Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 PROFILES NARRATIVES MID-SEVENTEENTH MUGHAL BENGAL Imon ul Hossain * Visva-Bharati , mid-seventeenth-century Mughal Bengal has visited terms aspects identities . authors Bengal , has conducted Mughal Bengal sources terms .  changing Mughal . occurred profiles mid-seventeenth-century Bengal , , long-established   Indian . using method-based accounts travellers , Persian , Bengali sources sources findings are-firstly , emerging characteristics mid-seventeenth Bengal  like-the co-existence Hindus-Muslims Christians , beliefs rituals , profiles Pirism , identities ; , modes . Keywords : Bengal , Mughal , , , , Mughals Bengal Karrani Munim Tukaroi , 1575 . witnessed battles , rebellions , disputes viceroys 1757 . , events peoples activities campaigns . , chronicles Persian . , religions - Hinduism , , Christianity . , beliefs existed factors . Mughal Bengal forces , Vaishnavism , Islamization , European settlements . Hinduism neo-vaishnavism Vaishnava Sahajiya regenerated Yogic-Tantric . consisted , . Bengal followed factors - Mughals Sufi Khanqahs .  Islamization Bengal Muslim clergies implemented 1 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 Aurangzeb . , appeared foreign-originated Muslims Muslims Hinduism practices inherited forefathers . , created   Bengali Muslims . Bengal Mughals witnessed advent Europeans . sources . sources categories-bengali accounts travellers . Persian sources , , sources . Bengali sources Manasamangal Ketakadas , edited Bijan Bihari Bhattacharya , mid-seventeenth Sukumar , depicted , , women . ,  . , Dharmamangal Ruparam Chakrabarty , edited Sukumar Panchanan Mandal . completed 1650 . Lausen . reflections . , Anadi Ramdas Adak , edited Basanta Mar Chattopadhyay , 1662 . Ruparam  Dharmamangal . supplied centres , castes , . ,  Brahman Roman Sambad  Antonio , edited S N , Bengali Hinduism Christianity seventeenth-century expounded Christianity Hinduism thematized religions debates issues - , Avatar ( ) , karmafal , , . , Sapta Paykar Alaol , edited Saidar Rahman . mid-seventeenth amalgamating Hindu-Muslim themes . accounts travellers sources Bengal . , Storia Mogor Niccolao Manucci , translated notes William Irvine . visited cities , European factories , described , . , J B Tavernier , translated France . . narrated Bengal  . , Thevenot edited S N entitled  Indian Travels Thevenot Careri  . enumerated communities , towns , places . , Persian has others , tarikh-i-bangala Salimullah , translated Francis Gladwin  Transactions Bengal Soobahdaries  . azim-us-shan  Sufi saints . 2 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 Profiles relating aspects , peoples mid-seventeenth-century Bengal sources . , Persian sources court-centric , , Bengali texts accounts travellers . , communities occupied positions Bengal - Hindus , Muslims , Christians . prospects Hindu faiths dimensions , worships , cults sects . ( Hindu ) Tavernier Thevenot regarded  idolaters  Manucci identified  Hindoo  . 1 instances Thevenot enunciated Jagannath dwellers .  Vandana  Anadi Kavya , , noticed places Bengal Ranaghat ( Nadia ) Tarakeswar ( Hoogly ) Shiva , Burdwan Devi Sarbamangala . 2 Bengal Vaishnavism , Chaitanya mid-fifteenth wider Sankrittan . Kavya - , Shasti , Sitala , Krishna Ruparam Chakrabarty Hindu Vaishnavism seems , 3 verses  Chaitanya Vandana  Anadi Ramdas Adak4 Ruparam  Dharmamangal . 5 , Sobha land-grant Parasuram Brajabasi Nimtala Vaishnavite . 6 features beliefs . Manasa Ketakadas mid-seventeenth described Manasa Chand Saudagar Chand Bengali fond denied Manasa , suffered . Manasa Kavya delineated regarded Manasa Visva-Mata7 , signifies peoples . , Manasa , punished Chand . , Durga Rupnarayan Ghosh , Kalika Kalidas , Sasthi Krisnaram glorified figures goddesses Durga , , Sasthi , . pieces Muslims Bengal  , . Delhi , misunderstandings writings European travellers Bengali Muslims . Duarte Barbosa , Portuguese visited Bengal 15th ,   Muslim inhabitants . 8 , , defects accounts . Thevenot mentioned Muslims : 3 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1  Patan Kings , ( ) Mahometans Moguls Masters . has , Mahometan - , Religions caused  . 9 Mohammedan Mughal Patan seems , . . , means dynasties . Muslim , Sufism created Bengal  . ideas hide-bound approaches . Sufis . Shariah , emphasized . , advent Sufism Bengal conveyed facets - Sufi saints facilitating Islamization Bengal , relationships . Sufi Bengal Sufism prevailed parts . Bengal  Pirism  , Hindus Muslims Bengal . 10 Sufi Bengal traced examples . rulers blessings Sufi saints , , . , azim-us-shan  Sufi Behram Sakka Burdhwan Raheem , . Azim Sufi Bizeed Burdwan . 11 Bengali texts ascertained Sufism . Ruparam Chakrabarty Dharmamangal Ismailii , robbers , Daria Kalu . 12 Anadi Ramdas Adak , - Ismaili , Rasuvi Kha . 13 cases , Pirs Sufi orders merged faiths . , noticed advents Europeans Bengal , purposes - Christian . terms , , Armenian , Portuguese , English , Christianity remaining schools , 16th 17th . long-lasting European settlements Bengal outlooks scenarios regarded Bengali . examples European settlements sources . Manucci visited factories ,  English Dhaka . 14 , Thevenot describing European Dhaka , English houses peoples . 15 advent Europeans Christian monasteries Bengal resulted foreign-bengali . Manucci compromised , Bengal , Jesuit Hugli ; noticed Dhaka Christians , Portuguese , served named Agostinho . 16 Thevenot 4 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 Dhaka mentioned Augustine . 17 Manucci , Christian monks mentioned  friars .  Europeans Bengali texts  Brahman Roman Sambad  Antonio , Bengali Bhusana located Jessore-Faridpur Bangladesh . , Bengali Hinduism Christianity seventeenth-century expounded Christianity Hinduism thematized religions debates issues - , Avatar ( ) , karmafal , , . 18 Bengal . mid-seventeenth castes , Brahman , Kayasthas , Vaishyas . Muslim , Bengali texts , Manasa Vijaya Bipradas Chandimangal Muslim castes Sayyids , Mullahs , Qazis Bengal . 19 , . Bengal centred . Brahmans Bengal  enjoyed . Turkish , Brahmanas Bengal  localized . , anti-brahman forces amplifying Hinduism , mentioned earlier cults , Vaishnavism . existing groups Delhi Brahmin opponents . circumstances , Brahmans exemplified Nyaya texts Raghunandan contemporaries . 20 scholars Ganesh 15th , promulgated Hindu , inculcated Brahmanas Navadipa Brindabanadas Chaitanya Mandal Jayananda . argued groups Kayastha  Brahmans . Abul Fazal witnessed 16th Zamindars Sarkars Bengal Kayasthas . 21 rulers Kayasthas Brahmans , , Brahmans suffered pre-dominance . , things Brahmanical Rashikamangal , Vaishnavite Brahmans didn   Prasad  Rasika Vaishnava . Tavernier narrated witnessed Brahman -  . loses , has robbed , has Brahmin , gets , ,  . 22 5 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 Brahmans duties played roles teachers schools   . Dharmamangal , Ruparam Chakrabarty ( Brahman ) belonged mentioned   students , became compelled . circumstances , quarrels brothers shifted   Raghuram Bhattacharya . 23 , , Raghuram    Nabadwip . 24 Brahmans scriptures , examples enumerated  Brahman Roman Sambad  Brahman debated issues Antonio . 25 Brahmans respected , families appointed  Purahita  . Manasa Ketakadas Chand preparing Lakhindar  summoned Brahman suggested played . 26 Anadi gives Rajpurahit  Ghosal  , named Binod Ghosal . 27 Bengali sources Khshtriyas , . decades Aurangzeb  , facts Sobha  , ijaradar Midnapur , revolted Chaudhuri Krishnaram Roy 22 . sources Krishnaram Roy Sobha Kshatriya . 28 , Mahmoodabad Parganah , Sitaram regarded Kshatriya , Jaffar . 29 Vaishyas . Manasa Kavya Ketakadas mentioned Sadaghar Chand voyages . 30 , Anadi Ramdas Adak Vaishyas . 31 English records merchants Sahas Europeans . 32 Bengal , numbers Kayasthas . Examples - Vijaya Gupta , Yashraj , Shrikara , Kavindra Parameshvara Kayashta poets . poets belonged , emerged  persons  pictures . Ketakadas Khemananda , Manasa Kavya Kayastha 33 , Sitaram , Kayastha . 34 Maintaining , observed Manasa Chand proposed Brahman ( Vaishya ) . 35 , , castes affiliated orders seems . ,  Vaidyas  , Bengal has  . noticed Manasa Kavya Vaidya , wanted Behula  . 36 , Anadi mentioned  Ojha  , 37 , tasks diseases 6 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 controlling snakes . Som Ghosh ( kavya ) Kanu Ghose belonged  Goala  dairymen . ,  Kamar  . 38 Kavya ( Anadi ) , Ramdas Adak Kaivarta . 39 Ruparam Chakrabarty mentioned  Tati  having . 40 Mid-Seventeenth Mughal Bengal sources . Bengali  . Manasa Kavya Ketakadas ,  Saadh  Bengalis . articles dishes . Sanaka , Chand foods  Saadh  Manasa Devi . 41 , Lausen ( Anadi kavya ) , performed  saadh  months . 42 traced  Narabali  conducts humans , gods . , Karnasen killed children favourite . 43 travellers supplied witnessed . shortcomings travelogues observations , misunderstandings narrators cases Indian , , sub-continent . narrations . , categorizations , - eye-witnessed . , enunciated . descriptions . Baptiste Tavernier  . enumerated , , Bengali peoples called  Sat   Sahamarana  . eye-witnessed Bengal women . observed ( Bengal ) didn  husband s Ganges . Ganges  , bodies . :  . Ganges , Bengal , , women bodies  . . . . . intends , preceded drums , flutes , hautboys ornaments , , having ascended 7 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 places , , . , relatives friends , , , , , , , relatives friends , loved . sees , asks commissions wraps , places , priests   44 , witnessed Bengal newborn treated / . Tavernier explored , , . observed ,  , placed , corners branches , . , crows , , eyes heads , , idolaters Bengal has . , , refuses , . , , , believed . 45 Hugly English , Portuguese inhabitants children factories . rituals , practices . called Charak Charak , Hajrha , Bengal Bangladesh . followers , eliminating sufferings . women . devotees hooks backs , hooks . Tavernier  mentioned happened Maldah ( Bengal ) , , remarks . :  8th , Bengal called Maldah , idolaters inhabitants . hooks branches trees , , others . hooks bodies , , others , drags   . asked penances , , called Adam  . 46 8 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 Tavernier faiths Hindus assimilated Adam Abrahamic   Hinduism , Adi Purush . French , Thevenot , Tavernier visited Bengal observed super-dominance Bengalis . , changes  observed Bengali texts , -  Gods , worships beliefs . , , peoples , sources Muslims modified lifestyle . sources supplied descriptions Hindu , Muslims . European created foreign-bengali fields , , . , denied Bengal imparting Christianity Hinduism . Ideas defines co-existence communities , habits , . , actuated . , emphasized refuting Gods Allah , Hinduism fostered Gods . Turks , Afghans Mughals centuries Indian sub-continent . remained policies . socio-cultural forces . , compared Asian Muslim empires Islamic initiated Delhi Muslims terms minorities existing Hindus Muslims . , Hindus embraced , separated  practices rituals . , Muslims   Delhi Mughal periods , differences played shariah-based Muslim . Indo-Islamic Hinduism cults discourses , , . Sufi two-community . , influenced affluents . , Sufism emphasised  Tariqa  rejecting virtues  haqiqa  . nearer . identities existing Sanskrit Arabic , Turkish Persian , , . Examples Zia Nakhshabi , mid-fourteenth translated Indian Persian Kok-Sastra Tuti-Nama , . Firuz Tughlaq , instances Sanskrit 9 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 books translated Persian . zain-ul-abidin Kashmir credited Persian , Rajtarangini Kalhana Mahabharata . centuries , stories fables elements Hindu Sufi . ,  Chandayan dated 1379 religions . , . Earlier historians K S Lal , Iswari Prasad A L Srivastava emphasised , policies rulers . , means counter-narratives has emphasized earlier  medievalists  . , counter-narrative means . refers stories , , accounts events . post-modernist Michel Foucault insisted studies challenging historiographies . , .  counter-narrative  refers Indian writings oriented pre-conceived notions . allegations earlier Hindu Muslim historians , Marxists authors approaches sources . , generalizations Indian viz , - 1 . Mughals invaders , 2 . rulers infidels , 3 . conflicts Hindu Muslim houses 4 . larger , 5 . Akbar Aurangzeb . above-mentioned facets conclusions sources . Bengal , has   , , has . Identities earlier . has studies generated impressions . counter-reaction , , historians thoughts . , scholars denied influenced Indian , , periodization , Hindu , Muslim British periods . , Hindu Muslim nationalists  two-nation . advent Marxist revolutionizes imparting modes post-independence .  Indian . 10 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 writers Indian , socio-cultural relationships . , disregarded subjects . tussles schools insisting . , beings , , behaviours . , . Azim us-shan azim-us-shan Bengal witnessed rebellions skirmishes corners Bengal . instances Shobha , Chandrakona Midnapur Rahim , Afghan , revolted Krishnaram , Burdwan . , . actions Shobha . , terracotta eka-ratna Gopinath , speaks Sobha . Shyama . 47 contradicts authors claims occurred Mughals non-muslims . , incidents . , Bengali , Krishnaram Aurangzeb :  Aurangzeb , , fiercest . Ram-Rajya  48 exploitations , circumstances motives . , azim-us-shan  policies Bengal Subahdari . Burdwan . imitating Aurangzeb , Islamic discourses gathered scholars . resumed taxes remitted articles . , initiated Muslims , Hindus , Europeans ,  Muhammadans ( Muslims ) , Hindoos Europeans  . 49 noticed Sufi saints played roles monarchs . rulers blessings Sufi saints , , . , Azim Burdwan Sufi Baizeed ( Byazid ) , . Azim Farrukhsiyar Karimuddin ( Muhammad Karim ) . proud , Karimuddin , , Farrukhsiyar . Sufi placed Farruksiyar  , ; favourable wishes  . 50 Farruksiyar Sufi reached 11 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 , Azim . Azim . Sufi answered ,  , bestowed Farruksiyar ; , has , recalled  . words Sufi , Azim , controlled Sufi  honour . azim-us-shan , dealings Azim , , Islamic , Sufis . , Azim : Hindu ceremonies , playing Basant ( ) . 51 Aurangzeb Azim  , forty-six  . 52 Azim  . Quli  . asked Brindaban , , having . , collecting bricks constructed Brindaban  called . Brindaban Azaan , , became bricks abused . submitted Quli Jaffar Brindaban . 53 Quli asked Qazi , efforts . , Brindaban Azim Aurangzeb  . , Brindaban killed Qazi  . Azim Qazi Mohammad Sharif killed Brindaban . replied ,  Qazi Sharif  . 54 , approaches - , Azim   adopting practices , , Muslims Hindus Europeans . Acts Murshid-Quli-Khan Bengal Quli . Jadunath Hindu . , Aurangzeb shariah-based strategies . Quli  lies Bengal replaced Jagirdari Malzamini Mughal Bengal  Murshidabad  . , things Quli provides viewpoints . 12 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 , orders Zamindars , examples actions , like-he displaced trusted Zamindars , Zamindars , Rajahs officers . 55 narrowmindedness appeared Zamindars Hindus allowed bamboos travels . 56 expertise Quli Hindus , Aurangzeb Hindu Raghunatha . 57 Quli Bengali Hindus collections . 58 reasons , malpractices . detected Hindu failed , , , children . 59 , noticed historians rejected skilfully dimensions readers controlling academia . Upholding ,   circumstances . Quli happened Subedari ; Katwal Hoogly abducted  , faujdar named Ahsanullah . Quli , promulgated Quran . 60 issues Indian mosques ruining temples , has writings aspects . Richard . Eaton entitled  Indo-Muslim States  explained modes Mughal . instances Hindu kingdoms has Hindu kingdoms attacked temples plundered  Rastra  ( state-deity ) . 61 Eaton  . Delhi Mughal interpreted  , state-building described raiding temples mentioned Hindu . , analyzed enumerated conserved temples . Eaton has replacing temples , has cited Mughal . Quli examples . 13 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 appeared Quli  became . footsteps Muslim monarchs , , . appointed named Murad . pitched located Khas  . pulling Hindu temples using materials . 62 Zamindars temples using bribes , allowed . cases . villages Murshidabad , Hindu houses threatened , forgiven payments . compelled servants Hindus ranks paid . 63 discussions , perspectives mid-seventeenth Bengal constructed earlier . Bengali , Persian , accounts travellers analyzed beliefs , , practices , prejudices Bengali peoples . Persian chronicles , , narratives mid-seventeenth . accounts travellers having shortcomings . , discussed   , earlier endeavour . cooperation ; , interests disregarded . , mid-seventeenth Bengal imparted Mughal Bengal . has long-established Bengal above-mentioned facts facets . , has approaches . Acknowledgement ,  Sejarah : , Malaya  , reviewed maintaining revisions . , Sofia Begam , Monowar Hossain encouraged . 14 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 * Imon ul Hossain (imonulhossain@gmail.com ) Indian , Visva-Bharati , Santiniketan , . Biodata : 3 2022 Reviewed : 4 2022 : 16 2022 Notes 1 Niccolao Manucci , Storia Mogor Mogul , vol-ii , Indian Texts , Translated Notes William Irvine , London : John Murray , 1907 , . 93 . 2 Ramdas Adak , Anadi , edited Basanta Mar Chattopadhaya , Calcutta : Bangiya Sahitya Parishad Mandir , 1345 B . , . 6 3 Md Noorur Rahman , Hindu-Muslim Relations Mughal Bengal , Kolkata : Publishers , 2012 , . 54 4 Ramdas Adak , Anadi , . 7 . 5 Ruparam Chakrabarty , Dharmamangal , edited Sukumar Panchanan Mandal , Burdwan : Sahitya Sabha , 1351 B . , . 8 . 6 Pranab ,  Sobha Records  , Proceedings Indian , . 61 , 2000 , . 350 . 7 Khemananda Ketakadas , Manasamangal , Bijan Bihari Bhattacharya : Sahitya Akademi , 2018 , . 90 . 8 Eaton , . . , & Eaton , . . , Bengal , 1204 - 1760 Berkeley : California , 1993 , . 80 . 9 Thevenot , Indian Travels Thevenot Careri , Indian Records , Delhi : , 1949 , . 95 . 10 Md Noorur Rahman , Hindu-Muslim Relations Mughal Bengal , . 54 . 11 Salimullah , tarikh-i-bangala , Transactions Bengal Soobahdaries , Translated Persian Francis Gladwin , Calcutta , Stuart , 1788 , . 25 . 12 Ruparam Chakrabarty , Dharmamangal , . 12 . 13 Ramdas Adak , Anadi , edited Basanta Mar Chattopadhaya , Calcutta : Bangiya Sahitya Parishad Mandir , 1345 B . , . 7 . 14 Niccolao Manucci , Storia Mogor Mogul , . 83 . 15 Thevenot , Indian Travels Thevenot Careri , . 95 . 16 Niccolao Manucci , Storia Mogor Mogul , . 86 . 17 Thevenot , Indian Travels Thevenot Careri , . 95 . 18 Antonio , Brahman-Roman Sambad , Edited S N , Calcutta : Calcutta , 1937 , . 59 19 Anjal Chatterjee , Bengal Aurangzib-1658-1707 , Kolkata . Progessive Publishers , 1967 , . 201 . 20 Momtazur Rahman , Hussain Bengal 1494 - 1538 : Socio-Political , Dacca : Asiatic Pakistan , 1965 , . 190 . 21 Abul Fazl Allami , ain-i-akbari , Vol-2 , London : Books , 2018 , pp . 143 - 145 . 22 Baptiste Tavernier , Travels , , Translated France 1676 , Notes , , Etc . . , London : Macmillan Co , 1889 , . 255 . 23 Ruparam Chakrabarty , Dharmamangal , . 18 . 24 . , . 19 . 25 Antonio , Brahman-Roman Sambad , . 1 . 26 Khemananda Ketakadas , Manasamangal , . 23 . 27 Ramdas Adak , Anadi , . 26 . 28 Pranab ,  Sobha Records  , . 347 29 Salimullah , tarikh-i-bangala , Transactions Bengal Soobahdaries , Translated Persian Francis Gladwin , . 89 . 30 Khemananda Ketakadas , Manasamangal , . 7 . 31 Ramdas Adak , Anadi , . 25 . 32 Anjal Chatterjee , Bengal Aurangzib-1658-1707 , . 207 . 15 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 33 Sukumar , Bangla Sahityyer Itihas , , Calcutta : Publishers Pvt . Ltd , 2012 , . 226 . 34 . , 140 . 35 Khemananda Ketakadas , Manasamangal , . 23 . 36 . , . 73 . 37 Ramdas Adak , Anadi , . 31 . 38 . , . 18 . 39 Sukumar , Bangla Sahityyer Itihas , . 137 . 40 Ruparam Chakrabarty , Dharmamangal , . 21 . 41 Khemananda Ketakadas , Manasamangal , . 15 . 42 Ramdas Adak , Anadi , . 58 . 43 . , . 17 . 44 Baptiste Tavernier , Travels , , . 213 . 45 . 46 . , . 254 . 47 Pranab ,  Sobha Records  , pp . 345 - 351 . 48 Muhammad Shahidullah , Bangla Sahityer , 2 nd , Madhya Yug : Dhaka , 1374 B . , . 13 . 49 Salimullah , tarikh-i-bangala , Transactions Bengal Soobahdaries , pp . 24 . 50 . , . 26 . 51 . , . 29 . 52 . 53 . , . 118 . 54 . , . 119 . 55 . , . 57 . 56 . , . 58 . 57 Audrey Truschke , Aurangzeb : , Haryana : , 2017 , . 74 . 58 Salimullah , tarikh-i-bangala , Transactions Bengal Soobahdaries , . 61 . 59 . 60 . , . 117 . 61 Richard . Eaton ,  Indo-Muslim  , - Essays Mentalities , ed . D N Jha Eugenia Vanina , Delhi : Tulika Books , 2009 , . 303 . 62 Salimullah , tarikh-i-bangala , Transactions Bengal Soobahdaries , . 121 . 63 . References Abul Fazl Allami , ain-i-akbari , Vol-2 , London : Books , 2018 . Anjal Chatterjee , Bengal Aurangzib-1658-1707 , Kolkata . Progessive Publishers , 1967 . Audrey Truschke , Aurangzeb : , Haryana : , 2017 . Antonio , Brahman-Roman Sambad , S N ( ed . ) , Calcutta : Calcutta , 1937 . Eaton , . . , & Eaton , . . , Bengal , 1204 - 1760 Berkeley : California , 1993 . Thevenot , Indian Travels Thevenot Careri , Indian Records , Delhi : , 1949 . 16 Sejarah : , Malaya ; . 31 ( 1 ) 2022 : 1 - 17 ; ISSN 1985 - 0611 e-issn : 2756 - 8253 https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no1.1 Baptiste Tavernier , Travels , , Translated France 1676 , Notes , , Etc . . , London : Macmillan Co , 1889 . Khemananda Ketakadas , Manasamangal , Bijan Bihari Bhattacharya : Sahitya Akademi , 2018 . Md Noorur Rahman , Hindu-Muslim Relations Mughal Bengal , Kolkata : Publishers , 2012 . Momtazur Rahman , Hussain Bengal 1494 - 1538 : Socio-Political , Dacca : Asiatic Pakistan , 1965 . Muhammad Shahidullah , Bangla Sahityer , 2 nd , Madhya Yug : Dhaka , 1374 B . . Niccolao Manucci , Storia Mogor Mogul , vol-ii , Indian Texts , Translated Notes William Irvine , London : John Murray , 1907 . Pranab ,  Sobha Records  , Proceedings Indian , . 61 , 2000 . Ramdas Adak , Anadi , Basanta Mar Chattopadhaya ( ed . ) , Calcutta : Bangiya Sahitya Parishad Mandir , 1345 B . . Richard . Eaton ,  Indo-Muslim  , D N Jha Eugenia Vanina ( eds . ) , - Essays Mentalities , Delhi : Tulika Books , 2009 . Ruparam Chakrabarty , Dharmamangal , Sukumar Panchanan Mandal ( eds . ) , Burdwan : Sahitya Sabha , 1351 B . . Salimullah , tarikh-i-bangala , Transactions Bengal Soobahdaries , Translated Persian Francis Gladwin , Calcutta , Stuart , 1788 . Sukumar , Bangla Sahityyer Itihas , , Calcutta : Publishers Pvt . Ltd , 2012 . 17