-4a87-b164-960470c006a2"}, "f1e12447-88d8-42c4-b3c3-b886f644d8bd": {"doc_hash": "452ae104412f8b431a2709cf4d992c66df241130c3755fc35b70ca87315e74ba", "ref_doc_id": "2f6c3bb9-5b44-4989-90e9-a8b3179abb9b"}, "51127064-c4a7-4a8a-8505-f5033d6defe0": {"doc_hash": "ce3e265a36294c0f49683118e224ef5e86856754bc5a955607f8eb622272e7f3", "ref_doc_id": "29807e15-16c2-4a88-8ae5-185dd9b313b3"}, "c0672079-149c-40df-9490-f6c7e679e93c": {"doc_hash": "4c78b8180e55cba86aa89c535a500450bea21961f8d8f0fffdecd4d2a8df7252", "ref_doc_id": "29807e15-16c2-4a88-8ae5-185dd9b313b3"}, "b44a4582-fcfa-4486-aa1d-ef598cbae369": {"doc_hash": "ded0a99d51d25a5217022c507365653de5451fb23f1e0ba5ebfec3d382c9bcd6", "ref_doc_id": "29807e15-16c2-4a88-8ae5-185dd9b313b3"}, "298f25b5-df2f-4950-ae37-6b1fc128c027": {"doc_hash": "d34df6c9efce03e212f9b48bb581c0032c4c613748949f4c07f18f0826487c23", "ref_doc_id": "f3db79cc-b28c-489b-a142-e4b775c11c5b"}, "9677b70e-2e4e-4981-9c3a-82a48365ebe8": {"doc_hash": "c691fe3f9a77fe75bacd5c11b80e186369f4a05be4ce7d2a453b38a55eda7a01", "ref_doc_id": "f3db79cc-b28c-489b-a142-e4b775c11c5b"}, "5efc76b5-9446-427a-b103-14715bc40dcc": {"doc_hash": "c79149eecbd5eb447f8fcb2607957b5ecb8c271ea6ae67f6bede4a17a3fcdfd6", "ref_doc_id": "b1875299-0eac-426d-bfe7-2f1bdd7811be"}, "c853f933-d581-4852-b240-3b765a56dc00": {"doc_hash": "e6ad3cbffa6a3d5ba237a9c22a18fada2a6b9c0209ff3150e817bbd6e1a182c5", "ref_doc_id": "b1875299-0eac-426d-bfe7-2f1bdd7811be"}, "d5d042ec-42fd-4605-b20c-b4ad96cc8d89": {"doc_hash": "0ff1965e246a8029a45c9c482933dc80106cd06a61b4027c73cfd823ec65e4a3", "ref_doc_id": "b1875299-0eac-426d-bfe7-2f1bdd7811be"}, "fd5173ae-7079-4408-851c-e0d8858eea8d": {"doc_hash": "26b06d27d9dad8543affbae952630ddda21f7db1b974cad950cb8ef0a75498d6", "ref_doc_id": "b1875299-0eac-426d-bfe7-2f1bdd7811be"}, "726d7911-8760-45db-b1f0-61969a95b408": {"doc_hash": "20f5273241c736de47bdfd0d78989e9fc460bee84dc4652c0d589c473798a015", "ref_doc_id": "5e350943-ee49-4df7-9e27-217636626bec"}, "3e05e100-dee0-42fa-972f-c7b4c90b7d65": {"doc_hash": "ff49c778e6ed836466e092c4b833b2b666e812312f5c994b7866a55cb26ee56b", "ref_doc_id": "5e350943-ee49-4df7-9e27-217636626bec"}, "a0bb1b82-a7b6-4094-9f19-adf858b863da": {"doc_hash": "47737f1a429326626e0aa812866c7526224e7eda9955afde1e8b31f76cd109ed", "ref_doc_id": "5e350943-ee49-4df7-9e27-217636626bec"}, "f608f2a3-c509-47c7-993f-7af25d9a95be": {"doc_hash": "36863b911abc97d4fa4a27586393b12fadbe1ded3284e7f818b7b5add1dcd73c", "ref_doc_id": "5e350943-ee49-4df7-9e27-217636626bec"}, "1341bd03-98d2-4c65-855c-47eec6c7bf4f": {"doc_hash": "8e2cee9c0fae4dbeeb16bf8795f2979a8b008e6a3f4bbecc7f7921ac06d71abd", "ref_doc_id": "d491fbe5-bfc6-43bc-ae1f-c403b708337e"}, "e3f7bd08-56a2-4bd9-9d14-9444fb4476b6": {"doc_hash": "1d228f7577fa01044a5e7a05d3c3c532e8ccc3a775c380163070f79ca97a3cf9", "ref_doc_id": "a6285654-5b02-4c30-9512-98a021a7af95"}, "68838477-935f-466b-9c87-3e909edcd94d": {"doc_hash": "d2c70e2755ad00274bdc9574fe0f61033cc00b637f12cce871c0fad4d3acc80a", "ref_doc_id": "e0f6fbe3-f5dc-4163-a4ab-8320071c49db"}, "d6e642eb-dcf9-4bbf-a35c-c8d1ab7e0ce4": {"doc_hash": "7b13f34e4ae0c7180aba96b4e2ee608cdc92e8b3564ce7b782108a172f6ebd43", "ref_doc_id": "2b0bc3a2-0f1a-4ffb-b917-4a77caa55357"}, "ece2bdc4-45a5-4dde-a857-79ce459094c4": {"doc_hash": "ba2b3ea96b286d28f05f907a8e124b3ea3ff288dc3e2faaa7582ac28faff5711", "ref_doc_id": "0ca327e6-c1ed-4bed-b9a4-3af6a8b697e4"}, "23011792-6904-433f-befb-362d6d557eb0": {"doc_hash": "97058b0c8d166243cc5fdece0b68a63b08ab43dcdaf0c647a4fc2859e3c9e779", "ref_doc_id": "5be3cf7e-d5a7-4e66-8218-835015493b14"}, "1a66fb1b-a184-463f-8d77-0d5751e50e3a": {"doc_hash": "2091a9a241b1c5f6d8d4c0bd72362e76bd1be281e92e0a609bf3bb8c552bc39a", "ref_doc_id": "7d18a5d9-f778-4dc7-b8a9-732c34558f21"}, "be50a3c4-1832-43ef-a5cc-f73d5aca8080": {"doc_hash": "e75e6746192c271d70da6c8144c62b1b5674c7a916e12fb1f2a759c6dd8e9e16", "ref_doc_id": "7d18a5d9-f778-4dc7-b8a9-732c34558f21"}, "ddc6346e-fcf0-492f-8ca8-55497527dd60": {"doc_hash": "48a7c517a91463adefb9d01d6e2827f147041235a48f23b8638ce4d4170c6d93", "ref_doc_id": "7d18a5d9-f778-4dc7-b8a9-732c34558f21"}, "9bbac132-9124-45a8-b52a-d946db8a5d06": {"doc_hash": "e3f9350a47c53d92fc7633d40cb4e15cf3dac3402480641d34d57d39e523eb4e", "ref_doc_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f"}, "54b0313d-a70d-4b56-bd0b-6a92c81041c5": {"doc_hash": "70a691fb8186106de9dace4f8c43008663714468619b0de4d7689410f0f8c60c", "ref_doc_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f"}, "cd563902-254b-46a0-b0e7-fcb1e56a19c2": {"doc_hash": "ddbb920b3a8a2589908223260725acdfba0fdd1f479c1e80c95a3844d3779ee9", "ref_doc_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f"}, "2a818b39-1082-41a4-9346-9362c611f298": {"doc_hash": "7e534b84be83131c46b3991428c357ba3a11ad9d1aab635ba8bc2e60041dcd1c", "ref_doc_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f"}, "74e8ede2-5286-4dd6-b3ac-1a16f452e5a0": {"doc_hash": "2e07179797f617f41e11969bb9d0e03def57dfa80a932f61920fa763024034f0", "ref_doc_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f"}, "037c672c-a214-4f8f-ac4d-57e0bcb008da": {"doc_hash": "c1fb74d8d592c248d08bdf4ed66060cbb069dc3b065428024e5f156abe118728", "ref_doc_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f"}, "be15fd6d-49b3-48d1-a514-8bf1e2a371ff": {"doc_hash": "cc813b00a39affebcf76fd41a91530521034891273582c3ff306dceea9b99313", "ref_doc_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f"}, "2712582a-92f1-4000-a95a-abd2f5bbd97e": {"doc_hash": "289af0df97d9ddb2f58dc6eca52dc5ae859e0a5fb7b50f8374455080245884f6", "ref_doc_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f"}, "a97efe1b-4f5e-4c2f-b460-e71a2236e8d4": {"doc_hash": "832cbc61cab619b9c56c3c1c8a4eaf110837f597c4b98d07d8f815eb3d64481d", "ref_doc_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f"}, "57881336-f839-4e44-9fdd-95cbe84e367f": {"doc_hash": "51c2ba4b9e26cafb2bd9cdde3a9baa2b94b0a94472249ff711c1efccd0df7c66", "ref_doc_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f"}, "a33461ae-75ff-4532-ab83-b37457d63c18": {"doc_hash": "08a1b79804c7798243b7b7719a8a7b46494eefab528ca2932ff1d6136add808e", "ref_doc_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f"}, "b312cb3a-b226-43d6-9a00-987b4917f87a": {"doc_hash": "3817f3a4e1773f5010318e959d35bc9f47d840c3dd79cf941ff2aeb4123b8d11", "ref_doc_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f"}, "ea95dcf1-784d-4893-b424-6bca00bd8d9f": {"doc_hash": "9e4f6717ffe9dfa53e38bec5683d8b6737fb0ebf708acfe4f678b0f65e2e2935", "ref_doc_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f"}, "6b42afc7-4181-4785-ab43-f4bb09fc9bb9": {"doc_hash": "77bbefcea922c987170bda592c0ec77a89c8ad5196614ebd1a558b93d22c099a", "ref_doc_id": "8a4e7d42-38a8-4768-9fef-8e8f663ffe28"}, "801568cd-3b2b-4108-922b-caea0ed2d363": {"doc_hash": "e82bb7e094b3c96aa264664619ca4af940638e2bd3c0a777e91cbfe70d5a8def", "ref_doc_id": "8a4e7d42-38a8-4768-9fef-8e8f663ffe28"}, "ee453ad7-30b5-464d-ad07-535141acfab7": {"doc_hash": "b7c3da47f9468b1a361126eb70ee2c7db6a013c6398bd55de1009f03ac05df21", "ref_doc_id": "8a4e7d42-38a8-4768-9fef-8e8f663ffe28"}, "efce897c-19f3-48e3-a3ef-297ad13637df": {"doc_hash": "af7d6e62fc58e56a5fe23310717989f120f8c82ea8b6fdb3c2a08597517c4fb6", "ref_doc_id": "809e521c-f244-48da-a773-a6403280dff4"}, "04b694ab-5732-4a0f-8720-2936bf2007b0": {"doc_hash": "7c80240e7acb6addcc84c7167a77a9d51d8b2ab154c9e6a81e6ecac4b2d9a8cf", "ref_doc_id": "809e521c-f244-48da-a773-a6403280dff4"}, "b9d65d34-dba7-403f-b8dc-31251745e9e1": {"doc_hash": "b0e0cef3611112c4d2ea8aeb740019bf78c2941bd20847a12181c09e0b01a698", "ref_doc_id": "ee236a94-b745-4e5e-822a-3aea84859e2d"}, "84f1380e-6ee2-434a-b5d4-ec5d5b0c8b2c": {"doc_hash": "1d473e5b4d87b8c483914216a3fba414428f4aae4451de1826109af456ec1243", "ref_doc_id": "0179a61b-8917-4e8b-a7c9-3921eae2616a"}, "45048ae2-7b7c-4bbe-8d2c-0e03d62560ed": {"doc_hash": "706c450109a147663799bd2723e027b01ce92be1aab8ae011a6657e0d1c148a2", "ref_doc_id": "4417dfb7-cf42-46a0-aaf4-47e21865c19b"}, "63ca5478-034b-437f-939f-4c04fb174cb7": {"doc_hash": "50294acab711cd55b0a973b5da835b580a04f17b7ab6d0e3c9a9ed8ecc430365", "ref_doc_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b"}, "dc30fdd2-978c-492a-b9c0-ffbbedb755bc": {"doc_hash": "6bc86de9c07619475a468907de100906b8553033483949fd2f795f1370d4fe1c", "ref_doc_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b"}, "46ceae09-a108-4415-970a-58eabe1c6e65": {"doc_hash": "7a03127aa18b3c8010d0004fc4be2853ff1d630a81cedac4f60f5032d76c16cd", "ref_doc_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b"}, "bb07f394-2a9c-44fb-8be8-724c1d91e8a6": {"doc_hash": "52b4614e4a6f794001b5e7a834d170767c4910bd8056630878c5e60c71080f22", "ref_doc_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b"}, "948f9f83-3ff1-4b79-b5f2-e9b533478138": {"doc_hash": "50e400901b1c7f6c13a58888fa5c21e5fd6e6d99ca6b1e22c5c777688bf04eef", "ref_doc_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b"}, "865c9a9c-cc9f-4c1a-a7ee-d4794292ef50": {"doc_hash": "5d1caeb529e3805170bce9272645bb9df4e60e968cb5a7234ea22ebcc68344a4", "ref_doc_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b"}, "663055d9-883c-49a1-8278-74cbab4cd280": {"doc_hash": "c5952f539597dd67cb68edc8a798912cd41ed07032768e62550745143eecc839", "ref_doc_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b"}, "c9ddfdcf-fffc-493a-bfeb-1259131aaa11": {"doc_hash": "af8c3c88e1e85ee529e7b1b3092c1c42a5638dea0b1d81f8d57827414f476978", "ref_doc_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b"}, "fda16941-587f-4bf8-b025-e87fefd41b70": {"doc_hash": "0b7dd78f6a1b95e63c176f7374f757f19a08f34800c8bbbbf33a80f7e138bb7f", "ref_doc_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b"}, "6cb8a292-8c4e-4883-8dcd-d4e041d21e4c": {"doc_hash": "2fbf260807f76e2fc2e8009ccd53c35e80368e0889414ddd4a64523e315e729b", "ref_doc_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b"}, "d2c8c914-9885-4dcf-ae68-5e93bde98184": {"doc_hash": "2b1a4d889173872525ece6e68a125f7da5902fb6ede70d64695c1b08c159b406", "ref_doc_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b"}, "a1dcdaac-9783-47dc-a124-fbfd58ba5fd4": {"doc_hash": "a4d05e5392b93dbd8c4c025a105f7944c65a8dd7663fb8676f18187fc8d3cc0c", "ref_doc_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b"}, "e6ab407f-56ae-42d1-bb13-73d34a44cc73": {"doc_hash": "0698bb29ff720df2c71ad64f44ff81d95ecc96f49824bf4bd5fac31da9b4caa7", "ref_doc_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b"}}, "docstore/data": {"a3c26284-67c9-40a2-aca1-195c66f5ed3b": {"__data__": {"id_": "a3c26284-67c9-40a2-aca1-195c66f5ed3b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Bottle Refund Scheme/Beverage Refund Scheme.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Bottle Refund Scheme/Beverage Refund Scheme.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "53d99eff-9480-44b6-b3da-60534ef6ce18", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Bottle Refund Scheme/Beverage Refund Scheme.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Bottle Refund Scheme/Beverage Refund Scheme.pdf"}, "hash": "c633c325b0dd2889727db07b48bc7ced4d6dde5babce7201dfce582fbfe34977", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "---\n\n\n---\n@9Q\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\nApple\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n\n\n---\n|PANT|Pantti|2|\n|---|---|---|\n|2KR|0,10 \u20acPant|PANT|\n---\nNe ontlon\n---\n\n\n---", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 2, "end_char_idx": 225, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4b6e6913-3a74-46e5-93c0-fc960b1c029e": {"__data__": {"id_": "4b6e6913-3a74-46e5-93c0-fc960b1c029e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Bottle Refund Scheme/TRIA Closed-loop Solution.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "e8e7ee28-783f-4a68-b39d-cfbe0cad2de8", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Bottle Refund Scheme/TRIA Closed-loop Solution.docx"}, "hash": "e89d756c0d4b6ce86e03c84aa80526dd0188e902f8bdb80675f176a5c0ed6ffd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "8438e420-d1ae-486d-aa3e-1b5845afe94b", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ffce22b0f82a27cc63f9dbea72787ce6b5e58084ce7d7d44bd78f9a6b36e24f0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "TRIA\u2019s CLOSED-LOOP FOODWARE SOLUTION\n\nTRIA's closed-loop foodware solution emulates nature's system of continuous resource renewal, made possible by the integration of advanced technologies. The solution utilizes plant-derived materials and microbial biodegradation to enable a seamless closed-loop system.\n\nTRIA's closed-loop foodware solution is specifically designed for food service providers who require a scalable option to address the sustainability of single-use foodware and food waste. The solution unfolds in three parts: (1) TRIA supplies its foodware made of bio-based NEUTRIA\u00ae material to food service  providers; (2) TRIA takes on the producer\u2019s responsibility for collecting and recycling the waste, (3) TRIA breaks down the foodware waste with its patented organic recycling technologies, valorising them into valuable feedstocks that can be used for various applications, such as producing nutrient-rich fertiliser, generating renewable energy through anaerobic digestion, or recreating into new batches of NEUTRIA\u00ae material. The organic recycling process allows for the digestion of both food waste and foodware material without the need for segregation, reducing the burden on food service providers for waste segregation. \n\nThe closed-loop foodware solution has been successfully launched for MICE events, including the Formula 1 Singapore, and is currently being piloted by leading food service providers KFC and SATS. \n\nTRIA has formed an alliance of closed-loop partners with waste recycling company, SGX listed Shanaya, to build an anaerobic digestion facility in Singapore and with Yara International, the world\u2019s leading fertilizer company, to develop circular fertiliser solutions from urban food service waste. \n\nTRIA's closed-loop foodware solution is a prime example of a circular system that can be integral with modern-day conveniences.\n\nTRIA\u2019s CLOSED-LOOP FOODWARE SOLUTION \u95ed\u73af\u98df\u54c1\u5bb9\u5668\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\n\nTRIA\u7684\u95ed\u73af\u98df\u54c1\u5bb9\u5668\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u8d44\u6e90\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5148\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u8be5\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5229\u7528\u690d\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u6750\u6599\u548c\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u751f\u7269\u964d\u89e3\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u7f1d\u95ed\u73af\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\n\nTRIA\u7684\u95ed\u73af\u98df\u54c1\u5bb9\u5668\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e13\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u9009\u9879\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5355\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u98df\u54c1\u5bb9\u5668\u548c\u98df\u7269\u6d6a\u8d39\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9910\u996e\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u8be5\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\uff081\uff09TRIA\u5411\u9910\u996e\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u4f9b\u5e94\u5176\u7531\u751f\u7269\u57faNEUTRIA\u00ae\u6750\u6599\u5236\u6210\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u5bb9\u5668\uff1b\uff082\uff09TRIA\u627f\u62c5\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u56de\u6536\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff1b\uff083\uff09TRIA\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4e13\u5229\u7684\u6709\u673a\u56de\u6536\u6280\u672f\u5206\u89e3\u98df\u54c1\u5bb9\u5668\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4f30\u4ef7\u4e3a\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u751f\u4ea7\u5bcc\u542b\u8425\u517b\u7684\u80a5\u6599\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u538c\u6c27\u6d88\u5316\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u5236\u4f5c\u6210\u65b0\u6279\u6b21\u7684NEUTRIA\u00ae\u6750\u6599\u3002\u6709\u673a\u56de\u6536\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5141\u8bb8\u6d88\u5316\u98df\u7269\u6d6a\u8d39\u548c\u98df\u54c1\u5bb9\u5668\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u9910\u996e\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u5904\u7406\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\n\n\u95ed\u73af\u98df\u54c1\u9910\u5177\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u5730\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86MICE\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4e00\u7ea7\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u7531\u9886\u5148\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546KFC\u548cSATS\u8bd5\u70b9\u3002\n\nTRIA\u4e0e\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\u56de\u6536\u516c\u53f8SGX\u4e0a\u5e02\u7684Shanaya\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ed\u73af\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u538c\u6c27\u6d88\u5316\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u9886\u5148\u7684\u5316\u80a5\u516c\u53f8Yara International\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4ece\u57ce\u5e02\u98df\u54c1\u670d\u52a1\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\u4e2d\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u80a5\u6599\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\n\nTRIA\u7684\u95ed\u73af\u98df\u54c1\u9910\u5177\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u6da6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4fbf\u5229\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u5178\u8303\u3002", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 2486, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8438e420-d1ae-486d-aa3e-1b5845afe94b": {"__data__": {"id_": "8438e420-d1ae-486d-aa3e-1b5845afe94b", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Bottle Refund Scheme/TRIA Closed-loop Solution.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "e8e7ee28-783f-4a68-b39d-cfbe0cad2de8", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Bottle Refund Scheme/TRIA Closed-loop Solution.docx"}, "hash": "e89d756c0d4b6ce86e03c84aa80526dd0188e902f8bdb80675f176a5c0ed6ffd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "4b6e6913-3a74-46e5-93c0-fc960b1c029e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Bottle Refund Scheme/TRIA Closed-loop Solution.docx"}, "hash": "21f03264055d5531d0c8104b9794d665a082980753768cd8263bd75f9fc25dc8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "TRIA\u2019s CLOSED LOOP BOTTLED WATER\n\nThe current method of recycling PET bottles, mechanical recycling, is often considered as the solution to the problem of single-use plastic. However, this method is limited by technological constraints, as a single piece of PET can only be recycled 2-3 times before its mechanical properties are no longer suitable for use. Beyond this point, the material will inevitably end up in either landfills or incinerators, resulting in a linear economy rather than a circular one. Additionally, these bottles are not fully recyclable due to their multi-material composition, with PET for the body, HDPE for the cap, and PVC for the label. This mixture of materials requires the need for manual segregation during the recycling process, which is both tedious and costly.\n\nTRIA provides an alternative approach to mechanical recycling through organic recycling \u2013 the microbial biodegradation of bio-based materials.\n\nThe company's bottles are made from its own bio-based material NEUTRIA\u00ae which is derived from agricultural crop waste and have the added benefit of see-through transparency, which allow consumers to see the water contained within. This characteristic fulfils the needs of the bottled water industry, as opposed to alternatives made from paper which do not allow for the water to be seen.\n\nOnce the bottles have been used, they are collected and broken down into their constituent compounds using TRIA's patented Rapid Depolymerisation technology. This process creates valuable feedstocks that can be used in various applications, such as remaking new bottles without a loss of properties or generating renewable energy through Anaerobic Digestion. TRIA's method of organic recycling, allow for the processing of food waste along with the foodware material without the need for segregation.\n\nTRIA's solution offers several exciting benefits: (1) it creates a genuinely circular loop for bottled water through organic recycling, overcoming the limitations of mechanical recycling, (2) it allows for the valorisation of bottle material waste and accompanying food waste in a single waste stream, and (3) it retains the transparency of the bottle, preserving the visibility of the water, unlike paper-based alternatives.\n\nTRIA\u2019s CLOSED LOOP BOTTLED WATER \u95ed\u73af\u74f6\u88c5\u6c34 \n\n\u76ee\u524d\u56de\u6536PET\u74f6\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u56de\u6536\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5355\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u5851\u6599\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d7\u5230\u6280\u672f\u9650\u5236\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2aPET\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u65362-3\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\u5176\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u6750\u6599\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u8fdb\u5165\u5783\u573e\u586b\u57cb\u573a\u6216\u711a\u70e7\u7089\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ebf\u6027\u7ecf\u6d4e\u800c\u975e\u5faa\u73af\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u74f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982PET\u7528\u4e8e\u74f6\u4f53\uff0cHDPE\u7528\u4e8e\u76d6\uff0cPVC\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6750\u6599\u6df7\u5408\u9700\u8981\u5728\u56de\u6536\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u624b\u52a8\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e2\u9ebb\u70e6\u53c8\u6602\u8d35\u3002 TRIA\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u673a\u56de\u6536\uff08\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u751f\u7269\u964d\u89e3\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u673a\u68b0\u56de\u6536\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\n\n\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u74f6\u5b50\u662f\u7531\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u6750\u6599NEUTRIA\u00ae\u5236\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6750\u6599\u662f\u4ece\u519c\u4e1a\u4f5c\u7269\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u900f\u660e\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f7f\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u74f6\u5185\u7684\u6c34\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u74f6\u88c5\u6c34\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u7eb8\u5236\u6210\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u8f83\u5dee\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002\n\n\u4e00\u65e6\u74f6\u5b50\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u88ab\u6536\u96c6\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528TRIA\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u5feb\u901f\u805a\u5408\u964d\u89e3\u6280\u672f\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u6210\u5206\u3002\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e0d\u635f\u5931\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5236\u9020\u65b0\u74f6\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u538c\u6c27\u6d88\u5316\u4ea7\u751f\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u3002TRIA\u7684\u6709\u673a\u56de\u6536\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u98df\u7269\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\u548c\u98df\u54c1\u5305\u88c5\u6750\u6599\u4e00\u8d77\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5206\u79bb\u3002\n\nTRIA\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u673a\u56de\u6536\u4e3a\u74f6\u88c5\u6c34\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u73af\u8def\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u673a\u68b0\u56de\u6536\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\uff082\uff09\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u5e9f\u5f03\u6d41\u4e2d\u4ef7\u503c\u5316\u74f6\u5b50\u6750\u6599\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\u548c\u4f34\u968f\u7684\u98df\u7269\u5e9f\u5f03\u7269\uff0c\uff083\uff09\u5b83\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u74f6\u5b50\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u6c34\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u7eb8\u57fa\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 2490, "end_char_idx": 5392, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "203991ea-aba5-4fba-b64c-3ce587ad56fe": {"__data__": {"id_": "203991ea-aba5-4fba-b64c-3ce587ad56fe", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV - Ardhelia Artanti.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV - Ardhelia Artanti.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5185e54d-7ffa-4e04-afe7-8409245378be", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV - Ardhelia Artanti.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV - Ardhelia Artanti.pdf"}, "hash": "f48226b3e5b4b4888be29089c910e96a82f709f08bec3f44ee02f21f12d3d1ef", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "# Ardhelia Artanti\n\n+6285780544768 | Ardheliaartanti52@gmail.com | linkedin.com/in/ArdheliaartantiJakarta Selatan, DKI Jakarta\n\n# SUMMARY\n\nA motivated, avid, and hardworking person by nature. By strong desire to achieve results and keen interest in communication (Public Relation, Marketing, and Event management), I am highly committed to explore, discover and master new skills. I am someone who is highly self-motivated, trustworthy and reliable. I can work independently when needed, but also enjoy working in a team. I am responsible for every job I accept and always find myself continuously seeking opportunities to grow as a person.\n\n# WORK EXPERIENCE\n\n|PT Mid Solusi Nusantara / Mekari \u2013 Information Technology (jurnal.id)|Mar 2023 - Jan 2024|\n|---|---|\n|Sales Development Representative \u2013 Contract|Acquiring 36 - 60 potential clients to join our demo products, with minimum 50% convert to do product demo.|\n|Responsibilities:|- Representing the company\u2019s products and services, using comprehensive knowledge as well as consumer research to explain how our solutions meet customer needs.\n- Identifying potential customers and generating new business opportunities for the company.\n- Contacting and qualifying potential customers (cold calling and warm calling 750 potential customers).\n- Managing leads through the sales pipeline by setting appointments, following up on leads, and tracking progress towards meeting sales goals.\n- Collaborating with the sales team to develop strategies for reaching sales targets.\n- Using customer relationship management (CRM) software to manage leads and sales activities - 20,000 messages bulk sent/month.\n|\n\n|CV Beorganik International \u2013 FMCG|Jan 2023 - Mar 2023|\n|---|---|\n|Brand Marketing & Sales Specialist \u2013 Contract|Boosting revenue by 30% in Q1.|\n|Responsibilities:|- Brand Strategist: Planning, developing and executing digital marketing programs and campaigns in social media.\n- Partnership: Developing and creating marketing strategy on collaboration with other brands to increasing company\u2019s revenue & brand awareness. \u2014 with Melts.\n- Accomplishing collaboration programs with other brands to increase sales and brand awareness. \u2014 Collaborated Products on E-Commerce, Giveaway, Webinar/IG Live.\n- Merchandiser & Sales: Monitoring sales and identifying any losses or stock wastage.\n- Working with buyers to negotiate prices that are good for the market and profit.\n- Monitoring customer feedback to predict sales trends and seasonal stock demands.\n- Researching and monitoring industry trends and consumer behavior to anticipate demand and changes.\n|\n---\n# Rocketindo \u2013 Ecommerce Enabler\n\nOnline Sales Specialist \u2013 Freelance (Weekend Shift)\n\n- Maintaining excellent relationships with customers that are built on trust, and encouraging the rest of the sales team to follow this example.\n- Working alongside the team to draw up strategies to increase customer base.\n- Selling products online by assisting customers with questions about products or services, providing information about product features, helping to place orders, and processing payments.\n- Compiling reports about marketplace activity, such as total revenue, number of visitors, most popular products, or conversion rates.\n- Reporting to management regarding customer needs, problems, interests, competitive activities, and potential for new products and services.\n\n# PT Generasi Sehat Cerdas (Littlejoy Indonesia) \u2013 FMCG\n\nBusiness Development Specialist \u2013 Full Time\n\nIncreasing and expanding offline as well as online resellers across Indonesia with an all-time sales record of IDR 350.000.000/month.\n\n- Sales :\n- 20 leads/month new reseller acquisition.\n- 30 leads/month repurchase resellers existing.\n- Analyzing, identifying, and contacting potential clients to establish rapport, arrange meetings, and deal with prospective clients. \u2013 400/month (Include individual potential resellers, specialty grocers, and baby shop)\n- Promoting the company\u2019s products for predicting clients\u2019 objectives. \u2013 4/month (Instagram Live and collaboration with community)\n- Establishing a partnership with clients, managing, providing trustworthy feedback and after-sales support. \u2013 e.g Partnership with Astro, SayurBox, PasarNow.\n- Creating long-term relationships with new and existing sellers with planning and overseeing new marketing initiatives. \u2013 4 programs/month.\n- Preparing sales contracts ensuring adherence to rules and guidelines include making data collection for our resellers and partners, and creating invoices for clients.\n\nDesign:\n\n- Developing proposals and product knowledge for clients.\n- Developing, designing, and making copywriting for our resellers, partner, and campaign.\n- Collaborating with marketing teammates to support our social media and e-commerce design.\n- Creating new ideas for design and content to the team using expertise and eye for great design.\n- Creating templates for the marketing team to optimize posting on social media.\n\nEvent Production:\n\n- Approaching brands to sponsor the event \u2014 20 brands sponsorship within 3 weeks.\n- Approaching, negotiating and scheduling speakers, KOL & guest \u2014 120 guest on LJ Anniversary including KOL & Moms from internal and local community\n- Researching, negotiating and arranging venues, vendors (catering, decorators, photographer etc.) and optimizing the best combination of quality and cost.\n---\n# Anarawata Coffee \u2013 FMCG\n\n|Sep .2019 - Mar 2022|Head Barista|\n|---|---|\n|Managing all event operation and overseeing event happenings and acting quickly to resolve problems.| |\n|Brewing and serving caf\u00e8 beverages with speed, quality, and consistency. \u2013 250/week average visitors.| |\n|Responding to orders, questions, complaints in a polite and efficient manner. \u2013 1250/week average visitors.| |\n|Maintaining and operating espresso machines, coffee beans grinder, and other equipment. \u2013 1/month| |\n|Maintaining the administrative side of running the bar as well including inventory check.| |\n|Maintaining stocks and scheduling shifts. \u2013 1/week for data collecting.| |\n|Training new team members with positive reinforcement and respect.| |\n\n# PT Satu Jalan Indonesia (Stuja Coffee) \u2013 FMCG\n\n|Dec 2022 - Mar 2022|Barista Daily Worker|\n|---|---|\n|Describing menu items and suggesting products to customers.| |\n|Servicing customers and taking orders.| |\n|Preparing and serving coffee, food, and other beverages for customers quickly and effectively by adhering to all recipe and presentation standards.| |\n|Delivering excellent customer service and prompt food and beverage delivery.| |\n|Maintaining a clean and professional appearance and dining area for guest satisfaction.| |\n\n# Directorate General of Budget Financing and Risk Management - Ministry of Finance\n\n|Jul 2019 - Sep .2019|Internship|\n|---|---|\n|Developing concepts, graphics and layouts for product posters or Instagram posts.| |\n|Creating rough drafts of material based on an agreed brief for a meeting presentation.| |\n|Taking pictures, editing and retouching images for company events.| |\n|Developing companies' event concepts and handling the course of the events.| |\n\n# EDUCATION\n\nGunadarma University \u2013 Depok, Indonesia\nBachelor Degree in Communication Science | GPA: 3.23 / 4.00 | 2017 \u2013 Jun 2023\n\n# ADDITIONAL\n\n# Organizational Experience:\n\n|Sept 2018 - Sept 2019|Student executive board faculty of communication at Gunadarma University|\n|---|---|\n|Head of Art Fivision| |\n|Be responsible for coordinating all division members, aligning perceptions and goals.| |\n|Representing the student body between divisions and other meetings.| |\n|Coordinator of Event Division Dies Natalis Student Executive Board Faculty of Gunadarma University 2019| |\n|Coordinator of Event Division Desa Pintar, Kiara Pandak. Bogor, 2019.| |\n---\nCoordinator of Event Division Communication Music Festival 2019.\n\nCoordinator of Event Division Fikom Cup 2019\n\n|Hard Skills|Ms Word, Ms PowerPoint, Mr Excel, Spreadsheet, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator and Canva.|\n|---|---|\n|Soft Skills|Leadership, Teamwork, Negotiation, Problem Solving, Collaboration & Relationship Management, Digital Marketing, Event Production, Project Management, Time management, Latte art, Coffee/tea Brewing|\n|Languages|Indonesia, English|", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 8245, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "656a90d5-7ee7-4208-a427-e93827afc069": {"__data__": {"id_": "656a90d5-7ee7-4208-a427-e93827afc069", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV David Christian Tasin.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV David Christian Tasin.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "c4ca4a43-3a7b-43d0-a6c8-22884bddd92e", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV David Christian Tasin.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV David Christian Tasin.pdf"}, "hash": "2cc9c5425ba292335ccb129bd4c99416c6b31bdb26f48e0da71a790be7695420", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "CONTACT\n\n|Kumendaman mj2/556 RT26|DAVID|\n|---|---|\n|RW08 Kec. Mantrijeron,|CHRISTIAN|\n|Kel. Suryodiningratan,|TASIN|\n|Yogyakarta| |\n\nWORKING EXPERIENCE\n\n|0895392830923|July 2022 - Now|Quality Assurance Team Leader at Thoth AI|\n|---|---|---|\n| | |davidtasinn@gmail.com|\n|Perform daily sampling tasks for audit purposes.| | |\n|Independently deliver training to new joiners and work on the continuous performance improvement of team members.| | |\n|Monitoring the queue data and record daily output, communication and working closely with client.| | |\n|Manpower needs analysis and performance evaluation in collaborate with office manager.| | |\n|Thorough data analysis, summarize and feedback problems & handle necessary escalation and form a quality inspection report.| | |\n|Participate in developing quality inspection standards and continuously optimize the process and system platform.| | |\n|Feedback problems & handle necessary escalation on moderation quality.| | |\n|Feedback and analysis on Policy updates to identify areas of improvement and potential gaps.| | |\n\nSOCIAL MEDIA\n\ndavidtasin\n\nJune 2020 - June 2022\n\nContent Moderator at BIGO LIVE\nCheck and handle pe illegal content of pe platform, including pe pictures, live broadcast, short video, voice, text etc. responsible for pe content safety of pe platform.\nFind pe clues, summarize pe features, types data, information etc of pe illegal content.\nCollect pe illegal key words and add & maintain pe regional sensitive vocabulary periodically.\nCollect pe local cultural of customers, policy information and news, and report and feedback in time.\n\nFeb 2018 - Oct 2019\n\nDigital Marketing at Margaria Group\nManage and build social media strategy.\nDevelop digital promotion.\nPlanning and execute community event (online/one).\nContinuously improve and analyzing social data/metrics, insight and pen acting on pe information.\n\nSKILLS\n\n- Photography\n- Graphic Design\n- Ads Manager\n- Google Ads\n- Microsoft Office\n\nFORMAL EDUCATION\n\n|2011 - 2017|Universitas Pembangunan Nasional \"Veteran\" Yogyakarta|\n|---|---|\n| |Fakultas Sosial dan Politik|\n| |Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi|\n|2008 - 2011|SMAN 4 Balikpapan|\n\nACTIVITIES EXPERIENCE\n\n|2015 - 2016|Head Of Photography Event \"Bulan Fotogra 2015\"|\n|---|---|\n|Participant of Photography Exhibition Hunting Besar \"Escape To Paradise\" in Karimun Java.| |\n|Participant of Photography Exhibition on Fotkom 401's Anniversary.| |\n|Photo and Article Contributor Fotkom 401's Magazine \"Viewfinder\"| |", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 2488, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "8906902c-cbc4-454c-b099-9d7d6c35377e": {"__data__": {"id_": "8906902c-cbc4-454c-b099-9d7d6c35377e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV ELSA MULYANI.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV ELSA MULYANI.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "4d6a81d6-4f4e-4fd7-b5ae-311c3750e702", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV ELSA MULYANI.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV ELSA MULYANI.pdf"}, "hash": "63c7131f5fbc12b000ee89895bcd991c07fda5119d2bc408a7a22f83979caa98", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "+6287823455845 | elsamulyani03@gmail.com | www.linkedin.com/in/elsamulyani/ | Pekanbaru, Riau, IDELSA MULYANI\n\nGraduate of International Relations who has a strong interest in market research and product, specifically in the areas of B2B and political economics, policy analysis, consulting, business development, project management, and external affairs.\n\n# EDUCATION\n\nUniversitas Riau - Pekanbaru, Indonesia July 2019 - June 2023\n\nBachelor of International Relations, CGPA: 3.72/4.00\n\n- Award: Smart Scholarship and Bright Scholarship + MBKM Student Exchange to Universitas Jember\n\n# WORK EXPERIENCE\n\nBadan Riset Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) - Pekanbaru, Indonesia Oct 2023 - Des 2023\n\nEnumerator\n\n- Conducted a survey of the 5 areas in accordance with the data needs\n- Visited 250+ specific areas to collect the required information\n- Interviewed 100+ sources that have been listed with certain criteria\n- Recorded 1500+ information about the interviewees\n- Reviewed the results of interviews and other data collection prior to data submission\n- Presented and submitted the 97 survey results to the head of the research team and BRIN\n- Worked closely with 3 person at team to resolve problem\n\nPT HM Sampoerna (Philip Morris International) - Pekanbaru, Indonesia Sept 2022 - Oct 2022\n\nCommercial Apprenticeship\n\n- Executed 8 backend operations for AYO MITRA - AYO SRC to ensure seamless functionality.\n- Collaborated with partners and coached SRC for consistent transaction execution, fostering rapid growth by handling 15 partnerships in just one week.\n- Strategically scheduled 2 partner visits in a day through data analysis.\n- Proficiently utilized Microsoft Excel for data maintenance and processing.\n- Delivered 3 comprehensive weekly and monthly activity reports.\n\nUniversitas Riau - Pekanbaru, Indonesia June 2022 - July 2022\n\nResearch Assistant\n\n- Conducted in-depth project scope analysis through interviews with 20+ UMKM in Pekanbaru.\n- Communicated with 20+ sellers to analyze their perspectives about MEA\n- Processed 200+ data using SPSS\n\nKRA Group - Jakarta, Indonesia Mar 2022 - May 2022\n\nResearch Internship\n\n- Conducted 15+ in-depth research on B2B in ASEAN market - report directly to Head of Research\n- Worked closely with Director of Research and 2 stakeholders in identifying potential investment opportunities in the palm oil through research and valuation analysis\n- Collaborated with 6 people on the same team and work on a research project with a deadline of 2 weeks\n- Delved into research and policy analysis, strategically uncovering ripe opportunities for collaboration within the realm of government policies.\n\n# ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP EXPERIENCE\n\nPCD Studies Center - Pekanbaru, Indonesia Feb 2022 - Apr 2023\n\nDirector\n\n- Led a team of 20 within the organization\n- Hosted impactful 10+ webinars and literature series with 250+ participants\n- Collaborated with 5+ external organization to plan and execute events and activities\n- Edited and managed 20 articles for organization\u2019s Working Paper annually\n\nI-YES Indonesia - Pekanbaru, Indonesia Jan 2022 - Jan 2023\n\nChief of Project Development\n\n- Led a team of 4 person in Project Development, implementation and execution of 20+ projects, achieving 100% success rate\n- Initiated 10 impactful creative projects for internal and external organization within a team\n- Collaborated with 45 partners to implement projects\n---\n|Skills|leadership, writing, research, B2B product and sales, policy analyst, Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, and PowerPoint), and Google Workspace.|\n|---|---|\n|Language|Bahasa Indonesia, Malay and English.|", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 3606, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4b10db88-e5a4-490a-9b71-86bc3af4ece0": {"__data__": {"id_": "4b10db88-e5a4-490a-9b71-86bc3af4ece0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV Made Anggi Edita.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV Made Anggi Edita.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "b1013417-c08b-4341-8872-fd8998b239e9", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV Made Anggi Edita.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV Made Anggi Edita.pdf"}, "hash": "d26bcfc6b08be8f4dafa2b2cca7360d4f17f1ea000ca6d64435b7b1b14a492b5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "# Made Anggi Edita Pardini, S.KM., M.Kes\n\nPhone: +62 8563800211 | Email: anggieditaa@gmail.com\n\nAddress: Jl. Tukad Yeh Biu 17 Sesetan | URL: linkedin.com/in/anggi-edita\n\nDenpasar-Bali\n\n# Objective\n\nGraduated from majoring in public health with more than 4 years experience as Marketing at several companies, engaged in health sector and information technology. Proven track record of reaching sales target. Looking to leverage my communication skill through great opportunity in this company.\n\n# Professional Skills\n\n|Communication|4+ years experience in sales and marketing roles, frequently communicating with clients both on the phone and meet directly. Presenting product directly in front of clients.|\n|---|---|\n|Negotiation|Negotiating cooperation agreements with clients.|\n|Problem Solving|Lead brainstorming sessions with team how to increase sales and client satisfaction.|\n\n# Technical Skills\n\n- Microsoft Office\n- Google Suite\n- Google Analytics\n- CRM Software\n\n# Project Experience\n\n|Education and Counseling Team for NGO (Non-Government Organization)|April \u2013 December 2017|\n|---|---|\n|Provide education to the public about the rabies disease control program in Bali.| |\n|Quality Assurance at Indonesian Transcription Project for AI Company|Jan 2020 \u2013 December 2022|\n|Freelancer in charge of checking the quality of work of team members.| |\n\n# Work Experience\n\n|Marketing|PT. Kimia Farma Diagnostika | Feb 2015 \u2013 Jan 2017|\n|---|---|\n|Build relationship with doctors, clinics and other company. Meet 8 both new and existing clients per day.| |\n|Increasing company profits through increased sales of laboratory services by 10-15%.| |\n|Relationship Officer|BPJS Kesehatan Denpasar | Jan 2018 \u2013 Dec 2018|\n---\n# Build relationship with clients from all segments of the company:\n\n- Make phone calls, message, and email to make appointments.\n\n# Meeting:\n\n- Meet with about 6 clients per day.\n\n# Respond to calls and messages:\n\n- Respond to 10+ calls or messages per day and answer questions about the national health insurance program.\n\n# Program Participation:\n\n- Increase the number of participants in the program by an average of 100 people per month.\n\n# Business Development Executive\n\n|Weeloy Pte. Ltd Singapore|Jan 2019 \u2013 June 2019|\n|---|---|\n|As the first BDE in Bali area, generated new leads through cold calling and email to make appointments with clients.| |\n|Presented and demonstrated the product: software reservation system for restaurants in meetings with clients, at least 1 client a day for new open market.| |\n|Secured deals with 2 big group restaurants in Bali within the first 3 months after joining the company.| |\n\n# Marketing\n\n|PT. Biosystems Indonesia|July 2019 \u2013 Dec 2019|\n|---|---|\n|Increased sales of Bio reagents to hotels and restaurants in the Bali area.| |\n|Presented products in meetings with clients.| |\n|Secured deals with 2 clients in the first month after joining and consistently reached monthly targets.| |\n\n# Sales Representative\n\n|PT. Clean Medic Indus|Oct 2023 \u2013 Present|\n|---|---|\n|Generated new leads in the healthcare sector.| |\n|Presented company profile and services: medical waste management based on digital application.| |\n|Increased the number of new clients every month.| |\n\n# Education\n\n|Master of Public Health|Udayana University Bali|Sep 2020 \u2013 August 2022|GPA 3.82|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Bachelor of Public Health|Udayana University Bali|Sep 2015 \u2013 August 2017|GPA 3.70|\n|Diploma III of Health Analyst|Politeknik Kesehatan Denpasar|Sep 2011 \u2013 August 2014|GPA 3.54|", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 3522, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "efc003b2-8c76-4b94-aeb5-e14df213138c": {"__data__": {"id_": "efc003b2-8c76-4b94-aeb5-e14df213138c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV_Farizal-Kamal_new3.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV_Farizal-Kamal_new3.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "f4967ceb-b832-48f7-afcd-168107aee7b1", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV_Farizal-Kamal_new3.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV_Farizal-Kamal_new3.pdf"}, "hash": "666a86fd62b8eeb3abd3bb5d86f6b36e92f86b85a36eba4d5b2c2b25a9558349", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b77919e0-eec5-482e-b687-bbce4ae98a3a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4bfb9932e2fbe7481eebe841662d4b216abb384a50d012a160cdcb0c7289e347", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "# Farizal Kamal - Let's connect \u2714\n\nJakarta Metropolitan Area\n\nindotactics@gmail.com | 081285381687\n\nlinkedin.com/in/farizalkamal\n\n# Summary\n\nMari gabung komunitas grup telegram DIGITAL MILLENIAL, copy & paste: t.me/joinchat/RDxAFxovlAKAV1FH-ciEbg\n\n(Open for great job offer). Digital Marketing practitioner with over 20 years of experiences:\n\n- Start doing digital marketing & online business since 1995 - https://i.imgur.com/Sra3SuE.jpg\n- Author of the book \"Cyberbusiness\" published in 1999 - https://i.imgur.com/EGuAh0v.png\n- SEM (Search Engine Marketing) certified professional - https://i.imgur.com/6hJsVTq.gif\n- Experience in developing an online campaign strategy that converts\n- Experience in managing big budget online campaigns\n- I can manage & optimize various traffic sources (search, display, video, apps download, native ads, retargeting, etc.)\n\n\"Bad management of digital marketing activities, will only bring rubbish traffics (visitors)\"\n\nSOME OF MY BIG DIGITAL CAMPAIGN BUDGET: (in the past)\n\n- Google Adwords 3 MILLIONS EURO - http://i.imgur.com/Sg8XA6t.png\n- Google Adwords Rp 7 MILYAR or about $518,518 - http://i.imgur.com/Fr2fPvs.jpg\n- Facebook Ads Rp 900 JUTA or about $66,666 - http://i.imgur.com/fd5YeLS.jpg\n\nMY SEM (Search Engine Marketing) CERTIFICATES:\n\n1. Adwords Search - https://i.imgur.com/R2GNdQL.jpg\n2. Adwords Display - https://i.imgur.com/zl1uZ9Z.jpg\n3. Adwords Video - http://i.imgur.com/4KnvQhP.png\n4. Adwords Shopping - http://i.imgur.com/Nuuo1QJ.png\n5. Bing Ads - http://bit.ly/bing-sem-certificate\n\nLET'S CONNECT !\n\n- My LinkedIn Author Page - https://www.linkedin.com/today/author/farizalkamal\n- My Youtube video - https://youtu.be/6WFrmNCHu2Y\n- Email: rizal2121@yahoo.com\n- Skype: xtracashmoney\n- CV: (given upon request) | http://bit.ly/digital-profit\n- Cellphone/WA: +6281285381687 (Indonesia)\n\n# Experience\n\n|Position|Company|Duration|\n|---|---|---|\n|Head Of Digital Conversion Strategist, Business Integrator, Partnership & Affiliate Marketing|insureka|Sep 2021 - Dec 2023 (2 years 4 months)|\n---\n# Optimize paid online campaign budget\n\nBring leads and sales online to company website\n\nCreate partnership and collaboration with various companies\n\nPlan and execute all digital marketing, including SEO/SEM, marketing database, email, social media, and display advertising campaigns\n\nMeasure and report performance of all digital marketing campaigns, and assess against goals (ROI and KPIs)\n\nIdentify trends and insights, and optimize spend and performance based on the insights\n\nBrainstorm new and creative growth strategies\n\nPlan, execute, and measure experiments and conversion tests\n\nCollaborate with internal teams to create landing pages and optimize user experience\n\nInstrument conversion points and optimize user funnels\n\nCollaborate with agencies and other vendor partners\n\n# Social media strategist:\n\n- https://www.instagram.com/insureka.id\n- https://www.facebook.com/insureka.id\n- https://www.tiktok.com/@insureka.id\n- https://www.linkedin.com/company/insureka/\n- https://youtube.com/@insureka\n\n# For Youtube Best Achievements:\n\n|Got 3.1millions views|https://youtu.be/Vqv-qrQZuIU?si=e-5Ts2xBTN9l1tF4|\n|---|---|\n|Got 3.7millions views|https://youtu.be/soThiUTUcd0?si=MxPRxYfJQ8nqynbM|\n\n# SEM / PPC / Search / Display / Video / Apps / Native / Paid Ads Conversion Optimizer Specialist\n\nConfidential Company\n\nMar 2021 - Oct 2021 (8 months)\n\nI setup, manage, monitor, & optimize your online campaign for best result.\n\nNot satisfied with your current online ad campaign? Try me!\n\n# Digital Marketing Director\n\n1011 Group\n\nMar 2016 - Apr 2020 (4 years 2 months)\n\n1011 is a digital agency. My main tasks as follow:\n\n- Build team from scratch\n- Build products & services\n- Manage the team\n- Build B2B partnership\n- Sales activities (to find clients)\n\nFarizal Kamal \u2605 Let's connect \u2714 - page 2\n---\n# One product that I built was a startup called KuisMilioner (KM)\n\nKM is The First Online Quiz and Contest platform provider in Indonesia. Quiz is one of the effective ways to deliver promotion messages and also educate product knowledge at the same time to the target market. My jobs:\n\n# Offline:\n\n1. Perform as a public speaker at seminars to educate KM product knowledge - Link\n2. Operational: Content strategist, setup the workflow, building & managing the team personnel - Link\n\n# Online:\n\n1. Managing digital budget & campaigns in various ad networks (adwords, fb/ig ads, etc) - Link\n2. Digital PR: Execute press release & media coverage - Link\n\n# Media exposure (news portal):\n\n- Detik - Link\n- Tribunnews - Link\n- Okezone - Link\n- Liputan6 - Link\n- Merdeka - Link\n\n# Media exposure (TV):\n\n- iNews Malam - Link\n- ANTV: Topik Pagi - Link\n- TVRI: Indonesia Hari Ini - Link\n\n# Search Engine Marketing Optimizer\n\nAmar Bank\n\nJul 2015 - Feb 2016 (8 months)\n\nJobs & Tasks:\n\n1. To make sure my digital marketing strategies give a positive impact on company business growth\n2. Manage campaigns in various ad networks (Google Adwords: Search/GDN, Youtube video ads, Facebook ads, Instagram ads, Twitter ads, LinkedIn ads, Yahoo ads, Bing ads, etc.)\n3. Setup, monitor, & optimize all campaigns to reach KPI & profit\n4. Fix errors in campaign settings\n5. Discover the \"wrongs\" in the campaigns (target, bidding, keywords, landing pages, etc.)\n6. Search, research, & choose the best ad network partners to promote the company products / services\n7. Establish extensive communication with ad network partners (to reach company campaign goals)\n8. Process new account setup with new ad network partner\n9. Knowledge sharing with the team members\n10. Think about new strategies to be implemented in the campaigns (set target, keyword, display, bidding, etc.)\n11. Optimize the budget usage (company money) to get optimum campaign performance results (profit from my digital campaigns)\n---\n# Farizal Kamal \u2605 Let's connect \u2714 - page 4\n\n12. Analyze the campaign & make improvements (to increase performance)\n\n13. Define the company online sales value (to calculate digital profits)\n\n14. Manage & monetize customer database (for Email Marketing)\n\n15. Develop blog networks & content marketing strategy (for SEO backlinks)\n\nDigital Marketer & Manager Masterdigital\n\nPT. Mastersystem Infotama\n\nAug 2013 - Oct 2014 (1 year 3 months)\n\nMasterdigital offer The most comprehensive and integrated marketing solution for digital marketers.\n\nMasterdigital is a division of PT Mastersystem Infotama, Indonesia\u2019s leading company in providing System Integration for ICT Infrastructure, ICT Business Solutions and ICT Services.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 6541, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b77919e0-eec5-482e-b687-bbce4ae98a3a": {"__data__": {"id_": "b77919e0-eec5-482e-b687-bbce4ae98a3a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV_Farizal-Kamal_new3.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV_Farizal-Kamal_new3.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "f4967ceb-b832-48f7-afcd-168107aee7b1", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV_Farizal-Kamal_new3.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV_Farizal-Kamal_new3.pdf"}, "hash": "666a86fd62b8eeb3abd3bb5d86f6b36e92f86b85a36eba4d5b2c2b25a9558349", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "efc003b2-8c76-4b94-aeb5-e14df213138c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV_Farizal-Kamal_new3.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV_Farizal-Kamal_new3.pdf"}, "hash": "be87a2f27b06d9d208b686aa75927a5c5066209264a3bd1d1b81452bdeb325cd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Masterdigital is a division of PT Mastersystem Infotama, Indonesia\u2019s leading company in providing System Integration for ICT Infrastructure, ICT Business Solutions and ICT Services.\n\nhttp://trkur.com/24378/12626\n\nDigital Asset Manager\n\nDigital Asset Management & Investment\n\nJul 2012 - Jul 2013 (1 year 1 month)\n\nMy R&D for new digital services:\n\n- Digital Asset Management & Investment\n- Auto Online Ca$h System\n- Lead Capture Development & Blast Strategy\n- Buyer Database Remarketing & Maintenance\n\nWebsite Portfolios\n\nhttp://lebahmadu.net/ | http://www.satumall.com/ | http://www.pusatresume.com/ | http://www.lmr-ri.or.id/ | http://www.yoobro.com/ | http://indojobiz.com/ | http://bogormarket.com/ | http://mataiswa.com/\n\nRoles:\n\n- Responsible of managing 50+ client & partner websites\n- Design & plan \"Out of The Box\" digital marketing strategies\n- Turn visitors into repeated buyers\n- Increase brand & product awareness\n- Boost company online sales & ROI worldwide\n- Building & managing company digital assets\n- Find & exploit potential untapped market\n- Calculate formula (for budget optimizer) to make campaigns profitable\n- Set online business standardization to increase customer satisfaction & buyer retention rate\n\nClient List:\n\nsolvo.co.id | dinologistics.com | floweradvisor.com.sg | kotasusu.com | syariahonline.com | alimancenter.com | movi.co.id | beasiswamandiri.org | auu.co.id | blokiklan.com | kristef-mega.com | getimotion.com | & many more...\n\nSEM (Search Engine Marketing) Specialist\n\nSep 2011 - Jun 2012 (10 months)\n---\n# Manage online marketing (especially Google Adwords) campaign.\n\nGoogle Adwords (Certified) Specialist\nStarcom\nApr 2010 - Sep 2011 (1 year 6 months)\nOnline SEM campaign and PPC strategist.\n\nThe first person in Indonesia who received 3 Google Adwords certificates:\n- Search\n- Display\n- Reporting & Analysis\n\n# Internet Marketing Leader\n\nBlueray Technology\nJun 2009 - Apr 2010 (11 months)\n- To promote the company website to get more customers.\n- To develop, manage, and run online promotion strategies.\n- To develop, manage, and run CPC strategies.\n- To develop, manage, and run CPV strategies.\n- To develop, manage, and run promotion on social media.\n- Maintain company websites\n- Write articles and create online sweepstakes promo\n\n# Cyber Marketing Specialist\n\nIndojob.co.id\nApr 2008 - Nov 2009 (1 year 8 months)\n- Set strategies to increase candidate database\n- Set strategies to increase client/company database\n- Brand development, website traffic growth, website UI and advertising revenue. Developed brand strategy and statistics systems.\n\n# Online Business Strategist\n\nPT Asia Kapital Berjangka (www.vibiznews.com)\nJan 2008 - Dec 2008 (1 year)\nI managed over 10 company websites. The following are some of my job functions:\n- Developed online marketing plan to get more prospects\n- Redesigned company websites\n- Created company online forum and promoted it\n- Developed affiliate program\n- Trained sales team to sell products and services through the Internet\n\n# Education\n\nAuckland University of Technology\n\nFarizal Kamal \u2605 Let's connect \u2714 - page 5\n---\n# Degree, Computing Business\n\n1993 - 1995\n\n# Skills\n\n- E-commerce\n- Conversion Optimization\n- Ad Networks\n- Google Adwords\n- Yahoo Search Marketing\n- Bing Ads\n- LinkedIn Advertising\n- Facebook\n- Video Marketing\n- Affiliate Marketing\n\n# Honors & Awards\n\n- 3 Google Adwords Certificates - Google\n- Certificate Image\n- First person in Indonesia who received 3 (three) Google Adwords certificates: Search, Display, & Reporting - Find out the studying tips to pass all Adwords exams here\n- E-Commerce National Seminar 2008 as Guest Speaker - Himaka STT PLN\n- Apr 2008\n- Seminar Poster", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 6360, "end_char_idx": 10045, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2b04b3b9-bbd3-4ac6-93a6-547d91e7303c": {"__data__": {"id_": "2b04b3b9-bbd3-4ac6-93a6-547d91e7303c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume - Nadia P. Endriesta - 2024.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume - Nadia P. Endriesta - 2024.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "3ac040e6-7401-4279-80ad-8cdcefe57c27", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume - Nadia P. Endriesta - 2024.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume - Nadia P. Endriesta - 2024.pdf"}, "hash": "60d8003c0cad4f905fb21fa28d12c6c119ffce547e5124ed09308d2bdc1cfa93", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Nadia Putri Endriesta\n085697432888 \u00b7 endriestanadia@gmail.com\nJakarta, Indonesia\n\nPEOPLE MANAGER - ACCOUNT MANAGEMENT TEAM LEADER\n\nAn experienced marketing expert who has accrued more than 5 years of marketing knowledge in different industries such as F&B, Education, Media, and Human Resources Services. Having lead a team in a professional setting for 2 years. Exhibits excellent collaboration and leadership abilities. Complete projects on time, achieve targets and revenue, and boost team engagement and productivity. Capable of creating and employing a team that is in alignment with the company's values. Capable of quickly adapting to different fields and jobs. Aspires to learn and diligently seeks knowledge from various relationships, colleagues, and workplaces. Career growth-oriented and interested in trying new career experiences outside of the marketing field.\n\n# SKILLS\n\nMarketing Management \u2022 Business Development Management \u2022 Team Management \u2022 B2B2C Specialist\nClient Relation \u2022 Advertising Campaign \u2022 Market Analysis \u2022 Business Planning \u2022 Team & Relationship Building\n\n# BEST ACHIEVEMENT\n\nThe only Account Executive who was able to get a client in the automotive industry who was the most difficult to contact to sign up for a quarter-page display ads package in the newspaper within two weeks. The package comes with a lowest discount and is paid in advance one day before the advertisement is broadcast. And the total offer rate results in personal compensation of 11%.\n\n# PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE\n\n|Glints|2023 - Present|\n|---|---|\n|People Manager - Account Management Team Leader| |\n|\u2022 Build and hire a team of 5 members that matches Glint's values.| |\n|\u2022 Leading team members consist of 5 Account Managers to achieved their individual target.| |\n|\u2022 Responsible for designing KPIs and OKRs for the team in every quarter.| |\n|\u2022 Acquire 1000 job listings as a team for Glints marketplace in a month.| |\n|\u2022 Upselling 6 products every month as a team.| |\n|\u2022 Responsible for utilizing or creating database leads that are accessible to team members.| |\n|\u2022 Supervising end-to-end data collection and making sure data is collected in a timely manner.| |\n|\u2022 Reporting to the manager about the KPI and OKR team.| |\n|\u2022 Ensure that the project being carried out achieves its targets and earns income by monitoring the contribution and participation of each team member.| |\n|\u2022 Develop and implement strategies that team members will use to reach goals.| |\n|\u2022 Arrange tasks for each team member according to their strengths and skills.| |\n|\u2022 Provide the training that is needed for individuals to carry out specific tasks with the goal of achieving specific goals.| |\n|\u2022 Encourage and support team members to stay motivated and work together towards common goals.| |\n|\u2022 Assist each team member in solving their work problems through creative thinking and appropriate solutions.| |\n\n|Jawa Pos|2022 - 2023|\n|---|---|\n|Account Executive| |\n|\u2022 Build and maintain good relationships with decision makers from the client side by increasing integrity, customer support and becoming a bridge for clients and the company.| |\n|\u2022 Analyze market trends and changes so that client needs are met.| |\n|\u2022 Discusses client project goals, progress and results.| |\n|\u2022 Develop budgets and schedules for clients and the companies they work for.| |\n|\u2022 Coordinate the team to meet project milestones with clients.| |\n|\u2022 Effectively manage client needs by making presentations and strategic analysis for client needs.| |\n|\u2022 Develop project plans for each client to increase client growth through education, sales strategy and profit analysis.| |\n|\u2022 Providing clients with company profiles and products to fulfill their needs.| |\n|\u2022 Develop media packages or alternative products and create event plans that meet the client's requirements and budget| |\n|\u2022 Providing clients with access to the necessary communities as per the campaign| |\n---\n# Ruangguru\n\n2020 - 2022\n\nOutbound Education Consultant\n\n- Maintain good relationships with customers and potential customers.\n- Offering solutions to educational problems faced by consumers and matching them with Ruangguru products.\n- Follow up with Ruangguru application users to subscribe to paid applications.\n- Responsible for sales target.\n\n# Ansena Play Indonesia\n\n2019 - 2020\n\nMarketing - Marketing Team Leader\n\n- Create and implement strategies that team members will use to achieve goals\n- Delegate tasks to each team member based on his or her strengths and skill sets\n- Provide the training needed to be able to carry out certain tasks with the aim of achieving certain goals\n- Provide support and encouragement so that team members stay motivated and work together to achieve common goals\n- Oversee daily operations of the team\n- Monitor the contribution and participation of each team member to ensure the project being worked on can be completed according to the deadline\n- Create and distribute reports to management regularly showing the progress of the projects being worked on\n\n# Klapa Production\n\n2018 - 2019\n\nCrew Event\n\n- Receive and greet guests attending an event\n- Assist guests in making registration or absence attendance lists\n- Provide event-related information to guests\n- Provide assistance to guests during the event\n- Print certificates for guests\n\n# Pusat Pemerintahan Kabupaten Madiun\n\n2016 - 2018\n\nReceptionist\n\n- Receive telephone calls and forward them to the relevant department or company management.\n- Provide information via telephone calls if someone asks about the company's products or services.\n- Welcome guests who come and provide information regarding the purpose of arrival.\n- Serve complaints from customers or guests who come.\n\n# Kantor Notaris Vios Nely\n\n2016 - 2016\n\nAdmin Staff\n\n- Receive and send letters and documents related to notary office activities\n- Provide and prepare documents to be signed by the notary and the client\n- Carrying out other administrative tasks assigned by the notary\n\n# EDUCATION\n\nSTP Sahid Surakarta\n\n2018 - 2019\n\nBachelor of Tourism Management\n\n3.50 GPA\n\n\u201cThe Development of Non-personal Interpretation Media as an Effort to Support Educational Tourism at The Balekambang Park Tourist Attraction in Surakarta City.\u201d\n\nInstitut Pertanian Bogor\n\n2013 - 2016\n\nDiploma of Ecotourism\n\n3.58 GPA\n\n\u201cThe Planning of Village Ecotourism in Eastern Part of Nanggung District, Bogor Regency, West Java Province\u201d\n\n# VOLUNTEERING\n\nModerator\n\n2014 - 2015\n\nTourism National Seminar\n\n\u201cKedaulatan Rakyat Menuju Indonesia Hebat\u201d\n\nBogor\n\nLiaison Officer\n\n2014 - 2015\n\nNational Congres V Himpunan Mahasiswa Pariwisata Indonesia\n\nBogor", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 6621, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f0603697-7239-485d-a787-4484abe3a8ef": {"__data__": {"id_": "f0603697-7239-485d-a787-4484abe3a8ef", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume D.N.Chaturvedi.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "892a2ce5-1dad-4756-97e4-eef3dbba7eb0", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume D.N.Chaturvedi.docx"}, "hash": "dab126067d415b3364d2f04bc1db46b495778541611768955818fc9942bbef4a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4566c459-0c09-4c13-bb8f-4e6b45faa2fe", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "b3b5dcf16f8b9332e0ddb16fcb8c07a84a1b79786ff31ec5fb8159b95b9b6479", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "D.N.CHATURVEDI\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEmail: chaturvedidn1960@gmail.com\n\nSkype Name: chatur31\n\n\n\n\t\tPermanent Address: A-348, Sector-31\tMob: +918826137844\n\n\t\t                    Noida (Delhi NCR), 201301\t          \n\n\t\t                                               D.O.B: 1st July, 1960 \n\n\n\n\n\nQUALIFICATION\n\n\n\nB. Tech. (Textile), Passed out in the year 1981, from Technological Institute of Textiles & Science Bhiwani (Haryana) from. (Birla Education Trust) Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Harayana\n\n\n\nSummary\n\n\n\nRich mix of business development, operations, diversified experience of three decades from start up to workout, turnaround and rapid growth; resolving long standing problems and creating solutions that improve operational efficiency. Leverage expert analysis and insights to promulgate lean approach and team empowerment that drives organizational improvements and instills best practices. Possess objective and progressive people management skills with dynamic leadership and business acumen to produce extra- ordinary results.\n\n\n\nExpertise\n\n\tTransformation / Modernization / Turn-Around of Denim Plants.\n\n\tNew project establishments related to textile (Fabrics).\n\n\tTurning around sick units into a profit-making center in India as well as Abroad.\n\n\tManufacturing wide range of fabrics for apparel and home furnishing for high end buyers and top brands.\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\n\tPresent\n\n\t\n\n\t\tOrganization: Mission Technical Textiles Pvt Ltd\n\n\tDesignation: Director\n\n\tDuration: Since December 2020\n\nSelf Employed - Working as a freelance technical consultant for GLG (Gerson Lehrman Group), Lynk Global, Third Bridge for market research & investment projects for textile industries.\n\nProduct Development & Sourcing of technical textiles & home textiles in wovens & knits for several companies in India & Abroad.\n\nMarketing & Technical Advisor for some manufacturers of reactive dyes & sizing chemicals.\n\nWith our company, Mission Technical Textiles Pvt Ltd, we give technical support & backup to produce technical textiles in knitted / woven based fabrics with further treatment i.e., coating, filling, lamination and thermal bonding. We assist to develop and produce these with enhanced physical properties of tearing and bursting strength along with enhancing the surface chemical properties like water proofing, moisture resistance, flame retardant, oil repellent, dust repellent. These fabrics can be used for various functional purposes like industrial usage, sports and footwear, luggage and military etc.\n\n\n\nPrevious\n\n\n\n\tOrganization: PT. Kahatex, Bandung, Indonesia Designation: Head of Operations (Denim Division) \n\n\tDuration: From Jan 2017 to Jan 2020\n\n\n\n\t\tI am implementing the concept of \u201cManufacturing Operational Excellence\u201d (getting the best out of) in our composite units (Fibre to Fabric) \u2013 including Spinning, Weaving, Processing, Quality Management, Target setting, PDCA cycle, Systems implementation and Monitoring, Skill development, Cost reduction, Water, Air and Energy Conservation etc. with an objective to get the best out of various operations involved/enhance performance and minimize cost.\n\n\t\tResponsible for the Transformation, Turnaround and Modernization of Denim division producing over 50 million mtrs fabric per annum.\n\n\t\tWe planned to upgrade and modernize the capacity by changing the machines with high speed latest technology European machines with improved quality, reducing cost of production and enhancing product development.\n\n\t\tWe are in the process of replacing 600 RIFA Rapier looms with ITEMA Rapier P9500 looms and Picanol Optimax looms along with installing latest technology humidification plant.\n\n\t\tWe are also replacing China make continuous finishing machines with Monfongs.\n\n\t\tInstalled Karl Mayer Sheet Dyeing cum Sizing, Locs Rope dying/Sizing and other latest technology sizing machines.\n\n\t\tStrengthening and updating the laboratory testing equipment\u2019s.\n\n\t\tContinuously improving yarn quality in spinning and quality of dying and preparation for weaving to enable the machines to run at high speed, give better quality and lower the cost of production.\n\n\t\tContinuously developing new products w.r.t. varieties of fiber/ blends/construction/ weaves/shades/ depth/ tones and finishes as per marketing requirements for domestic and international buyers.\n\n\n\nPAST EXPERIENCE\n\n\tOrganization: PT. Sri Rejeki Isman, Sukoharjo, Indonesia Designation: G.M.( Technical )\n\nDuration: From Dec 2014 to Dec 2017\n\n\n\n\t\tWas responsible for coordination between Marketing, PPC, Products development, Processing,Weaving and Spinning Divisions specially for new orders of Brands like, H&M , K Mart etc. and Military having 4 Processing units with all state of the art plant and machinery from Benninger, Monfost etc 9 weaving units consisting 7700 looms of various types and make i.e. Airjet, Rapier, Shuttle producing about 28 million meter of grey fabric per month mainly 100% Rayon, 100% Polyester, 100% Cotton and PV, TC blends.\n\n\t\tWe were manufacturing Camouflage fabric catering to military uniforms made in house for 40 countries and work wear for various purposes being exported to several countries. In our fashion division we are major supplier of garment to H&M, Jones, K- Mart etc.\n\n\t\tAfter joining there, in one-year time I was able to improve the performance level at every unit and various processes as per my previous assignments.\n\n\n\n\n\n\tOrganization: PT. Indo Hasasi Textiles, Bandung, Indonesia Designation: General Manager\n\nDuration: From Feb 2011 to Dec 2014\n\n\n\nTurned around the plant with a targeted annual capacity utilization averaging more than 85% in processing and 98% in weaving round the year. Developed new buyers with new product range of various fabrics currently in demand in the market to enhance marketing volume, realization and eventually the turnover and profitability.\n\n\n\nWas responsible to turn around the unit. Improved the performance of the unit with respect to:\n\n\n\n\t\tDeveloped new market segments in cotton fabric export\n\n\t\tStarted more articles and introduced new buyers for different products by strengthening product development and improving flexibility in the plant with respect to fiber, yarn, weave, construction of the fabrics. Switched over to produce sold goods instead of unsold goods. This is how we were able to reduce the stocks.\n\n\t\tImproved the quality of yarn through spinning, hence reducing warp and weft breakages and improving the quality of fabrics.\n\n\t\tImproved machine maintenance and reduced maintenance costs.\n\n\t\tReduced cost inputs i.e. chemicals and energy consumption by proper planning and balancing of the machines.\n\n\n\n\tOrganization: Spentex Tashkent Toytepa LLC. , Tashkent City (Republic of Uzbekistan) Designation: General Manager (Weaving)\n\nDuration: From Dec 2010 to Jan 2012\n\n\n\n\tResponsible for Operating the weaving & processing division of a composite Textile mill having 250 air jet looms\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\n\tOrganization: Mandhana Industries Ltd., Tarapur Designation: Head of Operations\n\nDuration: From Aug-2007 to Nov-2010\n\n\n\n\t\tSuccessfully started and streamlined their Green Field Project for high value cotton yarn dyed shirtings for high end brands.\n\n\t\tResponsible for efficient running of entire weaving plant manufacturing operation from raw material planning to fabric packing and ensuring on time deliveries. Managed dept.\u2019s from Total quality management, Production planning, and cost minimizing with innovative process optimizing in co-ordination with marketing, commercial, finance & accounting, costing, purchase store and HRD departments.\n\n\t\tManufactured fabrics for Armani, Marks and Spencers, Pepe Jeans, Gap, Hugo Boss, Tommy Hilfiger, Quicksilver, Rip curl etc.\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\n\tOrganization: Sarla Fabric Pvt. Ltd., Ghaziabad, A unit of SHAHI EXPORTS Designation: Head of Operations\n\nDuration: From Oct -2005 to Aug 2007\n\n\n\n\t\tTurned around the project & took leading and important role in the installation of the complete weaving project by backward integration of the existing continuous fabric processing unit from project planning, Machinery selections, Equipments ordering, plant layouts, Civil Works to Machine Erection & commissioning, Selection of product mix, Product Developments, Recruitments, Organization development and Streamlining the weaving process with the implementation of ISO 9001-2000 right from concept to productions.\n\n\t\tDuring implementation of weaving at SARLA FABRICS (SHAHI EXPORTS) I was instrumental and fully involved in rationalization of its processing right from grey fabric sourcing and streamlining the continuous dyeing having continuous wet chemical processing.\n\n\t\tManufactured fabrics for Gap, Target, Esprit, H & M, Walmart, JC Penney etc.\n\n\n\n\tOrganization: M/S P.T. Sunson Textiles, Bandung, Indonesia Designation: Head of Operations (Weaving)\n\nDuration: From May 2003 to Sept 2005\n\n\n\n\tManufacturing various fabrics in 100% cottons, blended And 100% Polyester fabrics on 200 Picanol and Toyota Air jet Looms. Responsible for productivity, quality and co-ordination of different departments for smooth working of the organization.\n\n\n\n\tOrganization: M/S Pushpsons Industries Ltd., Noida Designation: Unit Head\n\nDuration: From Sept-1998 to April 2003", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 9218, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4566c459-0c09-4c13-bb8f-4e6b45faa2fe": {"__data__": {"id_": "4566c459-0c09-4c13-bb8f-4e6b45faa2fe", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume D.N.Chaturvedi.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "892a2ce5-1dad-4756-97e4-eef3dbba7eb0", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume D.N.Chaturvedi.docx"}, "hash": "dab126067d415b3364d2f04bc1db46b495778541611768955818fc9942bbef4a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f0603697-7239-485d-a787-4484abe3a8ef", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume D.N.Chaturvedi.docx"}, "hash": "264645a3e646c8a14f53995b82865ab5032ee632207c6a324e0075f0d878e751", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Organization: M/S Pushpsons Industries Ltd., Noida Designation: Unit Head\n\nDuration: From Sept-1998 to April 2003\n\n\n\n\t\tManufacturing various made ups and home furnishing items i.e. Bed sheet sets, bed linens, mats, curtains, quilts, rugs etc. Having Tsudakoma Airjet weaving machines for cotton fabrics like sheeting\u2019s, poplins, drills etc. and Michel van-de-ville looms with jacquards for making tufted rugs and mats for exports. Started 100% E O U from conception stage, completed export obligation and got de-bonded.\n\n\n\n\tOrganization: M/S World Tex Ltd, Noida Designation: Head of Operations Duration: From July 1993 to Sept. 1998\n\n\n\n\t\tInstalled World Tex Ltd. a 100% E.O.U. cotton weaving unit at N.E.P.Z. Noida from civil construction stage and successfully run the unit as head of Production and works and completed export obligation. Product Range handled under Grey Fabrics was as follows: 100% Cotton fabrics like drills, Twills, Denim, Sheeting, Poplins, for Export. Received the award of \u201cHighest exporter in N.E.P.Z Noida\u201d rendered by ministry of commerce for the year 1994-1995.\n\n\n\nPERSONAL INFORMATION:\n\n\t\tDate of Birth\t: 01st July 1960\n\n\t\tMarital Status\t: Married\n\n\t\tNo of children\t: 2 sons\n\n\t\tLanguage known\t: Hindi, English, Bahasa Indonesia- Read, Write & Speak Gujarati, Marathi, Punjabi - Read and Speak\n\n\t\tPassport Number\t: Z 6458184\n\n\t\tPlace of Passport Issue\t: Ghaziabad\n\n\t\tDate of Passport Issue\t: 21/01/2022\n\n\t\tDate of Passport Expiry\t: 20/01/2032\n\n\n\nD.N.CHATURVEDI\n\n\n\n PAGE 3", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 9105, "end_char_idx": 10606, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "421bdc8b-6dba-4115-91ef-52d3ce3004a3": {"__data__": {"id_": "421bdc8b-6dba-4115-91ef-52d3ce3004a3", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume of Anisah Qory Fakhirah.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume of Anisah Qory Fakhirah.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "d7cc1752-cecd-4dd5-bfcc-1cea22bd95cd", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume of Anisah Qory Fakhirah.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume of Anisah Qory Fakhirah.pdf"}, "hash": "fd8246e994b2147174dc6da12c3f9d4ad8aa8872ae6f911d5118e28d48246295", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "# Anisah Qory Fakhirah\n\nSemarang, Indonesia | +62-822-6529-0447\n\nlinkedin.com/in/anisahqory | anisahqory@gmail.com | bit.ly/anisahqoryportfolio\n\n# EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n\nManagement graduate with strong academic achievements and practical experience in social media management, product development, and entrepreneurship. Skilled in data analysis, content creation, and client management, leading to notable follower growth and successful ventures. Active participation in organizational activities highlights adaptability and teamwork. Proficient in Indonesian and English, proficient with Google Workspace, Adobe Creative Suite, and diverse social media platforms.\n\nHard Skills: Management, Social Media Management, Marketing, Client Relations, Product Management\n\nSoft Skills: Communication, Creativity, Problem Solving, Collaboration, Adaptability\n\n# EDUCATION\n\nSebelas Maret University\n\nSurakarta, Indonesia\n\nBachelor\u2019s Degree, Management\n\nAugust 2019 \u2013 July 2023\n\n- GPA: 3.86/4.00\n- Honor: Cum Laude\n- Relevant Courseworks: Management (A), Managerial Simulation Practice (A), Strategic Management (A)\n\nRelevant Projects\n\nUser Experience Analysis on Hotel Booking Platform \u2018StayIn\u2019\nProduct Development Study of Batik Cakrawala (Batik Subscription Box)\nFeasibility Study of Lanting Bumbu An-Nur (Spiced Indonesian Cassava Snack)\nMSMEs Project Planning for D\u2019Pring Eatery and Catering Growp Strategy\nAnalysis of SME Strategy Planning at 99 Livery (Bus Livery Design Service)\nAnalysis of Cost of Goods Sold Calculation using Job Order Costing Mepod (Case Study at Dapur Nala)\n\nBinar Academy x Kampus Merdeka\n\nJakarta, Indonesia (Remote)\n\nProduct Management\n\nFebruary 2022 \u2013 July 2022\n\n- Grade: 5.00/5.00 (Hard Skill) & 4.80/5.00 (Soft Skill)\n- Honor: The Most Progressive Student Kampus Merdeka Batch 2\n- Relevant Coursework: Business, Technology, Data (4.80), User Centric Product (4.80)\n\nRelevant Projects\n\nProduct Development Study of StayIn (Hotel Booking Platform wip Membership Feature)\nProduct Discovery Study of Swara (Audio Platform wip Content Monetization Feature)\nProduct Development Study of Binar Academy\nComparative Analysis of Traveloka & Tiket.com\n\n# INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE\n\nPunya Link\n\nJakarta, Indonesia (Remote)\n\nSocial Media Specialist Intern\n\nJanuary 2022 \u2013 March 2022\n\n- Planned, created, designed, edited, and posted 55 contents (Reels, Story, Carousels) based on content calendar.\n- Analyzed performance data and prepared monthly reports with 110 key insights and trends.\n- Gained 3,635 new Instagram followers in 3 months and 771 new TikTok followers in 3 months.\n---\n# ENTREPRENEURIAL EXPERIENCE\n\n|Content Hundred|Semarang, Indonesia (Remote)|\n|---|---|\n|Owner of Content & Social Media Agency|October 2023 \u2013 February 2024|\n\n- Building agency offering Instagram Management with 30 days free trial to increase online presence of client.\n- Acquiring new clients, expanded the agency's client base, and oversaw the delivery of social media services.\n- Creating 200 contents for agency's social media profiles to showcase expertise and attract clients.\n- Monitoring 90 social media metrics and plan strategies for better results.\n\nClient Projects: Personal Brand Building of Brandon Hoffman (American Venture Capitalist)\n\n|Patternoia Indonesia|Semarang, Indonesia (Remote)|\n|---|---|\n|Owner of Design Studio|February 2020 \u2013 August 2021|\n\n- Collaborated with 6 small business owners and understood objectives on durations from 1 week to 1 year.\n- Ensured seamless client relationships from initial outreach, onboarding, and offboarding.\n- Created 305 social media contents including copywriting and hashtags resulted in 15 likes per client post.\n- Designed 5 branding elements, such as logo, mascot, and menu, to small businesses in various industries.\n\nClient Projects:\n\n- Social Media Design of Sprei Magenta (Bedding Supplies Business)\n- Content Creation of Eight Karats Indonesia (Beauty Supplement Business)\n- Menu and Social Media Design of Bobabiya (Bubble Tea Business)\n- Logo Design of Moodels (Woman Fashion Business)\n- Logo and Mascot Design of Delscious (Indonesian Snack Business)\n- Logo Design of Madana (Fashion Business)\n\n# ORGANIZATIONAL EXPERIENCE\n\n|Kelompok Studi Bengawan|Surakarta, Indonesia|\n|---|---|\n|Staff of Public Relation|April 2020 \u2013 February 2021|\n\nCreated 17 Instagram contents, focusing on press releases and mini-research for the organization.\nCollaborated with various departments, including research and human resources.\nWorked with the head of the public relations division to develop copy and ideas for designs and contents.\n\n|Investor Club FEB UNS|Surakarta, Indonesia|\n|---|---|\n|Intern of Multimedia|September 2019 \u2013 June 2020|\n\nCreated banner for Gala Dinner Event on Sebelas Maret Investment Championship 2020 with Big 14 finalists.\nDesigned template for Instagram post related with stock investments and recommendation.\nOrganized with internal teams to gather information needed for media activity.\n\n# AWARDS\n\n- 3rd Winner Team of StudentsxCEOs League 2022 IBL Case Challenge\n- Finalist (Top 10) of UNNES Business Competition 2021\n\n# OTHERS\n\nLanguages: Indonesia (Native), English (Intermediate with TOEFL ITP of 523/677)\n\nTools: Google Workspace (Sheets, Docs, Slides), Microsoft Office (Excel, Words, PowerPoint), Adobe Creative Suite (Illustrator, Photoshop, Premiere Pro, Lightroom), Notion, Trello, Instagram, TikTok, Canva, CapCut, InShot, Umso, Tilda", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 5417, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c21ed19c-da94-474d-a81d-5c3dca1003aa": {"__data__": {"id_": "c21ed19c-da94-474d-a81d-5c3dca1003aa", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Certificates/TRIA Aqueous Coated Paper DIN CERTCO Biobased Cert..pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Certificates/TRIA Aqueous Coated Paper DIN CERTCO Biobased Cert..pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "aff0e391-ace2-4cbb-ac7a-1de1f9d9c451", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Certificates/TRIA Aqueous Coated Paper DIN CERTCO Biobased Cert..pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Certificates/TRIA Aqueous Coated Paper DIN CERTCO Biobased Cert..pdf"}, "hash": "1c5b23365b19eec61971641efea439dbe80ba82ffe253e1b5a40d0ed788715c3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "CERTIFICATE\n\n|Certificate holder|TRIA Pte Ltd|\n|---|---|\n| |67 AYER RAJAH CRESCENT|\n| |SINGAPORE 139950|\n| |SINGAPORE|\n|Product|Biobased products|\n|Type, Model|Aqueous Dispersion Coated Paper 310 gsm|\n|Testing basis|ASTM D 6866:2022|\n| |Certification scheme - Biobased products (2020-05)|\n|Mark of conformity|1DIN|\n| |Gepruft|\n|Registration No.|8C336|\n|Valid until|2029-04-30|\n|Right of use|This certificate entitles the holder to use the mark of conformity shown above in conjunction with the specified registration number.|\n| |See annex for further information.|\n| |2023-04-21|\n\nDAkkS Dr. Ina F\u00f6rster DIN\n\nDeutsche Certification Body\n\nAkkreditierungsstelle\n\nD-ZE-11125-01-01\n\nDIN CERTCO Gesellschaft fur Konformitatsbewertung mbH Alboinstrale 56 D-12103 Berlin WWW dincertco.de\n---\n# Certificate 8C336 dated 2023-04-21\n\nTechnical Data\n\nCharacterisation: Aqueous Dispersion Coated Paper (310 gsm)\n\nBiobased Carbon Content: 100% (TOC)\n\nVolatile solids (organic matter): 96%\n\nTesting laboratory/Inspection body\n\nBAW Pr\u00fcflabor T\u00dcV Rheinland\n\nAlboinstr. 56\n\n12103 Berlin\n\nGERMANY\n\nTest report(s)\n\n0-3-21-BAW-23/2023-03-31/BAW Pr\u00fcflabor T\u00dcV Rheinland", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 1146, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2af0f75f-e5f3-4fae-9f29-41bae9949bff": {"__data__": {"id_": "2af0f75f-e5f3-4fae-9f29-41bae9949bff", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Certificates/TRIA NEUTRIA\u00ae Molding Types DIN CERTCO Biobased Cert..pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Certificates/TRIA NEUTRIA\u00ae Molding Types DIN CERTCO Biobased Cert..pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "6727c27d-1572-41b3-bc44-38259be3a774", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Certificates/TRIA NEUTRIA\u00ae Molding Types DIN CERTCO Biobased Cert..pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Certificates/TRIA NEUTRIA\u00ae Molding Types DIN CERTCO Biobased Cert..pdf"}, "hash": "ca3fcd947e9b60462843999f58b592120fd6d212274e5092155f5db0a4cafc47", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "CERTIFICATE\n\n|Certificate holder|TRIA Pte Ltd|\n|---|---|\n| |67 AYER RAJAH CRESCENT|\n| |SINGAPORE 139950|\n| |SINGAPORE|\n|Product|Biobased products|\n|Type, Model|NEUTRIA\u24c7 2011/2021/3011/7011|\n|Testing basis|ASTM D 6866:2022|\n| |Certification scheme - Biobased products (2020-05)|\n|Mark of conformity|1DIN|\n| |Geprift|\n|Registration No.|8C335|\n|Valid until|2029-04-30|\n|Right of use|This certificate entitles the holder to use the mark of conformity shown above in conjunction with the specified registration number.|\n| |See annex for further information.|\n| |2023-04-21|\n|DAkkS|Dr. Ina F\u00f6rster|\n| |DIN Certification Body|\n| |Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle|\n| |D-ZE-11125-01-01|\n\nDIN CERTCO Gesellschaft fur Konformitatsbewertung mbH Alboinstrale 56 D-12103 Berlin WWW dincertco.de\n---\n# ANNEX\n\nPage 1 of 1\n\nCertificate\n8C335\ndated 2023-04-21\n\n# Technical Data\n\nCharacterisation: Compounds, Resin (Pellets)\n\nBiobased Carbon Content: 100 % (TOC)\n\nVolatile solids (organic matter): 100 %\n\nTesting laboratory/Inspection body\n\nBAW Pr\u00fcflabor T\u00dcV Rheinland\n\nAlboinstr. 56\n\n12103 Berlin\n\nGERMANY\n\nTest report(s)\n\n0-3-21-BAW-23/2023-03-31/BAW Pr\u00fcflabor T\u00dcV Rheinland", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 1155, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3c28d204-6963-4733-9647-dc97a05689ed": {"__data__": {"id_": "3c28d204-6963-4733-9647-dc97a05689ed", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "hash": "585fa74dbf185bef845931319212c26dc91ea2749c14dc2052892e6bd3ba2a23", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f9810544-3c78-423b-89ca-2cfc88beeace", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "38561754af986d35678c3dda3a983e478a85d056f7579e08aa2e6db2280ab9a7", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "catalyzo ThL INNOvATION OONQULTANTC\n\nCatalyze Eurostars 2023 How to draft the perfect proposal\n\nProgramme insights, conditions & submission tips\n\nBuilding a winning consortium, drafting the perfect proposal\n\nWinning projects\n\ninfo@catalyze-group.com\n+31 20 723 44 00\nwww.catalyze-group.com\n---\n# Table of Contents\n\n|1. Introduction to Eurostars|3|\n|---|---|\n|2. Eurostars in a nutshell|4|\n|3. Insights from our Managing Consultant & Eurostars expert|5|\n|4. Who can participate?|6|\n|5. Funding Conditions|7|\n|6. Building a Winning Consortium|8|\n|7. Writing a High-Quality Proposal|10|\n|8. Submission Tips|12|\n|9. Your funding has been granted! What\u2019s next?|14|\n|10. Case studies|15|\n---\n| |1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|About Eurostars|Introduction|Introduction|Introduction|Introduction|Introduction|Introduction|Introduction|Introduction|Introduction|Introduction|\n|What is the Eureka Eurostars Programme?|Facts & figures|Facts & figures|Facts & figures|Facts & figures|Facts & figures|Facts & figures|Facts & figures|Facts & figures|Facts & figures|Facts & figures|\n|Eureka Eurostars, often called Eurostars, is the only European funding programme that is solely dedicated to supporting early-stage R&D-performing companies, including start-ups. It is a consortium programme that welcomes international collaborations, mainly between small companies and academic researchers.|Eurostars in numbers (Since 2014)|Eurostars in numbers (Since 2014)|Eurostars in numbers (Since 2014)|Eurostars in numbers (Since 2014)|Eurostars in numbers (Since 2014)|Eurostars in numbers (Since 2014)|Eurostars in numbers (Since 2014)|Eurostars in numbers (Since 2014)|Eurostars in numbers (Since 2014)|Eurostars in numbers (Since 2014)|\n|Eurostars is a joint programme between EUREKA and the European Commission, co-funded from the national budgets of 37 Eurostars Participating States and Partner Countries, and by the European Union through Horizon Europe.|3-4 Partners per project \u20ac1.75BN Funding awarded|3-4 Partners per project \u20ac1.75BN Funding awarded|3-4 Partners per project \u20ac1.75BN Funding awarded|3-4 Partners per project \u20ac1.75BN Funding awarded|3-4 Partners per project \u20ac1.75BN Funding awarded|3-4 Partners per project \u20ac1.75BN Funding awarded|3-4 Partners per project \u20ac1.75BN Funding awarded|3-4 Partners per project \u20ac1.75BN Funding awarded|3-4 Partners per project \u20ac1.75BN Funding awarded|3-4 Partners per project \u20ac1.75BN Funding awarded|\n|The specific rules and regulations for applicants differ for each country. In each case they are set by the respective National Contact Point (NCP).|70% Of participants are SMEs 1229 Projects funded|70% Of participants are SMEs 1229 Projects funded|70% Of participants are SMEs 1229 Projects funded|70% Of participants are SMEs 1229 Projects funded|70% Of participants are SMEs 1229 Projects funded|70% Of participants are SMEs 1229 Projects funded|70% Of participants are SMEs 1229 Projects funded|70% Of participants are SMEs 1229 Projects funded|70% Of participants are SMEs 1229 Projects funded|70% Of participants are SMEs 1229 Projects funded|\n| |2-3 Average countries per project 1229 Overall Eureka success rate|2-3 Average countries per project 1229 Overall Eureka success rate|2-3 Average countries per project 1229 Overall Eureka success rate|2-3 Average countries per project 1229 Overall Eureka success rate|2-3 Average countries per project 1229 Overall Eureka success rate|2-3 Average countries per project 1229 Overall Eureka success rate|2-3 Average countries per project 1229 Overall Eureka success rate|2-3 Average countries per project 1229 Overall Eureka success rate|2-3 Average countries per project 1229 Overall Eureka success rate|2-3 Average countries per project 1229 Overall Eureka success rate|\n---\n# Summary\n\nEurostars in a nutshell\n\nThe focus of the Eurostars programme is on collaborative international early-stage R&D projects working on a marketable product, process or service.\n\nEurostars supports the first three years of development of marketable innovative products, processes and services that address global markets to help improve the daily lives of people around the world.\n\nA Eurostars project can address any technological area for any market, but must have a civilian purpose and be aimed at the development of a new product, process or service. Eurostars has two submission deadlines per year, typically one in spring and one in autumn.\n\n|Summary & deadlines:|\n|---|\n|Subsidy:|Country-specific. For NL \u20ac500,000|\n|Project duration:|Max. 3 years|\n|Deadline:|13 April 2023|\n|Funding rate:|Country-specific. For NL max. 50%|\n---\n# Insights 2023\n\nInsights from our Managing Consultant & Eurostars expert\n\n|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|\"2022 was a brilliant year for Eurostars at Catalyze. We submitted both the number 1 ranked projects Europe-wide, with one coming from our Life Sciences department \u2013 Praxa Sense, and one from our Green & Sustainable Innovations department \u2013 Cellcius, in addition to many more successful submissions.|\"2022 was a brilliant year for Eurostars at Catalyze. We submitted both the number 1 ranked projects Europe-wide, with one coming from our Life Sciences department \u2013 Praxa Sense, and one from our Green & Sustainable Innovations department \u2013 Cellcius, in addition to many more successful submissions.|\"2022 was a brilliant year for Eurostars at Catalyze. We submitted both the number 1 ranked projects Europe-wide, with one coming from our Life Sciences department \u2013 Praxa Sense, and one from our Green & Sustainable Innovations department \u2013 Cellcius, in addition to many more successful submissions.|\"2022 was a brilliant year for Eurostars at Catalyze. We submitted both the number 1 ranked projects Europe-wide, with one coming from our Life Sciences department \u2013 Praxa Sense, and one from our Green & Sustainable Innovations department \u2013 Cellcius, in addition to many more successful submissions.|\"2022 was a brilliant year for Eurostars at Catalyze. We submitted both the number 1 ranked projects Europe-wide, with one coming from our Life Sciences department \u2013 Praxa Sense, and one from our Green & Sustainable Innovations department \u2013 Cellcius, in addition to many more successful submissions.|\"2022 was a brilliant year for Eurostars at Catalyze. We submitted both the number 1 ranked projects Europe-wide, with one coming from our Life Sciences department \u2013 Praxa Sense, and one from our Green & Sustainable Innovations department \u2013 Cellcius, in addition to many more successful submissions.|\"2022 was a brilliant year for Eurostars at Catalyze. We submitted both the number 1 ranked projects Europe-wide, with one coming from our Life Sciences department \u2013 Praxa Sense, and one from our Green & Sustainable Innovations department \u2013 Cellcius, in addition to many more successful submissions.|\"2022 was a brilliant year for Eurostars at Catalyze. We submitted both the number 1 ranked projects Europe-wide, with one coming from our Life Sciences department \u2013 Praxa Sense, and one from our Green & Sustainable Innovations department \u2013 Cellcius, in addition to many more successful submissions.|\"2022 was a brilliant year for Eurostars at Catalyze. We submitted both the number 1 ranked projects Europe-wide, with one coming from our Life Sciences department \u2013 Praxa Sense, and one from our Green & Sustainable Innovations department \u2013 Cellcius, in addition to many more successful submissions.|\"2022 was a brilliant year for Eurostars at Catalyze. We submitted both the number 1 ranked projects Europe-wide, with one coming from our Life Sciences department \u2013 Praxa Sense, and one from our Green & Sustainable Innovations department \u2013 Cellcius, in addition to many more successful submissions.|\n|We also saw how, since the new application template was introduced in November 2021 with a question on how you contribute to the SDGs, there is indeed a greater emphasis on project impact. Lastly, the program continues to become more competitive, with more applications submitted to every round. The key factors for success remain having a balanced consortium, strong business case, and a high degree of innovation.\"", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 8202, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f9810544-3c78-423b-89ca-2cfc88beeace": {"__data__": {"id_": "f9810544-3c78-423b-89ca-2cfc88beeace", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "hash": "585fa74dbf185bef845931319212c26dc91ea2749c14dc2052892e6bd3ba2a23", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3c28d204-6963-4733-9647-dc97a05689ed", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "hash": "e1c0a6885de38078691c5d912ae74bbd8370629af3442a26d4879609eba62346", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "17da159c-3ce3-4910-a1f5-44282bfa8c16", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "6bd00554527ab755022343bee18e2543c1c638b2ca119af362893ad0777b82b8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Lastly, the program continues to become more competitive, with more applications submitted to every round. The key factors for success remain having a balanced consortium, strong business case, and a high degree of innovation.\" - Evelyne Managing Consultant|We also saw how, since the new application template was introduced in November 2021 with a question on how you contribute to the SDGs, there is indeed a greater emphasis on project impact. Lastly, the program continues to become more competitive, with more applications submitted to every round. The key factors for success remain having a balanced consortium, strong business case, and a high degree of innovation.\" - Evelyne Managing Consultant|We also saw how, since the new application template was introduced in November 2021 with a question on how you contribute to the SDGs, there is indeed a greater emphasis on project impact. Lastly, the program continues to become more competitive, with more applications submitted to every round. The key factors for success remain having a balanced consortium, strong business case, and a high degree of innovation.\" - Evelyne Managing Consultant|We also saw how, since the new application template was introduced in November 2021 with a question on how you contribute to the SDGs, there is indeed a greater emphasis on project impact. Lastly, the program continues to become more competitive, with more applications submitted to every round. The key factors for success remain having a balanced consortium, strong business case, and a high degree of innovation.\" - Evelyne Managing Consultant|We also saw how, since the new application template was introduced in November 2021 with a question on how you contribute to the SDGs, there is indeed a greater emphasis on project impact. Lastly, the program continues to become more competitive, with more applications submitted to every round. The key factors for success remain having a balanced consortium, strong business case, and a high degree of innovation.\" - Evelyne Managing Consultant|We also saw how, since the new application template was introduced in November 2021 with a question on how you contribute to the SDGs, there is indeed a greater emphasis on project impact. Lastly, the program continues to become more competitive, with more applications submitted to every round. The key factors for success remain having a balanced consortium, strong business case, and a high degree of innovation.\" - Evelyne Managing Consultant|We also saw how, since the new application template was introduced in November 2021 with a question on how you contribute to the SDGs, there is indeed a greater emphasis on project impact. Lastly, the program continues to become more competitive, with more applications submitted to every round. The key factors for success remain having a balanced consortium, strong business case, and a high degree of innovation.\" - Evelyne Managing Consultant|We also saw how, since the new application template was introduced in November 2021 with a question on how you contribute to the SDGs, there is indeed a greater emphasis on project impact. Lastly, the program continues to become more competitive, with more applications submitted to every round. The key factors for success remain having a balanced consortium, strong business case, and a high degree of innovation.\" - Evelyne Managing Consultant|We also saw how, since the new application template was introduced in November 2021 with a question on how you contribute to the SDGs, there is indeed a greater emphasis on project impact. Lastly, the program continues to become more competitive, with more applications submitted to every round. The key factors for success remain having a balanced consortium, strong business case, and a high degree of innovation.\" - Evelyne Managing Consultant|We also saw how, since the new application template was introduced in November 2021 with a question on how you contribute to the SDGs, there is indeed a greater emphasis on project impact. Lastly, the program continues to become more competitive, with more applications submitted to every round. The key factors for success remain having a balanced consortium, strong business case, and a high degree of innovation.\" - Evelyne Managing Consultant|\n---\n# The profile\n\nWho can participate?\n\nEurostars is designed to support SMEs from Eureka member countries in their innovative projects. SMEs fitting the description of an innovative SME are eligible to lead a consortium.\n\nUniversities, research institutes, hospitals, and companies may be allowed to participate in some countries but they cannot be the main applicant of a Eurostars project.\n\nDo you meet the requirements of an innovative SME?\n\nInnovative SMEs should have the ambition to collaborate on R&D and innovation with foreign partners to develop new products, processes and services for European and global markets. Innovative SMEs do not need to have a proven track record of R&D activities.\n\n# EU definition of an SME:\n\n|Micro|Small|Medium|\n|---|---|---|\n|&lt; 10 employees|&lt; 50 employees|&lt; 250 employees|\n|&le; \u20ac2m turnover|&le; \u20ac10m turnover|&le; \u20ac50m turnover|\n|&le; \u20ac2m balance sheet total|&le; \u20ac10m balance sheet total|&le; \u20ac43m balance sheet total|\n---\n|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Project fit|Project fit|Project fit|Project fit|Project fit|Project fit|Project fit|Project fit|Project fit|Project fit|\n|Funding conditions|Funding conditions|Funding conditions|Funding conditions|Funding conditions|Funding conditions|Funding conditions|Funding conditions|Funding conditions|Funding conditions|\n|Most Eureka countries fund 50% of each applicant\u2019s project costs up to \u20ac0.5 million subsidy. A typical project with three SME partners could receive \u20ac1.5 million subsidy. Some countries fund a greater or a smaller portion of projects and the maximum funding amount may change too.|Most Eureka countries fund 50% of each applicant\u2019s project costs up to \u20ac0.5 million subsidy. A typical project with three SME partners could receive \u20ac1.5 million subsidy. Some countries fund a greater or a smaller portion of projects and the maximum funding amount may change too.|Most Eureka countries fund 50% of each applicant\u2019s project costs up to \u20ac0.5 million subsidy. A typical project with three SME partners could receive \u20ac1.5 million subsidy. Some countries fund a greater or a smaller portion of projects and the maximum funding amount may change too.|Most Eureka countries fund 50% of each applicant\u2019s project costs up to \u20ac0.5 million subsidy. A typical project with three SME partners could receive \u20ac1.5 million subsidy. Some countries fund a greater or a smaller portion of projects and the maximum funding amount may change too.|Most Eureka countries fund 50% of each applicant\u2019s project costs up to \u20ac0.5 million subsidy. A typical project with three SME partners could receive \u20ac1.5 million subsidy. Some countries fund a greater or a smaller portion of projects and the maximum funding amount may change too.|Most Eureka countries fund 50% of each applicant\u2019s project costs up to \u20ac0.5 million subsidy. A typical project with three SME partners could receive \u20ac1.5 million subsidy. Some countries fund a greater or a smaller portion of projects and the maximum funding amount may change too.|Most Eureka countries fund 50% of each applicant\u2019s project costs up to \u20ac0.5 million subsidy. A typical project with three SME partners could receive \u20ac1.5 million subsidy. Some countries fund a greater or a smaller portion of projects and the maximum funding amount may change too.|Most Eureka countries fund 50% of each applicant\u2019s project costs up to \u20ac0.5 million subsidy. A typical project with three SME partners could receive \u20ac1.5 million subsidy. Some countries fund a greater or a smaller portion of projects and the maximum funding amount may change too.|Most Eureka countries fund 50% of each applicant\u2019s project costs up to \u20ac0.5 million subsidy. A typical project with three SME partners could receive \u20ac1.5 million subsidy. Some countries fund a greater or a smaller portion of projects and the maximum funding amount may change too.|Most Eureka countries fund 50% of each applicant\u2019s project costs up to \u20ac0.5 million subsidy. A typical project with three SME partners could receive \u20ac1.5 million subsidy. Some countries fund a greater or a smaller portion of projects and the maximum funding amount may change too.|\n|In some countries, academic collaborators may be eligible for 100% funding. It is essential to be aware of the funding conditions in your, and your consortium partners\u2019, respective countries.|In some countries, academic collaborators may be eligible for 100% funding. It is essential to be aware of the funding conditions in your, and your consortium partners\u2019, respective countries.|In some countries, academic collaborators may be eligible for 100% funding. It is essential to be aware of the funding conditions in your, and your consortium partners\u2019, respective countries.|In some countries, academic collaborators may be eligible for 100% funding. It is essential to be aware of the funding conditions in your, and your consortium partners\u2019, respective countries.|In some countries, academic collaborators may be eligible for 100% funding. It is essential to be aware of the funding conditions in your, and your consortium partners\u2019, respective countries.|In some countries, academic collaborators may be eligible for 100% funding.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 7975, "end_char_idx": 17463, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "17da159c-3ce3-4910-a1f5-44282bfa8c16": {"__data__": {"id_": "17da159c-3ce3-4910-a1f5-44282bfa8c16", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "hash": "585fa74dbf185bef845931319212c26dc91ea2749c14dc2052892e6bd3ba2a23", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "f9810544-3c78-423b-89ca-2cfc88beeace", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "hash": "697e7d4509ca4d9b5b6390bb31258db247ebfd2684b74ee330dd8e79c4891312", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9eb20c0d-b7ec-472c-bf72-ce2daef7c864", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "78c251f953f95c651dbe26dac09cef00f7ef87a14e685c3001e29f386daabcc8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "It is essential to be aware of the funding conditions in your, and your consortium partners\u2019, respective countries.|In some countries, academic collaborators may be eligible for 100% funding. It is essential to be aware of the funding conditions in your, and your consortium partners\u2019, respective countries.|In some countries, academic collaborators may be eligible for 100% funding. It is essential to be aware of the funding conditions in your, and your consortium partners\u2019, respective countries.|In some countries, academic collaborators may be eligible for 100% funding. It is essential to be aware of the funding conditions in your, and your consortium partners\u2019, respective countries.|In some countries, academic collaborators may be eligible for 100% funding. It is essential to be aware of the funding conditions in your, and your consortium partners\u2019, respective countries.|In some countries, academic collaborators may be eligible for 100% funding. It is essential to be aware of the funding conditions in your, and your consortium partners\u2019, respective countries.|\n|Does your project fit with Eurostars?|Does your project fit with Eurostars?|Does your project fit with Eurostars?|Does your project fit with Eurostars?|Does your project fit with Eurostars?|Does your project fit with Eurostars?|Does your project fit with Eurostars?|Does your project fit with Eurostars?|Does your project fit with Eurostars?|Does your project fit with Eurostars?|\n|To determine whether your project fits the grant, consider the following questions:|To determine whether your project fits the grant, consider the following questions:|To determine whether your project fits the grant, consider the following questions:|To determine whether your project fits the grant, consider the following questions:|To determine whether your project fits the grant, consider the following questions:|To determine whether your project fits the grant, consider the following questions:|To determine whether your project fits the grant, consider the following questions:|To determine whether your project fits the grant, consider the following questions:|To determine whether your project fits the grant, consider the following questions:|To determine whether your project fits the grant, consider the following questions:|\n|\u2022 Is the funding offer what you are looking for?|\u2022 Is the funding offer what you are looking for?|\u2022 Is the funding offer what you are looking for?|\u2022 Is the funding offer what you are looking for?|\u2022 Is the funding offer what you are looking for?|\u2022 Is the funding offer what you are looking for?|\u2022 Is the funding offer what you are looking for?|\u2022 Is the funding offer what you are looking for?|\u2022 Is the funding offer what you are looking for?|\u2022 Is the funding offer what you are looking for?|\n|\u2022 Is your technology at TRL 4-6?|\u2022 Is your technology at TRL 4-6?|\u2022 Is your technology at TRL 4-6?|\u2022 Is your technology at TRL 4-6?|\u2022 Is your technology at TRL 4-6?|\u2022 Is your technology at TRL 4-6?|\u2022 Is your technology at TRL 4-6?|\u2022 Is your technology at TRL 4-6?|\u2022 Is your technology at TRL 4-6?|\u2022 Is your technology at TRL 4-6?|\n|\u2022 Is the budget sufficient to fund your project?|\u2022 Is the budget sufficient to fund your project?|\u2022 Is the budget sufficient to fund your project?|\u2022 Is the budget sufficient to fund your project?|\u2022 Is the budget sufficient to fund your project?|\u2022 Is the budget sufficient to fund your project?|\u2022 Is the budget sufficient to fund your project?|\u2022 Is the budget sufficient to fund your project?|\u2022 Is the budget sufficient to fund your project?|\u2022 Is the budget sufficient to fund your project?|\n|\u2022 Are you able to co-finance the amount of money required for this project?|\u2022 Are you able to co-finance the amount of money required for this project?|\u2022 Are you able to co-finance the amount of money required for this project?|\u2022 Are you able to co-finance the amount of money required for this project?|\u2022 Are you able to co-finance the amount of money required for this project?|\u2022 Are you able to co-finance the amount of money required for this project?|\u2022 Are you able to co-finance the amount of money required for this project?|\u2022 Are you able to co-finance the amount of money required for this project?|\u2022 Are you able to co-finance the amount of money required for this project?|\u2022 Are you able to co-finance the amount of money required for this project?|\n|\u2022 What are the eligible costs for the grant?|\u2022 What are the eligible costs for the grant?|\u2022 What are the eligible costs for the grant?|\u2022 What are the eligible costs for the grant?|\u2022 What are the eligible costs for the grant?|\u2022 What are the eligible costs for the grant?|\u2022 What are the eligible costs for the grant?|\u2022 What are the eligible costs for the grant?|\u2022 What are the eligible costs for the grant?|\u2022 What are the eligible costs for the grant?|\n|\u2022 Can you pay salaries, get equipment and consumables from the grant?|\u2022 Can you pay salaries, get equipment and consumables from the grant?|\u2022 Can you pay salaries, get equipment and consumables from the grant?|\u2022 Can you pay salaries, get equipment and consumables from the grant?|\u2022 Can you pay salaries, get equipment and consumables from the grant?|\u2022 Can you pay salaries, get equipment and consumables from the grant?|\u2022 Can you pay salaries, get equipment and consumables from the grant?|\u2022 Can you pay salaries, get equipment and consumables from the grant?|\u2022 Can you pay salaries, get equipment and consumables from the grant?|\u2022 Can you pay salaries, get equipment and consumables from the grant?|\n|\u2022 Are your overheads eligible for this specific funding opportunity?|\u2022 Are your overheads eligible for this specific funding opportunity?|\u2022 Are your overheads eligible for this specific funding opportunity?|\u2022 Are your overheads eligible for this specific funding opportunity?|\u2022 Are your overheads eligible for this specific funding opportunity?|\u2022 Are your overheads eligible for this specific funding opportunity?|\u2022 Are your overheads eligible for this specific funding opportunity?|\u2022 Are your overheads eligible for this specific funding opportunity?|\u2022 Are your overheads eligible for this specific funding opportunity?|\u2022 Are your overheads eligible for this specific funding opportunity?|\n|\u2022 Are you looking for an International collaboration?|\u2022 Are you looking for an International collaboration?|\u2022 Are you looking for an International collaboration?|\u2022 Are you looking for an International collaboration?|\u2022 Are you looking for an International collaboration?|\u2022 Are you looking for an International collaboration?|\u2022 Are you looking for an International collaboration?|\u2022 Are you looking for an International collaboration?|\u2022 Are you looking for an International collaboration?|\u2022 Are you looking for an International collaboration?|\n---\n# Consortium Building a Winning Consortium\n\nHaving a strong, complementary consortium that addresses the objectives and has the capacity to carry out the work is key for a winning proposal. Keep in mind that subcontractors cannot be consortium partners.\n\n|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Start on time|Most important: start on time! Getting the right people on board can be a lengthy and challenging process. Establishing a consortium is one thing, but managing all partners during the preparation phase and aligning their interests into one coherent project plan is harder.|Most important: start on time! Getting the right people on board can be a lengthy and challenging process. Establishing a consortium is one thing, but managing all partners during the preparation phase and aligning their interests into one coherent project plan is harder.|Most important: start on time! Getting the right people on board can be a lengthy and challenging process. Establishing a consortium is one thing, but managing all partners during the preparation phase and aligning their interests into one coherent project plan is harder.|Most important: start on time! Getting the right people on board can be a lengthy and challenging process. Establishing a consortium is one thing, but managing all partners during the preparation phase and aligning their interests into one coherent project plan is harder.|Most important: start on time! Getting the right people on board can be a lengthy and challenging process. Establishing a consortium is one thing, but managing all partners during the preparation phase and aligning their interests into one coherent project plan is harder.|Most important: start on time! Getting the right people on board can be a lengthy and challenging process. Establishing a consortium is one thing, but managing all partners during the preparation phase and aligning their interests into one coherent project plan is harder.|Most important: start on time! Getting the right people on board can be a lengthy and challenging process. Establishing a consortium is one thing, but managing all partners during the preparation phase and aligning their interests into one coherent project plan is harder.|Most important: start on time! Getting the right people on board can be a lengthy and challenging process. Establishing a consortium is one thing, but managing all partners during the preparation phase and aligning their interests into one coherent project plan is harder.|Most important: start on time!", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 17272, "end_char_idx": 26592, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9eb20c0d-b7ec-472c-bf72-ce2daef7c864": {"__data__": {"id_": "9eb20c0d-b7ec-472c-bf72-ce2daef7c864", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "hash": "585fa74dbf185bef845931319212c26dc91ea2749c14dc2052892e6bd3ba2a23", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "17da159c-3ce3-4910-a1f5-44282bfa8c16", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "hash": "4a15fc930ca629c3945a20efd157595dfe9e8d54a73d038248b78cd6c6e25f27", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e87f76d4-d8c9-43fa-9d77-6b65dd7e29ce", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "03d4b26e42d0ab38100428988078e3924dae10f4f684b2155c2a8d7aad3c3fc8", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Establishing a consortium is one thing, but managing all partners during the preparation phase and aligning their interests into one coherent project plan is harder.|Most important: start on time! Getting the right people on board can be a lengthy and challenging process. Establishing a consortium is one thing, but managing all partners during the preparation phase and aligning their interests into one coherent project plan is harder.|\n|Envision your ideal partners|A strong consortium has the following characteristics:|A strong consortium has the following characteristics:|A strong consortium has the following characteristics:|A strong consortium has the following characteristics:|A strong consortium has the following characteristics:|A strong consortium has the following characteristics:|A strong consortium has the following characteristics:|A strong consortium has the following characteristics:|A strong consortium has the following characteristics:|\n| |Complementary. Each partner should have a unique role and bring in a special, required expertise or technology to perform the proposed activities.|Complementary. Each partner should have a unique role and bring in a special, required expertise or technology to perform the proposed activities.|Complementary. Each partner should have a unique role and bring in a special, required expertise or technology to perform the proposed activities.|Complementary. Each partner should have a unique role and bring in a special, required expertise or technology to perform the proposed activities.|Complementary. Each partner should have a unique role and bring in a special, required expertise or technology to perform the proposed activities.|Complementary. Each partner should have a unique role and bring in a special, required expertise or technology to perform the proposed activities.|Complementary. Each partner should have a unique role and bring in a special, required expertise or technology to perform the proposed activities.|Complementary. Each partner should have a unique role and bring in a special, required expertise or technology to perform the proposed activities.|Complementary. Each partner should have a unique role and bring in a special, required expertise or technology to perform the proposed activities.|\n| |Interdisciplinary. To tackle outstanding challenges, collaborations need to connect viewpoints and knowledge. Going beyond a single discipline and combining partners from various disciplines is essential.|Interdisciplinary. To tackle outstanding challenges, collaborations need to connect viewpoints and knowledge. Going beyond a single discipline and combining partners from various disciplines is essential.|Interdisciplinary. To tackle outstanding challenges, collaborations need to connect viewpoints and knowledge. Going beyond a single discipline and combining partners from various disciplines is essential.|Interdisciplinary. To tackle outstanding challenges, collaborations need to connect viewpoints and knowledge. Going beyond a single discipline and combining partners from various disciplines is essential.|Interdisciplinary. To tackle outstanding challenges, collaborations need to connect viewpoints and knowledge. Going beyond a single discipline and combining partners from various disciplines is essential.|Interdisciplinary. To tackle outstanding challenges, collaborations need to connect viewpoints and knowledge. Going beyond a single discipline and combining partners from various disciplines is essential.|Interdisciplinary. To tackle outstanding challenges, collaborations need to connect viewpoints and knowledge. Going beyond a single discipline and combining partners from various disciplines is essential.|Interdisciplinary. To tackle outstanding challenges, collaborations need to connect viewpoints and knowledge. Going beyond a single discipline and combining partners from various disciplines is essential.|Interdisciplinary. To tackle outstanding challenges, collaborations need to connect viewpoints and knowledge. Going beyond a single discipline and combining partners from various disciplines is essential.|\n| |Geographically balanced. Partners from a range of European countries, including Eastern European countries.|Geographically balanced. Partners from a range of European countries, including Eastern European countries.|Geographically balanced. Partners from a range of European countries, including Eastern European countries.|Geographically balanced. Partners from a range of European countries, including Eastern European countries.|Geographically balanced. Partners from a range of European countries, including Eastern European countries.|Geographically balanced. Partners from a range of European countries, including Eastern European countries.|Geographically balanced. Partners from a range of European countries, including Eastern European countries.|Geographically balanced. Partners from a range of European countries, including Eastern European countries.|Geographically balanced. Partners from a range of European countries, including Eastern European countries.|\n| |Excellent. A strong consortium brings together the brightest minds in their respective fields and markets.|Excellent. A strong consortium brings together the brightest minds in their respective fields and markets.|Excellent. A strong consortium brings together the brightest minds in their respective fields and markets.|Excellent. A strong consortium brings together the brightest minds in their respective fields and markets.|Excellent. A strong consortium brings together the brightest minds in their respective fields and markets.|Excellent. A strong consortium brings together the brightest minds in their respective fields and markets.|Excellent. A strong consortium brings together the brightest minds in their respective fields and markets.|Excellent. A strong consortium brings together the brightest minds in their respective fields and markets.|Excellent. A strong consortium brings together the brightest minds in their respective fields and markets.|\n| |Synergy. The partners should not be able to complete the project without one another.|Synergy. The partners should not be able to complete the project without one another.|Synergy. The partners should not be able to complete the project without one another.|Synergy. The partners should not be able to complete the project without one another.|Synergy. The partners should not be able to complete the project without one another.|Synergy. The partners should not be able to complete the project without one another.|Synergy. The partners should not be able to complete the project without one another.|Synergy. The partners should not be able to complete the project without one another.|Synergy. The partners should not be able to complete the project without one another.|\n---\n|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|3. Identify the expertise that is required to bring your innovation to the next level|3. Identify the expertise that is required to bring your innovation to the next level|3. Identify the expertise that is required to bring your innovation to the next level|3. Identify the expertise that is required to bring your innovation to the next level|3. Identify the expertise that is required to bring your innovation to the next level|3. Identify the expertise that is required to bring your innovation to the next level|3. Identify the expertise that is required to bring your innovation to the next level|3. Identify the expertise that is required to bring your innovation to the next level|3. Identify the expertise that is required to bring your innovation to the next level|3. Identify the expertise that is required to bring your innovation to the next level|\n|Before you start contacting potential partners, make sure to identify all the different expertise required, and only then look for candidates to address each specific role. This will ensure you have a balanced consortium with all the complementary expertise to deliver results.|Before you start contacting potential partners, make sure to identify all the different expertise required, and only then look for candidates to address each specific role. This will ensure you have a balanced consortium with all the complementary expertise to deliver results.|Before you start contacting potential partners, make sure to identify all the different expertise required, and only then look for candidates to address each specific role. This will ensure you have a balanced consortium with all the complementary expertise to deliver results.|Before you start contacting potential partners, make sure to identify all the different expertise required, and only then look for candidates to address each specific role. This will ensure you have a balanced consortium with all the complementary expertise to deliver results.|Before you start contacting potential partners, make sure to identify all the different expertise required, and only then look for candidates to address each specific role. This will ensure you have a balanced consortium with all the complementary expertise to deliver results.|Before you start contacting potential partners, make sure to identify all the different expertise required, and only then look for candidates to address each specific role. This will ensure you have a balanced consortium with all the complementary expertise to deliver results.|Before you start contacting potential partners, make sure to identify all the different expertise required, and only then look for candidates to address each specific role. This will ensure you have a balanced consortium with all the complementary expertise to deliver results.|Before you start contacting potential partners, make sure to identify all the different expertise required, and only then look for candidates to address each specific role. This will ensure you have a balanced consortium with all the complementary expertise to deliver results.|Before you start contacting potential partners, make sure to identify all the different expertise required, and only then look for candidates to address each specific role. This will ensure you have a balanced consortium with all the complementary expertise to deliver results.|Before you start contacting potential partners, make sure to identify all the different expertise required, and only then look for candidates to address each specific role. This will ensure you have a balanced consortium with all the complementary expertise to deliver results.|\n|4. Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|4. Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|4. Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|4. Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|4. Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|4. Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|4. Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|4. Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|4. Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|4.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 26396, "end_char_idx": 37389, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e87f76d4-d8c9-43fa-9d77-6b65dd7e29ce": {"__data__": {"id_": "e87f76d4-d8c9-43fa-9d77-6b65dd7e29ce", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "hash": "585fa74dbf185bef845931319212c26dc91ea2749c14dc2052892e6bd3ba2a23", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9eb20c0d-b7ec-472c-bf72-ce2daef7c864", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "hash": "e40e12292ae8d5869f2d1a31841eb698afea8cc81a5c73ec1a84da002204032f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a399470b-eb05-44af-99fe-f7e38c3caecd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "cf819994707da60634b25abcd0271a07beaae807680d39de5f70dc00482b6cf4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|4. Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|4. Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|4. Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|4. Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|4. Make sure you fulfill eligibility criteria|\n|\u2022 A Eurostars consortium must consist of at least 2 independent partners from at least 2 different Eurostars countries.|\u2022 A Eurostars consortium must consist of at least 2 independent partners from at least 2 different Eurostars countries.|\u2022 A Eurostars consortium must consist of at least 2 independent partners from at least 2 different Eurostars countries.|\u2022 A Eurostars consortium must consist of at least 2 independent partners from at least 2 different Eurostars countries.|\u2022 A Eurostars consortium must consist of at least 2 independent partners from at least 2 different Eurostars countries.|\u2022 A Eurostars consortium must consist of at least 2 independent partners from at least 2 different Eurostars countries.|\u2022 A Eurostars consortium must consist of at least 2 independent partners from at least 2 different Eurostars countries.|\u2022 A Eurostars consortium must consist of at least 2 independent partners from at least 2 different Eurostars countries.|\u2022 A Eurostars consortium must consist of at least 2 independent partners from at least 2 different Eurostars countries.|\u2022 A Eurostars consortium must consist of at least 2 independent partners from at least 2 different Eurostars countries.|\n|\u2022 A Eurostars project must be coordinated by an innovative SME.|\u2022 A Eurostars project must be coordinated by an innovative SME.|\u2022 A Eurostars project must be coordinated by an innovative SME.|\u2022 A Eurostars project must be coordinated by an innovative SME.|\u2022 A Eurostars project must be coordinated by an innovative SME.|\u2022 A Eurostars project must be coordinated by an innovative SME.|\u2022 A Eurostars project must be coordinated by an innovative SME.|\u2022 A Eurostars project must be coordinated by an innovative SME.|\u2022 A Eurostars project must be coordinated by an innovative SME.|\u2022 A Eurostars project must be coordinated by an innovative SME.|\n|\u2022 Ensure that your potential partner is eligible to participate in Eurostars by reading the country-specific eligibility information.|\u2022 Ensure that your potential partner is eligible to participate in Eurostars by reading the country-specific eligibility information.|\u2022 Ensure that your potential partner is eligible to participate in Eurostars by reading the country-specific eligibility information.|\u2022 Ensure that your potential partner is eligible to participate in Eurostars by reading the country-specific eligibility information.|\u2022 Ensure that your potential partner is eligible to participate in Eurostars by reading the country-specific eligibility information.|\u2022 Ensure that your potential partner is eligible to participate in Eurostars by reading the country-specific eligibility information.|\u2022 Ensure that your potential partner is eligible to participate in Eurostars by reading the country-specific eligibility information.|\u2022 Ensure that your potential partner is eligible to participate in Eurostars by reading the country-specific eligibility information.|\u2022 Ensure that your potential partner is eligible to participate in Eurostars by reading the country-specific eligibility information.|\u2022 Ensure that your potential partner is eligible to participate in Eurostars by reading the country-specific eligibility information.|\n|\u2022 Encourage each of your partners to contact their National Contact Points (NCPs) to guarantee eligibility and obtain additional information on relevant eligibility requirements. Financial eligibility is an important criteria for Eurostars and needs to be discussed with the corresponding NCPs beforehand.|\u2022 Encourage each of your partners to contact their National Contact Points (NCPs) to guarantee eligibility and obtain additional information on relevant eligibility requirements. Financial eligibility is an important criteria for Eurostars and needs to be discussed with the corresponding NCPs beforehand.|\u2022 Encourage each of your partners to contact their National Contact Points (NCPs) to guarantee eligibility and obtain additional information on relevant eligibility requirements. Financial eligibility is an important criteria for Eurostars and needs to be discussed with the corresponding NCPs beforehand.|\u2022 Encourage each of your partners to contact their National Contact Points (NCPs) to guarantee eligibility and obtain additional information on relevant eligibility requirements. Financial eligibility is an important criteria for Eurostars and needs to be discussed with the corresponding NCPs beforehand.|\u2022 Encourage each of your partners to contact their National Contact Points (NCPs) to guarantee eligibility and obtain additional information on relevant eligibility requirements. Financial eligibility is an important criteria for Eurostars and needs to be discussed with the corresponding NCPs beforehand.|\u2022 Encourage each of your partners to contact their National Contact Points (NCPs) to guarantee eligibility and obtain additional information on relevant eligibility requirements. Financial eligibility is an important criteria for Eurostars and needs to be discussed with the corresponding NCPs beforehand.|\u2022 Encourage each of your partners to contact their National Contact Points (NCPs) to guarantee eligibility and obtain additional information on relevant eligibility requirements. Financial eligibility is an important criteria for Eurostars and needs to be discussed with the corresponding NCPs beforehand.|\u2022 Encourage each of your partners to contact their National Contact Points (NCPs) to guarantee eligibility and obtain additional information on relevant eligibility requirements. Financial eligibility is an important criteria for Eurostars and needs to be discussed with the corresponding NCPs beforehand.|\u2022 Encourage each of your partners to contact their National Contact Points (NCPs) to guarantee eligibility and obtain additional information on relevant eligibility requirements. Financial eligibility is an important criteria for Eurostars and needs to be discussed with the corresponding NCPs beforehand.|\u2022 Encourage each of your partners to contact their National Contact Points (NCPs) to guarantee eligibility and obtain additional information on relevant eligibility requirements. Financial eligibility is an important criteria for Eurostars and needs to be discussed with the corresponding NCPs beforehand.|\n|\u2022 All consortium partners must submit their last 2 financial reports. If they only have 1 or if they have not closed a financial year yet, they must submit a complete business plan. If this is the case, keep in mind that submitting an investor business plan with financial planning is an advantage|\u2022 All consortium partners must submit their last 2 financial reports. If they only have 1 or if they have not closed a financial year yet, they must submit a complete business plan. If this is the case, keep in mind that submitting an investor business plan with financial planning is an advantage|\u2022 All consortium partners must submit their last 2 financial reports. If they only have 1 or if they have not closed a financial year yet, they must submit a complete business plan. If this is the case, keep in mind that submitting an investor business plan with financial planning is an advantage|\u2022 All consortium partners must submit their last 2 financial reports. If they only have 1 or if they have not closed a financial year yet, they must submit a complete business plan. If this is the case, keep in mind that submitting an investor business plan with financial planning is an advantage|\u2022 All consortium partners must submit their last 2 financial reports. If they only have 1 or if they have not closed a financial year yet, they must submit a complete business plan. If this is the case, keep in mind that submitting an investor business plan with financial planning is an advantage|\u2022 All consortium partners must submit their last 2 financial reports. If they only have 1 or if they have not closed a financial year yet, they must submit a complete business plan. If this is the case, keep in mind that submitting an investor business plan with financial planning is an advantage|\u2022 All consortium partners must submit their last 2 financial reports. If they only have 1 or if they have not closed a financial year yet, they must submit a complete business plan. If this is the case, keep in mind that submitting an investor business plan with financial planning is an advantage|\u2022 All consortium partners must submit their last 2 financial reports. If they only have 1 or if they have not closed a financial year yet, they must submit a complete business plan. If this is the case, keep in mind that submitting an investor business plan with financial planning is an advantage|\u2022 All consortium partners must submit their last 2 financial reports. If they only have 1 or if they have not closed a financial year yet, they must submit a complete business plan. If this is the case, keep in mind that submitting an investor business plan with financial planning is an advantage|\u2022 All consortium partners must submit their last 2 financial reports. If they only have 1 or if they have not closed a financial year yet, they must submit a complete business plan.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 37160, "end_char_idx": 46546, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a399470b-eb05-44af-99fe-f7e38c3caecd": {"__data__": {"id_": "a399470b-eb05-44af-99fe-f7e38c3caecd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "hash": "585fa74dbf185bef845931319212c26dc91ea2749c14dc2052892e6bd3ba2a23", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "e87f76d4-d8c9-43fa-9d77-6b65dd7e29ce", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "hash": "8fd8275200d94517337d9c055a5aa1dee96aa02b7d8aea8052c6487c314e76a6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a3f0211f-ac45-4eb6-8f16-bb41dcd12eb8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "edd982438498ef7751f6331615b2c8579ea3a09ec1e0b126f4846dce2c9b9524", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "If they only have 1 or if they have not closed a financial year yet, they must submit a complete business plan. If this is the case, keep in mind that submitting an investor business plan with financial planning is an advantage|\n|Please note:|Please note:|Please note:|Please note:|Please note:|Please note:|Please note:|Please note:|Please note:|Please note:|\n|The budget of the SMEs from Eurostars countries, excluding subcontracting, is 50% or more of the total project cost.|The budget of the SMEs from Eurostars countries, excluding subcontracting, is 50% or more of the total project cost.|The budget of the SMEs from Eurostars countries, excluding subcontracting, is 50% or more of the total project cost.|The budget of the SMEs from Eurostars countries, excluding subcontracting, is 50% or more of the total project cost.|The budget of the SMEs from Eurostars countries, excluding subcontracting, is 50% or more of the total project cost.|The budget of the SMEs from Eurostars countries, excluding subcontracting, is 50% or more of the total project cost.|The budget of the SMEs from Eurostars countries, excluding subcontracting, is 50% or more of the total project cost.|The budget of the SMEs from Eurostars countries, excluding subcontracting, is 50% or more of the total project cost.|The budget of the SMEs from Eurostars countries, excluding subcontracting, is 50% or more of the total project cost.|The budget of the SMEs from Eurostars countries, excluding subcontracting, is 50% or more of the total project cost.|\n---\n# Writing a High-Quality Proposal\n\nYou and your consortium are now ready to write a high-quality proposal. With these tips you will successfully make it to the finish line:\n\n- Develop a convincing business case\n- Before you start writing it is important to develop a business case. Having this prepared before you begin writing will enable you to best shape your proposal with the correct writing style.\n- Be clear and concise\n- While this is important for all writing tasks, it carries an additional weight in Eurostars as each section has a word limit. You must be clear, to the point, convincing, and present sufficient detail in the space you are given.\n- How do you write down exactly what you mean? First, start each paragraph with the conclusion of that idea. Second, following this conclusion, focus on writing sentences that support the conclusion only. Then apply the same steps to the rest of the proposal to ensure concise writing.\n- Writing style\n- Compared to more scientific grants, Eurostars has a strong business focus. Treat the Eurostars proposal as a pitch: Sell, do not tell. It is important to adopt a business plan writing style that addresses the business aspects of the R&D project and avoids too much technical jargon.\n---\n# Visuals\n\nGiven the form-like format of Eurostars, you cannot include figures in the text. Instead, you are allowed to submit a 10-page annex that can include figures and letters of support. Make sure to create clear supporting figures illustrating concepts, timelines etc. Do not forget to number your figures and refer to these in your text.\n\nMinimize the time the reviewer spends on reading\n\nConsider that reviewers must go through many proposals. Get straight to the point. Is it necessary to explain a medical problem in detail if everybody already knows that cardiovascular diseases are deadly? Knowing what to cut out and what to elaborate on is vital.\n\nDid you know?\n\nIn both rounds in 2022, Catalyze supported the number 1 ranked Eurostars projects in Europe.\n\nUse the text formatting options in the portalTip from Catalyze:#1\n\nTo structure your proposal when you start writing.\n---\n# Review\n\nSubmission Tips\n\nThe Eurostars proposal is composed of several sections, each with a different word limit. The proposal is entered into the portal in dedicated sections in a text box with limited formatting options. You need to have prepared what to fill in beforehand.\n\nIn order to submit, all sections must be marked as complete. While generally changes and edits to text will be automatically saved, clicking submit will only be allowed once 100% of the proposal is marked complete. This includes all sections of all partner accounts as well.\n\nNote: Budgets need to be marked as complete every time they are opened even if changes are not made.\n\nWith the new program, some documents that were previously required after submission are now required at submission. These include an SME self-assessment (all SME partners) and the Commitment and Signature form (all partners).\n---\nSubmit on time\n\nThe application process can become overwhelming. Efforts to align the proposed work plan and collect all required documentation can take significant time and effort. As an applicant, it is easy to underestimate the time needed for the portal preparation and project submission. Plan to have a final version of text and all documentation 4-5 days before the deadline.\n\nKeep in mind that on the day of the deadline, portals are often overloaded with applications resulting in slow processing and sub-optimal functioning of the website. The best way to avoid missing your deadline is to submit at least 48 hours before the deadline.\n\nKeep in mind that, once you have submitted your proposal with all the sections filled in, you cannot edit it anymore. To re-submit, you will need to create a new project and fill in the entire portal again. Make sure to carefully double-check everything and submit your final proposal.\n\nGet funding, make impact! Writing a high-quality proposal takes time. And so does choosing the right funding opportunity, reading a call text and building a consortium. But keep in mind, the rewards are high. They will take your projects to the next level.\n---\nFunding granted\n\nWhat\u2019s next?\n\nCongratulations! You have been awarded a Eurostars grant. Before you can start to work on the project you have to obtain an ethics clearance and finish the last preparation steps of the Consortium Agreement. This phase must be finished within a strict timeframe set out by the European Commission (EC).\n\nDuring this phase, you must provide necessary documentation and finish the consortium agreement document. This consists of the formal agreements between the EC and the project consortium, the timelines and budget of the project and the description of the action.\n\nManaging your project\n\nOnce your project is running, successfully managing your project comes down to these three key elements: communication, reporting, and issue resolution.\n\nThe Catalyze Project Management Team can be your strategic partner in running a successful Eurostars project. We provide structure, regulatory expertise, and a direct communicative link from the kick-off meeting to the final report.\n\nSometimes things don\u2019t go according to plan. We understand that your original project plan might not always fit in the less-than-predictable world of research. We can work with you to navigate the rules and regulations around change requests and no-cost extensions and to produce the best solution.\n\nContact us\n\nWant to learn more? Contact us!\n\n|info@catalyze-group.com|+31 20 723 44 00|catalyze-group.com|\n|---|---|---|\n|Catalyze| |Catalyze|\n---\n|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Successful cases Discover how we help companies secure Eurostars funding|Successful cases Discover how we help companies secure Eurostars funding|Successful cases Discover how we help companies secure Eurostars funding|Successful cases Discover how we help companies secure Eurostars funding|Successful cases Discover how we help companies secure Eurostars funding|Successful cases Discover how we help companies secure Eurostars funding|Successful cases Discover how we help companies secure Eurostars funding|Successful cases Discover how we help companies secure Eurostars funding|Successful cases Discover how we help companies secure Eurostars funding|Successful cases Discover how we help companies secure Eurostars funding|\n|\"Working with Catalyze has been a great experience. The high quality that was promised upfront has really been delivered.\" - Evert Rietdijk, CEO of Cellcius, leaders of 2022 Read more #1 ranked LOSS-FREE HEAT project|\"Working with Catalyze has been a great experience. The high quality that was promised upfront has really been delivered.\" - Evert Rietdijk, CEO of Cellcius, leaders of 2022 Read more #1 ranked LOSS-FREE HEAT project|\"Working with Catalyze has been a great experience. The high quality that was promised upfront has really been delivered.\" - Evert Rietdijk, CEO of Cellcius, leaders of 2022 Read more #1 ranked LOSS-FREE HEAT project|\"Working with Catalyze has been a great experience. The high quality that was promised upfront has really been delivered.\" - Evert Rietdijk, CEO of Cellcius, leaders of 2022 Read more #1 ranked LOSS-FREE HEAT project|\"Working with Catalyze has been a great experience. The high quality that was promised upfront has really been delivered.\" - Evert Rietdijk, CEO of Cellcius, leaders of 2022 Read more #1 ranked LOSS-FREE HEAT project|\"Working with Catalyze has been a great experience. The high quality that was promised upfront has really been delivered.\"", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 46435, "end_char_idx": 55660, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a3f0211f-ac45-4eb6-8f16-bb41dcd12eb8": {"__data__": {"id_": "a3f0211f-ac45-4eb6-8f16-bb41dcd12eb8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "hash": "585fa74dbf185bef845931319212c26dc91ea2749c14dc2052892e6bd3ba2a23", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a399470b-eb05-44af-99fe-f7e38c3caecd", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}, "hash": "548ed0ae7bfc7e1916443564694e034d47d8931c8539fa236ce8970540c05309", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The high quality that was promised upfront has really been delivered.\" - Evert Rietdijk, CEO of Cellcius, leaders of 2022 Read more #1 ranked LOSS-FREE HEAT project|\"Working with Catalyze has been a great experience. The high quality that was promised upfront has really been delivered.\" - Evert Rietdijk, CEO of Cellcius, leaders of 2022 Read more #1 ranked LOSS-FREE HEAT project|\"Working with Catalyze has been a great experience. The high quality that was promised upfront has really been delivered.\" - Evert Rietdijk, CEO of Cellcius, leaders of 2022 Read more #1 ranked LOSS-FREE HEAT project|\"Working with Catalyze has been a great experience. The high quality that was promised upfront has really been delivered.\" - Evert Rietdijk, CEO of Cellcius, leaders of 2022 Read more #1 ranked LOSS-FREE HEAT project|\"Working with Catalyze has been a great experience. The high quality that was promised upfront has really been delivered.\" - Evert Rietdijk, CEO of Cellcius, leaders of 2022 Read more #1 ranked LOSS-FREE HEAT project|\n|\"Catalyze is a strong partner in bringing grants to success. We have never experienced a more guided and structured team than this before.\" - Liselotte Stolk, Co-founder and COO of Praxa Sense, leaders of 2022 #1 ranked AMBULAS|\"Catalyze is a strong partner in bringing grants to success. We have never experienced a more guided and structured team than this before.\" - Liselotte Stolk, Co-founder and COO of Praxa Sense, leaders of 2022 #1 ranked AMBULAS|\"Catalyze is a strong partner in bringing grants to success. We have never experienced a more guided and structured team than this before.\" - Liselotte Stolk, Co-founder and COO of Praxa Sense, leaders of 2022 #1 ranked AMBULAS|\"Catalyze is a strong partner in bringing grants to success. We have never experienced a more guided and structured team than this before.\" - Liselotte Stolk, Co-founder and COO of Praxa Sense, leaders of 2022 #1 ranked AMBULAS|\"Catalyze is a strong partner in bringing grants to success. We have never experienced a more guided and structured team than this before.\" - Liselotte Stolk, Co-founder and COO of Praxa Sense, leaders of 2022 #1 ranked AMBULAS|\"Catalyze is a strong partner in bringing grants to success. We have never experienced a more guided and structured team than this before.\" - Liselotte Stolk, Co-founder and COO of Praxa Sense, leaders of 2022 #1 ranked AMBULAS|\"Catalyze is a strong partner in bringing grants to success. We have never experienced a more guided and structured team than this before.\" - Liselotte Stolk, Co-founder and COO of Praxa Sense, leaders of 2022 #1 ranked AMBULAS|\"Catalyze is a strong partner in bringing grants to success. We have never experienced a more guided and structured team than this before.\" - Liselotte Stolk, Co-founder and COO of Praxa Sense, leaders of 2022 #1 ranked AMBULAS|\"Catalyze is a strong partner in bringing grants to success. We have never experienced a more guided and structured team than this before.\" - Liselotte Stolk, Co-founder and COO of Praxa Sense, leaders of 2022 #1 ranked AMBULAS|\"Catalyze is a strong partner in bringing grants to success. We have never experienced a more guided and structured team than this before.\" - Liselotte Stolk, Co-founder and COO of Praxa Sense, leaders of 2022 #1 ranked AMBULAS|\n|\"It is a privilege to have a company like Catalyze to support throughout the process.\" - Stine M\u00f8lgaard S\u00f8rensen, COO of Radiobotics, Read more leader of #1 ranked X-AID project|\"It is a privilege to have a company like Catalyze to support throughout the process.\" - Stine M\u00f8lgaard S\u00f8rensen, COO of Radiobotics, Read more leader of #1 ranked X-AID project|\"It is a privilege to have a company like Catalyze to support throughout the process.\" - Stine M\u00f8lgaard S\u00f8rensen, COO of Radiobotics, Read more leader of #1 ranked X-AID project|\"It is a privilege to have a company like Catalyze to support throughout the process.\" - Stine M\u00f8lgaard S\u00f8rensen, COO of Radiobotics, Read more leader of #1 ranked X-AID project|\"It is a privilege to have a company like Catalyze to support throughout the process.\" - Stine M\u00f8lgaard S\u00f8rensen, COO of Radiobotics, Read more leader of #1 ranked X-AID project|\"It is a privilege to have a company like Catalyze to support throughout the process.\" - Stine M\u00f8lgaard S\u00f8rensen, COO of Radiobotics, Read more leader of #1 ranked X-AID project|\"It is a privilege to have a company like Catalyze to support throughout the process.\" - Stine M\u00f8lgaard S\u00f8rensen, COO of Radiobotics, Read more leader of #1 ranked X-AID project|\"It is a privilege to have a company like Catalyze to support throughout the process.\" - Stine M\u00f8lgaard S\u00f8rensen, COO of Radiobotics, Read more leader of #1 ranked X-AID project|\"It is a privilege to have a company like Catalyze to support throughout the process.\" - Stine M\u00f8lgaard S\u00f8rensen, COO of Radiobotics, Read more leader of #1 ranked X-AID project|\"It is a privilege to have a company like Catalyze to support throughout the process.\" - Stine M\u00f8lgaard S\u00f8rensen, COO of Radiobotics, Read more leader of #1 ranked X-AID project|\n---\nBe prepared for Eureka Eurostars\n\n|Talk to one of our experts|1|\n|---|---|\n| |6|\n\ninfo@catalyze-group.com | +31 20 723 44 00 | www.catalyze-group.com", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 55590, "end_char_idx": 60841, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "44cee3ec-3421-4a4e-bf33-cef03b55a6da": {"__data__": {"id_": "44cee3ec-3421-4a4e-bf33-cef03b55a6da", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "09912e01-425d-47c8-a3eb-751034e18d0c", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "hash": "ef069081a084b9fdba3178724353aaaadbd6bb761611dd6ad018da95028a645e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "947f049c-76c2-4eb8-a548-6bd17ffc49a6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fad3f078a16b7e9686c6c468a66c495a2726a9e8b39c1b37b066982bcf8a724b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Country-by-country report 2022\nOn course to a\nnature-positive\nfood future\n---\n# Yara Country-by-country reporting 2022\n\nYara\u2019s extractive industries\n\nYara is committed to transparency and accountability, with adherence to international agreements and national legislation where it operates. Projects with an ownership of more than 50% are included in the report. All numbers shown are on 100% basis.\n\n# Information about subsidiaries 2022\n\n# Information about subsidiaries 2021\n\nMain business activities\n\nThe country-by-country report for 2022 has been prepared in accordance with the Norwegian Accounting Act \u00a73-3d and the Norwegian Security Trading Act \u00a75-5a and the report is approved by the Board of Directors and included in their statement from the Board and the CEO of Yara International ASA on page 259 in the Yara integrated report.\n\n# Basis of Preparation\n\nMateriality\n\nPayments constituting a single payment, or series of related payments that equal or exceed USD 100,000 during the year are reported. If payments are below the threshold in a given country, they will not be included in the overview of projects and payments.\n\nThe report may differ from statutory accounts due to local GAAP differences.\n\n# Scope\n\nYara welcomes initiatives to strengthen governance in resource-rich countries by improving transparency and accountability as to how natural resources wealth is generated and used.\n\n# Government\n\nGovernment is for the purpose of this report defined as any national, regional or local authority of a country and includes any department, agency or entity controlled by such an authority.\n\n# Reporting principles\n\nPayments to governments is based on cash basis and all other financial data is based on IFRS as used for Group accounting purposes.\n\nPayments done in other currencies than USD are reported with an average exchange rate of the year.\n---\n# Yara Country-by-country Reporting 2022\n\n|Subsidiaries|Yara Brasil Fertilizantes S.A.|Yara Suomi Oy|\n|---|---|---|\n|Yara\u2019s extractive industries|Ownership|100%|100%|\n|Information about subsidiaries 2022| | |\n|General information| | |\n|Project|Serra do Salitre|Lagamar|Total legal entity|Silinj\u00e4rvi|Total legal entity|\n|Hosting Country|Brazil|Brazil|Finland|\n|Industry|Mining|Mining|Mining|\n|Stage|Sold|Closed|Extracting|\n|Main business activities|Investments|170,123|199,482|\n|Revenues, total including internal sales|5,765,427|1,848,483|\n|Production volumes (1,000 tonnes of phosphate concentrate)|28|23.5|923|\n|Operating Costs and Expenses|5,593,668|1,408,596|\n|Payment to each government Authority|Country|Brazil|Brazil|Finland|\n| |Taxes imposed on the entity's income, production or profit|Regional Authority|98|10|-|48,398|\n| |Taxes imposed on the entity's income, production or profit|National Authority|912|31|-|\n| |Royalties|Municipal Authority|-|52|-|\n| |Royalties|Regional Authority|44|19|-|\n| |Royalties|National Authority|110|23|-|\n| |License-, rental-, entry- and other fees|Municipal Authority|28|84|-|\n| |License-, rental-, entry- and other fees|National Authority|10|1|10|\n\n1) Payments to government bodies are not reported for Yara Dallol B.V. in Ethiopia in 2022 or 2021 because the payments do not meet the threshold of USD 100,000 for the year. On 4 July 2022, Yara announced the sale of its ownership interest in the Dallol Mining project in Ethiopia. This transaction was completed on 27 January 2023. For further information, refer to note 8.5 Post balance sheet date events in the 2022 Consolidated financial statements.\n\n2) On August 2021, Yara signed a Share Purchase Agreement with EuroChem to sell its Salitre phosphate mining project in Brazil. The transaction was closed on 22 February 2022. For further information, refer to note 7.2 Disposal of investments in the 2022 Consolidated financial statements.\n---\n|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|Number of employees|Interest paid to other group companies|Revenues total internal sales|Profit (loss) before income tax|Income tax accrued|Taxes paid net|Accumulated earnings|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Yara Argentina S.A.|Argentina|175|-|206|14|(4)|(7)|2|\n|Chemical Holdings Pty Ltd.|Australia|-|-|-|-|-|217| |\n|Yara Australia Pty Ltd.|Australia|36|(11)|56|11|-|1|(41)|\n|Yara Nipro Pty Ltd.|Australia|-|-|25|(12)|(1)|(1)|-|\n|Yara Pilbara Fertilisers Pty Ltd.|Australia|240|(5)|578|355|(19)|-|791|\n|Yara Environmental Technologies GmbH|Austria|49|-|40|2|-|-|(23)|\n|Battaille S.A.|Belgium|-|-|20|(1)|-|-|4|\n|Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Gestion d'Actifs S.A.|Belgium|-|-|-|-|-|-|(2)|\n|Yara Belgium S.A./N.V.|Belgium|282|-|1|10|(3)|(2)|91|\n|Yara Tertre S.A.|Belgium|373|-|768|(14)|-|(5)|58|\n|Yara Bolivia Fertilizantes S.R.L|Bolivia|3|-|-|-|-|-|1|\n|Agoro Carbon Alliance Ltda.|Brazil|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Amoniasul Servi\u00e7os de Refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o Industrial Ltda.|Brazil|-|-|-|-|-|-|(1)|\n|Ind\u00fastria de Fertilizantes de Cubat\u00e3o S.A.|Brazil|-|-|-|(2)|-|-|(8)|\n|Yara Brasil Fertilizantes S.A.|Brazil|5,175|(113)|5,765|2|-|(21)|(972)|\n|Yara Bulgaria EOOD|Bulgaria|19|-|1|-|-|-|(2)|\n|Yara Cameroun S.A.|Cameroon|28|-|16|1|-|-|(7)|\n|Yara Belle Plaine Inc.|Canada|224|(22)|911|550|(117)|(112)|383|\n|Yara Canada Holding Inc.|Canada|-|(28)|-|373|-|-|-|\n|Yara Canada Inc.|Canada|23|-|409|36|(10)|(5)|101|\n|Yara Chile Fertilizantes Ltda.|Chile|9|-|19|-|(1)|-|(2)|\n|Yara China Ltd.|China|-|-|-|-|-|-|(13)|\n|Yara Crop Nutrition (Huaibei) Co., Ltd|China|11|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Digital Farming Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.|China|37|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Environmental Protection (Qingdao) Co. Ltd.|China|1|-|-|-|-|-|(4)|\n|Yara Marine Technologies (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.|China|21|-|3|-|-|-|1|\n|Yara Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.|China|94|-|328|(4)|-|(6)|8|\n|Fertillanos S.A.S.|Colombia|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Colombia S.A.|Colombia|693|(2)|637|129|(53)|(16)|97|\n|Yara Industrial Colombia S.A.S.|Colombia|23|-|72|5|(2)|(2)|3|\n|Yara Costa Rica S. de R.L.|Costa Rica|62|-|87|9|(4)|(2)|12|\n|Yara Agri Czech Republic s.r.o.|Czech Republic|11|-|39|7|(1)|-|6|\n---\n|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|Number of employees|Interest paid to other group companies|Revenues total including internal sales|Profit (loss) before income tax|Income tax accrued|Taxes paid net|Accumulated earnings|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|A/S Ammonia|Denmark|-|-|-|-|-|-|4|\n|Flex G\u00f8dning A/S|Denmark|-|-|4|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Danmark A/S|Denmark|36|-|394|86|(13)|2|62|\n|Yara Dallol Djibouti FZE|Djibouti|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yarecuador Cia.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 6397, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "947f049c-76c2-4eb8-a548-6bd17ffc49a6": {"__data__": {"id_": "947f049c-76c2-4eb8-a548-6bd17ffc49a6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "09912e01-425d-47c8-a3eb-751034e18d0c", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "hash": "ef069081a084b9fdba3178724353aaaadbd6bb761611dd6ad018da95028a645e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "44cee3ec-3421-4a4e-bf33-cef03b55a6da", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "hash": "96c0a70e60160ff729d10086d279ea371180f85ae9bc0e948992f38e2e79942f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "29e5a730-7783-4e13-98c8-b9b82ad9bf54", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "3b810c42678a56ca5171b162db7ff1b98cf3db8f8fc215d2105a655292bad1a5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Ltda.|Ecuador|30|-|55|10|(3)|-|17|\n|Yara Agri Trade Misr|Egypt|128|-|70|10|(4)|(3)|7|\n|Yara Trade Misr Ltd.|Egypt|-|-|-|1|-|-|1|\n|Yara Eesti O\u00dc|Estonia|5|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Sainik Potash Pvt Ltd.|Ethiopia|-|-|-|-|-|-|(15)|\n|Yara Dallol B.V.|Ethiopia|6|-|-|-|-|-|(44)|\n|Yara Eco Oy|Finland|-|-|7|(1)|-|-|(2)|\n|Yara Phosphates Oy|Finland|-|-|207|42|(8)|(6)|52|\n|Yara Suomi Oy|Finland|888|(6)|1,848|358|(64)|(48)|595|\n|Yara France SAS|France|580|(2)|1,740|172|(26)|(22)|115|\n|Varda Germany GmbH|Germany|-|-|-|-|-|-|(1)|\n|Yara Besitz GmbH|Germany|-|-|20|-|-|-|64|\n|Yara Brunsb\u00fcttel GmbH|Germany|255|(2)|822|5|-|-|45|\n|Yara GmbH & Co. KG|Germany|627|(1)|1,632|210|(9)|(16)|125|\n|Yara Industrial Solutions Germany GmbH|Germany|22|-|-|-|-|-|(5)|\n|Yara Investment GmbH|Germany|-|(3)|-|15|-|-|22|\n|Yara Investments Germany SE|Germany|-|(4)|-|81|(10)|(16)|(3)|\n|Yara Verwaltungs GmbH|Germany|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Ghana Ltd.|Ghana|51|-|96|(15)|(2)|-|(1)|\n|Yara Hellas S.A.|Greece|38|-|134|9|(2)|(3)|46|\n|Nutrientes y Nitratos Quetzales S.A.|Guatemala|-|-|9|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Guatemala S.A.|Guatemala|74|-|100|13|(4)|(4)|25|\n|Yara Hungaria Gyarto es Kereskedelmi Kft.|Hungary|13|-|45|5|-|-|8|\n|Agoro Carbon Alliance India Pty. Ltd.|India|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Digital Farming India Pvt. Ltd.|India|187|-|1|1|-|-|1|\n|Yara Environmental Technologies Pvt. Ltd.|India|15|-|2|-|-|-|1|\n|Yara Fertilisers India Pvt. Ltd.|India|745|(7)|842|22|-|-|(10)|\n|P.T. Yara Indonesia|Indonesia|74|-|44|1|-|-|2|\n|Yara Insurance DAC|Ireland|-|-|47|-|-|-|98|\n---\n|Yara Country-by-country reporting 2022|USD millions, except number of employees|Interest paid|Revenues total|Profit (loss)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|Number of employees|Interest paid to other group companies|Revenues including internal sales|Profit before income tax|Income tax accrued|Taxes paid net|Accumulated earnings|\n|Yara Italia S.p.A.|Italy|367|(1)|777|-|-|(14)|85|\n|Yara C\u00f4te d'Ivoire S.A.|Ivory Coast (Cote D'Ivoire)|38|-|72|2|-|-|(3)|\n|Yara East Africa Ltd.|Kenya|58|(1)|153|(4)|(1)|(2)|9|\n|Yara Latvija SIA|Latvia|5|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Lietuva UAB|Lithuania|500|-|2|(1)|-|-|(1)|\n|Yara Malawi Ltd.|Malawi|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Fertilizers Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.|Malaysia|-|-|-|-|-|-|(1)|\n|Yara International (M) Sdn. Bhd.|Malaysia|47|-|63|3|-|-|3|\n|Profesionistas AAL|Mexico|1|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara M\u00e9xico S. de R.L. de C.V.|Mexico|427|(2)|526|80|(30)|(30)|56|\n|Yara Mozambique Lda.|Mozambique|6|-|13|(1)|-|-|(16)|\n|Yara Myanmar Ltd.|Myanmar|29|-|15|(3)|-|-|(12)|\n|Yara Fertilizers (NZ) Ltd.|New Zealand|7|-|13|1|-|-|3|\n|Agoro Carbon Alliance AS|Norway|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Fertilizer Holdings AS|Norway|-|(5)|-|655|(5)|(19)|840|\n|Her\u00f8ya Nett AS|Norway|27|-|21|5|(1)|-|6|\n|OFD Holding S. de R.L.|Norway|-|-|-|28|-|-|216|\n|Stiftelsen for ansattes aksjer i Yara|Norway|-|-|-|-|-|-|(1)|\n|Yara AS|Norway|-|(33)|-|162|(36)|(9)|167|\n|Yara Birkeland AS|Norway|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Clean Ammonia AS|Norway|-|(1)|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Clean Ammonia Norge AS|Norway|26|(1)|2|46|-|-|52|\n|Yara Digital Farming Solutions AS|Norway|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Environmental Technologies AS|Norway|-|-|-|-|-|-|2|\n|Yara Growth Ventures AS|Norway|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara LPG Shipping AS|Norway|-|(1)|44|15|-|-|(9)|\n|Yara Marine Technologies AS|Norway|17|-|19|2|-|-|(35)|\n|Yara Norge AS|Norway|791|(20)|2,945|240|(63)|-|229|\n|Yara Panama S. de R.L.|Panama|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Peru R.L.|Peru|10|-|43|4|-|-|(8)|\n|Norteam Seatransport Services Inc.|Philippines|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Pataba Holdings Inc.|Philippines|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Fertilizers Philippines Inc.|Philippines|39|-|149|3|(1)|-|6|\n---\n|Yara Country-by-country reporting 2022|USD millions, except number of employees|Interest paid|Revenues total|Profit (loss)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|Number of employees|Interest paid to other group companies|Revenues total including internal sales|Profit before income tax|Income tax accrued|Taxes paid net|Accumulated earnings|\n|Yara Poland Sp.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 6398, "end_char_idx": 10372, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "29e5a730-7783-4e13-98c8-b9b82ad9bf54": {"__data__": {"id_": "29e5a730-7783-4e13-98c8-b9b82ad9bf54", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "09912e01-425d-47c8-a3eb-751034e18d0c", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "hash": "ef069081a084b9fdba3178724353aaaadbd6bb761611dd6ad018da95028a645e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "947f049c-76c2-4eb8-a548-6bd17ffc49a6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "hash": "66e520dd9e2989ac3965de5609562f1e67b9c02ad325faf9a82e61fc3b8dea1b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "dd1a7215-2f76-43df-9e7e-6e891fb91964", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "859b7f8819837aac3b206ce1ff2719d9a35c79b2bfeb8f30376e71cacbe8439a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "z o.o.|Poland|71|-|316|51|(11)|(8)|62|\n|Yara Digital Romania SRL|Romania|1|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|AO Yara|Russian Federation|6|-|1|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Rwanda Ltd.|Rwanda|6|-|34|2|(1)|(2)|1|\n|Yara Asia Pte Ltd.|Singapore|190|-|1,762|82|(6)|(6)|669|\n|YMT Global (Singapore) Pte Ltd|Singapore|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Africa Fertilizers (Pty) Ltd.|South Africa|108|(1)|261|3|(2)|(3)|13|\n|Yara Animal Nutrition South Africa (Pty) Ltd.|South Africa|159|-|116|(8)|-|-|(6)|\n|Yara Korea Ltd.|South Korea|5|-|1|-|-|-|(1)|\n|Yara Iberian S.A.U.|Spain|84|(1)|447|61|(17)|(16)|95|\n|Skogens G\u00f6dslings AB|Sweden|-|-|2|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara AB|Sweden|248|(5)|1,106|131|(28)|-|159|\n|Yara Environmental Technologies AB|Sweden|-|-|-|-|-|-|1|\n|Yara Marine Technologies AB|Sweden|186|-|31|(10)|-|-|10|\n|Balderton Fertilisers S.A.|Switzerland|-|-|-|-|-|-|(4)|\n|Varda AG|Switzerland|16|-|-|(9)|-|-|(10)|\n|Yara Clean Ammonia Switzerland SA|Switzerland|11|(3)|1,918|88|(9)|-|75|\n|Yara IEC AG|Switzerland|-|-|-|1|-|-|2|\n|Yara Switzerland Ltd.|Switzerland|43|(1)|7,443|121|(17)|(18)|781|\n|Yara Tanzania Ltd.|Tanzania|58|-|155|11|(1)|(1)|(28)|\n|Yara (Thailand) Ltd.|Thailand|101|-|188|4|(5)|(3)|(20)|\n|Yara Clean Ammonia Netherlands B.V.|The Netherlands|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Holding Netherlands B.V.|The Netherlands|1|(29)|-|632|(44)|(40)|636|\n|Yara Nederland B.V.|The Netherlands|21|(14)|3|604|-|-|3,929|\n|Yara Sluiskil B.V.|The Netherlands|836|(7)|2,307|27|-|-|127|\n|Yara South America Investments B.V.|The Netherlands|-|-|-|1|-|-|-|\n|Yara Technology B.V.|The Netherlands|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Vlaardingen B.V.|The Netherlands|105|-|403|75|-|-|97|\n|Yara Caribbean (2002) Ltd.|Trinidad and Tobago|-|-|-|(24)|-|-|33|\n|Yara Trinidad Ltd.|Trinidad and Tobago|187|-|5|(3)|-|-|(98)|\n|Yara Turkey Tar\u0131msal G\u00fcbre \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Anonim \u015eirketi|Turkey|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|LLC Yara Ukraine|Ukraine|11|-|1|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Overseas Ltd.|United Kingdom|-|-|-|1|-|-|4|\n---\n|Yara Country-by-country reporting 2022|USD millions, except number of employees| |Interest paid|\n|---|---|---|---|\n| | | | |Revenues total|Profit (loss)|Number of employees|to other group companies|internal sales|Income tax accrued|Taxes paid net|\n|Yara Phosyn Ltd.|United Kingdom|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara UK Ltd.|United Kingdom|271|(2)|1,325|239|(44)|(37)|\n|Agoro Carbon Alliance US, Inc.|United States| |11|-|-|(18)|-|(14)|\n|Agoro LLC|United States|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Agronomic Technology Corp.|United States|-|(1)|-|10|-|(18)|\n|Freeport Ammonia LLC|United States|-|-|-|(7)|-|(9)|\n|Yara Clean Ammonia US Inc.|United States|-|-|482|9|(3)|(2)|\n|Yara North America Inc.|United States|270|(14)|1,728|499|(117)|(62)|\n|Yara West Sacramento Terminal LLC|United States|-|-|2|(1)|-|(6)|\n|Le Vang Trading Services Ltd.|Vietnam|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Vietnam Co. Ltd.|Vietnam| |46|-|33|1|-|3|\n|Yara Fertilizer Zambia Ltd.|Zambia| |19|(1)|43|-|-|(42)|\n|Grand total| |16,829|(350)|43,070|6,306|(802)|(566)|\n|Joint operations and equity-accounted investees| |-|-|693|174|(63)|(54)|\n|Parent company5)| |677|(70)|346|1,870|66|(3)|\n|Group eliminations| |-|420|(20,207)|(4,711)|103|(4)|\n|Grand total| |17,506| |23,9021)|3,6391)|(696)2)|(627)3)|\n\n1) Reconcilable against Group Consolidated Statement of income 2022.\n\n2) Reconcilable against Group note 2.8 Income taxes.\n\n3) Reconcilable against Group Consolidated statement of cash flows.\n\n4) Accumulated earnings reflect retained earnings. This does not necessarily reflect Group accumulated earnings, as the amount includes legal reserves due to local regulations allocating retained earnings to legal reserves.\n\n5) Reflects IFRS which deviates from the parent financial statements due to timing differences of Group contributions/dividends.\n\nThe table is based on IFRS figures used for Group- accounting purposes; The report may differ from statutory accounts due to local GAAP differences.\n---\n|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|Number of employees|Interest paid to other group companies|Revenues total internal sales|Profit (loss) before income tax|Income tax accrued|Taxes paid net|Accumulated earnings|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Yara Argentina S.A.|Argentina|180|-|187|12|(5)|-|(10)|\n|Chemical Holdings Pty Ltd.|Australia|-|-|-|-|-|-|217|\n|Yara Australia Pty Ltd.|Australia|45|(6)|55|3|-|-|(59)|\n|Yara Nipro Pty Ltd.|Australia|-|-|29|2|-|-|16|\n|Yara Pilbara Fertilisers Pty Ltd.|Australia|216|(1)|358|(24)|-|-|565|\n|Yara Environmental Technologies GmbH|Austria|51|-|22|(2)|-|(1)|(26)|\n|Battaille S.A.|Belgium|-|-|21|6|-|-|4|\n|Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Gestion d'Actifs S.A.|Belgium|-|-|-|-|-|-|(3)|\n|Yara Belgium S.A./N.V.|Belgium|257|-|-|1|-|(2)|84|\n|Yara Tertre S.A.|Belgium|305|-|484|(50)|-|-|79|\n|Yara Bolivia Fertilizantes S.R.L|Bolivia|3|-|-|-|-|-|1|\n|Amoniasul Servi\u00e7os de Refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o Industrial Ltda.|Brazil|-|-|-|-|-|-|(1)|\n|Ind\u00fastria de Fertilizantes de Cubat\u00e3o S.A.|Brazil|-|-|-|-|-|-|(6)|\n|Yara Brasil Fertilizantes S.A.|Brazil|6,067|(61)|4,404|(456)|-|(34)|(939)|\n|Yara Bulgaria EOOD|Bulgaria|35|-|1|-|-|-|(2)|\n|Yara Cameroun S.A.|Cameroon|29|-|21|1|(1)|(1)|(8)|\n|Yara Belle Plaine Inc.|Canada|221|(13)|613|312|(82)|(32)|380|\n|Yara Canada Holding Inc.|Canada|-|(13)|-|170|-|-|-|\n|Yara Canada Inc.|Canada|23|-|217|20|(5)|(5)|80|\n|Yara Chile Fertilizantes Ltda.|Chile|8|-|20|-|-|-|(2)|\n|Yara China Ltd.|China|-|-|-|-|-|-|(13)|\n|Yara Digital Farming Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.|China|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Environmental Protection (Qingdao) Co. Ltd.|China|2|-|-|1|-|-|(4)|\n|Yara Marine Technologies (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.|China|23|-|3|-|-|-|1|\n|Yara Trading (Shanghai) Co.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 10373, "end_char_idx": 15866, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "dd1a7215-2f76-43df-9e7e-6e891fb91964": {"__data__": {"id_": "dd1a7215-2f76-43df-9e7e-6e891fb91964", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "09912e01-425d-47c8-a3eb-751034e18d0c", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "hash": "ef069081a084b9fdba3178724353aaaadbd6bb761611dd6ad018da95028a645e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "29e5a730-7783-4e13-98c8-b9b82ad9bf54", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "hash": "516ebf059d518f8b3a6ca656e5ff4f8f43bfdae280acecc8431d128f53707f5d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9c56f5d7-f81e-4c6b-b4a1-20e4bce63cc4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "4e762af1bef3ffd43d73729e8ba3b74237166245136d0a354b606cb00a44c071", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Ltd.|China|23|-|3|-|-|-|1|\n|Yara Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.|China|97|-|355|34|(6)|-|12|\n|Fertillanos S.A.S.|Colombia|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Colombia S.A.|Colombia|656|(1)|464|75|(17)|(12)|54|\n|Yara Industrial Colombia S.A.S.|Colombia|24|-|23|1|-|(1)|-|\n|Yara Costa Rica S. de R.L.|Costa Rica|62|-|53|5|(2)|-|4|\n|Yara Agri Czech Republic s.r.o.|Czech Republic|10|-|27|2|-|-|1|\n|A/S Ammonia|Denmark|-|-|-|(1)|-|-|5|\n|Flex G\u00f8dning A/S|Denmark|-|-|4|-|-|-|1|\n---\n|Yara Country-by-country reporting 2022|USD millions, except number of employees|Interest paid|Revenues total|Profit (loss)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|Number of employees|Interest paid to other group companies|Revenues including internal sales|Profit before income tax|Income tax accrued|Taxes paid net|Accumulated earnings|\n|Yara Danmark A/S|Denmark|36|-|186|(35)|-|(1)|(8)|\n|Yara Dallol Djibouti FZE|Djibouti|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yarecuador Cia. Ltda.|Ecuador|26|-|41|7|(2)|(2)|10|\n|Yara Agri Trade Misr|Egypt|133|-|43|4|(1)|(1)|5|\n|Yara Trade Misr Ltd.|Egypt|-|-|-|1|-|-|1|\n|Yara Eesti O\u00dc|Estonia|3|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Sainik Potash Pvt Ltd.|Ethiopia|-|-|-|-|-|-|(15)|\n|Yara Dallol B.V.|Ethiopia|7|-|-|(1)|-|-|(44)|\n|Yara Eco Oy|Finland|-|-|2|(1)|-|-|(2)|\n|Yara Phosphates Oy|Finland|-|-|150|14|(3)|(1)|36|\n|Yara Suomi Oy|Finland|849|(7)|1,301|212|(39)|(13)|400|\n|Yara France SAS|France|590|(2)|1,044|(46)|-|1|(95)|\n|Agoro Carbon Alliance Germany GmbH|Germany|-|-|-|-|-|-|(1)|\n|Yara Besitz GmbH|Germany|-|-|22|1|-|-|67|\n|Yara Brunsb\u00fcttel GmbH|Germany|246|(1)|388|35|-|-|44|\n|Yara GmbH & Co. KG|Germany|614|-|938|130|(6)|(24)|132|\n|Yara Industrial Solutions Germany GmbH|Germany|23|-|-|-|-|-|(7)|\n|Yara Investment GmbH|Germany|-|(2)|-|25|-|-|23|\n|Yara Investments Germany SE|Germany|-|(3)|-|59|(7)|(46)|15|\n|Yara Verwaltungs GmbH|Germany|-|-|1|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Ghana Ltd.|Ghana|59|-|38|(2)|-|-|21|\n|Yara Hellas S.A.|Greece|31|-|115|10|(2)|(2)|48|\n|Nutrientes y Nitratos Quetzales S.A.|Guatemala|-|-|3|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Guatemala S.A.|Guatemala|77|-|63|8|(2)|(2)|21|\n|Yara Hungaria Gyarto es Kereskedelmi Kft.|Hungary|11|-|33|3|-|-|9|\n|Yara Digital Farming India Pvt. Ltd.|India|176|-|1|1|-|-|1|\n|Yara Environmental Technologies Pvt. Ltd.|India|17|-|2|-|-|-|1|\n|Yara Fertilisers India Pvt. Ltd.|India|733|(8)|490|8|-|-|(24)|\n|P.T. Yara Indonesia|Indonesia|42|-|35|1|-|2|2|\n|Yara Insurance DAC|Ireland|-|-|45|20|(3)|(2)|104|\n|Yara Italia S.p.A.|Italy|368|-|696|40|(10)|(19)|198|\n|Yara C\u00f4te d'Ivoire S.A.|Ivory Coast (Cote D'Ivoire)|36|-|69|1|-|-|(4)|\n|Yara East Africa Ltd.|Kenya|61|-|96|(1)|-|-|13|\n---\n|Yara Country-by-country reporting 2022|USD millions, except number of employees|Interest paid|Revenues total|Profit (loss)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|Number of employees|to other group companies|including internal sales|Profit before income tax|Income tax accrued|Taxes paid net|Accumulated earnings|\n|Yara Latvija SIA|Latvia|2|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Lietuva UAB|Lithuania|356|-|2|4|-|-|-|\n|Yara Malawi Ltd.|Malawi|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Fertilizers Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.|Malaysia|-|-|-|-|-|(1)|\n|Yara International (M) Sdn. Bhd.|Malaysia|52|-|54|1|-|-|1|\n|Profesionistas AAL|Mexico|2|-|-|2|-|-|1|\n|Yara M\u00e9xico S. de R.L. de C.V.|Mexico|477|(1)|406|52|(17)|(10)|35|\n|Yara Mozambique Lda.|Mozambique|-|-|21|-|-|-|(14)|\n|Yara Myanmar Ltd.|Myanmar|29|-|9|(5)|-|-|(11)|\n|Yara Fertilizers (NZ) Ltd.|New Zealand|7|-|11|1|-|-|3|\n|Agoro Carbon Alliance AS|Norway|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Fertilizer Holdings AS|Norway|-|(1)|-|203|4|(8)|1,400|\n|Her\u00f8ya Nett AS|Norway|27|-|11|(3)|-|-|2|\n|OFD Holding S. de R.L.|Norway|-|-|-|11|-|-|268|\n|Stiftelsen for ansattes aksjer i Yara|Norway|-|-|-|-|-|-|(1)|\n|Yara AS|Norway|-|(1)|-|102|(16)|(8)|439|\n|Yara Birkeland AS|Norway|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Clean Ammonia AS|Norway|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Clean Ammonia Norge AS|Norway|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Digital Farming Solutions AS|Norway|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Environmental Technologies AS|Norway|-|-|-|-|-|-|2|\n|Yara Growth Ventures AS|Norway|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara LPG Shipping AS|Norway|-|-|41|14|-|-|(23)|\n|Yara Marine Technologies AS|Norway|14|-|32|5|(1)|-|(10)|\n|Yara Norge AS|Norway|778|(8)|1,879|298|(78)|-|322|\n|Yara Panama S. de R.L.|Panama|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Peru R.L.|Peru|11|-|23|-|-|-|(12)|\n|Norteam Seatransport Services Inc.|Philippines|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Pataba Holdings Inc.|Philippines|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Fertilizers Philippines Inc.|Philippines|50|-|96|2|(2)|(1)|3|\n|Yara Poland Sp. z o.o.|Poland|57|-|209|14|(3)|(3)|20|\n|Yara Digital Romania SRL|Romania|4|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|AO Yara|Russian Federation|7|-|1|-|-|-|-|\n---\n|Yara Country-by-country reporting 2022|USD millions, except number of employees|Interest paid|Revenues total|Profit (loss)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|Number of employees|Interest paid to other group companies|Revenues including internal sales|Profit before income tax|Income tax accrued|Taxes paid net|Accumulated earnings|\n|Yara Rwanda Ltd.|Rwanda|-|-|23|1|-|-|(1)|\n|Yara Asia Pte Ltd.|Singapore|210|-|1,702|73|(5)|(7)|973|\n|YMT Global (Singapore) Pte.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 15811, "end_char_idx": 20870, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9c56f5d7-f81e-4c6b-b4a1-20e4bce63cc4": {"__data__": {"id_": "9c56f5d7-f81e-4c6b-b4a1-20e4bce63cc4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "09912e01-425d-47c8-a3eb-751034e18d0c", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "hash": "ef069081a084b9fdba3178724353aaaadbd6bb761611dd6ad018da95028a645e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "dd1a7215-2f76-43df-9e7e-6e891fb91964", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "hash": "6d7a0965b14761b0a84a2a00d7fc157310fdab37662f85cfb6b92e219a9d3d7b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "5b812df0-f254-444f-aa9f-4009970d677c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "fc371473a55b8a04b47ce2aa41a61538174c7dc36ea9e66fbacc7a3d81af6ec5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Ltd.|Singapore|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Africa Fertilizers (Pty) Ltd.|South Africa|81|-|188|13|(4)|(3)|11|\n|Yara Animal Nutrition South Africa (Pty) Ltd.|South Africa|155|-|107|(4)|-|-|5|\n|Yara Korea Ltd.|South Korea|5|-|1|-|-|-|(1)|\n|Yara Iberian S.A.U.|Spain|79|(1)|312|32|(8)|(8)|51|\n|Skogens G\u00f6dslings AB|Sweden|-|-|2|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara AB|Sweden|238|(3)|540|(28)|11|-|60|\n|Yara Environmental Technologies AB|Sweden|-|-|-|-|-|-|1|\n|Yara Marine Technologies AB|Sweden|175|-|29|(7)|-|(4)|21|\n|Balderton Fertilisers S.A.|Switzerland|-|-|-|-|-|-|(4)|\n|Varda AG|Switzerland|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara IEC AG|Switzerland|-|-|-|(1)|-|-|1|\n|Yara Switzerland Ltd.|Switzerland|55|-|7,140|172|(21)|(31)|792|\n|Yara Tanzania Ltd.|Tanzania|63|-|86|4|-|-|(36)|\n|Yara (Thailand) Ltd.|Thailand|102|-|201|5|(3)|(1)|(23)|\n|Yara Clean Ammonia Netherlands B.V.|The Netherlands|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Holding Netherlands B.V.|The Netherlands|1|(18)|-|(51)|(29)|1|340|\n|Yara Nederland B.V.|The Netherlands|24|(9)|3|353|-|-|4,177|\n|Yara Sluiskil B.V.|The Netherlands|723|(6)|1,596|105|-|-|158|\n|Yara South America Investments B.V.|The Netherlands|-|-|-|-|-|-|(1)|\n|Yara Technology B.V.|The Netherlands|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Vlaardingen B.V.|The Netherlands|100|-|254|19|-|-|51|\n|Yara Caribbean (2000) Ltd.|Trinidad and Tobago|-|-|-|-|-|-|57|\n|Yara Trinidad Ltd.|Trinidad and Tobago|190|-|4|30|-|(1)|(93)|\n|Yara Turkey Tar\u0131msal G\u00fcbre \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Anonim \u015eirketi|Turkey|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|LLC Yara Ukraine|Ukraine|11|-|1|-|-|-|(1)|\n|Yara Overseas Ltd.|United Kingdom|-|-|-|1|-|-|3|\n|Yara UK Ltd.|United Kingdom|262|(1)|843|65|(8)|(9)|151|\n|Agoro Carbon Alliance US, Inc.|United States|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Agronomic Technology Corp.|United States|-|-|-|(17)|-|-|(25)|\n|Freeport Ammonia LLC|United States|-|-|-|(7)|-|-|(2)|\n---\n|Yara Country-by-country reporting 2022|USD millions, except number of employees|Interest paid|Revenues total|Profit (loss)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|Number of employees|Revenues to other group companies|Profit including income tax|Income tax accrued|Taxes paid net|Accumulated earnings|\n|Yara Clean Ammonia US Inc.|United States|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara North America Inc.|United States|269|(14)|1,255|190|(29)|(38)|460|\n|Yara West Sacramento Terminal LLC|United States|-|-|2|(9)|-|-|(5)|\n|Le Vang Trading Services Ltd.|Vietnam|-|-|-|-|-|-|\n|Yara Vietnam Co. Ltd.|Vietnam|109|-|31|1|-|-|2|\n|Yara Fertilizer Zambia Ltd.|Zambia|28|(1)|38|(1)|-|-|(40)|\n|Grand total| |17,205|(185)|30,314|2,243|(407)|(332)|\n\n|Main business activities|Joint operations and equity-accounted investees| |465|102|(20)|(17)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Parent company5)| | | |635|(2)|330|463|31|(2)|\n|Group eliminations| | | |187|(14,492)|(2,072)|68| |\n|Grand total| | | |17,840| |16,6171)|7391)|(328)2)|(350)3)|\n\n1) Reconcilable against Group Consolidated Statement of income 2021.\n\n2) Reconcilable against Group note 2.8 Income taxes.\n\n3) Reconcilable against Group Consolidated statement of cash flow.\n\n4) Accumulated earnings reflect retained earnings. This does not necessarily reflect Group accumulated earnings, as the amount includes legal reserves due to local regulations allocating retained earnings to legal reserves.\n\n5) Reflects IFRS which deviates from the parent financial statements due to timing differences of Group contributions/dividends.\n\nThe table is based on IFRS figures used for Group accounting purposes; the report may differ from statutory accounts due to local GAAP differences.\n---\n# Yara Country-by-country Main business activities reporting 2022\n\n# Yara\u2019s extractive industries\n\n|Information about subsidiaries 2022|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|\n|---|---|---|\n|Yara Argentina S.A.|Argentina|X|\n|Chemical Holdings Pty Ltd.|Australia|X|\n|Yara Australia Pty Ltd.|Australia|X|\n|Yara Nipro Pty Ltd.|Australia|X|\n|Yara Pilbara Fertilisers Pty Ltd.|Australia|X|\n|Yara Environmental Technologies GmbH|Austria|X X X|\n|Battaille S.A.|Belgium|X|\n|Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Gestion d'Actifs S.A.|Belgium|X|\n|Yara Belgium S.A./N.V.|Belgium|X X|\n|Yara Tertre S.A.|Belgium|X X|\n|Yara Bolivia Fertilizantes S.R.L|Bolivia|X|\n|Agoro Carbon Alliance Ltda.|Brazil|X|\n|Amoniasul Servi\u00e7os de Refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o Industrial Ltda.|Brazil|X|\n|Ind\u00fastria de Fertilizantes de Cubat\u00e3o S.A.|Brazil|X|\n|Yara Brasil Fertilizantes S.A.|Brazil|X X|\n|Yara Bulgaria EOOD|Bulgaria|X|\n|Yara Cameroun S.A.|Cameroon|X|\n|Yara Belle Plaine Inc.|Canada|X X|\n|Yara Canada Holding Inc.|Canada|X|\n|Yara Canada Inc.|Canada|X|\n|Yara Chile Fertilizantes Ltda.|Chile|X|\n|Yara China Ltd.|China|X|\n|Yara Crop Nutrition (Huaibei) Co., Ltd|China|X X|\n|Yara Digital Farming Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.|China|X X X|\n|Yara Environmental Protection (Qingdao) Co. Ltd.|China|X|\n|Yara Marine Technologies (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.|China|X|\n|Yara Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.|China|X|\n\nTable continues >\n---\n# Yara Country-by-country reporting 2022\n\n|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|\n|---|---|\n|Fertillanos S.A.S.|Colombia|\n|Yara Colombia S.A.|Colombia|\n|Yara Colombia S.A.S.|Colombia|\n|Yara Industrial Colombia S.A.S.|Colombia|\n|Yara Costa Rica S. de R.L.|Costa Rica|\n|Yara Agri Czech Republic s.r.o.|Czech Republic|\n|A/S Ammonia|Denmark|\n|Flex G\u00f8dning A/S|Denmark|\n|Yara Danmark A/S|Denmark|\n|Yara Dallol Djibouti FZE|Djibouti|\n|Yarecuador Cia. Ltda.|Ecuador|\n|Yara Agri Trade Misr|Egypt|\n|Yara Trade Misr Ltd.|Egypt|\n|Yara Eesti O\u00dc|Estonia|\n|Sainik Potash Pvt Ltd.|Ethiopia|\n|Yara Dallol B.V.|Ethiopia|\n|Yara Eco Oy|Finland|\n|Yara Phosphates Oy|Finland|\n|Yara Suomi Oy|Finland|\n|Yara France SAS|France|\n|Varda Germany GmbH|Germany|\n|Yara Besitz GmbH|Germany|\n|Yara Brunsb\u00fcttel GmbH|Germany|\n|Yara GmbH & Co.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 20871, "end_char_idx": 26491, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5b812df0-f254-444f-aa9f-4009970d677c": {"__data__": {"id_": "5b812df0-f254-444f-aa9f-4009970d677c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "09912e01-425d-47c8-a3eb-751034e18d0c", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "hash": "ef069081a084b9fdba3178724353aaaadbd6bb761611dd6ad018da95028a645e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9c56f5d7-f81e-4c6b-b4a1-20e4bce63cc4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}, "hash": "14f89b9b56d882c446d88ca745437718f08b776388a4a7e435ee162d62ce1005", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "KG|Germany|\n|Yara Industrial Solutions Germany GmbH|Germany|\n|Yara Investment GmbH|Germany|\n|Yara Investments Germany SE|Germany|\n|Yara Verwaltungs GmbH|Germany|\n|Yara Ghana Ltd.|Ghana|\n---\n# Yara Country-by-country reporting 2022\n\n|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|\n|---|---|\n|Yara Hellas S.A.|Greece|\n|Nutrientes y Nitratos Quetzales S.A.|Guatemala|\n|Yara Guatemala S.A.|Guatemala|\n|Yara Hungaria Gyarto es Kereskedelmi Kft.|Hungary|\n|Agoro Carbon Alliance India Pty. Ltd.|India|\n|Yara Digital Farming India Pvt. Ltd.|India|\n|Yara Environmental Technologies Pvt. Ltd.|India|\n|Yara Fertilisers India Pvt. Ltd.|India|\n|P.T. Yara Indonesia|Indonesia|\n|Yara Insurance DAC|Ireland|\n|Yara Italia S.p.A.|Italy|\n|Yara C\u00f4te d'Ivoire S.A.|Ivory Coast (Cote D'Ivoire)|\n|Yara East Africa Ltd.|Kenya|\n|Yara Latvija SIA|Latvia|\n|Yara Lietuva UAB|Lithuania|\n|Yara Malawi Ltd.|Malawi|\n|Yara Fertilizers Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.|Malaysia|\n|Yara International (M) Sdn. Bhd.|Malaysia|\n|Profesionistas AAL|Mexico|\n|Yara M\u00e9xico S. de R.L. de C.V.|Mexico|\n|Yara Mozambique Lda.|Mozambique|\n|Yara Myanmar Ltd.|Myanmar|\n|Yara Fertilizers (NZ) Ltd.|New Zealand|\n|Agoro Carbon Alliance AS|Norway|\n|Fertilizer Holdings AS|Norway|\n|Her\u00f8ya Nett AS|Norway|\n|OFD Holding S. de R.L.|Norway|\n|Yara AS|Norway|\n---\n# Yara Country-by-country reporting 2022\n\n|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|\n|---|---|\n|Yara Birkeland AS|Norway|\n|Yara Clean Ammonia AS|Norway|\n|Yara Clean Ammonia Norge AS|Norway|\n|Yara Digital Farming Solutions AS|Norway|\n|Yara Environmental Technologies AS|Norway|\n|Yara Growth Ventures AS|Norway|\n|Yara LPG Shipping AS|Norway|\n|Yara Marine Technologies AS|Norway|\n|Yara Norge AS|Norway|\n|Yara Panama S. de R.L.|Panama|\n|Yara Peru R.L.|Peru|\n|Norteam Seatransport Services Inc.|Philippines|\n|Pataba Holdings Inc.|Philippines|\n|Yara Fertilizers Philippines Inc.|Philippines|\n|Yara Poland Sp. z o.o.|Poland|\n|Yara Digital Romania SRL|Romania|\n|AO Yara|Russian Federation|\n|Yara Rwanda Ltd.|Rwanda|\n|Yara Asia Pte Ltd.|Singapore|\n|YMT Global (Singapore) Pte Ltd|Singapore|\n|Yara Africa Fertilizers (Pty) Ltd.|South Africa|\n|Yara Animal Nutrition South Africa (Pty) Ltd.|South Africa|\n|Yara Korea Ltd.|South Korea|\n|Yara Iberian S.A.U.|Spain|\n|Skogens G\u00f6dslings AB|Sweden|\n|Yara AB|Sweden|\n|Yara Environmental Technologies AB|Sweden|\n|Yara Marine Technologies AB|Sweden|\n---\n# Table continued\n\n|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|\n|---|---|\n|Information about subsidiaries 2022|Balderton Fertilisers S.A.|Switzerland|X|\n| |Varda AG|Switzerland|X X X|\n|Information about subsidiaries 2021|Yara Clean Ammonia Switzerland SA|Switzerland|X X|\n| |Yara IEC AG|Switzerland|X|\n\n# Main business activities\n\n|Subsidiaries|Jurisdiction|\n|---|---|\n|Yara Switzerland Ltd.|Switzerland|X X|\n|Yara Tanzania Ltd.|Tanzania|X|\n|Yara (Thailand) Ltd.|Thailand|X|\n|Yara Clean Ammonia Netherlands B.V.|The Netherlands|X|\n|Yara Holding Netherlands B.V.|The Netherlands|X X|\n|Yara Nederland B.V.|The Netherlands|X X|\n|Yara Sluiskil B.V.|The Netherlands|X X|\n|Yara South America Investments B.V.|The Netherlands|X|\n|Yara Technology B.V.|The Netherlands|X|\n|Yara Vlaardingen B.V.|The Netherlands|X X|\n|Yara Caribbean (2002) Ltd.|Trinidad and Tobago|X|\n|Yara Trinidad Ltd.|Trinidad and Tobago|X|\n|Yara Turkey Tar\u0131msal G\u00fcbre \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Anonim \u015eirketi|Turkey|X|\n|LLC Yara Ukraine|Ukraine|X|\n|Yara Overseas Ltd.|United Kingdom|X|\n|Yara Phosyn Ltd.|United Kingdom|X|\n|Yara UK Ltd.|United Kingdom|X X|\n|Agoro Carbon Alliance US, Inc.|United States|X X|\n|Agoro LLC|United States|X|\n|Agronomic Technology Corp.|United States|X|\n|Freeport Ammonia LLC|United States|X|\n|Yara Clean Ammonia US Inc.|United States|X|\n|Yara North America Inc.|United States|X|\n|Yara West Sacramento Terminal LLC|United States|X|\n|Le Vang Trading Services Ltd.|Vietnam|X|\n|Yara Fertilizer Zambia Ltd.|Zambia|X|\n---\nyara.com", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 26492, "end_char_idx": 30307, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6bd7ff33-94a7-46b3-85fc-54c227301aea": {"__data__": {"id_": "6bd7ff33-94a7-46b3-85fc-54c227301aea", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Call Box Proposal.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Call Box Proposal.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "574cc19a-ba7a-4a87-b164-960470c006a2", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Call Box Proposal.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Call Box Proposal.pdf"}, "hash": "d799d63ee4cc53c4dfd56c324887cdea18e00eefb327800606971892def403e0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "4ca9ea4b-6f18-42a7-b7b3-73d7caca9cc8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a44c5600dd760eac2616ab5b555a14ed65bc79ac34af657fdd6e16628773550e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "# callbox FOR MARKETING AND SALES OUTSOURCING SOLUTIONS\n\n# Proposal For Account-based Lead Management Services\n\nPrepared For\n\nTRIA Pte Ltd\n\nPei Kang Ng\n\nCEO/President/Owner\n\n67 Ayer Rajah Crescent, Singapore 139950\n\npeikang.ng@tria.solutions\n\nThea Algoso\n\nSenior Business Development Manager, APAC\n\ntpalgoso@callboxinc.com\n\nContract No. MTP2024032900\n\nDocument Version: 1\n\nDate: March 29, 2024\n---\nMarch 29, 2024\n\nPei Kang Ng\n\nTRIA Pte Ltd\n\nDear Pei Kang,\n\nThank you for the opportunity to present this proposal outlining our comprehensive outsourced marketing and sales program to help TRIA Pte Ltd drive growth in a dynamic and competitive marketplace.\n\nBuilding on our understanding of these specific challenges, we are pleased to present a proposal for our outsourced marketing and sales program, designed to address these issues directly. Our proposal includes\n\n- A. Services and Scope of Work\n- B. Order Summary\n- C. Contract Period\n- D. Payment Details\n- E. Terms and Conditions\n- F. Signature\n\nWe are uniquely positioned to support your marketing efforts by tailoring our approach to overcome these challenges, we aim to not only help you meet your sales goals but also set new benchmarks for success.\n\nWe are excited about the opportunity to collaborate with your team and eager to be part of your growth and success story.\n\nYours sincerely,\n\nThea Algoso\n\n3104395814\n\n65 3159 1112 Ext: 1536\n---\n# Services and Scope of Work\n\n|SKILLS|STRATEGIES|SYSTEMS|\n|---|---|---|\n|A. Specialized Skills and Experience|Leverage the diverse skills of our proactive professionals with 20+ years of combined experience. Minimize overhead costs for recruitment, training, and management, and streamline your business operations.| |\n|Client Success Management|Operates as a strategic partner, collaborating closely with your team to resolve challenges, devise effective strategies, and secure the success of your lead generation programs.| |\n|Business Process Management|Oversees seamless coordination and communication across teams, ensuring efficient program execution and optimization for effective lead generation initiatives.| |\n|Digital Marketing|AI-powered copywriting for compelling content creation across various platforms. Designing engaging web pages, implementing targeted email marketing campaigns, and strategizing social media marketing initiatives. Configuring Smart Engage and partner tools, utilizing data analysis to create personalized messaging, establish effective communication schedules, and optimize ongoing programs.| |\n|Sales Development|Multi-channel interactions to identify, qualify, engage, and seamlessly pass on leads to your team for further nurturing and conversion.| |\n|Research and Data Analysis|Continuous refinement of Ideal Customer Profiles (ICP) and targeting strategies, enriching the target database for precise and relevant lead generation.| |\n|Sales Support|Maintaining data accuracy, enriching prospect information, and delivering detailed Lead Handoff Briefs containing suggested introductions and customized communication strategies.| |\n---\n# B. Strategies for Success\n\nUtilize our tailored, multi-channel strategies that are time-tested to elevate every stage of your marketing funnel. With client-centered collaboration, we ensure that our strategies align perfectly with your business goals, providing express onboarding to get you up and running quickly.\n\n# 1 Identification\n\nMarket Research and Data Enrichment Activities\nInvolve working togeper to define pe Ideal Customer Profile (ICP). This includes finding pe right companies, key people, and essential details for personalized outreach. Regular updates keep pe information accurate and helpful for finding leads.\nTarget ICP Generation\nWe develop a comprehensive Ideal Customer Profile (ICP) pat accurately represents your target audience. We utilize a wide range of data sources, including: firmographics data, active clients and competitors\u2019 clients, history of named accounts, and prospects wip intent signals.\n\n# 2 Awareness\n\nInbound, Digital, and Content Marketing\nComprehensive website management, including pe efficient handling of contact forms, web chat support, and managing inbound leads for a seamless customer experience.\nStrategic Social Media Marketing\nDeploy targeted and strategic social media campaigns to bolster brand awareness and engagement.\n\n# 3 Engagement\n\nMulti-channel Customer Prospecting\nWe create a seamless, integrated one-on-one experience across 7 marketing channels to put your offer in front of your target prospects. Our multi-channel approach encompasses voice, email, social media, SMS, instant messaging, and events outreach for effective prospect engagement.\nLead Qualification\nProspects are evaluated to determine if pey meet pe criteria based on peir fit and intent.\n\n# 4 Conversion\n\nAppointment Setting\nStreamline your sales process wip our comprehensive appointment setting and confirmation services, securing valuable meetings wip best-fit accounts.\nEvents Lead Generation\nAmplify your event impact wip targeted lead engagement, driving bop pre-event buzz and post-event follow-up success.\nSales and Marketing Alignment\nWe provide a comprehensive Lead Handover Brief to ensure a seamless sales handoff and equip your team wip pe necessary details for pe effective continuation of pe sales process. We also collect feedback from your Sales team on lead or appointment satisfaction ratings to constantly improve our targeting and outreach strategies.\n\n# C. Powerful Systems\n\nThe Callbox program is powered by our Smart Engage Platform and other MarTech integrations to streamline lead management, automate personalized outreach, and drive targeted prospect engagement for optimized conversions.\n---\n# Order Summary\n\n|Item and Description|Package Price|Quantity|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Essential|32,000 USD|1|32,000 USD|\n|800 outreach activities per week| | | |\n|Database Profiling and Enrichment| | | |\n|Lead Qualification| | | |\n|Lead Qualification - Call-verified| | | |\n|Appointment Setting| | | |\n|Event Registration| | | |\n|Targeted On-page SEO or Content Syndication| | | |\n|Website Management| | | |\n|Contact Form| | | |\n|Web Chat| | | |\n|Outbound Channels| | | |\n|Voice| | | |\n|Email| | | |\n|Social Media Messaging| | | |\n|Instant Messaging| | | |\n|Content Creation + Management| | | |\n|Outreach copies| | | |\n|EDMs| | | |\n|Landing Pages| | | |\n|Sales and Marketing Alignment| | | |\n|Appointment Confirmation| | | |\n|Appointment Tracking and Pipeline Forecasting| | | |\n|Sales Cadence Recommendation| | | |\n|Second Meeting Follow-up| | | |\n|HubSpot CRM Account| | | |\n|3 free users| | | |\n|Total| | |32,000 USD|\n---\n# Contract Period\n\nThe Essential Suite service contract extends over 6 months. This contract is automatically renewed for the next 6 months unless the Client signifies in writing the non-renewal of the contract fifteen (15) business days before the end of the current term.\n\n# Payment Details\n\nA. The Total Price is payable upon contract signing prior to pe start of pe initial campaign.\nB. Forms of payment include credit card, ACH, check, Veem, and Bill.com. Remittances in currencies oper pan USD may be converted to USD. Note pat conversion rates may vary.\nC. Prices indicated are exclusive of applicable government taxes. Any such taxes shall be paid by pe Client.\nD. Mode of payment (please indicate before signing):\n\n|Credit Card|Bank/Wire Transfer|Check|\n|---|---|---|\n|Veem|Bill.com|Payoneer|\n---\n# Terms And Conditions\n\n|1. TERM|This Agreement shall become effective upon the date the Client has sent a duly signed Acceptance form to Callbox Pte Ltd.|\n|---|---|\n|2. RESPONSIBILITIES AND OBLIGATIONS|2.1. Callbox Pte Ltd agrees to perform, on the Client's behalf, the services as outlined in 'I. Services and Scope of Work' of this Agreement. 2.2. Client agrees to provide such details required to create approved marketing data. For programs involving outbound call services, the Call List provider agrees to provide a Target Call List 'scrubbed' against the DoNotCall.gov registry. Both Callbox Pte Ltd and Client agree to the submission of Call List, Email List and, Call Script in full compliance with all Federal, State, City, and Local laws and regulations regarding Email Marketing and Telemarketing policies. Client shall be indemnified against any and all claims arising from infractions of such policies, laws, and regulations. 2.3. Callbox Pte Ltd agrees to provide phone lines and any required software or hardware necessary to provide the services as described in 'I. Services and Scope of Work' of this Agreement. 2.4. Any revisions to the program requirements must be made in writing by the Client to Callbox Pte Ltd. The subsequent addendum to the contract must be signed and agreed upon by the parties. Corresponding adjustments to the service fees may apply.|\n|3. FEES/CHARGES|3.1. The Client agrees to pay Callbox Pte Ltd for its services at the rates set forth in 'II. Order Summary' of this Agreement. 3.2. The Client may request in writing that Callbox Pte Ltd implement modifications to the agreed services. Callbox Pte Ltd will be given reasonable time to comply with the Client's new requirements as well as to adjust the corresponding fees.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 9242, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "4ca9ea4b-6f18-42a7-b7b3-73d7caca9cc8": {"__data__": {"id_": "4ca9ea4b-6f18-42a7-b7b3-73d7caca9cc8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Call Box Proposal.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Call Box Proposal.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "574cc19a-ba7a-4a87-b164-960470c006a2", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Call Box Proposal.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Call Box Proposal.pdf"}, "hash": "d799d63ee4cc53c4dfd56c324887cdea18e00eefb327800606971892def403e0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6bd7ff33-94a7-46b3-85fc-54c227301aea", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Call Box Proposal.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Call Box Proposal.pdf"}, "hash": "857e1433f4325bc8c6ca4339b2c6ff8eaff77d355041d8655185237608bb1c44", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The Client may request in writing that Callbox Pte Ltd implement modifications to the agreed services. Callbox Pte Ltd will be given reasonable time to comply with the Client's new requirements as well as to adjust the corresponding fees. Should more extensive training be required to meet the new program, the Client and Callbox Pte Ltd will agree on an appropriate timeline to begin.|\n|4. TERMINATION|4.1. Any termination of the contract shall not entitle the Client to any refund and that all related fees through the end of the Term are due based on the Payment Details under 'IV. Payment Details'. 4.2. All deposits and monies paid by Client shall be forfeited in favor of Callbox Pte Ltd in case of pre-termination or cancellation by the Client for any reason before the start of or during the Contract period. Unpaid services already rendered by Callbox Pte Ltd are immediately due and demandable. 4.3. Failure by Client to provide Callbox Pte Ltd with information and assistance within twelve (12) months from the date of payment constitutes termination of this Agreement.|\n---\n# Terms And Conditions\n\n|5. CONFIDENTIALITY|Callbox Pte Ltd acknowledges that all information provided by the Client will or may be confidential, proprietary, or affected by competitive sensitivity, and will treat all of the information as confidential, disclosed to employees on a need-to-know basis only. At the Client's written request, Callbox Pte Ltd will return all copies of any written information when it no longer needs the information, excluding billing data and documentation. Callbox Pte Ltd adheres to strict privacy policy as found here: Privacy Policy|\n|---|---|\n|6. FORCE MAJEURE|Client expressly relieves Callbox Pte Ltd from liability for any failure to perform, hereunder, if such failure is due to causes beyond the control of such party, such as labor difficulties, acts of God, governmental action, war, fires, floods, epidemic, or the like.|\n|7. VENUE OF LEGAL ACTION|In case of dispute arising out of or related to this Agreement, the venue for the filing of legal actions shall be the Courts of the State of Singapore, to the exclusion of all other courts. The laws of State of Singapore shall govern the interpretation and enforcement of this agreement.|\n|8. NON-SOLICITATION|During the term of this agreement and for an indefinite period subsequent to the termination of this agreement, Client shall not, without the prior consent of Callbox Pte Ltd, directly, indirectly, or through any other party hire or solicit the services of any Callbox Pte Ltd employee. For any breach, Client shall pay an agreed penalty of US$50,000 for each employee.|\n|9. AMENDMENTS|This Agreement may be modified in writing if signed by the parties in interest at the time of the modification.|\n---\n# callbox FOR MARKETING AND SALES OUTSOURCING SOLUTIONS\n\nV I . Signature\n\n|NAME:|Pei Kang Ng|\n|---|---|\n|JOB TITLE:|CEO/President/Owner|\n|COMPANY:|TRIA Pte Ltd|", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 9004, "end_char_idx": 11956, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f1e12447-88d8-42c4-b3c3-b886f644d8bd": {"__data__": {"id_": "f1e12447-88d8-42c4-b3c3-b886f644d8bd", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Meeting with Martel Group.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "2f6c3bb9-5b44-4989-90e9-a8b3179abb9b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Meeting with Martel Group.docx"}, "hash": "452ae104412f8b431a2709cf4d992c66df241130c3755fc35b70ca87315e74ba", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Meeting with Martel Group\n\nUse local reps \u2013 overseas /3 channels approach\nReps with B2B sales of experience\n\n\nGermany Denmark UK, Netherlands, Switzerland", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 154, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "51127064-c4a7-4a8a-8505-f5033d6defe0": {"__data__": {"id_": "51127064-c4a7-4a8a-8505-f5033d6defe0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "29807e15-16c2-4a88-8ae5-185dd9b313b3", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "hash": "c2ca774258205cf87934275b009ce066f4d32393aece7a3bad464b0d308b6009", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c0672079-149c-40df-9490-f6c7e679e93c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "919a68a271024050417e9dc9f9508f77672e8c16d19fd426d9779fad74fa108d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "TRIA PTE. LTD.\n\n67 Ayer Rajah Crescent, #02-20/21, Singapore 139950\n\nUEN: 201424823N\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nApproach for \nTRIA\u2019s PIZZahood lead generatiON \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPLAYBOOK Version 1.0\n\nApr 2024\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nContent\n\n1)\tchanneling leads from Markets to HQ\t2\n\n2)\tUnderstanding the product: PIzzahood\t2\n\n2.1.\tHistory of PIZZA BOXES and TODAY\u2019s CONTEXT\t2\n\n2.2.\tChallenges with Pizza Packaging from a Business and Operational Perspective\t4\n\n2.3.\tTRIA\u2019s Unique Solution\t7\n\n2.4.\tKey Features of Pizzahood\t7\n\n2.5.\tBenefits of Pizzahood\t8\n\n2.6.\tQuestions that prospects could ask:\t10\n\n3)\tTarget Market ANalysis\t17\n\n3.1.\tIdentification of top 5 pizza brands\t17\n\n4)\tIdentify Key Decision Makers\t18\n\n4.1.\tLead Generation Channels\t18\n\n4.2.\tQuestions to ask prospects\t19\n\n5)\tHandling objections\t20\n\nAbout TRIA\t21\n\n\n\n\n\n\nchanneling leads from Markets to HQ\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUnderstanding the product: PIzzahood\n\nHistory of PIZZA BOXES and TODAY\u2019s CONTEXT\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nChallenges with Pizza Packaging from a Business and Operational Perspective\n\nIntroducing new solutions to a pizza food service chain presents various challenges, including resistance to change, cost concerns, operational integration complexities, staff training needs, customer acceptance uncertainties, regulatory compliance requirements, supplier relationship considerations, competitive landscape dynamics, risks of failure, and long-term sustainability assessments. Overcoming these challenges demands strategic planning, stakeholder engagement, risk management and a clear understanding of business objectives, ensuring that the implementation process is methodical, collaborative and aimed at maximizing success.\n\nUsage of plastic packaging used in the pizza industry poses several problems, particularly in terms of sustainability and environmental impact. One of the main issues is that plastic waste can end up in landfills or polluting the natural environment. This waste can take hundreds of years to decompose, contributing to environmental degradation and climate change.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOperational Considerations:\n\nInsufficient Protection: Pizza packaging must adequately protect the pizza during transportation to prevent damage, leakage, or crushing. Insufficient packaging may lead to flattened or deformed pizzas, causing dissatisfaction among customers. \n[Refer to Key Features]\n\nTemperature Control: Maintaining the optimal temperature of the pizza is crucial to preserve its quality and freshness. Inadequate insulation or ventilation in packaging can result in heat loss or moisture buildup, leading to soggy or lukewarm pizzas upon delivery. \n[Refer to Key Features]\n\nCondensation and Grease Leakage: Condensation and grease from hot pizzas can accumulate inside the packaging, causing the box to weaken or become soggy. This can result in leaks, making the packaging messy and unappealing to customers.\n[Refer to Key Features]\n\nStorage and Stackability: Pizza boxes should be designed for efficient storage and stackability to optimize space utilization in restaurants, delivery vehicles, and customer homes. Bulky or irregularly shaped packaging can pose logistical challenges and increase storage costs. [Refer to Key Features]\n\nPrint Quality and Branding: Poor print quality or design on pizza packaging can detract from the brand image and affect customer perception. Faded logos, smudged ink, or unclear text may convey unprofessionalism and diminish brand trust. [Refer to Key Features]\n\n\n\nBusiness Considerations: \n\nEnvironmental Impact: Traditional pizza packaging materials such as styrofoam or non-recyclable plastics contribute to environmental pollution. Customers are increasingly concerned about sustainability, leading to a demand for eco-friendly packaging alternatives. [Refer to Benefits]\n\nCost Considerations: Balancing the cost of pizza packaging with its quality and functionality is essential for businesses. Cheap or flimsy packaging may save costs initially but can lead to negative customer experiences and decreased brand loyalty in the long run. [Refer to Benefits]\n\nCustomization and Personalization: Offering customizable packaging options to accommodate different pizza sizes, toppings, and dietary preferences can enhance customer satisfaction. However, implementing customization features may increase production complexity and costs. [Refer to Benefits]\n\nRegulatory Compliance: Pizza packaging must comply with food safety regulations and labeling requirements to ensure consumer health and safety. Non-compliance with regulatory standards can result in fines, legal penalties, and damage to the brand's reputation. [Refer to Benefits]\n\nSupply Chain Disruptions: Disruptions in the supply chain, such as shortages of raw materials or transportation delays, can impact the availability and quality of pizza packaging. Businesses must have contingency plans in place to mitigate supply chain risks and ensure consistent packaging supply. [Refer to Benefits]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTRIA\u2019s Unique Solution\n\n\n\nIntroducing PizzaHood: The Ultimate Solution for Sustainable and Efficient Pizza Packaging\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nKey Features of Pizzahood\n\n\n\nConnecting Deck System: Allows for easy stacking and carrying of multiple pizza boxes, reducing the need for additional packaging materials.\n\nHumidity Control: Reduces humidity within the box without causing rapid temperature fluctuations, preserving the quality of the pizza during transit.\n\nReinforced Roof Design: Prevents roof collapse due to condensation, ensuring pizzas remain intact and undamaged.\n\nTamper-Proof Lock: Enhances food safety and brand protection by securing the contents of the box and assuring customers that their order has not been tampered with.\n\nFoldable Handle: Critical for supporting decking function, allowing for convenient stacking and transport of multiple boxes.\n\nElimination of Pizza Saver: The reinforced roof design eliminates the need for a pizza saver, further reducing plastic waste and streamlining the packaging process.\n\nEasy Assembly: Requires only a 2-step action to form the box, saving time and increasing operational efficiency. Almost ready-to-use, eliminating the need to fold boxes in advance.\n\nSpace-Saving Design: Flat-packed and ready-to-use preformed boxes require less storage space compared to traditional pre-folded boxes, optimizing storage efficiency.\n\nCustomisation of boxes: Packaging can be customised to brand\u2019s requirements with high quality prints and logo placements. \n\n\n\n\n\nBenefits of Pizzahood\n\n\n\nEnvironmental Impact: By eliminating the need for pizza savers and reducing plastic waste, PizzaHood removes 200 tons of plastic waste annually, contributing to environmental sustainability.\n\nCost Savings: Implementing PizzaHood can lead to significant cost savings. Charging consumers for single-use plastic bags and expanding the use of PizzaHood for side orders further reduces plastic waste and operational costs.\n\nOperational Efficiency: The 2-step assembly process and space-saving design of PizzaHood save time and labor costs, equivalent to 22,000 man-hours annually. Additionally, the reduced need for storage space translates to savings on rental costs for outlets.\n\nQuality Assurance: The reinforced roof design limits roof deformation due to humidity to less than 10mm, ensuring pizzas arrive at their destination in optimal condition.\n\n\n\n\n\nPizzaHood revolutionizes pizza packaging with its innovative features, delivering sustainability, efficiency and quality assurance in every box. Join us in making a positive impact on the environment and your bottom line with PizzaHood. \n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nQuestions that prospects could ask: \n\n\n\nProduct Features and Functionality:\n\nHow does the Pizzahood packaging system work and what are its key features?\nThe Pizzahood packaging system features a unique connecting deck system that allows for easy stacking and carrying of multiple boxes, reducing the need for additional packaging materials during transportation. They are already pre-formed and saves your staff\u2019s time to fold boxes. \n\n\n\nWill the water vapour emitted by the warm pizza commonly lead to condensation, potentially softening the cardboard?\n\nPlastic bag usage typically leads to condensation and softening of boxes, whereas omitting plastic bags allows steam penetration. However, with TRIA's carefully selected paper type, effective resistance to steam is ensured. Rest assured, extensive testing has confirmed the integrity of the boxes, including temperature assessments conducted on both the pizza and the packaging boxes. \n\n\n\nCan you provide more details on how the connecting deck system and reinforced roof design function? \n\nThe reinforced roof design prevents collapse due to condensation, ensuring that pizzas arrive intact and fresh. Refer to video for more details.\n\n\n\nHow does the tamper-proof lock ensure food safety and brand protection?\nThe tamper proof lock is specially designed to enhance food safety and brand protection. When it is torn apart, it shows that the food has been tampered, hence providing assurance to customers that their orders are fresh from the oven. \n\n\n\nWhat materials are used in the Pizzahood packaging, and how do they compare in terms of durability and sustainability?\n\nCustomized E-Flute material is used that reduces the pulp content by at least 15% as compared to conventional corrugated box material.\u200b For 40 million boxes annually, pulp reduction based 20gram per box, 800 ton of pulp saved per year! Refer to \u201cTEST METHODLOGY OF TRIA\u2019S 12\u201d PIZZAHOOD BOX FOR WEIGHT LOADING EQUIVALENT TO THREE STACKS OF PIZZAS (3.2KG)\u201d whereby both structural and weight loading of the pizza boxes are tested.\n\n\n\nCost Savings and Environmental Impact:\n\nCan you provide a breakdown of the cost savings and environmental benefits associated with using Pizzahood?\n\nBy implementing Pizzahood, your business can significantly reduce costs associated with plastic waste disposal and operational inefficiencies. Removing 200 tons of plastic waste annually through the elimination of single-use plastic bags and pizza savers not only saves on waste management expenses but also demonstrates a commitment to environmental sustainability.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 10209, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c0672079-149c-40df-9490-f6c7e679e93c": {"__data__": {"id_": "c0672079-149c-40df-9490-f6c7e679e93c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "29807e15-16c2-4a88-8ae5-185dd9b313b3", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "hash": "c2ca774258205cf87934275b009ce066f4d32393aece7a3bad464b0d308b6009", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "51127064-c4a7-4a8a-8505-f5033d6defe0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "hash": "ce3e265a36294c0f49683118e224ef5e86856754bc5a955607f8eb622272e7f3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b44a4582-fcfa-4486-aa1d-ef598cbae369", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1472f31492cf3213ca09ceda2cbfd5cf5483291f35b84f24190708d2157d3bcc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "How does the reduction of plastic waste and operational efficiencies translate into tangible financial savings for my business?\n\nThe operational efficiencies gained from the 2-step box formation process and reduced storage space requirements translate into substantial financial savings, estimated at USD 220K annually.\n\n\n\nWhat are the potential long-term cost implications of switching to Pizzahood compared to our current packaging solutions?\n\nIn addition to the immediate cost savings and environmental benefits, transitioning to Pizzahood can lead to long-term cost reductions and enhanced brand image. By embracing sustainable packaging, your business can position itself as a forward-thinking industry leader committed to environmental stewardship. This shift not only aligns with evolving consumer preferences but also fosters a stronger connection with your customer base. TRIA\u2019s vast experience in redesigning sustainable packaging can enhance customers\u2019 overall dining experience, reinforcing positive associations with your brand and fostering greater customer satisfaction.\n\n\n\nOperational Integration:\n\nHow seamless is the integration of the Pizzahood packaging system into our existing operations?\n\nThe integration of the Pizzahood packaging system into your existing operations is remarkably straightforward. Thanks to the user-friendly design tailored for take-away purposes, minimal training is required for your staff and delivery team. Our team will provide brief guidance on handling the boxes, ensuring that your operations continue seamlessly without any significant disruptions.\n\n\n\nAre there any additional training or equipment requirements for our staff to effectively use Pizzahood?\n\nMinimal training is required for staff to become proficient in using the packaging system, and there are no additional equipment requirements. \n\n\n\nWhat support is available for troubleshooting or addressing any issues that may arise during the implementation process?\n\nOur dedicated support team is available to assist with any questions or issues that may arise during the implementation process, ensuring a smooth transition.\n\n\n\n\nCustomer Experience and Feedback:\n\nHow does the Pizzahood packaging enhance the overall customer experience compared to traditional packaging options? Have there been any customer trials or feedback studies conducted with Pizzahood? If so, what were the results?\n\nCustomer trials and feedback studies have shown overwhelmingly positive responses to Pizzahood. Customers appreciate the convenience of the tamper-proof lock, the improved structural integrity of the packaging and the elimination of the need for pizza savers. \n\n\n\nAre there any potential drawbacks or concerns raised by customers that we should be aware of before implementing Pizzahood?\n\nWhile customers may initially express concerns about the absence of pizza savers and potential shifting during delivery, rest assured that our meticulously designed box and rigorous testing have alleviated these worries. Pizzahood's innovative packaging not only ensures pizzas arrive fresh and intact but also minimizes the risk of tampering, enhancing overall customer satisfaction and fostering repeat business. Our commitment to quality and customer experience sets us apart, reassuring your customers and solidifying your brand's reputation. \n\n\n\nSupplier and Supply Chain Considerations:\n\nDo I have to work with TRIA as a new supplier or can I use my existing supplier to produce Pizzahood?\n\nYou have the flexibility to choose whether to work with TRIA as a new supplier or continue using your existing supplier to produce Pizzahood.\n\nPizzahood operates on a licensing model, allowing TRIA to collaborate with manufacturers worldwide to produce the boxes. With patented designs, TRIA assumes ownership of the entire production process, including Quality Assurance. This setup enables your brand to concentrate on core business activities.\n\nWe are open to discussing how this model can benefit your business further. Let's explore the possibilities together. \n\n\n\nCan you provide information on the availability and reliability of Pizzahood suppliers?\nPizzahood maintains strong partnerships with trusted suppliers, including renowned factories worldwide, to ensure the consistent availability and high quality of materials necessary for production. With factories strategically located across South East Asia, we mitigate risks associated with reliance on a single country. Additionally, each of our partner factories is equipped to maintain several months' worth of stockpile, ensuring uninterrupted supply for our clients even during unforeseen circumstances. \n\n\n\nHow does the procurement process for Pizzahood packaging compare to our current suppliers in terms of lead times, costs, and quality control?\nCompared to your current suppliers, Pizzahood offers a streamlined procurement process, ensuring shorter lead times without compromising on quality. Our rigorous quality control measures guarantee consistent product standards, surpassing industry benchmarks. Additionally, our efficient operations enable us to offer competitive costs while meeting or exceeding your expectations for timely delivery. With Pizzahood, you can expect a seamless procurement experience that sets new standards in reliability and efficiency. \n\n\n\n\n\nAre there any potential risks or challenges associated with sourcing Pizzahood packaging materials or components?\n\nWhile we acknowledge the significance of a dependable supply chain, we are committed to mitigating any associated risks or challenges. Our Global Supply Chain team conducts annual audit checks with our partner factories, ensuring that established protocols are upheld and quality standards are maintained. Additionally, we actively engage with new suppliers to diversify our sources, further bolstering our resilience to potential disruptions. With our proactive approach and unwavering commitment to quality, you can trust in the reliability of our sourcing processes. \n\n\n\nWhat if my supplier is unable to manufacture TRIA\u2019s Pizzahood? How are we going to manage it? Can TRIA offer alternative supplier?\n\nSince your supplier is already producing pizza boxes for you, we anticipate a smooth production process for Pizzahood. It's designed to align with standard manufacturing conditions for corrugated food boxes and TRIA will be responsible to ensure a transfer of know-hows. However, if any issues arise, TRIA has established relationships with multiple manufacturers. We can swiftly arrange an alternative supplier to ensure uninterrupted production.\n\n\n\nHow will TRIA guarantee a dependable supply of packaging considering its absence in my market? \n\nThrough a licensing model, we can collaborate directly with your distributor, if available. Alternatively, we can engage with your current packaging manufacturer to produce the pizza boxes, as discussed in question 17. \n\n\n\nHow will liability be assigned in case of any problems with the packaging boxes if we decide to retain our current distributor? \n\nTRIA's manufacturing partners boast extensive experience, ensuring robust quality control measures. Under our licensing arrangement, the designated distributor will possess the authority to scrutinize our packaging products to maintain consistent quality assurance, consequently sharing in the liabilities as well.\n\n\n\nHow does TRIA safeguard business continuity? \n\nTRIA maintains a network of manufacturing partners throughout Asia, spanning Singapore, Malaysia and China, poised to activate any facility in case of significant supply shortages. Moreover, we prioritize close collaboration with your distributor, preferred manufacturing partner or procurement team to establish ample safety stock levels for both your warehouse and our factories, ensuring uninterrupted operations.  \n\n\n\nHow does TRIA ensure compliance with relevant regulations and ethical standards in its supply chain, including labour practices, fair trade principles, and responsible sourcing of materials?\n\nTRIA takes compliance with regulations and ethical standards seriously across its entire supply chain. We have implemented robust supplier assessment and monitoring processes to ensure adherence to labour practices, fair trade principles, and responsible sourcing of materials. Our supplier selection criteria prioritize partners who share our commitment to ethical and sustainable practices. Additionally, we conduct regular audits and assessments to verify compliance with applicable regulations and standards. Transparency and accountability are integral to our approach, and we continuously strive to uphold the highest ethical standards in all aspects of our operations. \n\n\nCompetitive Advantage and Differentiation:\n\n\n\nHow does adopting Pizzahood give us a competitive advantage in the market compared to other pizza brands?\n\nBy adopting Pizzahood, your brand gains a distinct competitive edge in the market, showcasing a dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. Pizzahood's innovative features, including the connecting deck system, reinforced roof design, and tamper-proof lock, set your brand apart from competitors, bolstering your reputation and establishing you as an industry leader. Furthermore, this adoption not only appeals to environmentally-conscious consumers but also unlocks a new segment of the market, expanding your customer base and driving growth opportunities.\n\n\n\n\n\nAre there any exclusivity agreements or branding opportunities available with Pizzahood that can help differentiate our brand?\n\nWe are eager to explore opportunities to develop a mutually beneficial long-term relationship with your brand. We welcome discussions regarding potential exclusivity agreements and branding opportunities with Pizzahood that can help differentiate your brand in the market. Our team is committed to collaborating closely with you to identify innovative solutions that align with your brand objectives and enhance your competitive advantage.  \n\n\n\nWill the design of Pizzahood be exclusive to my brand, or will it be similar to those used by other adopters?\n\nThe design of Pizzahood can be customized to suit your brand's unique requirements, ensuring that it stands out and aligns with your brand expression. While the basic functionality remains consistent across adopters, the final design will reflect your brand's individual identity. Collaboration with our design team will ensure that the Pizzahood aligns perfectly with your brand's aesthetics and functional needs.\n\n\n\nHow much of customisation can I create for my brand?\n\nThe artwork of Pizzahood can be customized to suit your brand's unique requirements, ensuring that it stands out and aligns with your brand expression. For any additional features that requires further R&D, we will bring in our Solutioning Team to continue this conversation.   \n\n\n\n\n\nOther expected questions:\n\n\n\nWhat is the cost of Pizzahood?\n\nThank you for your interest. We offer various manufacturing options, including collaboration with your existing supplier, to ensure competitive pricing. \n\n\n\nHow soon can I get samples delivered to my office? \n\nThank you for your interest. Given the proprietary nature of our patented design, confidentiality is paramount. We kindly request the establishment of a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) before proceeding with the delivery of samples. Once this is in place, we can then move forward with a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). How can we begin this process?", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 10214, "end_char_idx": 21731, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b44a4582-fcfa-4486-aa1d-ef598cbae369": {"__data__": {"id_": "b44a4582-fcfa-4486-aa1d-ef598cbae369", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "29807e15-16c2-4a88-8ae5-185dd9b313b3", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "hash": "c2ca774258205cf87934275b009ce066f4d32393aece7a3bad464b0d308b6009", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c0672079-149c-40df-9490-f6c7e679e93c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "hash": "4c78b8180e55cba86aa89c535a500450bea21961f8d8f0fffdecd4d2a8df7252", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Target Market ANalysis\n\nIdentification of top 5 pizza brands\n\nUnderstand the market share, distribution channels and any recent news or changes in their operations. \n\nConsider factors such as brand reputation, market share, and geographical presence. \n\nUnderstand the preferences and requirements of these brands regarding pizza packaging. \n\nDefine the ideal customer profile for the pizza packaging products, including characteristics such as size of the pizza chain, geographic location, volume of pizza sales, and packaging needs. \n\nFocus efforts on targeting businesses that fit this profile to maximize the likelihood of success.\n\n\n\n\nRoadBlocks\n\nSolution\n\nLimited access to market data or outdated information can hinder the agent's ability to identify the top pizza brands accurately, leading to inefficient targeting efforts.\n\nEngagement with a seasoned/retired senior executive in the pizza industry will speed up efforts.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIdentify Key Decision Makers\n\n\n\nIn identifying key decision-makers within the top pizza brands, it's essential to target individuals with extensive industry expertise, particularly in control over food packaging and sustainability practices. \n\nThese decision-makers, ranging from marketing directors to purchasing managers and business owners, play a pivotal role in influencing packaging procurement decisions. \n\nMoreover, they should possess strong communication skills to effectively convey the benefits of sustainable packaging solutions to stakeholders across departments.\n\nThe ability to foster collaboration among various functional areas, including marketing, procurement and sustainability is crucial to ensure alignment with the company's overarching goals and consumer preferences. \n\nDecision-makers must consider external influences such as regulatory requirements, market trends and evolving consumer demands when making packaging-related decisions.\n\nIt's imperative that these individuals have a forward-thinking approach and a long-term vision for transforming the company's brand to align with sustainable practices and evolving market trends. \n\nThey should be open to embracing innovative packaging solutions that not only meet sustainability goals but also enhance the brand's image and customer experience. \n\nA top-down approach e.g. General Manager is often preferred for expediting decision-making processes and ensuring swift implementation of sustainable packaging initiatives. \n\nLead Generation Channels\n\nConsider various lead generation channels that agents can utilize to identify and connect with potential leads. This may include cold outreach via email, LinkedIn, phone calls, attending industry events and trade shows, leveraging social media platforms and utilizing online directories and databases. Utilize a combination of communication channels to reach out to target contacts and establish connections.\n\n\nQuestions to ask prospects\n\nWhat are your thoughts on the video content? (after sharing the Pizzahood video as a lure)\n\nHow many pizza outlets do you currently operate?\n\nWhat's the scale of your business, in terms of daily pizza sales?\n\nWhat are the dimensions of the pizzas you offer? For instance, what size is your personal pan pizza?\n\nWhat's the average monthly consumption of your pizzas by your customers?\n\nTo what extent does sustainability factor into your business strategy?\n\nCan you describe how your distribution system functions?\n\nAre there any existing supplier agreements in place for your ingredients?\n\nDo you perceive potential collaboration opportunities for TRIA within your business model?\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHandling objections  \n\nAnticipate common objections from potential clients, such as pricing concerns or existing supplier relationships, and prepare responses to address these objections effectively. Negotiate terms and conditions to close deals that are mutually beneficial.\n\nRoadblocks: Lack of experience in handling objections or negotiating deals, as well as resistance from potential clients, can prolong the sales cycle and lead to lost opportunities\n\n\n\nDocumenting and reporting progress\n\nDocumenting and Reporting Progress:\n\nMaintain detailed records of all interactions with potential leads, including contact information, communication history, and progress updates. Provide regular reports to the company on lead generation activities, pipeline status, and outcomes.\n\nRoadblocks: Inadequate record-keeping practices or failure to accurately report progress can result in miscommunication within the sales team and hinder strategic decision-making.\n\n\n\n\nAbout TRIA\n\nTRIA is an award-winning company for sustainable and innovative foodware solutions, with a firm commitment to reduce reliance on fossil-based plastics while promoting the use of nature-based renewables. One of TRIA\u2019s goals is to enable the circularity of single-use foodware, which is largely still being sent to landfills and incinerators today. \n\nTRIA's closed-loop solution for foodware is an end-to-end system that supplies and collects single-use foodware for recycling. It emulates nature's system of continuous resource renewal, made possible by the integration of advanced technologies. TRIA\u2019s patented solution utilizes plant-derived materials and microbial biodegradation to allow both foodware and food waste to be recycled together in a single stream which eliminates the need for source segregation - an industry first. This solution is currently being piloted by leading food service providers, such as KFC and SATS.\n\nTRIA has been featured in over 100 global media channels in recent years, and has received numerous awards, including the Emerging Enterprise Award and the ASEAN-Korea Excellent Design Award. The company's CEO, Ng Pei Kang, has been honoured with a place on Eco-Business's A-list for Sustainability Leadership and serves as a juror for the Singapore Good Design Award for sustainable solutions.\n\nTRIA is headquartered in Singapore and is supported by venture capital funds with a mandate to enable circular food systems and reduce carbon emissions to combat the impacts of climate change.\n\nwww.tria.solutions \n\n\n\n\n\nTRIA | Approach for PIZZAHOOD Lead Generation | Confidential | Page 1 of 23", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 21734, "end_char_idx": 27926, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "298f25b5-df2f-4950-ae37-6b1fc128c027": {"__data__": {"id_": "298f25b5-df2f-4950-ae37-6b1fc128c027", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/SalesAR_ All offers presentation.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/SalesAR_ All offers presentation.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "f3db79cc-b28c-489b-a142-e4b775c11c5b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/SalesAR_ All offers presentation.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/SalesAR_ All offers presentation.pdf"}, "hash": "581ace98612c3c16460bf2078b4b5cfbf68022a75d217810b7e9484fb42e093d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "9677b70e-2e4e-4981-9c3a-82a48365ebe8", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "0329e0c66926bd99a0af428b43eb92759b969c386ec26c5e1acd113c38d9219f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "If you\u2019re interested in getting more clients, more deals, and more business - you\u2019ve come to the right place.\n\nWarm leads are waiting for you\n---\n# About SalesAR\n\n# Company Overview\n\nFounded in 2019, SalesAR is one of the most rapidly rising companies in the B2B lead generation sector, already making it into the Top 10 global service providers (according to Clutch) by the end of 2022. Our team is comprised of talented professionals that bring a diverse range of skills, knowledge, and experience to the table.\n\n# Company Facts / Achievements / Statistics\n\n|3 Offices|United Kingdom / United States / Ukraine|\n|---|---|\n| |30K+ Appointments Set Up|\n| |400+ Clients in 40+ Countries|\n| |200K+ Leads Generated Each Month|\n| |30+ Different Industries|\n| |10x Average Client ROI|\n| |30+ Tools Used|\n| |80% Contract Prolongation Rate|\n\nWith a mission to maximize ROI and deliver new business opportunities for our clients, our core values are based around maximizing client satisfaction, and we do that by providing high-quality services. Our team is dedicated to staying ahead of the industry trends, utilizing innovative approaches to develop personalized solutions tailored to each client's unique needs. We are constantly looking for ways to improve, innovate, and optimize every aspect of the work we do.\n---\n# About salesar\n\nEvery bit of work we do is aimed at boosting sales, delivering high-quality results, and doing so at an amazing ROI for our clients.\n\nIt\u2019s always quality over quantity for us. Our communication with leads and clients is transparent and honest every step of the way.\nWhether you\u2019re struggling to stay afloat, or looking to expand, we will help you boost your sales and close new deals.\n80% of our clients extend their contracts due to the amazing ROI they experience by partnering with us.\nWe value the trust our clients place in us, which is why we make every effort to deliver fantastic results.\n---\n# World Class SalesAR\n\n|02/1|Accountability & Transparency|\n|---|---|\n|SalesAR consistently ranks among the Top Worldwide Lead Generation Companies, with an average Clutch rating of 4.9/5 across more than 50 reviews and client testimonials. We value honesty and straightforwardness in our communication, drawing the clients\u2019 awareness to every element of the process that requires their attention. We hold weekly reports and calls to stay on top of everything, and make adjustments along the way to deliver maximum results and industry-leading ROI.| |\n\n# Contract Flexibility\n\n|02/3|International Reach|\n|---|---|\n|With an 80% contract prolongation rate among our clients, you can rest assured that every bit of work we do is aimed towards delivering high-quality results. We have several entry-level and long-term options to choose from that vary in budget and timelines, giving you the flexibility to choose the best approach depending on your business requirements and limitations.| |\n\n# International Reach\n\n|02/4| |\n|---|---|\n|We have offices in Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States, in addition to a multitude of remote workers spread across the globe. Time zones are never a constraint. All work and communication processes are carried out according to schedule and the client\u2019s requirements. We even have the capability to do outreach in several foreign languages.| |\n---\n|SALESAR TEAM|\n|---|\n|SALESAR OFFICES|\n|UNITED KINGDOM|POLAND|\n|UKRAINE|GERMANY|\n|SLOVAKIA|FRANCE|\n|UNITED STATES|SPAIN|\n---\n|B2b Lead Generation & appointment setting|Prospect research|anti \u2013 spam campaign|\n|---|---|---|\n|04/1|04/2|04/3|\n---\n# B2B lead generation & appointment setting\n\nWhat's included:\n\n- Account Manager\n- Researchers\n- Sales Development Representative\n- New Email Domain Creation\n- Anti-Spam & Domain Health Checks\n- Content Writing + A/B Testing\n- LinkedIn Outreach\n- Email Outreach\n- Weekly Reports\n- Campaign Metrics Tracking\n- Weekly Team Calls\n- Appointment Setting\n- Cold Calling (Extra Payment)\n- CRM Integration (If Necessary)\n\nHow it works:\n\n1. Initial Onboarding\n2. Research & Content Strategizing\n3. Campaign Launch\n4. Appointment Setting & Adjustments\n---\n# Prospect\n\n|research|What's included|\n|---|---|\n|Research is more complex than most people assume, especially when it comes to finding up-to-date and valid contact information for specific decision-makers within companies. We employ a multitude of premium tools that help us in delivering research that is always factual and relevant.|A team of dedicated research managers that will manually search for the contact and company information that interests you|\n|Contact validation by making sure all contact and miscellaneous info is up-to-date and relevant|List cleanup & enrichment|\n\n# How it works\n\n1. Establishing the Ideal Customer Profile\n2. Preliminary Research\n3. List Refinement & Adjustments\n---\n# anti \u2013 spam\n\nWhat's included\n\n04/3\n\ncampaign\n\nAnti-Spam Audit\n\n- Domain overview\n- DNS checkout\n- Blacklist overview\n- Deliverability checkout\n- Spam-Filters overview\n\nSpam Fix + Support\n\nDNS records configuration\nEmails maintenance\nSpam tests\nPersonal technical manager\nWeekly reports\n---\n|Test|Basic|Basic +|Business|Business +|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|1 month|3 months|3 months|6 months|6 months|\n|1000 contacts|750 contacts|1500 contacts|750 contacts|1500 contacts|\n|Individual|15 appointments|30 appointments|30 appointments|60 appointments|\n|$ 4,200|$ 3,300|$ 4,500|$ 3,000|$ 4,200|\n---\n| |750 contacts|$2,000 + Appointment fee|\n|---|---|---|\n|growth| | |\n|growth + (best deal)|1500 contacts|$3,000 + Appointment fee|\n\nIdentical in terms of service to our standard Lead Generation & Appointment Setting campaign, the Growth & Growth+ packages differ in how the payments are structured. With these, you make a predetermined payment for a month's worth of research and outreach, and pay an additional appointment fee (included in the next invoice) for every meeting we set up with a prospect based on your ICP.\n---\n| |05/2|05/3|05/4|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|prospect research|ANTi \u2013 spam|Spam fix +|Support|\n|Dedicated Research Managers|Domain overview|DNS records configuration| |\n|Manual Research|DNS checkout|Emails maintenance| |\n|Contact Validation|Blacklist overview|Spam tests| |\n|List Cleanup|Deliverability checkout|Personal technical manager| |\n|List Enrichment|Spam-Filters overview|Weekly reports| |\n|$1.5 +|$300|$100| |\n\nDepends on the complexity of the research and the Ideal Customer Profile.\n\nThe monthly price per mailbox decreases based on the number of mailboxes.\n---\n# Case studies\n\n|Company|About the company|Campaign stats|\n|---|---|---|\n|Quicket|Quicket is a company that delivers self-service APIs with the airlines' data and immersive media that help travel partners deliver airline services via multiple web and mobile platforms.|81|\n|Quicket|The Objectives To find travel agencies and TravelTech companies that cooperate directly with airlines or airlines themselves and offer them interactive seat maps.|6000|\n|Quicket|The Results \"After a detailed discussion of the project, we prepared the first batch of leads and templates for the outreach and were ready to start. After the first few days, there were a lot of prospects interested in having demo calls.\"| |\n\n|IT Services and IT Consulting|B2B lead generation & appointment setting|Germany|\n|---|---|---|\n|\"After a detailed discussion of the project, we prepared the first batch of leads and templates for the outreach and were ready to start. After the first few days, there were a lot of prospects interested in having demo calls.\"|The number of calls kept growing, and by the end of the first month, more than 10 appointments were held. During the second month, SDR had already been working on numerous old conversations with those asking for more information and the new ones as well. Thanks to such a workflow, we overperformed in the first month of the outreach, scheduling more than 13 calls.| |\n\n2022 - ongoing\n\nMore cases on website\n---\n# Case studies\n\n|Company|About the company|Campaign stats|\n|---|---|---|\n|Vector Software|Vector Software offers custom software development and IT consulting services for clients across the globe. The company is registered in the United Kingdom. Enterprising professionals established it with strong IT backgrounds and over 20 years of experience.|88|\n\nThe Objectives\n\nStarting to work with Vector Software, we faced an exciting challenge because Nikolay immediately informed us that they were working in parallel with several more lead-gen companies. Then they will determine with whom to continue working further. When filling out the ICP, the Vector Software team did not restrict the selection of companies but voiced only one condition: \"We want to see in the database companies that are potentially interested in working with SoftDev as a company of our level.\"", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 8814, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9677b70e-2e4e-4981-9c3a-82a48365ebe8": {"__data__": {"id_": "9677b70e-2e4e-4981-9c3a-82a48365ebe8", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/SalesAR_ All offers presentation.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/SalesAR_ All offers presentation.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "f3db79cc-b28c-489b-a142-e4b775c11c5b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/SalesAR_ All offers presentation.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/SalesAR_ All offers presentation.pdf"}, "hash": "581ace98612c3c16460bf2078b4b5cfbf68022a75d217810b7e9484fb42e093d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "298f25b5-df2f-4950-ae37-6b1fc128c027", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/SalesAR_ All offers presentation.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/SalesAR_ All offers presentation.pdf"}, "hash": "d34df6c9efce03e212f9b48bb581c0032c4c613748949f4c07f18f0826487c23", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "When filling out the ICP, the Vector Software team did not restrict the selection of companies but voiced only one condition: \"We want to see in the database companies that are potentially interested in working with SoftDev as a company of our level.\"\n\nIT Services and IT Consulting\n\nb2b lead generation & appointment setting\n\nThe Results\n\nHaving received almost complete freedom from Vector Software, we had tremendous opportunities for experimentation. Not only in finding interesting companies but also in writing and testing different variants of texts, which took us several weeks. It is also worth noting the great help from Nikolai, who constantly corrected us and helped from his side. Towards the end of the first month, all our efforts began to bring results in the form of calls. Starting the second month, we offered the Vector Software team to increase the volume of our work several times so that, at the same time, the number of interesting responses would grow, to which they happily agreed.\n\nMore cases on website\n---\n# Case studies\n\n|Company|About the company|Campaign stats|\n|---|---|---|\n|Akridata|Akridata's Data Explorer is designed as an assistant for data scientists working on image and videos. The software lets them interact, filter, search, refine, and analyze complex visual data. It saves a lot of time in data wrangling, selection, and reduces the number of iterations.|76|\n\nThe Objectives\n\nTo do an outreach campaign aimed at data scientists in computer vision, deep learning, and AI-related spaces. Since the area of operation is very niche, the research and content strategy had to be prepared accordingly.\n\nThe Results\n\nWith our outreach partnership going on for more than a year now, it\u2019s safe to say that the client is completely satisfied with the results. Taking the standard approach of email & LinkedIn outreach, the strategy started demonstrating results from the first month. Throughout the campaign, content adjustments were made 5 times, one of which was the preparation of a separate sequence of messages for potential clients that would be attending a specific conference/exposition. The unique value proposition has proven to be effective in attracting new clients, and the option of a free trial and demo certainly helped the process. More cases on website\n\nSoftware Development\n\nB2B Lead Generation & Appointment Setting\n\nCalifornia, USA\n\n2021 - ongoing\n---\n# Contact us\n\n|124 City Road, London, United Kingdom|+1 (302) 966 98 70|info@salesar.io|\n|---|---|---|\n|16192 Coastal Highway, Lewes, Delaware 19958, County of Sussex|+380 (93) 202 22 31|salesar.io|\n|3 Okhtyrsky Lane, Kyiv, Ukraine| | |\n\nLinks:\n\n- LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/salesar/mycompany/linkedin\n- Clutch: https://clutch.co/profile/salesarClutch\n- G2: https://www.g2.com/products/salesar/reviews#reviewsG2\n- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/salesar.officialfacebook\n- Twitter: https://twitter.com/Salesar_heretwitter\n- Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/salesar.io/instagram", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 8563, "end_char_idx": 11571, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "5efc76b5-9446-427a-b103-14715bc40dcc": {"__data__": {"id_": "5efc76b5-9446-427a-b103-14715bc40dcc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "b1875299-0eac-426d-bfe7-2f1bdd7811be", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf"}, "hash": "0da8e206713566e420536cd8e67d1233305b6aad7347d0a47d8688473f419d64", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c853f933-d581-4852-b240-3b765a56dc00", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "e90aa005fbce9cdfdc17350ddd8e91b39baebdd7761a2a1fbf7623296e829586", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "# circulation\n\nGuidance on Using Disposables made of further Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore for National Environment Agency Cherish Saleguard Murlure\n\nAs of Oct 2023\n---\n# Introduction\n\nSingle-use items, also known as disposables (disposable bags, disposable foodware and utensils used for dine-in or takeaway meals), are typically made of plastic, paper, or biodegradable materials.\n\nBiodegradable materials are often seen as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional plastics. This is partly due to growing concern over the environmental problems caused by single-use plastics, such as marine litter and microplastics, especially in places where waste is landfilled or not properly managed, leading to leakage of these plastics into the environment.\n\nThis guidance note explains what biodegradable plastics are and why using biodegradable disposables may not be better in Singapore, in terms of environmental outcomes.\n\nA more sustainable approach is to first reduce the use of disposables; use and reuse reusables; and lastly use disposables made of materials that can be recycled, have recycled content, or are from sustainably managed sources, e.g. paper certified by Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI).\n\nDisclaimer: This guidance document aims to provide information and guidance to businesses and consumers on biodegradable plastics and paper-based disposables. NEA shall not be responsible for any errors or omissions appearing in this guide. All references and sources of the information appearing in this document have been cited and credited to the best of our knowledge.\n---\n# Introduction\n\nContents\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n3. Singapore\u2019s waste management landscape\n4. Potential applications\n5. What you can do\n6. Q&A and References\n\nCredits\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\nBiodegradation is a bio-chemical process in which materials, with the help of naturally occurring micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi, break down into substances such as water, carbon dioxide, methane, and biomass.\n\nThe rate of biodegradation of a material is dependent on factors such as composition of the material and its thickness, and environmental conditions (temperature, pH, availability of oxygen, type of micro-organisms). (EMF, ISWA, WasteMINZ)\n\nA biodegradable plastic is a plastic, made from biomass or fossil fuel, that can be broken down into natural elements with the help of naturally occurring micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi. (ISWA, Haider et al, EMF, WasteMINZ).\n\nIn the process, the plastic can fragment due to mechanical stress, light, temperature, and the action of micro-organisms (Haider et al). It is further broken down by micro-organisms into substances such as water, carbon dioxide, methane, and biomass. (ISWA, PLASTICS, Haider et al).\n\nThere is no agreed standard timeframe or environmental conditions for biodegradation of a \u201cbiodegradable plastic\u201d (WasteMINZ, WWF). Claims that a plastic is biodegradable should be accompanied by information about the timeframe, level of biodegradation, and required conditions (WasteMINZ).\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n|Commonly seen terms|Oxo-degradable/oxo-biodegradable plastics (termed \u201coxo-(bio)degradable\u201d in this document): Fossil-based plastics (e.g. PE, PP) with pro-degradant/pro-oxidant additives that are able to break down into smaller plastic fragments when exposed to UV light and/or heat in the presence of oxygen. These may biodegrade, whether partially or fully, depending on factors such as type of product and environmental conditions (EMF-OXO, EC, Scottish Government, PLASTICS) <NEA to reviewers: we will be numbering the references in the final document>|\n|---|---|\n|Oxo-(bio) degradable|Biodegradable plastics: Fossil-based or bio-based plastics that are able to be broken down by bacteria or fungi into water, carbon dioxide/methane, and biomass. The use of this term should be substantiated or qualified such as by meeting recognised standards with specific criteria e.g. EN 17033 Plastics \u2013 Biodegradable mulch films for use in agriculture and horticulture \u2013 Requirements and test methods. Also see \u201cCompostable plastics\u201d below.|\n|Biodegradable|Compostable plastics: Fossil-based or bio-based plastics that are able to be broken down by bacteria or fungi into water, carbon dioxide/methane, and biomass, within a defined period of time in a home or industrial composting environment, without leaving behind toxins or residue. There are recognised standards with specific criteria that a plastic that claims to be compostable should meet e.g. ASTM 6400 Standard Specification for Labeling of Plastics Designed to be Aerobically Composted in Municipal or Industrial Facilities, EN 13432 Requirements for Packaging Recoverable Through Composting and Biodegradation \u2013 Test Scheme and Evaluation Criteria for the Final Acceptance of Packaging, ISO 17088 Specifications for Compostable Plastics (PLASTICS, UNEP, ISWA, EIA)|\n\nDiagram illustrating types of plastics that could be categorized as \u2018biodegradable\u2019\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\nWhat are biodegradable plastics?\nAt times, plastics could be marked as bioplastics.\n\"Bioplastics\" is a vague term pat may refer to biodegradable plastics or bio-based plastics (WasteMINZ, Haider et al).\nBio-based plastic refers to plastic pat is derived from plants or oper biomass, wheper fully or partially (WWF, European Bioplastics, EMF).\nA bio-based plastic is not necessarily biodegradable. Conversely, a plastic can be fossil-fuel based and biodegradable. (European Bioplastics)\nUsing bio-based plastic does not always mean reduced environmental impact, as biomass feedstocks can be associated wip issues such as high greenhouse gas emissions, competition wip land for food, or land use change (EASAC, EMF). Feedstocks should be sourced and managed sustainably and any claimed environmental benefits should be quantified (WWF, EASAC).\n\n|Biobased|Non-biodegradable|Biodegradable|\n|---|---|---|\n|Bioplastics|Conventional plastics|Image source: European Bioplastics|\n|e.g: PLA, PHA, PBS, Starch blends|e.g: PE, PP, PET|eg PBAT; PCL|\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n\u201cThe ideal target of a plastic that breaks down naturally in the environment remains elusive\u2026 Rapid biodegradability remains in conflict with primary requirements for plastic packaging (stability, durability, etc.) and thus cannot at present offer an alternative to measures to reduce littering and release of plastics into the environment.\u201d - European Academics Science Advisory Council\n\n\u201cOn the balance of the available evidence, biodegradable plastics will not play a significant role in reducing marine litter.\u201d - United Nations Environment Programme\n\nBiodegradable and oxo-(bio)degradable plastic should not be seen as a solution to litter or marine debris (WWF, UNEP, EMF, PLASTICS). There is no guarantee that they will biodegrade in any environment within a short period of time (EMF, EMF-OXO WWF, PLASTICS). Any plastic (or other material) left in the open environment is litter and could pose a hazard to or be swallowed by wildlife, or persist as microplastic fragments (WasteMINZ, EIA, EMF-OXO). Research is still ongoing for plastics that will break down to environmentally benign residues in marine, freshwater or terrestrial environments \u2013 currently, such innovations are limited to specific conditions such as industrial composting (EASAC).\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 8029, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c853f933-d581-4852-b240-3b765a56dc00": {"__data__": {"id_": "c853f933-d581-4852-b240-3b765a56dc00", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "b1875299-0eac-426d-bfe7-2f1bdd7811be", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf"}, "hash": "0da8e206713566e420536cd8e67d1233305b6aad7347d0a47d8688473f419d64", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "5efc76b5-9446-427a-b103-14715bc40dcc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf"}, "hash": "c79149eecbd5eb447f8fcb2607957b5ecb8c271ea6ae67f6bede4a17a3fcdfd6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d5d042ec-42fd-4605-b20c-b4ad96cc8d89", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "daed1ec620b2041c8a8d4ac8614909f6558d520b809e0b2d7e8b2178fbc0db34", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n|Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)|Extraction and processing of raw materials|Environmental Impact|\n|---|---|---|\n|Life-cycle environmental impact of disposables|Plastics, paper; biodegradable plastics|Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions|\n|Resources such as oil, plants, water, and energy are used to produce disposables, transport them to users, and process them at waste treatment facilities.| | |\n|Biodegradable plastics may be made from fossil fuel or biomass such as corn, sugar cane, wheat, cellulose, waste vegetable oil, or derived from algae (EMF).| | |\n|Greenhouse gases are also emitted during the process of production, transportation, and disposal of disposables, especially if fossil fuels are burnt.| | |\n| |Disposal after Use, and Incineration/Landfilling|Environmental Impact|\n| | |GHG emissions|\n| | |Water use|\n| | |Energy use|\n| | | |\n| |Legend| |\n| |Water| |\n| |Energy| |\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n4. Potential applications\n5. What you can do\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\nA life-cycle assessment (LCA) study commissioned by the National Environment Agency compared the environmental impacts of carrier bags and food packaging over their whole life cycle, from extraction of resources, production, transportation, usage, and disposal in Singapore\u2019s waste management system.\n\nThe study found that each type of material has its own set of environmental impacts. Using disposables made of alternative materials such as biodegradable plastics is not always more environmentally friendly in Singapore\u2019s context.\n\nIt is more sustainable to reduce the use of disposables regardless of material, and use and reuse reusables as much as possible.\n\nFindings from NEA\u2019s Study \u2013 Dine-in Plates Global\n\n| |Water|Energy|Land use|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Single-use PP plate (3,650 pieces)| | | |\n|Corn starch plate (3,650 pieces)| | | |\n|Single-use PS plate (3,650 pieces)| | | |\n|Paper plate (3,650 pieces)| | | |\n|Melamine plate (One piece)| | | |\n|Porcelain plate (One piece)| | | |\n\nThe table above shows the comparative rankings of dine-in plates for each type of environmental impact, with five symbols indicating highest impact and one indicating lowest impact. The functional unit was based on two meals a day for five years.\n\nCorn starch plates, often marketed as biodegradable plastic, incur high water and energy consumption. Paper plates also incur high land use change, while plastic plates incur high energy consumption and global warming potential.\n\nReusable plates (melamine, porcelain) incur the lowest environmental impacts.\n\nImage source: National Environment Agency\n---\n# Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\nFindings from NEA\u2019s Study\n\n| |Global warming potential|Water requirement|Energy consumption|Land use change|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Single-use PP box (3,650 pieces)|Symbol 3|Symbol 4|Symbol 2|Symbol 5|\n|Single-use PS clam shell (3,650 pieces)|Symbol 3|Symbol 4|Symbol 2|Symbol 5|\n|Single-use kraft paper box with LLDPE sheet (3,650 pieces)|Symbol 3|Symbol 4|Symbol 2|Symbol 5|\n|Single-use kraft paper box with wax coating (3,650 pieces)|Symbol 3|Symbol 4|Symbol 2|Symbol 5|\n|Reusable PP container (One piece)|Symbol 1|Symbol 1|Symbol 1|Symbol 1|\n|Stainless steel container with steel lid (One piece)|Symbol 1|Symbol 1|Symbol 1|Symbol 1|\n|Brown paper with LLDPE coating (3,650 pieces)|Symbol 3|Symbol 4|Symbol 2|Symbol 5|\n|Disposable HDPE bag (3,650 pieces)|Symbol 3|Symbol 4|Symbol 2|Symbol 5|\n\nImage source: National Environment Agency\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics) Global Findings from NEA\u2019s Study\n\n| |Water|Energy|Land use|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Carrier Bags|LLDPE plastic bags (1,248 bags)|HDPE plastic bags (1,248 bags)|Oxo-degradable bags (1,248 bags)|Corn starch degradable bags (1,248 bags)|PLA degradable bags (1,248 bags)|Unbleached paper bags (520 bags)|Bleached paper bags (520 bags)|Reusable nylon bags (10 bags)|Reusable non-woven PP bags (10 bags)|\n\nCorn starch bags, often marketed as biodegradable plastic, incur high water and energy consumption and land use change impacts. Bags made of polylactic acid (PLA), which is industrially compostable, also incur high energy consumption and land use change impacts. Paper bags require a lot of water while conventional plastic and oxo-degradable plastic bags incur high energy consumption and global warming potential. Reusable non-woven polypropylene (PP) bags incur the lowest environmental impacts.\n\nImage source: National Environment Agency\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\nScientists from the Nanyang Technological University also conducted a life-cycle assessment of shopping bags in the case of Singapore, considering the environmental impacts incurred during their production, distribution, transportation, waste collection, treatment, and end-of-life disposal. The study found that in the case of Singapore, reusable plastic bags* were the most environmentally-friendly option, followed by single-use plastic bags. For single-use options, plastic bags were recommended over kraft paper and biodegradable plastic bags. Minimising overall consumption would also substantially lower the environmental impacts.\n\nTypes of bags considered:\n\n- Single-use plastic bags\n- Single-use biodegradable plastic bags\n- Single-use kraft paper bags\n- Reusable plastic bags (made of non-woven polypropylene)\n- Reusable cotton bags\n\nTypes of impact assessed:\n\n- Global warming potential\n- Freshwater- and marine-aquatic ecotoxicity potentials\n- Terrestrial ecotoxicity potential\n- Human toxicity potential\n- Eutrophication potential\n- Acidification potential\n- Abiotic depletion potential\n\n* It was assumed a reusable bag is reused 50 times.\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# 3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\nAt the end of their lifespan, disposables (disposable bags, disposable foodware and utensils used for dine-in or takeaway meals) in Singapore are either disposed of as general waste and incinerated, or sent for recycling.\n\nIf any contamination cannot be removed from the disposables or they are not accepted for recycling in Singapore (e.g. Styrofoam containers, plastic cutlery, paper cups/plates, wax paper, oxo-degradable/biodegradable bags, wooden chopsticks), they cannot be recycled and should be disposed of as general waste.\n\nThe general waste is collected by waste collection trucks and sent to waste-to-energy incineration plants, where the waste is burnt. This reduces the volume of the waste up to 90%. The resulting incineration ash is transferred by barges to Semakau Landfill, which is an offshore landfill lined with waterproof membrane, impermeable marine clay, and rock layers, where the ash is tipped into landfill cells. When filled, the cells are covered with a layer of earth.\n\n|General Waste Collection|General Waste Collection|Waste Collection Truck|\n|---|---|\n|Waste-to-Energy Plant|Barge|Semakau Landfill|\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable\n\n2. Environmental impact\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# 3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\nIf the disposables are accepted for recycling in Singapore (e.g.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 7822, "end_char_idx": 16342, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d5d042ec-42fd-4605-b20c-b4ad96cc8d89": {"__data__": {"id_": "d5d042ec-42fd-4605-b20c-b4ad96cc8d89", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "b1875299-0eac-426d-bfe7-2f1bdd7811be", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf"}, "hash": "0da8e206713566e420536cd8e67d1233305b6aad7347d0a47d8688473f419d64", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c853f933-d581-4852-b240-3b765a56dc00", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf"}, "hash": "e6ad3cbffa6a3d5ba237a9c22a18fada2a6b9c0209ff3150e817bbd6e1a182c5", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fd5173ae-7079-4408-851c-e0d8858eea8d", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "af679843fb22313bd06fe249ec38b24c624ac72954016244128573e4542acebf", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# 3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\nIf the disposables are accepted for recycling in Singapore (e.g. plastic takeaway food containers, plastic bags, plastic bottles, plastic cups, with contamination removed), they can be put into the commingled blue recycling bins.\n\nThe recyclables are sent by recycling trucks to Materials Recovery Facilities where they are sorted according to the different materials, baled, and sent to local/overseas recycling plants.\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\nBiodegradable and oxo-(bio)degradable plastic waste streams need to be kept separated from conventional plastic waste streams (EMF, Haider et al). They are not accepted for recycling in Singapore\u2019s blue recycling bins.\n\nBiodegradable plastics have different chemical structures from conventional plastics, while oxo-(bio)degradable plastics \u2013 though made from conventional plastics \u2013 contain additives to promote break-down.\n\nIf not separated, they could potentially interfere with the recycling systems of conventional plastics such as PE and PE (EMF, EMF-OXO, EIA) and could alter or affect the performance of the recycled plastics (PLASTICS, EMF-OXO, EC).\n\nOxo-(bio)degradable plastics are difficult to sort from conventional plastics (PLASTICS, EMF-OXO, EC). While there are sorting solutions that can remove biodegradable plastics from conventional plastic waste streams (ISWA), not all recycling facilities may have such technologies.\n\nBelow certain levels, biodegradable or oxo-(bio)degradable plastics may have negligible impact on recycled plastics (ISWA, Haider et al). However, this would require understanding the levels of such plastics in the plastic waste collected for recycling (EC).\n\nAt the upcoming centralized food waste treatment facility at Tuas Nexus, contaminants \u2013 whether conventional plastics, biodegradable or oxo-(bio)degradable plastics, or paper \u2013 will be removed from the food waste before it is sent for anaerobic digestion. The contaminants will be sent for incineration at our waste-to-energy plants.\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n|In summary|In summary|\n|---|\n|Disposed of as general waste|Incinerated at waste-to-energy plants|\n|Biodegradable or oxo-(bio)degradable plastic disposables in Singapore\u2019s national waste management system|If sorted out: Sent to material recovery facility If not sorted out: Sent to recycling plastics plants|\n|Mixed in with food waste|Sent to food waste treatment facility*|\n\n*Singapore\u2019s first public food waste treatment facility, with a capacity to treat 400 tonnes of food waste, is part of the Tuas Nexus Integrated Waste Management Facility Phase One development. Incineration reduces waste to 10% of its volume, while generating electricity. The incineration ash is sent to Semakau Landfill.\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# 4. Potential applications\n\nRecycling is preferred for plastics as the value of the material is retained in the economy (EMF). Biodegradation of plastics means that they break down into harmless but typically lower-value elements such as water, carbon dioxide or methane, and biomass (EMF).\n\nHowever, there may be certain situations in which biodegradable plastics disposables could be useful.\n\n|Food service in controlled or closed environments|Agricultural mulch films|\n|---|---|\n|For disposables that are likely to be contaminated by food, biodegradable plastic disposables could play a role in reducing the amount of waste sent for incineration if they can be treated together with the food waste. However, as biodegradable plastics can interfere with recycling of other plastics, they would be more suitable in controlled or closed environments where the risk of contaminating other plastic waste streams is low (EMF) and there are systems in place for such biodegradable plastic disposables to be separately collected and treated along with food waste. Examples of environments that may suit the use of biodegradable plastic disposables are festivals/events, canteens, and fast food restaurants (EMF, APCO).|Plastic films for agricultural mulches or silage bales are difficult to collect. Biodegradable plastic agricultural mulch films could be used, which can be ploughed in and biodegrade in the soil (EASAC).|\n\nIn Singapore, there are food waste digesters or composters that can treat biodegradable plastic packaging along with food waste. These are private facilities, and may use proprietary technology for the packaging. On a separate note, it has not been ascertained if black soldier flies are able to consume such packaging without negative effect on themselves or their fertilizer/animal feed output.\n---\n# What you can do \u2013 for businesses\n\nWe encourage businesses to cut down on your use of disposables as much as possible, and use reusables. For F&B businesses, you can consider switching to reusables for dine-in, and encourage customers to bring their own containers for take-away food. For retail businesses, you can encourage consumers to bring their own bags.\n\nBusinesses can consider offering incentives to consumers who bring their own bags or containers. You can also consider imposing a token charge for disposable items; this should be accompanied by clear and early communication with customers on the details and rationale.\n\nYou may refer to the decision tree on the right and access the linked resources for more information. You may also wish to refer to the Technical Reference 109:2023 on Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices for more detailed guidelines, criteria, and best practices in implementing the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) for Business-to-Business and Business-to-Consumer packaging.\n\n|Are you able to avoid providing any disposable items?|Are you able to avoid providing any disposable items?|\n|---|\n|YES|Refer to \u201cReduction of Disposables\u201d checklist for F&B establishments for best practices to adopt.|\n\n|Are your disposables not likely to be heavily contaminated by food and liquids?|\n|---|\n|YES|Use materials or disposables recyclable in Singapore. Refer to NEA\u2019s list of recyclable items.|\n|NO|Use materials that incur lower environmental impacts. Refer to NEA\u2019s Factsheet on Findings from Life-Cycle Assessment Study on Carrier Bags and Food Packaging.|\n---\n# What you can do \u2013 for consumers\n\nYou can do your part to reduce waste by avoiding the use of disposable products!\n\n- Bring along one or two reusable bags on shopping trips. Use and reuse them!\n- Bring your own bottle to stay hydrated.\n- Bring your own containers and utensils for take-aways.\n- Ask for non-disposable cutlery when eating out.\n\nFor more information, visit https://www.nea.gov.sg/our-services/waste-management/3r-programmes-and-resources/reducing-our-use-of-disposables.\n\nTop left photo by Cottonbro, top right photo by Vie Studio, bottom right photo by Antoni Shkraba, bottom left photo by Tima Miroshnichenko19\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Q&A\n\nQ: How can I tell if disposables are made from biodegradable plastic?\n\nA: Most biodegradable plastic disposables, especially biodegradable plastic bags, are labelled with the words \u201coxo-degradable\u201d / \u201coxo-biodegradable\u201d / \u201cbiodegradable\u201d / \u201ccompostable\u201d. For disposable foodware or utensils, this may be indicated on their packaging. Do look out for these labels and dispose of them in the general waste bins.\n\n|Greener Compostable Bags|SGaRch BIODEGRADABLE 28MINI|\n|---|---|\n|REUSABLE, RECYCLABLE & BIODEGRADABLE|THANK YOU|\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Q&A\n\nQ: My business is using biodegradable plastic disposables due to customers\u2019 demands and feedback. As switching back to conventional plastic disposables would not sit well with our customers, how should we address this?\n\nA*: You may wish to direct customers to this guidance document.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 16150, "end_char_idx": 25213, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fd5173ae-7079-4408-851c-e0d8858eea8d": {"__data__": {"id_": "fd5173ae-7079-4408-851c-e0d8858eea8d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "b1875299-0eac-426d-bfe7-2f1bdd7811be", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf"}, "hash": "0da8e206713566e420536cd8e67d1233305b6aad7347d0a47d8688473f419d64", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d5d042ec-42fd-4605-b20c-b4ad96cc8d89", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf"}, "hash": "0ff1965e246a8029a45c9c482933dc80106cd06a61b4027c73cfd823ec65e4a3", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "As switching back to conventional plastic disposables would not sit well with our customers, how should we address this?\n\nA*: You may wish to direct customers to this guidance document. You could also consider training employees to inform consumers that biodegradable plastic disposables have limited benefits in Singapore\u2019s waste management system, given that they would be sent for incineration or could affect recycling of conventional plastics. You may also wish to refer to the decision tree on pg 18 to guide your decision on using disposables, or refer to the Technical Reference 109 on Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices for more detailed guidelines, criteria, and best practices in implementing the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) for Business-to-Business and Business-to-Consumer packaging.\n\n* We assume that your business does not collect the biodegradable plastic disposables separately and send them to appropriate food waste digesters or composters that can treat such packaging along with food waste.\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Q&A\n\nQ: Is it better to switch to paper-based disposables?\n\nA: It would be better to switch to reusables as far as possible, not other types of disposables. NEA\u2019s Life Cycle Assessment study on carrier bags and food packaging found that paper bags need the most amount of water to make, among the various types of disposable bags. In terms of takeaway food containers, single-use paper boxes with an inner plastic sheet are as energy intensive as single-use plastic containers. Single-use kraft paper boxes with a wax or plastic coating also incur high land use change impact. The use of paper generally requires conversion of large tracts of forest land. While the environmental impact may be reduced if the packaging is made from recycled or sustainably sourced materials, it is still a waste of resources given that the packaging is meant to be disposed of after one use. Paper-based food containers usually cannot be recycled due to contamination or their wax/plastic coating. As such, a switch to paper packaging may not necessarily improve environmental outcomes in Singapore\u2019s context.\n\nFor information and guidance on beverage cartons, you may wish to refer to WWF-SG\u2019s guidance pack, which recommends that beverage cartons should be used for highly perishable food products, and should not be used to package drinking water.\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# References\n\n|1.|Australian Packaging Covenant Organisation (APCO) Considerations for Compostable Plastic Packaging. https://apco.org.au/100-reusable-recyclable-or-compostable-packaging (accessed 5 Mar 2021).|\n|---|---|\n|2.|Environmental Investigation Agency (2018) Unpacking Non-Conventional Plastics. https://eia-international.org/report/unpacking-non-conventional-plastics (accessed 3 Oct 2022).|\n|3.|European Academics Science Advisory Council (EASAC) (2020) Packaging Plastics in the Circular Economy. EASAC Policy Report 39, March 2020. www.easac.eu|\n|4.|European Bioplastics (online) Biobased plastics. www.European-bioplastics.org/bioplastics/materials/biobased (accessed 3 Oct 2022).|\n|5.|European Bioplastics (online) Biodegradable plastics. www.european-bioplastics.org/bioplastics/materials/biodegradable/ (accessed 30 Sep 2022).|\n|6.|European Commission, Directorate-General for Environment, Ledingham, B., Hann, S., Ettlinger, S., et al. (2017) Study to provide information supplementing the study on the impact of the use of \u201coxo-degradable\" plastic on the environment: final report. Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2779/081633|\n|7.|Haider et al (2018) Plastics of the Future? The Impact of Biodegradable Polymers on the Environment and on Society. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201805766|\n|8.|ISWA Working Group on Biological Treatment of Waste (2015) Key Issue Paper on Biodegradable Plastics. International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), December 2015. www.iswa.org|\n|9.|New Plastics Economy (2019) Oxo Statement. Ellen MacArthur Foundation. https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/oxo-statement|\n|10.|PLASTICS (2018) Position Paper on Degradable Additives. Bioplastics Division, Plastics Industry Association (PLASTICS).|\n|11.|Scottish Government, Devalla, S. (2022) Review of Evidence on Oxo-biodegradable Plastic Products. https://www.hutton.ac.uk/sites/default/files/files/publications/Review-evidence-on-Oxo-biodegradable-Plastic-Products-SDevalla.pdf (accessed 3 Oct 2022)|\n|12.|UNEP (2015) Biodegradable Plastics and Marine Litter. Misconceptions, concerns and impacts on marine environments. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi.|\n|13.|WasteMINZ (2019) Best Practice Guidelines for the Advertising of Compostable Products and Packaging. www.wasteminz.org.nz|\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Credits\n\nNEA would like to thank the following stakeholders for their contribution in developing this guidance document:\n\nALBA\nDr Lee Mun Wai, A*STAR\nDixon, Zhang Disong, Managing Director \u2013 Operation, Anaergia Singapore\nBiomax Green Pte Lp\nNanyang Polytechnic\nA/P Fei Xunchang, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University\nJonapan Poh, Managing Director, Otolip Enrichment\nPlastic Recycling Association Singapore\nJessy Chu, Plant Manager, Ravago\nSembwaste\nDr Deng Xinying, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech)\nSingapore Polytechnic\nWWF Singapore\nZero Waste Singapore\n---\n# Safeguard \u2022 Nurture \u2022 Cherish\n\n25", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 25028, "end_char_idx": 31203, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "726d7911-8760-45db-b1f0-61969a95b408": {"__data__": {"id_": "726d7911-8760-45db-b1f0-61969a95b408", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5e350943-ee49-4df7-9e27-217636626bec", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf"}, "hash": "6381f28a878b12d0b01d5b669f30e8fdbaffb63e61176e1f9b9a92cf75105704", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "3e05e100-dee0-42fa-972f-c7b4c90b7d65", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "a1f31147f5b1dbf16df9153b6cb2b79391c32fbada48969ffd514e8d2154acf1", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "# Guidance on Using Disposables made of Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore\n\nfor\n\nNational Environment Agency\n\nAs of Oct 2023\n---\n# Introduction\n\nSingle-use items, also known as disposables (disposable bags, disposable foodware and utensils used for dine-in or takeaway meals), are typically made of plastic, paper, or biodegradable materials.\n\nBiodegradable materials are often seen as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional plastics. This is partly due to growing concern over the environmental problems caused by single-use plastics, such as marine litter and microplastics, especially in places where waste is landfilled or not properly managed, leading to leakage of these plastics into the environment.\n\nThis guidance note explains what biodegradable plastics are and why using biodegradable disposables may not be better in Singapore, in terms of environmental outcomes.\n\nA more sustainable approach is to first reduce the use of disposables; use and reuse reusables; and lastly use disposables made of materials that can be recycled, have recycled content, or are from sustainably managed sources, e.g. paper certified by Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI).\n\nDisclaimer: This guidance document aims to provide information and guidance to businesses and consumers on biodegradable plastics and paper-based disposables. NEA shall not be responsible for any errors or omissions appearing in this guide. All references and sources of the information appearing in this document have been cited and credited to the best of our knowledge.\n---\n# Introduction\n\nContents\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n3. Singapore\u2019s waste management landscape\n4. Potential applications\n5. What you can do\n6. Q&A and References\n\nCredits\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\nBiodegradation is a bio-chemical process in which materials, with the help of naturally occurring micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi, break down into substances such as water, carbon dioxide, methane, and biomass.\n\nThe rate of biodegradation of a material is dependent on factors such as composition of the material and its thickness, and environmental conditions (temperature, pH, availability of oxygen, type of micro-organisms). (EMF, ISWA, WasteMINZ)\n\nA biodegradable plastic is a plastic, made from biomass or fossil fuel, that can be broken down into natural elements with the help of naturally occurring micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi. (ISWA, Haider et al, EMF, WasteMINZ).\n\nIn the process, the plastic can fragment due to mechanical stress, light, temperature, and the action of micro-organisms (Haider et al). It is further broken down by micro-organisms into substances such as water, carbon dioxide, methane, and biomass. (ISWA, PLASTICS, Haider et al).\n\nThere is no agreed standard timeframe or environmental conditions for biodegradation of a \u201cbiodegradable plastic\u201d (WasteMINZ, WWF). Claims that a plastic is biodegradable should be accompanied by information about the timeframe, level of biodegradation, and required conditions (WasteMINZ).\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n|Commonly seen terms|Oxo-degradable/oxo-biodegradable plastics (termed \u201coxo-(bio)degradable\u201d in this document): Fossil-based plastics (e.g. PE, PP) with pro-degradant/pro-oxidant additives that are able to break down into smaller plastic fragments when exposed to UV light and/or heat in the presence of oxygen. These may biodegrade, whether partially or fully, depending on factors such as type of product and environmental conditions (EMF-OXO, EC, Scottish Government, PLASTICS) <NEA to reviewers: we will be numbering the references in the final document>|\n|---|---|\n|Oxo-(bio) degradable|Fossil-based or bio-based plastics that are able to be broken down by bacteria or fungi into water, carbon dioxide/methane, and biomass. The use of this term should be substantiated or qualified such as by meeting recognised standards with specific criteria e.g. EN 17033 Plastics \u2013 Biodegradable mulch films for use in agriculture and horticulture \u2013 Requirements and test methods. Also see \u201cCompostable plastics\u201d below.|\n|Biodegradable|Fossil-based or bio-based plastics that are able to be broken down by bacteria or fungi into water, carbon dioxide/methane, and biomass. The use of this term should be substantiated or qualified such as by meeting recognised standards with specific criteria e.g. EN 17033 Plastics \u2013 Biodegradable mulch films for use in agriculture and horticulture \u2013 Requirements and test methods. Also see \u201cCompostable plastics\u201d below.|\n|Compostable|Fossil-based or bio-based plastics that are able to be broken down by bacteria or fungi into water, carbon dioxide/methane, and biomass, within a defined period of time in a home or industrial composting environment, without leaving behind toxins or residue. There are recognised standards with specific criteria that a plastic that claims to be compostable should meet e.g. ASTM 6400 Standard Specification for Labeling of Plastics Designed to be Aerobically Composted in Municipal or Industrial Facilities, EN 13432 Requirements for Packaging Recoverable Through Composting and Biodegradation \u2013 Test Scheme and Evaluation Criteria for the Final Acceptance of Packaging, ISO 17088 Specifications for Compostable Plastics (PLASTICS, UNEP, ISWA, EIA)|\n\nDiagram illustrating types of plastics that could be categorized as \u2018biodegradable\u2019\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n|Biobased| |\n|---|---|\n|Bioplastics|Bioplastics|\n|At times, plastics could be marked as bioplastics.|e.g: PLA, PHA, PBS, Starch blends|\n|\u201cBioplastics\u201d is a vague term that may refer to biodegradable plastics or bio-based plastics (WasteMINZ, Haider et al).|e.g biobased PE, PET; PA, PTT|\n|Bio-based plastic refers to plastic that is derived from plants or other biomass, whether fully or partially (WWF, European Bioplastics, EMF).|Non-biodegradable|\n|A bio-based plastic is not necessarily biodegradable.|e.g: PE, PP, PET|\n|Conversely, a plastic can be fossil-fuel based and biodegradable. (European Bioplastics)|eg PBAT; PCL|\n|Using bio-based plastic does not always mean reduced environmental impact, as biomass feedstocks can be associated with issues such as high greenhouse gas emissions, competition with land for food, or land use change (EASAC, EMF). Feedstocks should be sourced and managed sustainably and any claimed environmental benefits should be quantified (WWF, EASAC).|Fossil-based|\n\nImage source: European Bioplastics\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n\u201cThe ideal target of a plastic that breaks down naturally in the environment remains elusive\u2026 Rapid biodegradability remains in conflict with primary requirements for plastic packaging (stability, durability, etc.) and thus cannot at present offer an alternative to measures to reduce littering and release of plastics into the environment.\u201d - European Academics Science Advisory Council\n\n\u201cOn the balance of the available evidence, biodegradable plastics will not play a significant role in reducing marine litter.\u201d - United Nations Environment Programme\n\nBiodegradable and oxo-(bio)degradable plastic should not be seen as a solution to litter or marine debris (WWF, UNEP, EMF, PLASTICS). There is no guarantee that they will biodegrade in any environment within a short period of time (EMF, EMF-OXO WWF, PLASTICS). Any plastic (or other material) left in the open environment is litter and could pose a hazard to or be swallowed by wildlife, or persist as microplastic fragments (WasteMINZ, EIA, EMF-OXO).\n\nResearch is still ongoing for plastics that will break down to environmentally benign residues in marine, freshwater or terrestrial environments \u2013 currently, such innovations are limited to specific conditions such as industrial composting (EASAC).\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n|2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)|2.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 8482, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "3e05e100-dee0-42fa-972f-c7b4c90b7d65": {"__data__": {"id_": "3e05e100-dee0-42fa-972f-c7b4c90b7d65", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5e350943-ee49-4df7-9e27-217636626bec", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf"}, "hash": "6381f28a878b12d0b01d5b669f30e8fdbaffb63e61176e1f9b9a92cf75105704", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "726d7911-8760-45db-b1f0-61969a95b408", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf"}, "hash": "20f5273241c736de47bdfd0d78989e9fc460bee84dc4652c0d589c473798a015", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a0bb1b82-a7b6-4094-9f19-adf858b863da", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d54d84a776fbe894f1fe104422be784c5b2a3a4a1227ef0746ba3908d56cb70a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n|2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)|2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)|\n|---|\n|Extraction and processing of raw materials|Environmental Impact|\n|Life-cycle environmental impact of disposables|Plastics, paper; Greenhouse gas biodegradable plastics|\n|Resources such as oil, plants, water, and energy are used to produce disposables, transport them to users, and process them at waste treatment facilities.|Transportation to factories|\n|Biodegradable plastics may be made from fossil fuel or biomass such as corn, sugar cane, wheat, cellulose, waste vegetable oil, or derived from algae (EMF).|Production of disposables|\n|Greenhouse gases are also emitted during the process of production, transportation, and disposal of disposables, especially if fossil fuels are burnt.|Transportation to distributors/users|\n|Disposal after Use, and Incineration/Landfilling|Environmental Impact|\n|Legend|Water|\n| |Energy|\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\nA life-cycle assessment (LCA) study commissioned by the National Environment Agency compared the environmental impacts of carrier bags and food packaging over their whole life cycle, from extraction of resources, production, transportation, usage, and disposal in Singapore\u2019s waste management system.\n\nThe study found that each type of material has its own set of environmental impacts. Using disposables made of alternative materials such as biodegradable plastics is not always more environmentally friendly in Singapore\u2019s context.\n\nIt is more sustainable to reduce the use of disposables regardless of material, and use and reuse reusables as much as possible.\n\n| |Water|Energy|Land use|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Single-use PP plate (3,650 pieces)| | | |\n|Corn starch plate (3,650 pieces)| | | |\n|Single-use PS plate (3,650 pieces)| | | |\n|Paper plate (3,650 pieces)| | | |\n|Melamine plate (One piece)| | | |\n|Porcelain plate (One piece)| | | |\n\nTable above shows the comparative rankings of dine-in plates for each type of environmental impact, with five symbols indicating highest impact and one indicating lowest impact. The functional unit was based on two meals a day for five years.\n\nCorn starch plates, often marketed as biodegradable plastic, incur high water and energy consumption. Paper plates also incur high land use change, while plastic plates incur high energy consumption and global warming potential.\n\nReusable plates (melamine, porcelain) incur the lowest environmental impacts.\n\nImage source: National Environment Agency\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\nFindings from NEA\u2019s Study\n\n| |Global warming potential|Water requirement|Energy consumption|Land use change|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Single-use PP box (3,650 pieces)|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|\n|Single-use PS clam shell (3,650 pieces)|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|\n|Single-use kraft paper box with LLDPE sheet (3,650 pieces)|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|\n|Single-use kraft paper box with wax coating (3,650 pieces)|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|\n|Reusable PP container (One piece)|Symbol indicating low impact|Symbol indicating low impact|Symbol indicating low impact|Symbol indicating low impact|\n|Stainless steel container with steel lid (One piece)|Symbol indicating low impact|Symbol indicating low impact|Symbol indicating low impact|Symbol indicating low impact|\n|Brown paper with LLDPE coating (3,650 pieces)|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|\n|Disposable HDPE bag (3,650 pieces)|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|Symbol indicating high impact|\n\nPaper-based take-away packaging incur high land use change impact, and high water and energy consumption for some types. Plastic take-away packaging incur high global warming potential, and high energy consumption for some types.\n\nReusable containers, disposable plastic bags, and PS (aka Styrofoam) clam shell packaging incur the lowest environmental impacts overall. The water requirement of reusable containers can be reduced by using less water to wash them. However, disposable plastic bags are limited in terms of the type of food that can be contained, and Styrofoam disposables cannot be recycled in Singapore.\n\nImage source: National Environment Agency\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics) Global Findings from NEA\u2019s Study\n\n| |Water|Energy|Land use|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Carrier Bags|LLDPE plastic bags (1,248 bags)|HDPE plastic bags (1,248 bags)|Oxo-degradable bags (1,248 bags)|Corn starch degradable bags (1,248 bags)|PLA degradable bags (1,248 bags)|Unbleached paper bags (520 bags)|Bleached paper bags (520 bags)|Reusable nylon bags (10 bags)|Reusable non-woven PP bags (10 bags)|\n\nCorn starch bags, often marketed as biodegradable plastic, incur high water and energy consumption and land use change impacts. Bags made of polylactic acid (PLA), which is industrially compostable, also incur high energy consumption and land use change impacts. Paper bags require a lot of water while conventional plastic and oxo-degradable plastic bags incur high energy consumption and global warming potential. Reusable non-woven polypropylene (PP) bags incur the lowest environmental impacts.\n\nImage source: National Environment Agency\n---\n# 2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\nScientists from the Nanyang Technological University also conducted a life-cycle assessment of shopping bags in the case of Singapore, considering the environmental impacts incurred during their production, distribution, transportation, waste collection, treatment, and end-of-life disposal. The study found that in the case of Singapore, reusable plastic bags* were the most environmentally-friendly option, followed by single-use plastic bags. For single-use options, plastic bags were recommended over kraft paper and biodegradable plastic bags. Minimising overall consumption would also substantially lower the environmental impacts.\n\nTypes of bags considered:\n\n- Single-use plastic bags\n- Single-use biodegradable plastic bags\n- Single-use kraft paper bags\n- Reusable plastic bags (made of non-woven polypropylene)\n- Reusable cotton bags\n\nTypes of impact assessed:\n\n- Global warming potential\n- Freshwater- and marine-aquatic ecotoxicity potentials\n- Terrestrial ecotoxicity potential\n- Human toxicity potential\n- Eutrophication potential\n- Acidification potential\n- Abiotic depletion potential\n\n* It was assumed a reusable bag is reused 50 times.\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# 3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\nAt the end of their lifespan, disposables (disposable bags, disposable foodware and utensils used for dine-in or takeaway meals) in Singapore are either disposed of as general waste and incinerated, or sent for recycling.\n\nIf any contamination cannot be removed from the disposables or they are not accepted for recycling in Singapore (e.g. Styrofoam containers, plastic cutlery, paper cups/plates, wax paper, oxo-degradable/biodegradable bags, wooden chopsticks), they cannot be recycled and should be disposed of as general waste.\n\nThe general waste is collected by waste collection trucks and sent to waste-to-energy incineration plants, where the waste is burnt. This reduces the volume of the waste up to 90%. The resulting incineration ash is transferred by barges to Semakau Landfill, which is an offshore landfill lined with waterproof membrane, impermeable marine clay, and rock layers, where the ash is tipped into landfill cells. When filled, the cells are covered with a layer of earth.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 8328, "end_char_idx": 17533, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a0bb1b82-a7b6-4094-9f19-adf858b863da": {"__data__": {"id_": "a0bb1b82-a7b6-4094-9f19-adf858b863da", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5e350943-ee49-4df7-9e27-217636626bec", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf"}, "hash": "6381f28a878b12d0b01d5b669f30e8fdbaffb63e61176e1f9b9a92cf75105704", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "3e05e100-dee0-42fa-972f-c7b4c90b7d65", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf"}, "hash": "ff49c778e6ed836466e092c4b833b2b666e812312f5c994b7866a55cb26ee56b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "f608f2a3-c509-47c7-993f-7af25d9a95be", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "02e7087fff9aedcddfaeacc57466cb38af4c59db9f7bc64ec6307bf892a0077a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "When filled, the cells are covered with a layer of earth.\n\n|General Waste Collection|General Waste Collection|Waste Collection Truck|\n|---|---|\n|Waste-to-Energy Plant|Barge|Semakau Landfill|\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# 3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\nIf the disposables are accepted for recycling in Singapore (e.g. plastic takeaway food containers, plastic bags, plastic bottles, plastic cups, with contamination removed), they can be put into the commingled blue recycling bins.\n\nThe recyclables are sent by recycling trucks to Materials Recovery Facilities where they are sorted according to the different materials, baled, and sent to local/overseas recycling plants.\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\nBiodegradable and oxo-(bio)degradable plastic waste streams need to be kept separated from conventional plastic waste streams (EMF, Haider et al). They are not accepted for recycling in Singapore\u2019s blue recycling bins.\n\nBiodegradable plastics have different chemical structures from conventional plastics, while oxo-(bio)degradable plastics \u2013 though made from conventional plastics \u2013 contain additives to promote break-down.\n\nIf not separated, they could potentially interfere with the recycling systems of conventional plastics such as PE and PE (EMF, EMF-OXO, EIA) and could alter or affect the performance of the recycled plastics (PLASTICS, EMF-OXO, EC).\n\nOxo-(bio)degradable plastics are difficult to sort from conventional plastics (PLASTICS, EMF-OXO, EC). While there are sorting solutions that can remove biodegradable plastics from conventional plastic waste streams (ISWA), not all recycling facilities may have such technologies.\n\nBelow certain levels, biodegradable or oxo-(bio)degradable plastics may have negligible impact on recycled plastics (ISWA, Haider et al). However, this would require understanding the levels of such plastics in the plastic waste collected for recycling (EC).\n\nAt the upcoming centralized food waste treatment facility at Tuas Nexus, contaminants \u2013 whether conventional plastics, biodegradable or oxo-(bio)degradable plastics, or paper \u2013 will be removed from the food waste before it is sent for anaerobic digestion. The contaminants will be sent for incineration at our waste-to-energy plants.\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n|In summary|In summary|\n|---|\n|Disposed of as general waste|Incinerated at waste-to-energy plants|\n|Biodegradable or oxo-(bio)degradable plastic disposables in Singapore\u2019s national waste management system|If sorted out|\n|Accidentally put into recycling bin|Sent to material recovery facility|\n|Mixed in with food waste|Sent to food waste treatment facility*|\n|If not sorted out|Removed as contaminant|\n|Sent to recycling plastics plants|Sent to recycling systems or affect qualities of recycled plastics|\n\n*Singapore\u2019s first public food waste treatment facility, with a capacity to treat 400 tonnes of food waste, is part of the Tuas Nexus Integrated Waste Management Facility Phase One development.\n\nIncineration reduces waste to 10% of its volume, while generating electricity. The incineration ash is sent to Semakau Landfill.\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# 4. Potential applications\n\nRecycling is preferred for plastics as the value of the material is retained in the economy (EMF). Biodegradation of plastics means that they break down into harmless but typically lower-value elements such as water, carbon dioxide or methane, and biomass (EMF).\n\nHowever, there may be certain situations in which biodegradable plastics disposables could be useful.\n\n|Application|Description|\n|---|---|\n|Food service in controlled or closed environments|For disposables that are likely to be contaminated by food, biodegradable plastic disposables could play a role in reducing the amount of waste sent for incineration if they can be treated together with the food waste. However, as biodegradable plastics can interfere with recycling of other plastics, they would be more suitable in controlled or closed environments where the risk of contaminating other plastic waste streams is low (EMF) and there are systems in place for such biodegradable plastic disposables to be separately collected and treated along with food waste. Examples of environments that may suit the use of biodegradable plastic disposables are festivals/events, canteens, and fast food restaurants (EMF, APCO).|\n|Agricultural mulch films|Plastic films for agricultural mulches or silage bales are difficult to collect. Biodegradable plastic agricultural mulch films could be used, which can be ploughed in and biodegrade in the soil (EASAC).|\n\nIn Singapore, there are food waste digesters or composters that can treat biodegradable plastic packaging along with food waste. These are private facilities, and may use proprietary technology for the packaging. On a separate note, it has not been ascertained if black soldier flies are able to consume such packaging without negative effect on themselves or their fertilizer/animal feed output.\n---\n# What you can do \u2013 for businesses\n\nWe encourage businesses to cut down on your use of disposables as much as possible, and use reusables. For F&B businesses, you can consider switching to reusables for dine-in, and encourage customers to bring their own containers for take-away food. For retail businesses, you can encourage consumers to bring their own bags.\n\nBusinesses can consider offering incentives to consumers who bring their own bags or containers. You can also consider imposing a token charge for disposable items; this should be accompanied by clear and early communication with customers on the details and rationale.\n\nYou may refer to the decision tree on the right and access the linked resources for more information. You may also wish to refer to the Technical Reference 109:2023 on Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices for more detailed guidelines, criteria, and best practices in implementing the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) for Business-to-Business and Business-to-Consumer packaging.\n\n|Are you able to avoid providing any disposable items?|Are you able to avoid providing any disposable items?|\n|---|\n|YES|Refer to \u201cReduction of Disposables\u201d checklist for F&B establishments for best practices to adopt.|\n\n|Are your disposables not likely to be heavily contaminated by food and liquids?|\n|---|\n|YES|Use materials or disposables recyclable in Singapore. Refer to NEA\u2019s list of recyclable items.|\n|NO|Use materials that incur lower environmental impacts. Refer to NEA\u2019s Factsheet on Findings from Life-Cycle Assessment Study on Carrier Bags and Food Packaging.|\n---\n# What you can do \u2013 for consumers\n\nYou can do your part to reduce waste by avoiding the use of disposable products!\n\n- Bring along one or two reusable bags on shopping trips. Use and reuse them!\n- Bring your own bottle to stay hydrated.\n- Bring your own containers and utensils for take-aways.\n- Ask for non-disposable cutlery when eating out.\n\nFor more information, visit https://www.nea.gov.sg/our-services/waste-management/3r-programmes-and-resources/reducing-our-use-of-disposables.\n\nTop left photo by Cottonbro, top right photo by Vie Studio, bottom right photo by Antoni Shkraba, bottom left photo by Tima Miroshnichenko19\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Q&A\n\nQ: How can I tell if disposables are made from biodegradable plastic?\n\nA: Most biodegradable plastic disposables, especially biodegradable plastic bags, are labelled with the words \u201coxo-degradable\u201d / \u201coxo-biodegradable\u201d / \u201cbiodegradable\u201d / \u201ccompostable\u201d. For disposable foodware or utensils, this may be indicated on their packaging. Do look out for these labels and dispose of them in the general waste bins.\n\n|Greener Compostable Bags|SGaRch BIODEGRADABLE 28MINI|\n|---|---|\n|REUSABLE, RECYCLABLE & BIODEGRADABLE|THANK YOU 20|\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 17476, "end_char_idx": 26545, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "f608f2a3-c509-47c7-993f-7af25d9a95be": {"__data__": {"id_": "f608f2a3-c509-47c7-993f-7af25d9a95be", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5e350943-ee49-4df7-9e27-217636626bec", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf"}, "hash": "6381f28a878b12d0b01d5b669f30e8fdbaffb63e61176e1f9b9a92cf75105704", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a0bb1b82-a7b6-4094-9f19-adf858b863da", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf"}, "hash": "47737f1a429326626e0aa812866c7526224e7eda9955afde1e8b31f76cd109ed", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Q&A\n\nQ: My business is using biodegradable plastic disposables due to customers\u2019 demands and feedback. As switching back to conventional plastic disposables would not sit well with our customers, how should we address this?\n\nA*: You may wish to direct customers to this guidance document. You could also consider training employees to inform consumers that biodegradable plastic disposables have limited benefits in Singapore\u2019s waste management system, given that they would be sent for incineration or could affect recycling of conventional plastics. You may also wish to refer to the decision tree on pg 18 to guide your decision on using disposables, or refer to the Technical Reference 109 on Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices for more detailed guidelines, criteria, and best practices in implementing the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) for Business-to-Business and Business-to-Consumer packaging.\n\n* We assume that your business does not collect the biodegradable plastic disposables separately and send them to appropriate food waste digesters or composters that can treat such packaging along with food waste.\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Q&A\n\nQ: Is it better to switch to paper-based disposables?\n\nA: It would be better to switch to reusables as far as possible, not other types of disposables. NEA\u2019s Life Cycle Assessment study on carrier bags and food packaging found that paper bags need the most amount of water to make, among the various types of disposable bags. In terms of takeaway food containers, single-use paper boxes with an inner plastic sheet are as energy intensive as single-use plastic containers. Single-use kraft paper boxes with a wax or plastic coating also incur high land use change impact. The use of paper generally requires conversion of large tracts of forest land. While the environmental impact may be reduced if the packaging is made from recycled or sustainably sourced materials, it is still a waste of resources given that the packaging is meant to be disposed of after one use. Paper-based food containers usually cannot be recycled due to contamination or their wax/plastic coating. As such, a switch to paper packaging may not necessarily improve environmental outcomes in Singapore\u2019s context.\n\nFor information and guidance on beverage cartons, you may wish to refer to WWF-SG\u2019s guidance pack, which recommends that beverage cartons should be used for highly perishable food products, and should not be used to package drinking water.\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s solid waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# References\n\n|1.|Australian Packaging Covenant Organisation (APCO) Considerations for Compostable Plastic Packaging. https://apco.org.au/100-reusable-recyclable-or-compostable-packaging (accessed 5 Mar 2021).|\n|---|---|\n|2.|Environmental Investigation Agency (2018) Unpacking Non-Conventional Plastics. https://eia-international.org/report/unpacking-non-conventional-plastics (accessed 3 Oct 2022).|\n|3.|European Academics Science Advisory Council (EASAC) (2020) Packaging Plastics in the Circular Economy. EASAC Policy Report 39, March 2020. www.easac.eu|\n|4.|European Bioplastics (online) Biobased plastics. www.European-bioplastics.org/bioplastics/materials/biobased (accessed 3 Oct 2022).|\n|5.|European Bioplastics (online) Biodegradable plastics. www.european-bioplastics.org/bioplastics/materials/biodegradable/ (accessed 30 Sep 2022).|\n|6.|European Commission, Directorate-General for Environment, Ledingham, B., Hann, S., Ettlinger, S., et al. (2017) Study to provide information supplementing the study on the impact of the use of \u201coxo-degradable\" plastic on the environment: final report. Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2779/081633|\n|7.|Haider et al (2018) Plastics of the Future? The Impact of Biodegradable Polymers on the Environment and on Society. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201805766|\n|8.|ISWA Working Group on Biological Treatment of Waste (2015) Key Issue Paper on Biodegradable Plastics. International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), December 2015. www.iswa.org|\n|9.|New Plastics Economy (2019) Oxo Statement. Ellen MacArthur Foundation. https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/oxo-statement|\n|10.|PLASTICS (2018) Position Paper on Degradable Additives. Bioplastics Division, Plastics Industry Association (PLASTICS).|\n|11.|Scottish Government, Devalla, S. (2022) Review of Evidence on Oxo-biodegradable Plastic Products. https://www.hutton.ac.uk/sites/default/files/files/publications/Review-evidence-on-Oxo-biodegradable-Plastic-Products-SDevalla.pdf (accessed 3 Oct 2022)|\n|12.|UNEP (2015) Biodegradable Plastics and Marine Litter. Misconceptions, concerns and impacts on marine environments. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi.|\n|13.|WasteMINZ (2019) Best Practice Guidelines for the Advertising of Compostable Products and Packaging. www.wasteminz.org.nz|\n---\n# Introduction\n\n1. What are biodegradable plastics?\n\n2. Environmental impact of disposables (including biodegradable plastics)\n\n3. Singapore\u2019s waste management landscape\n\n4. Potential applications\n\n5. What you can do\n\n6. Q&A, References, and Credits\n\n# Credits\n\nNEA would like to thank the following stakeholders for their contribution in developing this guidance document:\n\nALBA\nDr Lee Mun Wai, A*STAR\nDixon, Zhang Disong, Managing Director \u2013 Operation, Anaergia Singapore\nBiomax Green Pte Lp\nNanyang Polytechnic\nA/P Fei Xunchang, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University\nJonapan Poh, Managing Director, Otolip Enrichment\nPlastic Recycling Association Singapore\nJessy Chu, Plant Manager, Ravago\nSembwaste\nDr Deng Xinying, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech)\nSingapore Polytechnic\nWWF Singapore\nZero Waste Singapore\n---\n# Safeguard \u2022 Nurture \u2022 Cherish\n\n25", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 26546, "end_char_idx": 33064, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1341bd03-98d2-4c65-855c-47eec6c7bf4f": {"__data__": {"id_": "1341bd03-98d2-4c65-855c-47eec6c7bf4f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/Patent Registration in Malaysia.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/Patent Registration in Malaysia.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "d491fbe5-bfc6-43bc-ae1f-c403b708337e", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/Patent Registration in Malaysia.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/Patent Registration in Malaysia.pdf"}, "hash": "8e2cee9c0fae4dbeeb16bf8795f2979a8b008e6a3f4bbecc7f7921ac06d71abd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "# INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CORPORATION OF MALAYSIA\n\nIndustrial Designs Act 1996\n\nIndustrial Designs Registration Office\n\nIndustrial Designs Regulations 1999\n\n(Section 14 and Regulation 5)\n\n# APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN\n\nApplication number (For official use only): 23-E1612-0101\n\n|1. Full name and address of / each applicant:|TRIA PTE. LTD.|\n|---|---|\n| |67 AYER RAJAH CRESCENT #02-20/21 SINGAPORE|\n| |139950 SINGAPORE|\n|2. Full name and address of the author:|NG PEI KANG|\n| |574 HOUGANG STREET 51 #04-13 SINGAPORE 530574|\n| |SINGAPORE|\n|3. Name of agent (if applicable):|YVONNE ONG TOON MEIN|\n| |C/O RAJA, DARRYL & LOH, LEVEL 26, MENARA HONG LEONG, NO. 6, JALAN DAMANLELA, BUKIT DAMANSARA, 50490 KUALA LUMPUR MALAYSIA|\n|4. Name the particular article or set of articles to which the design applies:|Packaging for Pizza|\n|5. Classification :|09-03: BOXES, CASES, CONTAINERS, (PRESERVE) TINS OR CANS|\n|6. View(s):|1. Number View(s) Submit :11|\n| |2. Number View(s) to be Gazetted :7|\n|7. Multiple applications : Enter the number of industrial design applied for registration (if any):| |\n---\n# Association\n\nEnter the application number or registration number of the earlier design with which the applicant seeks association under section 23 and regulation 17.\n\n# Declaration of priority (if any)\n\nGive the convention country and filing date of any previous application made abroad from which priority is claimed under section 17.\n\n|Country:|Singapore|\n|---|---|\n|Number:|30202300541P|\n|Date of filing:|26 April 2023|\n\n# If the details in column 9 applies...\n\nIf the details in column 9 applies, and the previous application was not made in the name(s) given in column 1, give details of the instrument (for example, deed of assignment) which gives the applicant the right to apply for registration. Include appropriate name(s) and date(s):\n\n(If this information is not given at the time this Form is filed, you must submit it before this industrial design is registered).\n\n# Divisional application\n\nGive the number and filing date of any relevant earlier application whose filing date is claimed under section 20.\n\n|Number:| |\n|---|---|\n|Date of filing:| |\n\n# Declaration\n\nI / We apply to register the industrial design shown in the accompanying representations. I / We declare that I / We the applicant(s) who claim(s) to be the owner(s) of the design in relation to the article or set of articles specified in column 4 and to be the owner of any designs right that exists in this industrial design. I / We also declare in respect of any entry in column 9 that the application made in the convention country upon which the applicant relies is the first application made for registration of the design in a convention country.\n\nDigitally sign by: YVONNE ONG TOON MEIN\n\nDate: 26 October 2023\n\nName of applicant / agent\n\n(Delete whichever is not applicable)\n\n# Name and telephone number of person to contact in Malaysia\n\nYVONNE ONG TOON MEIN\n\n03-26329999", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 2974, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e3f7bd08-56a2-4bd9-9d14-9444fb4476b6": {"__data__": {"id_": "e3f7bd08-56a2-4bd9-9d14-9444fb4476b6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/SPSA Booklet - The Soup Spoon\u2122 Takeaway & Delivery Packaging (TRIA Pte Ltd).docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "a6285654-5b02-4c30-9512-98a021a7af95", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/SPSA Booklet - The Soup Spoon\u2122 Takeaway & Delivery Packaging (TRIA Pte Ltd).docx"}, "hash": "1d228f7577fa01044a5e7a05d3c3c532e8ccc3a775c380163070f79ca97a3cf9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Submission for Singapore Packaging Star Awards Gala Dinner 2023 booklet\n\n(Submit all information latest by 29 September 2023, Friday)\n\n\n\nCompany\u2019s Name: TRIA Pte. Ltd.\n\n\n\n1\n\nEntry Name\n\n\n\nThe Soup Spoon\u2122 Takeaway & Delivery Packaging\n\n2\n\nProduct Description and Functionality\n\n100 words\n\nThe Soup Spoon\u2122 believes in travelling the world to discover its cultures, one bowl of soup at a time. Embracing their mantra of \u201cThe World in One Kitchen\u201d, The Soup Spoon\u2122 aspires to translate the flavours of the world into soup recipes to be enjoyed by their patrons. In the spirit of bringing flavours around the world right to your doorsteps, TRIA developed the Soup Spoon Takeaway & Delivery Packaging. Taking into consideration the multifaceted experience of enjoying soup, such as the aroma of bread and the homely feel of warm soup, as well as need to address concerns associated to the COVID-19 pandemic, a set of well-considered packaging was developed. Through expanding the use of heat-sealing across the packaging range, we were able to reduce unnecessary components while improving protection of the food during for takeaway and delivery.\n\n\n\n3\n\nMajor Claims for the Product:\n\n\n\n100 words\n\nReduction of spillage during transportation significantly reduced through adoption of paper heat-seal film for soup bowls and beverage cups, allowing meals to be delivered safely.\n\nAllowing for stacking of soup bowls of different sizes while reducing heat loss through contact through a dome lid design, which also doubles up as a chamber for keeping the bun moist and warm using the residual heat from the soup.\n\nFacilitating operations with indication of intended fill level to allow orders to be prepared promptly and consistently without secondary volumetric measurement tools.\n\nReducing use of plastics by changing from Styrofoam to paper for most of the packaging, offering a more sustainable option without compromising on functionality.\n\n4\n\nLogo\n\n- Logo need to be in high resolution pdf or eps file\n\n\n\n5\n\n3 photos for selection, we will choose it accordingly. \n\n- JPEG \n\n- 300dpi in size", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 2087, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "68838477-935f-466b-9c87-3e909edcd94d": {"__data__": {"id_": "68838477-935f-466b-9c87-3e909edcd94d", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/TRIA V-Pouch for Pizza Hut Melts_SPSA 2024.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/TRIA V-Pouch for Pizza Hut Melts_SPSA 2024.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "e0f6fbe3-f5dc-4163-a4ab-8320071c49db", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/TRIA V-Pouch for Pizza Hut Melts_SPSA 2024.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/TRIA V-Pouch for Pizza Hut Melts_SPSA 2024.pdf"}, "hash": "d2c70e2755ad00274bdc9574fe0f61033cc00b637f12cce871c0fad4d3acc80a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "|VPouch for Pizza Hut Melts|MAR2024|\n|---|---|\n|CONFIDENTIALTaAJOLUTIONS| |\n---\n          %eltsNEW\n Piaa\nJAN 2024            CONFIDENTIALTaAJOLUTIONS  PAGE\n---\n|TRIA VPouch|9|\n|---|---|\n|HANDY\u2022TIDY\u2022EASY|9|\n|9elts|5|\n|9tolts _ Atoon at|04t7|\n| |texkuatat|\n|Melts|Leessieen dean|\n|CONFIDENTIALJAN 2024PAGE|DUOION PATONTUD|\n---\n|On the sldes|wipin\u2019 or Saucin\u2019|'LOADEd|0\"CRIPSY *'LOADED|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|04t7| | | |\n|Pizza tt|%els|9elts| |\n|Nidndotta|Saucect|LEc| |\n\nCONFIDENTIAL PAGE\n---\nVdeo demonstratlon | packing and usage\n                   MAY 202.\n       CONFIDENTIALJAN 2024             DUOION PATONTUD\n---\n|HANDY|TIDY|EASY|\n|---|---|---|\n|CRIPSY|CHEESY| |\n|omnammBaxmanitaPizzahut|78*55\"553-\"33| |\n|JAN 2024|CONFIDENTIALTaAJOLUTIONSIPAQE| |\n---\nJAN 2024  CONFIDENTIALTaAJOLUTIONS\n---\n|CHEESY|\"CRIPSY - Loaded|3|1G9|\n|---|---|---|---|\n| | |3c011| |\n| | | |I|\n| | | |J 0|\n| | |8| |\n| | |JAN 2024|CONFIDENTIALTaAJOLUTIONSIPAQE|\n---\n|TRIA|EnterararaEmerging|\n|---|---|\n|TRIA|Seceglent|\n|WMth|E GQARDSESIGN|\n|Kone =Hera}COGTED|SIN GAPORE|\n|STUM|CONFIDENTIAL TaAJOLUTIONSRae|\n---\n# THE BUSINESS TIMES\n\nWorld's Circular economy solutions can break cycle of escalating waste: Low YenLing\n\nFirst Pilot In June 2022, TRIA started the world's first pilot with KFC Singapore for sustainable foodware.\n\nWinners\nConference the QSR Media Asia Deliverect Awards announced\nHas KFC found the secret sauce to circular packaging?\n\nBest Sustainability\n\nKFC Singapore - Spore firm Tria, KFC pilot to recycle food, packaging waste into fertilisers\n\nKFC at Northpoint City to use plant-based packaging recycled into tea\n\n|KFC|YARA|\n|---|---|\n|KFC|FKFc|\n---\n|Packaging Audit and Reduction Innovation|Design for Recycling (DFR)|Closed-loop solutioning|\n|---|---|---|\n|Fabric handles|Plastic|Metal tins|\n|Laminated|Brothers|WEEE|\n|LEE| | |\n|owndaye| | |\n---\n# Thonkyoul\n\nFor enquiries, please contact hello etrla solutions.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 1905, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d6e642eb-dcf9-4bbf-a35c-c8d1ab7e0ce4": {"__data__": {"id_": "d6e642eb-dcf9-4bbf-a35c-c8d1ab7e0ce4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/Winners List - Singapore Packaging Star Awards 2022.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/Winners List - Singapore Packaging Star Awards 2022.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "2b0bc3a2-0f1a-4ffb-b917-4a77caa55357", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/Winners List - Singapore Packaging Star Awards 2022.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/Winners List - Singapore Packaging Star Awards 2022.pdf"}, "hash": "7b13f34e4ae0c7180aba96b4e2ee608cdc92e8b3564ce7b782108a172f6ebd43", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "# Singapore Packaging Star Award 2022\n\nDate: 23 September 2022\n\nCongratulations! Winners of the Singapore Packaging Star Award 2022.\n\nOur heartiest congratulations to the following companies for winning the Singapore Packaging Star Award 2023 organised by the Singapore Manufacturing Federation (SMF) and the Packaging Council of Singapore (PCS) held from 22nd to 29th August 2022!\n\n# COMMERCIAL SALES & DISPLAY CATEGORY WINNERS\n\n|COMPANY|ENTRIES|\n|---|---|\n|DPC Design Packaging Concept Pte Ltd|Monopoly Mooncake Set - Street Smart Edition|\n|TRIA Pte Ltd|The Soup Spoon Takeaway & Delivery Packaging|\n\n# COMMERCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE PACKAGING CATEGORY WINNERS\n\n|COMPANY|ENTRIES|\n|---|---|\n|Avery Dennison Singapore (Pte) Ltd|CleanFlake\u2122|\n|Creativeans Pte Ltd|Bamboo Cooking Spoons set|\n|LHT Holdings Ltd|Pest free ISO Pallet|\n|Sing Mah Wooden Cases Manufacturer Pte Ltd|Sustainability Wooden Crate|\n|WestRock Singapore Pte Ltd|EverGrow\u2122|\n|Xcel Industrial Supplied Pte Ltd|CIR Pallet|\n---\n# COMMERCIAL TRANSPORTATION AND PROTECTION CATEGORY WINNERS\n\n|COMPANY|ENTRIES|\n|---|---|\n|Greenpac (S) Pte Ltd|Medical Device Packaging|\n|Greenpac (S) Pte Ltd|Universal Packaging|\n|Hewlett Packard Enterprise|Computer Memory Thermal Formed Clamshell Packaging|\n\n# STUDENT'S SALES & DISPLAY CATEGORY WINNERS\n\n|INSTITUTE|STUDENT'S NAME|ENTRIES|\n|---|---|---|\n|Nanyang Polytechnic|Charlotte Chan Man Chong|GAiA Contact Lens Packaging and System|\n| |Hanis Dalia Binte Mohamed Raziff|KUMU Sustainable Peranakan Kuih Packaging|\n| |Leck Yuan Ling Alicia|FUTURE VITA-ME|\n| |Yong Yujie, Natalie|Pearly's bamboo toothbrush|\n| |Loh Le En|123 Basic Skincare Bento|\n| |Majda Amanina Binte Nailul Hafiz|BagVerse|\n|Ngee Ann Polytechnic|Nur'Ayuni Binte Rosman|TCover|\n| |Shannon Yoh Xin Ting|Rebirth|\n| |Tay Yi Shan|COFFEELYA Coffee Beans Packaging|\n\nUpon winning the Singapore Packaging Star Award, these entries are eligible to participate in the AsiaStar 2022 and WorldStar 2023. We look forward to all winners clinching these international awards and ultimately breaking into the world market.\n\nMeanwhile, we look forward to your continued participation for the Singapore Packaging Star Awards Call for Entries 2023 next year.\n\nYours Sincerely,\n\nMay Yap\n\nChairman\n\nPackaging Council of Singapore\n\nSMF Building, 2985 Jalan Bukit Merah Singapore 159457\n\nSecretariat: Ms Valerie Tan | Tel: 68263147 | valerie.tan@smfederation.org.sg", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 2413, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ece2bdc4-45a5-4dde-a857-79ce459094c4": {"__data__": {"id_": "ece2bdc4-45a5-4dde-a857-79ce459094c4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Pizzahood/TRIA Pizzahood - Love Pizza not Plastic.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Pizzahood/TRIA Pizzahood - Love Pizza not Plastic.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "0ca327e6-c1ed-4bed-b9a4-3af6a8b697e4", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Pizzahood/TRIA Pizzahood - Love Pizza not Plastic.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Pizzahood/TRIA Pizzahood - Love Pizza not Plastic.pdf"}, "hash": "ba2b3ea96b286d28f05f907a8e124b3ea3ff288dc3e2faaa7582ac28faff5711", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "|Confidentially / Proprietary note|\n|---|\n|Wu|#|\n|4|Umpetqt|Oauman|UL; RCT PATENT PENDING|\n|L:|A|PCT/SG2022/050674|\n|N|L|\n---\n|L@vG|Pizza|\n|---|---|\n|QOt|PLaSTIG|\n|TRIA|TRIA|\n---\nSay no to plastic bags,\n\nLove MOTP12 PLASTIC\n\n12\nCONFIDENTIAL JAN 2023\nPCT/8q2022/080074\n---\n|Cany multiple|CONNECMNG|\n|---|---|\n|boxes at one 90,|DECKSKSTE4|\n---\nDelivered to\nthe doorstep;\n\u2022\n---\nNo more hassle\nto prefold boxes,\nFOR$\nNSTANILY\n\u2022\n---\nIncrease your storage space;\n\u2022\n\u2022               834\nSTORNGE\n---\nVideo demonstration\n1) Insert Pizza:\nAnd it forms instantly:\n---\nTRIA Is an Innovation Firm that advocates reduce, renew, and recycle. We offer a range of innovative and sustainable packaging solutions from products and services to end-to-end ecosystems.\n\nTRIA For Circular Transformation\n\nJAN 3023 TRVFOODWARE.COM CONFIDENTIAL\n---\n# pentawards\n\n|GOLD AWARD2018|JNGers|\n|---|---|\n|portfolio|2|\n\nWith multiple award-winning designs\n\n|SpSonp| |\n|---|---|\n|Fish|SMALLFish|\n|SMALL| |\n|M|13|\n---\n# Eco-Business\n\nTHE BUSINESS TIMES\n\nCircular economy solutions can break cycle of escalating waste: Low Yen Ling\n\nEco-Business\n\nList 2020\n\nTHE STRAITS TIMES\n\nSINGAPORE TODAY\n\nSINGAPORE\n\nECO-BUSINESS\n\nTHE STRAITS TIMES\n\nIRRESPONSIBLE BUSINESS DESIGN\n\nSingapore firm Tria, KFC pilot to recycle in 2027\n\nHas KFC found the secret sauce to circular packaging?\n\nI am a juror for SINGAPORE GOOD DESIGN AWARD 2022!\n\nKFC at Northpoint City to use plant-based packaging that will be recycled into fertiliser\n\nSUSTAINABLE PACKAGING FIRM TRIA TO TURN KFC PACKAGING AND FOOD WASTE INTO FARM FERTILISER\n---\n          Thankvoul\nFor enquttes please contadhelbetdafoodwarecon", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 1640, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "23011792-6904-433f-befb-362d6d557eb0": {"__data__": {"id_": "23011792-6904-433f-befb-362d6d557eb0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Flora Packaging Research_JR.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Flora Packaging Research_JR.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5be3cf7e-d5a7-4e66-8218-835015493b14", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Flora Packaging Research_JR.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Flora Packaging Research_JR.pdf"}, "hash": "97058b0c8d166243cc5fdece0b68a63b08ab43dcdaf0c647a4fc2859e3c9e779", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "TRIA Pte. Ltd. | Confidential | Page 1 of 13\n---\n|Sustainable Butter Packaging|Bold Colorful Seed Butter Packaging|Recyclable Butter Wrapper Packaging|Nut Butter Squeeze Packs|Uncomplicated Wine Campaigns|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Paper-Recyclable|Plastic-Free|Eye-Catching Butter Packaging|Art Nouveau Spread Jars|Youthful Peanut Butter Packaging|Revolving Butter Packets|\n|8 Acres Securely|Calve's Peanut Butter Jars Feature|These Peanut Butter Jars Were Designed to Appeal to Children|This Butter Packaging Reveals the Product with a Rotating Compartment| |\n|Mikerva|Kinciva Dairy Celebrates with Butterfat Butter|Calve's Peanut Butter Jars Feature Shapely and Unusual Labels| | |\n| | | | | | |\n---\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n   TRIA Pte. Ltd. | Confidential | Page 3 of 13\n---\nTRIA Pte. Ltd.\nConfidential\nPage 4 of 13\n---\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n   TRIA Pte. Ltd. | Confidential | Page 5 of 13\n---\nTRIA Pte. Ltd. | Confidential | Page 6 of 13\n---\nEarplink WRAP BUTTER\n&nbsp;\n&nbsp;\n&nbsp;\n&nbsp;\n\nTRIA Pte. Ltd. | Confidential | Page 7 of 13\n---\nCln\nUNUMAR C\nMARCkasica\nWNUN\nNUM:\n\u2022\n\u2022\n\u2022\n\u2022\n\u2022\n\u2022\n\u2022\n\u2022\nTRIA Pte. Lp. | Confidential | Page 8 of 13\n---\n|LURPAK|SOANSK|{MoR|\n|---|---|---|\n|LURPAK2oo8'| | |\n\nTRIA Pte. Ltd. | Confidential | Page 9 of 13\n---\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n   TRIA Pte. Ltd. | Confidential | Page 10 of 13\n---\n|CALON WEN|CALON WEN|Real Family Farms|\n|---|---|\n|ORGANIC|BUMER|ORGANIC|\n|200|200|200|\n\nTRIA Pte. Ltd. | Confidential | Page 11 of 13\n---\n|Orega 3|Joo|\n|---|---|\n|Vitelma|Vitelma|\n|Du| |\n|\u2022| |\n|\u2022| |\n|\u2022| |\n|\u2022| |\n|\u2022| |\n\nTRIA Pte. Ltd. | Confidential | Page 12 of 13\n---\n|LW|launches|\n|---|---|\n|Rd|Mkalons|\n|V:| |\n|Lia|packaplm ]ovoMowl|\n|kolneu|Uctalnab|\n|Otalnab| |\n|pack|compoetab|\n|Including| |\n|Wi|aippCE vandamoorc|\n|Wi|box/ecalpper|\n\nTRIA Pte. Ltd. | Confidential | Page 13 of 13", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 1874, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "1a66fb1b-a184-463f-8d77-0d5751e50e3a": {"__data__": {"id_": "1a66fb1b-a184-463f-8d77-0d5751e50e3a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "7d18a5d9-f778-4dc7-b8a9-732c34558f21", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "hash": "56eb943fbf1ccc4dc176f7188ae8b39ca1e11ba475a2423190718116eda4713d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "be50a3c4-1832-43ef-a5cc-f73d5aca8080", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "919a68a271024050417e9dc9f9508f77672e8c16d19fd426d9779fad74fa108d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "TRIA PTE. LTD.\n\n67 Ayer Rajah Crescent, #02-20/21, Singapore 139950\n\nUEN: 201424823N\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nApproach for \nTRIA\u2019s PIZZahood lead generatiON \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPLAYBOOK Version 1.0\n\nApr 2024\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nContent\n\n1)\tchanneling leads from Markets to HQ\t2\n\n2)\tUnderstanding the product: PIzzahood\t2\n\n2.1.\tHistory of PIZZA BOXES and TODAY\u2019s CONTEXT\t2\n\n2.2.\tChallenges with Pizza Packaging from a Business and Operational Perspective\t4\n\n2.3.\tTRIA\u2019s Unique Solution\t7\n\n2.4.\tKey Features of Pizzahood\t7\n\n2.5.\tBenefits of Pizzahood\t8\n\n2.6.\tQuestions that prospects could ask:\t10\n\n3)\tTarget Market ANalysis\t17\n\n3.1.\tIdentification of top 5 pizza brands\t17\n\n4)\tIdentify Key Decision Makers\t18\n\n4.1.\tLead Generation Channels\t18\n\n4.2.\tQuestions to ask prospects\t19\n\n5)\tHandling objections\t20\n\nAbout TRIA\t21\n\n\n\n\n\n\nchanneling leads from Markets to HQ\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUnderstanding the product: PIzzahood\n\nHistory of PIZZA BOXES and TODAY\u2019s CONTEXT\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nChallenges with Pizza Packaging from a Business and Operational Perspective\n\nIntroducing new solutions to a pizza food service chain presents various challenges, including resistance to change, cost concerns, operational integration complexities, staff training needs, customer acceptance uncertainties, regulatory compliance requirements, supplier relationship considerations, competitive landscape dynamics, risks of failure, and long-term sustainability assessments. Overcoming these challenges demands strategic planning, stakeholder engagement, risk management and a clear understanding of business objectives, ensuring that the implementation process is methodical, collaborative and aimed at maximizing success.\n\nUsage of plastic packaging used in the pizza industry poses several problems, particularly in terms of sustainability and environmental impact. One of the main issues is that plastic waste can end up in landfills or polluting the natural environment. This waste can take hundreds of years to decompose, contributing to environmental degradation and climate change.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOperational Considerations:\n\nInsufficient Protection: Pizza packaging must adequately protect the pizza during transportation to prevent damage, leakage, or crushing. Insufficient packaging may lead to flattened or deformed pizzas, causing dissatisfaction among customers. \n[Refer to Key Features]\n\nTemperature Control: Maintaining the optimal temperature of the pizza is crucial to preserve its quality and freshness. Inadequate insulation or ventilation in packaging can result in heat loss or moisture buildup, leading to soggy or lukewarm pizzas upon delivery. \n[Refer to Key Features]\n\nCondensation and Grease Leakage: Condensation and grease from hot pizzas can accumulate inside the packaging, causing the box to weaken or become soggy. This can result in leaks, making the packaging messy and unappealing to customers.\n[Refer to Key Features]\n\nStorage and Stackability: Pizza boxes should be designed for efficient storage and stackability to optimize space utilization in restaurants, delivery vehicles, and customer homes. Bulky or irregularly shaped packaging can pose logistical challenges and increase storage costs. [Refer to Key Features]\n\nPrint Quality and Branding: Poor print quality or design on pizza packaging can detract from the brand image and affect customer perception. Faded logos, smudged ink, or unclear text may convey unprofessionalism and diminish brand trust. [Refer to Key Features]\n\n\n\nBusiness Considerations: \n\nEnvironmental Impact: Traditional pizza packaging materials such as styrofoam or non-recyclable plastics contribute to environmental pollution. Customers are increasingly concerned about sustainability, leading to a demand for eco-friendly packaging alternatives. [Refer to Benefits]\n\nCost Considerations: Balancing the cost of pizza packaging with its quality and functionality is essential for businesses. Cheap or flimsy packaging may save costs initially but can lead to negative customer experiences and decreased brand loyalty in the long run. [Refer to Benefits]\n\nCustomization and Personalization: Offering customizable packaging options to accommodate different pizza sizes, toppings, and dietary preferences can enhance customer satisfaction. However, implementing customization features may increase production complexity and costs. [Refer to Benefits]\n\nRegulatory Compliance: Pizza packaging must comply with food safety regulations and labeling requirements to ensure consumer health and safety. Non-compliance with regulatory standards can result in fines, legal penalties, and damage to the brand's reputation. [Refer to Benefits]\n\nSupply Chain Disruptions: Disruptions in the supply chain, such as shortages of raw materials or transportation delays, can impact the availability and quality of pizza packaging. Businesses must have contingency plans in place to mitigate supply chain risks and ensure consistent packaging supply. [Refer to Benefits]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTRIA\u2019s Unique Solution\n\n\n\nIntroducing PizzaHood: The Ultimate Solution for Sustainable and Efficient Pizza Packaging\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nKey Features of Pizzahood\n\n\n\nConnecting Deck System: Allows for easy stacking and carrying of multiple pizza boxes, reducing the need for additional packaging materials.\n\nHumidity Control: Reduces humidity within the box without causing rapid temperature fluctuations, preserving the quality of the pizza during transit.\n\nReinforced Roof Design: Prevents roof collapse due to condensation, ensuring pizzas remain intact and undamaged.\n\nTamper-Proof Lock: Enhances food safety and brand protection by securing the contents of the box and assuring customers that their order has not been tampered with.\n\nFoldable Handle: Critical for supporting decking function, allowing for convenient stacking and transport of multiple boxes.\n\nElimination of Pizza Saver: The reinforced roof design eliminates the need for a pizza saver, further reducing plastic waste and streamlining the packaging process.\n\nEasy Assembly: Requires only a 2-step action to form the box, saving time and increasing operational efficiency. Almost ready-to-use, eliminating the need to fold boxes in advance.\n\nSpace-Saving Design: Flat-packed and ready-to-use preformed boxes require less storage space compared to traditional pre-folded boxes, optimizing storage efficiency.\n\nCustomisation of boxes: Packaging can be customised to brand\u2019s requirements with high quality prints and logo placements. \n\n\n\n\n\nBenefits of Pizzahood\n\n\n\nEnvironmental Impact: By eliminating the need for pizza savers and reducing plastic waste, PizzaHood removes 200 tons of plastic waste annually, contributing to environmental sustainability.\n\nCost Savings: Implementing PizzaHood can lead to significant cost savings. Charging consumers for single-use plastic bags and expanding the use of PizzaHood for side orders further reduces plastic waste and operational costs.\n\nOperational Efficiency: The 2-step assembly process and space-saving design of PizzaHood save time and labor costs, equivalent to 22,000 man-hours annually. Additionally, the reduced need for storage space translates to savings on rental costs for outlets.\n\nQuality Assurance: The reinforced roof design limits roof deformation due to humidity to less than 10mm, ensuring pizzas arrive at their destination in optimal condition.\n\n\n\n\n\nPizzaHood revolutionizes pizza packaging with its innovative features, delivering sustainability, efficiency and quality assurance in every box. Join us in making a positive impact on the environment and your bottom line with PizzaHood. \n\n\n\u00a0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nQuestions that prospects could ask: \n\n\n\nProduct Features and Functionality:\n\nHow does the Pizzahood packaging system work and what are its key features?\nThe Pizzahood packaging system features a unique connecting deck system that allows for easy stacking and carrying of multiple boxes, reducing the need for additional packaging materials during transportation. They are already pre-formed and saves your staff\u2019s time to fold boxes. \n\n\n\nWill the water vapour emitted by the warm pizza commonly lead to condensation, potentially softening the cardboard?\n\nPlastic bag usage typically leads to condensation and softening of boxes, whereas omitting plastic bags allows steam penetration. However, with TRIA's carefully selected paper type, effective resistance to steam is ensured. Rest assured, extensive testing has confirmed the integrity of the boxes, including temperature assessments conducted on both the pizza and the packaging boxes. \n\n\n\nCan you provide more details on how the connecting deck system and reinforced roof design function? \n\nThe reinforced roof design prevents collapse due to condensation, ensuring that pizzas arrive intact and fresh. Refer to video for more details.\n\n\n\nHow does the tamper-proof lock ensure food safety and brand protection?\nThe tamper proof lock is specially designed to enhance food safety and brand protection. When it is torn apart, it shows that the food has been tampered, hence providing assurance to customers that their orders are fresh from the oven. \n\n\n\nWhat materials are used in the Pizzahood packaging, and how do they compare in terms of durability and sustainability?\n\nCustomized E-Flute material is used that reduces the pulp content by at least 15% as compared to conventional corrugated box material.\u200b For 40 million boxes annually, pulp reduction based 20gram per box, 800 ton of pulp saved per year! Refer to \u201cTEST METHODLOGY OF TRIA\u2019S 12\u201d PIZZAHOOD BOX FOR WEIGHT LOADING EQUIVALENT TO THREE STACKS OF PIZZAS (3.2KG)\u201d whereby both structural and weight loading of the pizza boxes are tested.\n\n\n\nCost Savings and Environmental Impact:\n\nCan you provide a breakdown of the cost savings and environmental benefits associated with using Pizzahood?\n\nBy implementing Pizzahood, your business can significantly reduce costs associated with plastic waste disposal and operational inefficiencies. Removing 200 tons of plastic waste annually through the elimination of single-use plastic bags and pizza savers not only saves on waste management expenses but also demonstrates a commitment to environmental sustainability.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 10209, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "be50a3c4-1832-43ef-a5cc-f73d5aca8080": {"__data__": {"id_": "be50a3c4-1832-43ef-a5cc-f73d5aca8080", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "7d18a5d9-f778-4dc7-b8a9-732c34558f21", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "hash": "56eb943fbf1ccc4dc176f7188ae8b39ca1e11ba475a2423190718116eda4713d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "1a66fb1b-a184-463f-8d77-0d5751e50e3a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "hash": "2091a9a241b1c5f6d8d4c0bd72362e76bd1be281e92e0a609bf3bb8c552bc39a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ddc6346e-fcf0-492f-8ca8-55497527dd60", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1472f31492cf3213ca09ceda2cbfd5cf5483291f35b84f24190708d2157d3bcc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "How does the reduction of plastic waste and operational efficiencies translate into tangible financial savings for my business?\n\nThe operational efficiencies gained from the 2-step box formation process and reduced storage space requirements translate into substantial financial savings, estimated at USD 220K annually.\n\n\n\nWhat are the potential long-term cost implications of switching to Pizzahood compared to our current packaging solutions?\n\nIn addition to the immediate cost savings and environmental benefits, transitioning to Pizzahood can lead to long-term cost reductions and enhanced brand image. By embracing sustainable packaging, your business can position itself as a forward-thinking industry leader committed to environmental stewardship. This shift not only aligns with evolving consumer preferences but also fosters a stronger connection with your customer base. TRIA\u2019s vast experience in redesigning sustainable packaging can enhance customers\u2019 overall dining experience, reinforcing positive associations with your brand and fostering greater customer satisfaction.\n\n\n\nOperational Integration:\n\nHow seamless is the integration of the Pizzahood packaging system into our existing operations?\n\nThe integration of the Pizzahood packaging system into your existing operations is remarkably straightforward. Thanks to the user-friendly design tailored for take-away purposes, minimal training is required for your staff and delivery team. Our team will provide brief guidance on handling the boxes, ensuring that your operations continue seamlessly without any significant disruptions.\n\n\n\nAre there any additional training or equipment requirements for our staff to effectively use Pizzahood?\n\nMinimal training is required for staff to become proficient in using the packaging system, and there are no additional equipment requirements. \n\n\n\nWhat support is available for troubleshooting or addressing any issues that may arise during the implementation process?\n\nOur dedicated support team is available to assist with any questions or issues that may arise during the implementation process, ensuring a smooth transition.\n\n\n\n\nCustomer Experience and Feedback:\n\nHow does the Pizzahood packaging enhance the overall customer experience compared to traditional packaging options? Have there been any customer trials or feedback studies conducted with Pizzahood? If so, what were the results?\n\nCustomer trials and feedback studies have shown overwhelmingly positive responses to Pizzahood. Customers appreciate the convenience of the tamper-proof lock, the improved structural integrity of the packaging and the elimination of the need for pizza savers. \n\n\n\nAre there any potential drawbacks or concerns raised by customers that we should be aware of before implementing Pizzahood?\n\nWhile customers may initially express concerns about the absence of pizza savers and potential shifting during delivery, rest assured that our meticulously designed box and rigorous testing have alleviated these worries. Pizzahood's innovative packaging not only ensures pizzas arrive fresh and intact but also minimizes the risk of tampering, enhancing overall customer satisfaction and fostering repeat business. Our commitment to quality and customer experience sets us apart, reassuring your customers and solidifying your brand's reputation. \n\n\n\nSupplier and Supply Chain Considerations:\n\nDo I have to work with TRIA as a new supplier or can I use my existing supplier to produce Pizzahood?\n\nYou have the flexibility to choose whether to work with TRIA as a new supplier or continue using your existing supplier to produce Pizzahood.\n\nPizzahood operates on a licensing model, allowing TRIA to collaborate with manufacturers worldwide to produce the boxes. With patented designs, TRIA assumes ownership of the entire production process, including Quality Assurance. This setup enables your brand to concentrate on core business activities.\n\nWe are open to discussing how this model can benefit your business further. Let's explore the possibilities together. \n\n\n\nCan you provide information on the availability and reliability of Pizzahood suppliers?\nPizzahood maintains strong partnerships with trusted suppliers, including renowned factories worldwide, to ensure the consistent availability and high quality of materials necessary for production. With factories strategically located across South East Asia, we mitigate risks associated with reliance on a single country. Additionally, each of our partner factories is equipped to maintain several months' worth of stockpile, ensuring uninterrupted supply for our clients even during unforeseen circumstances. \n\n\n\nHow does the procurement process for Pizzahood packaging compare to our current suppliers in terms of lead times, costs, and quality control?\nCompared to your current suppliers, Pizzahood offers a streamlined procurement process, ensuring shorter lead times without compromising on quality. Our rigorous quality control measures guarantee consistent product standards, surpassing industry benchmarks. Additionally, our efficient operations enable us to offer competitive costs while meeting or exceeding your expectations for timely delivery. With Pizzahood, you can expect a seamless procurement experience that sets new standards in reliability and efficiency. \n\n\n\n\n\nAre there any potential risks or challenges associated with sourcing Pizzahood packaging materials or components?\n\nWhile we acknowledge the significance of a dependable supply chain, we are committed to mitigating any associated risks or challenges. Our Global Supply Chain team conducts annual audit checks with our partner factories, ensuring that established protocols are upheld and quality standards are maintained. Additionally, we actively engage with new suppliers to diversify our sources, further bolstering our resilience to potential disruptions. With our proactive approach and unwavering commitment to quality, you can trust in the reliability of our sourcing processes. \n\n\n\nWhat if my supplier is unable to manufacture TRIA\u2019s Pizzahood? How are we going to manage it? Can TRIA offer alternative supplier?\n\nSince your supplier is already producing pizza boxes for you, we anticipate a smooth production process for Pizzahood. It's designed to align with standard manufacturing conditions for corrugated food boxes and TRIA will be responsible to ensure a transfer of know-hows. However, if any issues arise, TRIA has established relationships with multiple manufacturers. We can swiftly arrange an alternative supplier to ensure uninterrupted production.\n\n\n\nHow will TRIA guarantee a dependable supply of packaging considering its absence in my market? \n\nThrough a licensing model, we can collaborate directly with your distributor, if available. Alternatively, we can engage with your current packaging manufacturer to produce the pizza boxes, as discussed in question 17. \n\n\n\nHow will liability be assigned in case of any problems with the packaging boxes if we decide to retain our current distributor? \n\nTRIA's manufacturing partners boast extensive experience, ensuring robust quality control measures. Under our licensing arrangement, the designated distributor will possess the authority to scrutinize our packaging products to maintain consistent quality assurance, consequently sharing in the liabilities as well.\n\n\n\nHow does TRIA safeguard business continuity? \n\nTRIA maintains a network of manufacturing partners throughout Asia, spanning Singapore, Malaysia and China, poised to activate any facility in case of significant supply shortages. Moreover, we prioritize close collaboration with your distributor, preferred manufacturing partner or procurement team to establish ample safety stock levels for both your warehouse and our factories, ensuring uninterrupted operations.  \n\n\n\nHow does TRIA ensure compliance with relevant regulations and ethical standards in its supply chain, including labour practices, fair trade principles, and responsible sourcing of materials?\n\nTRIA takes compliance with regulations and ethical standards seriously across its entire supply chain. We have implemented robust supplier assessment and monitoring processes to ensure adherence to labour practices, fair trade principles, and responsible sourcing of materials. Our supplier selection criteria prioritize partners who share our commitment to ethical and sustainable practices. Additionally, we conduct regular audits and assessments to verify compliance with applicable regulations and standards. Transparency and accountability are integral to our approach, and we continuously strive to uphold the highest ethical standards in all aspects of our operations. \n\n\nCompetitive Advantage and Differentiation:\n\n\n\nHow does adopting Pizzahood give us a competitive advantage in the market compared to other pizza brands?\n\nBy adopting Pizzahood, your brand gains a distinct competitive edge in the market, showcasing a dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. Pizzahood's innovative features, including the connecting deck system, reinforced roof design, and tamper-proof lock, set your brand apart from competitors, bolstering your reputation and establishing you as an industry leader. Furthermore, this adoption not only appeals to environmentally-conscious consumers but also unlocks a new segment of the market, expanding your customer base and driving growth opportunities.\n\n\n\n\n\nAre there any exclusivity agreements or branding opportunities available with Pizzahood that can help differentiate our brand?\n\nWe are eager to explore opportunities to develop a mutually beneficial long-term relationship with your brand. We welcome discussions regarding potential exclusivity agreements and branding opportunities with Pizzahood that can help differentiate your brand in the market. Our team is committed to collaborating closely with you to identify innovative solutions that align with your brand objectives and enhance your competitive advantage.  \n\n\n\nWill the design of Pizzahood be exclusive to my brand, or will it be similar to those used by other adopters?\n\nThe design of Pizzahood can be customized to suit your brand's unique requirements, ensuring that it stands out and aligns with your brand expression. While the basic functionality remains consistent across adopters, the final design will reflect your brand's individual identity. Collaboration with our design team will ensure that the Pizzahood aligns perfectly with your brand's aesthetics and functional needs.\n\n\n\nHow much of customisation can I create for my brand?\n\nThe artwork of Pizzahood can be customized to suit your brand's unique requirements, ensuring that it stands out and aligns with your brand expression. For any additional features that requires further R&D, we will bring in our Solutioning Team to continue this conversation.   \n\n\n\n\n\nOther expected questions:\n\n\n\nWhat is the cost of Pizzahood?\n\nThank you for your interest. We offer various manufacturing options, including collaboration with your existing supplier, to ensure competitive pricing. \n\n\n\nHow soon can I get samples delivered to my office? \n\nThank you for your interest. Given the proprietary nature of our patented design, confidentiality is paramount. We kindly request the establishment of a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) before proceeding with the delivery of samples. Once this is in place, we can then move forward with a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). How can we begin this process?", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 10214, "end_char_idx": 21731, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ddc6346e-fcf0-492f-8ca8-55497527dd60": {"__data__": {"id_": "ddc6346e-fcf0-492f-8ca8-55497527dd60", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "7d18a5d9-f778-4dc7-b8a9-732c34558f21", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "hash": "56eb943fbf1ccc4dc176f7188ae8b39ca1e11ba475a2423190718116eda4713d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "be50a3c4-1832-43ef-a5cc-f73d5aca8080", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}, "hash": "e75e6746192c271d70da6c8144c62b1b5674c7a916e12fb1f2a759c6dd8e9e16", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Target Market ANalysis\n\nIdentification of top 5 pizza brands\n\nUnderstand the market share, distribution channels and any recent news or changes in their operations. \n\nConsider factors such as brand reputation, market share, and geographical presence. \n\nUnderstand the preferences and requirements of these brands regarding pizza packaging. \n\nDefine the ideal customer profile for the pizza packaging products, including characteristics such as size of the pizza chain, geographic location, volume of pizza sales, and packaging needs. \n\nFocus efforts on targeting businesses that fit this profile to maximize the likelihood of success.\n\n\n\n\nRoadBlocks\n\nSolution\n\nLimited access to market data or outdated information can hinder the agent's ability to identify the top pizza brands accurately, leading to inefficient targeting efforts.\n\nEngagement with a seasoned/retired senior executive in the pizza industry will speed up efforts.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIdentify Key Decision Makers\n\n\n\nIn identifying key decision-makers within the top pizza brands, it's essential to target individuals with extensive industry expertise, particularly in control over food packaging and sustainability practices. \n\nThese decision-makers, ranging from marketing directors to purchasing managers and business owners, play a pivotal role in influencing packaging procurement decisions. \n\nMoreover, they should possess strong communication skills to effectively convey the benefits of sustainable packaging solutions to stakeholders across departments.\n\nThe ability to foster collaboration among various functional areas, including marketing, procurement and sustainability is crucial to ensure alignment with the company's overarching goals and consumer preferences. \n\nDecision-makers must consider external influences such as regulatory requirements, market trends and evolving consumer demands when making packaging-related decisions.\n\nIt's imperative that these individuals have a forward-thinking approach and a long-term vision for transforming the company's brand to align with sustainable practices and evolving market trends. \n\nThey should be open to embracing innovative packaging solutions that not only meet sustainability goals but also enhance the brand's image and customer experience. \n\nA top-down approach e.g. General Manager is often preferred for expediting decision-making processes and ensuring swift implementation of sustainable packaging initiatives. \n\nLead Generation Channels\n\nConsider various lead generation channels that agents can utilize to identify and connect with potential leads. This may include cold outreach via email, LinkedIn, phone calls, attending industry events and trade shows, leveraging social media platforms and utilizing online directories and databases. Utilize a combination of communication channels to reach out to target contacts and establish connections.\n\n\nQuestions to ask prospects\n\nWhat are your thoughts on the video content? (after sharing the Pizzahood video as a lure)\n\nHow many pizza outlets do you currently operate?\n\nWhat's the scale of your business, in terms of daily pizza sales?\n\nWhat are the dimensions of the pizzas you offer? For instance, what size is your personal pan pizza?\n\nWhat's the average monthly consumption of your pizzas by your customers?\n\nTo what extent does sustainability factor into your business strategy?\n\nCan you describe how your distribution system functions?\n\nAre there any existing supplier agreements in place for your ingredients?\n\nDo you perceive potential collaboration opportunities for TRIA within your business model?\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHandling objections  \n\nAnticipate common objections from potential clients, such as pricing concerns or existing supplier relationships, and prepare responses to address these objections effectively. Negotiate terms and conditions to close deals that are mutually beneficial.\n\nRoadblocks: Lack of experience in handling objections or negotiating deals, as well as resistance from potential clients, can prolong the sales cycle and lead to lost opportunities\n\n\n\nDocumenting and reporting progress\n\nDocumenting and Reporting Progress:\n\nMaintain detailed records of all interactions with potential leads, including contact information, communication history, and progress updates. Provide regular reports to the company on lead generation activities, pipeline status, and outcomes.\n\nRoadblocks: Inadequate record-keeping practices or failure to accurately report progress can result in miscommunication within the sales team and hinder strategic decision-making.\n\n\n\n\nAbout TRIA\n\nTRIA is an award-winning company for sustainable and innovative foodware solutions, with a firm commitment to reduce reliance on fossil-based plastics while promoting the use of nature-based renewables. One of TRIA\u2019s goals is to enable the circularity of single-use foodware, which is largely still being sent to landfills and incinerators today. \n\nTRIA's closed-loop solution for foodware is an end-to-end system that supplies and collects single-use foodware for recycling. It emulates nature's system of continuous resource renewal, made possible by the integration of advanced technologies. TRIA\u2019s patented solution utilizes plant-derived materials and microbial biodegradation to allow both foodware and food waste to be recycled together in a single stream which eliminates the need for source segregation - an industry first. This solution is currently being piloted by leading food service providers, such as KFC and SATS.\n\nTRIA has been featured in over 100 global media channels in recent years, and has received numerous awards, including the Emerging Enterprise Award and the ASEAN-Korea Excellent Design Award. The company's CEO, Ng Pei Kang, has been honoured with a place on Eco-Business's A-list for Sustainability Leadership and serves as a juror for the Singapore Good Design Award for sustainable solutions.\n\nTRIA is headquartered in Singapore and is supported by venture capital funds with a mandate to enable circular food systems and reduce carbon emissions to combat the impacts of climate change.\n\nwww.tria.solutions \n\n\n\n\n\nTRIA | Approach for PIZZAHOOD Lead Generation | Confidential | Page 1 of 23", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 21734, "end_char_idx": 27926, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "9bbac132-9124-45a8-b52a-d946db8a5d06": {"__data__": {"id_": "9bbac132-9124-45a8-b52a-d946db8a5d06", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "40c2bc74012c28aa217214a704c97906a758bb2481b72f00da656663af80b47f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "54b0313d-a70d-4b56-bd0b-6a92c81041c5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d86847379cb9274fd5b09937cfb8013830d6fa7dd282d9b7f8926b07be1cb044", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Licensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\n|(ICS 13.020.20; 55.040)|TR 109:2023|\n|---|---|\n|TECHNICAL REFERENCE|Sustainable packaging guiding framework and practices|\n|Standards|Council|\n---\n# Licensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\n\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n(ICS 13.020.20; 55.040)\n\n# TECHNICAL REFERENCE\n\nSustainable packaging guiding framework and practices\n\nPublished by Enterprise Singapore\n\nAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilming, without permission in writing from Enterprise Singapore. Request for permission can be sent to: standards@enterprisesg.gov.sg.\n\n\u00a9 Enterprise Singapore 2023\n\nISBN 978-981-5118-73-5\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|Contents|Page|\n|---|---|\n|Foreword|3|\n|1 Scope|5|\n|2 Normative references|5|\n|3 Terms and definitions|5|\n|4 General packaging guidelines|9|\n|5 Principals of developing sustainable packaging|11|\n|6 Environmental design requirements|13|\n|7 Environmental claims|37|\n\nAnnex A Collection for re-use or recycling (informative) 44\n\nTable 1 Availability of recycling options for materials collected in Singapore (as of January 2023) 30\n\nFigures\n\n1. Waste management hierarchy 11\n2. Conceptual illustration of the environmental and financial cost impact of insufficient and excessive packaging 14\n3. A chart on bio-based materials 26\n4. Logo for product with reduced packaging (LPRP) 41\n5. Examples of the Mobius Loop 41\n6. Resin identification code 43\n\nBibliography 46\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\n# TR 109:2023\n\nForeword\n\nThis Technical Reference (TR) was prepared by the Working Group on sustainable packaging set up by the Technical Committee on Circularity of materials under the purview of the Environment and Resources Standards Committee.\n\nThis TR provides a guiding framework for companies to adopt more sustainable packaging-related practices such as reduction, collection for re-use and/or recycling, use of recycled content in packaging material and improved recyclability of packaging in line with the objective of the Mandatory Packaging Reporting (MPR) requirements. Under the MPR scheme, producers of packaged products such as brand owners, manufacturers and importers, as well as retailers (e.g. supermarkets), submit packaging data and 3R plans annually. The 3R plans that companies submit include details on the key initiatives, key performance indicators (KPIs) and targets.\n\nThere is currently no chemical recycling facility in Singapore for plastics. As of the writing of this TR, a solution is currently being studied by the local environmental agency and industry partners.\n\nThis TR is a provisional standard made available for application over a period of three years. The aim is to use the experience gained to update the TR so that it can be adopted as a Singapore Standard. Users of the TR are invited to provide feedback on its technical content, clarity and ease of use. Feedback can be submitted using the form provided in the TR. At the end of the three years, the TR will be reviewed, taking into account any feedback or other considerations, to further its development into a Singapore Standard if found suitable.\n\nIt is presupposed that in the course of their work, users will comply with all relevant regulatory and statutory requirements. Some examples of relevant regulations and acts are listed in the Bibliography. The Singapore Standards Council and Enterprise Singapore shall not be responsible for identifying all of such legal obligations.\n\nIn preparing this TR, reference was made to the following publications:\n\n1. ASTM D7611/D7611-21 Standard practice for coding plastic manufactured articles for resin identification\n2. ISO 6707-1:2020 Buildings and civil engineering works \u2013 Vocabulary \u2013 Part 1: General terms\n3. ISO 115270:2008 Plastics \u2013 Guidelines for pe recovery and recycling of plastics wastes\n4. ISO 14021:2017 Environmental labels and declarations \u2013 Self declared environmental claims\n5. ISO 17088:2021 Plastics \u2013 Organic recycling \u2013 Specifications for compostable plastics\n6. ISO 21067-1:2016 Packaging \u2013 Vocabulary \u2013 Part 1: General terms\n7. Packaging Partnership Programme 3R Guidebook for Packaging, A Guide to Help You Develop and Implement Packaging 3R Plans and Initiatives\n8. A Global Language for Packaging and Sustainability, A Framework and a Measurement System for Our Industry, June 2010\n\nPermission has also been obtained from the following organisations for the reproduction of materials from their publications into this standard:\n\n1. American Society for Testing and Materials\n2. Consumer Goods Forum\n3. International Organization for Standardization\n4. National Environment Agency\n5. Singapore Manufacturing Federation (Packaging Partnership Programme)\n\nAcknowledgement is made for the use of information from the above publications.\n\nAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this TR may be the subject of patent rights. Enterprise Singapore shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all of such patent rights.\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore Single user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\nNOTE\n\n1. Singapore Standards (SSs) and Technical References (TRs) are reviewed periodically to keep abreast of technical changes, technological developments and industry practices. The changes are documented through the issue of either amendments or revisions. Where SSs are deemed to be stable, i.e. no foreseeable changes in them, they will be classified as \u201cmature standards\u201d. Mature standards will not be subject to further review unless there are requests to review such standards.\n2. An SS or TR is voluntary in nature except when it is made mandatory by a regulatory authority. It can also be cited in contracts making its application a business necessity. Users are advised to assess and determine whether the SS or TR is suitable for their intended use or purpose. If required, they should refer to the relevant professionals or experts for advice on the use of the document. Enterprise Singapore and the Singapore Standards Council shall not be liable for any damages whether directly or indirectly suffered by anyone or any organisation as a result of the use of any SS or TR. Although care has been taken to draft this standard, users are also advised to ensure that they apply the information after due diligence.\n3. Compliance with a SS or TR does not exempt users from any legal obligations.\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nSustainable packaging guiding framework and practices\n\n# 1 Scope\n\nThis Technical Reference (TR) specifies guidelines, criteria and best practices for implementing the 3R (Reduce, Re-use, Recycle) for business-to-business and business-to-consumer packaging, taking into consideration practices that are sustainable in Singapore\u2019s context. It covers the life cycle of packaging, starting from upstream packaging design to downstream end-of-life management that are applicable across industries. This TR also covers relevant case studies and references such as communication with consumers on proper management of packaging at disposal.\n\nWhile adopting the recommendations of this TR is voluntary, provisions have been made to cover all consumer and business packaging, including secondary and tertiary packaging, but excludes primary packaging that comes into contact with medicines.\n\n# 2 Normative references\n\nThere are no normative references in this TR.\n\n# 3 Terms and definitions\n\nFor the purpose of this TR, the following terms and definitions apply.\n\n3.1 Alternate natural fibres\n\nNatural fibres extracted from biomass other than trees such as bamboo, bagasse, wheat, or cassava lisad.\n\n3.2 Bio-based\n\nA material that stems, in whole or in significant part, from biomass. Sources of biomass can include plant, animal and marine materials such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, recycled food waste, etc.\n\n3.3 Bioplastic\n\nA plastic (see 3.18) manufactured with bio-based material. Bioplastic stems partially or wholly from biomass.\n\n3.4 Biodegradable material\n\nA material capable of being broken down by microorganisms.\n\n3.5 Chemical recycling\n\nConversion to monomer or production of new raw materials by changing the chemical structure of plastics waste through cracking, gasification or depolymerisation, excluding energy recovery and incineration.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 9016, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "54b0313d-a70d-4b56-bd0b-6a92c81041c5": {"__data__": {"id_": "54b0313d-a70d-4b56-bd0b-6a92c81041c5", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "40c2bc74012c28aa217214a704c97906a758bb2481b72f00da656663af80b47f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "9bbac132-9124-45a8-b52a-d946db8a5d06", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "e3f9350a47c53d92fc7633d40cb4e15cf3dac3402480641d34d57d39e523eb4e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "cd563902-254b-46a0-b0e7-fcb1e56a19c2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1702ca57e39d8afe077519b3e61780b17db336efe161983e2cf124bddee2c93d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3.5 Chemical recycling\n\nConversion to monomer or production of new raw materials by changing the chemical structure of plastics waste through cracking, gasification or depolymerisation, excluding energy recovery and incineration.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|3.6 Composites|Multi-material items whereby different types of raw materials are processed together to form a type of packaging for its specific use.|\n|---|---|\n|3.7 Compostable|A material that undergoes degradation by biological process during composting to yield carbon dioxide (CO2), water, inorganic compounds and biomass at a rate consistent with other known compostable materials and leave no visible, distinguishable or toxic residue.|\n|3.8 Elemental chlorine free (ECF)|A packaging material produced with pulp that has been bleached using a chlorine derivative such as chlorine dioxide (ClO2), but without the use of elemental chlorine (Cl).|\n|3.9 Home composting|The practice performed by a private individual with the aim of producing compost for one\u2019s own use.|\n|3.10 Industrial composting|A composting process performed under controlled conditions on an industrial scale with the aim of producing compost for the market.|\n|3.11 Intentionally added|The act of deliberately utilizing a substance in the formation of a product, component, packaging, or packaging component where its continued presence is desired in the final form to provide a specific characteristic, appearance, or quality.|\n|3.12 Landfill|A waste disposal site for the deposit of waste onto or into land under controlled or regulated conditions.|\n|3.13 Life cycle assessment (LCA)|A methodology for assessing environmental impacts associated with all stages of the life cycle of a commercial product, process, or service. For instance, in the case of a manufactured product, environmental impacts are assessed from raw material extraction and processing (cradle), through the product's manufacture, distribution and use, to the recycling or final disposal of the materials composing it.|\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|3.14|Mechanical recycling|The processing of plastic waste into secondary raw material or goods without significantly changing the chemical structure of the material.|\n|---|---|---|\n|3.15|Oxo-degradable|A material that degrades from the process of oxidation.|\n|3.16|Packaging|All goods made of any materials of any nature to be used for containment, protection, handling, delivery or presentation of goods, from raw materials to processed goods, from a producer to a user or a consumer.|\n|3.17|Paper|A flexible material in the form of a coherent sheet or web of pulp.|\n|3.18|Plastic|A polymeric material which may be formed into flexible film or rigid packaging.|\n|3.19|Post-consumer|A material or finished product that has served its intended use and has been discarded for disposal or recovery, having completed its life as a consumer item.|\n|3.20|Primary packaging|Packaging that comes into direct contact with the finished product.|\n|3.21|Processed chlorine free|Materials produced with pulp from virgin and/or recycled content that has been bleached without any type of chlorine, or that has not been bleached at all. Recycled content may have originally been bleached with chlorine or chlorine derivatives.|\n|3.22|Recyclable|A characteristic of product, packaging or associated component that can be reasonably diverted from the waste stream through available processes and programmes and can be collected, processed and returned to use in the form of raw materials or goods.|\n|3.23|Recycled content|The portion of packaging material that is made with recycled materials.|\n|3.24|Recycling|The process of recovering the product and using it as a raw material to produce another product.|\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|3.25|Reduction|Refraining from the use of material or reducing the quantities of material that is performing a role in product packaging to an end-user.|\n|---|---|---|\n|3.26|Re-use|To use a product for the same or similar purpose as the original purpose without subject the product to a manufacturing process which changes its physical appearance.|\n|3.27|Reusable packaging|The design of packaging can be used multiple times before being sent for recycling, energy recovery, or landfill. The process of re-use usually includes, but is not limited to, cleaning (physical and/or chemical), repair, part replacement, refurbish, but does not involve breaking down of chemical compounds.|\n|3.28|Secondary packaging|Packaging that is additional to the primary packaging and is used for display purposes or for grouping a set of single units into a sales group or multi-pack.|\n|3.29|Service packaging|Packaging which is filled at the point-of-sales.|\n|3.30|Single-use packaging|Also referred to as disposable packaging, includes items intended to be used only once before they are discarded and sent for recycling, energy recovery, or landfill.|\n|3.31|Sustainable packaging|Packaging that is sourced responsibly, designed to be effective and safe throughout its life cycle, meets market criteria for performance and cost. It is preferably made using renewable material, and once used, is recycled efficiently to become valuable feedstock for subsequent production.|\n|3.32|Tertiary packaging|Packaging that is used in the transport and distribution of goods.|\n|3.33|Totally chlorine free (TCF)|A packaging material produced with pulp from virgin content that has been bleached without any type of chlorine, or that has not been bleached at all.|\n|3.34|Waste-to-energy|The process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste. It is a form of energy recovery.|\n|3.35|Wood packaging|Wood packaging derives from cellulose (renewable) sources, commonly hardwood or softwood that is thicker than 6 mm. Most wood-based packaging provides excellent physical protection and limits movement of its content due to its natural surface.|\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|4|General packaging guidelines|\n|---|---|\n|4.1|General|\n\nThis clause covers broadly, the general packaging guidelines, while Clause 6 specifies the environmental design requirements in greater detail.\n\n|4.2|Function of packaging|\n|---|---|\n|4.2.1|General|\n\nNearly every product has packaging at a certain point in its life cycle. Packaging fulfils its primary role of containment, preservation, protection, handling, delivery, or presentation. Packaging performs these roles of any product under normal conditions of distribution, warehousing, retailing and being used by a customer. Packaging is designed to fulfil its functions through a reasonably anticipated life span.\n\nPackaging should be easy to open and the process of opening a packaging and removing the goods should not damage the contents. Dispensing and pouring, where relevant, should not result in waste or spillage. After emptying, residues should be minimal.\n\n4.2.2\nPrimary packaging (also known as direct, consumer or retail packaging)\n\nPrimary packaging has direct contact with the product itself. Hence, for food packaging, it should meet the basis of food hygiene and safety requirement. In most cases, primary packaging also acts to protect and/or preserve the product from being damaged or deteriorated due to handling, temperature exposure, oxidation, contamination, etc. Primary packaging in most products carry information to inform customers, such as instruction manual, safety warning labelling for children\u2019s products, ingredients list and expiration date for food and pharmaceutical items and storage temperature.\n\nExamples of primary packaging include bottle for beverage, blister packs for medication, corrugated board for electronic gadgets.\n\n4.2.3\nSecondary packaging\n\nSecondary packaging refers to enclosing the product with labelling, which is already sealed within its primary packaging material and typically used for ease of handling or display purposes or for grouping a set of single units into a sales group or multi-pack. Secondary packaging usually carries traceability information, i.e., manufacturing date, batch code, packaging handling symbol, storage temperature for food items and number of sales units within it.\n\nExamples of secondary packaging include shrink wrap around a pack of six bottles of soda.\n\n4.2.4\nTertiary packaging\n\nTertiary packaging facilitates handling, storage and transportation of consolidated packages or bulk packaging. This packaging is usually generic and not product specific, does not carry information related to product and not seen by end-user/consumer as they are removed by retailers.\n\nExamples of tertiary packaging include stretch film, pallets, crates, large carton boxes, layer pads used to separate layers of packages, packaging fillers and airbags.\n\n4.3\nHealth, safety and consumer protection\n\nPackaging should not present any form of foreseeable hazard to the consumers or to those in the supply chain during handling, opening, use or disposal. The packaging materials used should be hygienic and should not impart contaminants to the contents. The environmental impact of hazardous substances within the packaging should also be assessed.\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore Single user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\nFor packaging materials that comes in contact with food, suppliers should ensure that the packaging demonstrates compliance with both the food safety management system and food safety hazards (Refer to ISO 22000).\n\nPackaging with contents that are potentially harmful should be clearly labelled with the necessary hazard pictograms and instructions for disposal at its end-of-life.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 8787, "end_char_idx": 18496, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "cd563902-254b-46a0-b0e7-fcb1e56a19c2": {"__data__": {"id_": "cd563902-254b-46a0-b0e7-fcb1e56a19c2", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "40c2bc74012c28aa217214a704c97906a758bb2481b72f00da656663af80b47f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "54b0313d-a70d-4b56-bd0b-6a92c81041c5", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "70a691fb8186106de9dace4f8c43008663714468619b0de4d7689410f0f8c60c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2a818b39-1082-41a4-9346-9362c611f298", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1875521f95a37c107b7929c93881860febf2637e7621b6426b777ac40d92c70f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Packaging with contents that are potentially harmful should be clearly labelled with the necessary hazard pictograms and instructions for disposal at its end-of-life.\n\nThe guidelines in ISO/IEC Guide 41:2018 should be adopted where possible.\n\nFor the use of recycled materials, relevant health and safety guidelines should be considered (see 6.10.3).\n\n4.4 Honesty in presentation\n\nConsumer packaging should not be designed to give a false impression of the nature, quantity or quality of the contents. Any environmental claim made on the packaging should be capable of being substantiated, through traceability of documentation and as best practice through third-party and/or independent verification. Companies should keep good records of internal and external documentation to ensure traceability.\n\nNo claims should be made if there is no agreed upon definition of the term, or where competent and reliable scientific evidence does not exist to substantiate the claim. Clause 7 provides guidelines on the use of environmental claims for packaging including terms that should be avoided.\n\n4.5 Guidelines for consumers\n\nAll necessary instructions should be given, such as opening and closing instructions, drawing attention to potential hazards in using the contents, explaining how to use and store the contents. This also includes end-of-life options for the packaging. Companies should consider conducting adequate consumer testing regarding any on-pack claims to ensure consumers are able to understand the packaging\u2019s proposed guidelines or advice in an adequate and appropriate manner.\n\nConsideration should be given to provide guidance on how the product is best used and disposed of, in an environmentally responsible manner. Packaging should include guidelines for consumers with the relevant symbols/information to identify the material or composition of the packaging as well as the appropriate end-of-life methods. Guidelines of packaging labelling can be found under 7.5 and 7.6.\n\n4.6 Environmental considerations\n\nEssentially, to minimise the environmental impact throughout its life cycle, packaging should be designed / selected such that:\n\n- a minimum amount of material is used to maintain the necessary level of safety and hygiene of the packaged goods.\n- it should be able to be re-used or recovered for recycling and the environmental impacts arising from the recovery or disposal of the packaging is minimised.\n- it is important to consider the country of import as part of the product\u2019s carbon footprint during transport.\n\nNOTE \u2013 The majority of packaging within Singapore is imported.\n\nDetails of the environmental design requirements are given in Clause 6.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n4.7 End-of-life\n\nAfter packaging has served its purpose, it has reached its final stages of usage which is defined as the end-of-life stage. Each type of packaging should carefully consider the optimal design of the product to support appropriate end-of-life solutions, by optimising the lowest carbon footprint wherever possible.\n\nWherever possible and appropriate, packaging should be considered for re-use. Refer to 6.5, 6.9 and 6.10 for more details on various end-of-life options and material considerations.\n\n5 Principles of developing sustainable packaging\n\n5.1 General\n\nThese principles are fundamental and companies are encouraged to use them as guidance for decisions relating to development of sustainable packaging.\n\n5.2 Circular economy\n\n5.2.1 A circular economy is a concept which describes an economic system where materials remain in use even after their intended use has been completed. This is opposed to the traditional linear economy where materials are disposed, either properly or improperly, after they have served their purpose.\n\nNOTE \u2013 According to Singapore\u2019s Zero Waste Masterplan, the circular economy is a system which focuses on designing waste out of the resource ecosystem and maximising the value of resources by keeping them in use for as long as possible.\n\n5.2.2 In the context of the circular economy, these actions can be considered to mitigate the impact of packaging waste according to Figure 1.\n\nReduce & Reuse\nAvoid excessive consumption and promote efficient use of resources\nRecycle\nRecover valuable minerals from waste and turn waste into resources\nAdopt viable & efficient recycling mepods for environmental sustainability\nWaste Treatment\nAdopt innovative technologies to recover energy efficiently and minimise land-take & ash residue\nLandfill & Ash Management\nTurn ash residue into a resource and maximise landfill lifespan\n\nImage: National Environment Agency\n\nFigure 1 \u2013 Waste management hierarchy 1\n\nReproduced with permission of the National Environment Agency\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nIn the above hierarchy, reduce and re-use strategy is the most preferred option, followed by recycle, waste treatment and finally, landfill and ash management strategies. Considering the aim of this TR is to encourage the increased sustainability of packaging, it focuses on reduce, re-use and recycle strategies.\n\n5.2.3 In formulating a sustainability strategy for packaging, it is important to consider and balance the different aspects above, i.e., reduce and reuse, recycle, waste treatment, and landfill and ash management. While the waste management hierarchy implies the order of preference to be reduction followed by re-use, recycle and disposal, implementing these strategies may result in trade-offs which may be necessary. For example, designing a packaging to be re-used should entail a multi-composite product instead of a single material product to make it more durable and safer to be re-used multiple times. While this may make it easier to be re-used, it may result in an increase of materials used and may pose problems for recycling. Hence, a proper analysis of these trade-offs should be conducted to understand if these strategies truly result in a more sustainable packaging with respect to the waste, carbon emissions and other relevant sustainability metrics.\n\n5.2.4 Reduction strategy lessens the impact of packaging waste through reducing the amount of materials which are put into the market. This is the most preferred method as it requires the least amount of resources and effort to execute and in turn, reduces the strain on waste management and recyclables collection infrastructure.\n\n5.2.5 Re-use strategy aims to reduce the amount of packaging waste through ensuring packaging goods remain in use for as long as possible. This is generally less preferred than reduction strategy as it typically entails a redesign of packaging to be more durable while including behavioural change from consumers to re-use the packaging.\n\n5.2.6 Recycle strategy reduces the environmental impacts of packaging waste through ensuring that packaging materials are not simply disposed but remanufactured. This prevents the packaging materials from leaking into the environment or being incinerated and subsequently disposed in a landfill while providing a new avenue for raw materials and/or new goods. This is, however, a generally less preferred option than either reduction or re-use strategies given that more resources need to be dedicated to proper collection, sorting, logistics, and finally, recycling of packaging waste.\n\n5.3 Design and sourcing of materials\n\n5.3.1 General\n\nManufacturers are encouraged to target the reduction of carbon emission, energy consumption, water consumption and waste generation when designing packaging and sourcing for packaging material, taking into consideration the waste management hierarchy in 5.2.2. These are steps for developing more sustainable packaging. Materials are encouraged to be sourced from recycled, renewable sources as much as feasibly possible. This means using plant-based materials and/or pre- or post-consumer recycled materials, materials that do not contain hazardous chemicals or carcinogens, and/or ensuring that packaging materials are recyclable.\n\nNOTE \u2013 The National Environment Agency (NEA) had commissioned a life-cycle assessment study on carrier bags and food packaging in Singapore and found that every type of material causes different environmental impacts such as global warming, high water consumption and/or land use change. As waste in Singapore are mostly incinerated, switching biodegradable materials (e.g. plant-based degradable bags) may not necessarily improve environmental outcomes.\n\n5.3.2 Carbon emissions\n\nIn context of packaging, a carbon footprint is the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases emitted over the life cycle of that product or service, expressed as kilograms of CO2 equivalents. In a life cycle approach, the greenhouse generated during production, transport, useful life and end-of-life are analysed and measured. The design of the packaging should consider the\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\nlife cycle assessment by using the least amount of materials/energy, maximising renewable and/or recycled content and increasing the potential for re-use.\n\n5.3.3 Energy consumption\n\nEnergy is consumed throughout the life cycle of packaging, from the extraction of raw materials, production of packaging in a factory, transportation and finally its disposal.\n\nRecycling of materials offers distinct environmental advantages in terms of energy saving as part of an overall strategy, together with the use of more efficient forms of transport. The development and use of other forms of renewable energy is another strategy to replace carbon intensive energy sources.\n\n5.3.4 Water consumption\n\nWater is another resource that should be considered when evaluating options for packaging materials. Water may be consumed throughout the extraction and production stages of packaging materials, such as in crop growth for fibre-based packaging and even during washing waste packaging for recycling. Packaging manufacturers should consider water consumption impact and explore water reduction opportunities when selecting packaging materials.\n\n5.4 Life cycle assessment (LCA)\n\nLCA considers the entire life cycle of a product packaging, from raw material extraction and acquisition, through energy and material production and manufacturing, to use an end-of-life treatment and final disposal. Through such a systematic overview and perspective, the shifting of a potential environmental burden between life cycle stages or individual processes can be identified and possibly avoided. Refer to Clause 7 for more information.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 18330, "end_char_idx": 29004, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2a818b39-1082-41a4-9346-9362c611f298": {"__data__": {"id_": "2a818b39-1082-41a4-9346-9362c611f298", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "40c2bc74012c28aa217214a704c97906a758bb2481b72f00da656663af80b47f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "cd563902-254b-46a0-b0e7-fcb1e56a19c2", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "ddbb920b3a8a2589908223260725acdfba0fdd1f479c1e80c95a3844d3779ee9", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "74e8ede2-5286-4dd6-b3ac-1a16f452e5a0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5efc3531e09cb87e658d8af4750420e1763ef1a36df5c5b638f9b4f78fa4ff8f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Through such a systematic overview and perspective, the shifting of a potential environmental burden between life cycle stages or individual processes can be identified and possibly avoided. Refer to Clause 7 for more information.\n\nCompanies can refer to SS ISO 14040 and SS ISO 14044 for the relevant standards of LCA.\n\n6 Environmental design requirements\n\n6.1 General\n\nClause 6 provides practical guidance to organisations to improve the design and use of packaging in order to minimise its environmental impact.\n\nThis clause is subdivided into eight subclauses:\n\na) Upstream considerations\n- Packaging reduction\n- Design for re-use\n- Material design considerations\nb) Downstream considerations\n- Design for recyclability\n- Generic rules to improve recyclability\n- Design for organic recycling\n- Design for disposal\nc) Special considerations for industries\n\nNOTE \u2013 Each subclause provides technical knowledge tailored to Singapore, in terms of strategies and guidance for companies to consider. Where relevant, the subclauses also include examples.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.2 Packaging reduction\n\n6.2.1 General\n\nThe manufacturing of packaging requires energy, water, natural resources and generates greenhouse gas emissions, directly or indirectly. When the lesser material is used, lesser resources are consumed and the less stress it creates on the environment.\n\nThe quantity of the packaging material used should be kept to a minimum and consistent with the function of the packaging. Packaging which is not essential to the distribution, retail sale, storage use, or safety of the product should be removed.\n\nUsing weight benchmarks for different industry categories and packaging types can be a powerful tool to identify the potential of packaging reduction for specific goods.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Refer to the packaging benchmarking database for more details on weight benchmarks.\n\n6.2.2 Investigation of the whole supply chain\n\nIt is important to consider the complete system of primary, secondary and tertiary packaging so that a reduction in one component is not over-compensated by an increase in another.\n\nFurthermore, to ensure that a net reduction is achieved, the reduction or elimination of one packaging component should not result in substituting with different materials that are not be so readily recyclable as the original material.\n\n6.2.3 Investigation of transportation packaging\n\nFigure 2 illustrates the impact on the environmental and financial costs for a company when insufficient or excessive packaging is applied to the transport of a specific product.\n\n|Environmental and financial cost|Insufficient packaging|Excessive packaging|\n|---|---|---|\n|Optimal use of packaging|Use of packaging| |\n\nFigure 2 \u2013 Conceptual illustration of the environmental and financial cost impact of insufficient and excessive packaging\n\nAdapted with permission from Consumer Goods Forum, A Global Language for Packaging and Sustainability, A framework and a measurement system for our industry, June 2010, source\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore Single user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\n# TR 109:2023\n\nAs shown in Figure 2, when packaging is insufficient, the product has a higher risk of damage as well as an increased risk of product loss during transportation, which result in a sharp increase in the environmental and financial costs (loss of both packaging and content).\n\nOn the other hand, excessive packaging results in an increase in cost related to:\n\n- additional use of resources for the packaging;\n- loss of valuable space for the transporter resulting in higher logistical costs and higher carbon emissions; and\n- possible loss of clients who do not want to purchase from a supplier that uses excessive packaging.\n\nThe goal is to achieve the optimal use of packaging to ensure the safe delivery of goods while minimising the environmental and financial costs.\n\nPackaging reduction can be achieved through the following:\n\n- Use of lighter packaging materials but with similar performances for transportation. For instance, replace a cardboard box with paper fillers with a soft plastic bag and bubble wrap; and\n- Use of newer packaging technologies that optimise packaging materials and fillers to the dimension of the product.\n\nSuch packaging reduction strategies can apply to both packaging handed over to the end-user and packaging used to facilitate the transportation.\n\nThe quality of packaging being used has a significant impact on its ability to protect goods. When using an underperforming type of packaging (even in a sufficient quantity), there is also a risk of damage to the product. Using packaging of sufficient quality can significantly reduce the overall weight of packaging while providing sufficient protection.\n\nExample: The use of pallet-stabilising cohesive to minimise the use of stretch film for pallets\n\nStretch film is commonly used to secure goods to be transported on pallets. It is highly effective in minimising movement, protecting the goods from damage during transportation. It is also cheap and flexible to cater to irregular shaped pallets. However, it is often thrown away after one use.\n\nOrganisations can consider the use of pallet-stabilising cohesive. This spray-on cohesive has high sheer strength to prevent slippages during transportation and is applied between boxes that keep goods intact within the pallet confines. It is able to withstand tilts and movements during transportation. Some of these cohesives are also suitable for use in cold-chain transportation. Organisation should consider a life cycle assessment to determine the overall advantages of pallet-stabilising cohesive over alternative technologies or practices. They should also check that the solution does not negatively impact the recyclability of stretch film and is made of sustainable compounds that do not harm the environment and do not pose any health hazards.\n\nInvestigation of geometry of packaging\n\nThe container geometry and shape should be evaluated to determine whether a lower material surface area to volume ratios can be achieved.\n\nThe possibility of replacing two or more smaller packages with a single large packaging or increasing the bulk / volume of product in the retail unit should be considered, provided that it does not increase the amount of waste in other areas (e.g. an increase in food spoilage which results in food being thrown away).\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore Single user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\nIn the context of transportation and delivery of goods, this investigation should also consider features to improve the stack-ability of the goods (e.g. stacking layers, regular shaped packaging, avoiding odd-sized goods, etc.) and optimise the use of space for transportation while maintaining a good customer experience.\n\n6.2.5 Investigation of light weighting\n\nLight weighting of the packaging should be considered, where relevant.\n\nIt can be achieved in different ways as follows:\n\n- Use of alternative materials with a lower density while maintaining the packaging\u2019s integrity and content quality. For instance, paperboard with a lower grams per square meter (GSM) can be considered;\n- Use of additional packaging sizing options to better align with the dimensions of the goods during transportation;\n- Use of alternative packaging solutions to enhance a packaging performance that offers lower thickness. For instance, a common packaging for powder is paper bags with a plastic and aluminium inner lining. With the advancement in polymer science, polyethylene can be developed with higher density and enhanced properties to enable a multilayer film structure solution (preferably using the same polymer type) that provides similar water permeability performance;\n- Optimisation of packaging design to achieve light weighting in packaging while fulfilling the product\u2019s condition. For example, a company that supply polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage bottles has transitioned to a new design with a shorter neck that results in the use of lesser material in bottle (PET) and cap (high-density polyethylene (HDPE)).\n\n6.2.6 Investigation of product content alternatives to reduce packaging\n\nThe feasibility of redesigning the product to reduce packaging should be evaluated provided that the modified goods are environmentally appropriate and their efficacy remains.\n\nSuch changes can include, but are not limited to:\n\n- changing the physical shape of a product to optimise the use of space and reduce the surface area of packaging;\n- changing the chemical composition of a product to reduce the protection requirement of the packaging which can lead to a reduction of the thickness of protection layers.\n\n6.2.7 Investigation of alternative distribution systems\n\nAlternative distribution systems can lead to a change in the use of a product and, therefore, lead to significant packaging reduction.\n\nSuch alternative distribution systems can include, but are not limited to:\n\n- bulk distribution, where consumers bring their own containers;\n- reverse logistics, where packaging containers can be returned to the supplier (see 6.3 and Annex A for more details).\n\n16 COPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.3 Design for re-use\n\n6.3.1 Description of reusable packaging\n\nManufacturers should ensure that, if a reusable packaging has a greater environmental impact than its single use alternative, the expected number of re-uses to break even on the environmental impact is realistic. The environmental impact to enable \"re-use\" should be factored in, e.g. energy, water, chemical use for cleaning and reverse logistic carbon footprint.\n\n6.3.2 Characteristic of reusable packaging\n\nReusable packaging is designed to be durable, cleanable, collapsible or nestable, repairable, and/or able to refurbish for lower grade purposes.\n\n6.3.3 Re-use for the same application\n\nIdeal reusable packaging should be able to re-use for the same original application and able to maintain acceptable quality of condition in subsequent applications. Reusable packaging for the same application should be able to efficiently reduce the production of new packaging, hence greatly minimising the carbon footprint and other environmental impacts. Examples of reusable packaging are refillable detergent bottle, pallets for transportation, insulator container for food delivery service, glass bottle for beverage and eco bag for groceries.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 28774, "end_char_idx": 39414, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "74e8ede2-5286-4dd6-b3ac-1a16f452e5a0": {"__data__": {"id_": "74e8ede2-5286-4dd6-b3ac-1a16f452e5a0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "40c2bc74012c28aa217214a704c97906a758bb2481b72f00da656663af80b47f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2a818b39-1082-41a4-9346-9362c611f298", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "7e534b84be83131c46b3991428c357ba3a11ad9d1aab635ba8bc2e60041dcd1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "037c672c-a214-4f8f-ac4d-57e0bcb008da", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1a990e857831076d106821730748f91e30aac82aabd100fb731d73d09c0e890f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Examples of reusable packaging are refillable detergent bottle, pallets for transportation, insulator container for food delivery service, glass bottle for beverage and eco bag for groceries.\n\nExample 1: Reusable containers or boxes for goods transiting to retail stores\n\nAs goods are being transported from the warehouse to the retail stores, goods in their primary packaging can be transported in reusable boxes, minimising the use of secondary or tertiary packaging.\n\nThese boxes are often sturdy plastic containers that are utilised multiple times. They are with or without a cover depending on the protection required. They are often designed to be stackable and help to improve the capacity and bring down the cost of transportation.\n\nDue to the improved transportation capacity, carbon emissions are reduced. This is often witnessed in the transportation of bottled drinks where they are transported in reusable crates or in covered boxes for cosmetics and beauty goods to retail stores.\n\nExample 2: Reusable alternatives to stretch film\n\nIt is advisable for companies to consider using pallet covers that are reusable instead of stretch film. In the case where the goods are transported between premises located relatively close to each other, this becomes a viable option where the reusable pallet covers can be returned and re-used. The use of a reusable pallet cover eliminates the use of stretch film altogether.\n\nExample 3: Reusable e-commerce plastic mailer bags\n\nWith the proliferation of e-commerce and small packet logistics, the use of plastic mailer bags is rampant. These plastic envelopes are often used for a one-way trip. Reusable packaging as a service is also emerging (see 6.3.5). Where return and cleaning operations are possible, organisations should consider the use of reusable mailers. (NOTE \u2013 Refer to \u2018\u2018delivery on circularity\u201d which was a feasibility study conducted by World Wide Fund for Nature WWF) for more details on reusable e-commerce packaging. More information on reverse logistics can be found in the article, \u201cTowards sustainable express deliveries for online shopping: Reusing packaging materials through reserve logistics\u201d.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.3.4 Re-use for alternative application\n\nIn the event where packaging is no longer suitable to serve its original purpose, due to quality, hygiene or unavailability of reverse logistic, companies should explore the possibility of reconditioning for lower grade applications before the packaging\u2019s end of life. The reconditioned packaging should aim to achieve multiple times of usage for lower grade application. For example, food grade containers can be re-used as non-food containers. However, repurposing single-use plastic bags as rubbish bags are not considered as re-use.\n\nExample: Two-way e-commerce plastic mailer bags\n\nWhere possible, organisations should use bags that come with resealable solutions that can facilitate the return of goods from customers to the companies.\n\n6.3.5 Packaging as a service (PaaS)\n\nReusable packaging requires companies to maintain, track, record and report on the location and number of reusable packaging placed in the market. As a result, several companies offer packaging as a service (PaaS) to support organisations in the management of their packaging assets. For instance, the use of packaging as a service for pallets and shipping containers is a common practice in the freight industry.\n\nIn addition, in the recent years, there has been a growing interest for the use of PaaS for consumer applications, especially the food delivery sector in the recent years.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Several companies are established in Singapore and are able to facilitate the management, tracking, collection and cleaning of reusable containers.\n\n6.4 Material design considerations\n\n6.4.1 General\n\nEvaluating alternative materials for the packaging application may be relevant in designing a more sustainable packaging. This applies whether the objective is to improve recyclability, reduce plastic consumption, or reduce carbon footprint of the packaging.\n\nThe following factors should be considered when selecting the material of choice:\n\n- Packaging size, volume and weight;\n- Affordability;\n- Intention of packaging, single-use or refilled for re-use;\n- What happens to the packaging after disposal? Is it recycled locally?\n- LCA (see 5.4).\n\nThere are benefits and trade-offs between materials. The following subclauses describe materials frequently used in packaging applications, as well as considerations that should be taken into account to make more informed choices. Resources like the Alternative Material Tool is one good example of a publicly available resource that can be utilised.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.4.2 Glass\n\n6.4.2.1 Description of glass packaging\n\nGlass is mostly composed of quartz sand, soda, and limestone. Metal oxides are added to color glass (like green, brown, and clear) for varying reasons such as protection against UV light sources and for aesthetic purposes. Packaging made from glass is often reusable and endlessly recyclable (as cullet) without losing their properties.\n\nSome common packaging applications of glass are as follows:\n\n- Beverage bottles;\n- Food and condiment jars and vials; and\n- Cosmetic packaging.\n\n6.4.2.2 Environmental design considerations\n\nSome environmental design considerations in selecting glass as the packaging material are as follows:\n\n- Glass fragility needs to be addressed throughout a full supply chain. Keep in mind any additional materials that may be required for protection.\n- Shorter shipping distances and reduction of glass thickness are needed to lower carbon impact.\n- Virgin glass sourcing is not renewable and can degrade shorelines.\n- Glass needs to be checked for heavy metals. Migration of heavy metals such as lead, chromium, and cadmium, that come from the sand used for glass manufacture, can occur under acidic conditions due to ion exchange between cations from the glass inner surface and food.\n- Additives such as lead crystal, cryolite glass, and enamel, which are normally added to produce heat-resistant glass, should be avoided (unless necessary for the application). These are potential sources of impurity when mixed during recycling. Coatings and lacquers can also limit the recyclability of glass.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Clear, brown, and green glass is widely recycled in Singapore. See 6.7.1 for more details.\n\n6.4.3 Metals\n\n6.4.3.1 Description of metal packaging\n\nMetal packaging, made from aluminum or steel, is used throughout the retail, wholesale, commercial, and industrial sectors. Metal packaging can be split into two categories: ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal.\n\n6.4.3.2 Ferrous metal\n\nFerrous metals are pure iron or alloys which typically consist of iron. The most common ferrous alloys are steel. Ferrous metals may contain little amounts of other metals or components to render it the requisite properties. These metals are magnetic and offer only slight resistance to corrosion.\n\nSome common packaging applications of ferrous metals are as follows:\n\n- Food packaging;\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n- Paints and coatings;\n\n- Aerosols; and\n\n- Cosmetic packaging.\n\n6.4.3.3 Non-ferrous metal\n\nNon-ferrous metal refers to metals such as aluminium alloys. Packaging of non-ferrous metals may contain elements such as magnesium, silicon, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc.\n\nSome common packaging applications of non-ferrous metal are as follows:\n\n- Food and beverage containers; and\n- Cosmetic packaging.\n\n6.4.3.4 Environmental design considerations\n\nSome environmental design considerations in selecting metals as the packaging material are as follows:\n\n- Ferrous and non-ferrous metals consume more energy and are more costly to produce. They are a popular choice for refill/re-use executions.\n- Metals that minimize packaging weight and maximize recycled content to minimize the overall carbon impact.\n- Companies should confirm that the sourcing of raw materials is done ethically as mining conditions vary.\n- Coatings should be carefully evaluated for potentially hazardous or restricted substances.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Ferrous and non-ferrous metals are widely recycled in Singapore. See 6.7.4 for more details.\n\n6.4.4 Fibre-based materials\n\n6.4.4.1 Description of fibre-based packaging\n\nFibre-based packaging is packaging made from renewable and fibrous material \u2013 typically virgin pulpwood, recovered paper from post-industrial sources (e.g. post-industrial/consumer waste). Although fibre-based packaging derives from renewable feedstock, the processing of paper production from forest, to mill, converter, and packaging is equally an extensive production process and organizations should conduct appropriate research and life cycle assessment for the best product to suit their business needs.\n\nOrganizations should ensure that the fiber comes from responsibly managed sources, which can be validated through independent third-party certification standards, such as Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or Programme for the Endorsement for Forest Certification (PEFC). To further support circularity, organizations should increase the use of recycled content wherever possible.\n\n6.4.4.2 Paper, paperboard, and molded pulp\n\nPaper is produced through chemically processing of pulp - which is derived from plants and most commonly wood fiber (derived from trees).\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nSome common packaging applications of fibre-based materials are as follows:\n\n- Carry out bags;\n- Takeaway food containers;\n- Folding cartons such as primary and secondary packaging for food, confectionary, cosmetic, household and consumer goods;\n- Paper lining materials for transportation;\n- Envelopes;\n- Shredded paper fillers;\n- Beverage cartons;\n- Egg cartons, moulded pulp trays; and\n- Display and gift boxes.\n\nCorrugated board\n\nAlthough like paper, corrugated board is primarily differentiated through the varying thickness (grammage) and usually consists of one or more fluted paper glue to a flat sheet of board.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 39223, "end_char_idx": 49211, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "037c672c-a214-4f8f-ac4d-57e0bcb008da": {"__data__": {"id_": "037c672c-a214-4f8f-ac4d-57e0bcb008da", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "40c2bc74012c28aa217214a704c97906a758bb2481b72f00da656663af80b47f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "74e8ede2-5286-4dd6-b3ac-1a16f452e5a0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "2e07179797f617f41e11969bb9d0e03def57dfa80a932f61920fa763024034f0", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "be15fd6d-49b3-48d1-a514-8bf1e2a371ff", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "ff807798f1a8b2d81ed992c81fb5850b2aa5357771ba79d25c7071535322b274", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Corrugated board\n\nAlthough like paper, corrugated board is primarily differentiated through the varying thickness (grammage) and usually consists of one or more fluted paper glue to a flat sheet of board.\n\nSome common packaging applications of corrugated boards are as follows:\n\n- Folding cartons;\n- Transportation boxes for logistics and shipping; and\n- Secondary food packaging.\n\nWood\n\nWood packaging is commonly described as hardwood or softwood that is thicker than 6 mm. Most wood-based packaging provides excellent physical protection and limits movement of its content due to its natural surface.\n\nWood-based packaging made from raw wood should be treated appropriately to reduce the risk of introduction and spread of quarantine pests associated with the movement in international trade, e.g., phytosanitary (Refer to International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM)).\n\nSome common packaging applications of wood-based packaging are as follows:\n\n- Pallets for shipping and logistics;\n- Barrels for liquids and distilled beverages;\n- Drums for powdery and liquid items; and\n- Crates for storage of fragile goods.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.4.4.5 Alternate natural fibres\n\nOther than commonly used tree fibre, there has been an increase in the use of alternate natural fibres such as bamboo, bagasse, wheat, cassava. These fibres have been used increasingly in food-based packaging.\n\nSome common packaging applications of alternate natural fibres are as follows:\n\n- Carry out bags;\n- Paper lining for food-based packaging; and\n- Folding cartons such as primary and secondary packaging for food, confectionary, cosmetic, household and consumer goods.\n\n6.4.4.6 Environmental design considerations\n\nSome environmental design considerations in selecting fibres as the packaging material are as follows:\n\n- Renewable materials as feedstock should be used, but it is important to ensure that sourcing is done ethically/responsibly; and\n- Whilst fibres are generally suitable for packaging, additional coatings or barrier solutions should be avoided, except for greasy, liquid, or wet goods. Such barrier solutions should not contaminate paper stream or impact recyclability of packaging in paper stream. When using alternative fibres, they should not contaminate the general fibre stream.\n\nNOTE \u2013 There are existing recycling streams for paper, paperboard, moulded pulp, corrugated board and aseptic cartons in Singapore. See 6.7.3 for more details.\n\n6.4.5 Plastic\n\n6.4.5.1 Description of plastic packaging\n\nPlastic is a polymeric material which may be used in both flexible or rigid packaging applications. Plastic is versatile, hygienic, lightweight, flexible and durable due to its variable crystalline structure. Plastic is commonly derived from non-renewable sources, such as petroleum. However, there has been an increase in the use of bio-based material that is incorporated into plastic packaging structures. This is further elaborated in 6.4.7. There are various grades and types of plastics. The most common plastic polymers are described in the following subclauses.\n\n6.4.5.2 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)\n\nPolyethylene terephthalate (commonly referred to as PET or PETE) is a general-purpose thermoplastic polymer through the formation of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid.\n\nSome common packaging applications of PET are as follows:\n\n- Food and beverage containers and trays; and\n- Cosmetic and household packaging.\n\n6.4.5.3 Polyethylene (PE)\n\n6.4.5.3.1 Description of polyethylene\n\nPolyethylene (or polythene) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer. It is a versatile polymer which is suited to a wide range of packaging applications from bulk containers, bottles, to flexible bags and films.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nPolyethylene is typically further differentiated by the material density. All PEs offer good vapour or moisture barrier qualities and are chemically inert.\n\n# 6.4.5.3.2 High-density polyethylene (HDPE)\n\nHigh-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a thermoplastic polymer made from petroleum. HDPE is classified as a plastic product from the monomer ethylene, which is known for its tensile strength.\n\nSome common packaging applications of HDPE are as follows:\n\n- Food contact packaging;\n- Bottles;\n- Thin gauge carrier bags;\n- Caps; and\n- Produce bags.\n\n# 6.4.5.3.3 Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) / Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)\n\nLow-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a thermoplastic polymer made from petroleum. LDPE is classified as a plastic product from the monomer ethylene, which is known for its tensile strength.\n\nSome common packaging applications of LDPE are as follows:\n\n- Food contact packaging;\n- Thin barrier bags;\n- Shrink wrap, stretch film;\n- Air pocket holdings;\n- Coatings for food contact goods;\n- Protective sheeting;\n- Lids;\n- Wire and cable.\n\n# 6.4.5.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)\n\nPolyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a thermoplastic polymer produced by the polymerisation of vinyl chloride. It is known for its uses in radiation sterilisation and one of its common applications is in medical packaging.\n\nSome common packaging applications of PVC are as follows:\n\n- Packaging for disposable syringes and, medical devices;\n- Blister packaging for food-based packaging;\n- Cling film; and\n- Shrink sleeves for beverage bottles.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.4.5.5 Polypropylene (PP)\n\nPolypropylene (PP) is a linear hydrocarbon polymer. PP, like polyethylene (see HDPE, L/LLDPE), is a polyolefin or saturated polymer. In packaging applications, polypropylene is typically injection moulded in which toughness, flexibility, lightweight and heat resistance are required.\n\nSome common packaging applications of PP are as follows:\n\n- Containers for yogurt, margarine, takeout meals and deli food;\n- Medicine bottles;\n- Bottle caps and closures; and\n- Bottles for ketchup and syrup.\n\n6.4.5.6 Polystyrene (PS) and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)\n\nPolystyrene (PS) is a synthetic polymer made from styrene monomer, which origin of liquid petrochemical. It is a thermoplastic polymer which softens when heated and can be converted via semi-finished goods, such as films and sheets, into a wide range of final articles.\n\nSome common packaging applications of PS are as follows:\n\n- Single use food service packaging;\n- Insulation panels;\n- Medical-based packaging; and\n- Thermal transport boxes.\n\n6.4.5.7 Environmental design considerations\n\nThere are many different grades and types of plastic.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Refer to 6.7.2 on current waste management practices in Singapore for more details on tools and resources that can be referenced to evaluate which plastic is accepted by materials recovery facilities (MRFs) in Singapore.\n\nSome environmental design considerations in selecting plastic as the packaging material are as follows:\n\n- Plastic is extremely lightweight and affordable, minimising carbon impact from transportation.\n- Plastic is versatile for various environments and excellent at preserving the integrity of goods from moisture, oxygen, dust and odours.\n- Plastic polymers are highly durable. It is a good material choice for packaging intended to be refilled/re-used, but it can also have negative environmental impact if not properly disposed/recycled.\n\n6.4.6 Composites\n\nComposite materials may have a base material followed by various forms of coatings. For example, a composite material of paper with PE coating is used for its tensile strength, barrier coatings as well as hygiene and sanitisation reasons.\n\n24\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\nThe adoption of such multi-material composites often results in difficulty to recycle composite packaging within the commercial industrial processing plants, or manual separation is required.\n\nThere are three types of composites; fibre-based composites, plastic-based composites and metal-based composites.\n\nExamples of fibre-based composites include the following:\n\n- Paper bags with plastic reinforcement sheets or viewing windows;\n- Paper food boxes with PE coating;\n- Paper cups with PE coating;\n- Wax wraps for food packaging;\n- Blends of alternate natural fibres (bamboo, bagasse) for food service packaging; and\n- Drink cartons.\n\nExamples of plastic-based composites include the following:\n\n- Bags with industrial compostable claims (Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) / Polylactic acid (PLA) blends);\n- Blister packaging for medical goods (PVC based with aluminium peel off layer); and\n- Laminated film made of various substrates [e.g. bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film laminated with metallised PP (e.g. potato chips packaging), or PET film laminated with aluminium and LDPE (e.g. coffee packaging)].\n\nMetal-based composites include polymer-coated steels, such as tinplate combined with polymer through film lamination or direct extrusion.\n\nUsing bio-based materials can be an alternative source to petroleum-based materials. Examples of bio-sourced materials include paper, bio-PE/PP, bio-PET, PEF, PLA, PHA, cellulose, etc.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 49007, "end_char_idx": 58120, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "be15fd6d-49b3-48d1-a514-8bf1e2a371ff": {"__data__": {"id_": "be15fd6d-49b3-48d1-a514-8bf1e2a371ff", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "40c2bc74012c28aa217214a704c97906a758bb2481b72f00da656663af80b47f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "037c672c-a214-4f8f-ac4d-57e0bcb008da", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "c1fb74d8d592c248d08bdf4ed66060cbb069dc3b065428024e5f156abe118728", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "2712582a-92f1-4000-a95a-abd2f5bbd97e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "f8b5afc5ca6fa21ec9bac27b7ffbf01265bc0c34de1699e140489305789b6d43", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Using bio-based materials can be an alternative source to petroleum-based materials. Examples of bio-sourced materials include paper, bio-PE/PP, bio-PET, PEF, PLA, PHA, cellulose, etc. It is important to note that bio-based materials should not be confused with biodegradable materials as these are two different characteristics. Refer to Figure 3 on bio-based materials and Clause 3 for further explanation of the terminology. Considerations should be given to local infrastructures to ensure the relevance of such materials in the designated market.\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\n|TR 109:2023|Renewable (bio-based)|\n|---|---|\n|Bio-PE/PP, Bio-PET, PEF, PTF|paper|\n|PLA, PHA, starch, cellulose| |\n\nNOTE \u2013 Bio-based materials refer to materials falling in the top half of the above chart and can be either biodegradable or non-biodegradable\n\nFigure 3 \u2013 A chart on bio-based materials\n\nThe benefit of bio-based materials is that they are derived from raw materials that are renewable (e.g., corn, sugarcane, or cellulose, etc.), which means that they can be naturally replaced. However, to ensure that bio-based resources are truly renewable, the ecosystem from where they are sourced need to be carefully managed. Sustainably sourced renewable materials are those that are grown and harvested using management practices that maintain the productivity of natural systems without compromising their capacity for future generations.\n\nThe approaches to sourcing bio-based materials responsibly are as follows:\n\n- Companies reference to certification programmes for sustainable management practices. Some examples include PEFC, FSC for paper-type packaging;\n- Companies consider the use of locally or regionally sourced materials;\n- Companies consider if the feedstock is a by-product of agricultural production or is competing with resources for food production.\n\nThe other key consideration in using bio-based materials is the potential trade-offs in water consumption and land use required in acquiring the renewable feedstocks. It is therefore important to ensure that a holistic assessment is completed, typically in the form of a life cycle assessment prior to adopting the use of bio-based materials. Refer to 5.4 for more details on how to approach a life cycle assessment, means of assessment and other considerations.\n\nSome common packaging applications of bio-based materials are as follows:\n\n- Food contact packaging;\n- Carry out bags;\n- Water barrier coatings in food contact packaging (e.g. PLA lined paper cups); and\n- Medical & healthcare packaging.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.4.8 Recycled content\n\nUsing recycled material offsets the need for virgin resources. Therefore, in the manufacture or production of packaging materials, the use of recycled content should be prioritised and to the maximum extent, where:\n\n- the use of such recycled content is physically possible;\n- it is not detrimental to the functions of the packaging or packaged goods throughout the supply chain; and\n- it does not violate applicable health and safety standards.\n\nWhen choosing between recycled material supply options, priority should be given to using recycled material achieving the lowest levels of carbon emissions of the supply chain.\n\nThe use of recycled content for packaging materials may lead to:\n\n- an increase in possible sources of contamination;\n- an increase in the numbers and levels of chemicals that can migrate from packaging into or onto goods; and\n- a presence of non-intentionally added substances.\n\nSuch risks should be managed and adapted to the end application of the packaging materials. To maintain a high level of confidence and quality, recyclers and manufacturers should maintain a proper chain of custody for sourcing and use of packaging materials.\n\nBrand owners and manufacturers should refer to relevant regulations and legislation for specific requirements related to packaging materials intended for food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications.\n\nExample: E-commerce plastic mailer bags\n\nThese plastic mailer bags are often used for a one-way trip or two-way trip (with resealable feature). Both have a relatively short lifespan. Instead of using virgin plastics, there is an option to utilise post-consumer recycled materials such as post-consumer recycled LDPE plastic, or others from bio-based materials such as seaweed (refer to 6.4.7). Organisations should favour packaging materials that are recyclable.\n\n6.5 Design for recyclability\n\n6.5.1 Recycling eco-system and infrastructure\n\n6.5.1.1 Overview of general waste and recyclables collection and management\n\n6.5.1.1.1 Domestic and trade premises\n\nGeneral wastes and recyclables from domestic premises such as public housing estates, landed residential premises and some private apartments/condominiums, as well as trade premises such as shophouses, hawker centres, army camps, schools, places of worship, petrol stations and public sector buildings, are collected by public waste collectors (PWCs).\n\nNOTE \u2013 In Singapore, PWCs are appointed through open, competitive tenders to service the domestic and trade premises. The general wastes collected by the PWCs are sent for incineration at the waste-to-energy plants. Commingled recycling bins are provided for paper, metal, plastic and glass items which are collected by the PWCs and sent to the MRFs for further sorting and processing. After sorting, the recyclables are then sent to licensed general waste disposal facilities (GWDFs) for further processing.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.5.1.1.2 Commercial and industrial premises\n\nGeneral wastes and recyclables from commercial and industrial premises, as well as some private apartments/condominiums are collected by general waste collectors (GWCs).\n\nNOTE \u2013 In Singapore, GWCs are engaged by the premises directly through commercial contracts. GWCs are licensed by NEA. Incinerable waste is disposed of at waste-to-energy plants, non-incinerable waste is sent to a landfill, while recyclable waste is sent to licensed GWDFs for further processing.\n\nRecyclables collected from commercial and industrial premises can be processed and recycled locally or overseas.\n\nPackaging that has been disposed of may also be collected by the informal sector (e.g. rag-and-bone man) and sent to GWDFs for further processing. Sorted recyclables from GWDFs are either processed and recycled locally or overseas.\n\nNOTE \u2013 The National Environmental Agency (NEA) is the leading public organisation responsible for ensuring a clean and sustainable environment for Singapore. More information on acceptable recyclables in the blue bin is available on NEA website.\n\n6.5.1.2 Possibility for companies to organise their own collection schemes for recycling\n\nIn the absence of specific national collection schemes for certain types of packaging, companies may embark on their own collection schemes to collect back their packaging materials. This can help to reduce the contamination of the recyclables and improve the recycling rate.\n\nSome best practices are listed below:\n\n- Sufficient access to collection points\n- Collection points for packaging should cover as much of the population as possible so that it makes it easier for consumers to return their packaging. Alternatively, collection points should be strategically placed where consumption of the packaging usually occurs to optimise the distance from where the consumption occurs. For example, for collection of single-use packaging (consumed on-the-go e.g. PET bottles) companies should prioritise high footfall areas such as shopping malls.\n- Brand neutrality\n- Collection of packaging should be brand-neutral. Companies should not limit themselves to only collecting back their own brand of packaging. Limiting packaging collection to specific brands requires additional resources to educate the public and segregate the targeted packaging, leading to an inefficient system.\n- Education campaigns\n- These campaigns should be coupled with collection programmes aimed to increase awareness, encourage collection and reduce contamination of the packaging collected.\n- Stakeholder engagement\n- A wide variety of stakeholders such as premises owners of potential locations for collection points, civil society organisations and the government should be engaged to obtain a holistic point of view when designing collection programmes.\n- Collaboration amongst different companies\n- Companies that use the same packaging can help to reduce costs and achieve wider impact through pooling of their resources together and aiming to achieve economies of scale.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.5.2 Design guidance for recyclability\n\nThe design for recyclability of packaging is fundamental to enable efficient recycling. All packaging should be designed and produced to maximise recycling rates, taking into account the available waste collection systems and types of material that are accepted for recycling.\n\nThis should apply to primary, secondary, tertiary and service packaging. The following recommendations aim to provide guidance for improving the recyclability of packaging.\n\nWaste should first be sorted by categories. Such sorting may take place at the point of waste generation (segregation at the source) or in a dedicated sorting facility (or MRF). Upon sorting, different waste streams are directed to different facilities, some of which may be located overseas.\n\n- Plastics are sent to plastic recycling facilities (PRFs). Certain plastics collected are processed and recycled by the plastic recyclers. As not all of it can be processed by local recycling facilities, a certain portion may be exported. These recyclers are usually specialised in the recycling of specific polymer type or plastic resins such as PET, polyolefins (PE and PP), or PS.\n- Glass is sent to glass recycling facilities.\n- Metals are sent to smelting plants. Different types of metals go to specialised facilities.\n- Fibre-based goods are sent to a paper mill.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 57936, "end_char_idx": 68044, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "2712582a-92f1-4000-a95a-abd2f5bbd97e": {"__data__": {"id_": "2712582a-92f1-4000-a95a-abd2f5bbd97e", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "40c2bc74012c28aa217214a704c97906a758bb2481b72f00da656663af80b47f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "be15fd6d-49b3-48d1-a514-8bf1e2a371ff", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "cc813b00a39affebcf76fd41a91530521034891273582c3ff306dceea9b99313", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a97efe1b-4f5e-4c2f-b460-e71a2236e8d4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d7fc967a57aeb6d11232dcb1fb14843361691debcf245e3bafe7dcf7393d665c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "- Glass is sent to glass recycling facilities.\n- Metals are sent to smelting plants. Different types of metals go to specialised facilities.\n- Fibre-based goods are sent to a paper mill. Paper mills tend to be specialised in the type and grade (or quality) of paper waste goods.\n\nAs a consequence, the process and technologies used for recycling of different waste streams vary. Therefore, the recommendations to improve recyclability should be tailored in accordance with the actual waste stream.\n\nSeveral parameters can impact the recyclability of packaging. Such parameters include:\n\n- shape and size;\n- weight;\n- materials;\n- coatings;\n- dyes;\n- inks; and\n- glues.\n\nTable 1 gives an overview of the recyclability status of clean, dry and uncontaminated packaging materials. The recyclability status of packaging materials found in domestic waste assumes the packaging is used for a product typically found in households and is collected via the blue bins. The recyclability status of packaging materials found in commercial and industrial waste assumes that the packaging materials are segregated at source and are sent directly to recycling or trader facility.\n\nThe recyclability status of the packaging materials shown below are to be used as guidelines only. Also, the status may change as the recycling ecosystem changes (due to new technologies, facilities, or commodity pricing).\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n**Table 1 \u2013 Availability of recycling options for packaging materials collected in Singapore (as of January 2023)**\n|Material category|Packaging materials found in domestic waste|Packaging materials found in commercial and industrial waste|\n|---|---|---|\n|Fibre-based goods| | |\n|Paper|Yes|Yes|\n|Corrugated board|Yes|Yes|\n|Wood|No|Yes|\n|Alternative fibre|Unknown|Unknown|\n|Plastics| | |\n|PET (1)|Yes|Yes|\n|HDPE (2)|Yes|Yes|\n|PVC (3)|No|No|\n|LDPE (4)|Yes|Yes|\n|PP (5)|Yes|Yes|\n|PS (6)|Yes|Yes|\n|EPS|No|Yes|\n|Bioplastics|No|Unknown|\n|Glass| | |\n|Clear|Yes|Yes|\n|Brown|Yes|Yes|\n|Green|Yes|Yes|\n|Other colours|No|No|\n|Metal| | |\n|Ferrous metal|Yes|Yes|\n|Non-ferrous metal|Yes|Yes|\n|Others| | |\n|Composite|No|No|\n|Beverage carton|Yes|Yes|\n\nNOTE \u2013 It is assumed all materials received are clean, dry and uncontaminated.\n\n# 6.6 Generic rules to improve recyclability\n\n# 6.6.1 General\n\nRegardless of the type of material used, certain rules related to the improvement of recyclability apply in most situations.\n\n# 6.6.2 Avoid the use of multi-material goods\n\nRecycling facilities are designed to transform specific types of materials. Therefore, if a secondary material is different from its main component (such as a plastic label on a cardboard box), then the secondary material represents a contaminant and should be removed by the recycling facility. For instance, organisations should avoid the use of composite materials such as multiple layer packaging like trays of cardboard with plastic lamination.\n\nWhenever possible, organisations should favour mono-material packaging.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.6.3 Use of materials that can be easily removed\n\nIf a secondary material is a contaminant for the recycler, then the secondary material should be separated from the main component. The type of bonding used impacts the ease of removing secondary materials. For instance, non-water soluble glue for a LDPE label on a PET bottle prevents the separation of the label from the bottle and negatively impacts the quality of the recycled PET.\n\nWhen it is not possible to have mono-material packaging, organizations should favor bonding types that facilitate the separation of materials at the recycling facility.\n\n6.6.4 Minimize the use of multiple materials\n\nEven if materials can be relatively easily separated, some contaminants may still go through the sorting and cleaning processes of the recycler. Therefore, the use of secondary materials should be kept to the strict minimum.\n\n6.6.5 Avoid materials that can be mistaken for something else\n\nTo facilitate the sorting process, organizations should avoid designing packaging for which the material can easily be mistaken for something else.\n\nFor instance, some thick transparent plastic bottles can be made to feel and look like glass or likewise PLA bottles can also be made transparent that resembles PET bottles. In such a situation, brand owners and packaging manufacturers should provide clear instructions on how to dispose of these packaging to avoid contamination of the recycling stream.\n\nNOTE \u2013 In Singapore, sorting of recyclables from the commingled blue recycling bins is performed at MRFs.\n\n6.6.6 Avoid small packaging items\n\nThe smaller an item is, the more difficult it is to sort it properly both manually (with workers) and automatically (with machines). The discarded packaging should be adequately sized to facilitate its identification and sorting in the MRFs.\n\nWhenever possible, organizations should avoid packaging resulting in small items such as individually wrapped sweets.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Typically, in Singapore, any item which is less than 50 mm in three dimensions may not be sorted out at the MRFs.\n\n6.6.7 Apply disruptive packaging design approach\n\nThe small and/or detachable components on a packaging (preferably using the single and compatible material as the main component) can be designed to be attached onto the overall packaging throughout its service life.\n\nFor example, a detachable standard screw cap on a PET beverage bottle can be redesigned with a tethered feature to ensure the cap is attached onto the tamper-evident ring and overall packaging even after consumption. This approach improves the management of waste collection and prevents any unfavorable waste leaks to the ocean and environment.\n\nAdoption of innovative disruptive packaging design is highly encouraged, especially if the solution promotes the use of fewer materials and/or better sustainability such as a lower carbon footprint.\n\nFor example, plastic is used to replace some conventional metal can packaging in goods such as fruits and processed meat, which provides equivalent shelf life and lighter packaging weight for transport in contributing to lower carbon emission.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.6.8 Avoid the use of any components that contain heavy metals\n\nHeavy metals are a serious form of contamination for recyclable materials as they can have a detrimental impact of the quality of the end products from the recycler. General product packaging components should not contain intentionally added lead, cadmium, mercury, or hexavalent chromium. The sum of the concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury and hexavalent chromium present in any packaging component should not exceed the permitted limits.\n\n6.7 Additional rules to improve recyclability of specific packaging materials\n\n6.7.1 Glass\n\n6.7.1.1 Avoid dark tinted glass\n\nGlass beneficiation facilities operate optical sorters to segregate glass cullet by colours. When a glass is dark tinted, the light beam of the sorter does not go through the glass. As a result, it is discarded as waste. Therefore, organisations should avoid the use of dark tinted glass.\n\n6.7.1.2 Minimise opaque areas on glass\n\nTo facilitate the optical sorting at the glass beneficiation facility, minimise opaque areas on glass, such as paint, labels and other add-ons.\n\n6.7.1.3 Avoid the use of plastic labels and minimise the area of the label that is adhesive\n\nPlastic labels are a contaminant and are discarded. The glass glued to the label is lost. To maximise the recovery of glass, avoid the use of plastic label. If that is not possible, minimise the area of the label that is adhesive.\n\n6.7.2 Plastic\n\n6.7.2.1 Use of plastic resins that have an end market\n\nPlastic resins are a commodity which are subject to a variety of factors such as supply, demand, regulatory changes, crude oil prices, etc. As a result, certain plastic resins do not have an end-market and, therefore are not recycled even if it is technically possible. Historically, there has always been an end-market for PET and HDPE as opposed to PS.\n\nWhenever possible, organisations should prioritise plastic resins that have an established end-market. It is important to closely monitor the development of the market.\n\n6.7.2.2 Avoid the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)\n\nIntrinsically, PVC contains high chlorine content and complex additives that requires dedicated segregation and processing for recycling. These components are not compatible with most plastic and therefore the application of PVC should be avoided whenever possible.\n\n6.7.2.3 Avoid the use of non-plastic materials or components\n\nTo maximise the quality and consistency of recycled plastic, it is important to eliminate the use of non-plastic materials such as paper and metal.\n\nA packaging design that consists of plastic and non-plastic material will be challenging for plastic recycling as a typical recycling facility likely does not have the advanced technologies to separate the specific materials effectively.\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\n6.7.2.4 Adopt similar density of different plastics if multi-materials are required\n\nThe use of multi-materials has been conventional to meet specific performance and requirements for specific flexible and some rigid plastic packaging.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 67858, "end_char_idx": 77256, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a97efe1b-4f5e-4c2f-b460-e71a2236e8d4": {"__data__": {"id_": "a97efe1b-4f5e-4c2f-b460-e71a2236e8d4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "40c2bc74012c28aa217214a704c97906a758bb2481b72f00da656663af80b47f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "2712582a-92f1-4000-a95a-abd2f5bbd97e", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "289af0df97d9ddb2f58dc6eca52dc5ae859e0a5fb7b50f8374455080245884f6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "57881336-f839-4e44-9fdd-95cbe84e367f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "01486052532a0ded31c377eff51868c1cec34c9a8b1a119bad7c1d3c0820babc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "If possible, the specific density of each material (excluding foamed or filled materials) should preferably be of similar range to enable efficient segregation especially in specific recycling sorting techniques such as the floatation method. For multi-materials that cannot be of similar density range, the separation or delamination should be considered for allowing the respective materials to be separated effectively.\n\n6.7.2.5 Use of compatible materials\n\nSpecifically for flexible and some rigid plastic packaging with oxygen barrier requirement, the incorporation of a barrier material or component is a common approach for the provision of low oxygen transmission. The use of such components should be kept at a minimum in order not to compromise the quality of the recycled material.\n\nThere are published guidelines available for reference on plastic compatibility. Such guidelines include the APR design guidelines and RecyClass guidelines, which consist of detailed recommendations for the choice of barrier material and its limit for high compatibility and recyclability in return. For example, incorporation of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) in polyethylene film should not comprise more than 5 %, which may inhibit the efficiency of recycling.\n\n6.7.2.6 Avoid the use of fillers\n\nIn this context, a filler refers to a solid additive incorporated into a polymer matrix. Fillers are commonly used to reinforce and elevate the mechanical properties of a material. In some cases, a filler is added to reduce the material cost. As the filler increases the density of a material, it can interfere with the accuracy of the sorting process of recycling and affects the consistency to recover a specific material.\n\n6.7.2.7 Avoid the use of bio/oxo/photo-degradable additives\n\nBio/oxo/photo-degradable additives facilitate the degradation of packaging materials into smaller forms. Such packaging may degrade prior to sending to the sorting facilities and make the sorting and recycling more difficult. Furthermore, when such packaging is mixed with conventional plastics, it affects the quality and mechanical properties of the recycled plastic.\n\n6.7.2.8 Avoid the use of high content of black ink or colouring\n\nIn some plastic recycling facilities, near-infrared (NIR) techniques may be used for material sorting. The presence of a high level of black ink coverage in a packaging can disrupt the NIR reflection and result in sorting inaccuracy. The use of black ink on packaging should be minimised to improve the rate of recyclability.\n\nWhenever possible, the overall artwork should also be minimal to avoid excessive use of colouring so as to attain highest purity and consistency of the recycled plastic.\n\n6.7.2.9 Use the same or compatible material for label\n\nFor packaging that consists of a label or sleeve, the use of the same material and having the same colour as the main packaging body are highly recommended to promote recyclability. The use of dissimilar material hinders the effectiveness of recycling.\n\nFor example, the use of PP label is most favourable on a polypropylene (PP) bottle as compared to a label using polyethylene, which is still regarded as a similar polymer group of polyolefins. However, if the label consists of PVC, paper, aluminium or metallised components, it is highly unfavourable to the recycling of a PP bottle, especially if the label or sleeve cannot be removed upon recycling.\n\n33 COPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.7.2.10 Use of easily removable label or sleeve\n\nIf the use of same material or similar group as the main packaging body is not feasible, the label or sleeve of a dissimilar material should be constructed for easy removal. The label or sleeve should only utilise minimum space on the packaging body that allows the packaging to be recognised for sorting during recycling.\n\n6.7.2.11 Optimise the packaging design to allow full access to content\n\nTo avoid having any unwanted contaminant present during recycling, it is important to minimise or eliminate the residual content in a packaging after consumption. The packaging should be designed as such to enable easy access to all contents and allow basic cleaning before disposal for recycling.\n\n6.7.3 Paper\n\n6.7.3.1 Avoid plasticising glues (hot melt glue)\n\nPlasticising glues do not dissolve in water and are a contaminant during the pulping process of a paper mill. Therefore, organisations should favour the use of water-soluble glues for paper packaging.\n\n6.7.3.2 Avoid UV inks and coatings\n\nUV inks and coatings cannot be separated during the deinking process of a paper mill and degrade the quality of the final product. Such inks and coatings should be avoided.\n\n6.7.3.3 Avoid use of chlorine as a bleaching agent\n\nThe use of elemental chlorine (Cl) as a bleaching agent to bleach virgin or recovered fibres used in product packaging should be minimised or eliminated. Product packaging should be either elemental chlorine free (ECF), totally chlorine free (TCF) or processed chlorine free.\n\n6.7.4 Metal \u2013 Aluminium\n\nOrganisations should not mix steel with aluminium packaging. Steel has a higher melting point than aluminium. Therefore, if steel is mixed with aluminium, it degrades the quality of the aluminium ingot.\n\n6.7.5 Use of test methods to evaluate packaging recyclability\n\nIn order to further improve the design for recyclability of the packaging, the organisation can consider conducting an in-depth recyclability assessment of the packaging with the help of third-party providers such as consulting companies and laboratories.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Laboratory testing protocols exist in other countries and can be used as a guide for Singapore, until a Singapore-specific protocol is established.\n\n6.7.6 Access to a programme for recycling at scale\n\nTechnologies are evolving and can allow previously difficult or not recyclable packaging to be recycled. Furthermore, new business models may offer collection and recycling capabilities at scale for specific types of packaging.\n\nManufacturers should make themselves aware of such capabilities to determine if specific packaging can effectively be collected, sorted and recycled.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.8 Design for organic recycling\n\n6.8.1 Biological treatment of packaging\n\nWhen using packaging designed to be composted, brand owners should make sure that packaging is used in ecosystems where they can be realistically collected for recycling by these companies.\n\nCompanies should not assume that compostable packaging have a viable end of life in countries where home composting is nascent, e.g. in Singapore.\n\nBiological recycling or organic recycling include aerobic (composting) or anaerobic (digestion) treatment of the biodegradable packaging materials through microbial activity under controlled conditions.\n\nIn the presence of oxygen, the organic recycling process produces stabilised organic residues (compost), carbon dioxide and water. Whereas, in the absence of oxygen, it produces methane rich biogas and digestate. These by-products can be taken and used by other entities, thus, promoting a circular economy.\n\nLandfilling and littering are not considered as organic recycling. Additionally, oxo-degradable plastics is not considered to be organically recyclable and organisations should avoid using it. Oxo-degradable plastic typically contains a chemical additive that triggers fragmentation when the material is exposed to heat or UV rays.\n\nNOTE 1 \u2013 Manufacturers have claimed that the fragments can biodegrade after fragmentation, but conclusive evidence suggests otherwise and led to it being banned by the European Commission, through the European Single-Use Plastics Directive (Directive (EU) 2019/904 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 2019 on the reduction of the impact of certain plastic products on the environment).\n\nNOTE 2 \u2013 In Singapore, there are no public facilities for the biological treatment of packaging. Separately, there are also local commercial companies able to collect and digest certain types of packaging waste. However, these companies do not represent a collection for organic recycling at scale for all biodegradable packaging.\n\n6.8.2 Packaging requirements\n\nFor packaging to participate in organic recycling, it needs to be constructed entirely from biodegradable materials, such as biogenic bioplastic (PLA, PHA) and paper (non-composite paper). As discussed in 6.4.7, note that not all bioplastics are biodegradable. At the end of its useful life, the packaging needs to be treated in an appropriate organic recycling facility.\n\nWhether packaging is designed to be composted in industrial or home facilities, organisations should only procure compostable packaging which refer to the relevant standards.\n\nSuch standards include:\n\nAS 5810 for biodegradable plastics suitable for home composting;\nEN 13432 for requirements for packaging recoverable prough composting and biodegradation;\nEN 14995 for pe evaluation of compostability of plastics.\n\nConsidering the current state of infrastructure, organisations should ensure that the use of compostable packaging is relevant and that organic recycling is likely and realistic.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|6.8.3|Certification programmes|\n|---|---|\n| |Manufacturers may apply for certification programmes to demonstrate the compostability and suitability of packaging for industrial or home composters. Manufacturers should ensure that the certification programme is relevant and applicable.|\n\n# 6.9 Design for disposal\n\nThis is the least preferred environmental design option. However, because of the limitations inherent in re-use and recycling systems, this option should be considered as the final possible disposition of all packaging.\n\nThe packaging should be designed to facilitate a safe and if possible, easy disposal by consumers when it reaches the end of its life cycle, which may have included multiple re-use and recycling. This depends on the type of packaging.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 77257, "end_char_idx": 87203, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "57881336-f839-4e44-9fdd-95cbe84e367f": {"__data__": {"id_": "57881336-f839-4e44-9fdd-95cbe84e367f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "40c2bc74012c28aa217214a704c97906a758bb2481b72f00da656663af80b47f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a97efe1b-4f5e-4c2f-b460-e71a2236e8d4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "832cbc61cab619b9c56c3c1c8a4eaf110837f597c4b98d07d8f815eb3d64481d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a33461ae-75ff-4532-ab83-b37457d63c18", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "963fd1adfa3322d11927893098491d81d001a184ea5895474b69a010ed9d8038", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The packaging should be designed to facilitate a safe and if possible, easy disposal by consumers when it reaches the end of its life cycle, which may have included multiple re-use and recycling. This depends on the type of packaging.\n\nThe packaging and its components (e.g., ink, dyes, pigments, stabilisers, solders and adhesives) should be designed such that hazardous substances occurring in emissions, ash or leachate on disposal, are minimised.\n\n# 6.10 Special considerations for industries\n\n# 6.10.1 Specific considerations for packaging in contact with food\n\nIt is presupposed that all food contact articles (including food containers and food packaging) imported, used or sold are in compliance with applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Business operators of food-contact articles should ensure that their food contact articles do not migrate any harmful substances into food.\n\n# 6.10.2 Specific considerations for packaging in contact with hazardous content\n\nThis is not considered in these guidelines; refer to the relevant legislations.\n\n# 6.10.3 Specific considerations for the use of recycled plastic for food grade applications\n\nSpecial considerations should be given to the use of recycled content for packaging materials in contact with food as its use may lead to:\n\n- an increase in possible sources of contamination;\n- an increase in the numbers and levels of chemicals that can migrate from food packaging into food; and\n- the presence of non-intentionally added substances.\n\nFood manufacturers and traders should ensure that no harmful substances migrate into food.\n\nUnlike glass and metal which are relatively impervious to contaminants and relatively easily cleaned during the recycling process, plastic is more challenging to recycle and can represent a threat of contamination for food by toxic chemicals. Working with reliable suppliers of pre- or post-consumer recycled plastic is important.\n\nNew standards are being developed to establish reliable and relevant health and safety guidelines for the use of recycled materials. Companies should be aware of the relevant guidelines or protocols for the use and sourcing of post-consumer recycled contact for food grade applications. When relevant, the American and European agencies maintain a database of post-consumer recycled plastic manufacturers:\n\n36\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nThe U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) issues no objection letter (NOL) to recyclers in order to informally confirm that the company can produce food-grade plastic from post-consumer recycled materials.\n\nThe European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) issues formal assessment of technologies for the recycling of post-consumer plastic into food contact materials.\n\nTo maintain a high level of confidence and quality, recyclers and manufacturers should maintain a proper chain of custody for sourcing and using of packaging materials.\n\n# Environmental claims\n\n# General\n\nAn environmental claim is the practice of suggesting or creating the impression (in the context of a commercial communication, marketing or advertising) that a product or service has a positive impact on the environment or is less damaging to the environment than competing goods or services.\n\nEnvironmental claims should meet the same legal standards as any other kinds of advertising. An environmental claim can take the form of text, symbols, or graphics. It can be printed on the packaging of a product or displayed on advertising material (physical and digital). In order to prevent unfair commercial practices that may harm the commercial interests of consumers and other market players, specific guidance should be followed when making environmental claims. An environmental claim should be relevant, clear, accurate and substantiated.\n\nThis clause deals with making acceptable environmental and recycling claims and attempts to provide guidance for companies to make such claims clearly and responsibly and to build consumer trust. Overall, the guidance provided in this clause is intended to create a level playing field to enhance consumer awareness, improve the adoption of sustainable choices on the purchase, use/re-use, disposal and the recycling of packaging.\n\n# Principles for acceptable environmental claims\n\n# General\n\nEnvironmental claims may have a single-issue (e.g. carbon footprint) or multi-issue approach (e.g. environmental footprint) and can provide a holistic perspective considering the impacts of every stage of the product\u2019s life cycle, from raw material extraction and product manufacturing, through its use and disposal (known as \u201ca life cycle approach\u201d).\n\nThe following list of principles that should be applied when making environmental claims for your goods has been adapted from the United Nations Environment Programme\u2019s \u201cGuidelines for providing product sustainability information (2017)\u201d.\n\nThe following recommendations establish some basic principles which organisations are encouraged to adopt.\n\n# Principle 1: Accuracy\n\nTo ensure that environmental claims are accurate, they should be:\n\n- based on facts supported by evidence that can be substantiated or evaluated;\n- endorsed by experts that the evidence is robust and relevant;\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n\u2212 aware of any exclusions, limitations and assumptions that were used in building the claim and communicate them clearly.\n\n# 7.2.3 Principle 2: Relevance\n\nWhen considering major improvements or innovation with the packaging that improve its overall sustainability performance, companies should highlight only the areas that matter to their customers and consumers.\n\nWhen doing so, companies should bear in mind that these claims:\n\n- \u2212 are integral to the product, i.e., its function, materials or performance;\n- \u2212 are a genuine benefit and significantly better than what is already required by law; and\n- \u2212 do not mask other aspects where the packaging is performing poorly or has deteriorated.\n\n# 7.2.4 Principle 3: Clarity\n\nCustomers and consumers generally want clear messages and language to inform them when they make purchasing decisions.\n\nThe following ensures that the information provided is useful:\n\n- \u2212 Avoid vague, ambiguous and broad \u201cgeneral environmental\u201d claims. This is further explained in 7.3. Generally, customers or consumers should be able to quickly distinguish between the sustainability claim and brand information.\n- \u2212 Share information that helps customers and consumers understand their role in improving product performance and the impact of their consumption.\n- \u2212 Provide simple guidance on how customers and consumers can alter or improve their consumption behaviour.\n- \u2212 Consider using internationally recognised graphics, pictures and symbols. These visual elements should be accompanied by explanatory statements, if needed.\n\n# 7.2.5 Principle 4: Transparency\n\nIt is important that customers and consumers are allowed to evaluate environmental claims. Information that underpins a claim should not be hidden, including the following:\n\n- \u2212 Making the information understandable, which includes simplifying technical information for consumers to providing detailed and complex information to customers, where relevant.\n- \u2212 Not making a claim if the underlying information is confidential.\n- \u2212 Considering different ways in which a consumer may reasonably interpret a claim, even if it is not the intended message.\n- \u2212 Ensuring that disclaimers are clearly communicated near the claim they are intended to qualify to avoid creating misleading claims.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n7.2.6 Principle 5: Accessibility\n\nEnvironmental claims, if they are made, should be accessible particularly to consumers, i.e. the information should be readily available to the consumer (e.g. in the supermarket aisle) and is clearly visible (e.g. as an on-pack label).\n\n7.3 Principles for specific types of environmental claims\n\n7.3.1 Comparison with other materials\n\nComparative advertising or communication is subject to the same five basic principles listed above. The comparison should be meaningful, which in practice means that:\n\n- The comparison should refer to goods that meet the same needs or are intended for the same purpose.\n- The criteria for comparisons should be relevant for the assessment of the main environmental impacts of a product.\n- The aspects and criteria that are compared should be clear and meaningful for the environmental assessment of the goods. For this reason, comparisons may be made only if:\n- The data on which the comparison is based comes from reliable sources, such as peer reviewed LCA, or reputable third parties have reviewed or published the data on which the comparison is based, e.g., NGOs, governmental agencies.\n- The comparison is market specific (especially on weight and carbon footprint against a relevant packaging alternative).\n\n7.3.2 Carbon claims linked to CO2 emissions or lower climate impact\n\nClimate change is likely to remain a central topic as it represents a significant challenge. Refer to 7.1 when making comparative claims. A third party reviewed LCA or carbon footprint report should be publicly available.\n\n7.4 Pitfalls to avoid\n\n7.4.1 Shifting of burden\n\nClaims about processes and materials (such as \u201cuse of natural fibres\u201d, \u201c100% recycled content\u201d, \u201ccompostable\u201d or \u201cfree from synthetic material\u201d) can be helpful, if this does not detract from the relevant sustainability issues related to the life cycle of a piece of packaging, i.e., burden shifting is avoided. In line with the principle of reliability, the claim should be substantiated by quantitative (e.g. life cycle assessment studies) or qualitative (e.g. focus group discussions) information.\n\n7.4.2 Greenwashing\n\n\u201cGreenwashing\u201d is any attempt to mislead consumers and to market goods in such a manner that implies it is more environmentally friendly than they actually are. This can be an exaggeration or misrepresentation of an improved environmental performance, a claim that cannot be verified, is irrelevant or is simply false. \u201cGreenwashing\u201d has the potential to demotivate consumers to purchase and use more sustainable goods and penalise providers of information who adhere to appropriate guidelines.\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\n7.4.3 General sustainability benefit claims\n\nBroad, general sustainability benefit claims are difficult, if not impossible, to substantiate and often mislead or confuse consumers.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 86969, "end_char_idx": 97530, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a33461ae-75ff-4532-ab83-b37457d63c18": {"__data__": {"id_": "a33461ae-75ff-4532-ab83-b37457d63c18", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "40c2bc74012c28aa217214a704c97906a758bb2481b72f00da656663af80b47f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "57881336-f839-4e44-9fdd-95cbe84e367f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "51c2ba4b9e26cafb2bd9cdde3a9baa2b94b0a94472249ff711c1efccd0df7c66", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "b312cb3a-b226-43d6-9a00-987b4917f87a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "194959f1888d8a3f58cac9f3bc552598293d7ce71c42339705cf09b3461c9cfe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\n7.4.3 General sustainability benefit claims\n\nBroad, general sustainability benefit claims are difficult, if not impossible, to substantiate and often mislead or confuse consumers. Terms (non-exhaustive list) that should be avoided are: \"environmentally friendly\", \"eco-friendly\", \"eco\", \"good for the environment\", \"sustainable\", \"green\", \"carbon friendly\", \"natural\", \"non-toxic\", \"ecologically safe\", \"pollutant free\", \"clean\", \"zero emissions\" and \"biodegradable\".\n\nIf such a general claim is made, it should be made in line with ISO 14021:2016 which specifies requirements for self-declared environmental claims, including statements, symbols and graphics, regarding goods or accompanied by clear and prominent qualifying language/ standards that limit the claim to a specific benefit or set of benefits.\n\nFor example, a claim such as \"eco-friendly: made with recycled materials,\" is misleading under the following circumstances:\n\n- The statement \"made with recycled materials\" is not clear and prominent.\n- It is not clear if the claim applies individually to the goods (i.e. what is inside), the packaging, or both.\n- The trader cannot substantiate that the entire packaging, excluding minor, incidental components, is made from recycled material.\n- Making the packaging with recycled materials does not make the packaging more environmentally beneficial overall.\n- The advertisement\u2019s context implies other misleading claims.\n\nThe term \"compostable\" is often used interchangeably with \"biodegradable\". However, biodegradable products are not necessarily compostable. A biodegradable product can biodegrade in some environments and not in others and the timeframe for biodegradation is unknown. Importantly, all certified compostable plastics biodegrade and when mixed in compost contribute to soils, but not all biodegradable plastics turn into compost. If a material does not break down in both commercial and home composting scenarios, the claim should be adequately qualified.\n\nIn countries where there are no commercial or industrial scale composting facilities (e.g. Singapore) and if a brand owner chooses to use compostable packaging, it should be designed for a home composting environment. Such packaging should ideally meet home composting standards such as AS 5810:2010. In addition, where composting facilities are not present/limited, or composting is not widely practised, claims should be qualified so as not to mislead consumers about the environmental benefit when the item is disposed of in a landfill, incinerator, or recycling facility where compostability is irrelevant.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Refer to EN 13432:2006 and AS 4736:2000 for information on commercial and home compostability.\n\n7.5 Reduced packaging label\n\nCompanies should reduce the usage of materials in their packaging, e.g. reduction in thickness or weight, or eliminated unnecessary packaging.\n\nNOTE \u2013 In Singapore, the \"Logo for Products with Reduced Packaging\" (LPRP) in Figure 4 is a voluntary eco-label administered by the Packaging Partnership Programme that helps consumers identify products with reduced packaging. For more information about LPRP, visit the packaging partnership programme website.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nCouc3\n\nFigure 4 \u2013 Logo for Products with Reduced Packaging (LPRP)3\n\n# 7.6 Recycling label\n\n# 7.6.1 Recycling labelling scheme\n\nOn-pack recycling labelling schemes help consumers and companies to recycle correctly and support brand owners to design packaging that is recyclable at end-of-life. Overall, on-pack labels should provide clear and simple instructions about how to recycle and to increase and improve responsible consumer behaviour.\n\nInternationally, determining recyclability is complex. There is a range of factors that influence what is classified as recyclable or not recyclable, including a material\u2019s technical recyclability and whether it is recycled at scale (see Clause 6).\n\nNOTE \u2013 At present, there is no mandated or standardised recycling label stipulated for use in Singapore.\n\n# 7.6.2 Use of a recycling symbol label\n\nTo make a claim about the recyclability of consumer packaging, a company should verify the following:\n\n- The packaging item is accepted by a national recycling programme.\n- NOTE \u2013 NEA provides an updated list of materials and goods that are accepted for recycling in Singapore. Refer to 6.5.1.1 for more information on waste collection and management in Singapore.\n\nThe packaging is effectively sorted and sent to a recycler by the public waste collectors.\n- The packaging does not represent significant challenges for its recycling.\n\nSee 6.5.2 for more details on the recyclability of packaging.\n\nUpon verification, the brand owner can make use of the relevant labels to highlight the recyclability or non-recyclability of packaging.\n\n# 7.6.3 Design and content of the recycling label\n\nThe mobius loop is an internationally accepted and recognised symbol that denotes \u201crecyclability\u201d. Figure 5 shows examples of the mobius loop.\n\nFigure 5 \u2013 Examples of the mobius loop 4\n\n3 Reproduced with permission from About Logo for Products with Reduced Packaging (LPRP), Singapore Manufacturing Federation Packaging Partnership Programme, https://packaging-partnership.org.sg/logo-products-reduced-packaging-lprp/about-logo-products-reduced-packaging-lprp\n\n4 Reproduced with permission from ISO 14021:2017, Copyright \u00a9 2017, International Organization for Standardization, www.iso.org\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nA variation of the mobius loop which denotes \u201crecycled content\u201d has been suggested in other references. Due to the low level of recognition of this variation, this TR recommend to use an explanatory statement to clarify the meaning of the symbol.\n\nIdeally, a recycling evaluation is to be conducted on the whole packaging either for combined disposal or for each separable part that makes up the packaging, depending on the recycling technology available. Different recycling labels may be required for each separable part. At a minimum, companies should clearly label which part of the packaging is recyclable and which is not recyclable. Ideally, consumers should be educated about \u201crecycling right\u201d, i.e., practise \u201csource separation\u201d including putting different parts of a packaging into different waste streams (e.g. separating the plastic handles from paper bags and disposing of them separately).\n\n# Material identification codes\n\nArticle 8 of the European Union Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive 94/62/EC defines the marking and identification of packaging materials to facilitate the collection, re-use, recovery and recycling of packaging. Identifications codes, ranging from resin types, to wood, paper, textiles and metals are included. The application of these codes is voluntary.\n\nThese material identification codes are separate and distinct from the mobius loop. For examples, the SPI (Society of the Plastic Industry) resin identification code (RIC) is strictly intended to identify the resin used to make the plastic container for manufacturing and reprocessing purposes. This code does not indicate recyclability and should not be intended to be used as a consumer communication tool.\n\nGiven the similarity between the SPI RIC and the mobius loop, the SPI RIC should be used in ways that avoid implied recyclability claims. Recyclability or other environmental claims in close proximity should be avoided. To help ensure better differentiation between these two logos, be sure to use the latest designs as shown below.\n\n|Resin identification number|Resin|Resin identification code \u2013 Option A|Resin identification code \u2013 Option B|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|1|Poly (ethylene terephthalate)|1|01|\n|2|High density polyethylene|2|02|\n|3|Poly (vinyl chloride)|3|03|\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|Resin identification number|Resin|Resin identification code \u2013 Option A|Resin identification code \u2013 Option B|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|4|Low density polyethylene|4|04|\n|5|Polyethylene|5|05|\n|6|Polystyrene|6|06|\n|7|Other resins|7|07|\n\nFigure 6 \u2013 Resin identification codes\n\nThe design of the SPI and other material codes conform to the standards set by ASTM D7611.\n\nUltimately, the choice of the recycling labelling used by companies should be based on the level of recognition by local consumers.\n\n5 Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM D7611/D7611M-21 Standard Practice for Coding Plastic Manufactured Articles for Resin Identification, copyright ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be obtained from ASTM International, www.astm.org.\n\n43\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n# Annex A (informative)\n\nCollection for re-use or recycling\n\nA.1 Companies can opt to collect their packaging for re-use or recycling.\n\nA.2 Under an extended producer responsibility (EPR) scheme, companies are physically and/or financially responsible for the management of the product packaging at the EOL. Examples of EPR schemes include the return of deposit value on beverage containers or mandatory take-back of packaging from retailers.\n\nNOTE \u2013 In Singapore, there are plans for an EPR for packaging waste management to be implemented, starting with a beverage container return scheme.\n\nA.3 Packaging take-back schemes can be led by an individual company or by a group of companies or business associations.\n\nA.4 There are various reasons why some companies take on such packaging take-back arrangements voluntarily which includes the following:\n\n- Take-back of reusable packaging component for reuse in the production and sale of products e.g. beverage or beauty product bottles.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 97302, "end_char_idx": 106860, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b312cb3a-b226-43d6-9a00-987b4917f87a": {"__data__": {"id_": "b312cb3a-b226-43d6-9a00-987b4917f87a", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "40c2bc74012c28aa217214a704c97906a758bb2481b72f00da656663af80b47f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a33461ae-75ff-4532-ab83-b37457d63c18", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "08a1b79804c7798243b7b7719a8a7b46494eefab528ca2932ff1d6136add808e", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ea95dcf1-784d-4893-b424-6bca00bd8d9f", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5a1a00977dd512466307d13be113407d84dfcd1c178ee0e18ad088cdc37f111d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "beverage or beauty product bottles. Some companies recapture the value of their containers by reusing them after collection and cleaning.\n- Improved brand sentiment associated with being an environmentally responsible organisation collecting recyclables they put to market making recycling easy for their customers and building brand loyalty.\n- Better control over the treatment of post-consumer packaging materials hence strengthening the local recycling ecosystem.\n\nA.5 There are different types of collection schemes to facilitate the recovery of product packaging for re-use or recycling:\n\n- Collection upon delivery\n\nUpon delivery, the courier or delivery company unboxes or hands the goods to the consumer and takes back, all packaging materials (returnable or not). The packaging materials are aggregated in a facility. From there, packaging materials are collected for recycling by a waste collector or for re-use by the company.\n\nExamples of such operations include the following:\n\n- Delivery of large machinery: As an added-value service, the delivery company may collect the packaging waste and hand it over to a recycler.\n- Delivery of garment: If a retailer has its own delivery service, it can offer customers the option of trying on the garment immediately upon delivery and return it on the spot if not suitable (avoiding a future pick up from the household).\n\n44 COPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nCollection after delivery by pick up\n\nIt is usually applicable to reusable packaging (but not necessarily) where a logistic company comes back to the original delivery address to pick up packaging materials for re-use or recycling.\n\nExamples of such operations include:\n\n- Delivery of B2B or B2C products where products are delivered on a frequent basis, the recipient can store emptied packaging and return them to the logistic company at the next delivery. This can also be applied to food products such as used coffee capsules.\n\nMailing of packaging to a specific address (usually applicable for consumer product packaging)\n\nConsumers may post empty or reusable packaging to a specific address where it is collected for re-use or recycling.\n\nDropping off at specific locations (usually applicable for consumer product packaging)\n\nCompanies may offer consumers to return empty containers or used packaging at specific locations (such as retail store, reverse vending machines, drop off boxes, etc.).\n\n# Each collection schemes listed above will require planning involving:\n\n- collection workflow;\n- engagements with recipients and end-users, as well as logistics partners;\n- resources (assets, infrastructures, space availability, manpower and costs).\n\n# For each collection scheme, companies should ensure that:\n\n- their packaging is either correctly reusable (refer to 6.3), or recyclable (refer to 6.5 and 6.6) according to local conditions;\n- they implement suitable procedures and communication with relevant stakeholders to facilitate the collection of packaging materials (guidelines for developing a collection scheme are provided in 6.5.1.2);\n- they work with companies that can re-use or recycle packaging materials; and\n- they have a sufficient level of oversight of the operations of their collection mechanism and/or logistics partners.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n# Bibliography\n\n|AS 4736-2006|Biodegradable plastics \u2013 Biodegradable plastics suitable for composting and other microbial treatment|\n|---|---|\n|AS 5810-2010|Biodegradable plastics \u2013 Biodegradable plastics suitable for home composting|\n|ASTM D7611/D7611M-21|Standard practice for coding plastic manufactured articles for resin identification|\n|EN 13432:2000|Packaging \u2013 Requirements for packaging recoverable through composting and biodegradation \u2013 Test scheme and evaluation criteria for the final acceptance of packaging|\n|EN 14995|Plastics \u2013 Evaluation of compostability \u2013 Test scheme and specifications|\n|ISO 18601:2013|Packaging and the environment \u2013 General requirements for the use of ISO standards in the field of packaging and the environment|\n|ISO 18602:2013|Packaging and the environment \u2013 Optimization of the packaging system|\n|ISO 18603:2013|Packaging and the environment \u2013 Re-use|\n|ISO 18604:2013|Packaging and the environment \u2013 Material recycling|\n|ISO 18605:2013|Packaging and the environment \u2013 Energy recovery|\n|ISO 18606:2013|Packaging and the environment \u2013 Organic recycling|\n|SS ISO 14020:2017|Environmental labels and declarations \u2013 General principles|\n|SS ISO 14021:2017|Environmental labels and declarations \u2013 Self declared environmental claims (Type II environmental labelling|\n|SS ISO 14040:2017|Environmental management \u2013 Life cycle assessment \u2013 Principles and framework|\n|SS ISO 14044:2022|Environmental Management \u2013 Life cycle assessment \u2013 Requirement and guidelines|\n\n# Publications\n\nA Global Language for Packaging and Sustainability, A Framework and a Measurement System for our Industry, published by Consumer Goods Forum, in June 2010\nAbout Logo for Products wip Reduced Packaging, published in 2017 under pe Packaging Partnership Programme\nAlternative Materials Tool, initiative by World Wide Fund for Nature, 2020\nCanadian Standards Association \u201cEnvironmental Claims: A Guide for Industry and Advertisers\u201d, June 2008\nDelivering on Circularity, Feasibility Study for Reusable E-Commerce Packaging in Singapore, published in November 2021 by WWF Singapore\nDesign Guidelines for Sustainable Packaging, published in December 2006 by GreenBlue\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nDesign Smart Material Guide, No 7, Glass Packaging, published by Australian Packaging Covenant Organisation, in 2014\n\nFood Contact Materials by European Food Safety Agency (EFSA)\n\nGuidance on application of the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive\n\nGuidelines for Providing Product Sustainability Information, published in 2017 under the United Nations Environment Programme\n\nList of Items that are Recyclable and Not, published by National Environmental Agency\n\nNational Recycling Programme, published by National Environmental Agency\n\nPaper and Board Packaging Recyclability Guidelines, published in February 2019 by UK Confederation of Paper Industries\n\nPackaging Partnership Programme, 3R Guidebook for Packaging, A Guide to Help You Develop and Implement Packaging 3R Plans and Initiatives, published in September 2021\n\nPolyethylene Terephthalate (PET): A Comprehensive Review, by Omnexus\n\nRecyclability of Plastic Packaging, published in February 2019 by Cotrep\n\nSaving Energy in Packaging, published in 1991 by British Food Journal, Vol. 93 No. 3, pp. 19-22.\n\nSubmissions on Post-Consumer Recycled (PCR) Plastics for Food-Contact Articles, US Food & Drugs Administration (FDA)\n\nSustainable Packaging Coalition, \u201cEnvironmental Technical Briefs of Common Packaging Materials: Fiber-Based Materials\u201d, 2009\n\nSustainable Packaging Guidelines, Version 3, published in October 2020 by Australian Packaging Covenant Organisation\n\nToward Sustainable Express Deliveries for Online Shopping: Reusing Packaging Materials Through Reverse Logistics, Lai, Kuah, A. T. H., Kim, C. H., & Wong, K. H., published in 2022 by Thunderbird International Business Review\n\nTreatment Provider Scheme \u2013 Requirements for the Treatment Providers, edition 3 published in 2016 by National Park Board\n\nUK DEFRA Guidance \u2013 Make a Green Claim, December 2016\n\nGuide for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims (\u201cGreen Guides\u201d), 2012 by US Federal Trade Commission\n\nWeight Benchmarks for Common Consumer Product Packaging in Singapore, published in January 2020 by National Environment Agency\n\nWhat Is Packaging\u2019s Carbon Footprint? Discover How to Reduce It, published on 23 Mar 2021 by Essentra Packaging\n\nZero Waste Masterplan, published in 2019 by Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources\n\n47\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nRegulations/Acts\nAustralia ACCC Green Marketing and pe Australian Consumer Law, 2011\nEU Compliance Criteria on Environmental Claims (Outcome of Multi-stakeholder Advice to Support pe Implementation/Application of pe Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005/29/EC)\nEuropean Commission Unfair Treatment: Policy Information\nEuropean Commission Single Market for Green Products Initiative\nISPM 15 Regulation of Wood Packaging Material in International Trade\nSingapore\u2019s Resource Sustainability Act 2019\n\nNOTE \u2013 The regulations and acts listed above are not exhaustive. Users of the TR will need to check with the relevant regulatory bodies on the latest regulatory and statutory requirements.\n\n48\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|To|Enterprise Singapore|\n|---|---|\n|E-mail|standards@enterprisesg.gov.sg|\n\n# Feedback Form\n\n|Type of comment|Clause/Subclause/Table/Figure|Proposed changes|Reasons for the changes|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|(GE \u2013 General; TE \u2013 Technical; ED \u2013 Editorial)|(e.g. 4.1, Table 2)|(Exact wording of recommended changes should be given.)| |\n\nSubmitted by:\n\n|Full Name| |\n|---|---|\n|Designation| |\n|Company| |\n|Company address| |\n|Contact no.| |\n|E-mail| |\n|Date of submission|_____________________________|\n\n49\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\n# TR 109:2023\n\n# SINGAPORE STANDARDS COUNCIL\n\nThe Singapore Standards Council (SSC) facilitates the development, promotion and review of Standards and Technical References in Singapore. This work is done through partnerships with the industry, academia and government organisations, under the national standardisation programme overseen by Enterprise Singapore.\n\nVisit www.go.gov.sg/ssc for more information.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 106825, "end_char_idx": 116442, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ea95dcf1-784d-4893-b424-6bca00bd8d9f": {"__data__": {"id_": "ea95dcf1-784d-4893-b424-6bca00bd8d9f", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "40c2bc74012c28aa217214a704c97906a758bb2481b72f00da656663af80b47f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "b312cb3a-b226-43d6-9a00-987b4917f87a", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}, "hash": "3817f3a4e1773f5010318e959d35bc9f47d840c3dd79cf941ff2aeb4123b8d11", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "This work is done through partnerships with the industry, academia and government organisations, under the national standardisation programme overseen by Enterprise Singapore.\n\nVisit www.go.gov.sg/ssc for more information.\n\n# ENTERPRISE SINGAPORE\n\nEnterprise Singapore is the government agency championing enterprise development. We work with committed companies to build capabilities, innovate and internationalise.\n\nWe also support the growth of Singapore as a hub for global trading and startups, and build trust in Singapore\u2019s products and services through quality and standards.\n\nVisit www.enterprisesg.gov.sg for more information.\n\n# SINGAPORE STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL REFERENCES\n\nSingapore Standards (SSs) and Technical References (TRs) are in the form of specifications for materials, products, services and systems, codes of practice, requirements for interoperability, methods of test, management systems, guidelines, nomenclatures, etc.\n\nTRs are pre-SSs developed to address urgent industry demand and are issued for industry trials over a period of time. Comments received during this trial period are considered when a TR is reviewed. TRs can become SSs after the trial period, continue as TRs for further industry trials or be withdrawn.\n\nTo ensure adequate viewpoints are considered in the development and review of SSs and TRs, committees and working groups set up by the Standards Council consist of representatives from various key stakeholders which include industry associations, professional bodies, academia, government agencies and companies. SSs are also put up for public comment before publication.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n# Acknowledgements\n\nThe content of this Technical Reference was approved on 15 May 2023 by the Environment and Resources Standards Committee (ERSC) under the purview of the Singapore Standards Council.\n\nFirst published, 2023\n\n|Name|Representation|\n|---|---|\n|Chair|Mr Wim Roels - Individual Capacity|\n|Deputy Chair|Mr Dalson Chung - National Environment Agency|\n|Advisor|Prof Reginald Tan - Individual Capacity|\n|Secretary|Ms Elane Ng - Standards Development Organisation @ Singapore Chemical Industry Council|\n|Members|Dr Adil Dhalla - Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute|\n| |Dr Chiam Sing Yang - Agency for Science, Technology and Research|\n| |Assoc Prof Winston Chow - Singapore Management University|\n| |Mr Foo Cexiang - Ministry of Transport|\n| |Mr Michael Ho - Waste Management and Recycling Association of Singapore|\n| |Ms Jayati Shukla - Surbana Jurong|\n| |Ms Kavita Gandhi - Sustainable Energy Association of Singapore|\n| |Mr Terence Koh - Singapore Chemical Industry Council|\n| |Mr Lim Yeow Keong - Sembcorp Utilities|\n| |Mr Jasbir Nanda - Unilever Asia Ltd|\n| |Dr Pang Chee Meng - PUB, Singapore\u2019s National Water Agency|\n| |Dr Thomas Reindl - Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore|\n| |Mr Steve Seah - SP Group|\n| |Ms Yvonne Soh - Singapore Green Building Council|\n| |Mr Tan Li Khiam - ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Pte Ltd|\n| |Ms Jen Teo - Singapore Environment Council|\n| |Mr Toh Eng Shyan - Building and Construction Authority|\n| |Ms Rose Tong - Singapore Retailers Association|\n| |Mr Wang Weixiang - Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment|\n| |Mr Simon Yeo - Ernst and Young LLP|\n| |Mr Yeoh Choon Jin - Enterprise Singapore|\n|Co-opted Member|Asst. Prof Paul Liu Wen - Individual Capacity|\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|Name|Representation|\n|---|---|\n|Chair|Mr Dalson Chung - Individual Capacity|\n|Deputy Chair|Ms Melissa Tan - Individual Capacity|\n|Secretary|Mr Samuel Yeo - Standards Development Organisation @ Singapore Chemical Industry Council|\n|Members|Mr Marc Allen - Individual Capacity|\n| |Ms Chan Vun Ching - Building and Construction Authority|\n| |Mr Thomas Chhoa - Alliance to End Plastic Waste|\n| |Ms Mia Sara Choo - A*Star, Urban Green Tech Horizontal Technology Programme Office|\n| |Mr Paul Fong - Singapore Chemical Industry Council|\n| |Mr Colin Goh - National Environment Agency|\n| |Mr Jidesh Kambil - Singapore Green Building Council|\n| |Dr Adrian Kuah - Individual Capacity|\n| |Mr Walter Leong - Singapore Environment Council|\n| |Asst Prof Grzegorz Lisak - Nanyang Technological University, Singapore|\n| |Ms Jade Loh - Plaspulp Union Pte Ltd|\n| |Mr Jasbir Nanda - Unilever Asia Ltd|\n| |Mr Ong Chong Ren - National Parks Board|\n| |Prof Seeram Ramakrishna - National University of Singapore|\n| |Mr Matt Stanelos - Individual Capacity|\n| |Mr Sean Tay - Zenith Engineering|\n| |Mr Teoh Soon Kay* - National Environment Agency|\n| |Mr Venkatesha Murthy - Vans Chemistry Pte Ltd|\n| |Mr William Wong^ - Singapore Environment Council|\n\n* Participated until October 2022\n\n^ Participated until September 2022\n\n# The Technical Committee set up the Working Group on Sustainable Packaging to prepare this document. The Working Group consists of the following experts who contributed in their individual capacity:\n\n|Name|\n|---|\n|Convenor|Ms Allison Lim|\n|Secretaries|Ms Lorelle Ang|\n| |Ms Wendy Chai|\n| |Ms Valerie Tan|\n|Members|Mr Amirul Adli Bin Zulkifli|\n| |Mr Remi Cesaro|\n| |Ms Michelle Cheng+|\n| |Ms Phyllis Chua|\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n# Members:\n\nMr Simon Eng\nMr Gaurav Gupta*\nMs Anne Ho\nMr Joerg Kullwitz\nMr Gideon Lam\nMs Michelle Lee\nMs Su Anne Lee^\nMr Lim Kai Kiong\nMr Nadeen Musawwir\nMr Neo Puay Keong Marcus\nMr Jovan Tan\nMs Terrynz Tan\nMs Samanpa Thian\nDr Zhang Dan Qing\n\n* Participated until February 2022\n\n^ Participated until January 2022\n\n+ Participated until November 2022\n\n# Organisations:\n\n- Alba W&H Smart City Pte Ltd\n- Alliance to End Plastic Waste\n- Borouge Pte Ltd\n- Dell Global B.V. (Singapore)\n- Havi Global Solutions\n- Johnson and Johnson Pte Ltd\n- Lazada Singapore Pte Ltd\n- Miraclon Singapore Limited\n- National Environment Agency\n- Novartis Singapore Pte Ltd\n- Omni-Plus System Pte Ltd\n- Procter & Gamble Singapore\n- Shalom Movers Pte Ltd\n- Singapore Environment Council\n- Singapore Manufacturing Federation (Packaging Partnership Programme)\n- Singapore Post Ltd\n- Tetra Pak South East Asia Pte Ltd\n- TRIA Pte Ltd\n- T\u00dcV S\u00dcD Asia Pacific Pte Ltd\n- Zero Waste City\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore Single user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nThe Singapore Standards Council facilitates the development, promotion and review of standards for enterprise growth under the national standardisation programme overseen by Enterprise Singapore.\n\nwww.enterprisesg.gov.sg/standards", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 116220, "end_char_idx": 122707, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6b42afc7-4181-4785-ab43-f4bb09fc9bb9": {"__data__": {"id_": "6b42afc7-4181-4785-ab43-f4bb09fc9bb9", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "8a4e7d42-38a8-4768-9fef-8e8f663ffe28", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf"}, "hash": "2a7975ca950e5d6bc9352ac773cd5017bf60034f5f28c64b1e9d656242f569fd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "801568cd-3b2b-4108-922b-caea0ed2d363", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "daa729f199a274ace4d805318128c3667979850d2c1b69de4892935fd9e08bcc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "| |PAPER|GLASS|PLASTIC|METAL|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|RECYCLABLES ONLY| | | | |\n|RECYCLABLES ONLY| | | | |\n\nReport on MSE Transparent Recycling Bin Pilots\n\nPrepared by Zero Waste SG\n\nWith inputs from MSE\n\n6 April 2023\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Zero Waste SG 2023\n---\n# Contents\n\nBackground .............................................................................................................. 3\n\nMethodology ............................................................................................................. 4\n\nFindings on contamination rate found in bins....................................................... 6\n\nFindings from residents\u2019 survey ........................................................................... 11\n\nRecommendations ................................................................................................. 13\n\nAnnex A: Photos of common contaminants collected by Chye Thiam ........ 14\n\nAnnex B: Analysis of recycling contaminants ................................................. 16\n\nAnnex D: Caveats and Qualifications ................................................................ 18\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Zero Waste SG 2023\n---\n# Background\n\n1. Under the Singapore Green Plan 2030, Singapore has set targets to achieve a national recycling rate of 70% by 2030, which is supported by targets to increase the domestic recycling rate to 30% by 2030 and the non-domestic recycling rate to 81% by 2030.\n\n2. Singapore\u2019s domestic recycling rate1 currently stands at 13% (2021)2. Recyclables collected under the National Recycling Programme are also subject to recycling bin contamination, which was found to be around 40%3 in 2019.\n\n3. Based on one of the recommendations arising from #RecycleRight Citizens\u2019 Workgroup4 in 2019, MSE adapted and piloted new transparent recycling bin designs at selected blocks in Hong Kah North Single Member Constituency and East Coast Group Representative Constituency between 14 Nov 2021 to 9 Jan 2022. The pilots assess if adding a transparent feature or introducing segregation could encourage better recycling behavior and reduce recycling bin contamination5.\n\n4. Zero Waste SG partnered MSE for the management of these \u201cTransparent Recycling Bin pilots\u201d. This report contains Zero Waste SG\u2019s analysis and recommendations on the pilots.\n\n1 The domestic recycling rate comprises recyclables collected from the National Recycling Programme (NRP) and recyclables from the informal recycling sector (e.g. karang guni) Waste Recycling Statistics and Overall Recycling, https://www.nea.gov.sg/our-services/waste-management/waste-statistics-and-overall-recycling\n\n2 Three in Five Households Recycled Regularly In 2021, https://www.nea.gov.sg/media/news/news/index/three-in-five-households-recycled-regularly-in-2021-singaporeans-are-encouraged-to-recycle-more-and-recycle-right\n\n3 In September 2019, MSE convened a #RecycleRight Citizens\u2019 Workgroup, where 48 Singaporeans met over four days to work together with MSE to co-create solutions to improve the way households recycle (i.e. to reduce contamination and encourage households to recycle more. One of the teams from the Workgroup came up with a proposal to improve the design of current recycling bins. Transparent recycling bins pilot to nudge positive recycling behavior, NEA, https://www.mse.gov.sg/resource-room/category/2021-11-14-media-release-on-transparent-recycling-bins-pilot/\n---\n# Methodology\n\n|CONTROL BINS|RECYCLABLES ONLY|No Food No Liquids|\n|---|---|---|\n|Regular Recycling Bin (Bin 4)|Mega Bin (Bin 5)| |\n|3 Bedok South Avenue 1|441C Bukit Batok Avenue 8| |\n\n|EXPERIMENT BIN|\n|---|\n|RECYCLABLES ONLY|No Food: No Liquids|\n|Retrofitted bin with transparent feature (Bin 2)|\n|29 Upper Changi Road and 440B Bukit Batok West Avenue 8|\n\nNote: Only replaced Control Bins from week 2 onwards. The first week collection was used to establish a baseline for this pilot.\n---\n# Pilot B\n\n2. The objective of this pilot was to test the effectiveness of having separate housing for glass, paper, metal, and plastic in reducing recycling contamination. Both control and experiment bins were transparent, and had an educational display on the top of the bins to show what could not be recycled.\n\n3. Pilot B\u2019s bins were placed near the Resident Committee (RC) Centres where there was more footfall. As the bins were smaller, they were meant to supplement (but not replace) the existing blue recycling bin of the block. The pilot was conducted over eight weeks. The types of bins involved are shown in the pictures below.\n\n|CONTROL BIN|RECYCLABLES ONLY|\n|---|---|\n|RECYCLABLES ONLY|Xoe|\n|RECYCLABLES ONLY|RECYCLABLES ONLY|\n|RECYCLABLES ONLY|Educational display on top of the bin|\n\nNewly fabricated comingled transparent bin (Bin 1)\n369 Bukit Batok Street 31, 37 Bedok South Avenue 2\n\n|EXPERIMENT BIN|\n|---|\n|PAPER|GLASS|PLASTIC|METAL|\n|Educational display on top of the bin|\n|NO|food|\n|Contains attract /|wi|\n\nNewly fabricated segregated transparent bins with four compartments for glass, paper, metal, and plastic (Bin 3)\n343 Bukit Batok Street 34, 33 Bedok South Avenue 2\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Zero Waste SG 2023\n---\n# The findings contained in this report drew from two sources:\n\na. Contamination rates found in bins\n\nMSE appointed Chye Thiam Maintenance, a company which provides recycling services, to:\n\n- i. Collect items found in the bins \u2013 This was done three times a week for pilot A, and once a week for pilot B. Collection was done manually, without a recycling truck.\n- ii. Sort items based on whether they were recyclable, and further by type of material (i.e., glass, metal, plastic, paper, others, electronics, reusables)\n- iii. Weigh each category and establish a contamination rate. Recycling contamination rates were derived by dividing the weight of contaminants by the total weight of items collected.\n\nb. Residents\u2019 survey\n\nA survey was co-created by Zero Waste SG and MSE to obtain feedback on the bins from residents living in blocks where control or experiment bins were placed. Zero Waste SG recruited volunteers to conduct the household surveys over two weekends in January 2022.\n\n# Findings on contamination rate found in bins\n\n1. The findings on recycling contamination rates were inconclusive. Both pilots, which were both done at two locations, saw differing trends in contamination rates at each location.\n\n# Contamination rates\n\n2. For Pilot A, the retrofitted transparent bin at Bedok saw higher contamination rates than the Control bin (see figure 1). This was the opposite at Bukit Batok (see figure 2), where the contamination rates for the retrofitted transparent bin showed signs of tailing off towards the later weeks.\n\n6 Contaminants refer to items which should not be placed in the blue recycling bins under the National Recycling Programme. Examples of this include food or liquids, bottles or containers with food or liquid remnants, diapers, laminated paper, textiles, electronic appliances, ceramics. Please see Annex A for pictures of some recycling contaminants found during the pilots.\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Zero Waste SG 2023\n---\n| |1_1|1_2|1_3|2_1|2_2|2_3|3_1|3_2|3_3|4_1|4_2|4_3|5_1|5_2|5_3|6_1|6_2|6_3|7_1|7_2|7_3|8_1|8_2|8_3|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Bedok Control (Bin 4)| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n|Bedok Retrofitted Transparent (Bin 2)| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n\nFigure 1.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 7446, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "801568cd-3b2b-4108-922b-caea0ed2d363": {"__data__": {"id_": "801568cd-3b2b-4108-922b-caea0ed2d363", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "8a4e7d42-38a8-4768-9fef-8e8f663ffe28", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf"}, "hash": "2a7975ca950e5d6bc9352ac773cd5017bf60034f5f28c64b1e9d656242f569fd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6b42afc7-4181-4785-ab43-f4bb09fc9bb9", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf"}, "hash": "77bbefcea922c987170bda592c0ec77a89c8ad5196614ebd1a558b93d22c099a", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "ee453ad7-30b5-464d-ad07-535141acfab7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "cb35c8f1778d594feb8c4eb25576d1c21a5b7ade0c1a483e761cd5f48b56e98d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Recycling contamination rates for Pilot A, Bedok\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Zero Waste SG 2023\n---\n| |Contamination Rate for Pilot A (Bukit Batok)|\n|---|---|\n|0.7|\n|Baseline Phase \u2192|Treatment Phase\u2192 (retrofitted transparent bin introduced at treatment site)|\n|0.6|\n|Control: increasing contamination|\n|0.5|\n|0.4|\n|0.3|\n|0.2|\n|Contamination rate (1=100%)|\n|0.1|\n|Retrofitted: decreasing contamination|\n|0|\n|1_1 1_2 1_3 2_1 2_2 2_3 3_1 3_2 3_3 4_1 4_2 4_3 5_1 5_2 5_3 6_1 6_2 6_3 7_1 7_2 7_3 8_1 8_2 8_3|\n|Week_Reading number|\n|Bukit Batok Control (Bin 5)|Bukit Batok Retrofitted Transparent (Bin 2)|\n| |Figure 2. Recycling contamination rates for pilot A, Bukit Batok|\n| |\u00a9 Copyright Zero Waste SG 2023|\n---\n# Contamination Rate for Pilot B (Bedok)\n\n| |0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Contamination Rate (1=100%)|0.05| | | | | | | | |\n|0.35| | | | | | | | | |\n|0.3| | | | | | | | | |\n|0.25| | | | | | | | | |\n|0.2| | | | | | | | | |\n|0.15| | | | | | | | | |\n|0.1| | | | | | | | | |\n\nBedok Comingled Transparent (Bin 1)\n\nBedok Segregated Transparent (Bin 3)\n\nFigure 3. Recycling contamination rates for Pilot B, Bedok\n\n# Contamination Rate for Pilot B (Bukit Batok)\n\n| |1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Contamination Rate (1=100%)|0| | | | | | | |\n|0.600| | | | | | | | |\n|0.500| | | | | | | | |\n|0.400| | | | | | | | |\n|0.300| | | | | | | | |\n|0.200| | | | | | | | |\n|0.100| | | | | | | | |\n|0.000| | | | | | | | |\n\nBukit Batok Comingled Transparent (Bin 1)\n\nBukit Batok Segregated Transparent (Bin 3)\n\nFigure 4. Recycling contamination rates for Pilot B, Bukit Batok\n---\n| |PILOT A|PILOT B|\n|---|---|---|\n|Control Bin (Bin 4/5)|Retrofitted transparent bin (Bin 2)|Comingled transparent bin (Bin 1)|Segregated transparent bin (Bin 3)|\n|Bedok|15.22%|48.89%|11.01%|14.57%|\n|Bukit Batok|14.94%|13.03%|16.05%|8.21%|\n\nTable 1. Average contamination per collection. For Bin 2, the average is over the last 7 weeks when bins were introduced.\n\nCommon contaminants\n\n1. Across the bins, the most common contaminants (by weight) were:\n\nReusables (clothing, shoes, pillows, soft toys, toys etc)\n2. Electrical appliances (household electrical appliances / electronics, computers and accessories, lamps, light bulbs, fluorescent tubes)\n3. Others (disposable diapers, sanitary pads, tissue paper and mixed waste)\n\nHowever, this may not be indicative of whether they were most common in terms of quantity, as these categories of items are generally heavier when compared to lighter contaminants (such as plastic or paper).\nPlease see Annex B for the breakdown of contaminants by category.\n\n1 This figure is an outlier compared to the other contamination rates. But even discounting this data point, the findings were deemed to be inconclusive based on the week-on-week data fluctuations in figure 1.\n\nThere was one exception seen in Pilot A\u2019s control bins (regular recycling bins), where there was a significant amount of contaminated plastic found in Week 4.\n\nMixed waste in this report\u2019s context refers to items made of several materials and are not easily separatable.\n---\n# Findings from residents\u2019 survey\n\nResidents\u2019 preference\n\n1. Majority of residents (71%) surveyed said they preferred to use the segregated transparent bins, i.e., bin 3. They appreciated the educational display and the ability to see what was inside the bins.\n\n**Which bin do you prefer to use to recycle your items? (total number residents surveyed =343)**\n| |71.1%|\n|---|---|\n|Mega Bin i.e. Bin 5|22.7%|\n|Normal blue bin i.e. Bin 4|20.1%|\n|Segregated transparent bin i.e. Bin 3|17.2%|\n|Retrofitted transparent bin i.e. Bin 2|9.0%|\n|Comingled transparent bin i.e. Bin 1| |\n\nFigure 5. % Residents voting for each bin design. Residents were allowed more than 1 vote.\n\n1. However, residents living in the blocks with the segregated transparent bin also raised some practical constraints of such a design \u2013 namely the smaller container size for each material type which would result in the bin filling up very quickly. Please see table 2 for overall verbatim feedback from residents on the bins.\n\nGood because it's easier to clearly see where people prow. More accountability. It's easy to correct people when pey prow wrongly\nI pink it\u2019s better for pe elderly, cos pey cannot see cannot read. And sometimes in a hurry, pictures speaks louder pan words\nI pink it's good. I am an environmental engineer anyway so for me it's good. We try to avoid plastic regardless of pe bin. The old bins people didn't know what to dispose. This one is good because it displays what we can dispose and pey can see prough transparency. Pictures are better pan words to say what can be recycled. The transparency and visuals are most important.\n\n4 Not all of those surveyed had used the bins. For those who did not use the bins, pictures of all bins were shown to aid them in answering the survey question.\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Zero Waste SG 2023\n---\nIt\u2019s very good, clear on what can put inside or more. And the condition inside. I rarely use the blue bins because I don\u2019t what\u2019s inside. Better than the original... Helps to separate everything in their own, people don\u2019t anyhow throw. Would prefer segregate to segregate the materials and its easier for the collectors as well. To me there\u2019s no difference. I think segregation helps, regarding what can be recycled and what\u2019s not. But it won\u2019t change the mindset much. A bit small but transparent is good\n\n# Practical constraints of the segregated transparent bin (Bin 3)\n\nToo small for household recycling. Passer by drinking a can drink ok la\u2026 It has to be bigger. Too narrow. I prefer the usual recycling bins. Too small. Gets full easily and it is a deterrence for me to use it after that. Pls place more of this bins or make it better. \u2026I\u2019ve been recycling for 20 years but this bin is way too small. I collect items and recycle once a week. So the items is a large amount of items (2 bags). Can\u2019t put inside the new bins. Capacity is too small. Good to have different columns so that people know what can be recycled. There's not enough being done on what can be recycled and what can't.\n\nResident\u2019s knowledge of common contaminants\nWhen quizzed on what can be placed in pe blue recycling bins, most residents were familiar wip pe four main categories of recyclables (i.e., paper, glass, metal plastic). However, a proportion of residents had wrongly categorised pe following items as recyclable:\na. Textiles and cloping (35.40%)\nb. Tissues (22.26%)\nc. Styrofoam (18.61%)\nd. Bulky items (10.95%)\ne. Food-stained items (6.20%)\n\nPlease see Annex C for the breakdown of responses.\n---\n# Recommendations\n\n1. Based on the contamination rates, the findings on the effect of having transparent or segregated bins on recycling contamination were inconclusive as there were no consistent positive or negative trends.\n\n2. If the pilot is to be revisited in the future, the design of the pilot and/or bin should explore or address the following:\n\n- a. Residents gave feedback that the bin was small and could become full too quickly (especially for Bin 3).", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 7447, "end_char_idx": 14520, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "ee453ad7-30b5-464d-ad07-535141acfab7": {"__data__": {"id_": "ee453ad7-30b5-464d-ad07-535141acfab7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "8a4e7d42-38a8-4768-9fef-8e8f663ffe28", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf"}, "hash": "2a7975ca950e5d6bc9352ac773cd5017bf60034f5f28c64b1e9d656242f569fd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "801568cd-3b2b-4108-922b-caea0ed2d363", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf"}, "hash": "e82bb7e094b3c96aa264664619ca4af940638e2bd3c0a777e91cbfe70d5a8def", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Some possible solutions are to increase the bin\u2019s clearance frequency, or to make standalone larger bins for individual materials. However, these changes must be complemented with education to avoid a higher amount of contaminants being collected\n- b. The display feature used in pilot B was welcome by residents. There may be room to use this to address commonly mistaken items, e.g., clothing, toys, mugs.\n- c. The pilot could be run at more locations to allow a larger sample size, but each location\u2019s context (e.g. population) needs to be taken into consideration\n\n3. We recommend that any island-wide change should consider the costs and benefits involved. For example:\n\n- a. Using the comingled, transparent bin (Bin 1) or the segregated transparent bin (Bin 3) would require manual collection, which takes more time. This may not be scalable.\n- b. Not all residents preferred the newer bins. About one-third of the residents surveyed indicated they preferred the existing bin designs (i.e., Mega bin or regular blue bins) \u2013 see figure 5.\n\n4. We believe that the high recycling contamination rates in some of the readings and pilot locales could be due to misconceptions over what can be placed in the blue bins. Hence, more focus should be placed on effective and clear public education. For example, by:\n\n- a. Targeting specific items though public education efforts, i.e., educate public on commonly mistaken items such as textiles and clothing; tissue5; styrofoam; and bulky items.\n- b. Consider leveraging educational displays as it was well received by residents.\n\n5. For tissue paper, there may be a need to emphasise that both clean and dirty tissues should not be put into the blue bins.\n---\n# Annex A: Photos of common contaminants collected by Chye Thiam\n\nNote: The list of photos shown here is not exhaustive.\n\n|Picture 1. Paper recyclables contaminated with food or liquids, 19 Nov 2021 at Bedok South Ave 1.|Picture 2. Diapers, 29 Nov 2021 at 441C Bt Batok Ave 8.|\n|---|---|\n|Picture 3. Styrofoam, 6 Dec 2021 at 29 Upper Changi Rd.|Picture 4. Textiles, 29 Dec 2021 at 37 Bedok South Ave 2.|\n|Picture 5. Mixed waste, 15 Dec 2021, 343 Bt Batok St 34.|Picture 6. Glass contaminated with food, 15 Dec 2021 at 369 Bt Batok St 31.|\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Zero Waste SG 2023\n---\n|Picture 7.Ceramics, 8 Dec 2021, 33 Bedok South Ave 2.|Picture 8. Composite packaging, 13 Dec 2021, 440B Bt Batok West Ave 8.|\n|---|---|\n|934|469|\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Zero Waste SG 2023\n---\n# Annex B: Analysis of recycling contaminants\n\n| |Proportion of recyclable vs contaminants|\n|---|---|\n| |(by weight)|\n| |26.6%|\n| |73.4%|\n|Recyclable|Contaminants|\n\nFigure 6. Proportion by weight of contaminants out of total deposits collected across all bins\n\n|Breakdown of Contaminants by Category|\n|---|\n|35|32.5%|\n|30|25.8%|\n|25|\n|20|18%|\n|15|14.7%|\n|Percentage (%)|\n|10|\n|5|4.2%|1%|2.2%|1.7%|\n|0|\n\nFigure 7. Breakdown of contaminants collected across all bins, by item type\n\nThe \u2018others\u2019 category refers to items such as disposable diapers, sanitary pads, tissue paper and mixed waste. Mixed waste in this report\u2019s context refers to items made of several materials and are not easily separatable.\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Zero Waste SG 2023\n---\n| |Plastic|Paper|Metal|Glass|Textiles|Tissue|Styrofoam|Bulky items|Food stained item|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Items which are recyclable in blue bins|90.15%|88.32%|81.75%|70.80%|35.40%|22.26%|18.61%|10.95%|6.20%|\n\nFigure 8. Responses from residents who use the bins / chute to recycle\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Zero Waste SG 2023\n---\n# Annex D: Caveats and Qualifications\n\n1. We would like to note the following factors and observations which may have influenced the data collected and conclusions drawn in the previous segment:\n\n- a. Pilot A\u2019s Control bins for the two locations were different. Bedok had the regular 660L recycling bins (Bin 4), while Bukit Batok had Mega Bins (Bin 5).\n- b. Placement of bins under blocks differed based on the block\u2019s layout. For example, some of the 660L bins had to be placed near busy walkways.\n- c. MSE did not require Chye Thiam to submit data for items that were not placed inside the bin (i.e. placed adjacent to the bins).\n- d. In general, the age profile of Bukit Batok residents seemed to be younger than that in Bedok.\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Zero Waste SG 2023\n---\n# zero LEADING\n\nwaste SG THE DRIVE TOWARDS ZERO WASTE\n\nPrepared by Zero Waste SG With inputs from MSE\n\n19\n\u00a9 Copyright Zero Waste SG 2023", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 14521, "end_char_idx": 18968, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "efce897c-19f3-48e3-a3ef-297ad13637df": {"__data__": {"id_": "efce897c-19f3-48e3-a3ef-297ad13637df", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/white-paper-paper-bottles.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/white-paper-paper-bottles.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "809e521c-f244-48da-a773-a6403280dff4", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/white-paper-paper-bottles.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/white-paper-paper-bottles.pdf"}, "hash": "fd66523234af7df4f4968f3c5c3e032ef81e391cdf208113e9038442eda17671", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "04b694ab-5732-4a0f-8720-2936bf2007b0", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "211042d1e05731c22b5ecaac579d0b056e823234f129234fafa79b2f73b45f93", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "# May 2023 | WHITE PAPER\n\n|12|12|\n|---|\n|Adez|Carlsberg|\n|Paper bottles: Pulp Fiction or a liquid packaging revolution?|Paper bottles: Pulp Fiction or a liquid packaging revolution?|\n|BMITHERB|BMITHERB|\n---\n# What does the future hold for the paper bottle?\n\nThis white paper provides insight on the following topics:\n\n# 1. The Market Dynamics\n\n|i.|Opportunities in the market|\n|---|---|\n|ii.|Case studies on the key market stakeholders|\n|iii.|Overview of ownership & investments (incl M&A)|\n\n# 2. Sustainability\n\n|i.|Assessing the elements of the paper bottle lifecycle|\n|---|---|\n|ii.|Pros & cons of paper bottles (vs glass & PET)|\n\n# 3. Technical Analysis\n\n|i.|Analysis of existing constructions and raw materials|\n|---|---|\n|ii.|Assessment of existing/future barriers (coatings) & closures|\n| |i. Latest developments in materials|\n|iii.|What technical challenges still exist?|\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\n# Market Opportunity\n\nThe current market for fibre-based bottles remains small, although huge growth potential exists. The market is being led by European brand owners.\n\nIs there room for a fibre-based bottle?\n\n- Paper bottles are suitable for several end-use applications, with the drinks and personal care/cosmetics industries being the main targets\n- The global drinks and cosmetics industries are projected to reach a combined value of $210bn by 2026 ($169bn & $41bn respectively)\n- Smithers forecasts glass jars and bottles to reach approximately $40bn by 2026, while plastic bottles are expected to reach $133bn by 2026.\n\nA shift in perception?\n\n- Previously, molded fibre/pulp packaging types products have occupied low value end use markets (e.g., egg cartons)\n- However, there appears to be a shift in public perception. Many high-profile brands especially in the cosmetics industry (e.g. L'Or\u00e9al) are trialing molded fibre packaging for their cosmetic products.\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\n|ROME|WHEN|frugalpac|D|PAPER|@rlsberg|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Who is already involved?|eco-mate|BoTTLE|ABSOLUT:|DIAGEO|CoMPANY|\n|mentos|Cullen|EcO FRIENDLY PACKAGING|GREENLAND|PulPac|PA|\n|CLAND|FELARD|RUSSIA|AVFLA|CANADA|Market|\n|lenor|POLAND|UKRAINE|AZAKHSTAN|FRANCE|MONGOLIA|\n|UNITED STATES|SPAIN|TURKIYE|IRAN|CHINA|JAPAN|\n|IRAQ|JORocco|ALGERIA|LIBYA|EGYPT|PAKISTAN|\n|Mexico|SAUDI ARABIA|INDIA|MALRITAMIA|PHILIPPINES| |\n|CUBA|MALI|NIGER|CHAD|SUDAN| |\n|VENEZUELA|NIGERIA|ETHIOPIA|SOMALIA| | |\n|PERU|BRAZIL|DR CONGO|UKENYA| |Activity|\n|BOLIVIA| | | | | |\n|CHILE| | | | | |\n|ARGENTINA|URUGUAY| | | | |\n|GLATFELTER| | | | | |\n|GOCCIF| | | | | |\n|NEW ZEALAND| | | | | |\n---\n# Sustainability \u2013 claims being made\n\nWhy choose fibre based?\n\nSeveral claims have already been made in the market\n\nCarbon impact in production\nA recycled paperboard bottle (wip no chemicals added) has a six times lower impact pan a glass bottle\nA 33% reduction versus a bottle made from 100% recycled PET\n\nWater footprint\nAt least four times lower pan glass\nNo claims yet made versus plastic\n\nRaw materials & End of life solutions\nMolded fibre shells can be made from pe pulp of recovered paper/board, from virgin fibre pulp or from fast-growing alternative fibres\nPaper bottles are easily recyclable, alpough separation of pe food grade plastic liner (if used) is required\n\nSupply chain impacts\n\n- French start-up Le Petit Baroudeur reports its concept \u2013 a molded fibre shell around a flexible plastic core \u2013 provides a solution that is 8x lighter than glass and requires 50% less protective materials in shipping.\n\nThese are all claims made by Frugal\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\n# Key stakeholders \u2013 the big players\n\nPaboco (Paper Bottle Company)\n\n- Recyclable as paper packaging\n- 85% paper & 15% HDPE barrier\n- Durable and splash resistant paper\n- Responsible paper sources \u2013 FSC\u00ae certified\n- Unique haptic and shelf impact from paper bottle surface look and feel - engaging the consumer from first touch\n- Available in 500ml and 330ml\n- Cosmetics, home care and still drinks are the key initial markets\n- A paper closure is the latest product development\n- Enhance with decoration, embossing and debossing\n\n1 Paboco is a 50/50 partnership between Billerud & ALPLA\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\n# Case Study\n\nCarlsberg leading the way with Paboco\n\nJune 2022 \u2013 the largest pilot to date, Carlsberg Group revealed the trial of its new Fibre Bottle, putting the bio-based and fully recyclable beer bottle into the hands of consumers for the first time.\n\n- The pilot, which is vital to accelerating Carlsberg\u2019s ambition of making the beer bottle a commercial reality, saw 8,000 Fibre Bottles being sampled in eight Western European markets: Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, United Kingdom, Poland, Germany, and France.\n- Testing at this scale gave Carlsberg the opportunity to gather feedback on people\u2019s experiences of the product, which will inform the next generation of design.\n- The new Fibre Bottle leverages the potential of PEF.\n\nA significant milestone for the Fibre Bottle is its plant-based PEF polymer lining, which has been developed by Carlsberg\u2019s partner Avantium, a leading expert in renewable chemistry. PEF is made entirely from natural raw materials, is compatible with plastic recycling systems, and can degrade into nature should it end up outside national recycling systems.\n\nBeyond its sustainable packaging benefits, PEF functions as a highly effective barrier between the beer and the fibre outer shell, protecting the taste and fizziness of the beer better than conventional fossil-fuel-based PET plastic.\n\nThe outer shell of the bottle, produced by the packaging company Paboco, consists of sustainably-sourced wood fibre and is also bio-based. This shell has the added benefit of insulative properties which can help keep beer colder for longer, compared to cans or glass bottles.\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\n# Pulpex\n\nAn R&D collaboration between Diageo and Pilot Lite \"a product by industry, for industry\"\n\nKey stakeholders \u2013 pe big players\nPulpex has several high profile Corporate & Technical Partners\n\n|DIAGEO|PEFC|\n|---|---|\n|Unilever|Pefciig J}2359|\n|PEPSICO|Promolng|\n|ESTEE LAUDER|Kraft Heinz|\n|HALEON|Castrol|\n|storaenso|Solenis|\n\n1 Makers of Johnnie Walker, Smirnoff and Guinness, 2 A Venture Management company\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\n# Key stakeholders \u2013 the start ups\n\nSUPA - Eco-mate\nThe UK-based firm\u2019s range of cleaning products are pe world\u2019s first liquids in 100% plastic- and metal-free paper bottles.\n\nEco-mate has developed a plant-based coating pat protects pe inside of pe bottle. The natural coating prevents pe paper bottle from coming into contact wip pe liquids. Coating is made from 100% plant-based materials, plant sap latex and bio matter.\nThe paper fibres are embedded wip a natural seaweed extract to give water resistance, but still allow for recycling. Paper is typically more widely recycled pan plastic, it biodegrades naturally and doesn\u2019t create micro plastics pat harm pe environment.\nThe main bottle is made from recyclable paper and pe natural inner coating simply breaks away during pe recycling process.\n\u201cEco-mate is safe in pe knowledge pat if pe empty bottles find peir way into landfill or pe ocean pey will biodegrade quickly and pere will be no micro plastics left behind.\u201d\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\nKey stakeholders \u2013 the start ups\n\n|Construction|The bottle is formed by pulp being molded into two halves, coated with a waterproofing solution and glued together using a hot press.|\n|---|---|\n|Materials|Wooden cork and paper seal, to make the bottle 100% eco-friendly.|\n|The coating|Using a proprietary waterproofing solution, Kagzi coats the inner layers to create an oxygen barrier that allows oxygen transmission. This layer is 100% compostable and disintegrates into the soil in a few months.|\n|The outer layer|Made from wastepaper pulp. (Shelf life claimed: 6 months.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 7973, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "04b694ab-5732-4a0f-8720-2936bf2007b0": {"__data__": {"id_": "04b694ab-5732-4a0f-8720-2936bf2007b0", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/white-paper-paper-bottles.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/white-paper-paper-bottles.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "809e521c-f244-48da-a773-a6403280dff4", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/white-paper-paper-bottles.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/white-paper-paper-bottles.pdf"}, "hash": "fd66523234af7df4f4968f3c5c3e032ef81e391cdf208113e9038442eda17671", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "efce897c-19f3-48e3-a3ef-297ad13637df", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/white-paper-paper-bottles.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/white-paper-paper-bottles.pdf"}, "hash": "af7d6e62fc58e56a5fe23310717989f120f8c82ea8b6fdb3c2a08597517c4fb6", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "This layer is 100% compostable and disintegrates into the soil in a few months.|\n|The outer layer|Made from wastepaper pulp. (Shelf life claimed: 6 months.)|\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\nOwnership Changes\n\nHP acquired Choose Packaging (Feb 2022)\n\n- HP acquired Choose Packaging, a packaging development company and inventor of the only commercially available zero-plastic paper bottle in the world\n- Choose\u2019s patented technology provides an alternative to plastic bottles and can hold a wide variety of liquid products.\n- The acquisition followed HP\u2019s 3D printing-enabled Molded Fiber Tooling Solution designed to bring customizable, fibre-based products to market faster and more affordably\n- Choose Packaging clients include:\n- Accolade Wines (over 50 brands including Hardys, Banrock Station, and Grant Burge) available in >130 countries)\n- Henkel \u2013 consumer goods including home care products\n- Pernot Ricard - Malibu Rum, one of the strategic international brands in Pernod Ricard\u2019s global portfolio.\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\n# Technology developments\n\nMarket developments\n\nThe paper bottle industry is dynamic and constantly responding to the challenges thrown its way, specifically addressing issues regarding closures and inner liners.\n\n# PEF\n\n- PEF is a mono-material plastic made entirely from renewable raw materials. PEF can retain carbon dioxide better pan conventional PET.\n- This mono-material can be fully recycled in existing mechanical recycling facilities and can be distinguished from oper plastics in pe recycling stream. PEF does not contaminate in a way pat renders pem non-recyclable.\n- Additionally PEF has a higher mechanical strengp pan conventional plastics, enabling pinner packaging and pereby reducing pe amount of material required.\n\nPEF in the market\n\n- Carlsberg and Avantium have reached an agreement to take pe next steps in pe commercialization of PEF. Carlsberg has secured a fixed volume of PEF from Avantium\u2019s flagship plant (currently under construction in Neperlands), starting in 2024.\n- Carlsberg has opted for pis strategy for pe sustainability benefits but also functionality; PEF has superior barrier properties, protecting pe taste and fizz of beer, which leads to longer shelf life.\n\n# Caps and closures\n\n- Several companies are now investigating pe potential of molded fibre bottle caps. Pulpac has already developed molded fibre closures for core board tubes, allowing for a fully fibre-based, easier to recycle solution for mail orders of products like posters.\n- For smaller, mass-market packaging pe main challenge is making pe molding of a bottle cap precise enough to include pe preading for a closure pat matches contemporary plastics.\n- Blue Ocean Closures has achieved pis wip a fully bio-based molded fibre screw cap pat features a top-seal barrier layer pat can be biodegradable or adapted to any type of filled goods. The Swedish company is now working wip Paboco and will begin sales fitted to its bottles in 2023.\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\n# Challenges and unanswered questions\n\nTechnical analysis\n47\"\nLZO\n\u20ac10\nRASPBERRI\nABSOLUI\nVS\nUce\nAbSOLUT MIXt\nFunctionality\n75\n375 mi\nHow quickly can paper bottles be filled? How quickly can paper bottles be formed?\n\n# Costs\n\nPaper currently requires several times more mass to fulfil the same function as plastic. Packaging papers also typically have a $0.1\u20130.2 cents price premium over plastics.\n\n# Transparency\n\nContradiction of EU Reuse proposal. Difficulty creating paper bottles that are reusable. Still within a linear economy model.\n\n# Supply shortages\n\nEnergy intensive Plastic &lt; Paper &lt; Glass\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\nEarly market observations\n\nWhilst it appears that paper bottles are being positioned as offering carbon benefits (vs other materials), and easy recyclability, the topics of scalability and cost still remain significant barriers to overcome.\n\nSmipers anticipate pe global drinks and global cosmetics industries to grow beyond $200bn collectively by 2026. Negative sentiment towards plastic is growing wip consumers and pe regulatory environment, in Europe in particular, is tightening. This presents an opportunity for paper bottles.\nMany global brand owners have set strong environmental targets in reaction to pe UN Sustainability Development Goals. As a result of pis, brands are seeking viable alternatives to single use plastics. The target for pe paper bottle of pe future is to be completely plastic free (pulp + bio-barrier) which is why pis new innovation is generating so much excitement.\nThe evolutionary development of pe paper bottle is being accelerated by significant investment & extensive R&D work. Technologies using PEF (plant-based coatings) are providing solutions to pe sceptics who questioned earlier molded bottle constructions (particularly pose wip blown film liners).\nScalability still presents a large challenge for pe paper bottle industry. Many market leaders already have filling and packaging systems in place for pe already well functioning plastic and glass markets. The speed and efficiency of packing and filling is one challenge pat needs to be met before paper bottles can gain a significant foopold in pe market.\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\n# What this means for your business\n\nIf you are looking to\nDiversify into pe paper bottle market\nUnderstand pe benefits of paper vs alternatives\nMonitor pe regulatory framework\nCapitalize on upcoming technologies entering pe market\n\n# How Smithers can help\n\n- Smithers is the worldwide authority on the packaging, paper and print supply chains.\n- Our market research brings together a global network of industry experts and extensive knowledge to provide businesses with the information they need for essential strategic planning.\n- Our in-house analysts have extensive market sizing and strategic consultancy experience that has generated hundreds of assignments and solutions spread across the entire packaging value chain.\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\nMulti-client study: paper bottles\n\nSmithers is creating a multi-client study researching the topic of paper bottles, an area attracting a lot of interest from brand owners and consumers alike. This multi-client study will further investigate key packaging industry drivers and assess the market opportunity for paper bottles in various end use markets: food and drink, cosmetics, homecare, and even automotive lubricants.\n\nSmithers\u2019 new study will quantify the market (volume and value) and will predict growth over the next five years based on a combination of extensive primary research, proprietary data, and economic forecasts. The study will also outline the competitive landscape, the regulatory environment, and provide an overview of technology developments and scenarios.\n\nFor more information, contact Bill Allen:\n\nballen@smithers.com\n\n+44 (0) 1372 802086\n\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\nUnanswered questions? Please contact our consulting team \u2013 Tom Hallam\n\nTom is a packaging fanatic with 23 years\u2019 industry experience. Initially working in the consumer products sector with Reckitt, Tom has spent the last 17 years in the paper and packaging industries working for market leading multi-national companies, including UPM, DS Smith and Billerud as well as running his own independent sustainable packaging consultancy for four years.\n\nTom\u2019s experience is wide ranging, from consumer and market insight, mergers & acquisitions and brand owner management to product development and sustainability.\n\nRecently Tom hosted and presented on two international webinars focused on the circular economy and innovations in packaging. In 2022 Tom presented as part of Esko\u2019s Sustainability in Packaging series of webinars and at Smithers\u2019 E-Pack event in the US. Added to this Tom has prior experience of managing multi-market consultancy projects focused on packaging strategy & roadmap development for branded consumer goods.\n\nTom was awarded the \u201cThink New\u201d award by Billerud in December 2017, for his work leading a team that developed two new paper grades, and innovative bag designs, which helped break the market for paper-based e-commerce mailing bags.\n\n+44(0)7708874482\nthallam@smithers.com\n\u00a9 Copyright Smithers Information Ltd 2023\n---\n# FIND OUT MORE\n\nARE YOU LOOKING FOR CUSTOMIZED RESEARCH? HAVE A QUESTION? GET IN TOUCH\n\n|Smithers\u2019 packaging market reports| | |\n|---|---|---|\n|Smithers Consultancy offers insight and information in packaging, paper and print, and the rubber, plastics, pigments and biomaterials industries.| | |\n|Recent sustainable packaging reports include:| | |\n|The Future of Fibre-based Packaging to 2027| | |\n|The Future of Sustainable Packaging: Long Term Strategic Forecasts to 2032| | |\n|The Future of PCR Packaging to 2026| | |\n\nWhether you are looking to grow your business, launch new products or looking to move into new and emerging markets, Smithers Consultancy can provide you with the credible, robust market data and forecasts to support your business strategies.\n\n|Europe| | |\n|---|---|---|\n|Bill Allen | ballen@smithers.com|+44 (0) 1372 802086| |\n|Americas| | |\n|Sean Walsh | swalsh@smithers.com|+1 330 762 7441 ext. 1134| |\n|Asia| | |\n|Ciaran Little | clittle@smithers.com|+44 (0) 1372 802079| |\n\n# FIND OUT MORE & DOWNLOAD BROCHURES\n\nWebsite: www.smithers.com\n\nLinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/smithers", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 7818, "end_char_idx": 17278, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "b9d65d34-dba7-403f-b8dc-31251745e9e1": {"__data__": {"id_": "b9d65d34-dba7-403f-b8dc-31251745e9e1", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/2023-SICC-Awards-Nomination-Form_ToBeSubmittedv2.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/2023-SICC-Awards-Nomination-Form_ToBeSubmittedv2.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "ee236a94-b745-4e5e-822a-3aea84859e2d", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/2023-SICC-Awards-Nomination-Form_ToBeSubmittedv2.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/2023-SICC-Awards-Nomination-Form_ToBeSubmittedv2.pdf"}, "hash": "b0e0cef3611112c4d2ea8aeb740019bf78c2941bd20847a12181c09e0b01a698", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "|SICC AWARDS 2023|Celebrating Innovation Collaborative|\n|---|---|\n|NOMINATION FORM| |\n---\n# SICCAWARDS 2023 Collaboration Details\n\n|Project Title:|(Max 80 characters)|\n|---|---|\n|Company 1*:| |\n|Contact Person:|(Salutation + Full Name)|\n|Designation:| |\n|Email:| |\n|Contact Number:| |\n|Company 2*:| |\n|Contact Person:|(Salutation + Full Name)|\n|Designation:| |\n|Email:| |\n|Contact Number:| |\n|Company 3* (if any):| |\n|Contact Person:|(Salutation + Full Name)|\n|Designation:| |\n|Email:| |\n|Contact Number:| |\n\nPage 2 of 11\n---\nPlease indicate the company name you would like us to feature on the event marketing platforms and at the awards ceremony.\n\nIf your nomination includes more than two companies, kindly fill in the third company\u2019s details and contact person under \u2018Company 3\u2019.\n\nCompany Profile of Company 1 (80-100 words)\n---\n# Company Profile of Company 2 (80-100 words)\n\n# Company Profile of Company 3, if any (80-100 words)\n\nPage 4 of 11\n---\n# Brief Description of the Collaboration/Project (80-100 words)\n\nSelect pe award category/categories you are submitting for (Max 2 categories)\nBest Technological Collaboration\nMost Scalable Collaboration\nMost Sustainable Collaboration\nMost Transformational Collaboration\n\nPage 5 of 11\n---\nQuestionnaire\nImportant Note: Please keep your answers to each question to a maximum of 200 words.\n1. What was pe nature of pe collaboration and why was pere a need for it?\n2. What was pe agreed action plan and what were pe key deliverables?\nPage 6 of 11\n---\n# 3. What barriers did you encounter in executing your action plan and how did you overcome them?\n\n# 4. What improvement in productivity did your company achieve as a result of the collaboration?\n\nPage 7 of 11\n---\n# 5. What were the other key benefits of the collaboration for your company and the people involved in executing the action plan?\n\n# 6. What were the key lessons you learnt by being involved in this collaboration?\n\nPage 8 of 11\n---\n7. Are the lessons you learnt also applicable to other teams in your company or to other companies/sectors? If yes, please give details to support your answer. If not, why not?\n\n8. Why do you think you should win this award?\n\nPage 9 of 11\n---\n# Quotes for Potential Media Coverage\n\nThe information provided below may be used by SICC\u2019s PR partner as part of media coverage.\n\n1. Was this the first time your company embarked on such a collaboration?\n2. What are some of the positive outcomes and challenges of your collaboration?\n3. Was the outcome an expected one? What are the key takeaways for your company because of your collaboration?\n4. Would you advise other companies to participate in the SICC Awards and why?\n\nIf the above responses be used, please advise which representative in the company we may attribute the quotes to:\n\n|Name:|(Salutation + Full Name)|\n|---|---|\n|Company:| |\n|Designation:| |\n\nPage 10 of 11\n---\nSubmission\n\nPlease email the completed application form* to awards@sicc.com.sg by 9 June 2023 together with the following:\n\n- Company logos of all collaborators*\n- High resolution images and/or videos relevant to the nomination**\n\n*Logo Requirements:\nFile format: jpg as well as working (ai or eps)\n\n**Image and Photo Requirements:\nPixels should not be less than 800 pixels in width and height or more than 3000 pixels in width and height\nFile format: jpg, png or tiff\n\n**Video Requirements\nPixels: 1280 by 720 or 1920x1080\nCodec: H.264\nFile format: mp4\n\nThe nominee grants SICC permission to showcase materials from their submission to the media and on our marketing platforms, at the awards ceremony and at any time deemed appropriate.\n\nPage 11 of 11", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 3624, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "84f1380e-6ee2-434a-b5d4-ec5d5b0c8b2c": {"__data__": {"id_": "84f1380e-6ee2-434a-b5d4-ec5d5b0c8b2c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/KFC TRIA Yara - World\u2019s First Circular System for Food Packaging and Food Waste (1 Aug 2023).pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/KFC TRIA Yara - World\u2019s First Circular System for Food Packaging and Food Waste (1 Aug 2023).pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "0179a61b-8917-4e8b-a7c9-3921eae2616a", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/KFC TRIA Yara - World\u2019s First Circular System for Food Packaging and Food Waste (1 Aug 2023).pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/KFC TRIA Yara - World\u2019s First Circular System for Food Packaging and Food Waste (1 Aug 2023).pdf"}, "hash": "1d473e5b4d87b8c483914216a3fba414428f4aae4451de1826109af456ec1243", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "|KFC|JARA|\n|---|---|\n|World's First Circular System for Food Packaging & Food Waste| |\n|JU 2023| |\n|KFC | TRIA | YARA| |\n---\n| |2%%6|\n|---|---|\n|JUL2023|KFC | TRIA | YARA|\n---\nGlobally, 350 million tonnes of food waste is generated a year from post-consumption food service, with accompanying packaging waste adding another 150 million tonnes of waste a year, ending up at the landfill or incineration. The problem is significant.\n\nJUL2023                                         KFC | TRIA | YARA\n---\n| | |\n|---|---|\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n| | |\n\nAny Lited succes5 50far stmply dmert the commorclal value wlth recycling andNproven waste from bctneratbn&d bandii valorleatlon\n---\nJUL2023  KFC | TRIA | YARA\n---\nLet 5 go\n---\nJUL2023\nKFC\nTRIA\nYARA\n---\nKFC\nTRIA\nYARA\n---\n\n\n---\n| | |\n|---|---|\n| | |\n|TRIA|KFC|TRIA|YARA|\n---\nKFC\nTRIA\nYARA\n---\n|NATURE|NATURE|\n|---|---|\n|KFC|TRIA|YARA|\n---\n\n\n---\nKFC\nTRIA\nYARA\n---\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n\n\n\u2022\n---\n          Thankvoul\nFor enquttes please contadhollootasouttons", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 984, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "45048ae2-7b7c-4bbe-8d2c-0e03d62560ed": {"__data__": {"id_": "45048ae2-7b7c-4bbe-8d2c-0e03d62560ed", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/TRIA_KFC_YARA SICC Award Nomination Form.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/TRIA_KFC_YARA SICC Award Nomination Form.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "4417dfb7-cf42-46a0-aaf4-47e21865c19b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/TRIA_KFC_YARA SICC Award Nomination Form.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/TRIA_KFC_YARA SICC Award Nomination Form.pdf"}, "hash": "706c450109a147663799bd2723e027b01ce92be1aab8ae011a6657e0d1c148a2", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "|SICC AWARDS 2023|Celebrating Innovation Collaborative|\n|---|---|\n|NOMINATION FORM| |\n---\n# SICCAWARDS 2023 Collaboration Details\n\n|Project Title:|(Max 80 characters)|\n|---|---|\n|Company 1*:| |\n|Contact Person:|(Salutation + Full Name)|\n|Designation:| |\n|Email:| |\n|Contact Number:| |\n|Company 2*:| |\n|Contact Person:|(Salutation + Full Name)|\n|Designation:| |\n|Email:| |\n|Contact Number:| |\n|Company 3* (if any):| |\n|Contact Person:|(Salutation + Full Name)|\n|Designation:| |\n|Email:| |\n|Contact Number:| |\n\nPage 2 of 11\n---\nPlease indicate the company name you would like us to feature on the event marketing platforms and at the awards ceremony.\n\nIf your nomination includes more than two companies, kindly fill in the third company\u2019s details and contact person under \u2018Company 3\u2019.\n\nCompany Profile of Company 1 (80-100 words)\n---\n# Company Profile of Company 2 (80-100 words)\n\n# Company Profile of Company 3, if any (80-100 words)\n\nPage 4 of 11\n---\n# Brief Description of the Collaboration/Project (80-100 words)\n\nSelect pe award category/categories you are submitting for (Max 2 categories)\nBest Technological Collaboration\nMost Scalable Collaboration\nMost Sustainable Collaboration\nMost Transformational Collaboration\n\nPage 5 of 11\n---\nQuestionnaire\nImportant Note: Please keep your answers to each question to a maximum of 200 words.\n1. What was pe nature of pe collaboration and why was pere a need for it?\n2. What was pe agreed action plan and what were pe key deliverables?\nPage 6 of 11\n---\n# 3. What barriers did you encounter in executing your action plan and how did you overcome them?\n\n# 4. What improvement in productivity did your company achieve as a result of the collaboration?\n\nPage 7 of 11\n---\n# 5. What were the other key benefits of the collaboration for your company and the people involved in executing the action plan?\n\n# 6. What were the key lessons you learnt by being involved in this collaboration?\n\nPage 8 of 11\n---\n7. Are the lessons you learnt also applicable to other teams in your company or to other companies/sectors? If yes, please give details to support your answer. If not, why not?\n\n8. Why do you think you should win this award?\n\nPage 9 of 11\n---\n# Quotes for Potential Media Coverage\n\nThe information provided below may be used by SICC\u2019s PR partner as part of media coverage.\n\n1. Was this the first time your company embarked on such a collaboration?\n2. What are some of the positive outcomes and challenges of your collaboration?\n3. Was the outcome an expected one? What are the key takeaways for your company because of your collaboration?\n4. Would you advise other companies to participate in the SICC Awards and why?\n\nIf the above responses be used, please advise which representative in the company we may attribute the quotes to:\n\n|Name:|(Salutation + Full Name)|\n|---|---|\n|Company:| |\n|Designation:| |\n\nPage 10 of 11\n---\nSubmission\n\nPlease email the completed application form* to awards@sicc.com.sg by 9 June 2023 together with the following:\n\n- Company logos of all collaborators*\n- High resolution images and/or videos relevant to the nomination**\n\n*Logo Requirements:\nFile format: jpg as well as working (ai or eps)\n\n**Image and Photo Requirements:\nPixels should not be less than 800 pixels in width and height or more than 3000 pixels in width and height\nFile format: jpg, png or tiff\n\n**Video Requirements\nPixels: 1280 by 720 or 1920x1080\nCodec: H.264\nFile format: mp4\n\nThe nominee grants SICC permission to showcase materials from their submission to the media and on our marketing platforms, at the awards ceremony and at any time deemed appropriate.\n\nPage 11 of 11", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 3624, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "63ca5478-034b-437f-939f-4c04fb174cb7": {"__data__": {"id_": "63ca5478-034b-437f-939f-4c04fb174cb7", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "4a9991eb8d45cd741990aebb6830d764f91e40c512de977e4b156e32ad2981c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "dc30fdd2-978c-492a-b9c0-ffbbedb755bc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d86847379cb9274fd5b09937cfb8013830d6fa7dd282d9b7f8926b07be1cb044", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Licensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\n|(ICS 13.020.20; 55.040)|TR 109:2023|\n|---|---|\n|TECHNICAL REFERENCE|Sustainable packaging guiding framework and practices|\n|Standards|Council|\n---\n# Licensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\n\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n(ICS 13.020.20; 55.040)\n\n# TECHNICAL REFERENCE\n\nSustainable packaging guiding framework and practices\n\nPublished by Enterprise Singapore\n\nAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilming, without permission in writing from Enterprise Singapore. Request for permission can be sent to: standards@enterprisesg.gov.sg.\n\n\u00a9 Enterprise Singapore 2023\n\nISBN 978-981-5118-73-5\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|Contents|Page|\n|---|---|\n|Foreword|3|\n|1 Scope|5|\n|2 Normative references|5|\n|3 Terms and definitions|5|\n|4 General packaging guidelines|9|\n|5 Principals of developing sustainable packaging|11|\n|6 Environmental design requirements|13|\n|7 Environmental claims|37|\n\nAnnex A Collection for re-use or recycling (informative) 44\n\nTable 1 Availability of recycling options for materials collected in Singapore (as of January 2023) 30\n\nFigures\n\n1. Waste management hierarchy 11\n2. Conceptual illustration of the environmental and financial cost impact of insufficient and excessive packaging 14\n3. A chart on bio-based materials 26\n4. Logo for product with reduced packaging (LPRP) 41\n5. Examples of the Mobius Loop 41\n6. Resin identification code 43\n\nBibliography 46\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\n# TR 109:2023\n\nForeword\n\nThis Technical Reference (TR) was prepared by the Working Group on sustainable packaging set up by the Technical Committee on Circularity of materials under the purview of the Environment and Resources Standards Committee.\n\nThis TR provides a guiding framework for companies to adopt more sustainable packaging-related practices such as reduction, collection for re-use and/or recycling, use of recycled content in packaging material and improved recyclability of packaging in line with the objective of the Mandatory Packaging Reporting (MPR) requirements. Under the MPR scheme, producers of packaged products such as brand owners, manufacturers and importers, as well as retailers (e.g. supermarkets), submit packaging data and 3R plans annually. The 3R plans that companies submit include details on the key initiatives, key performance indicators (KPIs) and targets.\n\nThere is currently no chemical recycling facility in Singapore for plastics. As of the writing of this TR, a solution is currently being studied by the local environmental agency and industry partners.\n\nThis TR is a provisional standard made available for application over a period of three years. The aim is to use the experience gained to update the TR so that it can be adopted as a Singapore Standard. Users of the TR are invited to provide feedback on its technical content, clarity and ease of use. Feedback can be submitted using the form provided in the TR. At the end of the three years, the TR will be reviewed, taking into account any feedback or other considerations, to further its development into a Singapore Standard if found suitable.\n\nIt is presupposed that in the course of their work, users will comply with all relevant regulatory and statutory requirements. Some examples of relevant regulations and acts are listed in the Bibliography. The Singapore Standards Council and Enterprise Singapore shall not be responsible for identifying all of such legal obligations.\n\nIn preparing this TR, reference was made to the following publications:\n\n1. ASTM D7611/D7611-21 Standard practice for coding plastic manufactured articles for resin identification\n2. ISO 6707-1:2020 Buildings and civil engineering works \u2013 Vocabulary \u2013 Part 1: General terms\n3. ISO 115270:2008 Plastics \u2013 Guidelines for pe recovery and recycling of plastics wastes\n4. ISO 14021:2017 Environmental labels and declarations \u2013 Self declared environmental claims\n5. ISO 17088:2021 Plastics \u2013 Organic recycling \u2013 Specifications for compostable plastics\n6. ISO 21067-1:2016 Packaging \u2013 Vocabulary \u2013 Part 1: General terms\n7. Packaging Partnership Programme 3R Guidebook for Packaging, A Guide to Help You Develop and Implement Packaging 3R Plans and Initiatives\n8. A Global Language for Packaging and Sustainability, A Framework and a Measurement System for Our Industry, June 2010\n\nPermission has also been obtained from the following organisations for the reproduction of materials from their publications into this standard:\n\n1. American Society for Testing and Materials\n2. Consumer Goods Forum\n3. International Organization for Standardization\n4. National Environment Agency\n5. Singapore Manufacturing Federation (Packaging Partnership Programme)\n\nAcknowledgement is made for the use of information from the above publications.\n\nAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this TR may be the subject of patent rights. Enterprise Singapore shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all of such patent rights.\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore Single user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\nNOTE\n\n1. Singapore Standards (SSs) and Technical References (TRs) are reviewed periodically to keep abreast of technical changes, technological developments and industry practices. The changes are documented through the issue of either amendments or revisions. Where SSs are deemed to be stable, i.e. no foreseeable changes in them, they will be classified as \u201cmature standards\u201d. Mature standards will not be subject to further review unless there are requests to review such standards.\n2. An SS or TR is voluntary in nature except when it is made mandatory by a regulatory authority. It can also be cited in contracts making its application a business necessity. Users are advised to assess and determine whether the SS or TR is suitable for their intended use or purpose. If required, they should refer to the relevant professionals or experts for advice on the use of the document. Enterprise Singapore and the Singapore Standards Council shall not be liable for any damages whether directly or indirectly suffered by anyone or any organisation as a result of the use of any SS or TR. Although care has been taken to draft this standard, users are also advised to ensure that they apply the information after due diligence.\n3. Compliance with a SS or TR does not exempt users from any legal obligations.\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nSustainable packaging guiding framework and practices\n\n# 1 Scope\n\nThis Technical Reference (TR) specifies guidelines, criteria and best practices for implementing the 3R (Reduce, Re-use, Recycle) for business-to-business and business-to-consumer packaging, taking into consideration practices that are sustainable in Singapore\u2019s context. It covers the life cycle of packaging, starting from upstream packaging design to downstream end-of-life management that are applicable across industries. This TR also covers relevant case studies and references such as communication with consumers on proper management of packaging at disposal.\n\nWhile adopting the recommendations of this TR is voluntary, provisions have been made to cover all consumer and business packaging, including secondary and tertiary packaging, but excludes primary packaging that comes into contact with medicines.\n\n# 2 Normative references\n\nThere are no normative references in this TR.\n\n# 3 Terms and definitions\n\nFor the purpose of this TR, the following terms and definitions apply.\n\n3.1 Alternate natural fibres\n\nNatural fibres extracted from biomass other than trees such as bamboo, bagasse, wheat, or cassava lisad.\n\n3.2 Bio-based\n\nA material that stems, in whole or in significant part, from biomass. Sources of biomass can include plant, animal and marine materials such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, recycled food waste, etc.\n\n3.3 Bioplastic\n\nA plastic (see 3.18) manufactured with bio-based material. Bioplastic stems partially or wholly from biomass.\n\n3.4 Biodegradable material\n\nA material capable of being broken down by microorganisms.\n\n3.5 Chemical recycling\n\nConversion to monomer or production of new raw materials by changing the chemical structure of plastics waste through cracking, gasification or depolymerisation, excluding energy recovery and incineration.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 0, "end_char_idx": 9016, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "dc30fdd2-978c-492a-b9c0-ffbbedb755bc": {"__data__": {"id_": "dc30fdd2-978c-492a-b9c0-ffbbedb755bc", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "4a9991eb8d45cd741990aebb6830d764f91e40c512de977e4b156e32ad2981c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "63ca5478-034b-437f-939f-4c04fb174cb7", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "50294acab711cd55b0a973b5da835b580a04f17b7ab6d0e3c9a9ed8ecc430365", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "46ceae09-a108-4415-970a-58eabe1c6e65", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1702ca57e39d8afe077519b3e61780b17db336efe161983e2cf124bddee2c93d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "3.5 Chemical recycling\n\nConversion to monomer or production of new raw materials by changing the chemical structure of plastics waste through cracking, gasification or depolymerisation, excluding energy recovery and incineration.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|3.6 Composites|Multi-material items whereby different types of raw materials are processed together to form a type of packaging for its specific use.|\n|---|---|\n|3.7 Compostable|A material that undergoes degradation by biological process during composting to yield carbon dioxide (CO2), water, inorganic compounds and biomass at a rate consistent with other known compostable materials and leave no visible, distinguishable or toxic residue.|\n|3.8 Elemental chlorine free (ECF)|A packaging material produced with pulp that has been bleached using a chlorine derivative such as chlorine dioxide (ClO2), but without the use of elemental chlorine (Cl).|\n|3.9 Home composting|The practice performed by a private individual with the aim of producing compost for one\u2019s own use.|\n|3.10 Industrial composting|A composting process performed under controlled conditions on an industrial scale with the aim of producing compost for the market.|\n|3.11 Intentionally added|The act of deliberately utilizing a substance in the formation of a product, component, packaging, or packaging component where its continued presence is desired in the final form to provide a specific characteristic, appearance, or quality.|\n|3.12 Landfill|A waste disposal site for the deposit of waste onto or into land under controlled or regulated conditions.|\n|3.13 Life cycle assessment (LCA)|A methodology for assessing environmental impacts associated with all stages of the life cycle of a commercial product, process, or service. For instance, in the case of a manufactured product, environmental impacts are assessed from raw material extraction and processing (cradle), through the product's manufacture, distribution and use, to the recycling or final disposal of the materials composing it.|\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|3.14|Mechanical recycling|The processing of plastic waste into secondary raw material or goods without significantly changing the chemical structure of the material.|\n|---|---|---|\n|3.15|Oxo-degradable|A material that degrades from the process of oxidation.|\n|3.16|Packaging|All goods made of any materials of any nature to be used for containment, protection, handling, delivery or presentation of goods, from raw materials to processed goods, from a producer to a user or a consumer.|\n|3.17|Paper|A flexible material in the form of a coherent sheet or web of pulp.|\n|3.18|Plastic|A polymeric material which may be formed into flexible film or rigid packaging.|\n|3.19|Post-consumer|A material or finished product that has served its intended use and has been discarded for disposal or recovery, having completed its life as a consumer item.|\n|3.20|Primary packaging|Packaging that comes into direct contact with the finished product.|\n|3.21|Processed chlorine free|Materials produced with pulp from virgin and/or recycled content that has been bleached without any type of chlorine, or that has not been bleached at all. Recycled content may have originally been bleached with chlorine or chlorine derivatives.|\n|3.22|Recyclable|A characteristic of product, packaging or associated component that can be reasonably diverted from the waste stream through available processes and programmes and can be collected, processed and returned to use in the form of raw materials or goods.|\n|3.23|Recycled content|The portion of packaging material that is made with recycled materials.|\n|3.24|Recycling|The process of recovering the product and using it as a raw material to produce another product.|\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|3.25|Reduction|Refraining from the use of material or reducing the quantities of material that is performing a role in product packaging to an end-user.|\n|---|---|---|\n|3.26|Re-use|To use a product for the same or similar purpose as the original purpose without subject the product to a manufacturing process which changes its physical appearance.|\n|3.27|Reusable packaging|The design of packaging can be used multiple times before being sent for recycling, energy recovery, or landfill. The process of re-use usually includes, but is not limited to, cleaning (physical and/or chemical), repair, part replacement, refurbish, but does not involve breaking down of chemical compounds.|\n|3.28|Secondary packaging|Packaging that is additional to the primary packaging and is used for display purposes or for grouping a set of single units into a sales group or multi-pack.|\n|3.29|Service packaging|Packaging which is filled at the point-of-sales.|\n|3.30|Single-use packaging|Also referred to as disposable packaging, includes items intended to be used only once before they are discarded and sent for recycling, energy recovery, or landfill.|\n|3.31|Sustainable packaging|Packaging that is sourced responsibly, designed to be effective and safe throughout its life cycle, meets market criteria for performance and cost. It is preferably made using renewable material, and once used, is recycled efficiently to become valuable feedstock for subsequent production.|\n|3.32|Tertiary packaging|Packaging that is used in the transport and distribution of goods.|\n|3.33|Totally chlorine free (TCF)|A packaging material produced with pulp from virgin content that has been bleached without any type of chlorine, or that has not been bleached at all.|\n|3.34|Waste-to-energy|The process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste. It is a form of energy recovery.|\n|3.35|Wood packaging|Wood packaging derives from cellulose (renewable) sources, commonly hardwood or softwood that is thicker than 6 mm. Most wood-based packaging provides excellent physical protection and limits movement of its content due to its natural surface.|\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|4|General packaging guidelines|\n|---|---|\n|4.1|General|\n\nThis clause covers broadly, the general packaging guidelines, while Clause 6 specifies the environmental design requirements in greater detail.\n\n|4.2|Function of packaging|\n|---|---|\n|4.2.1|General|\n\nNearly every product has packaging at a certain point in its life cycle. Packaging fulfils its primary role of containment, preservation, protection, handling, delivery, or presentation. Packaging performs these roles of any product under normal conditions of distribution, warehousing, retailing and being used by a customer. Packaging is designed to fulfil its functions through a reasonably anticipated life span.\n\nPackaging should be easy to open and the process of opening a packaging and removing the goods should not damage the contents. Dispensing and pouring, where relevant, should not result in waste or spillage. After emptying, residues should be minimal.\n\n4.2.2\nPrimary packaging (also known as direct, consumer or retail packaging)\n\nPrimary packaging has direct contact with the product itself. Hence, for food packaging, it should meet the basis of food hygiene and safety requirement. In most cases, primary packaging also acts to protect and/or preserve the product from being damaged or deteriorated due to handling, temperature exposure, oxidation, contamination, etc. Primary packaging in most products carry information to inform customers, such as instruction manual, safety warning labelling for children\u2019s products, ingredients list and expiration date for food and pharmaceutical items and storage temperature.\n\nExamples of primary packaging include bottle for beverage, blister packs for medication, corrugated board for electronic gadgets.\n\n4.2.3\nSecondary packaging\n\nSecondary packaging refers to enclosing the product with labelling, which is already sealed within its primary packaging material and typically used for ease of handling or display purposes or for grouping a set of single units into a sales group or multi-pack. Secondary packaging usually carries traceability information, i.e., manufacturing date, batch code, packaging handling symbol, storage temperature for food items and number of sales units within it.\n\nExamples of secondary packaging include shrink wrap around a pack of six bottles of soda.\n\n4.2.4\nTertiary packaging\n\nTertiary packaging facilitates handling, storage and transportation of consolidated packages or bulk packaging. This packaging is usually generic and not product specific, does not carry information related to product and not seen by end-user/consumer as they are removed by retailers.\n\nExamples of tertiary packaging include stretch film, pallets, crates, large carton boxes, layer pads used to separate layers of packages, packaging fillers and airbags.\n\n4.3\nHealth, safety and consumer protection\n\nPackaging should not present any form of foreseeable hazard to the consumers or to those in the supply chain during handling, opening, use or disposal. The packaging materials used should be hygienic and should not impart contaminants to the contents. The environmental impact of hazardous substances within the packaging should also be assessed.\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore Single user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\nFor packaging materials that comes in contact with food, suppliers should ensure that the packaging demonstrates compliance with both the food safety management system and food safety hazards (Refer to ISO 22000).\n\nPackaging with contents that are potentially harmful should be clearly labelled with the necessary hazard pictograms and instructions for disposal at its end-of-life.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 8787, "end_char_idx": 18496, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "46ceae09-a108-4415-970a-58eabe1c6e65": {"__data__": {"id_": "46ceae09-a108-4415-970a-58eabe1c6e65", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "4a9991eb8d45cd741990aebb6830d764f91e40c512de977e4b156e32ad2981c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "dc30fdd2-978c-492a-b9c0-ffbbedb755bc", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "6bc86de9c07619475a468907de100906b8553033483949fd2f795f1370d4fe1c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "bb07f394-2a9c-44fb-8be8-724c1d91e8a6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1875521f95a37c107b7929c93881860febf2637e7621b6426b777ac40d92c70f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Packaging with contents that are potentially harmful should be clearly labelled with the necessary hazard pictograms and instructions for disposal at its end-of-life.\n\nThe guidelines in ISO/IEC Guide 41:2018 should be adopted where possible.\n\nFor the use of recycled materials, relevant health and safety guidelines should be considered (see 6.10.3).\n\n4.4 Honesty in presentation\n\nConsumer packaging should not be designed to give a false impression of the nature, quantity or quality of the contents. Any environmental claim made on the packaging should be capable of being substantiated, through traceability of documentation and as best practice through third-party and/or independent verification. Companies should keep good records of internal and external documentation to ensure traceability.\n\nNo claims should be made if there is no agreed upon definition of the term, or where competent and reliable scientific evidence does not exist to substantiate the claim. Clause 7 provides guidelines on the use of environmental claims for packaging including terms that should be avoided.\n\n4.5 Guidelines for consumers\n\nAll necessary instructions should be given, such as opening and closing instructions, drawing attention to potential hazards in using the contents, explaining how to use and store the contents. This also includes end-of-life options for the packaging. Companies should consider conducting adequate consumer testing regarding any on-pack claims to ensure consumers are able to understand the packaging\u2019s proposed guidelines or advice in an adequate and appropriate manner.\n\nConsideration should be given to provide guidance on how the product is best used and disposed of, in an environmentally responsible manner. Packaging should include guidelines for consumers with the relevant symbols/information to identify the material or composition of the packaging as well as the appropriate end-of-life methods. Guidelines of packaging labelling can be found under 7.5 and 7.6.\n\n4.6 Environmental considerations\n\nEssentially, to minimise the environmental impact throughout its life cycle, packaging should be designed / selected such that:\n\n- a minimum amount of material is used to maintain the necessary level of safety and hygiene of the packaged goods.\n- it should be able to be re-used or recovered for recycling and the environmental impacts arising from the recovery or disposal of the packaging is minimised.\n- it is important to consider the country of import as part of the product\u2019s carbon footprint during transport.\n\nNOTE \u2013 The majority of packaging within Singapore is imported.\n\nDetails of the environmental design requirements are given in Clause 6.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n4.7 End-of-life\n\nAfter packaging has served its purpose, it has reached its final stages of usage which is defined as the end-of-life stage. Each type of packaging should carefully consider the optimal design of the product to support appropriate end-of-life solutions, by optimising the lowest carbon footprint wherever possible.\n\nWherever possible and appropriate, packaging should be considered for re-use. Refer to 6.5, 6.9 and 6.10 for more details on various end-of-life options and material considerations.\n\n5 Principles of developing sustainable packaging\n\n5.1 General\n\nThese principles are fundamental and companies are encouraged to use them as guidance for decisions relating to development of sustainable packaging.\n\n5.2 Circular economy\n\n5.2.1 A circular economy is a concept which describes an economic system where materials remain in use even after their intended use has been completed. This is opposed to the traditional linear economy where materials are disposed, either properly or improperly, after they have served their purpose.\n\nNOTE \u2013 According to Singapore\u2019s Zero Waste Masterplan, the circular economy is a system which focuses on designing waste out of the resource ecosystem and maximising the value of resources by keeping them in use for as long as possible.\n\n5.2.2 In the context of the circular economy, these actions can be considered to mitigate the impact of packaging waste according to Figure 1.\n\nReduce & Reuse\nAvoid excessive consumption and promote efficient use of resources\nRecycle\nRecover valuable minerals from waste and turn waste into resources\nAdopt viable & efficient recycling mepods for environmental sustainability\nWaste Treatment\nAdopt innovative technologies to recover energy efficiently and minimise land-take & ash residue\nLandfill & Ash Management\nTurn ash residue into a resource and maximise landfill lifespan\n\nImage: National Environment Agency\n\nFigure 1 \u2013 Waste management hierarchy 1\n\nReproduced with permission of the National Environment Agency\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nIn the above hierarchy, reduce and re-use strategy is the most preferred option, followed by recycle, waste treatment and finally, landfill and ash management strategies. Considering the aim of this TR is to encourage the increased sustainability of packaging, it focuses on reduce, re-use and recycle strategies.\n\n5.2.3 In formulating a sustainability strategy for packaging, it is important to consider and balance the different aspects above, i.e., reduce and reuse, recycle, waste treatment, and landfill and ash management. While the waste management hierarchy implies the order of preference to be reduction followed by re-use, recycle and disposal, implementing these strategies may result in trade-offs which may be necessary. For example, designing a packaging to be re-used should entail a multi-composite product instead of a single material product to make it more durable and safer to be re-used multiple times. While this may make it easier to be re-used, it may result in an increase of materials used and may pose problems for recycling. Hence, a proper analysis of these trade-offs should be conducted to understand if these strategies truly result in a more sustainable packaging with respect to the waste, carbon emissions and other relevant sustainability metrics.\n\n5.2.4 Reduction strategy lessens the impact of packaging waste through reducing the amount of materials which are put into the market. This is the most preferred method as it requires the least amount of resources and effort to execute and in turn, reduces the strain on waste management and recyclables collection infrastructure.\n\n5.2.5 Re-use strategy aims to reduce the amount of packaging waste through ensuring packaging goods remain in use for as long as possible. This is generally less preferred than reduction strategy as it typically entails a redesign of packaging to be more durable while including behavioural change from consumers to re-use the packaging.\n\n5.2.6 Recycle strategy reduces the environmental impacts of packaging waste through ensuring that packaging materials are not simply disposed but remanufactured. This prevents the packaging materials from leaking into the environment or being incinerated and subsequently disposed in a landfill while providing a new avenue for raw materials and/or new goods. This is, however, a generally less preferred option than either reduction or re-use strategies given that more resources need to be dedicated to proper collection, sorting, logistics, and finally, recycling of packaging waste.\n\n5.3 Design and sourcing of materials\n\n5.3.1 General\n\nManufacturers are encouraged to target the reduction of carbon emission, energy consumption, water consumption and waste generation when designing packaging and sourcing for packaging material, taking into consideration the waste management hierarchy in 5.2.2. These are steps for developing more sustainable packaging. Materials are encouraged to be sourced from recycled, renewable sources as much as feasibly possible. This means using plant-based materials and/or pre- or post-consumer recycled materials, materials that do not contain hazardous chemicals or carcinogens, and/or ensuring that packaging materials are recyclable.\n\nNOTE \u2013 The National Environment Agency (NEA) had commissioned a life-cycle assessment study on carrier bags and food packaging in Singapore and found that every type of material causes different environmental impacts such as global warming, high water consumption and/or land use change. As waste in Singapore are mostly incinerated, switching biodegradable materials (e.g. plant-based degradable bags) may not necessarily improve environmental outcomes.\n\n5.3.2 Carbon emissions\n\nIn context of packaging, a carbon footprint is the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases emitted over the life cycle of that product or service, expressed as kilograms of CO2 equivalents. In a life cycle approach, the greenhouse generated during production, transport, useful life and end-of-life are analysed and measured. The design of the packaging should consider the\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\nlife cycle assessment by using the least amount of materials/energy, maximising renewable and/or recycled content and increasing the potential for re-use.\n\n5.3.3 Energy consumption\n\nEnergy is consumed throughout the life cycle of packaging, from the extraction of raw materials, production of packaging in a factory, transportation and finally its disposal.\n\nRecycling of materials offers distinct environmental advantages in terms of energy saving as part of an overall strategy, together with the use of more efficient forms of transport. The development and use of other forms of renewable energy is another strategy to replace carbon intensive energy sources.\n\n5.3.4 Water consumption\n\nWater is another resource that should be considered when evaluating options for packaging materials. Water may be consumed throughout the extraction and production stages of packaging materials, such as in crop growth for fibre-based packaging and even during washing waste packaging for recycling. Packaging manufacturers should consider water consumption impact and explore water reduction opportunities when selecting packaging materials.\n\n5.4 Life cycle assessment (LCA)\n\nLCA considers the entire life cycle of a product packaging, from raw material extraction and acquisition, through energy and material production and manufacturing, to use an end-of-life treatment and final disposal. Through such a systematic overview and perspective, the shifting of a potential environmental burden between life cycle stages or individual processes can be identified and possibly avoided. Refer to Clause 7 for more information.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 18330, "end_char_idx": 29004, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "bb07f394-2a9c-44fb-8be8-724c1d91e8a6": {"__data__": {"id_": "bb07f394-2a9c-44fb-8be8-724c1d91e8a6", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "4a9991eb8d45cd741990aebb6830d764f91e40c512de977e4b156e32ad2981c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "46ceae09-a108-4415-970a-58eabe1c6e65", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "7a03127aa18b3c8010d0004fc4be2853ff1d630a81cedac4f60f5032d76c16cd", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "948f9f83-3ff1-4b79-b5f2-e9b533478138", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5efc3531e09cb87e658d8af4750420e1763ef1a36df5c5b638f9b4f78fa4ff8f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Through such a systematic overview and perspective, the shifting of a potential environmental burden between life cycle stages or individual processes can be identified and possibly avoided. Refer to Clause 7 for more information.\n\nCompanies can refer to SS ISO 14040 and SS ISO 14044 for the relevant standards of LCA.\n\n6 Environmental design requirements\n\n6.1 General\n\nClause 6 provides practical guidance to organisations to improve the design and use of packaging in order to minimise its environmental impact.\n\nThis clause is subdivided into eight subclauses:\n\na) Upstream considerations\n- Packaging reduction\n- Design for re-use\n- Material design considerations\nb) Downstream considerations\n- Design for recyclability\n- Generic rules to improve recyclability\n- Design for organic recycling\n- Design for disposal\nc) Special considerations for industries\n\nNOTE \u2013 Each subclause provides technical knowledge tailored to Singapore, in terms of strategies and guidance for companies to consider. Where relevant, the subclauses also include examples.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.2 Packaging reduction\n\n6.2.1 General\n\nThe manufacturing of packaging requires energy, water, natural resources and generates greenhouse gas emissions, directly or indirectly. When the lesser material is used, lesser resources are consumed and the less stress it creates on the environment.\n\nThe quantity of the packaging material used should be kept to a minimum and consistent with the function of the packaging. Packaging which is not essential to the distribution, retail sale, storage use, or safety of the product should be removed.\n\nUsing weight benchmarks for different industry categories and packaging types can be a powerful tool to identify the potential of packaging reduction for specific goods.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Refer to the packaging benchmarking database for more details on weight benchmarks.\n\n6.2.2 Investigation of the whole supply chain\n\nIt is important to consider the complete system of primary, secondary and tertiary packaging so that a reduction in one component is not over-compensated by an increase in another.\n\nFurthermore, to ensure that a net reduction is achieved, the reduction or elimination of one packaging component should not result in substituting with different materials that are not be so readily recyclable as the original material.\n\n6.2.3 Investigation of transportation packaging\n\nFigure 2 illustrates the impact on the environmental and financial costs for a company when insufficient or excessive packaging is applied to the transport of a specific product.\n\n|Environmental and financial cost|Insufficient packaging|Excessive packaging|\n|---|---|---|\n|Optimal use of packaging|Use of packaging| |\n\nFigure 2 \u2013 Conceptual illustration of the environmental and financial cost impact of insufficient and excessive packaging\n\nAdapted with permission from Consumer Goods Forum, A Global Language for Packaging and Sustainability, A framework and a measurement system for our industry, June 2010, source\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore Single user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\n# TR 109:2023\n\nAs shown in Figure 2, when packaging is insufficient, the product has a higher risk of damage as well as an increased risk of product loss during transportation, which result in a sharp increase in the environmental and financial costs (loss of both packaging and content).\n\nOn the other hand, excessive packaging results in an increase in cost related to:\n\n- additional use of resources for the packaging;\n- loss of valuable space for the transporter resulting in higher logistical costs and higher carbon emissions; and\n- possible loss of clients who do not want to purchase from a supplier that uses excessive packaging.\n\nThe goal is to achieve the optimal use of packaging to ensure the safe delivery of goods while minimising the environmental and financial costs.\n\nPackaging reduction can be achieved through the following:\n\n- Use of lighter packaging materials but with similar performances for transportation. For instance, replace a cardboard box with paper fillers with a soft plastic bag and bubble wrap; and\n- Use of newer packaging technologies that optimise packaging materials and fillers to the dimension of the product.\n\nSuch packaging reduction strategies can apply to both packaging handed over to the end-user and packaging used to facilitate the transportation.\n\nThe quality of packaging being used has a significant impact on its ability to protect goods. When using an underperforming type of packaging (even in a sufficient quantity), there is also a risk of damage to the product. Using packaging of sufficient quality can significantly reduce the overall weight of packaging while providing sufficient protection.\n\nExample: The use of pallet-stabilising cohesive to minimise the use of stretch film for pallets\n\nStretch film is commonly used to secure goods to be transported on pallets. It is highly effective in minimising movement, protecting the goods from damage during transportation. It is also cheap and flexible to cater to irregular shaped pallets. However, it is often thrown away after one use.\n\nOrganisations can consider the use of pallet-stabilising cohesive. This spray-on cohesive has high sheer strength to prevent slippages during transportation and is applied between boxes that keep goods intact within the pallet confines. It is able to withstand tilts and movements during transportation. Some of these cohesives are also suitable for use in cold-chain transportation. Organisation should consider a life cycle assessment to determine the overall advantages of pallet-stabilising cohesive over alternative technologies or practices. They should also check that the solution does not negatively impact the recyclability of stretch film and is made of sustainable compounds that do not harm the environment and do not pose any health hazards.\n\nInvestigation of geometry of packaging\n\nThe container geometry and shape should be evaluated to determine whether a lower material surface area to volume ratios can be achieved.\n\nThe possibility of replacing two or more smaller packages with a single large packaging or increasing the bulk / volume of product in the retail unit should be considered, provided that it does not increase the amount of waste in other areas (e.g. an increase in food spoilage which results in food being thrown away).\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore Single user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\nIn the context of transportation and delivery of goods, this investigation should also consider features to improve the stack-ability of the goods (e.g. stacking layers, regular shaped packaging, avoiding odd-sized goods, etc.) and optimise the use of space for transportation while maintaining a good customer experience.\n\n6.2.5 Investigation of light weighting\n\nLight weighting of the packaging should be considered, where relevant.\n\nIt can be achieved in different ways as follows:\n\n- Use of alternative materials with a lower density while maintaining the packaging\u2019s integrity and content quality. For instance, paperboard with a lower grams per square meter (GSM) can be considered;\n- Use of additional packaging sizing options to better align with the dimensions of the goods during transportation;\n- Use of alternative packaging solutions to enhance a packaging performance that offers lower thickness. For instance, a common packaging for powder is paper bags with a plastic and aluminium inner lining. With the advancement in polymer science, polyethylene can be developed with higher density and enhanced properties to enable a multilayer film structure solution (preferably using the same polymer type) that provides similar water permeability performance;\n- Optimisation of packaging design to achieve light weighting in packaging while fulfilling the product\u2019s condition. For example, a company that supply polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage bottles has transitioned to a new design with a shorter neck that results in the use of lesser material in bottle (PET) and cap (high-density polyethylene (HDPE)).\n\n6.2.6 Investigation of product content alternatives to reduce packaging\n\nThe feasibility of redesigning the product to reduce packaging should be evaluated provided that the modified goods are environmentally appropriate and their efficacy remains.\n\nSuch changes can include, but are not limited to:\n\n- changing the physical shape of a product to optimise the use of space and reduce the surface area of packaging;\n- changing the chemical composition of a product to reduce the protection requirement of the packaging which can lead to a reduction of the thickness of protection layers.\n\n6.2.7 Investigation of alternative distribution systems\n\nAlternative distribution systems can lead to a change in the use of a product and, therefore, lead to significant packaging reduction.\n\nSuch alternative distribution systems can include, but are not limited to:\n\n- bulk distribution, where consumers bring their own containers;\n- reverse logistics, where packaging containers can be returned to the supplier (see 6.3 and Annex A for more details).\n\n16 COPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.3 Design for re-use\n\n6.3.1 Description of reusable packaging\n\nManufacturers should ensure that, if a reusable packaging has a greater environmental impact than its single use alternative, the expected number of re-uses to break even on the environmental impact is realistic. The environmental impact to enable \"re-use\" should be factored in, e.g. energy, water, chemical use for cleaning and reverse logistic carbon footprint.\n\n6.3.2 Characteristic of reusable packaging\n\nReusable packaging is designed to be durable, cleanable, collapsible or nestable, repairable, and/or able to refurbish for lower grade purposes.\n\n6.3.3 Re-use for the same application\n\nIdeal reusable packaging should be able to re-use for the same original application and able to maintain acceptable quality of condition in subsequent applications. Reusable packaging for the same application should be able to efficiently reduce the production of new packaging, hence greatly minimising the carbon footprint and other environmental impacts. Examples of reusable packaging are refillable detergent bottle, pallets for transportation, insulator container for food delivery service, glass bottle for beverage and eco bag for groceries.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 28774, "end_char_idx": 39414, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "948f9f83-3ff1-4b79-b5f2-e9b533478138": {"__data__": {"id_": "948f9f83-3ff1-4b79-b5f2-e9b533478138", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "4a9991eb8d45cd741990aebb6830d764f91e40c512de977e4b156e32ad2981c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "bb07f394-2a9c-44fb-8be8-724c1d91e8a6", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "52b4614e4a6f794001b5e7a834d170767c4910bd8056630878c5e60c71080f22", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "865c9a9c-cc9f-4c1a-a7ee-d4794292ef50", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "1a990e857831076d106821730748f91e30aac82aabd100fb731d73d09c0e890f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Examples of reusable packaging are refillable detergent bottle, pallets for transportation, insulator container for food delivery service, glass bottle for beverage and eco bag for groceries.\n\nExample 1: Reusable containers or boxes for goods transiting to retail stores\n\nAs goods are being transported from the warehouse to the retail stores, goods in their primary packaging can be transported in reusable boxes, minimising the use of secondary or tertiary packaging.\n\nThese boxes are often sturdy plastic containers that are utilised multiple times. They are with or without a cover depending on the protection required. They are often designed to be stackable and help to improve the capacity and bring down the cost of transportation.\n\nDue to the improved transportation capacity, carbon emissions are reduced. This is often witnessed in the transportation of bottled drinks where they are transported in reusable crates or in covered boxes for cosmetics and beauty goods to retail stores.\n\nExample 2: Reusable alternatives to stretch film\n\nIt is advisable for companies to consider using pallet covers that are reusable instead of stretch film. In the case where the goods are transported between premises located relatively close to each other, this becomes a viable option where the reusable pallet covers can be returned and re-used. The use of a reusable pallet cover eliminates the use of stretch film altogether.\n\nExample 3: Reusable e-commerce plastic mailer bags\n\nWith the proliferation of e-commerce and small packet logistics, the use of plastic mailer bags is rampant. These plastic envelopes are often used for a one-way trip. Reusable packaging as a service is also emerging (see 6.3.5). Where return and cleaning operations are possible, organisations should consider the use of reusable mailers. (NOTE \u2013 Refer to \u2018\u2018delivery on circularity\u201d which was a feasibility study conducted by World Wide Fund for Nature WWF) for more details on reusable e-commerce packaging. More information on reverse logistics can be found in the article, \u201cTowards sustainable express deliveries for online shopping: Reusing packaging materials through reserve logistics\u201d.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.3.4 Re-use for alternative application\n\nIn the event where packaging is no longer suitable to serve its original purpose, due to quality, hygiene or unavailability of reverse logistic, companies should explore the possibility of reconditioning for lower grade applications before the packaging\u2019s end of life. The reconditioned packaging should aim to achieve multiple times of usage for lower grade application. For example, food grade containers can be re-used as non-food containers. However, repurposing single-use plastic bags as rubbish bags are not considered as re-use.\n\nExample: Two-way e-commerce plastic mailer bags\n\nWhere possible, organisations should use bags that come with resealable solutions that can facilitate the return of goods from customers to the companies.\n\n6.3.5 Packaging as a service (PaaS)\n\nReusable packaging requires companies to maintain, track, record and report on the location and number of reusable packaging placed in the market. As a result, several companies offer packaging as a service (PaaS) to support organisations in the management of their packaging assets. For instance, the use of packaging as a service for pallets and shipping containers is a common practice in the freight industry.\n\nIn addition, in the recent years, there has been a growing interest for the use of PaaS for consumer applications, especially the food delivery sector in the recent years.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Several companies are established in Singapore and are able to facilitate the management, tracking, collection and cleaning of reusable containers.\n\n6.4 Material design considerations\n\n6.4.1 General\n\nEvaluating alternative materials for the packaging application may be relevant in designing a more sustainable packaging. This applies whether the objective is to improve recyclability, reduce plastic consumption, or reduce carbon footprint of the packaging.\n\nThe following factors should be considered when selecting the material of choice:\n\n- Packaging size, volume and weight;\n- Affordability;\n- Intention of packaging, single-use or refilled for re-use;\n- What happens to the packaging after disposal? Is it recycled locally?\n- LCA (see 5.4).\n\nThere are benefits and trade-offs between materials. The following subclauses describe materials frequently used in packaging applications, as well as considerations that should be taken into account to make more informed choices. Resources like the Alternative Material Tool is one good example of a publicly available resource that can be utilised.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.4.2 Glass\n\n6.4.2.1 Description of glass packaging\n\nGlass is mostly composed of quartz sand, soda, and limestone. Metal oxides are added to color glass (like green, brown, and clear) for varying reasons such as protection against UV light sources and for aesthetic purposes. Packaging made from glass is often reusable and endlessly recyclable (as cullet) without losing their properties.\n\nSome common packaging applications of glass are as follows:\n\n- Beverage bottles;\n- Food and condiment jars and vials; and\n- Cosmetic packaging.\n\n6.4.2.2 Environmental design considerations\n\nSome environmental design considerations in selecting glass as the packaging material are as follows:\n\n- Glass fragility needs to be addressed throughout a full supply chain. Keep in mind any additional materials that may be required for protection.\n- Shorter shipping distances and reduction of glass thickness are needed to lower carbon impact.\n- Virgin glass sourcing is not renewable and can degrade shorelines.\n- Glass needs to be checked for heavy metals. Migration of heavy metals such as lead, chromium, and cadmium, that come from the sand used for glass manufacture, can occur under acidic conditions due to ion exchange between cations from the glass inner surface and food.\n- Additives such as lead crystal, cryolite glass, and enamel, which are normally added to produce heat-resistant glass, should be avoided (unless necessary for the application). These are potential sources of impurity when mixed during recycling. Coatings and lacquers can also limit the recyclability of glass.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Clear, brown, and green glass is widely recycled in Singapore. See 6.7.1 for more details.\n\n6.4.3 Metals\n\n6.4.3.1 Description of metal packaging\n\nMetal packaging, made from aluminum or steel, is used throughout the retail, wholesale, commercial, and industrial sectors. Metal packaging can be split into two categories: ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal.\n\n6.4.3.2 Ferrous metal\n\nFerrous metals are pure iron or alloys which typically consist of iron. The most common ferrous alloys are steel. Ferrous metals may contain little amounts of other metals or components to render it the requisite properties. These metals are magnetic and offer only slight resistance to corrosion.\n\nSome common packaging applications of ferrous metals are as follows:\n\n- Food packaging;\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n- Paints and coatings;\n\n- Aerosols; and\n\n- Cosmetic packaging.\n\n6.4.3.3 Non-ferrous metal\n\nNon-ferrous metal refers to metals such as aluminium alloys. Packaging of non-ferrous metals may contain elements such as magnesium, silicon, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc.\n\nSome common packaging applications of non-ferrous metal are as follows:\n\n- Food and beverage containers; and\n- Cosmetic packaging.\n\n6.4.3.4 Environmental design considerations\n\nSome environmental design considerations in selecting metals as the packaging material are as follows:\n\n- Ferrous and non-ferrous metals consume more energy and are more costly to produce. They are a popular choice for refill/re-use executions.\n- Metals that minimize packaging weight and maximize recycled content to minimize the overall carbon impact.\n- Companies should confirm that the sourcing of raw materials is done ethically as mining conditions vary.\n- Coatings should be carefully evaluated for potentially hazardous or restricted substances.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Ferrous and non-ferrous metals are widely recycled in Singapore. See 6.7.4 for more details.\n\n6.4.4 Fibre-based materials\n\n6.4.4.1 Description of fibre-based packaging\n\nFibre-based packaging is packaging made from renewable and fibrous material \u2013 typically virgin pulpwood, recovered paper from post-industrial sources (e.g. post-industrial/consumer waste). Although fibre-based packaging derives from renewable feedstock, the processing of paper production from forest, to mill, converter, and packaging is equally an extensive production process and organizations should conduct appropriate research and life cycle assessment for the best product to suit their business needs.\n\nOrganizations should ensure that the fiber comes from responsibly managed sources, which can be validated through independent third-party certification standards, such as Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or Programme for the Endorsement for Forest Certification (PEFC). To further support circularity, organizations should increase the use of recycled content wherever possible.\n\n6.4.4.2 Paper, paperboard, and molded pulp\n\nPaper is produced through chemically processing of pulp - which is derived from plants and most commonly wood fiber (derived from trees).\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nSome common packaging applications of fibre-based materials are as follows:\n\n- Carry out bags;\n- Takeaway food containers;\n- Folding cartons such as primary and secondary packaging for food, confectionary, cosmetic, household and consumer goods;\n- Paper lining materials for transportation;\n- Envelopes;\n- Shredded paper fillers;\n- Beverage cartons;\n- Egg cartons, moulded pulp trays; and\n- Display and gift boxes.\n\nCorrugated board\n\nAlthough like paper, corrugated board is primarily differentiated through the varying thickness (grammage) and usually consists of one or more fluted paper glue to a flat sheet of board.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 39223, "end_char_idx": 49211, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "865c9a9c-cc9f-4c1a-a7ee-d4794292ef50": {"__data__": {"id_": "865c9a9c-cc9f-4c1a-a7ee-d4794292ef50", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "4a9991eb8d45cd741990aebb6830d764f91e40c512de977e4b156e32ad2981c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "948f9f83-3ff1-4b79-b5f2-e9b533478138", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "50e400901b1c7f6c13a58888fa5c21e5fd6e6d99ca6b1e22c5c777688bf04eef", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "663055d9-883c-49a1-8278-74cbab4cd280", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "42349e19bdb54dc0774c600116b2349d41334d220c4275bfb57940dfe3b05e49", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Corrugated board\n\nAlthough like paper, corrugated board is primarily differentiated through the varying thickness (grammage) and usually consists of one or more fluted paper glue to a flat sheet of board.\n\nSome common packaging applications of corrugated boards are as follows:\n\n- Folding cartons;\n- Transportation boxes for logistics and shipping; and\n- Secondary food packaging.\n\nWood\n\nWood packaging is commonly described as hardwood or softwood that is thicker than 6 mm. Most wood-based packaging provides excellent physical protection and limits movement of its content due to its natural surface.\n\nWood-based packaging made from raw wood should be treated appropriately to reduce the risk of introduction and spread of quarantine pests associated with the movement in international trade, e.g., phytosanitary (Refer to International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM)).\n\nSome common packaging applications of wood-based packaging are as follows:\n\n- Pallets for shipping and logistics;\n- Barrels for liquids and distilled beverages;\n- Drums for powdery and liquid items; and\n- Crates for storage of fragile goods.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.4.4.5 Alternate natural fibres\n\nOther than commonly used tree fibre, there has been an increase in the use of alternate natural fibres such as bamboo, bagasse, wheat, cassava. These fibres have been used increasingly in food-based packaging.\n\nSome common packaging applications of alternate natural fibres are as follows:\n\n- Carry out bags;\n- Paper lining for food-based packaging; and\n- Folding cartons such as primary and secondary packaging for food, confectionary, cosmetic, household and consumer goods.\n\n6.4.4.6 Environmental design considerations\n\nSome environmental design considerations in selecting fibres as the packaging material are as follows:\n\n- Renewable materials as feedstock should be used, but it is important to ensure that sourcing is done ethically/responsibly; and\n- Whilst fibres are generally suitable for packaging, additional coatings or barrier solutions should be avoided, except for greasy, liquid, or wet goods. Such barrier solutions should not contaminate paper stream or impact recyclability of packaging in paper stream. When using alternative fibres, they should not contaminate the general fibre stream.\n\nNOTE \u2013 There are existing recycling streams for paper, paperboard, moulded pulp, corrugated board and aseptic cartons in Singapore. See 6.7.3 for more details.\n\n6.4.5 Plastic\n\n6.4.5.1 Description of plastic packaging\n\nPlastic is a polymeric material which may be used in both flexible or rigid packaging applications. Plastic is versatile, hygienic, lightweight, flexible and durable due to its variable crystalline structure. Plastic is commonly derived from non-renewable sources, such as petroleum. However, there has been an increase in the use of bio-based material that is incorporated into plastic packaging structures. This is further elaborated in 6.4.7. There are various grades and types of plastics. The most common plastic polymers are described in the following subclauses.\n\n6.4.5.2 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)\n\nPolyethylene terephthalate (commonly referred to as PET or PETE) is a general-purpose thermoplastic polymer through the formation of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid.\n\nSome common packaging applications of PET are as follows:\n\n- Food and beverage containers and trays; and\n- Cosmetic and household packaging.\n\n6.4.5.3 Polyethylene (PE)\n\n6.4.5.3.1 Description of polyethylene\n\nPolyethylene (or polythene) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer. It is a versatile polymer which is suited to a wide range of packaging applications from bulk containers, bottles, to flexible bags and films.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nPolyethylene is typically further differentiated by the material density. All PEs offer good vapour or moisture barrier qualities and are chemically inert.\n\n# 6.4.5.3.2 High-density polyethylene (HDPE)\n\nHigh-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a thermoplastic polymer made from petroleum. HDPE is classified as a plastic product from the monomer ethylene, which is known for its tensile strength.\n\nSome common packaging applications of HDPE are as follows:\n\n- Food contact packaging;\n- Bottles;\n- Thin gauge carrier bags;\n- Caps; and\n- Produce bags.\n\n# 6.4.5.3.3 Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) / Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)\n\nLow-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a thermoplastic polymer made from petroleum. LDPE is classified as a plastic product from the monomer ethylene, which is known for its tensile strength.\n\nSome common packaging applications of LDPE are as follows:\n\n- Food contact packaging;\n- Thin barrier bags;\n- Shrink wrap, stretch film;\n- Air pocket holdings;\n- Coatings for food contact goods;\n- Protective sheeting;\n- Lids;\n- Wire and cable.\n\n# 6.4.5.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)\n\nPolyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a thermoplastic polymer produced by the polymerisation of vinyl chloride. It is known for its uses in radiation sterilisation and one of its common applications is in medical packaging.\n\nSome common packaging applications of PVC are as follows:\n\n- Packaging for disposable syringes and, medical devices;\n- Blister packaging for food-based packaging;\n- Cling film; and\n- Shrink sleeves for beverage bottles.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.4.5.5 Polypropylene (PP)\n\nPolypropylene (PP) is a linear hydrocarbon polymer. PP, like polyethylene (see HDPE, L/LLDPE), is a polyolefin or saturated polymer. In packaging applications, polypropylene is typically injection moulded in which toughness, flexibility, lightweight and heat resistance are required.\n\nSome common packaging applications of PP are as follows:\n\n- Containers for yogurt, margarine, takeout meals and deli food;\n- Medicine bottles;\n- Bottle caps and closures; and\n- Bottles for ketchup and syrup.\n\n6.4.5.6 Polystyrene (PS) and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)\n\nPolystyrene (PS) is a synthetic polymer made from styrene monomer, which origin of liquid petrochemical. It is a thermoplastic polymer which softens when heated and can be converted via semi-finished goods, such as films and sheets, into a wide range of final articles.\n\nSome common packaging applications of PS are as follows:\n\n- Single use food service packaging;\n- Insulation panels;\n- Medical-based packaging; and\n- Thermal transport boxes.\n\n6.4.5.7 Environmental design considerations\n\nThere are many different grades and types of plastic.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Refer to 6.7.2 on current waste management practices in Singapore for more details on tools and resources that can be referenced to evaluate which plastic is accepted by materials recovery facilities (MRFs) in Singapore.\n\nSome environmental design considerations in selecting plastic as the packaging material are as follows:\n\n- Plastic is extremely lightweight and affordable, minimising carbon impact from transportation.\n- Plastic is versatile for various environments and excellent at preserving the integrity of goods from moisture, oxygen, dust and odours.\n- Plastic polymers are highly durable. It is a good material choice for packaging intended to be refilled/re-used, but it can also have negative environmental impact if not properly disposed/recycled.\n\n6.4.6 Composites\n\nComposite materials may have a base material followed by various forms of coatings. For example, a composite material of paper with PE coating is used for its tensile strength, barrier coatings as well as hygiene and sanitisation reasons.\n\n24\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\nThe adoption of such multi-material composites often results in difficulty to recycle composite packaging within the commercial industrial processing plants, or manual separation is required.\n\nThere are three types of composites; fibre-based composites, plastic-based composites and metal-based composites.\n\nExamples of fibre-based composites include the following:\n\n- Paper bags with plastic reinforcement sheets or viewing windows;\n- Paper food boxes with PE coating;\n- Paper cups with PE coating;\n- Wax wraps for food packaging;\n- Blends of alternate natural fibres (bamboo, bagasse) for food service packaging; and\n- Drink cartons.\n\nExamples of plastic-based composites include the following:\n\n- Bags with industrial compostable claims (Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) / Polylactic acid (PLA) blends);\n- Blister packaging for medical goods (PVC based with aluminium peel off layer); and\n- Laminated film made of various substrates [e.g. bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film laminated with metallised PP (e.g. potato chips packaging), or PET film laminated with aluminium and LDPE (e.g. coffee packaging)].\n\nMetal-based composites include polymer-coated steels, such as tinplate combined with polymer through film lamination or direct extrusion.\n\nUsing bio-based materials can be an alternative source to petroleum-based materials. Examples of bio-sourced materials include paper, bio-PE/PP, bio-PET, PEF, PLA, PHA, cellulose, etc.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 49007, "end_char_idx": 58120, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "663055d9-883c-49a1-8278-74cbab4cd280": {"__data__": {"id_": "663055d9-883c-49a1-8278-74cbab4cd280", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "4a9991eb8d45cd741990aebb6830d764f91e40c512de977e4b156e32ad2981c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "865c9a9c-cc9f-4c1a-a7ee-d4794292ef50", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "5d1caeb529e3805170bce9272645bb9df4e60e968cb5a7234ea22ebcc68344a4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "c9ddfdcf-fffc-493a-bfeb-1259131aaa11", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "17e4cf002873f64b24e325894204edeb80ef11f07e59af1bc357e89e479a5b43", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Using bio-based materials can be an alternative source to petroleum-based materials. Examples of bio-sourced materials include paper, bio-PE/PP, bio-PET, PEF, PLA, PHA, cellulose, etc. It is important to note that bio-based materials should not be confused with biodegradable materials as these are two different characteristics. Refer to Figure 3 on bio-based materials and Clause 3 for further explanation of the terminology. Considerations should be given to local infrastructures to ensure the relevance of such materials in the designated market.\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\n|TR 109:2023|Renewable (bio-based)|\n|---|---|\n|Bio-PE/PP, Bio-PET, PEF, PTF|paper|\n|PLA, PHA, starch, cellulose| |\n\nNOTE \u2013 Bio-based materials refer to materials falling in the top half of the above chart and can be either biodegradable or non-biodegradable\n\nFigure 3 \u2013 A chart on bio-based materials\n\nThe benefit of bio-based materials is that they are derived from raw materials that are renewable (e.g., corn, sugarcane, or cellulose, etc.), which means that they can be naturally replaced. However, to ensure that bio-based resources are truly renewable, the ecosystem from where they are sourced need to be carefully managed. Sustainably sourced renewable materials are those that are grown and harvested using management practices that maintain the productivity of natural systems without compromising their capacity for future generations.\n\nThe approaches to sourcing bio-based materials responsibly are as follows:\n\n- Companies reference to certification programmes for sustainable management practices. Some examples include PEFC, FSC for paper-type packaging;\n- Companies consider the use of locally or regionally sourced materials;\n- Companies consider if the feedstock is a by-product of agricultural production or is competing with resources for food production.\n\nThe other key consideration in using bio-based materials is the potential trade-offs in water consumption and land use required in acquiring the renewable feedstocks. It is therefore important to ensure that a holistic assessment is completed, typically in the form of a life cycle assessment prior to adopting the use of bio-based materials. Refer to 5.4 for more details on how to approach a life cycle assessment, means of assessment and other considerations.\n\nSome common packaging applications of bio-based materials are as follows:\n\n- Food contact packaging;\n- Carry out bags;\n- Water barrier coatings in food contact packaging (e.g. PLA lined paper cups); and\n- Medical & healthcare packaging.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.4.8 Recycled content\n\nUsing recycled material offsets the need for virgin resources. Therefore, in the manufacture or production of packaging materials, the use of recycled content should be prioritised and to the maximum extent, where:\n\n- the use of such recycled content is physically possible;\n- it is not detrimental to the functions of the packaging or packaged goods throughout the supply chain; and\n- it does not violate applicable health and safety standards.\n\nWhen choosing between recycled material supply options, priority should be given to using recycled material achieving the lowest levels of carbon emissions of the supply chain.\n\nThe use of recycled content for packaging materials may lead to:\n\n- an increase in possible sources of contamination;\n- an increase in the numbers and levels of chemicals that can migrate from packaging into or onto goods; and\n- a presence of non-intentionally added substances.\n\nSuch risks should be managed and adapted to the end application of the packaging materials. To maintain a high level of confidence and quality, recyclers and manufacturers should maintain a proper chain of custody for sourcing and use of packaging materials.\n\nBrand owners and manufacturers should refer to relevant regulations and legislation for specific requirements related to packaging materials intended for food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications.\n\nExample: E-commerce plastic mailer bags\n\nThese plastic mailer bags are often used for a one-way trip or two-way trip (with resealable feature). Both have a relatively short lifespan. Instead of using virgin plastics, there is an option to utilise post-consumer recycled materials such as post-consumer recycled LDPE plastic, or others from bio-based materials such as seaweed (refer to 6.4.7). Organisations should favour packaging materials that are recyclable.\n\n6.5 Design for recyclability\n\n6.5.1 Recycling eco-system and infrastructure\n\n6.5.1.1 Overview of general waste and recyclables collection and management\n\n6.5.1.1.1 Domestic and trade premises\n\nGeneral wastes and recyclables from domestic premises such as public housing estates, landed residential premises and some private apartments/condominiums, as well as trade premises such as shophouses, hawker centres, army camps, schools, places of worship, petrol stations and public sector buildings, are collected by public waste collectors (PWCs).\n\nNOTE \u2013 In Singapore, PWCs are appointed through open, competitive tenders to service the domestic and trade premises. The general wastes collected by the PWCs are sent for incineration at the waste-to-energy plants. Commingled recycling bins are provided for paper, metal, plastic and glass items which are collected by the PWCs and sent to the MRFs for further sorting and processing. After sorting, the recyclables are then sent to licensed general waste disposal facilities (GWDFs) for further processing.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.5.1.1.2 Commercial and industrial premises\n\nGeneral wastes and recyclables from commercial and industrial premises, as well as some private apartments/condominiums are collected by general waste collectors (GWCs).\n\nNOTE \u2013 In Singapore, GWCs are engaged by the premises directly through commercial contracts. GWCs are licensed by NEA. Incinerable waste is disposed of at waste-to-energy plants, non-incinerable waste is sent to a landfill, while recyclable waste is sent to licensed GWDFs for further processing.\n\nRecyclables collected from commercial and industrial premises can be processed and recycled locally or overseas.\n\nPackaging that has been disposed of may also be collected by the informal sector (e.g. rag-and-bone man) and sent to GWDFs for further processing. Sorted recyclables from GWDFs are either processed and recycled locally or overseas.\n\nNOTE \u2013 The National Environmental Agency (NEA) is the leading public organisation responsible for ensuring a clean and sustainable environment for Singapore. More information on acceptable recyclables in the blue bin is available on NEA website.\n\n6.5.1.2 Possibility for companies to organise their own collection schemes for recycling\n\nIn the absence of specific national collection schemes for certain types of packaging, companies may embark on their own collection schemes to collect back their packaging materials. This can help to reduce the contamination of the recyclables and improve the recycling rate.\n\nSome best practices are listed below:\n\n- Sufficient access to collection points\n- Collection points for packaging should cover as much of the population as possible so that it makes it easier for consumers to return their packaging. Alternatively, collection points should be strategically placed where consumption of the packaging usually occurs to optimise the distance from where the consumption occurs. For example, for collection of single-use packaging (consumed on-the-go e.g. PET bottles) companies should prioritise high footfall areas such as shopping malls.\n- Brand neutrality\n- Collection of packaging should be brand-neutral. Companies should not limit themselves to only collecting back their own brand of packaging. Limiting packaging collection to specific brands requires additional resources to educate the public and segregate the targeted packaging, leading to an inefficient system.\n- Education campaigns\n- These campaigns should be coupled with collection programmes aimed to increase awareness, encourage collection and reduce contamination of the packaging collected.\n- Stakeholder engagement\n- A wide variety of stakeholders such as premises owners of potential locations for collection points, civil society organisations and the government should be engaged to obtain a holistic point of view when designing collection programmes.\n- Collaboration amongst different companies\n- Companies that use the same packaging can help to reduce costs and achieve wider impact through pooling of their resources together and aiming to achieve economies of scale.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.5.2 Design guidance for recyclability\n\nThe design for recyclability of packaging is fundamental to enable efficient recycling. All packaging should be designed and produced to maximise recycling rates, taking into account the available waste collection systems and types of material that are accepted for recycling.\n\nThis should apply to primary, secondary, tertiary and service packaging. The following recommendations aim to provide guidance for improving the recyclability of packaging.\n\nWaste should first be sorted by categories. Such sorting may take place at the point of waste generation (segregation at the source) or in a dedicated sorting facility (or MRF). Upon sorting, different waste streams are directed to different facilities, some of which may be located overseas.\n\n- Plastics are sent to plastic recycling facilities (PRFs). Certain plastics collected are processed and recycled by the plastic recyclers. As not all of it can be processed by local recycling facilities, a certain portion may be exported. These recyclers are usually specialised in the recycling of specific polymer type or plastic resins such as PET, polyolefins (PE and PP), or PS.\n- Glass is sent to glass recycling facilities.\n- Metals are sent to smelting plants. Different types of metals go to specialised facilities.\n- Fibre-based goods are sent to a paper mill. Paper mills tend to be specialised in the type and grade (or quality) of paper waste goods.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 57936, "end_char_idx": 68136, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "c9ddfdcf-fffc-493a-bfeb-1259131aaa11": {"__data__": {"id_": "c9ddfdcf-fffc-493a-bfeb-1259131aaa11", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "4a9991eb8d45cd741990aebb6830d764f91e40c512de977e4b156e32ad2981c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "663055d9-883c-49a1-8278-74cbab4cd280", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "c5952f539597dd67cb68edc8a798912cd41ed07032768e62550745143eecc839", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "fda16941-587f-4bf8-b025-e87fefd41b70", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "d7fc967a57aeb6d11232dcb1fb14843361691debcf245e3bafe7dcf7393d665c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Different types of metals go to specialised facilities.\n- Fibre-based goods are sent to a paper mill. Paper mills tend to be specialised in the type and grade (or quality) of paper waste goods.\n\nAs a consequence, the process and technologies used for recycling of different waste streams vary. Therefore, the recommendations to improve recyclability should be tailored in accordance with the actual waste stream.\n\nSeveral parameters can impact the recyclability of packaging. Such parameters include:\n\n- shape and size;\n- weight;\n- materials;\n- coatings;\n- dyes;\n- inks; and\n- glues.\n\nTable 1 gives an overview of the recyclability status of clean, dry and uncontaminated packaging materials. The recyclability status of packaging materials found in domestic waste assumes the packaging is used for a product typically found in households and is collected via the blue bins. The recyclability status of packaging materials found in commercial and industrial waste assumes that the packaging materials are segregated at source and are sent directly to recycling or trader facility.\n\nThe recyclability status of the packaging materials shown below are to be used as guidelines only. Also, the status may change as the recycling ecosystem changes (due to new technologies, facilities, or commodity pricing).\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n**Table 1 \u2013 Availability of recycling options for packaging materials collected in Singapore (as of January 2023)**\n|Material category|Packaging materials found in domestic waste|Packaging materials found in commercial and industrial waste|\n|---|---|---|\n|Fibre-based goods| | |\n|Paper|Yes|Yes|\n|Corrugated board|Yes|Yes|\n|Wood|No|Yes|\n|Alternative fibre|Unknown|Unknown|\n|Plastics| | |\n|PET (1)|Yes|Yes|\n|HDPE (2)|Yes|Yes|\n|PVC (3)|No|No|\n|LDPE (4)|Yes|Yes|\n|PP (5)|Yes|Yes|\n|PS (6)|Yes|Yes|\n|EPS|No|Yes|\n|Bioplastics|No|Unknown|\n|Glass| | |\n|Clear|Yes|Yes|\n|Brown|Yes|Yes|\n|Green|Yes|Yes|\n|Other colours|No|No|\n|Metal| | |\n|Ferrous metal|Yes|Yes|\n|Non-ferrous metal|Yes|Yes|\n|Others| | |\n|Composite|No|No|\n|Beverage carton|Yes|Yes|\n\nNOTE \u2013 It is assumed all materials received are clean, dry and uncontaminated.\n\n# 6.6 Generic rules to improve recyclability\n\n# 6.6.1 General\n\nRegardless of the type of material used, certain rules related to the improvement of recyclability apply in most situations.\n\n# 6.6.2 Avoid the use of multi-material goods\n\nRecycling facilities are designed to transform specific types of materials. Therefore, if a secondary material is different from its main component (such as a plastic label on a cardboard box), then the secondary material represents a contaminant and should be removed by the recycling facility. For instance, organisations should avoid the use of composite materials such as multiple layer packaging like trays of cardboard with plastic lamination.\n\nWhenever possible, organisations should favour mono-material packaging.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.6.3 Use of materials that can be easily removed\n\nIf a secondary material is a contaminant for the recycler, then the secondary material should be separated from the main component. The type of bonding used impacts the ease of removing secondary materials. For instance, non-water soluble glue for a LDPE label on a PET bottle prevents the separation of the label from the bottle and negatively impacts the quality of the recycled PET.\n\nWhen it is not possible to have mono-material packaging, organizations should favor bonding types that facilitate the separation of materials at the recycling facility.\n\n6.6.4 Minimize the use of multiple materials\n\nEven if materials can be relatively easily separated, some contaminants may still go through the sorting and cleaning processes of the recycler. Therefore, the use of secondary materials should be kept to the strict minimum.\n\n6.6.5 Avoid materials that can be mistaken for something else\n\nTo facilitate the sorting process, organizations should avoid designing packaging for which the material can easily be mistaken for something else.\n\nFor instance, some thick transparent plastic bottles can be made to feel and look like glass or likewise PLA bottles can also be made transparent that resembles PET bottles. In such a situation, brand owners and packaging manufacturers should provide clear instructions on how to dispose of these packaging to avoid contamination of the recycling stream.\n\nNOTE \u2013 In Singapore, sorting of recyclables from the commingled blue recycling bins is performed at MRFs.\n\n6.6.6 Avoid small packaging items\n\nThe smaller an item is, the more difficult it is to sort it properly both manually (with workers) and automatically (with machines). The discarded packaging should be adequately sized to facilitate its identification and sorting in the MRFs.\n\nWhenever possible, organizations should avoid packaging resulting in small items such as individually wrapped sweets.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Typically, in Singapore, any item which is less than 50 mm in three dimensions may not be sorted out at the MRFs.\n\n6.6.7 Apply disruptive packaging design approach\n\nThe small and/or detachable components on a packaging (preferably using the single and compatible material as the main component) can be designed to be attached onto the overall packaging throughout its service life.\n\nFor example, a detachable standard screw cap on a PET beverage bottle can be redesigned with a tethered feature to ensure the cap is attached onto the tamper-evident ring and overall packaging even after consumption. This approach improves the management of waste collection and prevents any unfavorable waste leaks to the ocean and environment.\n\nAdoption of innovative disruptive packaging design is highly encouraged, especially if the solution promotes the use of fewer materials and/or better sustainability such as a lower carbon footprint.\n\nFor example, plastic is used to replace some conventional metal can packaging in goods such as fruits and processed meat, which provides equivalent shelf life and lighter packaging weight for transport in contributing to lower carbon emission.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.6.8 Avoid the use of any components that contain heavy metals\n\nHeavy metals are a serious form of contamination for recyclable materials as they can have a detrimental impact of the quality of the end products from the recycler. General product packaging components should not contain intentionally added lead, cadmium, mercury, or hexavalent chromium. The sum of the concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury and hexavalent chromium present in any packaging component should not exceed the permitted limits.\n\n6.7 Additional rules to improve recyclability of specific packaging materials\n\n6.7.1 Glass\n\n6.7.1.1 Avoid dark tinted glass\n\nGlass beneficiation facilities operate optical sorters to segregate glass cullet by colours. When a glass is dark tinted, the light beam of the sorter does not go through the glass. As a result, it is discarded as waste. Therefore, organisations should avoid the use of dark tinted glass.\n\n6.7.1.2 Minimise opaque areas on glass\n\nTo facilitate the optical sorting at the glass beneficiation facility, minimise opaque areas on glass, such as paint, labels and other add-ons.\n\n6.7.1.3 Avoid the use of plastic labels and minimise the area of the label that is adhesive\n\nPlastic labels are a contaminant and are discarded. The glass glued to the label is lost. To maximise the recovery of glass, avoid the use of plastic label. If that is not possible, minimise the area of the label that is adhesive.\n\n6.7.2 Plastic\n\n6.7.2.1 Use of plastic resins that have an end market\n\nPlastic resins are a commodity which are subject to a variety of factors such as supply, demand, regulatory changes, crude oil prices, etc. As a result, certain plastic resins do not have an end-market and, therefore are not recycled even if it is technically possible. Historically, there has always been an end-market for PET and HDPE as opposed to PS.\n\nWhenever possible, organisations should prioritise plastic resins that have an established end-market. It is important to closely monitor the development of the market.\n\n6.7.2.2 Avoid the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)\n\nIntrinsically, PVC contains high chlorine content and complex additives that requires dedicated segregation and processing for recycling. These components are not compatible with most plastic and therefore the application of PVC should be avoided whenever possible.\n\n6.7.2.3 Avoid the use of non-plastic materials or components\n\nTo maximise the quality and consistency of recycled plastic, it is important to eliminate the use of non-plastic materials such as paper and metal.\n\nA packaging design that consists of plastic and non-plastic material will be challenging for plastic recycling as a typical recycling facility likely does not have the advanced technologies to separate the specific materials effectively.\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\n6.7.2.4 Adopt similar density of different plastics if multi-materials are required\n\nThe use of multi-materials has been conventional to meet specific performance and requirements for specific flexible and some rigid plastic packaging. If possible, the specific density of each material (excluding foamed or filled materials) should preferably be of similar range to enable efficient segregation especially in specific recycling sorting techniques such as the floatation method.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 67943, "end_char_idx": 77499, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "fda16941-587f-4bf8-b025-e87fefd41b70": {"__data__": {"id_": "fda16941-587f-4bf8-b025-e87fefd41b70", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "4a9991eb8d45cd741990aebb6830d764f91e40c512de977e4b156e32ad2981c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "c9ddfdcf-fffc-493a-bfeb-1259131aaa11", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "af8c3c88e1e85ee529e7b1b3092c1c42a5638dea0b1d81f8d57827414f476978", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "6cb8a292-8c4e-4883-8dcd-d4e041d21e4c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "01486052532a0ded31c377eff51868c1cec34c9a8b1a119bad7c1d3c0820babc", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "If possible, the specific density of each material (excluding foamed or filled materials) should preferably be of similar range to enable efficient segregation especially in specific recycling sorting techniques such as the floatation method. For multi-materials that cannot be of similar density range, the separation or delamination should be considered for allowing the respective materials to be separated effectively.\n\n6.7.2.5 Use of compatible materials\n\nSpecifically for flexible and some rigid plastic packaging with oxygen barrier requirement, the incorporation of a barrier material or component is a common approach for the provision of low oxygen transmission. The use of such components should be kept at a minimum in order not to compromise the quality of the recycled material.\n\nThere are published guidelines available for reference on plastic compatibility. Such guidelines include the APR design guidelines and RecyClass guidelines, which consist of detailed recommendations for the choice of barrier material and its limit for high compatibility and recyclability in return. For example, incorporation of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) in polyethylene film should not comprise more than 5 %, which may inhibit the efficiency of recycling.\n\n6.7.2.6 Avoid the use of fillers\n\nIn this context, a filler refers to a solid additive incorporated into a polymer matrix. Fillers are commonly used to reinforce and elevate the mechanical properties of a material. In some cases, a filler is added to reduce the material cost. As the filler increases the density of a material, it can interfere with the accuracy of the sorting process of recycling and affects the consistency to recover a specific material.\n\n6.7.2.7 Avoid the use of bio/oxo/photo-degradable additives\n\nBio/oxo/photo-degradable additives facilitate the degradation of packaging materials into smaller forms. Such packaging may degrade prior to sending to the sorting facilities and make the sorting and recycling more difficult. Furthermore, when such packaging is mixed with conventional plastics, it affects the quality and mechanical properties of the recycled plastic.\n\n6.7.2.8 Avoid the use of high content of black ink or colouring\n\nIn some plastic recycling facilities, near-infrared (NIR) techniques may be used for material sorting. The presence of a high level of black ink coverage in a packaging can disrupt the NIR reflection and result in sorting inaccuracy. The use of black ink on packaging should be minimised to improve the rate of recyclability.\n\nWhenever possible, the overall artwork should also be minimal to avoid excessive use of colouring so as to attain highest purity and consistency of the recycled plastic.\n\n6.7.2.9 Use the same or compatible material for label\n\nFor packaging that consists of a label or sleeve, the use of the same material and having the same colour as the main packaging body are highly recommended to promote recyclability. The use of dissimilar material hinders the effectiveness of recycling.\n\nFor example, the use of PP label is most favourable on a polypropylene (PP) bottle as compared to a label using polyethylene, which is still regarded as a similar polymer group of polyolefins. However, if the label consists of PVC, paper, aluminium or metallised components, it is highly unfavourable to the recycling of a PP bottle, especially if the label or sleeve cannot be removed upon recycling.\n\n33 COPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.7.2.10 Use of easily removable label or sleeve\n\nIf the use of same material or similar group as the main packaging body is not feasible, the label or sleeve of a dissimilar material should be constructed for easy removal. The label or sleeve should only utilise minimum space on the packaging body that allows the packaging to be recognised for sorting during recycling.\n\n6.7.2.11 Optimise the packaging design to allow full access to content\n\nTo avoid having any unwanted contaminant present during recycling, it is important to minimise or eliminate the residual content in a packaging after consumption. The packaging should be designed as such to enable easy access to all contents and allow basic cleaning before disposal for recycling.\n\n6.7.3 Paper\n\n6.7.3.1 Avoid plasticising glues (hot melt glue)\n\nPlasticising glues do not dissolve in water and are a contaminant during the pulping process of a paper mill. Therefore, organisations should favour the use of water-soluble glues for paper packaging.\n\n6.7.3.2 Avoid UV inks and coatings\n\nUV inks and coatings cannot be separated during the deinking process of a paper mill and degrade the quality of the final product. Such inks and coatings should be avoided.\n\n6.7.3.3 Avoid use of chlorine as a bleaching agent\n\nThe use of elemental chlorine (Cl) as a bleaching agent to bleach virgin or recovered fibres used in product packaging should be minimised or eliminated. Product packaging should be either elemental chlorine free (ECF), totally chlorine free (TCF) or processed chlorine free.\n\n6.7.4 Metal \u2013 Aluminium\n\nOrganisations should not mix steel with aluminium packaging. Steel has a higher melting point than aluminium. Therefore, if steel is mixed with aluminium, it degrades the quality of the aluminium ingot.\n\n6.7.5 Use of test methods to evaluate packaging recyclability\n\nIn order to further improve the design for recyclability of the packaging, the organisation can consider conducting an in-depth recyclability assessment of the packaging with the help of third-party providers such as consulting companies and laboratories.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Laboratory testing protocols exist in other countries and can be used as a guide for Singapore, until a Singapore-specific protocol is established.\n\n6.7.6 Access to a programme for recycling at scale\n\nTechnologies are evolving and can allow previously difficult or not recyclable packaging to be recycled. Furthermore, new business models may offer collection and recycling capabilities at scale for specific types of packaging.\n\nManufacturers should make themselves aware of such capabilities to determine if specific packaging can effectively be collected, sorted and recycled.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n6.8 Design for organic recycling\n\n6.8.1 Biological treatment of packaging\n\nWhen using packaging designed to be composted, brand owners should make sure that packaging is used in ecosystems where they can be realistically collected for recycling by these companies.\n\nCompanies should not assume that compostable packaging have a viable end of life in countries where home composting is nascent, e.g. in Singapore.\n\nBiological recycling or organic recycling include aerobic (composting) or anaerobic (digestion) treatment of the biodegradable packaging materials through microbial activity under controlled conditions.\n\nIn the presence of oxygen, the organic recycling process produces stabilised organic residues (compost), carbon dioxide and water. Whereas, in the absence of oxygen, it produces methane rich biogas and digestate. These by-products can be taken and used by other entities, thus, promoting a circular economy.\n\nLandfilling and littering are not considered as organic recycling. Additionally, oxo-degradable plastics is not considered to be organically recyclable and organisations should avoid using it. Oxo-degradable plastic typically contains a chemical additive that triggers fragmentation when the material is exposed to heat or UV rays.\n\nNOTE 1 \u2013 Manufacturers have claimed that the fragments can biodegrade after fragmentation, but conclusive evidence suggests otherwise and led to it being banned by the European Commission, through the European Single-Use Plastics Directive (Directive (EU) 2019/904 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 2019 on the reduction of the impact of certain plastic products on the environment).\n\nNOTE 2 \u2013 In Singapore, there are no public facilities for the biological treatment of packaging. Separately, there are also local commercial companies able to collect and digest certain types of packaging waste. However, these companies do not represent a collection for organic recycling at scale for all biodegradable packaging.\n\n6.8.2 Packaging requirements\n\nFor packaging to participate in organic recycling, it needs to be constructed entirely from biodegradable materials, such as biogenic bioplastic (PLA, PHA) and paper (non-composite paper). As discussed in 6.4.7, note that not all bioplastics are biodegradable. At the end of its useful life, the packaging needs to be treated in an appropriate organic recycling facility.\n\nWhether packaging is designed to be composted in industrial or home facilities, organisations should only procure compostable packaging which refer to the relevant standards.\n\nSuch standards include:\n\nAS 5810 for biodegradable plastics suitable for home composting;\nEN 13432 for requirements for packaging recoverable prough composting and biodegradation;\nEN 14995 for pe evaluation of compostability of plastics.\n\nConsidering the current state of infrastructure, organisations should ensure that the use of compostable packaging is relevant and that organic recycling is likely and realistic.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|6.8.3|Certification programmes|\n|---|---|\n| |Manufacturers may apply for certification programmes to demonstrate the compostability and suitability of packaging for industrial or home composters. Manufacturers should ensure that the certification programme is relevant and applicable.|\n\n# 6.9 Design for disposal\n\nThis is the least preferred environmental design option. However, because of the limitations inherent in re-use and recycling systems, this option should be considered as the final possible disposition of all packaging.\n\nThe packaging should be designed to facilitate a safe and if possible, easy disposal by consumers when it reaches the end of its life cycle, which may have included multiple re-use and recycling. This depends on the type of packaging.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 77257, "end_char_idx": 87203, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "6cb8a292-8c4e-4883-8dcd-d4e041d21e4c": {"__data__": {"id_": "6cb8a292-8c4e-4883-8dcd-d4e041d21e4c", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "4a9991eb8d45cd741990aebb6830d764f91e40c512de977e4b156e32ad2981c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "fda16941-587f-4bf8-b025-e87fefd41b70", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "0b7dd78f6a1b95e63c176f7374f757f19a08f34800c8bbbbf33a80f7e138bb7f", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "d2c8c914-9885-4dcf-ae68-5e93bde98184", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "963fd1adfa3322d11927893098491d81d001a184ea5895474b69a010ed9d8038", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "The packaging should be designed to facilitate a safe and if possible, easy disposal by consumers when it reaches the end of its life cycle, which may have included multiple re-use and recycling. This depends on the type of packaging.\n\nThe packaging and its components (e.g., ink, dyes, pigments, stabilisers, solders and adhesives) should be designed such that hazardous substances occurring in emissions, ash or leachate on disposal, are minimised.\n\n# 6.10 Special considerations for industries\n\n# 6.10.1 Specific considerations for packaging in contact with food\n\nIt is presupposed that all food contact articles (including food containers and food packaging) imported, used or sold are in compliance with applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Business operators of food-contact articles should ensure that their food contact articles do not migrate any harmful substances into food.\n\n# 6.10.2 Specific considerations for packaging in contact with hazardous content\n\nThis is not considered in these guidelines; refer to the relevant legislations.\n\n# 6.10.3 Specific considerations for the use of recycled plastic for food grade applications\n\nSpecial considerations should be given to the use of recycled content for packaging materials in contact with food as its use may lead to:\n\n- an increase in possible sources of contamination;\n- an increase in the numbers and levels of chemicals that can migrate from food packaging into food; and\n- the presence of non-intentionally added substances.\n\nFood manufacturers and traders should ensure that no harmful substances migrate into food.\n\nUnlike glass and metal which are relatively impervious to contaminants and relatively easily cleaned during the recycling process, plastic is more challenging to recycle and can represent a threat of contamination for food by toxic chemicals. Working with reliable suppliers of pre- or post-consumer recycled plastic is important.\n\nNew standards are being developed to establish reliable and relevant health and safety guidelines for the use of recycled materials. Companies should be aware of the relevant guidelines or protocols for the use and sourcing of post-consumer recycled contact for food grade applications. When relevant, the American and European agencies maintain a database of post-consumer recycled plastic manufacturers:\n\n36\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nThe U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) issues no objection letter (NOL) to recyclers in order to informally confirm that the company can produce food-grade plastic from post-consumer recycled materials.\n\nThe European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) issues formal assessment of technologies for the recycling of post-consumer plastic into food contact materials.\n\nTo maintain a high level of confidence and quality, recyclers and manufacturers should maintain a proper chain of custody for sourcing and using of packaging materials.\n\n# Environmental claims\n\n# General\n\nAn environmental claim is the practice of suggesting or creating the impression (in the context of a commercial communication, marketing or advertising) that a product or service has a positive impact on the environment or is less damaging to the environment than competing goods or services.\n\nEnvironmental claims should meet the same legal standards as any other kinds of advertising. An environmental claim can take the form of text, symbols, or graphics. It can be printed on the packaging of a product or displayed on advertising material (physical and digital). In order to prevent unfair commercial practices that may harm the commercial interests of consumers and other market players, specific guidance should be followed when making environmental claims. An environmental claim should be relevant, clear, accurate and substantiated.\n\nThis clause deals with making acceptable environmental and recycling claims and attempts to provide guidance for companies to make such claims clearly and responsibly and to build consumer trust. Overall, the guidance provided in this clause is intended to create a level playing field to enhance consumer awareness, improve the adoption of sustainable choices on the purchase, use/re-use, disposal and the recycling of packaging.\n\n# Principles for acceptable environmental claims\n\n# General\n\nEnvironmental claims may have a single-issue (e.g. carbon footprint) or multi-issue approach (e.g. environmental footprint) and can provide a holistic perspective considering the impacts of every stage of the product\u2019s life cycle, from raw material extraction and product manufacturing, through its use and disposal (known as \u201ca life cycle approach\u201d).\n\nThe following list of principles that should be applied when making environmental claims for your goods has been adapted from the United Nations Environment Programme\u2019s \u201cGuidelines for providing product sustainability information (2017)\u201d.\n\nThe following recommendations establish some basic principles which organisations are encouraged to adopt.\n\n# Principle 1: Accuracy\n\nTo ensure that environmental claims are accurate, they should be:\n\n- based on facts supported by evidence that can be substantiated or evaluated;\n- endorsed by experts that the evidence is robust and relevant;\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n\u2212 aware of any exclusions, limitations and assumptions that were used in building the claim and communicate them clearly.\n\n# 7.2.3 Principle 2: Relevance\n\nWhen considering major improvements or innovation with the packaging that improve its overall sustainability performance, companies should highlight only the areas that matter to their customers and consumers.\n\nWhen doing so, companies should bear in mind that these claims:\n\n- \u2212 are integral to the product, i.e., its function, materials or performance;\n- \u2212 are a genuine benefit and significantly better than what is already required by law; and\n- \u2212 do not mask other aspects where the packaging is performing poorly or has deteriorated.\n\n# 7.2.4 Principle 3: Clarity\n\nCustomers and consumers generally want clear messages and language to inform them when they make purchasing decisions.\n\nThe following ensures that the information provided is useful:\n\n- \u2212 Avoid vague, ambiguous and broad \u201cgeneral environmental\u201d claims. This is further explained in 7.3. Generally, customers or consumers should be able to quickly distinguish between the sustainability claim and brand information.\n- \u2212 Share information that helps customers and consumers understand their role in improving product performance and the impact of their consumption.\n- \u2212 Provide simple guidance on how customers and consumers can alter or improve their consumption behaviour.\n- \u2212 Consider using internationally recognised graphics, pictures and symbols. These visual elements should be accompanied by explanatory statements, if needed.\n\n# 7.2.5 Principle 4: Transparency\n\nIt is important that customers and consumers are allowed to evaluate environmental claims. Information that underpins a claim should not be hidden, including the following:\n\n- \u2212 Making the information understandable, which includes simplifying technical information for consumers to providing detailed and complex information to customers, where relevant.\n- \u2212 Not making a claim if the underlying information is confidential.\n- \u2212 Considering different ways in which a consumer may reasonably interpret a claim, even if it is not the intended message.\n- \u2212 Ensuring that disclaimers are clearly communicated near the claim they are intended to qualify to avoid creating misleading claims.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n7.2.6 Principle 5: Accessibility\n\nEnvironmental claims, if they are made, should be accessible particularly to consumers, i.e. the information should be readily available to the consumer (e.g. in the supermarket aisle) and is clearly visible (e.g. as an on-pack label).\n\n7.3 Principles for specific types of environmental claims\n\n7.3.1 Comparison with other materials\n\nComparative advertising or communication is subject to the same five basic principles listed above. The comparison should be meaningful, which in practice means that:\n\n- The comparison should refer to goods that meet the same needs or are intended for the same purpose.\n- The criteria for comparisons should be relevant for the assessment of the main environmental impacts of a product.\n- The aspects and criteria that are compared should be clear and meaningful for the environmental assessment of the goods. For this reason, comparisons may be made only if:\n- The data on which the comparison is based comes from reliable sources, such as peer reviewed LCA, or reputable third parties have reviewed or published the data on which the comparison is based, e.g., NGOs, governmental agencies.\n- The comparison is market specific (especially on weight and carbon footprint against a relevant packaging alternative).\n\n7.3.2 Carbon claims linked to CO2 emissions or lower climate impact\n\nClimate change is likely to remain a central topic as it represents a significant challenge. Refer to 7.1 when making comparative claims. A third party reviewed LCA or carbon footprint report should be publicly available.\n\n7.4 Pitfalls to avoid\n\n7.4.1 Shifting of burden\n\nClaims about processes and materials (such as \u201cuse of natural fibres\u201d, \u201c100% recycled content\u201d, \u201ccompostable\u201d or \u201cfree from synthetic material\u201d) can be helpful, if this does not detract from the relevant sustainability issues related to the life cycle of a piece of packaging, i.e., burden shifting is avoided. In line with the principle of reliability, the claim should be substantiated by quantitative (e.g. life cycle assessment studies) or qualitative (e.g. focus group discussions) information.\n\n7.4.2 Greenwashing\n\n\u201cGreenwashing\u201d is any attempt to mislead consumers and to market goods in such a manner that implies it is more environmentally friendly than they actually are. This can be an exaggeration or misrepresentation of an improved environmental performance, a claim that cannot be verified, is irrelevant or is simply false. \u201cGreenwashing\u201d has the potential to demotivate consumers to purchase and use more sustainable goods and penalise providers of information who adhere to appropriate guidelines.\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\n7.4.3 General sustainability benefit claims\n\nBroad, general sustainability benefit claims are difficult, if not impossible, to substantiate and often mislead or confuse consumers.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 86969, "end_char_idx": 97530, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "d2c8c914-9885-4dcf-ae68-5e93bde98184": {"__data__": {"id_": "d2c8c914-9885-4dcf-ae68-5e93bde98184", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "4a9991eb8d45cd741990aebb6830d764f91e40c512de977e4b156e32ad2981c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "6cb8a292-8c4e-4883-8dcd-d4e041d21e4c", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "2fbf260807f76e2fc2e8009ccd53c35e80368e0889414ddd4a64523e315e729b", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "a1dcdaac-9783-47dc-a124-fbfd58ba5fd4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "194959f1888d8a3f58cac9f3bc552598293d7ce71c42339705cf09b3461c9cfe", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nTR 109:2023\n\n7.4.3 General sustainability benefit claims\n\nBroad, general sustainability benefit claims are difficult, if not impossible, to substantiate and often mislead or confuse consumers. Terms (non-exhaustive list) that should be avoided are: \"environmentally friendly\", \"eco-friendly\", \"eco\", \"good for the environment\", \"sustainable\", \"green\", \"carbon friendly\", \"natural\", \"non-toxic\", \"ecologically safe\", \"pollutant free\", \"clean\", \"zero emissions\" and \"biodegradable\".\n\nIf such a general claim is made, it should be made in line with ISO 14021:2016 which specifies requirements for self-declared environmental claims, including statements, symbols and graphics, regarding goods or accompanied by clear and prominent qualifying language/ standards that limit the claim to a specific benefit or set of benefits.\n\nFor example, a claim such as \"eco-friendly: made with recycled materials,\" is misleading under the following circumstances:\n\n- The statement \"made with recycled materials\" is not clear and prominent.\n- It is not clear if the claim applies individually to the goods (i.e. what is inside), the packaging, or both.\n- The trader cannot substantiate that the entire packaging, excluding minor, incidental components, is made from recycled material.\n- Making the packaging with recycled materials does not make the packaging more environmentally beneficial overall.\n- The advertisement\u2019s context implies other misleading claims.\n\nThe term \"compostable\" is often used interchangeably with \"biodegradable\". However, biodegradable products are not necessarily compostable. A biodegradable product can biodegrade in some environments and not in others and the timeframe for biodegradation is unknown. Importantly, all certified compostable plastics biodegrade and when mixed in compost contribute to soils, but not all biodegradable plastics turn into compost. If a material does not break down in both commercial and home composting scenarios, the claim should be adequately qualified.\n\nIn countries where there are no commercial or industrial scale composting facilities (e.g. Singapore) and if a brand owner chooses to use compostable packaging, it should be designed for a home composting environment. Such packaging should ideally meet home composting standards such as AS 5810:2010. In addition, where composting facilities are not present/limited, or composting is not widely practised, claims should be qualified so as not to mislead consumers about the environmental benefit when the item is disposed of in a landfill, incinerator, or recycling facility where compostability is irrelevant.\n\nNOTE \u2013 Refer to EN 13432:2006 and AS 4736:2000 for information on commercial and home compostability.\n\n7.5 Reduced packaging label\n\nCompanies should reduce the usage of materials in their packaging, e.g. reduction in thickness or weight, or eliminated unnecessary packaging.\n\nNOTE \u2013 In Singapore, the \"Logo for Products with Reduced Packaging\" (LPRP) in Figure 4 is a voluntary eco-label administered by the Packaging Partnership Programme that helps consumers identify products with reduced packaging. For more information about LPRP, visit the packaging partnership programme website.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nCouc3\n\nFigure 4 \u2013 Logo for Products with Reduced Packaging (LPRP)3\n\n# 7.6 Recycling label\n\n# 7.6.1 Recycling labelling scheme\n\nOn-pack recycling labelling schemes help consumers and companies to recycle correctly and support brand owners to design packaging that is recyclable at end-of-life. Overall, on-pack labels should provide clear and simple instructions about how to recycle and to increase and improve responsible consumer behaviour.\n\nInternationally, determining recyclability is complex. There is a range of factors that influence what is classified as recyclable or not recyclable, including a material\u2019s technical recyclability and whether it is recycled at scale (see Clause 6).\n\nNOTE \u2013 At present, there is no mandated or standardised recycling label stipulated for use in Singapore.\n\n# 7.6.2 Use of a recycling symbol label\n\nTo make a claim about the recyclability of consumer packaging, a company should verify the following:\n\n- The packaging item is accepted by a national recycling programme.\n- NOTE \u2013 NEA provides an updated list of materials and goods that are accepted for recycling in Singapore. Refer to 6.5.1.1 for more information on waste collection and management in Singapore.\n\nThe packaging is effectively sorted and sent to a recycler by the public waste collectors.\n- The packaging does not represent significant challenges for its recycling.\n\nSee 6.5.2 for more details on the recyclability of packaging.\n\nUpon verification, the brand owner can make use of the relevant labels to highlight the recyclability or non-recyclability of packaging.\n\n# 7.6.3 Design and content of the recycling label\n\nThe mobius loop is an internationally accepted and recognised symbol that denotes \u201crecyclability\u201d. Figure 5 shows examples of the mobius loop.\n\nFigure 5 \u2013 Examples of the mobius loop 4\n\n3 Reproduced with permission from About Logo for Products with Reduced Packaging (LPRP), Singapore Manufacturing Federation Packaging Partnership Programme, https://packaging-partnership.org.sg/logo-products-reduced-packaging-lprp/about-logo-products-reduced-packaging-lprp\n\n4 Reproduced with permission from ISO 14021:2017, Copyright \u00a9 2017, International Organization for Standardization, www.iso.org\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nA variation of the mobius loop which denotes \u201crecycled content\u201d has been suggested in other references. Due to the low level of recognition of this variation, this TR recommend to use an explanatory statement to clarify the meaning of the symbol.\n\nIdeally, a recycling evaluation is to be conducted on the whole packaging either for combined disposal or for each separable part that makes up the packaging, depending on the recycling technology available. Different recycling labels may be required for each separable part. At a minimum, companies should clearly label which part of the packaging is recyclable and which is not recyclable. Ideally, consumers should be educated about \u201crecycling right\u201d, i.e., practise \u201csource separation\u201d including putting different parts of a packaging into different waste streams (e.g. separating the plastic handles from paper bags and disposing of them separately).\n\n# Material identification codes\n\nArticle 8 of the European Union Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive 94/62/EC defines the marking and identification of packaging materials to facilitate the collection, re-use, recovery and recycling of packaging. Identifications codes, ranging from resin types, to wood, paper, textiles and metals are included. The application of these codes is voluntary.\n\nThese material identification codes are separate and distinct from the mobius loop. For examples, the SPI (Society of the Plastic Industry) resin identification code (RIC) is strictly intended to identify the resin used to make the plastic container for manufacturing and reprocessing purposes. This code does not indicate recyclability and should not be intended to be used as a consumer communication tool.\n\nGiven the similarity between the SPI RIC and the mobius loop, the SPI RIC should be used in ways that avoid implied recyclability claims. Recyclability or other environmental claims in close proximity should be avoided. To help ensure better differentiation between these two logos, be sure to use the latest designs as shown below.\n\n|Resin identification number|Resin|Resin identification code \u2013 Option A|Resin identification code \u2013 Option B|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|1|Poly (ethylene terephthalate)|1|01|\n|2|High density polyethylene|2|02|\n|3|Poly (vinyl chloride)|3|03|\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|Resin identification number|Resin|Resin identification code \u2013 Option A|Resin identification code \u2013 Option B|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|4|Low density polyethylene|4|04|\n|5|Polyethylene|5|05|\n|6|Polystyrene|6|06|\n|7|Other resins|7|07|\n\nFigure 6 \u2013 Resin identification codes\n\nThe design of the SPI and other material codes conform to the standards set by ASTM D7611.\n\nUltimately, the choice of the recycling labelling used by companies should be based on the level of recognition by local consumers.\n\n5 Reprinted, with permission, from ASTM D7611/D7611M-21 Standard Practice for Coding Plastic Manufactured Articles for Resin Identification, copyright ASTM International. A copy of the complete standard may be obtained from ASTM International, www.astm.org.\n\n43\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n# Annex A (informative)\n\nCollection for re-use or recycling\n\nA.1 Companies can opt to collect their packaging for re-use or recycling.\n\nA.2 Under an extended producer responsibility (EPR) scheme, companies are physically and/or financially responsible for the management of the product packaging at the EOL. Examples of EPR schemes include the return of deposit value on beverage containers or mandatory take-back of packaging from retailers.\n\nNOTE \u2013 In Singapore, there are plans for an EPR for packaging waste management to be implemented, starting with a beverage container return scheme.\n\nA.3 Packaging take-back schemes can be led by an individual company or by a group of companies or business associations.\n\nA.4 There are various reasons why some companies take on such packaging take-back arrangements voluntarily which includes the following:\n\n- Take-back of reusable packaging component for reuse in the production and sale of products e.g. beverage or beauty product bottles.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 97302, "end_char_idx": 106860, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "a1dcdaac-9783-47dc-a124-fbfd58ba5fd4": {"__data__": {"id_": "a1dcdaac-9783-47dc-a124-fbfd58ba5fd4", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "4a9991eb8d45cd741990aebb6830d764f91e40c512de977e4b156e32ad2981c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "d2c8c914-9885-4dcf-ae68-5e93bde98184", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "2b1a4d889173872525ece6e68a125f7da5902fb6ede70d64695c1b08c159b406", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "3": {"node_id": "e6ab407f-56ae-42d1-bb13-73d34a44cc73", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {}, "hash": "5a1a00977dd512466307d13be113407d84dfcd1c178ee0e18ad088cdc37f111d", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "beverage or beauty product bottles. Some companies recapture the value of their containers by reusing them after collection and cleaning.\n- Improved brand sentiment associated with being an environmentally responsible organisation collecting recyclables they put to market making recycling easy for their customers and building brand loyalty.\n- Better control over the treatment of post-consumer packaging materials hence strengthening the local recycling ecosystem.\n\nA.5 There are different types of collection schemes to facilitate the recovery of product packaging for re-use or recycling:\n\n- Collection upon delivery\n\nUpon delivery, the courier or delivery company unboxes or hands the goods to the consumer and takes back, all packaging materials (returnable or not). The packaging materials are aggregated in a facility. From there, packaging materials are collected for recycling by a waste collector or for re-use by the company.\n\nExamples of such operations include the following:\n\n- Delivery of large machinery: As an added-value service, the delivery company may collect the packaging waste and hand it over to a recycler.\n- Delivery of garment: If a retailer has its own delivery service, it can offer customers the option of trying on the garment immediately upon delivery and return it on the spot if not suitable (avoiding a future pick up from the household).\n\n44 COPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nCollection after delivery by pick up\n\nIt is usually applicable to reusable packaging (but not necessarily) where a logistic company comes back to the original delivery address to pick up packaging materials for re-use or recycling.\n\nExamples of such operations include:\n\n- Delivery of B2B or B2C products where products are delivered on a frequent basis, the recipient can store emptied packaging and return them to the logistic company at the next delivery. This can also be applied to food products such as used coffee capsules.\n\nMailing of packaging to a specific address (usually applicable for consumer product packaging)\n\nConsumers may post empty or reusable packaging to a specific address where it is collected for re-use or recycling.\n\nDropping off at specific locations (usually applicable for consumer product packaging)\n\nCompanies may offer consumers to return empty containers or used packaging at specific locations (such as retail store, reverse vending machines, drop off boxes, etc.).\n\n# Each collection schemes listed above will require planning involving:\n\n- collection workflow;\n- engagements with recipients and end-users, as well as logistics partners;\n- resources (assets, infrastructures, space availability, manpower and costs).\n\n# For each collection scheme, companies should ensure that:\n\n- their packaging is either correctly reusable (refer to 6.3), or recyclable (refer to 6.5 and 6.6) according to local conditions;\n- they implement suitable procedures and communication with relevant stakeholders to facilitate the collection of packaging materials (guidelines for developing a collection scheme are provided in 6.5.1.2);\n- they work with companies that can re-use or recycle packaging materials; and\n- they have a sufficient level of oversight of the operations of their collection mechanism and/or logistics partners.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n# Bibliography\n\n|AS 4736-2006|Biodegradable plastics \u2013 Biodegradable plastics suitable for composting and other microbial treatment|\n|---|---|\n|AS 5810-2010|Biodegradable plastics \u2013 Biodegradable plastics suitable for home composting|\n|ASTM D7611/D7611M-21|Standard practice for coding plastic manufactured articles for resin identification|\n|EN 13432:2000|Packaging \u2013 Requirements for packaging recoverable through composting and biodegradation \u2013 Test scheme and evaluation criteria for the final acceptance of packaging|\n|EN 14995|Plastics \u2013 Evaluation of compostability \u2013 Test scheme and specifications|\n|ISO 18601:2013|Packaging and the environment \u2013 General requirements for the use of ISO standards in the field of packaging and the environment|\n|ISO 18602:2013|Packaging and the environment \u2013 Optimization of the packaging system|\n|ISO 18603:2013|Packaging and the environment \u2013 Re-use|\n|ISO 18604:2013|Packaging and the environment \u2013 Material recycling|\n|ISO 18605:2013|Packaging and the environment \u2013 Energy recovery|\n|ISO 18606:2013|Packaging and the environment \u2013 Organic recycling|\n|SS ISO 14020:2017|Environmental labels and declarations \u2013 General principles|\n|SS ISO 14021:2017|Environmental labels and declarations \u2013 Self declared environmental claims (Type II environmental labelling|\n|SS ISO 14040:2017|Environmental management \u2013 Life cycle assessment \u2013 Principles and framework|\n|SS ISO 14044:2022|Environmental Management \u2013 Life cycle assessment \u2013 Requirement and guidelines|\n\n# Publications\n\nA Global Language for Packaging and Sustainability, A Framework and a Measurement System for our Industry, published by Consumer Goods Forum, in June 2010\nAbout Logo for Products wip Reduced Packaging, published in 2017 under pe Packaging Partnership Programme\nAlternative Materials Tool, initiative by World Wide Fund for Nature, 2020\nCanadian Standards Association \u201cEnvironmental Claims: A Guide for Industry and Advertisers\u201d, June 2008\nDelivering on Circularity, Feasibility Study for Reusable E-Commerce Packaging in Singapore, published in November 2021 by WWF Singapore\nDesign Guidelines for Sustainable Packaging, published in December 2006 by GreenBlue\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nDesign Smart Material Guide, No 7, Glass Packaging, published by Australian Packaging Covenant Organisation, in 2014\n\nFood Contact Materials by European Food Safety Agency (EFSA)\n\nGuidance on application of the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive\n\nGuidelines for Providing Product Sustainability Information, published in 2017 under the United Nations Environment Programme\n\nList of Items that are Recyclable and Not, published by National Environmental Agency\n\nNational Recycling Programme, published by National Environmental Agency\n\nPaper and Board Packaging Recyclability Guidelines, published in February 2019 by UK Confederation of Paper Industries\n\nPackaging Partnership Programme, 3R Guidebook for Packaging, A Guide to Help You Develop and Implement Packaging 3R Plans and Initiatives, published in September 2021\n\nPolyethylene Terephthalate (PET): A Comprehensive Review, by Omnexus\n\nRecyclability of Plastic Packaging, published in February 2019 by Cotrep\n\nSaving Energy in Packaging, published in 1991 by British Food Journal, Vol. 93 No. 3, pp. 19-22.\n\nSubmissions on Post-Consumer Recycled (PCR) Plastics for Food-Contact Articles, US Food & Drugs Administration (FDA)\n\nSustainable Packaging Coalition, \u201cEnvironmental Technical Briefs of Common Packaging Materials: Fiber-Based Materials\u201d, 2009\n\nSustainable Packaging Guidelines, Version 3, published in October 2020 by Australian Packaging Covenant Organisation\n\nToward Sustainable Express Deliveries for Online Shopping: Reusing Packaging Materials Through Reverse Logistics, Lai, Kuah, A. T. H., Kim, C. H., & Wong, K. H., published in 2022 by Thunderbird International Business Review\n\nTreatment Provider Scheme \u2013 Requirements for the Treatment Providers, edition 3 published in 2016 by National Park Board\n\nUK DEFRA Guidance \u2013 Make a Green Claim, December 2016\n\nGuide for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims (\u201cGreen Guides\u201d), 2012 by US Federal Trade Commission\n\nWeight Benchmarks for Common Consumer Product Packaging in Singapore, published in January 2020 by National Environment Agency\n\nWhat Is Packaging\u2019s Carbon Footprint? Discover How to Reduce It, published on 23 Mar 2021 by Essentra Packaging\n\nZero Waste Masterplan, published in 2019 by Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources\n\n47\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\nRegulations/Acts\nAustralia ACCC Green Marketing and pe Australian Consumer Law, 2011\nEU Compliance Criteria on Environmental Claims (Outcome of Multi-stakeholder Advice to Support pe Implementation/Application of pe Unfair Commercial Practices Directive 2005/29/EC)\nEuropean Commission Unfair Treatment: Policy Information\nEuropean Commission Single Market for Green Products Initiative\nISPM 15 Regulation of Wood Packaging Material in International Trade\nSingapore\u2019s Resource Sustainability Act 2019\n\nNOTE \u2013 The regulations and acts listed above are not exhaustive. Users of the TR will need to check with the relevant regulatory bodies on the latest regulatory and statutory requirements.\n\n48\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|To|Enterprise Singapore|\n|---|---|\n|E-mail|standards@enterprisesg.gov.sg|\n\n# Feedback Form\n\n|Type of comment|Clause/Subclause/Table/Figure|Proposed changes|Reasons for the changes|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|(GE \u2013 General; TE \u2013 Technical; ED \u2013 Editorial)|(e.g. 4.1, Table 2)|(Exact wording of recommended changes should be given.)| |\n\nSubmitted by:\n\n|Full Name| |\n|---|---|\n|Designation| |\n|Company| |\n|Company address| |\n|Contact no.| |\n|E-mail| |\n|Date of submission|_____________________________|\n\n49\n\nCOPYRIGHT\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore\nSingle user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\n# TR 109:2023\n\n# SINGAPORE STANDARDS COUNCIL\n\nThe Singapore Standards Council (SSC) facilitates the development, promotion and review of Standards and Technical References in Singapore. This work is done through partnerships with the industry, academia and government organisations, under the national standardisation programme overseen by Enterprise Singapore.\n\nVisit www.go.gov.sg/ssc for more information.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 106825, "end_char_idx": 116442, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}, "e6ab407f-56ae-42d1-bb13-73d34a44cc73": {"__data__": {"id_": "e6ab407f-56ae-42d1-bb13-73d34a44cc73", "embedding": null, "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "excluded_embed_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "excluded_llm_metadata_keys": ["file_name", "file_type", "file_size", "creation_date", "last_modified_date", "last_accessed_date"], "relationships": {"1": {"node_id": "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b", "node_type": "4", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "4a9991eb8d45cd741990aebb6830d764f91e40c512de977e4b156e32ad2981c4", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}, "2": {"node_id": "a1dcdaac-9783-47dc-a124-fbfd58ba5fd4", "node_type": "1", "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}, "hash": "a4d05e5392b93dbd8c4c025a105f7944c65a8dd7663fb8676f18187fc8d3cc0c", "class_name": "RelatedNodeInfo"}}, "text": "This work is done through partnerships with the industry, academia and government organisations, under the national standardisation programme overseen by Enterprise Singapore.\n\nVisit www.go.gov.sg/ssc for more information.\n\n# ENTERPRISE SINGAPORE\n\nEnterprise Singapore is the government agency championing enterprise development. We work with committed companies to build capabilities, innovate and internationalise.\n\nWe also support the growth of Singapore as a hub for global trading and startups, and build trust in Singapore\u2019s products and services through quality and standards.\n\nVisit www.enterprisesg.gov.sg for more information.\n\n# SINGAPORE STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL REFERENCES\n\nSingapore Standards (SSs) and Technical References (TRs) are in the form of specifications for materials, products, services and systems, codes of practice, requirements for interoperability, methods of test, management systems, guidelines, nomenclatures, etc.\n\nTRs are pre-SSs developed to address urgent industry demand and are issued for industry trials over a period of time. Comments received during this trial period are considered when a TR is reviewed. TRs can become SSs after the trial period, continue as TRs for further industry trials or be withdrawn.\n\nTo ensure adequate viewpoints are considered in the development and review of SSs and TRs, committees and working groups set up by the Standards Council consist of representatives from various key stakeholders which include industry associations, professional bodies, academia, government agencies and companies. SSs are also put up for public comment before publication.\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n# Acknowledgements\n\nThe content of this Technical Reference was approved on 15 May 2023 by the Environment and Resources Standards Committee (ERSC) under the purview of the Singapore Standards Council.\n\nFirst published, 2023\n\n|Name|Representation|\n|---|---|\n|Chair|Mr Wim Roels - Individual Capacity|\n|Deputy Chair|Mr Dalson Chung - National Environment Agency|\n|Advisor|Prof Reginald Tan - Individual Capacity|\n|Secretary|Ms Elane Ng - Standards Development Organisation @ Singapore Chemical Industry Council|\n|Members|Dr Adil Dhalla - Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute|\n| |Dr Chiam Sing Yang - Agency for Science, Technology and Research|\n| |Assoc Prof Winston Chow - Singapore Management University|\n| |Mr Foo Cexiang - Ministry of Transport|\n| |Mr Michael Ho - Waste Management and Recycling Association of Singapore|\n| |Ms Jayati Shukla - Surbana Jurong|\n| |Ms Kavita Gandhi - Sustainable Energy Association of Singapore|\n| |Mr Terence Koh - Singapore Chemical Industry Council|\n| |Mr Lim Yeow Keong - Sembcorp Utilities|\n| |Mr Jasbir Nanda - Unilever Asia Ltd|\n| |Dr Pang Chee Meng - PUB, Singapore\u2019s National Water Agency|\n| |Dr Thomas Reindl - Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore|\n| |Mr Steve Seah - SP Group|\n| |Ms Yvonne Soh - Singapore Green Building Council|\n| |Mr Tan Li Khiam - ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Pte Ltd|\n| |Ms Jen Teo - Singapore Environment Council|\n| |Mr Toh Eng Shyan - Building and Construction Authority|\n| |Ms Rose Tong - Singapore Retailers Association|\n| |Mr Wang Weixiang - Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment|\n| |Mr Simon Yeo - Ernst and Young LLP|\n| |Mr Yeoh Choon Jin - Enterprise Singapore|\n|Co-opted Member|Asst. Prof Paul Liu Wen - Individual Capacity|\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n|Name|Representation|\n|---|---|\n|Chair|Mr Dalson Chung - Individual Capacity|\n|Deputy Chair|Ms Melissa Tan - Individual Capacity|\n|Secretary|Mr Samuel Yeo - Standards Development Organisation @ Singapore Chemical Industry Council|\n|Members|Mr Marc Allen - Individual Capacity|\n| |Ms Chan Vun Ching - Building and Construction Authority|\n| |Mr Thomas Chhoa - Alliance to End Plastic Waste|\n| |Ms Mia Sara Choo - A*Star, Urban Green Tech Horizontal Technology Programme Office|\n| |Mr Paul Fong - Singapore Chemical Industry Council|\n| |Mr Colin Goh - National Environment Agency|\n| |Mr Jidesh Kambil - Singapore Green Building Council|\n| |Dr Adrian Kuah - Individual Capacity|\n| |Mr Walter Leong - Singapore Environment Council|\n| |Asst Prof Grzegorz Lisak - Nanyang Technological University, Singapore|\n| |Ms Jade Loh - Plaspulp Union Pte Ltd|\n| |Mr Jasbir Nanda - Unilever Asia Ltd|\n| |Mr Ong Chong Ren - National Parks Board|\n| |Prof Seeram Ramakrishna - National University of Singapore|\n| |Mr Matt Stanelos - Individual Capacity|\n| |Mr Sean Tay - Zenith Engineering|\n| |Mr Teoh Soon Kay* - National Environment Agency|\n| |Mr Venkatesha Murthy - Vans Chemistry Pte Ltd|\n| |Mr William Wong^ - Singapore Environment Council|\n\n* Participated until October 2022\n\n^ Participated until September 2022\n\n# The Technical Committee set up the Working Group on Sustainable Packaging to prepare this document. The Working Group consists of the following experts who contributed in their individual capacity:\n\n|Name|\n|---|\n|Convenor|Ms Allison Lim|\n|Secretaries|Ms Lorelle Ang|\n| |Ms Wendy Chai|\n| |Ms Valerie Tan|\n|Members|Mr Amirul Adli Bin Zulkifli|\n| |Mr Remi Cesaro|\n| |Ms Michelle Cheng+|\n| |Ms Phyllis Chua|\n---\n# TR 109:2023\n\n# Members:\n\nMr Simon Eng\nMr Gaurav Gupta*\nMs Anne Ho\nMr Joerg Kullwitz\nMr Gideon Lam\nMs Michelle Lee\nMs Su Anne Lee^\nMr Lim Kai Kiong\nMr Nadeen Musawwir\nMr Neo Puay Keong Marcus\nMr Jovan Tan\nMs Terrynz Tan\nMs Samanpa Thian\nDr Zhang Dan Qing\n\n* Participated until February 2022\n\n^ Participated until January 2022\n\n+ Participated until November 2022\n\n# Organisations:\n\n- Alba W&H Smart City Pte Ltd\n- Alliance to End Plastic Waste\n- Borouge Pte Ltd\n- Dell Global B.V. (Singapore)\n- Havi Global Solutions\n- Johnson and Johnson Pte Ltd\n- Lazada Singapore Pte Ltd\n- Miraclon Singapore Limited\n- National Environment Agency\n- Novartis Singapore Pte Ltd\n- Omni-Plus System Pte Ltd\n- Procter & Gamble Singapore\n- Shalom Movers Pte Ltd\n- Singapore Environment Council\n- Singapore Manufacturing Federation (Packaging Partnership Programme)\n- Singapore Post Ltd\n- Tetra Pak South East Asia Pte Ltd\n- TRIA Pte Ltd\n- T\u00dcV S\u00dcD Asia Pacific Pte Ltd\n- Zero Waste City\n---\nLicensed to Mr Jovan Tan, Member, WG on Sustainable packaging, compliments of Enterprise Singapore Single user licence only, no reproduction or circulation. Copying and networking prohibited.\n\nThe Singapore Standards Council facilitates the development, promotion and review of standards for enterprise growth under the national standardisation programme overseen by Enterprise Singapore.\n\nwww.enterprisesg.gov.sg/standards", "mimetype": "text/plain", "start_char_idx": 116220, "end_char_idx": 122707, "text_template": "{metadata_str}\n\n{content}", "metadata_template": "{key}: {value}", "metadata_seperator": "\n", "class_name": "TextNode"}, "__type__": "1"}}, "docstore/ref_doc_info": {"53d99eff-9480-44b6-b3da-60534ef6ce18": {"node_ids": ["a3c26284-67c9-40a2-aca1-195c66f5ed3b"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Bottle Refund Scheme/Beverage Refund Scheme.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Bottle Refund Scheme/Beverage Refund Scheme.pdf"}}, "e8e7ee28-783f-4a68-b39d-cfbe0cad2de8": {"node_ids": ["4b6e6913-3a74-46e5-93c0-fc960b1c029e", "8438e420-d1ae-486d-aa3e-1b5845afe94b"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Bottle Refund Scheme/TRIA Closed-loop Solution.docx"}}, "5185e54d-7ffa-4e04-afe7-8409245378be": {"node_ids": ["203991ea-aba5-4fba-b64c-3ce587ad56fe"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV - Ardhelia Artanti.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV - Ardhelia Artanti.pdf"}}, "c4ca4a43-3a7b-43d0-a6c8-22884bddd92e": {"node_ids": ["656a90d5-7ee7-4208-a427-e93827afc069"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV David Christian Tasin.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV David Christian Tasin.pdf"}}, "4d6a81d6-4f4e-4fd7-b5ae-311c3750e702": {"node_ids": ["8906902c-cbc4-454c-b099-9d7d6c35377e"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV ELSA MULYANI.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV ELSA MULYANI.pdf"}}, "b1013417-c08b-4341-8872-fd8998b239e9": {"node_ids": ["4b10db88-e5a4-490a-9b71-86bc3af4ece0"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV Made Anggi Edita.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV Made Anggi Edita.pdf"}}, "f4967ceb-b832-48f7-afcd-168107aee7b1": {"node_ids": ["efc003b2-8c76-4b94-aeb5-e14df213138c", "b77919e0-eec5-482e-b687-bbce4ae98a3a"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV_Farizal-Kamal_new3.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/CV_Farizal-Kamal_new3.pdf"}}, "3ac040e6-7401-4279-80ad-8cdcefe57c27": {"node_ids": ["2b04b3b9-bbd3-4ac6-93a6-547d91e7303c"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume - Nadia P. Endriesta - 2024.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume - Nadia P. Endriesta - 2024.pdf"}}, "892a2ce5-1dad-4756-97e4-eef3dbba7eb0": {"node_ids": ["f0603697-7239-485d-a787-4484abe3a8ef", "4566c459-0c09-4c13-bb8f-4e6b45faa2fe"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume D.N.Chaturvedi.docx"}}, "d7cc1752-cecd-4dd5-bfcc-1cea22bd95cd": {"node_ids": ["421bdc8b-6dba-4115-91ef-52d3ce3004a3"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume of Anisah Qory Fakhirah.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Candidates/Resume of Anisah Qory Fakhirah.pdf"}}, "aff0e391-ace2-4cbb-ac7a-1de1f9d9c451": {"node_ids": ["c21ed19c-da94-474d-a81d-5c3dca1003aa"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Certificates/TRIA Aqueous Coated Paper DIN CERTCO Biobased Cert..pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Certificates/TRIA Aqueous Coated Paper DIN CERTCO Biobased Cert..pdf"}}, "6727c27d-1572-41b3-bc44-38259be3a774": {"node_ids": ["2af0f75f-e5f3-4fae-9f29-41bae9949bff"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Certificates/TRIA NEUTRIA\u00ae Molding Types DIN CERTCO Biobased Cert..pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Certificates/TRIA NEUTRIA\u00ae Molding Types DIN CERTCO Biobased Cert..pdf"}}, "73cc1bb3-dfaa-4266-8bc3-57097f56af1d": {"node_ids": ["3c28d204-6963-4733-9647-dc97a05689ed", "f9810544-3c78-423b-89ca-2cfc88beeace", "17da159c-3ce3-4910-a1f5-44282bfa8c16", "9eb20c0d-b7ec-472c-bf72-ce2daef7c864", "e87f76d4-d8c9-43fa-9d77-6b65dd7e29ce", "a399470b-eb05-44af-99fe-f7e38c3caecd", "a3f0211f-ac45-4eb6-8f16-bb41dcd12eb8"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/Eurostars_Guide_2023_Catalyze.pdf"}}, "09912e01-425d-47c8-a3eb-751034e18d0c": {"node_ids": ["44cee3ec-3421-4a4e-bf33-cef03b55a6da", "947f049c-76c2-4eb8-a548-6bd17ffc49a6", "29e5a730-7783-4e13-98c8-b9b82ad9bf54", "dd1a7215-2f76-43df-9e7e-6e891fb91964", "9c56f5d7-f81e-4c6b-b4a1-20e4bce63cc4", "5b812df0-f254-444f-aa9f-4009970d677c"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Eureka/YARA Subsidaries.pdf"}}, "574cc19a-ba7a-4a87-b164-960470c006a2": {"node_ids": ["6bd7ff33-94a7-46b3-85fc-54c227301aea", "4ca9ea4b-6f18-42a7-b7b3-73d7caca9cc8"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Call Box Proposal.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Call Box Proposal.pdf"}}, "2f6c3bb9-5b44-4989-90e9-a8b3179abb9b": {"node_ids": ["f1e12447-88d8-42c4-b3c3-b886f644d8bd"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Meeting with Martel Group.docx"}}, "29807e15-16c2-4a88-8ae5-185dd9b313b3": {"node_ids": ["51127064-c4a7-4a8a-8505-f5033d6defe0", "c0672079-149c-40df-9490-f6c7e679e93c", "b44a4582-fcfa-4486-aa1d-ef598cbae369"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}}, "f3db79cc-b28c-489b-a142-e4b775c11c5b": {"node_ids": ["298f25b5-df2f-4950-ae37-6b1fc128c027", "9677b70e-2e4e-4981-9c3a-82a48365ebe8"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/SalesAR_ All offers presentation.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Lead Generation Companies/SalesAR_ All offers presentation.pdf"}}, "b1875299-0eac-426d-bfe7-2f1bdd7811be": {"node_ids": ["5efc76b5-9446-427a-b103-14715bc40dcc", "c853f933-d581-4852-b240-3b765a56dc00", "d5d042ec-42fd-4605-b20c-b4ad96cc8d89", "fd5173ae-7079-4408-851c-e0d8858eea8d"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_ TRIA inputs.pdf"}}, "5e350943-ee49-4df7-9e27-217636626bec": {"node_ids": ["726d7911-8760-45db-b1f0-61969a95b408", "3e05e100-dee0-42fa-972f-c7b4c90b7d65", "a0bb1b82-a7b6-4094-9f19-adf858b863da", "f608f2a3-c509-47c7-993f-7af25d9a95be"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/NEA Guidelines/DRAFT_Guidance on Biodegradable Plastics in Singapore v3_.pdf"}}, "d491fbe5-bfc6-43bc-ae1f-c403b708337e": {"node_ids": ["1341bd03-98d2-4c65-855c-47eec6c7bf4f"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/Patent Registration in Malaysia.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/Patent Registration in Malaysia.pdf"}}, "a6285654-5b02-4c30-9512-98a021a7af95": {"node_ids": ["e3f7bd08-56a2-4bd9-9d14-9444fb4476b6"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/SPSA Booklet - The Soup Spoon\u2122 Takeaway & Delivery Packaging (TRIA Pte Ltd).docx"}}, "e0f6fbe3-f5dc-4163-a4ab-8320071c49db": {"node_ids": ["68838477-935f-466b-9c87-3e909edcd94d"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/TRIA V-Pouch for Pizza Hut Melts_SPSA 2024.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/TRIA V-Pouch for Pizza Hut Melts_SPSA 2024.pdf"}}, "2b0bc3a2-0f1a-4ffb-b917-4a77caa55357": {"node_ids": ["d6e642eb-dcf9-4bbf-a35c-c8d1ab7e0ce4"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/Winners List - Singapore Packaging Star Awards 2022.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Packaging Star Awards/Winners List - Singapore Packaging Star Awards 2022.pdf"}}, "0ca327e6-c1ed-4bed-b9a4-3af6a8b697e4": {"node_ids": ["ece2bdc4-45a5-4dde-a857-79ce459094c4"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Pizzahood/TRIA Pizzahood - Love Pizza not Plastic.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Pizzahood/TRIA Pizzahood - Love Pizza not Plastic.pdf"}}, "5be3cf7e-d5a7-4e66-8218-835015493b14": {"node_ids": ["23011792-6904-433f-befb-362d6d557eb0"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Flora Packaging Research_JR.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Flora Packaging Research_JR.pdf"}}, "7d18a5d9-f778-4dc7-b8a9-732c34558f21": {"node_ids": ["1a66fb1b-a184-463f-8d77-0d5751e50e3a", "be50a3c4-1832-43ef-a5cc-f73d5aca8080", "ddc6346e-fcf0-492f-8ca8-55497527dd60"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/Pizzahood Sales Hunting Playbook.docx"}}, "5c15862a-95e0-40ef-bdee-d01af341c78f": {"node_ids": ["9bbac132-9124-45a8-b52a-d946db8a5d06", "54b0313d-a70d-4b56-bd0b-6a92c81041c5", "cd563902-254b-46a0-b0e7-fcb1e56a19c2", "2a818b39-1082-41a4-9346-9362c611f298", "74e8ede2-5286-4dd6-b3ac-1a16f452e5a0", "037c672c-a214-4f8f-ac4d-57e0bcb008da", "be15fd6d-49b3-48d1-a514-8bf1e2a371ff", "2712582a-92f1-4000-a95a-abd2f5bbd97e", "a97efe1b-4f5e-4c2f-b460-e71a2236e8d4", "57881336-f839-4e44-9fdd-95cbe84e367f", "a33461ae-75ff-4532-ab83-b37457d63c18", "b312cb3a-b226-43d6-9a00-987b4917f87a", "ea95dcf1-784d-4893-b424-6bca00bd8d9f"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/TR 109-2023 Sustainable Packaging Guiding Framework and Practices.pdf"}}, "8a4e7d42-38a8-4768-9fef-8e8f663ffe28": {"node_ids": ["6b42afc7-4181-4785-ab43-f4bb09fc9bb9", "801568cd-3b2b-4108-922b-caea0ed2d363", "ee453ad7-30b5-464d-ad07-535141acfab7"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/transparent-bin-pilot.pdf"}}, "809e521c-f244-48da-a773-a6403280dff4": {"node_ids": ["efce897c-19f3-48e3-a3ef-297ad13637df", "04b694ab-5732-4a0f-8720-2936bf2007b0"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/white-paper-paper-bottles.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Research/white-paper-paper-bottles.pdf"}}, "ee236a94-b745-4e5e-822a-3aea84859e2d": {"node_ids": ["b9d65d34-dba7-403f-b8dc-31251745e9e1"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/2023-SICC-Awards-Nomination-Form_ToBeSubmittedv2.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/2023-SICC-Awards-Nomination-Form_ToBeSubmittedv2.pdf"}}, "0179a61b-8917-4e8b-a7c9-3921eae2616a": {"node_ids": ["84f1380e-6ee2-434a-b5d4-ec5d5b0c8b2c"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/KFC TRIA Yara - World\u2019s First Circular System for Food Packaging and Food Waste (1 Aug 2023).pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/KFC TRIA Yara - World\u2019s First Circular System for Food Packaging and Food Waste (1 Aug 2023).pdf"}}, "4417dfb7-cf42-46a0-aaf4-47e21865c19b": {"node_ids": ["45048ae2-7b7c-4bbe-8d2c-0e03d62560ed"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/TRIA_KFC_YARA SICC Award Nomination Form.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/SICC Award/TRIA_KFC_YARA SICC Award Nomination Form.pdf"}}, "48a0100c-7bba-4f0f-88fe-a012e2e5c83b": {"node_ids": ["63ca5478-034b-437f-939f-4c04fb174cb7", "dc30fdd2-978c-492a-b9c0-ffbbedb755bc", "46ceae09-a108-4415-970a-58eabe1c6e65", "bb07f394-2a9c-44fb-8be8-724c1d91e8a6", "948f9f83-3ff1-4b79-b5f2-e9b533478138", "865c9a9c-cc9f-4c1a-a7ee-d4794292ef50", "663055d9-883c-49a1-8278-74cbab4cd280", "c9ddfdcf-fffc-493a-bfeb-1259131aaa11", "fda16941-587f-4bf8-b025-e87fefd41b70", "6cb8a292-8c4e-4883-8dcd-d4e041d21e4c", "d2c8c914-9885-4dcf-ae68-5e93bde98184", "a1dcdaac-9783-47dc-a124-fbfd58ba5fd4", "e6ab407f-56ae-42d1-bb13-73d34a44cc73"], "metadata": {"file_name": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf", "file_path": "/Users/samsonlee/Documents/sj_v_mai/data/Technical Reference/TR 109-2023.pdf"}}}}