, REMEMBERING : MALAY ( Sejarah , Ingat Kenang : Teroka Memori Budaya Tradisi Historiografi Sair Melayu ) Kartini bte Anwarkartini.anwar@nie.edu.sgNational , Nanyang , Singapore . abstractthis discusses Malay poems , syair Riau , poems . syair , Syair Kisah Engku Puter Syair Mahmud Lingga , characters Riau  Engku Puter Hamidah Mahmud Muzaffar  focused . characters Tuhfat al-nafis . , poems events wars , travels , deaths marriages , figures events recorded . Using poems , shows writers syair memories . , captured Tuhfat al-nafis . Keywords : poems , , , , Syair Kisah Engku Puter , Syair Mahmud Lingga1 abstrakmakalah bicara sair Melayu khusus syair Riau jenis syair sejarah . Teliti tumpu Syair Kisah Engku Puter Syair Mahmud Lingga libat tokoh istana Riau , Engku Puter Hamidah Mahmud Muzaffar Syah . Kisah tokoh sebut teks historiografi Tuhfat al-nafis . umum , syair sejarah kisah peristiwa peperangan , layar , mati , perkahwinan naratif tokoh tentu sejarah tuju peristiwa dirakam . konsep memori budaya teroka syair sejarah ingat , makalah arang syair ingat peribadi karya . Hal suatu pelihara simpan kenang peribadi kemudian hasil kenang kolektif lalu bentuk pandang khalayak fragmen sejarah lalu ungkap naratif Tuhfat al-nafis . kunci : syair sejarah , kenang peribadi , kenang kolektif , memori budaya , Syair Kisah Engku Puter , Syair Mahmud linggaintroductionthe Arab-Persian Islamic Malay syair Malay . Hamzah Fansuri pioneered syair Malay , using ( Muhammad Naguib , 1968 ) . Syair matters , , . , syair prescribed . metre syair attracted listeners conveyed remembered . elements (  , 2002 ) . , audiences . furthered copying efforts resulted syair numbers , 19th . 2 SYAIR narrativesamong Arabs , narrated poems . existed pre-islamic Islamic . . Poems listeners ( ) readers ( ) . Rosenthal ( 1962 ) explains texts follows : constituted stories verses lustre events stories . pre-islamic Arabia . points commended Muslim historians modifications . Muslim . Rosenthal  syair has features . shows abilities writers elements using . , REMEMBERING memoryin , discussions studies disciplines . discussions studies French , Halbwachs , ( m moire ) , . Halbwachs  proposes dimensions , ( ) depends ; ( ii ) exists generations , exists traditions , ( iii ) . Halbwachs adds groups , identities .   remembered . , ,  . Erll ( 2011 ) states terms  remembering    . Remembering arranging reproduced 3 .   , requires places remembering . transmitted . transmitted , , . , disseminating ,   ;   . has Assmann , has developed ( Erll & Nunning , 2008 ) . Assmann , refers   contains texts , narratives , images , practices forms , including . collections referred sharing [ ] . forms , . , transmitted . . existing texts ( Erll & Rigney , 2006 ; Erll , 2011 ) . syair elements ,  transmitted . Syair elements . Events well-known events . , witnessed . themes , , . syair oralized emphasizes Malay . Producing syair , shows syair stored reproduced ( Matheson , 1987 ) . Syair edited reached hands . syair transmitted emotions . syair writers involving figures introduced syair . 4 Referring syair artefacts , takes , , , . syair . ties . forms , . texts , manuscripts , copies , transmitted . Riau-Lingga , syair courtiers . 19th , syair compiled ( Hassan , 1987 & 1995 ) . syair greatest events Riau-Lingga : Syair Perang Johor [ Syair Johor ] , Syair Kisah Engku Puter [ Syair Engku Puter  ] , Syair Mahmud Lingga [ Syair Mahmud Lingga ] , Syair Perkahwinan Tik [ Syair Tik ] others . purposes , syair , , Syair Kisah Engku Puter Syair Mahmud Lingga . writers poems recorded memories events . , figures , Engku Puter Mahmud Muzaffar Syah ( Mahmud Lingga ) Malay-Buginese , mentioned Tuhfat al-nafis , .  Syair Kisah Engku Puter ( ) Haji , Hamidah , referred Engku Puter syair . syair talks events Engku Puter Pulau Sengat ( Sengat ) Lingga Islamic Ramadan 1246H ( 1831 ) , Islamic al-hijjah . tells Engku Puter undertakes Pulau Sengat Lingga , Jaafar , . Jaafar recovers , , 5 , marries Aisyah ( Tengku ) , Rahman , Lingga . , accompanied Engku Puter , witnessed events . states composing syair  suka hati  [ ] ( . 2 ) remembering . :  Sebab karang suatu madah / hati terlalu gundah / Kenang / cucur tunduk terngadah  [ / troubled / remembering has passed / tears ] ( . 5 ) . , strengthens  Buginese Engku Puter played Riau-Lingga . traced Daeng Cellak Daeng Raka ( Tuan Muda ) . Daeng Marewah ( Buginese brothers ) Tuan Muda ( ) Sulaiman defeating ( Andaya , 1975 , . 314 ) . children Daeng Cellak Haji , became Tuan Muda . Haji children , Hamidah ( Engku Puter ) , became Mahmud Syah III ; Jaafar , became Tuan Muda ; . youngest Haji  July 1778 . Haji died Teluk 1784 , . siblings Mahmud Syah III , Haji Haji passed . Mahmud Syah III Engku Puter 1804 Pulau Sengat . Pulau Sengat announced Haji  descendants . legitimized Buginese districts . events awarding Pulau Sengat Engku Puter recorded Tuhfat al-nafis ( Matheson , 1991 , . 480 ) . , introduces Engku Puter  Mahmud punya isteri / Johor  [ Mahmud / districts Johor ] ( . 8 . refers Engku Puter terms baginda [ ( ) ] , bangsawan [ ] , ratu [ ] , showcases abilities Engku Puter ,  tawar jadi  6 [ offered ] ( . 21 ) . receiving , Jaafar , , Engku Puter decides Lingga Riau Rahman ( Mahmud Syah III Engku Puter  ) . Engku Puter refers Mahkota [ ] makes efforts  plans ( . 32 ) . stanzas , records sabda [ ] Engku Puter reminds relatives Buginese Upu : Hendak ingat situwahai sekelian cucu upusumpah setia janji terpakubarang mungkir binasa tentu [ thereo descendants uputhat existswoe breaches ] ( . 36 ) tries Buginese Upu Riau-Lingga . Buginese Malay aristocrats Buginese Malay kingdoms , Tuan Muda . Engku Puter Lingga accompanied . Engku Puter arrives Lingga meets Jaafar , feels  belas kasihan  [ ] ( . 135 ) . tells Engku Puter sits Jaafar  rasa kepala gosok / laku menang tolok  [ feels rubs / tears ] ( . 137 ) . Engku Puter has Jaafar . spends pelihara [ caring ]  sapu ubat  [ medicines ] Jaafar  jalan sana mari  [ ] Jaafar  improves . ( . 140 ) . recorded Tuhfat al-nafis ( Matheson , 1991 , . 564 ) . Engku Puter Mahmud Syah III makes respected children 7 grandchildren . Lingga , ( . 157 - 167 ) . orders pageboys Mahmud Syah  . Engku Puter organizes kenduri tahlil [ ] honour . draws Engku Puter  qualities . Engku Puter orders wishes . makes preparations fulfilment Jaafar recovers ( . 187 - 188 ) . Engku Puter treats  doctors , sheikhs dukun [ shamans ] helped Jaafar  . provides , . shows , ladies-in-waiting , warriors helped organizing fulfilling Jaafar  . three-month Lingga , Engku Puter depicted , feasts . attributes Engku Puter  , Haji Fisabilillah , Tuan Muda ( . 194 - 195 ) . , uses . ENGKU PUTER RIAU-LINGGA Engku Puter Mahmud Syah III , women Riau . . Mahmud Syah III , Engku Puter died children ( Begbie , 1967 , . 275 ) . Mahmud Syah III , Engku Puter witnessed Buginese Jaafar descendants Mahmud Syah III , Malays . Jaafar Tengku Rahman , Mahmud Syah III  , Lingga . , , Tengku Hussein ( Tengku ) . Tengku  Pahang , Jaafar Tengku Rahman Lingga . sanctioned Engku Puter . angered actions Jaafar believed Johor ( Buyong , 1971 , . 161 ) . 8 Jaafar Tengku Rahman Engku Puter  ,  purbakala jikalau Johor bum lahir nama Johor  [ ancients , Johor Johor ] . Rahman Jaafar resided Riau . resented , . , Rahman exiled Terengganu ( Matheson , 1991 , . 516 ) . Urged British , Hussein , British 50 000 Spanish dollars . Engku Puter ; suggested Malay traditions . Hussein ( Tengku ) Singapore handing Johor-Riau Engku Hamidah Rahman has Riau ( Hassan , 2002 ) . Engku Puter Jaafar , Rahman Syah Hussein , relations . traced parts Riau-Lingga Mahmud Syah III . presenting Engku Puter syair , Engku Puter Riau-Lingga powers , Malay Buginese .  MEMORIES Syair Mahmud Lingga ( SSML ) Encik Kamariah , Lingga . tells Mahmud Muzaffar Syah , , Tengku Fatimah , Muhammad Yusuf , Ali . , tells Mahmud  , Mahmud  journeys Singapore Terengganu , palaces Lingga . events syair 1845 1857 . events recorded Tuhfat al-nafis ( Matheson , 1991 , pp . 613 - 618 ) . 9 focused syair Mahmud Muzaffar Syah . Muhammad Syah ( Marhum Keratun ) , Rahman ( Marhum Bukit Cengkih ) great-grandson Mahmud Syah III ( Engku Puter ) . Mahmud Muzaffar Syah , Maimunah , Hussein ( Tengku ) . Mahmud Muzaffar Syah proclaimed 14 years ascended 1841 , 18 . passed , Pahang , 1864 , 41 . syair uses Riau-Lingga Mahmud Muzaffar Syah ( 1841 - 1857 ) Tuan Muda ( Rahman [ 1831 - 1844 ] Ali [ 1845 - 1857 ] ) . British Malay Malay rulers . groups aristocrats , aligned Tuan Tuan Muda , areas , encompassed Johor , Riau , Lingga , Pahang , Singapore Karimun islands . Hassan ( 1995 , pp . 56 - 57 ) Mahmud Muzaffar Syah : tokoh kontroversi sejarah Riau kemuncak konflik , turun takhta 1857 . . . Mahmud selalu berangkat suka . sahabat Parsi Cursetjee damping gera Kristian gelar . [ Riau , dethroned 1857 . . . Mahmud Singapore . befriended Parsi ( Parsee ) Cursetjee , became ] . feels SSML , Encik Kamariah , writes Mahmud Muzaffar Syah , Tuhfat al-nafis ( Matheson , 1991 , pp . 617 - 618 ) . Tuhfat al-nafis , Mahmud Muzaffar Syah described 10 Buginese Tuan Muda . Terengganu Singapore . Encik Kamariah tells Mahmud Muzaffar Syah Tuan Muda Ali Lingga Mahmud . syair . Encik Kamariah states SSML sempurna [ . , , : ] cinta [ ] . shows recalled memories Mahmud Muzaffar Syah . compiled memories witnessed events describes buat dusta [ ] . stanzas : Dengar suatu rencanadikarang dagang hinasajaknya janggal tak kenakerana hati sempurna sangat kalbu bercintadikarang syair mahkotafakir buat dustasah pandang [ gentlement compositioncomposed , beggarit lackingfrom springs . sufferingcomes kingthis liesall has witnessed eyes ] ( Nikmah & Muhammad , 1992 , . 7 ) events syair memories has others . , uses phrases  empunya nazam  [   ] ,  / sekadar dengar khabar 11  [  / repeats reports descriptions  ] ,  buat dusta / pandang dengan  [  lies / eyes  ] ,  demikian konon khabarnya / hamba sekadar arang  [  has reported / records  ] . MAHMUD MUZAFFAR SYAH riau-linggathe Mahmud Muzaffar Syah traced Mahmud Syah III , Johor , Pahang Riau-Lingga . Mahmud Syah III Engku Hamidah . Pulau Sengat Engku Hamidah Tuan Muda Riau . Mahmud III Lingga . appointed Ali Tuan Muda . Ali passed , Mahmud appointed Jaafar ( Engku Puter  ) Tuan Muda . Jaafar , , , resided Selangor , Kota Rentang Pulau Sengat Riau , children Riau . 1812 , Mahmud Syah III  Lingga , Jaafar Tengku Rahman Lingga , Rahman Muazzam Syah . Tengku Hussein ( Tengku ) , , appointed Singapore British , using Hussein Syah , 1819 . began Johor encompassed Johor , Riau , Lingga , Singapore , Pahang islands . machinations colonizers caused Rahman Muazzam Syah Johor , Riau-Lingga Pahang ( 1812 - 1819 ) , Riau-Lingga . , Rahman Muazzam Syah exiled Terengganu , Tengku Muhammad , 1821 . , Rahman , Terengganu , Tengku Muhammad  , Tengku Teh . Rahman Muazzam Syah passed , 1822 . Tengku Muhammad , Tengku 12 Mahmud , 1823 . , Rahman invited Lingga . Lingga , . , Rahman Muazzam Syah inclined affairs affairs Tuan Muda , Jaafar . Jaafar passed Lingga 1831 , appointing , Rahman Muazzam Syah passed Lingga 1832 . , Tengku Muhammad , proclaimed Muhammad Syah ( Riau-Lingga ) . Muhammad Syah resided Lingga , Tengku Mahmud . 1833 , Muhammad Syah appointed Rahman ( Jaafar ) Tuan Muda Riau . 1834 , Muhammad Syah proclaimed , Tengku Mahmud , 11 years , Mahmud Muzaffar Syah . Muhammad Syah acted  . 1837 , Muhammad Syah Mahmud Muzaffar Syah , Hussein Syah , named Maimunah . families Rahman Lingga Hussein Syah Singapore . Muhammad Syah passed Lingga 1841 , Mahmud Muzaffar Syah affairs 18 . Riau-Lingga , Mahmud Muzaffar Syah ruled , impeded Tuan Muda Riau . required Lingga , affairs Tuan Muda , Rahman , stationed Lingga . , Rahman Pulau Sengat , Ali , , Ali Haji , Lingga Mahmud Muzaffar Syah administering ( Matheson , 1991 , pp . 591 - 596 ) . Mahmud Muzaffar Syah visited areas Riau-Lingga , Singapore , sanctioned . Rahman , Tuan Muda , Mahmud Muzaffar Syah Singapore connections Singapore . , , traditions . 13 began Mahmud Muzaffar Syah Tuan Muda , Rahman , . Rahman , Riau requested Mahmud Muzaffar Syah . Mahmud delayed confer aristocrats Pulau Sengat . Mahmud suggested candidates : Ali ( Rahman ) , Haji ( Rahman  ) Idris ( Rahman  ) . candidates , Mahmud Muzaffar Syah Singapore . Mahmud Muzaffar Syah  . Ali passed 1857 , urged Mahmud Muzaffar Syah Tuan Muda . Mahmud Muzaffar Syah Muhammad Yusuf ( Ali , Mahmud  son-in-law ) Tuan Muda . , Riau , , Haji ( Engku Kelana ) , Ali , Tuan Muda . announcing , Mahmud Muzaffar Syah Terengganu Lingga . Mahmud Muzaffar Syah  Tengku Muda , Tuan Muda Umar Terengganu . . , 1857 , Mahmud Muzaffar Syah dethroned Riau-Lingga Indian . Mahmud Muzaffar Syah instructions Riau-Lingga . dethroned , Mahmud Muzaffar Syah Singapore Pahang . asked Pahang Terengganu , , , relations , . , . attempted Siamese . Mahmud Muzaffar Syah died , Pahang , 1864 . Riau 1861 , Elisa Netscher visited Riau held meetings Mahmud Muzaffar Syah years 1849 1857 . Netscher Mahmud lacked . Europeans Parsi ( Parsee ) named 14 Cursetjee . duped  things pleasures . Netscher   persuading Mahmud functioning towed Lingga . influenced tastes Mahmud aspired lifestyle , european-style carriages ( Matheson , 1972 ) . MAHMUD SYAIR MAHMUD linggadifferent Tuhfat al-nafis , Mahmud Muzaffar Syah depicted SSML . syair tells ,  Mahmud muda  [ Mahmud ] . depicted terms reigned ,  perintah ganti  [  changed  ] ,  arif bilah bijak laksana / bicara halus sempurna / kasih mulia hina  [  , / /  ] ( Nikmah & Muhammad , 1992 , . 8 . relations , Encik Kamariah depicts Mahmud Muzaffar Syah . [ ] , , Tengku Fatimah ,  cantik majelis sukar cari  [   ] . , Mahmud Muzaffar Syah depicted respects . , , obtains blessings . discusses orders Tengku Embung . decrees  segala tukang jauhari  [  craftsmen  ] builders assembled cara Wanda [ ] . Tengku Embung Singapore 20 Chinese builders . Mahmud Tuan Muda , Ali , depicted SSML . Ali Lingga  Mahmud   passes . Ali Lingga , endeavouring . efforts cooperation well-received Mahmud Muzaffar Syah , recorded stanzas : Adap baginda hari - haribeberapa nasihat diajari15 kasih terperimendengar ajar baharisultan barang katanyahukum sering dicarikannyamenguatkan segala isi negerinyadisuruh sembahyang sekelian [ Attending daysome words conveyedthe has affectionfor teachingsthe follows instructionand seeks rulings prayers ] ( Nikmah & Muhammad , 1992 , . 27 ) decrees prayers women headcovers . applies Islamic teachings lifestyle activities . attitudes liked Tuan Muda , Ali . has Ali , Mahmud Muzaffar Syah gives , Tengku Fatimah , Ali  , Muhammad Yusuf , . figures described Tuhfat al-nafis ( Matheson , 1991 , pp . 598 - 604 ) . Tuhfat al-nafis records Mahmud Rahman , ignores Rahman , Ali . Rahman calls Mahmud Malay rulers Buginese . SSML , Encik Kamariah depicts Mahmud  lemah lembut keluar  [   ] places  adults  opinions decisions ( Nikmah & Muhammad , 1992 , . 30 ) . Mahmud Muzaffar Syah  described 16 . , , , exchanges ( quatrains ) , javanese theatre Indian festivities . extends walls . . Mahmud Muzaffar Syah  reigning , ( Nikmah & Muhammad , 1992 , pp . 80 - 81 ) . , Mahmud takes Terengganu  . SSML records Mahmud displays . syair gives Mahmud , tasks duties has . gets hopes Mahmud has . Encik Kamariah Mahmud Muzaffar Syah  recorded stanzas : Kerat lalu disiramkandi sangku emas dimandikankain mulia diselimutkanke duli dipersembahkandisambut baginda suka citadipeluk cium cunda ratawahai cunda kemala mahkotatuanku kelak ganti bertahtadikurniakan nama paduka cundatengku Rahman syahdamenggantikan nama paduka nendatimang-timangannya Tengku Bermuda [ himin bathedwrapped majestywho joyand held kissed boy17 Dearest , crownyou thronehe named grandchildtengku Rahman , honouredafter , Tengku Bermuda ] ( Nikmah & Muhammad , 1992 , pp . 103 - 104 ) SSML depicts Mahmud enjoys festivities . dutch-style has completed , Mahmud  suka hari -  [ seeks ]  hari - gurau senda  [  spends  ] . instructs lady-in-waiting women berzanji ( praises Muhammad ) , holds newly-completed . Encik Kamariah depicts Mahmud introducing Saji ( Cursetjee ) , Singapore visits . Cursetjee bears gifts , including  bangku satu kursi baldu  [ seats ] Mahmud likes . Cursetjee  Lingga lasts  jamu pesta  [ ] . Mahmud meets Cursetjee stops Singapore Terengganu ( Nikmah & Muhammad , 1992 , . 135 ) . Tuhfat al-nafis , Mahmud Muzaffar Syah Cursetjee described follows : Mahmud sampai maka diam sahabat Majusi bangsa Parsi Kersaji . [ Singapore , Mahmud , Magian , Parsi Kersaji . ] ( Matheson , 1991 , . 626 ) Maka berangkat main . Maka lalu masuk itikad kemuafakatan orang Nasrani Permisyun , sahabat Parsi Kersaji , bukan Parsi Islam . 18 [ Singapore . , Christian named Permisyun ( ) , befriended Parsi Kersaji , Persian Muslim . ] ( Matheson , 1991 , . 618 ) Cursetjee Parsi Christian . Mahmud Cursetjee developing Riau Lingga . differs described SSML shows Mahmud supported Islamic teachings Lingga honouring Ramadan . Mahmud SSML muktabar [ ] mengerna [ ] . khalifah [ ] , Mahmud expands networks Malay kingdoms Ali , Terengganu . events SSML maintains relations Tuan Muda Riau , Singapore , Terengganu Pahang . , Terengganu , stops Pulau Sengat Ali travels Singapore Terengganu . Tuhfat al-nafis ( Matheson , 1991 , pp . 597 - 598 ) , depicts Mahmud , , Lingga . , Mahmud tastes Tuan Muda Riau , . Mahmud developments . , dutch-style , . Singapore . , SSML shows Mahmud held Ramadan . accompanied activities berzanji . SSML presented syair , Encik Kamariah . syair offers audiences pieces Mahmud Muzaffar Syah recorded Tuhfat al-nafis . contained SSML gives 19 audiences Mahmud . Mahmud Muzaffar Syah . conclusionemploying , events SSML writers . emphasizes events recorded . events writers , Encik Kamariah , syair . , suggests , observed poetizing , Encik Kamariah SSML . poets positions aristocracies , Buginese Riau , Encik Kamariah Malay Lingga . , events figures syair . SSML , writers , . genealogies Engku Puter Mahmud Muzaffar Syah memories generations . , stories Engku Puter Mahmud Muzaffar Syah mentioned Tuhfat al-nafis , , writers needed figures syair . supports  identity-formation , forms views . draws versions , Malay . , ,     . 20 REFERENCESA . 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