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+THE 
+
+
+
+
+Reprefenting tlie 
+
+Fabulous FI r s 
+
+
+OF THE 
+
+EATHEN 
+
+
+AND 
+
+
+TORIES 
+
+
+GODS. 
+
+
+Moft Uluftaious Heroes; 
+
+
+I N 
+
+
+A Short, Plain, and Familiar Method 
+
+by Way of Dialogue. 
+
+
+Revifed, Corrected, Amended, and llluftrated 
+
+with new Copper Cuts of the feveral Deities. 
+
+
+
+For the XJfe of Schools. 
+
+
+By ANDREW,? O O K E, A. M 
+
+late Profeflor of Geometry in Grefiam College, and 
+Matter of the Charter-House-School. 
+
+
+
+LONDON: 
+
+Printed forC, Bathurst, J. Rivikgton, 
+B. Law, G. Keith, S. B l a d o n, 
+
+G. Robinson, R. Baldwin, 
+
+and W. Stuart. 
+
+MDCCLXXVIII. 
+
+
+v n 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+^the Parts of this Work: 
+
+
+H E Approach of the Pantheon 
+
+
+
+
+PART I. 
+
+
+Of die Celefiial or Heavenly Gods 
+The Celeftial Goddefles «— 
+
+
+
+Page S 
+
+
+30 
+
+86 
+
+
+PART XI. 
+
+
+Of the Terreflrial or Earthly Gods 
+The Terreftrial Goddefies — 
+The Goddehes of the Woods 
+
+The Nymphs —-- 
+
+The Inferior Deities ■ 
+
+
+
+
+137 
+
+167 
+
+209 
+
+2 23 
+228 
+
+
+PART Ilf. 
+
+
+Of the Marine Gods, or Gods of the Sea 
+The Monfters of the Sea - ■ 
+
+
+231 
+
+2 39 
+
+
+PART IV. 
+
+
+Of the Infernal Deities 
+The Fates 
+The Furies 
+The Judges of Hell 
+
+
+. w W 
+
+The molt- famous of the Condemn’d in 
+The Monfters of Hell 
+The EljJian Fields 
+
+
+Hell 
+
+
+245 
+
+257 
+
+2 59 
+
+262 
+
+263 
+272 
+
+2 75 
+
+
+PART V. 
+
+Of the Subordinate and Mifcellaneous Deities — 277 
+
+♦ 
+
+PART VI. 
+
+
+Of the Adfcriptitious Gods, Demi-Gods, and Heroes 
+An^AppENDix of the Virtues and Vices which have 
+
+
+294 
+
+been 
+
+341 
+
+
+
+T O 
+
+
+
+TO THE 
+
+
+
+
+A 
+
+
+
+
+
+© 
+
+
+3 <rr>lS confefs'd , that there are already mafiy Boohs pub^ 
+^ liftf don the prefent Subject, two or three of which 
+are in our own ! Tongue ; and thofe , 'without doubt , with, 
+hy fome Men , thought enough : Buff nee this can be the - 
+
+'Opinion but of a few , and thofe. unexperienced People , *£ 
+been judg'd more proper to regard the Advice oj many 
+grave Perfons of known Skill hi the Art of Teaching* 
+who, though they ?mtft acknowledge that Goodwin, in his 
+Antiquities, has done very well in the Whole , yet can't 
+but own that he has been too Jhort in this Point: ‘That 
+JRofie alfo , thd 3 he deferves Commendation for his Mytbo~ 
+logy, is yet very tedious , and as much too large ; and that 
+Galtruchius, as D’Afiigny has tranflated and dift) dhim 
+out to us,> is fo Corfu fed and artlefs in his Method? as welt 
+as unfortunate in his Corrections? that it in no wife an - 
+fwers the Purpofe it was defign d for\ and hereupon this 
+Work was recommended to be tranfated , being firjl well 
+approved by learned Gentlemen , as is above-mentioned ^, for 
+its eafy Method , and agreeable Plainnefs • Befdes , it 
+
+having been written by fo leaved a P erf on , and that for 
+the UJe of fo great a Prince, and fo univefciUy received in 
+our neighbour Nations , as to have fold fever a l Impreffions 
+in a Jhort Time , there was no room to doubt of its being well 
+receiv'd here . As for the Quotations out of the Latin Poets, 
+it was confidedd a while , whether they jhQuid.be tranfated 
+or not, but is was , at iajl? judg'd proper to print them in 
+Lnglifh, cither from thofe who already i ender 9 d them well? 
+or? vjhsre they could not 'be had? to give a new Tranfia- 
+
+A 2, tian 
+
+
+
+To the Reader; 
+
+
+Aon of them-) that fo nothing of the whole TJAork might h& 
+out of the Reach of the young Scholar's TJnderftcmding, for 
+whofe Benefit chiefly as this Verflon was intended, fo, in 
+this loft hnprefflon, Care has been taken, not only to move 
+the Citations to the Ends of the Pages, Sections, or Chap¬ 
+ters, ivhicb before lying in the Body of the Dijcourfe, and 
+making Part of it, the Senfe was greatly interrupted, the 
+Connexion diflnrVd, and thereby a Confufion oft-ti?nes 
+created in the JJnderfl an dings offome of thofe younger Scho¬ 
+lars, into zvhoje Hands it was put, byfucb an undue and 
+improper Mixture of Englifh and Latin, of Profe and 
+Verfc ; but farther, to make it Jlill ?nore plain andfasniiiar, 
+and thereby better failed to their Capacity, and snore proper 
+for their Ufe, fuel? ambiguous Expreffions and obfeure 
+Phrafcs have been removed, and fuch perplex'd Periods 
+rectified , as had been found, either to caufe Mifunderfland- 
+ing of the Author's Meaning-, or to lead the Scholar into 
+Barbarifm, in rendering any Part of it into Latin, when 
+fuch Tranflations have been impofedas a Pafk* And laflly, 
+a complete andfignificant Index, hiflead of a verbal one 
+before, has been added to this hnpreffion, whereby any Thing 
+material in the whole Book may be readily found out; the 
+Uffulncfs. of which need not be mention'd here, flnee the 
+JVant of it, in all former Editions, has been hitherto fo . 
+much (and fo jtifily) complain'd of by mofi of thofe many 
+JMaJlers who have made ufe hereoffn their Schools . 
+
+
+C har te r-h o u fe, 
+June 30,1713. 
+
+
+Andrew Tooke. 
+
+
+
+OF 
+
+
+
+OF THE 
+
+
+
+
+
+OF THE 
+
+
+A T H E N 
+
+
+
+CHAP. I. 
+
+The Approach to the Pantheon. 
+
+Idolatry. 
+
+
+The Original of 
+
+
+PALJEOPHILUS. 
+
+Sort of Building is that before 
+^ ^ 5 , us, of fo unufual a Figure ? For, I 
+
+C? think it is round, unlefs the Diftance 
+
+^ ^ deceives my Sight. 
+
+W a*? Myftagogus . You are not deceived. 
+
+It is a Place well deferving to be vifited 
+
+__ O 
+
+in this, the §)ueen of Cities. Let us go and view it, 
+before we go to any other Place. 
+
+P . What t is its Name ? 
+
+JW. The Fabulous Pantheon . That is, the "Temple of 
+the Heathen Gods , which the fuperftitious Folly of all 
+Men hath feigned, cither through a grofs Ignorance 
+of the true and only God, or through a deteftable 
+Contempt of him. 
+
+P. What was the Occafion of the feigning of many 
+Gods ? 
+
+B M. Many 
+
+
+
+
+
+2 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+M. Many Caufes thereof may be afligned, but 3 thefe 
+four were the principal ones, upon which, as upon-fo 
+many Pillars, the whole Frame of the Fabrick depends, 
+
+1. The firjl Canfe of Idolatry was the extreme Folly b 
+and Vain-glory of Aden, who have denied to Him, who- 
+is the inexhaufted Fountain of all Good, the Honours* 
+which they have attributed to muddy Streams : Digg¬ 
+ings c as the holy Prophet complains, to themfelves 
+broken and dirty Cijlerns , and neglecting and forfakbig 
+the moji pure Fountain of living Waters . It ordinarily 
+happened after this Manner: d if any one did excel 
+in Stature of Body ; if he was endued with Great- 
+nefs of Min'd ; or noted forClearnefs of c Wit, hefirft 
+gained to himfelf the Admiration of the ignorant Vul- 
+gar, which Admiration was by Degrees turned into a 
+profound Refpeft; till at length they paid him greater 
+Honour than Men ought to receive, and aferibed the 
+Man into the Number of the Gods ; whilft the more. 
+Prudent were either carried away by the Torrent of 
+the vulgar Opinion, or were unable, or at leaft afraid, 
+to refift it. 
+
+2. The fordid Flattery of Subjects towards their Princes 
+was a fecond Caufe of Idolatry . For, to gratify their V a- 
+nity, to flatter their Pride, and to footh them in their 
+Self-conceit, they erefted Altars, and fet the Images 
+of their Princes on them ; to which they offered ln- 
+cenfe, in like Manner as-to their Gods $ f and ma¬ 
+ny Times alfo, while they were yet living. 
+
+3. A third Caufe of Idolatry vjos an & immoderate 
+Love of Immortality in many , who ftudied to attain'to 
+It, by leaving EfHgies of themfelves behind them ; 
+
+
+a Vid. Eufcb. Ladlant. Clem. Auguft. Plat. Cic. b Sap. 
+xlv, 14. c jerem ii. 13. d Diodor. lib. 17. Plutarch, in 
+JLyfand. e Val. Max. 1 . 8. c. ult. Cic. derep.apud. Aug. 
+3. de civ. cap. 15. * Athcn. lib. 6. deipnofoph. cap. 6. 
+
+de Demetrio Poliorcete. Sueton. in Julio, c. 76, & 84. 
+b Pontan. I. 1. c. dc Saturn. 
+
+3 
+
+
+
+
+ima- 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 3 
+
+imagining that their Names would .ftill be preferved 
+from the Power of Death and Time, fo .long as they 
+lived in Brafs, or, as it were, breathed in living Sta¬ 
+tues of Marble, after their Funerals. 
+
+4i 11 A prepofterous Defre of perpetuating the Memo¬ 
+ries of excellent and ufefiil Men to future Ages, was the 
+fourth Caufe of Idolatry . 1 For, to make the Memory 
+
+of fuch Men eternal, and their Names immortal, 
+they made them Gods , or rather called them fo. 
+
+P . But, who was the fir ft Contriver and AfTertor 
+of Falfe Gods ? 
+
+M* k Nhiusy the firft King of the Affyrians, was, as 
+it is reported ; who, to render the Name of his Fa¬ 
+ther BeluSy or Nimrody immortal, worfhipped him 
+with Divine Honour after his Death. 
+
+t • 
+
+P . When, and in what Manner, do they fay that 
+happened ? 
+
+M. I will tell you. After that Nmus had conquered 
+many Nations far and near, and built the City, called, 
+after his Name, Niniveh; in a public Aflembly of the 
+Babyloniansy he extolled his Father BeluSy the Founder 
+of the City and Empire of Babylon, beyond all Meafure, 
+as his Manner was; and reprefenting him, not only wor¬ 
+thy of perpetual Honour among all Pofterity, but of an 
+Immortality alfo among the Gods above : 1 hen he ex¬ 
+hibited a Statue of him, that was curioufly and neatly 
+made, to which he commanded them to pay the fame 
+Reverence that they would have given to Belus alive ; . 
+and, appointing it to be a common Saiuftuary to the 
+miferable, he ordained, That if at anyTimean Offender 
+fhould fly to this Statue, it fhould not be lawful to 
+force him away from thence to Puniftime'nt. This 
+Privilege eafily procured fo great a Veneration to the 
+dead Prince, that he was thought more than a Man, 
+
+I mi «i—»—I ■ —— Ml l— « h n i— 
+
+11 Thucydid. I. 7. Plutarch. Apophth. Laccn. 4. Cic. 1. 
+de nat. Deor. 1 Sap. 14, 1 1 Vid. Annal. Salian. anno 
+
+2000, k Hier. in Esech. (2 in Ofeam. 
+
+B 2 
+
+
+and 
+
+
+4 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+♦ 
+
+and therefore was created a God, and called Jupiter ; 
+or, as others write, Saturn of Babylon ; where a moft 
+magnificent Temple was erected to him by his Son* 
+and dedicated with Variety of Sacrifices in the two 
+thoufandth Year of the World* which was the Iaft 
+Year but one of the Life of Noah. And from thence,, 
+as from a Peftilential Head, the Sacrilegious Plague of 
+Idols pafTed, by a Kind of Contagion, into other Na¬ 
+tions, and difperfed itfelf every where about. 
+
+P. What ! Did all other Natrons of the World 
+worfhip Belus ? 
+
+M. All, indeed, did not worfhip Belus ; but, after 
+this Beginning of Idolatry, feveral Nations formed to 
+themfelves feveral Gods ; receiving into that Number 
+not only mortal and dead Men, but Brutes alfo ; and, 
+which is a greater Wonder, even the moft mean and 
+pitiful inanimate Things. For, it is evident, from the 
+Authority of innumerable Writers, that the Africans 
+worfhipped the Heavens, as a God ; the Perfans adored 
+Fire, Water, and the Winds; the Lybians , the Sun and 
+Moon ; the Thebans , Sheep and Weefels : the Babylo¬ 
+nians of Memphis , a Whale; the Inhabitants of Mendes , 
+a Goat; the Thejfalians , Storks \ the Syrophcenicians , 
+Doves; the Egyptians , Dogs, Cats, Crocodiles, and 
+Hawks; nay. Leeks, Onions, and Garlick. Which 
+moft fenfelefs Folly 1 Juvenal wittily expofes. 
+
+P. But certainly the ancient Inhabitants and moft 
+wife Citizens of Rome did not fo fottifhly receive thofe 
+Images of Vain Gods, as thofe Barbarous Nations did, 
+to whom they were fuperior, not in Arms only and 
+Humanity, but in Wit and Judgment. 
+
+
+3 O fan Si as genus quibus hac nafcuntur in bortis Nu- 
+min a . 
+
+Religious Nations fure y and blefs’d Abodes, 
+
+Where ev’ry Orchard is o’er-run with Gods, 
+
+Juru* Lib. v. Ver. 591. 
+
+M . You 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 'g 
+
+M* You are miftaken, Sir ; for they exceeded ever* 
+thofe Barbarians in this Sort of Folly, 
+
+P. Say you fo ? 
+
+Af. Indeed. For they reckoned among their Gods, 
+and adored not. only Beafts and Things void of all 
+Senfe $ but, which is far greater Madnefs, they wor* 
+fhipped alfo Murderers, Adulterers, Thieves, Drunk¬ 
+ards, Robbers, and fuch-like Pejis of Mankind. 
+
+P. How many, and what Kind of Gods did the 
+Romans worfhip ? 
+
+M . It is fcarce pofiible to recount them : When^ 
+belides their own Country Gods and Family Gods, 
+all ftrange Gods, that came to the City, were made 
+free of it. Whence it came to pafs, in Time, that, 
+when they faw their Precinfis too narrow to contain 
+fo many, Necefiity forced them to fend their Gods into 
+Colonies , as they did their Men. But thefe Things, 
+which I c.urforily tell you, you will fee more conve¬ 
+nient! y and pleafantly by and by, with your own 
+Eyes, when you come into this Pantheon with me $ 
+where we are now at the Door* Let us enter* 
+
+
+CHAR IL 
+
+% 
+
+The Entrance into the Pantheon*. A 
+
+button of the Gods into feveral Clafles. 
+
+A O O D God ! What a Crowd of dead Deities 
+\J is here, if all thefe are Deities, whofe 
+gures I fee painted and defcribed upon the Walls \ 
+M. This is the fmalleft Part of therm For the 
+very Walls of the City, although it be fo large, much 
+iefs the Walls of this Temple, cannot contain even 
+their Titles . 
+
+P* Were all thefe Gods of the fame Order and 
+Dignity ? 
+
+M. By no means. But as th e Roman People were 
+
+B 3 dif- 
+
+
+6 Of the Gods of Heathens. 
+
+J 
+
+diftributed into three Ranks ; namely, of a Senators or 
+Noblemen , Knights or Gentlemen , Plel elans or Citizens \ 
+as alfo into b Noble, New-raifed , and Ignoble ; (of which 
+the Nejv-raiJed re thofe, who did not receive their 
+Nobility from their Anceftors, but obtained it them- 
+felves by their own Virtue ;) io the Roman Gods were 
+
+divided, as it were, into three ClaJJes . > 
+
+• # • * * « ^ 
+
+The firjl Clafs is of c Superior Gods ; for the Peo¬ 
+ple paid to them a higher Degree of Worfhip, becaufe 
+they imagined that thefe Gods were more eminently 
+employed in the Government of this World. Thefe 
+were called alfo d SeleSf ; becaufe they had always had 
+the Title of Celejlial Gods , and were famous and 
+eminent above others, of extraordinary Authority and 
+Renown. Twelve of thefe were {filed e Conjentes ; 
+becaufe, in Affairs of great Importance, 'Jupiter ad¬ 
+mitted them into his Council. The Images of thefe 
+were fixed* in the Forum at Rome : Six of them were 
+Malesi and fix Females; commonly, without other 
+Additions,'called the Twelve Gods; and whofe 
+Name Ennius comprifes in f a Diftich. 
+
+Thefe Twelve Gods were believed to prefide over the 
+Twelve Months \ to each of them was allotted a Month; 
+January to Juno , February to Neptune , March to Mi- 
+rterva r April to Venus , May to- Apollo , June to Mercury , 
+
+• 1 
+
+
+a Patricii, Equites, & Plebeii. b Nobiles, Novi, & Ig- 
+nobiles. Cic. pro Murom. c Dii Majorum Gentium. d Se- 
+Ie£ti. c Confentes, quail Confentientes. Settee. 1 . 2. Quaeff. 
+Nat. Lucian, dial.de Deorum concil. Plaut. in Epidico. 
+
+f Juno, Veft a, Minerva, Ceres , Diana, Venus, Mars, 
+JAercurius t Neptunits, Jupiter, Vulcanits, Apollo . 
+
+Dempiter, Paralip. ad c. 3. 
+
+In pofteriore hoc verfu alii legunt Jovis, non Jupiter ; & 
+melius meojudicio: olim enim Jovis in nominativo dice- 
+bat u r, elisa, metri gratia, ultima liter a. Rofin. Antiq. 
+
+
+
+i 
+
+
+Of the Gods f the Heathens . J 
+
+yMy to Jupiter , Augujl to Ceres? September to Vulcan? 
+October to Mars , JSfove?nber to Diana? Deee?nber to 
+Vejla. s 1 hey like wife p redded over the twelve Ce- 
+ieffial Signs. And if to thefe twelve DU Confentes you 
+add the eight following, Janus? Saiurnus , Ge?iius , Sol , 
+Pluto , Bacchus , Tellus , and Luna, you will have twen¬ 
+ty, that is, all the Seledi Gods, 
+
+The fcconclQXtfs contains the Gods of lower Rank 
+and Dignity, who were failed DU Ad in or tun Gentium $ 
+becaufe they £hine with a lefs Degree of Glory, and 
+have been placed among the Gods, as h Tully fays, by 
+their own Merits* Whence they are called alfo 1 Ad- 
+feriptitii Adinufcularii? k Putatitii and 1 lndigetes ; be¬ 
+caufe now they wanted nothing; or becaufe, being 
+tranflated from this Earth into Heaven, they converfed 
+with the Gods ; or being fixed, as it were, to certain 
+Places, committed peculiarly to their Care, they dwelt 
+an them, to perform -the Duty entruited to them n *. 
+Thus Mneas was made a God by his Mother Venus ., in 
+the Manner deferibed by Ovid n . 
+
+The Gods of the third and lower Clafs are fame- 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+£ Man'dii Aftron. 1 2. h De Naturd Deo rum , 1.2. IVar, 
+apud Augtft . k Lucian, dial . de Dcor . cone, 1 lndigetes quod 
+nullius rei indigerent, quod in Diis agerent, vel quod in iis 
+(fc, locis) degerent. Str-v- in 12. Ain, Liv.L I* 
+n Luftration genifrix diajino corpus odore 
+
+Ufixity id A mb r oft a cum dulci Neel are mixta 
+Contigit OS' fecitque Deum ,. quern turba S^uii'ini 
+Nuncupat. Indigetem , temploque, arifque recepit • 
+
+His Mother,then his Body purify’d. 
+
+Anoints with facred Odours, and his Lips 
+In Ne&ar mingled with Amhrofta dips ; 
+
+So deify ? d ; which Indiges Rome calls. 
+
+Honour’d with Altars, Shrines, and Feftivals, 
+
+Met am, 1 . 14. 
+
+B 4 times 
+
+
+8 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+* 
+
+times called ° Jldinuti , Vefci , and Mlfcellanei , but more 
+ufually p Semones^ whofe Merits were not fufficient to 
+gain them a Place among the Celejli a l Gods \ yet their 
+Virtues were fuch, that the People thought them fu- 
+perior to mortal Men. They were called * Patellarii 
+from certain fmall r Difhes, in which the Ancients 
+offered to the Gods their Sacrifices, of which s Ovid 
+makes mention. 
+
+To thefe we ought to adjoin the Gods called l No- 
+'vtnfiles^ which the Sabines brought to Romeby the Com¬ 
+mand of King Tatius 5 and which were fo named, as 
+fome fay, becaufe they u were lateft of all reckoned 
+among the Gods ; or becaufe they were w Prefidents 
+over the Changes, by which the Things of this World 
+fubfift. Circius believes them to have been the flrange 
+Gods of coyiquered Nations ; whereof the Numbers were 
+fo vaft, that it was thought fit to call them, all in ge- 
+ral, x Novenjiles, left they fhould forget any of them. 
+And laftly, to this Clafs alfo muft we refer thofe Gods 
+and GoddefTes, by whofe Help and Means, as y Tally 
+fays. Men are advanced to Heaven, and obtain a Place 
+among the Gods ; of which Sort are the principal Vir¬ 
+tues, as we fhall particularly fhew in its proper Place. 
+
+
+0 Horat. I. 3. carm. p Semones vulgo dicebantur quafi 
+Semi-homines, antiqui enim kominem dice bant hemonetn . Ap. 
+Guther.!. r. cap. 4. de jur. Man. Lipf. 1 . 2. ant. left. 2. 
+28. * Plautus ini Ciffdl. r Fulgent. Placid, ad Chalcid. 
+
+5 Fert mijfos Vejlsepura patella ethos. Ovid. Fall. 1 , 6. 
+To Vejia's Deity, with humble Mefs. 
+
+In cleanly Difh ferv’d up, they now addrefs. 
+
+* Liv. 1 . 8. Varro de Lingua Lat. 11 Quod novifiimi 
+omnium inter Deos numerati ilnt. w Novitatum prsefldes, 
+quod omnia novitate consent aut redin tegrentur. A pud 
+Gyrald. Synt. 5. * Arnob. 3. adv. Gentes. y De Nat. 
+
+Deor. 1 . 2. 
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+Gods of the Heathens « 
+CHAR III. 
+
+A View of the Pantheon. A in ore commodious 
+
+Divijion of the Gods . 
+
+P. T Caft my Eyes very curioufly every where about 
+JL me, and yet I do not fee the three Clajfes of the 
+Gods, ' which you have juft now defcribed. 
+
+M. Becaufe there is made here another and more 
+convenient Divifion of them ; which we will follow 
+alfo, if you pleafe, in our Difcourfe. 
+
+P. How can I deny myfelf that moft ufeful Pleafure^ 
+which I fball reap from your Converfatiorl ? 
+
+M . You fee that the three Clailes, which I mention¬ 
+ed to you, are here divided into fix, and painted upon 
+the feveral Parts of the Pantheon . i. You fee the Ce- 
+lefial Gods and Goddefles upon an Arch. 2. The 
+ref rial , upon the Wall on the Right-hand 3. The Ma¬ 
+rine and River Gods upon the Wall of the Left. 4. The 
+Infernal on the lower Apartment by the Pavement* 
+
+5. The Minuti , or Semones , and Mifcellanei before you. 
+
+6. The Adfcriptitii and Indigetes behind you. Our Dif¬ 
+courfe fhall likewife confift of {ix Parts ; in each of 
+which I {hall lay before you whatfoever I have found 
+moft remarkable amongft the beft Authors upon this 
+Subjeft, if fo be you can bear with my Talkativenels. 
+
+P. Six', you jeft when you call it Tallcativenefs. Can 
+any Difcourfe be more pleafant to me? 
+
+JU. Then, fince it pleafes you, let us lit down toge¬ 
+ther a while ; And, fince the Place is free from all 
+Company, we will take a deliberate View of the 
+whole Army of Gods, and infpe<ft them one after ano¬ 
+ther; beginning, as is fit, with the Celefial , and fo 
+with Jove y according to the Direction of the * Poet. 
+
+3 Ah Jove principium Mufie ; Jovzs omnia plena . 
+
+From the great Father of the Gods above 
+My Mufe begins ; for all is full of Jove. 
+
+Virg . Edog. 3. 
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of ike Gods of the Heathens , 
+
+
+IP 
+
+CHAP. IV. 
+
+% 
+
+Of the Celeflial Gods. Jupiter. His Image . 
+
+M* T^HE Gods, commonly called the Celeflial, are 
+
+JL thefe that follow : Jupiter, Apollo, Mars, 
+Mercury, and Bacchus. The Celeflial Goddejfes are Juno, 
+Vefla, Minerva or Pallas, Venus, Luna, and Bellona . 
+V/e will begin with Jupiter, the King of them all. 
+
+P. Where is Jupiter ? 
+
+M. Look up to the Arch. You may eafily know 
+him by his Habit. He is a the Father and King of 
+Gods and 3 fe?z, whom you fee fitting in a Throne of 
+Ivory and Gold, under a rich Canopy, with a Beard, 
+holding Thunder in his Right-hand, which he bran- 
+difhes 'againft the Giants at his Feet, whom he for¬ 
+merly conquered. His Sceptre, they fay, is made of 
+Cyprefs, which is a Symbol of the Eternity of his Em¬ 
+pire, becaufe that Wood is free from Corruption b . 
+On his Sceptre fits a n Eagle; either becaufe he was 
+brought up by it c ; or heretofore an Eagle , refting up¬ 
+on his Head, portended his Reign ; or becaufe, in his 
+Wars with the Giants d , an Eagle brought him his 
+Thunder, and thence received the Title of Jupiter's 
+Armour-hearer . e He wears Golden Shoes, and an em¬ 
+broidered Cloak, adorned with various Flowers and 
+Figures of Animals; which Dionyfius the Tyrant, as 
+it is faid, took from him in Sicily, and, giving him a 
+woollen Cloak inftead of it, faid, f That that would 
+he more convenient for hi??i in all Seafons, flnee it was 
+warmer in the JVinter , and much lighter in the Sum¬ 
+mer . Yet let it not feem a Wonder to you, if by 
+
+t 
+
+* 
+
+t 
+
+a Djvum pater atque hominum rex. Vir. JE n: i. Pau- 
+ian* in Eliac. Lucian, defacrif. b Apud Laert. 1 . 3 . c Mae- 
+ro ap. Nat. Com. d Serv. in i. « Jovis Armiger . 
+Vir. JEn* 5. i Cicero de Nat. Deor. 1 . 3. 
+
+Chance 
+
+T 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. t z 
+
+Chance you fhould fee him in another Place, in another 
+Drefs : For, he is wont to be decked in feveral Fafhi- 
+pns, according to the various Names he affumes, an 4 
+according to' the Diverfity of the People, amongft 
+whom he is worshipped. Particularly you will fmile 
+yvhen you fee him amongft the 5 Lacedemonians without 
+pars ; whereas the Cretans are fo liberal to him in thisf 
+Particular, that they give him four. So much for the 
+Figure of 'Jupiter* For, if it were my Defign tofpeak 
+pf his Statue , I fhould repeat here what h Verrius fays, 
+that his Face upon Holy-Days ought to be painted with Ver¬ 
+milion ; as the Statues of the reft of the Gods alfo ufed 
+
+« S i * 
+
+to be fmeared with Ointments, and adorned with Gar-r 
+lands, according tq an Obfervation of 1 Plautus . 
+
+P. Was the Power of darting Thunder and Light¬ 
+ning in the Hands of Jupiter only ? 
+
+JV 1 . The learned k Hetrurians teach us, that this 
+Power was committed to .nine Gods ; but to which of 
+
+# •• * * * I m 
+
+them it dqes not plainly appear. Some, befides Jupi¬ 
+ter y mention Vulcan and Minerva, where the Phrafe, 
+Minervales manubice , fignifies Thunder ; (as the Books 
+of thofe ancient HetrjJci called Strokes of Thunder 
+Manubias) becaufe the noxious Conftellation of Mi¬ 
+nerva is the Caufe of Tempefts in the Vernal Equinox . 
+1 Pftiers fay, that Thunder was alfo attributed to Juno, 
+to Mars , and to the South Wind ; and they reckon up fe¬ 
+veral Kinds of Thunders ; Fulmina m Pere?nptalia , Pejii- 
+fera , Popularia , Perverja , Renovativa * Ojlentatoida , Cla - 
+ra, Familiaria, Bruta , Confdiaria : But the Romans 
+commonly took notice of no more than two ; n the 
+Diuy'nal Thunder, which they attributed to Jupiter ; 
+and the 0 Notturnal, which they attributed to Stmimanusy 
+pr Pluto . Now let us go on to Jupiter's Birth. 
+
+
+e Plut. de Ofir. & Ifid. h Ap. Guthcr. dejur. Man. Plin. 
+1 . 3 cap. 7. 1 In Afinar. k Plin. 1 . 2. c. 5 1. Sciv. 1. & 
+%, JEtu 1 Scrv. 8. JE n. n * Plin. 1. 2. c. 43, 51, 52. Amin. 
+
+Marcel. 1. 2 . “ Ka^uivofioAiot. vvy.TsqiKCc, 
+
+• Elx Guther. dc lur. Man. lib. 1. c. 3. 
+
+~ SECT- 
+
+
+
+IS Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 
+
+SECT. IT. 
+
+Jupiter** Defcent and Education . 
+
+P, IirHO were Jupiter s Parents ? 
+
+W A/. One Anfwer will not fully fatisfy this 
+one Queftion, fince there is not one Jupiter , but ma¬ 
+ny, who are fprung from different Families. a < TboJb 
+•who were /killed in the Heathen 'Theology , reckon up three 
+Jupiters ; of which the firjl andfecond were born in Ar¬ 
+cadia, The Father of the one was /Ether; from whom 
+Proferpine and Liber are faid to be born. The Father of 
+the other was Ccplus ; he is faid to have begot Minerva, 
+The third was a Cretan, the Son ^Saturn, zvhofe To?nb is 
+yet extant hi the Ifle of Crete. b But Varro reckoned up 
+three hundred Jupzters: c and others reckon almoftan 
+innumerable Company of them ; for, there was hardly 
+any Nation which did not worffiip a Jupiter of their 
+own, and fuppofe him to be born amongft themfelves. 
+But of all thefe the mo ft famous Jupiter , according to 
+the general Opinion, is He^ whofe Mother was Ops, 
+and whofe Father was Saturn ; to whom therefore all, 
+£hat the Poets fabuloufly writ about the other Jupzters , 
+is ufualljr aferibed. 
+
+P. Where and by whom was this Jupiter edu¬ 
+cated ? 
+
+M, He was educated where he was born* that is, 
+upon the Mountain Ida in Crete ; but by whom, the 
+Variety of Opinions is wonderful. d For fome affirm, 
+that he was educated by the Curetes and Corybantes ; 
+fome fay by the Nyznphs ; and fome, by Amalth&a , the 
+Daughter of Meliffus , King of Crete . Others, on the 
+contrary* have recorded, that the Bees fed him with 
+Honey. Others, that a Goat gave him Milk. Not a 
+
+a Tully d? Nat. Deor. 1 . 3. 
+
+b Apud Agguft. de Civit. c Eufeb, Ccef. 1 . 2. pra?p. 
+Evang. d Vid. Nat. Com, in Jove. 
+
+few 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* .23 
+
+few fay that he was nourifhed by Doves ; fome, by 
+an Eagle j many by a Bear. And further, it is the 
+Opinion of fome, concerning the aforefaid Amalthrea? 
+that {he was not the Daughter of Mclijfus , as we now 
+mentioned 3 but the very Goat which 1'uckled Jupiter? 
+whofe c Horn, it is faid, he gave afterwards to his Nur- 
+fes, with this admirable Privilege* that whofoever pofi* 
+fefied it, fhould immediately obtain every Thing that 
+he deftrcd. They add beftdes, that, after this Goat was 
+dead, Jupiter took her Skin, and made a Shield of it 9 
+with which he fingly combated the Giants 3 whence 
+that Shield was called Mgis f , from a Greek Word 
+which ftgnifies a Sbe-Goat , which at laft he reftored to 
+Life again, and, giving her a new Skin, placed her 
+amongft the Celeftral Conftellations. 
+
+
+e Cornu Amaltha:a?. r ’Ako t alyoq. 
+
+
+SECT. IIL 
+
+
+
+upiter's Exploits . 
+
+
+P. 117 HEN Jupiter was grown a Man, What 
+V? did he perform worthy of Memory ? 
+
+M. He overcame in W*ar the Giants and the "Titans 9 
+(of whom we fhall fay more when we fpeak of Saturn 3) 
+and alfo delivered his Father Saturn from Imprifonment j 
+but afterwards depofed him from the Throne, and ba- 
+nifhed him, becaufe he formed a Confpiracy againft 
+him ; and then divided the paternal Inheritance with 
+his two Brothers, Neptzme and Pluto : as more largely 
+will be fhewn in its proper Place, when we fpeak of each 
+of them apart. In fine, he fo aftifted and obliged all 
+Mankind by the great Favours that he did, that he not 
+only thence obtained the Name of g Jupiter , but he was 
+advanced alfo unto divine Honours, and was efteemed 
+
+
+
+s Jupiter , qua ft juvans Pater. Cic. 2, de Nat. Deor. 
+
+
+
+24 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+the common Father both of Gods and Men . Amongft 
+fome of his moft illuftrious Actions* we ought to re¬ 
+member the Story of Lycaon. For, when "Jupiter had 
+heard a Report concerning the Wicfcednefs and great 
+Impiety of Men, it is faid that he defcended from 
+Heaven to the Earth, to know the real Truth of it, 
+and, that being come into the Houfe of Lycaon , King 
+o % Arcadia^ where he declared himfelf to be a God, 
+whilfi: others were preparing Sacrifices for him, Lycaon 
+derided him; nor did he flop here; he added an 
+abominable Wickednefs to his Contempt, and, being 
+defiroiis to try whether Jupiter was a God, as he pre¬ 
+tended, he kills one of his domeftick Servants, and 
+roafis and boils the Flefh of him, and fets it on the 
+Table as a Banquet for Jupiter ; who, abhorring the 
+Wretch’s Barbai'ity, 1 fired the Palace with Lightning, 
+and turned Lycaon into a Wolf. 
+
+P . Are there no Exploits of his ? 
+
+M. Yes, indeed; 2 but they are very lewd and dif- 
+honourable : I am almoft afhamed to mentionthem. 
+For, Was there any Kind of Lewdnefs of which he 
+was not guilty ! or any Mark of Infamy that is not 
+branded upon his Name ? I will only mention a few 
+Actions of this Sort among many. 
+
+1. In the Shape of a Crow 3 he ruined his Sifter 
+Juno } who was born at the fame Birth with him, de¬ 
+luding her with Promifes of Marriage : And how 
+many Women does that Pretence delude even now ? 
+
+2 . He violated the Chaftity of Datiac , the Daughter 
+of Acriftus , King of the Argivcs^ though her Father had 
+fhut her up in a Tower ; becaufe the Oracle had fore¬ 
+told, that he fhould be (lain by his Grandfon : For, 
+changing himfelf into a 4 Shower of Gold , he Aid down 
+through the Roofsand Tiles of the Place into the Lady’s 
+Lap- And, indeed, V/hat Place is there is fo fortified and 
+
+
+1 Ovid. Met. I. i. 2 Apollon. 4. Argon. 
+2- Metam. * Ovid. 4. Met. 
+
+
+3 JDoroth. 
+guarded. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . i § 
+
+guarded, into which Love cannot find Paflage ? Is 
+there any Heart fo very hard and ftubborn, that Money 
+cannot foften it ! What Way is not fafe, what Paflage 
+is not open, what Undertaking is impoflible 1 to a God* 
+who turns himfelf into Money to make a Purchafe ? 
+
+3. He corrupted a Lecla , the Wife of Tyndarus , King 
+of Laconia , in the Similitude of a Swan : Thus a fair 
+Out-fide oft-times veils the fouleft Temper, and is a 
+beautiful Cover to a mod deformed Mind. 
+
+4. He abufed 3 Aniiope , the Wife of Lycus, King of 
+Thebes, in the Likenefs of a Satyr. 
+
+5. He defiled 4 Alcmena , the Wife of Arnphytrion , in 
+her Hufband’s Abfence, in the Likenefs of Amphytrion 
+himfelf. 
+
+6. He inflamed 5 /Eg In a, the Daughter of Mfopus y 
+King of Bee oil a, with Love* in the Similitude of Fire* 
+(a lively-Reprefentation of his Crime) and robbed her 
+of her Chaftityv 
+
+7. He deflowered 6 Clytoris , a Virgin of 7 " hejjalla, a 
+great Beauty, by turning himfelf into. What? O ri¬ 
+diculous ! into an Ant. And many Times, indeed, it 
+happens, that great Mifchiefs arife from very fmall 
+Beginnings. 
+
+8. He debauched 7 Calljlo , the Daughter of Lycaon , 
+King of Arcadia , counterfeiting, which is very ftrange, 
+the Modefty and Countenance of Diana. And yet he 
+did not protedl her from the Difgrace that afterwards 
+followed'. For, asfhe began to grow big, and walhed 
+herfelf in the Fountain with Diana , and the other 
+Nymphs, her Fault was difeovered, and herfelf fhame- 
+fully turned away by Diana firft, then changed by Juno 
+into a Bear . But, "Why do I fay fhamefully ? when her 
+Difgrace was taken away by Jupiter , who advanced 
+
+
+1 Converfo in pretimnDeo. Horat. 3. carm. ~ A rat. in 
+Phamom, 3 Ovid. 6, Metam. 4 Idem ibid. 5 Idem ibid. 
+6 Arqob. ap. Gyr. ? Bocat^lib. 5. de Gen. Deorum, 
+cap. 49. 
+
+
+£ 
+
+
+this 
+
+
+[ 
+
+
+2 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . i 
+
+this Bear into Heaven, and made it a Conftellatlon i ! 
+which by the Latins is called Urfa Major , and by the j 
+Greeks, Me lice. 
+
+g. He fent an a Eagle to fnatch away the pretty Boy 
+Ganymede , the Son of Tres\ as he hunted upon the 
+Mountain Ida . Or rather he himfelf, being changed 
+into an Eagle , took him into his Claws, and carried him 
+up to Heaven. He offered the fame Violence to Afteria 9 
+the Daughter of Casus, a young Lady of the greateft 
+Modefty, to whom b he appeared in the Shape of an 
+Eagle , and when he had ravifhed her, he carried her 
+away in his Talons. 
+
+io. He undid c Europa , the Daughter of Agenor * 
+King of Phoenicia, in the Form of a beautiful white 
+Bull , and carried her into Crete with him. See how [ 
+many feveral Beafts Man refembles, who has‘once put 
+-off his Modefty 1 And by how many various Fables '] 
+this one Truth is reprefented, that the very Gods by j! 
+Pra&ice of impure Luft become Brutes. The Bzdl, in | 
+Reality, was the Ship upon which a Bull was painted, \ 
+in which Europa was carried away. In like Manner I 
+the Horfe Pegafus , that was painted upon Bellerophon\ I 
+Ship, and the Ram, which was painted on that of | 
+Phryxus and Hellc, created ample Matter of Fidtion for j 
+the Poets. But to return to our Fable, Agenor imme-j 
+diately ordered d his Son Cadmus to travel, and fearchi 
+every where for his Sifter Europa, which he did, but] 
+could no where find her. Cadmus dared not to re-j 
+turn without her, becaufe, c by a Sentence not lefsj 
+unjuft to him, than kind to his Sifter, his Father had) 
+hanifhed him for ever, unlefs he found her. Where-! 
+fore he built the City of Thebes, not far from the 
+
+
+a Virg. 5. J£n. Ovid. Metam. 10. b Fulgent. Plan; 
+t Ovid. 6. Metam. d Ovid. 3. Metam. j 
+
+e Cum pater ignarm Cadmo perquirere rap!am 
+Imperat , & pcenam , ft non in<venerit, addit 
+Exilium , facto pi us & feeler at us eodem . Id. ib. i 
+
+Mould 
+
+! 
+
+
+5 
+
+
+V 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 17 
+
+Mountain Parnajfus $ and whereas it happened that his 
+Companions that were with him were devoured by a 
+.certain Serpent, whilft they went abroad to fetch Wa¬ 
+ter > he, to avenge their Death, flew-that Serpent* 
+whofeTeeth he took out, and, by the Advice .ofJkf/- 
+7ierva , flowed them in,the Ground ; and fluddenly a Hal¬ 
+ve ft of armed Soldiers (prouted up; who quarrelling 
+among themflelves, with the flame Speed that they grew 
+-up, mowed one another down again, excepting five on¬ 
+ly, by whom that Country was peopled afterward. At 
+length Cadmus and his Wife :Her?ntone? or ,Hermonia , 9 
+after much Experience, and many Proofs of the Incon- 
+fhmey of JFortune, were changed into Serpents. He is 
+laid to 3 have-invented fix teen of the .Letters of .the G 7 'eck 
+Alphabet: y 9 e, a, ^ v, o, p, cr , 7b v, which, 
+
+in the Time of .the Judges «of hebroiight out of 
+
+'Phoenicia into Greece; two hundred and fifty Years af¬ 
+ter which, Paht?tiedes added four more Letters, namely 
+
+in the Time of the Siege of Troy: (although 
+'Jfome affirm that Epichar?nus invented the Letters 0 and 
+% : and, fix hundred and fifty Years after the Siege of 
+T'royj Simonides invented the other four Letters, namely, 
+v), a, J/. 'Cadmus is alflo faid to have taught the 
+Manner of writing,in Profle; and that he was the finft 
+among the G??eehs^ who .confederated Statues .to the 
+Honour of the Gods. 
+
+Now the Hifiorical Meaning of the Fable, perhaps*, 
+•is this : b Cad?mis was in Truth King of S'uhn^ by Na¬ 
+tion a Kadnmriite^ asdris Name intimates ; of the Num¬ 
+ber of thofle mentioned by c Mojes. Which Knd?nomU.s 
+•were the flame .with the d Hivitcs , who poilcflcd the 
+
+
+Bids Cadmus trace.and find the raviflfld Fair, 
+
+•Or hope no more to br.earbe Pbccnician A ir. 
+
+Both juft and wicked in the flame Deftgn ; 
+
+'The Care was pious, but too great the Fine. 0 -i>/d. Met. 3. 
+3 PJ. 3. c. z9. Ca?fl 39. 24. b Bocbart. 2. p. Geogr. % c. 
+S'Q, c Geu. 15, 29. d Idem enm Hevctis; • Bocharr: ibid. 
+
+I * C Maun- 
+
+
+18 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Mountain Herman , and were thence alfo called Her* 
+monai : And To it came to pafs, that the Wfife of Cad - 
+?nus had the Name of Hermiona or Hermi one , from the 
+fame Mountain. And why is it faid, that Catbnus's 
+Companions were converted into Serpents, unlefs be- 
+caufe the Word Hevcsus in the Syriac .Language figni¬ 
+fies a Serpent ? Moreover, another Word of a double 
+Signification in the fame Language occafioned the Fa¬ 
+ble, that armed Soldiers fprouted forth from the Teeth 
+of the Serpent : For, a the fame Word fignifies both 
+Serpents Teeth and brazen Spear j, with which b Cadmus 
+firft armed his Soldiers in Greece , being indeed tKe In¬ 
+ventor. of Brafs \ infomuch that the Ore , of which Brafs 
+is made, is from him even now called Cadmia . As to 
+the five Soldiers, which are faid to furvive all the reft 
+of their Brethren, who fprouted up out of the Teeth 
+of the Serpent, the fame Syriac Word fignifies c Five , 
+and alfo a Man ready for Battle , according as-it is dif¬ 
+ferently pronounced. 
+
+• m 
+
+a Hygin. c. 2. 4. b jPiin. 1 . 34. c. 1 . 10. c Bochartus 
+ut fupra, 
+
+SECT. IV. Jupiter’s Names . 
+
+§ 
+
+P. IT O W many Names has Jupiter ? 
+
+XT! did. They can hardly be numbered ; fo ma¬ 
+ny were the Names which he obtained, either from the 
+‘Places where he lived and was worfhipped, or from the 
+Things that he did. The more remarkable I will here 
+fet down alphabetically. 
+
+Th e Greeks called him a Ammon y or Hammon , which 
+Name fignifies Sandy . He obtained this Name firft in 
+'Lybia , where he was worfhipped under the Figure of a 
+Ram 5 becaufe when Bacchus was a-thirft in the fabu¬ 
+lous Deferts of Arabia , and implored the AfHftahce of 
+Jupiter , Jupiter , appearing in the Form of a Ram, 
+
+a Arenarias ab Arena, PJut. in Oiir. V . Curt. I. 4. 
+
+ooehetl 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . i g 
+
+©pened a Fountain with his Foot, and difcovered it to 
+him. But others give this Reaion, becaufe ‘Jupiter in 
+War wore a Helmet, whofe Creffc was a Ram’s Head. 
+
+The Babyloniazzs and jiJJyrians , whom he governed, 
+called him h Belus , who was the impious Author of 
+Idolatry; and, becaufe of the Uncertainty of his De- 
+fcent, they believed that he had neither Father nor 
+Mother ; and therefore he was thought the firft: of all 
+Gods : In different Places and Languages he was af¬ 
+terwards called Bee!? Baal? Beelphegor , Beclzebz/b , and 
+Belzeznen . 
+
+Jupiter was called * Capitolinus , from the Capitoline 
+Hill, upon the Top whereof he had the firft: Temple 
+that ever was built in Rome $ which Tarquin the Elder 
+firft vowed to build, 'Tarquin the Proud "built, and Ho - 
+ratius the Conful dedicated. He was belides called 
+Tarpeius , from the Tarpeian Rock on which this Tem¬ 
+ple was built. He was alfo ftiled k Optimus Maximus? 
+from his Power and Willingnefs to profit all Men. 
+
+He is alfo called 1 Ciz/Ios. There is in Nero’s Coins 
+an Image of him fitting on his Throne, which bears in 
+its Right-hand Thunder, and in its Left a Spear, with 
+this Infcription, Jupiter Cujios . 
+
+Antiently in fome Forms of Oaths he was commonly 
+called m JDiefpiter , the Father of Light ;. as we fhall far- 
+therremark prefently under the Word Lapis-? and to the 
+fame Purpofe he was by the n Cretans called directly Dies . 
+
+The Title of Dodonaus was given him from the 
+City Dodona in Chaonia , which was fo called from 
+Dodona , a Nymph of the Sea. Near to which City 
+
+M 
+
+h Berof. J. 4. Eufebius; 1 . 1. prarp. Evang. Hier. 1. in 
+Cl earn. 
+
+1 O Capitoline, quern, propter bencficia, populus Roma- 
+
+.nus Optimum, propter, vim. Maximum appelJavit, Tull, de 
+Nat. Deorum i. 
+
+k Plin. Liv. flut. Tacit. 19, 
+
+1 Apul. de mundo. Senec. 2. an, nat. 
+m Quail did pater. -Var. de Lingua Latina. 
+n Macrob. in Saturn, ap. Bochart. in Geogr, 
+
+C 2 there 
+
+
+
+20 Of the Gods of the Heathens «. 
+
+there was a Grove facred to Jupiter* which was plant¬ 
+ed with Oaks, and famous ; becaufe in it was the an- 
+
+tienteft Oracle of all Greece. Two Doves delivered 
+
+* 
+
+Refponfes there to thofe, who confulted it. Or, as 
+others ufe to fay, p the Leaves of the Oaks themfelves 
+became Vocal, and gave forth Oracles. 
+
+• He was named q Eticius , Becaufe the Prayers of Men 
+may bring him down from Heaven* 
+
+The Name Feretrius is given him, becaufe r hefmites 
+his Enemies $ or becaufe he is the 5 Giver of Peace ; for, 
+when a Peace was made, the Scepter by which the Em- 
+bafladors fwore and the Flint-ftone on which they con¬ 
+firmed their Agreement, were fetched out of his Tem¬ 
+ple : or laftly, becaufe, after they had overcome their 
+Enemies, they 1 carried the grand Spoils (Spolia opima) 
+to his Temple. Romulus firfl prefented fuch Spoils to 
+'Jupiter , after he had ilain Acron , King of Can in a * and 
+Cornelius Galius offered the fame Spoils after he had 
+conquered Tolumnius King of Hetruria ; and thirdly, 
+M. Marcellas , when he had vanquifhed Viridomarus 
+King of the Gauls , as we read in u Virgil. 
+
+Thofe Spoils were called Opima , which one Gene-* 
+ral took from the other in Battle. 
+
+Fulminatory or xV Ceraunius , in Greek Ke^at'wo?,. is 
+Jupiter's. Title, from hurling Thunder, which- is 
+
+
+p Alex, ab Alex. c. 2. 
+
+q Quod ccelo praxibus eliciatur, fic Ovid. Faff, 3. ~ 
+
+El: ci unt cczlo ie Jupiter ; unde Mir ores 
+
+Rune quoqu? ie celebrant , Ehci unique *vocanf • 
+
+Jove can’t refill the juft Man’s Cries, 
+
+They bring him down e’en from the Skies; 
+
+Hence he’s Elicius call’d. 
+
+- r A feriendo, quod hofles feriat. 5 vel a. ferenda pace. Fell, 
+£ Vel a ferendis fpoliis opimis in ejus Templum. Flut. in. 
+Jlom. Dion. 2. 
+
+u Perilaque arma Pafri fufpendet capia Spuirino. 
+
+And the third Spoils fhali grace Peretrian Jove. 
+
+JELxi. 6. w $er*v. ibid. 
+
+thought 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 2 r : 
+
+thought to be his proper Office, if we believe the 
+
+* Poet. 
+
+In Lycia they worfhipped him under the * Name of 
+Gragus , [Grapfes,] and Genitor . 
+
+In JEgium, about the Sea-coaft, he is faid to havfe 
+had a Temple, with the Name of r Homogynus . 
+
+At Pranejle he was called hnperator . s "There was 
+a moft famous Statue of him there, afterwards tran- 
+
+flated to Ro7ne . 
+
+He was called LatiaVis , 1 becaufe he was worlhipped 
+in Latium , a Country of Italy; whence the” Latin Fes¬ 
+tivals are denominated, to which all thofe Cities of Ita- 
+
+9 
+
+/y reforted, who deiired to be Partakers of the Solemni¬ 
+ty; and brought to yupiter feveral Oblations : Particu¬ 
+larly a Bull was facrificed at that Xime, in the com¬ 
+mon Name of them all, whereof every one took a Part, 
+The Name Lapis , or, as others write, Lapideus * 
+was given him by the Rojnans , who believed that an 
+Oath, w made in the Name of yupiter Lapis, was the 
+moft folemn of all Oaths. And it is derived either 
+from the Stone, which was prefented to Saturn by his 
+Wife Ops, who faid it was yupiter , in which Senfe 
+
+* Eufebius fays, that Lapis reigned in Crete \ or from 
+the Flmt-Jlone, which, in making Bargains, the Swearer 
+held in his Hand, and faid. If k.720wingly I deceive , 
+Jo let Diefpiter, faving the ■City and the Capitol, cajl me 
+
+
+P Horat. 3 Carm. and Virgil. JEn. i. 
+
+— - O que res bominumque Deumque 
+
+JFiernis regis imperils, J'ulmine ter res* 
+
+O King of Gods and Men, whofe awful Hand 
+Difperfes Thunder on the Seas and Land ; 
+
+Difpenfing all with absolute Command. 
+
+* Lycophron. r Virg. 1 . I. Sc 4. ^En. 
+
+3 Paufan. Sc Hefych. Liv. 6. 
+
+1 Cic. pro Milone, 86. Dion. 1 . 4. 
+
+u Latinas Fe'rias. w Juramenturn per Jovem Lapidem 
+omnium fandifUmuni, Cic. 7. Epilt. 12. * In Chron. 
+
+C 3 
+
+
+
+2 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+away from all that 9 s goody as / cajl away this Stone ~ 
+p whereupon he threw the Stone away. The Romans 
+had another Form, not unlike to this, of making Bar¬ 
+gains : It will not be amifs to mention it here ;. q If 
+with evil Intention 1 at any "Time deceive ; upon that Day , 
+O Jupiter, fo Jlrike thou me , as I/ball this DayJlrike this 
+SwinCy andjo'much the moreJlrike thou 9 as thou art the 
+more able andJkilful to do it $ whereupon he ftruck down 
+the Swine. 
+
+In the Language of the People of Ca?npa?iiay he is 
+called Lucetius from Lux ; and among the Latins r Dief- 
+piter from Dies. Which Names were given to Jupiter 9 
+5 becaufe he cheers and comfor is us with the Light of the Day 
+as much as with Life itfclf: Or, becaufe he was believ¬ 
+ed to be the Caufe of Lis;ht r . 
+
+The People of Elis ufed to celebrate him by the Ti¬ 
+tle of 11 Ikfartius . 
+
+■ 
+
+He was alfo called w MufcariuSy becaufe he drove a- 
+way the Flies : For, when Hercules's religious Exer- 
+cifes were interrupted by a Multitude of Flies, he there¬ 
+upon offered a Sacrifice to Jupiter , which being finifh- 
+ed, all the Flies flew away. 
+
+x NicephdruSy that is, carrying Victory 5 and, by the 
+Oracle of Jupiter Ntccpborusy the Emperor Adrian was 
+told, that he fhould be promoted to the Empire. Livy 
+often mentions him ; and many Coins are extant* 
+
+
+P Si feiens fallo, me Diefpiter, falva urbe, areeque, bonis 
+ejiciat, ut ego hunc Tapidem. Fell. ap. Lil. 
+
+q Si dolo malo aliquando fallam, tu illo die, Jupiter , me 
+fic ferito, ut ego hunc porcum hodie feriam ; tantoque ma- 
+gis ferito, quanto magis potes, poliefque. Liv. 1. 1 • 
+r Serv. 9. JEn. 
+
+3 Quod nos die ac luce quafi vita ipsa afficeret ac juvaret. 
+Aul. Cell. 
+
+* Feflus. u Zeve, Jupiter pugnax. Plut. in Pyrrho. 
+
+w . mufearum abator. Paufan. 5. Eliac. 
+x N/. s. Vi&oriam geftans. iElias Spart. jn A- 
+driani vita. 
+
+
+* 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 23 
+
+In which is the Image of Jupiter bearing Victory in 
+his Hand. 
+
+He was called alfo p Qpitulus , or Opitulator , the Hel¬ 
+per ; and Centipeda from his Slabi 1 i ty ; beca ufe th ofc 
+"Things fland fecure and firm which have many Feet. 
+He was called Stabilitor and Tigellus , becaufe he fup- 
+ports the World. Almas alfo and Alummrt^ becaufe he 
+cherifhes all Things : And Rumhrns from Ru?na y which 
+fignifies the Nipple, by which he nourifhes Animals. 
+
+He is alfo.named 11 Qly?npius from Olympus , the Name 
+of the Maflrer who taught him, and of the Heaven where¬ 
+in he refides; or, of a City which flood near the Moun¬ 
+tain Olympus , and was anciently celebrated far and near, 
+becaufe there a Temple was dedicated to Jupiter , arid 
+Games folemnized every five Years. r To this Jupiter 
+Olympus the firftCupwas facrificed in their Feflivals. 
+
+When the Gauls befieged the Capitol, an Altar was 
+ereCied to Jupiter 5 Pijlor ; becaufe he put it into the 
+Minds of the Romans . to make Loaves of Bread, and 
+throw them into the Gauls Tents ; whereupon the Siege 
+was raifed. 
+
+The Athenians ereCted a Statue to him, and worfhip- 
+ped it upon the Mountain Hymettus , giving him in 
+that Place the Title of 1 Pluvius ; this Title is men¬ 
+tioned by u "Tibullus . 
+
+Precdator was alfo his Name; not becaufe he pro¬ 
+tected Robbers , but becaufe, out of all the Booty taken 
+from the Enemy, one Part was due to him. w For, 
+when the Romans went to War, they ufed to devote to 
+
+
+p Qnafi opis lator. Fell. Aug. 7. de Civit. 
+m Paufan. Att. & Eliac. Liv. J. 4. dec. 4. 
+
+*• Pollux. 
+
+0 A pinfendo Ovid. 6. Fall. LaCh 1 . 12. Liv. 1 . 5/ 
+r Phurnut. in Jovin. 
+
+u Arida nec Pluvio fupplicat berba Jo-vi. 
+
+Nor the parch’d Grafs for Rain from Jove doth c ill. 
+
+* Serv. 5;. JE.n-. 
+
+C 4. the 
+
+
+24 Of She- Gods of the- Heathens'. 
+
+the Odds a Part of the Spoil that they fhould get>; 
+and for that Reafon there was a Temple at Ro?ne dedi¬ 
+cated to ‘Jupiter 'Predator.. 
+
+Qulrinusy as appears by that Verfe of Virgily which- 
+v/e cited above p, when he fpoke of the Name Feretrius . 
+
+Rex -and Regnat'or are his common Titles in tj Virgil 
+Homery and Ennius,. 
+
+Jupiter is alfo called r &'fatfry. which Title he firfb 
+had from Romulus on this'' Occafion : When Romulus - 
+was fighting with the SabineSy his Soldiers began to- 
+xTy; whereupon Romidusy as s ZzVy relates, ; thus prayed' 
+Vo Jupitery O thou Father- of the Gods and Mankind 9 at 
+this Place at leaf drive hack the Ehemyy take away the 
+Fear of the Romans, and Jlop their dijhonourable Flight „ 
+And l vow to / build a 'Temple to thee upon the fame Place 
+that J})cdl bear the Name of Jupiter Stator, for a Monu¬ 
+ment: to- Pojlerityy that it was from thy immediate Jlf 
+fftanee that Rome received its Prefer vail on. After this 
+Prayer the Soldiers flopped, and, returning again to* 
+the Battle, obtained'the Vidtory 5; whereupon Romulus? 
+con fee rated a Temple to Jupiter Siator . 
+
+The Greeks called hnrrS^T^ [foterl Scrvator % the* 
+Samoury becaufe he delivered them, from the Medes a . 
+Confervaibr alfo was his Title,., as appears from divers 
+of Dioclefaris Coins; in which his Effigies Rands, with 
+Thunder brandifhed in his Right-hand, and a Spear in* 
+his .Left i with>this*InfcrFption, ConfcrvatarL In others,, 
+
+P Note 6, on Page 20'. 
+
+9 ? Di<vihn Pater at que hotninurnRex. Vir. JE n.-I« Sc l O', 
+
+The Father of the Gods, and King of Men,. 
+
+$ummi Regnat or Olympic . ^En. 7. 
+
+Ruler of the higheil Heaven,. 
+
+r A fiando veffiftendOo. 
+
+3 , Tu pater Deum homfn unique; hinc fal’tem arce hoffem* 
+deme terrorem Romanis, fug am que feed am fi fie. Hie ego 
+tibr Templum Statori-Jovi, quod monumentum fit pofieris 
+ttra prcefenci ope fervatam Urbem efie, voveo. Liv^ L i~ 
+
+‘•Strabo, 1 . 9. A*man.. 84 deGeff. Alex-- 
+
+
+iinflead' 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 2-$ 
+
+znftead of Thunder, he holds forth a little Image of 
+Victory* with this Infcription, Jovi ConfervatoriOrbis*, 
+to Jupiter the Co?ifervator of the World . 
+
+The Augurs called f him Tonans and Fidgens . And 
+the Emperor Augujhis dedicated a Temple to him fo 
+called 5 wherein was a Statue of Jupiter , to which a 
+Tittle Bell was fattened* ^ He is alfo called by Orpheus 
+BgollccTo; [Brontaius ] and b)' Apuleius , “ ^Tonitrualis , the 
+\Thunderer : And an Infcription is to be feen upon a 
+Stone at Ro?nc y Jovz Brontonti .• 
+
+1 ! Trioculus , \fTriophtbahnos] was alfo at* 
+
+Epithet given him by the Grecians , who thought that 
+he had three Eyes* with one of which he obferved the 
+Affairs of Heaven, with another the Affairs of the 1 
+Earth, and with the third he viewed the Sea-Affairs. 
+There was a Statue of him of this Kind in Priamus 9 s 
+Palace at "Troy ; which, befide the ufual two Eyes* 
+had a third in the Forehead. 
+
+k Vcjovis , or Vejupiter , and Vedius y that is, little Jupi¬ 
+ter^ was his Title when he was defcribed without his 
+Thunder, viewing angrily fhort Spears which he. held 
+in his Hand : The Romans accounted him a fatal and 
+noxious Deity; and therefore they worfhipped him^ 
+only that he might not hurt them. 
+
+Agrippa dedicated a Pantheon to Jupiter TJltor , the 
+Avenger , at Rome , according to 1 Pliny. 
+
+He was likewife called, m Xenius , or Hofpitalis , Hof- 
+pitable ; becaufe he was thought the Author of the 
+Laws and Cuftoms concerning HofpitaTity. Whence 
+fhe Greeks call Prefents given to Strangers Xenia , as 
+the Latins called them Lautia * 
+
+. Zsv$ £ n Zeus] is the proper Name of Jupiter , be¬ 
+caufe he gives Life to Animals. 
+
+
+f Cic.de Nat. I. r. § Dio. 1 . 5. 
+
+2. p. 82. 1 Paufan. ap. eundem, 
+
+L 5. Ovid, in Fail. 1 Plin. 36. 1 3. 
+pro Deiot. Plut. qu. Rom. Demoll. Or. de legation 
+
+Phuraut. de Jove. 
+
+SECT, 
+
+
+h Ap. Lil. Gyr. Synt* 
+k Cic. 5. de Nat. Gell. 
+m Serv. i. JEn. Cic. 
+
+11 A 770 
+
+
+4 J 
+
+si& Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+SECT. V. "The Signification of the Fable , and 
+what ts underftood by the Name of Jupiter. 
+
+P. '\T O U have told us the Dreams of the Poets 
+JL about Jupiter ; now, pray Sir, let us know 
+What the Hiflorians and Mythologifls affirm concern¬ 
+ing him. 
+
+Al. Very willingly. g Jupiter was King of Crete „ 
+and, according to Eufebius , contemporary with the Pa¬ 
+triarch Abraham. This Jupiter depofed his Father, and 
+afterwards divided by Lot the Kingdom with his two 
+Brothers Neptune ana Pluto . And, becaufe the Eaftern 
+Part of the Country was by Lot given to Jupiter , the 
+Weftern to Pluto , and the Maritime Parts to Neptune ; 
+they took Occafion from hence to feign, that Jupiter 
+was the God and King of the Heavens, Neptune of the 
+Sea, and Pluto of Hell. . Nay, Jupiter’s Name was fo 
+honoured by Pofterity, that all Kings and Princes were 
+from him called Joves , and the Queens Junones , from 
+Juno the Wife of Jupiter. 
+
+Concerning the Mythologies, or the Interpreters of 
+Fables, 1 /hall only obferve this by the by. There is in 
+thefe Kind of Things fuch a vaft Diverfity of Opinions 
+among them; and, which is yet worfe, the Accounts 
+that many of them give, are fo witlefs and impertinent, 
+fo incongruous to the very Fable, which they pretend 
+to explain, that I think it better to write nothing from 
+them, than to trouble the Reader with thofe Things, 
+which will not probably fatisfybim; which when I can¬ 
+not effect, I will pafs the Bufinefs over in Silence, and 
+leave it to every One’s Difcretion todevife his own Inter¬ 
+pretations For it is better that he himfelf fhould be the 
+Author of his own Miftake than to be led into it by ano¬ 
+ther, becaufe a Slip is more tolerable and eafy when we 
+
+s 
+
+* ♦ 
+
+£ Apud Salian. in Ann. Sc Epitome Turfellim. 
+
+5 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+cmr-* 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 27 
+
+©urfelves fall down, than when others violently pufh 
+us down at unawares ; yet, whenever the Place re¬ 
+quires that I mud give my Expofitions of thefe Fables, 
+that I may difcover fome Meaning that is not repug¬ 
+nant to common Senfe, 1 fhal! not be fo far wanting 
+to my Duty, as that any one fhould juftly accufe me 
+of Negligence. By the prefent Fable 1 mayjuftify 
+my Words $ for oblerve only, how various are Mens 
+Opinions concerning the Signification of the Name 
+Jupiter , and you may guefs at the reft. 
+
+: The Natural Philofophers many Times think that 
+h Heaven is meant by the Name of Jupiter ; whence 
+many Authors exprcfs the Thunder and Lightning, 
+which come from Heaven, by thefe Phrafes : Jove 
+tonantc , fulgent e y &c. and in this Senfe 1 Virgil ufed 
+the Word Olympus . 
+
+k Others imagined that the Air, and the Things 
+that are therein contained, as Thunder, Lightning, 
+Rain, Meteors, and the like, are fignified by the fame 
+Name. In which Senfe J Horace is to be underftood, 
+when he fays fub Jove , that is, in the open Air. 
+
+Some, on the contrary, call the Air Juno ; and the 
+Fire Jupiter , by which the Air being warmed becomes 
+fit for the Generation of Things. 111 Others again call 
+the Sky Jupiter , and the Earth Juno \ becaule out of 
+the Earth all Things fpring ; which n Virgil has ele¬ 
+gantly exprefled in the lecond Book of his Georgies, 
+
+1 Eurl- 
+
+
+h Cic. z. de Nat. Deor. 
+
+i Pandilur interea domus omnipotentis OlytnpL 
+Mean while the Gates of Heaven unfold. ^En. io. 
+k Theocr. Eel. 4. 
+
+I Jacet fub Jove frigido, id ell, fub Dio, vko rov 
+Hor. Od. 1. 
+
+m Lucret. 1 . 1. 
+
+II Vum pater omnipotens faecuvdis imbrihus nether 
+Conjugis in gremium lev tee defce?tdit , & omnes 
+Magnus alii y magno fommijhts <orpore y feet as. 
+
+
+For 
+
+
+2$ Of the Gods qf the Heathens - 
+
+
+1 Euripides thought fo, when he fa id that the Sky 
+ouo-ht to be called Su?n?nus Deus « the Great God. 
+
+* Plato’s Opinion was different ; for he thought that 
+the Sun was Jupiter $ and 5 Homer , together with the 
+aforefaid Euripides , thinks that he is > which iw* 
+
+is, according to + Tally 9 s Definition, The Caufe from all 
+Eternity y why fuch ‘Things , zy*r<? already pa/l-, zoere 
+done ; ^7^/ why fuch Things , #5- doing at prefent , be as 
+they are j and why fuch Things , as are to follow hereafter , 
+jhallfollow accordingly . In fhort, others by Jupiter un- 
+derltand the 5 «SW/ of the World ; which is diffufed not 
+only through all human Bodies, but likewife through all 
+the Parts of the Univerfe, as 6 Virgil poetically defcribes 
+
+it. 
+
+I do not regard the moral Signification of the Fable j 
+that would be an endlefs and impertinent Labour. It 
+
+
+is free, as I faid above, for every one to think what he 
+pleafes, and, according to the Proverb, to abound in 
+his own Senfe. 
+
+
+
+For then th’ Almighty Jo<ve defcends and pours 
+Into his buxom Bride his fruitful Show’rs. 
+
+And, mixing his large Limbs with hers, he feeds 
+Her Births with kindly Juice, and foflers teeming. Seeds, 
+
+1 A pud Cic. de Nat, z In Phard. 3 OdyfF. Jj. 
+
+4 ^Eterna rerum caufa ; cur ea, qu*e preterierint, fadla 
+Pint; & ea, quse, inflant, Eant; Sc ea, qu^e confequentur, 
+futura lint. cic. 1* de Divinat. 
+
+5 Arat. ink. Akron. 
+
+6 Caelum ac terras , campofque liquentes , 
+
+Luceniemque globum Lunre^ Titaniaque afra 
+Sph'it us i?ztus alit, totamque inf fa per artus 
+Metis agitai molem, & mcgnq fe cor pore mi feet . 
+
+--The Heaven and Earth’s compared Frame, 
+
+And flowing Waters, and the Harry Frame, 
+
+And both the radiant Lights one common Soul 
+Infpires, and feeds, and animates the Whole. 
+
+This active Mind, infus’d thro’ all the Space, 
+
+Unites and-mingles with the mighty Mafs. 6 . 
+
+CHAP, 
+
+
+
+Z J /s7/r\/7f. 
+
+
+r«ge -ig 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . z 9 
+
+
+
+CHAP. V. 
+
+% 
+
+Apollo. His Image. 
+
+* 
+
+p m Tpj UT what is that 1 beardlefs Youth, with long 
+JD Hair, fo comety and graceful, who wears a 
+Laurel-Crown, and fhines in Garments embroidered 
+•with Gold, with a Bow and Arrow in one Hand, and 
+a Harp in the other ? 
+
+JA. It is the Image of Apollo , * who is at other Times 
+defcribed holding a Shield in one Hand, and the 
+Graces in the other. And, becaufe he has a three¬ 
+fold Power in Heaven, where he is called Sol ; in 
+Earth, where he is named Liber Pater ; and in Hell, 
+where he is Ailed Apollo ; he is ufually painted with 
+thefe three Things : A Harp, a Shield, and Arrows. 
+The Harp fliews that he bears Rule in Heaven, where 
+gll Things are full of Harmony ; the Shield defcribes 
+his Office in Earth, where he gives Health and Safety 
+to terreftrial Creatures ; his Arrows fhew his Autho¬ 
+rity in Hell, for whomsoever he Arikes with them, he 
+fends them into Hell. 
+
+Sometimes he is painted with a Crow and a Hawk 
+flying over his Head, a Wolf and a Laurel-Tree on 
+one Side, and a Swan, and a Cock on the other ; and 
+under his Feet Grafhoppers creeping. The Crow is 
+facred to him, becaufe he foretels the Weather, and 
+fhews the different Changes of it by the Clearnefs or 
+Hoarfenefs of his Voice. The Swan is likewife endued 
+with Divination, 3 becaufe, forefeeing his Happinefs in 
+
+
+* Horat. ad Callimach. ~ Porphyr. de foie. 3 Cygnj 
+non fine causa Apollini dicati funt, quod ab eo divinationem 
+Jiabere videantur quia pr^videntes quid in morte boni fit, 
+fum cantu & voluptate moriuntur. Tull. QuaeiL Tufc. i. 
+
+* 
+
+Death, 
+
+
+l 
+
+
+f 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Death, he dies with Singing and Pleafure. The Wolf 
+is not unacceptable to him, not only becaufe he fparetl 
+his Flock when he was a Shepherd, but becaufe the 
+Furioufnefs of Heat is exprefl'ed by him, and the Per- 
+fpicuity and Sharpnefs of his Eyes do moft fitly repre¬ 
+sent the Forefight of Prophecy. The Laurel-Tree 
+Is of a very hot Nature, always flourifhing, and con- 
+ducing to Divination and poetic Raptures ; and the 
+Leaves of it put under the Pillow, produce two Dreams. 
+The Hawk has Eyes as bright as the Sun ; the Cock 
+foretels his Riling ; and the Grafhoppers fo entirely 
+depend on him, that they owe their Rife and Sub- 
+fiftence to his Heat and Influence. 
+
+
+SECT. L 
+
+
+His D E S C E NT T. 
+
+
+P - TIT* HAT Family was Apollo born of ? 
+
+y V M. \oa {hall know after you have firft 
+heard how many Apollo's there were. 
+
+P. How many ? 
+
+M. Four. The firft and ancientefr of them was 
+born of Vulcan: 'The fecond was a Cretan 5 a Son of 
+one of the Corybantes : The third was born of "Jupiter 
+ancl Latona : The fourth was born in Arcadia , called 
+by the Arcadians , No mi us. 1 But though , as Cicero 
+fays, there were fo many Apollo’s, yet all the reft of them 
+are feldom mentioned, arid all that they did is afcribedto one 
+
+tf them only , namely , to him that was born of Jupiter and 
+Latona. 
+
+P- In what Place was Apollo the Son of Latona 
+born ? 
+
+
+
+* A tque, cum tot Apcllines fuerint, reliqui omnes fden- 
+tur, omnefque res aliorum geilte ad unum ApoIIinem, Jcvis 
+& Latona fdiutn, refer un tar.. Cic. 3. de is at. Eeor. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 3 s 
+
+I will tell you more than you afk; they fay the 
+Thing was thus : Latona , the Daughter of Cceus the 
+fitan, conceived "Twins by Jupiter : Juno, incenfed at 
+it, {exit the Serpent Python againft her; and Latona , to 
+efcape the Serpent, * Red into the Ifland of Delos ; where 
+(he brought forth Apollo and Diana at the fame Birth. 
+
+1 Hefiod. 
+
+SECT. II. 
+
+Actions of Apollo. 
+
+P c IQ) Y what Means was Apollo advanced to the 
+iD higheft Degree of Honour and Worfhip ? 
+
+M. By thefe four efpecially : By the Invention of 
+Phyfick , Mufick , Poetry , and Rbetorick , which is aferib- 
+ed to him ; and therefore he is fuppofed to prefide over 
+the Mufes . It is faid, that he taught the Arts of foretel¬ 
+ling Events, and (hooting with Arrows ; when therefore 
+he had benefited Mankind infinitely by thefe Favours , 
+they worfhipp’d him as a God. 1 Hear how glorioully 
+he himfelf repeats his Accomplifhments of Mind and Na¬ 
+ture, 
+
+
+2 -* HefeiSy tenter aria y nejcis 
+
+Quern ftgias, ideoque Jitgis ■ ■ ■ 
+
+,"Jupiter ej} genii or* Per me quod eritque fuitque, 
+Ejique y patet . Per me concordant car min a nervis £ 
+Certa quidem nojtra, eft noftra tauten una fagitta. 
+Certior , in vacuo qius rvuhiera peciore fecit . 
+
+Inventum Medicina meum eft , Opiferque per erbetn 
+Lie or, £sf Her bar inn eft fubjeSia petentia ?tobis. 
+
+Stop thy rafh Flight, itay, lovely Nymph, ’tis I; 
+No common Wretch, no barbVous Enemy ; 
+Great Jove's my Father; I alone declare 
+"What Things part, prefent, and what future are. 
+By me the downy Eunuch fvveetly fings, 
+
+I fofteil Notes compofe to founding Strings, 
+
+
+My 
+
+
+
+32 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+ture, where he magnifies himfelf to the flying Nymph , 
+whom he pallionately loved. 
+
+P. What memorable Things did he perform ? 
+
+jkf. Many ; but efpecially thefe. 
+
+1. He deftroyed all the Cyclops , the Forgers of Ju¬ 
+piter's Thunder-bolts, with his Arrows, to revenge the 
+Death of JEfcuiaphis his Son, whom Jnpiier had killed 
+with Thunder, becaufe by the Help of his Phyfick he 
+revived the Dead, i "Wherefore for this Fadt Apoll ? 
+was call down from Heaven, and deprived of his Di¬ 
+vinity, expofed to the Calamities of the World, and 
+commanded to jive in Banifhment upon the Earth : In 
+this Diftrefs 5 he was compelled by "Want to look after 
+jid?netu$ 9 s Cattle $ where, tired with Pleafure, to pafs 
+sway his Time, it is faid, that he firlt invented and 
+formed a Harp. After this. Mercury got an Opportu¬ 
+nity to drive away a few of the Cattle of his Herd by 
+Stealth ; for which, while Apollo complained and threat¬ 
+ened to .punifli him, unlefs he brought the lame Cattle 
+back again, his Harp was alfo ftoien from him by Mer~ 
+fury ; 6 fo that he could not forbear turning his Anger 
+into Laughter. 
+
+2. He raffed the Walls of the City of Troy y by the 
+Mufick of the Harp alone $ if we may believe the 7 Poet. 
+
+
+My Shafts ftrike fore, but one, alas! was found 
+A furer, my unpractised Heart to wound ; 
+
+PhyficIPs Divine Invention's all my own. 
+
+And i a Helper thro’ the World am known : 
+
+All Herbs I thoroughly know, and all their Ufe ; 
+
+The healing Venues, and their baneful Juice. 
+
+Ovid. Met am. s. 
+
+Lucian. Dial. Mort. 5 Paufan. in Eliac. 
+
+6 Hor. ?. Carm. 
+
+* Hi on afpiciesy fimsataqtte t nr rthus a his 
+Mcent a, A pollinate Jlrufla can ore lyres. 
+
+Ovid. Epifi. Parid. 
+
+Troy you (hall fee, and Walls divine admire5 
+Built by the Mufick cf Apollo's Lyre. 
+
+
+Some 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+
+Some fay f that there was a Stone, upon which Apollo 
+only laid down his Harp, and the Stone by the Touch 
+of it alone became fo melodious, that, whenever it Was 
+ftruckwith another Stone, it founded like a Harp. ' 
+
+3. By Misfortune he killed Hyacintkus , a pretty and 
+ingenious Boy that he loved. For, whilft Hyacintkus 
+and he were playing together at Quoits, Zepbyrus was 
+enraged, becauie Apollo was better beloved by Hyacin- 
+tbus than himfelf; and, having an Opportunity of Re¬ 
+venge, he puffed the Quoit that Apollo calf, againlt 
+Hyacintbus ’s Head, by which Blow he fell down dead 
+whereupon Apollo caufed the Blood of the Youth, that 
+was fpilt upon the Earth, to produce Flowers called 
+Violets , as g Ovid finely expreffes it. 
+
+Befides, he was paffionately in Love with Cyparijfus , 
+another very pretty Boy, who, when he had unfortu-. 
+nately kill’d a fine Deer, which he exceedingly lov’d and 
+had brought up from its Birth, was fo melancholy for 
+his Misfortune, that he conflantly bewailed the Lofs of 
+his Deer, and refufed all Comfort. h Apollo , becaufe 
+before his Death he had begged of the Gods, that his 
+
+
+f Paufan. in Attic. 
+
+£ Ecce* cruor qui fufus humo Jignawer at herbas, 
+
+Defoiit ejje cruor , Tyrioque ?iitentior ojlro 
+
+Flos oritur , formamque capit, quam Lilia ; Jinon 
+
+Purpureus color his , argenteus ejfet in illis . 
+
+Behold the Blood, which late the Grafs had dy’d. 
+
+Was now no Blood, from whence a Flower full blown 
+Far brighter than the Tyrian Scarlet fhone. 
+
+Which feem’d the fame, or did refemble right 
+A Lilly, changingbut the red to white. . Ovid* Met. I O* 
+
+^ —-- munuj'que Jupremum 
+
+Hoc petit a J'uperisy ut tempore lugeat omni • 
+
+Inge mu it trijlifque Deus, lugebere nobis , 
+
+Lugebifque alios, aderifque dolentibus y inquit • 
+
+Implores that he might never ceafe to mourn. 
+
+When Phoebus fighing, I for thee will mourn. 
+
+Mourn thou for others, Herfes fiil.l adorn. Qwid. Met . 10I 
+
+D Mourn-* 
+
+
+
+34 Qf th e Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+* 
+
+Mourning might be made perpetual, in Pity changed 
+him into a Cyprefs-tree , the Branches of which were 
+always ufed at Funerals.. 
+
+4. He fell violently in Love with the Virgin Daphne , 
+fo famous for her Modefty. When he purfued her 
+while fhe fled to fecure her Chaftity from the Violence 
+of his Paflxon, fhe was changed into a Laurel, the 1110ft 
+chafte of Trees; which is never corrupted with the Vio¬ 
+lence of Heat or Cold, but remains always flourifhing,, 
+always pure. 1 There is a Story about this Virgin-Tree,, 
+which better deferves our Admiration, than our Be¬ 
+lief. A certain Painter was about to draw the Picture 
+of Apollo upon a Table made of Laurel-Wood : And 
+it is faid, k that the Laurel would not fuffer the Colours 
+to flick to it, as .though the dead Wood was fenfible, 
+and did abhor the Picture of the impure Deity, no 
+lefs than if Daphne herfelf was alive within it. 
+
+5. He courted alfo along Time the Nymph Bolina , 
+but never could gain her; for, fhe chofe rather to throw 
+herfelf into the River and be drowned, than yield to his 
+lafcivious Flames. Nor did her invincible Modefty lofe 
+its Reward. She gained to herfelf an Immortality by 
+dying fo, and, facrificing her Life in the Defence of 
+her Virginity, fhe not only overcame Apollo , but the 
+very Powers of Death. She became immortal. 
+
+6. Leucothoe^. the Daughter of Orchamus^ King' of 
+a by lon, was not fo tenacious of her Chaftity : For, flic 
+
+yielded at laft to Apollo’s Dcfires. 1 Her Father could 
+not bear this Difgrace brought on his Family, and 
+
+
+' 1 Liban. in Progymn. k Paufan. 1 . 7. 
+
+1 - defodit alte 
+
+Crudus humo , tumulunique fuper gravis addit arenas • 
+lnterr’d her lovely Body in the Earth, 
+
+And on it rais’d a Tomb of heavy Sand, 
+
+Whole ponderous Weight her Riling might Withfiand. 
+
+
+3 
+
+
+there- 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the lie at hens* ' 3 jj 
+
+therefore buried her alive. m Apollo was greatly grieved 
+hereat* and, though he could not bring her again to 
+Life, he poured Nectar upon the dead Body, and there¬ 
+by turned it into a Tree thatdrops Frankincenfe. Thefe 
+Amours of Leucoihoe and Apollo had been difcovered to 
+her Father by her Sifter Clyde , whom Apollo formerly- 
+loved, but now deferted ; which fire feeing, pined 
+away* with her Eyes continually looking up to the 
+Sun, and at laft was changed into a n Flower called 
+Sun-flower, or Heliot?'ope . 
+
+7. Apollo was challenged in Mufi’c by Marfyas , a proud 
+Mufician ; and when he had overcame him, 0 Apollo 
+flayed him, becaufe he had dared to contend with him, 
+and afterwards converted him into the River of the fame! 
+Name in Phrygia . 
+
+8 . But Midas , King of Phrygia^ having fool i fifty 
+determined the Vidtory to the God Pan , when Apollo 
+and he fang together, v Apollo ftretched his Ears to the 
+Length and Shape of AfTes Ears. Midas endeavoured to 
+
+
+m NeSlave odovato fparjit covpvfque locumque- 
+Multaque conqucjlus, tanges tawen rsthera dixit. 
+
+Protimis unbuiutn ccelcjli neSlave corpus 
+Dehtuity terramque fuo madefecit odore $ 
+
+Firgaque per glcbas , fenjim radicibus aSlis, 
+
+*Tburea furrexit , tumulumque cacumine rupit * 
+
+He mourn’d her Lofs, and fprinkled all her Hearfe 
+With balmy Ncdtar, and more precious Tears. 
+
+Then faid, fince Fate does here our Joys defer. 
+
+Thou (halt afcend to Heav’n, and blefs me there i 
+Her Body ftraight, embalm’d with heav’nly Art, 
+
+Did a fweet Odour to the Ground impart. 
+
+And from the Grave a beauteous Tree arlfc. 
+
+That cheers the Gods with pleafing Sacrifice. Q-v . Met. 4. 
+n Ovid. Metam. 4. 0 Ovid. Faft, 6. 
+
+
+p - partem damnatur in unam • ' 
+
+Induitzirque aures lente gradient/s a/ellt . 
+
+Punifh’d in the offending Part,-he bears 
+Upon his Skull a flow-pac'd Afs’s Ears, 
+
+D 2 
+
+
+Met . 1. 6. 
+
+hide 
+
+
+36 Of the- Gods of the Heathens * 
+
+hide his Difgrace, as well as he could, by his Hair: 
+But however, fince it was impoflible to conceal it from 
+his Barber, he earneftly begged the Man, and prevailed 
+with him, by great Promifes, not to divulge what he 
+faw to any Perforr. But the Barber was not able to 
+contain fo wonderful a Secret longer ; wherefore, he 
+went and dug a Hole, and,, putting his Mouth to it, 
+whifpered thefe Words, King Midas has AJfes Ears 5. 
+then* filling up the Ditch with the Earth again, he 
+went away. But, O wonderful and ftrange l The 
+Reeds that grew out of that Ditch, if they were moved 
+by the leaft Blaft of Wind, did utter the very fame 
+Words which the Barber had buried in.it; to wit. King 
+Midas has the Ears of an Afs r » 
+
+<0 
+
+9 * ■■■ ■ — feccdit , hwxumque 
+
+Ejfodit, & domtni quales confpexerit aures, 
+
+Voce refert par<vd . Metam. 1 . 15.0 
+
+Pie dug a Hole, and in it whifpering faid. 
+
+What monftrous Ears fprout from King Midas- Head \ 
+r Aures Aiiuinas habetRex Midas* 
+
+• ^ 
+
+SECT. IIL Names of A p o l l o, 
+
+A S the Lathis call him 2 Sol> becaufe there is but 
+
+one Sun ; fo fome think the Greeks gave him the 
+ISFame Apollo for the fame Reafon : Tho’ 1 others think 
+that he is called Apollo , either becaufe he drives away 
+Difeafes, or becaufe he darts vigoroufiy his Rays. 
+
+He is called u Cynthius , from the Mountain Cy?2thus % 
+in the Ifland of Delos± from whence Diana alfo is> called 
+Cynthia. 
+
+. warn m—m ■ — ■■■■■ ■■ ™ ->«»-■ 
+
+4 Ab a particuia privativa, & *30 \>.oty quemadmodum Sol, 
+quod lit folus, Chryfip* apud Gyr- rSynt. 7. p* 219. «.ttq 
+•ts cLvrcc}X<z,rUiv f&crov,-, ab abigendis morbis, vel aVo 
+
+tu$ ditTkvca;* u Varr. de Ling. Lat. Pint, apud Phurnut. 
+
+% And 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 3 7 
+
+And he is nam’d Delius from the fame IJland? be¬ 
+caufe he was born there. Or, as f fome fay, becaufe 
+Jpollo (who is the Sun) by his Light makes all Tilings 
+manifeft 5 for which Reafon he is called s Pbanaus. 
+
+He is named Delphinius h becaufe he killed the Ser¬ 
+pent Python? called Delphis $ or elfe, becaufe, when 
+Cajialius? a Cretan? carried Men to the Plantations., 
+.Jpollo guided him in the Shape of a Dolphin . 
+
+His Title Delphicas comes from the City Delphi in 
+1 ceotia? which City is faid to be the * Navel of the Earth 5 
+becaufe when JupiUr? at one Time, had fent for two 
+Eagles, the one from the Eaft, and the other from the 
+Weft, they met together by equal Flights exadlly at this 
+Place, k Here Jpollo had the moft famous Temple in 
+the World, in which he 1 uttered the Oracles to thofe 
+who confuked him ; but he received them firft from 
+Jupiter . They fay, that this famous Oracle became 
+dumb at the Birth ofour Saviour? and, when Augujlus? 
+who was a great Votary of Apollo? deftred to know 
+the Reafon of its Silence, the Oracle anfwered m him, 
+that in Judea? a Child was born, who was the fupreme 
+God, and had commanded him to depart, and return 
+no more Anfwers. 
+
+Apollo was like wife called n Didynucus? which Word 
+
+
+* Feflus c-un&a facit /. e. manifefta. & ’ a ?to (pec 
+
+apparere,Macrob. & Phurnut. h Paufan.in. Attic. 1 Paufan. 
+Z[Apcc*o<; tvs y%u *• e * Umbilicus Terras. k Phurnut. Lai&ant* 
+1 ^Efcul. in Sacerd, 
+
+m Me puer Hebrssits, divas Deus ipfe guhernans# 
+
+C estere fede jubet? triftemquc redire fub or cum. 
+
+Jr is ergo dehinc nojiris a bjcedi to , Crefasr. 
+
+An Hebrew Child, whom the blefs’d Gods adore. 
+
+Has bid me leave thefe Shrines, and pack to HelfJ, 
+
+So that of Oracles I’ve now no more : 
+
+Away then from our Altar, and farewell. 
+n A vexbo SiSvfAM, genaelli, Macrob. apu&Gyrah fynt. j y 
+
+P* *3* 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+hi Greek fignifies < Tvj'ms , by which are meant the two 
+great Luminaries of Heaven., the Sun and the Moon p 
+which alternately enlighten the World by Day and 
+
+Night. 
+
+He was alfo called 3 Nomius , which fignifi.es either a 
+Shepherd* becaufe he fed the Cattle of Admetus ; or 
+becaufe the Sun* as it were* feeds all Things that the 
+Earth generates* by his Heat and Influence. Or per¬ 
+haps this Title may fignify b Lawgiver ; and was given 
+him* becaufe he made very fevere Laws, when he was 
+King of Arcadia . 
+
+He is called Prean^ either from c allaying Sorrows * or 
+from his exaCt Skill in Hunting ; wherefore he is 
+arm’d with Arrows. And we know that the Sun {trikes 
+us* and often hunts us with his Rays* as with fo many 
+Darts. By this Name Pcean^ his Mother Latona * and 
+the Spectators of the Combat, encouraged Apollo , when 
+he fought with the Serpent Python^ crying frequently, 
+d Strike him , P<£an* with thy Darts . By the fame Name 
+the Difeafed invoke his Aid* crying* c Meal us , Paean. 
+And hence the Cuftom came* that not only all Hymns 
+in the Praife of Apollo were called Ptea?ies , but alfo* in 
+all Songs of Triumph in the Celebration of all Victories, 
+. Men cried out* Io Pesan, After this Manner the airy 
+and wanton Lover in f Ovid aCts his Triumph too. 
+And from this Invocation Apollo himfelf was called"le*«>?• 
+
+
+3 Nofxev?, /. e . Paltor, quod pavit Admeti gregem, vel 
+quod quafi pafeat omnia, Phurnut. Macrob. b Lex 
+
+Macrob. Cic. 3 * de Nat. Deor. c n etpet to tzccvzw 
+a fedando moleftias, vel wupcc to <gxuUw 9 a feriendo. Feftus, 
+d ,; Ie Treadv jace vel immitte, Paean ; nempe tela in feram. 
+9 "U 'vjcaca, medere Paean. 
+
+i Dicite Io Ptean, & Io> his difcite> P.ean ! 
+
+
+Decidit in caffes prtsda. peiita meos . 
+
+Sing Io Pa?a?i twice, twice Io fay : 
+
+fifty Toils are pitch’d, and I have caught my Prey, 
+
+Ovid , de Arte Am and. 
+
+
+1. 2. 
+
+He 
+
+
+< 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+
+He is.called Phoebus f from the great Swiftnefs of liis 
+Motion, or from his Method of Healing by Purging ; 
+iince, by the Help of Phyfic, which was Apollo y s Inven¬ 
+tion, the Bodies of Mankind are purged and cured. 
+
+He.was named Pythlus , not only from the Serpent 
+Python , which he killed, but like wife from g ofking and 
+£onfulting \ for none among the Gods was more coni u It- 
+ed, or delivered more Refponfes, or fpake more Oracles, 
+than he; efpecially in the Temple, which he had at Del¬ 
+phi, to which all Sorts of Nations, reforted, fo that it 
+was called the Oracle of all the Earth h . The Oracles 
+were given out by a young Virgin, till one was debauch - 
+ed : Whereupon a Law was made, that a very ancient 
+Woman, fhould give the Anfwers, in the Drefs of a 
+young Maid, who was therefore call’d Pythia and Py- 
+thtus , one of Apollo's Names $ and fometimes Phoohas , 
+from Phoebus , another of them. But, as. to the Man¬ 
+ner that the Woman underftood the God’s Mind, Mens 
+Opinions differ. ■ Tally fuppofes,- that fome-Vapours 
+exhaled out of the Earth, and affedted .the Brain much* 
+and raifed in it a Power of Divination 
+. P. .What was the Tripos on which ,the Pythian La dy 
+
+fat : ? •' > : 
+
+M: Some-fay, that it.was a Table with .th.i'eeJFeet, on 
+which fhe placed herielf whenjfhe defigned to give forth 
+Oracles s and, becaufe it was covered with the Skin of 
+the Serpent Python , they call ..it alfo by the Name of 
+.Cortina . k But others-fay., that it .was a Veflel, in which 
+fhe was plunged before fhe prophe{*ed ; or rather,.that 
+it was a golden Veffel furni(hed;,w;ith Ears, and fupport- 
+ed by three T.eet, whence it was .called: Tripos ; and 
+
+
+,f ’A? dore, (poirZv, quod vi feratur, vel a (poifidcj, purgo, 
+X»il. Gyr. Synt.-y. p.,22 z. s ’Atto '&vi' 9 &y£cr$<zf 9 - ab interro- 
+gando vel con fu lend o, Hygin. in fab., c.50. h Cic. pro 
+Font. Diodor. i/Stat. Thebaid. Vide Orig. adv. Celf. 1 . 7. 
+1 Cic, 1. de Divin7'i 4. apud Lil. Gyr." k Plut. in Solon. 
+
+
+
+
+1 
+
+s 
+
+
+
+1 
+
+
+
+
+4-0 Qf the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+* 
+
+on this the Lady fat down. It happened that this Tri¬ 
+pos was loft in the Sea, and afterwards taken up in the 
+Islets of Eiftiermen, who mightily contended amongft 
+themfelves, who ftiould have it 3 the Pythian Prieftefs, 
+feeing afked, gave Anfwer, that it ought to be fent to 
+'the wifejl If Ian of all Greece . Whereupon it was cai> 
+ried to Thales of Miletus 3 who fent it to Bia$y as to a 
+ivifer Perfon. Bias referred it to another, and that other 
+deferred it to a fourth ; fill? after It had been fent back¬ 
+ward and forward to all the wife Men, it returned agaify 
+Thales , who dedicated it to flpollo at Delphos f _ 
+
+P . Who were the wife Men of Greece ? 
+
+M* Thefe feyen, to whole Names I adjoin the 
+places of their Nativity 3 Thales of Miletus , Solon of 
+: Athens , Chilo of Laced&mon , Pittacns of Mytilene , Bias 
+pf Prieney ■ Cle oh ulus pf Lindiy and Periander of Co^ 
+■rinth. I will add fome remarkable Things concerning 
+
+9 m * % • ' • • ' . . • O » C? 
+
+them. * 
+
+Thales was reckoned among the wife Men, becaufe 
+})e was believed to be the firft that brought Geo? 7 ictry 
+into Greece . He firft obferved the Courfes of the Times, 
+$he Motion of the Winds* the Nature of Thunder, and 
+
+• i • » ». ' » ■ ' 1 r - 1 
+
+the Motions of the Sun and the Stars. Being afked. 
+What he thought the difHculteft Thing in the World ? 
+he aufwered, to know one's felf\ which perhaps was the 
+Qpeafion of the Advice written on the Front of Apql- 
+Id's Temple, to thofe that were about to enter, 1 Know 
+thyfelf, For there ajre very few that-kn.ow themfelves. 
+
+'"When Solon, vifited Crcefus the King of Lydiay the 
+King fhewed his vaft Treasures to him, and alked 
+him wheth.er he knew a Man happier than he ? Tes 9 
+fays Sploriy 1 know fpellus, a very poor 7 but a very virtu¬ 
+ous Man at Athens, who lives in a little Tenement there ; 
+and he is more happy than your Majefy : For^ neither 
+'can thefe Things make us hdppyy * which are fubjelt to 
+foe Changes of the Times 3 nor is any one to be thought , 
+
+
+
+
+f # ‘ ' * 
+
+1 azavTov, Nofce teipfum-. Laert . 
+
+' 1 * 
+
+
+truly 
+
+
+4 V 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the lie Athens. 41 
+
+truly happy till he dies, p It is faid, when King Crcefus 
+•was afterwards taken Prifoner by Cyrus , and laid upon 
+the Pile to be burnt-, he remembered this Saying of 
+Solon j and often repeated his Name ; fo that Gyrus afked 
+why he cried out Solon , and who the God was, whofe 
+Affiftance he begged. Crcefus faid, I find nozv by Ex¬ 
+perience that to be true , which heretofore he faid to me ; 
+and fo he told Cyrus the Story : Who, hearing it, was 
+
+. fo touched with the Senfe of the Viciffitude of human 
+
+^ # « % • - - 
+
+Affairs, that he preferved Crcefus from the Fire, and 
+ever after had him in great Honour. 
+
+Chi lo had this faying continually in his Mouth, q De~ 
+fire nothing too much . Yet, when his Son, had got the 
+yi£Iory at the Olympick Games, the good Mail died 
+with Joy, and all Greece honoured his Funeral. 
+
+Bias.) a Man no lefs famous for Learning than Nobility, 
+preferved his Citizens a long Time : And zvhcn at laj ?, 
+* fays Tidly^ his Country Priene was taken , and the rejl of the 
+Inhabitants , in their Efcape 0 carried azvay with them as 
+much of their Goods as they coufd 3 one advifed him to do 
+the fame-, but he made Anfwer, s It is what I do already , 
+for all the Things that are mine I carry about me. He often 
+faid, t that Friends Jhould remember to love one another , fo 
+as Per forts who may fometimes hate one another . 
+
+Of the reft, nothing extraordinary is reported. 
+
+• • s _ • • _ 4 « « 
+
+
+■ 1 » • * • 
+
+p Plutarch. Herodotus, q Nequid nimiurn cupias, Plin. 
+1 , 7. c. 32. r De Amicitia. ? Ego vero facio, nam omnia 
+mea mecum po'rto, Val. Max. 1 . c. 2. 1 Amicos ita amare 
+
+/ / ^ ^ • 1 • • 
+
+oporteret ut aliquando eiTent ofuri. Laert . 
+
+t. ' . • x % • * • 1 • 
+
+
+SECT. IV. 
+
+
+of 
+
+
+A p o l l o means the Sun. 
+
+f r • t • • ♦♦ 
+
+A 
+
+*|T VE RY one agrees, that by u Apollo the Sun is to be 
+JZLy underftood; for, the four chief Prophecies afcrib- 
+'ed to ApoW were, the Arts of Prophefying , of Heal - 
+
+
+« * • * ^ 
+
+
+
+
+
+ing 9 of Darting , and of Adufzck 9 of all which we may 
+£nd in the Sun a lively Reprefentation and Image. 
+Was Apollo famous for his Skill in Prophefying and 
+Divination ? And what is more agreeable to the Na¬ 
+ture of the Sun, than by its Light to difpel Darknefs, 
+and to make minifeft hidden and concealed Truth? 
+Was Apollo famous for his Knowledge of Medicine, 
+and his Power of Healing ? Surely nothing in the 
+World conduces more to the Health and Prefervation 
+
+
+of all Things, than the Sun’s Heat and Warmth : And 
+therefore thofe Herbs and Plants, which are moft: ex- 
+pofed to its Rays, are found to have moft Power and Vir¬ 
+tue. Thirdly, Is Apollo (kilful in Darting or Shooting ? 
+And are not the Sun’s Rays like fo many Darts or Ar¬ 
+rows fhot from his Body to the Earth ? And; laftly, 
+how well does Apollo* s Skill in Muftck agree to the Na¬ 
+ture of the Sun, which, being placed in the Midft of 
+the Planets, makes with them a Kind of Harmony, and 
+all together, by their uniform Motion, make, as it were, 
+a Concert, of Muftck ? And, becaufe the Sun is thus 
+
+
+placed the middlemoft of the feven Planets, the Poets 
+aflert, that the Inftrument which Apollo plays on^As a 
+Harp with feven Strings. 
+
+Beftdes, from the Things facrificed to. Apollo, r - it ap¬ 
+pears that he was the Sun : The firft of which Things 
+was the OUve 9 the Fruit of which fo loves the Sun, that 
+
+
+it cannot be nourifh’d in Places diftant from it. • 2. The 
+
+
+Laurel , g a Tree of a hot Nature, always flourifhing, 
+never old, and conducing not a little towards Divina¬ 
+tion, and therefore the Poets are crowned with Laurel. 
+3. Among Animals, Szvans h are offered to him ; be¬ 
+caufe, as was obferved before, they have from Apollo a 
+Faculty ofDivination, for they, forefeeing the Happinefs 
+in Death, die ftnging and pleafed. 4. Griffins alfo, and 
+Crozvs, were facred to him for the fame Reafon 5 and the 
+JHawk 9 which has Eyes as bright and piercing as the Sun; k 
+
+
+f Theocr. in Here. g Aerius. h Cic. Tufcul. 1. 
+
+* 
+
+
+the 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 43 
+
+^he Goc&t which foretels his Riling; and the GraJhoppei\ 
+a finging Creature : Wherefore e it was a Cuftom 
+among the Athenians to faften golden Grafhoppers to 
+their Hair, in Honour of Apollo . 
+
+And especially, if f we derive the Name of Laiona , 
+the Mother of Apollo and Diana , from the Greek *«*- 
+Saw \lanthano , *0 A/rf] it will fignify that before 
+the Birth of Apollo and Diana , that is, before the Pro¬ 
+duction of the Sun and the Moon, all Things lay in¬ 
+volved in Darknefs : From whence thefe two glorious 
+Luminaries afterwards proceeded, as out of the Womb 
+of a Mother. 
+
+4 
+
+But, notwithstanding all this, feveral poetical Fa¬ 
+bles have Relation only to the Sun, and not to Apollo . 
+And of thofe therefore it is necefTary to treat apart. 
+
+
+c Thucyd. Schol. Arift. * Vid. Lil. Gyr. i. in A poll. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. VI. 
+
+The Sun. His Genealogy and Names . 
+
+<FW |^HIS glorious Sun, which illuftrates all Things 
+
+with his Light, is called 60/, as a Tally fays, 
+pither becaufe he is the O N LY Star that is of that Mag¬ 
+nitude ; or becaufe , when he rifes , he puts out all the other 
+Stars , and ONLY appears himfelf Although the Poets 
+have faid, that there were five Sols ; and Tully reckons 
+them up: Yet, whatever they delivered concerning 
+each of them feverally, they commonly apply to one, 
+who was the Son of Hyperion , and Nephew to JEther* 
+jbegotten of an unknown Mother. 
+
+* • • ^ • 
+
+* 
+
+a Vel quia Solus ex omnibus lideribus tantus eft; vel quia 
+,cum exortus eft, obfeuratis omnibus, Sdus appareat. Cic. de 
+jNat. Deorum, 1. 2. & 3. 
+
+
+The 
+
+
+
+44 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+The Perjians call the Sun m Jldith'ra , and, account¬ 
+ing him the greateft of their Gods, worfhip him in a 
+Cave. His Statue bears the Head of a Lion , on which 
+a Turbant, called Piara^ is placed ; and it is cloathed 
+with Pcrftan Attire, holding with both Plands a mad 
+Bull by the Horns. n Thofe that defired to become his 
+Priefts, and underfland his Myfteries, did firft undergo 
+a great many Hardfhips, Difgraces, Stripes, Colds, 
+Heats, and other Torments, before they could attain 
+to the Honour of that Employment. And, behold the 
+Holinefs of their Religion ! It was not lawful for the 
+Kings of Perfia to get drunk, but upon that Day in 
+• which the Sacrifices were offered to Mithra 
+
+The Egyptians called the Sun p Horns ; whence comes 
+the Name of thofe Parts called HorrsHours $ into which 
+the Sun divides the Day. They reprefented his Power 
+by a Sceptre, on the Top of which an Eye was placed ; 
+by which they fignify that the Sun fees every Thing, 
+and that all Things are fefen by his Means. 
+
+Thefe q Horcs were thought to be the Daughters of 
+Sol and Chronis , who early in the Morning prepare the 
+Chariot and the Horfes for their Father, and open the 
+Gates of the Day. 
+
+
+_ * • 
+
+Helycn. &La£lant. Gram, apud Lil. Gyr. n Durisy. 
+
+Hift. ap. Athen. ° Greg. Nazianz. Orat. i. in Juh P Plut. 
+Sc Oiir. s Horner. Iliad. & QdyfF. 4.. Plutarch. Boccac. 
+
+‘1. 4. c. 4. 
+
+1 
+
+S E C T. I. Attions <f S o l. 
+
+
+N O other Actions of Sol are mentioned, but his 
+
+Debaucheries, and Love Intrigues between him 
+and his Miftreffes ; whereby he obfeured the Honour 
+of his Name : The moll remarkable of which are 
+thefe that folloWc 
+
+
+l He 
+
+T ■ # 4* 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+4 $ 
+
+
+t. He lay with Venus in the Xfland of Rhodes , in which. 
+Time, r it is faid that th©~Heavens rained Gold, and the 
+Earth cloathed itfelf with Rofes and Lilies, from whence 
+the Kland was called s Rhodes . 2. Of Cly?nene , he begat 
+
+one Son, named Phaeton , and feveral Daughters. 3. Of 
+Neara , he begat Pafphae , and of Parce , CTree. To 
+omit the reft of his Brood, of more obfeure Note, ac¬ 
+cording to my Method I fhall fay fomething qf each of 
+thefe j butfirft (fince I have mentioned Rhodes) I will 
+fpeak a little of the Rhodian CoIoJJiis , which was one of 
+the Seven Wonders of the World , and of the other fix. 
+
+
+r Pindar, in Olymp. 
+
+
+5 ’A7 to tov goot?, a Rofa. 
+
+
+SECT, ir 
+
+
+of the World\ 
+
+
+P. AT were thofe Seven Wonders of the World P 
+
+VV M They are thefe that follow. 
+
+1. The ColofJUs at Rhodes , 1 a Statue of the Sun feventy 
+Cubits high, placed a-crofs the Mouth of the Harbour 5 
+one Man could notgrafp his Thumb with both his Arms. 
+Its Thighs were flretched out to fuch a Diftance, that a 
+large Ship under fail might eafily pafs into the Port be¬ 
+twixt them. It was twelve Years making, and coft three 
+Hundred Talents u . It flood fifty ifears, and at laft was 
+thrown down by an Earthquake. And from this Colofs 
+the People of Rhodes were named Colojfenfes , and now 
+every Statue of an unufual Magnitude is called ColoJJus . 
+
+2. The Temple of Diana , at Ephefus, was a Work 
+of the greateft Magnificence, which the Ancients pro- 
+digioufiy admired : vv Two Hundred and twenty Years 
+were fpent in finifhing it, though all Afia was employ¬ 
+ed. It was fupported by an Hundred and twenty-feven 
+Pillars, fixty Feet high, each of which was raifed by 
+
+
+1 Plin. 34. c. 17. u A Rhodian Talent Is worth 322/. 
+xBs. 4 d, Englijh Money. w Plin. 1 . 7, c. 38. Sc 1 . 16. c. 40. 
+
+as 
+
+
+4 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+as many Kings. Of thefe Pillars thirty-feven were 
+engraven. The Image of the Goddefs was made of 
+Ebony > as we learn from Hiftory. 
+
+3. The Maufoleum , or Sepulchre of Maufoleus King 
+of Carla, f built by his Queen Artemijia , of the pureit 
+Marble ; and yet the Workmanfhip of it was much 
+more valuable than the Marble. It was, from North 
+to South, fixty-three Feet long, almoft four hundred 
+and eleven Feet in Compafs, and twenty-five Cubits, 
+(that is, about thirty-five Feet) high, furrounded with 
+thirty-fix Columns, that were beautified in a wonder¬ 
+ful Manner : And from this Adaufoleum all other fump- 
+tuous Sepulchres are called by the fame Name. 
+
+4. A Statue of "Jupiter , in the Temple of the City 
+g Olympia , carved with the greateft Art by Phidias, out 
+of Ivory, and made of a prodigious Size. 
+
+5. The Walls of the City of Babylon , (which was 
+the Metropolis of Chaldea) h built by Queen Semiramis , 
+whofe Circumference was fixty Miles, their Breadth 
+fifty Feet; fo that fix Chariots might conveniently 
+pafs upon them in a Row. 
+
+- 6. The ' Pyramids of Egypt ; three of which, remar¬ 
+kable for their Height, do ftill remain. The firft has a 
+fquar eBaJis, and is one hundred and forty-three Feet long 
+and aThoufand high: It is made of fuch great Stones, 
+that the le.aft of them is thirty Feet thick. Three hun¬ 
+dred and fixty-thoufand Men were employed in building 
+it, for the Space of twenty Years. The two other Pyra¬ 
+mids, which are fomewhat fmaller, attraft the Admira¬ 
+tion of all Speftators. And in thefe Pyramids, it is re¬ 
+ported, the Bodies of the Kings of Egypt lie interred. 
+
+7. The Royal Palace of k Cyrus , King of the Medes, 
+made by Meiion, with no lefs Prodigality than Art 3 
+for, he cemented the Stones with Gold. 
+
+f Plin. lib. 36. c. 5. p Idem. L 36. c. 3. h Idem. 1 . 6. 
+c. 26. 1 Plin. 1. 36. c.13. Belo. 1. 2. c. 32. Sing. Obfer- 
+
+vat. k Calepin. V. Miraculum. 
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+
+•JC* 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+
+SECT. III*.. It he Children of the Sun . 
+
+N OW let us turn our Difcourfe again to SoPs 
+
+Children ; the moft famous of which was Phae- 
+ton, who gave the Poets an excellent Opportunity of 
+{hewing their Ingenuity by the following Action. Epa- 
+phus , one of the Sons o {Jupiter? quarrelled with Phae- 
+ton , and faid, that., though he called himfelfthe Son of 
+ftpollo, he was not ; and, that his Mother Clymene in¬ 
+vented this Pretence only to cover her Adultery- This 
+Slander fo provoked Phaeton , that, by his Mother’s Ad¬ 
+vice, he went to the Royal Palace of the Sun, to bring 
+from thence fome indubitable Marks of his Nativity^ 
+The Sun received him, when hecame, kindly, and own’d 
+him his Son; and, to take away all Occafion of Doubt¬ 
+ing hereafter, he gave him Liberty to afk any Thing* 
+fwearing by the Stygian Lake ( which Sort of Oath none of 
+theGWx dare violate) that he would not deny Him. Here¬ 
+upon Phaeton deft red leave to govern his Father 7 s Cha¬ 
+riot for one Day, which was the Occafion of great 
+Grief to his Father; who, forefeeing his Son’s Ruin 
+thereby, was very uneafy that he had obliged himfelf to 
+grant a RequefI: fo pernicious to his Son ; and there¬ 
+fore endeavoured to peffuade him not to perfift in his 
+Delire, a telling him that he fought his own Ruin, and 
+was defirous of undertaking an Employment above his 
+
+Ability* 
+
+
+
+
+a - Pemeraria dixit 
+
+Vox mea faff a tua eft. lit in am promiffh liter et 
+IS on dare : Conftteor, /alum hoc tibi , natc, negarem, 
+DiJJuadere licet • Non eji tua tuta voluntas ; 
+
+Magna petis, Phaeton, & quae non viribus i /1 is 
+Munera conveniiwt y nec ta?n puerilibus. annis, 
+
+Sors tua mortal is : non eft snort ale, quod opt as* 
+*T\vas this alone I could refufe a Son, 
+
+Elfe by’s own Wifh apd my rafh Oath undone. 
+
+
+ou 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+
+Ability, and which no Mortal was capable to execute. 
+x Phaeton was not moved with the good Advice of his 
+Father, but prefled him to keep his Promife, and per¬ 
+form what he had fworn by. the P-iver Styx to do. In 
+Abort, the Father was forced to comply with his Son’s 
+Ralhnefs ; and therefore unwillingly granted what was 
+not now in his Power, after his Oath, to deny ; never- 
+thelefs, he directed him how to guide the Horfes, and 
+efpecially he advifed him to obferye the middle Path. 
+Phaeton was tranfported with Joy, y mounted the Cha¬ 
+riot, and taking the Reins, he began to drive the Hor¬ 
+fes, which, finding him unable to. govern them, ran 
+away, and fet on Fire both the Heavens and the Earth. 
+Jupiter , to put an End to the Conflagration, ftrUclt 
+him out of the Chariot with Thunder, and caft him 
+headlong into the River Pa . His Sifters Phaethufa , 
+Lampetia , and Pbaeba , lamenting his Death inceflant- 
+ly upon the Banks of that River, were turned, by the 
+
+
+Thou to thy Ruin my rafh Vow doll weft: 
+
+O ! would I could break Promife. Thy Requeft, 
+
+Poor haplefs Youth, forego ; retraft it now. 
+
+Recall thy With, and I can keep my Vow. 
+
+Think, Phaeton , think o’er thy wild Defires, 
+
+That Work more Years, and greater Strength, requires: 
+Confine thy Thoughts to thy own humble Fate.: 
+
+What thou wouldft'ft have, becomes no mortal State. 
+
+x , — Pi a is tamen ille repugnat 9 
+
+Propofk unique premit> fiagratque cupidine currus . 
+
+In vain to move his Son the - Father aim’d. 
+
+He, with Ambition’s hotter Fire inflam’d, 
+
+His Sire’s irrevocable Promife claim’d, 
+y Occupat ille levem juvenili cor pore cur rum , 
+
+Statque fuper , manibufquc da fas coniingere habenas 
+Gaudet , invito grates agit indeparenti . 
+
+Now Phaeton, by lofty Hopes poflefs’d. 
+
+The burning Seat with joyful Vigour prefs’d; 
+
+With nimble Hands the heavy Reins he weigh’d. 
+
+And Thanks unpleafing to his Father paid. 
+
+Ovid. Met am ,!. 2. 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 49 
+
+pity of the Gods into Poplar-Trees? from that Time 
+weeping Amber inftead of Tears. A great Fire that 
+happened in Italy near the Po , in the Time of King 
+Phaeton , was the Occafion of this Fable. And the Am*- 
+bit ions are taught hereby what Event they ought to ex¬ 
+pert, when they foar higher than they ought. 
+
+v Circe , the mod: fkilful of all Sorcerefles, poifoned 
+her Hufband, a King of the Sarmatians ; for which 
+fhe was banifhed by her Subjects, and, flying into Italy ^ 
+fixed her Seat upon the Promontory Circcewn? where 
+fhe fell in Love with Glaucus a Sea God , who at the 
+fame Time loved Scylla : Circe turned her into a Sea- 
+Mo offer, by poifoning the Water in which fhe ufed to 
+wafh. She entertained UlyJJis , who was driven thither 
+by the Violence of Storms, with great Civility 5 and 
+reftored 4 his Companions unto their former Shapes 5 
+whom, according to her ufual Cuftom, fhe had chang¬ 
+ed into Hogs, Bears, Wolves, and the like Beafts, Ulyfi* 
+fes was armed againft her Aftaults; Co that fhe fet upon 
+him in vain. It is . faid that fhe drew down the very 
+Stars from Heaven ; whence we are plainly informed 
+that Voluptuoufnefs (whereof Circe is the Emblem) 
+alters Men into ravenous and filthy Beafts j that even 
+thofe who with the Luftre of their Wit and Virtue 
+fhine in the World as Stars in the Firmament, when 
+once they addict themfelves to obfeene Pleafures, be¬ 
+come obfeure and inconfiderable, falling, as it were, 
+headlong from the Glory of Heaven. 
+
+q Pajiphae was the Wife of Minos , King of Crete : 
+She fell in Love with a Bull, and obtained her Defire 
+by the Afiiftance of Daedalus , who, for that Purpofe, 
+inclofed her in a wooden Cow : She brought forth a 
+Minotaur , a Monfter, one Part of which was like a 
+Man, the other like a Bull. r Now the Occafion of 
+
+
+p Ovid. Metam. 14. 
+ap. Boccat. 1 . 4. 
+
+
+Ovid. Metam. 1 
+
+
+E 
+
+
+r Serv. 
+this 
+
+
+go Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+this Fable, they fay, was this : Pafiphae loved a Man 
+whofe Name was Taurus , and had Twins by him in 
+Desdalus’s Houfe; one of whom was very like her 
+Hufband Minos , and the other like its Father. But 
+however that is, the Minotaur was fhut up in the La¬ 
+byrinth that Dcedalus made by the Order of King Mz~ 
+nos; This Labyrinth was a Place diverfified with ve¬ 
+ry many Windings and Turnings, and Crofs-paths 
+running into one another. How this Minotaur was 
+killed, and by whom, I fliall {hew particularly in its 
+Place in the Hiftory of The feus . p Dcedalus was an-ex¬ 
+cellent Artificer of Athens*, who firft, as it is faid, in¬ 
+vented the Ax, the Saw, the Plumb-line, the Augre, 
+and Glue $ alfo he firfl contrived Mails and Yards for 
+Ships : Refides, he carved Statues fo admirably, that 
+they not only feemed alive, but would never Hand Hill 
+in one Place; nay, would fly away unlefs they were 
+chained. This Daedalus^ together with Icarus his Son, 
+was lhut up by Minos in the Labyrinth which he had 
+made, becaufe he had a Hilled the Amours of Pafphae 5 
+whereupon he made Wings for himfelf and his Son, 
+with Wax and Feathers of Birds : Faftenino- thefe 
+Wings to his Shoulders, he flew out of Crete into Si¬ 
+cily ; at which Time Icarus , in his Flight, neglected 
+his Father’s Advice, and obferved not his due Courfe, 
+but, out of a juvenile Wantonnefs, flew higher than 
+he ought; whereupon the Wax was melted by the 
+Heat of the Sun, and the Wings broke in Pieces, and 
+he fell into the Sea, which is fince, q according to Ovid 7 
+named the Icarian Sea, from him. 
+
+Tp thefe Children of the Sun y we may add his 
+Niece and his Nephew Sybils and Caunus. Sybils 
+
+was fo much in Love with Caunus , though he was her 
+
+♦ 
+
+p Ovid. Met am, L 8. Paufan. in Attic. 
+
+- Icarus lean’is nomhm fecit aqins . Ovid. I. Trill. 
+
+Icarian Seas' from Icarus were call’d,, 
+
+Brother, 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 5 x 
+
+Brother* that fhe employed all her Charms to entice 
+him to commit Inceft; and when nothing would over¬ 
+come his Modcftv, fhe followed him fo Jong, that at 
+Jaft being quite opprefled with Sorrow and Labour, 
+flie fat down under a Tree, and fhed fuch a Quantity 
+of Tears, f that fhe was converted into a Fountain,, 
+
+f Sic lachiymis confumpta.fiiis Phcsbeia By b lis 
+
+Vertitur in fbntem 9 qui nunc quoquc <v all: bus imis 
+
+Nomen ka.bet domhue, nigraquej’ub illice manat a Gy, Met, 
+
+Thus the Pbaebean Byblis fperit in Tears 
+
+Becomes a living Fountain, which yet bears 
+
+Her Name-, and, under a black Holm that grows 
+
+In thole rank Vallies, plentifully hows. Sandys^ 
+
+CHAP, VII. 
+
+Mercury, His Image and Birth „ 
+
+F. TTfHO is that young Man, 5 with a cheerful 
+V V Countenance, an honefc Look, and lively 
+Eyes ; who is fo fair without Paint: having Wings fixed 
+to his Hat and his Shoes, and a Rod in his Hand, which 
+is winged, and bound about by a Couple of Serpents ? 
+
+lid. It is the Image of Mercury, as the Egyptiews paint 
+him ; whofe Face is partly black and dark, and partly 
+clear and bright; becaufe fometimes he converfes with 
+the Celejlial , and fometimes with the Infernal Gods. He 
+wears winged Shoes (which are properly called c Ialaria) 
+Wings are alfo fattened to his Hat (which is alfo called 
+Peiafus) becaufe, fince he is the Mefienger of the Gods ? 
+he ought not only to run but to tty. 
+
+P. Of what Parents was he born ? 
+
+t 
+
+* 
+
+i Galen, ap. Nat. Com. 1 . 5. 
+
+E 2 
+
+
+M. His 
+
+
+52. Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+h His Parents were 'Jupiter , and Mai a the Daugh¬ 
+ter of ; and for that Reafon, perhaps, they ufed 
+
+to offer Sacrifices to him in the Month of May. They 
+fay that Juno fuckled him a while in his Infancy ; and 
+once, while he fucked the Milk very greedily, his 
+Mouth being full, it ran out of it upon the Heavens; 
+which made that white Stream which they call 1 the 
+Milky Way. 
+
+.—h i mm- 0 — wm — —— ■*— 
+
+h Hefiod-in Theogon. Hor. carm. I*. 1. i via ladtea 
+quam Gra3ci vocant Galaxiam, dura ra yctha kI®* a la£te 
+Macro b*. Sc Suidas* 
+
+S E C T. L 
+
+Mercury. His Offices and Qualities* 
+
+P. II 7 HAT were Mercury's Offices and Qualities? 
+
+W M. He had many Offices, x, k The firfl 
+and chiefeft of them was to carry the Commands of 
+Jupiter ; whence he is commonly called the Meffienger 
+of the Gods. 2. He fwept the Room where the Gods 
+fupped, and made the Beds 5 and underwent many o- 
+ther the like fervile Employments; hence he was ftiled 
+1 Camillus or Cafmillus , that is, an inferior Servant of the 
+Gods ; for anciently m all Boys and Girls under Age 
+were called Camilli and n Camilles'. And the fame Name 
+was afterwards given to the young Men and Maids, 
+who 0 attended the Priefls at their Sacrifices: Though 
+the People of Bceotia p , inftead of Camillus , fay Ca dunl¬ 
+ins ; perhaps from the Arabic Word Chadam , to ferve ; 
+or from the Phoenician Word Chadmel , God's Servant , 
+or Minifler facer. 3. q Pie attended upon dying Per- 
+fons to unloofe their Souls from the Chains of the 
+
+
+k Lucian, dial. Mai as Sc Mercurii. - 1 Stat. Tullian, 
+
+z. devocab. reram. Serv. in 12 Jin. n Pacuv. in Me¬ 
+dea. Dion. Halicarn. 1 . 2. Macrob. Saturn. 3. 0 Bochart. 
+
+Geogr. 1 . 1. c. z. p Sophocl. in CEdip. q Horn. OdyfT. J. 
+
+Body,. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 53 
+
+Body, and to carry them to Hell. He alfo revived, and 
+placed into new Bodies, t'hofe Souls which had com- 
+pleated their full Time in the Elyfan Fields. q Almoft 
+all which Things Virgil does comprife in feven Verfes. 
+
+His remarkable Qualities were likewife many. n 
+They fay, that he was the Inventor of Letters. This is 
+certain, he excelled in Eloquence, and the Art of [peak- 
+ing well ; infomuch that the Greeks called him Hermes^ 
+from his Skill r in interpreting ox explaining ; and there¬ 
+fore he is accounted s the God of the Rhetoricians and 
+Orators. 2. He is reported to have been the Inven¬ 
+tor of'Contrails, Weights, and Meafures ; and to have 
+taught the Arts of Buying, Selling, and Trafficking 
+full; and to have received the Name of Mercury from 
+t his underjlanding of Merchandise. Hence he is accoun¬ 
+ted the God of the Merchants , and the God of Gain ; 
+fo that all unexpected Gain and Treafure, that comes 
+of a fudden, is, from him, called L^asTov or le^Tov 
+[Hermelon .or Hcrmaion.~\ 3. In the Art of Thieving 
+
+
+3 Dixcrat. Me patris magni par ere parabat 
+Imperio, iff primum pedibus lalaria 77 eft it 
+Jlurea , quee fublimem ah'sfive esquoi -a ftp ra 
+Sett terram rapido pariier cu?n fa?nme perianth 
+'Turn <virga?n capit ; hac anhnas ille eve cat Oreo 
+Palle?2tes , alias fub trifia Vartara ; 
+
+Dat fomtios , adhtiitque^ iff lumina ?norte ref gnat. 
+
+Hermes obeys; with golden Pinions binds 
+
+His flying Feet, and mounts the Weflern Winds: 
+
+And, whether o'er the Seas or Earth he flies. 
+
+With rapid Force they bear him down the Skies. 
+
+But firfl he grafps, within his awful Hand, 
+
+The Marks of fovexeign PowV, his magick Wand ; 
+With this he draws the Souls from hollow Graves ; 
+
+With this he .drives them down the Stygiaii Waves 
+With this hefealsin fleep the wakeful Sight, 
+
+And Eyes* tho’clos'd in Death, reflares to light 'Vir JEn. 4. 
+* 'Atto t 3 zpfMrsEvijy, i. e. ab interpretando. s TerfuL 1, 
+de Coronis. Feftus. Fulgent. 1 A mercibus, vel a mercium 
+■cura, Philoflrat. in Soph. 3. 
+
+
+
+54 Qf tb e Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+? he certainly excelled all the Sharpers that ever were* 
+or will be: for he is the very Prince and God of Thieves* 
+The very Day in which he was born, he {foie away fome 
+Cattle from King Admetus’s Herd, although Apollo was 
+Keeper of them ; who complained much of the 7 'heft, 
+and bent his Bow againft him : But, in the mean Time, 
+Mercury flole even his Arrows from him. Whilft he 
+was yet an Infant, and entertained by Vulcan , he flole 
+his Tools from him.- He took away by Stealth Venus's 
+Girdle, whilft {he embraced him ; and Jupiter's Scep¬ 
+tre : He defigned to fteal the Thunder too, but he was 
+afraid left it fhould burn him. 4. He was mightily fkil- 
+rul in making Peace; and for that Reafon was fome- 
+times painted with Chains of Gold flowing from his 
+Mouth, with which he linked together the Minds of 
+thole that beard him. And he not only pacified mor¬ 
+tal Men, but alfo the immortal Gods of Heaven and 
+Hell; for, whenever they quarrelled among them- 
+felves, he compofed their Differences. 
+
+'And this Pacificatory Faculty of his is fignified by the 
+Pod that he holds in his Hand, which Apollo heretofore 
+gave him, becaufe he had given Apollo an Harp. q This 
+Rod had a wonderful Faculty of deciding all Contra - 
+verfies. This Virtue was fir ft difeovered by Mer¬ 
+cury \ who feeing two Serpents fighting as he tra¬ 
+velled, he put his Rod between them, and reconciled 
+
+* 
+
+r Lucian. Dial. Apoll. Sc Vulc. 
+
+9 Pacts A armor uni , fieperis imi/que D corum , 
+
+Arbiter , alato qui pede carpit iter. Ovid Faft. 1 . 
+Thee wing’d foot all the Gods, both high and low. 
+
+The Arbiter of Peace and War allow. 
+
+Atlantis Vcgates Nepos, commune profiundis 
+pi jit peris Numen , qui fas per Ihncn utrumque 
+Solus babes , geminoque jacis compe?idia inundo. 
+
+Fair Mara's Son, whole Pow’r alone doth reach 
+High Heaven’s bright Towers, and Hell’s duiky Beach, 
+A common.God to both, doll both the Worlds appeafe. 
+
+Claudian de Rapt f Prof* 
+
+them 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 5 5 
+
+them prefently, and they mutually embraced each other* 
+and ftuck to the Rod, which is called Caditceus\ and 
+from p hence all Ambaftadors fent to make Peace axe 
+called Cadaceatores. For, as Wars were denounced by 
+q Feci ales , fo they were ended by Caduceatores . 
+
+_ . _ ---i- - - _.m. ____1 hi ..1 ■ 1 ~ 11—1 I — 
+
+p Homer In Hymnis, * Lexic* Lat. in hoc Verbo* 
+
+SECT II. AStions ofNl ercury« 
+
+P, A RE any of his Actions recorded in Hiftory ? 
+
+JTjL M. Yes, feveral; and fuch as in my Judg¬ 
+ment do not much deferve to be remembered* How¬ 
+ever the following Account is moft remarkable. 
+
+He had a Son by his Sifter Ve?nis 0 called p Henna<* 
+phroditus* who was a great Hunter. In tbofe Woods 
+where he frequently hunted, a Nymph called Sahnacis 
+lived, who greatly admired and fell in Love with him 5 
+for he was very beautiful, but a great Woman-hater,, 
+She often tempted the young Man, but was often re- 
+pulfcd 1 yet flie did not defpair. She lay in Ambufli at 
+a Fountain where he ufuallycame to bathe, and, when 
+he was in the Water, fhe alfo leaped in to him 5 but nei¬ 
+ther fo could /he overcome his extraordinary Modefly* 
+Thereupon, it is faid, fhe prayed to the Gods above, 
+that the Bodies of both might become one, which was 
+granted. Hcrtnaphroditus was amazed when he; faw 
+this Change of his Body; and defired that, for his Com¬ 
+fort, fome other Perfon might be like him. He obtain¬ 
+ed his Requeft; for q whofoever wafhed himfelf in that 
+Fountain (called Salmacis , in the Country of Carta) be¬ 
+came an Hermaphrodite , that is, had both Sexes. I am 
+unwilling to omit the following Story. 
+
+A Herd fm an, whofe Name was Bait us , faw Mercury 
+ftealing Admetus 9 s Cows from Apollo their Keeper* 
+
+
+p i . e. Mercurio Venus, nam eft Mercimus & 
+
+iiT«? Venus. s Ovid* Met am. L a c 
+
+E 4 
+
+
+When 
+
+
+
+When Mercury perceived that his Theft was difcover- 
+ed, he went to Battus , and defired that he would fay no¬ 
+thing, and gave him a delicate Cow. Battus promiled 
+him Secrecy. Mercury , to try his Fidelity, came in 
+another Shape to him, and afked him about the Cows: 
+Whether he faw them, or knew the Place where the 
+Thief carried them ? Battus denied it; but Mercury 
+prefled him hard, and promifed that he would give him 
+both a Bull and a Cow, if he would difeover it. With 
+this Promife he was overcome ; whereupon Mercury 
+was enraged, and, laying afide his Difguife, turned him 
+into a Stone called Index. This Story defer ibes in 
+fuch elegant Verfes that I cannot but recite them r . 
+
+The Ancients ufed to fet up Statues where the Roads 
+crofled; thefe Statues they called Indices , becaufe, with 
+an Arm or Finger held out, they fhewed the Way to this 
+or that Place. The Romans placed fome in Public Places 
+and Highways; as the Athenians did at their Doors, to 
+drive away Thieves; and they called thefe Statues 
+Henna >, from Mercury^ whofe Greek Name was Hermes: 
+Concerning which Hermes it is to be obferved, 
+
+I. Thefe Images have neither 5 Hands nor Feet, and 
+from hence Mercury was called Cyllenius , and by Con- 
+$ra£tian 1 Cyllius^ which Words are derived from a Greek 
+
+
+r At Battus , poJlqua?n efi merces gcmznata , fub illzs 
+Monti bus, inquit , erant: & era'at fub montibus ill is ► 
+
+Rifit Atlantiades, & me mibi y perfede^ prodis ; 
+
+Me mi hi prodis , ait ? perjuraque pedtora ajertit 
+In durumJilicem , qui nunc qtwqiie dicitur Index. 
+
+Battus 9 on th’ double Proffer, tells him, there; 
+
+Beneath thofe Hills, beneath thofe Hills they were. 
+Then Hermes laughing loud* What Kna\ r e, I fay. 
+
+Me to njyfelf, myfelf to rne betray ? 
+
+Then to aTouchftone turn’d his perjur’d Breaft, 
+
+Whofe Nature now is in that Name exp refs } d. 
+
+5 Sunt" Atto^e; iC) dxagss Hero d. 1 . i. ? Kvaao$ i. e. ma. 
+
+nuum Sc pedum expers. Lil. Gyraldus. 
+
+" I Word 
+
+^ * % * * 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+ft 
+
+Word fignifying a Man without Hands and Feet ; and 
+not from Cyllene , a Mountain in Arcadia , in which he 
+
+was educated. 
+
+2. A Purfe was ufually hung to a Statue of Mercury , 
+c (o fignify that he was the God of Gain and Profit , and 
+prefided over Merchandizing; in which, becaufe ma¬ 
+ny Times Things are done by Fraud and Treachery, 
+they save him the Name of Dallas . 
+
+3. The Romans ufed to join the Statues of Mercury 
+and Minerva together, and thefe Images they called f 
+Hermathenas'y and facrificed to both Deities upon one 
+and the fame Altar. Xhofe who had efcaped any great 
+Danger, always offered Sacrifices to Mercury: z They 
+offered up a Calf, and Milk, and Honey, and efpecially 
+the Tongues of the Sacrifice?, which, with a great deal 
+of Ceremony, they caft into the Fire, and then the Sa¬ 
+crifice was finifhed. It is laid, that the Megarenfes firft 
+ufed this Ceremony. 
+
+
+
+e Macrob. Sc Sind, apud Lip. f Cicero, s Paufan. in 
+Attic. OvidMetam. 4. Caliiitrat. Homer. 
+
+O 
+
+
+CHAP. VIII. 
+
+Bacchus, His Image . 
+
+JH y ou Palaophilus P 
+
+W P, Who can forbear, when he fees that fil¬ 
+thy, fhamelefs, and immodeft God, placed next to Mer¬ 
+cury ; h with a naked Body, a red face, lafcivious Looks, 
+in an effeminate Pofture, difpirited with Luxury, and 
+overcome with Wine. His fwoln Cheeks refemble 
+Bottles; his great Belly, fat Breads, and his diftended 
+fwelling Paunch, reprefent a Hogffiead, rather than a 
+God to be carried in that Chariot. 
+
+
+
+M. Th 
+
+
+
+M. That is no Wonder ; for it is Bacchus himfelj^ 
+the God of Wine, and the Captain and Emperor of Drunk¬ 
+ards* He is crowned with Ivy and Vine-leaves. He 
+has a *Tbyrfus infcead of a Sceptre, which is a Javelin 
+with an Iron Head, encircled by Ivy or Vine-leaves, 
+in his Hand. J He is carried in a Chariot, which is 
+Sometimes drawn by Tygers and Lions, and fome- 
+times by Lynxes and Panthers : And, like a King, he 
+has his Guards, k who are a drunken Band of Satyrs 9 
+Demons, Nymphs that prefide over the Wine-prefles, 
+jFairies of Fountains, and Prieftefles. Silcmts oftentimes 
+comes after him, fitting on an Afs that bends under 
+his Burthen. 
+
+P. But what’s here?’This Bacchus has got Horns, 
+and is a young Man without a Beard: I have heard, 
+that the Inhabitants of Elis paint him like an old Man, 
+with a Beard. 
+
+AE It is true. He is fomettmes painted an old Man, 
+and fometimes a fmooth and beardlefs Boy: as 1 Ovid 
+and 111 Tibullus deferibe him. I fhall give you the Rea- 
+fon of all thefe Things, and of his Horns, mentioned 
+alfo in p * Ovid , before I make an End of this Fable. 
+
+
+* Ovid, de Arte Amandi, Arlfloph. Scholiait. in PLutuim 
+
+Strabo, I. 26. Ovid. 3. 4. 
+
+k Gohors Satyrorum, Cobglorum, Lenarum, Naiadun:* 
+atque Baccharum. / 
+
+I -- Tibi inconfwnpta jUsvctiia p 
+
+Tu puer <sternus, in fonnofjjfimus alio 
+Confpiceris cash, tibi, cunt fne cornibus adfas, 
+
+Yirgineum caput ejl . 
+
+• -Still doit thou erijoy 
+
+Unwaited Youth ? Eternally a Boy 
+
+Thou’rt feen in Hea<ue?z 7 whom all Perfections grace ; 
+And, when unhorn’d, thou haft a Virgin’s Face* 
+xr * Solis setema ejl Phcsbo Bacchogjie jnsventa. 
+
+.. -Phoebus and Bacchus only have eternal Youth. 
+
+n Jlccedant capiti cornua, Bacchus erzs. 
+
+Clap to thy Head a Pair of Horns, and Bacchus thou fhal? 
+be. 5 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+59 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+SECT. I. ‘The Birth of Bacchus. 
+
+e ACC HUS’s Birth was both wonderful and ridi¬ 
+culous, if the Poets may be heard 5 as they mult 
+v/hen the Difcourfe is about Fables. 
+
+They tell us, that when ‘Jupiter was in Love with 
+Semele? it raifed Juno 9 s Jealoufy higher than ever be¬ 
+fore. Juno therefore endeavoured to deftroy her 1 
+and, in the Shane of an old Woman* vifited Semele^ 
+wifhed her much Joy from her Acquaintance with 
+Jupiter , and advifed her to oblige him, when he came s 
+by an inviolable Oath, to grant her a Requeft ; and 
+then, fays file to Semele 9 ofk him to come to you as he is 
+wont to come to Juno. And he zvi/l come clout bed in all 
+his Glory , and Majejly , and Honour . Semele was great¬ 
+ly pleated-with this Advice; and therefore, when 
+Jupiter vifited her next, file 0 begged a Favour of 
+him, but did not exprefly name the Favour. Jupi¬ 
+ter bound himfelf in the moil folemn Oath to grant 
+her Requeft, let it be what it would Semele encou- 
+
+
+P - Rcgat ilia Jot 1 cm fine nomine munus. 
+
+Cut Dens, Edge, ait, nnllam patiere rcpuljdfn : 
+Quoque rnagis credos , Stygii quo qua covfcia Junto 
+Aumina torrentis Timor, C5X Dens ilia Deorum efl« 
+Lseta ma lo, ?dmi unique petens, perituraque amantis 
+Gbfiequio, Semele ; Qualem Saturn/a, dixit, 
+fie fiolet ample fli, Fencris cum fiaedus iniiis, 
+
+Da mibi te talem . 
+
+•-She afk’d of Jove a Gift unnam’d. 
+
+When thus the kind con fen ting God reply’d. 
+Speak but the Choice, it fhali not be deriv’d: 
+And, to conhrm thy Faith, let Stygian Gods 
+And all the Tenants of Hell’s dark Abodes, 
+Witnefs my Promife ; thefe are Oaths that bind 
+And Gods that keep e’en loose himfelf confin’d* 
+Tran (ported with the fad Decree, £he feels 
+Ev’n mighty Satisfaflion in her Ills ; 
+
+And juft about to perifh by the Grant 
+And kind Compliance of her fond Gallant, 
+
+
+raged 
+
+
+
+6 o Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+raged by her Lover’s Kindnefs, and little fore feeing 
+that what he defired would prove her Ruin, begged of 
+Jupiter to come to her Embraces in the fame Manner 
+that fhe carefTed Juno . What Jupiter had fo folemnly 
+jfworn to perform, he could not refufe. He could not 
+recall his Words, nor free bimfelf from the Obligation 
+of his Oath; fo that he puts on all his Terrors, array¬ 
+ed himfelf with his greateft Glory, and in the Midft 
+of Thunder and Lightning entered Semele’s Houfe. 
+3 Her mortal Body was not not able to fi and the Shock; 
+fo fhe perifhed in the Embraces of her Lover $ for the 
+Thunder ftruck her down and ftupefied her, and the 
+Lightning reduced her to Afhes. So fatal are the 
+rafh Defires of the Ambitious ! When fhe died, fhe 
+was big with Child of Bacchus ; who was preferved, 
+after his Mother’s Deceafe, in fuch a Manner as will 
+make you laugh to hear it: For, the b Infant was taken 
+out of his Mother’s Womb, and fewed into Jupiter *s 
+Thigh, from whence, in Ftilnefs of Time, it was born, 
+and then c delivered into the Hands of Mercury to be 
+carried into Euboea , to Maoris^, the Daughter of Art* 
+Jlceus^ d who immediately anointed his Lips with Ho- 
+
+
+Say, Take Jeve’s Vigour as you ufe Jew’s Name, 
+The fame the Strength and finewy Force the fame. 
+As when you mount the great Satumia’s Bed, 
+
+And, lock’d in her Embrace, diffufive Glories fhed, 
+
+a - Corpus mortcile tumult us 
+
+Non tulit tether cos, donijque jugalibus arjtf . 
+
+Nor could her mortal Body bear the Sight 
+Of glaring Beams, and fhong celefiial Light; 
+
+But fcorch’d all o’er with Jove’s Embrace expir’d. 
+And mourn’d the Gift fo eagerly defir’d, 
+b - Geneti'icis ab alvo 
+
+
+Eripztur , pat rtoque tetter (Jl n'cdere digttum ejl) 
+
+Jn/uiturJemori , tnatertzaque temp or a cc triplet. 
+
+The imperfect Babe, that in the Womb does lie. 
+
+Was ta’en by Jove, and few’d into his Thigh, 
+
+His Mother’s Time accompliihing. 
+
+£ E-urip. Bacch, Nat. Com. 1 . d Apol. . Argon. 
+
+' pejj 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 6 \ 
+
+ney, and brought him up with great Care in a Cave 3 
+to which there were two Gates. 
+
+
+SECT. II. Names of Bacchus. 
+
+
+
+Bacchus was fo called from a a Greek Word, which 
+
+
+signifies to revel ; and, from the fame Reafon, the 'wild 
+JVomen , his Companions, are called b Tbyades and c Mee¬ 
+rut des , which Words fignify Madnefs and Folly. They 
+were alfo called (! Mhnallones , that is. Imitators or MU 
+rnicksj becaufe they imitated Bacchus’s Adtions. 
+
+e Biformis , becaufe he was reckoned both a young 
+and an old Man, with a Beard, and without a Beard. 
+Or, becaufe Wine, whereof Bacchus is the Emblem^ 
+makes People fometimes chearful and pleafant, fome- 
+times peevifh and morofe. 
+
+He was named f Brifaus , either (as fome think) 
+from the Nymph his Nurfe 5 or from the Ufe of the 
+Grapes and Honey, which he invented y (for Brifa 
+fignifies a Bunch of prefTed Grapes) or elfe from the 
+Promontory Brifa , in the Ifland of LeJhos y where he 
+was wor{hipped. 
+
+£ Bromius , from the Crackling of Fire , and Noife of 
+Thunder, that was heard when his Mother was killed 
+in the Embraces of ‘ Jupiter . 
+
+h Bimater or Bimetor , becaufe be had two Mothers 5 
+the firft was Semele , who conceived him in the Womb 5 
+
+
+a 3 Awl ra fen @»iexsew ab infaniendo. Euflath. 
+
+apud Lil. b 5 A rrro tyt, a furore ac rabie. Virg. 
+
+n. c A {AcctvofAcn infanio, ferocio. d A 
+
+imitor. e Aipogcpos Diod. apud Lil. f Cornut. in 
+
+Perf. Sat 1 . s 7 Aero rov gpyu y ab incendii crepitu, ton!- 
+
+truf<jue fBnitu. Ovid. 4. Metam. h Idem. ibid. 
+
+and. 
+
+* 9 
+
+
+6 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+and the other, the Thigh of Jupitcif into which hft 
+was received after he was faved from the Fire. 
+
+He is called by divers of the Greeks c Eugenes , that is p 
+born of an Ox, and from thence E*auriformis> or Tanrh 
+ceps ; and he is fuppofed to have Horns, becaufe he firft 
+ploughed with Oxen, or becaufe he was the Son of 
+Jupiter Ammon , who had the Head of a Ram. 
+
+d Dre?? 7 o ?2 bonus , the good Angel ; and in Feafb, after 
+the Vidluals were taken away, the laft Glafs was drunk 
+round to his Honour. 
+
+e DithyrcnnbuS'y which fignifies either that he was born 
+twice, of Scmele and of Jove; or the double Gate, which 
+the Cave had in which he was brought up; or perhaps 
+it means that Drunkards cannot keep Secrets; but 
+whatever is in the Head comes into the Mouth, and 
+then burfls f forth, as fafl as it would cut of two Doors, 
+
+Dionyjsus or Diony/us , £ from his Father Jupiter , or 
+from the Nymphs called Nyfa?^ by -whom he was nurf- 
+edi, as they fay: -or from a Greek Word, fignifying to h 
+prick , becaufe he pricked his Father’s Side with his 
+Horns, when he was born ; or from Jupiter’s Lame- 
+nefs who limped when Bacchus was in his Thigh ; or 
+from an Ifland among the Cyclades , called Dia^ or Nay,of 
+which was dedicated to him when he married Ariadne ; 
+or laftly from the City of Nyfa^" in which Bacchus 
+
+reigned. 
+
+K Evihus , or Evehus . For, in the War of the Giants, 
+when Jupiter did not fee Bacchus , he thought that 
+
+
+c 33sy?w i. e. a hove genitus. Clemens Strom. Euf. 1. 4 , 
+Freep. Evnng\ 6 Diodor. 1; 3 . Idem. j. 3 . c 'Avro 0 .$ 
+f.U Qvqxv dva.izct, *Vsir, a bis in jar)uam ingrediendo. Diodor. 
+Grig. Eufeb. ^ Quail per geminam portam, hie pro¬ 
+verbial iter dc vino, facit to ct>Qvfoi>. s a?.-L tu a 
+Jove, Fhurnut. in fab. h a vve-c-v pun go, Lucian. Dial! 
+5 NTvVc?, i. e. claudus, Nonn, 1. 9 . k Eheu vli\ Eheu 
+Eli ! Eurir*. in B a cell. 
+
+
+he 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 6 3 
+
+he was killed, and cried out, fc Alas Son / Or, becaufe 
+v/hen he found that Bacchus had overcome the Giants* 
+by changing himfelf into a Lion, he cried out again, 
+
+* JVell done , *SW. 
+
+m Evan^ from the Acclamations of the 'Bacchantes^ ■ 
+V/ho were therefore called Ev antes . 
+
+Eucbiusy . n becaufe Bacchus fills his Glafs plentifully* 
+even up to the Brim, 
+
+° Eleletis and Eleus , from the Acclamation where¬ 
+with they animated the Soldiers before the Fight, or 
+encouraged them in the Battle itfelf. The fame Ac¬ 
+clamation was alfo ufed in celebrating the Orgia, which 
+were Sacrifices offered up to Bacchus . 
+
+p lacchus was alfo qne of his Names, from theNoife 
+which Men when drunk make: And this q Title is 
+given him by Claudia?i ; from whofe Account of Bac¬ 
+chus-, we may learn, that he was not always naked, bu£ 
+forhetimes cloathed with the Skin of a Tyger. 
+
+Lena:us ; becaufe, as Donaius fays, r Wine palliates 
+and afluages the Sorrows of Men’s Minds. But Servius 
+thinks that this Name, fince it is a Greek Name, ought 
+not to be derived from a Latin Word, as Donatus fays, 
+but from a Greek s Word, which fignifies the Vat or 
+Prejif in which Wine is made. 
+
+
+k Virg. JEn. 7. 1 hj vie Euge Hi! Cornut, in Peif. 
+
+Acron. in Herat. In Virg. JEn. 6. Ovid 4, Metam* 
+
+n Ab ivyioj, i. e. beneac large fnndo. Nat. Com 1 . p 0 Ab 
+iAgAfy, exclamation e bclllca. Ovid. 4. Me tarn. JEfchyi* in 
+Prometh. 
+
+
+P Ab Icty-xzva clamo, vociferor. 
+q .——Lestufqueflmul pro cedit lacchus 
+Crinalt flare ns hedera : Sfjtsm Parthica Pigris 
+Velat, & aura t os in nodur/i colli git ungues. 
+
+- -The Jolly God comes in. 
+
+His Hair with Ivy tvvindd, his Cloaths a Tvger’s 
+Whofe Golden Claws are clutch’d into a Knot. 
+
+
+Skin 1 
+
+
+de Raptu Projcrp . 1. 1 . 
+r Quodleniat mentem vinum. sJ A7 to rov or 
+
+i. e. torculari. Servius in Virg. Georg, 1 „ 2, 
+
+Liber 
+
+
+
+6 4 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+a Liber and Liber Pater , from Liber o ; as in Greek 
+they call him f ' Elcutherios'\ the Deliverer ; for 
+
+he is the Symbol of Liberty , and was worfhipped in all 
+free Cities, 
+
+Lyreus and Lyccus fignify the fame with Liber : For 
+Wine b frees the Mind from Cares; and thofe, who 
+have drank plentifully, fpeak whatever comes in their 
+Minds, as c Ovid fays. 
+
+The Sacrifices of Bacchus were celebrated in the 
+Night , wherefore he is called d Nyflilius. 
+
+Becaufe he was educated upon the Mountain Nifa , 
+he is called Nif ecus c . 
+
+Rebfusy ’Op$6,* [ Orthos ] becaufe he taught a certain 
+King of Athens to dilute his Wine with Water ; thus 
+Men, who through much Drinking ftagger’d before, by 
+mixing .W*ater with their Wine, begin to go Jlraight . 
+
+His Mother Serncle and his Nurfe were fometimes 
+called Lhyo'j therefore from thence they called him f 
+!Thy one us . 
+
+Laftly, he was called 5 Triuniphus ; becaufe when in 
+1 Triumph the Conquerors went into the Capitol, the Sol¬ 
+diers cried out, Jo Triianpbe ! 
+
+a Virg. 7. Eel., Plutarch, in Probl. Paufan. in Attic. 
+b ’atto tS 7 \v eir, i. e. a folvendo. 
+
+c Cura mulio diluituryue ?nero. 
+
+The plenteous Bowl all Care difpels. Ov. de Art . 
+
+d i. e. no£te perfic,io. Phurnut. in Bacch. Ovid, 
+
+Metatn. 4. c Ovid* ib. 
+
+f Hor. 1 . 1. Carm. s OgiccfAfioc, Var. de Ling. Lat. 
+
+SECT. III. AElions of Bacchus. * 
+
+nACCHXJS invented a fo many Things ufeful to Man- 
+^ kind, either in finifhing Controverfies, in building 
+Cities, in making Laws, or in obtaining Victories, that 
+
+
+a Diod e 1 . 5. Hift, & Qrof. 1 . 2. Hor, Ep. 2,. 
+
+he 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+
+he was declared a God by the joint Suffrages of the 
+whole World. And, indeed, what could not Bacchus 
+himfelf do, when his Priefteffes, by ffriking the Earth 
+with their 'Tybifa drew forth Rivers of Milk, and Ho¬ 
+ney, and Wine, and wrought feveral fuch Miracles, 
+without the lead: Labour ? And yet they received their 
+whole Power from Bacchus . 
+
+1. He invented the a Ufe of Wine ; and firft taught 
+the Art of planting the Vine from whence it is made ; 
+as aIfo the Art of making Honey, and tilling the Earth. 
+This b he did among the People of /Egypt) who there¬ 
+fore honoured him as a God) and called him Ofiris . 
+Let Bacchus have Honour, becaufe he invented the 
+Art of planting Vines : but let him not refufe to the 
+Afs of Naupl'ta its Praifes, who, by gnawing Fines-, 
+taught the Art o f pruning them. 
+
+2. He invented c Commerce and Merchandife, and 
+found out Navigation, when he was King of Phoe¬ 
+nicia* 
+
+
+3. Whereas Men wandered about unfettled, like 
+Eeafis, d he reduced them into Society and Union : 
+He taught them to worfhip the Gods, and was excel¬ 
+lent in Prophefying. 
+
+4. He fubdued India , and many other Nations, rid¬ 
+ing on an Elephant : c He vieftorioufiy fubdued Egypt , 
+Syria , Phrygia , and all the Eaft; where he erecSled 
+Pillars, a s-Hercules did in the Weft : He firft invented 
+Triumphs and Crowns for Kings. 
+
+5. Bacchus was defirous to reward Midas the King 
+0 f Phrygia (of whofe Afs’s Ears we fpake before) be¬ 
+caufe he had done fome Service to him ; and bid him 
+aik what he would. Midas deflred, that vvhatfoever he 
+
+
+a Ovid. 3. Faftorum. b Dion, de Situ Ofbis. Vide 
+Nat. Com. 
+
+Idem, ibid. A Ovid. Fafiorum, Euripid. in Bacch. 
+
+c Dion, de Situ Orbis, 
+
+
+F 
+
+
+touched 
+
+
+
+
+66 Of the Gods of the JtTeathensi 
+
+touched might become Gold ;• f Bacchus was troubles 
+that Midas afked a Gift that might prove fo deltructivc 
+to himfelf ; however, he granted bis Requeff, and gave 
+him the Power he defired. Immediately whatever Mi¬ 
+das touched became Gold ^ nay, when'he touched his- 
+jVleat 01- Drink, they alfo became Gold : When there¬ 
+fore he faw that he could not- efcape Death by Hunger 
+or Thirft, he then perceived that he had foolifhly- 
+begged a deftrudlive Gift ; and repenting his Bargain^ 
+he defired Bacchus to take his Gift to himfelf again, 
+Bacchus confentedi, and bid him bathe in the River 
+PaStolus Midas obeyed and from hence the Sand of 
+that River became Gold, and the River was called 
+Chryforrhoos T or Aurifinus . 
+
+6. When he was yet a Child,, fo me Tyrrhenian Ma¬ 
+riners found him afieep, and carried him into a Ship;, 
+wherefore he firft ftupifed them, flopping the- Ship in 
+Rich a Manner that it was unmoveable : afterwards he j 
+caufed Vines to fpring up in the Ship on a hidden, and 
+Ivy twining about the Oars; and when-the Seamen 
+were almoft dead with the Fright^ he threw them head¬ 
+long into the Sea, and changed them into Dolphins, 
+Ovid. Met am . 3*. 
+
+
+* Annuit optatis , ?iocituraque inuncra fol<vit 
+TAber ; <3 indolv.it y - qitod no?i meUora petijjet. 
+
+To him his harmlefs Wifh Lyaus gives, 
+
+And at the Weaknefs oFs Requcft he grieves. 
+
+L&tus hahetj gaudetque ?naB* 
+
+Glad he departs, and joys in’s Mifery.- O-u. Met, n. 
+
+v % 
+
+SECT. IV. The Sacrifices of Bacchus. 
+
+I N Sacrifices there are three Things to r be confider- 
+ed, the Creatures that are offered ; the Priefts who 1 
+offered them ; and thirdly* the Sacrifices themfelves, | 
+which are celebrated with peculiar Ceremonies. 
+
+j. Amongft. 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+67 
+
+
+f. Amongft Trees and Plants., s thefe were facred 
+or confecrated to Bacchus , the Fir, the Ivy, Bzndweed , 
+the Fig-, and the Vine* Among Animals, the D7*agon 
+and the Pye , Signifying the Talkativenefs of drunken 
+People. The Goat was flain in his Sacrifices, hecaufe 
+he is a Creature deftru£live to the Vines. And', among 
+the /Egyptians, they facrificcd a Swine to his Honour 
+before their Doors. 
+
+2. The Priefts and Prieftefles of Bacchus were h the 
+Satyrs, the Silent , the Naiades , but efpecially the re¬ 
+velling Women called Bacchce, from Bacchus's Name. 
+
+3. The Sacrifices themfelves were various, and ce¬ 
+lebrated with different Ceremonies, according to the 
+Variety of Places and Nations. They were celebra¬ 
+ted on ftated Days of the Year, with the greateft Re¬ 
+ligion, or rather, with the ranked: Profanenefs and 
+Impiety. 
+
+Ofcopboria J were the firft Sacrifices offered up to 
+Bacchus : They were firft inftituted by the Phoenicians, 
+and when they were celebrated, the Boys, carrying 
+Vine-leaves in their Hands, went in Ranks praying, 
+from the Temple of Bacchus , to the Chapel of Pallas . 
+
+The k Trieterica were celebrated, in the Winter, by 
+Night, by the Bacchus, who v/ent about armed, making 
+a great Noife, and foretelling, as it was believed. 
+Things to come. Thefe Sacrifices were in titled TW- 
+Urica, becaufe Bacchus returned from his India?! Expe¬ 
+dition after three Years. 
+
+The 1 Epile?ia:a were Gaines celebrated in the Time 
+of Vintage (after that thePrefs for fqueezing the Grapes 
+was invented.) They contended with one another, in 
+i treading the Grapes, who fhould fooneft prefs out moft 
+
+
+it 
+
+r 
+
+
+'; 
+
+} . g Xenophon in Sacerd. Plutarch, in Probl. Symp. Eurip* 
+* in Hacch. Hero dot. Euterpe. 
+
+I- ■ h Vide Nat. Com, 1. 5 . 1 Paufan. in Att. k Ovid, 
+
+i; Paft. Sc Metamorph. 6 . 1 Scholiaft. in Ariflophan. 
+
+? F 2 Muft h 
+
+
+v ‘ 
+
+L > 
+
+
+
+68 Of the Cods of the Heathens'. 
+
+Mujl ; and in the mean Time they fung the Praifes of 
+Bacchus , begging that the Mujl might be fweet and good. 
+
+05 Canephoria? among the ancient Athenians? were per¬ 
+formed by marriageable Virgins, who carried golden 
+Bafkets filled with the fir ft Fruits of the Year. 11 Ne¬ 
+ver th clefs, fome think that thefe Sacrifices were infti- 
+tuted to the Honour of Diana , and that they did not 
+carry Fruit in the Bafket, but Prefents wrought with 
+their own Hands, which they offered to this Go deleft to 
+teftify that they were defirous to quit their Virginity,, 
+and marry. 
+
+ylpaturia were Feafts celebrated in Honour of Bac¬ 
+chus? fetting forth how greatly Aden are ° deceived by 
+Wine. Thefe Feftivals were principally obferved by 
+the Athenians . 
+
+Amhrofta p were Feftivals obferved in 'January, a 
+Adenth fuel*ed to Bacchus ; for which Reafon this 
+Adonth was called Lcnaus , or Lenteo , becaufe the Wine 
+was brought into the City about that time. q But the 
+R.oman-s called thefe Feafts Brumalia , from Bruma , one 
+of the Name of Bacchus among them ; and they cele¬ 
+brated them twice a Year, in the Adcnths of February 
+and Augitji . 
+
+Afcolia , Feafts fo called, from a Greek r Word fignify- 
+ing a Br^acbo? or Leathern Bottle ? feveral of which were 
+produced filled with Air, or, as others fay, with Wine. 
+
+• The Athenians were wont to leap upon them with one 
+Foot, fo that they would fometimes fall down ; how¬ 
+ever, they thought they did a great Honour to Bacchus 
+hereby,- becaufe they trampled upon the Skins of the 
+Goats, whofis the greateft Enemy to the Vines. But 
+
+ni Deinarat. in Certain. Dionyf. n Doroth. Sydon.apud 
+Nat. Com. ° A decipiendo ab ’A7raraf, fiilo, diftafunt 
+
+Vide Nat. Com in Bac. p Idem. Ibid. q Cash 
+Riiod. 1 . iS. c. ^. 
+
+r .Ab 9 Ao-'-toc utrjs. Tzetfes in Hefi-od. 
+
+* Men and. 1, de My Her. 
+
+
+anion? 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 69 
+
+'among the Romans y Rewards were diftributed to thofe 
+v/ho, by artificially leaping upon thefe Leathern Bottles 
+overcame the reft; and then all them together called 
+aloud upon Bacchus confufedly, and in Verfes unpolifh- 
+ed ; and, putting on Mafks, they carried his Statue a- 
+bout their Vineyards, dawbing their Faces with Harks 
+of Trees and the Dregs of Wine : So returning to his 
+Altar again., from whence they came, they prefented 
+their Oblations in BaTons to him, and burnt them. And, 
+in the laft place, they hung upon the higheft Trees 
+little wooden or earthen Images of Bacchus , which, 
+from the Smallnefs of their Mouths, were called Of- 
+cilia ; they intended that the Places, where thefe fmall 
+Images were fet up in the Trees, fliould be, as it were, 
+fo many Watch-Towers, from whence Bacchus might 
+look after the Vines, and fee that they fuffered no In¬ 
+juries. Thefe Fefiivals, and the Images hung up when 
+they were celebrated, are elegantly deferibed by a Vir¬ 
+gil 9 in the fecond Book of his Georgies . 
+
+Laftly, the Bacchanalia , or Dionyfia , or .Orgia, were 
+the Feafts of Bacchus b , .among the Roitians , which 
+
+a -- Atque inter pocula laeti 
+
+Moll/ bus in prat is -audios fall ere per litres 
+Nec non Aufonii, L’rcja gens miffa coloni y 
+Verjlbus iucomptis ludunt , rifuque Jointo , 
+
+Oraque corticibus fiununt barren da cavatis : 
+
+Et re? Baccbe, vacant per carmina hv.ta, iibique 
+OJi ill a ex aha Jifpendunt mollia piniu 
+Hive omvis largo pnbefeit vine a fatu 9 &c. 
+
+And glad with Bacchus , on the gra/Ty Soil, 
+
+Leaped o 7 er the Skins of Goats befmear’d with Oil. 
+
+Thu s Roman Youth, deriv’d from ruin’d Lrcy, 
+
+In rude Saturnian Rhimes exprefs their Joy ; 
+
+Deform'd with Vizards cut from Barks of Trees, 
+
+With Taunts and Laughter loud their Audience plcafe: 
+
+Jn jolly Hymns they praife tlie God of Wine, J 
+
+vv'hofe earthen Images adorn the Pine, i- 
+
+.And there are hung on high, in Honour of the Vine* j 
+J\ Madnefs fo devout the Vineyard fills, 
+
+F' r g> 4* Georg. 6 & 7 /En. at 
+
+
+
+a Bocliart. in Pha!eg„ 
+
+
+Name 
+
+
+(Ofit he Gods of the Heathens. yt 
+
+•Name of Nimrod'm ay allude to the Hebrew Word Na- 
+* or the Chaldee Na?ner^ a Tyger\ and accordingly 
+
+a the Chariot of Bacchus was drawn by Tygers, and 
+himfelf cloathed with the Sfcin of a Tyger. .3. Bacchus 
+is fometimes called b .Nebrodcs, which is the very fame 
+<as TSlimrodus. Jldofes .ftiles .Nimrod a great Uiaitcr , and 
+we find that Bacchus-is filled °>Zagreus , which in Greek 
+Signifies the fame Thing. I did .not, indeed, .mention 
+the Name of Bacchus among the reft before ; becaufe 
+. I defign not a nice and complete Account <of every 
+Thing : Nor is it abfurd to fay, that Nimrod preflded 
+■over .the Vines, fince he was d the firft .King otBahy- 
+don , where were the moft excellent Wines-, as -the 
+Ancients often .fay. 
+
+Others think that c Bacchus is Mofts, "becaufe ‘many 
+Things in the Table of the one Teem derived from the 
+ddiftor.y of the other : For, firft, fome feign that he was 
+born in Egypt , and prefentlydhut up in an Ark, and 
+thrown upon the Waters., as .was, 3. The Sir- 
+
+name of f Bimater , which belongs to Bacchus?'may’bo 
+aferibed to Mofes , who, befides one Mother by Nature^ 
+had another by Adoption, King Pharaoh’s Daughter* 
+3. They wereboth beautiful Men, brought up in Arabia 
+good Soldiers, and had Women in their Armies. 4. Or¬ 
+pheus diredlly ftiles Bacchus s a Law-giver, and calls 
+him h Mofe:? and further attributes to him i the two 
+Tables of the Law . 5. Befides, Bacchus was called lc 
+
+Bicornis ; and accordingly the‘Face of Mofes appeared 
+double-horned when he came down from-the Mountain, 
+where he had fpoken to God ; the Rays of Glory, that 
+darted from his Brow, refembling ?the fprouting out 
+of Horns . 6. As Snakes w-ere facrificed, and a Dog 
+
+
+* Antliol. - 1 . I. C. -38. Ep. b Nvgptxhg. C Z ccy^dop 
+
+L e* Robuflus Venator. * Ev Athenaeo. c Voffius apud 
+Hoc hart, in fuo Canaan. .Sc Muct. in demon fir. Evangel. 
+
+5 oj(>. G);<r, w xo(popov» b 1 AiTr^axct fritrjxoyp 
+
+Ex'Od. xx;dv. 20, ^ Kurin, in Batch» 
+
+
+amp. 
+
+f 4- 
+
+
+
+given 
+
+
+
+7 s Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+given to Bacchus as a Companion, fo Mofes had this 
+Companion Caleb , which in Hebrew fignifies a Dog. 
+
+7. And as the Bacchus brought Water from a Rock, 
+by ftriking it .with their Thyrfus, and the Country 
+wherever they came flowed with Wine, Milk, and 
+Honey; fo the Land of Canaan , into which Mofes 
+conduced the Ifracliies , not only flowed with Milk 
+and Honey, but with Wine alfo ; 1 as appears from 
+that large Bunch of Grapes which two Men carried 
+upon a Staff betwixt them. 
+
+8. Bacchus m dried up the Rivers Orontes and Hydnf- 
+pet) by ftriking them with his 'T'hyrfus , and pafled thro 5 
+them, as Jl/Iofes pafled through the Red-Sea. 9. It is 
+faid alfo, n 'That a little Ivy-ftick, thrown down by 
+one of the j Batches upon the Ground, crept like a 
+Dragon, and twifted itfelf about an Oak. And, 10. 
+That 0 the India?is once were all covered with Darle¬ 
+ne fs, whilft thofe Baccba enjoyed a perfect Day. 
+
+From whence you may coll eft, that the ancient In¬ 
+ventors of Fables have borrowed many Things from 
+the Holy Scriptures , to patch up their Conceits. p Thus 
+Homer fays, that Bacchus wreftled with Pallene , to 
+whom he yielded : Which Fable is taken from the Hif- 
+
+j * 
+
+tory of the Angel wreftling with Jacob . ^ In like man- 
+ner Paufanias reports, that the Greeks at Droy found an 
+Ark which was facred to Bacchus ; which when 
+pilus had opened, and viewed the Statue of Bacchus 
+laid therein, he was prefently ftruck with Madnefs. 
+The Ground of which Fable is in the fecond Book of 
+
+9 
+
+Kings , where the facred Hiftorv relates, that the Beth- 
+jhemites were deftroyed by GOD, bccaufe they look¬ 
+ed with top much Curiofity into the Ark of the Co¬ 
+venant. r Again, the Poets feign, that Bacchus was 
+
+1 Numbers xii. 24. m Nonn. in Dionyf. 1 . 23. Sc 3^. 
+23. 45. n Apud eundem. 0 Nonnius V of. ap. Bochart. 
+in Can. p Horn. Iliad. 48. s Paufan. in Achaic. 
+r Ariflot. Schol. in A earn. Aft. 2. Seen. 1 . 
+
+* » 1 1 
+
+
+angry 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. y j 
+
+angry with the Athenians , becaufe they defpifcd his 
+Solemnities, and received them not with due P.efpe£l, 
+when firft they were brought by Pegafus out of Ben oil a 
+into Attica: Whereupon he afflicted them with a. 
+grievous Difeafe in the Secret Parts , for which there 
+was no Cure, till by the Advice of the Oracle they per¬ 
+formed the Reverences due to the God, and creeled 
+Phalli , that is. Images of the affiidled Parts, to his Ho¬ 
+nour; whence the Feafts and Sacrifices called Phallica 
+v/ere yearly celebrated among the Athenians . Is one Egg 
+more like another, than this Fable is like the a Hiftory 
+of the Philijlincs , whom God puniihed with th zEmerods 
+for their Irreverence to the Ark r And when they con- 
+fulted the Diviners thereupon, they were told, that 
+they could no ways be cured, unlefs they made golden 
+Images of Emerods, and confecrated them to God. 
+
+
+a i Sam, Chap. v. 
+
+SECT. VI. Fhe Moral Senfe of the Fable . 
+
+Bacchus the Symbol of Wine. 
+
+\ I/'INE and its Effects are underflcod in this Fa- 
+y blc of Bacchus . Let us begin with Bacchus 7 s 
+Birth. When I imagine Bacchus in Jupiter’s Thigh, 
+and Jupiter limping therewith, it brings to my Mind 
+the Representation of a Man that is burthened and 
+overcome with Drink; who not only halts, but reels 
+and ftumbles, and madly rulhes wherever the Force of 
+the Wine carries him. 
+
+Was Bacchus taken out of the Body of his Mother 
+Semele y , in the midft of Thunder and Lightning ; fo af¬ 
+ter the Wine is drawn out of the Butt, it produces 
+Quarrels, Violence, Noife, and Confufion. 
+
+Bacchus was educated by the Naiades , the Nymphs 
+of the Ri vers and Fountains ; whence Men may learn 
+
+to dilute their Wine with Water. 
+
+# 
+
+
+But 
+
+
+
+74 Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+But Bacchus is an eternal Boy. And do not the 
+oldcft Men become Children by too much Drink? 
+Does not Excels deprive us of that Reafon that diftin- 
+guifhes Men from Boys ? 
+
+Bacchus is naked* as he is who has loft his Senfes by 
+Drinking : He cannot conceal, he cannot hide any 
+Thing. a Wine always /peaks Truths it opens all the Se¬ 
+crets of the Mind and Body too* -of which let Noah be 
+-a Witnefs. 
+
+The Poets fays b Bacchus has .Horns ; and from thence 
+xve may learn* that Bacchus makes as many horned as 
+Venus „ 
+
+Nor does c Wine make Men only forget.their Cares 
+and Troubles, but it renders il even the meaneft People 
+bold* infolent, and fierce, • exercifing their Fury and 
+Rage againft others, ao a mad Ox gores with its Horns* 
+I know very well, that fome think that Bacchus was 
+faid to be horned, becaufe the Cups, out of which Wine 
+was drank, were formerly made of Horn c . 
+
+He is crowned with Ivy ; becaufe that Plant (being 
+-always green and flourifhing, and, as it were, young) 
+by its natural Coldnefs, afluages the Heat-occafioned 
+by too much Wine. 
+
+He is both a young and an old Man ; becaufe, as a 
+moderate Quantity of Wine increafes the Strength of 
+the Body, fo Excefs of Wine deftroys it. 
+
+Women only celebrated the Sacrifices of Bacchus , 
+and of them only thofe, which were enraged and intoxi- 
+
+I 
+
+3 In vino veritas^ Erajhu in Adag. 
+
+h Accedant capiii cornua^ Bacchus eris* 
+
+Put but on Horns, and Bacchus thou (halt be. O-v* Ep.Sapb* 
+
+* Curafugit , multo diluhurque mero. 
+
+Full Bowls expel all Grief, diflblve-all Care. 
+
+& Tunc <venilent rifus > tu?ic pauper cornua flimit* 
+
+By Wine and Mirth the Beggar grows a ICing. 
+
+* Porphyr. in' z Carm. Horat. unde q-uafi a 
+
+Lil. Gy raid. 
+
+cated. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. y j 
+
+catcd, and had abandoned themfelves to all Sorts of 
+Wickednefs. Accordingly Wine effeminates the moft 
+niafculine Minds, and difpofes them to Luxury. It be- 
+c-ets Anger, and ftirs up Men to Madnefs : And there¬ 
+fore Lions and Tygers draw the Chariot of Bacchus. 
+
+The Men and Women both celebrated the Bacchana¬ 
+lia in Mafks : It is well that they were afhamed of their 
+Faults their Modefty had not quite left them, fome 
+Remains of it were yethid under thofe Difguifes, which 
+would otherwife have been utterly loft by the Impu¬ 
+dence of the ill Words and Adtions which were heard 
+and feen on thofe Occafions. And does not Wine mafk 
+and difguife us ftrangely ? Does it not make Men Beafts, 
+and turn one into a Lion, another into a Bear, and an¬ 
+other into a Swine, or an Afs ? 
+
+I had alrnoft forgot to-tell you, that Bacchus is fome- 
+times merry, and fometimes fad and morofe: For, in¬ 
+deed, What cherifhes the Heart of Man fo much as 
+Wine ? What more delightfully refrefhes the Spirits 
+and the Mind, than that natural Nedlar^ that divine 
+Medicine , which, when we have taken, a our Griefs 
+are pacified, our Sorrows abated, and nothing but 
+Cheerfulnefs appears in our Countenance. 
+
+The Vine is fo beneficial to this Life, that many fay 
+b that the Happinefs of one confifts in the Enjoyment 
+of the other \ but they do not confider, that if Wine be 
+the Cradle of Life , yet it is the Grave of Reafon : For, if 
+Men do conftantly fail hi the Red-Sea of Claret , their 
+Souls are oftentimes drowned therein. It blinds them, 
+and leads them under Darknefs, efpecially when it be¬ 
+gins to draw the Sparkles and little Stars from their 
+Lyes, Then, the Body being drowned in Drink, the 
+
+
+* 'Tunc dolor & cur a?-, rug ague front is ahejl . 
+
+Gkir Sorrows flee, we end our Grief and Fears, 
+
+No thoughtful Wrinkle in our Face appears. 
+
+O vid, de Arte Amandin 
+
+* In vite hominis vitam effe dicercs. 
+
+a Mind 
+
+
+A 
+
+
+♦ 
+
+74 Of the Gods of the Heathens.. 
+
+But Bacchus is an eternal Boy. And do not th* 
+oldcft Men become Children by too much Drinkf 
+Does not Excels deprive us of that Reafon that diftia~ 
+guifhes Men from Boys ? 
+
+Bacchus is naked, as he is who has loft his Senfes by 
+Drinking : He cannot conceal, he cannot hide any 
+Thing. a Wine.always Jpeaks "Truths it opens all the Se¬ 
+crets of the Mind and Body tco.j of which let Noah be 
+
+a Witnefs. 
+
+
+The Poets fays b Bacchus has Horns ; and from thence 
+xve may learn, that Bacchus makes as many horned as 
+Venus . 
+
+
+Nor does c Wine make Men only forget.their Cares 
+•and Troubles, but it renders ,l even the meaneft People 
+bold, infolent, and fierce, • exercifing their Fury and 
+Rageagainft others, as a-mad Ox gores with its Horns. 
+I know very well, that fome think that Bacchus was 
+laid to be horned, becaufe the Clips, out of which Wine 
+was drank, were formerly made of Horn 
+
+He is crowned with Ivy; becaufe that Plant (being 
+always green and fiourifhing, and, as it were, young) 
+by its natural Coldnefe, afTuages the Heat occafloned 
+by too much Wine. 
+
+Pie is both a young and an old Man ; becaufe, as a 
+moderate Quantity of Wine increafes the Strength of 
+the Body, fo Excefs of Wine deftroys it. 
+
+Women only celebrated the Sacrifices of Bacchus v 
+and of them only thofe, which were-enraged and intoxi- 
+
+
+3 In vino veritas, Eraftru in Adag, 
+h Accedant capiti -cornua, Bacchus erir .. 
+
+Piit but on Horns, arid Bacchus thou fiialt be. Ov+ Ep . Saph . 
+c Cura f no it , multo diluiiurque mero. 
+
+Full Bowls expel all Grief, diflolveall Care. 
+a Tunc eventunt rifus , tunc pauper cornua Jitmiu 
+By Wine and Mirth the Beggar grows a King. 
+
+* Porphyr. in 2 Carm. Iiorat. unde quafi y.spf^ a 
+
+LiL Gy raid. 
+
+cated. 
+
+
+i j 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. y j 
+
+catcd, and had abandoned themfelves to all Sorts of 
+Wickednefs. Accordingly Wine effeminates the mofl 
+niafculine Minds, and difpofes them to Luxury. It be¬ 
+gets Anger, and ftirs up Men to Madnefs : And there¬ 
+fore Lions and Tygers draw the Chariot of Bacchus. 
+
+The Men and Women both celebrated the Bacchana¬ 
+lia in Mafks : It is well that they were afhamed of their 
+Faults ; their Modefty had not quite left them, fome 
+Remains of it were yethid under thofe Difguifes, which 
+would otherwife have been utterly loft by the Impu¬ 
+dence of the ill Words and Actions which were heard 
+and feen on thofe Occafions. And does not Wine malic 
+and difguife us ftrangely ? Does it not make Men Beafts, 
+and turn one into a Lion, another into a Bear, and an¬ 
+other into a Swine, or an Afs ? 
+
+I had almoft forgot to tell you, that Bacchus is fome- 
+times merry, and fometimes fad and morofe: For, in¬ 
+deed, What cherifhes the Heart of Man fo much as 
+Wine? What more delightfully refrefhes the Spirits 
+and the Mind, than that natural Nediar^ that divine 
+Medicine , which, when we have taken, a our Griefs 
+are pacified, our Sorrows abated, and nothing but 
+Cheerfulnefs appears in our Countenance. 
+
+The Vine is fo beneficial to this Life, that many fay 
+b that the Happinefs of one confifts in the Enjoyment 
+of the other \ but they do not conftder, that if Wine be 
+the Cradle of Life , yet it is the Grave of Reafon : For, if 
+Men do conftantly fail in the Red-Sea of Claret , their 
+Souls are oftentimes drowned therein, ft blinds them, 
+and leads them under Darknefs, efpecially when it be¬ 
+gins to draw the Sparkles and little Stars from their 
+Eyes. Then, the Body being drowned in Drink, the 
+
+* Laitc dolor & curat, rug aguefronds ahejl . 
+
+Gkir Sorrows flee, we end our Grief and Fears, 
+
+No thoughtful Wrinkle in our Face appears. 
+
+Ovid, de Arte Amandi- m 
+
+* In vite hominis vitam effe diceres. 
+
+2 Mind 
+
+
+^6 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Mmd floats, or elfe is ftranded. Thus too great Love 
+of the Vine is pernicious to Life 5 for from it come 
+more Faults than Grapes , and it breeds more Mifchiefs. 
+than Cluficrs . Would you fee an Inflance of what you 
+read? Ohferve a drunken Man : OBcaft ! See how his 
+Head tctters,his Hams fink, his Feet fail, his Hands trem - 
+ble, his Mouth froths, his Cheeks are flabby, his Eyes 
+ip ark I e and water, his Words are unintelligible, his 
+'Longue fa niters and flops, his Throat fends forth a 
+nafry loathforne Stench. But what do I fay ! It is not 
+my Buiinefs now to tell Truth but Fables. 
+
+
+CHAP. IX. 
+
+
+M a r s. His Image,, 
+
+
+i > . A S far as I fee, we mu ft tarry in this Place a!! 
+
+X X Night. 
+
+M. Do not fear it ; for I fhall not fay fo much of 
+the other Gods as I have faid of Bacchus ; and efpeci- 
+ally I hope that Mars> whofe Image is next, will not 
+keep us fo long. 
+
+• P. Do you call him Mars , that is fo fierce and four 
+in his Afpedt 5 Terror is every where in his Looks, as 
+well as in his Drcfs : He fits in a Chariot drawn by a 
+Pair of Horfes, which arc driven by a diilradled Wo¬ 
+man : He is covered with Armour, and brandifhes a 
+Scear in his right Hand, as though he breathed Fire 
+
+•a- O y O * 
+
+and Death, and threatened every Body with Ruin and 
+Deft ru£t ion.. 
+
+
+M. It is Mars himfelf, the God of TVar^ whom I 
+have often feen on Korfebaek, in ?. formidable Manner, 
+with a Whip and a Spear together. A Dog was con¬ 
+secrated to him, for his Vigilance in the Purfuit of his 
+Prey ; a Wolf, for his Rapacioufnefs and Perfpicacity ; 
+a Jlaven, be.caufe he diligently follows Armies when 
+
+they 
+
+
+
+
+
+Tl. VI. 
+
+
+Tone jo 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+* » 
+
+
+Gf the Gods of the Heathens. 77 
+
+* 
+
+they march, and watches for the Carcafes of the Slain ; 
+an d a Cock, for his Wak'efulncfs, whereby he prevents 
+2 \\ Surprize. But, that you may underftand every 
+Thlno- in that Picture, obferve, that the Creatures 
+which* d raw the Chariot arc not Horfes, but Fear and 
+terror. Sometimes Difcord goes before them in tatter’d 
+Garments, and Cla?nour and Anger go behind. Yet 
+fome fay, that Fear and Terror are Servants to Ildars j 
+and accordingly, he is not more a awful and imperious 
+in his Commands, than they are b ready and e:>:a£t in 
+their Obedience ; as we learn from the Poets. 
+
+P. Who is the "Woman that drives the Chariot ? 
+J[4. She is Bcllona , the c Goddefs of War, and the 
+Companion of Mars ; or, as others fay, his Sifter, ov 
+Wife, or both. She prepares for him his Chariot and 
+Horfes when he goes to fight. It is plain that fhe is 
+called Bellona from Bclhtm . She is other wife called 
+Due lion a from Duelhon , or from the G reek V/ ord 
+[Belov e ] a Needle , whereof (he is faid to be the Invert- 
+trefs. Her Priefts, the Bellonarii , facrificed to her in 
+their own Blood : They <l hold in each Hand naked 
+
+t 
+
+a Fer gaham, Bellona , mihi , nexvfque rot arum : 
+
+Tende, Favor ; Frrena rapid os. For mi do , j ugales. 
+
+My Helmet let Bellona bring : Terror my Traces fit j 
+And , panic Fear > do thou the rapid Driver fit. 
+
+Claud o it: 
+
+0 - fatvit medio in cert amine Flavors, 
+
+C re lat us Ferro, trijlcfjue ex at there DircC, 
+
+Et feffa gaudens vadit Dfordio pallet, 
+fhjani cum fa?iguinea fequitur Bel lera flag el la . 
+
+A Tars in the Middle of the (Lining Shield 
+Is grav’d, and (hides along the liquid Field. 
+
+The Dir a come from Heav’n with quick Dcfcent, 
+
+And Difcord dy’d in Blood, with Garments rent. 
+
+Divides the Prefs: Her Steps Bellotia treads. 
+
+And (hakes her Iron Rod above their Pleads. Virg* FEn. 8, 
+c Silius, 1 . 4. Statius Theb. 1 . 7. d Sectis humeris 
+
+& utraque manu diftri£\os gladios e;:erentes. currant, efferun- 
+tur, infaniunt. La&antius, 1 . 1. c, 17. 
+
+Szvordsz 
+
+
+
+Of tbe Gods of the Heathens „ 
+
+
+Swords , with which they cut their Shoulder r, and ivildly 
+rim up and down like Men ?nad and pojjejfed: Whereupon 
+a People thought that (after the Sacrifice was ended) 
+they were able to fore tel future Events. Clauclian intro¬ 
+duces Bellona combing Snakes ; and another b Poet de- 
+feribes her fhaking a burning Torch, with her Hair 
+hanging loofe, ftained and clotted with Blood, and 
+running through the Midfl of the Ranks of tfie Army, 
+and uttering horrid Shrieks and dreadful Groans. 
+
+Before the Temple of this Goddefs, there flood a 
+Pillar called Bellica , c over which the Herald threw a 
+Spear when he proclaimed War. 
+
+
+a Juveriw Sat. 4. Lucan. 1 . 1. Eutrop. 
+b Ip/a Jaciem qualiens , Jla-uam Janguive multo 
+
+Sparj'a com am* medias acies Bel loti a per err at* 
+
+Si ride t \Tar tare a nigro fuh p eft ore Diva 
+
+Lethifcrum murmur* Sil. lib. 
+
+Her Torch Bellona waving thro* the Air, 
+
+Sprinkles with clotted Gore her flaming Hair, 
+
+And thro 5 both Armies up and down doth flee* 
+
+Whillt from her horrid Bread; TiJ:phone 
+A dreadful Murmur fends. 
+c Alex, ab Alexandra, 1 . 8. c. n. 
+
+
+SECT. I. His Defcenl . 
+
+Jt/FARS is faid to be the Son of Jupiter and Juno , 
+J. VJL though, according to Ovid's Story, he is the Child 
+of^«»0only: For, fays he, Juno greatly admired by 
+what'Way pofiible her Hufband Jupiter had conceived 
+Minerva, and begot her himfelf, without the Concur¬ 
+rence of a Mother (as we fhall fee in the Hiftory of 
+Minerva;) but as foon as her Amazement ceafed d , fhe, 
+being defirous of performing the like, went to Oceanus 
+to afk his Advice, whether fhe could have a Child with- 
+
+d Horner. Iliad. 5. Hefiod. in Theog. 
+
+out 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+cut her Hufband’s Concurrence. She was tired in her 
+Journey, and fat down at the Door of the Goddefs 
+flora y who, underftanding the Occafion of her Jour¬ 
+ney,. defired her to be of good Heart, for {lie had in her 
+Garden a Flower, which if flic only touched with the 
+Tips of her Fingers,, the Smell of it would make her 
+conceive a Son prefently. So yiuio was carried into the 
+Garden, and the Flower (hewn her ; file touched it, 
+and conceived Mars , who afterwards took to Wife 
+a Nerio> or Ncrione , (which Word in the Sabine Lan¬ 
+guage hgnifies b falour and. Strength) and from her the 
+Claudian Family formerly derived the Name of Nero . 
+
+
+
+a Vide de la Cerda in Virgilii A 2 n. 1 . 8> b Virtutem 
+
+Sc Robur iignificat. 
+
+
+SECT. II. Names u/Mars, 
+
+K T I S’Name a Mars fets forth the Power and Influ- 
+1 ence he has in War, where he prefides over the 
+Soldiers : And his other Name b Mavors {hews, that 
+all great Exploits are executed and brought about 
+through his Means. 
+
+The Greeks call him c [A?'es] either from the 
+
+Deftrucftion and Slaughter which he caufes } or from 
+
+the 4 Silence which is kept in War, where Actions, 
+
+not Words, are neceffary. But from whatfoever 
+
+Words this Nameis derived, it is certain that thofe fa- 
+
+% * 
+
+mous Names, Areopagus and Areopaglta , are derived 
+.from Arcs. The Areopagus , *(that is theiAVY 
+
+
+a Quod maribus in bello profit. b Quod magna vertaf* 
+Var. de Ling. Eat. 3. c ’At to rov ocipsiv tollere, vel daccipav 
+interficcre, Cic. 5. de Natura. Phurnut. 4 Ab d non & 
+loquor, QTt lv TixoTUf/CW ov 7\zy:tJV ctTOt e^ycijv ^ptiety cpiod in bello 
+necellaria non flat Verba fed Fafla. Saidas Paufan. in -Attic. 
+
+
+or 
+
+
+
+So Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+or Mountain of Mars) was a Place at Athens , In which, 
+when Mars was accufed of Murder and Inceft, as 
+though he had killed Halirothius , Neptune's Son, and 
+debauched his Daughter Alcippa , he was forced to 
+defend himfelf in a Trial before twelve Gods, and 
+was acquitted by fix Voices ; from which that Place 
+became a Court, wherein were tried capital Caufes, 
+and the Things belonging to Religion. a The Areopa- 
+gties were the Judges, whofe Integrity and good Credit 
+was fo great, that no Perfon could be admitted into 
+their Society, unleis, when he delivered in publick an 
+Account of his Life paft, he was found in every Part 
+thereof blamelefs. And, that the Lawyers who pleaded 
+might not blind the Eyes of the Judges by their Charms- 
+of Eloquence, they were obliged to plead their Caufes 
+without any Ornaments of Speech $ if they did other- 
+wife, they were immediately commanded to be filent. 
+And, left they fhould be moved to Companion by fee¬ 
+ing the mifenible Condition of the Prifoners, they gave 
+Sentence in the Dark, without Lights, not by Words, 
+but in a Paper; whence, when a Man is obferved to 
+fpsak very little, or nothing at all, they ufed prover¬ 
+bially to fay of him, that b He is as filent as one of the 
+fudges in the Areopagus . 
+
+PI is Name Gravidas comes from the Statelinefs in 
+c marching ; or from his Vigour in li hrandzjhmg his 
+Spear. 
+
+.He is called dftirlnns c from Curls , or Sfuzris^ fig- 
+nifying a Spear; whence comes Securzs , quafi Sejni - 
+curls 9 a Piece of a Spear. And this Name was after¬ 
+wards attributed to Romulus , becaufe he was efreem- 
+ed the Son of Mars ; from whence the Romans were 
+
+
+n :or 
+^ ' 
+
+
+fudauis in Pandedh ult. de len. b Areopagita 
+
+Cic. ad Attic. I. i. c d gradiendo. <! 
+
+i: 9 i. e. ab hafke vibratione. e Serv. in j&neid. 
+■ 
+
+
+tacitur- 
+
+T OV XfZ- 
+
+
+called 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+81 
+
+
+called §>uirites 9 b Gradrvus is the Name of Mars when 
+he rages ; and if> uirinus , when he is quiet; And ac¬ 
+cordingly there were two Temples at Rome dedicated 
+to him ; one within the City, which was dedicated to 
+Mars uirinusy the Keeper of the City’s Peace ; the 
+other without the City, near the Gate, to Mars Gra« 
+dlvus , the JVarrior , and the Defender of the City a«* 
+
+gainft all outward Enemies, 
+
+The ancient Lathis applied to him the Title of c Sail* 
+fubfulus , or Dancer^ ' from Salio 9 becaufe his Temper is 
+very inconftant and uncertain, inclining fometimes. to 
+this Side, and fometimes to that, in "Wars: . .Whence 
+we fay, that the Iffiie of Battle is uncertain, . and 
+the Chance dubious. . But \ye mull, not think that 
+Mars was the only God of Wart c for Bellona , ViSlo- 
+ria 9 Sou Luna , and Pluto ufe to .be reckoned in the 
+
+^ ^ ^ # * _• , _ # * * 9 • / 
+
+Number of Martial Deities*. It was ufualwith the La¬ 
+cedemonians to fhackle the. Feet. of the Image of Mars , 
+that he fhould not fly from them: And amongft the 
+Romans , the Priefts Salii were inftituted to look after 
+
+^ i % 
+
+the Sacrifices of Mars y and go about the City dancing 
+with their Shields/ „ „ . 
+
+4 % » * * .1 . * 
+
+He was called EnyaTius i .from Enyo , that is, Bellona^ 
+and by fuch-like Names ; but it is not worth my while 
+to infiff upon them longer; 
+
+
+• r 
+
+
+
+
+b Idem. ibid. r Pacuv 
+nis eft* Cic; 1 . 6. ep. 4. 
+Lil. Gyr; 
+
+
+in Norm. d Mars belli commu- 
+c Servius in i 1 TEneid. f Vide 
+
+
+S.iS C To III- Adlions of Mars. 
+
+T T is ftrange* that the Poets relate only one A&ion 
+J. of this terrible God; and even that deferves to be 
+Concealed in Darknefs, if the Eight of the Sun had 
+not difcoVered it; and if a good Kernel was not 
+chntained in a bad Shell. The Story of Mars and 
+V anus's Adultery, from whence s H amitotic , a tutelar 
+
+g Plutarch, in Pelopida. 
+
+G Deity,- 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+2 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+Deity, was born, was fo publickly known, that a Ozii 
+concludes that every body knows it. Sc/had no fooner 
+difcovered it, but he immediately acquainted Vulcan , 
+Venus 's Hufband, with his Wife’s Treachery. Vulcan 
+hereupon made a Net of Iron, wbofe Links were fo 
+fmall and flender, that it was invifible; and fpread it 
+over the Bed of Venus. Soon after the Lovers return to 
+their Sport, and were caught in the Net. Vulcan calls 
+all the Gods together to the Shew, who jeered them 
+extremely b . And, after they had long been expofed to 
+the Jett and Hides of the Company, Vulcan , at the Re- 
+queft of Neptune, unloofes their Chains, and gives them 
+their Liberty: But AleSlryon , Mars 's Favourite, fuf- 
+fered the Punifhment that his Crime deferved; be- 
+caufe, when he was appointed to watch, he fell a- 
+fleep, and fo gave Sol an Opportunity to flip into the 
+Chamber. Therefore Mars changed him into a Cock, 
+which to this Day is c fo mindful of his old Fault, that 
+he confiantly gives Notice of the Approach of the Sun, 
+by his Crowing. 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+u 
+
+I A 
+
+
+3 Fabula ?iarratur, toto notijfima earfo> 
+
+Mulciberis fapti Marfque Veim/que dolls. 
+
+The Fable’s told thro 7 Heaven far and wide, 
+b How Mars and Venus were by Vulcan ty’d. 
+
+- ' VI rg. 2. 
+
+c Grasce *AA zxrcvwv* £. e* Gallus. 
+
+
+Ovid, 
+
+
+a 
+
+
+'U 
+
+
+*^2 
+
+
+
+
+^neid, 
+
+
+si 
+
+|« 
+
+
+SECT. IV. The Signification of the foregoing 
+
+
+Fable, 
+
+
+* • 
+
+L ET us explain this Fable. Indeed when a Venn* 
+is married to a Vulcan , that is, a very handfome 
+Woman to a very ugly Man, it is a great Occafionof 
+Adultery. But neither can that Difhonefty, or any 
+other, efcape the .Knowledge of the Sun of Right eoufnefi 
+although they may be done in the obfcureft Darknefsj 
+though they be with the utmoft Care guarded by the 
+
+, . ? .... ... . . * - - — truftirt 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 83 
+
+Sruftieft Pimps in the World ; though they be commit¬ 
+ted in the privateft Retirement, and concealed with the 
+greateft Art, they will at one Time or other he expofed 
+to both the Infernal and Celeftial Regions, in the bright¬ 
+er Lights when the Offenders fhall be fet in the Mid#* 
+bound by the Chains of their Confcience, by that fal¬ 
+len Vulcan , who is the In ft rumen t of the Terrors of 
+the true Jupiter ; and then they lhall hear and fuffer 
+the Sentence, that was formerly threatened to David 9 
+in this Life, "Thou did ft this ‘Thing fecretly ; but I vuill do 
+this Thing before all I fra el, and before the Sun, 2 Sam. 
+xii. 12. 
+
+But let us return again to Mars , or rather to the 
+Son of Mars 3 Tereus , who learnt Wickednefs from his 
+Father’s Examples for, as the Proverb lays, a bad Fa¬ 
+ther makes a bad Child. 
+
+
+SECT. V, 
+
+
+of M 
+
+
+ofT 
+
+
+the Son 
+
+
+CjfERE'US Was the Son of Mars , begotten of the 
+Nymph Biflonis . a He married Progne the Daugh¬ 
+ter of Pandion , King of Athens , when he himfelf was 
+King of Thrace. This Progne had a Sifter called 
+
+Philomela , a Virgin in Modefty and Beauty inferior 
+to none. She lived with her Father at Athens . Progne 9 
+being defirous to fee her Sifter, afked Tereus to fetch 
+Philomela to her; he complied, and went to Athens , 
+and brought Philomela , with her Father’s Leave, to 
+Progne. CJpon this Occafion, Tereus falls defperate- 
+ly in Love with Philomela ; and as they travelled 
+together, becaufeihe refufed to Comply with his De¬ 
+fires, he overpowered her, and cut out her Tongue, 
+and threw her into a Gaol ; and, returning afterwards 
+to his Wife, pretended, with the greateft: Aflurance, that 
+
+
+a Ovid. Metam. 6 
+
+G 2 
+
+
+Philo - 
+
+
+
+Philomela died in her Journey ; and, that this Story might 
+appear true, he fhed many Tears, and put on Mourning, 
+But a Injuries whet the Wit, and .Defire of Revenge 
+makes People cunning*. For, Philomela , though {lie was 
+dumb, found out a Way to tell her Sifter the Villainy 
+of Pereus. The Way file difcovered the Injuries done 
+to her was this5 fhe defcribed the Violence Percus of¬ 
+fered her as well as (he could, in Embroidery, and 
+fends the Work folded up, to her Sifter, who no fooner 
+viewed it, but fhe boiled with Rage; and was fo tran¬ 
+sported with Paftion, that fhe could b not fpeak, her 
+Thoughts being wholly taken up in contriving how 
+fhe fhould avenge the Affront. Firft then fhe haftened 
+to f her Sifter, and brought her Home without Percui s 
+Knowledge. Whilft: fhe was thus meditating Revenge, 
+her young Son leys came embracing his Mother ; but 
+fhe carried him afide into the remote Parts of the Houfe, 
+and Hew him while c he hung abcut her Neck, and 
+called her Mother: When fhe had killed him, fte 
+cut him into Pieces, and dreffed the Flefb,. and gave it 
+jVereus for Supper; Pereus d fed heartily on his own 
+
+
+— Graride Moris 
+
+
+
+
+pgeniuni eft, miferifqne njenit folertia reins. 
+
+Xteftfe of Vengeance makes the Invention quick. 
+When, miferable. Help with Craft we feek. 
+b Bt (mirum potulfe ! ) ftlet ; dolor ova reprejjit , 
+
+Verbaque queer inti fatis' indigna>itia lingtue 
+JDefuerant , nec ft ere *vacat: fedfafque nefajque 
+Confttfura ritit , poenreque in imaghie tota eft . 
+
+She held her Peace, ’tis ftrange: Grief flruck her mute. 
+No Language could .with, fiich- a Pallion fuit, - 
+Nor had ftie Time fo weep * Right, Wrong were mix 
+In her fell Thoughts her Soul on Vengeance iixt. 
+c Bt mater , mater, clamahte?n 15 colla pbtentem 
+Enfe ferit: ' 
+
+«-He Mother, ’Mother, cries,- 
+
+And on her clings,- whilft by her Sword he dies. 
+
+81 Vefcitur, inane fiamfua njifcera congerit al-vum . 
+
+—-- -- - - does eat. 
+
+And his own Flefh and Blood does make his Meat, 
+
+
+v 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 85 
+
+Flefb and Blood. And when after Supper he fent for 
+his Son Itys , a Progne told him what the had done, and 
+fhewed his Son’s Head. Tereus, incenfed with Rage, 
+rufhed on them both with his drawn Sword 5 but they 
+fled away, and Fear added Wings to their Flight; fo 
+that Progne became a Swallow, and Philomela a Night¬ 
+ingale. Fury gave Wings to Tereus himfelf; he was 
+changed into a TVhoopo (Upupa) which is one-of the fil- 
+thieft of all Birds. The Gods out of Pity changed Itys 
+into a Pheafant* 
+
+a Intus babes quodpoJcis y ait. Circumfpicit rile 
+Atque ubi Jit> quterit ; qucercntiy iter unique vocanti^ 
+
+Projiluit, Ityofque caput Philomela cnie?iiu?n 
+Mi/it in ora pair,is. 
+
+Thou haft, faid fhe, within thee thy Delire. 
+
+He looks about, afks where. And while again 
+He afks and calls ; allbloody with the Slain, 
+
+Forth like a Fury Philomela flew, 
+
+.And at liis Face the Head of Itys threw. 
+
+SECT. YI. The Sacrifices -of Mak s. 
+
+r fj ' v O Mars b were facrificed the Wolf for his Fierce- 
+JL nefs ; the Horfe for his Ufefulnefs in War; the 
+Woodpecker and the Vultur for their Ravenoufnefs ; 
+the Cock for his Vigilance, which Virtue Soldiers 
+ought chiefly to have; and Grafs, becaufe it grows in 
+Towns that the War leaves without an Inhabitant; 
+and is thought to come up the quicker in fuch Places 
+as have been moiftened with human Blood. 
+
+Among!!: the moft ancient Rites belonging to Mars s 
+I do not know a more memorable one than the follow¬ 
+ing : c Whoever had undertaken the Conduit of any War^ 
+
+b Virgil, ^n. 9. c Qui belli alicujus fufceperat curam* 
+facrarium Martisingreflus, primo Anciliacommovebat,poft 
+haftam fimulacri ipfius ; dicens. Mars , Kigila, Servius. 
+
+G 3 he 
+
+
+86 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+he went into the Vejiry of the Temple of Mars ; and ftfl 
+Jhaked the Ancilia (which zvere a Sort of holy Shields) af - 
+terzvards the Spear of the Image of Mars if elf and faid i 
+Mars, Watch, 
+
+
+
+CHAP. X. 
+
+The Celeftial Gcddejfes . Juno. ■ 
+
+M. ' V %T OU have viewed the Five Celeftial Gods; 
+
+JL now look upon the Celeftial Goddeftes that 
+follow them there in Order. Firft obferve Juno, rid¬ 
+ing in a a golden Chariot, drawn by Peacocks, diftin- 
+guifhed by a Sceptre, which fhe holds in her Hand, 
+and wearing a Crown that is fet about with Rofes and 
+Lillies. 
+
+She is the Queen of the Gods, and both the b Sifter 
+and Wife of 'Jupiter . Her Father was c Saturn , and 
+her Mother Ops: She was born in the Ifland Samos 
+where fhe lived till fhe was married 
+
+P. Really fhe carries a very majeftick Look. How 
+bright, how majeftical, how beautiful is that Face, how 
+comely are all her Limbs ? How well does a Sceptre be¬ 
+come thofe Hands, and a Crown that Head ? How much 
+Beauty is therein her Smiles? How much Gracefulnefs 
+in her Breaft ? Who could refift fuch Charms, and 
+not fall in Love, when he fees fo many Graces ? Her 
+Carriage is ftately, her Drefs elegant and fine. She is 
+full of Majefty, and worthy of the greateft Admiration* 
+But what pretty Damfel is that, which waits upon her, 
+as if fhe were her Servant ? 
+
+
+Virg- 1. 
+
+MJt 
+
+
+a Ovid. Metam. 2. Apuleius, 1 . 10, 
+b - Jo<vifpue 
+
+Et for or id co 7 ijux -- — ■ 
+
+• c Apollon. 1. Argon. 
+
+
+H ML x 
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+rf &, 
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+M. It is /w 5 a the Daughter of Tbaumas and Elee- 
+$ra 9 and Sifter to the Harpyes . She is Juno's Meflen- 
+ger, as Mercury is Jupiter's, though Jupiter and the o~ 
+ther Gods, the Furies, nay, fometim^s Men, havefent 
+her on a Meflage. Becaufe of her Swiftnefs £he is 
+painted with Wings, and file rides on a Rainbow^ as 
+b Ovid fays. 
+
+It is her Office befides to unloofe the Souls of Women 
+from the Chains of the Body, as Mercury unloofes the 
+Mens'. We have an Example of this in Dido, who laid 
+violent Hands on‘herfelf; for, when Ihe was almoft 
+dead, Juno fent Iris to loofe her Soul from her Body*, 
+as c Virgil largely defcribes it in the Fourth Book of the 
+JEneid . 
+
+
+But herein Iris differs from Mercury % for whereas 
+he is fent both from Heaven and from Hell, {he is fent 
+
+
+a Virg. 2. JEn. z, Nonn. 20. Idem. 31. Homer. Iliad. 23, 
+
+b t’emeatper quos modo venerat arcus . 
+
+On the fame Bow fhe went fhe foon returns. Ov . Met, 2, 
+c ’Turn Juno. omnipotens lo?jgum infer at a doloretn, 
+
+Difficilefque obit us, Irim demijit Qlympo ; 
+
+Qucs luttantem animum, tiexofque refolveret artus 0 
+Ergo Iris croceis pes‘ caelum rofcida pennis , 
+
+Mille trabens varies adverfo Sole colores , 
+
+Devolat, & fupra caput ajiitit . Hu?ic ego Diiz 
+Sacrum jujjd fero, teque ijio cor pore folvo ; 
+
+Sic ait, & dextra crinejn fee at, omnis & unci 
+Dilapfus color, atque hi vent os vita recejjit . 
+
+Then Juno, grieving that fhe fhould fuflain 
+A Death fo lingering and fo full of Pain, 
+
+Sent Iris down to free her from the Strife. 
+
+Of lathing Nature, and di fib I ve her Life. 
+
+Downward the various Goddefs took her Flighty 
+And drew a thoufand Colours from the Light; 
+
+Then flood about the dying Lover’s Head, 
+
+And faid I thus devote thee to the Dead, 
+
+This Off ring to th’ Infernal Gods I bear. 
+
+Thus while fhe fpoke, fhe cut the fatal Hair : 
+
+The flruggling Soul was loos’d and Life difTolv’d in Air. 
+
+G 4. fronn 
+
+
+
+38 Of the Gods of the Heathens 9 
+
+from Heaven only*. He oftentimes was employed in 
+Meflages of Peace, whence he was called the b Peace¬ 
+maker? But Iris was always fent to promote Strife and 
+
+Diflenfion, as if fhewas the Goddefs of Difcord ; And 
+
+, / * ' ' 
+
+therefore fome think that her c Name was given her 
+from the Contention which fhe perpetually creates 3 
+though others fay, fhe was called d lris y becaufe fhe 
+delivers her MefTages by Speech, and not in Writing. 
+
+, . 1 % - % 
+
+a Heixod. in Theog. * > Ei(=v)vo'z;oio<; y i. e. pacificator. Vid, 
+Serv. in iEneid. 4. quail"Epts Contentio. Servius 
+
+d llupa to zgE?V} a loquendo. 
+
+SECT. I. The Children of J uno. 
+
+Her Dijpojition . 
+
+P 9 \“XjT HAT Children had Juno by Jupiter? 
+
+Vv At. Vulcan , Atars, and Hebe . c Although 
+fome write that Hebe had no other Parent than Juno? 
+and was born in the Manner following: Before Juno 
+had any Children, fhe eat fome wild Lettuces, fet before 
+her at a Feaft in Jupiter 9 s Houfe; and growing on a 
+fudden big-bellied fhe brought forth Hebe , who, for her 
+extraordj.fiary Beauty, was, by Jupiter* made Goddefs 
+of Youth, and had the Office of Cup-bearer of Jupiter 
+given to her. . But when by an unlucky Fall fhe made 
+all the Guefts laugh, Jupiter was enraged, turned her 
+out from her Office, and put Ganymede in her Stead® 
+
+P. Which was Junds mod notorious Fault? 
+
+At* Jealoufy: I will give one or two of the many 
+Inftances of it. Jupiter loved Io y the Daughter of Ina- 
+thus ; and enjoyed her. When Juno obferved that 
+Jupiter was absent frpiq Heaven, fhe juftly Aifpe&ed 
+
+• - f • • « — ^ % \+n m ♦ "T M * 
+
+e Paufan. in Corintho 
+
+• • • * 4 
+
+
+that 
+
+
+n-'V 
+
+
+
+
+
+that the Purfuit of his Amours was the Caufe of his Ab- 
+fence. Therefore fhe immediately flew down to the 
+Earth after him, and luckily found the very Place* 
+where Jupiter and /? entertained themfelves in private. 
+As foon as Jupiter perceived her coming, fearing a 
+Chiding, he turned the young Lady into a white Cow* 
+Juno, feeing the Cow, afked who fhe was, and from what 
+gull fhe came? Says Jupiter , fhe was born on a fudden 
+put of the Earth. The cunning Goddefs, fufpedfling 
+the Matter, defued to have the Cow, which Jupiter 
+could not refufe, left he fhould increafe her Sufpicion. 1 
+So Juno , taking the Cow, b gave it Argus to keep ; 
+which Argus had an hundred Eyes, two of which in 
+their Turns flept, while the others watched. 
+
+Thus was Jo under conftant Confinement; nor was 
+the perpetual Vigilance of her Keeper her only Mif- 
+fortune; for, befides, fhe was fed with nothing but 
+infipid Leayes and bitter Herbs, which Hardfhip Jupiter 
+could not endure to fee. Wherefore he fent Mercury 
+to Argus to fet Jo free. Mercury , under the Difguife 
+pf a Shepherd, came to Argus , and with the Mufick 
+of his Pipe lulled him afleep, and then cut off his 
+Head. Juno was grieved at Argus's, Death, and to 
+
+
+b-— Sernjandam tradidit Argo, 
+
+Centum luminibus chiShjzn caput Argus babcbat : 
+
+Indefuis *vicibus capieba?it bina quiet e?n ; 
+
+Cestera fer-vabazzi , atque in Jlatione manebant* 
+
+Conjiiterat quocunque loco , fpeftabat ad Jo , 
+
+Ante oculos Jo, quamvis a'verfus babe bat, 
+
+. The Goddefs then to Argus ftraight convey’d 
+Her Gift, and him the watchful Keeper made. 
+
+Argus's Head an hundred Eyes pofleft; 
+
+And only two at once declin’d to Reft; 
+
+The others watch’d, and in a conftant Round, 
+Refrefliment in alternate Courles found. 
+
+Where’er he turn��d he always Io view’d, 
+
+Jo he faw, tho’ fhe behind him flood. 0<vid. \. Met am, 
+
+* * * , 
+
+make 
+
+
+
+
+9 ° Of ^ oe &°d s of the Heathens . 
+
+snake him 4 ome Amends, fhe turned him into a Pea¬ 
+cock, and c fcattered his hundred Eyes about the Tail 
+of the Bird. * Nor did her Rage'-againft Io ceafe, for 
+£he committed her to the Furies to be tormented : De- 
+fpair and Anguifh made her flee into Egypt , where (he 
+begged of Jupiter to reftore her to her former Shape. 
+Her Requeft being granted, fhe thenceforth took the 
+Name of ljis 9 the Goddefs of the Egyptians , and was 
+v/orfhipped with Divine Honour. 
+
+Juno gave another clear Mark of her Jealoufy. d For, . 
+when her Anger againft Jupiter was fo violent, that 
+nothing could pacify her. King Citheeron c advifed Ju¬ 
+piter to declare that he intended to take another Wife. 
+The Contrivance pleafed him, wherefore he takes an 
+oaken Image, drefled very beautifully, and puts it into 
+a Chariot, and declares publicity, that he was about to 
+Enarry Plataa the Daughter of JEfvpus . The Report 
+fpread, and came to Juno's'. Ears; who, immediately 
+running thither, fell furioufly upon the Image, and tore 
+all the Cloaths, till fhe difcovered the Jeft ; and Laugh¬ 
+ing very much, flie was reconciled to her Hufband : 
+And from King Citbeeron> the Advifer of the Artifice, 
+£he was afterwards called Citbesronia. .The reft of the 
+rnoft confiderable of her Names follow. 
+
+
+« -- Ceniumque oculos nox occupnt una y 
+
+Excipzt bos, *voh(crfquefuai Saturnia pennis 
+C olio cat, fsf gemmis caudamjlellantibus iniplet . • . 
+
+There Argus lies; and all that wond’rous Light, 
+Which gave his hundred Eyes their ufeful Sight, 
+Lies buried now in one eternal Night. 
+
+But Juno, that fhe might his Eyes retain. 
+
+Soon fix’d them in her gawdy Peacock’s Train. 
+d Doroth, de Nat. Fabulas. e Plut. in Arid. 
+
+
+
+SECT II. Names of Juno. 
+
+
+NT HI A? u e. Florida 9 Flowery: i Paufanias 
+mentions her’TempIe. 
+
+
+Jrgiva from the People s Argivi ; amongft whom the 
+Sacrifices called [ Heraia ] c H^r« were celebrated to her 
+
+
+Honour; in which an Iletacomb , that is, an Hundred 
+
+
+Oxen, were facrificed ro her. They made her Image of 
+Gold and Ivory, holding a Pomegranate in one Hand* 
+a-d a Sceptre in the other; upon the Top of which 
+flood, a Cuckow , becaufe Jupiter changed himfelf into 
+than Bird, when he fell in Love with her* 
+
+
+Bwuea , from h Bunanis the Son of Mercury , who 
+built a Temple to this Goddefs at Corhith . 
+
+Calendar is (from the old Word 1 Calo, to call; for 
+flie was called upon by the Priefts, upon the firftDays 
+of every Month ; which Days are called Calendar* 
+
+Caprotbia , k on the Nones of July, that is, on the 
+yth Day, Maid-fervants celebrated her Feftival, toge¬ 
+ther with feveral Free-women, and offered Sacrifices to 
+Juno under a wild Fig-tree (Caprificus) in Memory of 
+that extraordinary Virtue, which directed the Maid- 
+fervants of Rome to thofe Counfels, which preferved the 
+Honour of the Roma?i Name. For after the City was 
+taken, and the Gallick Tumults quieted, the Borderers 
+having an Opportunity almoft to opprefs the Romans y 
+who had already fuffered fo much ; they fent an He¬ 
+rald to tell the Remans , that, if they defired to fave the 
+Remainder of their City from Ruin, they muff fend all 
+their Wives and Daughters. The Senate being ftrange- 
+ly diftra&ed hereat, a Maid-fervant, whole Name was 
+Philotis or Tutsla y telling her Defign to the Senate , 
+took with her feveral other Maid-fervants, drefied then* 
+
+
+f In Coripth. s Doroth. 1. 2 . Met. & Paufan. h Pau- 
+fan. in Corinth. 1 Macrob. in Sat. k Plutarch, & Ovid. 
+deArte Amandi, Var« de Ling. Lat, 
+
+
+like 
+
+
+92 Of fhe Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+like Miflreffes of Families, and like Virgins, and went 
+with them to the Enemy. Levy , the Dictator , difperC. 
+ed them about the Camp ; and they incited the Men to 
+drink much, becaufe they faid that was a Feftival Day; 
+The Wine made the Soldiers fleep foundly 5 whereupon 
+a Sign being given from a wild Fig*-tree, the Romani 
+•came and {lew all the Soldiers. The Romans were not 
+forgetful of this great Service; for they made all thefe 
+Maid-fervants free, and gave them Portions out of the 
+pubHclc Treafury: They ordered that the Day fhould 
+be called Nones Capr Glints , from the wild Fig-tree, from 
+whence they had the Sign: And they ordered an Anni- 
+verfary Sacrifice to Juno Caprotina, to be celebrated un¬ 
+der a wild Fig-tree, the Juice of which was mixed with 
+the Sacrifices in Memory of the Action.. 
+
+Curls or Curitis , from her Spear a called Curls in the 
+Language of the old Sabines . The Matrons were un- 
+derftood to be under her Guardianfhip; whence, fays 
+b Plutarch^ the Spear is facred to her, and many of her 
+Statues lean upon Spears, and fhe herfelf is called j 
+rites and Curitis . Hence fprings the Cuftom, that the 
+Bride combs her Hair with a c Spear found flicking in 
+the Body of a Gladiator, and taken out of him when 
+dead, which Spear was called Hajla Cell bar is. 
+
+Cingula , d from the Girdle which the Bride wore 
+when fhe was led to her Marriage ; for this Girdle was 
+unloofed with Juno 9 s good Leave, who was thought 
+the Patronefs of Marriage. 
+
+Do min due a and Inter duca , c from bringing Home the 
+Bride to her Hujband* 5 Houfe . 
+
+Egeria , f becaufe Jhe promoted , as they believed , the 
+Facility of the Birth. 
+
+a Feflus. • b In Roinulo. c Crinis nubentium come- 
+batur hafta celibari, quze fcilicet in cor pore gladiator is fletif- 
+fet abje£tioccilique. Arnob. contra Gentcs. _ d A cin- 
+gulo. Marian, de Niipt. c A ducerjda uxore in domum 
+snariti. Auguft. 7 . de Civit. f Quod earn partui egerendo 
+opitulari crederent. Feflus. 
+
+Februalls , 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 9 3 
+
+* 
+
+Februalis , Februata , Februa , or Februla , a becaufe 
+they facrificed to her in the Month of February . b Her 
+Feftival was celebrated on the fame Day with Pern’s 
+Feafb, when the Luperci, the Priefts of the God of 
+Shepherds, running naked through the City, and c flri- 
+Jcing the Hands and Bellies of breeding Women with 
+Juno 9 s Cloak (that is, with ffo of a Goat) d purified 
+them ; and they thought that this Ceremony caufed to 
+the Women Fruitfulnefs and eafy Labours. All Sorts 
+of Purgation in any Sacrifices were called Februa ; and 
+the Animals facrificed to Juno c were a white Cow, a 
+Swine, and a Sheep. The Goofe alfo, and the Pea¬ 
+cock, were facred to her. 
+
+Fluonia , f becaufe fheaffifted Women in their Courfes. 
+
+Hoplofmta , that is, s armed completely , fhe was - wor¬ 
+shipped at P/ri 5 and from hence Jupiter is called Afo- 
+
+plofmius. 
+
+b Jug a, becaufe fhe is the Goddefs of Marriages . * A 
+Street in Rome, where her Altar flood, was called yi*- 
+garius from thence. And anciently People ufed to en¬ 
+ter into the Yoke of Marriage at that Altar. She is alfb, 
+by fome 7 called Socigena, becaufe k fhe afiifts in the cou¬ 
+pling the Bride and Bridegroom. 
+
+Lacina , from the Temple Lacinium > built and dedi¬ 
+cated to her by 1 Lac ini us. 
+
+Lucina , and Lucilia, either from m the Grove, in 
+which fhe had a Temple, or from the Light of this 
+World, into which Infants are brought by her. n Ovid 
+
+
+a Ex Sext. Pomp. b Cum Lupercalibus. c Ovid. -z>. 
+Faftorum. d Februabant, id eft, purgaban.t. Cic. 2 . Phil. 
+c Virg. 4. JEn . Idem 8 . Idem 4. f Ovid. ibid. Quod 
+fiaoribus menftruis adefl. s Lil. Gyrald. h Et Greece 
+Ziylu ajugo aut conjugio. Serv. -4. JEn. 1 Fefius. 
+
+k Quodnubentes aflociet. 1 Strab. 1. 6 . Liv. 1. 24 ., 
+a A luco vel luce. Var. de Ling. Lat. 
+
+* Gratia Lucina , dedit hsec tibi nc?ni?ia Lucas, 
+
+Vel quia principiumiu, dca, lucis babes. 
+
+Lucina, hail, fo nam'd from thy own Grove, 
+
+Or from the Light thou giv’It us from-above. Fafi. 1 . 2 . 
+
+2 computes 
+
+
+g2 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+like MiftrefTes ofFamilies, and like Virgins 9 and went 
+with them to the Enemy* Levy , the Dictator , difperf* 
+ed them about the Camp; and they incited the Men to 
+drink much, becaufe they faid that was a Feftival Day; 
+The Wine made the Soldiers fleep foundly ; whereupon 
+a Sign being given from a wild Fig-tree, the Romans 
+•came 2nd flew ail the Soldiers. The Romans were not 
+forgetful of this great Service; for they made all thefe 
+Maid-fervants free, and gave them Portions out of the 
+publiclc Treafury: They ordered that the Day fhould 
+be called Nonce Caprotincs , from the wild Fig-tree, from 
+whence they had the Sign: And they ordered an Anni- 
+verfary Sacrifice to Juno Caprotina , to be celebrated un¬ 
+der a wild Fig-tree, the Juice of which was mixed with 
+the Sacrifices in Memory of the A&ion,. 
+
+Cur is or Curitis ,, from her Spear a called Curts in the 
+Language of the old Sabines. The Matrons were un- 
+derftood to be under her Guardianfhip; whence, fays 
+b Plutarch , the Spear is facred to her, and many of her 
+Statues lean upon Spears, and fhe herfelf is called S%ui- 
+rites and Curitis. Hence fprings the Cuftom, that the 
+Bride combs her Hair with a c Spear found flicking in 
+the Body of a Gladiator, and taken out of him when 
+dead, which Spear was called Hajla Celibaris . 
+
+Cingula , d from the Girdle which the Bride wore 
+when fhe was led to her Marriage ; for this Girdle was 
+unloofed with Juno's good Leave, who was thought 
+the Patronefs of Marriage . 
+
+Dominduca and Interduca , c from bringing Home the 
+Bride to her Hujband's Hotfe. 
+
+Egeria , f becaufe f)e promoted , as they believed , the 
+Facility of the Birth . 
+
+a Feflus. ■ b In Romulo. c Crinis nubentium come- 
+batur hafta celibari, quas fcilicetin corporegladiator;s ftetif- 
+fet abjedtioccifique. Arrxob. contra Gentcs. d A cin- 
+gulo. Marian. deNupt. c A ducenda uxore in domum 
+mai iti. Auguft. 7. deCivit. f Quod earn partui egerendo 
+opitulari crederent. Feflus« 
+
+FebrualiSy 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 93 
+
+* 
+
+Felrualis , Februata , Februa , or Februla , a becaufe 
+they facrificed to her in the Month of February . b Her 
+Feftival was celebrated on the fame Day with Paw’s 
+Feafis, when the Luperci 7 the Priefls of Pan, the Godcf 
+Shepherds, running naked through the City, and c lin¬ 
+king the Hands and Bellies of breeding Women with 
+Juno's Cloak (that is, with the Skin of a Goat) a purified 
+them ; and they thought that this Ceremony caufed to 
+the Women Fruitfulnefs and eafy Labours. All Sorts 
+of Purgation in any Sacrifices were called Februa ; and 
+the Animals facrificed to Juno c were a white Cow, a 
+Swine, and a Sheep. The Goofealfo, and the Pea¬ 
+cock, were facred to her. 
+
+Fluonia , { becaufe fheaffifted Women in their Courfes> 
+
+Hoplofmia , that is, g armed completely , fhe was wor- 
+fhipped a tElh'> and from hence Jupiter is called Ho - 
+plojmius. 
+
+* Juga , becaufe fhe is the Goddefs of Marriages . 1 A 
+Street in Rome, where her" Altar flood, was called y#- 
+
+from thence. And anciently People ufed to en¬ 
+ter into the Yoke of Marriage at that Altar. She is alfo, 
+by fome 7 called Socigena , becaufe k fhe afiifts in the cou¬ 
+pling the Bride and Bridegroom. 
+
+Lacina , from the Temple Lacinium > built and dedi¬ 
+cated to her by 1 Lacinius . 
+
+Lucina , and Lucilia, either from m the Grove, in 
+which fhe had a Temple, or from the Light of this 
+World, into which Infants are brought by her. n Ovid 
+
+a Ex Se;;t. Pomp. b Cum Lupercalibus. c Ovid. 2. 
+Faftorum. d Februabant, id eft, purgabant. Cic. 2. Phil, 
+c Virg. 4. ^£n. Idem 8. Idem 4. f Ovid. ibid. Quod 
+fiuoribus menftruis adeil. s Lil. Gyrald. h Et Graece 
+Z lylcc ajugo aut conjugio. Serv. 4. 1 Fefius. 
+
+k Quod nubentes aflociet. 1 Strab. 2 . 6. Liv. 1 . 24, 
+
+a A luco vel luce. Var. de Ling. Lat. 
+
+n Gratia. Lucina , dedit htvc iibi ncmbia Lucas , 
+
+Vd quia principium iu , dea 9 lucis babes . 
+
+Lucina , hail, fo nam’d from thy own Grove, 
+
+Or from theLight thou giv’ft us from-above. FV?/?. 1 . 2, 
+
+2 computes 
+
+
+94 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+
+comprifes both tliefe Significations of Lucian in a Db 
+fiich. 
+
+Moneta , s either becaufe fhe gives wholefomeCoun* 
+fel to thofe who confult her, or becaufe ftie was believ¬ 
+ed to be the Goddefs of Money. 
+
+h Nuptialis; and when they facrificed to her under tils 
+Name, 1 they took the Caul out of the Vi£Hm, and cafe 
+It behind the Altar; to fignify, that there ought to be no 
+Gall of Anger betwixt thofe -who are married together* 
+
+Opigena, becaufe fhe gives ’* Help to "Women in Labour* 
+
+Partbenos , the Virgin; or 1 Parthenia , Virginity; and 
+fhe was fo called, as m we are told, from hence: There 
+was a Fountain, amongft the Argivi , called Canathui , 
+where Juno , wafhing herfelf every Year, was thought 
+to recover her Virginity anew. 
+
+Perfetta, that is, Perfedl: For n Marriage wasefteem* 
+ed the Perfection of human Life, and unmarried People 
+imperfect. \Vherefore fhe did not become perfe< 3 , 
+nor deferve that Name till fhe married Jupiter . 
+
+Populona , or Populonia , ° becaufe People pray to her; 
+or becaufe they are procreated from Marriage, of which 
+fhe is Goddefs. 
+
+And for the fame Reafon fhe was called p Pronub: 
+Neither indeed were any Marriages lawful, unlefs Juris 
+was firft called upon. 
+
+Regina , Queen : and this Title fhe gives herfelf, as 
+we read in q VirgiL 
+
+
+g Vel quod reddat monita falutaria, vel quod'fit Dea mo- 
+netse, id eft, pecuniae. Liv, 1 . 7. Suid. Ovid. Epift. Parid. 
+
+h Grasce 1 Eufeb,' 3. Praep. Evang. FluC, 
+
+in Sympof. ' k Opem in partu laborantibus fert. Lil. Gy- 
+rald. 1 Pindar, in Hymn. Olymp. m Paufan. in Co¬ 
+rinth. n Jul. Pollux. 1 . 3. Apud Grsecoseodemfenfu Ju¬ 
+no vocabatur r dkfiu, Sc conj ugium ipfum r&ziov, quod vitam 
+humanam reddat perfe&am. Vide Scholiaft. Pindar. Od. 9. 
+Veme. ® Aug. 6. de Civit. Macrob. 6. Saturn, 
+p Seneca in Medea, 
+
+*2 Aft ego , quee Dbutm bice do Regina, Jovi/que 
+
+Et Soror &; Conjux 0 ‘ JEn> l* 
+
+S of pit a $ 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 9 g 
+
+Sofpita 3 3 becaufe all the Women were fuppofed to 
+be under .her Safeguard, every one of which had a 
+Juno? as every Man had his Genius. 
+
+JJnxia was another of her Names, b becaufe the Polls 
+of the Door were anointed, where a new-married Co-u- 
+lived : whence the Wife was called c Uxor . 
+
+
+But I who walk in awful State above ; 
+
+The MajeJly of Heaven; Siller and Wife of Jove. 
+
+3 A folpitando Cic. de Nat. b Ab ungendo. Lil. Gy- 
+raid. c Quail Unxor, ab ungen'dis poliibus* 
+
+
+SECT, III. 
+
+• • * 
+
+S the Signification of the Fable. Juno the Air! 
+
+• 0 
+
+9 
+
+TF we regard Varro *s Account, by Juno was figni- 
+JL fied the Earth , and by Jupiter the Heavens , By the 
+Marriage of which two, that is, by the Commixture of 
+the Influences of the Heavens with the Vapours of the 
+Earth, all Things almoft are generated. 
+
+But, if we.believe the Stoicks , by Juno is meant the 
+Air; for that, as Tze/ly.fays 9 d lying between the Earth 
+and the Heavens, is confecrated by the Name of Juno r 
+And what makes this ConjetSlure more probable, the 
+Greek c Names of Juno and the Air have great Affinity 
+and Likenefs. Juno is called Jupiter’s Wife ; f be¬ 
+caufe the Air, being naturally cold, is warmed by Ju~ 
+piter , that is, by Fire. She is called Aeria %; becaufe 
+fhe is the Air itfelf, or rules in the Air ; and hence a- 
+rifes the Story, that Juno is bound by Jupiter with 
+golden Chains, iron Anvils being.hung at her Feet: 
+Hereby the Ancients fignified, that the Air, though na~ 
+
+
+9 * * 
+
+d Aer interjedtus inter cesium Sc terrain Junonis nomine 
+confecratus efl:. Cicero z. de Natura. 
+c Sc "H get • 
+
+f Hellenic, in Ac* p^otoy'cc, Horn. Iliad. 
+
+, * Phurnut. . , . ? ' .... 
+
+•" ■•iuraUy* 
+
+
+
+rurally mote like Fire, yet it was fometimes mingled 
+with Earth and Water, the heavieft Elements* 
+
+
+And, as I mentioned before, every Woman had a 
+unoy and every Man had a Genius * which were their 
+'utelar or Guardian Ahgels a . 
+
+
+
+Sen. Epifl. 320. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. XL 
+
+SECT. I. Minerva s/- Pallas. 
+
+Her hnage . 
+
+JP. '“TpHtS is a threatening'Go.ddefs, and carries 1 
+A nothing but Terror in her Afpeft. 
+
+M. It is Minerva , who derives her Name, as fome 
+£hink, h from the Threats of her ftern and fierce Look, 
+P. But why is fhe cloathed with Armour , rathpr 
+than with Women’s Cloaths ? c What means that 
+Head-piece of Gold, and the Creft that glitters fo? To 
+what Purpofe has fhe a golden Breaft-plate, and a 
+Lance in her Right-hand, and a terrible Shield in her 
+Left? On the Shield, which fhe holds, I fee a grifly 
+
+Head befet with Snakes. And what means the Cod 
+
+• * 
+
+and the OvA, that are painted there ? 
+
+M. I will fatisfy all your Demands. She ought to 
+be armed, rather than drefled' in Women’s Cloaths, 
+becaufe fhe is the Prejident and In vent refs of War , 
+The Cock ftands by her betaufe he is a fighting Bird j 
+and is often painted fitting on her Head-piece 5 as does 
+the Owl, of which by and by. But as for the Heals 
+which feems fo formidable with Snakes* fhe not only 
+carries it on her Shield* but fometimes alfo in the 
+Midft of her Breaft : It is the Head of Medifa , one of 
+
+1 
+
+b Minerva dicitur a minis. c Apollon. 90. d 'Virg. 
+II. -ffineid. Cic. de Nat. Dcoivl. x. 
+
+the 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
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+
+
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
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+
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+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . gy 
+
+Gdrgons, of . which ° Virgil gives a beautiful Defcription. 
+The BafiliiE alfo.is (acred to her, to denote the great 
+Sagacity of her Mind, and the dreadfuJ Effects of her 
+Courage, {he being the Goddefsboth of Wifdom and of 
+War; for, the Eye of the Bafilifk is hot only piercing 
+enough to difcover the. fmaheft Objedh, but k is able to 
+firike dead into whatfoever Creature it looks on. But,- 
+I believe, yoii do not obferve an Olive-Crown upon the 
+Head of this Goddefs. 
+
+4 
+
+P. It efcaped my Notice; nor do I yet fee why the 
+Goddefs of iVar fhould be crowned with an Olive , which 
+is an Eriiblem of Peace $ as, I remember, I have read in 
+p Virgil ^ ; ^ 
+
+M . For that very Reaforl, becaufe it is the Emblem * 
+cf Peace it ought to be given to the Goddefs of War e 
+For, War is only made that Peace may follow, Tho* 
+there is another Reafon too, why {he wears the Olive : 
+For, hie firft taught Mankind the Ufe of that Tree. 
+When Cecrops built a new City,- Neptune and Minerva 
+contending about the Name of that City, it was refol- 
+ved, that whichfoever of the two Deities found out the 
+moft ufeful Creature to Man, fhould give their Name 
+to the City. Neptune brought a Horfe, and Minerva 
+caufed an Olive to fpring out of the Earth, which was 
+judged a more ufeful Creature far Man than the Horfe ; 
+
+
+0 yEgidaque horriferam, tier bates Pall adz s udrma^ 
+
+QertatwiJ'qua??i??iisfcrpentu?;z , aui'oque polibant^ 
+
+Conncxofque angues ; ipfamque i?i pediore Dives , 
+
+Gorgo?za , dcfcSzo vcrientezzi Izwiina collo . 
+
+The reft refrefh the fcaly Snakes that fold 
+The Shield of Pallas , and renew their Gold : 
+
+FuIIon the Creft the Gorgon^s Head they places 
+With Eyes that roll in Death and with diftorted Face* 
+
+PEneid. 8, 
+
+p Paczferaque maiiu ramunz prestendit olives z 
+
+And in her Hand a Branch of peaceful Olive bears. 
+
+* Hut. in Themiffoc. Herod. Terpftch. 
+
+H There-. 
+
+
+
+9 $ ©/* the Gods- of the Heathens ; 
+
+Therefore Minerva named the City* and called it £ 
+iBenay after her own Name* in Greek 5 a 0 W. 
+
+
+SECT. II. The Birth of Minerva, 
+
+IT Tift or V mentions five a Minerva* s. We fhall fpeak 
+jLjL of that only which was bom of Jupiter and to 
+whom the reft are referred. 
+
+P . But how was fhe born ?' 
+
+40 
+
+M. I will tell you, if you do not know, though it is 
+ridiculous. When 'Jupiter faw that his Wife Juno was 
+barren, he through Grief ftruclc his Forehead, and after 
+three Months brought forth Minerva \ from whence, 
+as fome fay, fhe was called b Tritonia ; Vulcan was his 
+Midwife, c who, opening his- Brain with the Blow of 
+an Hatchet, was amazed,, when he faw d an armed Vi¬ 
+rago leaping out of the Brain of the Father, inftead of 
+a tender, little, naked Girl. 
+
+Some havefaid, that c Jupiter conceived this Daugh¬ 
+ter when he had devoured Metis,, one of his Wives, 
+with which Food he prefently grew big, and brought 
+forth the armed Pallas . 
+
+They fay befides, f that it rained Gold in the Illaml 
+of Rhodes , when Minerva' was born: Which Obferva- 
+tion s Claudian makes alfo.- 
+
+a Cic. de Nat. Deor. b Quail Tpilo^uic veli>V.MtA 
+tertio menfe nata, Athena,-apud Gyr. c Lucian>■ in Dia¬ 
+log. Deorum. 
+
+u _- Zy e Capitis fertur Jine mat re prater nr 
+
+Veviice arm clypeo projiluiJJe/no. 
+
+Gut of her Father's Scull, as they report,- 
+
+Without a Mother, all in Arms leap’d forth.- 
+
+" Heliod in Theogon.- f Strabo, 1 . 14-. 
+
+s Auratos Rbodiis imbrcs , nafcento Minerva, 
+
+Induxi/fe Jove??! ferunt . 
+
+At Pallas' Birth, great Jupiter, Ave’re told,- 
+
+[Beflrew’d the Rhodians with a Show’r of G-old. 
+
+SEC T. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+99 
+
+
+SECT. III. Names of Minerva. 
+
+L EX us fir ft examine whence the Names Minerva 
+and Pallas are derived. 
+
+Minerva is fo called from a diminifhing. And it is 
+very true, that fhe, being the Goddefs of War, dimi- 
+nifhes the Numbers of Men, and both deprives Families 
+of their Heads, and Cities of their Members. b Eut it 
+may be derived from Threatenings, as I faid before $ 
+becaufe her Looks threaten the Beholders with Vio¬ 
+lence, and ftrike them with Terror, Or, perhaps, fhe 
+has her Name from the good c Admonitions flic gives 5 
+becaufe fhe is the Goddefs of Wifdom . She is common¬ 
+ly thought to be Wifdom itfelfy whence, when Men 
+pretend to teach thofe that are wifer than themfelves* 
+it is proverbially faid, d That Soto teaches Minerva . And 
+from this Name of Minerva comes Minerval , or Mi- 
+nervale c , fignifying the Salary that is given by the 
+Sch'olars to their Mafters. 
+
+The Greeks call her Athena % becaufe fhe never fucked 
+the Breaft of her Mother or Nurfe f ; for file was born 
+out of her Father’s Head, in full Strength* and was 
+therefore called Motherlefs g . Plato thinks fhe had this 
+Name from her Skill h in divine Affairs. Others think 
+fhe was fo named, 1 becaufe fhe is never enflaved, but 
+enjoys the moft perfect Liberty: And indeed Wifdom 
+and Philofophy give their Votaries the moft perfect 
+
+a Quod, minuit vel minuitur. Cic. de Nat. Deor. b Vel 
+K minis, quod vim minetur, Cornif. ap Gyr. c Vel a mo- 
+nendo, Fcftus. d Sus Minervam, avq'Afa Cic. 9. E- 
+pift. l8. c Greece cKfrcty.'rgov . j Ab cl non& 
+
+mammam fugere. dpnr&pt l e. matre ca- 
+
+rens, Pollux, Phurnilt. h fiqua Ssoyvw, vel *kSi» >ov) T 
+
+hoc eft, qua3 divina cognofcit. Plato in Cratylo. 1 Ab d 
+non Sc fervire. 
+
+Free* 
+
+% 
+
+
+H 2 
+
+
+IOO 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens « 
+
+Freedom, as the Stoic ks well obferve, who fay, a The 
+Philofopher or Wife-man is the only Free-man. 
+
+She is called Pallas , from a Giant of the fame Name, 
+which file flew; or from the Lake Pallas , where fhc 
+was firft feen by Men; or, laftly, which is more pro¬ 
+bable b , from brandifhing her Spear in War. 
+
+She had many other Names, which I might now re¬ 
+count to you ; but becaufe a great many of them are 
+infignificant and ufelefs, I will only fpeak of two or 
+three, after I have firft difcourfed of the Palladium. 
+
+The Palladiu?n was an Image of Pallas , preferved in 
+the Caftle of the City of Troy : For, while the Caftlc 
+and Temple of Minerva were building, they fay, this 
+linage fell from Heaven into the Temple, before it 
+was covered with a Roof. This raifed every body’s 
+Admiration ; and when the Oracle of Jpollo was con- 
+fulted, he anfwered,. That the City fhould be fafe fo 
+long as that Image remained within it. Therefore, 
+when the Grecians befieged 7 roy 9 they found c 'that it 
+was impoftible to take the City, unlefs the Palladium 
+was taken out of it. This Bufinefs was left to UlyJJes 
+and Dtomedes , who undertook to creep into the City 
+through the Common Sewers, and bring away this fa¬ 
+tal Image. When they had performed this, Troy was 
+taken without any Difficulty. <l Some fay it was not 
+lawful for any Perfon to remove that Palladium* or even 
+to look upon it. Others add, that it was made ofWood, 
+fo that it was a Wonder how it could move the Eyes 
+and {hake the Spear. Others, on the contrary, repoit, 
+that it was made of the Bones of Pclops , and fold to 
+the Trojans by the Scythians: They add, that Mtuai 
+recovered it, after it had been taken by the Greet, 
+
+from Diomedes , and carried it with him into c lta!)\ 
+
+% 
+
+1 
+
+* % 
+
+. a Liber nemo eft nifi fapiens; Tullius in- Paradox b Ax) 
+tS TsctKszw to oogU) a vibranda hafta, Servius in i. JEneid. 
+c Ovid. 5. F.aft. d Herodian. 1 t. Plat„in Paral* Serv. in 
+
+3 iEn,- Clem, in Protrep. Dion. Hal. 1 Antiq. 
+
+where 
+
+
+♦ 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . I o x 
+
+where it is laid up in the Temple of Vefta , as a Pledge 
+of the Stability of the Roman Empire, as it had beea 
+before a Token of the Security of "Troy . And laflly, 
+others write, that there were two Palladiums , one of 
+which Diomedes took, and another JE?ieas carried with 
+
+him. 
+
+Parthenos , i. e. Virgin , was another of Mhierva § 
+Names from whence a the Temple at Athens , where 
+/lie was moft religioufly worshipped, was called Par¬ 
+thenon: For Minerva, like Vejla and Diana , was a 
+perpetual Virgin, and fuch a Lover of Chaflity, thatfhe 
+deprived Tirefias of his Sight, becaufe he faw her bath¬ 
+ing in the Fountain of Helicon: b But Tirejias* s Mo¬ 
+ther, by her humble Petitions, obtained, that, fince 
+her Son bad loft the Eyes of his Body, the Sight of 
+his Mind might be brighter and clearer, by having 
+the Gift of Prophecy. 
+
+c Ovid , indeed, aftigns another Caufe of his Blind,- 
+nefs, to wit, when ‘ Jupiter and Juno , in a merry Dis¬ 
+pute, made him Judge ; becaufe, when he killed a She- 
+Serpent, he had been turned into Woman, and, after 
+feven Years, when he killed a He-Serpent, he was a- 
+gain turned into a Man, he pronounced for Jupiter ; 
+wherefore Juno deprived him of his Sight. 
+
+There is another illuftrious Inftance of the Chaflity 
+of Minerva 3 d when Neptune had -enjoyed the beauti¬ 
+ful Medufa (whofe Hair was Gold) in her Temple, 
+fhe changed into Snakes that Hair which had tempted 
+him 5 .and caufed that thofe, that looked upon her 
+thereafter, fhould be turned into Stones. 
+
+Her Name Pritonia was taken from the Lake 0 Triton* 
+where fhe was educated ; as we alfo may learn from 
+f Lucan, who mentions the Love which Pallas bears to 
+
+
+3 Homer in Hymn, ad Venerem. b Homer. I. io« 
+
+OdyfT. c Lib. Metam. d Nat^Com. L 7. c. 1 8? 
+c Paufan. in Bocot. 1. 9. 
+f Heme & Pallas am at, pairio quod <vertice nata 
+b err arum primam Lybien (nam proximo, ccclo 
+
+H 3 this 
+
+
+
+102 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+this Lake; or from or Tfthtv, [Triton] a Word 
+
+which in the old Boeotian and yEolick Language, figni- 
+fies a Head, becaufe fee was born from Jupiter's Head. 
+Yet before rye leaye the Lake Triton , let me tell you 
+the Ceremonies that were performed upon the Banks 
+of it in Honour of Minerva: a A great Concourfe of 
+People out of all neighbouring Towns affembled to fee 
+the following Performance: All the Virgins came in 
+feveral Companies, armed with Clubs and Stones, and, 
+a Sign being given, they affaulted each other; file, 
+who was firft killed,'was not efteemed a Virgin, and 
+therefore her Body was difgraceffely thrown into the 
+Lake; but fee who receiyed the mod and the deep- 
+eft Wounds, and did not give over, was carrried Home 
+In Triumph in a Chariot, in the Midft of the Accla¬ 
+mations and Praifes of the whole Company. 
+
+■ ’Zcyciru, b [Ergaiis] Operaria Workwoman , was her 
+
+Name among the Samians, her Worfeippers ; becaufe 
+fee invented divers Arts, efpecially the Art of Spi 
+ning, as we learn from the c Poets; thus [1 the Dif- 
+taff is afcribed to her, and fometimes is called e Miner- 
+fa, from her Name, becaufe fee vyas the Inventrefs of 
+
+' - a l 71 /T' /*_ ool 1 oil Vim-o 
+
+
+in 
+
+
+it. 
+
+
+Minerva 
+
+
+
+Ut frobat ipfe color) tetigit, Jlagr.ique quiet a 
+Vultus vidit aqua, pofdtque in niargine plant as. 
+
+Ft fe dcledid, Tritonida dixit, ab undo. 
+
+This Pallas loves, born of the Brain of Jove, 
+
+Who firft on Lybia trod ; (the Heat doth prove ^ 
+
+This Land next Heav’n) fee, ftanding by the oicie. 
+Her Face within the quiet Water fpy’d, 
+
+And crave herfelf from the lov’d Pool a Name. 
+
+» Tritonia —— Herodot. in Melp. 
+
+b Ex Hefych. Ifidor. 1 . io. c Ovid. 6. Metam. 
+
+Virgil. 7. dineid. Theocrit. Eclog. 34. 
+
+" 1 * Non ilia colo calatbifque Minerva; ■ 
+
+Feemineas afflict a mantis. Ovid. M ; 
+
+To Palias' Arts her Hands were never train d. 
+c Cut tolerare colo vitavi tenuique Minerva. . Vxrg. /iin» 
+
+By th 5 Spinfters’ Trade fhe gets her Livelihood. 
+
+
+c_iL 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 103 
+
+in Spinning; yet Aracbne, a young Lady of Lydia , very 
+:&ilful at Spinning, challenged her in this Art, tho’ it 
+proved her Ruin ; for the Goddefs tore her Work, and 
+■hruck her Forehead with a a Spoke of the Wheel, This 
+Di(grace drove her into Defpair, fo that fhe hanged her- 
+felf; wherefore Pallas , out of Companion, brought her 
+aaain to .Life, and turned her into a Spider, b which con¬ 
+tinues Fill employed in Spinning. The Art of Build- 
+.fne, efpecially of Caftles, was Minerva's Invention ; and 
+therefore fhe was believed to prefide over them. 
+
+She is called Muftca ; becaufe, fays Pliny , c the Dra¬ 
+gons or Serpents in her Shield, which, inftead of Hair, 
+er.compafled the Gorgon's Head, did ring, and refound, 
+if the Strings of an Harp or Cittern near them were 
+touched. But it is more likely that fhe was fo named, 
+becaufe fhe invented the Pipe-, upon .which, when fhe 
+played by the River-fide, and faw in. the Water how 
+.much her Face was fwelled and deformed by blowing 
+it, file was moved with Indignation, and threw it afide, 
+faying, d The. Sweetnefs of the Mufick is too dear , if pur- 
+chafed with fo much Lofs . 
+
+
+a- Frontem percj'Jfit Arachnes „• 
+
+Non tulit infislix, laquecque ci7ii7?iofa ligavit 
+. Gut t ura, pen dent c??i Pallas ?niferata lev aw zt . 
+
+.. Atque , it a, Fi'ue quideni , pe7ide ta?nc7i , improba , dixit . 
+
+Arachne thrice upon the Forehead fmote; 
+
+Whofegreat Heart brooks it not: About her Throat 
+
+A Rope fhe ties ; remorfeful Pallas fluid 
+
+.Her falling Weight; Live, Wretch ; .Yet hang, fhe faicb 
+
+Ovid. Nlctam . 6. 
+
+b- ]?£ antiques cxercet Arcinca tel as. 
+
+And. now a Spider turn’d, fhe hill fpins on. Ad. it* 
+c Difta eh Mufica, quod dracones in ejusGorgone ad ic¬ 
+tus citharse tinnitu refonabant. Plm .Nat. Hifi*. I. 34. c. 8. 
+
+d - Iprocul bine , ?:on cji mihi tibia ta7iti , 
+
+XIt njidit ‘vidtus Pallas..hi anme fitos . 
+
+Away, thou art not fo much worth, fhe cry’cl. 
+
+Dear Pipe, when fhe .her Face i’ th’ Streams efpy’cL 
+
+H 4 .Glau- 
+
+
+102 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+this Lake; or from Tgflv, or rfflw, [ Triton ] a Word 
+which in the old Boeotian and /Eolick Language, figni. 
+fies a Head, becaufe (he was born from Jupiter's Head. 
+Yet, before vve leave the Lake Triton , let me tell you 
+the Ceremonies that were performed upon the Banks 
+of it in Honour of Minerva: a A great Concourfe of 
+People out of all neighbouring Towns afTembled to fee 
+the following Performance: All the Virgins came in 
+several Companies, armed with Clubs and Stones, and, 
+a Sign being given, they affaulted each other; fte, 
+who was firft killed, was not efteemed a Virgin, and 
+therefore her Body was difgracefqily thrown into the 
+Lake; but fhe who received the moft and the deep- 
+eft Wounds, and did not give over, was carrried Home 
+In Triumph in a Chariot, in the Midft of the Accla¬ 
+mations and Praifes of the whole Company. 
+
+’EeycZ tkj b [Ergaiis'] Ope) aria Workwoman , was her 
+Name among the Satnians , her Worfhippers ; becaufe 
+fhe invented divers Arts, efpecially the Art of Spin¬ 
+ning, as we learn from the c Poets; thus (1 the Lif¬ 
+toff is afcribed to her, and fometimes is called e Mincr- 
+va> from her Name, becaufe fhe was the Inventrefs of 
+It. But, although Minerva fo much excelled all others 
+
+
+Ut probat ipfe calorj t digit , flagnique quiet a 
+Vultus njzdi t aqua , pojidtque i?z margins plant as , 
+j Et fe deleftd, Tritonida dixit, ab imdd . 
+
+This Fallas loves, born of the Brain of Jove, 
+
+Who firft on Lybia trod ; (the Heat doth prove 
+This Land next Heav’n) fhe, {landing by the Side* 
+Her Face within the quiet Water fpy’d, 
+
+And gave herfelf from the lov’d Pool a Name. 
+a Tritonia — ; — Herodot. in Melp. 
+
+b Ex Hefych. Ifidor. 1 . io. c Ovid. 6. Metam. 
+
+Virgil. 7. ^Eneid. Theocrit. Eclog. 34.. , 
+
+d Non ilia colo calathifque Miner vee ■ 
+
+Fcemineas afflict a man us. Ovid. Metam. 
+
+To Fallas 7 Arts her Hands were never train’d. 
+
+9 1 ^ 
+
+e Cui tolerare colo wit eon tenuique Minerva. Virg. JEti* 8. 
+By th* Spinfters’ Trade fhe gets her Livelihood. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of .the Heathens, 
+
+
+2 °3 
+
+; n Spinning; yet Arachne , a young Lady of Lydia , very 
+jjkilful at Spinning, challenged her in this Art, tho ? it 
+proved her Ruin ; for the Goddefs tore her Work, and 
+.ftruck her Forehead with a a Spoke of the Wheel. This 
+Pifgrace drove her into Defpair, fo that file hanged her- 
+felf; wherefore Pallas , out of Companion, brought her 
+again to .Life, and turned her into a Spider, b which con¬ 
+tinues ftill employed in Spinning. The Art of Build- 
+.ine, efpecially ofCaftles, was Minerva's Invention ; and 
+therefore fhe was believed to prefide over them. 
+
+She is called Mnfica ; becaufe, fays Pliny , c the Dra¬ 
+gons or Serpents in her Shield, which, inftead of Hair, 
+encompafled the Gorgon's Head, did ring, and refound, 
+if the Strings of an Harp or Cittern near them were 
+touched. But it is more likely that fhe was fo named, 
+becaufe fhe invented the Pipe:, upon which, when fhe 
+played by the River-fide, and fawin. the Water how 
+.much her Face was {welled and deformed by blowing 
+it, file was moved with Indignation, and threw it afide, 
+.faying, d The .Sweetnefs of the Mufick is too dear, if pur- 
+chafed with fo much Lofs. 
+
+---— . ...... . . . > M I - ■ - ■■■ 
+
+a -- Fronte??i pei'cj/jfit Aracbnes : 
+
+Non tulit inf Mix , laqueoque cinimofa ligavit 
+Guttura , pendentem Pallas miferata leva^it . 
+
+.At que, it a, Pme quidem , pends tamcn > improba? dixit . 
+Arachne thrice upon the Forehead fmote ; 
+
+Whole great Heart brooks it not: About her Throat 
+A Rope fhe ties ; remorfeful Pallas ftaid 
+- Her falling Weight; Live, Wretch ; Yet hang, fhe faido 
+
+O.'vid. Met am. 6 . 
+
+b - Et antiques exercet Aranca tel as. 
+
+And. now a Spider turn’d, fhe hill fpins on. ,Id. it, 
+c Di£la eft Mufica, quod dracones in ejusGorgone ad ic¬ 
+tus citharas tinnitu refonabant. Plin Mat. HifiA. 34. c. S. 
+
+d - Iprocid bine, non eft mibi tibia tanti , 
+
+JJt njidit niultus Pa Has..in a nm e fuos. 
+
+Away, thou art not fo much worth, fhe cry’d. 
+
+Dear Pipe., when fhe her Face i 5 th’ Streams efpy’d. 
+
+H 4 . Glau- 
+
+
+104 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+a Glaucopi's was another of her Names; becaufeh^r 
+Eyes, like the Eyes of an Owl, were grey or fk}‘-co¬ 
+loured, that is, of a green Colour mixed with white, 
+Others think that fhe was not called fo from the Co¬ 
+lour of her Eyes, but from the Terror and Formidable- 
+nefs of her Mien ; for which Reafons Lions and Dra¬ 
+gons are alfo called Glaucii and Cafii. 
+
+She was alfo called Pylotis , frpm a b Greek Word, 
+Signifying a Gate : For, as the Image of Mars was fefc 
+tip in the Suburbs, fo her Effigies or Pidlure was placed 
+on the City-Gates, or Doors of Houfes ; whereby they 
+fignified, that we ought to ufe our Weapons Abroad, 
+to keep the Enemy from entering our Towns : but in 
+the Town we muft ufe the Affiftance of Minerva , not 
+of Mars; that is, the State ought to be governed at 
+Home by Prudence, Counfel, and Law, - 
+
+- ■III MlWI l T*^r—^ ..... i ■■ ■■m ■ mr M ill « i ■ i i n 
+
+4 * 4 » 
+
+• • • * # # 
+
+a Thccvxx 7r*?>habens oculos glaucos Sc csefios, quales habet 
+y?&v£ 9 no£tua; Paufan. in Attic. An to nrr,<j c vvto;, a porta, 
+Phurnut. ^Efchyl. in Eumenid. ‘ 
+
+
+SECT. IV, ' The Signification of the Fable . 
+.Pallas the Symbol of Wifdom and Chaflity. 
+
+
+B Y this Story of Minerva ? the Poets intended to 
+
+reprefent Wifdom ; that is, true and fkilful ICnow- 
+Iec] e, joined with difereet and prudent Manners. They 
+
+• / ' * • • • , * * 4 
+
+hereby fignified alfo the Underftanding of the nobleft 
+Arts, and the Accompli (laments of the Mind ; the Vir¬ 
+tues, and efpecially Chaflity. Nor, indeed, without 
+Reafon ; for, 
+
+I. Minerva is faid to be born put of Jupiter's 
+Brain;' becaufe the Wit and Ingenuity of Man did 
+not invent the ufeful Sciences, which for the Good of 
+
+
+X ^ 
+
+
+c Cic. i. Ofnc. 
+
+« . * 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens - 105 
+
+Man were derived from the Brain of Jupiter ; that is, 
+from the inexhaufted Fountain of the Divine Wifdom, 
+from whence not only the Arts and Sciences, but the 
+Bleffings of Wifdom and Virtue aifo proceed. 
+
+2. Pallas was born armed ; a becaufe a wife Man’s 
+Soul, being fortified with Wifdom and Virtue, is in¬ 
+vincible : He’s prepared and armed againft Fortune; 
+in Dangers he’s intrepid, in CrofTes unbroken, in Ca¬ 
+lamities impregnable. Thus b though the Image of Jupi¬ 
+ter fweats in fold JV'eather 5 yet as Jupiter bimfetf is dry 
+and unconcerned with it, fo a wife Maris Mind is har¬ 
+dened againjf all the AJJaults that Fortune can make upon his 
+Body . 
+
+3. Minerva is a Virgin , c as all the Mufes are, and 
+accordingly the Sight of GOD is promifed to pure and 
+undefiled Eyes; for, even the Heathens thought that 
+chafteEyes could fee GOD ; and Wifdom and Mo- 
+defty has often appeared in the Vifions of holy Men, in 
+the Form and Habit of Virgins. 
+
+4. Minerva has a fevere Look, and a flern Counte¬ 
+nance 5 becaufe a wife and mod eft Mind gains not its 
+Reputation and Efteem from outward Beauty and Fi¬ 
+nery, but from inward Honour and Virtue ; for Wif¬ 
+dom joined with Modefiy, though cloathed with Rags, 
+yet fends forth a glorious fhining Luftre ; {he has as 
+much Beauty in tattered Garments, as when (he is 
+cloathed with Purple, and as much Majefty when file 
+fits on a Dunghill, as when fhe is placed on a Throne ; 
+{he is as beautiful and charming when joined to the In¬ 
+firmities and Decays of Old-age, as when {he is united 
+to the Vigour and Comelinefs of Youth. 
+
+
+a Cicero in Paradoxis. b Quemadmodum enmm non 
+colliquefcit Jupiter dam fimulacrum ejus liquefit; fic fapi- 
+entis animus ad quoflibet adverfse fortune cafus obdurefcit. 
+Seneca. c Greg, NyfT. de Virg. initio capitum 4 & 5 Serv. 
+
+in iEneido " * ..... 
+
+5* She 
+
+
+
+i o6 Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+5. She invented and exercifed the Art of Spinning - : 
+From hence other Virgins, if they would preferve their 
+Chaftity, may learn never to indulge Idlenefs, but to 
+employ themfelves continually in fome Sort of Work: 
+After the Example of a Lucretia , a noble Roman Prin- 
+cefs, who was fo.und late at Night fpinningamongft her 
+
+.Maids, working, and fitting in the Middle of the 
+Room, when the young Gentlemen came thither from 
+the King. 
+
+6. As the Sp'radle and the Dijlaff were the Invention 
+of Minerva , fo they are the Arms of every virtuous 
+Woman : When fhe is furnifhed with thefe, fhe will 
+defpife the Enemy of her Honour, and drive away Cupid 
+from her with the greateft Eafe; b for which Realbn 
+thofe Instruments were formerly carried before the 
+Bride when fhe was brought to her Hufband’s Houfe; 
+and fome where it is a Cuftom, at the Funeral of Wo¬ 
+men, to throw the Diftaff and Spindle into the Grave 
+with them. 
+
+7. As foon at Tirefias had feen Minerva naked, he 
+loft his Sight : Was it for a Punifhment, or for a Re¬ 
+ward : Surely he never faw Things fo acutely before; 
+for then he became a Prophet, and knew future Things 
+Jong before they were added. Which is an excellent 
+Precept to us. That he who had once beheld the 
+Beauty of true Wifdom^clearly, nay, without repin¬ 
+ing, lofe his bodily Sight, and want the View of cor¬ 
+poral Things, fince he beholds the Things that are to 
+.come, and enjoys the Contemplation of eternal heavenly 
+Things, which are not vifible to the Eye. 
+
+8. Art Oivl) a Bird feeing in the Dark, was facred 
+to Minerva , and painted upon her Images, which is the 
+Reprefentation of a wife Man, who, fcattering ami 
+difpelling the Clouds of Ignorance and Error, is clear- 
+fighted, where others are ftark blind. 
+
+* 
+
+h Bell of. lib. ult, c. 13, 
+
+g. What 
+
+
+a Livy, 1 . 1. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. ioy 
+
+g. What can the Palladium, mean, an Image which 
+gave Security tothofe Cities in which it was placed, un« 
+lefsthat thofe Kingdoms flourifhand profper where JVif- 
+presides ? It is fuppofed to have fallen down from 
+Heaven, that we may underfiand (what we find confirm¬ 
+ed by the Scriptue; a That every good and perfect Gift 
+comes from above , and, defendsfrom the Father of Lights* 
+
+To this I add the Inscription which was heretofore to 
+be feen in the Temple of Minerva , written in golden 
+Letters, amongft the Egyptians j b / am what is 7 what 
+fall be* what hath been ; my Veil hath been unveiled by 
+none: The Fruit which I have broughtforth is this , the Sun 
+is born . Which are Words, as i think, full of Myfte - 
+ries, and contain a great deal of Senfe: Let every one 
+interpret them according to his Mind. 
+
+a Epifl. Jac. i. 17. b Ego fum qua? funt, quae erunt, 
+quse fufer’unt: Velum meum revelavit nemo. Quern ego 
+fru&um peperi, Sol ell natus. Vide Lil. Gyrald. Synt. 12. 
+
+♦ 0 
+
+■ 1 r — —m ■ - ■ ■ ■ 
+
+r • 
+
+CHAP. XII. 
+
+SECT. I. Venus, her Image . 
+
+M, URN your Eyes now to a fweet Objedl, and 
+JL view that Goddefs^ in whofe Countenance all 
+Graces fit and play, and difcover all their Charms. 
+You fee a Pleafantnefs, a Mirth, a Joy in every Part 
+of her Face: You fee a thoufand pretty Beauties and 
+Delights fporting wantonly in her fiiowy Bofom. Ob- 
+ferve with what a becoming Pride file holds up her 
+Head and views herfelf, where fhe finds nothing but 
+Joys and foft Delights. She is cloathed with a c purple 
+
+c Philoflrat. 1 . 2. Imag. Ovid. Metam. 15. Apul. I. 6. 
+Horat. Od. 3. Cvid 0 Metam. 10. Sappho Feet. 
+
+* Mantle, 
+
+
+2 -o 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens - 
+
+Mantle, glittering with Diamonds. By her Side fhnd 
+•two Cupids , and round her are the three Graces, ami 
+after follows the lovely beautiful Adonis , who holds up 
+the Goddefs’s Train. The Chariot, in which fhe rides, 
+is made of Ivory, finely carved, and beautifully painted 
+and gilt, and is drawn by Swans and Doves, or Swal¬ 
+lows, as Venus diredts, when She pleafesto ride in it. 
+
+P. Is that Venus , the Goddefs of Love , the Patronefs 
+of Strumpets, the vile Promoter of Impudence and Luft, 
+infamous for fo many Whoredoms, Rapes, and Incefls? 
+
+Ad. Yes, that is Ve?ius , whom, in more honourable 
+Terms, Men ftile the Goddefs of the Graces , the Au¬ 
+thor of Elegance, Beauty, Neatnefs, Delight, and 
+Chearfuinefs: But in Reality Hie is, as you fay, an 
+impudent Strumpet, and the Miftrefs and Prefident of 
+Obfcenity. 
+
+P. Why then is fhe fo beautifully painted ? Why is 
+her Drefs fo glorious ? Why is not her Chariot rather 
+drawn by Swine, and Dogs, and Goats, than Swans 
+and Doves, the pureft and chafleft of Birds ? Infernal 
+and black Spirits are Attendants more fuitable to her 
+than the Graces. 
+
+Ad. What do you fay ? Blind foolrlh Men ufed for¬ 
+merly to eredb Altars, and deify their Vices ; they hal¬ 
+lowed the greateft Impieties with Frankincenfe, and 
+thought to afeend into Heaven by the Steps of their 
+Iniquities : But let us not inveigh againftthe Manners 
+of Men, but rather proceed in our Sory of Ve?ius . 
+
+You will in other Places fee her painted, fometimes 
+like a young Virgin rifing from the Sea, and riding in 
+a Shell; again, like a Woman holding the Shell in her 
+Hand, her Head being crowned with Rofes. a Sometimes 
+her Pidfurehas a Silver Looking-glafs in its Hand, and 
+on its Feet are golden Sandals and Buckles. In the 
+
+
+a Philoltrat. in Imagin* Paufan. in Corinth. 
+
+Pictures 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens ; 109 
+
+Figures of the Sicyonlans , fhe holds Poppy in one Handy 
+and an Apple in the other. They confecrated to her the 
+Thighs of all Sacrifices except Swine ; for Venus ^ altho’ 
+fhe herfelf be filthy and unclean, abominates Swine for 
+their Uncleannefs ; or rather, becaufe a Boar killed A- 
+donis her Gallant. a At Elis flie was painted treading 
+on a Tortoife, {hewing, thereby, that Virgins ought 
+not to ramble abroad and that married Women ought 
+to keep Silence, and love their own Home, and govern 
+their Family. She wore a Girdle or Belt, called Cef- 
+ius (from which fome derive Inceflus , Inc eft) in which all 
+Kinds of Pleafures, Delights, and Gratifications were 
+folded up. b Some gave her Arrows, and make Python 
+or Suada , the Goddefs of Eloquence , her Companion. 
+
+3 Pint, in prase, connub. & lib. de Ifid. & Oiir. b Horn*. 
+Iliad. |. Eurip. in Medea. Ex Phurn. 
+
+
+SECT. II. 
+
+
+The Defcent of Venus. 
+
+
+W E learn from feveral Authors, c that there were 
+
+four Venus's born of different Parents ; but this 
+Venus t of whom we fpeak, was the eminenteft of them, 
+and had the Beauties as well as the Blemifhes of the other 
+commonly aferibed to her. d She fprang from the Froth 
+of the Sea, which Froth was made, when they cut off the 
+Secrets of Ccelus or his Son Saturn , and threw them in¬ 
+to the Sea. c Hence fhe was by the Greeks called Aphro¬ 
+dites though others think fhe was fo named from the 
+Madnefs with which Lovers abound. f As foon as fhe 
+was born, fhe was laid, like a Pearl, in a Shell inffead 
+ofa Cradle, and was driven by Zephyr ns upon the Ifland 
+Cyprus , where the Hours \_[iorcc\ received her, and 
+took her into their Bofoms, educated, accomplifhed, and 
+
+
+c Cic. de Nat. Deor. d Hefiod. in Tbccgon. c Ex*App l; 
+fpuma; vcl, ut alii dicunt. 9 Atto dcppctlvuv, infanire. Ex 
+Euripid. & Phurnut. f Homer* in Hymn, ad Venerem. 
+
+adorned 
+
+
+f i o Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+adorned her, and, when {he came to Age, carried her 
+into Heaven, and prefented her to the Gods, who, 
+being taken with her Beauty, all defired to marry her; 
+but at laft fhe was betrothed to Vulcan> and afterwards 
+married to him* 
+
+
+SECT. III. Names of Venus; 
+
+
+S HE is called Venus, fays Tully ; a becaufe all Things 
+are fubje£t to the Laws of Love, or are produced 
+and begotten by Love : Or elfe, as b others fay, her 
+Name is given her, becaufe fhe is eminently beautiful; 
+for fhe is the Goddefs of Beauty : Or, laftly, fhe is fo 
+called, becaufe fhe c was a Stranger or Foreigner to the 
+Romans : For, fire was firft worfhipped by the Egyptians i 
+and from the Egyptians fhe was tranflated to the Greeks , 
+and from thence to the Romans. Let us now proceed 
+to her other Names. 
+
+A?nica , 'Eraipa, [Netazra] was a Name given her by 
+the Athenians ; fl becaufe file joins Lovers together : And 
+this Greek Word is ufed both in a good and bad Signifi¬ 
+cation, fignifying both a Sweetheart and a Strumpet, 
+Armata ; becaufe c when the Spartan Women Talli¬ 
+ed out of their Towns, befieged by the Meffenians^ and 
+beat them, their Hufbands, who were ignorant of it, 
+went out to fight, and met their Wives returning from 
+the Purfuit: The Men, believing them Enemies, made 
+themfelves ready to fight; but the Women fhewed, 
+both by Words and by Deeds, that they were their 
+
+
+a A venicndo, quod ad omnes res veniat, vel quod per 
+earn omnia proveniant ac progignantur. b Venus quafive- 
+nufta, Paufan. in Attic. c Venus a veniendo, quafi adven¬ 
+titia, fic Grascorum Doftrina adventitia & tranfmarina voca- 
+batur. Cic. Ofhc. I. i. (l ’Era* pa,, id eft.', focia, quod amicos 
+5 c arnicas jungeret. Feilus ex Apol. & Hefych. 
+e Paufan. in Lucan. & in Attic. 
+
+3 
+
+
+W ivesj 
+
+
+II2- 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+Wives, (Modefty forbids a plainer Explanation ■) and 
+for this Reafon a Temple was dedicated to Venus Armata * 
+
+The Sidoniam called her a Aft arte ^ or Dea Syria (which 
+Goddefs, others think, was the Moon) and worshipped 
+her in the Figure of a Star . 
+
+Apaiuria , that is, b the Deceiver % for neither is any 
+Thing more deceitful than a Lover, nor any Thing 
+more fraudulent than Love, which flatters our Eyes> 
+and pleafes us, like Rofes in their fineft Colours, but 
+leaves a Thorn in the Heart y it torments the Mind, 
+and wounds the Confcience. 
+
+She was called by the Rotnans c Barb at ay becaufe^. 
+when the Roman Women were fo troubled with a vio- 
+
+4 
+
+lent Itching that all their Hair fell off, they prayed to 
+Venus , and their Hair grew again: Whereupon they 
+made an Image of Venus with a Comb, and gave it a 
+Beard, that fhe might have the Signs of both Sexes, 
+and be thought to prefide over the Generation of both. 
+That this might be exprefled more plainly, the upper- 
+moft Part of the Image reprefented a Man, and the 
+lower Part of it a Woman. 
+
+Cypris , Cypria , and Cyprogenia , becaufe fhe was wor¬ 
+shipped in the Ifland of Cyprus . Cytheris and Cytherea 
+from the Ifland of d Cythera , whither fhe was firfl: car¬ 
+ried in a Sea-fhell. 
+
+There was a Temple at Rome dedicated to Venus 
+Calva y G becaufe when the Gauls pofleffed that City, 
+Ropes for the Engines were made with the Women’s 
+Mai r. 
+
+Clna cm a , from f Cluo , an old'Word, tofighty becaufe 
+f herlmage was fet up in the Place, in which the Peace 
+was concluded betwixt the Romans and Sabines. 
+
+Erycina , from the Mountain £ Eryx in the Ifland of 
+
+f 
+
+* 
+
+H 
+
+a Epiph, contra Hreref. Eufeb. i . de Praep. Evang. b Ab 
+i 'AwccTciv fa’Io. Lucian, de Dea Syr. Strabo. L n. c Serv. 
+f. Macrob. Suidas & alii. d Feftus. c La£iant..lib. i. Divin. 
+f. Inditut. f Vegetius de Re militari. £ Plin. L 15. Polyb. 
+
+i ; f 1. Serv. i. A£n. 
+
+»■ 
+
+1: 
+
+I* 
+
+
+Sicily 1 
+
+
+
+II2 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+Sicily, upon which /Eneas built a fplendid and famous 
+Temple to her Honour, becaufe (he was his Mother, 
+a Horace makes mention of her under this Name. 
+
+b She is properly called Ridens , and Ho 7 ner calls her c a 
+Lover of Laughing ; for, fhe is faid d to be born laughings 
+and from thence called the Goddefs of Mirth . 
+
+Hortenjis ; becaufe file looks after the Produ&ion of 
+Seeds and Plants in Gardens. And Fejlus tells us, that 
+the Word Venus is by Neevius put for Herbs , as Ceres is 
+for Bread , and Ncptunits for Fijh. 
+
+e Idalia and Acidalia , from the Mountain Idatns , in 
+the Ifland Cyprus , and the Fountain Acidalius in Bceo - 
+//#. - 
+
+Marina ; becaufe fhe was born of the (as we 
+faid) and begotten of the Froth of the Waters; which 
+f Aufonius hath elegantly mentioned in his Poem. 
+
+From thence file is called s Apbroditis2in& Auadyomene , 
+that is, emerging out of the Waters, as Apelles painted 
+her 5 and Pontia , from Pont us. Hence came the Cuf- 
+tom, that thofe who had efcaped any Danger by Wa¬ 
+ter, ufed to facrifice to Venus . Hence alfo the Mariners 
+obferved thofe Solemnities called Aphrodijia , which Plu¬ 
+tarch deferibes in aTreatife again Qc Epicurus. 
+
+Melanis , or Mclanis , h that is, dark and concealed: 
+
+Of which Nature are all Nodturnal Amours, both law- 
+
+• • • • 
+
+a Si-ve tit mavis, Erycina ritfens, 
+
+Qgtam jocus circumvolal iff Cap Ido, 
+
+Jt you, blithe Goddefs, will our Side defend. 
+
+Whom Mirth and brifk Defire do fill attend. Her. 1 . i , 0 d, 
+
+b Suida*? Phurnut. i. e. amans rifus, Horn.* 
+
+Iliad. 20. 
+
+d Hefiod. e Virg. \. JEn. & Scrv. Horatius fape.- 
+
+f Orta Jalo , fitfeepta Join , patre edit a Ccelo . 
+
+Heaven gave her Life, the Sea a Cradle gave,- 
+And Earth’s wide Regions her with Joy receive. 
+
+3 Plin. 35. e. io. Alex. ab. Alex. 2. Clitipho Sc Leucippe.* 
+b Nigra & tenebrola, a fizKac, i. e. niger, quod omne amo- 
+ris opus am at tenebras. Paufan. in Arcad. 
+
+ful 
+
+
+* 
+
+Of the Gods of th 
+
+
+it? 
+
+
+€ 
+
+fol and unlawful. , For a Works of Love do all of them 
+Jed the Dark . ^Vhence the Egyptians vuor/hipped a Ve¬ 
+nus, called b Scotia, a Goddefs to be admired in the Nig ht^ 
+that is, in Marriage. 
+
+Meretrix ; ‘ c becaufe fhe taught the Women, in Cy¬ 
+prus , to proftitute themfelves for Money. 
+
+d Mi gonitis fignifies her Power in the Management 
+of Love. Therefore Paris, after he had mixed Em¬ 
+braces with Helena, dedicated the firft Temple to c Ve¬ 
+nus Ml gonitis ; and f Virgil ufes a like Exprefiion fpeak- 
+ing of the Affairs of Love. 
+
+She is called Murcia in Livy and Pliny, quafi Myrtea 5 
+becaufe the Myrtle was facred to Ve?ius - 9 and her Tem¬ 
+ple, upon the Aventine Mountain at Rome, was ancient-* 
+iy called Marcus. 
+
+Papbia, from the City Paphos in the Xfland of Cy¬ 
+prus, where they facrificed Flowers and Fran kin cenfe 
+to her. And this is mentioned by s Virgil . This. 
+
+
+3 Find. Od. 9. Pyrrh-. ex Hefyc. b E; cotbU nod vvdh $cty* 
+V-'No> Dea admirandaa no&u & tenebris. Eurip. in Hippo!. 
+
+c heel. &-Serv. d a fiyw/sA, u e. mifeeo, Paufan* in Lacon. 
+c Veneri Migonitidi. 
+
+f - quern Rheafacer do 5. 
+
+Furti<vo partu, fub luminis edidit auras 9 
+
+Mixta Deo Mu Her. w^neid. ft 
+
+- Him Prieflefs Rhea bore 
+
+Into the lightfome World; fo flol’n by Joy-, i 
+
+Mixt with a Deity, fhe brought a Boy. 
+
+3 ipfa Paphumfibhmis adit, fedefque re<uift 
+Lyta fuas, ubi templum HUcent unique Sab iso 
+
+rfi U Vd a ^ ent ar ^-> frtifque recentibus halant. 
+ftus Part perform'd, the Goddefs flies fublime. 
+
+To vifit Paphos and her native Clime, 
+
+Where Garlands, ever green and ever fair. 
+
+With Vows are offer’d, and with folemn Pray’r : 
+
+An hundred Altars in her Temple fmoke, 
+
+A Thoufand bleeding Hearts her PovvT invoke. JEn. 1. 
+
+I Image 
+
+
+i. r4 Of the Gods- of the Heathens. 
+
+' # 
+
+* " 
+
+Image had not a human Shape; but as a "Tacitus fays 5 
+It was from the Top to the Bottom of an orbicular Figure 
+a little broad beneath-, the Circumference, wasf?nall an( j : 
+jharpening toward the Top like a Sugar-loaf. The Reafin. 
+unknown . b Lucan obferves, that it was ufual to wor- 
+fhip other Gods in confufed fhapelefs Figures. 
+
+For certain the Goddefs Peffiinimtia (of whom we 
+fhall fay more when we fpeak of Cybcle) was nothing 
+but a fhapelefs Stone, which, fell down from Heaven, 
+as we find by Herodian . So c Tertullian fays, Even 
+Pallas 7 . the Athenian Goddefs , arrd Ceres, the Goddefs of 
+Corn, both of them without any certain Effigies to them, but 
+meer rugged Stakes, and fhapelefs Pieces of IVood, are Things 
+that are bought andfold . And Arnobius adds, d The Ara¬ 
+bians worjhippecl a Stone without Form, or Shape of a 
+
+Deity . 
+
+• Her Name 6 Veriicordia fignifies the Power of Love,, 
+to change Hearts, and eafe the Minds of Men from all 
+Cares that perplex.them. f Ovid, mentions this Power 
+of hers. And for the fame Reafon Venus is called in, 
+the Greek s Epijlrophia * 
+
+
+a Erat continuus orbis, latiore initio* tenuem in ambitum, 
+snetae modo exurgens ; & ratio in obfcuro.. Lib. 3°. 
+
+- ^ finula era que mczjla Deorum 
+
+Arte carent , caecffque extant in for mi a trunezs a . 
+
+All artlefs, plain, miihapen Trunks they are. 
+
+Their Mofs and Mouldinefs procures a Fear, 
+c Et Pallas Attica Sc Ceres Farrea fine effigie rudi paloy & 
+Ihformi ligno proftant. TertuL.in ApoL. d> Arabes infor- 
+xnem coluerunt lapidem. Arnob.. contra Gentes Lib,.6« 
+e Quail corda vertens. 
+
+i Templa jubet fieri Venerz,. q.uibhs ordine faftis, 
+
+Inde Venus?*verfo nomina- corde tenet*. Fafh-s 
+
+Temples are rais’d to Venus , whence the Name, 
+
+From changing Minds, of Verticordia came. 
+
+qybd vertat homines^ Paufan. Attic. 
+
+
+
+
+SEC X. IV. Actions of Ve nus, 
+
+wT 7HAT Deeds can you expe£I from an Impudent 
+and powerful Strumpet, but thofe which are full 
+of Lewdnefs, and Mifchief, and Plagues? It were end- 
+lefs only to repeat the Names of all thofe, whom fhe 
+has armed to the Ruin of one another; whom jfhe has 
+turned into Beafts, by inciting them to commit fuch 
+monftrous Wickednefs, as Modefly will not let me 
+mention. 
+
+For, who, without blufhing, can hear the Story of 
+Niftimene? who, infpired by impure Luft, and raging 
+with curfed Flames, a is faid to have committed Incefi 
+with her own Father; for which abominable Wicked- 
+nefs fhe was changed into an Owl, an ugly difmal Bird 
+of the Night, who, b confcious of her Guilt* never ap¬ 
+pears in the Day-time, but feeks to conceal her Shame* 
+and cover it by Darknefs, being driven from the So¬ 
+ciety of all Birds. 
+
+Who does not abhor the fame Fa£t of Myrrha , which 
+was contrived and committed by the Encouragement arid 
+the Affiftance of Venui ? She committed Inceft with her 
+own Father by the AfHftance of Cy?iaras , her old Nurfe ; 
+(may fuch Practices of old Women receive their juft 
+Reward) but her Sin proved her Ruin ; c for, file was 
+
+
+
+Patriwn temerajfe cubile . 
+
+To have defil’d her Father’s Bed. 
+
+
+Ovid. z. Met. 
+
+
+b Confcia cidp# 
+
+Coij'peRum, lucemque fugit ; t e71e.br ifquepudorem 
+■\ Cclat , & a cwjftis expellitur aere ioto . 
+
+Still confcious of her Shame avoids the Light; 
+
+And drives to fhroud her guilty Head in Night, 
+
+? Expell’d the winged Choir. 
+
+?; c Qs# quanquam amijit <vetcres cu?h cor pore fenfus s 
+| & tepid# i?ia7iant ex arbore gutt#, 
+
+| *1 ho’ Senfe with Shape (he loft, dill weeping (he 
+l Sheds bitter Tears, which trickle from her Tree* 
+
+
+
+Ovid, Met, xo, 
+
+turned 
+
+
+1x6 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+fumed into a Tree., which always, as it were, bewails 
+its Impurity, and fends forth Drops like Tears. j 
+Why fhould 1 mention the Propcetides , the Chiefs of j 
+Strumpets, who denied that Venus was a Goddefs? \ 
+They were the firft Proftitutes $ and a were afterwards 1 
+turned into Stones* \ 
+
+Why fhould I fet before you Pygmalion*, a Statuary! \ 
+who, confidering the great Inconvenrencies of Marri- ! 
+age* had refolved to live fingle $ but, afterwards making . s 
+a molt elegant and artificial Image of Venus , he fell fo I 
+much in Love with his own Workmanfhip, that he \ 
+begged of Venus to turn it into a Woman, and in- j 
+/liven the Ivory. His Wifhes were granted, and he be- S 
+got of this Image Paphos y from whom the b Ifland Pa¬ 
+phos. had its Name 
+
+• And. here it will not be abfnrd briefly to relate the 
+Stories- of Pyramus and Thijbe y Atalanta and' Htppomew^ 
+Paris and Helena , three Couple of moft unfortunate 
+Lovers. 
+
+Pyramus and Thi/be were both Inhabitants of the City 
+of Babylo?i ; equal in Beauty, Age, Conditions, and For¬ 
+tune.. They began to love each other from their Cradles, 
+Their Houfes were contiguous, fo that their Lovearofe 
+from their Neighbourhood, grew greater by their mu¬ 
+tual Play, and was perfected by their lingular Beauty. 
+This Love increafed with their Years, and when they 
+were marriageable, they begged their Parents Confent; 
+which was refuted-, becaufe of fome former Quarrels be- 
+
+a —pro quo fua Numinrs ird 
+Corpora , cum forma , primum njulgaffk feruntur ; 
+
+Utque puddr cefit, Sanguifque indwruit oris. 
+
+In rigidwn parvo flicevi difcrbnine ever/#. 
+
+The firft that ever gave themfelves, for Hire, 
+
+To ProfHtution, urg’d by Venus ’ Ire j 
+The Looks imbolden’d, Modefly now gone. 
+
+Convert at length to little differing Stone, 
+b -- q U0 tenet hj'ula nomen. 
+
+From whom the Ifland does its Name receive. 
+
+
+Id. ihtl 
+Id. Ilid. 
+
+
+- 4 * 
+
+Ofthe Gods of the Heathe 7 is. i iy 
+
+" ft 
+
+tvveen the two Families. And, that the Children might 
+not attempt any thing againft their Parents Will, they 
+were no-t permitted to fee each other, or to fpeak toge¬ 
+ther. What could Pyramus do ? Or how could Thijbe 
+hear this?. There was a Partition-Wall between both 
+Houfes, in which Wall there was a fmall Chink, never 
+difcovered by any of the Servants. This Crevice a the 
+Lovers found, and met here. . Their Words and their 
+Sighs went through, butKifles could not pafs^ which, 
+when they parted,* they b printed on each Side.of- the 
+Wail* But what a fatal Rapture in their .Hearts did 
+this fmall Preach in the Wallproduce? for their Love 
+was too great to be confined to fuch narrow Bounds : 
+The next Night therefore they refol ved to enjoy that Li¬ 
+berty abroad, which they could not receive at home, by 
+rfcaping into a neighbouring Wood, where they agreed 
+to meet under the Shade of a large Mulberry-Tree, 
+which flood .dole .to a Fountain. 'When Night came 
+on, Th'ijbe deceives her Sleepers, and efcapes firfr, and 
+flies into the Wood •, for Love gave her vV ings. When 
+fee came to the appointed Place, e aLionefs came frefh 
+
+
+a Quid non fen? it aw or if 
+
+*-111 am pritni ‘vidijlis, am antes, 
+
+Kt ajocis fecijlis iter • tuteeque per illud 
+Mur mure blanditiat minisno tranjirc foie bant * 
+
+This for fo many Ages undefcry ? d, 
+
+(Whatcannot Love find out?) the Lovers fpy ? d. 
+
+By which their whifp’ring Voices fbftly trade. 
+
+And Paftion’sain’rous Ambafiies convey’d.. Ovid. Met. 
+
+-- b partique dedere . 
+
+Qfcula quifque fun non per-venientia contra, 
+
+—-Their Kiiles greet ' 
+
+The fenfelefs Stones with Lips that cannot meet. 
+c ~———* njenit ecce recenti - • * 
+
+4 
+
+Cmde Lessna bourn.fpuniantes obliia rift us, , 
+
+Dcpo/itura ftim <uicini font is in tin da, 
+
+When lo a Lionefs, with Blood-helmear'd;,. . 
+Approaching to .the well-known Spring appear'd. 
+
+1 3 
+
+
+from 
+
+
+ix6 Of the Gads of the Heathens« 1 
+
+turned into a Tree, which always, as it were, bewaiis | 
+its Impurity, and fends forth Drops like Tears. | 
+
+Why fhould I mention the Prop at ides , the Chiefs of I 
+Strumpets, who denied that Venus was a Goddefs? 1 
+They were the firft Proftitutes; and * were afterwards I 
+
+turned into Stones. . 1 
+
+Why fhould I fet before you Pygmalion , a Statuary! 1 
+who, confidering the great Inconveniencies ofMarri- I 
+age* had refblved to live Angle ; but, afterwards making | 
+a moft: elegant and artificial Image of Vmus^ he fell fo 1 
+much in Love with his own Workmanfhip, that he f 
+begged of Venus to turn it into a Woman, and in- | 
+/liven the Ivory. His Wifhes were granted, and he be- ] 
+got of this Image Paphos , from whom the b Ifland iV \ 
+
+phos- had its Name I 
+
+And. here it will not be abfurd briefly to relate the 
+Stories-of Pyrajnus and Thijbe , Atalanta and' Hippomcm^ : 
+Paris and Helena , three Couple of moft unfortunate ; 
+
+Lovers. \ 
+
+Py 'rainns and Thijbe were both Inhabitants of the City j 
+of Babylo?i 5 equal in Beauty, Age, Conditions, and For- j 
+
+tune. They began to love each other from their Cradles, j 
+
+Their Houfes were contiguous, fo that their Lovearofe l 
+from their Neighbourhood, grew greater by their mu- \ 
+tual Play, and was perfected by their Angular Beauty, | 
+This Love increafed with their Years, and when they j 
+were marriageable, they begged their Parents Confent; , 
+which was refufed , becaufe of fome former Quarrels be- ; 
+
+
+pro quo fua Numinrs ird 
+Corpora, cum forma , prwium ^vulgajfe feruntur ; 
+Utque pud dr cejjit , Sangutfque induruit oris , 
+
+In rigidwn parvo Jilicevi difcrisnine wer/tf. 
+
+The firft that ever gave themfelves, for Hire, 
+To Proftitution, urg’d by Penns' Ire -; 
+
+The Looks imbolden'd, Modefty now gone. 
+Convert at length to little differing Stone. 
+
+b - a ' e q U0 t € net iij'ula nomen . 
+
+From whom the Ifland does its Name receive. 
+
+
+i 
+
+> 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+
+Id. ihil 
+
+Id. M 
+
+
+
+
+Ofthe Gods of the Heathens* ixj 
+
+tween the two Families. And, that the Children might 
+not attempt any thing againfl their Parents Will, they 
+were next permitted to fee each other, or to fpeak toge¬ 
+ther. What could Pyramus do ?. Or how could Thifbe 
+hear this?. There was a Partition-Wall between both 
+Houfes, in which Wall there was a fmall Chink, never 
+difeovered by any of the Servants. This Crevice a the 
+Lovers found, and met here. Their Words and their 
+Sighs went through, butKifles could not pafsj which, 
+when they parted., they b printed on each Side, of the 
+Wall* But what a fatal Rapture in their .Hearts did 
+this fmall Breach in the Wall produce ? for their Love 
+was too great to be confined to fuch narrow Bounds : 
+The next Night therefore they refol ved to enjoy-that Li¬ 
+berty abroad, which they could not receive at home, by 
+efcapinginto a neighbouring Wood, where they agreed 
+to meet under the Shade of a large Mulberry-Tree, 
+which flood .clofe to a Fountain. When Night came 
+oi^ThiJbe deceives her Keepers, and efcapes firff, and 
+'flies into the Wood ; for Love gave her Vv ings. When 
+file came to the appointed Place, ^ a Lionefs came frefh 
+
+>i i. ■ — mmrnmam ^ ■ y i — ■■ ■ 1i 
+
+a Quid non fentit amor? 
+
+*- lUam prbni <uidijiis, amantes , 
+
+El <vocis fecijtis iter j tut&que per illuci 
+Mur mure blanditia? tntn'uno tranjirc folebant ► 
+
+This for fix many Ages undefery’d, 
+
+(Whatcannot Leve find out?) the Lovers fpy’d, 
+
+By which their whifp’ring Voices foStly trade^ 
+
+And Paflion’s ain’rous Ambafiies convey’d.. Quid. Met. ^ 
+
+■ -- b partique dedere . 
+
+Ofcula qtdfque fi*a non per-ue?iicntia co?ztra , 
+
+--Their Rifles greet 
+
+The fenfeleis Stones with Lips that cannot meet. 
+
+c -- ‘venit ecce recentf - - 
+
+Ctcde Letsna bourn, fpuma nles oblita rictus, , . • 
+
+Dcpofitura Jitim <uicini font is in unda . 
+
+When Io a Lionefs, with Blood -beftneaPd;,* . 
+
+.Approaching to .the well-known Spring appear’d. 
+
+1 3 
+
+
+from 
+
+
+118 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+" t 
+
+from the Slaughter of fome Cattle* to drink at the 
+Fountain, Thifbe was fo frightened that fhe ran into a 
+Cave, and in her Flight her Veil fell from her Head; 
+the Lionefs, returning from the Fountain, found the 
+Veil, and tore it with her Jaws fmear’d with the Cat¬ 
+tle’s Blood. Afterwards comes Pyramus^ and fees the 
+Print of a wild Beall’s Foot in the Gravel, and by and 
+by finds the Veil of ‘Tbifbe bloody and torn. He imme¬ 
+
+diately imagining that fhe was killed and devoured by 
+the Beall, prefently grew diflra£ted, and haftened to the j 
+appointed Tree ; and when he could not find Thifie, he j 
+threw himfelf upon his Sword, and died. c ThiJhe in the ' 
+mean Time recovered from her Fright, and came to the ! 
+Mulberry-Tree $ where, when fhe came near, Ihe fees I 
+a a Man expiring. AtfirlHhewas amazed, and flopped, j 
+and went back frighted. But when fhe knew b who it ! 
+was, fire ran into the Embraces of her dying Lover, 
+mingled her Tears with his Blood, and folding her : 
+Arms about him, being almoll diflradied with Grief, : 
+fhe lamented the Misfortune that robbed her of her Lo-. • 
+
+- ♦ r , 
+
+yer, c called upon him to anfwer if he could, when hi* i 
+
+9 ^ 
+
+, , , ♦ % P*#*•—•**» 9 * 
+
+a _-— iremehunda <videt pulfare cruentum i 
+
+.Membra folum . ' , 
+
+-- in great Surprife | 
+
+Blood-reeking Earth, and trembling Limbs Ihe fpics, 
+
+^ Sed poftquam remoratafuos cogtio’vit amores . ' 
+
+But when a nearer View confirm’d her Fear, • 
+TJhat/twas her Pyramus lay welt’ring there. ' 
+c Pyrame , refponde , tua te charijpma Pbijhc 
+pj.omlnat ; exaudi, <vultufque attoile jacentes* 
+
+Ad nomen P’hijl es 9 oculos hi morle gra*vatos 
+Pyramus erexit 9 *vtfaqtte reccndidit ilia . • 
+
+She kifs’d his Lips, and, vvhen fhe found them cold, 
+
+No longer could from wild Complaints withhold. ■ 
+What It range Mifchance, what envious Defliny 
+Divorces my dear Pyramus from me ? 
+
+Thy c fhijt>e calls — O, Pyramus , reply! 
+
+pan Pyramus be deaf to ^T'htjbe* s Cry '? v 
+
+, : T. ' Aii V; : * '• T i-v * > • .fbjfit 
+
+
+
+r * < 
+
+
+4 ** 
+
+
+Of the ‘Gods of ihe Heathens. 
+
+
+* \ 
+
+
+y 
+
+\ 
+
+h 
+
+a 
+
+^ , 
+C. 
+
+y 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+
+
+I 
+
+
+119 
+
+" 
+
+%htfbe called him; but he was fpeechlefs, and, only 
+looking up to her, expired. And now c ThiJbe was al~ 
+moftdead with Grief. She tore her Cheeks, and beat 
+her Breads., and rent her Hair, and fhed a Deluge of 
+Tears, uponhis cold Face; nor feemed to mourn, tillfhe 
+perceived her Veil, bloody and.torn, in Pyro?nus > s Hand» 
+She then underftood the Occafion of his Death; and, 
+with all her Strength,.fhe draws the Sword out of the 
+.Body of her Lover, and ftrikes ?it deep into her.own;; 
+and falling accidentally on him, gave him a cold Kifs, 
+and breathed her la ft Breath into his Bofom. The Tree 
+was warmed with the Blood of the Slain, fo that it be- 
+veame fenfible of their Misfortune, and mourned. Its 
+Berries, which were before white, became iirft red 
+•with Grief, and blufhed for the Death of Pyra??ius ; 
+
+; ; when 57;//5^ alfo died, the Berries then became black 
+■} and dark, as if they had put on Mourning. 
+
+(• In the next Place heartheStory of Atalanla and Hip- 
+l .pomenes , She was the Daughter of King Schteiieus , or 
+t Caneia , It was doubted whether her Beauty or Swift- 
+| nefs in running were greater. When fhe confulted 
+i the Oracle, whether fhe fhould marrv or.no,:-fhe/recei v- 
+ci this Anfwer-, that Marriage would be fatal to her. 
+
+| Hereupon the Virgin hid herfelf in the Woods, and 
+r Jived in Places remote from the Converfation of Men. 
+
+| But the more file avoidedthem, the more'eagerly they 
+•courted her. Her Difdain inflamed their De-ftres, and 
+■ ; her Pride raifed their Adoration- At laft, when fhe 
+jfaw fhe could not otherwife deliver herfelf from the 
+l Importunity of her Lovers, fhe made this Agreement 
+| with them.; 6 You court me in vain, fays fhe ; he who 
+6 overcomes me in running, fhall be my Hufband,; . 
+H but they who are beaten by me fhall fuffer Death,; 
+
+
+I 
+
+
+> -1 
+
+
+
+
+When Tbi/be* s Name the dying Lover heard, 
+
+His half-clos’d Eyes for one lalt Look he.rear'd : 
+Which, having Hatch’d the Blefling of that Sight, 
+ilefign'd themfelves to everlailing Niglito 
+
+I 4 
+
+
+* m 
+
+
+
+120 
+
+
+Of the Gads of the lie at hens 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+* I’ll be the Vidlor’s Prize, but the Vanqui{hed’s Pit, 
+- nifhment. If thefe Terms pleafe, come, go with me 
+
+* into the Field. 3 They a all agreed to thefe Conditi¬ 
+ons; they ftrove to outrun her; but they were all beaten 
+and put to Death, according to the Agreement; fuf. 
+fering the Lofs of their Lives for the Fault of their Feet, 
+
+.Yet the Example of thefe Gentlemen did not deter 
+, Hippomcnes from undertaking the Race. He entertain¬ 
+ed Hopes of winning the Victory; becaufe Venus had 
+given him three golden Apples, gathered in the Gar* 
+.dens of the Hefperides ; and alfo told him how to ufe 
+them, hlippomenes brifkly fet out and began the Race; 
+
+• and when he faw that Atalanta overtook • him, lie 
+threw down a golden Apple : The Beauty of it ind¬ 
+eed her, fo that {he b went out of her Way, followed 
+the Apple, and took it up. 
+
+Afterwards he threw down another, and fhe {looped 
+again to reach it; and again a third; fo. that while At¬ 
+lanta was bulled in gathering them' up, Hippomm 
+reached the Goal, and took the Lady as the Prize of 
+
+• his Vi£lory. 
+
+But how inconfirant is Venus? And how bafe Ingra¬ 
+titude ? Hippomenes , being drunk with Love, gave not 
+due Thanks to Venus , but was forgetful of her Kind* 
+nefs. The Goddefs refented it, and inflamed them 
+with fuch ffcrong impatient Deflres, that in their jour¬ 
+ney they dared, to fatisfy their Paffions in a Temple; 
+for which Sacrilege they were immediately punifhed, 
+for they were turned into Lions. • : 
+
+Laftly, let Paris and Helena come upon the Stage, 
+Paris was the Son of Priamus King of 7 roy? by Heath. 
+His Mother, when {he was big-bellied, dreamt that 
+
+
+a Vsnif ad banc legem temeraria turba proeorum . • 
+All her niad Wooers take the Terms propos’d. 
+° Declindt cur/us , aur unique njolubile tollit. 
+
+She, greedy of the fhining Fruits, Heps back 
+To catch the rolling; Gold. 
+
+* * ♦ 1 . • * O • 
+
+
+s 
+
+1 
+
+3 
+
+i 
+
+* 
+
+J 
+
+
+\ - 
+
+
+ki 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 1 2 y 
+
+foe brought forth a burning "Torch ; And, afking the Co¬ 
+racle the Interpretation of it, was anfwered, that it did 
+portend the Burning of Troy 9 and that the Fire fhould 
+be kindled by that Boy that (he had in her Womb. 
+Therefore, as foonas the Child was born, by the Com¬ 
+mand of Priamus , he was expofed upon the Mountain 
+Ida; where the Shepherds brought him up privately* 
+and educated him, and called him Paris . When he 
+was grown to Man’s Eftate, many excellent Endow¬ 
+ments and Qualities fhined in him ; particularly, he 
+gavefuch great Tokens of Angular Prudence and Equi¬ 
+ty in deciding Controverfi.es, that when a great Diffe¬ 
+rence arofe among the Goddefles, they referred it to his 
+judgment to be determined. The Goddefs a Difcordia 
+was the Occafionof this Contention : For, becaufe all 
+the Gods and Goddefles, except herfelf, were invited 
+to the Marriage of Peleus , fhe was angry, and refolved 
+to revenge the Difgrace; therefore, when they all met 
+and fat down at the Table, file came in privately, and 
+threw down upon the Table an Jlpple of Golf on which 
+was this Infcription, h Let the faireft take it . Hereupon 
+arofe a Quarrel among the Goddefles; for every one 
+thought herfelf the handfomeft. But, at laft, all the 
+others yield to the three fuperior Goddeffes : "Juno , Pal¬ 
+las , and Venus, who difputed fo eagerly, that Jupiter 
+himfelf was not able to bring them to Agreement. He 
+refolved therefore fo leave the final Determination of it 
+to the Judgment of Paris; fo that fhe fhould have the 
+Apple to whom Paris fhould appoint it. The Goddefles 
+qonfent, and call for Paris , who was then feeding Sheep 
+upon a Mountain. They tell him their Bufinefs; they 
+every one court his Favour with great Promifes. 'Juno 
+promifed to reward him with Power ; Pallas with TVif- 
+dom 5 and Venus promifed him the mojl beautiful Woman 
+
+
+•— in___ , 1— ■ jii^ 1 1 1 ■ 1 
+
+♦ « • 
+
+a Dion. Chryfoft. Orat. 20. Philoftrat. in Icon. 
+ffrrtor accipiati vel Deittr Pulchricri . 
+
+
+b PuL 
+
+
+
+
+
+122 
+
+
+
+hi the I-Vorld. In fhort, he obferved them all very curt- 
+oufly 5 but Nature guided him to pronounce Venus the 
+fair eft , and to affign to her the Apple of Gold, Nor 
+did Venus break her Promife to Paris ; for in a little 
+Time Paris was owned to be King Priam 9 s Son, and 
+failed into Greece with a great Fleet, under the Colour 
+of an Embafly, to fetch away Helena , the moft beautiful 
+Virgin in the World ; who was betrothed to Menelaus , 
+King of Sparta, and lived in his Houfe. "When he came, 
+Menelaus was abfent from Home ; and, in his Abfence, 
+Paris carried Helena to Troy. Menelaus demanded her, 
+but Paris refufed to fend her back ; whereupon that 
+fatal War between the Grecians and Trojans broke out, 
+in which, Troy , the Metropolis of all Afia, was taken 
+and miferably burnt, in the Year of the World 2871, 
+There were killed eight hundred fixty-eight thoufand 
+of the Grecians \ among whom Achilles , their General, 
+loft his Life, by the Treachery of Paris himfelf. There 
+were flain fix hundred feventy-fix thoufand of the Tro¬ 
+jans, from the Beginning of the War to the Betraying 
+the City ; (for it was thought that /Eneas and Antenor 
+betrayed it) among whom Paris himfelf was killed by 
+Pyrrhus or Philoftetes ; and his Brother Heft or, a the 
+Pillar of his Country , was killed by Achilles. And when 
+the City was taken and burnt, K ing Priamus, the Fa¬ 
+ther of Paris and Heftor , at once lofi: all his Children., 
+Hecuba his Queen, his Kingdom and his Life. Ple- 
+lena , after Pails was killed, married his Brother Dei• 
+phobus : Yet fhe, at laft, betrayed theCaftle tothe Gre¬ 
+cians , and admitted Menelaus into her Chamber to kill 
+Dciphobus ; whereby it is faid, fhe was reconciled to 
+the Favour of Menelaus again. But thefe Things be¬ 
+long rather to Hiftory than Fable, to which let us re¬ 
+turn. 
+
+
+a Patriae Columen* 
+
+
+:S E e T, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+
+123 
+
+
+SECT. V. VENus’i Companions . Hyme- 
+
+n/eus, the Cupids, the Graces, Adonis. 
+
+% 
+
+rip HE firft of Venus's Companions was the God 
+JL Hymenasus. He prefided over Marriage, and was 
+the Protestor of Virgins. He was the Son of Bacchus 
+and VcnusUrania^ born in Attica, where heufed to re- 
+fcue Virgins carried away by Thieves, and reftore them 
+to their Parents. He was of a very fair Complexion ; 
+crowned with the A?naracus or Sweet-Marjoram, and 
+fometimes with Rofes; in one Hand he carried a 
+Torch, in the other a Veil of a flame Colour, to re- 
+prefent the Blufhes of a V irgin. Maids newly married 
+offered Sacrifices to him, as they did alfo to the God- 
+dcfs Can cor din. 
+
+Cupid was the neri-t of Venus's Companions. He 13 
+called the God of Love, and a many different Parents 
+are afcribed to him, becaufe there v/ere many Cupids . 
+Plato b fays, he was bom of Penia^ the Goddefs of Po¬ 
+verty > and Porus , the Son of Counfel and Plenty . c He- 
+fiod relates, that he was born of Chaos and Terra. Sap¬ 
+pho derives him from Venus and Caelum. Alcaeus fays he 
+was the Son of Lite and Zephyrus. S'nnonidcs attributes 
+hirn to Mars and Venus ^ and Alcmeeon to Zephyr us and 
+Flora. But whatfoever Parents Cupid had, this is plain, 
+lie always accompanies Venus , either as a Son, or as a 
+Servant* 1 '.. . 
+
+♦ _ 
+
+The Poets fpeak of two Cupids. One of which is 
+
+an ingenious Youth c , the Son of Venus and ‘Jupiter , a 
+eeleftial Deity ; the other an obfeene Debauchee, the 
+Son of Nox and Erebus (Hell and the Night) a vulgar 
+God, whofe Companions are Drunkennefs, Sorrow, 
+
+« * 
+
+:i Philoftrar. in Icon. b Plato in Sympof, c Vide 
+Nnt. Com. Sc Lib Gyrald. i] Cic. de Nat. Deor. c Plate} 
+?n Pkaxlrp. 
+
+Enmity, 
+
+
+
+12.2. Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+in the World. In fhort, he obferved them all very curi- 
+oufly , but Nature guided him to pronounce Venus the 
+fairejiy and to aflign to her the Apple of Gold, Nor 
+did Venus break her Promife to Paris ; for in a little 
+Time Paris was owned to be King Prian z’s Son, and 
+failed into Greece with a great Fleet, under the Colour 
+of an Embafly, to fetch away Helena , the moft beautiful 
+Virgin in the World ; who was betrothed to Menelaus , 
+King of Sparta , and lived in his Houfe. When he came, 
+Menelaus was abfent from Home ; and, in his Abfence, 
+Paris carried Helena to Troy. Menelaus demanded her, 
+but Paris refufed to fend her back; whereupon that 
+fatal War between the Grecians and Trojans broke out, 
+in which, Troy , the Metropolis of all Afia^ was taken 
+and miferably burnt, in the Year of the "World 2871. 
+There were killed eight hundred flxty-eight thoufand 
+of the Grecians ; among whom Achilles , their General, 
+loft his Life, by the Treachery of Paris himfelf. There 
+were flain fix hundred feventy-fix thoufand of the Tro¬ 
+jans , from the Beginning of the War to the Betraying 
+the City ; (for it was thought that /Eneas and Antenor 
+betrayed it) among whom Paris himfelf was killed by 
+Pyrrhus or Philooletes ; and his Brother Heffor, a the 
+Pillar of his Country , was killed by Achilles . And when 
+the City was taken and burnt, K.ingPriamus? the Fa¬ 
+ther of Paris and HcPior, at once loft all his Children., 
+Hecuba his Queen, his Kingdom and his Life. He - 
+lien a , after Paris was killed* married his Brother Dei* 
+phobus : Yet fhe, at laft, betrayed the Caftle to-the Gre - 
+eianSy and admitted Menelaus into her Chamber to kill 
+Dei phobus > whereby it is faid, fhe was reconciled to 
+the Favour of Menelaus again. But thefe Things be¬ 
+long rather to Hiftory than Fable, to which let us re¬ 
+turn. 
+
+
+a Patriae Columen. 
+
+
+S E C T, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+
+123 
+
+
+SECT. V. Venus’.? Companions. Hyme- 
+NiEus, the Cupids, the Graces, Adonis. 
+
+% 
+
+rpHE firfl of Venus *s Companions was the God 
+JL Hymcnaus. He prefided over Marriage, and was 
+the Protestor of Virgins. He was the Son of Bacchus 
+and Venus Urania? born in Attica , where heufed to re- 
+fcue Virgins carried away by Thieves, and reflore them 
+to their Parents. He was of a very fair Complexion ; 
+crowned with the A?naracus or Sweet-Marjoram, and 
+fometirnes with Rofes ; in one Hand he carried a 
+Torch, in the other a Veil of a flame Colour, to re¬ 
+prefen t the Blufhes of a Virgin. Maids newly married 
+offered Sacrifices to him, as they did alfo to the God- 
+defs Concordia. 
+
+Cupid was the ne*:t of Venus’s Companions. He 13 
+called the God of Love, and a many different Parents 
+are afcribed to him, becaufe there were many Cupids . 
+Plato b fays, he was born o fPcnia? the Goddefs of Po¬ 
+verty? and Bor us , the Son of Counfel and Plenty . c He- 
+fiod relates, that he was born of Chaos and Terra. Sap¬ 
+pho derives him from Venus and Gcclu?n. Alcorns fa3^ he 
+was the Son of Lite and Z ephyrus. Simonides attributes 
+him to Mars and Venus ^ and Alcm & on to Zcphyrus and 
+Flora. But whatfoever Parents Cupid had, this is plain, 
+he always accompanies Venus , either as a Son, or as a 
+Servant/ 5 '.. . 
+
+The Poets fpeak of two Cupids . One of which is 
+ingenious Youth c , the Son of Venus and Jupiter? a 
+celeftial Deity ; the other an obfcenc Debauchee, the 
+Son of Nox and Erebus (Hell and the Night) a vulgar 
+God, whofe Companions are Drunkcnnefs, Sorrow* 
+
+:i Philofhat. in Icon. b Plato in Sympof. c Vide 
+Nat. Com. & Lil. Gyrald. d Cic. de Nat. Deor. c Platq 
+in Phase! ro. 
+
+Enmity^ 
+
+
+324 Qf the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+Enmity, Contention, and fuch Kind of Plagues; one 
+of tbefe Cupids is called Eros y and the other Ant eras. 
+Both of them are Boys, and naked, and winged, and 
+blind, and armed with a Bow and Arrows and a Torch. 
+* They have.two Darts of different Natures; a golden 
+.Dart, which procures Love, and a leaden Dart, which 
+caufes Hatred. b Anteros is alfo the God who avenges 
+flighted Love. 
+
+Although this be the youngefi: of all the Gods in 
+Heaven, yet his Power is fo great, that he is efleemed 
+the flrongeft of them ; for he fubdues them all. With¬ 
+out his Aftiftance his Mother Vemts is weak, and can do 
+nothing, as fhe herfelf c confeffes in Virgil. 
+
+P . But why is Cupid naked? 
+
+/A. He is naked becaufe the Lover has nothing .of 
+his own, but deprives himfelf of all that he has, for his 
+Miftrefs’s.Sake : He can neither cover nor conceal any 
+Thing from her ; of which Sampfoti is a Witnefs : For 
+he difeovered to his beloved Miflrefs even the Secret 
+on which his Safety did depend; and here his Under- 
+fhinding was blinded before his Eyes., Another fays, 
+that Czipid is naked, d becaufe Lovers delight to be To. 
+
+Cupid is a Boyy becaufe he is void of Judgment: 
+His Chariot is drawn by Lions, for the Rage and Fierce- 
+siefs of no Creature is greater than the Extravagance 
+and Madnefs of violent Love. And he is blind ; be- 
+•caufe a Lover does not fee the Faults of his beloved 
+Obje£L nor confider in his Mind the Mifchief proceed¬ 
+ing from that Paffion. He is winged, becaufe nothing 
+
+2 Plut. apud Stobamm. b Scholia#. in Theocr. io, 
+Idyll. Faufan. in Boeot. Plut. in Synvpof. 
+
+c IdtiiCj mecs 'vires y 712ca ?nag):a petentia , fains . 
+
+Thou art my Strength, O Son, and Power alone. 
+
+Virg. 4. Adncidy 
+
+d Quavc intda limits, mtdi pingurTfur amores P 
+
+Nuda quibtts plaeeat , nudes dunit tat opart et. 
+
+Why’s Vepres naked, and the Loves are fo ? 
+
+Thole that like Nakednefs Hiould naked go. 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+Ofthe Gods of the Heathens 9 j2 f 
+
+flies fwifter than Love: It is well known, that he, who 
+loves To-day may hate To-morrow ; the Space of one 
+Day does oftentimes fee Love and Averfion, in their 
+Turns, reigning in the fame Perfon * nay. Airman* 
+King David’s Son, both loved and hated the fame Wo¬ 
+man in a fhorter Space of Time 5 for, with the greateft 
+Degree of Hatred, he turned her out of his Chamber* 
+whom he juft before inticed into it, with the higheft 
+Marks of Love. Laftly, the Boy is armed with Arrows * 
+becaufe he ftrikes afar off 
+
+The Graces , called a Charites , were three Sifters* the 
+Daughters of 'Jupiter and Eurynome , or Ennomia , as- 
+Orpheus fays ; or, as others rather fay, the Daughters 
+of Bacchus and Venus. The fir ft was called b Aglaia 
+from her Chearfulnefs; her Beauty, or her Worth * be¬ 
+caufe Kindnefs ought to be performed freely and gene- 
+roufly. The fecond, c ‘Thalia , from her perpetual Ver¬ 
+dure ; becaufe Kindnefs ought never to die, but to re¬ 
+main frefh always in the Receiver’s Memory. The 
+third, d Eupbrofyne, from her Chearfulnefs ; becaufe we 
+ought to be free and chearful, as well in doing as re¬ 
+ceiving a Kindnefs. 
+
+Thefe Sifters were painted naked (or in tranfparenfc 
+andloofe Garments) young and merry, and all Virgins*., 
+with Hands joined. One was turned from the Be¬ 
+holder, as if fhe was going from him * the other two 
+turned their Faces, as if they were coming to him* 
+whereby we underftand, that when one Kindnefs is. 
+done, Thanks are twice due; once when received* 
+and again when it is repaid. The Graces are naked * 
+becaufe Kindnefles ought to be done in Sincerity and 
+Candour, and without Difguife. 
+
+i 
+
+2 X&QiTEq dids c&7ro tvs ’X J cc £&’$i i* a Gaudio. 
+
+b 'Ay^aia,, id eft, fplendor, honeftas, vel dignitas. c Sa- 
+K'j. (nam Sc&Xeicc eft Mufenomen) id eft, viriditas Sc cone 5 a- 
+nitas a So.Ww vireo. d ’EvZpzorvw* id eft, Lxtitia Sc Urba¬ 
+nites, Vide Heiiod. in Tlxeogon. 
+
+They 
+
+
+126 Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 
+
+4 
+
+They are young; becaufe the Memory of Kindnefles 
+received ought never to grow old. They are Virgins; 
+becaufe Kindnefles ought to be pure, without Expefta- 
+tion of Requital; or becaufe we ought never to give 
+or receive'a bafe or immodeft Kindnefs. Their Hands 
+are joined; becaufe a one good "Turn requires another: 
+There ought to be a perpetual Intercourfe of Kind¬ 
+nefs and Affiflance among Friends, 
+
+Adonis was the Son of Cynarus , King of Cyprus , and 
+A'fyrrha. As he was very handfome, Venus took great 
+Delight in him, and loved his Company- When he 
+hunted, a Boar goared his Groin with his Tufks, and 
+killed him. Venus bewailed his Death with much Sor¬ 
+row and Concern, and changed his Blood, which was 
+fhed on the Ground, into the Flower Anemone^ which 
+ever fince has retained the Colour of Blood. And 
+while fhe ran to aflift him, being led by his dying 
+Voice, file pricked her Foot with a Thorn, and the 
+Blood which came from thence, fell on the Rofe, 
+which before was white, being hereby made red. 
+
+Some add another pleafant Conceit. They fay, that 
+when Venus and Proferpina contended before Jupiter , 
+which fhould have Adonis , Jupiter referred them to CaU 
+Hope , whom he appointed to be Judge of their Quarrel, 
+Calliope gave this Sentence, that Adonis fhould ferve 
+Venus every Year fix Months, and wait upon Proferpina 
+the other fix. The Meaning of which Fable is this: 
+Venus is the Earth, and her Adonis is the Sun. She 
+reigns with him fix Months, attired with beauteous 
+Flowers, and inriched with Fruit and Corn; the other 
+fix Months the Sun leaves us, and goes, as it were, to 
+live with Proferpina . 
+
+LafHy, from Adonis comes the Proverb, b Adonis' s 
+Gardens , by which are fignified all thofe Things that 
+are fine and gay, but ufelefs and trifling. 
+
+* % 
+
+t 
+
+a X*? iV h e * Gratia gratiam park, in Adag. 
+
+* Adomdis Horti, in Adag, 
+
+SECT, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 127 
+
+
+SECT, VI. "The Explanation of the Fable , 
+
+VenusV Amoroufnefs . 
+
+rT^H'E Graces , Cupid , and Adonis are Venus's Com- 
+
+J. panions, whereby is defcribed that ungovern¬ 
+able Appetite and Inclination, which is in Men towards 
+obfcene Pleafures. 
+
+1. She is called the Goddefs of Beauty and Comdinefs %■ 
+becaufe Beauty is the greatell Fomenter of impure De- 
+fires. She, fitting on a frail corporeal Throne, fubdues 
+the Soul. She, by her Flattery and Enticement, fteals 
+into the AfFe£Uons, and drives Virtue from thence, and 
+bafely inflaves the whole Man. The Cythereans wor- 
+fliipped Venus armed. Beauty needs no Weapons t 
+She who pofiefles that is fufiiciently armed. Anacreovz. 
+jngenioufly tells us, that Nature gave Women Beauty, 
+that they might ufe it inftead of Spears and Shields, and 
+conquer with greater Speed and Force, than either Iron' 
+or Fire can. Helena? Phrync? and innumerable others, 
+are Witnefles of this Truth. One Lady, when fhe was 
+bound to the Stake to be Boned, with the Lightning of 
+her Eyes difarmed her Executioners: Another, when 
+her Crime was proved, and thcf {he had often offend¬ 
+ed before, when fhe tore her Garments, and opened 
+her Breaft, flopped the Judge’s Mouth 5 and, when her 
+Beauty pleaded her Caufe, every body acquitted her. 
+
+2» Beauteous Venus rides in a Chariot, as it were, to 
+triumph over her fubdued Enemies, whom Love, rather 
+than Force, has conquered. She has her Ambufhes, 
+but they are conipofed of Pleafure and Enjoyment: 
+She fkirmifhes with Delights, and not with Fire and 
+Bullets. The Wounds fhe gives are bloodlefs and 
+gentle: She ufes no other Flames than what (lie kin¬ 
+dles with her Eyes, and draws the Arrows which fhe 
+fcoots from no other Quiver. And if fhe fights thus, 
+it is no Wonder if fhe makes the Enemy fly to her, ra¬ 
+fter than from her* . 
+
+x 3. She? 
+
+► 
+
+
+
+- ' ^ — - * ✓ / T 
+
+2 2 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+3. She wears a Crown ; becaufe fhe is always victo¬ 
+rious. Beauty never wants Succefs ; becaufe (he fights 
+at Leifure, conquers in Time of Peace, and triumphs 
+with her Eyes. Thunder is contained even in herSi- 
+lerlce, and Lightning in her Look. She feizes the Breaft* 
+ftorms the Mind, and takes it captive with one Aflaulf, 
+nay, with one Look. Beiuty fpeaks without a Voice, 
+forces us without Violence, ties us down without Fetters, 
+and charms us without Witchcraft; and in her to fee is 
+to overcome, and to be feen is to triumph. Auguftm 
+refufed to fee her in Cleopatra , left himfelf fhould be 
+taken, and the Conqueror of the World fubmit to a 
+“Woman: When therefore fhe pleaded, and made her 
+Defence, he opened his Ears, but flint his Eyes. 
+
+4. She carries a Looking-glafs, that the Brittleftefs 
+of the Glafs may remind her of the Frailty of her Beau¬ 
+ty. She is crowned with flowery Garlands; becaufe 
+nothing is more fading than Beauty, which, like a 
+Flower, is blafted by the leaft Breath, and broken by 
+the leaft Accident, and dies in the fhorteft Moment. 
+
+5. She is born from the Sea ; becaufe as many Storms 
+and Tempefts afflicft the Lover, as difturb the Sea: 
+Nothing but Bitternefs is his Portion ; fo that we may 
+fay, that a to love is to fwalJow a bitter Potion. This is 
+certainly true, that the Bitternefs cf the Sea is fweet, if 
+compared with the Bittternefs of Love. But fuppofe 
+Love had Sweetnefs, yet, like the Sea, from whence 
+Venus fprang, it is full oftempeftuous Defires, and ftor- 
+my Disappointments. How many Vefiels have beert 
+fhipwreck’d there? How many Goods loft ? What De- 
+ftru&ion, not only of Men’s Eflates, but of their Un- 
+
+. derftandings alfo, have happened there? Inftances of 
+which, every body, who is not blind, has obferved. 
+
+6 . Confider the Adulteries, Rapes, and Incefts of 
+which Venus is accufed, and you will find which Way 
+her Beauty tends. See the Precipices into which that 
+Ignisfatuus^ in her Eyes, betrays its Admirers. Though 
+
+a Amare efle amatori amarum, 
+
+her 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 129 
+
+JicrFace appears pure and cool as the Ice, it creates a 
+paflion both impure and hot as Fire. From that Stream 
+offparkling Fire which comes from her .Eyes, Clouds 
+of dark and hellifh Impurity, and black Mitts of Lutt, 
+proceed. Thus, by a ftrange Con tradition, many are 
+blinded by others Eyes, and find Tumults raifed in 
+their Breads from the calm Serenity of others Looks ; 
+grow pale at the Rednefs in their Cheeks - 3 lofe their own 
+Beauty in admiring the Beauty of others, and grow 
+immodeft by loving Modefty. 
+
+P. How far, I prithee, will the Fervour and the 
+flowing Tide of your Wit and Fancy carry you ? The 
+Beauty of this Goddefs, I fee, has raifed your Admira¬ 
+tion. 
+
+M. It has rather moved my Indignation : But, how¬ 
+ever, you do well in flopping me. She hath detained 
+us longer than I expc£ied, though not without Rea- 
+f'on ; becaufe fhe is one of the greateft of all the God- 
+defies. The reft are lefs illuftrious, and will by no 
+Means detain us fo long. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. XIII. 
+
+Latona, 
+
+T ATO N A, whom you fee ftanding next fo% 
+" was the Daughter of Phoebe and Cans the Titan* So 
+great was her Beauty that Jupiter fell in Love with her, 
+and deflowered her : When Juno perceived that fhe was 
+big with Child by him, fhe caft her out of Heaven to 
+the Earth, and obliged Terra , by an Oath, not to give 
+her any where an Habitation to bring forth in : And 
+befides, b fhe fet the Serpent Python upon her, to perfe- 
+uteherall over the W*orld. Juno, however, was dif- 
+
+
+“ Apollodor. L 1, Ovid. 6. Metam. b Orph. in Hymn. 
+
+K appointed 
+
+
+13 0 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+appointed in every Thing; for the Ifland Delos re¬ 
+ceived Latona , where, under a Palm, or an Olive-tree, 
+Cie brought forth Diana ; who, as foon as fhe was 
+born, performed the Office of Midwife to her Mother, 
+and took Care of her Brother //potto as foon as he was 
+born. 
+
+P . But if Terra fwore that flie would allow no Place 
+to Latona , how could file bring forth in Delos ? 
+
+M. Very well; a for they fay. That that Ifland for¬ 
+merly floated in the Sea, and at that Time was hid un¬ 
+der the Waters when Terra took her Oath, but emerged 
+afterwards by the Order of Neptune , and became fixed 
+and immoveable for Latona’ s Ufe; from which Time 
+it was called h Delos, becaufe it was now vifible, like 
+other Places. 
+
+P. But why did the Ifland Delos emerge for Latom\ 
+
+X Jfc ? < | 
+
+M. That is not ft range : For this Ifland was Sifter , 
+to Latona. Some fay, that her Name was formerly' 
+y/jhria , whom Jupiter loved and courted, but flic was 
+converted into an Ifland : But others report, that fhe 
+was c converted into a ghtail, and flew into this Ifland. 
+which was therefore, among other Names, called' 1 
+Qrtygia . Niobe’s Pride, and the Barbarity of the 
+Countrymen of Lycia , increafe the Fame of this God-i 
+deft. ! 
+
+Niobe was the Daughter of Tantalus , and the Wife 
+of Arnphion , King of Thebes . c She was fo inriched with 
+all the Gifts of Nature and Fortune, and her Happinefsi 
+was fo great, that file could not bear it; wherefore,: 
+puffed up with Pride, and full of Self conceit, fhe began! 
+to defpife Latona , and to efteem herfelf greater than! 
+her, faying. Is any Happinefs to be compared to mhu t \ 
+
+p 
+
+f 
+
+! 
+
+a Lucian, in Dial. Iridis & Neptuni, h AjjAo*, id ell, i 
+• confpicua Sc manifefla. c Ovid. i^. Met. d \Atto7«; 
+o^vyocy a. coturnice. e Ovid, 6. Mctam. 
+
+* ivh \ 
+
+i 
+v 
+
+% 
+
+M 
+
+
+2 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens » 131 
+
+* who a?n out of the Reach of Fortune ? foe may rob me 
+of much JVeedthy but foe carat of injure me, fence fee ?nuft 
+leave me feill very rich . Does any one’s JNealth exceed 
+mine ? Is any one’s Beauty Uhc mine P Have 1 not feeven 
+mo ft beautiful Daughters P And as many ingenious and 
+bandfome Sons ? And have I ?iot therefore Rea Jon to be 
+proud ? In this Manner did (lie boaft of her Happioefs, 
+and defpife others in Comparifon of herfelf; but her 
+mad Pride, in a fhort Time, deprived her of a)] that 
+Happinefs which fhe had poflefled* and reduced her 
+from the Height of good Fortune to the 1 owe ft Degree 
+of Mifery : For when Latona faw herfelf defpifed, and 
+her Sacrifices difturbed by Niche , {he appointed Apollo 
+and Diana to punifh the Injury that was offered to 
+their Mother. Immediately they two go, with their 
+Quivers well filled with Arrows, to Niche's Houfe; 
+where firft they kill the Sons, then the Daughters, and 
+next the Father, in the Sight of Niobe , who by that 
+Means b was ftupified with Grief, till at length fhe was 
+
+
+* n ll'jorftm qnam cut pofjit forttma tiocere ; 
+
+Multaque ut eripiat , multo mi hi plura relinquet • 
+
+In quamcumque donuts adverti lit?tibia partem , 
+
+Immenfe fpeciantur opes . Acccdat eodem 
+Digna Ded facies . Hide rotas adjice Jeptem , 
+
+Et tot idem juvenes : & ttiox gazer ofque, numtfque : 
+Qtucrite nunc habeat quant nofera Juperbza caufam P 
+My State’s too great for Fortune to bereave; 
+
+Tho’ much fhe lavifh, fhe much more mull leave. 
+Throughout my Court behold in ev’ry Place 
+Infinite Riches ! Add to this a Face 
+Worthy a Goddefs : Then, to crown my Joys, 
+Seven beauteous Daughters, and as many Boys. 
+All thefe by Marriage to be multiply’d. 
+
+Behold, have we not Reafon for our Pride ? 
+
+
+b - —Or ha ref edit 
+
+Exonimcs inter natos , natafque , vir unique, 
+Dirigzbtqnc malis. Idem, ibid. 
+
+She by her Hufband, Sons, and Daughters fits 
+A Childlefs Widow, waxing it iff with Woes, 
+
+. K 2 
+
+
+turned 
+
+
+
+i j2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+turned into Marble, which, becaufe of this Misfortune, 
+
+fheds many Tears to this Day. 
+
+The Rufticks of the Country Lycia , in Afa , did alfo 
+experience the Anger of Latova with their Ruin ; for, 
+when (he wandered in the Fields very big with Twins, 
+the Heat of the Weather, and the Toil of her Journey, 
+brought fuch a Drought upon her, that (he aim ©ft fain¬ 
+ted for Third:: At lad difeovering a Spring in the Bot¬ 
+tom of the Valley, {he ran to it with great Joy, and 
+fell on her n Knees to drink the cool Waters; but the 
+neighbouring Clowns hindered her, and bid her depart. 
+She earneftly begged Leave, and they as furlily denied 
+it: She did not defire, b (hefaid, to muddy the Streams 
+by wafhing herfclf in them, but only to' quench her 
+
+Third, 
+
+
+;i *- gelidos potura liquor es . 
+
+To quench her Third with the refrefhing Stream, 
+k* Quid'probidetis aquas ? vfus conwumis aquarian cjl 
+Quas tauten ut delis, fupplex peto. Non ego noftros 
+Abluere hie art us, laffataque membra parabam r 
+tied rele-uare Jitim . Caret os humore loquentis , 
+
+JEt fauces arent, <vixquc ef *via roods in illis . 
+
+Haufus aqius mibi Nedar erit 9 vitamque fateb «. r ' 
+
+Accepiffe -—- 
+
+Quem non blanda Dea pctuijjent •verba mowere ? 
+
+Hi tauten or ant cm perf'mt prohibere ; minafquc, 
+Niprocul abfeedai , con-viciaque infuper addunt. 
+
+Nee fat is ef ; ipfos ctiam pcdibufque ?nanuque 
+Lurbanj 'crc la cits, imoqne e gurgitc molletn 
+Hue iliac Ihnum faltu mcajcre maligno . 
+
+.-- Why hinder you, faid ihe. 
+
+The Ufe of Water that to all is free ? 
+
+The Sun, Air, Water, Nature did not frame - 
+
+
+Peculiar ; a public Gift I claim ; 
+
+Yet humbly I intreat it, not to drench 
+My weary Limbs, but killing Third to quench. 
+
+My Tongue wants Moifture, and my Jaws are dry ; 
+Scarce is there Way for Speech. For Drink I die, 
+Whiter to me were Ne<5lar. If 1 live, 
+i'is by y o ur Favo ur, -— V/it« 
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Meat hens'. 133 
+
+.Third, now fhe was aJmoft choaked with Drought. 
+They regarded not her Intreaties, but, with many 
+Threats, endeavoured to drive her away ; and, left/he 
+ihould drink, they.leaped into the Water and muddied 
+the Stream. This great Inhumanity moved the Indig¬ 
+nation of Latona , who, not able to bear fuch barbarous 
+Treatment, curfed them, and faid to them, a May ye 
+always live in this ff^ater. Immediately they were turn- 
+: : ed Into Frogs, and leaped into the muddy Waters, 
+
+^ where they ever after lived* 
+
+if J 
+
+
+
+
+1 
+
+I 
+
+Ul 
+
+
+t 
+
+
+n 
+
+
+With whom would not Inch gentle Words prevail,? 
+Hut they, periifting to prohibit, rail; 
+
+The Place with Threats command her to forfake ; 
+Then, with their Hands and Feet, difturb the Lake, 
+And, leaping with malicious Motions, move 
+The troubled Mud ; which, riling, floats above. 
+JEicrJUtm Jiagno, dixit , <vi-vatis in ijio; 
+
+E-ueniunt cft.ita Dee?. 
+
+Still, Tai<I flie, may ye in this Water dwell. 
+
+And, as the Goddefs wifh’d, it happ’d. 
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. XIV. 
+
+* 
+
+A U R G R A „ 
+
+M I IT* O do you think that {lately b Goddefs is, 
+
+V V that is drawn in a Chariot of Gold, by white 
+
+Horfes ? 7 
+
+Is it not Aurora , the Daughter o f Terra and T'itan*, 
+
+the Sifter of the Sun and the Moon, and the Mother of 
+
+Hie Stars and the Winds? I fancy fo^ becaufe her 
+
+Countenance Ihines like Gold, and her Fingers are 
+
+feci like Rofes, and c Homer defcribes Aurora after that 
+^Manner. 
+
+
+
+1 
+
+1 
+
+k 
+
+<1 * 
+
+
+6 , 
+
+
+Virg, 6, JEneid. Theocr. in Hyla. Apollon, 1. j 
+Hymn, in Vener. 
+
+K 3 
+
+
+iM. Your 
+
+
+
+134 Of rf° e °f the Heathens. 
+
+M. Your Obfervation is very right; it is, as you fay, 
+Aurora , whom the a Greeks call by another Name ; you 
+have named her Parents right; yet h fome fay, that He 
+was the Daughter of Hyperion and Thia^ or elfe Pallas } 
+from whom the Poets alfo called her Pallantlas . 
+
+P. Does Hiftory relate nothing done by her ? 
+
+Ad. Yes, c file by Force carried two beautiful young j 
+Men, Cephalus and Tit bonus > into Heaven. j 
+
+Gepbalus married Procris , the Daughter of the King i 
+
+of Athens. When Aurora could by no Perfuafion move j 
+
+him to violate his- Marriage-Vow, fhecarried him into i 
+
+Heaven ; but even there fhe could not fhake his Con- 
+
+** _ | 
+
+ftancy : Therefore fhe fent him again to his Wife Pro- • 
+cris^ difguifed in the Habit of a Merchant; who, being 
+defirous to try her Fidelity to her abfent Hufband, temp- : 
+ted her, with much Courtfhip and many Prefents, to yield 
+to his Defires ; and, when fhe almoft confented, hecaft 
+off his Difguife, and chid his Wife for her Inconftancy, i 
+She was greatly afhamed, and hid herfelf in the Woods; j 
+hut afterwards was reconciled to her Hufband, and gave = 
+him an Arrow, which never milled the Mark, whichIhe | 
+had received from Mime . When Cephalus had this Ar- \ 
+row, he fpenthis whole Time in hunting and purfuing’ 
+wild Beafts. d Procris , fufpeflirig that her Hufband I 
+loved fome Nymphs, went before, and lay in a 
+to difeover the Truth ; but when fhe moved careldly j 
+in the Bufh, her Hufband heard the Ruffling, and,i 
+thinking that fome wild Beall was there, drew his Bow, j 
+and fhot his Wife with his unerring Arrow. j 
+
+Tit bonus was the Son of Laomedon , arid Brother of, 
+Priamus : c Aurora , for his fingular Beauty, carried! 
+
+_ a Grasce dicitur ’H&>s & ’E^c unde Eous Sc Heous: Lati*j 
+
+nis nominatur Axirora 9 quail Aurea. Fit enim, ut inquit Or-J 
+
+pheus in Hymnis, ’Ayystaa ©£« IVroVos* id eil, Solis Nun*| 
+
+cia. ^ h Hefiod. in Theogon. c Ovid.-y. Metam. Pafl'l 
+
+fan. in Lacon. d Ovid. Metam. 7. c Horatius, l.-l 
+Carm. | 
+
+him] 
+
+
+Ofthe Gods of the Heathens. 135 
+
+him up to Heaven, and married him ; and, inftead of a 
+portion, obtained from the Fates Immortality for him': 
+She had Memnon by him ; but fhe forgot to afk the 
+Fates to grant him perpetual Youth, fo that he became 
+fo old and decrepid, that, like an Infant, he was rocked 
+to Sleep in a Cradle. Hereupon he grew weary of Life, 
+and,wifhing for Death,afked Aurora to grant him Power 
+to die. She faid, that it was not in her Power to grant 
+it; but that fhe would do what file could ; a and there¬ 
+fore turned her Hufband into a Grafhopper, which, they 
+fay, moults when it is old, and grows young again. 
+
+P. And what became of Memnon ? 
+
+M. Memnon , their Son, went to Troy., to alii ft King 
+Priam , where, in a Duel with Achilles , he was killed ; 
+b and, in the Place where he fell, a Fountain arofe, which 
+every Year, on the fame Day on which he died, fends 
+forth Blood inftead of Water. But, as his Body lay 
+upon the Funeral Pile to be burnt, it was changed into 
+a Bird, by his Mother Aurora’s Interceflion $ and ma¬ 
+ny other Birds of the fame Kind flew out of the Pile 
+with him, which, from his Name, were called Aves 
+Memnonits: Thefe dividing themfelves into two Troops, 
+and, furioufly fighting with their Beaks and Claws, 
+with their own Blood, appe&fed the Ghoft of Memnon , 
+from whom they fprung. 
+
+There was a Statue of this Memnon, made of black 
+Marble, and fet up in the Temple of -Serapis at Thebes 
+in Egypt , of which c they relate an incredible Story : 
+For it is faid, that the Mouth of this Statue, when firft 
+touched by the Rays of the rifing Sun, fent forth a 
+fweet and harmonious Sound, as though it rejoiced 
+when its Mother Aurora came, but, at the Setting of 
+the Sun, it fent forth a low melancholy Tone, as 
+though it lamented its Mothers Departure. 
+
+3 Ovid. Metam. 1. 9 . h Ovid. 13 , Metam. 
+
+* Fucian, in PJiilofoph. Tzetzes Club 6 . 
+
+K 4 And 
+
+
+
+136 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+And thus I have told you, Palaopbilus , all Things, 
+which I thought ufeful, concerning the Celeltial Gods 
+and Goddeffes. 
+
+P. How much am I indebted to you for this, my 
+moll kind Friend? But what now? Are you going 
+away? Will you not keep your Word ! Did you not 
+promife to explain all the Images in the fabulous Pan¬ 
+theon ? 
+
+M Never trouble yourfdf; what I undertake I 
+will furely perform. But would you have us flay here 
+all Day without our Dinner ? Let us dine, and we will 
+foon return again to our Bufinefs. Come, you fhall 
+dine with me in my Houfe. 
+
+P. Excufe me. Sir j I will not give you that Trouble, 
+
+I had rather dine at my own Inn. 
+
+M. What do you talk of Trouble? I know no Per- 
+fon, whole Company is more obliging and grateful. 
+Let us go, I fay: You arc not your own Mailer To¬ 
+day. Obey then. 
+
+P, I do fo$ I wait upon you. 
+
+
+
+PART; 
+
+
+
+“Pi ATT 
+
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+
+
+C II A P. I. 
+
+Of the Terreftrial Deities. 
+
+
+SECT. I. 
+
+
+Saturn, his Image, Family, and 
+
+Actions, 
+
+
+r ew 
+
+€ <N> 
+
+
+O W certainly, fince we have dined fo 
+^ well, you will fpeak, and I {hall mind 
+better. Come on : Whereabouts will 
+
+
+^ ^ a? y ou ^ ave me J°°k • 
+
+,,j Ad. Look upon the Wall on the 
+Right-hand; becaufe it will be ill 
+Luck to begin from the Left: Upon that Wall, 
+which is the fecond Part of the Pantheon , as well as 
+of our Difcourfe, you fee the Tcrrejlrial Deities divided 
+into two Sorts ; for fomeof them inhabit both the Ci¬ 
+ties and the Fields indifferently, and are called in ge¬ 
+neral a the Perrcjirial Gods: Rut the others live only in 
+the Countries and the Woods, and are properly cal- 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+s 3 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+led a the Gods of the Woods* We will begin with the 
+in Pc. 
+
+Of the TcrreJlrialGods (which are fo called, becaufe 
+their Habitation is in the Earth) the mod: celebrated 
+are Saturn j Janus , Vulcan , JEolus^ and Mamas. The 
+Terr efi rial Goddejfs are Vcjla^ Cybele y Ceres , the Muje^ 
+and Themis ; they are equal in Number to the Cele- 
+ftial Gods and Goddeiles. We will begin with the 
+elded', Saturn , whofe Image you fee there. 
+
+P . Is that decrepid, wrinkled, old Man b Saturn , 
+with a long Beard, a hoary Plead ? PIIs Shoulders are 
+bowed like an Arch, and his Jaws are hollow and 
+thin 5 his Eyes are full of Corruption, and his Cheeks 
+funk, his Nofe flat, his Forehead full of Furrows, his 
+Chin turning up, his Lips black and blue, his little 
+Ears flagging, and his Hands crooked ; c his right 
+Hand holds a nifty Scythe, and his left Hand a Child, 
+which he is about to devour. 
+
+lid. It is indeed Saturn , the Son of Terra (or Vejla) 
+and Caelum^ d Ccelus , or Caelzus , c who was the Son of 
+/Ether and Dies , and the ancienteft of all the Gods. 
+This Cesium (according to the Story) married his own 
+Daughter Vejla , and begat many Children of her, the 
+mod eminent of which was Saturn^ whofe Brothers 
+we re the Cyclop s 7 Oceanus , Titan , f the h u n d red-handed 
+Giants, and divers others ; his Sifters were Ceres , Tctbys> 
+zndOps, or Rhea (whom he afterwards married.) The 
+Sifters perfuaded their Mother Vejla to exclude Titan 
+or Thames^ the deleft Son, and to appoint Saturn Heir 
+of Iiis Father’s Kingdom. When Titan faw the fixed 
+Resolution of bis Mother and Sifters, he would not 
+
+
+
+a Dii astern iylveflres rare tantum &• in fylvis degunt. 
+n 7 - dineid. c Martian, apnd Lilium Gyrald. 
+
+d Grace dicitur c Nonn. lib. 21. Dionyf. Lad. 
+
+Placid, in Thebaid. I. 6. f Cenu'man u 
+
+
+ftrivc 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 139 
+
+ftriv’e again ft the Stream, but voluntarily quitted his 
+Right, and transferred it upon Saturn , under Condi¬ 
+tion, that he fhould not bring up any Male Children* 
+that fo, after Saturn's Death, the Kingdom might re¬ 
+turn to the Children of Titan . 
+
+P. Did Saturn accept that Condition ? 
+
+M- He not only accepted, but finccrely kept it, 
+whilft he could ; but at laft his Defign was prevented : 
+For when his Wife Ops perceived that her Hufband de¬ 
+voured ali her Male Children, when fhe brought forth 
+the Twins, 'Jupiter and Juno , fhe fent only Juno to 
+him, but fent Jupiter to be nurfed in Mount Ida , by 
+the Pricftefles of Cybcle , who were called Curetes , or 
+Corybantes . It was their Cuftom to beat Drums and 
+Cymbals, while the Sacrifices were offered up, and the 
+Noife of them hindered Saturn from hearing the Cries 
+of Jupiter. By the fame Trick file alfo faved Neptune 
+and Pluto from her devouring Hufband. 
+
+P. Was this Artifice ever difeovered to Saturn? 
+
+M. Yes ; and he demanded the Boy of Ops ; but 
+Ops wrapped up a Stone in Swaddling cloaths, and deli¬ 
+vered that to her Hufband, to be devoured inftead of 
+Jupiter , and Saturn fwallowed it down in a Moment. 
+
+P. What did Titan do, when he faw himfelf cheated, 
+and the Agreement broken ? 
+
+M. To revenge the Injury done to him, he railed 
+Forces, and brought them againft Saturn , and, making 
+both him and Rhea Prifoners, he bound them, and {hut 
+them up together in u Hell, where they lay, till Jupiter , 
+a few Years after, overcame the Titans , and fet his Fa¬ 
+ther and Mother again at Liberty. 
+
+P. I fuppofe that Saturn remembered this Kindnefs, 
+and favoured Jupiter afterwards. 
+
+M. On the contrary, he ftrove to take away his 
+Life, b becaufe he heard by an Oracle, that he fhould 
+
+
+a In Tar taro, b Enn, in Euemero* 
+
+be 
+
+
+s 3 8 Qf t? je Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+led a the Gods of the TVoods. We will begin with the 
+fir ft* 
+
+Of the Ter ref rial Gods (which are fo called, bccaufe 
+their Habitation is in the Earth) the moft celebrated 
+are Saturn , Janus , Vulcan , SEolus y and Mourns. The 
+'Terr eft rial Goddejfes are Vejla , Cybele , Ceres ^ the Mufe^ 
+and Themis ; they are equal in Number to the Cele- 
+ftial Gods and Goddefles- We will begin with the 
+eldeft, Saturn ,• whole Image you fee there. 
+
+Is that decrepid, wrinkled, old Man b 
+with a long Beard, a hoary Head ? His Shoulders are 
+bowed like an Arch, and his Jaws are hollow and 
+thin 5 his Eyes are full of Corruption, and his Cheeks 
+funk, his Nofe flat, his Forehead full of Furrows, his 
+Chin turning up, his Lips black and blue, his little 
+Ears flagging, and his Hands crooked ; c his right 
+Hand holds a rufty Scythe, and his left Hand a Child, 
+which he is about to devour. 
+
+H 4 . It is indeed Saturn , the Son of Terra (or Veft a) 
+and Caelum? <! Ccelus , or Caclius , c who was the Son of 
+/Ether and Dies? and the ancientcft of all the Gods. 
+This Caelum (according to the Story) married his own 
+Daughter Vejla? and begat many Children of her, the 
+moft eminent of which was Saturn? whofe Brothers 
+were the Cyclops, Oceantis , Titan? f the hundred-handed 
+Giants, and divers others; his Sifters were Ceres? Tetbys, 
+an 6 Ops? or Rhea (whom he afterwards married.) The 
+Sifters pevfuaded their Mother Vejla to exclude Titan 
+or Thames? the deleft Son, and to appoint Saturn Heir 
+of his Father’s Kingdom. When Titan faw the fixed 
+Refolution of his Mother and Sifters, he would not 
+
+
+a Dii zutem fylveflres rare tan turn So in /ylvis degunt. 
+h Tirg. 7. yEneid. c Martian, apnd Lilium GyraJd. 
+d Grace die it ur J^caoq. c Noun. lib. zi. Dionyf. Lad. 
+
+Placid, in Thebaid. I. 6 . f Centimanh 
+
+
+ft rive 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 139 
+
+
+ftrive againft the Stream, but voluntarily quitted his 
+Right, and transferred it upon Saturn , under Condi¬ 
+tion, that he fhould not bring up any Male Children, 
+that fo, after Saturn’s Death, the Kingdom might re¬ 
+turn to the Children of "Titan. 
+
+P. Did Saturn accept that Condition ? 
+
+
+M- He not only accepted, but fmcerely kept it, 
+■whilft he could ; but at laft his Defign was prevented : 
+For when his Wife Ops perceived that her Hufband de¬ 
+voured all her Male Children, when fhe brought forth 
+the Twins, 'Jupiter and Juno , fhe fent only Juno to 
+him, but fent Jupiter to be nurfed in Mount Ida , by 
+the Pricftefles of Cybele , who were called Guretes , or 
+Corybantes. It was their Cuftom to beat Drums and 
+Cymbals, while the Sacrifices were offered up, and the 
+Noife of them hindered Saturn from hearing the Cries 
+of ‘Jupiter. By the fame Trick fhe alfo faved Neptune 
+and Pluto from her devouring Hufband. 
+
+P. Was this Artifice ever difeovered to Saturn? 
+
+
+M. Yes ; and he demanded the Boy of Ops ; but 
+Ops wrapped up a Stone in Swaddling- deaths, and deli¬ 
+vered that to her Hufband, to be devoured inftead of 
+Jupiter , and Saturn fwallowed it down in a Moment. 
+
+P. What did Titan do, when he faw himfelf cheated* 
+and the Agreement broken ? 
+
+M. To revenge the Injury done to him, he railed 
+Forces, and brought them againft Saturn , and, making 
+both him and Rhea Prifoners, he bound them, and fhut 
+them up together in a Hell , where they lay, till Jupiter * 
+a few Years after, overcame the Tita?is , and fet his Fa¬ 
+ther and Mother again at Liberty. 
+
+P . I fuppofe that Saturn remembered this Kindnefs* 
+and favoured Jupiter afterwards. 
+
+M. On the contrary, he ftrove to take away his 
+Life, b becaufe he heard by an Oracle, that he fhould 
+
+
+a In Tar taro, b Enn. in Euemero. 
+
+
+
+
+1 4.-0 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+be driven out of his Kingdom by a Son, as in Reality 
+he was afterwards : For Jupiter depofed him from the 
+Throne, and expelled him from the Kingdom, be- 
+caufe he had confpired to take a way his Life. 3 Befides 
+when he found Saturn almoft drunk with Mead, 
+he bound him and gelt him, as Saturn had gelt his 
+.Father Caelum before with his Sickle. 
+
+jP. And whither did Saturn go after he had loft his 
+Kingdom ? 
+
+A/I. Into Italy , b which was anciently called Satur- 
+Ilia from him. He lived there with King Janus $ and 
+that Part of Italy , in which he lay hid, was afterwards 
+called Latinm , and the People Latini^ as c Ovid ob- 
+ferves. King Janus made Saturn Partner of his King¬ 
+dom ; upon which (1 Saturn reduced the wild People (who 
+wandered up and down before like Beafts) to civil Soci¬ 
+ety, and joined them to each other, as it were, in Chains 
+of Brafs , that is, by the Braf-Adcncy 'which he'invented; 
+and therefore, on one Side of the Money was ftamped 
+a Ship, c becaufe Saturn came thither in a Ship ; and, 
+oh the other Side, was ftam.ped a Janus Bifrons . But, 
+although the Money was Brafs , f yet this was the Gol¬ 
+den Age, in which Saturn lived, when (as s the Poets, 
+who magnify the Happinefs of that Age, would per- 
+fuade us) the Earth, without the Labour of ploughing 
+
+a Statius 3 Thebiid. Claud, i. de Raptu Proferpina;. 
+b Virg. lEn. S. Cyprian de Idolorum Vanirate. 
+c Inde din Genii manjit Salami a norncti : 
+
+Di&a fuit Latinm terra, latente Deo . Fad. 1 . l« 
+
+The Name Saturnia thence this Land did bear. 
+
+And Latin:n too, becaufe he fhelter’d here. 
+
+* Diodor. 1. 5 . Biblioth. 
+
+c At bona pojlcritas pup pintfgnavit in are, 
+
+Hofpitis adventum tcjlijicata Dei . ,Ovid. Faft. 1 . 3, 
+A Ship by th’ following Age was ftamp’d on Coin, 
+To Ihevv they once a God did entertain. 
+f Virg. 1. Georg. s Vide Tibull. Hefiod. Pherecrat. 
+Trog. ap. Judin. 1 . 41. Martial. I. 12. Epigr. 73. 
+
+.and 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 14 1 
+
+and fowing brought forth its Fruits, and all Things 
+were common to all 5 there were no Differences nor 
+Contentions amongft any, for every Thing happened 
+according to every body’s Mind. ;t Virgil hath given 
+an elegant Defcription of this happy Age in the 8th 
+Book of his /Eneids . b Ovid likewife defcribes it 3 and 
+« Vircril again in another Place. 
+
+
+2 Primus ab anhereo we nit Saturnus Glympo, 
+
+Jlrmci Jowlsfugiens, regnis exul adcmptis* 
+
+Js genus indocile ac difperjum montibus altis 
+Compofuit , legefque dcdit . Lai i unique wo cars 
+Maluit , bis quoniam latuijjet tutus in oris : 
+
+Jlureaque , ut perhibent, illo fub regcfuet e 
+Specula, Jic placida pcpulos in pace regc bat. 
+
+Then Saturn came, who fled the Pow’rs of Jove, 
+
+Robb’d of his Realms and banilh’d from above : 
+
+The Men difpers’d on Hills to Town he brought,. 
+
+The laws ordain’d, and civil Cufloms taught. 
+
+And Latium call’d the Land, where fafe he lay 
+From his unduteous Son, and his ufurping Sway : 
+
+With his wild Empire Peace and Plenty came; 
+
+And hence the Golden Limes deriv’d their Name. 
+
+0 Signabat millo limite fcjfor bumum . Jlnwr. /. j, 
+
+The Delver made nor Pound, nor Balk. 
+c Nec Jig a are quidem ant partin' limit e campum 
+
+Fas erat, Georg. 1. S. 
+
+No Fences, parted Fields, no Marks, nor Bounds 
+DiflinguiiTPd Acres of litigious Ground. 
+
+
+SECT. II. Navies of S a t u r. n. 
+
+* 
+
+]\yf ANY derive the Name Saturnus (or Satunnus , 
+as they anciently pronounced it) a from Sozving? 
+becaufehe ffrft taught the Art of Sozving and Tilling the 
+Ground in Italy ; and therefore he wasdieemed the God 
+
+
+a Saturnus didtus eft a Satu* ficut a Portu Portunus, & a 
+Xjtu Neptunus. Feflus, Servius in 7. ./Eneid. Lipf. 3. Sa- 
+. nirnal. 
+
+
+
+1 
+
+
+2 
+
+
+
+
+O f the Gods of the "Heathens* 
+
+
+of Hufb an dry , and called by the Romans Stercutrus , be¬ 
+caufe he firft fattened the Earth with Dung : He is 
+therefore painted with a Sickle with which the Mea¬ 
+dows are mowed, and the Corn is cut down. This 
+Sickle was thrown into Sicily , and there fell within a 
+City, which was formerly called Trepanum , and fmcc 
+‘Trcpano from a thence: Though others affirm, that this 
+City had its Name b from that Sickle which Ceres had 
+from Vulcan , and gave the Titans when fhe taught them 
+to mow. But others fay, the Town had its Name, be- 
+caufe it was crooked and hollow, like a Sickle. Indeed 
+Sicily is fo fruitful in Corn and Failure, that the Poets 
+juftly imagined that the Sickle was kept there. 
+
+2. Again, Saturnus is derived from that C -Fulncfs 
+which is the Effect of his Bounty when he fils the 
+Bellies of the People with Proviiions ; as his Wife was 
+called Ops, <l becaufe fie helps the Hungry. Others af¬ 
+firm, that he is called Saturn , c becaufe he is fatisfid 
+with the Tears that he devours; for Saturn and Twit 
+are the fame. 
+
+3. Laftly, others think that this Name is given him, 
+becaufe he is f the Former of the Mind ; becaufe he cre¬ 
+ates Senfe and Underftanding in the Minds of Men, 
+and perfects them with Precepts and Prudence. 
+
+
+a Falx, enim Grace dicitur Apsiravoy, ApoIIod. 1 . 4. Ar- 
+g°n. 
+
+b Ovid. Faftorum. 
+
+c A Saturando, quafi faturet populos annona. 
+a Quod Efurientibus opem ferat. 
+
+c Quod ipfe faturctur annis quos ipfe devorat. Cicero z. 
+de Nat. Deorum. 
+
+f Saturnus quafi fator id eft, qui mciUem, fenfumque 
+creat. Apollophan. apud Fulgentium. 
+
+
+SECT, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+* IN' 
+v \ 
+
+
+M3 
+
+
+SECT. III. "The Sacrifices and Fefiivals ? 
+
+Saturnalia. 
+
+M E N only were facriiiced to Saturn , becaufe he 
+
+was delighted, as they thought, with human 
+Blood \ wherefore the Gladiators were placed under 
+his Protection, and fought at his Feafts. a The Ro¬ 
+mans efteemed him an infernal God, as Plutarch fays, 
+becaufe the Planet Saturn is malignant and hurtful 5 
+yet he is commonly reckoned a Terreftrial God. Thofe 
+who facrificed to him had their Heads bare, and his 
+Prietts wore fcarlet Garments. On his Altar were 
+placed wax Tapers lighted, becaufe by Saturn Men 
+were reduced from the Darknefs of Error to the Light 
+of Truth. 
+
+The Feafts b Saturnalia^ in the Greek Language 
+Kpn*, [Cronia] were inftituted either by Tidlus , King 
+of the Romans , or, if we believe Livy , by Semprcmus 
+and Minutius , the Confuls. c Till the Time of 'Julius 
+Catfar they were finiihed in one Day, on the Nineteenth 
+of December ; but then they began to be celebrated in 
+three Days, and afterwards in four or five, by the Order 
+of Caligula; And fome write, that they havelafted fever* 
+Days \ and from hence they called thefe Days d the firft, 
+the fecond, and the third Fefiivals of Saturn, &c. And 
+when thefe Days were added to the Feaft, the firft Day 
+of celebrating it was the Seventeenth of Deceinber . 
+
+Upon c thefe Feftival Days, 1. The Senate did not 
+fit, 2. The Schools kept Holy-day. 3. Prefents were 
+feat to and fro amongft Friends. 4. It was unlawful to 
+
+
+a Macrob. 1. Saturnal. c. 10. Tertull. de Teftimon. Anim. 
+h de Pallio. b Dion. Halicarn. L 2. c Lipf. Sat. 1. Dio. 
+1 . 59 & 60. Suet, in Calig. Cicero ad Attic. 13. Epifr. 30. 
+J Primn, fecunda tertia, Saturnalia. e Martial. 7 Epigr. 27. 
+Plin. 8. Ep. 7. Mart, pafiim Dio. !. 58. A then. 14. Sen. £p. 
+
+proclaim 
+
+
+
+144 Of the Gods of the Heathens , 
+
+proclaim War, or execute any Offenders. 5. Servants 
+were allowed to be jocofe and merry towards their 
+Mailers 5 as we learn from a Aufonius . 6. Nay, the 
+Mailers waited on the Servants, who fat at Table, in 
+Memory of that Liberty which all enjoyed in ancient 
+Times in Saturn s Reign, when there was no Servi¬ 
+tude. 7. Contrary to the Cuflom, b they wafhed them 
+as foon as they arofe, as if they were about fitting 
+down to Table. 8. And laftly, c they put on a certain 
+Kcftival Garment, called Synthejis , like a Cloak ofPur- 
+pie or Scarlet Colour, and this Gentlemen only wore. 
+
+il Aurea nunc re*uocct Saturni Fcfta Dece?nber; 
+
+Nunc tibi cum Domino lacier e 9 t verna 9 licet . Eel. de Men, 
+
+DeLimbir now brings Saturn s merry Feafts, 
+
+When Mailers bear their fportive Servants Jells. 
+b Tertul. apud Lipf. c Petron. Arbiter. 
+
+
+SECT. IV. 'The Hiflorical Senfe of the Fable. 
+
+By Saturn is meant JNoah 0 
+
+
+A Lthough it is generally faid, that* Saturn was Nun- 
+
+rod , the Founder of theEmpire of Babylon, yeti am 
+more inclined to believe the Opinion of b Bochartu 
+who maintains that Saturn and Noah were the fame. 
+Thefe Reafons, which he brings, feems perfuafive. 
+
+I. In the Time of Noah c the whole Earth fpake one 
+Language ; and the ancient Mythologijls fay, that the 
+Bealls underflood this Language. And it is faid, ‘‘that 
+in Saturn’s Age there was but one Language, which was 
+common to Men and Brutes. 
+
+2. Noah is called, in the Hebrew Language, 0 a Man 
+of the Earth ; that is, an Hujbandman , according to the 
+ufual Phrafe of Scripture, which calls a Soldier * a Man 
+of JVar; a flrong Man, s a Man of the Anns\ a Mur- 
+
+
+r * Berofus, 1 , 3- b Bochart. in fuo Phaleg. 1 . 1. c. 
+
+3. Genefis xi. c Plato in Politicis. d Vir terra?, Genefis 
+ix. 20. e Jofh. v. 4. f Job. xxii'. 8. s Vir Brachiorum. 
+
+defer. 
+
+
+
+*• , 
+
+1 A 
+
+1 
+
+4 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 145 
+
+derer, a a Mail of Blood ; an Orator, b a Man of T'Vords ; 
+and a Shepherd, *■ a Man of Cattle, Now Saturn is 
+juflly called a Man of the Earthy becaufe he married 
+Tcllus 5 -whole other Names were Rhea and Ops. 
+
+3. As Noah was the firft Planter of Sincyards, fo the 
+
+Art of cultivating Vines and Fields is attributed to 
+
+Saturn s Invention. 
+
+4. As Noah was once overcome with Wine, becaufe 
+perhaps he never experienced the Strength of it before ; 
+
+: c fo the Saturnalians did frequently drink exetilively, 
+becaufc Saturn protc£ted drunken Men. 
+
+> 5. As Noah curfcd his Son Ham , becaufc he faw his 
+
+Father's Nakednefs with Delight ; f Saturn made a 
+Law, that whofoever faw the Gods naked fliould be 
+puniflied. 
+
+6. Plato fays g that Saturn and his TVife Rhea, and 
+ihofe with them, rue re born of Ocean us and Thetis : And 
+thus AWZ?, and all that were with him, were as it were 
+new born out of the Waters of the Deluge, by the 
+Help of the Ark* And if a Ship was ftamped upon the 
+ancient Coins, h becaufe Saturn came into Italy in a 
+
+' Ship; furely this Honour belonged rather to North , 
+who in a Ship preferved the Race of Mankind from 
+utter Definition. 
+
+7. Did Noah foretel the Coming of the Flood P So 
+
+• did Saturn foretel 1 that there fliould be great Ffjtan- 
+
+* _. — — - * 1 , _ • . — 
+
+
+2 2 Sam. xvi. 17. b Exod. x. c Gen. xlvi. 22. d Alt- 
+rcl Victor, de Origine Gentis Romans. c Macrob. Satur- 
+nal. 1 . c. 6. Lucian, in Ep. Sat. f Callimachus in Hymn. 
+e K porog k} Pico o&ot (a.stcI tovtuv, &c. id eft, Saturn us So 
+Rhea Sc qui cum illis fuere ex Oceano Sc Thctide nati per- 
+hibentur. Plato in 1 irnzeo. il Plutarch, in ' Pui/~&iCv.'j?e. 
+
+K{''vo<; mg’cxrvptciivEtv YcfsoBcct '8J?.%&os'o(s*(3pcJv 9 See, id eft, Saturn us 
+pra:nunciat magnam imbrium vim futuram, & fabricanaam 
+efiearcam, & in ea cum volucribus, reptilibus, atquejumen¬ 
+tis efle navigandum. * Alex. Polyhiftor, apud Cyril, contra 
+
+Julian. 1. r, 
+
+% 
+
+L 
+
+
+r 
+
+
+titles 
+
+
+
+*4 6 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+titles of Rain , and an Ark built , in which Men, and Birdu 
+and creeping Things Jhould all fail together. 
+
+8. Saturn is laid to have devoured all his Sons, but 
+thefe three, f up iter , Neptune, and Pluto . So AW;, 
+the Paftor and Prophet, and as it were the Father of 
+all Mortals, may be faid to have condemned and de¬ 
+ftroyed all Men, u becaufe he foretold that they would 
+be deftroyed in the Flood. For, in the Scripture- 
+Phrafe, the Prophets are faid to do the Thing which thy 
+foretel Jhall be done hereafter . Thus when the b Prophet 
+lays, tv ben I came to dejlroy the City % he means, when l 
+came to foretell that the City floould be defrayed. But as 
+Saturn had three Sons left to him not devoured; fo 
+had Noah three, Scm 7 Chain, and .Japhet 7 who were not 
+deftroyed in the Flood. 
+
+Furthermore, thefe Reafons may perfuade us that 
+Noah's Son Cham is Jupiter: i. Plis Hebrew Name 
+Plain is by many called Cham, from whence it is plain, 
+“She Egyptians had the Name dfk'j [ Amonn ] and the A- 
+fricans, Ammon or Hammon. 2. Cham was theyoungeft 
+Son of Noah, as Jupiter was of Saturn . 3. Jupiter is • 
+
+feigned to be c Lord of the Heavens \ thus Cham had A 
+frica , which Country is efteemed nearer the Heavens ; 
+than other Countries, becaufe it has the Planets vertical, ' 
+4. Jupiter gelded his Father,, which Stones feem to be ; 
+taken from the twenty-fecond Verfe of the ninth? 
+Chapter o tGencfis, where it is written, And Ham few \ 
+
+the Neke chiefs of his Father, and cold ; or, and cut off f \ 
+for fo it might, by Miftake, be read in the Ilebnv)\ 
+Tongue, by altering only one or two Vowels. j 
+
+Japhcl is the fame with Neptune 3 c for as Neptunt \ 
+had the Command of the Sea, fo the Ifands and Lem* j 
+field's fell chiefly to Jap bet's Lot. 
+
+
+
+a Hebrews xi. 7. b Eaek. xliii. 2. * c Callimach. Hynin.,1 
+nd Jovem. Lucan. 2. 9. d Et nuncia-uit , vajagged, pro quo^ 
+facile legi potuit vejaggod, id eft, abfeidit ; turn maxintfj 
+cum vocalia pun£ta nulladum eratu fublciipca confonanlibus»| 
+
+c Laclantius de faiia Religione, 1 . 1. c. 1* 
+
+But 
+
+
+
+
+Buthowfhall we prove thatS*»2 was Pluto? What 
+carried him into Hell ? Not his Piety and Holinefs, by 
+which he excelled his Brothers, and glorified his own- 
+Name ; But, perhaps, becaufe he was fo holy, and fo 
+p-reat an Enemy to Idolatry, the Idolaters hated him 
+vvhilft he lived, and endeavoured to blacken his Memo¬ 
+
+
+ry when he died, by fending him to the Stygian Dark- 
+nefs, and putting into his Hand the Sceptre of Hell. 
+
+
+S E C X V. A Philofophical Senfe of the 
+
+Fable . Saturn, Time. 
+
+T HE Grech a Words fignifying Saturn and "Time 
+
+differ only in one Letter ; from whence it is 
+plain, that, by Saturn , Pune may be meant. And, on 
+this Account, b Saturn is painted devouring his Chil¬ 
+dren, and vomiting them up again ; as indeed Time de¬ 
+vours and confumcs all Things which it has produced, 
+which at length revive again, and are as it were re¬ 
+newed. 
+
+Orelfe, Days, Months, and Years are the Children 
+of Time, which he conftantly devours and produces a - 
+new*. 
+
+Sometimes he is painted in the Midi! betwixt two 
+young Boys and two Girls -> and Tune is furrounded 
+by the different Seafons of the Year, as Parents are by 
+their Children. 
+
+Laftly, as Saturn has his Scythe , fo has Tune too, 
+with which he mows down all Things ; neither can 
+the hardeft Adamant withftand the Edge thereof. 
+
+
+a Kp-froj, Saturnus, xpovos Tempus. 
+
+b Cicero z. de Nat. Orph. in Hymn, ad Saturn. JEfchyl. 
+in Eumen, 
+
+
+L 2 
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+% 
+
+
+148 Of the Gods of the Heathenst 
+
+
+CHAP. 'll. 
+
+SECT. I. Janus, his Image . 
+
+
+P0 f~\ Strange !• What is this ? An image with two 
+
+Faccs, and one Plead only ! 
+
+
+H 4 f. It is fo ; and by thofe f'aces he fees the Things 
+placed both before and behind him. It is '"(amis the 
+two-faced God \ holding a Key in his Right-hand, 
+and a Rod in his Left. Beneath his Feet you foe 
+twelve Altars. If he could lay afide that Rod and 
+Key, perhaps, according to his Cuftom, he would ex- 
+prcls to you the Number Three-Hundred with one 
+Hand, and the Number Sixty-Five by the other 5 by 
+differently moving, bending, and weaving his Fingers. 
+P. I do not thoroughly underftand your Meaning, 
+M. You will presently clearly and perfectly under¬ 
+ftand both what 1 fay, and what you fee with your Eyes. 
+Stay a little, till I explain the Four in oft remarkable 
+Names of this God : For, in fo doing, I fhall not only 
+explain this Picture, but alfo tell you whatever Things 
+arc neceftary concerning Janus in this Place. 
+
+
+a Bifrons Deus, Ovid.- 
+
+SEC T. II. Names and Adi ions of Janus. 
+
+S OME a fay that Janus was the Son of Cashs and 
+Hecate : And that his Name was given him b from 
+a Word figniTying to go or pals through. From whence 
+it is , that c Thoroughfares are called , in the Plural Num- 
+
+
+a Arnob. cont. Gentes. b Janus quafi Ganns abeuvdc . 
+c Unde fit, ut tranfitiones perviae Jani (plurali numero) fo¬ 
+re bue in liminibusprofanarum tedium januas dicer entur.. Cic. 
+2. do Nat. 3. 
+
+
+
+pl.m 
+
+
+Pqqe z4-8 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+Of the Gods of the Heathens . *49 
+
+
+i f Tani \ and the Gates before the Doors of private 
+jjhufeSi januse. A Place at JZmw* was called >' am 3 
+a where were three Images of 'Janus : hi this Place 
+Ufuivrs and Creditors always met to pay and receive 
+Money- And this Place is mentioned both by b Tally 
+
+
+and c Horace. • . 
+
+he is painted with two Faces, fo he is called by 
+
+Pifl d Bifrons , and by OwV fc Biceps,: Becaufe, fo 
+rrreat was his Prudence, that he faw both the Things 
+pair, and thofe which were future. Or, elfe, becaufe 
+by Ja?ius the World was thought to be meant, view¬ 
+ing‘with its two Faces the principal Quarters of it, the 
+Eaft and Wed: He is alfo deferibed f zvithjour Faces , 
+from the four Quarters of the World-; becaufe he go¬ 
+verns them by his Counfel and Authority. Orbecaufe, 
+as he is Lord of the Day, with his two Faces, he ob- 
+ferves both the Morning and the Evening ; as s Horace 
+
+
+fays. 
+
+When Romulus , King of the Romans > made a League 
+with Tail us. King of ihe Sabines, they fet up an Image 
+o Vjanus Bifons , intended thereby, to reprefent h both 
+Nations, between which the Peace was concluded, 
+
+a Acron. in Horat. 1. 2 . Sat. 8 . b Viri optimi.ad me¬ 
+dium [anurn fedentes. Cicero de Ofiic. 2 . Dempiler. in Pa- 
+ralip. c Imus So fummus Janus. Horat. 1. 1. ep. 1 . fl Virg. 
+12 iEncid. 
+
+L ' Jane Biceps anni facile labenils imago> 
+
+Solus de fipsris , qui fact terga *uideu 
+Thou, Double Pate, the fliding Year doll: /hew, 
+r i he only God that thine own Back canil view* 
+Quadrifrons. 
+
+S Matitt'me patci *, feu Jane, libenfior audit. 
+
+Unde homines eperum primes njitaeque labores 
+luftituunt —— 
+
+Old Janus, if you pleafe, grave two-fac’d Father, 
+
+•O.r elfe bright God o’the Morning, chu/eyou whether. 
+Who dat’ii the Lives and Toils of mortal Men, 
+h EfFecerunt Emulacrum Jano Bifronti quail ad imaginem 
+duorum populoram. Seivius in izA^neid. 
+
+Jj Numa 
+
+
+
+150 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+Nu?na afterwards built a Temple., which had double 
+Doors, and dedicated it to that fame "Janus . When 
+Falifcl , a City of Heiruria , was taken, a an 
+
+Image of Janus found ivhhfour Faces ; whereupon the 
+Temple of Janus had four Gates. But of that Tem¬ 
+ple we fhall fpeak by and by. 
+
+He was called 'Turnkey , or Club-bearer? [Claviger} 
+from the and j&yi in his Hands. He held the 
+Rod, becaufe he was the b Guardian cf the TVciys\ and 
+the Keys, for thefe Reafons : 
+
+1. He was the Inventer of Locks, Doors, and Gates, 
+which are called Jamice? after his Name \ and himfclf 
+is called c Janitor , becaufe Doors were under his Pro- 
+ted! ion. 
+
+2. He is the Janitor of the Year, and of all the 
+Month* ? the firfE of which takes the Name of January 
+from him. To Juno belong the Calends of the Months, 
+and {he committed them to his Care, wherefore he is 
+called by fome Junonius , and <] Martial takes Notice, 
+that the Government of the Year was committed to him; 
+for which Reafon, c twelve Altars were dedicated to him, 
+according to the Number of the Months 5 as there were 
+alfo twelve fmall Chapels in his Temple. f The Con- 
+fids were, among the Romans? inaugurated in the Tem¬ 
+ple of Janus , who were from thence faid s to open the 
+Tear . Upon the Calends of January (and as Macroom 
+fays on the Calends of March) a new Laurel was hung 
+
+
+a Captis Falifcis inventum eft fimulacrum jani Quadri- 
+frontis, Servius in 7. ^Eneid. b Redior viarum. Lil. Gyr. 
+- c Gra:ce GupuToz* 
+
+d aI nnerum , vitidique fatcr pttlcherritne mundi. 
+
+Gay Founder of the World, and of our Years. 
+
+Mari . 1 . 10. Epigy- 28. 
+e Van lib. Human. Sidon. Apollin. Carm. 7. 1. Sat. 
+c. 12. f Sidon. ibid. sAperire annum. Vide Lexicogr. 
+
+upon 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . i % x 
+
+•upon the Statue of Janus 9 and the old Laurel taken 
+away 5 of which Cuftom a Ovid makes mention. 
+
+P. Was this done, becaufe he was the Inventer of 
+Laurel Garlands ? 
+
+M . Pliny thought not. but believed this Cuftom was 
+occafioned, becaufe Janus rules over the Year ; b The 
+Statue , fays he, of Jan us, which was dedicated by Numa, 
+bad its Fingers jo cotnpofed , to Jignify the Number of 
+Three'hundred' Jixty-five Days \ to Jheiv that Janus was cl 
+God , by his Knowledge in the Year , .and Thne and Ages . 
+c He had not thefe Figures deferibed on his Hand, but 
+had a peculiar Way of numbering them, by bending, 
+ftretching, or mixing his Fingers , of which Numera¬ 
+tion many are the Opinions of Authors. 
+
+3. He holds a Key in his Hand, becaufe he is, as it 
+were, the fl Door through which the Prayers of Mankind 
+have Accefs to the Gods. For, in all the Sacrifices, 
+Prayers were firft offered up to Janus . And If anus him- 
+felf gives the fame Reafon, c as we find in Ovid y why* 
+before Men facrificed to any of the other Gods, they 
+firft rfWc'o Sacrifice to him. Rut Fefius gives another 
+
+
+• « •* 
+
+
+a Lanrea Fland ;ii busquee loto perfiitit a?vno y 
+
+Tcl/itur , & frondes funt in hot?., re nova:. Fall. I. 3. 
+
+The Laurel, that the former Year did- gface, 
+
+T’ a frefh and verdant Garland yields his Place. 
+b Qnod Janus Geminus aNuma Rege dicatus digitis ha 
+iiguratis ut trecentorum quinquaginta quinqne (fexaginta 
+quinque alii legunt) dierum nota, per fignificationem anni, 
+temporis. Sc asvi, fe Deum ihdicaret. Piinius, Vide etiam 
+Athen. L 34. c. 7. & Lil. Gyr. c Tiraq. Lil. Gyr* Apu«> 
+leii 2. Apol. See, d Arnob. contra (Rentes. 
+
+Cur quemvis aliorum nutnina placem 9 
+Jane , tibi primzmi thura merunique fero P 
+Vi poffis adit urn per me, qui limit: a fervo , 
+
+Ad quojeunque voles, inquit , habere deos* Ovid, Fall. 1 . U 
+Why is’t that, tho’’ I other Gods adore, 
+
+I firft mu ft Janus ? Deity implore ? 
+
+Becaufe I hold the Door, by which Accefs 
+Is had to any God you would addrefs. 
+
+L 4 
+
+
+Reafon 
+
+
+152 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+Rcafon why Prayers and Sacrifices were, in the firft 
+Place, offered to 'Jama \ to wit, hecaufe Men thought that 
+all Things took, their Seine; from '} 'anus- therefore thev 
+iirie made their Supplications to him as to a common 
+Father. For though the Name :l Father is given to ail 
+the Gods, yet 'Janus v/as particularly called by this 
+Name. Ke firft built Temples and Altars, b and infti- 
+
+
+
+offered to any other Deity . Frankincenfe was never of¬ 
+fered to him, though Ovid mentions it in the Vcrfes 
+adjoined, which therefore he infers either by Poetical 
+Liccnfe, or only in refpeft to the Sacrifices which were 
+in ufe in his Time. For as d Pliny writes, ’They did not 
+facrifiee with Frankincenfe in the Times of the ‘ Trojans , 
+Neither does Homer in the leait mention Frankincenfe 
+in any Place, where he fpeaks concerning Sacrifices; 
+which fo ex aft an Author would never have omitted, if 
+it had been in ufe. Neither do I find a Greek Word 
+that properly figniiies Thus ; for S vou 9 [ T'hnon ] or S««, 
+\T'huio?i~\ fignifies not only Thus , but any odoriferous 
+Smell. He was alfo called Patulcius and Chiftus , or 
+Patulacius and Clujius \ from c opening and /hutting \ for 
+in the Time of tine War ‘Janus’ s 'Temple was open, but 
+fhut in Time of Peace. This Temple was founded by 
+Romulus and Tint ins 9 and, as I faid before, Hu via or¬ 
+dained that it fhould be opened when the Romani 
+
+
+a Quod fucrit omnium primus a quo rerum omnium fac¬ 
+tum putabant initium : Ideo ei fupplicahant velut paienti. 
+Feilus, I. 3. in verbo Chaos. b Virg. FEneid. 8. Juvenal. 
+
+Sat; 6. Servius in 2 Georg. c Proptcreaque in Omni fa- 
+
+crificio perpetua ei prrefatioprrEmittitur, farque alli Sc vinum 
+praslibatur. Fab. Pied. 1 . 1. de Anr. Lat. d Iliads Tern- 
+poribus Thure non fupplicatum, Plin. 1 . 13. c. 1. Vide 
+Dempfh in Paivilip. e a patendo vel patefaciendo Sc clau- 
+
+dendo.. Servius in 1. /Eneid. Claud, de Hon. 6. Conf. 
+
+waged 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 153 
+
+waged War,' but fhut when they enjoyed Peace. l£ 
+is op- :> »:i Time of War, becaufe a Spring of hoc 
+.• ;ofe out of the Place v/here this Temple ftands* 
+v/hen Romulus fought with the Sabines , and forced the 
+Ericmv to march away therefore in War they opened 
+tiiat Temple, hoping for the fame or the like Aflift- 
+anc ej or, it may he, rather, a becaufe they that go to 
+War, ought to think of Peace, and wifh for a quick 
+Return into their Native Country. 
+
+Ovid mentions both thefe Names of Janus in a 
+b Dibich, and firgil defcribes c the Manner and Occa- 
+fion of opening his Temple, and the d Confequences 
+
+
+
+a Serv. in 7. AEneid. 
+
+b Nomina ride bis, moefb namque Pat nidus idem, 
+
+Et me do finer ifico Clufius ore vocor. 
+
+The Pricfl this Moment me Patulcius calls, and then 
+Ne;:t Moment me he Clufius names again. 
+c Sunt geniinai belli port re (fie nomine die unt) 
+
+Religione finer re & jd-uifor mi dine Mart is. 
+
+Centum rerei claudunt ucd/es rsiernaqueferri 
+Rob or a ; ne: cufios abfifiit limine Janus. 
+
+Has ubi cert a j'edct pat ribus font end a pugnre , 
+
+Ipje dpuirinali trabea cindluque Gabino 
+
+Lfignis, refer at Jiridentia limina C onfiul . , AEneid. 1. j „ 
+
+Two Gates of Steel (the Names of Mars they bear) 
+
+And bill are worfhipp’d with religious Fear, 
+
+, Before his Temple band ; the dire Abode 
+And the fear’d I hues of the furious God, 
+
+Are fenc’d with brazen Bolts ; without the Gates 
+The weary Guardian Janus doubly waits. 
+
+Then when the facred Senate votes the Wars, 
+
+The Roman Conful their Decree declares. 
+
+And in his Robes the founding Gates unbars. 
+d Afper a turn pefitis mitcficcnt Jrccula bellis : 
+
+Cana fides, & Fefia, Remo cum firaire Quirinus 
+Jura dab unt : dir a ferro & comp agi bus ardi is 
+Claudentur belli port re. Furor impius intus , 
+
+Smuci fedens fiuper arma, & Centura <uin dins ahenis 
+Pojt ter gum nodis, fir emit horridus ore entente . Then 
+
+
+
+
+2 £4 °f t ' he Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+of fhutting it again. It is very flrange, that within t!i e 
+Space of feven hundred Years, this Temple of Janus 
+was fhut only a thrice ; once by Numa ; the fecond 
+Time by the Confuls Marcus Attilius and Titus Man¬ 
+lius , after the Carthaginian War : And laftly, by Ail 
+gujluss after the Victory at Aoiium. 
+
+Then dire Debate, and impious War fhall ceafe 
+And the item Age be foften’d into Peace : 
+
+Then banifh’d Faith fhall once again return. 
+
+And Veflal Fires in hollow Temples burn ; 
+
+And Remits with ipuirinus fhall fuflain 
+
+The righteous Laws, and Fraud and Force reftraia. 
+Janus himfelf before his Fane fhall wait. 
+
+And keep the dreadful Iflues of his Gate 
+With Bolts and iron Bars. Within remains 
+Xmprifon’d Fury, bound in brazen Chains ; 
+
+High on a Trophy rais’d of ufelefs Anns 
+He fits, and threats the World with vain Alarms, 
+
+* Liv. 1 . 2. Orof. I. 5. cap. 12. Dio. 1 . 51; 
+
+
+SECT. III. An Explan at i on of the Fable . 
+Janus, the Emblem ^/Prudence. 
+
+WIT E majj fee in this Story of b Janus (whom feme 
+V V call AW;, fome Ogyges , fome a Prieft, a Philo¬ 
+sopher, and a Divine ; and fome an ancient King of 
+Italy 1 who was the Founder of the Town JanicuJum) 
+in this Fable of Janus we may behold, I fay, the Re- 
+prefiniation of a very prudent Perfon $ wbofe Wifdom, 
+c ’Fully fays, confifts in the Remembrance of Things pof 9 
+and in the Forefigbt of Things to come . The prudent Man 
+ought therefore to have , as it were* two Faces ; that 
+according to his natural Sagacity of Mind and Ripe- 
+nefs of Judgment, observing both Things paft and fu- 
+
+
+^Munft. 2. Cofm. 9. Fab. Pi 61 . 
+
+Tn printer! to rum Memoria & Providentia futurorum. 
+Tal. de Senedtute, 
+
+lure. 
+
+
+Of the Gads of the Heathens . 155 
+
+ture, he may he able to difcern the Caufes and Begin¬ 
+nings, the Progrefs, and, as it were, the fore-running 
+i-Vudents of ail "Things; that he may be able to draw 
+JJkenefles, to make Corriparifons, to obferve Confe- 
+G'.iences, and perceive Futurities ; and, by a v/ife Con - 
+neftion of Caufes and Events, be able to join "Tilings 
+prefent with Things to come, and Things future with 
+Things part. 
+
+The prudent Perfon has the Key of all Things : Nothing 
+is fo obfcure, that his Underftanding cannot compre¬ 
+hend ; nothing is fo fecret and private, that his Confi- 
+deration and Care cannot detcft and lay open ; nothing 
+fo hard and intricate, that his Quicknefs and Dexterity 
+cannot explain and unfold. With this Key he exa¬ 
+mines all the Ways of Bufinefs, and finds which are 
+the molt proper ; he fees the Difpofition of Times, and 
+the Exigencies of Affairs ; he removes the Difficulties 
+and the Bars that lie in his "Way ; he publiflies as much 
+as is ufeful, and conceals clofely whatfoever will be 
+hurtful to him. With this Key he lays open for him- 
+felf a Paflage into the Friendfhip of others, he infinu- 
+ates him felf into the inward Recedes of their Breafls ; 
+he learns their mod fecret Counfels, their moft referved 
+Thoughts; he refolves Myfteries,and penetrates Things 
+unknown, and reeks and finds, and views Objects the 
+mod remote from the common Senfeof the World. 
+
+Janus firft inftituted Altars, Temples, and Sacrifices. 
+Thus it is a Sign of the higheft Prudence and Under- 
+{landing to pay due Honour to the Almighty, to reve¬ 
+rence his Power, to propagate his Worfhip, and magnify 
+his Glory. And as Men offered firft to Janus in all 
+Sacrifices, becaufe of his exemplary Holinefs and Pie¬ 
+ty ; fo how much the more Worfhip Men pay to Gody 
+fo much the more Honour fhall they receive both from 
+God and Men, as the Precepts and Examples in the 
+Holy Scripture do abundantly certify. 
+
+
+CHAPc 
+
+
+
+* 5 6 
+
+CHAP. III. 
+
+SECT . L Vulcan. 
+
+p. T'VHeavens! I think I fee a Blackfmith among 
+
+the Gods. 
+
+M. Very true : He is both a Smith and a God, by 
+Name Vulcan. He has a Shop in the Iiland Lemnos\ 
+where he exercifes his Trade, and where, though he 
+is a God himfeif, he made Jupiter’s Thunder, and the 
+Arms-of the other Gods. 
+
+P. If he was a God, what Misfortune drove him to 
+the Forge, and tied him to fuch a naffy Employment? 
+
+M. His Deformity, I believe. a He was born of 
+Jupiter and Juno ; fome fay, of only; and being 
+contemptible for his Deformity, he was cart down from 
+Heaven into the Iiland Lemnos , (whence he is called 
+Leinnh's ;) he broke his Leg with the Fall, and if the 
+Lemnians had not caught him when he fell, he had-cer¬ 
+tainly broke his Neck; he has. ever fince been lame. 
+In Requital of their ICindnefs, he fixed his Scat amongft 
+them, acid fet up the Craft of a Smith ; teaching them 
+the manifold U/es of Fire and Iron ; and, from /often- 
+ing and poh/hing Iron , b he received the Name Mulct * 
+her , or Mulcifer. 
+
+This nafty deformed Smith , which you will wonder 
+to hear, obtained in Marriage the mofl beautiful God- 
+defs Venus ; and not Ions? after, when he caught her 
+anc! Mars committing Adultery, he linked them toge¬ 
+ther with Chains, and expofed them to the Laughter 
+of all the Gods. He defired mightily to marry Mi- 
+xeructy and Jupiter confented, yielding up the Virgin 
+
+
+p Phurnut. de Nat. Deor. Heflod. Lucian, de Sacrific. 
+"Virg. yEneid. 6. b a xnulcendo ferro. Vide Lucan. 
+
+h 1. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heat teens* 
+
+
+to 
+
+
+Pctpe- //>6. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+7 
+
+1 0 / 
+
+
+to the Will of this nafty Wretch. But fhe refilled 
+his Attempts, and in the Struggle his Nature fell from 
+him upon the Earth, and produced the Monfter Erich- 
+thoniits , Erich then s> or E richth aniens, who was a Boy 
+with Dragon’s P'eet; to hide the monftrous Deformity 
+of which, he fir ft invented Chariots. ‘Jupiter (as £ 
+faid) confented that Vulcan fliould marry Minerva, if 
+he could overcome her Mode fly. For, when Jidcan 
+made Arms for the Gods, Jjup iter gave him Leave to 
+chufc out of the Goddefies a Wife, and he chofe Mi¬ 
+nerva: But he admonifhed Minerva , at the fame 'Lime, 
+to refufe him, and preferve her Virginity, as fhe did 
+admirably well. 
+
+At Rome were celebrated the Vulcanic?, a Feafts in 
+Honour of Vulcan ; at which they threw Animals into 
+the Fire to be burnt to Death. The Athenians infti- 
+tuted other Feafts to his Honour called Chaleea. A 
+Temple befides was dedicated to him upon the Moun¬ 
+tain b /Etna, from which he is fometimes named /Ef- 
+i\tens. This Temple was guarded by Dogs, c whole 
+Senfe of Smelling was fo exquifue, that they could dif- 
+cern, whether the Perfons that came thither were 
+Chafte and Religious, or whether they were Wicked : 
+They ufed to meet, and Ratter, and follow the Good* 
+efteeming them the Acquaintance and Friends of f'zd- 
+con their Mafter ; but they barked and flew at the Bad;, 
+and never left off tearing them, ’till they had driven 
+them away. 
+
+P, I have heard, unlefs lam mi (taken, that this Vnt~ 
+can, by 'Jupiter s Command, made a living l-Vonion . Is 
+it true ? 
+
+
+M. It is a comical Thing to expedf Truth in Fallen 
+It is indeed feigned, that the firft Woman was fafhion- 
+ed by the Hammer of Vulcan , and that every God 
+
+
+Ita difl'US dMi T'hc \c\iqc Keel yJ)A' 
+
+terra. Vide Virg. 3 Georg 
+b Var. ap. LiL c Pollux, 1 . 7. 
+
+
+ex con tent lone 
+
+
+apud LiL Gyr. 
+
+
+
+'i 1 
+
+
+
+
+I £ 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 
+
+gave her fome Prefent, whence ffce was called P an . 
+dor a . Pallas gave her Wifdom, Apollo the Art of 
+Mufick, Mercury the Art of Eloquence, Venus g;ue 
+her Beauty, and the reft of the Gods gave her other 
+Accomplishments. a They fay alfo, that when Pro,, 
+onethcits flole Fire from Heaven, to animate the Man 
+xvhich he had made, 'Jupiter was incenfed, and font 
+Pandora to Prometheus with a fealed Box, but Prome¬ 
+theus would not receive it. He fent her with the fame 
+Box again to the Wife of Epimethctts , the Brother of 
+Prometheus; and file, out of a Curiofity natural to her 
+Sex, opened it, which as foon as fhe had done, all Sorts 
+of Difeafes and Evils, with which it was filled, flew 
+among ft Mankind, and have infefted them ever fince, 
+And nothing was. left in the Bottom of the Box, but 
+Hope . 
+
+
+a Paufan. in At. 
+
+
+SECT. II. ''The Cyclops, Servants to 
+
+V ULC AN, 
+
+
+P. IirHAT black 
+
+W thofe ? 
+
+M. "They are Vulcan’s Servants, and work with him 
+in his Shop. They were called b Cyclops , becaufe they 
+had but one Eye, which was in the Middle of their 
+Foreheads, of a Circular Figure : Neptune and Amphi- 
+trite were their Parents. And the c Names of three of 
+them were Brontes , Steropes , and Pyracinon; befides 
+
+
+, nafty, one-eyed Fellows are 
+
+
+b A kvi #^* circulus, & oculus. 
+c Per rum exercchaut njaflo Cyclopes in antro . 
+j Bronte/que, Steropefque* nudus membra Pjracmon . 
+
+On their eternal Anvils here he found 
+
+The Brethren beating, and the Blows go round. Virg* 
+
+which) 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* ' i ^ 
+
+tybicb, there were many more whofe Names are not 
+mentioned, who all exercifed a the Art of Smithery 
+under Vulcan , as we are taught by Virgil. 
+
+
+a ———— Alii <vento/is fellibus auras 
+Ac dpi wit redduntquc : aliiJiridcntia tin gun t 
+JErci lacu ; gemit bnpoftis incudibus antrum* 
+llli inter fife midi a <vi brachia tollunt 
+In numerum, ‘verfantque tenact fcrcipe ferriem. 
+
+Gnedirs the Fire, one the Bellows blows. 
+
+The biffing Steel is in the Smithy drown’d ; 
+
+The Grot with beaten Anvils groans around : 
+
+By Turns their Arms advance, in equal Time ; 
+
+By Turns their Hands defeend, and Hammers chime ^ 
+They turn the glowing Mafs with crooked Tongs ; 
+
+The fiery Work proceeds with ruilic Songs. 
+
+
+SECT. III. Cacus and C^tculus^ Sens 
+
+Vulcan and Polyphemus. 
+
+pACUS was the vileft of Rogues, his Name was 
+^ given him b from his Wickednefs. He tormented 
+all Latium with his Fires and Robberies ; living like a 
+Bead: in a difmal Cave. He ftole Hercules*$ Oxen* 
+and dragged them backwards by their-Tails into, his 
+Cave, that fo the Track of their Feet might not difeo- 
+ver this Repofitory of his Thefts. Rut Hercules , pa(F~ 
+ing by, heard the Lowing of the Oxen in the Cave- 
+broke open the Doors, and feizing the Villain, c put 
+
+
+
+fci > « \ ^ ~ N 1 
+
+At to m xecnti, a maio. 
+
+c -- Cdcum in tenebris incendia vara uj omen fern 
+
+Corripit , in nodum complex us ; id an pit iuhecrens 
+Elifos oculos , id fccu?n /anguine gun nr. Yirg± 
+
+The Monfier fpewing fruiclefs Flames he found ; 
+
+He fqueez’d hig Throat, he wreath’d his Neck aroun 
+And in a Knot his crippled Members bound : 
+
+Then from the Sockets tore his burning Eyes ; 
+Roll’d on a Heap the breathlefs Robber lies. 
+
+
+hun 
+
+
+
+16 o Of the Gods of the ITeathens* 
+
+him to Death. a His Cave was fo dark that it admit¬ 
+ted not the leaft Ray of Light. The Floor of it was 
+red with the Blood perpetually filed upon ir, and the 
+Heads and Limbs of the Men he had murdered were 
+faftened to the Poffs of the Doors. 
+
+Cecculus alfo lived by Plunder and Robbery. He was 
+fo called from the Smallnefs of his I£ycs (it is thought 
+the noble Family of the Ccecilii at Jio?nc derived their 
+Original from him.) Whilft his Mother fat by the 
+Fire, a Spark flew into her Lap ; hereupon fhe grew 
+big with Child, and, within the uf'ual Time, fhe brought 
+forth this Son ; who was afterwards the Founder of the 
+City Preenejle. b Others fay, that the Shepherds found 
+Cecculus unhurt in the Midfl of the Fire, as foon as he 
+was horn ; from whence he was thought to be the Son 
+of Vulcan. 
+
+To thefe Servants and Sons of Vid can , add the 
+Shepherd Polyphemus , a Monfter not unlike them, born 
+of Neptune. For, he had but one Eye in his Fore- 
+Tread like the Cyclops 5 and he got his Living by Mur¬ 
+ders and ^Robberies, like Cacas and Cesc ulus. c This 
+
+
+* Hie fpelunca fuit <vafto fubmota receffic 
+Sermhominis Caci ; facies quean dir a tegebat 
+Solis inacccjfam radiis ; femperque recenti 
+Cccde tepebat humus ; foribus affix a fuperbis 
+Ora <virum trip 's pendebant pallida tabo. 
+
+Hide menftro Videanus crat pater : illius atros 
+Ore womens ignes magna fe moleperch at . 
+
+? Twas once a Robber’s Den, inclos’d around 
+With living Stone, and deep beneath the Ground,. 
+The Monfter Cacus , more than half aBeaft, 
+
+This Hold, impervious to the Sun, poflefs’d; 
+
+The Pavements ever foul with human Gore ; 
+
+Heads, and their mangled Members . h.ung the Door, 
+Venus this Plague begot; and, like his Sire, 
+
+Black Clouds he belch’d, and Flames of livid Fire- 
+b Virgil. ^Eneid. 7. 
+
+c Vifcerthus mijerorum ,, & fanguine wefcitur ciiro. 
+
+Vidi egemet , duo de numero cum corpora, noftro 
+Prenja manu magna t , ?nedio refupinus in antro , 
+
+
+Monfler 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 16 1 
+
+Rtfcnfters drew four of Ulyfles's Companions into his 
+pen, in Sicily , and devoured therm He thought too* 
+that the reft of Ulyjfts’s Servants could not efcape his 
+Jaws. But UlyJJes made him drunk with Wine, and 
+then with a Firebrand quite put out his Sight, and 
+
+efc aped. 
+
+_ ♦ 
+
+■ .- H . p — — J 1 — 1 r ■» ■ . . .mu 
+
+F range ret ad faxtun : Janieque afperfa natarent 
+Li min a : vidi, afro cum membra fluent i ci tabo 
+Manderet, & tepidi tremerent flub dentibus artus* 
+
+Hand impure qtddem nec tali a paffits Uhjfls^ 
+
+Obliitfqua fui efl Itbacus diferimine tamo. 
+
+Nam fimul exp let us dapibus , <znnoque fepultus 
+Cer-uicem inflexciisi pofuit , jacuitque per antrum 
+Immcnfum, flaniem eruSians , ac fruflra cruento 
+Per Jbmnttm commixta mero ; nos tnagna precati 
+Namibia, fortitique vices, una undique circutn 
+Fundimur, & telo lumen terebramus acuto 
+Inge ns : quod torvd fcliim flub fronte latebat , 
+
+Argolici clypei aut Phsebceat lampadis inflar. Virg. JEn. 3, 
+The Joints of flaughter’d Wretches are his Food, 
+
+And for his Wine he quaHs the learning Blood : 
+
+1 hefe Eyes beheld, when with his fpacious Hand 
+He feiz’d two Captives of our Grecian Band ; 
+
+Stretch’d on his Back, he dafh’d again ft the Stones 
+Their broken Bodies, and their crackling Bones. 
+
+With {pouting Blood the purple Pavement fwims. 
+
+While the dire Glutton grinds the trembling Limbs. 
+
+Not unreveng’d Ulvffes bore their Fate, 
+
+Nor thoughtlefs of his own unhappy State : 
+
+For, gorg’d with Flefh, and drunk with human Wine, 
+Whilft fall afleep the Giant lay fupine ; 
+
+Snoring aloud, and belching from his Maw 
+His undigefled Foam and Morfels raw; 
+
+We pray, we cafl the Lots ; and then furround 
+The monflrous Body, ftretch’d along the Grounds 
+Each, as he could approach him, lends a Hand 
+To bore his Eye-ball with a flaming Brand : 
+
+Beneath his frowning Forehead lay his Eye, 
+
+For only one did this vafi Frame fupply ; 
+
+But that a Globe fo large, his Front it fill’d. 
+
+Like the Sun’s Dilk, or like the Grecian Shield. 
+
+M SECT, 
+
+
+
+■162 Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 
+
+% 
+
+SECT. IV. 'The Signification of the Fable, 
+Vulcan*, a Symbol of^Two Sorts of Fire, 
+
+T HAT by Vulcan is underflood Fire, the Name 
+
+itfelf difeovers, if we believe a Varro , who fays 
+that the Word Vulcanus is derived from the Force and 
+Violence of Fire : And therefore he is painted with a 
+blue Hat, b which is a Symbol of the Celejlial or Ele¬ 
+mentary Fire , which is by Nature clear and unmixed 
+whereas the Co?nmo?iFire , that is ufed on Earth, is weak* 
+and wants continual Fire to fupport it, and therefore 
+Vulcan is faid to be lame. c He is faid to have been caft 
+down from-Heaven, becaufe the Lightning comes from 
+the Cloud3, and to have fallen into Lemnos , becaufe 
+Lightning often falls into that Jfland. 
+
+But let us a little conhder the Flames of Love •, for 
+Vulcan married Venus . If you admire, therefore, fo 
+fair, fo delicate, fo beautiful a Goddefs fliould be a Wife 
+to fo deformed and black a God , you mufl fuppofe that 
+Vulcan is the Fire, and Vc?ms the Flame : And is not 
+the Union between Fire and Flame very proper ? But 
+this Fire is kindled in Hell, and blowed by the Cy¬ 
+clops: And thofe who are addifted to Venery, are let 
+on Fire with- thefe Flames; for when a Flame, kindled 
+by the Eyes of a beauteous Woman, fets the Break on 
+Fire, how violent is the Combuftion, how great the 
+Havock, how certain the Deftrudlion ? Hence comes 
+theLover’s Anguifh: Deadnefs. and Faintnefs over- 
+fpread his. Face,, his Eyes are dull and heavy, his. 
+Cheeks meagre and wan, his Countenance puts on 
+the Palenefs of Afhes, which are fatal Arguments of 
+a fpreading Fire within,, that confumes and preys upon 
+- ■ ■" ■■■..-■ ■ ■ — . 
+
+a Vulcanus quafi Volicanus, quod ignis per aerem volitet; 
+vel a vi ac vi'olentia ignis.- Var. ap. Lil. Gyr. b Serv. 8, 
+
+^neid, Eufeb.. de Prasp. Evang.. c Servius, ibid*. 
+
+the 
+
+
+
+
+K 
+
+? 
+
+r/ 
+
+► 
+
+n * 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+163 
+
+
+M * 
+
+
+W 
+
+
+(he interior Parts. But when Impudence has blown 
+the Coals, fo that Modefty can put no further Stop to 
+the Rage and Violence of this Flame ; when this hel- 
+]jfh Offspring breaks forth, and by Degrees gathers 
+Strength 3 Good God ! How does it fpread, rage, and 
+increase ? With what Fury and Violence does it bear 
+down and deftroy every Thing ? By this Flame Semele 
+was confumed 3 Hercules's Strength was an eafy Prey- 
+to it 3 and hereby the ftrongeft Towers and ftatelieft 
+Palaces of ‘Troy were confumed and reduced to A flies. 
+
+Have you given yourfelf up to Venus ? She will 
+make you a Vulcan : She will make you filthy, nafty, 
+and black as Hell : She will darken your Underftand- 
+ing, though you are in the Midft of Fire : For the Fire 
+of Venus gives no Light, but brings the greateft Dark- 
+nefs 3 it freezes and ftupifies the Soul, while the Body 
+is thawed and melted into Pleafurcs. How fad is the 
+Fate of an effeminate Man? His Toil and Labour is 
+like the Work of Vulcan 3 for he who defperately loves 
+a Woman, takes a burning Iron into his Bread; his 
+Houfe is a Forge, he labours and toils to (often her 
+Temper more tha nVulca?i fweats to fafhion thehardeffc 
+Steel 3 he negledts the Care of himfelf to make her 
+fine and handfome. Again, how many Eftates are 
+melted in Luft’s Furnace ? How many Pofleflions re¬ 
+duced to Allies, till nothing but Drofs is left, and the 
+Nobility and Honour of their Families difappear and 
+vanilh in Smoke ? 
+
+No Fuel can fatisfy this Fire 5 the Heat of it never 
+decreafeth, it never cools 3 for Venus blows it with Sighs, 
+kindles it with Tears, and foments it with proud Dif- 
+dain and Coldnefs. Her Kindnefs is Cruelty, her 
+Pride is infnaring. What ’Wonder is it then, that fo 
+many Vulcans , not only in Lemnos , but every-where, 
+make Thunder at this Forge, which will fall on their, 
+ovvn Heads ; by which they are caft headlong from 
+Heaven to Earth, that is, from the highefl: Degree of 
+happinefs to the loweft Vale of Mifery : From which 
+
+M 2 Fall 
+
+
+
+164 Of the Gods of the Heathens .. 
+
+% 
+
+Fall comes Lamenefs never to be cured; the re are the 
+FfFefts of the Love of Venus . If you will believe me, 
+a I believe the Poet, who, in a witty Epigram, fays the 
+fame Thing. 
+
+
+'Yiov K tov ywccTv-O!, h wv Ap^cdi t 
+
+3 Oy« tov croSss ov 
+
+Cupid is Vulcan's Son, his Wife, 
+
+No Wonder then he goes lame all his Life 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+CHAP. IV. ! 
+
+* 
+
+JE © is u s -. 
+
+IT ET us now blow out the Fire with the Wind. , 2nd 1 
+1 j bring up Molus after Vulcan : For he who ftands :< 
+next him is a Molus the God of the Winds , begotten by 
+Jupiter,, of Acejla-ox Segejla, the Daughter of Hippota ; 
+from whence he is named Hippotades .. He dwelt in. 
+one of thofe feven Iflands, which, from him, are cal- , 
+led Molice, and fometimes V ulcanice . He b was a fkil- ] 
+ful Aftronomer, and an excellent natural Philofo- \ 
+^her; he underftood more particularly the Nature of j 
+the Winds : And becaufe, from the Clouds of Smoke 
+of the Molian Iflands, he foretold Winds and Tem- ; 
+pefts a great while before they arofe, it was generally 
+believed that they were under his Power, and that; 
+he could raife the Winds, or ftill them, as he pleaf- 
+ed. And from hence he was filled Emperor, nnd^ 
+fCinp* of the Winds-, (the Children of A fir tens and Ait‘ 
+
+
+a Ovid.-Metam. 11 
+Strab. ap..Serv. 
+
+
+* 
+
+b Palsephat, de incredibil. Var.- ; 
+
+rora ]. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 165 
+
+rora.) a Virgil describes Juno coming to him, at his 
+Palace, of which he gives a Defcription in beautiful 
+
+V erfe. 
+
+
+» Nimb ovum in patriam, loca facta furentibus jtujlris > 
+jEoliam <uenit : Hie <vaflo Rex- JEolus antro 
+LuSIantes 'ventos,, tempejlatefqzte fonoras 
+• Jmperio p remit, ac <vinclis It car cere frccnat. 
+
+I Hi indigziantes , mag no cutn ?rzwmure, ??iontis 
+Circzun claujlra fremunt ; celjh. fedet tEolus arcc , 
+
+Sceptra lenens, mollitque ant mo s & temperat iras • 
+
+J\fi faciat tJiaria, ac terras, cczrlumque prof nudum 
+tpuippe ferant rapidi fecunz, errant qzte per auras . 
+
+■ Sed pater omfiipotens fpeluttcis abdidit atris , 
+
+Hoc nietuensi nwlemque, & montes infuper altos 
+Jmpqfuit, Regemque dedit, quifeedere certo 
+■.Et premere, & lax asfetr et darejajfus habenas . 
+
+Thus rag’d the Goddefs, and, with Fury fraught. 
+The reftlefs Regions of the Storms (he fought: 
+
+Where, in a fpacious Cave of living Stone, 
+
+The Tyrant J&elus, from his airy Throne, 
+
+With Pow’r imperial curbs the (boggling Winds, 
+
+And founding Tempefts in dark Prifon binds. 
+
+This Way, and that, th’ impatient Captives tend. 
+And preffing for Releafe, the Mountains rend. 
+
+High in his Hall th' undaunted Monarch hands. 
+
+And (hakes his Sceptre, and their Rage commands ; 
+Which did he not, their unrefilled Sway 
+Would fweep.the World before them in their Way : 
+.Earth, Air, and Seas, thro'" empty Space would roul. 
+And Heav'n would fly before the driving Soul. 
+
+In Fear of this the Father oF the Gods 
+Confin’d their Fury to thefe dark Abodes, 
+
+And lock'd them fafe, opprefs’d with Mountam-JLoadt.; 
+Impos’d a King with arbitrary Sway, 
+
+To ioafe their Fetters, or their Force allay. 
+
+
+
+M 3 
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+
+166 Of the Gods of the'Heathens. 
+
+
+CHAP. V. 
+
+M O M U S. 
+
+♦ 
+
+P. 117 HO is this Mari) and what is his Name ? 
+
+W Ad. Do you expert a Man among the 
+Gods ? The Name of this God is Momus , a which 
+Word in the Greek "Tongue fignifies a JeJler^ a Mocker , 
+a Munich \ for that is his Bufinefs. He follows no Em¬ 
+ployment, but lives an idle Life ; yet nicely obferves 
+the.Actions and Sayings of the other Gods, and when 
+he finds them doing amifs, or neglecting their Duty, 
+he cenfures, mocks, and derides them with the g re a tell 
+Liberty. 
+
+Neptune , Vulcan , and Minerva may witnefs the 
+Truth of this. They all contended which of them 
+was the molt fkilful Artificer ; whereupon Neptune 
+made a Bull, Minerva a Houfe, and Vulcan a Man; 
+they made Momus Judge between them ;-but he chid 
+them all three. He accufed Neptune of Imprudence; 
+becaufe he placed not the Bull’s Horns in his Fore¬ 
+head before his Eyes ; for then the Bull might give a 
+ftrong and a furer Blow. Fie blamed Minerva , be¬ 
+caufe her Houfe was immoveable, fo that it could not 
+be carried away, if by Chance it was placed among ill 
+Neighbours. But he faid, that Vulcan was the moll 
+imprudent of them all, becaufe he did not make a Win¬ 
+dow in the Man’s Bread, that he might fee what his 
+Thoughts were, whether he dcfigned fome Trick, or 
+yvhether he intended what he fpoke. 
+
+P. "Who were the Parents of Momus? 
+
+M. b Nox and Somnus begat him. .And, indeed, it 
+is a Sign of a dull, drowfy, fottifh Difpofition, when 
+\ve fee a Man cenTuring and difliking the Actions of 
+
+
+all 
+
+
+s M Spot irriforem fignificat* b Hefiod. in Theogon. 
+
+
+
+TI. xv. 
+
+
+&-Z0?. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 167 
+
+all other Men, when nothing but God is wholly per- 
+fe<a, fomething is wanting to every Thing, fo that 
+every Thing is defective, and liable to Cenfure. 
+
+
+CHAP. VI. 
+
+SECT. I. The Terrejlrial Goddefs, VestAo 
+
+S HE 41 , whom you fee fitting and holding a Drum. 
+
+is the Wife of Caelum , and the Mother of Saturn • 
+She is the eldeft of the Goddefies. 
+
+P. If fhe is the Wife of Caelum , why is fhe placed 
+among thefe Terrejlrial Goddefies,, and not amongft 
+the Celejlial rather ? 
+
+M, Becaufe this Goddefs b Vejla is the fame with 
+Terra , and has her Name c from Cl oath in g, becaufe 
+Plants and Fruits are the Cloathing of the Earth . Or, 
+d according to Ovid , the Earth is called Vejla from its 
+Stability, becaufe it fupports itfelf. She fits, c becaufe 
+the Earth is immoveable, and is placed in the Centre 
+of the World. Vejla has a Drum, becaufe the Earth 
+contains the boifterous Winds in it-s Bofom. And di¬ 
+vers Flowers weave themfelves into a Crown, with 
+which her Head is crowned. Several Kinds of Ani¬ 
+mals creep about and fawn upon her. Becaufe the 
+Earth is round, Vejla 's Temple at Rome was alfo round, 
+and fome fay that the Image of VJla was orbicular in 
+
+
+a Virg. 9. ^Sneid. % .Plat. 1 . I. Prim. frig. c Quod 
+plantis frugibufque Terra veftiatur. d Vella a villa ado 
+
+d-ickur. • 
+
+
+Slat <vi terrafua , Vijlando Vejla : vocatur . Ovid. Fall. 1 . 6 - 
+Ey its own Strength fupported Terra Hands : 
+
+Hence it is Vejla nam’d. 
+
+* Var. ap.. Aug. 7. de Civ. Cicero de Somno Hecat* 
+Milef, general. Phurnutias; 
+
+
+
+
+168 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+fome Places, but a Ovid fays her Image was rucle and 
+fhapelefs. And from hence round Tables are anciently 
+called b Vefla^ becaufe like the Earth, they fupply all 
+Neceflaries of Life for us. c It is no Wonder that the 
+firft Oblations in all Sacrifices were offered to her, 
+fmee whatfoever is facrificed fprings from the Earth. 
+And the <l Greeks both began and concluded their Sa¬ 
+crifices with Vejia 5 becaufe they efteemed her the Mo¬ 
+ther of all the Gods . 
+
+P. I wifh that you would refolve one Doubt, which 
+I ftill have concerning this Goddefs. How can Vejia be 
+the fame with c Terra 7 when nothing is more frequent 
+among Mythologifts than to fignify Fire by Vejia ? 
+
+M.. I perceive I do not deal with a Novice : I will 
+fatisfy your Doubts. There were two Vcjlc? s, the El¬ 
+der and the Younger. The firft, of whom I have been 
+fpeaking, was the Wife of Caelum^ and the Mother of 
+Saturn. The fecond was the Daughter of Saturn by 
+his Wife Rhea . And as the firft is the fame with Ter* 
+ra , as I have already faid, fo the other is the fame with 
+Ignis : And c her Power was excrcifed about Altars and 
+Houfes. The Word Vejia is often put for Fire itfelf, 
+for it is derived from a f Greek Word which iignifics a 
+Chimney , a Houfe > or Houflwld-goods. e She is efteem¬ 
+ed the Prefideht and Guardian of Houfes , and one of the 
+Houfhold Deities, not without Reafon ; fince file in¬ 
+vented the Art of Building of Houfes: And therefore 
+an Image of Vejia , to which they facrificed every Day, 
+was placed before the Doors of the Houfes at Rome> 
+
+a Ejfgietn nullam V'(jla nec.ignis babet . Ovid. Fall. 1 . 6 . 
+
+No Image Vefta s Shape can e’er exprefs, * 
+
+Or Fire’s-—- - 
+
+b Plutarch, in Sympof. c Horn, in Hymn. d Ap.Lil. 
+Gyr. 1. Strabo. 
+
+c Hujus vis omnis ad aras foeos pertinet , Cic. de Nat. 
+Deor. Lb. 2. r Ducitur a Grreco nomine erlaquod fccunh 
+penatetn, domumfgnificat, £ Horn, in Hymn. Vi rg. 2. 
+
+& Georg. 1- Eugraphius in And.Terent. Ad:. 4. Sc. 3. 
+
+and 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 169 
+
+and the Places where thefe Statues were fe£ up were 
+called Vcjlibula from Vejla. 
+
+This Goddefs was a Virgin , a and fo great an Admirer 
+of Virginity, that, when 'Jupiter her Brother gave her 
+Liberty of afking what file would, £he afked, tbatyft* 
+might always be a Virgin , and have the firjl Oblations in all 
+Sacrifices » Wherein (he not only obtained her Defire, 
+but received this farther Honour b among the Romans , 
+that perpetual Fire was kept in herTemple, amongft the 
+facred Pledges of the Empire ; not upon an Altar, or in 
+the Chimnies, but in earthen Veffels, hanging in the 
+Air, which the Vejlal Virgins tended with fo much Care, 
+that if by Chance this Fire was extinguifhed, all public 
+and private Bufinefs was interrupted, and a Vocation pro¬ 
+claimed, till they had expiated the unhappy Prodigy with 
+incredible Pains. c And if it appears that the Virgins 
+were the Qccafion- of its going out by Carelefnefs, they 
+werefeverely punifhed,and fometimes with Rods. Upon 
+the Kalends of March , every Year, though it was not 
+extinguifhed, they ufed to renew it, with no other Fire 
+than that which was produced by the Rays of the Sun. 
+
+Ovid mentions both the elder and the younger Vcjla % 
+a in the fixth Book of his Fafii. 
+
+a Arid:. 5.I. 2. Ariftoph. in Vefpis. b Val. Max. 1 c. 4. 
+Liv. 5. dec. 1. Val. Max. 1 . 4. c. 4. Pap. Scat, 1 . 4. Syl. 3. 
+
+c Idem. c. 1. Ovid. Fall. 3. 
+
+d Vefia eademefi) & Terra: fubefi vigil ignis utrique y 
+
+Significant fedem Terra Focufque fuam. 
+
+Vefia and Earth are one, one Fire they fhare. 
+
+Which does the Centre of them both declare. 
+
+
+SECT. II. An 
+
+
+Explanation of 
+
+
+the Fable. 
+
+
+The Younger. Vesta the Vital Heat in 
+the Body. 
+
+F ROM hence we may cohje&ure, that when the 
+Poets fay, that Vejla is the fame with Fire, the 
+terrible, fcorching, blazing Fire of Vulcan's Forge is 
+
+
+not 
+
+
+
+170 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+not underftood $ nor yet the impure and dangerous 
+Flames of Venus * of which we fpake above ; but a pure* 
+unmixed benign Flame* fo neceffary for us* that Hu- 
+?nan Life cannot poflibly fubfift without it; whofe Heat s 
+being diiFufed through all the Parts of the Body* quic¬ 
+kens* cberifhes* refrefhes* and nourifhes us. A Flame 
+really faered * heavenly * and drome; repaired daily by the 
+Food which we eat; on which the Safety and Welfare 
+of our Bodies depend. This Flame moves and actu¬ 
+ates. the whole Body; and cannot be extinguifhed but 
+when Life kfelf is extinguifhed together with it. And 
+then comes a lafting Vacation * and a certain End is put 
+to all our Bufinefs in this World. 13 ut ? if by our own 
+Faults it is extinguifhed* we are guilty of our own 
+Death* and deferve that our Memory fhould rot with 
+our Bodies in the Grave, and that our Names fhould 
+be entombed with our Carcafes ; which would bean 
+.AfHicfion no lei's fevere* than was the Punifhment of 
+the guilty Vefal Virgins * who were buried alive» 
+
+
+CHAP. VII. 
+
+SECT. I. Cyeele. Her Image . 
+
+P . O T R A N G E ! Here is a Goddefs whole n Head 
+*3 is crowned with Towers, what means this? Is 
+fhe the Goddefs of Cities and Garrtfons ? 
+
+2 M. She is the Goddefs not of Cities only* but of all 
+Things which the Earth fuftains. h She is the Earth 
+itfelf: On the Earth are built many Towers and Oaftles, 
+ib on her Head is placed a Crown of Towers. In her 
+Hand fhe carries a Key, which* perhaps* you did not 
+obferve* c becaufe in the Winter the Earth locks'thole 
+
+W 
+
+a Luc. I. 2. de Regn. b Servius 5. Sc 10. -^EnekL 
+
+c Ifid. L 8. 
+
+Treafures 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+iHinimmi 
+
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+
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+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 171 
+
+Treafures up, which he brings forth, and difpenfes 
+with fo much Plenty in the Summer. She rides in a 
+Chariot, becaufe the Earth hangs fufpended in the Air, 
+balanced and poifedby its own Weight. But that Cha¬ 
+riot is fupported by Wheels, becaufe the Earth is a vo¬ 
+luble Body , and turns round : * and it is drawn by Lions, 
+becaufe nothing is fo fierce, fo favage, or fo ungovern¬ 
+able, but a motherly Piety and Tendernefs is able to 
+tame it, and make it fubmit to the Yoke. I need not 
+explain why her b Garments are painted with diverfe 
+Colours, and figured with the Images of fevers 1 Crea¬ 
+tures, fince every body fees that fuch a Drefs is fuitable 
+to the Earth. 
+
+a Ovid. Fait. 1 . 4. b Martian. Lil. Gyrald, 
+
+SECT. II. Names of Cyeele. 
+
+P. ? S.then this Goddefs called TerraP 
+
+I M. No, 0 fhe is called Cybele , and Ops, and 
+Rhea, and Dyndymcna , and Berecyntbia, and Bona Dca 
+(the good Goddefs) and 1 data , and Pejjimtntia , and 
+Magna Deoruin Mater (the great Mother of the Gods) 
+and fometimes alfo Vcfta, All thefe Names, for differ¬ 
+ent Reafons, were given to the fame Goddefs, who was 
+the Daughter of Caslum , and of the elder Fiji a , and 
+Saturn's Wife. 
+
+She is called Cybele , cl from the Mountain Cyhclus ir* 
+Phrygia, where her Sacrifices were infiituted fir ft. Or 
+the this Name was given her from the Behaviour of her 
+Priefts, who ufed e to dance upon their Heads, and tofs 
+about their Hair like Madmen, foretelling Things to 
+come, and making an horrible Nolle. They were 
+
+( Propertius, 1 . 3. Eleg. 16. d Stephanas. Strabo. 
+
+e ’Atto re xvffiTsw, id eft, in caput faltarc, Suid. Servius in 3 
+
+*$nei4. 
+
+
+named 
+
+
+ny 2 Of the Gods of t7oe Heathens. 
+
+seamed Gallic and this Fury and Outrage in prophefk 
+ing is deferibed by 3 Lucian in his firft Book, 
+
+Others again derive the Word Cybele from a b Cube* 
+becaufe the Cube, which is a Body every Way fquare 
+was dedicated to her by the Ancients.. 
+
+She is called c Ops? becaufe £he brings Help and Af- 
+isfiance to every Thing contained in this World. 
+
+Her Name d Rhea is derived from that Abundance 
+of Benefits, which, without ceafing, flow from heron 
+every Side. 
+
+c Dyndymene and Dindyme , is a Name given her from 
+the Mountain Dindymus in Phrygia. 
+
+Firgil calls her f Ad ait r Berecynthia , from Berecyn - 
+thus? a Caftle in that Country ; and in the fame Place 
+deferibes her numerous and happy Offspring. 
+
+She was by the Greeks called £ Pajlthea \ that is, as 
+the Romans ufualfy named her, the Mother of all the 
+Gods 5 and, from the h Greek Word, fignifying Mo¬ 
+ther, her Sacrifices are named Metroa , and to celc- 
+
+
+
+
+51 -- crinemqtte rot antes 
+
+Sangithicum Populis ulularunt trijlia Galli . 
+
+Shaking their bloody TrefTes, fiome fad Spell 
+The Priefts of Cybcl to the People yell. 
+h *At.'o tb Pefhis. c Quod opem ferat. 
+
+i?uo, quod bonis omnibus circum flu at. c Honit. L i. Carm. 
+
+f- qzcalis Berecynthia mater 
+
+Twvehitur curm Phrygia ? turrit a per urbes 
+■■ L<gfa, Dcum part u, centum cc??iplexa nepotes ., 
+
+Omnes cedi colas, omnes fuper alt a tenentes . ^E-neid. 6. 
+
+High as the Mother of the Gods in Place, 
+
+And proud, like her, of an immortal Race : 
+
+Then, when ; n Pomp fhe makes the Phrygian Round, 
+With golden Turrets on her Temples crown’d. 
+
+Her Offspring all, and all command the Sky. 
+sPafithea, id eff, {/.lyrnpy omnibus diis mater, 
+
+line;]. 2. h A ywTitp, mater, derivantur^rp^aCybeles 
+
+facra, & ifacra ea celebrare. Ccel. Rhod. 1. viii* 
+
+c. 37 . 
+
+
+brate 
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+*73 
+
+
+s 
+
+
+brate them was called Metraxein? in the fame Lan¬ 
+guage. 
+
+Her Name BonaDea a implies, that all good Things 
+neceffary for the Support of Life proceed from her. She 
+is alfo called Fauna , b becaufe (he is faid to favour all 
+Creatures. And Fatua , c becaufe it was thought that 
+pew-born Children never cried till they touched the 
+Ground. d It is faid, that this Bona Dea was the Wife 
+of one King Faunus\ who beat her with Myrtle Rods 
+till fhe died \ becaufe (he difgraced herfelf, and a£ied 
+very unfuitable to the Dignity of a Queen, by drink¬ 
+ing fo much Wine that (he became drunk. But the 
+King, afterwards repenting of his Severity, deified hi 
+dead Wife,, and paid her divine Honours. This is the 
+Reafon affigned, why it was forbid, that any one fhould; 
+bring Myrtle into her Temple. c And,in her Sacrifices^ 
+the Veffels of Wine v/ere covered and, when the Wo¬ 
+men drank out of them they called it Milk,, not Wine* 
+
+( The Modefty of this Goddefs was fo extraordinary*, 
+that no Man ever few her except her Hufband ; or 
+fcarce heard her Name 5 wherefore her Sacrifices wcre 
+performed in private, g and all Men were excluded from 
+the Temple. From the great Privacy obferved by her 
+Votaries, the Place in which her Sacrifices were per¬ 
+formed was called h Opertum , and the Sacrifices them- 
+felves were filled J Opertanea\ and for the fame Reafon. 
+Pluto is by the Poets called k Opertus . Silence was ob- 
+
+
+a Bona quod omnium.nobis ad vidlum honorzan caufa fit,. 
+Labeo ap Lil. Symag. 4. p. 143.. b Fauna quod animan- 
+tibusfavert dicatur. c Fatua a fando , quod hifentes non 
+prius \'ocerm emittere crederentur quani terram ipfam atti- 
+giflent. A Sext. Clod. apud. Laftant. e Plat, in Probl. 
+* Juvenall Sat. 9. 
+
+= Sacra Boms maribzis non adr.unda Deny. 
+
+No Men admitted were to CybclF s Rites. Fib, 1. Eleg, 6. 
+h Cic. 1. ad Atticum, Sc in Paradox. 1 Flin. I. 10. c, 56. 
+. k FioJJi domos Stygias? arcanaque Diiis Opcr.ii« 
+
+
+ferved 
+
+
+
+xy 4 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+ferved in a moft peculiar Manner in the Sacrifices d of 
+Bona Dea , as it was in a lefs Degree in all other Sacri¬ 
+fices, according to the Dodhine of the Pythagoreans 
+and Egyptians , who c taught that God was to be wor- 
+fhipped in Silence; becaufe from thence, at the firft 
+Creation, all Things took their Beginning. To the 
+fame Purpofe, Plutarch fays, f Men were 02cr Majitrs 
+to teach us to fpeak , but zve learn Silence from the Gods , 
+Prom thefe vje learn to hold out' Peace , in their Riles and 
+Initiations . 
+
+She was called s Ideea Mater , from the Mountain Ida 
+in Phrygia , or Crete , for fhe was at both Places highly 
+honoured: As alfo at Rome , whither they brought her 
+from the City PeJJinus in Galatia , by a remarkable Mi¬ 
+racle. For when the Ship in which fhe was carried, 
+flopped in the Mouth of Uber^ the Veftal Claudia 
+(whofe fine Drefs and free Behaviour made her Mo- 
+defty fufpedled) eafily drew the Ship to Shore with her 
+Girdle, where the Goddefs was received by the Hands 
+of Virgins, and the Citizens went out to meet her, 
+placing Cenfers with Frankincenfe before their Doors 5 
+and, when they had lighted the Frankincenfe, they 
+prayed that fhe would enter freely into Rome , and be 
+favourable to it. And becaufe the Sibyls had pro- 
+phefied, that Iclaea Mater fhould be introduced by the bejl 
+
+To hear Helps fecret Counfels, and to know 
+
+Dark Pluto’s Rites and My fieri es below. Lzecian. 1 . 6 . 
+
+d Hinc mater cultrix Cybcle, Corybantiayue a?ra> 
+
+Idseunique 71 emus : hinc fida flentia facris, 
+
+Etfunfti air rum Dornzna fubiere Leoties . JEneld, 1 . 3. 
+
+Here Cybcle , the Mother of the Gods, 
+
+With tinkling Cymbals charm’d th’ Idaan Woods, 
+
+She fecret Rites and Ceremonies taught. 
+
+And to the Yoke the favage Lions brought. 
+e Ap. De la Cerda in yEneid. 3. f Loquendi magiftros 
+homines habemus, tacendi Deos: ab illis filentium accipi- 
+entes in i.iitiationibus & myfleriis. Piut.de Loquac. s Luc. 
+
+
+
+
+I 1 
+
+I' 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • tj§ 
+
+jfan among the Romans* 'The Senate a was a tittle bufied 
+it pafs & Judgment in the Cafe, and refolve , ‘was 
+
+the heft Man in the City . ^z><?ry one zuas ambi¬ 
+
+tious to get the Vi ft ory in a D if puts of that Nature ; and 
+more them if they food to be elefted to any Commands or Ho¬ 
+nours by the Voices either of the Senate or People . At la ft 
+the Senate refolve d that P. Scipio, the Son of that Cneus 
+who iv as killed in Spain, a young Gentleman who had never 
+yet been Quaeftor, was thebejl Man in the whole City . 
+
+She was called PeJJinuntia , b from a certain Field m- 
+Phrygia , into which an Image of her fell from Hea¬ 
+ven j from which Fall- c the Place was called PeJJinus* 
+and the Goddefs PeJJinuntia . And in this Place firH: 
+the Phrygians began ro celebrate the Sacrifices Orgia to 
+this Goddefs, near the River Gallus , from whence her 
+Priefts were called d Gatii: as I do all tell you, after 
+I have obferved, that, when thefe Priefe defired that 
+a great Refpedf and Adoration fhould be paid to any 
+Thing, they pretended that it fell from Heaven 5 and 
+they called thofe Images A iottstv, £ Diopete that is, 
+fent from Jupiter. Of which Sort were the c Ancile , 
+the Palladium , and the Effigies of this Goddefs, con¬ 
+cerning which we now /peak* 
+
+
+a Hand parvee rei judicium lenatum tenebat, qui vlr op- 
+timusin civitate eflet ; verum certe vidtoriam ejus rei £bi 
+quifque mallet., quam ullaimperia, honorefve, fuffragio fe.11 
+Patruuq feu Plebis, delates. Patres Confcripti P. Sclpionem 
+Cnei filium ejus qui in Hiipania occidebat, adolefcentem> 
+nondam Quacltorem, judicaveruntin tota civitate virum op¬ 
+timum efic. b Hefiod. 1 . 1. c doro 'mergiv, aca- 
+
+<leado« • Feftus. 0 Herod. 1 . 1. 
+
+
+
+
+iy6 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+
+SECT. III. The Sacrifices of Cybele. 
+
+ER Sacrifices, like the Sacrifices of Bacchus 
+a were celebrated with a confufed Noife of Tim¬ 
+brels, Pipes, and Cymbals ; and the Sacrificants howled , 
+as if they were mad $ they profaned both the Temple 
+of their Goddefs, and the liars of their Hearers, with 
+their filthy Words and Actions* The following Rites 
+were peculiarly obferved in her Sacrifices: b Her Tem¬ 
+ple was opened not by Hands, but by Prayers: None 
+entered who had taPted Garlick: The Priefts facrificed 
+to her, fitting, and touching the Earth, and offered the 
+Hearts of the Victims. And, laflly, among the Trees, 
+the Box and the Pine were facred to her. The Box\ 
+becaufe the Pipes ufed in her Sacrifices were made of 
+it: c The Pine , for the Sake of Atys, Attes , or Attincs , 
+a Boy that Cybele much loved, and had made him Pre- 
+fident of her Rites, upon Condition that he always 
+preferved his Chaftity inviolate. But he forgot his 
+Vow and loft that Virtue. d Wherefore the offend- 
+ed Goddefs threw him into fuch a Madnefs, that he 
+emafculated himfelf ; (though c Lucian fays that Cybele 
+did it) and, when he was about to lay violent Elands 
+upon himfelf, (he, in Pity, turned hirn into a Pine. 
+
+But take Notice that there was a true Atys^ the Son 
+of Crcefus King of Lydia . He was born dumb: But 
+when be faw in the Fight a Soldier at his Father’s Back, 
+with a Sword lifted up to kill him, the Strings of his 
+Tongue, which hindered his Speech, burfl:; and, by 
+fpeaking clearly, he prevented his Father’s Deftruftion, 
+
+
+1 
+
+•i 
+
+J 
+
+J 
+
+
+a Apulei. 8. Metam. Claud. 2. de Raptu. b Serv. in 6, 
+^neid. A then. ap. Lil. Gyrald. p. 143. Til. Gyrald. Synt. 
+4. p. 143. Laftant. p. in S. Theb. c Serv. in ^Eneid, 
+d Auguft. 7. de Civitate Dei. c Lucian, de DeaSyra, 
+
+
+SECT 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. lyy 
+
+
+SECT; IV. The Priejls of Cybele. 
+
+% 
+
+♦ 
+
+I n Juft now told you, that her Priefts were called 
+Galii, from a River of Phrygia of that Name : 
+Such was the Nature of the Water of that River, that 
+whofoever drank of it immediately grew mad, to fuch 
+a Degree as to geld himfelf. This is certain, that the 
+Galli were caftrated, and from thence called Sc?niviri : 
+As often as they facrinced, they furioufly cut and flafh- 
+ed their Arms with Knives ; and thence all furious and 
+mad People were called Gallantes . b Befides the Name 
+of Galli , they v/ere alfo called Curetes , Corybantcs , 21 /- 
+chines , Cabiri , and Idai DaPlylu Some fay, that thefe 
+Priefts were different from the Galli $ but, bccaufe 
+moft People believe them to be the fame, and fay that 
+they were all Priefts of Cybele 5 therefore I will fpeak 
+fomething of each of them. 
+
+The Curetes were either Cretans , or JEtalians , or Eu- 
+Iceans , and had their Names from c Shaving; fo that 
+Curetes and Deionfi fignify almoft the fame Thing. For 
+they ftiaved the Hair of their Heads before, but wore 
+Hair behind, that they might not be taken (as it has 
+often happened) by the Forelocks, by the Enemy 5 or, 
+perhaps, they were called Curetes , d becaufe they were 
+habited in long Vefts, like young Maidens ; or* laftiy, 
+c becaufe they educated Japzier in his Infancy. 
+
+Her Priefts were alfo called Coryba?ites ; becaufe, in 
+the Sacrifices of their Goddefs, they tolled their Pleads 
+and danced, and butted with their Foreheads like Rams, 
+after a mad Fafhion. Thus, when they initiated any 
+
+
+a Til. Gyr. p. 141. b Varr. apud Nonm in verbo Callus. 
+r J A tto t?,* a tonfura Curetes dicebantur. d * Air'd tvs 
+
+a puella quod puellarum flolam induebant. c 'A 7 ro 
+7 r,qyopa.<pia.c f ab educatione juvenuin, quod Jovem infantem 
+aluifte perhibentur. Strabo. 
+
+N 
+
+
+one 
+
+
+
+178 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+
+one in their Sacrifices, a they placed him. in a Chair 
+and danced about him like Fools. 
+
+Another Name of her Priefts was Tel chines* Thefe 
+were famous Magicians and Enchanters ; and they came 
+from Crete to Cyprus and thence into Rhodes , which 
+latter Ifland was called Telchines from them. 13 Or, if 
+we believe others, they were deferving Men, and in¬ 
+vented many Arts for the Good of the Publick : For, 
+they firft fet up the Statues and the Images of the Gods. 
+
+The Cahiri , or Cciberl , fo called from Cahiri , Moun¬ 
+tains of Phrygia , c were either the Servants of the Gods, 
+or Gods themfelves, or rather Desmans , or the fame 
+with the Coryhantes \ for. People’s Opinions concerning 
+them are different. 
+
+The Idai Daftyli ,{ were the Servants and UJfiftanU 
+of Magna Mater \ called Idai from the Mountain Ida % 
+whore they lived; and DaEiyli c from the Fingers \ for 
+thefe Priefts were ten, like the Fingers : f They ferved 
+Rhea every-where, and in every Thing, as if they were 
+Fingers to her. g Yet many affirm, that there were 
+more than ten. 
+
+
+n VW.-o t h 9toQtrI\*w, a cornibus feriendo, 8s (3u'.»:w inceden- 
+do, Strabo, I. 1 . Plato in Euthid. b Strabo ibid. c Idem 
+jbid. li Sophocl. apad. Lil. Gyr. c Digiti cnim Gracedi- 
+cuntuiT.^7t/?.3i. f jui. Pol. I. 1 . Strabo, Diod. ap. Gyr. 
+
+
+s 
+
+
+CHAP. VIII. 
+
+CT, I. Ceres. Her Image, 
+
+
+TT OU have faid enough, dear Sir, of Cybele\ pray 
+Jl tell me, who that tall majeftick Lady is, that 
+
+ftands there, h beautified with yellow Flair, and crown- 
+
+_ ... ~ — - — - - — - ——*■ 
+
+
+h Ovid. 4. Fall. Arnobius 5. contra Gentes-. Martian. i» 
+sle Nupt. 
+
+ei 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heat belts. 1 79 
+
+e( j with aTurbant compofed of the Ears of Corn; her 
+Bofom fwells with Breafts as white as Snow. Her 
+Rio-ht-hand is filled with Poppies and Ears of Corn, 
+
+and in her Left is a lighted Torch. 
+
+
+1 
+
+SECT. II. The Explication of the Image 0 
+
+
+M. T T is Ceres , my Palaophilus , a the Daughter of 
+JL Saturn and Ops ; whole fingular Beauty made 
+the Gods themfelves her Lovers and Admirers. Her 
+Brothers Jupiter and Neptune fell in Lo.ve with her, and 
+• debauched her: b She had Preferpina by Jupiter ; and 
+by Ncptuneit is uncertain whether (he had a Daughter 
+or a Horfe: For, c as fome fay, when fhe avoided the 
+Purfuits of Neptune , who followed her, file call her- 
+felf among a Drove of Mares, and immediately put on 
+s the Shape of a Mare ; which Neptune , perceiving, he 
+made himlelf a Horfe ; and from her he begat the 
+Horfe Avion . d Ovid himfelf is of this Opinion : And 
+: from hence I fuppofe the Story comes, which c Paufa - 
+; mas relates. Upon the Mountain /Eleus in Arcadia , an 
+I? Altar was dedicated to Ceres ; her Image had the Body 
+;■ of a Woinan, but the Head of a Horfe ; it remained 
+4 intire and unhurt in the Midft of Fire. Yet others 
+l have told us, that Ceres did not bring forth a Horfe, 
+if hut a Daughter : f The Arcadians thought it a wicked 
+| Thing to call this Daughter by any other Name 
+
+F 
+
+r 4 
+
+i '■ 111 1 1 " ' r * J * ■ I ■■ I III** __ UJUI II L 
+
+► I 
+
+♦1 
+
+1 
+
+
+| a Hefiod. in Theogon. b Idem ibid. c Procl. in Georg 
+
+
+»Vire. 
+
+o 
+
+d Et fe, jla*va corn as frugum mitijjhna mater, 
+Sen fit cquum 
+
+
+
+
+The Gold-hair'd gentle Goddefs Ceres knew 
+Thee in a Horfe’s Sha^e. 
+c Paufan iasin.Arcad. ' * 
+f Paufanias in A read. 
+
+N 2 
+
+
+than. 
+
+
+i 7 8 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens\ 
+
+
+one in their Sacrifices, a they placed him in a Chair 
+and danced about him like Fools, 7 
+
+Another Name of herPriefts was Tel chines, Thefe 
+were famous Magicians and Enchanters *, and they came 
+from Crete to Cyprus , and thence into Rhodes , which 
+latter Ifland was called Telchincs from them. b Or, if 
+vee believe others* they were deferving Men, and in. 
+vented many Arts for the Good of the Publick: For, 
+they firft fet up the Statues and the Images of the Gods, 
+
+The Ccibirt , or Caberi , fo called from Cabiri , Moun¬ 
+tains of Phrygia, c were either the Servants of the Gods, 
+or Gods themfelvcs, or rather Damons, or the fame 
+with the Corybantcs ; for* People’s Opinions concerning 
+them are different. 
+
+The Idai Dadiyli ,l were the Servants and djjiflanti 
+of Magna Mater \ called Idal from the Mountain Ida, 
+where they lived ; and Dafiyli c from the Fingers *, for 
+thefe Priefts were ten, like the Fingers : f They ferved 
+Rhea every-where, and in every Thing, as if they were 
+Fingers to her. z Yet many affirm, that there were 
+more than ten. 
+
+
+a 'A7,-0 ra a. covnibus feriendo, & pcdvnv inceden* 
+
+no, Strabo, I. I. Plato in Euthid. b Strabo ibid. c Idem 
+ibid, a Sophocl. apud. Lib Gyr. c Digit! cnim Grace di- 
+cuntur f jul. Pol. i. Strabo, Diod. ap. Gyr, 
+
+
+m 
+
+
+CHAP. VIII. 
+
+SEC T. I. Ceres. Her Image. 
+
+P „ OU have faid enough, dear Sir, of Cybele\ pray 
+
+1 L tell me, who that tall majeftick Lady is, that 
+{lands there, h beautified with yellow Hair, and crown- 
+
+
+h Ovid. 4. Fad. Arnobius 5. contra Gentes-. Martian. 1. 
+de Nupt. 
+
+
+F 
+
+
+
+Of the G ods of the Heathens. 17 9 
+
+ed with aTurbant compofed of the Ears of Corn; her 
+Bofom fwells with Breads as white as Snow. Her 
+Rio-ht-hand is filled with Poppies and Ears of Corn, 
+and in her Left is a lighted Torch. 
+
+
+SECT. IL The Explication of the Image e 
+
+M. T T is Ceres , my Palaophilus , a the Daughter of 
+JL Saturn and Ops ; whofe fingular Beauty made 
+the Gods themfelves her Lovers and Admirers. Her 
+Brothers Jupiter and Nepiune fell in Lo.ve with her, and 
+debauched her: b She had Proferpina by Jupiter y and 
+by Neptune it is uncertain whether {he had a Daughter 
+or a Horfe : For, c as fome fay, when fhe avoided the 
+Purfuits of Neptune , who followed her, fhe call her- 
+feif among a Drove of Mares, and immediately put on 
+the Shape of a Mare $ which Neptune , perceiving, he 
+made himlelf a Horfe ; and from her he begat the 
+Horfe Avion. d Ovid himfelf is of this Opinion : And 
+from hence I fuppofe the Story comes, which c Paufa - 
+mas relates. Upon the Mountain EElcus in Arcadia , an 
+Altar was dedicated to Ceres ; her Image had the Body 
+of a Woman, but the Head of a Horfe ; it remained 
+intire and unhurt in the Midft of Fire. Yet others 
+hare told us, that Ceres did not bring forth a Horfe, 
+but a Daughter : f The Arcadians thought it a wicked 
+Thing to call this Daughter by any other Name 
+
+
+a Hefiod. in Theogon. b Idem ibid. c ProcL in Georg. 
+
+Vir?. 
+
+d Ei te, fla*va comas frugttm mitijjima mater y 
+Sen fit c q u u m -- - 
+
+The Gold-hair'd gentle Goddefs Ceres knew 
+Thee in a Horfe’s Sha^e. 
+e Paufanias in-Arcad. ' * 
+
+f Paufanias in A read. 
+
+N 2 than 
+
+
+2 Bo Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+than a the Lady. , or the Great Goddefs , which were the 
+
+ufual Names of her Mother Ceres. 
+
+* « 
+
+Ceres was greatly alhamed of this Difgrace : She ex¬ 
+ceedingly lamented the Lofs of her Honour, and tefti- 
+fied her Sorrow by the Mourning Cloaths, which af¬ 
+terwards foe wore (whence (he was named Mahcna , 
+M&xivr.i nigra :) She retired into the dark Recefles of 
+a Cave, where fhe lay lb privately that none of the 
+Gods knew where {he was, till Pan the God of the 
+Woods difeovered her by Chance, and told Jupiter ; 
+who, fending the Fates to her, perfuaded her at 1 aft to 
+lay afide her Grief, and rife out of the Cave , which was 
+a happy and joyful Thing for all the World. For, in 
+her Abfence, a great Infection reigned throughout all 
+Sorts of living Creatures, which fprang from the Cor¬ 
+ruption of the Fruits of the Earth, and the Granaries 
+
+cvery-where. 
+
+P. But why were the Fruits of the Earth corrupted 
+in her Abfence ? 
+
+711 . Why ? Do you not know that fhe is the Goddefs 
+of the Fruits , and that her very Name is derived b from 
+her Care, in producing or preferving the Fruits of the 
+Earth ? And have you not heard that {lie firft invented 
+and taught the Art of tilling the Earth, and fowing 
+Corn, and all Pirlfe (except Beans') and of making 
+Bread therewith, whereas before they only eat /lcorm? 
+This you may learn from c Ovid , who tells us that 
+Ceres was the fir ft that made Laws, provided whole- 
+fome Food, and taught the Ait of Hufbandry, of Plow¬ 
+ing and Sowing: For, before her Time, the Earth lay 
+
+
+a A fa-iroivcc. Domina, & Magna Dea. Ceres dicitur 
+
+ouaft Ceres a gerendis frublibus ; Aut quad Sevens vel aban* 
+tiquo Verbo Cereb> quod idem eft ac 'Creo, quod candtarum 
+fruguin creatrixait Sc altrix. Cicero 2. deMat. Deoruxn. Ma¬ 
+ter,. tie prof. Rel. c. iS. Scaligcr Sc Servius in i. Georg, 
+Caliimach. Hymn, in Cererera. 
+c PI in. 7. c. 50. 
+
+
+rough 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens .. 181 
+
+rough and uncultivated, covered with Briars, and un¬ 
+profitable Plants : where there were no Proprietors of 
+Land, they neglected to cultivate it ; when no-body 
+had any Ground of his own, they did not a care to fix: 
+Land-marks : But all Things were common to all 
+JVlen, till Ceres , who had invented the Art of Hufban- 
+dry 3 taught Men how to exercife it and then they be¬ 
+gan to contend and difpute about the .Limits of thofe 
+/ Fields, from whofe Culture,they reaped fo much Pro¬ 
+fit : And from lienee it was neceflary that Laws fhould 
+be enabled to determine the Rights and Properties of 
+thofe who contended. For this Reafon Ceres wa,s 
+, named the b Foundrefs of .Laws. 
+
+P. I underftand now the Meaning of her Crown 
+1 made of Corn ; but yet .I do not fee what that .Handful 
+' of Poppies fignifies. 
+
+M. I will explain the Signification of that alfo in 
+its Place; but firft let me fpeak offome other Things. 
+
+5 As, r. Sheds beautiful and well-fhaped, becaufe the 
+Earth, which fhe refembles, appears beautiful and de- 
+lightful to the Beholders; efpecialiy when it is array- 
+| ed with Plants, diversified with Trees, adorned with 
+Flowers, enriched with Fruits, and covered with 
+
+h y * 
+
+| Greens ; when it difplays the Honours of the .Spring, 
+i and pours forth the Gifts of Autumn with a bountiful 
+I Hand. 
+
+n 
+
+s-------— 
+
+| a Prhna Ceres unco gleham dimo'vit aratro 9 
+I Pri/na dedit fruges alimentaque mitia t err is , 
+
+a Prima dedit leges . Cereris fiait omnia tnunus* 
+
+I Ceres was fhe who firft our Furrows plough’d : 
+
+I Who gave fweet Fruits, and eafy Food allow’d, 
+jj Ceres firft tam’d us with her gentle Laws, 
+
+I From her kind Hand the World Subfiftance draws. 
+Autjfgnare qutefcm, aut part ini limite campion. 
+
+Or to make Land-marks, or to balk their Fields. 
+c Lcgifera, Sc G razee Beo-(/. 6 <po^q ; cjufque facra dicebantur 
+
+: Vocabatur etiam Ceres quafi Typiivflgt id 
+
+Fl. Terra Mater. Virg. iEn. 3. & Serviusibid. 
+
+N 3 2. Her 
+
+
+
+p 
+
+I 
+
+182 Of the Gods of the Heathens , 
+
+2 - Her Hair is yellow , and when the Ears of Corn 
+are ripe, they are adorned with that golden Colour. 
+
+3. Her Breafts fwell with Milk ( a whence fhe is (tiled 
+JMammofa fometimes) b becaufe after the Earth is im¬ 
+pregnated with Seed, and big with the Fruits thereof, 
+it brings forth all Things out of itfelf in Abundance, 
+and, like a Mother, feeds and nourifhes us \ whence 
+Ihe is called c Alma , and d Altrix nojlra . 
+
+4. She holds a lighted Torch ; becaufe, when Pro - 
+ferpina was ftolen away by Pluto , her Mother® Ceres 
+
+was greatly afftitted at the Lofs of her Daughter, and 
+being verydehrous to find her again, {he kindled her 
+Torches (they fay) with the Flames, which burft from 
+the Top of the Mountain / Etna \ and with them fought 
+her Daughter through the whole World. 
+
+5. She carries Poppy; becaufe, when through Grief 
+fhe could not obtain the lead; Reft or Sleep, Jupiter 
+gave her Poppy to eat: f For, they fay, this Plant is 
+endued with a Power to create Sleep and Forgetful- 
+nefs. Her Grief was a little allayed by Sleep, but fhe 
+forgot not her Lofs, and, after many Voyages and 
+Journeys, {he at laft heard where Proferpina was, as 
+you will hear in its proper Place. 
+
+P. But what is that young Man that fits in a'Cha¬ 
+riot drawn by flying Serpents ? 
+
+M. It is PriptolemuSy in the Chariot which Ceres 
+gave him. He was the Son of Eleufius , or Ceres ^ a 
+Nobleman. Ceres brought him up from his Infancy, 
+upon this Occafion: Whilft fhe fought Proferpina by 
+Sea and Land, s upon the Way fhe came into the City 
+Eleujis , where the Father of Triptolemus entertained 
+her; whofe Kindnefs fhe requited, by breeding up his 
+
+
+a . Lil. Gyral. Synt. 14. b Cicero 2. & 3. de Nat. Deor. 
+c Virgil. 1. Georg. d Cicero de Nat. Deor. 2. c Cicero 
+in Verrem. f Serv. in. 1. Georg. 
+
+£ Callimachus in hymnis Cereris. 
+
+* * ^ & 
+
+
+young 
+
+
+
+
+Ofihe Gods of the Heathens. i S 3 
+
+young Son,. whom, in the Day-time file fed a with.**- 
+Jejiial and divine Milk^ but in the N-ight covered him 
+all over with Fire. .The Child in a few Days became 
+a beautiful young Man, by this extraordinary Manner 
+■of Education; infomuch that his Father, greatly won¬ 
+dering at this fpeedy Prog refs, was very defirous to 
+know how Ceres dealt with his Son ; he therefore 
+looked through a fmall Hole, and .faw Ceres cover his 
+Son Triptolemus with burning Coals. This affrighted 
+him fo, that he -cried out, that Ceres was murdering 
+his Son, wherefore he ran into the Room to fave 
+him. Ceres punifhed his imprudent Curiofity with 
+Death; then putting "Triptolemus in the Chariot that 
+you fee, file fent him throughout the World to fhew 
+Mankind the Ufe of Corn. He executed her Com¬ 
+mands fo faithfully, and taught Men the Art of Huf- 
+bandry, or Sowing and Reaping, and of threfhing the 
+Corn fo well, that he obtained his Name b Triptolemus 
+from thence. c Ovid gives us an excellent Deferip- 
+tion hereof in the End of the Fifth Book, of his Alcta - 
+morphofis „ 
+
+
+a Servius;in Georg. i. b Triptolemus dicitur quafi 
+
+rgtyut recq JAoh;, -id ell, hordeum terens. Hygin. fab. 147. 
+
+c - Gtint720s dea fertilis afigues 
+
+Currihus admoajit, free ?iifq tie coercuit ora, 
+
+‘ Et inednini cadi terresque per aera ajedia efl. 
+
+Atque lenjem cur rum Tritonida mijit in arcem 
+Triptole?220 ; partimque rudi data Jemina jujjit 
+Spargere hnmo, pariitn pofi tempora longa recult a. 
+
+Ceres her. Chariot mounts : Yok’d Dragons fland. 
+
+Tame and obedient to her gentle Hand : 
+
+With flretch’d-out Wings, thro’ yielding Air they fly. 
+Till Ceres fends her Chariot from the Skv, 
+
+To good Triptolemus , her Athenian Friend ; 
+
+Triptolemus, whofe ufeful Cares intend 
+
+The common Good: Seed was the Chariot’s Load, 
+
+
+.Which fhe on him for publick Ufe bellow’d; 
+Partfhe for fallow Fields new plough’d delign’d. 
+And.Part for Land by frequent Tilth refin’d 
+
+N 4 
+
+
+Pe But 
+
+
+
+184 Of the Gods of the Heathens <, 
+
+P. But what Evet is that near the Wheel of Cereh 
+Chariot? for I fancy I fee an Evet there. 
+
+JVL That Creature was once a Boy, whom Ceres 9 for 
+his Malapertnefs, changed into a little Beall like a Li¬ 
+zard. For-when Ceres was very weary with Travelling, 
+and thirfty, flie came to a Cottage, and begged a little 
+Water co vvafh her Mouth, of an old Woman that lived 
+there: The old Woman not only gave her Water, but 
+alfo Barley-broth; which when the Goddefs fupped up 
+greedily, the Woman’s Son Stelllo , a fancy Boy, mocked 
+her. This raifed Ceres’s Anger fo far, that in a Rage, 
+file flung fome of the Broth into the Boy’s Face, a who 
+was thereby changed into an Evet or Newt . 
+
+But do you fee the Man rolling himfelf upon the 
+Ground, and tearing and eating his own Flefh ? 
+
+P. I obferve him : What is his Name, and why is 
+he fo cruel to himfelf? 
+
+M. They call him Erifichthon . In Contempt of the 
+Sacrifices of Ceres, he defiled her Groves, and cut down 
+one of her Oaks 5 for which he was punifhed with per¬ 
+petual Hunger : So that, when he has devoured all the 
+Meat and Food which he can by any Ways procure, 
+he is forced to eat his own Flefh, to fupport his own 
+Body; and to bring upon himfelf an horrible Death, 
+
+the better to fuftain his Life. 
+
+• • 
+
+? Fugit anum ' 9 latebramque petit , apt unique colori 
+Nomen ha bet, <variis flellatus corpora guttis . 
+
+Flies the old Wife, and creeps into a Hole, 
+
+And’from his fpeckled Back a Name he gets. 
+
+
+SECT. III. 
+
+
+of 
+
+
+A mo - _ _ _ — . 
+
+ted to the Honour of Ceres , thefe which follow 
+are the chief; Eleufmia (by which b Name the God- 
+
+. 4 * * 1 ' * 
+
+
+
+b Paufan. in Atticis. 
+
+
+clefs 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 185 
+
+Jefs herfelf was alfo known) were fo called, becaufe 
+they were firft celebrated in the City Eleujis . Of thefe 
+were two Sorts ; the Major a , confecrated to Ceres, and 
+the Minor# to Prefer pin a. a It was a Cuflom, that 
+thofe, who were initiated in the Majora, never pulled 
+off the Cloaths, which they then wore, till they fell off 
+in Rags. b In. both the Major# and Minora , a perpe¬ 
+tual and wonderful Silence was kept: To publifh. any 
+Thing concerning them was a Crime 3 whence came 
+the Proverb concerning filcnt Perfons , ‘Ea Evalvta. 
+
+[.Attica Eleujinia ; and the Word Myfterium fignifies a 
+religious Rite , from [yhA/a] os claitdo , .Lighted 
+
+Torches were ufed in their Sacrifices, c becaufe Ceres ^ 
+with them, fought Proferpina\ and, up and down the 
+Streets and the Highways, they cried out Proferpina , 
+till they had filled all Places with their difmal Rowl¬ 
+ings. Games were celebrated in thefe Sacrifices, in 
+which the Victors <l were honoured with a Barley Crown . 
+
+The c Tbefmophoria were inftituted by Triptolcnius ; 
+and thofe Women, who vowed perpetual Chaftity, 
+were initiated in them. For fome Days a Faft was 
+kept; and Wine was f altogether banifhed from her 
+Altar; whence this Expreflion came Cereri nuptias fa- 
+cere, which (among the Ancients) fignifies a Feaff 
+where there was no Wine. Swine were facrificed to 
+this Goddefs, g becaufe they hurt the Fruits of the 
+
+
+a Plut. in Demetrio. b Ariffoph. in Pluto. c Seneca 
+L 7. Nat. Quarff. c. 31. 
+d NotturmJ'quc Hecate iriajiis uhdata per urhes. 
+
+yTneid. vide Servium. 
+And Hecate by Night ador’d with Shrieks. 
+
+c ‘Pindar. in Iffhm. f Pliny, 1 . 24. Servius in ^Eneid. j. 
+2 Prim a Ceres a<vida gwvifa ejl fangziine poverty 
+
+Hit a faas merita e<ede nocentes opes* Ovid. Faff. 1 . i„ 
+Crrcs with Blood of Swine we bell: atone, 
+
+Vi hich thus requite the Mifchiefs they have done. 
+
+£ 
+
+
+Earth® 
+
+
+184 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+P. But what Evet is that near the Wheel of Ceres's 
+Chariot? for I fancy I fee an Evet there. 
+
+JVL That Creature was once a Boy, whom Ceres , for 
+his Malapertnefs, changed into a little Beaftlike a Li¬ 
+zard. For-when Ceres was very weary with Travelling, 
+and thirfly, fhe came to a Cottage, and begged a little 
+XVater to wafh her Mouth, of an old Woman that lived 
+there: The old Woman not only gave her Water,but 
+alfo Barley-broth ;• which when the Goddefs fupped up 
+greedily, the Woman’s Son Stellio , a faucy Boy, mocked 
+her. This raifed Ceres ’s Anger fo far, that in a Rage, 
+fhe flung fome of the Broth into the Boy’s Face, a who 
+was thereby changed into an Evet or Nezvt. 
+
+But do you fee the Man rolling himfelf upon the 
+Ground, and tearing and eating his own Flefh ? 
+
+P. I obferve him : What is his Name, and why is 
+he fo cruel to himfelf ? 
+
+M. They call him Eriftchthon. In Contempt of the 
+Sacrifices of Ceres , he defiled her Groves, and cut down 
+one of her Oaks ; for which he was punifhed with per¬ 
+petual Hunger : So that, when he has devoured all the 
+Meat and Food which he can by any Ways procure, 
+Lie is forced to eat his own Flefh, to fupport his own 
+Body; and to bring upon himfelf an horrible Death, 
+the better to fuftain his Life. 
+
+• • • 
+
+? Fugit an um> latebramque petit , apt unique colort 
+Nomen habet , njariis Jiellatus corpora guttis . 
+
+Flies the old Wife, and creeps into a Hole, 
+
+And from his ipeckled Back a Name he gets. 
+
+SECT. Ili. rhe Sacrifices of Ceres. 
+
+t 
+
+A MONG all the Cerealia , or 'Sacrifices inftitu- 
+
+ted to the Honour of Ceres , thefe which foliow 
+are the chief; Eleujinia (by which b Name the God- 
+
+• « - - - I * * - * ♦ ' * ^ * Mfll 
+
+b Paufan. in Atticis, 
+
+• ■ " clefs 
+
+w 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 185 
+
+^efs herfelf was alfo known) were fo called, becaufe 
+they were firft celebrated in the City Elcujis . Of thefe 
+were two Sorts ; the Major a , confecrated to Ceres , and 
+the Minora to Proferpina . a It was a Cuftom, that 
+thofe, who were initiated in the Major a , never pulled 
+off the Cloaths, which they then wore, till they fell off 
+in Rags. b In both the Major a and Minora , a perpe¬ 
+tual and wonderful Silence was kept: To publifh any 
+Thing concerning them was a Crime; whence came 
+the Proverb concerning fdent P erf ons , hWW' 
+
+Elcujinia ; and the Word Myjlerium fignifies a 
+religious Rite , from M ^ 5 0$ clciudo . Righted 
+
+Torches were ufed in their Sacrifices, c becaufe Geres? 
+with them, fought Proferpina ; and, up and down the 
+Streets and the Highways, they cried out Proferpina , 
+till they had filled all Places with their difmal Rowl¬ 
+ings. Games were celebrated in thefe Sacrifices, in 
+which the Vifiors d were honoured with a Barley Crown. 
+
+The c Tbefmophoria were inftituted by Triptolcinus ; 
+and thofe Women, who vowed perpetual Chaftity, 
+were initiated in them. For fome Days a Faff was 
+kept; and Wine was f altogether baniftied from her 
+Altar; v/hence this ExprelHon came Cereri nuptias fa- 
+core , which (among the Ancients) fignifies a Feaft 
+where there was no Wine. Swine were facrificed to 
+this Goddefs, s becaufe they hurt the Fruits of the 
+
+
+
+a Plut. in Demetrio. b Ariffoph. in Pluto. c Seneca 
+1 . 7. Nat. Quarft. c. 3(0 
+
+d Nofturtiifque Hecate triajiis uhdata per urbes . 
+
+vFneid. vide Servium. 
+And Hecate by Night ador’d with Shrieks. 
+
+L Pindar, in Iithm. f Pliny, 1 . 24. Servius in .iEneid. 3. 
+2 Prim a Ceres a<vida? ga<vifa eji favguine porca?> 
+
+UltaJ'uas meritd c<ede nocentes opes. Ovid. Fail. 1. i„ 
+f rc * with Blood of Swine we bell: atone, 
+fach thus requite the Mifchiefs they have done. 
+
+% 
+
+
+Earth* 
+
+
+18 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+Earth. And Garlands, a compofed of Ears of Corn, 
+were offered to -her. 
+
+fbnbarvalia were inftituted to purge the Fields, and 
+to beg Fruitfulnefs and Plenty. They v/ere fo called, 
+* becaufe the Sacrifices were led about the Fields ; as the 
+Suburbs [ Amburbiu7iz\ v/ere efteemed facred 5 becaufe 
+the Sacrifice was carried round the City. Thefe Sacri¬ 
+fices were performed by Hufbandmen, c who carried a 
+Sow big with young, or a Cow-calf, through the Corn 
+and the Hay, in the Begiuning of Harveft, thrice •> the 
+Countrymen following him with Dancing, and Leap¬ 
+ing, and Acclamations of Joy, till all the Helds run g 
+with the Noife. In the mean Time, one of them, a- 
+dorned with a Crown, fung the Praifesof Ceres ; and af¬ 
+ter they had offered an Oblation of mixed with 
+
+Honey and Milk, before they began to reap, they fa- 
+crificed the Sow to her. The Rites of thefe FLinbca- 
+
+. _ • f 
+
+CHAR 
+
+
+valla are beautifully deferibed by Virgih 
+
+
+
+3 Flava Ceres , tihi fit nofiro de rure corona 
+Spicea, qua: templi pendent ante fores . 
+
+To thee, fairGoddefs, we’ll a Garden plait 
+Of Ears of Corn, t’adorn thy Temple Gate. 
+b Quod vi&ima ambiret arva: Serv. in 1. Georg. 
+
+c Virg. 3* HT 
+
+d Cun hi a tihi Cererem pubes agreflis adoret : 
+
+Cut tu ladle fet vos, & miti dilue Baccho y 
+“Ferque novas clrcum felix eat hofhafruges ; 
+
+Gmms qzsam chorus t3 foci 2 comitentur ovanteSy 
+Ft Cererem clamore vocent in ted?a .* r.eqne ante 
+Falcem mat avis quifquam fupponat arifiis , 
+ffgam Cercriy tort a redimitus temper a quercu , 
+
+Det mot us incompofitos , & car min a die at. 
+
+Let every Swain adore her Power divine. 
+
+And Milk and Honey mix with fparkling Wine ; 
+Let all the Choir of Clowns attend this Show, 
+
+In long Proceffion fhouting as they go ; 
+
+Invoking her to blefs their yearly Stores,. 
+Inviting Plenty to their crowned Floors. 
+
+
+Tibullu 
+
+
+So 
+
+
+Thus 
+
+
+
+
+
+; ■ i.. :wnr 
+
+
+Pujrc / % 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+2B 7 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+Thus In the Spring, and thus in Summer’s Heat, 
+Before the Sickles touch the rip’ning Wheat, 
+
+On Ceres call, and let the hib’ring Hind 
+With Oaken Wreaths his hollow Temples bind : 
+On Ceres let him call, and Ceres praife. 
+
+With uncouth Dances, and with Country-Lays 0 
+
+
+
+CHAP- IX. 
+
+
+SECT. I. rfhe Muses. ST heir Image . 
+
+P o What Beauty, what Sweetnefs, what Elegance 
+
+is here ! 
+
+M* You mean in thefe Nine Virgins , a that are 
+crowned with Palms ; Do you not ? 
+
+P. Certainly. How pleafantly and kindly they 
+fmile ! How decent and becoming is their Drefs! How 
+handfomely do they fit together in the Shade of that 
+Laurel Arbour ! How fkilfully fome of them play on 
+the Harp, fome upon the Cittern, fome upon the Pipe, 
+fome upon the Cymbal, and fome harmonioufly fmg 
+and play at once ! Methinks I hear them with united 
+Minds, Voice and Hands, make an agreeable Concord 
+arifing from their different Inftruments, governing their 
+lev era 1 Voices in fuch a Manner, that they make the 
+mofl noble Harmony, whofe pleafing Charms, entering 
+into my Ears, ravifh my Mind with Pleafure. 
+
+M. They are the Mufes b the Miftreffes of all the 
+Sciences, the Prefidents of the Muficians and Pods , 
+and the Governors of the Feafts and Solemnities of the 
+Gods. c Jupiter begat them of the Nymph Mnemofyne , 
+who afterwards brought them forth upon the Moun¬ 
+tain Fieri us. Some affirm that they had other Parents, 
+
+
+3 Corint. 
+Muf. 
+
+Bub 50. 
+
+
+apud Lil. Gyrald. p 
+b Hefiod. in Theog. 
+
+
+560. Orph. in Hymn, 
+c Tzetzes Chil. 6„ 
+
+
+and 
+
+
+
+
+£-88 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 
+
+and a ancient Writers fay, that they lived before 
+piter , and were the Daughters of Ccelujn . They are 
+called the Daughters of Jupiter and Mnemofyne (which, 
+in Greek? fignifies Me?nofy) becaufe all Students and 
+Scholars ought not only to have great Ingenuity, but 
+ready Memories* 
+
+
+2 Muf. ap. LiL Gyr. 
+
+
+SECT* II* 5 The Names of the Muses. 
+
+X HE A'fofeSi or Mufa^ were formerly called Mo~ 
+
+fa^ and were fo named from a a Gr£ek Word, 
+that ngnines to enquire ; becaufe Alen, by enquiring o.f 
+them, learn the Things of which they were before 
+ignorant. But others fay, they had their Name from 
+their Refemhlance , becaufe there is a Similitude, and 
+an Affinity and Relation betwixt all the Sciences; in 
+which they agree together, and are united with one 
+another. Wherefore the Mufes are often painted with 
+their Hands joined, dancing in a Ring; in the Middle 
+of them fits Apollo , their Commander and Prince. The 
+pencil of Nature deferibed them in that Manner upon 
+the Agate which Pyrrhus , who made War againft the 
+Roinans , wore in a Ring. For in it was a Reprefenta- 
+iion of the Nine Mufes , and Apollo holding a Harp; and 
+thefe Figures were not delineated by Art, but by the 
+c fpontaneous Handy-work of Nature; and the Veins 
+of the Stone were formed fo regularly, that every Mufe 
+had her particular Diftindlion. 
+
+
+a ’Atto TfcT [jA ecu, id eft, ab inquirendo. Plato in Gratylo. 
+15 M Serai, qua!! opoiovc-cti, id eft, ftmiles, Cafhodor, c Plin. 
+1 - 27 ^ c. i. 
+
+
+SECT 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+i 89 
+
+
+SECT III. The 
+
+
+Names of the 
+
+
+
+HAT were the proper Names of each of the 
+Mufes'? 
+
+M- They had each of them a Name derived from 
+fome particular Accomplifhment of their Minds or 
+Bodies. 
+
+The Firft, ' Calliope , was fo called ^ from the Sweet- 
+nr fs of her Voice 5 £he prefutes over Rhetoric!: , and is 
+efteetned the moft excellent of all the Nine. 
+
+The Second, Clio, is fo named from b Glory. For 
+fhe is the Hiftorical Mufe, and takes her Name from 
+the Famoufiefs of the Things file records. 
+
+The Third, Erato , has her Name c from Love , be¬ 
+caufe (he lings of Amours ; or bee aide learned Men 
+are belcvccl and praifed by others. She is alfo called 
+Salt air ix j for fhe firft invented the Art of Dancing, 
+over which file p refuted. She was alfo the In ventre fs 
+of Poetry. 
+
+The Fourth, Thalia , from tl her Gaiety , Brifknefs 
+andPleafantry $ becaufe file fings pleafantly and wan¬ 
+tonly. Some aferibe to her the Invention of Comedy 
+others of Geometry. 
+
+The Fifth, Melpomene , from e the Excellency of her 
+Song, and the Melody foe makes when fhe fings. She is 
+fuppofed to prefide over Tragedy , and to have invented 
+Sonnets. 
+
+The Sixth, Ter p/ichor e , has her Name from f the 
+Plcafure foe takes in Dancing 9 becaufe fhe delights in 
+Balls. Some call her Githarijlria. 
+
+
+■> 
+
+
+'t* 
+
+
+
+
+b ? a \ ** * 
+
+A 7TQ rev KASt}<; 7 
+
+w _ • Schol. Ap. I. 
+
+5/ >1^- ab am ore. Ovid, de Arte. 1. 2 . d hWo toiT 
+
+
+a ’/.cto iLOtfhr.c; 07 T 7 } q-> a {mlvitate VOC2S. 
+
+a Gloria fc. reruni geftaruro cjuas memorat 
+
+Attq TOV _ 
+
+Am 1 , id eft, virere, germinare. Sc fiorere. Proc. in He- 
+fiod. c a (/Jort&t/.cci cantor & modulor, vel «Vo rov 
+
+•stcittv concentam facere. f ’A?ro *qo°d. 
+
+Choreis deiefletur. The 
+
+
+
+1 go Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+The Seventh Euterpe , or Enterpia , from a 
+
+for Singing . Some call her Tibicina ; becaufe 
+according to them, fhe prefides over the Pipes : And 
+fome fay. Logick was invented by her. 
+
+The Eighth, Polyhy?nnia, or Polymnia , or Polymnew 
+from b her excellent Memory : And therefore the Inven¬ 
+tion of writing Hiftory is attributed to her ; which re¬ 
+quires a good Memory- It was owing to her, c That 
+the Songflers add , to the Verfes that they Jing , Hands and 
+Fmgers , which fpeak ?nore than the Tongue; an exprcjfroe 
+Silence ; <2 Language without Words 5 i/z Jhort, Gejlure and 
+Action. 
+
+The Ninth,, d Urania , was fo called either becaufe 
+fhe fings of divine Things; or becaufe, through her 
+Affiftance, Men are praifed to the Sides \ or becaufe, 
+by the Sciences, they become converfant in the Con¬ 
+templation of Things CeleftiaL 
+
+Bahufius , a modern Poet, has comprifed the Names 
+of thefe nine Mufcs in a e Diftich : That is, he has 
+made the nine Mufes to Hand, which is fomethino- 
+ftrange, but upon eleven Feet. Perhaps you will re¬ 
+member their Names better, when they are thus joined 
+together in two Verfes. 
+
+
+2 Ab £ y TEgynjc, jucunda nempein concentu b a nohU 
+
+tnultus, memoria. c Plut. in Syinpof. quod car- 
+
+iriinibus additre lint Orcheflxarum loquacifiimae manus, lin- 
+guofi digiti, filentium clamofum, expofitio tacita, uno verbo 
+geftus & a£tio. d J Ao ry yjayy, a Coelo. 
+
+c Calliope , Polymneia , j Erato, Clio , citque Thalia , 
+Melpomene, Euterpe, Terpjichore, XJrania . Babul. 4 . Epig. j, 
+
+SECT, IV. The Names common to all the 
+
+Muses. 
+
+< 
+
+P. TI 7 HAT Names have the Mufes common to 
+
+V V them all ? 
+
+AT* The mofl remarkable are. 
+
+
+Hcli cenides , 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+
+HcUcontdes , or Helico?iiades , from the Mountain He- 
+lim in Baeotia. 
+
+ParnaJJides , from the Mountain ParnaJJus in Pbocis 9 
+which has two Heads 5 a where if any Perfon flept, he 
+prefen tly became a Poet* It was anciently called Lar* 
+taps, from Larnace , the Aric of Deucalion , which rett¬ 
+ed here, and was named ParnaJJus , after the Flood*, 
+from an Inhabitant of this Mountain fo called. 
+
+Cither ides or Cither iadesy from the Mountain Citbe- 
+
+rorty where they dwelt- 
+
+
+AonideSy from the Country Aonia . 
+
+Pieridesy or Pieria* b from the Mountain PieruSy or 
+Pieriay in Thrace \ or from the Daughters of Pierius 
+and Anippc\ who, daring to contend with the Mufes* 
+
+were changed into Pyes. * 
+
+Pegafides and Hippocrenides , from the famous Foun¬ 
+tain Helicon y which, by the Greeks is called c Hippa- 
+crency and, by the Latins* d Caballinus* both which 
+Words fignify theHorfe’s Fountain : It was alfo named 
+PcgafeiuSy from Pegafus the 'winged Horfe , c who link¬ 
+ing a Stone in this Place with his Foot, opened the 
+Fountain, f and the Waters of it became I'ocaL 
+
+Aganippidesy or Aganipfca* from the Fountain Aza** 
+nippe . 6 
+
+Cajialicles , from the Fountain Cajlalius at the Foot of 
+Parnajfus . 
+
+
+
+a Pvriius in Procemio. * Idem ibid. * Ah I Woe 
+
+equus, & fons. d Caballinus a Caballus, id eft, 
+equus. c Ovid. 5. Metam. f Sidonius Apollin. 
+
+
+SECT. V. 
+
+
+Number of 
+
+
+P. 
+
+
+W HAT was the Number of the A/Pufes? 
+
+Some write, a that they were but 
+i hree in the Beginning becaufe Sound* out of which 
+
+
+* Var. apud Auguft. 
+
+
+ail 
+
+
+
+igz Of the Gods of the Heathens - 
+
+all Singing is formed, is natural !y threefold\ either mad? 
+by the Voice alone; or by blowing, as in Pipes : or by 
+ftriking as in Citterns or Drums. Or, it may be, be- 
+caufe there are three Tones of the Voice or other In. 
+firuments, the Bcife, the Tenor, and the Treble . *(j r 
+becaufe Three is the molt perfect of Numbers ; for it 
+agrees to the Perfons of the Godhead. b Or, ialUy, 
+becaufe all the Sciences are diflributed into threegene¬ 
+ral Parts, P‘bilof*phy , Rbctorick , and Ad’athemailcks\ and 
+each three Parts are subdivided into three other Parts 
+Philofophy , into LogicEthicks? and Phyfcks ; Rheiorhk 
+into the Dcmonflrative , Deliberative , and 'JudicialKind-, 
+uVI a thematic ks into Adufick^ Geometry , and 'Arithmciick: 
+Whence it came to pafs, that they reckoned not only 
+Three Mufes but Nine. 
+
+Others give us a different Reafon why they are Nine. 1 
+c When the Citizens of Sicyon appointed three fkilful 
+Artificers to make the Statues of the Three Mufes , pro- 
+mifing to chufe thofe three Statues out of the Nine, 
+which they liked belt 5 they were all fo well made that 
+they could nofc.tell which to chufe ; fo that they brought 
+them all, and placed them in the Temples: And Hrjiod 
+afterwards affign’d to them the Names mention’d above. 
+
+JP. Were they Virgins ? 
+
+A/I. ,l Some affirm- it; and others deny* it, who rec¬ 
+kon up their Children. But, however 5 let no Perfon 
+defpife the A/tufes , unlefs he deflgns to bring Deftruflion 
+upon himfelf by the Example of Thainyrasox T'ba?nyris; 
+e who, being conceited of his own Beauty and Skill in 
+Singing, prefumed to challenge the Mufes to ling, up¬ 
+on Condition, that, if he was overcome, they fliould 
+puniffi him as they pleafed. And after he was over¬ 
+come, he was deprived at once both of his Harp and his 
+Eyes. 
+
+
+a Cenforin. de die natali. b Phur. de Deorum Natnra. 
+c Var. ibid, ex Lil. Gyr. p. 261. d Plato ap. eundem. Vide 
+Nat. Com. e Homer. Iliad. 2. Plut. de Mufica. 
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 193 
+
+% 
+
+« 
+
+CHAP. X. 
+
+Themis, Astr^a, Nemesis. 
+
+p t HE SE three GoddefTes, I fee, contrive and 
+I consult together of Affairs of great Moment,, 
+]£ I fuppofe fo : For the Bufinefs of them is al- 
+ujoft the fame : The fame Function is incumbent upon 
+each of them. But, however, let us infpedl them all 
+
+fingly* 
+
+Themis, the nrft of them, a is the Daughter of Cae¬ 
+lum and 'Terra . According to the b Signification of her 
+Name, her Office is to inflrudl Mankind to do Things 
+honeft, juft, and right. c Wherefore her Images were 
+brought and placed before thofe who were about to 
+fpcak to the People, that they might be admonifhed 
+thereby to fay nothing in publick, but what was juft 
+and righteous. Some fay, 11 fhe fpoke Oracles at Del¬ 
+phi ^ before /lpolio ; though c Homer fays, that flie ferved 
+Apollo with Ne&ar and Ambrofia. There was another 
+Themis , of whom JttJiice , Law , and Peace are faid to be 
+born. Hefzocl , by way of Eminence, calls her f Mode ft , 
+bccaufe fhe was afhamed to fee any Thing that is done 
+againft Right and Equity. Eufebius calls her Carmen - 
+ta\ z becaufe, by her Verfe and Precepts , flic directs every 
+one to that which is juft: When he means a different 
+Carmenta from the Roman Carmcnta , who was the Mo¬ 
+ther of Evunder j otlierwife called Themis TAicoJlrata , a 
+
+
+a Hefiod. in Theogon. b enim. figniiicat fas . 
+
+c Ex Lii. Gyr. d Ex Ovidii Metam. 1 . i. e Hymn, 
+in Apollinem. f Vw&hAtjv, id eft, pudibundam. Hefiod. 
+in T leogon. s Quod carminibus edi£tifque fuis prxei- 
+
+piat unicuique quod juftum eft. Eufebius, 1 . 3. Prsep. 
+Evang. 
+
+
+o 
+
+
+pro- 
+
+
+*94 
+
+
+Of the Gods- of the Heathens 
+
+
+prophetical Lady. a She was worfhipped by the Roniam 
+becaufe (lie prophefied ;..and was called Carmenta ,either 
+b from the Vet'fe in.which file uttered her Predictions 
+or c from the JVladncfs which feemed to po fiefs her when 
+file prophefied. To this Lady an Altar was dedicated 
+near the Gate Gar?nentali $, by the Capitol and a Tem¬ 
+ple was built to her Honour alfo upon this Occafiou. 
+tl The Senate forbad the married Women the Ufeof 
+Litters or Sedans ; they combined together, and refoly- 
+ed that they would never bring Childrenunlefs their 
+Hufbands refeinded that Edi£t: They kept to this 
+Agreement with fo much Refolution, that the Senate 
+was obliged to change their Sentence, and yield to the 
+Women’s Will,- and'allow them all Sedans- and Cha¬ 
+riots again. And when their Wives conceived,, and. 
+brought forth fine Children, they ere£ted a Temple 
+in Honour of Carmenta■. 
+
+
+AJlraa* c the Daughter of Jurora ^nd AJlraus^ the. 
+"Titan (or, as others rather fay,-, the Daughter of Jupi¬ 
+ter and Tbnnis) was efteemed f the Princcfs of JuJlice, 
+The Poets feign, that in.the Gclde?i Age fhe defcendeA 
+from Heaven to the Earth ;* and being offended’at -lafi: 
+by the Wickednefs of Mankind, s fhe returned to Hea¬ 
+ven a train, after all the other Gods had gone before her. 
+
+• O 7 _ _ ^ . . « 1 , 1 XT r 
+
+
+She is many Times diredily. called by the Name of 
+Juflitia ; as particularly by h Virgil And when fhe had 
+
+
+.1! 
+
+
+3 - Solinus in deferiptione Romrc.- b ^ Carmine,.Ovid. 
+Faff. c Quali carens mente. d Vide Ovid, in Hdlis, 1 * 3 » 
+c Hefiod. in Theogon. f Juflitia: antiftita. 
+
+? Viola jacet pietas y uirgo csede madentes■ 
+
+Ultima cce lefl dm terras AJlr/ea r eh quit.* 
+
+All Duty dies, and weary'd Juftice flies- 
+
+From bloody Earth at lath and mounts the Skies. 
+
+- - - extrema per illos . 
+
+Juftitia exccdens tends <zjeftigiafieit . Virg, Geoig. . 2, 
+
+
+ju flic el aft took her Flight from hence, and-here 
+The Prints of her-departing Steps appear, returned' 
+
+3 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 195 
+
+♦ ^ 
+
+returned to Heaven again, fhe was placed where we 
+now fee the Conftellation u Virgo. 
+
+The Parents of Ncmefis were b 'Jupiter and NeQeJJity ; 
+or ? according to others, Nox and Oceanus . She was 
+the Goddefs that re warded Virtue, and punifhed Vice 5 
+and fhe taught Men their Duty ; fo that fhe received 
+her Name c from the DiJlributio 7 i that jhe ?nacle to every 
+body* Jupiter enjoyed her, as die Story fays, in the 
+Shape of a Goofe 5 d after which file brought forth an - 
+Eg-g, which fhe gave to a Shepherd, whom fhe met* 
+to be' carried to Ldda, Leda laid up the Egg in a Box* 
+and Helena was foon after produced of that Egg. But 
+others give us quite different Accounts of the Matter, 
+The Romans certainly facrificed to this Goddefs, when 
+: they went to War; whereby they iignified that they 
+never took up Arms, unlefs in a juff Caufe. She is 
+called by another Name, A dr aft tea , from Adrajius , a 
+King of the Argives^ who firft built an Altar to her: 
+
+' Or, perhaps, from the c Difficulty of efcaping from her ; 
+
+! becaufe no guilty Perfon can flee from the Punifhrheht 
+■ due to his Crime, though fometimes JuJlice overtakes 
+\ him late: She has indeed f Wings, but does not al~ 
+
+: ways ufe them, but then s the flower her Foot is, the 
+; harder is her Hand. 
+
+Rhammifia is another Name of this Goddefs, from 
+; Rharnnus , a Town in Attica , h where fhe had a Tem- 
+
+i pie; in which 1 there was a Statue of her made of one 
+
+* 
+
+\ 
+
+
+a Boccat. J. 4. Geneal. Deor. b Paufan. in Arcnd. 
+c Atto evrivsfAjcrs&f, a diilributione quae unicuique 
+
+fit, Plato de Legibus Dial. f! Apollodor. lib. a. Bibiioth. 
+c Ab non, & hopdo-xw fugio, quod videlicet nemo nocens 
+efhigere queat pamam fuis fceleribus debitam. 
+f Paufan. in Atticis. 
+
+s dd feelerum patnas ullrix ntenit ira c Tonantis i , 
+
+Hoc graviore ma?m, quo gra^viore p-de. 
+
+Vengeance divine to punifli Sin moves flow. 
+
+The flower is its Pace, the furer is its Blow* 
+h Strabo. 1 . g. * In Atticis. 
+
+O 2 Stone* 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+
+Stone, ten Cubits high \ fhe holds the Bough of an 
+Apple-tree in her Hand \ and has a Crown upon her 
+Head, in which many Images of Doer were engraven, 
+a She had alfo a Wheel, which denoted her Swiftnefs 
+when fhe punifheth. 
+
+
+a Sed Dea , qu<rs niijiiis cbJJat Rbczmaujia <vctis> j 
+
+Ingemuit, Jtexitque rot am .-Claudian. j 
+
+Th’ avenging Goddefs, t’our Defires unbent, J 
+
+Firft groan’d, then turn’d her Wheel. | 
+
+
+1 
+
+' 
+
+CHAP. XI. 
+
+] 
+
+SECT. I. Fhe Gods of the Woods, and the j 
+
+Rural Gods. Firft , Pan. His Names . I 
+
+_ i 
+
+W E are now come into the fecond Part of the ) 
+
+Right-hand Wall, which exhibits the Images \ 
+of the Gods and GoddeJJes of the Woods . Here you may j 
+
+fee the Gods Pan , Sylvanus , and the Fauni , Satyr !, Si- j 
+lenus , Priapus , Ariftteus, and Fer?ninus . 1 
+
+And there you fee the GoddefTes, Diana, Pales , Fio* \ 
+ra, Feronia^ Pomona , and an innumerable Company of 1 
+Nymphs . 'j 
+
+P. What GWj do you fhew me ? Do you call thofe j 
+Cornuted Monfters Gods? Who are half Men, and 
+. half Bealls, hairy, and ihaggy, with Goats' Feet, and ] 
+Horfes 5 Tails. ] 
+
+M. Why not? Since they have attained to that Ho- j 
+nour. Firft, let us examine the Prince of them all Pond 
+Pa?i is called by that Name, either, as fome tell us,.] 
+b becaufe he was the Son of Pe?ielope by all her Woocn\\ 
+or c becaufe he exhilarated the Minds of all the Goih\ 
+with the Mufickofthe Pipe, which he invented; and:j 
+by the Harmony of the Cittern, upon which he played,] 
+
+
+b A n«Vomrie, quod ex omnium Procorum congreflucuni] 
+
+Penelope lit natus Samius. c Homer, in Hymn. 
+
+fkilfully: 
+
+
+t 
+
+
+
+
+
+Pi. XIX. 
+
+
+ZV' *9 ^ 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+Of the Gods of the Heat belts. 197 
+
+flcilfully as foon as he was born : Or, perhaps, he is 
+called Pan? a becaufe he governs the Affairs of the 
+Univcrfal W*orld by his Mind, as he reprefcnts it by 
+h\s Body, as we fhall fee by and by. 
+
+The Latins called him Inuus and Incubus , the Night- 
+Mare \ b becaufe he ufes Carnality with all Creatures . 
+
+And at Rome he was worfhipped, c and called Luper - 
+cus and Lyccus . To His Honour a Temple was built 
+at the Foot of the Palatine Hill, and Feftivals called 
+Lupercalia were inffituted, in which his Prieffs, the 
+Luperci y ran about the City naked. 
+
+. - -—--- * - ■ -v » — - ■■■■■ —> 
+
+3 Phurnutius. b Ab ineundo paffim cum omnibus ani- 
+malibus. Servius in iEneid. c Jultin. 1 . 43. 
+
+
+SECT. II. His Defcent • 
+
+
+K i[ IS Defcent is uncertain; but the common Opi- 
+1 nion is, that he was born of Mercury and Penelope . 
+
+(I For when Mercury fell violently in love with her, and 
+tried in vain to move her; at lafr, by changing him- 
+fclf into a very white Goat, he obtained his Deftre, 
+and begat Pan of her, when fire kept the Sheep of her' 
+Father Icarius in the Mount Taygetus . Pan? after he 
+was born, c was lapt up in the Skin of a Hare, and car¬ 
+ried to Heaven. But why do I here detain you with 
+Words? Look upon the Image of him. 
+
+
+d Hefiod. in Euterpe. c Homer, m Hymn. 
+
+SECT. III. The Image of P a n. 
+
+P, T S that Pan ? f that horned half Goat, that re fern- 
+A blcs a Beaft rather than a Man, much 1 efs a God ; 
+whom I fee deferibed with a fmiling ruddy Face, and 
+two Horns ; his Beard comes down to his Breaft ; his 
+
+* Lucian, in Bacch. 
+
+O 3 Skin 
+
+
+
+198 Of the Xjods of the Heathens , 
+
+Skin is fpotted, and his Legs and Thighs covered with 
+long Hair ; he has the 1 all and the Feet of a Goat* 
+his Head is crowned, and he holds a crooked Staff in 
+one Hand, and in the other a Pipe of uneven Reeds, with 
+the Mufick of which he can chear even the Gods them- 
+felves. O ridiculous Deity, fit only to terrify Boys! 
+
+M* Believe me, he has frighted the Men too: For 
+when the Gauls , under Brennus their Leader, made an 
+Irruption into Greece , and weie juft about to plunder 
+the City Delpbos , Pan in the Night frightened themfo 
+much, that they all betook themfelves to Flight, when 
+no-body purfued them. Whence we proverbially fay, 
+that Men are in a Panick Fears , when we fee them af¬ 
+frighted without a Caufe. 
+
+Now hear what the Image of Pan fignifies. Pan , they 
+fay, is a Symbol of the Univerfal World, as I intimated 
+before : b In his upper Part he refembles a Man, in his 
+lower Part a Beaft; becaufe the fuperior and celeftial 
+Part of the World is beautiful, radiant, and glorious; 
+as is. the Face of this God, whofe Horns refemble the 
+Rays of the Sun, and the Horns or the Moon. The 
+Redncfs of his Face is like the Splendor of the Sky; 
+and the fpotted Skin, that he wears, is an Image of 
+the Starry Firmament. In his lower Parts he is {bag¬ 
+ged and deformed, which reprefents the Shrubs, and 
+wild Beafts, and Trees of the Earth below. His Goat’s 
+Feet fignify the Solidity of the Earth ; and his Pipe of 
+feven Reeds, that celeftial Harmony which is made by 
+the feven Planets. He has a Sheep-hook, crooked at 
+the Top, in his Hand, which fignifies the Turning of 
+the Year into itfelf. 
+
+
+a Terrores Panic! eorum funt qui fine causa perterrentur. 
+paufanias, Plutarchus. b Servius in Eclog. 2. 
+
+4 
+
+f 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+'Of the ?Gods ‘qf.the Heathens. 199 
+
+* 
+
+SECT. IV. ,A£i ions of Pan. 
+
+% 
+
+p K U T what mean thofe young Ladles that dance 
+J3 about Jiim ? 
+
+M* They are Nymphs which dance to the Mufick 
+of his Pipe; a which inftrument Pan firft invented. 
+You 5 ]! wonder when you hear the Relations which the 
+.Poets tell us of this Pipe, to wit, 4C b as oft as Pan blows 
+“it, the Dugs of the Sheep arc filled with Milk:” For 
+he is the G ':d cj the Shepherds and Hunters , the Captain 
+of the Nymphs , the Prejident of the Mountains , and of 
+a Country Life ; and the 0 Guardian of the Flocks that 
+graze upon the Mountains. Although his Afpedl is.fo 
+deformed, yet, when he changed himfelf into a white 
+Ham, he plea fed and gratified the Moon, <! as it is re¬ 
+ported : The Nymph Echo fell alfo in Love with him, 
+and brought him a Jdaughter named fringes, who 0 gave 
+Medea the Medicines (they fay) with which fhe charm¬ 
+ed Jofon . f He could not but plcafe Dryopc , to gFn 
+whom, he laid afide, as it were, his Divinity, and be¬ 
+came a Shepherd. But he did not court the Nymph Sy¬ 
+rinx With fo much Succefs.: For fhe ran away to avoid’fo 
+filthy a Lover ; till coming to a River (where her Flight 
+
+
+a Pan pr 'unus calamos cerd conjangere plures 
+
+l>jYnu’t - : : -— Virg. Eel. 
+
+Pan taught to join with Wax unequal Reeds. 
+h Orpheus in Hymn. lbicu c , Poeta Grascus. 
+c Pan cit"at oajes, o^uiunique magi/iros* Virg. Eel. 2. 
+
+Pan loves the Shepherds, and their Flocks he feeds. 
+l! Min? ere fie ni c ueo lante, f credere dignum ejl, 
+
+•Pan Da/s u 4 readirs capiamtc^ Luna, fcjell it . Virg. Georg. 3.0 
+Twas thus with Fleeces milky white (if we 
+May truft Report) Pan, God of A ready. 
+
+Did bribe thee, Cynthia , nor didlt thou difdain. 
+
+When call’d in woody Shades, to eafe a Lover’s Pain. 
+
+r i heactet. Poeta Gracus. f Homer, in Hymn 
+
+o 4 
+
+
+was 
+
+
+198 Of the Gods of the Heathens , 
+
+Skin is fpotted, and his Legs and 1'highs covered with 
+long Hair ; he has the Tail and the Feet of a Goat; 
+his Head is crowned, and he holds a crooked Staff in 
+one Hand, and in the other aPipe of uneven Reeds, with 
+the Mufick ofwhich he can cheat even the Gods them- 
+felves. O ridiculous Deity, fit only to terrify Boys! 
+
+M. Believe me, he has frighted the Men too : For 
+when the Gauls , under Brennus their Leader, made an 
+Irruption into Greece, and weie juft about to plunder 
+the City Delphos , Pan in the Night frightened themfo 
+niuch, that they all betook themfelves to Flight, when 
+no-body purfued them. Whence we proverbially fay, 
+that Men are in a Paittck Fears , when we fee them af¬ 
+frighted without a Caufe. _ 
+
+Now hear what the Image of PiJTzfignines. Part , they 
+
+fay, is a Symbol of the Univerfal World, as I intimated 
+before : b In his upper Part he refembles a Man, in his 
+lower Part a Beaft ; becaufe the fuperior and cekftial 
+Part of the World is beautiful, radiant, and glorious; 
+as is. the Face of this God, whofe Horns referable the 
+Rays of the Sun, and the Horns of the Moon. The 
+JRednefs of his Face is like the Splendor of the Sky; 
+and the fpotted Skin, that he wears, is an Image of 
+the Starry Firmament. In his lower Parts he is fhag- 
+eed and deformed, which reprefents the Shrubs, and 
+wild Beafts, and Trees of the Earth below. His Goats 
+Feet fignify the Solidity of the Earth ; and his I ipe of 
+
+feven Reeds, that celeftial Harmony which is made by 
+the feven Planets. He has a Sheep-hook, crooked at 
+the Top, in his Hand, which fignifies the Turning of 
+
+the Year into itfelf. 
+
+
+
+a Terrores Panici eorum funt qui fine causa perterrentui. 
+paufanias, Plutarchus. b Servius in Eciog. z. 
+
+✓ 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+
+Of the 'Gods <of .the Heathens. 199 
+
+SEC X. IV. ALlions of Pan. 
+
+
+
+P.DIJT what mean thofe .young Ladles that dance 
+
+about .him ? 
+
+M* They are Nymphs which dance to the Mufick 
+of his Pipe; a which inftrument Pan fir ft invented. 
+You’ll wonder when you hear the Relations which the 
+Poets tell us of this Pipe, to wit, cc b as oft as Pan blows 
+“ it, the Dugs of the Sheep are filled with Milk For 
+he is the God of the Shepherds and Rim ter s , the Captain 
+of.the Nymphs , the Prejident of the Mountains^ and of 
+a Country Life ; and the c Guardian of the Flocks that 
+graze upon the Mountains. Although his Afpedft is.fo 
+deformed, yet, when he changed himfelf into a white 
+Ham, he plea fed and gratified the Moon, (l as it is re¬ 
+ported : The Nymph Echo fell alfo in'Love with him, 
+and brought him a i >a ugh ter named Ifingcs^ who c gave 
+Medea the Medicines (they fay) with which fhe charm¬ 
+ed Jafon. f He could not but pi cafe Dry ope , to gain 
+whom, belaid afidc, as it were, his Divinity, and be¬ 
+came a Shepherd. But he did not court the Nymph Sy¬ 
+rinx with fo much Succefs.: For fhe ran away to avoid fo 
+filthy a Lover 3 till coming to a River (where her Flight 
+
+
+a Pan primus cal am os cerd conj linger e pin res 
+bijliitiit 
+
+
+Virg. Eel. 
+
+
+Pan taught to join with Wax unequal Reeds. 
+h Orpheus in Hymn. !bicu% Poeta Grzecus. 
+c Pan cunt o-ues , cnjiumque magi fir os. Virg. Eel. 2, 
+
+Par. loves the Shepherds, and their Flocks he feeds. 
+
+11 Mur. ere ftc m*veo lanes , fi credere dignum efl , 
+
+•Pant Dcin sir cad itscaplam te, Luna , fefellit . Virg. Georo*. -3, 
+was thus with Fleeces milky white (if we ° 
+
+May trull Report) Pan , God of Arcady. 
+
+Did bribe thee, Cynthia , nor didll-thou difdain. 
+
+When call’d in woody Shades, to eafe a Lover’s Pain. 
+r 1 hea.net. Poeta Grsecus. f Homer, in Hymn. 
+
+O 4 
+
+
+was 
+
+
+200 Of the Gods of the Heathens . j 
+
+was flopped) fhe prayed the Naiades , the Nymphs of th 
+Watery becaufe file could not efcape her Purfuer, to . 
+change her into a Bundle of Reeds, juft as Pan was \ 
+laying hold of her, a who therefore caught the Reeds 1 
+in his Arms inftcad of her. b The W inds moving | 
+tliefe Reeds backward and forward occaftoned mourn- \ 
+ful, but mufical Sounds, which Pan perceiving, cut \ 
+them down, and made them Reeden Pipes. But c Lib ] 
+
+
+a Hie fe mutarent liquidas ordfjc for ores : | 
+
+Pantique cum prevfam fibi jam Syr rug a puiaret j 
+
+Coy pc re pro Nympho c alamos triviffe palufres . Met. 1 . 1, | 
+
+When, that ihe might avoid a 1 lift ful Rap?, | 
+
+She begg’d her Siller Nymphs to change her Shape: j 
+
+Pan thought h’ had hugg'd his Miftrefs, when indeed 
+He only hugg’d aTrufs of Moorifh keed. 1 
+
+b Dtanque ibifufpirai ,. mot os in ar undine vent os \ 
+
+BffeoffeJ'onum tenucm fmilemque querent :. | 
+
+Arte'nova voefquc Dcian dit Ice dine cap t tan , ] 
+
+JrJoc mi hi concilium tec tan, dixijfe, manebit ; } 
+
+Atque it a difparibus calaniis compagine cert? j 
+
+Inter fe junbtis nomen tenttijfe puella\ ] 
+
+He lighs, his Sighs the toiling Reeds return J 
+
+In foft fmall Notes, like one that feem’d to mourn; ) 
+The new, but pleafant Notes the God furprife, j 
+
+Yet this (hall make us Friends at laft, he cries ; j 
+
+So he this Pipe of Reeds unequal fram’d j 
+
+With Wax ; and Syrinx from his Miftrefs nam’d. 
+
+c - Z'pb) ri cava per calamorum Jibila primtim 
+
+Agrefcs aocucre cavas infare dent as; j 
+
+Judd mi nut at/m dukes aidicete querelas, j 
+
+Tibia qua$f tv dit digit is pulfata caveat um : \ 
+
+Avia per ?:cmora ac fykvas faltufque reperta, j 
+
+Per loca pa/iorum ceferta, atqne otia Dia, Lucr. 1 . {. j 
+
+And whillt loft Evening Gale* blew o’er the Plains, j 
+And fliook the founding Reeds, they taught the Swains; j 
+And thus the Pipe was fram’d, and tuneful Reed; ] 
+
+And whilft the tender Flocks fecurely feed, ! 
+
+The harmlefs Shepherds tun’d their Pipes- to Love, j 
+And Amaryllis founds in ev’ry Grove. _ : 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens - 201 
+
+cretins afcribes the Invention of thefe Pipes not to Pan, 
+but to fome Country-men, who had obferved, on fome 
+other Occafion, rhe Whiffling of the Wind through 
+Reeds. In the Sacrifices of this God, a they offered 
+to him Milk and Honey in a Shepherd’s Bottle. He 
+was more cfpecially worshipped in Arcadia ^ for which 
+Reafon he is fo often called b Pan Dens Arcadia?. 
+
+Some derive from him c Hifpania , Spain 5 formerly 
+called Iberia ; for he lived there, when he returned from 
+the Indian War, to which he went with Bacchus and the 
+
+Satyrs . 
+
+a Theocr. in Viator.' b Virg. 3. Georg. 4. Eel. ? Lil. 
+
+Gy r. 
+
+
+CHAP. XII. 
+
+% 
+
+Sylvanus. 
+
+A LTHOUGH many Writers confound the 
+Sylvani , .. Fauni , Satyri , and Silcm\ with Pan 5 
+yet many diftinguifti them ; therefore we will treat of 
+them feparately, and begin with Sylvanus . 
+
+That old Man is Sylvanus > whom you fee placed next 
+to Pat?) with the Feet of a Goat, and the li Face of a 
+Man, of little Stature; c he holds Cyprefs in his Hand 
+Wretched out. He is fo called from bylvce^ the Woods ; 
+for he prefides over them. f Fie mightily loved the Boy 
+C';pari]Jus-y who had a tame Deer, in which he took 
+g/eat Plcafure. Sylvanus by Chance killed if, where¬ 
+upon the Youth died for Grief, e Therefore Sylvanus 
+changed him into a Gyprcfs-irce, and carried a Branch of 
+it always in his Hand, in Memory of his Lofs. 
+
+(! /Elian. Hid. Varia.. 0 Mai tin. de Nuptiis. f Servius 
+in Virg. Aneid. & Georg.- 
+
+= Et teller am a radiccfcrcns , Sylvane, 0 //;v$&rza?. Georg. i .20. 
+
+A tender Cyprefs .Plant Sylvanus bears. 
+
+There 
+
+
+
+202 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens+ 
+
+There were many other Sylvan who endeavoured, 
+much as they could, to violate the Chaflity of Women, 
+St. Aitjlln fays, a That they and the Fa uni ((commonly caL 
+led Incubi) were oftentimes wicked to Women , dejiring and 
+enjoying their Embraces. And Varro fays, that they were 
+xnifehievous to big-bellied Women. 
+
+a Eos cum Faunis (quos vulgo Incubos vocant) impro- 
+Los faepe extitiffe mulieribus, & earum appetiiTe 8 c pere~ 
+■giile concubitum. Aug. ae Civitate Dei, 1 . 15. c. 23. 
+
+
+CHAP. XIII. 
+
+SlLENUS. 
+
+■^'|'~ V HAT old Fellow, who follows next, with a fiat 
+JL Nofe, and a bald Head, with large Ears, and a 
+fmall, fat, gore-bellied Body, is Silenus ; fo called, b from 
+his jocular Temper , becaufe he perpetually jefts upon 
+People. He fits upon a c Saddle back'd Afs; but, when 
+he walks, he leans upon a Staff. He was Bacchus's Fof- 
+ter-Father, his M after, and his perpetual Companion, 
+and confequently almoft always drunk, as we find him 
+deferibed d in the fixth Eclogue of Virgil . The Cup 
+
+w h i ch 
+
+
+b J A 7 to (Ti7&aim» 9 id eft, didteria in aliquem dicere, 
+
+./Elian. 3. Var. Hift. c. 10. c Fando Aiello. 
+d Silenum pucrifo?nno '-v id erejaccntcm? 
+
+Inftatnm hefter710 c ve?icis? ut jemper , Iaccho ; 
+
+Serta procul tantum capiti delapfaj ace bant? 
+
+JSt grant is attritd pendebat cantharus a 7 isa . 
+
+--* Two Satyrs , on the Ground, 
+
+Stretch’d at'their JEafe, their Sire Silenus found ; 
+
+Dos’d with his Fumes, and heavy with his Load, 
+They found him fnoring in his dark Abode ; 
+
+His rofy Wreath was dropp’d not long before, 
+
+Dome by the Tide of Wine, and floating on the Floor. 
+
+
+♦ 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens , 203 
+
+w hich he and Bacchus ufed was called Cantharus ; and 
+the Staff with which he fupported himfelf a Ferula : 
+This he ufed when he was fo drunk, as it often happen- 
+that he could not fit, b but fell from his Afs. 
+
+The Satyrs were not only conftant Companions of 
+Silenus , but were aftiftant to him; for they held him in 
+o-reat Efteem, and honoured him as their Father; and 5 
+c\ v hen they became old, they were called Silent too. 
+And concerning Silenus 9 s Afs, they fay, that d he was 
+tranflated into Heaven, and placed among the Stars ; 
+becaufe, in the Giants War, Silenus rode on him, and 
+helped Jupiter very much. 
+
+c But when Silenus once was taken, and afked. What 
+was the bejl "Thing that could hefal Man? He after long 
+Silence anfwered. It is heft for all never to be born , but 
+being born , to die very quickly . Which Expreflion Pliny 
+reports aim oft in the fame Words, f "There have been 
+many who have judged it very happy never to have been 
+born , or to die immediately after one 9 s Birth . 
+
+
+His empty Can, with Ears half worn away. 
+
+Was hung on high, to boaft the Triumph of the Day. 
+a Quinque fcnexfend a tit ub antes ebriits art us 
+Suftmet , £5 pando non fortiter htsret afello . Ovid. Met. 4^ 
+His Staff does hardly keep him on his Legs, 
+
+When mounted on his Afs, fee how he fwags. 
+b Ebrius ecce fetiex pando delapfus afello , 
+
+Clamarunt Satyri, /urge, age, /urge , pater. De Art. Am. 2. 
+Th’ old Soker’s drunk, from’s Afs he’s got a Fall, 
+Roufe, Daddy, roufe, again the Satyrs bawl. 
+c Paufanias in Atticis. d Aratus in Phsenomen. c Ro- 
+gatus quidnam ejfet hominibus optimum? refpondit, omnibus effe 
+optimum non nafci , & natos quam citijfime interire* Plut. in 
+
+Confolatione Apol. f Multi exiifcre qui non nafci optimum 
+cenferunt , aut quam citijfme akoleri . Plin. in Prasfat. 1 . 7. 
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+
+204 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Ileatbens. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. XIV". 
+
+The Satyr s. 
+
+* 
+
+EHOLD! a Thofe ar e.Satyrs who dance in laf 
+civ ions Motions and PoRures under the Shade of 
+that tali and threading Oak; they have Heads armed 
+w;th Horns, and Goats Feet and Legs, crooked Hands, 
+rough, hairy Bodies, and Tails not much fhorter than 
+Horfes Tails. There is no Animal in Nature more 
+fallacious and libidinous than thefe Gods. Their b 
+Name itfself (hews the Filthinefs of their Nature : And 
+Paufanicu gave a Proof of it, by relating a Story of 
+fom’e Manners, who were drove upon a defart I Hand 
+by Storm, and faw themfelves furrounded by a Flock 
+of Satyrs : The Seamen were frightened, and betook 
+thernfelves to their Ships, and the Satyrs left the Men^ 
+bui they feized the JVamcn, and committed all Manner 
+of Wickcdnefs with them* 
+
+
+a Paufan. in Attieis. b Satyrus dcrivatur, «?ro &*«&*?> 
+a veretro, Jiufeb. in Prtep. Evang„ ibid. 
+
+
+
+C H A P. XV. 
+
+The Fauns. 
+
+T HE Fauns , which you lee joined with' the Satyr s x 
+
+differ from them in the Name onlv *, at leaft they 
+are not unlike them in their Look.s v L for they have 
+Hoofs and Horns, and are fI crowned with the Branches 
+
+
+cl Idem, in Epiftola Ocnones. 
+
+
+c Ovid. Fafloruai 2. 
+
+I 
+
+
+
+« 
+
+
+
+of the Pine, When they meet drunken Perfons, they 
+flupify them (as it is faid) with 41 their Looks alone. 
+The Boors of this Country call them the b Rural Gods 5 
+and pay them the more Refpedl \ becaufe they are armed 
+with Horns and Nails, and painted in terrible Shapes. 
+
+faunas, or Fatuellus (as he isotherwife called) c was 
+the Son of Picus King of the Latins. d He married his 
+own Sifter, whofe Name was Fauna or Fatita : He con- 
+fecrated and made her Prieftefs, after which ihe had 
+the Gift of Prophecy. Hiflory like wife tells us, that 
+this Faimus was the Father and Prime of the other 
+Fauns and the Satyrs- c His Name was given him from 
+his Skill in Prophcfying , and from thence alfo Faiui fig- 
+nifies both Perfons that fpeak rafhly and incoKfieJerate- 
+ly, and Enthufiafts-, becaufe they, who propbefy, deli¬ 
+ver the Mind and Will of another, and fpeak Things 
+which themfelves, many Times, do not underftand. 
+
+
+’h red roe. b Dli a ore lies. Virgil. 
+
+7, /Eneid. 6. ll Nat. Comes 
+
+lib. cj. c Faunus dicitur a faudo feu vatlcinando. Ser. 7. 
+Ancid. Ifid. Hifp. Epifcopus. 
+
+
+2 Idem, in Epillola I 
+Geore. 1, c Servius 
+
+
+
+CHAP. XVI 
+
+
+
+PRIAPUS. 
+
+P.T f A ! What means that naked God, wuh his 
+J Sickle, behind the Trunk of the Tree? Why 
+does he hide the Half of his Body fo? 
+
+M, The Painter was mod eft, and therefore painted 
+but half of him, becaufe he is a ftiamelefs and obfeene 
+Deity: His Name is priapus. I am afhamed to teli 
+the Story of him, it is fo very filthy ; and therefore I 
+ill all fay only, that he was the Son of Ferns and Bacchus , 
+born at L 
+
+
+mitv* 
+✓ * 
+
+
+j - -j * _ 
+
+t LampfacuSs where his Mother hating his Defor- 
+and the £)i (proportion of his Members,. rejected 
+
+h 1 m, 
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. XIV. 
+
+The Satyr s. 
+
+B >. EHOL D ! a Thofe are Satyrs who dance in lah 
+) civious Motions and Poffures under the Shade of 
+that rail and fpreading Oak; they have Heads armed 
+•w;th Horns, and Goats Feet and Legs, crooked Hands, 
+rough, hairy Bodies, and Vails not much fit or ter than 
+Horfes Tads. There is no Animal in Nature more 
+fa!acinus and libidinous than thefe Gods. Their b 
+Name itfel'f fhews the Filthinefs of their Nature : And 
+Paufama .r gave a Proof of it, by relating a Story of 
+fame Manners, who were drove u-pon a defart Ifland 
+by Storm, and faw themfelves furrounded by a Flock 
+of Satyrs: The Seamen were frightened, and betook 
+themfelves to their Ships, and the Satyrs left the Men> 
+
+bui they feized the lVamm % and committed all Manner 
+
+* 
+
+of Wickednefs with them. 
+
+
+a Paufan. in Atticis. b Satyrus dcrivatur, ktto 7>fc g'o&c. 
+a veretro, Eu&b. in Prcep. Evang- ibid. 
+
+
+CHAP, 
+
+
+XV. 
+
+
+''I be Faun s. 
+
+T HE Fauns , vvhich you fee joined with the Satyrs t 
+
+differ from them in the Name only; at leafl they 
+are not unlike them in their Looks :■ c For they have 
+Hoofs and Horns-, and are d crowned with the Branches 
+
+
+cl Idem, in Epiflola Oenones 
+
+
+vi 
+
+
+c Ovid. Fnflorum 2. 
+
+4 
+
+
+* 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+
+of the Pine. When they meet drunken Perfons, they 
+flupify them (as it is faid) with a their Looks <done« 
+The Boors of this Country call them the b Rural Gods 5 
+and pay them the more Refpedl 5 becaufe they are armed 
+with Horns and Nails, and painted in terrible Shapes. 
+
+bauniis* or Fat u ell us (as he isotherwife called) c was 
+the Son of Pious King of the Latins. d He married his 
+own Sifter, whofe Name was Fauna or Fatua : He con- 
+fecrated and made her Prieftefs, after which (he had 
+the Gift of Prophecy. Hiftory like wife ted l.s us, that 
+this Faun us was the Father and Prince cf the other 
+Fauns and the Satyrs . c His Name was given him from 
+his Skill in Prophefying , and from thence alfo Fatui fig- 
+nifies both Perfons that fpeak rafhly and incojificJerate- 
+ly, and Enthufiafts-, becaufe they, who propbefy, deli¬ 
+ver the Mind and Will of another, and fpeak Things 
+which themfelves, many Times, do not underftand. 
+
+
+a Idexn, in Epiftola Phaidnc. b Dii agreiles. Virgil. 
+Georg. 1« c Servius 7. /Eneid. 6. cl Nat. Comes 
+
+lib. c Faunus dicitur a fando feu vaticinando. Ser- 7. 
+
+Jlneid. Ifid. Hifp. Epifcopus. 
+
+
+CHAP. XVI 
+
+Priapus, 
+
+
+P 
+
+
+
+|T A ! What means that naked God, wuh his 
+Sickle, behind the Trunk of the Tree? Why 
+does he hide the Half of his Body fo? 
+
+lid. The Painter was mod eft, anti therefore painted 
+but half of him, becaufe he is a fhamelefs and obfeene 
+Deity: His Name is Priapus . I am afhamed to tell 
+the Story of him, it is fo very filthy ; and therefore I 
+(hall fay only, that he was the Son of Verm and Bacchus ^ 
+born at Lampfacus , where his Mother hating his Defor¬ 
+mity, and the Di('proportion of his Members* rejected 
+
+h 5 L 1 /. a 
+
+
+2,0 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+him. Yet he plea fed the Women of Lampfacus , info, 
+much, that their Hufbands banifhed him from the City, 
+till by the Oracle’s Command he was recalled, and 
+made God of the Gardens , and crowned with Garden 
+Herbs. He carries a Sickle in his Hand, to cut off from 
+the Trees all fuperfluous Boughs, and to drive away 
+Thieves and Beads, and mifchievous Birds; from 
+whence he is called Avijhipor . Therefore his Image is 
+ufually placed in Gardens, as we may leant from a 77- 
+bullus , b Virgil , and c Horace . He is called Hellefponti- 
+aens by the Poets ; becaufe the City of La?npfacu 
+where he was born, was fituated upon the JHellefpont . 
+All agree that he was very deformed, and they fay, that 
+this was the Occafion of the Deformity of this God. 
+When Juno faw Venus was big with Child, (lie was 
+jealous ; and therefore, under Pretence of aflifting her 
+in her Labour, fhe fpitefully mifufed her, fo that the 
+young Child was fpoiled and deformed, and from his 
+Deformity called Priapus , Phallus , and Fafcwum ; all 
+which three Names favour of Obfcenity \ though by 
+fome fl he is called Bonus Damon, or Genius . Indeed 
+
+a Po?noffque ruber cufos ponatur in hortis y 
+Sire eat ut fewd falce Priapus aves. 
+
+With. th ? fwarthy Guardian God our Orchards grace, 
+With this luff Sickle he. the Birds will chace. 
+b Et cufos fur tun atque avium cum falce falig7za 
+HelleJ ~p cntiaci fervor tuielu Priapi. Georg. 1 . 4. 
+
+Befides the God obfeene, who frights away, 
+
+With his Lath Sword, the Thieves and Birds of Prey. 
+c Oil:7 z iruncus cram fculnus , inutile lignum. 
+
+Cum fciber incertus fcamnutn facer cine Priapujtt) 
+
+Malult effc Deiwi . Dens inde ego furum uviumqne 
+Maxima for mi do. Hor. Sat. 8. 
+
+Till Artills doubting, which the Log was good 
+For, Stool, or Gcd ; refolv’d. to make a God; 
+
+So I was made; my Form the Log receives: 
+
+A mighty Terror I to Birds and Thieves, 
+d Fide P bur nut turn. 
+
+
+Juno's 
+
+
+
+
+Juno’s Touch was not neceflary to make the Child 
+in on ft ro us 3 for, can any beautiful Offspring be expected 
+from a Sot and and a Whore ? 
+
+
+CHAP. XVII.. 
+
+Arist^us. 
+
+ttjTE is called Arijlams^ whom you fee bufied in that 
+Nurlery of Olives, fupporting and improving the- 
+Trees. He is employed in drawing Oil from the OJive 3 . 
+which Art he firft invented. He alfo found out the Ufe 
+of Honey, and therefore you fee fome Rows of Beehives 
+near him. a For which two profitable Inventions, the 
+Ancients paid him divine Honours. 
+
+He was other wife called Nomius and Agrecus^ and 
+was the Son of b Apollo by Cyrene , or, as Cicero fays, the 
+Son of Liber Pater , educated by the Nymphs* and taught 
+by them the Art of making Oil, Honey, and Cheefe„ 
+He fell in Love with Euridice the Wife of Orpheus^ and 
+purfued her into a Wood, where a Serpent ftung her 
+lb that fhe died. The Nymphs hated him fo much for 
+this, that they deftroyed all his Bees, to revenge the 
+Death of Euridice . This Lofs was exceedingly de¬ 
+plored by him ; and afking his Mother’s Advice, he 
+was told by the Oracle, that he ought by Sacrifices to- 
+appcafe Euridice . Wherefore he facrificed to her four 
+Bulls, and four Heifers, and his Lofs was fiipplied 5 for 
+fuddenly a Swarm of Bees burft forth from the Carcafes 
+of the Bulls. 
+
+
+a Paufimias in Arcadicis.. b Apollonius, 1 .. 6 . in.Ver— 
+ron, 
+
+9 
+
+
+C H A P„ 
+
+
+2o8 
+
+
+
+CHAP. XVIII 
+
+
+Te r M I N u s. 
+
+
+p. T> UT, pray, what is that Stone or Log placed 
+
+JO there? (It is fo far off that I cannot tlifiin. 
+guifia whether of the two it is.) 
+
+Jlf. It has a Place among the rural Gods, becaiife it 
+is a God itfelf. 
+
+P. A God, do you fay? Surely you jeft. Sir. 
+
+M No ; it is not only a God, but a God greatly 
+honoured in this City of Rome. They call him Ter- 
+minus , and imagine that the Boundaries and Limits of 
+Men’s Eftates are under his Protcftion. His Name, 
+and tlie divine Honours paid to him by the Ancients, 
+are mentioned by a Ovid, by b Tibullus , and by c Seneca. 
+The Statue of this God d was either a fquare Stone, or 
+a Log of Wood plained ; which they ufually perfumed 
+with Ointment, and crowned with Garlands. 
+
+And indeed the Lapides Terminates (that is, Land- 
+Marks) were efttemed Jacred: c i'o that whoever dared 
+
+
+
+
+rl 
+
+e 
+
+
+Ter mine , five lapis, fi^jc cs defertus in agro 
+
+Stipes , ab p.ntiqiiis ft-: qi toque nesnen babes. Ovid. Faft. 2> 
+
+Terminus , whether Stump or Stone thou be. 
+
+The Ancients gave a Godhead too to thee. 
+
+Nam veneror, feu fifes babet defert ns in agris 9 
+Seu veins in iriviis fieri dj fertu lapis. 
+
+For I my Adoration freely give. 
+
+Whether a Stump forlorn my Vows receive. 
+
+Or a beflower’cl Stone my Wcrfhip have. 
+
+Null us in carnpo fr.ee r 
+
+
+c _ 
+
+
+Cn - 
+
+
+Divifit agro- arbiter pcpulis lapis. Hippol. A 'ft. 2. fc. / . 
+The facred Land-Mark then was quite unknown. 
+
+Arnobius contra Gcntes, 1 . 2 • Clemens Alex. Strom. 7. 
+Dion Kali cam. 1 . 2. 
+
+to 
+
+
+
+
+
+PI. XX. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the God's of the Heathens . '209 
+
+to rnove, or plow up, or transfer them to another 
+Place, his Head became devoted to the Diis Tenhinali- 
+b'us> and it was lawful for any Body to kill him. 
+
+And further, though they did not facrifice the Lives 
+of Animals to thofe Stones, becaufe they thought that it 
+\vas not lawful to Jiain ihemivith Blood; yet they offer¬ 
+ed Wafers made of Flour to them, and the firfh Fruits 
+of Corn, and the like : And upon the laft Day of the 
+Year they always obferved Feftivals to their Honour, 
+
+called Terminalia. 
+
+Now we pafs to the Goddejfes of the Woods. 
+
+
+CHAP. XIX. 
+
+9 
+
+The Goddefs of the Woods. Dian^. 
+
+• • 
+
+
+P, TT is very well. Here come a Goddefs a taller 
+1 than the other GoddelTes, in whofe Virgm-Looks 
+wemayeafe:our Eyes, which have been tired with the" 
+horrid Sight of thofe monftrous Deities. Welcome, 
+Diana 5 b your hunting Habit, the Bow in your Hand, 
+and the Quiver full'of Arrows, which hangs downfrom 
+your Shoulders, and the Skin of a Deer faftened to your 
+Bread:, difeover who you are* c Your Behaviour,-which 
+is free and eafy,but medeft and decent ^ your Garments, 
+which are handfome arid yet careiefs$ fhew that-you 
+area Virgin. Your d Name fhews your Modefly and 
+Honour. I wifh that you, who are the talleft of the 
+GoddefTes, c to whom Women owe their Stature, would 
+implant in them alfo a Love of your Chaftity. ForJ 
+know you hate, you abhor the Conversation of Ivlern 
+
+
+‘ Virgil ^Eneid. 1 . 1. ■•’■Idem ibid. «= Paufan. In Area- 
+
+ApTEfMq, ab-ctgTepyjs, perfettus, pudiciriam' inte- 
+
+gmatemque Diana; indicat. Strabo; 1. 14. "= Homer. 
+
+Udvli. 20. , , • 
+
+• « * 1 . • 
+
+♦ ^ 
+
+p 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+4 
+
+
+and 
+
+
+
+
+PI. XX. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . '209 
+
+to move, or plow up, or transfer them to another 
+Place, his Head became devoted to the Dils Tenhinali- 
+fi us an d it was lawful for any Body to kill him. 
+
+And further, though they did not facrifice the Lives 
+of Animals to thofe Stones, becaufe they thought that it 
+y/as not lawful to fain them with Blood 5 yet they offer¬ 
+ed Wafers made of Flour to them, and the fir ft Fruits 
+of Corn, and the like : And upon the laft Day of the 
+Year they always obferved Festivals to their Honour,, 
+called Terminalia . 
+
+Now we pafs to the Goddeffes of the Woods . 
+
+1 ♦ 
+
+
+C H A P. XIX. 
+
+* 9 
+
+% 
+
+: The Goddefs of the JVoods. Diana. 
+
+0 
+
+p, T-T is very well. Here come a Goddefs a taller 
+• JL . than the other Goddeffes, in whofe Virgin-Looks 
+we may eafe.our Eyes, which have been tired with the' 
+Horrid Sight of thofe monftrous Deities. Welcome, 
+Diana 3 b your hunting Habit, the JBow in your Hand, 
+and the Quiver full of Arrows, which hangs down from 
+your Shoulders, and the Skin of a Deer faftened to your 
+Breaft, difeover who you are* c Your Behaviour,-which 
+is free and eafy, but modeft and decent; your Garments, 
+which are handfome arid yetcarelefs^ fhew that you 
+area Virgin. Your d Name fhews your Modefty and 
+Honour. I wifh that you, who are the talleft of the 
+Goddeffes, c to whom Women owe their Stature, would 
+implant in them alfo a Love of your Chaftity, For,I 
+know you hate, you abhor the Converfation of Men, 
+
+
+* Virgil. ./Eneid. 1 . i. - b Idem ibid. c Faufan. In Area- 
+(lids. ab perfeflns> pudiciriam inte- 
+
+gritatemque Bianjfe indicat. Strabo* 1 . u, c Homer, 
+
+Odyff 2o. 
+
+
+
+
+i • 
+
+
+and 
+
+
+2i a- 
+
+
+^ • r 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+and-fly from the very fight of them. Yet reject the 
+Temptations of Delight, and abhor the charming 
+Witchcraft of Phafure with all your Heart. 0 
+
+Aftteon, the Son of Arijlaia , that famous-Hunifirian, 
+a -fatally learned this, when he impudently looked upon 
+you/Vhen you were naked in the Fountain : You de^ 
+fcrred not the Punifhment of his Impurity for a Mo. 
+meat, for, fprihkling him with the Water, you chang¬ 
+ed him- into a Deer, to be afterwards torn m Pieces by 
+his own Dogs. 
+
+Farther Honour is due to you ; becau-fe you are the 
+Moon ,, b the Glory of the Stars , and the only Goddefs, 
+c who obferved perpetual Chaftky. 
+
+Nor am I ignorant of that famous and deferving 
+Action that you did, to avoid the f lames of Alpheus y 
+when you fo haftily Red-to your Nymphs, who were 
+all together in one Place 5. and befmeared both yourfelf 
+and them with Dirt fo, that when he came he did not 
+know you : Whereby your honed: Deceit fucceeded. 
+according to your Intentions; and the Dirt, which 
+fouls every Thing elfe, added a, new Du fire to your 
+Virtue. Welcome once again, O ! * Guardian of the 
+Mountains; by v/hofe kind Afiiltance Women in 
+Child-bed are preferved from Death.. 
+
+a Ovid. 4:.. Me tarn. b Aftrorum decus. Virg. iEneid. 9.. 
+• c MUrnum te'lo rum M\ Virg i nit at is* amorcni. 
+
+Interne rata eolith ' VIrg v JEneid. in 
+
+——Heifelf untainted dill, : .... 
+
+« • 
+
+Hunting and Cha-ftity flie always roykL. • , 
+
+Paufanias in potter. Eliac. . 
+c 'Mi'opthim cifo.s, nemorunique Virga^ 
+cfiec labor ant es''utero-pitellas - - • - v 
+
+flir_ <vczata a: id is adimfque let ha . 
+
+Diaja triform /Y. Hor. Cartn* 1 - 3* 
+
+Queen of the Mountains and the Groves- 1 - 
+Whofe-.Hand the teeming Pain removes. 
+
+Who fa Aid the Sick and. .Weak implore*. 
+
+And thrice invoke thy threefold Power. 
+
+I 
+
+
+4 
+
+
+M. So!: 
+
+
+♦ 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 211 
+
+M. So ! Pala0philus y you have thus long cheated 
+me ? 
+
+p. What, I cheated you ? 
+
+]\/l. Yes, you 3. you have'fo dexteroufly concealed 
+your Knowledge, and endeavoured to make me be¬ 
+lieve fo long, that you are ignorant and unfkilful in 
+the Mythology of the Heathens. 
+
+P, lam as unfkilful as I pretended. You may be¬ 
+lieve me when I fwear, that I am - altogether ignorant 
+cf thefe things'that you teach me. Nor can you*luppofe 
+other wife'from thofe "Filings, which 1 now repeat about 
+Plana. For, from a Boy I have loved this Goddefs for 
+herMod'efry 3 and out of refpedl to her I learnt thefe 
+few Things, which you heard me fpeak. I am wholly ' 
+blind , and beg,' that by your Affiftance you would 
+guide me. I fpeak fincerely, I am a mere Frefh-man. 
+
+M. You can fcarce make me believe fo. But, how¬ 
+ever, I will verify the old Proverb., a and teach one that 
+knows more than rnyfelf. I will begin from that Word 
+that you laft mentioned. 
+
+Diana is called b Pr if or7)1 is and Pergemina . Fir ft, 
+becaufe, though flic is but one Goddefs, yet (he hath 
+three different Names, as well as three different Offices : * 
+In the Heavens flic is called Luna ; on the Earth (lie is 
+named Diana 3 and in Hell flic is fly 1 ed Hecate or Profer~ 
+pina. In the Heavens fhe enlightens every Thing by 
+her Rays ; on the Earth flic keeps under her Power all 
+wild Beafts by her Bow and her Dart 3 and in Hell fhe 
+keeps all the Ghofts and Spirits in 3 ubje£kion to her by 
+her Power and Authority. Thefe feveral Names and 
+Offices are comprifed in an ingenious c Diilich. But 1 
+altho* Luna , Diana , and Hecate are commonly thought 
+to be only three different Names of the fame Goddefs, 
+
+
+Sus Minervam. b Cicero 3. de Nat. • 
+c Teret, luflrat , agit 3 Prefer pin a , Luna , Diana ; 
+
+Ima, fuprema , fera$ 3 feeptio 3 fid go re, fagittd. 
+
+Dempfler. in Paralip. 
+P 2 yet 
+
+
+
+
+2I& 
+
+
+
+yet a Hejiod efteems them three diftinfl: GoddeftL, 
+Secondly, becaufe file has, as the Poets fay, Thru 
+Heads : The Head of a Horfe on the right Side, of a 
+Doo- on the Left, and a human Head in the Midft ; 
+Whence fome call her b Three-headed, or Three-faced. 
+And c others afcribe to her the Likenefs of a Bull, a 
+Do o', and a Lion. 11 Virgil and e Claudian alfo men¬ 
+tion her three Countenances. Thirdly,, according to 
+the Opinion of fome, file is called Triformis, r becaufe 
+the Moon hath three fever al Phafes or Shapes: The 
+New-Moon appears arched round with a Circle of Light. 
+The Half-Moan fills a Semicircle with Light; and the 
+Pull-Moon fills a whole Circle or Orb with its Splen¬ 
+dor. But let us examine tnefe Names more exactly. 
+
+She is named Luna s horn fining, either becaufe ihe 
+only in the Night-Time fends forth a glorious Light, or 
+clfc becaufe file {hincs by borrowed Light, and not by 
+her own; and therefore the Light with which file finnes 
+is always 11 new Light. Her Chariot is drawn with a 
+white and black Horfe; or with two Oxen; becaufe {hc- 
+has got two Horns ; fometimes a Mule is added, fays 
+Fed us, becaufe (he is barren, and finnes by the Light of 
+the Sun. Some fay, that Luna of both Sexes have 
+
+
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+a Orpheus in Argon. b v r^iTreouuTrov, Cor- 
+
+nut. Sc Artemidor. 2. OneirociL c Porph. ap. Ger. 
+d Percent uni toncit ore Deos, hrebunique, Chaojque, 
+Tergeminamque Hecatcm , tria Virginis ora Diana. 
+
+Erebus, and Chaos fhe proclaims. 
+
+And threefold Hecate with her hundred Names, 
+
+And three Diana 9 s. 
+
+c Ecce prOcitl terms ',> Hecate <variata 9 figurjs. 
+
+r (de P>aptu' Prof. 1 , 2- 
+
+
+Behold far off the .Goddefs Hecate 
+In threefold Shape advances 
+
+f Ap. Lil. Gvr. M . 
+
+s A lucendo/quod una fit qua: nodu lucet, Cic. 2 ; deMat. 
+•vel K Quod luce aliena fplendeat, unde Gncce dicnur 
+
+a crfAtfs «ov, id eft, lumen novum. Id. ibid. 
+
+been 
+
+
+
+
+
+l)een wor(hipped, efpecially among the Egyptians ; and 
+indeed, they give this Property to all the other Gods. 
+Thus both Ltmus and Luna were worfhipped, but with 
+this Difference, that thofe who worfhipped Luna were 
+thought fubjeffc to,the Women, and thofe who wor¬ 
+shipped Lunus were fuperior to them. a We muff alfo 
+obferve, that the Men facrificed to Venus , under the 
+Name of Luna , in W omens Cloaths, and the Women 
+in Men’s Cloaths. 
+
+This Luna had a Gallant who was named Endytnion , 
+and he was mightily courted by her .; b infomuch that, 
+to kifs him, fhe defcended out of Heaven, and came 
+to the Mountain Laitnus , or Lathynius , in Carla ; where 
+he lay condemned to an eternal Sleep by Jupiter ^ bc- 
+caufe, when he was taken into Heaven, he impudently 
+attempted to violate the Modefty of Juno . In reality, 
+findytnion was a famous VLJlrotiomer^ who firft defcribed 
+the Courfe of the Moon, and he is reprefented Jleeping , 
+becaufe he contemplated nothing but the Planetary 
+Motions, 
+
+Hecate may he derived from & [ Hecathen ] e?nz - 
+ms ; becaufe the Moon darts her Rays or Arrozvs afar 
+of c She is faid to be the Daughter of Ceres by 
+Jupiter , who being calf out by her Mother, and ex- 
+pofedin the Streets, was taken up by Shepherds, and 
+nourifhed by them ; for which Reafon d fhe was wor- 
+Jhipped in the Streets, and her Statue was ufually fet be¬ 
+fore the Doors of the Houfes, whence fhe took the 
+Name Propyl oca, Others derive her Name from top 
+[Hekaton] centum , becaufe they facrificed a hundred 
+Viaims to her : c Or becaufe, by her Edift, thofe who 
+
+
+a Servius iu 2. -Eneid.. Philocor. Spartian. in Imp. Ca- 
+.rKeal. b Apoll. 4. Argonaut. Plin. 1 . 2. c. o. 
+c Heflod. in Theogon. 
+
+d Nn&urwjque Hecate triruiis ululata per urles . 
+
+
+And Hecate by Night 
+c Paufan. in Atticis. 
+
+
+Virg. iEneid, 9, 
+ador’d with Shrieks. 
+
+
+t 
+
+
+
+214 Of the Gods of the die at hens, 
+
+die, and are not buried, zy cinder an hundred Years up a n p 
+• down HelL However, it is certain, Hie is called Tri¬ 
+via a Trlviis, from ihe Streets ; for fhe was believed to 
+prefidc over the Streets and Ways; fo that they facri- 
+fi.ee d to her in the Streets , a and the Athenians , every 
+New Moon, made a Sumptuous Supper for her there, 
+which was eaten in the Night by the Poor People of 
+the City. b They fay that file was exccffive tall 5 her 
+Head was covered with frightful Snakes inftead of Hair, 
+and her pe.et were like Serpents. c She was rep relented 
+encompalled with Dogs : becaufe that Animal was 
+facrcd to her \ and Hejychius fays, that Ihe was fome- 
+times reprefen ted by a Dog. We are told that fhe 
+prefidcd over Inchantments, and that, d when fhe was 
+called feven Times, fhe came to the Sacrifices : As 
+foon as thefc were finifned, c feveral Apparitions ap¬ 
+peared, called from her Hecataa. 
+
+She was called by the Egyptians f Bubajiis 5 her 
+Fcafts were named Bulajhta \ and the City where 
+they were yearly celebrated, was called Bubajiis . 
+
+Brimo is another of the Names of Hecate and Diana ; 
+which is derived from s the City , which fhe gave when 
+Apollo or Mars offered Violence to her when foe was 
+U hunting. 
+
+She was called Lucira, and Op is , becaufe h foe helps to 
+bring the Children into the JVci Id , which good Office (as 
+they fay) {he fir ft performed to her Brother Apollo:■ 
+For, as foon as foe herfclf was born, fhe affiftedher 
+Mother Lai an a, and did the Office of a Midwife \ 
+1 but was fo affrighted with her Mother’s Pain, that 
+foe rcfolvcd never to have Children, but to live a Vir¬ 
+gin perpetually. 
+
+
+:l Anftophi.nes in Pluto. 
+
+
+
+
+b Lucian. Pfeucloph. c A- 
+pul Gvraiu. Apollin. a Arc-or.ant. c Ovid. o. Metam. 
+f Apollon. 3. Arr,on. R a iVjMBw, fremo, ira exardeico. 
+
+v ^ ^ 4 4 * - n 
+
+n Quod ir/il.mihii? in lueem venientibus open jferat, Aug. cie 
+Civirat. 4. c, 2. \ Caiiimach. Hymn, in Dian* 
+
+x bn 
+
+
+n 
+
+v/ 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 215 
+
+She is called Cbitone and Chitonia , n becaufe Women., 
+?.fter Child-birth, ufed firft to facrifice to *Juno , and 
+then ofFer to Diana their own and their Children’s 
+
+Cloaths. 
+
+She was named Diflynna , -not only from the b Nets , 
+which flie ufed c (for file was an Huntrefs, and the Prin- 
+cefs of Hunters ; for which Reafon all Woods were de¬ 
+dicated to her) but alfo becaufe 11 Britomarth the Virgin j 
+whom file hunted, fell into the Nets, and vowed, if (he 
+efcaped, to build a Temple for Diana. She did efcape, 
+and then confecrated a Temple to Diana Diffynna* 
+Others relate the Story .thus : When Brhomartis , whom 
+Diana loved, becaufe {he was an Huntrefs, fled from 
+Minos her Lover, and caft herfelf into the Sea; flic 
+fell into the Fifhermens’ Nets, and Diana made her a 
+Goddefs. And fince we are talking of Hunting, give 
+me Leave, to add, that the c Ancients thought that 
+Dion a left off Hun ting on the Ides of Augnjl 5 therefore 
+at that Time it was not lawful for any one to hunt, 
+but they crowned the Dogs with Garlands, and, by 
+■the Light of Torches made of Stubble, they hung up 
+the hunting Instruments near them. 
+
+We fhal! only adjoin, to what has been faid, the two 
+Stories o fDhjone and Meleager. 
+
+Cbione was the Daughter of Daedalian , the Son of 
+Dadctlus: She was deflowered by Apollo and Mercury , 
+and brought forth Twins, namely, Pbilammon , a fkilful 
+Mufkian, the Son of Apollo s and Antolychus the Son of 
+Mercury , who proved a famous f Juggler, and an art¬ 
+ful Thief. She was fo far from thinking this a Shame, 
+
+.quail tunicata a yj-un, .tunica; folebant enim 
+feemina: partus laboribus perfundtae Junoni facrificare; fuas 
+autem Sc in fan tiu m voltes Dianas confecrare. Plat. 3. Sympof. 
+c. ult. b Retia enim fev* dicuntur. 
+
+c Ovid. 2. Metam. La£t. Plac. d Schol. Arifloph. 
+
+• c Brodaeus in Anthol. ex Schol. Pindari. 
+
+* 
+
+•f- Furtum ingeniofus ad o?nne 9 
+
+Qni facere afterai , patr'us non degetter art is* 
+
+P 4 
+
+
+thufi 
+
+
+
+
+that fhe grew very proud ; nay openly boafted, a that 
+her Beauty had charmed two Gods, and that (he had 
+two Sons by them. Befides, fhe was b fo bold as to 
+fpeak fcornfully of Diana's Beauty, and to prefer her- 
+felf before her: But Diana did herfelf Juftice, and pu- 
+nifhed the Infolence of this Boafter; for fhe drew her 
+Bow, and Shot an Arrow through her Tongue, and 
+thereby put her to Silence. 
+
+Meleager was punifhed for his Father c Oenetih 
+Fault, who, when he offered his firft Fruits to the 
+Gods, wilfully forgot Diana ; wherefore fhe was an¬ 
+gry, and fent a wild Boar into the Fields of his King¬ 
+dom of Caledonia to deffroy them. Meleager , accom¬ 
+panied with many chofen Youths, immediately under¬ 
+took either to kill this Boar or to drive him out of the 
+Country. The Virgin Atalanta was among the Hun¬ 
+ters, and gave the Boar the fir ft Wound \ and foon af¬ 
+ter Meleager killed him. He valued Atalanta more who 
+wounded him, than himfelf who killed him, d and 
+therefore offered her the Boar’s Skin. But the Uncles 
+
+of 
+
+
+Candida de nigris 15 de. c andcnil bus atra . Ovid. Met. n. 
+Cunning in Theft, and wily in all Sleights. 
+
+Who could with Subtlety deceive the Sight, 
+Converting white to black, and black to white. 
+
+a -- Se peperifte- duos , ta Diis placuijje duobus. 
+
+That file two Sons had brought, by having pleas’d two 
+
+h - Se prefer re Dianre (Gods. 
+
+Suft innit 9 faciemque Dea? culpasvit. At ills 
+Ira ferox mot a eft , faclifque placabimus , inquit . 
+
+Nec mora, eur-uanjit cornu , ner<vufque fagittam 
+Zmpiditj ei merit am irajecitarundine linguam. 
+
+She to Diana's durft her Face prefer, 
+
+.And blame her Beauty. With a cruel Look, 
+
+She faid our Deed ihall right us._ Forthwith took 
+Her Bow, and bent it ; which fhe flrongly drew. 
+
+And through her guilty Tongue die Arrow flew. 
+c Ovid. 8. Metarn. 
+
+<J ,—- Exuujias, rigidis horrent ia Jet is 
+
+ST?rga dot, & magnis inftgnia dentibns ora ., 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens , 2x7 
+
+of Meleager were enraged that the Hide was given to a 
+Stranger, and violently took it from her; whereupon 
+Mdeager killed them. As foon as his Mother Altbcaa 
+underfood that Meleager had killed her Brothers, fhe 
+fought Revenge like a Mad-Woman. In stltbczcds 
+Chamber was a Billet., which, when Meleager was 
+born, a the Fates took, and threw it into the Fire, fay¬ 
+ing? The new-born Infant fhall live as long as this Stick 
+remains unconfumed. The Mother fnatched it out of 
+the Fire, and quenched it, and laid it in a CJofet. But 
+now, moved with Rage, file goes to her Chamber, and, 
+fetching the Stick, b fhe threw it into the Fire ; and, as 
+the Log burned, Meleager , tho’ ah fen t, felt Fire in his 
+Bowels, which confumed him, in the fame Manner that 
+the Wood was confumed ; and when at laft the Log was 
+quite reduced to Afhes, and the Fire quenched, Melea - 
+ger, at the fame Time, expired, and turned to Duft. 
+
+Illi hetitia: eft cum mitnere muneris an Si or, 
+
+Invidere alii,, totoque erat agmzne murmur . 
+
+Then gave the briftled Spoil and ghaflly Head 
+With monftrous Tufhes arm’d, with. Terror bred. 
+
+She in the Gift and Giver Pleafure took. 
+
+All murmur, with prepolt'erous Envy, flruck. 
+
+Tempera, dixenmt, eadc??i ligtioque tibique, 
+
+0 mo do nate , da?mis ; quo pqftquam carmine diSio 
+Excejfere De<e ; Jlagrantem mater ab igne 
+Eripuit ramum, fparfttque liquentibus undis ; 
+
+Servatu/que diu jivvenis Jer^vawrat aim os. 
+
+O lately born, one Period we aflign 
+
+To thee and to the Brand. The Charm they weave 
+
+Into his Fate, and then the Chamber leave. 
+
+His Mother {hatch’d it with a ha fly Hand 
+
+Out of the Fire, and quench’d the flagrant Brando 
+
+This in an inward Clofet clofely lays. 
+
+And by preferving it prolongs his Days. 
+b — Dcxtraque awrfa trementi, 
+
+Funercum torrem medios conjee it in igne's . 
+
+-With Eyes turn’d back, her quaking Hand 
+
+To trembling Flames expos’d thcFun’ral Brand. 
+
+CHAR 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+
+21 8 
+
+C H A F. XX. 
+
+« 
+
+Pales. 
+
+n^HAT old Lad}', which you fee a furroundcd 
+JL with Shepherds^ is Pales the Go chiefs of Shepherds 
+&nd Pajtures. Some call her Magi:a Mater^ and Vefta, 
+To this Gocldefs they facrificed Milk and Wafers made 
+of Millet, that fhe might make the Failures fruitful. 
+They infHtuced the Feafts called Palilia or Partita to 
+Ber Honour, which were obfcrvecf upon the eleventh or 
+twelfth Day of the Calends of S/Jay t . bjr she Shepherds, 
+in the Field on the fame Day in which Romulus, laid 
+-the Foundation of the City. Xhefe Feafts were cele¬ 
+brated to appeafethis Goddefs, that ille might drive a- 
+wzy the Wolves, and prevent the Difeafes incident to 
+Cattle. The Solemnities obferved in the PalillanFeojU 
+were many: The Shepherds placed little Heaps of St raw 
+in a particular Order, and at a certain Diftance; then 
+they danced and leaped over them: Then they purified 
+the Sheep, and the reft of the Cattle with the Fume of 
+JRofernary, Laurel, Sulphur, and the like 5 as we learn 
+from Chizcfy h who gives a Defcrlption of thefe Rites. 
+
+
+•'*- Virg. Eclog- 
+
+b Alma Pales, farueas paper la pacra canentl, 
+
+Profcquar officio f tita faSia ?nco* 
+
+Carte ego de •vituln cincrcm, pipidamquc fahah?;i 
+8 ape Cull, larva, febnta toft a, manu.. 
+
+Ceric ego trcvfdui poptas ter iti or dine'pamwias , 
+
+Vsrgaqua rorales taura a tnipt aquas* 
+
+Great Pales, help ; the Paff’ral Rights I fing. 
+With humble Duty mentioning each Thing. 
+
+A fn es of Calves, and B r an - S t r a vy oft I’ve held. 
+With burnt Purgations in a Hand well fill’d. 
+Thrice o’er the Flames, in order rang’d, I’ve leapt, 
+And holy Dew my Laurel Twig* has dript. 
+
+
+C H A P, 
+
+
+
+Of. the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+£59 
+
+
+CHAP 
+
+
+
+Flora 
+
+
+
+
+OU need not tell me who that GodJefs is. 
+
+
+whom I fee adorned with, fo much Finery 
+and Gracefulnefs, fo dreficd and beautified with Flow¬ 
+ers. It is ■“lorci , the Goddcfs and Prcfulent of Flowers, Is 
+
+it not ? 
+
+] 4 . It is true, the Roma?is gave her the Honour of a 
+Gsddefs ; but, in Reality, fne was a famous Strumpet, 
+who? by her abominable Trade, heaped up a great deal 
+of Money, and made the People of Rome her Heir. 
+Particularly, fhe left a certain Sum, the yearly In¬ 
+ter eft of which was fettled, that the Games, called 
+Vloroles , or Floral: a 0 might be celebrated annually on 
+her Birth-Day. But, becaufe this appeared fcanda- 
+Jous, impious, and profane to the Senate, as it really 
+was, they covered their Defign, and worshiped Flora , 
+under the Title of Goddefs of Flowers ; and pretended 
+that they offered Sacrifice to her, that the Plants and 
+Trees might flourifh. 
+
+Ovid follows the fame Fidlion, and relates, that 
+Chloris , an infamous Nymph, was married to Zcpby- 
+rus , from whom {lie received the Power over ail the 
+Flowers: But let us return to Flora and her Games. 
+Her Image, as we find in Plutarch , was expo fed in the 
+Temple of Gaft or and Pollux , dreficd in a clofie Coat, 
+and holding in her Right-hand the Flowers of Beans 
+and Peafe. c For, while thefe Sports were celebrated, 
+the Officers, or /Fellies ^ fcaltered Beans , and other Pi/Je 
+amongft the People. Thefe Games were proclaimed 
+begun by Sound of Trumpet, a5 we find mention- 
+
+
+o .-I 
+
+tiiiU 
+
+
+a Ln&nntius, 
+Max. 1. 2. c. 5. 
+
+
+1 . ? 
+
+
+c. 
+
+
+4 
+
+
+b Ovid, in Faftis. 
+
+
+Val. 
+
+
+ed 
+
+
+
+220 Of the Gods 
+
+ed in a Juvenal . Then the lewd Women came forth 
+in public, and {hewed Tricks naked. Strange! that 
+fuch Filthinefs (hould be called Flores 9 and fuch Games 
+Flora Ha. 
+
+
+
+a - Dignijfima certe 
+
+Florali Matrona tuba. —- Juaj. Sat. 6. 
+
+-A Woman worthy fare 
+
+Gf Flora 9 s Feltal Trumpet. 
+
+
+'■ ” r r - _ 
+
+C H A P. XXII. 
+
+a 
+
+F E R O N I 
+
+
+
+‘ :i ypErom'a, the a Goddcfs of the Woods , is juftly placed 
+dd near Flora the Goddcfs of Flowers : She is called Fe¬ 
+ronia , from the Care {he takes in b producing and pro¬ 
+pagating Trees. The higher Place is due to her, be- 
+caufe Fruits are more valuable thanFlowers, and Trees 
+than fmall and ignoble Plants. It is laid, {he had a 
+Grove facred to her, under the Mountain Sora6le\ this 
+was fet on Fire, and the Neighbours were refolved to 
+remove the Image of Feronia from thence, when on a 
+fudden the Grove became green again. c Strabo re¬ 
+ports, that thofe who were infpired by this Goddcfs, 
+ufed to walk bare-foot upon burning Coals without 
+Hurt. Though many believed, that by the Goddefs 
+Feronia that Virtue is only meant, by which Fruit and 
+Flowers were -produced. 
+
+
+
+a Virg. y.JEn . b Feronia a ferendis arboribus di&a. 
+c Strabo Geogr. 1 . 5. 
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 221 
+
+CHAP. XXIII. 
+
+P O M O N A . 
+
+P OMONA is the Goddefs , the Guardian , the Pro¬ 
+ficient^ not of the a Apples only, but of all the Fruit 
+fmd the Product of Trees and Plants. As you fee, {he 
+follows after Flora and Feronia in Order 5 but in the 
+Greatnefs of her Merit fhe far furpafles them 3 and has- 
+aPrieft who only ferves her, called Flamen Pomonalis . 
+
+P. What toothlefs Hag is that,- which is fo obfequi- 
+ous to Pomona ? 
+
+M* It is not an old Woman, but a God. I do not 
+wonder that you are deceived, fince in this Difguife he 
+deceived Pomona herfelf. When fhe was very bufy in 
+looking after her Gardens and Orchards with great 
+Care, and was wholly employed in watering and fe~ 
+curing the Roots, and lopping the over-grown Bran¬ 
+ches, b Vcrtumnus , a principal God among the Romans 
+(called fo becaufe he had Power to turn himfeif into 
+what Shape he pleafed) was in Love with Pomona , and 
+counterfeited the Shape of an old grey-headed Woman. 
+He c came leaning on a Staff into the Gardens, admir'd 
+the Fruit and Beauty of them, and, commending her 
+Care about them* he faluted her. Pie viewed the^Gar- 
+dens, and, from the Obfervations which he had made, 
+he began to difcourfe of Marriage, telling her that k 
+would add to the Happinefs even of a God to have her 
+to Wife. Obferve, fays he, the Trees which creep up 
+this Wall: Plow do the Apples and Plums ftrive which 
+(hall excel the other in Beauty and Colour! whereas. 
+
+
+a Pomona a pomis dicitur. h Vertumnus a vertendo- 
+
+quod in quas vellet figuras fefe vertere poterat. 
+c lunite?i> bacido, pcjltis per tempera ca?)is . 
+
+With grey-hair’d Noddle, leaning on a Staff. Ov. Met. 14 , 
+
+
+222 
+
+
+Qj the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+If they had not a Props or Supports, which, like Huf- 
+bands, hold them up, they would perifh and decay. j\\\ 
+this did not move her, till Verinmnus b changed himfelf 
+Into a young Man, and then file began alio to feel the 
+Force and Power of Love, and fubmitted to his 
+
+W i (h es. 
+
+% 
+
+
+
+a At ft floret,, ait, c&lcbsfine palmiie trztncus , 
+
+Nil prazier frondesy quare peieretur, bciberet ; 
+
+Hate quoque, qurs junlia ■zfitis reqftieflcit in ul/?H> 
+
+Si non jun&afloret, terrrc acclinata jaceret : 
+
+'Tit tarns n exemplo non t anger is arbor is hup us, 
+
+Yety faith he, if tills Elm fhould grow alone. 
+Except for Shade, it would be priz’d by none: 
+And fo this Vine in amorous Foldings wound. 
+
+If but disjoin’d, would creep upon the Ground a 
+Yet aft hot thou by fuch Examples led. 
+
+But fhunn'ft the 1 'leafure of an happy Bed. 
+
+b -- In junjenem redditi , & a nilia demit 
+
+bifirumentci fibi ; taliflque apparuit illi , 
+flhsalis ubi oppcfitas nitidiflfima Solis Imago 
+Nvlcit nnbes , niilldque obfiante relax it , 
+
+Vi tuque par at, fled non eft opus, inque figurd 
+Captci Dei Nympho eft , C2 mutua ‘vulneraflenftt^ 
+
+--Again himfelf he grew; . 
+
+Th* Infirmities of heatlcfs Age depos’d. 
+
+And fuch himfelf unto the Nymph difclos’d; 
+
+As when the Sun, fubduing with his Rays 
+The muffling Cloud, his golden Brow difplays, 
+He Force.prepares; of Force there was no Need, 
+Struck with his-Beauty, mutually they bleed. 
+
+9 
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+
+C H A P. X X E V. 
+
+*The Nymphs. 
+
+
+
+O W ob ferve that great Company of neat, pret¬ 
+ty, hand fome, beautiful, charming Virgins, who 
+are verv near the Gardens of Pomona, Some run about 
+the Woods, and hide them Selves in the Trunks of the 
+aged Oaks; fome plunge themfelves into the Fountains,- 
+and fome fwim in the Rivers. They are called by one 
+common Name. 2 Nymphs , b becanfe they always hvkyoung 5 
+or c becaufe they are hanclfome. Yet all have their 
+proper Names befides, which they derive either from 
+the Places where they live, or the Offices they perform $ 
+they are efpecially diftrihuted in Three Clafles, Celt- 
+Jiial , Terrefrtal , and Marhu Nymphs. 
+
+The Gcleftial Nymphs were thofe Genii? thofe Souls 
+and Intellects} a who guided the Spheres of the Heavens,, 
+and difpenfed the Influences of the Stars to the Things 
+of the Earth. 
+
+Of the Perrefrial Nymphs fome preside over the 
+Woods, and were called Dryades- from a Greek [Word'®*-, 
+which principally fignifies an Oak, but generally any 
+Tree whatever. • Thefe Dryades had their Habitations 
+in the Oaks . Other Nymphs were called f Ramadrya&cS^ 
+for they were born when the Oak was firfl: planted, and 
+when it peri flies they die alfo. The Ancients held Arrange 
+Opinions concerning Oaks, they imagined that even 
+the fmalleff Oak was Tent from Heaven.. 
+
+
+a Pkurnut. 
+
+
+k .** A-7r 51 tv dzi vests tp eclvzvkt eel quod Ism per 
+c ’A570 rT (peewzw fplendere, quod forma? 
+
+
+juvenes appsrean-t. c 
+
+decore prarfulgeant.. d Ex. Hlut. Mac rob. Prod. 
+Abided, quercus, Virg. Georg 4. ^ Ab dy.ee, fi 
+
+k ^ vc, quercus. 
+
+
+a. 
+
+
+ial 
+
+
+
+The a Druidee, Priefts of the Gauls, efleemed nothing 
+more divine and facred, than the Excrefcence whici 
+flicks to Oaks.- Others of the Terrejirial Nymphs are 
+called b Oreades or Orejliades , becaufe they prefidedover 
+the Mountains. Others c Napeses, becaufe they had 
+Dominion over the Groves and Vallies. Others 11 Li- 
+moniades, becaufe they looked after the Meadoves and 
+Fields. And others c Meliee , from the Afh-trees facred 
+to them; and thefe were fuppofed to be the Mothers 
+of thofe Children, who were accidentally born under a 
+Tree, or expofed there. 
+
+The Marine Nymphs were either thofe Nymphs f 
+which prefide over the Seas, and were called Nereides, 
+or Nerines , from the Sea-God Nercus , and the Sea- 
+Nymph Doris , their Parents ; (which Nereus and Do¬ 
+ris were born of Dethys and Occanus ; from whom they 
+were called Ouanitides and Oceania-,) or thofe Nymphs 
+who prefide over the Fountains, and were called s Nai- 
+des and Naiades ; or elfe inhabit the Rivers , and were 
+called Fluvtales or h Pot amides ; or laftly, who prefide 
+over the Lakes and Ponds, and were called Limnadcs, 
+
+1 from [ Limtie ,] a Lake.. 
+
+All the Gods had Nymphs attending, them. Jnpitcr 
+fpeaks of his k in Ovid. Neptune had feveral Nymphs, 
+infomuch that Heftod and Pindar call him ' Nymph- 
+getes, that is, the Captain of the Nymphs I he Poets 
+generally give him fifty. Phoebus likewife had Nymphs 
+called Jganippid.a and Mufee. Innumerable were the 
+
+
+
+=> Li!. Gyr. Synt. i. b AbS^Mons. c a wr» f»™ 
+
+vel vallis. ' d a >au.u», pratum. c IVhxla, fraxmus. Ur- 
+pheus in Hymn. S KA, fluo. h a «r orapd;, huvias. a 
+
+AiaP/?) lac U3. 
+
+X Sunt mihi Snntdd, fwii rujlica Numr.ia Fawn, 
+
+El Nymph*, Satyrittae, id MantUol* Sylvan. Met. 1.1. 
+Half Gods and ruilic Fauns attend my Will, 
+
+Nymphs, Satyrs, Svlvans that on Mountains owed, 
+i Nv^ccyh-nojJ oil, Nympharum dux. Hcfiod & 1 im- 
+
+in I ft Inn. N/mphs 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 225 
+
+^ ^ * 
+
+Nymphs of Bacchus , who were called by different 
+Names, Bacchus , BaJJarides , Eloides , and ‘Tbyades. Hunt- 
+j n g Nymphs attended upon Diana \ and Sea-Nymphs* 
+cal led J Nereides i waited upon T'cthys. a Fourteen very- 
+beautiful Nymphs belonged to yuno: Our. of ail winch. 
+I will only give you the Hi (lory of two. 
+
+Arethufa was brie of Dianas Nymphs: Her Virtue 
+was as great as her Beauty; The Pleafantnefs of the 
+Place invited her to cool herfelf in the Waters of a tine 
+clear River : Alpheus , the God of the Rier, afiumed ihe 
+Shape of a Man, and arofe out of the Water : He firli 
+faluted her with kind IVords , and then approached near 
+to her; but away file flies; and he follows her; and, 
+when he had aim oft overtaken her, (he was diflolved 
+with Fear, with the Ailiftance of Diana? whom {he im¬ 
+plored, into a Fountain. b Alpheus then refumed his 
+former Shape of Water, and endeavoured to mix his 
+with her Stream, but in vain; for to rhis Day Arethufa 
+continues her Flight, and, by her Paflage through a 
+Cavity of the Earth, file goes under Ground-into Si¬ 
+cily. Alpheus alfo follows by the like fubterraneous Paf- 
+fages, till at laft he unites, and marries his own Streams 
+to thofe of Arethufa ? iri that Ifiand. 
+
+Echo d was a Nymph formerly, though nothing of her 
+but her Voice remains now, and even when file was 
+
+
+a —Pisfeptemprafianti corpore Nymph ns. Virg. ^heid. 1. 1 * 
+Twice feven, the charming Daughters of the Main, 
+Around my Perfon wait, and bear my Train. 
+
+b - fedenhn cognojcit a?hata's 
+
+Amnis aquas ; pojiioque a)irz, qued fumpferat, ore. 
+
+Vert it ur in proprias , nt fe illi ?nijceat , undos. Ov. Met. 5 * 
+The River his beloved Waters km w ; 
+
+And, putting oif tlv afiumed Shape of Man, 
+
+Refumes his own, and in a Current ran. 
+c Virgil, ./En. 3. 
+
+d Corpus adhuc Echo , 72o?i <vox erat y & tamcn ufuffl 
+Garrula no?i edium, quam nunc babct 7 oris habebat . 
+
+alive, 
+
+
+
+
+226 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+alive, fhe was fo far deprived of her Speech, a that (he 
+could not repeat the laft Words of thofe Sentences 
+which (he heard, b Juno inflidted this Punifhment on 
+her for her Talkativenefs : For* when fhe came down 
+to difcover Jupiter's Amours with the Nymphs, Echo’ 
+detained her very long with her tedious Difcourfes, that 
+the Nymphs might have an Opportunity to efcape, and 
+hide themfelves. This Echo by Chance met Narcijjin 
+rambling in the Woods; and file fo admired his Beau¬ 
+ty, that flie fell in Love with him : She difcovered her 
+Love to him, courted him, followed him, and embraced 
+the proud Youth in-her Arms ; but he broke from her 
+Embraces, and haftily fled from her Sight;, whereupon 
+the defpifed Nymph hid herfelf in the Woods, and pined 
+away with Grief, c fo that every Part of her but her 
+Voice was confirmed,, and her Bones were turned into 
+Stones. 
+
+Narcijfu r. 
+
+
+
+a Reddere de multi* ut verba ?iG r viJJi?na poftct\ OV, Met, 1 . 3, 
+She was a Nymph, though only now a Sound, 
+
+Yet of her Tongue no other Ufe was found. 
+
+Than now flie has; which never could be more*. 
+Than to repeat what flie had heard before. 
+b Fecerat hoc Juno, quia cum deprehdere poffet 
+Sub Jo-'veJepe fuo Nymph as in ?no?ite. jacentes ? 
+
+Ilia deam longo prudens fermofie tenebat, 
+
+Duifijugerent Nympho:* 
+
+This Change impat : ent Juno' s Anger wrought, 
+
+Who, when her Jove flie o’er the Mountains fought,. 
+Was oft by Echo's tedious Tales milled,. 
+
+Till the fliy Nymphs to Caves and Grottos fled. 
+e Vox tantimi, atque fuperfunt : 
+
+Vox manel : ojfa fenmt lapidis traxiffeJignram \ 
+
+Indc latei Jylvis, nulloque in monte % videtur, 
+
+Omnibus c.uditur : /onus eft qui <vi*vit in ilia . 
+
+Her Flefh confumes and moulders with Defpair,. 
+
+And all her Body’s Juice is turn’d to Air ; 
+
+80 wond’rous are the EfFe&s of reftlefs Pain,. 
+
+That nothing but hei Voice and Bones remain. 
+
+2 Nay, 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 227 
+
+Narctffus met with as bad a Fate ; for* though he would 
+neither love others* nor admit of their Love* yet he fell 
+fo deeply in Love with his own Beauty* that the Love 
+of himfelf proved his Ruin. His Thirft led him to a 
+•'Fountain, whofe Waters are clear and bright as Sil¬ 
+ver: When he flooped down to drink, he faw his own 
+linage: he flayed gazing at it, was wonderfully pleafed 
+with the Beauty of it, infomuch that he fell paflionately 
+in Love with it. A b little Water only feparated him 
+from his beloved Objedl. He continued a c long Time 
+admiringhis own beloved Pidlure, before he difcovered 
+what it was that he fo paflionately adored; but, at length* 
+a the unhappy Creature perceived, that the Torture he 
+fufFered was from the Love of his own felf. In a Word* 
+his Pafliori conquered him, and the Power of Love was 
+
+greater 
+
+
+Nay, cv’n the very Bones at la ft are gone. 
+
+And metamorphos’d to a thoughtlefs Stone; 
+
+Yet Rill the Voice does in the Woods furvive ; 
+
+The Form’s departed, but the Sound’s alive. 
+
+4 Fo?is crat illimis nitidis argenteus undis . Ovid. Met. 1 . 3. 
+
+There was, by Chance, a living Fountain near, 
+
+Whofe unpolluted Channel ran fo clear. 
+
+That it feem’d liquid Silver. 
+
+b Exigildprohibetur aqua - 
+
+A little Drop of Water does remove 
+And keep him from the Object of his Love* 
+
+c-- Sed cpaca fufits in berba 
+
+Sped at inexpleto ??ic?zdace?n lumine fbrmam , 
+
+Verque oculos per it ip/e fuos. 
+
+-- He lies extended on the fhady Grafs, 
+
+: Viewing with greedy Eyes the pidlur’d Face, 
+i And on himfelf brings Ruin. 
+
+! d - - Flammas , in quit, moveoque, /eroque : 
+
+\ Qucd c up io jzzccum cjl ; inop cm me copia f<ccit . 
+j 0 utinam a nojiro J'ccedere corpora fojffem / 
+
+V'Anm in amante novum eft, vcllcm quod amamus abe/fet. 
+
+I My Love does vainly on myfelf return, 
+
+\ And Ians the cruel Flames with which I burn*. 
+
+CL* 
+
+
+The 
+
+
+228 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+greater than he Could refift, fo that, by Degrees, - h e 
+wafted away and confumed, and, at laft, by the Favout 
+of the Gods, was turned into a Daffodil, a Flower cal¬ 
+led by liis own Name.. 
+
+The Thing defied I ftill about me bore. 
+
+And too much Plenty has confirm’d me poor. 
+
+O that I from my much-lov’d felf could go, 
+
+A ftrange Re quell, yet would to God ’ twere l*o 1 
+
+a -- attenuates a?nore~ 
+
+LzquiUir-% & css co paulatim car pit ur igne . 
+
+No Vigour, Strength, or Beauty does remain. 
+
+But hidden Flames confume the walling Swain. 
+
+
+C HAP- XXV. 
+
+The Inferior Rural Deities . 
+
+T H E Images of thefe Gods and G'oddefles are fa 
+
+fmall, that we cannot difeern their Figures: 
+Wherefore I will only recount their Names. And firft, 
+Rufina ,, the Goddefs to whole Care all the Parts of 
+the Country are committed.- Then 
+
+Collina , fhe who reigns over the Hills . 
+
+Vallonia , who holds her Empire in the Rallies . 
+Hippona , b who prefides over the Horfes and Stabler 
+c This was the Name alfo of a beautiful Woman 3 be- 
+gotten by one Fulvlus from a Mare, 
+
+Bubona, who hath the Care of the Q^en. 
+
+Seia y d who takes Care of the Seed, whilft it liesfe 
+ried in the Earth. She is Iikewife called c Segetia ; be- 
+caufe (he takes care of the Blade , as foon as it appears 
+green above the Ground. 
+
+* ■■■ ' " n . ii i n— i i, m i « — *tm — 1^1 i i 1 ■ » — ■*»»* 
+
+b Ab i. e. equus. Apuleius Alin. aur. 1. 3 . c Ter- 
+
+tullian. Apol. d a ferendo nomen habet Seia,.ut c Segetia 
+a Segete. PUsu 1. 8. 
+
+Runcina 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 229 
+
+Rtmcina is the Goddefs of Weeding . She is invoiced 
+a when the Fields are to be weeded. 
+
+Occator is the God of Harrowing. He is worfliipp.ed 
+b when the Fields are to be harrowed. 
+
+Sat or and Sarritor are the c Gods of Solving and Ra- 
+
+king. 
+
+To the God Rolngus were celebrated Feftivals called 
+RobigaHa*, which were ufually obferved upon the 7th of 
+th t Galends of May 9 to avert the tl j Blafing of the Cor n . 
+
+■. Siercut'ius , S ter cuius , or 'Sterculius , called like wife 
+Surquilinius and Picumnus , is the Rural God 0 who fir ft 
+invented the Art of c Dunging the Ground. 
+
+Proferpina is the Goddefs which .prefides over the 
+Corn, f when it is fp routed pretty high above the Earth . 
+We (hall fpeak more of her when we difeourfe concern¬ 
+ing the Infernal Deities . 
+
+Nodofus , or Nodotus , is the God that takes care of the 
+s Knots and the 'Joints of the Stalks* 
+
+Volufia is the Goddefs which takes care to fold the 
+Blade round the Corn, before the Beard breaks o.uf., 
+which h Foldings of the Blade contain the Beard., as 
+Pods do the Seed. 
+
+Patelina takes Care of the Corn* 1 after it is broken 
+out of the Pod, and appears.. 
+
+The Goddefs Flora prefides over the Ear, when it k 
+blofloms. 
+
+And La Slur a or LaSlucina , who is next to Flora , pre¬ 
+fides over the Ear when it begins ! to have Milk. 
+
+And Matura takes Care that the Ear comes to a juft 
+Maturity . 
+
+
+I * M a 1 ♦ < 
+
+
+a Cum rune ant ur agrL b Cum ocean fur agri, Serv. in 
+
+Georg. 1. Plin. 1 . i8.e. 29. * c I-ta di£ti a Serendu& Sar~ 
+
+vmdo. d Ad avertendam a fatis rubiginem. c Ita dicitur 
+a St ercore. f Cum fuper terram feges proferpferit . s Prae- 
+
+ponitur N dis Geniculifque culmorum. h Kolliculorurp /»- 
+mlttcris praeficitur. 1 Cum fpica patet poflquam e folliculis 
+emerftt. Cum jlorefcit . 1 LaSlefcere. 
+
+CL 3 Hof Hina 
+
+
+2 oo Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Hojlilina was worfhipped, that the Ears of the Co m 
+might grow a even 5 and produce a Crop proportion- 
+
+able to the Seed fown. 
+
+Tutelina , or Tutulina , hath the Tutelage of Corn when 
+it is reaped. 
+
+Phtlumnus invented the Art of b Kneading and Ba¬ 
+king the Corn. 
+
+Mcllona invented the c Art of making Honey. 
+And Fornax is eftcemed a Goddefs ; becaufe, before 
+the Invention of Grinding the Wheat, the 3iead Corn 
+was parched in a Furnace . Ovid A makes mention of 
+
+this Goddefs. 
+
+Thefe mean Deities are but the Refufe of the Gods. 
+Let us leave them, and turn our Eyes to the Left- 
+hand Wall in this Pantheon , where we fhall fee the 
+
+Gods of the Sea . 
+
+
+a Ab hoJUrcy quod veterum lingua fignificabat idem quod 
+square. Augultinus de Civitate jam laudatus. b hpilando , 
+id eft, condenfando & farinam fubigendo.^ Vid. berv. in 
+JEneid. 9 . c Artem mellificii excogitavit. 
+d Tafia Dea ejl Fornax , l-vtifornace coloni 
+Or ant ut <vires temper et ilia Jit as* Fait. 1. 6, 
+
+A Goddefs Fornax is, and her the Clowns adore. 
+
+That they may’ve kindly Batches by her Pow r. 
+
+
+.1 
+
+
+4 
+
+>1 
+
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+
+
+
+C H A P. I. 
+
+SECT. I. Neptune. His Name and 
+
+Defcent. 
+
+W HIS is a glorious and beautiful Scene. 
+4? ^ % Are thefe the Gods of the Waters ? Are 
+
+thefe the Marine Gods, whofe numerous 
+% ^ cl' Companions are carried all over the li- 
+
+. quid Plains of the Sea in Shells ? 
+
+M- Thefe are the Gods? the Prefi- 
+dents, *the Princes of the vaft Finny Regions, and the 
+Moderators of the flowing Waves. 
+
+P, And who is that King, with black Hair and blue 
+Eyes, who holds a Sceptre in his Right-hand like a 
+Fork with three "Tines , and is fo beautifully arrayed in 
+a Mantle of A%ure , clafping his Left-hand round his 
+Queen’s Waift? He Hands upright in his Chariot, 
+which is a large Efcallop-fhell drawn by Sea-horfes, 
+
+m ky °dd Kind of Animals, which refem- 
+
+ole Men in the upper Parts, and Fifh in the lower. 
+
+M. It 
+
+
+
+232 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+jyj. It is Neptune , whofe Name is derived by the 
+Chan'o-e of a few Letters from the Word a Nubo, which 
+fign'fies to cover ; becaufe the Sea encompaffes, embra¬ 
+ces and, as it were, covers the Land. Or, as others be¬ 
+lieve, he is To called from the Egyptian Word (Ncp. 
+then) which fi-nines the Coafls and Promontories, apd 
+other Parts of the Earth which are wafhed by the Wa¬ 
+ters. So that b ‘Lully, who derives Neptune a Nando, 
+from fwimming, is either miftaken, c or thg Place is 
+
+C °7 t is Neptune, I fay, the Governor of the Sea , the Fa¬ 
+ther of the Rivers and the Fhpntains, and the Son of 
+s a tum by Ops. ' His Mother preferved him from the 
+devou ine Jaws of Saturn , who, as we remarked a- 
+bove eat up all the Male Children that were born to 
+him ’bv giving Saturn a young Foal to eat in his Stead. 
+In the Greek he is called no mtSuv [ Pofeidon ,] becaufe he 
+fo hinds i our Feet that we are not able $o walk within 
+
+his Dominions’, that is, on the Water. 
+
+When he came to Age, Saturn’s Kingdom was cl,v.- 
+
+ded bv Lot, and the Maritime Parts fell to him. He and 
+'Atollo bv Jupiter’ s Command, were forced to ferve La- 
+
+feme other Gods had plotted againft Jupiter. ihen 
+he took * Amphitrite to Wife, who refufed a long Time 
+to hearken to his CourtChip, and comply with his De¬ 
+fires ; but, at lift, by the Affillance of a Ddphin. and 
+bv the Power of Flattery, he gained her. To recom- 
+
+fhe I.." anJ made a Conftellation. M>•» 
+
+?,h„. Wives befides, Sithcw, fo named from Salum, the 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+• A nuhendo, quod mare terras obnubat. Varro » Tul- 
+v A* vi-Qf' T)enr-1-2- c Lipiius and Bochartus. 
+lUS ' hcr'jov hoc eft, pedibus vinculum injicic, ne pedibusa- 
+
+quas ambulemus. ’Plato in Cratyl. c 
+
+to dpQng&B, a circumterendo, quod terrain m 
+
+cumterat. - Sea 5 
+
+- * 1 " 3 ' '' 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+2 33 
+
+
+Sea a or ibe Salt Water towards the lower Part and Bot¬ 
+tom of the Sea . And Fenelia , fo named from Feniendo , 
+became the Sea goes and comes with the Tide ; it ebbs 
+and flows by Turns. 
+
+
+Auguflinus de Civitate Dei. 
+
+
+SECT. II. Aflions of Neptune. 
+
+\ 
+
+fnr - '' H E Poets tell us, that Neptune produced a b Horfe 
+j[ in Attica out of the Ground, by c ilriking it with 
+his Trident 5 whence he is called Hippius , and d Hippo - 
+dr omits , and is efteemed the Prefident over the Horfe- 
+Races . At his Altar, in the Circus of Rome , Games were 
+inflicted, in yvhich they reprefented c the ancient Ro¬ 
+mans by Violence carrying away the Sabine Virgins- 
+Idis Altar was under Ground, and he was facrificed un¬ 
+to by the Name of f Confus , God ofCounfel ; which, for 
+the moft part, ought to be given privately ; and there¬ 
+fore the God Confus was worshipped in an obfcure and 
+private Place. The folemn Games s Confualia , which 
+were celebrated in the Month of March , were inftitu- 
+
+♦ s _ 1 * • » • 
+
+ted in Honour of Neptune , whofe other Name was, as 
+I have faid, Confus . At the fame Time theHorfes left 
+working, and the Mules wer? adorned with Garlands 
+of Flowers. 
+
+Hence alfo it comes that the Chariot (as you fee) of 
+Neptune is drawn by Hippocampi , or Sea-Horfes y as well 
+as fometimes by Dolphins . Thofe Sea - Horfes had the 
+Tails of Fifhes, and only two Feet, which were like 
+
+b Sophocl. in CEdip. 
+
+c Percujfa tnagno tellure tridente . 
+
+With his huge Trident having ftruck the Ground. 
+
+Virg. Georg . /. 1. 
+d Ab Y&tsos, i. e. equus. So Sig6ftof 9 i. e. curfus, Pindar. 
+0de 1 . Ifth. Var. ap. Lil. Gyr. c Dion. Halic. 1. 2 . 
+f Aconfllio dando, Servius -ffineid, 8 . £ Plut. in Roniulo, 
+
+Dion. Halic. L z, . 
+
+
+the 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens a 
+
+
+the Fore-feet of a Horfe, according to the Defcription 
+given of him in a Statius 5 and this is the Reafon why 
+h Virgil calls them two-footed Horfes. Neptune guides 
+them, and goads them forward with his Trident;, as it 
+is prettily expreffed in c Statius, 
+
+It was therefore Neptune 9 s peculiar Office, not only 
+to preftde over, and govern Horfes both by Land and by 
+Sea,but alfo the Government of Ships v/as committed 
+to his Care, which were always fare under his Protec¬ 
+tion: For, whenever he d rides upon the Waters, the 
+Weather immediately grows fair, and the Sea calm. 
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+a lllic JEgeo NcpUinus gnrgiiefeffcs 
+
+In port urn dcducit equos , prior baurit habenas 
+
+XJnguta, pofiremi fol'uuntur in square pi fees. Theb. 3, 
+
+Good Neptune's Steeds to reft are fet up here. 
+
+In the Mgcan Gulph, whofe fore Parts harxnlefs bear 
+
+Their hinder Parts fifh-fhap’d. 
+b --. Magnum qui pifeibus aquor 9 
+
+Etjuntto bipedum curni metaur equoruin. Georg. 1 . 4. 
+
+--Through the vail Sea he glides, 
+
+Brawn by a Team half Fifh half Hoife he rides. 
+c Triplicz ielo jnbet ire jugales : 
+
+Jllifpuvzifcros g lomcranl ?i psSiore jhtttus 9 
+
+Pone natcent, dclcntque pcdu/ji ‘vcjligia ccaul a. AchiL hi* 
+
+Shaking his Trident, urges on his Steeds, 
+
+Who with two Feet beat from their brawny Breafts 
+The foaming Billows ; but their hinder Parts 
+Swim, and go fmooth again ft the curling Surge. 
+
+Homer, in Hymn. Sil. ItaL /. Z* 
+
+a -- efumida ecquora placat , 
+
+Collett afque fugat mibes , fokmque reducit. fEneid. L 1 > 
+
+-Pie fmooths the Sea, 
+
+Bilpels the Darknefs, and reftores the Day. 
+
+-- cequora pojlquam 
+
+Profpiciens Genii or , Coeloque inuettus aperto , 
+
+Fleet it equos , curmque solans dat lorafscundo * 
+
+Subjidunt imdc€ y iumidumque fu b axe tonanti 
+St emit ur requo r aquis 7 fugiunt *vajlo &there idinbz. 
+
+
+Where- 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+Where-e’er he guides 
+
+His finny Couriers, and in Triumph rides. 
+The Waves unrufHe, and the Sea fubfides. 
+
+
+
+SECT. III. Children of Neptune. 
+
+rip HE moft remarkable of his Children were Pkor- 
+j[ cus , or Phorcys , and Proteus. 
+
+Phorcus was his Son a by the Nymph Thcfea. He 
+was vanquifhed by dtlas, and drowned in the Sea : His 
+furviving Friends faid, that he was made a Sea-God , 
+and therefore they worfhipped him. We read of ano¬ 
+ther Phorcus , b who had three Daughters; they had 
+but one Eye among them all, which they all could 
+ufe: When any of them defired to fee any Thing,/he 
+fixed her Eye in her Forehead, in the fame Manner as 
+Men fix a Diamond in a Ring: When fhe had ufed 
+it, fhe pulled the Eye out again, that her Sifters might 
+have it • thus they all ufed it, as there was Occafion. 
+Proteus , his other Son, was the c Keeper of the Sea- 
+Calves ; his Mother was the Nymph Phosnice. d He 
+could convert himfelf into all Sorts of Shapes; fotne- 
+times he could flow like the Water, and fornetimes 
+burn like the Fire ; fornetimes he was a Fifih, fome- 
+times a Bird, a Lion, or whatfoever he pleafed : Nor 
+was this wonderful Power enjoyed by Proteus alone ; 
+for Vertumnus , one of the Gods of the Romans , had it5 
+his Name fhews it, as we obferved before in the Story 
+of Pomona . And from that Go d^Vertumnus, comes that 
+common Latin Expreftion, beiie or male vertat , may it 
+lucceed well or ill ; becaufe it is the Bufmefs of the God 
+f CYtumnus c to prefide over the Turn or Change of Things , 
+
+a Var. ad. Nat. Com. b Palsphat. in fab. c Pho- 
+carum leu Vitulorum marinorum pallor. Tzetz. chil. 2. 
+lull. 44. <1 Ovid. Metam. 8. c Vertumnus di£fus eft 
+
+a vertendo. Rebus ad opinata revertentibus pr&efte. Do- 
+tutus in i’erent, 
+
+which 
+
+
+
+-Of the Gods 
+
+yuhich happen according to Expectation ; though often*' 
+•times what we think good is found, in the Condufion, 
+[inale vert ere] to be worfe than was expected ; as that 
+a Szvord was which Dido received from JEtuas^ with 
+which fhe afterwards killed herfelf. „ 
+
+Neptune b endued Periclimenus , Nejlors Brother, with 
+the fame Power, who was afterwards killed by Hercules 
+|n the Shape of a Fly ; for, when he fought againft Ne. 
+leus, a Fly tormented him, and ftung him violently • 
+when Pallas difcovered to Hercules , that this Fly was 
+
+Periclimenus , he killed him. 
+
+Neptune gave the fame Power to c Metra , Mejlra , or 
+Mejire , the Daughter of ErifiCihon: She obtained this 
+Reward from him, becaufe he had debauched her, by 
+which Power fhe was enabled to fuccour her Father's 
+infatiable Hunger. 
+
+For the fame Caufe Cants , a Virgin of ThcJJaly , ob¬ 
+tained the fame, or rather a greater Power from Nep¬ 
+tune ; for he gave her Power to change her Sex, and ; 
+made her invulnerable ; fhe therefore turned herfelf ; 
+into a Man, and was called Caucus: She fought againft 1 
+the Centaurs , till they had overwhelmed her with a vaft 
+Load of Trees, and buried her alive d ; after which 
+fhe was changed into a Bird of her own Name. 
+
+
+
+of the Heathens 
+
+
+a --- enfcinque recludit 
+
+Dardanium, non bos qttafuum mitnns in ufus . Virg. ^n. 1 .4. 
+
+—.-The Trcjan Sword unfheath’d, 
+
+A Gift by him not to this Ufe bequeath’d. 
+b Homer, in OdyIT. 1 . 11. 
+
+c Nunc equa , nunc ales, ?>iodo bos , modo feruus abibat , 
+
+Pr&bebatq^ a'vido non jnjia aliment a parent i . Ov. Met. 1 . 8. 
+Now Hart-like, now a Cow, a-Bird, a Mare, 
+
+She fed her Father with ill-purchas‘d Fare. 
+
+* Ovid. Metam, 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAR II. 
+
+Triton* and the other Marine Gods. 
+
+r R ITON was the a Son of Neptune by Amphitrite e 
+He was his Father’s Companion and b 'Trumpeter* 
+Down to his Navel he refembles a Man, but his other 
+Part is like a Fifh. His two c Feet are like the Fore¬ 
+feet of a Horfe, his Tail is cleft and crooked, like a 
+Half-Moon, and his Hair refembles wild Parfley. Two 
+Princes of Parnaffus ( <l Virgil and e Ovid) give moft 
+elegant Descriptions of him, 
+
+OceamtSp 
+
+
+a Hefiod. in Theogon. 2. Stat. 6. Theb. b Virg. iEn. 5. 
+c Apollon. Argon. 4. 
+
+11 Hunc vehit immanrs Triton, & caerula concha 
+Exterrensfret a ; cm late rum tenus bifida nan it 
+Front hominem prsefert, in priftim dejtnit alvus, 
+
+Spumea peftiferofub pedlore vzurmurat unda. JEn. ia*- 
+
+Him and his martial Train the Triton bears, 
+
+High on his Poop the Sea-green God appears; 
+
+Frowning, he feems his crooked Shell to found,, 
+i And at the Blaft the Billows dance around. 
+
+An hairy Man above the Waift he grows ; 
+
+A Porpoife Tail beneath his Belly grows. 
+
+And ends a Fifh ^ His Breads the Waves divide. 
+
+And Froth and Foam augment the murmuring 'Fide, 
+c Cszruleum Triton a vocat, concbaque fonanti 
+Inf pirate jubst, fluftufque & jtumina fgno 
+'‘jam revocare dato* Ca va buceina fumitur illi. 
+
+Tort His in latum T qius turbine c refit in imo: 
+
+Ruccina voce replet fetb utroque jacentia Pbcsbo. Met. r „ 
+Old Triton riling from the Deep he {pies, 
+
+Whofe Shoulders rob’d, with native Purple, rife. 
+
+And bids him his loud-founding Shell ini pi re, ’ 
+
+And give the Floods a Signal to retire. 
+
+He 
+
+
+
+2^8 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Oceanus, another of the Sea-Gods, a was the Son of 
+Caelum and Vcjla, b v/ho, by the Ancients, was called the 
+Father , not only of all the Rivers, but of the Animals, 
+and of the very Gods themfelves ; for they imagined, 
+that all the Things in Nature took their Beginning 
+from him. It is faid, he begot of his Wifi eTethys Three 
+Thoufand Sons, the moil eminent of which were, 
+Nereus, c who wasmurfed and educated by the Waves, 
+d and afterwards dwelt in the /Egcan Sea, and became 
+a famous Prophefier. He c begat Fifty Daughters by 
+his Wife Doris, which Nymphs were called, alter their 
+
+Father’s Name, Nereides. 
+
+Palecmon , and his Mother I no, are alfo to be reckon’d 
+among the Sea-Deities. They were made Sea-krods 
+on this Occafion ; Ino's Hufband Aihcimas was diffracted, 
+and tore his Son Lcarchus into Pieces, and dallied him 
+againft the Wall: I no faw this, and fearingleft thefamc 
+Fate fnould come upon herfelf,and her other Son, Me- 
+licerta, fhc took her Son, and with him threw herfelf 
+into the Sea, where they were made Sea-Deities: No¬ 
+thing perifced in the Waters but their Names. Tho' 
+their former Names were loft in the Waves, yet they 
+found new ones: She was called Leucothea, and he Pa- 
+lamonhy the Greeks, and Portunmus by the Latins. 
+
+Giattcus the Fifnerman became a Sea-God by a more 
+pleafant Way : For, when he pulled the Fifn, which 
+he had caught, out of the Nets, and laid them on die 
+Shore, he obferved, that, by touching a certain f Herb, 
+the Fifn recovered their Strength, and leaped again irl- 
+to the Water. He wo'ndered at fo ftrange an EfFeft, and 
+
+1 l - — T 1,1 1 - ' 
+
+l 
+
+He his wreath’d Trumpet takes (as given in Charge) 
+r l hat from the turning Bottom grows more large: 
+
+This, when the Numni o’er the Ocean founds, ^ 
+
+The Eaft and Weil, from Shore to Sho»e, rebounds. 
+a Behod. in Theogon. b Orph in Hymn.Hefiod. iW 
+* Herat, i. Carm. ° ,J Euripid. in Iphig. * Apol.4. 
+
+f Strab. I.9. . 
+
+^ had 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the heathens* 23 
+
+liatl a Defire to tafte this Kerb: a When he had tafted 
+■ n he followed his Fifh, and, leaping into the Water^ 
+became a God oj^ the Sea « 
+
+To thefe we may add the Story of Canopus , a God 
+of the Egyptians? who, by the Help of TVater? gained a 
+memorable Victory over the Gods of the Chaldea ns* 
+b When thefe two Nations contended about the Power 
+and Superiority of their Gods, the Priefts confented to 
+bring thefe two -Gods together, that they might decide 
+their Controverfy : The Chaldeans brought their God 
+Ignis (Fire) and the Egyptians brought Canopus ; they 
+fetthe two Gods near one another to fights Canopus's 
+Belly was a great Pitcher filled with Water, and full 
+of Holes, but fo flopped with Wax, that no-body could 
+tlifeern them. When the Fight began y Fire?. the God 
+of the Chaldeans , melted the Wax, which flopped the 
+Holes, fothat Canopus? with Rage and Violence, 
+faulted him with Streams of Water, and totally extin- 
+
+, vanq.uifhed, and overcame him. 
+
+
+guifhed 
+
+
+3 Ovid. Metam. 1 . 13 
+
+
+* 
+
+^ Ruffin. I. *s.c. 26. 
+
+
+CHAR IIL 
+
+SECT. I. The Mongers of the Sea* 
+
+The Si r e n s. 
+
+T here were three Sirens 5 vvhofe Parentage is 
+uncertain, though fome fay, a that they were the 
+Offspring of Achelous the River + and Melpomene the 
+Mufe . b They had the Faces of Women, but the Bo¬ 
+dies of flying Fifh: They dwelt near the Promontory 
+Peloris in Sicily (now called Capo di Faro) or in the 
+Illands called c Sirennfa , which are iituate in the. ex- 
+
+a Nicand. Metam. 3. b Ovid. Metam. 3. c Strabo,, 
+
+Idem, Li. 
+
+
+treme 
+
+
+
+24 ° Of the Gods of ihe Heathens 
+
+extreme Parts of Italy , where, with'the Sweetnefiof 
+their Singing, they allured .all the Alen to them, that 
+failed by thofe Coafts; and when* by their Charms, 
+
+they brought upon them a dead Sleep, they drowned 
+
+them in the Sea, and afterwards took them out and 
+devoured them. Their Names were Parthenope, (who 
+died at Naples , for which Reafon that City was for¬ 
+merly called Parthenope) Ligea, and Leucofta. 
+
+That their Charms might be eafiher received, and 
+make the oreater Impreflion on the Minds of the Hear¬ 
+ers, they ufed mufical Inftruments with their Voices, 
+a adapted the Matter of their Songs to the Temper and 
+Inclination of their Hearers. b With fome Songs they 
+indeed the Ambitious, with others the Voluptuous, 
+and with other Songs they drew on the Covetous to 
+
+their Deftruaion. 
+
+P. What then ? Could no Pafiengers ever efcape 
+
+this Plague ? „ , n , 
+
+M. Hiftory mentions only two, UlyJJes and Urpheu 
+
+who efcaped. c The firft was forewarned of the Danger 
+of their charming Voices, by Circe ; wherefore he flop¬ 
+ped the Ears of his Companions with Wax, and was 
+himfelf faft bound to the Mall of the Ship, by which 
+Means he fafely paffed the fatal Coafts. d But Orphan 
+overcame them in their own Art, and evaded the 
+Temptations of their murdering Muftck , by playing 
+upon his Harp, and finging the Praifes of the Cods fo 
+well, that he out-did the Sirens. I he Fates had or¬ 
+dained, that the Sirens fhould live, till fomebody, who 
+paffed by, heard them fing, and yet efcaped alive. When 
+therefore they faw themfelves overcome, they grew de- 
+
+
+
+a Homer. OdyfT. 
+
+b Monfir a Maris Sirejies erant , qua *voce caiicr j* 
+Quajlibet admiffas detinuere rates. Ov. de Art 
+Sirens were once Sea-Monfters, mere Decoy?, 
+Trepanning Seamen with their tuneful voice. 
+c Homer. QdvfT. i. ^ Apollon. Argon. 
+
+
+Am. 1.3« 
+
+
+fperate 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathe?is . 241 
+
+fp crate, and threw themfielves headlong into the Sea, 
+alK i were turned into Stones. Some write that they 
+were formerly Virgins, Proferpinas Companions, who 
+foupht every-where for her when file was ftolen away 
+by Pluto; but when they could not find her, they were 
+f 0 grieved that they caft themfclves into the Sea, and 
+from that Time were changed into Sea-Monitors. a O- 
+thers add, that, by Juno's Perfuafion, they contended in 
+Mufick with the Mufes, who overcame them, and, to 
+punilh their Rafhnefs*, cut ofF their Wings, with which 
+they afterwards made for themlelves Garlands. 
+
+P. What did the Poets fignify by this Fi£tion? 
+
+M.. That the b Minds of Men are dep fed from their 
+proper Seat and State by the Allurements of Plsafurc . It 
+corrupts them; there is not a more deadly Plague in 
+Nature to Mankind than Voluptuoufnefs : Whoever 
+addidls himfelf altogether to Pleafures* lofes his Rea- 
+lon, and is ruined ; and he that defires, to decline their 
+Charms, muft flop his Ears, and not liften to them, but 
+muft hearken to the Mufick of Orpheus ; that is, he 
+muft obferve the Precepts and Inftrudtions of the Wife . 
+
+Now turn your Eyes to thofe two Monfters, who 
+are called Scylla and Charybdis . 
+
+
+a Paufan. in Boeot. 
+
+b Voluptatum illecebris mentem c fua fede & ftatu dimo- 
+veri. Cicero Paradox* i. de Senedlute* 
+
+
+SECT. II. Scylla and Charybdis. 
+
+
+HT^HE Defcription of Scylla is very various ; for fome 
+J. fay, that n file was a moft beautiful Woman from 
+the Breafts downward, but had fix Dogs Heads. Again, 
+others fay, that in her upper Parts fhe refemblcd a Wo¬ 
+man, in her lower a Serpent and a Wolf. But, what- 
+
+R ever 
+
+
+
+a Homeri OdyfT. 
+
+
+2-42 
+
+
+Of tb 
+
+
+of the Heathens 
+
+
+ever her Picture was* a every body (ays {he was the 
+Daughter of Phorcus. She was courted by Glaucus, and 
+' received his Embraces * whereupon CjiTcc * who paftio- 
+nateiy loved Glaucus , and could not bear that Scylla was 
+preferred before her by Glaums^ J poifoned, with veno¬ 
+mous Herbs, thofe Waters in which Scylla ufed to waft 
+herfelf: Scylla was ignorant of it, and, according to her 
+Cuftorn, went into the Fountain; and when {he faw 
+that the lower Parts of her Body were turned into the 
+Heads of Dogs, being extremely grieved that {he had loft 
+her Beauty, {lie caft herfelf headlong into the Sea, where 
+fhe was turned into a Rock, infamous for the many 
+Ship-wrecks which happen there, which Rock is ftill 
+feen in the Sea, which divides Italy from Sicily, between 
+Me (Jin a, a City of Sicily, and Rhcgium (now called Reg¬ 
+gio) in Calabria. This Rock is faid to be furrounded 
+with Dogs and Wolves, who devour the Pertons who 
+are call away there. But hereby is meant only, that 
+when the Waves, by a violent Storm, are dallied 
+againft this great Rock, the Noife a little refembles the 
+Barking of Dogs, and the Howling of Wolves. 
+
+P. You fay, that Scylla was the Daughter of Phor¬ 
+cus ; but was {he not rather the Daughter of Nifus 
+
+King of Megara ? 
+
+M. No, that Scylla was another Woman; for Scylla, 
+~ the Daughter of King Nifus , was in Love with Minos 
+who befieged her Father in the City of Megara .. She 
+betrayed both her Father and her Country to him, by 
+cutting off the fatal Lock of purple Hair, in which 
+were contained her Father’s and her Country s Safety, 
+and fent it to the Befieger. Minos gained the City by 
+it, but detefted Scylla s Pcrfidioufnefs, and hated ber. 
+She could not bear this Misfortune, but was changed 
+into a Lark . Nifus, her Father, was likewife changed 
+into a Spar-Hawk , which is called Nifus , after his 
+
+
+
+a Apollon. 3. Argon. b Myro Prian. 1 * 3 * R erum 
+
+Me flan. c Paufanias in Attic. _ 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 243 
+
+Name ; and this Spar-Hawk, as if he yet fought to pu^ 
+nifh his Daughter’s great Bafenefs, ftill purfues the 
+Lark with great Fury to devour her. 
+
+Cbarybdis is avail Whirlpool in the fame Sicilian Sea , 
+over-again ft a Scylla , which fwallows down whatfoever 
+comes within its Circle, and vomits it up again They 
+fay, that this Chaiybdis was formerly a very ravenous 
+Woman, who ftole away Hercules s Oxen, for which 
+Theft Jupiter ftruck her dead with Thunder,^ and 
+then turned her into this Gulph. You will find an 
+elegant Defcription of tliefe two Monfters, Scylla and 
+Cbarybdis-, in b Virgil . 
+
+P. What do thefe Fables of Scylla and Cbarybdis 
+reprefent to us ? 
+
+M. They reprefent to us Luft and Gluttony, mon- 
+firous Vices, which render our Voyage thro’ this W orltl 
+extremely hazardous and perilous* Luft, like Scylla , 
+
+
+a Virg. Georg. 5. 
+
+b Dextrum Scylla latus, Ics-vum implacata Cbarybdis 
+Obfidet , atque imo Baratbri ter gurgite <■vajlos 
+Sorbet Z 7 i abruptunijluttus, rurfufq; fub auras 
+Erigit alter 12 os, Jidera Berber at unda . 
+
+At Scyllam cacis cobibet fpelunca lateb-ris 
+Ora exert ant em , & naves in faxa trahentem . 
+
+Primahominis facies, & p tile hr 0 pediore virgo 
+Pule tenus ; pojlrema immani corpore Pifcis , 
+
+Delphi man caudas liter 0 commiffa luporum . ^Eneid. 1 . 3* 
+
+Far on the Right her Dogs foul Scylla hides : J 
+
+Cbarybdis roaring on the Left prefides, > 
+
+And in her greedy Whirpool fucks the Tides : j 
+
+Then fpouts them from below; with Fury driv’n. 
+
+The Waves mount up, and wafh the Face of Heaven: 
+But Scylla , from her Den, with open Jaws 
+The finking Veffel in her Eddy draws. 
+
+Then dafhes on the Rocks : A Human Face, 
+
+And Virgin-Bofom, hides the Tail’s Difgrace, 
+
+Her Parts obfeene bejovv the Waves defeend. 
+
+With Dogs inclos’d, and in a Dolphin end. 
+
+R2 
+
+
+enrages 
+
+
+
+2 44 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+enrages unwary PafTengersby the Beauty and Pomp of 
+her Outfide, and when they are entangled m her Snares, 
+
+{he tortures, vexes, torments, and difquiets them with 
+Rap-e and Fury, which exceeds the Madnefs of Dogs, 
+or the Ravenoufnefs of Wolves. Gluttony is a Cba- 
+rybdis , a Gtdph, a Whirl-pool that is infatiable ; it buries 
+Families alive, and devours Eftates, and confumes 
+Lands and Treafures, and fucks up all Things : They 
+are neighbouring Vices, and, like Scylla and Charybdis, 
+are but little diftant from each other nay, they are 
+feldom feparate, but aft with united Forces; for you 
+will not eafily find a Man, who is greatly addi&ed to , 
+the Luxury of Eating and Drinking , who is notalfoa ) 
+Slave to the Luxury of Concupifcence , and befmeared j 
+with the forbidden Filth of bafe Pleafures, and wholly : 
+given up to do the mod vile and impudent Lulls. 
+b But it is now Time to confider the Place in which 
+the Wicked are tormented eternally , or rather to call 
+down our Eyes upon it, in the lower Apartment of this 
+Pantheon , where the Infernal Gods are painted : Wc 
+will only take a tranfitory View of this Scene, fince 
+it wilt be very unpleafant to flay long in Co doleful, fo 
+
+fad a Place. 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+
+PART 
+
+
+r.» * ^ ,'AJC I* 'it -wO»Ait* 'Al 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
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+
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+
+
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+
+
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+
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+
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+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. L 
+
+A View of TrL ell. 
+
+
+
+
+Wonderous! What a. horrid and 
+^ difmal Spedtacle is here ! 
+
+^ Af. You muft imagine that we 
+
+^ dF are 110w * n t ^ le Confines of Hell? 
+
+Y Qfcl'VaO A Prithee come along with me $ I will 
+
+* ~ 1 be the fame Friend to you which the 
+
+a Sibyl was to Mneas . Nor flvall you need a golden 
+Bough to prefent to Proferpme* You fee here painted 
+thofe Regions of Hell, of which you read a moft ele¬ 
+gant Defcription in b Virgil . The Pafiage that leads 
+£s> thefe infernal Dominions was a wide dark Cave, 
+through which you pafs by a fteep rocky Defcent, 
+till you arrive at a gloomy Grove, and an unnavi- 
+
+gable 
+
+
+:i Virgil .ZEneid. 6. 
+
+l ' Sprlu)!; a alt a fuit , ‘vafloq', Jmmanis hialu, 
+Scrape a, tut a lacu ?iigro ne.rnorumque tenebrii . 
+
+R 3 
+
+
+Qnam 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+gable Lake called a Avernus , from whence fuch poU 
+J'onous Vapours arife, that no Birds can flyover it, 
+for in their Flight they fall down dead, being poifoned 
+with the Stench of it. 
+
+P . But what Monflers are thofe which I fee placed 
+
+at the very Entrance of Hell ? 
+
+M. Virgil will tell you b what they are. They are 
+
+thofe 
+
+
+
+JEn* 6» 
+
+
+Quam fuper hand ulhe pot er ant tmpune volatiles 
+cndere iter pennis : talis fefe halitus atris 
+Fauci bus ejfundens fuper a ad convex a fereb at .* 
+
+Jnde locum Graii dixerunt nomine Avernuni . 
+
+Beep was the Cave, and downward as it went. 
+
+From the wide Mouth, a rocky rough Defcent; 
+
+And here th’ Accefs a gloomy Grove defends ; 
+
+And there the unnavigable Laky extends; 
+
+O’er whofe unhappy Waters, void of Light, 
+
+Ho Bird prefumes to fleer his airy Flight: 
+
+Such deadly Stenches from the Depth arife. 
+
+And {teaming Sulphur which infe£ts the Skies. 
+
+Hence do the Grecian Bards their Legends make. 
+
+And give the Name Avernus to the Lake. _ 
+
+9 - Avernus dicitur quafi id eft, fine avibus. Qnod 
+
+rmllze volucres lacum ilium, ob lethiferum halitum, prastcr- 
+
+volare falvsc poffent. . 
+
+b Fejhbulum ante ipfum , primifq; infaucibus Urn, 
+
+Lufttts & uhrices pofuere cubilia Cttraz; 
+
+F alien tefq ; habitant Morbi , triftifque Sene&us , 
+
+Et Met us, & malefuada Fames , iff turpis Egejias 9 
+
+(Perribiles <vifu forma?) Lethumque, Laborque. 
+
+puni confanguineus Let hi Sopor, & nial-z mentis 
+
+Gaudio , vwrtiferumq', adverfo in limine Bellum , 
+
+Ferrety, Eumenidum tbalami, Difcordia demens 
+
+Pipereum crinem vittis innexa cruentis . dbn, I, 0- 
+
+Juft in the Gate, and in the Jaws of Hell, 
+
+Revengeful Cares and fullen Sorrows dwell; 
+
+And pale Diieafes, and repining Age, 
+
+Want, Fear, and Famine’s unrefifted Rage : 
+
+Here Toils and Death, and Death’s Half-brother, Sleep, 
+(Forms terrible to view) their Gentry keep. 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+
+
+thofe fatal Evils which bring Definition and Death 
+upon Mankind, by the Means of which the Number 
+of the Inhabitants of thefe dark Regions is greatly aug¬ 
+mented 5 and thofe Evils are Care, Sorrow, Difeafes, 
+Old-age, Frights, Famine, Want, Labour, Sleep, 
+Death, Sting of Confcience, Force, Fraud, Strife, and 
+
+War. 
+
+
+With anxious Pleafures of a guilty Mind, 
+Deep Frauds before, and open Force behind. 
+The Furies Iron-Beds, and Strife that fhakes 
+Her hiding Treflcs, and unfolds her Snakes. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. II. 
+
+Charon. The Rivers of HelL Cerberus. 
+
+P. \%7 HO is that nafty, old, decrepid,long bearded 
+W Fellow ? Or what is his Name ? 
+
+M.'H c is the Ferryman of Hell i his a Name is Cha - 
+mi) which Word denotes the Ungracefulnefs of his 
+Afpe£t. In the Greek Language he is called 
+j* Porthmeus j that is. Parti tor , Ferry-man. You fee his 
+Image painted by the Pencil, but you may read a more 
+beautiful and elegant Pidfure Gf him drawn by the Pen 
+of b Virgil. 
+
+P . Why does he tarry with his Boat here ? 
+
+M. To take and carry over to the other Side of the 
+Lake the Souls of the Dead\ which you fee flocking on 
+
+the 
+
+
+a Charon, quail Acharon, id elf, fine gratia, ab a non, Sc 
+W* gratia. 
+
+b Port it Gr has horrendus aquas fiumina ferruat 
+
+Terribili fqualore Charon : cui plurima mento 
+Canities incult a jacet: Jiant lumina flamma » 
+
+Sordid us ex burner is nedo dependet ami flits* 
+
+R 4 Ipfe 
+
+
+24S Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+the Shores in Troops : Yet he takes not all promifcu^ 
+oufly who come, but fuch only whofe Bodies are buried 
+when they die ; for the a TJnburied wander about the 
+Shores an hundred Years, and then are carried over ; 
+But fir ft they pay Charon his Fare, b which is at leaf! a 
+Halfpenny. 
+
+jP. Thofe three or four Pavers (if my Eyes do not 
+deceive me) muft be palled over by the Dead> muft 
+they not ? 
+
+Ad. Yes ; the firjl of them is Acheron , c which re¬ 
+ceives them when they come firft. This Acheron was 
+the Son of 'Terra or Ceres , born in a Cave, and con¬ 
+ceived without a Father * and, becaufe he could not 
+endure Light, d he ran down into Hell, and was changed 
+into a River, whofe Waters are extreme bitter. 
+
+The fcccnd is Styx 9 which is a Lake rather than a 
+River* c and was formerly the Daughter of Oceanus , 
+and the Mother of the Goddefs Tiftoria by Acheron . 
+When Victoria was on Jupiter’s Side in his War againft 
+the Giants, (he obtained this Prerogative for her Mother, 
+
+
+Ipje rat cm conto fubigit, *velifq\ miniflraty 
+Et ferrugUied fuLwcftat corpora cy?nba. 
+
+Jam fenior ; fed cruda Deo ajiridi/q*, fenedhts. JEn. 6, 
+There Charon hands who rules the dreary Coafts ; 
+
+A fordid God ; down from his hoary Chin 
+A Length of Beard defends, uncomb’d, unclean: 
+
+His Eyes *ike hollow Furnaces on Fire ; 
+
+A Girdle foul with Greafe binds his obfeene Attire, 
+
+He fpreads his Canvas, with his Pole he (leers. 
+
+The Freights of flitting Ghods in his thin Bottom bears, 
+He look’d in Years, yet in his Years were feen. 
+
+A youthful Vigour and autumnal Green. 
+
+* Centum err at anttos 9 c volitant bate lit tor a circum : 
+
+Turn demum admijjiJlag 7 ia exoptata re*vifunt . 
+
+A hundred Years they wander on the Shore, 
+
+At length, their Penance done, are wafted o’er. 
+b Lucian. deLudt. c Plato in Phaedone. d Paufan. 
+in Atticis. c Heliod. in Theogon. 
+
+2 that 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the He at he ns. 249 
+
+that no Oath that was fworn among the Gods by her 
+Name fhould ever be violated : For if any of the Gods 
+broke an Oath fworn by Styx, they were banifhed from 
+the Ne£tar and the Table of the Gods a a Year and 
+nine Days. This is the Stygian Lake, by which b 
+when the Gods fwore, they obferved their Oath with 
+the utmoft Scrupuloufnefs. 
+
+The third River, Cocytus , flows out of Styx with a 
+lamentable groaning Noife, and imitates the Howling, 
+and increafes the Exclamations of the Damned. 
+
+Next comes c P hiegethon or Puriphlegcthon , fo called 
+becaufe it fwells with Waves of Fire y and all its Streams 
+are Flames. 
+
+When the Souls of the Dead have pafled over thefe 
+four Rivers, they are afterwards carried to the Palace 
+of Pluto , where the Gate is guarded by a Dog with 
+three Heads , whofe Body is covered in a terrible Man¬ 
+ner with Snakes inftead of Hair. This Dog is the Por¬ 
+ter of Hell , (] begotten of Echidna , by the Giant Typhotz * 
+and is deferibed by c Virgil and by f Horace . But from 
+him let us pafs to the Prince and Princefs of Hell s 
+Pluto and Proferpine . 
+
+
+a Serv. in JEneid. 6. 
+b DU cujus jurare tbnent & fullere nuinen. 
+
+The facred Stream which Heaven’s Imperial State 
+.Attefls in Oaths, and fears to violate. 
+c A \pTiiyea ardeo, quod undis intnmeat ignis flammeofq; 
+flu cl us evolvat. d Hefiod. in Theogon. 
+
+v Cerberus hiec ingens lat rat 21 regna trifauci 
+Pcrfonat ad<verfo recubans immanis in antro . ' 
+
+Stretch’d in his Kennel, monftrous Cerb'rus round 
+From triple Jaws made all thefe Realms refound. 
+
+1 Ffffit Unman is tibi blandienti 
+
+fan iter auhe 
+
+Cerberus : quamsvis furiale centum 
+Jhoiia?it angues caput cjus ; atqye 
+Spirit us teter , faniefqite manat 
+
+Ore trilingui . 
+
+
+L. 3. Odar. 11. 
+
+Hell’s 
+
+
+
+24S Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+the Shores in Troops : Yet he takes not all promifcu., 
+oufly who come, but fuch only whofe Bodies are buried 
+when they die; for the a Unburicd wander about the 
+Shores an hundred Years, and then are carried over; 
+But fir ft they pay Charon his Fare, b which is at leaft a 
+Halfpenny. 
+
+P. Thofe three or four Rivers (if my Eyes do not 
+deceive me) muft be palled over by the Dead , muft 
+they not ? 
+
+Ad. Yes; the firjl of them is Acheron , c which re¬ 
+ceives them when they come fir ft. This Acheron was 
+the Son of Terra or Ccres> born in a Cave, and con¬ 
+ceived without a Father ; and, becaufe he could not 
+endure Light, d he ran down into Hell, and was changed 
+into a River, whofe Waters are extreme bitter. 
+
+The feccnd is Styx^ which is a Lake rather than a 
+River, c and was formerly the Daughter of Occanus , 
+and the Mother of the Goddefs Pifioria by Acheron. 
+When Vidforia was on Jupiter’s Side in his War againft 
+the Giants, £he obtained this Prerogative for her Mother, 
+
+
+Ipfe rat cm conto fubigit, *veUfq\ mhiiflrat > 
+
+Et ferrughzed Jui'vc&at corpora cymbd , 
+
+Jam fenior ; fed cruda Deo *viridifq\ feneflus. TEn. 6 , 
+There Charon Hands who rules the dreary Coafts ; 
+
+A fordid God ; down from his hoary Chin 
+A Length of Beard defends, uncomb’d, unclean : 
+
+His Eyes Hke hollow Furnaces on Fire ; 
+
+A Girdle foul with Greafe binds his obfeene Attire, 
+
+He fpreads his Canvas, with his Pole he fleers. 
+
+The Freights of flitting Ghods in his thin Bottom bears, 
+He look’d in Years, yet in his Years were feen 
+A youthful Vigour and atftumnal Green. 
+n Centum err at annos , ntolitatit hate littora circam: 
+
+Tum demum admijfi'Jl Cigna ex opt at a r&utfunt* 
+
+A hundred Years they wander on the Shore, 
+
+At length, their Penance done, are wafted o'er. 
+b Lucian.. deLuft. c Plato in Phsedone. d Paufan* 
+
+in Atticis. c Hefiod. in Theogon. 
+
+2 that 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 249 
+
+that no Oath that was fworn among the Gods by her 
+Name (hould ever be violated : For if any of the Gods 
+broke an Oath fworn by Styx , they were banifhed from 
+the Ne£tar and the Table of the Gods a a Year and 
+nine Days. This is the Stygian Lake, by which 
+when the Gods fwore, they obferved their Oath with 
+the utmoft Scrupuloufnefs. 
+
+The third River, Cocytus , flows out of Styx with a 
+lamentable groaning Noife, and imitates the Howling, 
+and increafes the Exclamations of the Damned . 
+
+Next comes c Phlegethon or Puripblcgcihon , fo called 
+becaufe it fwells with JVavesof Fire y and all its Streams 
+are Flames. 
+
+When the Souls of the Dead have pafled over thefe 
+four Rivers, they are afterwards carried to the Palace 
+of Pluto , where the Gate is guarded by a Dog with 
+three Heads , whofe Body is covered in a terrible Man¬ 
+ner with Snakes inftead of Hair. This Dog is the Por¬ 
+ter of FlelU fl begotten of Echidna? by the Giant Typhon * 
+and is deferibed by ° Virgil and by f Horace „ But from 
+him let us pafs to the Prince and Princefs of Hell s 
+Pluto and Proferpine . 
+
+
+a Serv. in AEneid. 6. 
+b Dii cujus jurare timent & fnllere numen. 
+
+The facred Stream which Heaven’s Imperial State 
+Attefts in Oaths, and fears to violate. 
+c A (p'Kiyta ardeo, quod undis intumeat ignis flammcolq; 
+fluclus evolvat. d Hefiod. in Theogon. 
+e Cerberus b*ec ingens latratu regna trifauci 
+Pafonat ad*uerfo recubans ijnmanis in antro • ' 
+
+Stretch’d in his Kennel, monftrous CcrPrus round 
+From triple Jaws made all thefe Realms refoundo 
+f Ceffst imtnanis tibi blandienti 
+
+Janitor ciuLe 
+
+Cerberus : quamvis furiale centum 
+Muniant angttes caput cjus ; atque 
+Spirit us teter 9 faniefque manat 
+
+Ore trilingui . 
+
+
+L. 3» Odar. ii» 
+
+Heirs 
+
+
+
+2 jo Of (he Gods of the Heathens » 
+
+Hell's grifly Porter let you pafs. 
+
+And frown’d and liken’d to your Lays, 
+
+The Snakes around his Head grew tame ; 
+
+His Jaws no longer glow’d with Flame ; 
+
+Nor triple Tongue was kain’d with Blood ; 
+l\o more his Breath with Venom Bow’d. 
+
+
+C H A P. IIL 
+Pluto. 
+
+Af. f PI IS is Pluto , the King of Hell , a begotten of 
+
+JL Saturn and Ops 0 and the Brother of Jupiter 
+and Neptune . Pie has thefe infernal Dominions allotted 
+to him, not only becaufe, in that Divifion of his Fa¬ 
+ther's Kingdom mentioned before, the weftern Parts 
+fell £0 his Lot; but alfo, as fome fay, b becaufe the In¬ 
+vention of burying, and of honouring the Dead with 
+Funeral Obfeqtd.es , proceeded from him : For the fame 
+Reafon he is thought to excrcife a Sovereignty over the 
+Dead. Look upon him, he fits on a Throne covered 
+with Darknefs, and difeover, if yon can, his Habit, and 
+the Enfign of his Majcfty more narrowly. 
+
+P . I fee him, though in the midft of fo much Dark¬ 
+nefs, and can diftinguifh him eafily ; c he holds a Key- 
+in his Hand, inftead of a Sceptre, and is (I crowned with 
+
+Sometimes I have alfo feen him crowned with a 
+Diadem ; and c fometimes with the Flowers of Nar- 
+cijjus (or white Daffodils) and fometimes with Cyprefs 
+Leaves; becaufe thofe Plants greatly pleafe him, and 
+efpecially the Narcijfus^ becaufe he ft ole away Profcr- 
+
+a Diodor. Sicul. 4. Bib!. b Idem apad Lilium Gy raid. 
+Euripid. in Phccn. c Paufan* in pr. liiae. d Marian* 
+c Lift Gy raid. 
+
+
+Ebony 
+
+M. 
+
+
+pine 
+
+
+
+
+
+O/* the Gods of the Heat hems. 255 
+
+p' me w hen (he gathered that Flower, as I (hall flicw pre¬ 
+pay, Very often a a Rod is put into his Hand in the 
+place of a Sceptre, with which he guides the Dead tts 
+Hell: b And fometimes he wears a Hend-piece, which - 
+makes him c invifible. His Chariot and Ho ribs are of 
+a black Colour, and, rt when he carried away Profier- 
+pine, ho rode in it. But if you would know what ihofe 
+Kty'shgn ify, which he has in his Hands, the Anfwer is 
+plain, That, when once the Dead are received into his 
+Kingdom, theGates are locked againft them, and e the;e 
+is no Regrefs thence into this Idle again. 
+
+P. Why is he called Pluto ? 
+
+M. I’ll tell you that, and alfo the Meaning of the refl: 
+of his Names. 
+
+His Greek Name f Pluto or Plant on, as well as his 
+la tin Name DA, fignifies Wealth. The Reafon why 
+he is fo called, is, becaufe all our Wealth comes from 
+the lowed and moil inward Bowels of the Earth 5 and 
+i becaufe, as Tzdly writes, s all the natural Powers and 
+Faculties of the Earth are under his Direction ; for alj 
+Things go to the Earth, and proceed from thence. 
+
+The Name "Afe? [ Hades ] by which he is called 
+among the Greeks , b fignifies dark , glcomy , and melon- 
+cbolyy or elfe, 1 as others guefs, invifible \ becaufe 
+
+
+
+a Varr. apud eund. b Pind. in Od. c Homer. 5. Iliad* 
+; d Hygen. Akron, Poet. e Ovid. 5. Metam. 
+
+j f - Facilis defier fins A virtu : 
+
+1 Sed revocare gradum, finperofiq, evadere ad auras, 
+
+; Hoc opus, hie labor efi -- Virg. -fEnekL 
+
+j To tli 1 Shades you go a downhill eafy Way ; 
+
+- But to return, and re-enjoy the Day, 
+
+j That is a Work, a Labour- 
+
+z divinas. h Terrena vis omnis ac natura ipfx 
+
+dedicata credebatur, Tul. 2. de Nat. Deor. 1 "A^ dedA., 
+id efl, trike, tenebrofum. Aut quafi clopdl^, quod videri 
+niinime pofiit, aut ab « privante, & clbSv, videre. Scrr. ap. 
+Hut. Phurnut. Gaza ap Lil. Gyr. 
+
+
+he 
+
+
+
+£52 Of the Gods of the Heathens . | 
+
+he fits in Darknefs and Obfcurity ; his Habitation i s | 
+melancholy and lonefome, and he feldom appears to 1 
+
+open View. | 
+
+He is likewife called a Agefihus, becaufe he leads | 
+People to the infernal Regions ; and fometimes b Age- \ 
+lajlus, becaufe that it was never known that Pkt 0 f 
+
+laughed. j 
+
+His Name Februus comes from the old Word p e . j 
+
+hruo, to purge by Sacrifice , becaufe Purgations and Lu- \ 
+
+firations were ufed at Funerals; whence the Month of j 
+
+c February receives alfo its Appellation ; at which Time, I 
+
+cfpecially the Sacrifices, called Februa , were offered by j 
+
+the Romans to this God. j 
+
+He is called Orcus and Ouragus, as fome fay, 15 be¬ 
+caufe he excites and haftens People to their Ruin and 
+Death : But others think that he is fo named, c be¬ 
+caufe, like one that brings up the Rear of an Army, 
+he attends at the laft Moments of Men’s Lives. 
+
+We find him fometimes called f Quietus, becaufe by 
+
+Death he brings Reft to all Men. 
+
+He is called fiummanus, that is, the Chief e of all the 
+infernal Deities ; the principal Governor of all the 
+Ghofts and departed Spirits. The Thunder, that hap¬ 
+pens in the Night, is attributed to him : Whence he is 
+commonly ftiled alfo the Infernal Jupiter, the Stygian 
+Jupiter, the Third Jupiter ; as Neptune is the Second 
+
+'Jupiter. 
+
+p , What is the Office and Power of Pluto ? 
+
+
+
+a Xlcefi ~l aytis res a ducendis populis ad inferos, 
+
+b Ab * privat. & rideo, quod fine rifu fit. c Ovid. 
+
+Fafior. ]. z. '’'Orcus quafi Urgus & Ouragus ab urgendo, 
+quod homines urgeat in interitum, Cicero in \ errem, 6. 
+c ’o -j^yh cum fignificat qui agmen cl audit; fimili modo 
+Pluto pod remum humanae vitas a£tum excipit, Outhr. l.i. 
+c. a., de fur. Man. z. f Quod morte quietem cundtis aiie- 
+
+rat,‘ Fcilus. s Quafi fummus Deorurn manium, Aug. de 
+Civit. Dei, 1 . 4. " ™ 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 2 53 
+
+M. If you. do not fully underftand that, from what 
+has been laid already, the Fates will tell you, that he 
+* prefides over Life and Death : 1 hat he not only go¬ 
+verns the departed Spirits below, but alfo can lengthen 
+orfhortcn the Lives of Men here on the Earth, as he 
+
+thinks fit. 
+
+
+a --- O mcixhne noflis 
+
+Arbiter , umbrarumq ; patens, citi noftra labora?it 
+Stamina) qui'Jincm cun cl is & femina praebes, 
+
+Na/ceudiq; •vices alternci marie rependis, 
+
+*>)tti <vitam lethimiq ; regis. — Claud, de Raptu Prolerp. 
+Great Prince o’ th’ gloomy Regions of the Dead, 
+From whom we hourly move our Wheel and Thread* 
+Of Nature’s Growth and End thou hall the Sway, 
+
+All Mortals Birth with Death thou doll repay. 
+
+Who doll command ’em both.- 
+
+* 
+
+
+CHAP. IV. 
+
+P L U T U S„ 
+
+
+r 
+
+
+HOUGH Plutus be not an infernal God, yet, 
+as his Name and Office were very like and agree¬ 
+able to Pluto , I will take this Occafion to fav fortiethino- 
+of him; for they are (both of them) Gods of Riches , 
+which are the Root of all Evil, and which Nature, our 
+common Parent, hath placed near Hell; and indeed, 
+there is not a nearer Way to Hell, than to hunt greedily 
+after Riches. 
+
+% 
+
+This Plutus was the Son of b 'Jafon, or Ja/hts , by 
+Ceres: Pie was blind and lame, injudicious, and mighty 
+timorous. And truly thefe Infirmities are juftlv aicri- 
+bed to him : For, if he was not blind and injudicious. 
+
+
+
+b Hefiod, in Theogcn 
+
+
+
+
+fi » <-‘S 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+he would never pafs over good Men, and heap hia 
+Treafures upon the bad. He is lame ; becaufe great 
+Eftates come flowly. He is fearful and timorous; be¬ 
+caufe rich Men watch their Treafures with a great 
+
+deal of Fear and Care. 
+
+
+
+* 
+
+1 
+
+1 
+
+
+
+CHAP. V. 
+
+SECT. I. Proserpine. 
+
+
+M. Q H E, who fits next to Pluto, is the j Diteen of 
+
+' Pie 'll, 3 the Infernal Juno, b the Lady (as the 
+
+Greeks commonly call her) and the mo ft beloved Wife 
+of Pluto, c the Daughter of Ceres and Jupiter. She is 
+called both Proferpine and Libera. Jupiter, her Father, 
+begat her, when he was difguifed in the Shape of a 
+Bull ; and after fhe was born and grown up, d he de¬ 
+bauched her himfelf, in the Shape of a Dragon:' 
+whence it came to pafs, that, in the Myjleries of the 
+,Sabazia , a Golden Snake, folded in a Circle, was pro¬ 
+duced ; which, when any were initiated, was ufually 
+put into their Bofoms, and received again, when it Hid 
+down from them below. 
+
+P. But by what Fate became Proferpine the Wife of 
+this Hack God ? 
+
+M. In this Manner: When all the Goddefles re- 
+fufed to marry Pluto, becaufe he was fo deformed, he 
+was vexed at this Contempt and Scorn, and troubled, 
+that he was forced to live a frngle Life always ; where¬ 
+fore in a Rage he feated himfelf in a Chariot, and arofe 
+on a fudden : From a Den in Sicily, f he faw a Compa¬ 
+ny of very beautiful Virgins gathering Flowers in the 
+
+
+a Virg. fEneid. 6 . b Alovroircz, id eft, Domina, Pauf in 
+/.read. c Ileiiod. in Theogon. d Arnob. 1. 5 . c Eufe- 
+bius Pra?p. Evang. f Cic. in Verrem. 
+
+
+Fields 
+
+
+
+Of fhe Gods of the Heathens «, 255 
+
+Fields of Enna (a beautiful Place, fituated about the 
+Middle of the Ifland, and therefore called the Navel 
+of Sicily*) One of them, Proferpine , pleafed him above 
+the reft, for ftie furpafted them all in Beauty. He came 
+rao-ino- with Love, and carried her with him from than 
+Place, and on a {udden he funk into the Earth near 
+Syracufe. In the Place where he defcended, a Lake 
+arofe: And a Cicero fays, the People of Syracufe keep 
+yearly Feftivals, to which great Multitudes of both 
+Sexes flock. 
+
+P. O ! poor Lady ! I am troubled at her Misfortune* 
+her Unhappinefs moves my Companion. But what fol¬ 
+lowed ? 
+
+M. The Nymphs, her Companions, were grlevotif- 
+}y affrighted, and fled away to any Place where they 
+could expeft Safety. In the mean Time Ceres , the 
+Mother of Proferpine , comes, who, by Chance, was 
+abfent when her Daughter was ftolen ; fhe feeks her 
+Daughter among her Acquaintance a long Time, but 
+in vain. Therefore, in the next Place, fhe kindles 
+Torches by the Flames, which burft forth from the 
+Top of the Mountain /Etna , and goes with them to 
+feek her Daughter throughout the whole World : 
+Neither did- fhe give over her vain Labour, till the 
+Nymph Areihifa fully affured her that Proferpine was 
+ftolen by Pluto , and carried down into his Kingdom. 
+And then in great Anger fhe haliened and expofluiated 
+with b Jupiter , concerning the V iolence that was offer¬ 
+ed to her Daughter. In fhort, Jupiter promifed to re- 
+ftore Proferpine again, if fhe had not yet tafted any 
+Thing in Hell. Ceres went joyfully down, and Prefer - 
+pine , full of Triumph and Gladnefs, prepared to return 
+into this World ; when-one Afcalaphus difeovered that 
+he law Proferpine^ while fhe walked in Pluto's, Orchard* 
+pluck a Pomegranate, and cat fome Grains of it; where¬ 
+upon Proferpine'' s Journey was immediately flopped. 
+
+a 6 in Venera. b Servlus in 1 Georgia, 
+
+Ceres , 
+
+
+2 5 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 1 
+
+Ceres t her Mother, amazed at this new Mifchanee, 1 
+and incenfed at the fatal Difcovery of AJcalapbus , turn- | 
+cd him into an Owl, a Bird of an ill Otnen, and un¬ 
+lucky to all that fee it; but at laft, by the Importu- f 
+nity of her Prayers to 'Jupiter, fhe extorted this Ft- \ 
+vour from him, that he fhould give Leave a that Pro- l 
+ferpine might live half the Year at leaft with her in \ 
+the Heavens, and the other half below in Hell with ] 
+her Hufband. Proferpine afterwards loved this dif- j 
+ao-reeable Hufband fo much, that fhe was jealous, and j 
+changed JHcnthct, who was his hdiftrefs, into Atint, an -j 
+
+Herb of her own Name. j 
+
+1 
+
+** Et Dea regnorum ISfumeu Commune duorum 7 
+Cum 7natr c cj } tot idem , tot idem cum conjuge menjes . 
+
+Ovid. Metam. 5. 
+
+The Goddefenow 211 either Empire fways ; 
+
+Six Months with Ceres , fix with Pluto Hays. 
+
+
+SECT. II. 
+
+
+of the 
+
+
+P . -tjt O U have told a very pretty Story; pray what 
+
+JL is the Signification of it ? _ _ . 
+
+Jlf. The Signification of it is this ; b Ceres is the 
+
+Earthy and her Daughter Proferpine the Fertility of the 
+Earth, or rather the c Seed by which it is fertile, 
+which Seedlies buried in the Ground in the Winter^but 
+in the Summer breaks forth and becomes r ruit. Ihus 
+Proferpine (the Emblem of the Seed) lies half the 
+Year in Hell, and the other half in Heaven. Others 
+
+
+leaimuut, ~ .-„ ^ . r ,, n/r^ 
+
+explain this Fable fo, as by it to figmfy the Mm, 
+which is hid from us, in the Hemifphere of the Coun¬ 
+tries beneath us, as long as it femes to us in cur own. 
+
+Some believe that Hecate is the fame with Pi ojei- 
+plne ; and if you are willing to follow their Opinion, 
+
+
+
+b Var. apud Auguflinum de Civit. Dex 7. 
+1. dePrsep. Evang. 
+
+
+c Eufeb, 
+
+
+you 
+
+
+
+• • 
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 2$7 
+
+you muft call to mind what I have faid before, when I 
+difcourfed of Diana . 
+
+Les us now turn our Eyes toward the "Tribunal of 
+Pluto, where you fee, in that difmal Picture, conti¬ 
+nual Trials* and all Perfons, as well the Accufers as 
+the Offenders* that have been formerly wicked in their 
+Lives, receive their Deaths impartially from the three 
+pdtes; after Death they receive their Condemnation 
+impartially from the three Judges ; and, after Con¬ 
+demnation, their Punifhment impartially from the 
+three tormenting Furies . 
+
+
+G HAP. VI. 
+
+The Fates. 
+
+P. '^Y/'HERE are thofe Fates? Shew me. Sir. 
+
+V V M. Thofe three old Ladies are the Fates -° 
+Their a Garments are made of Eimin, white as Snows 
+and bordered with Purple. They were born either of 
+Nox and Erebus , or of c NeceJJity , or of the d Sea, or of 
+that rude and indigejicd Mofs , which the Ancients cal¬ 
+led Chaos. They are called Farces in Latin ; becaufe, 
+as 0 Varro thinks, they diffributed good and bad Things 
+to Perfons at their Birth : Or as the common and re¬ 
+ceived Opinion is ; f becaufe they /pare no-body. They 
+are likewife called Fat um , Fate ; and are Three in 
+Number * s becaufe they order the paft, prefent, and 
+
+
+;l Catullus in Epitli. Thet. b Heliod. in. Theogon, 
+
+c Plato, 1 . 10. de Republ. d Licophron. c Parcre di- 
+cuntur a partu quod nafeentibus hominibus bona nialaque 
+con Ferre cenfeantur. f Aut a parcendo per Antiphrafin, 
+quf d nemini parcant. Servius in i. ^Encid. s Eufebius 
+in Pr.xp. Evang. 1 . 6. 
+
+
+S 
+
+
+future 
+
+
+25 8 
+
+
+Of the Gods of th 
+
+
+future Time. Fate, fays a Tully, is all that -which G 0 ,\ 
+hath decreed and refolved jhall come to pafs, and which the 
+Grascians ea//Eifiaef*Er/j '\_Kimarmene.~\ It is, fays 1 ’ Cbry- 
+fippus) a perpetual, certain, and unavoidable Series and 
+Chain of Things, wrapping and hi folding up itfelf in an 
+Order ofConfequences , which compofe the feveral Links, and 
+folloiv one another to all Eternity. c Fa turn is derived 
+from the Word Fari, to pronounce, or declare-, becaufe 
+when any one is born, thefe three Sifters pronounce 
+what Fate will befall him ; as we fee in the Story of 
+
+Meleager. 
+
+P. What are their Names and Offices? 
+
+M. The Name of one is A Clotho ; the fecond is cal¬ 
+led c ' Lachefts ; the third f Atrtypos ; becaufe (he is un¬ 
+alterable, unchangeable. Thefe Names the Grecians 
+give them " e Sfhe Poynans call them Fiona, Decinui, 
+
+and Morta. 
+
+Xo them is intruded the Management of the fatal 
+Thread of Life : For Clotho draws the Thread betwixt 
+her Finders ; Lachefs turns about the Wheel; and A - 
+tropos cuts the Thread fpun, with a Pair of Sciflars. 
+That is, Clotho gives us Life, and brings us into the 
+World ; Lachefs determines the Fortunes that fhall 
+befall us here; and Atropos concludes our Lives: Ons 
+Peaks, the other writes , and the third /pins. 
+
+
+a Eft autem Fatum id omne quod a Deo conftitutum & 
+defia-natum eft ut eveniat, quod Grseci tlpx&Ln appellant. 
+Tullius de Fato & i Divinat. b Eimarmene femmtema 
+quredam eft & indeclinabilis rerum fenes & catena, fefe wl- 
+vens & implicans per reternos confequenti® ordxnes e quibm 
+connexa eft. Boet. in Top. c Var. ap. Lil. Gyr. A 
+verbo -Mboi, id eft, neo. c te VX &vu, Tortior. Ab * 
+
+nrivativa particula, & rfiro:, verto, quod verti & fietti nc- 
+queat. s Cefen. Vind. ap. Lil. Gyr. _ h Una loqui- 
+tur, altera feribit, tertia fila ducit. Serv. in JEnei . 
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+•Ur* ..m i . -C. t t- , C*£l.<Z?jl*r.2h££& 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens * 
+
+
+CHAR VIL 
+
+The Furies. 
+
+A N D what are thofe Monjlers called, that have 
+f\, the Faces of JVomen? Their Looks are full of 
+Terror ; they hold lighted Torches in their Hands $ 
+Snakes and Serpents lath their Necks and Shoulders. 
+
+Jld. They are the Furies , called in Latin fometimes 
+Furitf ; a becaufe they make Men mad, by the Stings 
+of Confcience which Guilt produces. They are alfo 
+called b Dirce^, c Eumenides , and a Canes ; and were the 
+Offspring of c Nox and f Acheron ; but their proper 
+Names are Aleflo^ Tifphone , and Megecra ; g and they 
+are efteemed Virgins; becaufe, fince they are the A- 
+vengers of all Wickednefs, nothing can corrupt and 
+pervert them from inflicting the Punifhment that is 
+due to the Offender. 
+
+P. Why are there only three Furies ? 
+
+M. Becaufe there are three h principal Paffions of the 
+Mind, Anger , Covetoufncfsj and Lufi^ by which Man¬ 
+kind is chiefly hurried into all Sorts of Wickednefs : 
+For Anger begets Revenge, Covetoufncfs provokes us to 
+get immoderate Wealth by Right or Wrong, and Lufi 
+perfuades us to purfue our Pleafures at any Rate. In¬ 
+deed feme add a 1 fourth Fury , called Lijfo , that is. Rage 
+and Mcidnefs ; but fhe is eafily reduced to the other 
+three : As alfo Erinnys , a Name common to tfyem all. 
+
+P. What is the Office of the Furies ? 
+
+M.- They are appointed to obferve and punifli the 
+Crimes of ill Men, and to torment the Confciences of 
+
+
+a Quod federates in furorem agant. b Virg. .ZEneid, 
+3* c Ibid. 3 . d Ibid. 4. e Ibid. 6. f Ibid. 11. s Sui- 
+das & Orph. in Hymn. h Ifidor. ap. Gyr. * Eurip. in 
+Hercule furente, 
+
+S 2 fecret 
+
+
+
+2 6o O/ the Gods of the Heathens'* 
+
+fecret Offenders ; whence they are commonly alfo enti¬ 
+tled, 3 the Goddeffes , the Difcov.erers and Revengers of evil 
+A ft ions. They punifh and torment the Wicked, by 
+frightening and following them with burning Torches\ 
+You fee the Pi flu re of them there, and you will fLd 
+them beautifully b deferibed in the Twelfth Book of 
+Virgil's j£neids. 
+
+p m What did the Poets intend by thefe Furies? 
+
+M. Only, fays Cicero , that they, who have done any 
+
+wicked and unlawful Thing, are tormented and affrigh¬ 
+ted, not with the Blows and the burning Torches of the 
+Furies, as it is in the Fable, but with the Stings of their 
+own evil Conferences : For , c fays he, every one's own 
+Fraud , and his own Terror, bring him the greatejl Vexa¬ 
+tion: Every one's own Wickednefs torments and enrages 
+him ; his otvn evil Thoughts and the Lafltes of his Confci - 
+cnce affright him : Thefe are conjlant and Domeftick Furies 
+to the Wicked , that Night and Day exact the Punijhment 
+of them that their Crimes deferve. 
+
+■ i^i i p iw ■■■■■ > ■ i f. ‘ 1 1 1 m-m • - 
+
+* Desc fpecul at rices 8 c vindices Facinomm. 
+b Dictmtnr geminsc'pcjles , cog nomine Dim?, 
+fy as IT' Tartar earn Fox intemfefta Megceram 
+Uno codemqi lulit partn , paribufq\ revinxit 
+Serpent am fpiris, *vcntofafque a.ddidit alas . 
+
+Deep in the difmal Regions void of Light, 
+
+Two Daughters at a Birth were born to Night : 
+
+Thefe their brown Mother, brooding on the Care, 
+Endu’d with windy Wings to fleet in Air, ^ [Hair, 
+With Serpents girt alike, and crown’d with hilling 
+In Heav’n the Dir re call’d. 
+c Sua enim quemque fraus Sc fuus terror maxime vexat; 
+fuum quemq; fcelus exagitat, amentiaque afficit: furemalx 
+cogitationes confcientireque animi terrent. Kce funt impiis 
+afiiduse domefticse Furire, quse dies noftefq; pcenas a fcclcri- 
+bus repetunt. Or. pro Rofcio Am. 
+
+
+J6 
+
+T| 
+
+
+ft 
+
+
+CHAP, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 261 
+
+
+CHAP. V1IL 
+
+Night, Death, Sleep. 
+
+% 
+
+p. \ 7 OU mentioned juft now Nox an & Erebus: Are 
+
+they {I pray you) cf the Number of the Gods? 
+M* Yes ; Nox is, of all the Gods, the moft ancient; 
+She was the Sifter of Erebus , and the Daughter of the 
+firft Chaos ; and of thefe two, Nox and Erebus , Death 
+'Mors] was born. She is dreffed ufually with a fpeck- 
+ed Garment ?*id black Wings; But there are no 
+Temples nor Sacrifices, nor Priefts confecrated to 
+Mors j becaufe fhe is a Goddefs whom no a Prayers 
+can move, or Sacrifices pacify. 
+
+, -Soninas [Sleep] h is the Brother of Deaths and c he al- 
+fo hath Wings, like her. Iris y who was fent by Juno 
+to the Palace of this God, mentions the great Benefits 
+that he beftows on Mankind ; fuch as fl ghitet of Minf 
+Tranquillity* Freedo??i from Care , and Refrejhment of the 
+Spirits , whereby Men are enabled to proceed in their 
+Labours. In this Palace there are c two Gates, out 
+
+of 
+
+, t-muMn 1 nnw , n |, mm . >■ i rro m m n» ■ 1 , m ■■ " » ■» « 1 1 .—■ 
+
+11 Horat. 2. Sermonum. b Orpheus in Hymn. c Homer. 
+Iliad. | Virg. JEne id. 5. 
+a Somne quics rerum, placidijjime Somne Deornm > 
+
+Pax animi, quern cur a fugtt, qui corpora duris 
+FeJ/a minijlenzs mule os reparafq\ labor i . Ovid. Met. 1 1. 
+
+Thou Reil o’th 1 World, Sleep* the moft peaceful God a 
+Who driv’ft Care from the Mind, and dolt unload 
+The tired Limbs of all their Wearinefs, 
+
+And for new Toil the Body doft refrefh. 
+c Sunt ge mince Somni port re, quorum altera fort nr 
+Cornea, qua <veris facllis datur exit us timin's : 
+
+Alt era cundenti perfcfla miens elephant0 : 
+
+-olfctifa ad ccelum mittunt inf omnia Manes . ./En, 6 . 
+
+S 3 Two 
+
+
+
+26 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+of which Dreams pafs and repafs : One of thefe Gate' 
+was made of clear Ivory, through which falfe Dreams 
+pafs ; and the other of them was made of tranfparent 
+Horn, and through that Gate true Vifions come to 
+Men. a . Morpheus^ the Servant of Sotnnus , who can put 
+on any Shape or Figure, prefents thefe Dreams to thofe 
+who fleep; and thefe Dreams were brought from a 
+great fpreading Elm in Hell* under whofe Shadow 
+they ufually lit. 
+
+
+Two Gates the filent Houfe of Sleep adorn; 
+
+Of poliftTd Iv'ry this, that of tranfparent Horn. 
+True Vifions thro’ tranfpaient Horn arife. 
+
+Thro 7 polilh’d Iv’ry pafs deluding Lyes. 
+
+3 Ovid. n.Metam. Virg. 6. ./EnekL 
+
+■■ ■■■■ . ■ ■ ■ - -- . ■■ ■ — —— ■ ■ - _ 
+
+
+CHAP. IX. 
+
+
+
+'She Judges of Hell , Minos, JEacus, Rhada- 
+
+MANTHUS. 
+
+EAR the three Furies and the three Fates 1 you 
+fee the three 'Judges of Hell , Minos , Rha daman- 
+thus , and /Earns.) who are believed to be Judges of the 
+Soids of the Dead ; becaufe they exercifed the Offices 
+of Judges in Crete , with the greateft Prudence, Dif- 
+pretion, and Juftice. The two firft were the Sons of 
+Jupiter by Europe \ the laft was the Son of Jupiter by 
+JEgina ; and when all the Subjects of Queen Mgtna 
+were fwept away in a Plague, befides himfelf, he 
+begged of his Father, that he would repair the Race 
+of Mankind, which was almoft extinft; and Jupiter 
+heard his Prayer, and turned b a great Multitude of 
+Ants , which crept about a hollow old Oak, into Men, 
+
+
+3 Homer. 2. OdyfT* 
+
+
+b Ovid.. 7. Metam. Plato in Georg. 
+
+who 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+
+who afterwards were called Myrmidones from ftvepvg 
+\Murmex ] which Word fignifics an Ant. 
+
+Thefe three had their particular Province affigned by 
+phito in this Manner: Rhadamanthns was appointed to 
+judge the Aftaticks , and JEacus the Europeans , each hold¬ 
+ing a Staff in his Hand, but Minos holds a golden Scep¬ 
+tre and fits alone, and overfees the Judgments of Rha- 
+iamanthus and AEacus\ and if in their Courts there arofe 
+a Cafe that was ambiguous and difficult, then Minos 
+ufed to take the Cognizance thereof, and decide it. 
+* Tully adds to thefe a fourth Judge, Triptolemus \ but 
+we have already difcourfed of him in his proper Place, 
+
+
+a Tufc. Quaffi. lib. i, 
+
+chap: x. 
+
+SECT. I. The mojt famous of the Condemned 
+
+in licit. 
+
+F ROM the fudges let us proceed to the Criminals , 
+whom you fee reprefented therein horrid Colours ; 
+It will be enough if we take Notice of the moft cele¬ 
+brated of them, and fhew their Crimes, and the Punifh- 
+ments which were therefore inflicted on them. 
+
+
+SECT. II. The Giants „ 
+
+% 
+
+^T^HESE Giants* were the Sons of Terra (the Earth) 
+JL when he was impregnated by the Blood of Cae¬ 
+lum, which flowed from that difhonourable Wound 
+which his Son Saturn gave him. They are all very 
+high in Stature, with horrible Dragons Feet; their 
+Looks and their Bodies are altogether full of Terror. 
+
+
+* Heflod. in Theogon, 
+
+S 4 
+
+
+Thejr 
+
+
+26 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+of which Dreams pafs and repafs : One of thefe Gate; 
+was made of clear Ivory* through which falfe Dreams 
+pafs; and the other of them was made of tranfparem 
+Horn, and through that Gate true Vifions come to 
+Men. a . Morpheus , the Servant of S 6 mnus> who can put 
+on any Shape or Figure, prefents thefe Dreams to thofe 
+who fleep; and thefe Dreams were brought from a 
+great Spreading Elm in Hell, under whofe Shadow 
+
+they ufually fit. 
+
+
+Two Gates the filent Houfeof Sleep adorn; 
+
+Of polifh’d Iv’ry this, that of tranfparent Horn. 
+True Vifions thro’ tranfpaient Horn arife. 
+
+Thro’ polifh’d Iv'ry pafs deluding Lyes* 
+a Ovid. n.Metam. Virg. 6. -Eneid. 
+
+
+>3 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+CHAP. IX. 
+
+
+<£he Judges of Hell , Minos, Abacus, Rhada- 
+
+MANTHUS. 
+
+
+N EAR the three Furies and the three Fates 1 you 
+
+fee the three Judges of Hell, Minos, Rhadaman- 
+thus , and /Focus, who are believed to be Judges of the 
+Souls of the Dead-, becaufe they exercifed the Offices 
+of Judges in Crete, with the greateft Prudence, Dif- 
+pretion, and Juftice. The two firft were the Sons of 
+Jupiter by Europe-, the Iaft was the Son of Jupiter by 
+JEgina ; and when all the Subjects of Queen Mgina 
+were fwept away in a Plague, beftdes himfelf, he 
+beo-ged of his Father, that he would repair the Race 
+of & Mankind, which was almoft extin£ 1 5 and Jupiter 
+heard his Prayer, and turned b a great Multitude of 
+ftntSj which crept about a hollow old Oak, into Men, 
+
+
+
+* Homer. 2. OdylTl 
+
+
+b Ovid. 7. Metam. Plato in Georg. 
+
+who 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+263 
+
+
+who afterwards were called Myrmidones from 
+[jldurmex^ which Word fignifies an Ant* 
+
+\Tbefe three had their particular Province affigned by 
+Pluto in this Manner: Rhadamanthus was appointed to 
+judge the Afiaticks^ and Macus the Europeans , each hold¬ 
+ing a Staff in his Hand, but Minos holds a golden Scep¬ 
+tre and fits alone, and overfees the Judgments of Rba~ 
+damanthus nn&Aiacusy and if in their Courts there arofie 
+a Cafe that was ambiguous and difficult, then Minos 
+ufed to take the Cognizance thereof, and decide it* 
+t^ully adds to thefe a fourth Judge, 'Triptolemus ; but 
+we have already difeourfed of him in his proper Place* 
+
+
+a Tufc. Quafft. lib. 1. 
+
+
+CHAP* X* 
+
+SECT, I. The moft famous of the Condemned 
+
+in Hell. 
+
+\ 
+
+F ROM the "Judges let us proceed to the Criminals f 
+whom you fee reprefented therein horrid Colours : 
+It will be enough if we take Notice of the moft cele¬ 
+brated of them, and (hew their Crimes, and the Punifh- 
+meats which were therefore inflicted on them* 
+
+
+SECT. II. The Giants . 
+
+* 
+
+^T^HESE Giants* were the Sons of Terra (the Earth) 
+JL when he was impregnated by the Blood of Co?- 
+him , which flowed from that difhonourable Wound 
+which his Son Saturn gave him. They are all very 
+high in Stature, with horrible Dragons Feet; their 
+Looks and their Bodies are altogether full of Terror. 
+
+
+1 ‘ -- - — » v^— •- :• j rr. '-V ' 
+
+
+a Hefxod. in Theogon P 
+
+s 4 
+
+
+Their 
+
+
+264 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+Their Impudence a was fo great, that they ftrove to 
+depofe Jupiter from the Pofleffion of Heaven : And 
+when they engaged with the celejlud Gods , they b heap¬ 
+ed up Mountains upon Mountains, and from thence 
+darted Trees fet on Fire againft the Gods of Heaven . 
+c They hurled alfo prodigious maffy Stones and folid 
+Rocks, fome of which falling upon the Earth again, 
+became Mountains; others fell into the Sea, and be¬ 
+came I(lands. This d Battle was fought upon the PA/*. 
+grean Plains, near the Borders of Campania** which 
+Country is called Phlegra , from ep/Jyco [Phlego~\ uro , for 
+it abounds in fubterraneous Fires, and hot Baths flow¬ 
+ing continually- T he Giants were beaten, and all cut 
+-off, either by Jupiter’s Thunder, Jp olio’s Arrows, or 
+by the Arms of the reft of the Qods. And fomefay, 
+that out of the Blood of the Slain, which was fpilled 
+upon the Earth, Serpents and fuch invenomed and 
+pernicious Animals were produced. The moil emi¬ 
+nent of thofe Giants were 
+
+Typhosus, or Typhon , the Son of Juno , f conceived by 
+
+her without a Father. So vaft was his Magnitude, 
+that he touched theEaft with one Hand, and the Weft 
+with the other, and the Heavens with the Crown of his 
+Head. A hundred Dragon’s Heads grew from his Shoul¬ 
+ders , his Body was covered withFeatheis, Scales, rug¬ 
+ged Hair, and Adders \ from the Ends of his Fingeis 
+Snakes iffued,and his two Feet had the Shape and Folds 
+of a Serpent’s Body. His Eyes fparkled with Fire, and his 
+Mouth belched out Flames : yet he was at laft overcome 
+and thrown down} and, left he fhould rife again, the 
+
+whole I(land of Sicily was laid upon him. Th\s Hand 
+■ ' was 
+
+
+c Duns Sa¬ 
+in Apollin. 
+
+
+a Homer. Odyff. 12. I 3 Ovid. Me tarn. 1. 
+mius. d Nat. Comes, 1 . 6 . c Homer. Hymn. 
+f Niiitur tile quidetn, pugnatque refurgere J<repe ; 
+
+D extra fed Aufonio manus cji fubjefta Pehro ; 
+
+Laeua y Pachyne, tibi ; Lily base crura frenuinfur > 
+
+Pr&gravat AEtna capilt, Ovid. Metara. 5 
+
+
+He 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens « 
+
+
+
+w as alfo called Trinacria , becaufe it bears the Shape of 
+a Triangle, in tlie Corners of which are the three Pro¬ 
+montories, Pel or us, Pachynus , and Lilybceus ; Pylorus 
+was placed on his Right Hand, Pachynus on his Left, 
+and Lilybatis lay upon his Legs. 
+
+/Egeon was another prodigious and cruel Giant: a 
+yirgxl tells us he had fifty Heads, and an hundred Hands, 
+from whence he was called Centwngeminus , and b by the 
+(Grecians , Briareus. He hurled an hundred Rocks a- 
+«7ainft Jupiter at one Throw, yet Jupiter dafhed him 
+down, and bound him in an hundred Chains, and c 
+thruft him under the Mountain Mina , where, as often 
+as he moves his Side, the Mountain calls forth great 
+Flames of Fire. 
+
+Aloeus , fcecaufe of his Age, could not, in this War* 
+take up Arms againft the Gods; but he fent Othus and 
+pPphialtes (which, tho’ his Wife had them by Neptune), 
+vet were they called Aloidcz^rovsx their reputed Father;) 
+they went in their Father Aloeus’s Stead, and aflifted the 
+Giants ; but the fame Fate attended them, and they alfo 
+fuffered the Punifhment of their Rafhnefs in Hell. 
+
+
+He llrugglcs oft, and oft attempts to rife 3 
+Put on his Right-Hand vaft Pelorus lie*: 
+
+On’s felt Pachpms ; Lilybseus fpreads 
+O’er his huge Thighs,' and AEtna keeps his Head^* 
+a Mgeon qualify centum cui brachia dicunty 
+Ccntenafq\ ma?iuSy quinquaginta oribus igne??i 
+Pecloribu/qy arjij)'e : Jovis cum fulmina contra 
+Pot paribus Jlreperet clypeis , tot Jlringeret enfes. 
+
+And as AEgcoiiy when with Heaven he drove. 
+
+Stood oppofite in Arms to mighty Jove, 
+
+Mov’d all his hundred Hands, provok’d to War, 
+
+Pefy’d theforky Lightning from afar: 
+
+At fifty Mouths his flaming Breath expires. 
+
+And Flafh for Flafh returns, and Fires for Fires; 
+
+In his Right-hand as many Swords he wields, 
+
+' And takes the Thunder on as many Shields. 
+
+h flomeri Ilias i. c Callimachus in Lavacr, Deli. 
+c Virgil, /Bncid. 6. 
+
+Tityus 
+
+
+
+2.66 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 
+
+T'ityus was the Son of a Jupiter and Elara y born in a 
+fubterraneous Cave, in which Jupiter hid his Mother, 
+fearing the Anger of Juno* She brought forth a Child' 
+of fo prodigious a Bulk, that the Earth was rent that he 
+might have a Paflage out of the Cave; and from thence 
+he was believed to be the Son of the Earth . Juno after¬ 
+wards perfuaded this Giant to accufe Latona of Adul¬ 
+tery, whereupon Jupiter ftruck him with Thunder 
+down into Hell; b and there he lies ftretched out, and 
+covers nine Acres of Ground with his Body : A Vul¬ 
+ture continually gnaws his Liver, which grows again 
+©very Month. 
+
+To thefe we might -add the Titans^ c the Sons of Ter¬ 
+ra and Ccelum ; the Chief of whom was Titanus> Sa¬ 
+turn's el deft Brother, who made War againft Jupiter , 
+becaufe Jupiter ufurped the Kingdom, which was due 
+to him by hereditary Right. In this War "Titanus and 
+his Party were beaten, and afterwards caft down into 
+Hell. 
+
+
+a Apoh i. 
+
+b Necnon & Tityum Term? omniparentis atumnnm 
+Cerncre erat; cut lota newm per j tiger a corpus 
+porrigitur, roftroq\ immanis •njultur act unco . 
+
+1 mm artale je cur twidens, fceetindaque pears 
+
+Vifcera y rimaturq\ epulis , habit at q\ fub alio 
+
+Peftore 9 nec fibres requies datur u/la renatis . Virg, ELn. 6 ; 
+
+There Tityus tortur'd lay, who took his Birth 
+
+From Heav’n, his Nurfing from the fruitful Earth; 
+
+Here his gigantic Limbs, with large Embrace, 
+
+Infold nine Acres of infernal Space: 
+
+A rav’nous Vulture in his open Side 
+Her crooked Beak, and cruel Talons try’d; 
+
+Still for the growing Liver digged his Bread, 
+
+The growing Liver dill fupply’d the Fend: 
+gtill are the Entrails fruitful to their Pains, 
+
+Th 5 immortal Hunger lads, tip immortal Food remains, 
+
+£ PEfchyl, in Promctheo, 
+
+
+SEC L 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+
+267 
+
+if 
+
+
+SECT. III. Other famous Offenders. 
+
+fflllegyas, King of the Lap it ha in Thejfalia , was the 
+l Father of the Nymph Coronis ; when he heard that 
+Jpollo had debauched his Daughter, he went in Anger* 
+and fired the Temple of SIpollo at Delphi ; for which 
+the enraged God fhot him through the Body with am 
+Arrow, and inflicted on him the following Punifh- 
+ment: A great Stone hangs over his Fieac), which he 
+imagines every Moment will fall down and crufh him 
+to Pieces: Thus he fits perpetually feaiing what will 
+never come to pafs ; which makes him frequently cail 
+out to Men * £0 obferve the Rules of Juftice and the 
+Precepts of Religion. 
+
+Ixion was the Son of this Phlegyas ; he killed his own. 
+Sifter, and obtained his Pardon from the Gods, who ad¬ 
+vanced him to Heaven : Kis Profpcrity made him wan¬ 
+ton, fo that he attempted to violate the Chaflity of Ju¬ 
+no, This infolent Attempt was difeovered to "Jupiter * 
+who fent a Cloud in the Shape of Juno, which the de¬ 
+ceived Lover embraced, and from thence thofc MonOera 
+the Centaurs were horn: Hereupon he was thrown down 
+to the Earth again ; where becaufe he boafted every¬ 
+where that he had familiarly known the Queen cf tbit 
+Gods , he was flruck with Thunder down into flel), and 
+tied faft to a Wheel, which turns about continually. 
+
+Salmoneus was Kins:; of Elis : His Ambition was not- 
+
+Cp _ ” 
+
+fatisfied with an earihly Crown, for he dehred Divine- 
+Honours; and, that the People might efteem him ^ 
+God, he built a brazen Bridge over to the City, and 
+drove his Chariot over it, imitating, by this Noife, Ju¬ 
+piter’s Thunder. He threw down lighted Torches, and 
+thofe who were flruck by them were taken and killed. 
+
+
+Difcitej'ljiltiam mcniii, Cf. non ten:nr.re Dt-vos, Virg\ I£n. 6. 
+
+Learn juftice hence, and don’t defpife the Gods. 
+
+
+
+
+268 Of the Gods f the Heathens, 
+
+Jupiter would not fuffer fo great Infolence, therefore 
+ihreiv the proud Man from his Stage headlong into Hell, 
+where /Eneas, b when he vifited the Infernal Regions’ 
+faw him punifhed, as Virgil relates. 
+
+Sifyphus was a famous Robber, killed by The Jew; 
+C He is condemned to Hell, to roll J a great and unweildy 
+Stone to the Top of an high Hill, and, as oft as the 
+Stone almoft touches the Top of the Mountain, it Hides 
+
+
+down again.. 
+
+The Betides were fifty Virgin-Sitters, fo called from 
+their Grandfather Belus> named alfo Danaides\ from 
+fcheir Father Danaus , who married them to the fifty Sons 
+of his Brother. The Oracle foretold, that X>^^jfliould 
+he fiain by his Son-in-Law ; wherefore he commanded 
+his Daughters to provide Daggers, and on their Wed^ 
+dins Night to kill their Hufbands. All the Daughters 
+performed their Promifes, and killed their Hufbands; 
+but Hypermnejlra fpar edLymeus, her Hufband, who af¬ 
+terwards killed Do?iaus , and took his Kingdom. This 
+<*reat Impiety was thus punifhed ; c they were condemn¬ 
+ed to draw Water out of a deep Well, and fill a Tub 
+that (like a Sieve) is full of Holes : The Water runs 
+out of the Tub as faft as it is put in, fo that they are 
+tormented with an unprofitable Labour without End. 
+
+Tantalus is another remarkable Criminal. He was 
+the f Son of 'Jupiter by the Nymph Plata. He invited 
+
+
+! 
+
+
+
+o Fiji crudcles danter/p Sal?none a feenas , 
+
+p um -jlammas Jew & Jonitus imitatur OlympL JBw. 6 . 
+
+Salmoncus fuffering cruel Pains I found 
+
+For emulating Jove ; the rattling Sound 
+
+Of mimic Thunder, and the glitt’ring Blaze 
+
+Of pointed Lightnings, and their forked Rays. 
+
+c Hefiod. Argon. d In gens & non exfuperabile faxum. Virg* 
+
+c A [fid uas rebel unt quas perdunt Betides undas . 
+
+M sis Ovid. Met< L 4# 
+
+
+They hourly fetch the Wat*er that they fpill. 
+f iiufeb. Prcep. Evang. 
+
+2 , 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 269 
+
+all the Gods to a Feaft, to get a plain and clear Proof 
+of their Divinity : When they came, he killed and 
+quartered his own Son Pelops , and boiled him, and fet 
+the Joints before them to eat. All the Gods abftained 
+from fuch horrid Diet, except Ceres , who ate one of 
+the Child’s Shoulders. Afterwards the Gods fent Mer¬ 
+cury to recall him to Life, and gave him an Ivory Shoul¬ 
+der inftead of the Shoulder which Ceres had eaten. a 
+This Pelops was the Hufband of Hippodamici , of whom 
+Jtretts and Thyejles were born ; the latter whereof was 
+banifhed, becaufe he corrupted his Brother AtreuP s 
+Wife; and, when he was recalled from Banifhmen% 
+he ate up thofe Children that he had by her; for Atreus 
+Filled them, and brought them in Difhes to the Table-, 
+where he and Thyejles dined together. It is faid, that 
+the Sun was not able to endure fo horrible a Sight, but 
+turned his Courfe back again to the Eaft. But as Tcin- 
+tahAs Crime was greater, fo was his Punifhment; h for 
+he is tormented with eternal Hunger and Thirft in the 
+Midft of Plenty both of Meat and Drink: He {lands in 
+Water up to his Lips, but cannot drink it; and Meat 
+is placed juft to his Mouth, which he cannot take hold 
+of. c Ovid mentions the Punifhment of Tantalus , but 
+affigns another Reafon for it, namely, becaufe hedivul- 
+ged the Secrets of the Gods to Men- But this was but 
+Part of his Punifhment, for d over his Head hangs a 
+weighty Stone, which he, with Horror and Dread, ex¬ 
+perts fhould fall on him, and dafh out his Brains, every 
+Moment. 
+
+2 Pindar, in Olymp. h Homer. OdyfL 
+
+c Quczrit aquas in aquis, & poma fugacia capiat 
+Tantalus , hoc iHigarrula lingua dedit . 
+
+Half drown’d he thirds, the dangling Apples fwing 
+From’s gaping Chaps: This comes of Prattling. 
+ri Jrlunc fuper atrci Jilcx , jam jam lapjura cadcnti 
+
+Immhu'.t ajjhnilis, -— ■—— Virg. 2En. 6. 
+
+--- a mafiy Stone, 
+
+Ready to drop, hangs o’er his curfed Head. 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+Now 
+
+
+
+270 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+Now this Fable of Tantalus reprefents the Condition 
+of a Mifer, who, in the Midft of Plenty, fnjfers Want, 
+and wants as much the Things which he has, as thofc 
+which he has not; as Horace rightly fays, a where he 
+applies this Fable of Tantalus to the real Wants of the 
+
+covetous Man. 
+
+
+n Tantalus a labns Jttiens fugientia captat 
+Fhtmina . Quid rides? mutato nomine, do tc 
+Falula narratur . (Serin. 1. I,) 
+
+Tho’ Tantalus, you’ve heard, does ftand Chin deep 
+
+In Water, yet he cannot get a Sip - 
+
+At which you fmile: Now all on*t would he true. 
+
+Were the Name chang’d, and the Tale told of you. 
+
+
+C H A P. XL 
+
+Monfters of HelL 
+
+^HERE are many ftrange Pictures of tbefe in- 
+JL fernal Monfters, but the raoft deformed are the 
+Gentaurs , who were the ancient Inhabitants of TbcJJalia* 
+trnd the firft who tamed Horfes, and ufed them in War. 
+Their Neighbours, who firft faw them on Horfe-back, 
+thought, that they had partly the Members of a Man, 
+and partly the Limbs of an Horfe. But the Poets tell 
+us another Story ; for they fay that Ixton begat them of 
+a Cloud, which he believed to be Juno, from whence 
+they are called Thtbige?i<£, in Virgil , /En. 6. and Bac~ 
+
+thus is faid to have overcome them. 
+
+Geryon , bccaufe he was King of the three Iflands 
+which are called Balearidcs , b is feigned to have three 
+Bodies: Or, it may be, becaufe there were three Bro- 
+
+b Tricorporem Sc tergemiiuun fuifie. 
+
+* thers 
+
+
+
+
+
+fhers of the fame Name, whofe Minds and AfFecliong 
+were fo united, that they feemed to be governed and to 
+Jive by one SouL 'They add, that Geryon kept Oxen, 
+which devoured the Strangers that came to him : They 
+were guarded by a Dog with two Heads, and a Dra¬ 
+gon with feven. Hercules killed the Guards, and drove 
+the Oxen afterwards away. 
+
+The Harpyes are fo called u from their Rapacity: 
+They were born of Oceanus and "Terra , with the Faces of 
+Virgins, and the Bodies of Birds ; their Hands were 
+armed with Claws, and their Habitation was in the 
+Hands. Their Names were Aello, Ocyfcte , and Cek/zo ; 
+which laft brought forth Z cphyras (the IVejl Wind) and 
+Boli us , and Xanthus , the Horfes of Achilles „ Virgil gives 
+us an b elegant Defcription of thefe three Sifters. 
+
+To the three Harpyes add the three Gorgons , Me- 
+dufa , Stheno , and Euryale , who were the Daughters of 
+Pbcrcusznd Cete. Inftead of Hair, their Heads were 
+covered with Vipers , which fo terrified the Beholder, 
+that they turned him prefently into a Stone. Perhaps 
+they intended to reprefent, by this Part of the Fable, the 
+
+:l Ab degnctZtdj rapio. 
+
+h At fubiib horrifico lapfu dc montzius ctdfunt 
+Harpy w ; & mcignis quatinnt cla/zgorib/is alas • 
+
+Save Dees, feu J'unt Diree , obfeesna/que <volacres. 
+
+Trijlius hand ill is ?no//Jlrum ejl , nee Jdasior ullcz 
+Pejlis & ira De fan Stygiis fefe extulit undis. 
+
+Virghici ajolucnan ' vnltus , fcsdijfima ajentris 
+Prolunjics, nncay; /nanus, £5 pallida Jhnper 
+
+Ore fawe. ■——• --• ./Eneid. 3, 
+
+When from the Mountain-tops, with hideous Cry 
+And clattering Wings, the filthy Harpyes fly; 
+
+Mongers more fierce oFended Heaven ne’er fent. 
+
+From Hell’s Abyfs, for Human Punifhment, 
+
+With Virgin Faces, but with Wombs obfcenc ; J 
+Foul Paunches, and with Ordure Hill unclean ; C 
+With Claws for Hands, and Looks for ever lean* % 
+
+Virg. ALneid. 3 . 
+
+extra-' 
+
+
+2 J 2 , Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+extraordinary Beauty of thefe Sifters, which was fucfj 
+that whofoever faw them were amazed, and ftood im¬ 
+moveable like Stodes. There were other Gargons be- 
+tides, born of the fame Parents, who were caljed La* 
+
+or Emfitfa: a They had only one Eye, and one 
+Tooth, common to them all: They kept this Tooth 
+and Eye at Home in a little Veflel, and, which foever 
+of them went abroad, fhe ufed them. b They had the 
+Paces of Women, and alfo the Necks and Breads; but 
+below they were covered with Scales., and had the Tails 
+of Serpents. They ufed to entice Men, and then de¬ 
+vour them. Their Breafts were naked, and their Bo- 
+forns were open. They looked on the Ground as it 
+were out of Modefty. Thus they tempted Men to 
+difeourfe with them, and when they came near, thefe 
+Lam'uz ufed to fly in their Faces, and ftrangle them, and 
+tear therrvto Pieces barbaroufly. And what more plain¬ 
+ly expreltes the devilifh Arts.of wicked Women, againft 
+whom the Scriptures caution us in thefe Words, c Tk 
+Sea monflers draw out the Breafts they give fuck ? Others 
+only mentioned one Lamia , who was a moft beautiful 
+Woman ; Jupiter debauched her, and Juno , through 
+Jealoufy, deprived her of the Children that (he bore. 
+She became diftra£ted with Grief, and devoured other 
+
+
+People’s Children in their Cradles. 
+
+The Chi mar a d is a Monfter, c which vomiteth forth 
+Fire; he hath the Head and Breafl: of a Lion, the 
+Belly of a Goat, and the Tail of a Dragon, as it is 
+exprefied f in a known Verfe, and deferibed by s Ovid 
+
+• • A Vul- 
+
+
+
+
+i 
+
+
+h 
+
+i 
+
+» 
+
+
+a iEfchyl. in Prometh. b Dion. Hilt. Libya?. c Lamix 
+nudaverunt mammam, Lamentat. iv. 3. ll Dures, 1 . 2. 
+Rerum Libycarum. c Horn. Iliad. | f Hefiod. in Theog, 
+Z.Prima Leo, pojirema Draco, media inde Cape!la. 
+
+A Lion’s Plead and Breafl referable his. 
+
+His Waift a Goat’s, his Tail a Dragon’s is. 
+
+h dhjoque Chimrera jugo, mod ns in partitas Lhrcnm, 
+
+Pc Ctn* T ora Lore, can dam Dr aeon is Label at. 
+
+And 
+
+
+
+I 
+
+p 
+
+
+'3 
+
+(i 
+
+
+
+
+1 
+
+
+
+« 
+
+
+
+A Vulcano in Lycia occafioned this Fable; for in the 
+Top of the Mountain were Lions* in the Middle 
+/where was Paftqre) Goats lived, and the Bottom of 
+jt abounded with Serpents. a Bellercphon made this 
+Mountain habitable* and is faid therefore to have killed 
+
+C.hlmp.YQ- 
+
+
+■ The Monfter Sphinx was begotten b of Typhon and 
+Echidna. She had the Head and Face of a young Wo¬ 
+man, the Wings of a Bird, and the Body and Feet of a 
+Dog. She lived in the Mountain Sphincius , affaulted 
+all PafTengers, and infefted the Country about Thebes 5 
+infomuch that the Oracle of Apollo was confuked Con¬ 
+cerning her, and Anfwer was made. That, unlefs fome 
+body did refolve the Riddle of Sphinx , there would be no 
+bid of that great Evil. Many endeavoured to explain 
+it, but were overcome, and torn in Pieces by the Mon¬ 
+ger. Creon , at that Time, was King of Thebes , who 
+publifhed an Edidt through all Greece , in which if any 
+one could explain the Riddle of Sphinx , he promifed* 
+that he would give him to Wife his own Sifter JocaJla : 
+The Riddle was this : c JVhat Animal is that 'which goes 
+upon four Feet in the Morning , upon two at Noon , and upon 
+three at Night P Oedipus , encouraged with the Hopes 
+of the Reward, undertook it, and happily explained it ; 
+fo that the Sphinx was enraged, and caft herfelf headlong 
+from a Rock, and died. He faid, that that Animal was 
+a Man , who* in his Infancy, creeps upon his Hands 
+and Feet* and lo may be faid to go on four Lect ; 
+when he grows up, he walks on tivo Feet % but, when 
+he grows old, he ufes the Support of a Staff, and fo may 
+be laid to walk on three Feet . 
+
+
+«■-And o’er the craggy Top 
+
+Chimera dwells, with Lion’s Face and Mane, 
+
+A Goat’s rough Body, and a Dragon’s Train. 
+a Panfan. in Corinth. b Vide Natal. Com. c : Quidiiam 
+animal mane quadrupes, meridie h pes, \eiperl tripes effet? 
+
+T This 
+
+
+
+274 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+This Oedipus was the Son of Lams , a King of Thcki: 
+Soon after his Birth Lotus commanded a Soldier to car¬ 
+ry his Son Oedipus into a Wood, and then deftroyhim, 
+becaufe it had been foretold by the Oracle, that he 
+fhould be killed by his own Son : But the Soldier was 
+moved with Pity towards the Child, and afraid to im¬ 
+brue his Hands'in Royal Blood; wherefore he pierced 
+his Feet with a Hook, and hanged him upon a Tree to 
+be killed with Hunger. One of the Shepherds of Po/y- 
+lius. King of Corinth, found him, and brought him to 
+the Queen, who, becaufe Che had no Children, educa- 
+ted him as her own Son, and from b bis fwollen Feet cal- 
+led him Oedipus. This Oedipus, when he came to Age, 
+knew that King Polybius was not his Father, and there¬ 
+fore refolved to find out his Parents; confuting the 
+Oracle, he was told that he fhould meet his Father 
+in Phocis. In his Journey he met fome Paffengers, a- 
+mong whom was his Father, but he knew him not; a 
+Quarrel arofe, and, in the Fray, he, by Chance, killed 
+his Father. After this, he proceeded on his Journey, 
+and arrived at Thebes, where he overcame Sphinx, and 
+for his Reward married JocaJla, whom he knew not to 
+be his Mother then, but discovered it afterwards. He 
+had by her two Sons, Eteocles and Polynices , and two 
+Daughters, Antigone and Ifmena. c When afterwards 
+he found, by clear Proof, that he had killed his Father, 
+and married his .Mother, he was feized with Co great 
+Madnefs, that he pulled out his own Eyes, and had 
+killed himfelf, if his Daughter Antigone (who led him 
+about after he was blind) had not hindered him. 
+
+Eteocles and Polynices, the Sons of Oedipus and JocaJla, 
+d fucceeded their Father in the Government: They a- 
+p-reed to reign a Year a-piece in their Turns. Eteocles 
+reigned the firft Year, and then refufed to admit his 
+
+a stat. i. Theb. Plutarch. JEIiaiu & alii. h Puerum CE- 
+
+dipum vocavit a tumore pedum, ol&eo enim tumeo w; 
+pedem fignificat. c Senecas CEdip. d Stat. Theb^ 
+
+
+■j 
+
+! 
+
+1 
+
+? 
+
+V 
+
+» 
+
+J 
+
+
+
+Jjrother Poly nice $ to the Throne: Whereupon a War 
+arofe, and the two Brothers, in a Duel, killed each 
+other. Their Enmity lafted longer than their Lives ; 
+for when their Bodies were placed on the fame Pile to 
+be burnt by the fame Fire, the Flames refufed to unite., 
+but divided themfelves into two Parts* 
+
+
+CHAP. XIL 
+
+The E h y s i u m* 
+
+rpHERE is a Place in the infernal Dominions a** 
+JL bounding with Pleafures and Delights, which is 
+called the Elyfium ; a becaufe thither the Souls of the Good 
+come , after they are loofed from the Chains of the Body s 
+when they have been purged from the light Offences 
+that they, had contradled in this World. b JEneas re¬ 
+ceived this Account from one of the Inhabitants of it, as 
+Virgil tells us, c who defcribes this Place as abounding 
+
+a ’A?to t a folutione; quod Animse piorum cor- 
+poreis folutx vinculis, loca ilia petant poiiquam purgatsc 
+i i’unt a levioribus noxis quas contraxerant. 
+
+b f uos p&timur manes ; ex hide per amplunz 
+
+Mittvnur Elyjlum , & pauci Iceta arnja tencmus. 
+
+Ail have their Manes , and thofe Manes bear: 
+
+The few, who’re cleans’d, to thofe Abodes repair, 
+
+And breathe in ample Fields the foft Elyjlan Air. 
+c Devon ere locos lest os, & avi&na vircta 
+Fort tin at or tan nemorum fedefqne beat as : 
+
+Largior hie campos tether quoq ; lumina v eft it 
+Fur pureo , folemque fuum fua Jidera norunt, 
+
+Thefe holy Rites perform’d, they took their Way 
+Where long extended Plains of Pleafure lay. 
+
+The verdant Fields with thofe of Heav’n may vie. 
+
+With JEtber veiled, and a- Purple Sky : 
+
+The blifsful Seats of happy Souls below. 
+
+Stars of their own, and their own Sun they know. 
+
+T 2, with 
+
+
+
+276 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the 
+
+
+with all the Delights that the molt pleaiant flams, the 
+moil verdant Fields, the fhadieft Groves, and the finelt 
+and moil temperate Air can produce. 
+
+
+
+I 
+
+1 
+
+? 
+
+
+CHAP. XIII. i 
+
+4 
+
+5T 'he River Leth e. ! 
+
+r 
+
+• w % 
+
+J 
+
+T HERE is a River in Hell called Lethe, a from ■ 
+
+the Forgetfulnefs it caufes. For if any body 
+drinks this Water, he immediately forgets all Things 
+• So that when the Souls of the Pious have (pent 
+many A<res in the Ely ft an Fields, b they drink the Water 
+of Lethe, and are believed to pafs into new Todies, and 
+return into the World again : And it is neceilary that they 
+forget, both the Pleafures that they have received in 
+Ekftum, and the Miferies that they did heretofore endure 
+in this Life, that they may willingly return into this rm- 
+ferable Life again. Thefe Souls went out from Ely [mm 
+bv that Ivory Gate, which you fee painted in the lower 
+Part of this Wall; and, if you pleafe, we will go through 
+this Gate, and leave thefe infernal Regions, to view more 
+beautiful, though not lefs ridiculous. Images of the other 
+
+Qods. 
+
+
+
+- ’Atto t 5« ah oblivione. 
+
+fc -. AnhncS qi.ibus altera fato . t 
+
+Corpora debent nr. Lethal adf.utHinis undant 
+Secures latices tv longa obli'via pot Ant. 
+
+— - Souls that by Fate W . . 
+
+Are doom’d to take new Shapes, at Lethe s Brink 
+Quaff Draughts fecure, and long Oolivion drink 
+
+
+
+PART 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+C H A P. L 
+T.he Penates, 
+
+O W, Pal&ophilust let -us view the fifth 
+Divifion of this Fabulous Pantheon , iri 
+which the hiferior or .fuhordinate Gods are 
+contained : The 'Latins generally called 
+them DU Minorum Gentium* and fome-* 
+times S e moves ^ Minnti , Plebeii , and Pa- 
+tdlarii. They are painted without Confufion, in very 
+good Order, and very diftindtly. If we confider how 
+infinite the Number of them was 9 . it is plain-, that the 
+Remans had almofi: as many Gods as there are Things* 
+And, indeed, how great are the Number of Gods who 
+prefide over i neon fiderable Things, fince there are three 
+Gods to keep one Door ! Firft, the God For cuius looks 
+after the Door, the Goddefs Cardua after the Hinges, and 
+Limentius after the Threlhold. I fhall only briefly fpeak 
+
+T 3 of 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+2yS Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+of thofe, who affift, or any ways preferve Men from 
+their Birth to their Death. 
+
+The Penates are io called from the Latin Word jfV 
+mis*, which Word, a Tally fays, includes every Thing 
+that Men cat. Or elfe they have this Name from the 
+Place allotted to them in the Heavens; b becaufe they 
+are placed in the moft inward and private Parts of the 
+Heavens where they reign: Hence they call them Pe - 
+?ietrales , and the Place of their Abode Penetrale . They 
+intirely govern us by their Reafon, their Heat, and 
+their Spirit, fo that we can neither live, nor ufe our 
+Under ftanding c without them, yet we know neither 
+the Number nor Names of them. The ancient Hetrujci 
+called them Confentes and Complices % fuppofing that 
+they are Jupiter's Counfellors, and the Chief of the 
+Gods: And many reckon Jupiter himfelf, together 
+with Juno and Minerva , among the Penates. But I 
+will give you a more'diftin£t and particular Information 
+in this Matter. 
+
+There were three Orders of the Dit Penates: r, 
+Thofe who governed d Kingdoms and Provinces, and 
+were abfoUilely and folely called Penates. 2. Thofe 
+who prefided over Cities only, and thefe were called 
+the Gods of the Country , or the great Gods ; Mneas makes 
+mention of them in c Virgil. 3. Thofe who prefided 
+over particular Houfes and Families, and thefe were 
+called the f fmattGods. The Poets makqfrequent Men¬ 
+tion of them, efpecially Virgil , who, in one Place, men¬ 
+tions Fifty Servant-maids, whole Bufinefs it was to 
+
+a Eft enim penus omne quo vefcuntur homines, c. z. de 
+Nat. b Quod penitus infideant, ex quo Penetrales aPoetis 
+vocantur. Sc locus in quo fervabantur eorum effigies Penetrale 
+<ii£tus. Varro ap. Arnob. I.-3. c Virg. JEn , 1.5, 
+patriiSsol IVlacrob- 3* Saturn. Plut. 4. bymp. I» 
+
+c Tit-t Genii or 9 cape facret ?ncumpatriojque Penates . 
+
+Our Country-Gods, theReb.ques and the Bands, 
+Hold you, my Father, in your guiltlefs Hands. 
+
+• Parvicue Penates, Virg. yEn, 8. 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens • 
+
+
+
+look after their Affairs, and to offer Sacrifices to theHouf- 
+hold Gods: And in a another Place he lpeaks of thefe 
+Houfliold Gods being ftained and defiled by the Blood 
+of one that was killed by his Brother. But it muft 
+likewife be obferved, that, amongft the Latins , the 
+Word Penates not only fignifies the Gods, of which we 
+have been fpeaking, but likewife fignifies a j Dwelling- 
+Houfe? of which we have Inftances in many Authors* 
+and among the reft, in b Virgil , c Tally, and d Fabius . 
+
+c Trniaus, and from him Dionyfius , fays. That thefe 
+Penates, had no proper Shape or Figure; but were 
+> wooden or brazen Rods, fhaped fomewhat like Tfum- 
+| pets. But it is alfo thought, by others, that they had 
+• the Shape of young Men with Spears, which they held 
+I apart from one another. 
+
+
+' a Flammas adolere Penates, x. b Sparfos fra- 
+
+1 ternacsede Penates, JEn . 4. c Noftris fuccede penatibus 
+
+hofpes. d Exterminare aliquem a fuis Diis Penatibus. 
+Pro Sexto. c Liberos pellere do mo, ac prohibere Penati- 
+\ bus. Dec. 260. 8. Lib. x. 
+
+1 
+
+
+C HAP. II. 
+
+> 
+
+The Lares. 
+
+t 
+
+f 
+
+T H E Lares were Children bom from the ftolen 
+Embraces of Mercury and the Nymph Lara ; for 
+iwhen, by her Prating, fhe had difeovered fome o 
+| fiter 9 s Amours, he was fo enraged that he cut out her 
+j Tongue, and banifhed her to the Stygian Lake. Mer~ 
+
+| cury, who was appointed to condudt her thither, ravifh- 
+I edher upon the Road. f She grew big with Child, and 
+
+i 
+
+t jy- _ _ - j ■ __ r * % in r-rm r m m ■ 
+
+| { Fitque gratis, Gemino/qne parit qui compita fer*vcmt % 
+
+| Et vigilant nojlra fern per in <zde Lares . Ovid. Fait, 1 , 2, 
+
+j Her Twins the Lares call’d. ’Pis by their Care 
+j On* Hordes, Roads, and Streets in Safety are. 
+
+| T 4 i.n 
+
+i 
+
+
+
+200 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the ■Heathens 
+
+
+
+V. 
+
+
+
+
+in clue Time brought forth Twins, and named them 
+Lares . 
+
+They were made Do?ncJUck Gods , and accordingly 
+preffded over a Houfes, Streets, and Ways, On this 
+Account they were worfhipped b in the Roads and open 
+Streets, called, in Latin , Compita , from whence the 
+Games celebrated in their Honour were called c Com pi. 
+tali fit , Compitalitia , and fome times Compitalia . When 
+thefe Sports were excrcifed, rl the Images of Men and 
+Women, made of Wool, were hung in the Streets; 
+and l*o many Balls made of Wool as there were Ser¬ 
+vants in the Family, and fo many co'mpleat Images 
+as there were Children. The Meaning of which Cuf- 
+tom was this : ThefeFeaffs were dedicated to the Lam, 
+who were eftcemed Infernal Gods j the People defiring 
+hereby that thefe Gods would be contented with thefe 
+woollen Images, and fpare the Perfons reprefented by 
+them. The Roman Youths ufed to wear a golden Or¬ 
+nament, called Bulla , about their Necks; it was 
+made in the Shape of an Heart, and hollow within, 
+This they wore till they were fourteen Years of Age, 
+and then they put it off, and, hanging it up, con fee ra- 
+ted it to the Lares , as we learn from e . Perjtus . Thefe 
+Lares fometimes f were cloathed in the Skins of Dogs, 
+and were s fometimes fafhioned in the Shape of Dogs; 
+whence that Creature was confecrated to them. 
+
+The Places in which the Lares were worlhippcd was | 
+called Lararium ; and in the Sacrifices offered to them,' 
+the firff Fruits of the Year, Jl Wine and Incenfe were 
+brought to their Altars, and their Images adorned with 
+
+
+2 Martial. 1 - 3. Epigr. 57. b Arnob. 2. * Varro de Re 
+
+ruftica ; & 5 . de Ling. Lat. d Feftus apud Lil. Gyr. 
+c Bull ague fucetv&ts Lartbus donata ptpendit . 
+
+When fourteen Years are paft> the Bulla s laid 
+A fide, an Offering to the Lares made. 
+f Plutarch, in Prob. « Plautus. h Tibullus, 1.i< 
+
+in prol. Aul. 
+
+A c .ha*!- 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 28 x 
+
+Chaplets and Garlands. a The Beginning of which 
+Worfhip came from hence, that anciently the Dead , 
+b who were buried at home, were worfhipped as Gods, 
+and called Lares . And befides, we find in c Piiny , that 
+they facrificed, with Wine and Incenfe, to the Images 
+of the Emperors, while they yet lived. 
+
+:i Jurenah Sat. 9. 12. b Arnob. 5. ex Var. c Epiflol. 
+1. 10. 
+
+
+CHAP. III. 
+
+SECT. I. 'The Genii. Their Names* 
+
+A LTHOUGH the Genii and the Lares fometinics 
+Jl\. mean the fame Deities, yet by Genius is commonly 
+meant that Spirit of Nature which begets all Things, from 
+which d generative Power it has its Name ; or elfe it is fo 
+called, becaufe it aftifts all Generations; orlaftly,becanfe 
+it protedfs and defends us when we are begotten. The 
+Birth-Day, and the Marriage-Bed, had the Name 0 Ge¬ 
+nial from him; which Name f was likewife given all 
+Days wherein Mirth, Pleafure, and Joys did abound. 
+And on the fame Account thofe who live merrily, 
+who deny themfelves nothing that makes for their Eafc 
+and Pleafure, or that is grateful to their Appetite, who 
+entirely follow the Didlates of their fenfual Defires, arc 
+faid to live a ge?iial Life , or/0 indulge their Genius . 
+
+The Greeks called thefe Genii Da?jions , as it is 
+thought, from the s Terror and Dread they create in 
+thofe to whom they appear; or, as it is more probable. 
+
+
+<l -A gignendo feu genendo, nam geno pro gigno olim dice- 
+batur. Aug. 7. de Uivitate Dei. Cicero 2. de Oratore, Sc 2. 
+de Inventione. c Cenforin. de Die Nat. 3. f If dor. 8. 
+Etymol. c. ult. e Da^mones dicuntur « caipaUv exterreo, 
+aut pave facie, Eufebius. 
+
+
+from 
+
+
+282 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+3 from the prudent and wife Anfwers which they gave 
+when they were eonfulted as' Oracles. b Hence feme 
+think, that illuftrious Men* whofe Actions in this Life 
+gain them univerfal Praife and Applaufe, do after their 
+Deaths become Daemons, by which Daemons is to be 
+
+nnderftood, c as Plutarch fays. Beings of a middle Kind 
+of a greater Dignity than Man* but of a Nature inferior 
+to the Gods.- 
+
+a Vel quzfi cwpov's, id ell, periti rerumqoe prasfeii, nam 
+.xefponfa dabant confulentibua. Ifidor. S. EtymoL b So- 
+crates ex Hef. ap. Plat. ibid. c Lib. de Orat. 
+
+
+SECT. II. Their In?ages. 
+
+,/^HE Images of the Genii refcmbled for the moil 
+JL Part the Form d of a Serpent , according to c Per- 
+ftus , and his Commentators. Sometimes alfo they were 
+deferibed like a Boy, or a Girl, or an old Man ; and 
+crowned with the Leaves of the Plaine-Tree> f which 
+was. a Tree- facred to the Genii. 
+
+d Statu Tlieb. 
+
+e Ping? duos argues; Pueri , facer eft lacus > extra 
+Wleieie .- 
+
+Paint here two Snakes ; let no Youth dare 
+Defile with Pifs thole Walls that facred are. 
+
+Vide la Cerda? Commentar. in .ZEneid. f Piatanus pu* 
+
+tabator arbor genial is. 
+
+» • 
+
+SECT. III. Sacrifices offered to the Genii. 
+
+W INE and Flowers were offered up in the Sacri¬ 
+fices to the Genii , and that efpecially by People 
+
+on their Birth-Days, as we may learn from g Perftus and 
+
+% 
+
+% _ 
+
+£ F unde me rum Genio .-- 
+
+To Genius confecrate a chearful Glafi, 
+
+Horace * 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+
+5 }J 0 race. To thefe Flowers and Wine they added 
+Incenfe, parched Bread, and Corn ftrewed with Salt, 
+b Sometimes alfo a Swine was facrificed i though Ctnfo - 
+rhms writes, that it was not ufual to facrifice to the 
+Genii with the Blood and Slaughter of any Thing, 
+fmee we ought not to take Life from other Creatures 
+on that Day on which we received it. 
+
+
+
+n _— —— - pi a bant 
+
+ploribus y vino Genium mtmorem brevis sevi. 
+
+Cumfociis operum & pueris & conjuge fid a. 
+
+Their Wives, their Neighbours, and their prattling Boys, 
+Were call’d 5 all tailed of their fportive joys: 
+
+They drank, they danc’d, they fung, made wanton Sport, 
+Enjoy’d themfeves, for Life they knew was (hort. 
+
+Flora f. Epifl. 2. it, 
+
+b Pint, in Aul. Palceph. Eel. 5. Hor. 3. Carm. 
+
+
+SECT. IV. V heir Offices. 
+
+T HE Genii were appointed the continual Guardi¬ 
+ans, Overfeers, d and fafe Keepers of the Men (as 
+* the Womens’ Guardians and Prote£lors were called 
+Junones) from their Cradles to their Graves. They 
+likewife carried the Prayers of Men to the Gods, and 
+interceded for them. Whence fome call them Free* 
+Jlites , or chief Governors, f becaufe they are Jet over the 
+Management of all 'Things. 
+
+To every Perfon 2 were afligned two Genii , a Bonus 
+Genius, and a Malus Genius: h Horace calls them a. 
+white and a black one. We were told by 5 Valerius 
+Maximus that when Gaffi.us fled to Athens , after Antony 
+was beaten at Aftium? there appeared to him a Man 
+
+d Arrian, in Epiftet. c Polit. Mifcell. c. 99. f Quod 
+praTint gerund is omnibus. Martianus 2. deNupt. £ Piut, 
+
+de Ifide & Ofir. h Genium Album & Nigrum. Horat. 2. 
+Epift, 1 Interrogates quifnam effet refpondit fe efle tcuw 
+faipwet. Val. Max. L :.c. 7. 
+
+
+of 
+
+
+20 4 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+with long Hair, and a naily Beard. . CaJJius alked him 
+who he was ? And the Apparition anfwered, I am jour 
+£Vil Genius. Virgil is thought, by his a Commentator 
+Seruius , to mean thefe two Genii, by the Word Manes s 
+Of thefe two Genii, the good One, which is given to 
+every one at his Birth, conftantly incites him to the 
+Practice of Virtue and Goodnefs ; whereas the bad One 
+prompts him to all Manner of Vice and Wickednefs. 
+
+Nor were thefe Genii afTigned to Men only: for 
+Several Countries had their Genius , who therefore were 
+called the b Deities of the Place . Nay, c Genii were al¬ 
+lotted to all Houfes, and Doors, and Stables, and 
+Hearths : And becaufe the Hearths were ufually co¬ 
+vered with Slates , therefore the God of the Hearths was 
+called Later anus : But of thefe enough. Let us now 
+oroceed to the other inferior Deities. 
+
+
+j. 
+
+ft 
+
+
+i 
+
+
+a Qmfque fucs patimur manes, vug- yfcn. 6 
+
+srium in loc. b Aomen loci. Virg. JEn. 7. 
+Symm. Laterculis extrui foci folcbant. Lil. Synt. 
+
+
+Vide Ser- 
+c Prud. in 
+
+
+1 
+
+
+
+
+
+c n a p, iv. 
+
+* 
+
+<fhe Nuptial Gods and Goddejfes . 
+
+• • * 
+j i * 
+
+XVE Deities were fo abfolutely neccflary to nil ; 
+Marriages, that none could lawfully be folern- . 
+zed without them- • They were a Jupiter per]eths 
+feu a didi us, Juno per fed! a feu-adult a, ^ Venus , Suada, and 
+Diana: Befides which, feveral inferior Gods and . 
+God defies were worfhipped at all Marriages. 
+
+
+Man and the Woman 
+
+
+in th 
+
+
+Matrimonj 
+
+
+
+< ? * Minorca Sc PJebeii Dii 
+Aug. de Civic. 4. 
+
+
+c A jugo matrimonii di&us. 
+
+Vom- 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 285 
+
+Domidttcus* guided the Bride into the Bridegroom’s 
+
+ftioufe. • ’ 
+
+Domitlus was worlhipped, that the Bride might be b 
+]cept*at Home, to look after the Affairs of the Family. 
+
+Mantunui was worlhipped, that the Wife might 
+never leave her Hufband, but in all Conditions of Life 
+c abide with him. 
+
+Then the Goddefs Virginenjis , and alfo the Goddefs 
+Cinxla Juno , d was invoked when the Virgin’s Girdle 
+
+was unloofed. 
+
+Priapus , or Mutenus , was alfo reckoned one of the 
+Nuptial Gods, becaufe in his filthy Lap the Bride was 
+commanded to fit, according to a very religious and 
+modifh Cuftom, forfooth ! 
+
+Per cun da ^ * or Parcuncla y was alfo worfhipped : St. 
+JlugiiJlin , mentioning her, advifes us to c /pare the 
+Uodefiy of Human Nature . 
+
+f Piriplaca reconciles Hufbands to their Wives. A 
+Temple at Rome was dedicated to her, whither the 
+monied Couple ufually repaired when any Quarrel 
+arofe between them; and there opening their Minds 
+freely to each other, without Paffion, they laid alide all 
+Anger, axrd returned Home together friendly. 
+
+The Goddefs Matuta , s according to the Opinion of 
+fome, was the Daughter of Cachnus , whom the Greeks 
+cull Lcucothea , or Ino. h The Maid-Servants were not 
+fuffered to come within her Temple; but the married 
+Women admitted, one of them, and afterwards buffeted 
+her. Mothers prayed to this Goddefs to fend Bieflings 
+on their Sijler\ Children, but never prayed to her for 
+their own : And therefore while they were prefent at 
+her Sacrifices, they carried not their own, but their 
+Sifter’s Children in their Arms. 
+
+a Quod fponfam in fponft domum daceret. Idem ibid. $e 
+I. 9. c. 9. h Ut fponfam domi teneret. c Ut cum maritu 
+Temper maneret. d Augutl. ibid. e CJt parcatur humaiue 
+verecundi^e ibid. . f A placando Viro. Val. Max. 1 . z. c. x. 
+1 Ovid. Met. 1 . 3. h Flat, in Camille, Sc Quceil. Roiri. r. 
+
+The 
+
+
+♦ 
+
+
+
+286 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+The Goddefs Mena prefided over the Womens* 
+Monthly Courfes ; and was the fame with the b Moon 
+And c Febrna was employed in the fame Affair* 
+was fo called for the fame Eseafon. * 
+
+
+A Menftruis. b Etiam Greece Luna dicitur. c ^ 
+februo, id eft, purge. 
+
+
+CHAP. V. 
+
+
+2 "he Gods prejidtng over IVomen with Child . 
+
+
+
+HREE Gods affifted bfg-belly’d Women when 
+their Affiftance was afked. 
+
+
+Pilumnus-was one of the Gods of Children: He was 
+fo called.from the Peftle, a which the Ancients pounded 
+their Corn with , before they made their Bread, or b be- 
+caule he keeps off thofe Misfortunes which attend 
+Children. 
+
+Inter cidona was the Goddefs who fir ft taught the Art 
+c of cutting Wood with a Hatchet to make Fires. 
+
+Dcverra was worfhipped as a Goddefs, becaufe flic 
+invented Brooms, d by which all Things are brulhed 
+clean, and thofe Diftempcrs prevented that proceeded 
+from Naftinefs. 
+
+
+The Sylvan Gods*> who were always hurtful to big- 
+belly’d Women, were driven away by thofe Deities, 
+and the Mifchief they invented was prevented. For, as 
+neither the Trees, c fays St. Augujiine , are cut down 
+without an Ax , nor Bread made without a Pejile , nor 
+Things preferved clean without a Brujh \ fo, fince thofe 
+Inftruments are thought Signs of good Houfewifry, it 
+was fuppofed, that thcle wild unclean Gods would ne¬ 
+ver dare to enter into the Chamber of a breeding Woman. 
+
+
+- - 
+
+* A pilo. b Quod mala ab infantibus pellit. Servius. 
+
+c Ab intercifione fecuris. d A fcopisquibus verritur, 
+
+Aueuftin. de Civit. Dei, 1. 7 . 
+
+* CHAP. 
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. YL 
+
+
+cf he Gods and Goddejfes preftding over Women in 
+
+Labour* 
+
+
+and 
+
+H E S E Goddejfes affifted Women in Travail, 
+
+][ promoted the happy Birth of the Child. 
+j un0 Lucina , a whofe Image was thus formed. One 
+Hand was empty, and ready, as it were, to receive the 
+new-born Babe ; the other Hand held a lighted Torch, 
+by which that Light of Life was fignified, which all 
+
+enjoy as foon as they are born. 
+
+Diana ; (though b fome make no Difference between 
+
+her and Lucina.) Timaus fpealcs very hand fome] y, c 
+when he relates that Diana's Temple was burnt the 
+fame Night in which Alexcinder was born: 4 d It is no 
+4 Wonder fhe was abfent from her Houfe, fays he, 
+4 w hen her Affiftance was neceflary at the Labour of 
+€ Olympias , Alexander s Mother.’ She is called Solvizo- 
+m\ for when Women lay in the fir ft Time, they 
+loofed their Z ona^ or Girdle , and dedicated it to Diana* 
+Egeria is fo called ° from cajiing forth the Birth . 
+Profa> or Prorfa , or Pcrrima (who was called alfo 
+Pojlverta and Ant evert a) looked after the Birth of the 
+Child: f It was in her Power to make the Birth eafy 
+and regular, or difficult and prepofterous. 
+
+Man a genet a & prefided alfo over the Infant, both be¬ 
+fore and after his Birth. 
+
+Laftly, the Goddefs Laiona , of whom we havefpo- 
+ken in' her Place. It was thought that fjie very much 
+loved a Dunghill-Cock; becaufe a Cock was p re fen t 
+
+
+3 Nat. Comes. b Catull. Carm. ad Dian. 12, c Ci¬ 
+cero de Nat. Deor. 3 . 1. d Theocr. Idyll. 1 . 17. c A part 11 
+egcrendo. f Cell. c. 19. 1 ’Iutarch. Rom, q. 25, % JEli- 
+
+varia HiRoiia. 
+
+wheat 
+
+* 
+
+
+288 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+. ***<+ 
+
+when fhe brought forth Diana and Apollo \ and from 
+thence fome imagine, that the Prefence of a Cock ren¬ 
+ders Women’s Labours eafy. 
+
+Nixii Dei , fo called u from Jlrruing , becanfe the Mother 
+and the ChildJlruggle at that Dime : T he Mother fina¬ 
+gles through Pain, and the Child, that it may come 
+into the World. 
+
+
+
+a Ab enitendo, quod eniteretar cum mater, turn fcetus, 
+Aufon. Idyll. 12. - 
+
+
+
+
+C PI A P. VIL 
+
+
+Dhe Deities prejtding over Infants at the Dime of 
+
+their Birth and after . 
+
+
+
+
+HESE Deities prefldctl over Children in the. 
+Time of their Birth, and afterwards: Janm y 
+who opened a the Door of Life to them . 
+
+Opis 9 who b afhfled them when they came into the 
+World. ' 
+
+
+Nafcioj or Natio , a Goddefs fo called from a Latin 
+Word, c fignifying to be born. 
+
+Cunia , rf who attends the Cradle, and watches the 
+Infants while they lie and deep. 
+
+Carmenta.y c who fings the Deliinies. 
+
+Vagitanns^ or Vaticanus y f who takes care of them 
+when they cry. 
+
+Levana 9 5 from lifting them up frotn the Ground, 
+h For, when a Child was born, the Midwife conftantly 
+
+
+a Qui aperiret vita? januam. b Qu^e opem ferret. c A 
+nafeendo,. Auguftin. de Civitate, 1 . 4* c. 8. & if. lI 
+cunis pneeft. c A canendo. f A vagiendoa s A kvanuo. 
+k Var. 2. de vita pop. Rom. 
+
+2 * u»i 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 
+
+
+289 
+
+
+kid the Child on the Ground, and the Father, or, in 
+}iis Abfence, fomebody appointed by him, lifted it 
+from the Ground 5 and from thence t oiler e liber os fig- 
+nifies to educate Children . 
+
+Rtwrina , who milks the Bread for the Child. a Ru- 
+m is an old Word fignifying a Brcajl . 
+
+Pound* b who gives the Infants Drink. 
+
+Educa* or Edufa , from whom' it receives its c Food. 
+
+OjJibgOy who fattens the tl Bones, and hardens the 
+
+Body. 
+
+Camd) or Carnea , who e keeps the inward Parts fafe. 
+To this Goddefs they facrificed,' upon the Kalends of 
+. Juno, Bacon, and Cakes made of Beans. Whence 
+thofe Kalends were called Fabarice . 
+
+The Goddefs A Tundina was fo called from f the ninth 
+1 Day of the Child’s Age, which was the Day of the Pu¬ 
+rification: In which the Name was given it, if it was 
+a Boy: If it was a Girl, this Ceremony was performed 
+on the eighth Day. . 
+
+Statilinus , or St at anus , who teaches Infants g to (land 
+. and walk 5 and pre.trves them from falling. 
+
+FabtdinuSy h who looked after them when they began 
+to fpeak. 
+
+Paventia was the Goddefs who 1 preferved them from 
+• Frights. 
+
+
+a Auguft. 1. 4. c. 8. b a potando. c ab edendo. d ab 
+
+offibus.. c a carne. Vide Macrob. Saturn. 1 . 1. c. 2. f a 
+
+nono die, qui fuit dies iuflricus. Vide Macrob. Feftum in 
+
+vocelullricus. s a flando. h a fando. 1 ab avertendo pa- 
+vore. r 
+
+
+U 
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+290 Qf the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+<>• 
+
+
+CHAP. VIII. 
+
+nd GoddeJTes prejiding 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Perfons. 
+
+O UR feveral AClions are fuppofed to be under the 
+Protection of divers Gods. 
+
+Juventus , or Juventas , proteCfs us in the Beginning 
+of our Youth* a when we have thrown off the ChiU'% 
+Coat . 
+
+Agenoria excites Men to b Aftion. 
+
+Strenua encourages us to c behave ourfelves Jlrmt* 
+oujly and bravely upon all Occafions. 
+
+Stimula eggs us on to extraordinary Actions. 
+
+Horta is the Goddefs, d who exhorts us to undertake 
+noble Enterprizes. Her Temple at Rome flood always 
+open : and fome call her Hora . 
+
+ghiies had her Temple without the City; and c was 
+fuppofed to be the Donor of Peace and Quietnefs. 
+Murcia renders Men f lazy* idle, and dull. 
+
+Adeona and Abcona protects us fo, that we have Power; 
+to go in and out in Safety. 
+
+Vibilia brings Wanderers into the Way again. 
+
+Vac unci proteds the Idle and Lazy. 
+
+FeJJonia recreates and refreflies the Weary. 
+
+The Goddefs Meditrina has her Name from s Heal- 
+ino*; and her Sacrifices were called Mediirinaba , in 
+which they drank new and old Wine inftead of Phy- 
+fick. 
+
+The Goddefs Vitula is fo called from b Leaping for 
+
+
+;1 
+
+
+
+
+I 
+
+
+
+a Auguft. 1 . 4. c. 11. b Idem, 1 . 4. c. 16. c Varro lib. ; 
+4. de Ling. Lat. d Plut. Qua:ft« Rom. 14. c Aug. 4. iy* 
+t murcidos reddit. Idem, ibid. & a medendo. Var. & Pc* : 
+ftus. h a vitulando, id eft, Iretitia gefliendo. 
+
+X 
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens^ zgi 
+
+Toy: She is the Goddefs of Mirth , which mitigates the 
+Toils of Life. 
+
+The Goddefs Volupia , from a Pleafure* for from het 
+
+V^e receive it. 
+
+Qrbona was worfhipped, that (he fhould not leave 
+
+Parents ^ definite of Children. 
+
+Pellcnia was thought to have great Power in d driving 
+
+away the Enemy . 
+
+JShimeria was worfhipped, that from her we might 
+learn d to caft Accompts. 
+
+Camosna was efteemed a Goddefs, that inclines In- 
+fants c to fing. 
+
+Sentia was worfhipped, that Children might imbibe 
+at firft juft and honourable f Sentiments. 
+
+Angerona was the Goddefs that removed the s An- 
+ouifiies of the Mind, or elfe was fo named from h the 
+Squinancy. When the Cattle of the Romans were al- 
+moft wholly deftroyed by this Difeafe, they offered Vows 
+to her, and flie removed the 1 Plague. 
+
+Heeres Mart la was one of the Companions of Mars , 
+2nd was worfhipped by thofe who obtained an Inheri¬ 
+tance. 
+
+State-, or Statna Mater , was worfhipped in the Foru?n t 
+that it fliould not be burnt, or fuffer Damage by fre¬ 
+quent Fires, which happened there in the Night. 
+
+The Goddefs Laverna was the ProtedTrefs of Thieves, 
+who, from her, were named Laverniones: They wor¬ 
+fhipped her, that their Defigns and Intrigues might be 
+fuccefsful: k Pier Image was a Plead without a Body. 
+
+The God Averruncus was thought to 1 repel and pre¬ 
+vent Misfortunes. 
+
+
+a 
+
+
+Confus fuggefted good 
+of Affairs. 
+
+
+Management 
+
+
+as 
+
+1 
+
+
+i 
+
+I 
+
+
+a A voluptate. b orbos liberis. c a pellcndis hofdbus. 
+a numerando. c a canendo. f a fentiendo Fefl*. Jul. 
+Mo deft, s ut pelleret angores animi. h ut arceret anginam. 
+Tell. id. ibid, k Scalig. in Fell. 1 ab averruncando, id 
+* eft, avertendg mala. 111 a confulendo. 
+
+IT 2 Catius 
+
+
+
+
+ut arceret anginam. 
+
+
+2 9 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+Catius made Men * circumfpe< 5 t, acute, and wife. 
+
+Valumnus and Volumna were fo named, becaufe, 
+through their Means, Men b were willing to follow 
+Things that are good. 
+
+Honor his , the God from whom they begged Honouru 
+Aius Locutius was worfhipped on this Gccafion: c A 
+certain common Soldier reported, that in the Night 
+he heard a Voice fay,. The Gauls are corning. Nobody 
+minded what he faid, becaufe he was a poor Fellow. 
+After the Gallick War, Camillas advifed the Romam to 
+expiate their Offence in neglecting this nocturnal Voice, 
+which forewarned them of the Gallick War, and the 
+enfuing Deftru£Hoiij thereupon a Temple was dedi¬ 
+cated in Via NoVa , to Aius Locutius,- 
+
+Among the / Ethiopians , or the AJfyrians , and Pcrfms> 
+Pcsna and Beneficium (Puniflmient and Favour) were 
+reckoned- in the Number of the Gods. For the former 
+was efteemed the Diftributer of Evil ; the other the 
+Difpenfer of good Things . 
+
+
+a Quod homines cautos redderet. b a volendo, quod e- 
+jus confilio bona vellent. c Aug 11 ft. 1 . 2. c. 21. Valer. 
+Maximus. 
+
+
+
+C H A P. IX- 
+
+The Gods affgned to the feveral Parts of Human 
+
+Bodies . 
+
+A Particular God was affigned and afcribed to every 
+
+Member of the Body of Man. 
+
+The Head was facred to d Jupiter , the Breaft to 
+Neptune , the Waift to Mars , the Forehead to Genius, 
+the Eye-brows to Juno 9 the Eyes to Cupid , the Ears to 
+
+
+d Servius in Georg, 
+
+
+Memom* 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 293 
+
+WUmoria, the Right-hand to Fzdes , the Back and the 
+hinder Parts to Pluto , the Reins to Vezius^ the Feet to 
+M& cur y* t * ie ^* nees to Mifericordia , the Ancles and 
+Soles of the Feet to Thetis , and the Fingers to Mi* 
+
+ncrva. 
+
+The Aftrologers affign the Parts of the Body to the 
+Cdcjlicil Conjlellations , in another Manner, thus : a The 
+Head they afiign to Aries , the .Neck to Taurus^ the 
+Shoulders to Gemini , the Heart to Cancer the Bread to 
+Ico^ the Belly to Virgo , the Reins to Libra , the Secrets 
+to Scorpio, the Thighs to Sagittarius , the Knees to Cd- 
+pricorn, the Legs to Aquarius , and the Feet to Pifces. 
+
+
+a Finnic. Sc Manilius apud Lil. Gyr. Synt. 1. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. X*. 
+
+A 
+
+'The Funeral God s. 
+
+H E Chief of the Funeral Deities is Libitina , 
+& whom fome account to be the fame as Venus , 
+fince her Name is derived b from Luft or Concupis¬ 
+cence; but others think that fhe was Proferpine . In 
+her Temple all Things neceffary for Funerals were 
+fold or Jet. Libitina fome times fignifies the Grave, 
+and Libitinami thofe Men who were employed in bu¬ 
+rying the Dead. Porta Libitina , at Rome , was that 
+Gate, through which the Dead Bodies were carried to 
+be burnt: And Rati ones Libitina? , in Suetonius , figni¬ 
+fies thofe Accounts which we call The Bills of Morta¬ 
+lity, or the Weekly Bills . 
+
+~ ' — - , , r^ r -■ - - - __ „ - _ 1 ■ -- ~ 
+
+b Ita didfa a libitu vel libidine. 
+
+
+
+P A R T 
+
+
+
+Of the Dii Xndigetes and Adfcripti- 
+tii, the Semi-Dei (Demi-Gods) 
+and Heroes. 
+
+
+
+^ H I S now is the laft Divifion of the 
+^ Fabulous Pantheon , in which you fee 
+
+^ exactly defcribed the Images of the 
+Indigetes or Semi-dei , and the Heroes . 
+I told you at firft who the Dii Adfcrip- 
+a n d the Indigetes were, and from 
+whence they were fo called. 
+
+The Semidei , ‘HuiSeoj, [Hemifheoi] were thofe who 
+had human Bodies, facred Minds, and celeftial Souls- 
+
+
+They were born in this World for the Good and Safe-? 
+ty of Mankind. a Labeo , in St. Augujline , diftinguifhes 
+them from the Heroes . He thinks that Heros was one 
+
+
+of ‘Juno's Sons, and that the Name Heros is derived 
+from *%<, [ Hera'] Juno' s Name iri the Greek Language, 
+b Others think the Word comes from [Era] 
+the Earth ; becaufe Mankind owe their Original to it, 
+c Others again think it comes from [Eras] Lovcy 
+for Heroes are themoft illuftrious Produdl of Love, and 
+
+
+a Lib. io. c. 21. b Interpr. HomeriapudLjl, Gyr, 
+
+v Synt. x. c Plat, in Cratylo. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 295 
+
+are tliemfelves, as Hierocles obferves, full of Love. 
+But others think that this Name is derived from 
+r jZreo] to plead, and is given them becaufe Heroes are 
+very elegant, and moft powerful, and fkilful in Rheto¬ 
+ric. Or, laftly, it is thought that the Word comes 
+from agfilis [Arete] Virtue; for Heroes are endued 
+with many Virtues. But let us fpeak particularly con¬ 
+cerning fome of thefe Heroes, of whom the moft fa¬ 
+mous was Hercules . 
+
+
+
+CHAP. I. 
+
+SECT. L Hercules. His Birth, 
+
+T HERE were many Hercules' s, but (as a Tully 
+fays) the famous Adlions of them all are aferib- 
+ed to him, who was the Son of 'Jupiter by Alcmena , the 
+Wife of Amphylrio, King of Thebes . 
+
+When Amphytrio was abfent, b Jupiter put on his 
+Shape and Drefs, and came to Alcmena who, thinking 
+that her Hufband was returned, entertained the deceit¬ 
+ful God both at Table and at Bed, and had by him a 
+Son, whofe Limbs were fo large, his Conftitution fo ro- 
+buft, and every Part of his Body fo full of Vigour, that 
+Jupiter was forced to join three Nights together, and 
+•employ them all in producing a Son of fuch marvel¬ 
+lous Strength. Before this Adultery, Alcmena had con¬ 
+ceived a Son by her Hufband. This Son a.nd Hercules 
+were Twins $ his Name was Iphiclus\ c he was won¬ 
+derful fwift in Running. 
+
+When Juno had difeovered Jupiter's Adultery, file 
+began to ha teHercules fo violently, that fhe endeavoured 
+
+a De Nat. Deorum, I. 2. • h Natalis Comes. Lil. Gyrald. 
+c N a 7n fit per ex tretnas fegetum cur re bat ariflas, 
+
+Nec feccos frufius Uedtbatfendereplants. Orph. in Hymn. 
+He over Branding Corn would run, and ne’er 
+In his fwift Motion bruife the tender Ear. 
+
+U 4 
+
+
+W ilh 
+
+
+Zg 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+with Might and Main to ruin him. Firft, fhe obtained 
+an Edidl from ] 'Jupiter , which fhe endeavoured to turn 
+to his utter DeftnuSlion ; for the Wife of Sthenelus Kino 
+of My cents was big with Eiirijlhcus at the fame Time 
+when Alcmena was big with Hercules. "Jupiter ordain¬ 
+ed, that whichfoever of the two Children was born 
+firft, he Should be Superior to the other : Juno accelera¬ 
+ted Etirijiheus's Birth, fo that he was born after Seven 
+Months, and came into the World before Hercules. 
+Again, he Sent two Vipers to deftroy him when he lay 
+crying in the Cradle : But it was in vain; for the vali¬ 
+ant Infant gtiped them in his Hands till they perilhed 
+by his Grafp, a as we are told by Ovid. b At length, by 
+the Mediation of Pallas , Juno was reconciled to the 
+noble Youth, and let him fuck her Breafts : But he fuck¬ 
+ed with fuch Violence that he hurt her Breafts ; where¬ 
+fore {he put him away, and fomeof her Milk was fpilt; 
+but it v/as not loft, for it fell upon the Sky, and made 
+the Milky Way , which is in Greek called r aha^ia [Ga- 
+laxia.~] Some of it pafled through the Clouds, and fell 
+on the Earth, and where it fell Lillies fprangup; from 
+whence fome call thofe Flowers c the Rofes of Juno. 
+
+
+a T'ene ferunt geminos prcjpjjh tcnaciter ungues. 
+
+Cum t ever in cunts jam Jove dr gnus eras P Ov. Epili, 
+
+You kill'd two Serpents with your infant-hand. 
+
+Which then deferv’J Javt ?s Sceptre to command. 
+fr'Eumolph. 1. de Mylteriis. c Rofe Junonke. Lil. Gyr. 
+
+
+SECT. II. Names of> Hercules. 
+
+
+E had two proper Names, Hercules and Abides*, 
+but his Surnames are innumerable. His Parents 
+called him a Alcides , from his extraordinary Strength; 
+becaufe he greatly excelled all Mankind in Strength. 
+
+
+
+a Ab robur. 
+
+
+Ho 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 297 
+
+He was afterwards called Hercules , a from the Glory 
+which ‘Juno caufed him. For her Hatred and Unkind- 
+nefs towards him was the great Means of the Increafc 
+of his Glory: For, when {lie expo fed him to the great- 
+eft Dangers, fhe made his Glory and Honour mofl il- 
+Jiiflrious, and,'by enjoining him fo many Labours, Hie 
+only excrcifed his Patience and Courage. 
+
+The Surnames I chufe rather to omit, becaufe it is 
+plain, that he derived them either from the Places where 
+his mighty Feats were done, or from the Actions that 
+he performed with Applaufe and Honourj which, I 
+will carefully and difbimStly recount: They are called 
+Hercules's Labours-, fo great was the Pains, and fo infL 
+nite the Toil of them. 
+
+
+a Juno Grace dicilur gloria, undo nomen 
+
+Hercules. 
+
+
+SECT. III. Labours Hercules. 
+
+TjErcules was fubjedled to Eurijlheus , not only by the 
+Edi£t "of Jupiter^ and Unkindnefs of Juno* but 
+befides, the Oracle of Apollo at Delpbos advifed and per- 
+fuaded him to fubmit himfelf, and obey Eurijlheus's 
+Commands j and efpecially to undergo willingly the 
+twelve Labours which his Matter fhould lay upon 
+him. Hercules obeyed the Fates , and ferved Eurijlheus 
+twelve Years 5 and peiformed the moft dangerous and 
+difficult Commands with a fuitable Courage and Sue- 
+cefs. Some fay, that Hercules ferved him voluntarily, 
+and performed thefe difficult Tafks, to fhew how great 
+Love he bore Eurijlheus . Though Heracles performed 
+an infinite Number of memorable Actions, twelve are 
+efpecially celebrated : And thofe twelve are comprized 
+in as mapy a Latin Verfes, tranflated out of the Greek. 
+
+The 
+
+
+,l Pnma Clconei lolerata terumna Leant j. 
+
+Pioxima Lern&amferro & face cant adit Hj drain. 
+
+
+
+£9 8 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+The particular Account of thefe twelve is this. 
+
+I. He tore in Pieces* with his Nails, a the Lion in 
+the Wood of IScmaea^ which fome fay fell from the 
+Orb of the Moon , and was invulnerable by any Wea¬ 
+pon. This Place was alfo named Cleone , from whence 
+the Lion was alfo called Cleoneus. This was the firft 
+Labour of Hercules . He fkinned the Lion, and with 
+die Skin be made him a Shield and Breaft-plate. 
+
+XL There was a Hydra , a Serpent , in the Lake 
+Lerna> in the Field of Argos , that had feven Heads; 
+foine fay nine, others fifty. When any of thefe 
+Heads were cut off, another prefently fprang up in 
+the Place of it \ unlefs the Blood which iffued from 
+the "Wound was flopped by Fire. Iolaus y the Son of 
+IphzchiSj procured for him lighted Brands from the 
+
+
+TAox Erymantbeum vis ter tin percidit Apr tun . 
+
+HLripidis quarto tulit a are a cornua cervi, 
+
+Stympbalidas pep id: t volucres diferimine quinta ® 
+
+S ’krciciam fexto Jpclia-vit Amazon a Baltheo . 
+
+Sep lima in Auger? Jlahulis ii/ipenfa labor is, 
+
+Qfiava expidfo numeratin' adore a dlauro. 
+
+In [Homed is <vifior jam non a quadrigis. 
+fiery one ext ini? o dec imam dat Iberia palm am, 
+
+Undecimum mala Hejperi dim: diflratta triumph urn, 
+
+Cerberus extremi j'nprcma cj} met a labor is, 
+
+- The Cl coni an Lion firfl he kills. 
+
+With Fire and Sword then Lernad s Peft he quells. 
+
+Of the wild Soar he clears th* Er’mantbean Fields, 
+
+The Brafs-foot Stag with golden Antlers yields. 
+
+He Stympka clears of Man-devouring Birds, 
+
+And next the bouncing Amazon ungirds : 
+
+The Stables of King A age as he cleans. 
+
+The Cretan Bull he vanquifties and chains: 
+
+Diomede’s Horfes him their Conqu’ror own. 
+
+Then he brings low three-headed Geryont, 
+jdejperi an Apples next his Name advance. 
+
+And his I a ft Labour Cerberus unchains? 
+r Euripid. in Hercule fnfaru 
+
+neigh- 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 290 
+
+
+neighbouring Wood, and with them Hercules ftanched 
+the Blood ifluing from the Wounds he made. This 
+foifonable Afliftance was not forgotten j for, when 
+Jolaus was grown to decrepid Age, Hercules ,by his 
+Prayers, reftored to him his Youth again. 
+
+III. He bound the wild Boar, whofe Fiercenefs and 
+gignefs were equally admirable, in the Mountain Ery- 
+manthus of Arcadia \ and afterwards brought it to Eh- 
+
+rjjlhcus. 
+
+IV. He was ordered to bring to My cents an Hind, 
+whofe Feet were Brafs, and Horns Gold. No-body 
+dared to wound her, becaufe {lie was confecrated to 
+Diana ; nor could any body out-run her: Yet Her¬ 
+cules hunted her a Year on Foot, and catched her, and 
+brought her away on his Shoulders. 
+
+V. Pie partly killed, and partly drove away the Birds 
+called Stymphalides , from the Lake Stymphahis ^ which 
+ufed to feed upon Man’s Flefh. 
+
+VI. Pic defeated the Army of the A?nazons , and took 
+from Hippolyte , their Queen, the fin eft Belt in the 
+World. 
+
+
+VII. He in one Day cleanfed the Stable of Augeas^ 
+by turning the Courfe of a River into it. This Stable 
+had never been cleanfed, although three thou land 
+Oxen {tabled in it thirty Years. Whence, when we 
+would exprefs a Work of immenfe Labour and Toil, 
+in proverbial Speech, we call it Clcaiying the Stable of 
+Augeas. 
+
+VIII. He tamed a great Bull, that did innumerable 
+Mifchiefs to the Ifland Crete , and brought him bound 
+to Eurijlhcus . 
+
+IX. He overcame Diomedes , the moft cruel Tyrant 
+of Thrace 3 who fed his Horfes with the Flefh of his 
+Gueffs. Hercules bound him, and threw him to be 
+eaten by thofe Horfes to which the Tyrant expofed 
+others. 
+
+
+Ovid. Me tarn. 1, 9 , 
+
+
+X. He 
+
+
+30a Of the Gods of the Heathens «, 
+
+X. He overcame in War Geryon King of Spain^ who 
+had three Bodies : We law him before in Hell. He 
+took like wife his Bay Oxen, who ate Man’s Flefh 
+and brought them into Italy^ when he had killed th e 
+Dragon with feven Heads, and the two-headed Dog, 
+who guarded them. 
+
+XI. He killed the Dragon who watched, and then 
+carried away the Golden ylpplcs in the Gardens of the 
+Hefperides $ from whence perhaps he is called a Me- 
+Hus, and Apples were offered up in his Sacrifices. 
+"When in Bccoiia no Bull (or Sheep) could be procured 
+at the Time of Sacrifice, they took an Apple, and 
+ftruck into it four Straws, which reprefen ted four Legs, 
+and two others Lnffead of Horns, and again another for 
+a Tail,, and offered Hercules this Apple inffead of a 
+
+Viclim. 
+
+XII- Laftly, he was commanded by Eurijlhcus to 
+go down into Hell, and bring away from thence the 
+Dog Cerberus. This he performed without Delay, and 
+bound the Lhree-headed A/Joii/ler in a triple Chain ; and 
+by Force brought with him up to the Earth the Dog, 
+who ftrove and refilled in vain. When Cerberus faw 
+the Light, he vomited, and from thence the poifonous 
+Herb 5 Woof's Bane fprang. Thefe are the Hvclvc La¬ 
+bours of Hercules. 
+
+P. Fray, Sir, let me a little interrupt you now, fince 
+I have been filent fo long. Pray fir ft fatisfy thefe two 
+Scruples. 'Why could not Juno , his Enemy, hinder 
+his Birth ? Secondly* 1 know that many mention more 
+than twelve Labours of Hercules * 
+
+At. What you call an Interruption, P alceophilus^ is 
+both feafonable and acceptable to me j becaufe it recalls 
+a Thing to my Memory that I had forgot, and gives me 
+an Occaiionof mentioning fomething which ought not 
+to be omitted : Know, therefore, that "Juno defigned 
+to kill him in his Mother’s Womb, or elfe deftroy him 
+
+a Mvjagp Grace fignificat malum vel pomum. b Aco- 
+
+nit urn „ 
+
+* • 
+
+
+dm me- 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . .301 
+
+immediately after bis Birth ; and, to perform it, con¬ 
+trived a Plot: But Alc?nena\ Servant, Galanthis , .pre¬ 
+vented it; for fhe cheated Juno? and told her, that Ale- 
+mena had brought forth a Son. Juno believed her, and* 
+thinking that her Contrivances were ineffectual, fhe 
+deftfted i and then Alcmcna brought forth Hercules 9 
+without Trouble. But the Deceit of Galanthis was 
+punifhed ; for the was turned into a a Weafel; and, be- 
+caufe Galanthis offended by her Mouth, therefore the 
+Weafel brings forth her Young at her Mouth, with 
+great Pain and Anguifh. 
+
+As for the Labours of Hercules , I confefs, that they 
+were more than twelve (though thefe principally were 
+called Hercules 9 s Labours.) If you pleafe, we will con¬ 
+tinue our Account of him thus. 
+
+XIII. Pie vanquiihed the enormous Giant Antaeus? 
+the Son of the Earth, who was above fixty-four-Cu¬ 
+bits high. He was barbarous to all Strangers, for he 
+forced them to wreftle with him, and then choaked 
+them. Hercules threw this Giant down thrice, and 
+perceived that he recovered new Strength as oft as he 
+touched the Earth ; wherefore he lifted him in his Anns 
+from the Ground, and pinched and fqueezed him till 
+he burft and died. 
+
+XIV. Bufiris the Tyrant ufed to facrifice all the 
+Strangers, which he caught, to his Father Neptune , 
+till Hercules facrificed both him and his Son upon the 
+fame Altar. 
+
+XV. Pie killed the Giants, Albion and Bergion , who 
+intended to flop his Journey : And when, in the Fight, 
+his Arrows were confirmed, fo that he wanted Arms, 
+b he prayed to Jupiter? and obtained from him a Shower 
+of Stones, with which he defeated and put to Flight 
+his Adverfaries. This, they fay, happened in that 
+Part of France , c which was anciently called Gallia Nar - 
+bonenjis > which Place is called fi the Stony Plain . 
+
+il Muftela. Grsece yaXlv dicitur. b Cato in Orig. c iVle- 
+la, 1. 26 ...Georg. d Campus Lapideus. 
+
+
+XV L When 
+
+
+
+302. Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+XVI. When Atlas was Weary of his Burden, Herat- 
+les took the Heavens upon his own Shoulders. 
+
+XVII. He overcame the Robber Cacus , who fpi t 
+
+Fire; and Rrangled him. 
+
+XVIII. He fhot the Eagle that devoured the Liver 
+
+of Prometheus., as he lay chained to the Rock. 
+
+XIX. He flew Theodamas , the Father of Hylas, be- 
+caufe he denied to give him Victuals : But he took 
+Hylas with him, and was very kind to him. 
+
+XX. He delivered :t Hefione , Daughter of Laomeikn , 
+King of Troy, from the Whale (to which Sea-Mon- 
+fter ftie was expofed) in this Manner : He raifed on a 
+fudden a Bank in the Place where Hefione was to be 
+devoured, and ^ Rood armed before it , and when the 
+Whale came feeking his Prey, Hercules leaped into his 
+Mouth, and. Aiding down into his Belly, he fpent three 
+Days in tearing the Monfler’s Belly ; but at length he 
+bur 1 1 through fafe, and loR his Hair. Laomcdon , after 
+this, broke his Word, and refufed to give Hercules the 
+Reward he promifed; wherefore, he took by loice, 
+and pillaged the City of Troy, giving to Telamon , who 
+firR mounted the Wall, the Lady Hefione, as aPart 
+
+of the Booty. 
+
+XXL He overcame Achelons , the Son of Oceania and 
+Terra (they fought for Deianira , who was betrothed to 
+them bothj though Achelons firR turned himfelfinto 
+a Serpent, then into a Bull: For, plucking one of his 
+Horns oR', he obliged him to yield. Achelous pur- 
+chafed his Horn again, giving Amalthea's Horn in its 
+Stead. The Meaning whereof is this Achelous is a 
+River of Greece , whole Courfe winds like a Seipent; 
+its Stream is fo rapid, that it makes Furrows where it 
+flows, and a Noife like the Roaring of a Bull (and 
+indeed it is common, among the Poets, to compare a 
+River to a Bull.) This River divided itfelf into two 
+
+
+s Ovid. Metam. 11. f Andraetus Tenedi in Navig. Prop. 
+
+Streams, 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 303 
+
+Streams, but Hercules with Banks forced it into one 
+Channel, u e . he broke oft one of the Horns or Streams. 
+The Lands thus drained became fertile ; fo that Hercu¬ 
+les is faid to have received the Horn of Plenty. 
+
+XXII. Deianira was Daughter of Oeneus , King of 
+JEtolia: Hercules carried her to be married, and they 
+were flopped by a River : But the Centaur NeJJ'us prol- 
+fered to carry Deianira over upon his Back. NeJJus , 
+when {he was over, endeavoured to ravifh her ; which 
+Hercules obfervlng while he fwam, fhot him with an 
+Arrow. When NeJJus was dying, he gave Deianira 
+his bloody Coat, and told her, if a Hufband wore that 
+Coat, he would never follow unlawful Amours. The 
+credulous Lady long after experimented the Virtue of 
+it, far otherwise than fhe expedhed : For Herczdes 0 who 
+had furmounted fo many and fo great Labours, was at 
+length overcome by the Charms of Omphale Queen of 
+Lydia: He ferved her, and changed his Club into a 
+Diftaff, and his Arrows into a Spindle. His Love alfo 
+to hie. Daughter of Eurytus^ King of Oechalia , brought 
+on him Deftrudlion. For his Wife Deianira , being 
+defirous of turning him from unlawful Amours, Pent 
+him Nejfus's Coat to put on when he went to facrifice ; 
+which drove him into fuch Diffraction, that he burned 
+himfelf on the Pile he had raifed, and was accounted 
+among the Number of the Gods. 
+
+
+CHAP. II. 
+
+Jason. 
+
+J ASON > Son of Mfon , King of TheJJalia and Aid- 
+mede , was an Infant when his Father died, fo that 
+his Uncle Pclzas adminiftered the Government. When 
+he came to Age, he demanded Poflcflion of the Crown : 
+Bu tPelias advifed him to go to Colchis , under Pretence 
+
+of 
+
+
+
+304 Qf the Gods of the Heathens'. 
+
+of gaining the Golden Fleece thence, hut indeed to kj'JJ 
+him with the Labour and Danger of the Journey. 
+
+P. What Golden Fleece was that ? 
+
+M. It was the Hide of a Ra?n, of a white or a purple 
+Colour, which was given to Phryxus , Son of At ha- 
+mas and Ntpbcle , by his Mother. Phryxus and his Sif¬ 
+ter Idcllc , fearing the Deflgns of their Step-Mother Ino , 
+.got on tliis to fave themfelves by Flight. But, 
+
+while they fwam over the narrowefl Part o {Panins, 
+FIclle , affrighted at theTofiingof the Waves, fell down; 
+whence the Sea was named the Hellefpont. Phryxus 
+was carried over fafe, and went to /Eta , King of Col - 
+o6/7, a Country of near the Pont us ^ where he was 
+kindly received, and facrificed the Ram to Jupiter, or 
+Mars , who afterwards placed -it among the Conftella- 
+tions. Only his Hide or Fleece was hung up in a Grove 
+facred to Mars. It was called the Golden Fleece , be- 
+caufe it was of a Golden Colour, and guarded by Bulls, 
+that breathed Fire from their Noftrils, and by a vaft 
+and watchful Dragon, as a facred and Divine Pledge, 
+and as a Thing of the greateft Importance. 
+
+P. Did Jafon carry away that Fleece ? 
+did. Yes. He went on board a Ship called Argo , from 
+the Builder of that Name ; and, chuflng forty-nine noble 
+Companions, who, from the Ship, were called Argonau - 
+ice , (among whom were Orpheus , CaJlor and 
+
+Pollux) in his Voyage he vifited Hypftphile, Queen of 
+Lemnos , who had Twins by him. Then, after a long 
+Voyage, and many Dangers, he arrived at Colchis , and 
+demanded the Golden Fleece of King /Eta, who granted 
+his Requefl:, on Condition that he tamed the Bulls that 
+guarded it, whofe Feet were of Brafs, and who breathed 
+Fire; and killed the Dragon, and fowed his Teeth in 
+the Ground ; and, laftiy, deftroyed the Soldiers, which 
+fprungfrom the Ground where thefe Teeth were {own. 
+jafon undertook the Thing on thefe Conditions, and 
+was delivered from rnanifeltDeftrucSHon, by the Affift- 
+ance of Medea , the King’s Daughter, who was in Love 
+
+with 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 30^ 
+
+wi tli him. For, obferving her Directions, he over¬ 
+came the Bulls, laid the Dragon afleep, carried away 
+the Fleece , and fled by Night, carying Medea with him 5 
+w hom he after married. 
+
+jp. What did King /Eta do then ? 
+
+He purfued them \ but Medea , to flop his Pur- 
+fuit, tore her Brother Ahfyrtus (who went with her) in 
+Pieces, and /battered his Limbs on the Road. When 
+her Father faw the torn Members of his Son, he flop¬ 
+ped to gather them up: So Jafon and the Argonauts 
+returned to their own Country, where Medea by her 
+Charms reftored Jafon ’s Father, the old decrepid /fi- 
+fou , to Youth again; though fome fay that /Efon died 
+before their Return. The Daughters of Pelias were 
+affected fo by this miraculous Cure, that (defiring that 
+their Father might receive the like Benefit) they were 
+cafily induced, through miflaken Duty, and unfkilfui 
+Kindnefs, to tear their Father in Pieces ; foolifhly and 
+ridiculoufly hoping that he, like AEfan^ would become 
+young again. After this Jafon hated Medea , and di¬ 
+vorcing himfelf from her, he married Creufa , the Daugh¬ 
+ter of Creoiiy King o £ Corinth: And Medea , to revenge 
+his Perfidioufnefs, not only murdered the two Chil¬ 
+dren, that flie had by him, in his own Sight; but in 
+the next Place, inclofing Fire in a little Box, file fent 
+it to Creufa , who opened the Box, and by the Fire, 
+which burfl out of it, was burnt, together with the 
+whole Court. After fhe had done this, the admirable 
+Sorcerefs flew by Magic Art to Athens . Some write, 
+that fhe was again reconciled to Jafon . But what has 
+been faid is enough for this Heroes let us proceed to 
+another. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+
+306 Of the Gods of the Heathens v 
+
+
+CHAP. Ill 
+
+
+T H E S E U S. 
+
+P. H O were the Parents of < Tbefeus ? 
+
+V / AA ALih'ra was his Mother, and /Egem- 
+King of Athens his Father. Minos King of Crete made 
+War againft JEgeus> becaufe the Athenians had difho- 
+nourably and barbaroufiy killed his Son, who carried 
+the Prize in the Games from them all• When he had 
+banifiled the Athenians , he impofed this fevere Condi¬ 
+tion upon them, that they fhould fend feven of the 
+niclt noble Youths of their Country into Crete by Lot 
+every Year. In the fourth Year the Lot fell upon 
+* Thefetts , which mightily grieved and troubled his Fa¬ 
+ther fEgens . !The feus went on board a Ship, whofe Sails 
+
+and Tackle were hl3ck, and received this Command 
+from his Father: If by the propitious Providence of 
+Heaven he efcaped the Dangers, and did return fare 
+unto his own Country again, that then he fhould 
+change his black Sails, into vj'hite ones, that his Father, 
+being affured of his Safety by that Signal, might be 
+ienfible of that H'appinefs as foon as might be. 
+
+_P. And what was the Event of that Voyage? 
+
+1 A. The .Event was fortunate to - < Tbefeus \ but very 
+unfortunate to his Father JEgeus: For, when Hhe fens 
+came to Crete , he was ihut up in the Labyrinth ; but 
+he flew the Minotaur , and efcaped out of that inextri¬ 
+cable Prifon by the Help of Ariadne . After this he fet 
+Sail for Athens in the fame mournful Ship in which he 
+came to Crcte^ but forgot to change his Sails, accord¬ 
+ing to the Inflru&ions which his Father had given him 5 
+fo that, when his Father beheld from a Watch-Tower 
+the Ship returning with black Sails, he imagined that 
+
+his Son was dead, and cafl: himfelf head long into the 
+
+Sea, 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens 0 307 
+
+Sea, which was afterwards called a the JEgean Sea, 
+from his Name and Deftiny. 
+p m Who was that Ariadne ? 
+
+M* She was the Daughter of Minos? King of Crete . 
+She was violently in Love with Thefeus ^ and delivered 
+him b out of the Labyrinth by the Means of a Thread. 
+She followed him in his Return to the Ifland of I\ T ax::s y 
+and there Thefeus perfidioufly and ungratefully left her. 
+But Bacchus pitied her miferable Condition, and mar¬ 
+ried hers and gave her a Grovm that was illuminated 
+with feven Stars, which he had before received from 
+Venus . This Crown was called Gnojjia Corona , and 
+Ariadne herfelf was furnamed Gnoffis , from the City of 
+that Name in Crete. After the Death of Ariadne , the 
+fame was carried among the Stars, and made a Con- 
+ftellation in the Heavens. It was thought that Diana 
+caufed the Death of Ariadne , becaufe fhc preferred not 
+her Virginity. 
+
+P . What great Adfioiis did Thefeus perform ? 
+
+M. His Actions were fo famous, that they account¬ 
+ed him one of the Hercules’ s. For, r. Fie killed the 
+Minotaur . 2. He overcame the Centaurs. 3. He van- 
+
+qui(lied the Thebans. 4. He defeated the Amazons. 5. 
+He went down into Hell s and returned back into the 
+World again. 
+
+P. Why did he go down into Hell ? 
+
+M . He and Pirithous , his moft intimate Friend, the 
+lawful Son of Ixion , which he had by his Wife, agreed 
+never to marry any Woman except "Jupiter's Daugh¬ 
+ters. Thefeus married Helena , the Daughter of Jupi¬ 
+ter and Lcda , and none of Jupiter’s Daughters remain¬ 
+ed on Earth for Pirithous ; wherefore they both went 
+down into Hell to Real Proferpine away from her Huf- 
+band Pluto. As foon as they entered Hell, Pirithous 
+was unfortunately torn in Pieces by the Dog Cerberus , 
+
+
+a kEgeum mare. 
+
+
+h Propert. I 3. Eleg 
+
+X 2 
+
+
+
+
+308 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+But 7 'hcfcus came alive into the Palace of Pluto , who 
+fettered him, and kept him till Pier cities was fent into 
+Kell by Eurijlbeus to re feu e him. 
+
+P. And who were thofe Amazons that you mention¬ 
+ed juft now r 
+
+lid. They were Women animated with the Souls and 
+Bravery of Menj a military Race, inhabiting thatPart 
+of Scythia , which is wafhed by the River Tanais. They 
+were called Amazons , a either becaufe they cutoff one 
+of their Breafts, or b becaufe they lived together with¬ 
+out the Society of Men. They were a Nation of Wo¬ 
+men ; who, that the Country might have Inhabitants, 
+and not be depopulated when the prefent Race of Wo¬ 
+men died, admitted the Embraces of the neighbouring 
+Aden, and had Children by them : They killed the Boys 
+at their Birth, but brought up the Girls : They cutoff 
+their right Breaft, that they might more conveniently 
+ufe their Hands in (hooting their Arrows, and brandifti- 
+ing their Weapons againft their Enemy. Thefe female 
+Warriors, by their frequent Excurfions, became Pof- 
+feffors of a great Part of Afw^ when Hercules , accom¬ 
+panied with The feus, made "War upon them, and de¬ 
+feated them ; and, taking Hyppolyte their Queen Pri- 
+foner, gave her in Marriage to Tbefeus . 
+
+' Tbefeus had by Hyppolyte his Son Hyppolytus , who was 
+very beautiful, and mightily addidfted to Hunting, and 
+a remarkable Lover of Chajliiy : For, when c Phecdra , 
+his Step-Mother (the Daughter of King Minos, whom 
+Tbefeushat] preferred to her Sifter Ariadne) follicited him 
+to commit Wickednefs, when he was grown a Man, 
+he refufed to comply. This Repulfe provoked her fo 
+much, that, when her Hufband returned, (lie accufed 
+him wrongfully, as if he had offered to ravifh her. 
+"Thefeus gives Ear to this wic ked Woman, and believes 
+her Untruth againft his Son Hyppolytus , who perceiving 
+
+
+:1 Ab cc privative id pulps mamma. b 
+viverc. c Ovid, in Ep. Phsedr. 
+
+I 
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+Of t&e Godsqf the Heat hens. jog 
+
+it, fled away in his Chariot. In his Flight he met fe- 
+veral monftrous Sea-Calves, which frighted his Horfcs 
+fo that they threw him out of his Seat, his Feet were 
+entangled in the Harnefs, and he was dragged through 
+the Thicketsofa Wood, and torn to Pieces miferably. 
+Mfculapius afterwards, at the Requeft of Diana , re~ 
+ftored him to Life again. But he however left Greece , 
+and came into Italy , where changing his Name, he 
+called him felt Virbtus , a becaufe he had been a Man twice. 
+Pheedra was gnawn with the Stings of her own Con- 
+fcience, and hanged herfelf. And, not long after, Pbe- 
+feus , being banifhed from his Country, ended an illus¬ 
+trious Life with an obfeure Death. 
+
+
+a Qnod vir bis effet. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. IV. 
+
+Cast or and Pollux. 
+
+P. WHO are thofe two handfome, beautiful, 
+W young Men that ride upon white Horfes ? 
+
+M. They are Twin Brothers, a the Sons of Jupiter 
+apd Led a ; their Names are Gajlor and Pollux . 
+
+P. What Lcda was that ? 
+
+M. The Wife of Tyndarus King of Laconia , whom 
+Jupiter loved, but could not fucceed in his Amour till 
+he changed himfelf into a Swan ; b which Swan was 
+afterwards made a Conftcllation. In this Form he 
+gained the mutual Love of Leda , by the Swcctnefs of his 
+Singing; and Hying into her Bofom, as it were, thathe 
+might fecure himfelf from the Violence of an Eagle, 
+which purfued him, he enjoyed her, though flic was 
+then big with Child by her Hufband. Leda brought 
+
+
+x 3 
+
+
+a Pind. in Pydiag. 
+
+
+b Manib i. AHron. 
+
+
+forth 
+
+
+
+3 IO 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens, 
+
+
+forth two Eggs which were hatched, and produced the 
+Twin-Brothers which you fee. 
+
+P. You mean, that one came out of one Egg, and 
+the other out of the other E<r<r. 
+
+
+<4 
+
+V\ 
+
+
+J 14 « No; out of the Egg which Letla had conceived 
+by Jupiter, came Pollux and Helena , who fprang from 
+divine Seed, and were therefore immortal. But out of 
+the other, which file conceived by Pyndarus her Huf- 
+band, * came Caflor and Clytenincjlra, who were mortal, 
+becaufe they were begotten by a mortal Father. Yet 
+both Caflor and Pollux are frequently called Pyndarlded 
+by the roets, as Helena is alfo called Pyndaris , from the 
+fame King Pyndarus. 
+
+P . What memorable Adfions did Caflor and Pollu 
+do ? 
+
+]\ 4 . They both accompanied Jafoii, when he failed to 
+■Colchis> and, when he returned from thence, recover¬ 
+ed their Sifter Helena from Phefeus^^Aio had ftolen her, 
+by overcoming the Athenians that fought for him, to 
+whom their Clemency and Humanity was fo great af¬ 
+ter the Defeat, that the Athenians called them b the Sons 
+of Jupiter ; from whence zvhite La?nbs were offered up¬ 
+on their Altars. 
+
+c But although they were born both at the fame 
+Birth, and, as fome think, out of the fame Egg, yet 
+their Tempers were different. 
+
+P . What End had they ? 
+
+M. Cajlor , being (as fome fay) a mortal Perfon, was 
+killed by Lynceus : Whereupon Pollux prayed to Jupi¬ 
+ter to reftore him to Life again, and confer an hmnorta- 
+lity upon him; But this could not be granted. How- 
+
+
+a i Hor. Sat. b Ado-trepoi, id eft, Jovis iilii, Horn, in 
+
+Hymn, 
+
+c Cajlor gaudet equis: Ovo prognatus eodem , 
+
+Pugnzs ; quot capitu?n <vi e vu?il 9 to/idem in Jludiormn 
+M2 Hi a. 
+
+As many Men, fo many their Delights. 
+
+
+
+■Of the Gods of the Heathens. 3 11 
+
+ever, he obtained Leave to divide his Immortality be¬ 
+twixt himfelf and his Brother Cajlor . And thence it 
+came to pais, ;t lliat they lived afterwards by 'Turns e- 
+' r very other Day, or, as others fay, every other Fort¬ 
+night. After the Death of Cajlor , a Kind of Pyrrhick, 
+or Da?ice in Armour, was -inftituted to his Honour; 
+which was performed by young Men armed, and cal¬ 
+led b CaJloPs Dance . 
+
+At length they both were tranflated into the Hea¬ 
+vens, and made a Conftcllation, which is ftill called 
+Gemini and when one of them rifes, the other fets. 
+Sailors efteem thefe Stars lucky and profperous to them, 
+c becaufe when the Argonauts were driven by a vio¬ 
+lent Tempeft, two lambent Flames fettled upon the 
+Heads of Cajlor and Pollux, and a Calm immediately 
+enfued ; and from thence a Virtue more than human 
+was thought to be lodged in thefe Youths : But, if 
+only one Flame appeared, they called it Helena , and it 
+was efteemed fatal and deftrucSHve to Mariners. 
+
+There was a famous Temple dedicated to Cajlor and 
+Pollux in the Forura at Rome ; for it was believed, that, 
+in the dangerous Battle of the Romans with the Latins , 
+they alHfted the Romans, riding upon white Hor-fes. 
+
+From hence came that Form of fwearing by the 
+Temple of Cajlor, which Women only ufed, faying, 
+d Mcajlor, whereas, when Men fwore, they ufually 
+•{wore by Hercules, ufing the Words, c Hercule, Herclc , 
+■Hercules, JWebercules, Artshercule* But both Men and 
+
+
+Vir<r. ^En. 6, 
+
+
+t 
+
+:l Sic fratrem Pollux ciltenia morte redemit 
+ltque reditque <viam. 
+
+Thus Pollux, offering his alternate Life, 
+
+Could free his Brother. They did daily go 
+By Turns aloft, by Turns defeend below. 
+b Plin. 1. 7. c. 5. 7. np. Nat. Com. c Hor. 1 . 3. Carrru 
+Realtor, & ^Edepo], id eft, per aedem Caftoris & Pollucis. 
+c Pafftm apudTerent. Plaut. Cicer. 
+
+X 4 
+
+
+Wo- 
+
+
+
+312 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+“Women fwore by the 'Temple of Pollux^ uflng the 
+•Word Mdepol , an Oath common to them both. 
+
+P . But what became of Clytemnejira ? 
+
+M. Clytemnejira was married to Agamemnon , whom, 
+after his Return from the Siege of Troy^ fhe killed, by 
+the Help of JEgjihusy (with whom in the mean Time 
+ilie lived in Adultery;) fhe attempted a] fo to kill his 
+Son Orejles , which fhe had done, a if his Sifter EleSira 
+had not delivered him at the very Point of Deft ruff ion, 
+fending him privately to Stropbius King of Pbocis ; 
+where, after he had lived twelve Years, he had returned 
+into his own Country, and flew both Clytemnejira and 
+JEglflkus. He killed alfo Pyrrhus in the Temple of 
+■Apollo ; becaufe he had carried av/ay Her intone^ the 
+Daughter of Mercians , who was firft betrothed to 0 - 
+rcjles . Wherefore the Furies tormented him, neither 
+could he obtain Deliverance from them, till he had 
+.expiated his Wickednefs at the Altar of Diana Taurica , 
+whither he was conduced by Pylades his Friend, his 
+' perpetual Companion, and his Partner in all his Dan¬ 
+gers ; b whole Friend (hip was fo clofe and fa.cred, that 
+either of them would die for the other. 
+pi "Who was that Diana Taurica f 
+JA* The Goddefs Diana , that was worfhipped in 
+5 Taurica Cherfonefus or Cberroncfus , a Peninfula fo called 
+from the Tauri , an ancient People of Scythia Eurcpaa . 
+c This Goddefs was worfhipped with human Viftitns, 
+the Lives and the Blood of Men .were facrificed to 
+her. When Orejles came thither, Iphigenia his Sifter, 
+the Daughter of Agamemnon , was Prieftcfs to Diana 
+Taurica ^ .fhe was made Pricftefs on the following Oo 
+canon. 
+
+Agamemnon , King of the Argivi^ was, by the com¬ 
+mon Confent of the Grecians , appointed General in 
+
+
+a SofTool. in Ele<ftr. Euripid. in Orefl. 
+amicitiso c Euripid. in Jphig. in Taur. 
+
+
+*? Cicero de 
+
+
+their 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+3 X 3 
+
+
+their Expedition againft Troy• and, as I laid before, af¬ 
+ter the War was ended, and / roy taken, was killed when 
+he returned home by his own Wife Clyienvvjira. This 
+Agametnnon killed a Deer by Chace, in the Country of 
+/lulls , which belonged to Diana ; the Goddefs was an¬ 
+gry, and caufed fuch a Calm, that for Want of Wind 
+the Grecian Ships bound for Troy were fixed and im¬ 
+moveable : Hereupon they confulted the Soothfa\ cts, 
+who anfwered, a that they muft fatisfy the Winds, and 
+Diana , with fome of the Blood of Agamemnon. Where- 
+fore Ulyjfts was forthwith font to bring away Iphigcnia 
+the Daughter of Agamemnon from her Mother, by a 
+Trick, under the Pretence of marrying her to Achilles . 
+And whilft the young Lady flood at the Altar to be fa- 
+crificed, the Goddefs pitied her, and fubftituted a Hind 
+in her Stead, and fent her into Tawica Ghcrfomfus ; 
+where, by the Order of King Tbyas, fhe prefilled over 
+thofe Sacrifices of the Goddefs, which were folemnized 
+with human Blood . And, when Orcfles was brought 
+thither by the Inhabitants to be facrificcd, he was 
+known and preferved by his Sifter. After which Thy as 
+was killed, and the Image of Diana^ which lay hid a- 
+mongft a Bundle of Sticks , was carried away ; and from 
+hence Diana was called Fafcells , from Fajlis , a Bundle. 
+
+
+Eurip. in Jpbig. in Taur. 
+
+
+CHAP. V. 
+
+Perseus. 
+
+P Erf ms was the Son of Jupiter , by Dan ae , the 
+Daughter of Acrifus , 15 who was fhut by her 
+
+Father in a very ftrong Tower, where no Man could 
+
+* 
+
+b Pan fan. in Corinth. 
+
+
+come 
+
+
+
+3 T 4 
+
+
+Heathcji 
+
+
+come toiler; becaufe her Father had been told by 
+an Oracle , that he fhould be killed by his own Grand- 
+child. But nothing is impregnable to Love : For, Ju¬ 
+piter , by changing himfclf into a Sbozver of Gold v de¬ 
+scended through the Tiles into the Lady’s Bofom, 
+(and who would refufe to open it to a Shower of that 
+V'alue?) and, when he had enjoyed her, he left her 
+with a full Purfc and a big Belly. a Horace tells the 
+Story very xngenioufly. 
+
+As foon as Acrifius had heard that his Daughter had 
+brought forth a Son, he ordered that ftie and the In¬ 
+fant fhould be fhut up in a Cheft, and thrown into the 
+Sea, where a Fifherman' found them, and took them 
+out, and prefented them to King Pllumnus ; who mar¬ 
+ried Vanac , and brought up her Son whom he called 
+
+Per feus. 
+
+
+Ma 
+
+
+7k 
+
+
+Mi 
+
+
+rerva a Shield ofBrafs,fo bright, that it reflected the 
+Images of Things, like a Looking-GIafs. 
+
+
+a Inchtfam Danacn ttirris abenea 
+kRohufl&que fores, vigilum canum 
+
+7 rifles ex cubits runnier ant fat is 
+No Slur vis ab adulter is : 
+
+Si no7i /hrif uw, virghris abdiiiz 
+Cnjlodem pavidum , Jupiter bonus 
+Rfffent : fore enim tut tun iter & patens, 
+
+Conveyfo in pretium Deo. I~Ior. Garni, b 3 * 1 
+
+Within a brazen Tower immur’d, 
+
+£>y Dogs and Centinels feenr’d^ 
+
+From Midnight Revels and Intrigues of Love, 
+
+Fair Danae was kept within her Guardian’s Po\v 7 r; 
+But gentle Perms fimi’d, and amorous Jove 
+Knew he could foon unlock the Door, 
+
+And by his Art fuccefful piovc. 
+
+Chang’d to a golden Show r. 
+
+Firlt, 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 315 
+
+Firft, he n delivered Jndrorncda, the Daughter of Ce- 
+pheus , King of Ethiopia, when file was bound by the 
+Nymphs to a Rock to be devoured by a Sea-P/Io after, 
+becaufe her Mother proudly preferred her Beauty to 
+theirs ; and when he had delivered her, lie took her 
+to Wife. After which both the Mother Cajffiope, or 
+CaJJiopeia, and the Daughter, and the Son-in-Law, 
+were placed amongft the Celefiial Cc-y'Iellaiions. His 
+next Expedition was again ft the Gorgones, of whom we 
+have fpoken before. He encountered with Mcdufa, 
+their Princcfs ; Snakes fupplied the Place of Hair on 
+her Head. Pie faw the image of her Plead by the 
+Brighrnefs of his Shield, and by the favourable Aftift- 
+ance of Pallas ftruck it off; and afterwards fixed it upon 
+a Shield, and, by Clewing it, he afterwards turned ma¬ 
+ny Perfons into Stone, fltlas was turned, by the Sight 
+of it* into the Mountain in Mauritania of that Name; 
+becaufe he rudely refufed to entertain Perfeus. When 
+JVlednfas Head was cut oft’, the Plorfe Pegajus fprang 
+from the Blood which was fhed on the Ground : He is 
+fu called from Uvsyv [ Peg o'] a Fountain, b becaufe he was 
+born near the Fountains of the Sea. This Plorfe had 
+Wings ; .and flying over the Mountain Helicon , he 
+ftruck it with his Ploof, and opened a Fountain, which 
+they called in Greek Hippocrenc ; and in Latin , Fans 
+CabaUinus ; that is, the Horfe-Fountain. But after¬ 
+wards, while he drank at the Fountain Pyrene in Co¬ 
+rinth, where Bellcrophon prepared himfelf for his Expe¬ 
+dition againft the Chimera , he was by him taken and 
+kept. 
+
+Bcllerophon 9 s firft Name was Hippcnous ; c becaufe 
+he firft taught the Art of governing Horfes with a Bri¬ 
+dle. But when he had killed Bell crus, a King of Co¬ 
+rinth, he was afterwards called Bellerophonies. This 
+Bellcrophon, the Son of Glaucus, King of Ephyra, was 
+
+r+ 11 m ' 1 1 .. . *" 11 — - - . L 1 
+
+a Propert. 1 . 2. Hygin. de fignis cceleflibus, 3 . 2. 
+
+b Strabo, h 8. c Ita diclus ab equis fra? no regendis. 
+
+equally 
+
+
+
+3 16 Of the Gods of the Heathens a 
+
+equally beautiful and virtuous 3 he refitted all the Temp¬ 
+tations whereby Sthenobaxi, the 'Wife of Pratus , enti¬ 
+ced him to commit Adultery 3 his Denial provoked her 
+fb y , that in. Revenge fhe accufed the innocent Stranger 
+to her Hufband. Pratus , however, would not violate 
+the Daws-of Hofpitality with the Blood of Bellerophon 3 
+but fent him into Lycia , to his Father-in-Law Jobates , 
+with Letters, which defired him to punifli Bellerophon 
+as. his Crime, deferved. Jobates read the Letters, and 
+fent him 1 to fight againff the Solymi , that he might be 
+killed in Battle r. But he eafijy vanquifhed them, and 
+in many other Dangers, to which he was expofed, he 
+always, came' off Conqueror. At laft he was fent to 
+kill the Chinucra ; which he undertook* and perform¬ 
+ed* when he had procured the Horfe Pcgafus , by the 
+. Efel'p of Bfeptuue. u Wherefore Jobates admired the 
+Bravery of th.e Youth, and gave him one of his Daugh¬ 
+ters- to Wife, allotting him alfo a Part of his Kingdom. 
+Sthenobaa killed herfelf, v/hen fhe heard this. This 
+happy Succefs fa tranfported Bellerophon , that he en¬ 
+deavoured to fly upon Pcgafus to Heaven 3 for which 
+Jupiter ffnking him with Madnefs, he fell from his 
+Horfe into a Field called Aldus Campus 3 b becaufe in 
+that Place Bellerophon wandered up and down blind, to 
+the End of his Life ; But Pcgafus was placed among the 
+Stars . Some fay that this was the Occafion of the Fable 
+of the- Chimcsra. There was a famous Pirate, who 
+ufed to fail in a Ship in whofe Prow was painted a 
+ILian^ ire the- Stern of a Dragon, and in the Body of the 
+Ship a Goat defcribed'3 and this Pirate was killed hv 
+Belter cphooiy in a Long-Boat that was called Pcgafus . 
+From th.e Letters which Bellerophon carried to Jo- 
+hates y c comes the Proverb Bcllerophon > s Letters 3 when 
+any one carries Letters, which he imagines are wrote 
+
+* Homeri Itrach h Ab > AX=:D erro. c HsXTvsco^oil^-* 
+yj.iuy.ctia s . Belbrophontis Literacy ufitatius didbe. Lit tree Una, 
+
+ill 
+
+
+
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of * the Heathens * 317 
+
+in his Favour, when they feat to procure his Ruin. 
+And fuch Letters are generally called. The Let ters of 
+Uriah * 
+
+
+CHAP VL 
+
+^Esculapius. 
+
+M* ^ 7 HY are you fo filent, PalaophilusP What 
+
+v V employs your Thoughts fo long? 
+
+P. I was obferving that a bearded -old Man that 
+leans upon his jointed Cane, and is adorned with a. 
+Crown of Laurel, and encompaffed about with Dogs- 
+Pray, Sir, tell me his Name, who he is, and what arc 
+his Excellencies. 
+
+M. It is /Efculapius , b the God of the Phyficians and 
+Phyfick, and the Son of Apollo by the Nymph Coronis » 
+He improved the Art of Phyfick, which was before 
+little underftood ; and for that Reafon they accounted 
+him a God. c Apollo fhot the Nymph his Mother 
+when (lie was with Child of him ; becaufe fne admit¬ 
+ted the Embraces of another young Man after he had 
+enjoyed her. But he repented after he had killed her, 
+and opened her Body, and took out the Child alive, 
+and delivered him to be educated by the Phyfician Chi- 
+ran, d who taught him his own Art; The Youth made 
+fo great a Progrefs in it, that, becaufe he reflored Health 
+to the Sick, and Safety to tbofe, vvhofe Condition was 
+defperate, he was thought to have a Power of recalling 
+the Dead to Life again. Whereupon Pluto , the King 
+of Hell, c complained to Jupiter very much that his 
+Revenue was diminifhed, and his Subjects taken from 
+him by means of /Efculapius\ and, at length, by his 
+
+
+n Lucian, in JoveTrag. b Cicero 2 leg. Corn. 
+
+
+c Homer in Hymn, 
+
+
+d Ovid. 1 Mete 
+
+
+Virg. 7 
+
+
+Cel fiis* 
+
+7 £n. 
+
+Per- 
+
+
+
+3 18 Of the Go ds of the Heathens „ 
+
+% 
+
+Perfuafion Jupiter killed him. with a Stroke of Thun* 
+der. 
+
+He wears a Crown of Laurel; a becaufe that Tree 
+is powerful in curing many Difeafes. By the Knots in 
+his Staff is fignified the Difficulty of the Study of Phy~ 
+Jick . He hath Dogs painted about him, and Dogs in 
+his Temple; becaufe many believe that he was born 
+of uncertain Parents, and expofed, and afterwards nou- 
+rifhed by a Bitch. b Others fay, that a Goat, which 
+was purfued by a Dog, gave Suck to the forfaken In¬ 
+fant ; and that the Shepherds faw a lambent Flame play¬ 
+ing about his Head, which was the Prognofiication of 
+his future Divinity. After that, the Cyrenians ufed to 
+offer a Goat to him in the Sacrifices; either becaufe 
+he was nourifhed by a Goat, as was faid, c or becaufe 
+a Goat is always in a Fever; and therefore a Goat’s 
+Conftitution is very contrary to Health. d Plato fays, 
+that they ufed to facrifice Dunghill-cocks to him, which 
+is the moft vigilant of all Birds ; for of all Virtues prin¬ 
+cipally Wakefulnefs is neceffary to a Phyfician. 
+
+P* Where was he particularly worfhipped ? 
+
+M. At Epidaurus c firft, where he was born : After¬ 
+wards at Pome ; becaufe, when he was fentfor thither, 
+he delivered the City from a dreadful Peftilence. For 
+which Reafon f a Temple was dedicated to him in an 
+I(land in the Mouth of the Fiber , where he was wor¬ 
+shipped under the Form of a great Serpent; for, when 
+the Romans came to Epidaurus to tranfport the God 
+from thence, a great Serpent entered into the Ship : 
+and they, believing it to be MJculapius , brought it to 
+Rome with them. Others tell the Story thus : When 
+the Romans were received by the People of Epidaurus 
+with all Kindnefs, and were carried into the Temple 
+
+a Vide Fefium. b La6lant. de falf. relig. Paufan in Co¬ 
+rinth. c Tidym. 1 . 3 apud Nat. Com. d I11 Phcedone. 
+c Liv. 1 , 45. & 1 . 10. Fieri Epitome 1 . 11. f Sue ton. in 
+Claud, c. 2c. 
+
+of 
+
+
+&f the Gods of the Heathens . 319 
+
+of JEfculapias ; the Serpent, under whole Image they 
+wor(hipped that God, went voluntarily into the Ship 
+of the Romans . 
+
+I can tell you nothing of the Children of Mfadapius? 
+except their Names. He had two Sons called Atfachaots 
+and Podalirius , both famous Phyficians, who followed 
+Agamemnon , the General of the Grecians , to the "Trojan 
+War, and were very ferviceable amongft the Soldiers. 
+And two Daughters a Hygieea or Sanitas (though fome 
+think this was not his Daughter, but his Wife) and 
+Jafo. 
+
+P . Is there nothing remarkable concerning his Ma¬ 
+iler Chiron ? 
+
+M. Since you afk, I will tell you, that he was a Cen¬ 
+taur ^ and the Son of Saturn , and Phyllyra , for, when 
+turn embraced that Nymph,''he fuddenly changed him- 
+felf into a Horfe, b becaufe his Wife Ops came in. Pbii- 
+lyra was with Child by him, and brought forth a Crea¬ 
+ture, in its upper Parts like a Man, in its lower Parts 
+like a Horfe, and called it Chiron ; who, when he grew 
+up, betook himfelf into the Woods; and there learn¬ 
+ing the Virtue of Herbs, he became a mod excellent 
+Phyfician : For his Skill in Phyfick, and for his other 
+Virtues, which were many, he was appointed Tutor to 
+Achilles , and taught /Efculapius Phyfick. At lad, when 
+he handled Hercules's Arrows, one of them, dipped in 
+the poifonous Blood of the Lernatan Plydi'a, fell upon 
+his Foot, and gave him a Wound that was incurable, 
+and Pains that were intolerable ; info much that he clea¬ 
+red to die, but could not ; becaufe he was born of two l?n~ 
+mortal Parents. Therefore at length the Gods iranflated 
+him into the Firmament , where he now remains ; for 
+he became a Confleliation called Sagittarius , which is 
+placed in the Aodiac. 
+
+
+a Hygiasa fignificat fanitatem. Sc Jafo derivaturab 
+fanare. b z Virg. Georg, 1 . 3. 
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. VII. 
+
+
+Prometheus. 
+
+
+P 
+
+
+Romelbetts the Son of Japetus , a ancl the Father of 
+Deucalion , was the firlh (as we find in Hiftory) that 
+formed a Man out of Clay \ which he did with fuch 
+Art and Skill that Minerva was amazed, and proffered 
+to procure any thing from Heaven which would any 
+ways compleat his Work. Prometheus anfwered, that 
+he did net know what in Heaven would be ufeful to 
+him, fince he had never feen Heaven. Therefore Mi¬ 
+nerva carried him up to Heaven, and fhewed him all 
+that there was to be feen. He obferved that the Heat 
+of the Sun would be very ufeful in animating the Man 
+which he had formed ; wherefore he lighted a Stick 
+by the Wheel of the Sun’s Chariot, and carried it light¬ 
+ed with him to the Earth. This Theft difpleafed Ju¬ 
+piter fo much, that be fent Pandora into the World to 
+Prometheus with a Box that was filled with all Sorts 
+of Evils. But Prometheus , fearing and fufpe&ing the 
+Matter, refufed to accept it; but his Brother Epime - 
+iheus was not fo cautious : For he took it and opened 
+ir, and ail the Evils that were in it flew abroad amongft 
+Mankind. When he perceived what he had done, he 
+immediately fhut the Box again, and by good Fortune 
+hindered Hope from flying away, which ffuck to the 
+Bottom of the Box. You may remember how fweet- 
+ly b Horace fpeaks of this Theft of Prometheus . 
+
+
+a Vide Claud. Panegyr. de conf. Hon. 
+
+b Audax omnia perpeti 
+
+Gens bumana ruit per f vetitwn nefcis* 
+
+Jupiter 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 3 2 X 
+
+'Jupiter puniflied Prometheus in this Manner: He 
+commanded Mercury a to bind him to the Mountain. 
+Caucafus ; and then he fent an Eagle to him there, which 
+continually gnawed his Liver. Yetfome fay, b that he 
+was not punifhed, becaufe he dole Fire from Heaven, 
+but becaufe he had made Woman, which, they fay, is 
+the moft pernicious Creature in the World. 
+
+To this Nicander adds another Fable* c When 
+Mankind had received the Fire of Prometheus , fome 
+ungratefully difcovered this Theft to Jupiter , who gave 
+thf*m the Gift of perpetual Youth . They put this Gift 
+upon an Afs’s Back, that it might be brought to the 
+Earth. The Afs in his Journey was thirfty, and came 
+to a Spring to drink ; but a Water-Serpent would not 
+fufFer him, unlefs the Afs would give him the Burden 
+which he carried : The Afs gave it him $ and hence it 
+comes to pafs, that, when the Serpent is old, he calls 
+his Skin, and feems to grow young again. 
+
+Prometheus had been ferviceable to Jupiter (for he 
+difcovered to Jupiter his Father Saturn 9 s Conspiracy, 
+and prevented the Marriage of Jupiter and Thetis 9 
+
+
+Audax Iapeti genus 
+Ignem frazide ?nala gent thus bitutit: 
+
+Pojl igjiem set here a demo 
+SubduSizwzy macies & mrva febriztni 
+Terris incubuit cohors : 
+
+Semotiqueprzus tarda zzecejfitas 
+
+Let hi corripzdt graduzzi. Hor. Carm. 1. I« 
+
+No Pow’r the Pride of Mortals can controul : 
+
+Prone to new Crimes, by ftrong Prefumption driven 
+With facrilegious Hands Prozzzetheus Hole 
+Celeftial Fire, and bore it down from Heaven : 
+
+The fatal Prelent brought on mortal Race 
+An Army of Difeafes ; Death began 
+With Vigour then to mend his halting Pace, 
+
+And found a moll compendious Way to Man. 
+
+3 Heliod. in Theogon. b Menander Poeta. c In Theocr. 
+
+Y which. 
+
+
+
+322 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+which he forefaw would be fatal ; wherefore Jupiter 
+fuffered Hercules to fhoot the Eagle, and fet Prometheus 
+at Liberty. 
+
+' This perhaps is the Meaning of this Fable: Prome¬ 
+theus (whofeName is derived a from a Word denoting 
+Forefight and Providence) was a very prudent Perfon: 
+And becaufe he reduced the Men that were before rude 
+and favage, to the Precepts of Humanity, he was feign¬ 
+ed from thence to have made Men out of the Dirt: And 
+becaufe he was diligent in obferving the Motions of the 
+Stars from the Mountain Caucafus , therefore they Paid 
+that he was chained there . To which they added, that 
+he Jlole Firefro?n the Gods , becaufe he invented the Way 
+of ftriking tire out of the Flint; or was the firft that 
+difeovered the Nature of LigkUiing. And laftly, becaufe 
+he applied his Mind to his Study with great Care and 
+Sollicitude, b therefore they imagined an Eagle preying 
+upon his Liver continually. 
+
+jP. You faid juft now, that he was the Son of Deu¬ 
+calion ; did you mean him who repaired the Race of 
+Mankind, which was almoft extindl? 
+
+M. Yes, I mean the fame Deucalion . When he 
+reigned in Eheffaly there was fo great a Deluge, that 
+the whole Earth was overflowed by it, and all Mankind 
+entirely deftroyed, excepting only Deucalion and Pyrrha 
+his Wife. T'hofe two were carried in a Ship upon the 
+Mountain Parnaffus ; and when the Waters were aba¬ 
+ted, they confulted the Oracle of Themis^ to know hy 
+what Means Mankind fhould again be reftored. The 
+Oracle anfwered, that Mankind would be reftored. If 
+they caft the Bones of their Great Mother behind them . By 
+Magna Mater the Oracle meant the Earth , and by her 
+JBo/iesy the Stones: Wherefore cafting the Stones be- 
+
+
+a ’A^ro t5j? id eft, Providentia, Paufan. in Eliac, 
+
+L Apol. 1, 3 * ' 
+
+hind 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 323 
+
+hind their Back, a prodigious Miracle enfued ; a for 
+thofe Stones that were thrown by Deucalion became 
+Men, and thofe that were thrown by Pyrrba became 
+Women. The Occafion of which Fable was this ; 
+Deucalion and his Wife were very pious, and by the 
+Example of their Lives, and the Sanctity of their Man¬ 
+ners, they foftened the Men and Women, who before 
+were fierce and hard iike Stones, into fuch Gentlenefs 
+and .Mildnefs, that they obferved the Rules of civil So¬ 
+ciety and good Behaviour. 
+
+
+a -- -- - -— - S ax a 
+
+Mijfa *viri matt i. bus fact cm t rax ere ojirorum : 
+
+Et de fee mine a reparata efl fremiti a jaciu. 
+hide genus durutn fu?mts y - 
+
+Et document a damns qua Jimus crigine nali . Ov. Met. 1. i* 
+
+- ---/^ n d 0 f the Stones 
+
+Thofe thrown by Men the Form of Man endue; 
+
+And thofe were Women which the Woman threw ; 
+Hence we a hardy Race, inur’d to Pain ; 
+
+Our Actions our Original explain. 
+
+
+CHAP. VIII. 
+
+Atlas. 
+
+P. TIT - HO is he that fuftains the Heavens upon 
+V V his Shoulders ? 
+
+M. It is Atlas , King of Mauritania , the Son of 
+Jo fetus* and Brother of Prometheus ; who was fore¬ 
+warned by an Oracle, that he ihould be almoR ruined 
+by one of the Sons of Jupiter , and therefore refolvcd to 
+c»ive Entertainment to no Stranger at all. At laft Per- 
+feus (who was begotten by Jupiter) travelled by Chance 
+through .Atlas’s Dominions, and defigned, in Civility, 
+to viilt him. But the King excluded him the Court, 
+
+Y 2 which 
+
+
+3 
+
+which Inhumanity provoked him fo much, that putting 
+his Shield which he carried with him before the Eyes of 
+Atlas , and {hewing him the Head of Medufa , he turned 
+him into the Mountain of his own Name 5 which is of 
+fo great Height, that it is believed to touch the* Hea¬ 
+vens. Virgil makes mention of him b in the Fourth 
+Book of his JEneids . 
+
+The Reafon why the Poets feigned that Atlas fuf- 
+tained the Heavens on his Shoulders, was this: Atlas 
+was a very famous Aftronomer, and the firft Perfon 
+that underflood ana taught the Dodfrine of the Sphere; 
+and on the fame Account the Poet tells us, that his 
+Daughters were turned into Stars. 
+
+P.°How many Daughters had he, and what were 
+their Names? 
+
+. M. By his Wife Pleione c he had feven Daughters, 
+whofe Names were EleSfra , Raley one , Celano , Mala, 
+JJlerope , Taygete , and Merope , and were called by one 
+co m m on Name, Pleiades : And, by his Wife MthraJ 
+he had feven other Daughters, and their Names were 
+Jlmbrojia , Endora , Pafithoe , Coronts , Plexaris , Pytbo, 
+and Tychcn Thefe were called by one common Name, 
+Hyades „ 
+
+
+
+a Herodotus in Melpomene. 
+
+h -- Jaznque <vo!a?zs apicem Id Intern ardua ccrnit 
+
+Atlantis durz, cccheznque *vertice fulcit: 
+
+Atlantis cznclum ajjzdue cui nubibtis air is 
+Pinifcrum caput, id njezzio pulfaiur c S’ iznbrz : 
+
+Nix h inner os infitfa fegit ; turn jruznina mento 
+Precipitant ferns , id glacze riget borrida barba . 
+
+Now lees the Top of Atlas, as he flies, 
+
+Whofe brawny Back fupports the Harry Skies : 
+
+Atlas , whofe Head, with Piny Forefls crown’d. 
+
+Is beaten by the Winds, with foggy Vapours bound: 
+Snows hide his Shoulders ; from beneath his Chin 
+The Founts of rolling Streams their Race begin. 
+c Ovid. Faftorum c. d Aratus in Aftron. 
+
+x P. Why 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens „ 32 5 
+
+jP. Why were thefe latter Daughters called Hyades ? 
+
+Jld. From a a Word which in the Greek Language 
+Hgnifies to rain* becaufe, when they rife or fet, they 
+caufe great Rain ; and therefore the Latins called them 
+b Sucida ( that is, Swine) becaufe the continual Rain, 
+that they caufe, makes the Road fo muddy, that they 
+feem to delight in Dirr, like Swine. c Others derive 
+their Names from Liyas their Brother, who was devour¬ 
+ed by a Lion: His Sifters were fo immoderately afflidl¬ 
+ed and grieved at his Death, that Jupiter in Companion 
+changed them into feven Stars, which appear in the 
+Head of Taurus . And they are juftly called Hyades* 
+« becaufe Showers of Tears flow from their Eyes to 
+this Day. 
+
+• P. Why were the Daughters firft mentioned called 
+
+Pleiades ? 
+
+M. Their Name is derived from a Greek Word fig- 
+nifying c Sailing . For, when thefe Stars arife, they 
+portend good Weather to Navigators. Becaufe they 
+rife in f the Spring-time, the Romans call them Vergi- 
+I'us: Although others think that they are called Pleia¬ 
+des s from their Number* becaufe they never appear An¬ 
+gle, but all together, except Merope* who is fcarceever 
+feen, for fhe is afhamed that file married Sijypbys , a 
+mortal Man, when all the reft of the Sifters married 
+Gods. h Others call this obfeure Star Eleitra* becaufe 
+fee held her Hand before her Eyes, and would not look 
+upon the Deftrutiion of Troy ; as the Hyades were placed 
+
+p * ■■■■■■ t '■■■■■ ■« . - ■ - — _ 
+
+a 'Atto rd i/W, id eft, pluere. 
+
+Hamit a qtias Hyades Grains ab imbre <vocat . 
+
+From Rain the Sailors call them Hyades . 
+b Sucula.% quemadmodum eas Graci vocant Vse 9 id eft, 
+fees. Aulus Gell. 1 . 13. c, 9. c Euripid. in Jove. d He- 
+fiodusin Theog. c ’Ano a navigando;^ commo- 
+
+dum enim tempus navigation! oftendunt. 1 Vergilisc dici^e 
+averno tempore quo exoriuntur. s Quafi^o^) hoc eft, 
+plures, quod nunquam flngul.e apparent, fed oinnes fimul. 
+
+*Gvid, Fall. 4, 
+
+Y 3 among 
+
+
+
+326 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+among the Stars, bccaufe they bewailed immoderately 
+the Death of their Brother Ply as , fo the Pleiades were 
+trailflated into Heaven, becaufe they inceflantly la¬ 
+mented the hard Fate of their Father Atlas , who was 
+converted into a Mountain. But let us fpealc a little 
+
+about their Uncle Hefperus . 
+
+Hefperus was the Brother °f Atlas , and, becaufe lie 
+ji ved feme Time in Italy, that Country was called an¬ 
+ciently riefpena from him. He frequently went up to 
+the Top of the Mountain Atlas to view the Stars: At 
+iaffc he went up and came down from the Mountain no 
+more. This made the People imagine that he was car¬ 
+ried up into Heaven, whereupon they worfhipped him 
+as a God ; and called a very bright Star, from his 
+Name Hfperns, Hefper, Hefpcrugo , Vefper, and Vcfpcru- 
+■ go, which is called the Evening Star, which fets after 
+the Sun: But, when it rifes before the Sun, it is called 
+
+[ Pbofphorus] ox Lucifer-, that is the Morn¬ 
+ing Star. Farther, this Hefperus had three Daughters, 
+j Eg/e, Prethufa , and Hcfperethufa 5 who, in genera), 
+were called the Hefper ides. And it was faid, that, in 
+their Gardens, Trees were planted that bore golden 
+Fruit: Thefe Trees were guarded by a watchful Dra¬ 
+gon, which Hercules killed, and carried ^way the gol¬ 
+den Apples. Hence the Phrafe, * To give fome of the 
+Apples of the Hefperidcs , that is, to give a great and 
+
+fplendid Gift. 
+
+
+* JVKa» 1 Hctt rfipdSv 2 vpZcrcts, id eft, malaHcfpendnm largiri. 
+
+
+
+CHAP* 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+
+CHAP. IX. 
+
+Orpheus and A m p h i o n„ 
+
+Y OU fee thefe two are drawn in the fame Manner, 
+and almoft in the fame Colours* becaufe they 
+both excelled in the fame Art, namely, in Mufick; in 
+which they were fo fkilful, that by playing on the Harp 
+they moved not only Men, but Beafts, and the very 
+Stones themfelves. 
+
+Orpheus , the Son of Apollo , by Calliope the Mufe, with 
+the Harp that he received from his Father played and 
+fang fo fweetly, that he tamed wild Beafts, ftayed the 
+Courfe of Rivers, and made whole Woods follow him. 
+a He defcended with the fame Harp into Hell^ to re¬ 
+cover from Pluto and Proferpine his Wi fe Eurydice^ who 
+had been killed by a Serpent, when fhe fled from the 
+Violence of Arijleus . And here he fo charmed both the 
+King and Queen with the Sweetnefs of his Mufick, 
+that they permitted his Wife to return to Life again 
+upon this Condition, that he fhould not look up¬ 
+on her till they were both arrived upon the Earth : 
+But fo impatient and eager was the Love of Orpheus , 
+that he could not perform the Condition : Wherefore 
+ihe was taken back into Hell again. Hereupon Orpheus 
+refolved for the future to live a Widower \ and with 
+his Example alienated the Minds of many others from 
+the Love of Women. This fo provoked the Adeenades 
+and Bacches-i that they tore him in Pieces:: Though o- 
+ihers aflign another Reafon of his Death, which is this ; 
+the Women, by the Inftigation of Venus , were fo in¬ 
+flamed with the Love of him, that Arriving to run into 
+his Embraces, and quarrelling with one another, which 
+fhould have him, they tore him in Pieces. His Bones 
+
+
+Apoll. 1. i 
+
+Y 4 
+
+
+Argo, 
+
+
+■were 
+
+
+
+’328 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+were afterwards gathered by the Mufes , and repofed 113 
+a Sepulchre, not without Tears 3 and this Karp w^s 
+made the Conftellation of Lyra . 
+
+Amphion was the Son of 'Jupiter by Anti ope. He re¬ 
+ceived his Lute and Harp horn Mercury 3 and ;l wit!) the 
+Sound thereof moved the Stones fo regularly, that they 
+eompofed the Walls of the City of Thebes. 
+
+The Occafion of which Fable was this : Orpheus and 
+Amphion were both Men fo eloquent, that they perfua- 
+ded them who lived a wild and favage Life before to 
+embrace the Rules and Manners of Civil Society. 
+
+Avion is a proper Companion forthefe two Muficians; 
+and I admire that his Image is not in this Place. For 
+he was a Lyrick Poet of Methynma in the Bland of Lef~ 
+bos , and gained immenfe Riches by his Art. b When 
+he was travelling from Lejbos into Italy , his Compani¬ 
+ons attempted to rob him of his Wealth. But hav¬ 
+ing intreated the Seamen to fuffer him to play on his 
+H.^rp before they call him into the Sea, c he played fo 
+fweetly that, when he had caft himfelf into the Sea, a 
+Dolphin , drawn thither by the Sweetnefs of his Mufick, 
+received him on his Back., d and carried him to Teredos. 
+The Dolphin for his Kindnefs was carried into Heaven 
+
+and made a Conftellation* 
+
+• • • 
+
+
+a Didlus & Amphion, Thebanconditor urbis 9 
+
+Saxa mo<pere fono tejludinisy & prece blanda 
+
+Due ere quo njeilet. Hor. de Arte Poet* 
+
+Amphion too, as a Story goes, could call 
+
+Obedient Stones to make the Theban Wall. 
+
+He led them as he pleas’d: The Rocks obey’d. 
+
+And danc’d in Order to the Tunes he play’d. 
+b Pauf in fceotic. c Herod, in Clio. 
+
+9 ? IIlefedet , citharamque tetiet , preiiunique uehendi 
+Cantat, £5 <gquoreas carmine mulcet aquas. Oy. Fall. 2* 
+He on his crouching Back fits all at Eafe, 
+
+With rfarp in Hand, by which he calms the Seas, > 
+And for his Paifage with a Song he pays. J 
+
+" .. • ? * CHAP. 
+
+‘N * 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 3 2 9 
+
+
+CHAP. X. 
+
+A C H I h L E S. 
+
+
+A Chilles was the Son of Pclcus by "Thetis. His Mo*, 
+ther plunged him in the Styghni \\ r aters when he 
+was an Infant; which made his whole Body ever after 
+invulnerable, excepting that Part of his Foot by which 
+he was held when he was wafhed. Others fay, that 
+Thetis hid him in the Night under a Fire, a after ihc had 
+anointed him in the Day with Ambrojia > whence at firit 
+])e was called Pyrifons , bccaufe he eicapcd fafefrom tlie 
+Fire5 and afterwards Achilles , h becaufe he had but one 
+Lip, for he licked the Ambrofia from his other Lip, fo 
+that the Fire had Power to burn it off. Others a sain 
+
+
+report, c that he was brought up b y Chiron the Centaur - 9 
+and fed, inftead of Milk, with the Entrails of Lions, 
+and the Marrow of Boars and 1'ears3 fo that by that 
+Means he received immenfe Greatnefs of Soul, and 
+mighty Strength of Body. From him thofe, who 
+greatly excelled in Strength, were called Achilles \ fI and 
+an Argument is called Achillcum , when no Objeclion 
+can weaken or difprove it. 
+
+Thetis , his Mother, had heard from an Oracle, that 
+he Ihould be killed in the Expedition agair.il Troy . On 
+the other Hand, Calc has the Diviner had declared, that 
+Troy could not be taken without him. By the Cun¬ 
+ning of UlyJJes he was forced to go : For when his Mo¬ 
+ther Thetis hid him in a Boarding-School (in Gynecao) in 
+the Hand Scyros (one of the Cyclades) in the Habit of 
+a Virgin, among the Daughters of King Lyc07ncd.es , 
+UlyJJes di(covered the Trick: For, he went thither in 
+
+
+a A poll. 4. Argon. b Ab * priy, So yettor, labrum ; 
+quafi line labro. c Apoll. 1 . 3. Eurip. in Ipbig. a Ceil. 
+
+h 2. c. 1 r* 
+
+
+the 
+
+
+33 ° Of the Gods of the heathens. 
+
+the Difguife of a Merchant, and brought with him fe~ 
+veral Goods to fell : The King’s Daughters, as in the 
+Temper of Women, began to view and handle curi- 
+ouflv the Bracelets, the Glafles, the Necklaces, and 
+fuch-like Women’s Ornaments. But Achilles , on the 
+contrary, laid hold of the Targets, and fitted the Hel¬ 
+mets to his Plead, and brandifhed the Swords and pla¬ 
+ced them to his Side. Thus Ulyffes plainly difcovered 
+Achilles from the Virgins, and compelled him to go to 
+the War, after that Vulcan , by Thet /Vs In treaty, had 
+given him impenetrable Armour. Achilles at Troy kil¬ 
+led Heft or the Son of Priamus , and was killed himfelf 
+by Paris? by a Trick of Polyxcna . 
+
+a And all the Nymphs and Mufes are .faid to have 
+lamented his Death. 
+
+'I'his Polyxcna was the Daughter of Priamus King 
+of Troy? a Virgin of extraordinary Beauty : Achilles , 
+by Chance, faw her upon the Walls of the City, and 
+fell in Love with her* and defired to marry her*: Pri~ 
+anuis confented : They met in the Temple of Apollo to 
+folemnize the Marriage ; where Paris , the Brother of 
+Hector , coming in privately, and lurking behind Apol¬ 
+lons Image, fhot flchillcs fuddenly with an Arrow, in 
+that Part of his Foot in which only he was vulnerable,, 
+After this Trov was taken, and the Ghoft of Achilles 
+demanded Satisfaction for the Murder, and the Gre¬ 
+cians appe a fed him by offering the Blood of Polyxcna . 
+
+
+3 Lycophron. in Alexand. 
+
+
+CHAP. 
+
+
+
+CHAP. XI. 
+
+Ulysses. 
+
+
+Y T Lyjfes was fo named, bccaufe 
+
+Tnnc tvn \r I t n rv- no m n Anr 11 
+
+
+when his Mother 
+was travelling, as fomc fay, in the I(land of Ithaca , 
+
+
+as others fay, Bceotia , fhe fell down on the :i Road, and 
+brought him into the World. Fie was the Son of 
+Laertes and Aniiclea . Flis Wife was Penelope , a Lady 
+highly famed for her Prudence and Virtue. He v/as 
+unwilling that the "Trojan War fhould part him and his 
+dear Wife • wherefore, to avoid the Expedition,he pre¬ 
+tended to be mad, joining different Beads to the fame 
+Plough, and fovving the Furrows with Salt. But this 
+Pretence was detected by Palamedes , who threw his In¬ 
+fant Son into the Furrow, whilft UlyJJes was ploughing, 
+to fee whether TJlyjfes would fuffer the Plough-fhare to 
+wound him or no. When he came where his Son lay, 
+he turned the Plough another Way, for fear left he 
+fhould hurt him : And from hence he difeovered that 
+he was not a Madman, and compelled him to go to the 
+War, where he was mightily ferviceable to the Grecians % 
+for he was almoft the foie Occafion of taking the Town, 
+fince he removed the fatal Obftacles which hindered it 
+from being taken. For he brought Achilles (as I faid) 
+to the War, out of his Retreat. Fie obtained the Ar¬ 
+rows of Hercules from Pbilofletes , and brought them a- 
+gainft Troy . He brought away the Allies of Laomcdon , 
+which were preferved upon the Gate Sees a in Troy . He 
+ftole the Palladium from the fame City. He killed 
+Rhcefus , King of Thrace , and took his Horfes, before 
+they had taken the Water of the River Xanthus, In 
+which Things the Deftiny of Troy was wrapped up. 
+
+
+a Greece ’c S’.ac'Evc, ab hod via; quod in ipsa via ejus ma¬ 
+ter iter faciens Japfa ilium peperit. Vide Nat. Com. & Ho¬ 
+mer um in OdyfT. 
+
+For. 
+
+
+
+
+For,, if tbe 'Trojans had preferved them, fcheTown could 
+never have been conquered. 1 
+
+Afterwards he contended with Ajax (the Son of iCe- 
+lamon and Hejione , who was the flouteft of all the Gre¬ 
+cians except Achilles ) before Judges, for the Arms of 
+Achilles _ The J tidges were perfuaded by the Eloquence 
+of Ulyjjes, and gave Sentence in his Favour, and align¬ 
+ed the Arms to him. 'This Difappointment made A - 
+jax mad,, whereupon he killed himfelf, and his Blood 
+v/as turned into the Violet . 
+
+
+When Ulyjfes departed from "Troy to return Home, 
+he failed backwards and forwards twenty Years ; for 
+contrary Winds 2nd ill Weather hindered him from 
+coming Home. In which Time, 1. He put out the 
+Eye of Polyphemus with a Fire-brand ; and failing from 
+thence to /Eolia , he obtained from /Eolus all the Winds 
+which were contrary to him, and put them into leathern 
+Bags. His Companions believing that the Bags were 
+filled with Money, and not with Wind, intended to 
+rob him ; wherefore, when they came almoft to Ithaca, 
+they untied the Bags, and the Wind gufhed out, and 
+blew him back to /Eolia again. 2. When Circe had 
+turned his Companions into Beads, he firft fortified 
+himfelf againfl: her Charms with the Antidote that 
+JMercury had given him, and then ran into her Cave 
+with his Sword drawn, and forced her to reftore his 
+Companions their former Shapes again. ■ After which 
+Circe and he were reconciled, and he had by her Tele* 
+gantts . 3. He went down into Hell, to know his fu¬ 
+
+ture Fortune from the Prophet 'Tirejias. 4. When 
+he failed to the Blands of the Syrens > he flopped the 
+Ears of his Companions, and bound himfelf with ftrong 
+Ropes to the Ship's Mad ; whereby he avoided the dan¬ 
+gerous Snares into which, by their charming Voice, 
+they led Men. And laflly, £fter his Ship was broken, 
+and wrecked by the Waves, he efcaped by fwimming, 
+and came naked and alone to the Port of Phcsacia , 
+
+
+where Naufccaa , the Daughter of King Alcinotis , found 
+him hid among the young Trees, and entertained him 
+
+
+7 2 
+
+2 
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens « 332 
+
+civilly ; and when his Companions were found, and 
+the Ship refitted, he was fent afieep into Ithaca, where 
+Pallas awaked him, and advifed him to put on the 
+Habit of a Beggar, Then he went to his Neat-herds, 
+where he found his Son Telemachus ; and from thence 
+he went Home in a Difguife. Where, after he had 
+received feveral Affronts from the Wooers of Pene- 
+lopc 9 by the Afiiftance of the Neat-herds, and his 
+Son, to whom he difcovered himfelf, he fet upon 
+them, and killed them every one ; and then received 
+his Penelope . 
+
+Penelope , the Daughter of Icarus , was a rare and 
+perfedl Example of Chaftity. For, though it was 
+generally thought that her Hufband UlyJJcs was dead, 
+iince he had been abfent from her twenty Years j 
+neither the Defires of her Parents, nor the Sollicita- 
+tions of her Lovers, could prevail with her to marry 
+another Man, and to violate the Promifes of Con- 
+fiancv, which fhe gave to her Hufband when he de¬ 
+parted. For, when many Noblemen courted her, 
+and even threatened her with Ruin unlefs fhe declared 
+which of them fhould marry her, fhe defired that the 
+Choice might be deferred till file had finifhed that 
+Needle-work about which fhe was then employed : 
+But, undoing by Night what fhe had worked by Day, 
+file delayed them till UlyJJcs returned and killed them 
+all. Hence came the Proverb a to weave Penelope’s 
+Web \ that is, to labour in vain, when one Hand de- 
+ftroys what the other has wrought. 
+
+
+p Penelope's telam texere 9 id eft, inanem operam Turnere. 
+Vid* Erafm. A dag. 
+
+s 
+
+* 
+
+
+CHAP, 
+
+
+
+334 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+C H A P. XII. 
+
+* 
+
+Orion. 
+
+j p. UI 7 FIAT was the Birth of Orion? 
+
+V V Modefty will hardly let me tell you ; 
+
+However I will conceal nothing from you. They fay 
+that he was born from the Urine of Jupiter , Neptune , 
+and JHereury : For when they travelled together, they 
+were.benighted, and forced to lodge in a poor Man’s 
+Cottage, whole Name was Hi reus. He entertained 
+them as handfomely as the Meannefs of his Condition 
+would fuffer. Their Entertainment pleafed them fo, 
+that they promifed to grant whatever he aflced. Fie faid, 
+that he promifed his. Wife, when fhe died, never to 
+marry again, and yet, that he extremely defired to have 
+a Son. This pious Defire pleafed the Gods, and they 
+con fen ted to his Requeft, and moiftened the Hide of an 
+Ox (with which they were entertained) with theirUW//r, 
+commanding him to bury it ten Months: After which 
+he digged it up, and found in it a new-born Child, 
+which, from this Occafion, he called IJrion , or Orion . 
+
+Orion , when young, was a conftant Companion of 
+Diana : But becaufe his Love to the Goddefs exceeded 
+the Bounds of Modefty, or becaufe, as fome fay, he 
+extolled the Strength of his own Body very indecently, 
+and boafted that he could out-run and fubdue the wild- 
+eft and fierceft Beafts, his Arrogance grievoufly dif- 
+pleafed the Earth ; wherefore file fent a Scorpion which 
+killed him. He was afterwards carried to the Heavens, 
+and there made a Cancellation ; which is thought to 
+predict foul Weather when it does not appear, and fair 
+when it is vifible ; whence the Poets call him a tempef - 
+iicons or Jlormy Orion . 
+
+
+2 Nimbofus Ori'n. Virg. J£n. nam. o f ivcj fignificat turbo, 
+fxovsQ* unde etiam ipfb no men fumpfiiL a nonnullis judicature 
+
+o c CHAP. 
+
+
+
+334 Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+CHAP. XII. 
+
+* 
+
+Orion. 
+
+jP. ST 7 FIAT was the Birth of Orion? 
+
+V V J 14 . Modefty will hardly let me tell you : 
+However I will conceal nothing from you. They fay 
+that he was born from the Urine of 'Jupiter , Neptune , 
+and Mey\ury : For when they travelled together, they 
+were.benighted, and forced to lodge in a poor Man’s 
+Cottage, whole Name was Hircus. He entertained 
+them as handfomely as the Meannefs of his Condition 
+would fufter. Their Entertainment pleafed them fo, 
+that they promifed to grant whatever he afked. Fie faid, 
+that he promifed his. Wife, when fhe died, never to 
+marry again, and yet, that he extremely deftred to have 
+a Son. This pious Defire pleafed the Gods, and they 
+conferred to his Requeft, and moiftened the Hide of an 
+Ox (with which they were entertained) with theirl/nba, 
+commanding him to bury it ten Months: After which 
+he digged it up, and found in it a new-born Child, 
+which, from this Occafion, he called Orion , or Orion. 
+
+Orion , when young, was a conftant Companion of 
+Diana : But becaufe his Love to the Goddels exceeded 
+the Bounds of Modefty, or becaufe, as fome fay, he 
+extolled the Strength of his own Body very indecently, 
+and boafted that he could out-run and fubdue the wild- 
+eft and fierceft Beafts, his Arrogance grievoufly dif- 
+pleafed th z Earth \ wherefore fhe fent a Scorpion which 
+killed him. He was afterwards carried to the Heavens, 
+and there made a Conjlellation \ which is thought to 
+predict foul Weather when it does not appear, and fair 
+when it is vifible , whence the Poets call him il tempes¬ 
+tuous or Jlor?ny Orion . 
+
+a Nimbofus Orr'n. Virg. JEn. nam. ofau figniflcat turbo, 
+moved* unde etiam ip ft nomcn fumpfifle a nonnullis judicatnr. 
+
+2 CHAP. 
+
+
+Tag* jjj 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. XIII. 
+
+Osiris, Apis, and Sera pis. 
+
+HESE are the three different Names of one 
+JL and the fame God, therefore they are not to be 
+feparated in our Difcourfe. 
+
+Ofiris was the Son of "Jupiter , by Niobc? the Daugh¬ 
+ter of Pboroneus . He was King of the Argives many 
+Years : But he was ftirred up, by the Deflrc of Glory, 
+to leave his Kingdom to his Brother JEgialas ; where¬ 
+fore he failed into Egypt , to feek a new Name, and new 
+Kingdoms there. "I'he Egyptians were not fo much 
+overcome by his Arms, as obliged to him by his Cour- 
+tefies and great Kindnefs towards them. After which 
+he married A, the Daughter of Inachus , whom Jupiter 
+formerly turned into a Cow, as we faid above : But, 
+when by her Difh addon (he was driven into Egypt , her 
+former Shape was againftreftored, and fhe married Ofiris 5 
+and inf ruiied the Egyptians in Letters: Wherefore, 
+both fhe and her Hulband attained to divine Honours, 
+and were thought immortal by that People. But Ofiris 
+fhewed that he was mortal ; for he was killed by his 
+Brother Lyphon. lo (afterwards called Ifis) fought him 
+a great while ; and when fhe had found him at lafi: in a 
+Cheft, fhe laid him in a Monument in an Hand near tea 
+Memphis^ which Hand is encompaffed by that fad and 
+fatal Lake, the Styx. And becaufe when fhe fought him 
+fhe had ufed Dogs, who by their excellent Vertue of 
+Smelling might difeover where he was hid, thence the 
+ancient Cuftom came, a that Dogs went fir ft in a 
+anniverfary Procefhon in Honour of IJis. And the 
+People carefully and religioufly worshipped a God with 
+
+
+Ex. Gyr. Syntagxn, 9. 
+
+
+a 
+
+
+£ Dor’s 
+
+
+2 3 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens ^ 
+
+a Dog’s Plead, called A nub Is ; which God the Poets 
+commonly call, a Barker? a God half a Dog? a Dog half 
+a h Man . Pie is alio called c Hermanubis ; becaufe his 
+Sagacity is fo great, that Tome .think him to be the 
+fame with Mercury . But Jet us return to Qftris and 
+
+Ifts. 
+
+After the Body of Ojiris was interred, there ap¬ 
+peared to the Egyptians a {lately beautiful Ox : The 
+Egyptians thought that it was Ojiris , wherefore they 
+v/orihipped it, and called it Apis? which in the Egyp¬ 
+tian Language fignifies an Ox . But becaufe his Body, 
+after his Death, was found fhut up in a d Che ft , he was 
+afterwards from thence called S or apis ; and by the 
+Change of a Letter, Serapis ? as we fhall fee more clear¬ 
+ly and particularly by and by, when I have obferved 
+what Plutarch fays, that Ofir is was thought to be the 
+Sun. Plis Name comes from Or, which in the Egyp¬ 
+tian Language fignifies ?nucb , and Iris an Eye ; and his 
+Image was a Sceptre? in the Top of which was placed 
+an Eye. So that Ojiris fignifies the fame as 'Bo 7 wo<pQoL?y*s 
+[ Polyophthahnos ] many-eyed , which agrees very well to 
+the Sun? who feems to have fo many Eyes as he hath 
+Kays, by which he fees, and makes all Things vifible* 
+
+Some fay that Ifts is Palias , others Terra? others 
+Ceres , and many the Moon ; for fhe is painted fome- 
+times c horned, as the Moon appears in the Increafe, 
+and wears black Garments, becaufe the Moon fhines in 
+the Night. In her Right-hand fhe held a Cymbal, and 
+in her Left a Bucket. Her Head was crowned with the 
+
+
+a Latratorem, femicanem Deum, Virg. zEn. 8. b Semi- 
+iominem canem. Ovid. Metam. 9. Lucan, feduli. c Pint* 
+in Ofiride. Serv. in ^En. 8. (I Zopo? fignificat arcam, in 
+qua inventum eit illius corpus inclufum. c K epccopo^o;, id 
+eft, cornigera afiingebatur, ad Lunse crefcentis fimiiitudi- 
+nexn. Sc (/^ccvSro^oe, nigris veftibus induta, quod luna lu- 
+ceat in tenebris. Vide Servium. .^En. 8. 
+
+
+Feathers 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens * 337 
+
+Feathers of a Vulture ; for, among the Egyptians, that 
+Bird is facred to ''/uno; and therefore they adorned the 
+Tops of their Porches with the Feathers of a Vulture . 
+The Priefis of I/ts 9 called after her own Name Ijiaci , 
+a abfhiined from the Flefh of Swine and Sheep - 9 they 
+ufed no b Salt to their Meat, left they fhould violate 
+their Chaftity. c They fliaved their Heads , d tliey 
+wore Paper Shoes , and a c Linen Vejl, becaufe Ifis firft 
+taught the Ufe of Flax ; from whence flic is called* 
+Linigera , and alfo & Inachis, from Inacbns , her Father. 
+By the Name of 7 / 5 > is ufually underftood iVifdom. 
+And accordingly, h upon the Pavement of the Temple* 
+there was this Infcription : I am every Thing that hath 
+bec?i 9 and is , and Jhall be , nor hath any ALortal opened ?ny 
+
+Veil . 
+
+By the Means of this Ifis, 5 //;£/>, a young Virgin 
+of Crete, the Daugher of Lygdus and Tclethifa , was 
+changed into a Man. For when Lygdus went a Jour¬ 
+ney he commanded his Wife, who was then big with 
+Child, if file brought a Daughter, that fhe fhould not 
+educate her, but leave her expofed in the Fields to 
+perifh by Want. Telethufa brought forth, indeed, a 
+Daughter, but was very unwilling to lofe her Child 5 
+therefore fhe drefled it in a Boy’s Habit, and called it 
+Ip his, which is a common Name to Boys and Girls. 
+The Father returned from his Journey, and believed 
+both his Wife and his Daughter, who perfonated a 
+Son: And, as foon as flic was marriageable, her Fa¬ 
+ther, who ftill thought that flic was a Man, married 
+
+
+n Lilian, lib. de anim. Herodot. 1 . 2. b PIut. fymp. 5, 
+c. 10. c Ccel. Rhodigin. 5. c. 12. (I Herodot. J. 1. 
+e Claud. 4. Hon. conf. f Ovid. dePontoEL i. 2 Pro- 
+
+
+pert. 1. I. & 2 . b Eyw i ttxv to •yeyoves, -dj oV, laofASMi* % 
+Hs to e/xo V 7 te'UjT'ov ?uv Bv'otxv uttbxccKvI'BV. EgO fum quic- 
+
+quidfuit, eft, erit j nee meum qnifquam mortalium Peplum 
+xetexit. Plut. in Ifide. 1 Ovid. Metam. 1 . 9. 
+
+Z her 
+
+
+3.38 Qf the Gods of the Heathens „ 
+
+her Co the beautiful lanthe . They went to the Tempfe 
+to celebrate the Marriage. The Mother was mightily 
+concerned ; and, as they were going, fhe begged the 
+favourable Affiftance of IJis , who heard her Prayers, 
+and changed the Virgin Ipbis into a moft beautiful 
+young Man. Now let us come to Scrap is and Apis 
+again. 
+
+Though Serapis 5 of whofe Name we gave the Eiy- 
+7)1 clogy before, was the God of the Egyptians , yet he was 
+worfhippcd at Greece , a and efpecially at Athens b and 
+a ]Co at Rome. Amongft different Nations he had dif¬ 
+ferent Names ; for he was called fometimes c Jupiter 
+Anmion , fometimes Pluto f Bacchus , /Efculapius , and 
+fome times Ofiris . His Name was reckoned abomina¬ 
+ble by the Grecians 5 d for all Names of feven Letters, 
+* ETflx'ypctiA.p-lcc. [Heptagrammata J are by them efteemed 
+Infamous. Some fay, that Ptolemy , the Son of Lagus> 
+procured the Ejfigics of him at Pcuius , from the King 
+of Sinope , and dedicated a magnificent Temple to him 
+at Alexandria. Eufebius calls him the c Prince of Evil 
+Damons. A Flajket was placed f upon his Head ; and 
+near him lay a Creature with three Heads ; a Dog’s 
+on the Right-fide, a Wolf’s on the Left-fide, and a 
+Lion’s Head in the Middle. A Snake with his Fold 
+encompaffed them, whofe Plead hung down unto the 
+God’s Right Hand, with which he bridled the terrible 
+Monfter. There was befides, in aimed: all the Tem¬ 
+ples where Serapis and Ifis were worfhipped, an Image 
+which prefled its Lips with its Finger. Varro fays, the 
+Meaning of this was, that no one fliould dare to fay 
+that thefe Gods had been Men formerly ; and the Laws 
+inflicted Death upon him that faid that Serapis was once 
+a mortal Man. 
+
+
+a Faufan. in Attic. b Publ. Vidlor. c Tacitus, 1 . 20. 
+Plut. de Ofirlde. d Porphyrius. c Praep. Evangelica, 
+lib. a. *' Macrob. in Saturnal. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 339 
+
+Apis , of whom we fpake fometliing above,- a was 
+King of the Argivi , and being tranfported from thence 
+into Egypt , he became Serapis , or the greateft of all 
+• the Gods of Egypt; After the Death of Serapis , the 
+0 *, that we mentioned a little before, fucceeded in his 
+Place. b Pliny defcribes the Form and Quality of this 
+(Ar, thus : An (Ay, fays he, in Egypt , is wordlipped as 
+a God. They call him Apis. He is thus marked ; there 
+is a white fhining Spot upon his Right-fide, Horns 
+like the Moon in its Increafe. and a Node under its 
+Tongue, which they call Cantharis. His Body^ c fays 
+Herodotus , was all black: In his Forehead he had a 
+white , fquarey fhining Figure ; the Effigies of an Eagle 
+in his Back\ and, befides that Cantharis in his Mouth- 
+he had Hair of two Sorts in his Fail, Rut Pliny goes 
+on : If he lives beyond an appointed Period of Fime, they 
+drown him in the Pricfls Fountain's then the Priejls Jhave 
+their Heads , and mourn and laments and feck another to 
+fuhjiiiute in his Room . When they have found one , he is 
+brought by the Pricjls to Memphis. He bath two Chapels, 
+which they call Chambers, which are the Oracles of the 
+People . In one of which he'fordels Goods the other HE 
+He gives Anfwer in privates rind takes Meat from them 
+that confult him. He refufecl Meat from the Bland of Ger~ 
+manicus Csefar, who died not long after . He alts, for the 
+mojl parts infecret : But when he pleafes to appear publick- 
+lys the Officers go before and clear the Way ; and a Flock of 
+Boys attend him, Jinging Ferfes to his Honour . He feems 
+to underfland Ftings , aoid to expelt Worjhip. Once a Year 
+a Cozv is floeivn unto hints who hath her Marks (though 
+different from his ;) \and this Cow is always both found and 
+hilled the fa?ne Day* So far Pliny . To which Adi an 
+adds. Float the Cow that conceives Apis, conceives him not 
+
+
+a Auguft. de Civitate Dei, lib. 18. 
+1 . 8. c. 40. c Herodot. lib. 3. 
+
+Z 2 
+
+
+b Plin. Hid. Nat. 
+
+
+
+
+/ 
+
+
+24 -° Of Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+by a Bull , but by Lightning. _ a Cambyfes , King of Ajjyria , 
+gave no Credit to thefe Trifles; and ftruck Apis in the 
+Thigh with his Sword, to (hew, by the Wounds 
+bleeding, that he was no God : But his Sacrilege did 
+notpafs (as they pretend) unpuniflred. 
+
+
+
+$,}j' 
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+1 
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+
+
+C 34 * ) 
+
+
+
+
+
+A N 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+■Concerning the GODDESSES that make 
+
+the GODS.. 
+
+
+HOSE GoddeJJes (whofe Images are finally 
+and all painted in one Picture) are the 
+Virtues 3 by whofe Favour, not only the 
+Dii Adfcriplitii , but all the other Gods 
+befides, were advanced to Heaven, and 
+t with the utmoft Veneration. 
+You fee fome Vices among ft them (for they had Altars 
+dedicated to them too) which, like Shades, encreafe 
+the Luftre of the Virtues ; whofe Brightnefs is doubled 
+by the Reflection of the Colours. To both of them 
+there are adjoining fome Gods, either favouring orop- 
+pofing them. I {hall fay fomething briefly, accord¬ 
+ing to my .Defign, of them. 
+
+4 
+
+* 
+
+\ 
+
+:2 3 CHAP. 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+C H A P. I. 
+
+SECT. I. The Virtues which are Goddefics 
+
+and good Deities. 
+
+H E Ancients not only worfhipped the feveral 
+iL Species of Virtues , but alfo Virtue herfelf, as a 
+Godtlefs. Therefore, firft of her, and then of the 
+others. 
+
+
+SECT. II. Virtue and Honour. 
+
+
+& 
+
+
+
+virtue derives her Name from Vir, beeaufe Virtue is 
+the mofl manly Ornament . a She was efteemed a 
+'sfsry b and worthipped in the Habit of an elderly 
+Matron fitting upon a-fquare Stone. c M. Marcellas 
+dedicated a Temple to her; and hard by placed ano¬ 
+ther, that was dedicated to Honour : The Temple of 
+Virtue was the Paffage to the Temple of Honour .; by 
+which was fignined, that by Virtue alone true Honour 
+is attained. The Priefts facrificed to Honour with bare 
+Heads, and we ufually uncover our Heads when-we 
+fee honourable and worthy Men ; and fince Honour it- 
+felf is valuable and eftimable, it is no Wonder if fuch 
+E.efpe£l: is fhewn in celebrating its Sacrifices. 
+
+
+
+" Ciccronis Qnzetz. Tufc. 2. b Auguft. a. de Civitate 
+
+D . T • 1 * 
+
+cj, c. io. c Liv. 1. 2 . 
+
+* - 
+
+
+SECT 
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens . 343 
+
+
+SECT. III. Faith. 
+
+JflD E S had a Xemple at Rome? near the Capitol? 
+
+which a Numa Pomp Hi us (as it is faid) firft confe- 
+crated to her. b Her Sacrifices were performed with¬ 
+out Slaughter^ or Blood fpilt. The Heads and Hands 
+of the Priefts were covered with a white Cloth when 
+they facrificed ; becaufe Faith ought to be clofe and fecret. 
+Virgil calls her c Cana Fides ; either from the Candour of 
+. the Mindy from whenGe Fidelity proceeds ; or becaufe 
+Faith is chiefly obferved by aged Perfons. The Symbol 
+of this Goddefs was a white Dog , which is a faithful 
+Creature. d Another Symbol of her was two Hands 
+joined ; or two young Ladies flaking Hands . For, e by 
+giving the Fight handy they engaged their Faith for their 
+future Friend/hip . 
+
+
+
+
+344 Of Gods of ihe Heathens. 
+
+Rome. We have already related in what Manner ftops 
+was left and preferred in the Bottom of Pandora's 
+Box, 
+
+
+SECT. V. Justice. 
+
+‘^fZJftice was deferibed like a Virgin with a piercing 
+f/ ftedfaft Eye, a fevere Brow, her Afpedf awful, 
+noble, and venerable. Amongft the Egyptians , Alex¬ 
+ander fays, that file has no Head j and that her Left- 
+hand was ftretched forth and open* The Greeks called 
+her Aftreea^ as v/e faid before. 
+
+
+SECT. VI. Piety. 
+
+/$TiliuS' i the Duumvir , dedicated a Chapel to this 
+Goddcfs at Rome , in the Place where that Woman 
+lived, who fed her Mother in the Prifon with the Milk 
+of her Breafts. The Story is this : a The Mother was 
+ploughed with Imprifomnent ; her Daughter , zvbo was an 
+ordinary Woman, then gave Suck ; Jbe came to the Prifon 
+frequently , and the Gaoler always fearched her , to fee that 
+y he carried no Food to her Mother : At lajl Jhe was found 
+giving Suck to her Mother with her Breafts . This extraor¬ 
+dinary Piety of the Daughter gained the Mother's Freedom ; 
+and they both were afterwards maintained at the Pub lick 
+Charge , while they lived \ and the Place was confccrated to 
+the Goddcfs Piety . There is a like Example in the b Gre- 
+cian Hifiory, of a certain Woman, who by her Breads 
+nourifhed Gymon , her aged Father, who was imprifoned j 
+and fupported him with her ovvn Milk. 
+
+
+
+Plin. Hiil. Nat. 1 . 7. c. 36. 
+3 > 
+
+
+b Valerius Maximus, 
+
+
+
+d Liv . ?. 10. 
+
+£ 
+
+/ 
+
+
+great 
+
+
+346 Of the Gods of the Heathens * 
+
+great Breach was made between them : Hereupon Vir¬ 
+ginia ft rove by fome extraordinary Aflion So blot out 
+the Difgrace which file had received ; and therefore file 
+built a Chapel in the long Street where £he lived, and 
+adorned it with an Altar ; to which (he invited the 
+Plebeian Matrons, and complaining to them* that the 
+Ladies of Quality had ufed her fo barbaroufly ; I dedi¬ 
+cate? fays file, this Altar to Pudicitia Plebeia ; and I defire 
+of you that you will as much adore Chaftity, as the Men do 
+Honour ; that this Altar may be followed by purer and more 
+chafe Notaries? than the Altar 0/Pudicitia Patricia* if it 
+be pofifiible . Both thefe Altars were reverenced almoft 
+with the fame Rites, and no Matron but of approved 
+Chaftity, and who had been married but once, had 
+Leave to facrilice here. It is, befides, faid in Hiftory, 
+that the Women, who were contented with one Mar¬ 
+riage, were ufually rewarded with a a Crown ofGhaJlity a 
+
+
+a Corona pudicitia?, Val. Max. ft 2. de Jnfiitut. 
+
+SECT. X. Truth. 
+
+CJ^R. UP PI? the Mother of Virtue? b is painted in Gar- 
+- 11 rnents, as white as Snow 5 her Looks are ferene, 
+plea fant, courteous, chearful, and yet modeft ; fhe is 
+the Pledge of all Konefty, Bulwark of Honour, the 
+Light and Joy of human Society. c She is commonly 
+accounted the Daughter of Pime and Saturn ; becaufe 
+Truth is difeovered in the Courfe of Time : But Demo* 
+alius feigns chat file lies hid in the Bottom of a Well. 
+
+
+b * Philoft. in Heroic, & Amp. c Plut. in Quseft. 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+SECT, 
+
+
+
+f Plut. inCimon. 2 Herod ot. I. 2. 
+
+
+34 S Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Ears of Corn in her Hands, and crowned‘with Olives 
+and Laurel, or fometimes Rofes. Her particular Sym¬ 
+bol was a Gaduceus, a white Staff, borne by Ambaffadors 
+when they go to treat of Peace, 
+
+
+SECT. XIV. Health. 
+
+T H E. Gcddcfs Sains was fo much honoured by the 
+
+Romans , that anciently feverai Holy-days were 
+appointed in which they worfhipped her. a There was 
+a Gate at Rc?ne called Porta faint arts , becaufe it was 
+near to the Temple of Salus .. Her Image was the Fi¬ 
+gure of a Woman fitting on a Throne, and holding & 
+Bowl in her Right-hand. Hard by flood her Altar, a 
+Snake twining round it, and lifted up his Head toward 
+it. The Augurium Saint is- was heretofore celebrated in 
+theTame Place; which was intermitted for fome Time, 
+and renewed again by Augujlus . b It was a Kind of Di¬ 
+vination, by which they begged Leave of the Gods 
+that the People might pray for Peace ; as though it 
+was unlawful to pray for it before they had Leave. A 
+Day in every Year was fet apart for that Purpofe, upon 
+which none of the Roman Armies might either march 
+or engao-e. 
+
+
+a Macrob. Saturn, i.c. 16. 
+Idtian. Mifccl. c. 12. 
+
+
+Dion. L 27. Aug. 
+
+
+SJiCl 
+
+
+XV. Fidelity 
+
+
+HI S Goddefs alfo, a fays St. Aujrin , hath her Tern- 
+.JL pie and her Altar, and fuitablc Sacrifices were 
+performed to her. They represented her like a vene¬ 
+rable Matron fitting upon a Throne, and holding a' u 
+white Rod in her Right-hand, and a great Horn of 
+plenty in her Left. 
+
+
+* Auouft. de Civ. Dei, J* 4. c. iS 
+
+
+b Caduceus. 
+
+SECT, 
+
+
+
+SECT. XVI. L ibertv, 
+
+A S the Romans were, above all Things, careful of 
+
+their Liberty, efpecially after the Expulfion of the 
+Kings, when they fet themfelves at Liberty, a fo they 
+built a Temple to Liberty, amongft the Number of their 
+other Goddeffes . And Cicero tells us, that Clodius con— 
+fecrated his Houfe to her. 
+
+
+Lil. Gyrald. Sync. 
+
+
+SECT. XVII 
+
+
+M ONIY„ 
+
+
+
+HEY invoiced Pecunia as a Goddefs, that they 
+might be rich, and fo they worfhipped the God 
+jEfculanus, and his Son Argentium, that they might 
+have Plenty of Brafs and Silver: They efteem ed.j£f- 
+culanus, the Father o f Argent inns, becaufe B rafs - Money 
+was ufed before Silver . And 1 zvonder, b fays St. Au~ 
+gujline , that Aurinus was not made a God after Argen- 
+tin us, becaufe Silver Money zvas followed by Gold. To 
+this Goddefs, Money, O how many apply their Devo¬ 
+tions to this Day; what Vows do they make, and at 
+what Altars do they importune, that they may fill their 
+Coffers! If you have thofe Gods, c fays Menander, if you 
+have Silver and Gold at Home, afe whatever you pleafe, 
+you Jhall have it, the very Gods t he wjelves will be at your 
+Service , 
+
+
+b Miror autem quod Argentinus non genuit Aurinum,quia 
+Sz aurea pecunia fubfecuta ed. Aug. de Civit. Dei, 1 . 4. c. 2 r, 
+c Hos Deos Aurutn & Argentum fi clomi habeas, quicquid 
+voles, roga, tibi omnia aderunt, ipfos habebis vel miniflrantes 
+S)eos. Menander ap. Stob. or de laude auri. 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+35 ° 
+
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+VIII. Mirth. 
+
+
+
+
+if Tcurgus ridiculoufly creeled an Image amongft the 
+:i Laccd(C?nomans , to the God Rifus, The The[[a~ 
+lia? 7 s> of the City Hypata^ every Year lacrificed to this 
+God, with great Jollity. 
+
+
+a Plut. in Lycurgo. 
+
+SECT. XIX. The Good Genius. 
+
+nr 11 1 ~I I S GW, called b Bourn Genius , had a Temple 
+A in the Way that leads to the Mountain Mrsnalus^ 
+as fays Pattfanias. And, at the End of the Supper, 
+they offered a Cup to him filled with.Wine and Water. 
+Some fay that the Cup had more Water than Wine, 
+others fay the contrary ; This Cup was called * c The 
+Grace Cup . 
+
+
+b Grtece ay a Oc? Sso?. 
+
+Genii. 
+
+
+c Viy^Ga Accit/Sj’.oq poculum boili 
+
+
+C H A P. n. 
+
+♦ 
+
+SECT. I. The Vices, and Evil 
+
+Deities. 
+
+
+Call thofe Evil Deities which oppofe our Happinefs, 
+S. and many Times do us Mi (chief. And fir ft, of 
+the Vices to which Temples have been confecrated. 
+
+
+SECT, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+
+35 £ 
+
+SECT. II. 
+
+" A HAT Envy is a Goddefs , appears by the Con- 
+JL feffion of Pallas 0 who owned that /he v/as aflifr- 
+ed by her to In fc£i a young Lady, called ylglaurosy with 
+her Poifon. Ovid defer! bcs the a Home where ;'he 
+dwells, in very elegant Verfe, and afterwards gives a 
+moE: beautiful Defcription of b Envy lierfelf. 
+
+
+- n Protinus In-v idiot szigro fqualcutia fa bo 
+d^efta petit: dc??ms efi i?nis in ajaUibus anlri 
+slbdita> file c areas y nec ulli per'jicc asenio ; 
+
+^Ttufi/Sy tdf ignaasi pleaifizma firigorisy Cff qua? 
+
+Jgneajacetfesnper , caliginefewper abundet „ Ovid. Met. 1 . 2, 
+r Then ftrait to Enrvy *s Cell lhe bends her Way, 
+
+Which all with putrid Gore infedled lay ; 
+
+Deep in a gloomy Cave’s obfeure Recefs, 
+
+No Beams could e’er that horrid Maniion blc/s 5 
+No Breeze e’er fann’d it ; but about it roll’d 
+Eternal Woes, and ever lazy Cold: 
+
+No Spark ihone there, but eve Halting Gloom 
+Impenetrably dark obfeur’d the Room. 
+h Pallor in ore fidety ?/:acics in ccrpore tcto 9 
+Nufquean reft a aciesy liaseni rubigine denies 7 
+Peft or a felle ajirenty lingua efi fujfifia ascacao 9 
+Rijns a befiy niji que?n r oifi mon^ere Mores* 
+
+Nec jriiitur fi.oino asigilantibus cxcita cur is, 
+
+Sed videt bzgrato •, intabefiitque as idea do, 
+
+Succejfus bozninum ; carpitque 13 carpitur unity 
+
+SzifpliciuniqueJnum efi --• 
+
+A deadly Palenefs in her CJieeks was feen. 
+
+Her meagre Skeleton fcarce cas’d with Skin : 
+
+o 4 " 
+
+Her Looks awry; and everlafting Seoul 
+
+•Sits on her Brows ; her Teeth deform’d and foul. 
+
+Her Break had Gall, more than her Break could hold : 
+Beneath her Tongue black Clots of Poifon roll’d : 
+
+No Smiles e’er fmooth’d her furrow’d Brows, but thofc 
+Which rife from common Miichiefs. Plagues, and Woes, 
+Her liyes, mere Strangers to the Sweets of Sleep. 
+D-evouring Spite for ever waking keep. 
+
+
+Q T? C T 
+
+
+
+3 5 2 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+SECT. III. Contumely -and 
+
+Impudence. 
+
+H E S E two Flees were both adored by the a A- 
+JL thenians; and particularly, it is faid, they were 
+reprefented by a Partridge \ which is efteemed a very 
+impudent Bird. 
+
+
+She fees blcfs’d Men with vaft SucceiTes crown’d. 
+
+Their Joys diftraft her, and their Glories wound : 
+
+She kills abroad, herfelf’s con fam’d at Home, 
+
+And her own Crimes are her perpetual Martyrdom. 
+a Paufanias in Attic. Cic. z. de leg. Theophraftus de leg. 
+
+SEC T. IV. Calumny. 
+
+> r “|P ,s H E fame People erec?ced an Altar to Calumny . 
+
+JL b Apelles painted her thus : c There fits a Man 
+with great and open Ears, inviting Calumny, with his 
+Hand held out, to come to him.: And two Women, 
+Ignorance and Sufpicion , ftand near him. Calumny breaks 
+out in a Fury \ her Countenance is comely and beau¬ 
+tiful ; her Eyes fparkle like Fire, and her Face is in¬ 
+flamed with Anger ; fhe holds a lighted Torch in her 
+
+O 7 
+
+Left Pland, and with her Right twills a young Man’s 
+Neck, who holds up his Hands in Prayer to the Gods. 
+Before her goes Envy pale and nafty: On her Side are 
+Fraud and Confpiracy : Behind her follows Repentance, 
+clad in Mourning, with her Cloaths Horn; who turns 
+her Plead backward, as If (lie looked for Truth, who 
+comes flowly after. 
+
+
+b Idem apud Diogen. c Lucian, lib. de non temere 
+credendis calumniis. 
+
+
+SECT, 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens* 
+
+
+SECT. V< Fraud. 
+
+X HIS Deity a wasdefcribed with an human Face, 
+
+_ but a Serpent's Sody: In the End ot her Tail 
+
+V/as a Scorpions’s Sting : She fwims through the River 
+Cocytus , and nothing appears above Water but her 
+Head. 
+
+
+
+a Bocat. in Gen* Deox*. 
+
+
+SECT. VI. Dire or Do 
+
+
+P Etrordus Arbiter , where he treats of the Civil War 
+betwixt Poinpey and Cafa>~* has given a ^beautitul 
+Defcription ot the CJoddefs Difcordia . 
+
+
+b Intremuere tubes, ac fcijfo Difcordia crine 
+Extulzt ad/uperos Stygium caput. Hujus in ore 
+Cone ret us Jdnguis contujaq ; lumina flebant j 
+Stab ant as ratafcabrd rubigine dentes 
+faboriingua Jlus/is; cljcjfa draccnibus ora ; 
+
+Atq\ inter tor a laceratazn peStore e ueJlejn 9 
+Sauguinea?n trcmula quatiebat lamp ad a dexira. 
+
+The Trumpets found, and with a difnaal Yell 
+WildDifcord riles from the Vale of Hell: 
+
+From her {well'd Eyes there ran a briny Flood, 
+
+And clotted Gore upon her Vifage flood: 
+
+Around her Head Terpentine Elf-locks hung* 
+
+And Streams of Blood flow’d from her fable Tongue 
+Her tatter’d Cloaths her yellow Skin betray, 
+
+(An Emblem of the Bread: on which they lay) . 
+And brandifh’d Flames her trembling Hand obey. 
+
+
+
+A a 
+
+
+SECT. 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens , 
+
+
+SECT, VII, Fury. 
+
+
+J/URY is defcribed fometimes chained, fometimes 
+raging and revelling, with her Chains broke; but 
+51 Virgil chufes to defcribe her bound in Chains, 
+though b Petronius defcribes her at Liberty, unbound. 
+
+
+
+—- Furor impius hit us 
+
+Satva flcdens fuper arnu.g. & centum vindius abenis 
+
+Pofl ter gum nod is, /remit borridus ore crucnto . ^En. 1* 
+
+-Within fits impious War 
+
+On curfed Arms, bound with a thoufand Chains, 
+
+And horrid, with a bloody Mouth, complains. 
+
+■.. . Furor , abrupt is , cat liber , habenis 
+
+Sanguine um late tollh caput; craque mille 
+Vaineribns confojfa cruenta caffide vclat* 
+
+Htzret detritus lava: Mavortius umbo 
+
+4 
+
+Innumcrabilibus tel is gravis , atq; flagranti 
+Stipite dextra minax tends incendia port at, 
+
+Diforder’d Rage, from brazen Fetters freed, 
+
+Afcends to Earth with an impetuous Speed: 
+
+Her wounded Face a bloody Helmet hides* 
+
+And her Left -\rm a batter’d Target guides : 
+
+Red Brands of Fire, fupportedin her Right, 
+
+The impious World with Flames and Ruin fright. 
+
+
+SECT. VIII. Fame. 
+
+c jyAiifanias and Plutarch fay, that there were Tem- 
+
+pj es alfo dedicated to Fame . c She is finely and 
+
+delicately defcribed by Virgil , which Defcription I will 
+
+put 
+
+
+c Paufanias in Atticis. d Pint, in Camillo, 
+c Fama> malum quo non edited velocitts zdlum, 
+
+Mo bill t ate viget , vire/q; acquirit eundo • 
+
+Parva metu primo ; mox fefe attollit in auras,, 
+Ingrediturque folo , & caput inter tiubila condit » 
+
+
+
+p\it at the End of this Section to fave you the Trou¬ 
+ble of confulting the Book, though it is common 5 and 
+itdeferves not only to be remembered, but tranfcribed 
+into all Books as there is Occafion. 
+
+
+
+Ill am Terra parens , irritata Deornm 
+Extremam, ut per hi bent , C&o Enccladoqne fororem 
+Progenuit, pedibus celerem Zd pcrnicibus alii : 
+
+Monflrutn -b or rend 11772, ingens, cut quot funt cor pore plutn&s 
+Tot vigiles ocidi fubter , mirabile didiu / 
+
+Tot. lingitee, totidem ora fonasit, tot fubrigit aureSk, 
+
+Nodie uolat cceli medio, terratque per umbram > 
+
+Stridens, 71 ec didci decli? 7 at lumina fomno • 
+
+Luce fledet cuflns aut fianmi cuhnzne te£ii$ 
+
+Turribus aut alt is, td rnagnas t errit at urbes , 
+
+Ta?n fldii praviq; tenax , quam n unci a <veri. lEn, 
+
+Fa?ne , the great Til, from fmall Beginnings grows. 
+
+Swift from the firft, and ev’ry Moment brings 
+New Vigour to her Flights, new Pinions to her Wings* 
+Soon grows the Pigmy to gigantick Size, 
+
+Her Feet on Earth, her Forehead in the Skies* 
+
+Enrag’d againft the Gods, revengeful Earth, 
+
+Produc’d herlaft of the Tita?2ian Birth. 
+
+Swift is her Walk, more fwift her winged Hafte» 
+
+A monftrous Phantom, horrible and vail: 
+
+As many Plumes as raife her lofty Flight, 
+
+So many piercing Eyes enlarge her Sight: 
+
+Millions of op’ning Mouths to Fame belong. 
+
+And ev'ry Mouth is furmih’d with a Tongue, 
+
+And round with lill'ning Ears the flying Plague is hung. 
+
+She fills the peaceful Univerfe with Cries; 
+
+No Slumbers ever clofe her wakeful Eyes : 
+
+By Day from lofty Tow’rs her Head The Thews, 
+
+And Tpreads thro’ trembling Crouds difaftrous News* 
+With Court-Informers haunts, and Royal Spies, 
+
+Things done relates, not done The feigns, and mingles Truth 
+
+with Lyes. 
+
+Talk is her BuTinefs, and her chief Delight 
+To tell of Prodigies, and caufe Affright, 
+
+
+
+A a 2 
+
+
+SFCL 
+
+
+
+35 6 Of the Gods of the Heathens . 
+
+
+S E C T. IX. Fortune. 
+
+W HY was Fortune made a Gcddefs, fays a St. An - 
+
+gujVine , fince flic comes to the cW cwi the Bad 
+without cmy "judgment? She is fo blind, that without 
+Diilin< 5 iion file runs to rny-body ; and many tim Mhe 
+-paths by tiiofe that admire her, and flicks to ihufcmat 
+defpife her : ho that 6 "fuvenal had P eafon >c fpeak in 
+the Manner he does to her. Yet the Tempi us that 
+have been confecrated to her, and the Names which 
+{lie has had, are innumerable •> the chief of them I 
+will point out to you. 
+
+She was Ailed A urea- or Renin Fortuna ; and c an 
+
+_ _ _ s O * 
+
+Image of her fo {filed was ufually kept in the Em¬ 
+
+peror’s Chamber, and when one died, it was removed to 
+the Palace of his S needier. 
+
+She was worfhipped in the Capitol under the ,l Title 
+of Bona 5 and in the Efquilia under the Title of Mala. 
+
+Servius Fullus had in his Court a Chapel dedicated 
+to c Fortuna Barbata : She was called Brevis , or Parva , 
+in the fame Place. 
+
+She is alfo called Caeca., Blind. Neither is Hie only, 
+fays f Cicero , blind herfelf, but file many times makes 
+thofe blind that enjoy her. 
+
+In fome Infcriptions {lie is called s Confervatrix. 
+The Praetor Fubuius Fla ecus , in Spain , when the 
+
+laft Battle was fought with the Ccltiberi , vowed a 
+
+
+a Aug. de Civit. 1 . I. c. i 8. 
+
+b Nullum numen abejl fzJit prudentia ; fed te 
+
+Nos facitnusy Fortuna , Deam , cccloque localities* Sat. 20. 
+
+Fortune is never worth?pp\l by the Wife, 
+
+But (he, by Fools fet up, ufurps the Skies. 
+c Spart. in Severo. Gyr. Syntagm. 15. d Plin. Sc Cic. 
+e Plut. in QuasfL f Dc Aniicitia. s Ap. Gyr. Synt. 15. 
+
+"Chapel 
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Ueathe?2s* 
+
+
+357 
+
+
+Chapel to a Fortune Equcflris, becaufe he in the Battle 
+commanded the Bridles to be taken offthe Horfes, that 
+they might run upon the Enemy with the greater Force*, 
+and V io.enee, wherebv he got the Victory. 
+
+Fr*r< Fortuna , or •' Fo'tzs Fortune- was another of her 
+Names ; and ille was worshipped by thofe who lived 
+without any Art or Care at ail. 
+
+She had a Chape! near the Temple of Venus , where 
+five was ‘jailed c .afoula, and d Pirilis Mafculina . 
+
+She was called c AJulicbris , becaafe the Mother and 
+the Wife of Coriolanu f faved the City of Home, And 
+when her Im.ire was confecrated in their Prefence, f it 
+
+l 
+
+fpoke thefe Words twice. Ladles , y^z/ dedicated me 
+as you fhould do, z Yet it was not lawful for all Matrons 
+to touch this Image, but for thofe only who had not 
+been married twice. 
+
+Ma?nmofa , either from her Shape, or becaufe fine 
+fupplics us with Plenty. 
+
+Semins Tull us dedicated a Temple to For tuna Obfe- 
+queasy - becaufe fhc obeys the Wifhes of Men. The 
+fame Prince wonhipped her, and built her Chapels, 
+where fhe was called by thefe following Titles : 
+
+Pvmigeuia , J ‘ becaufe both the City and the Empire 
+received their Origin from her. 
+
+Privata , or 1 1 Propria: She had a Chapel in the 
+Court, which that Prince ufej fo familiarly, that fhe 
+was thought to go down through a little Window 
+into Ills Houle. 
+
+Pier Temple at Preenejie^ k from whence fhe was 
+called Prcenejlina , was more famous and notable than 
+
+
+a Vide Livium, 1 . 41, 42. b Confide enndem Livium, 
+h 27. c Plutarch de Port. Roman. <l Ovid. Fad or. 1 . 4. 
+c Dion. 1 . 8. f Rite me, Matrons, dedicates. Auguten. 
+1. 4. c. 19. Val. Max. 1 . 2. c. 8. s Serv. 1114. JEn eid. 
+8. h Plutarch. 1 Ibid. k Liv, 1 . 52. Sueton. in Domic, 
+c, 15. 
+
+
+A a 3 
+
+
+ali 
+
+
+35 8 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Jleathens 
+
+
+^11 the reft, becaufe very true Oracles were uttered 
+there. 
+
+JDomitia?! confecrated a Chapel to a . Fortuna Re dux. 
+
+In ancient Infcriptions fhe is named b Stata . 
+
+To c Virgo Fortuna the little Coats of the young 
+Girls were prefented. 
+
+Laftly, fhe was called d Vifcata or Vifcofa , becaufe we 
+#re caught by her as Birds are with Bird-Lime 5 in 
+which Senfe Seneca fays, c Kindnejfes are 
+
+
+a Mart. 1 . 8. b A pud. Gyrald. c Arnobius 2. adver- 
+fus Gentes. tl Plutarch, in Quccft. c Beneficia funt vif¬ 
+cofa. Seneca de Beneficiis. 
+
+- • « • 
+
+
+SECT. X. The Fever. 
+
+TpEbris (the Fever) had her Altars and Temples in 
+the Palace. f She was worfhipped that fhe fhould 
+not hurt: And for the fame Reafon they worfhipped 
+all the other Gods and Goddefles of this Kind. 
+
+Fear and Palettef$ were fuppofed to be Gods, £ and 
+worfhipped by Tullus Hoftilius , h when in the Battle 
+betwixt the Romans and the Vejentes it was told him, 
+that the Albans had revolted, and the Romans grew a r 
+fraid and pale ; for, in this doubtful Conjecture, he 
+yowed a Temple to Pallor and Pavor . 
+
+The People of Gadara 1 made Poverty and Art God- 
+defles, becaufe the $rjl whets the Wit for the Difcovery 
+
+of the other, 
+
+> * * 
+
+NeceJJity and Violence had their Chapel upon the Aero- 
+<Corinthus , but it was a Crime to enter into it. 
+
+j&f. H/larcelUnas dedicated a Chapel to Fempe/las , 
+
+1 i n* in anw■■i in [ ■wi—iT‘imipr.cT»*i aa» wpcm —— 
+
+* • " 
+
+f Cic. 3, de Nat. & 2, de Leg. £ Auguftin. 1 . 4. c» 18. 
+r Liv. 1 . i. 1 Arrian apud Gyr. Syntagm. 4. 
+
+• With- 
+
+
+Of the Gods of the Heathens\ 
+
+
+
+without the Gate of Capena , after he had efcaped a fevere 
+Tempeft in a Voyage into the Ifland of Sicily . 
+
+
+S E C To XI. SfLENCE. 
+
+B OTH the Romans and ^Egyptians worfhipped the 
+Gods and Goddefles of Silence . The Latins parti¬ 
+cularly worfhipped a Angeronia and Tacita , whofe Image 
+(they fay) flood upon the Altar of the Goddefs Volupia 
+with its Mouth tied up and fealed, b becaufe they, who 
+endure their Cares with Silence and Patience , do by that 
+Means procure to themfelves the greateft Pleafure. . 
+
+The Egyptians worfhipped Harpocratis , as the God of 
+Silence , c after the Death of O/iris . He was the Son of 
+IJis. They offered the Firft-Fruits of the Lentils and 
+Pulfe to him. They confecrated the Tree Perfect to 
+him, becaufe the Leaves of it werefhaped like a Tongue, 
+and the Fruit like an Heart. Fie was painted naked, 
+and the Figure of the Boy, crowned with an Egyptian 
+Mitre, which ended at the Points as it were in two 
+Buds : He held in his Left-hand a Horn of Plenty, 
+whilft a Finger in his Right-hand was upon his Lip, 
+thereby commanding Silence . 
+
+And therefore I fay no more; neither can I bettcrbe 
+filent, than when a God commands.me to be fo : Not- 
+■withflanding I am not fo careful of the Direction or the 
+vain Commands of thissm/te God , this pi ecus puer^ pitchy 
+Youth (as Martianus calls him, becaufe the Complexion 
+of the Egyptians is black) but as there is a Time to fpeak , 
+fo there is a Tune to hold one's Peaces as we are affined 
+by the Mouth of the Wife Man from that one and true 
+
+
+a MacrobiusSat. Plut.In Numa. Plin. 1 . 3. b Quod qul 
+fuosangores (unde Angeroniadidla ell) aequo animoferunt, 
+peryeniunt ad jnaximam yoluptatem. c Epiph. 3 contra 
+‘Sbferejes* 
+
+God* 
+
+
+A a 4 
+
+
+360 Of the Gods of the Heathens. 
+
+Gad, who fpeaks once for. an .Eternity* and in one 
+Word exprefies all "Things 5 whereas how little have 
+I expvefTed all this "Time in a Multitude of Words? 
+Plow vain have I been, and troublefome to you, Palteo « 
+pbrlus P M v long, idle, and unfkilful Difcourfes have 
+been very tedious and troublefome to you 5 1 acknow-. 
+ledge my Fault, and (hall fay no more for Shame. 
+
+P. But I muft not be filent ; for, deareft Sir, your 
+extraordinary Civility tome, as well as your great Merit, 
+commands meat all Times and Places to fpeak and write 
+of you with Honour, to exprefs my Gratitude as much 
+as I can that Way* if I am not fo able to do it in ano¬ 
+ther* 
+
+
+
+A N 
+
+
+
+
+ters contained in this Book* 
+
+
+A 
+
+
+Abfyrius torn to Ficces by Ills Sifter Medea 
+Achelous , turns himlelf into a Serpent, then, i 
+
+
+a 
+
+
+A Be on a. or Adeona, was a guardian Goddefs to grown 
+
+Perfons Page 290 
+
+305 
+
+into a Bull ; in 
+
+which Shape lie is conquered by Hercules 
+Acheron 1 one of the infernal Rivers 24S 
+
+Achilles , his Birth, 329- And Education, ibid. Invulnera¬ 
+ble, fave only - in the Foot, ibid. Hid by his Mother to 
+prevent his going to Broy, and difeovered by Ulyjfes , 330 
+Kills Keeior, and is himfelf killed by Baris ib.d . 
+
+Acidalia , one of the Titles of Fenus 112 
+
+Aconitum , Wolf-bane, grew ftrft out of the Vomit of Cer¬ 
+berus 300 
+
+Aftaeon, turned into a Deer by Diana , and torn in Pieces 
+by his oun Dogs 21S 
+
+Adonis, Fenus's Gallant, killed by a Boar, and by Fenus 
+turned into the Flower of Ane??ione 126 
+
+Adraflcea , the lame with. Nemejts , one of the Goddeftes of 
+Juftice. 195 
+
+Adfcriptitii Dii, Gods of the lower Rank and Dignity 7 
+Abacus, one of the infernal Judges 
+
+Abcajlor, 
+
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+9 0 
+
+JEcaftor, an Oath only ufed by Women, as Hercle was ufed 
+only by Men 3 j j 
+
+JEdspol , an Oath ufecl both by Men and Women 
+
+265 
+
+
+
+*0//- one of the Giants 
+
+
+
+'igcusy drowns himfelf in the Sea, which from him was 
+aftez wards called the JEgnan Sea ‘ 306 
+
+SEgis, Jupiter's Shield, described 13 
+
+wEgina, debauched by Jupiter in the Shape of Fire 15 
+Sidle, cne of the Harpyes 271 
+
+
+Aeolus, the God of tlie Winds 
+
+
+164 
+
+
+JEfcklapiitSy his Birth, Education, and wondeful Shill in 
+1 hy£c, ref ores the Dead to Life, 3 17. Jupiter , on Plu¬ 
+to's Complaint, firikes him dead with Thunder, 318, He 
+is vvorihipped as a God, ibid. His Children 319 
+
+sEJidatuis, c• n e of the G ods of Weal th 349 
+
+'on, the Father *. f Jafr.n ; when very old and decrepid, 
+reflored to Y. nth by Medea 305- 
+
+AEta, the Father of Medea, and King* of Colchis ibid\ 
+
+Aft hr a, the Wife of Sirius 324 
+
+JEtnarusy one of the Titles of Vulcan . 157 
+
+Agamemnon > chof.n General againll fTroy ; at his Return 
+murdered by his Wife Clytemncjira 3 12 
+
+Aganippe, and Aganippides , the common Names of the Mu- 
+fes, 19 r. Nymphs of P/.arbus 224 
+
+Agcncria, a guardian Goddels to adult Perfons 290 
+
+Agelajlus , and Agjlh.us, Names of Pluto 252 
+
+Aglaia , one of the Graces 123 
+
+Agrevus, one of the Names of Arift&us 207 
+
+Ajax, kills himfclf, and hfs Blood is turned into Violets 332 
+At as Lccutiusy a tutelar God to adult Perfons 
+Allien, a Giant killed by ifev/z/tv ' 301 
+
+Ale ides , one of the Names cf Hercules 296 
+
+Akitboc , t u rn ed in to a B a t 70 
+
+Alanena, deceived by Jupiter , who tran s formed himfelf into 
+the Shape of her Hufband Amphytrion 15 
+
+Alccioy one cf the Furies 2^9 
+
+Ale dry on turned into a Cock 82 
+
+and Alumnus, Titles of Jupiter, 23- Alma Mater, and 
+Altnxy Titles of Ceres " 182 
+
+Alocusy one of the Giants that warred againft Heaven' 265 
+Alp locus, attempts Diana, but is di fapp ointed 21& 
+
+Afiakh&a *s Horn d eferibed ' 13, 302 
+
+Amazot/s, 
+
+
+
+Aim us y 
+
+
+
+I N D E X.- 
+
+
+iS 
+of his 
+ibid . 
+232 
+
+3 1 5 . 
+86 
+
+291 
+
+359 
+
+301 
+124 
+
+
+287 
+
+
+Amazons, Military Women, defcribed, 307, Subdued by 
+Hercules , 299. Andby Vhefeits 307 
+
+Amberualia. Sacrifices offered to 186 
+
+Ambrujia, one of the Daughters of Atlas 324 
+
+Arnica, Aphrodite, Aphroditisy Anadyomene, it2. Apaluria, 
+iji, Artnata , no. AJlarte, Names and Titles of Venus 
+
+1 1 1 
+
+Amnion, or Hammon, one of Jupiter *s Nnines 
+Amphio?i, builds the Walls of 'Thebes by the Mafic 
+Harp, 328. This Fable explained 
+Amphy trite, Neptune ’s Wife 
+
+Andromeda, deliver’d by Perfcus from a Sea-Monfier 
+An cilia, holy Shields kept in the Temple of Mars 
+Angcrcna, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 
+Angeronia, one of the Goddefles of Silence 
+Antaeus, a Giant overcome by Hercules 
+Ant eras, one of the Names of Cupid 
+Ant evert a, Pojlverta, Prorja, Prof a , or Porrima, a tutelar 
+Goddefs to Women in Labour 
+Ant hi a, and Argiva, Titles of Juno 91 
+
+Antiope , debauched by Jupiter in the Shape of a Satyr 15 
+Auubis, an ^Egyptian God with a Dog’s Head 336 
+
+Aonides, the Mufes fo called . 192 
+
+Apaturia , a Title of Venus, ill, Feflivals folemnly kept in 
+Honour of Bacchus, called alfo Ambrofa and Afcolia 63 
+Apis, a God worshipped by the ^Egyptians under the Shape 
+'of an Ox, 336. A Defcription of him 33 9 
+
+Apcilo, his Image deferibed, 29. His Parentage, 30. Place 
+of Birth, and admirable Endowments, 3 1. His memora¬ 
+ble Actions, ibid . What was meant by the Fable o SApdlo 
+
+f 4* 
+
+Arachne, turned into a Spider by Minerva 103 
+
+Arcs , Mars fo called by the Greeks 80 
+
+Areopagus Mars’s Hill, fo called, becaufe Mars was there 
+tried for Inceft and Murder, 80. Capital Crimes always 
+tried there. ibid, 
+
+Areopagitcs, Judges of the greatefi Integrity ibid . 
+
+Arethuja, one of Diana’s Nymphs courted by A Ip he us, 223*. 
+Difcovers to Ceres , that Pluto carried away Proferpins , 
+255. Is turned into a Fountain whofe Water mixes 
+with the Stream of the River Alpheus in Sicily ibid\ 
+
+Argiva, one of the Names of Juno 9 1 
+
+Argonauts, 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+Argonauts, Jafons Companions, that went .with him to 
+fetch the golden Fierce ' 304 
+
+Urgenthit's, one of the Gods of Wealth 349“ 
+
+Argus, font L y j ana to keep lo, 89. Is killed by Mercury, 
+and afterwards by Jrtxo turned into a Peacock 90 
+
+Ariadne, married to Pbcfeus , and afterwards to Bacchus by 
+whom fhe was made a Conllellarion 307 
+
+Aricn, an admirable Mufician, robbed and thrown into the 
+Sea, 5 28. Carried fafe to Land on the Back of aDol- 
+phi 11 • ‘ 
+
+Arijratus, one of the rural Gods 
+Armata, a Title of Fcnus ' 
+
+Art, v/orfhipped as a Goddeis 
+Afcal ap, r :us, turned into an Owl 
+
+Games in Honour of Bacchus 
+hjteria, carried away by Jupiter, in tire Shape of an 
+
+
+Afcolt a. 
+
+
+ibid, 
+
+207 
+
+I IO 
+
+353 
+
+256 
+
+68 
+
+
+Eagle 
+
+16 
+
+
+Aft crete, one of the Daughters of At/as 3 74 
+
+AJirata, the''Princeis of juiticc 193, 344 
+
+Atalauta, and Hippomems, two nnfortunate Lovers, • their 
+Hiitory, 1 o. Are both turned into Lions * 120 
+
+Athena, one of the Names of /> liners a 99 
+
+Albania** murders his own Son search us '238 
+
+Atlas, fuflainsthe Heavens on his Shoulders, 323. Is re- 
+
+
+His 
+
+
+lieved b y Hercules, who holds them for him, it id. 
+Parentage, ibid . His Children, 324. Is turned into a 
+Stone by Pcrfcus, ibid. The Meaning of this Fable, ibid, 
+Aire ts, kills and feeds upon his own Child , 269 
+
+Atrop:s, one of the Fates 2 -; 8 
+
+Atys. Attcs, or At.lines, a .Favourite of Cybde, emafculates 
+himieli* 176 
+
+Atys, the Son of Crcejhs, born dumb, and reflored to his 
+Speech by a Fright ibid . 
+
+A~aern:is, a Lake or the Borders of Hell 246 
+
+A^v err uncus, a tutelar God to adult Perfcns 291 
+
+Anyas, his Stable contains three-thou fund Oxen, and yet 
+ckanfed in one Day by Hercules 299 
+
+A’AJhipcr, one of the Titles of Priapus 206 
+
+A urea, a Title of Fortune ~ 356 
+
+Aurora , Her Defcription, 133. Her Tefcent, 134. Car¬ 
+ries Cephalus and Pit bonus into Heaven ibid, 
+
+Autolycus, a ir.cit notorious Thief , 215 
+
+B. Baal, 
+
+
+
+INDEX 
+
+
+B. 
+
+
+4 6 
+
+
+r- fa 
+$ 6 
+
+
+TgAal? Beel, Beelphegor? BeeM.tlub? Bclscemen, Belas? Names 
+of '/opt ter • iq 
+
+Babylon? the Walls of it, one of the feven Wonders of 
+
+the World 
+
+Bacchus, his Image defcrihcd, 57. His Birth, 59. His fe- 
+verai Names, 6*. His Exploits, 6.{. r i he lev-end Sa¬ 
+crifices offered to him, 66. The hiltorical Meaning of the 
+Fable cf Bacchus, 70. The moral Scnieof it 73 
+
+Bacchanal i , .fiivals in Honour of Bacchus 69 
+
+Bacchev , P nolle lies of Bacchus? 67. Nymphs of Bcccbas 
+
+225 
+
+Barbata , one of the Titles cf Venus, ill. And one of ths 
+Titles ot Fortuuci 
+BaJJiirides , Nymphs of Bacchus 
+
+Bat/us? tui ned by Mercury into a Stone called Index 
+B Aides? fifty Daughters of Danaus? who all except one killed 
+their Huibands on the Wedding-Night, 268. The Pu- 
+niftmient they fuffer for it in ficll ibid. 
+
+Better c.pbon? his Parentage and admirable Chafllty, 316. Ex¬ 
+po led for it to m.'iiw Dangers, which he tfcaj.cs from, 
+316. Catches P y.. s. -ir.d on his BaHc deitroys the Chi- 
+nicer a 9 for which King , abates gives -d n his .Daughter ia 
+Marriage, ibid. Thi : Suctefs makes ni n vain and inlb- 
+lent, lor which J.-.pitn lurikes him with Mad fiefs, in which, 
+xniferable Londitijn he dies ibid* 
+
+Bell ropboPs Litters, 10:10 which any IkJnn carries to his 
+o w 11 Prc-j ud icc 336 
+
+BdUrus> King of Corinth s killed by Bt tth-ropbon 31 
+
+Beliicuy a Pi 11 a befoic the Temple of Bellows? over whic 
+the Herald throws a 6 pear when, he procl.r’ms War 78 
+Bettona , the Goddefs of War, 77. t:erOif. cs chid, 
+
+BAus, King o 1 .'Ijjp'i a? the frit to whom an Ido 1 , was fet op 
+and worihipped, 3. One of the Names of 'Jupiter E9 
+Bcneficium , worihipped by the JEihiopiuns 292 
+
+Berecynthia Muter? one of the Titles oi Cybele iyi 
+
+Berg ion, a Hi ant flam by Hcrcu ! es 30? 
+
+Biblis , tails in love wkh her Brother Conans? 56. Fines 
+away for Grief, dies and is turned into a Fountain 51 
+Biceps? and Bzfrons? two Names of Janus 149 
+
+B [forum* 
+
+
+
+INDEX, 
+
+
+Bijormrs, Bripeus, Bromius, Bimeter , Bimator, and Eugenes, 
+Names of Bacchus 6 i 
+
+of Erymantbia , tamed by Hercules 2 99 
+
+Bolina, a Nymph, drowns herfeJf, but is afterwards made 
+immortal 34 
+
+Bona Dea, one of the Titles of Cybele, 173* And of Far- 
+
+356 
+
+Bonus Daemon, one of the Titles of Priapus 206 
+
+Briareus, one of the Giants that warr’d ao-ainft Heaven 
+
+265 
+
+Brevis, one of the Titles of Fortune ' 356 
+
+Brtmo, and Bubajlis , Names of Hecate or Diana 214 
+
+Britomartis, made a Goddefs 215 
+
+Brovtaios , one of Jupiter 's Titles 25 
+
+Brum a, one of the Names of Bacchus 68 
+
+Brumalia, Feftivals in Honour of Bacchus ibid. 
+
+Bubona, a Deity prefiding over Oxen 228 
+
+Bull, of a prodigious Size and Fiercenefs, tamed by Hercules 
+
+299 
+
+Bulla , a golden Ornament worn about the Necks of the 
+Homan Youth • 280 
+
+Bunaea, one of Juno's Names 91 
+
+Bujiris , a cruel Tyrant, that offered human Sacrifices to his 
+Father Neptune , killed by Hercules, and facrificed to Nep¬ 
+tune 3 QI 
+
+C. 
+
+f^Nbiri, PrieHs of Cybele 
+^ CabaUinus Fons, the Mules Spring 
+
+
+177 
+
+- - .315 
+
+Cacus, the Son of Vulcan , 159. Proves a moll notorious 
+
+Robber, and is killed by Hercules 302 
+
+Cadmus, banilhed, 17. Builds the City of Thebes, invents 
+the greateft Part of the Greek Alphabet; fovvs the Teeth 
+of a Dragon in the Ground, from whence armed Men 
+fpring up ; marries Hermioiie ; both he and Hie are turned 
+into Serpents, 18. The Meaning of this Fable ibid . 
+
+Caduceus, Mercury's Wand, defcribed 
+
+Caeca, one of the Titles of Fortuna 
+C<£culus, a Robber, Vulcan's Son 
+Cam is, a Woman that turned herfelf into a Man 
+Calendar is, Caprotina, Citheronia , Curts , Curiiis, and Cinxia , 
+Names and Titles of Juno 91, 92 
+
+Cali/lo, debauched by Jupiter under the Shape of Diana , 15. 
+
+Turned 
+
+
+54 
+
+356 
+
+160 
+
+236 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+Turned into a Bear* and makes a ConfieXlation 1 6 
+Calliope, one of die Mules iSg 
+
+Calumny, worlhipped as a Goddefs 352 
+
+Ca?nbyjes , punifhed for wounding Apis with his Sword 340 
+Camillas, Ca/millus, or Cadmillus, one of the Names of 
+Mercury 52 
+
+Cami Hi, and Camilla , all Boys and Girls under Age io 
+called ibid, 
+
+Catncsna, a tutelar Goddefs to Infants 2SB 
+
+Canephoria, Sacrifices offered to Bacchus 6S 
+
+Canes, a Name of the Furies 259 
+
+Canopus, one of t \iz ^Egyptian Gods, fights with Ignis, the 
+God of the Chaldeans, and vanquifhes him 239 
+
+Cantharus, Silenus's Jug, deferibed - 203 
+
+Capiiolinus, a Tide of Jupiter 29 
+
+Cardua, an Houfhold Goddefs 277 
+
+Carmenta (one of them) the fame with Themis, 1-93, Ano¬ 
+ther, a famous Prophetcfs of Rome ibid'* 
+
+Carna, or Carnea , a tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 289 
+CaJ/lope , or CaJJiopeia, made a Conilellation 315 
+
+Cajlalides , the Mufes fo called 19 1 
+
+Cajlor and Pollux, Twins, their Birth, 3C9. Their Asians, 
+310. Share Immortality between them, ibid . Are made 
+the Conilellation Gemini ibid* 
+
+Catius, a tutelar God to adult Perfbns 292 
+
+CeLeno, one of the Harpyes, 271. And one of the Daugh¬ 
+ters of Atlas 324 
+
+Celejlial Gods, thofe of the higheft Dignity, 6. Celeiliai 
+Nymphs 223 
+
+Centaurs , half Men and half Ilorfes, 270. Overcome by 
+Thefeus 307 
+
+Centipeda, one of the Titles of Jupiter 23 
+
+Cephalus , carried by Aurora into Heaven, 134. Marries 
+Procris, ibid. Kills her unawares 
+Ceraunius , one of the Titles of yupiter 20 
+
+Cerberus, a Dcfcription of him, 249. Conquer'd and brought 
+up from Hell by Hercules 300 
+
+Ceres , her Image deferibed, 178. The ufeful Arts fhe taught 
+Men 180 
+
+Chalcea, Feflivals in .Honour of Vulcan „ 157 
+
+Charites, the three Graces, their Defcent, 123. ADefcrip- 
+tion of them 12 6 
+
+Charybdis 
+
+
+J 5 r- 
+1 :>> 
+
+
+
+1 
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+Charybdis , a ravenous 'Woman/turned Into a G ulph, 243* 
+The Meaning- of this Fable ibid* 
+
+Charon, the Ferry-Man of Hell, a Defcription of him, 217. 
+
+His Office , ibid • 
+
+Cbapity, worshipped as a Goddefs, 343 
+
+Chimera, a ft range Monfter, defcribed, 272. Killed b yEel- 
+leropbon, 272, and 316. The Meaning t of the Fable of 
+the Chim ( era ibid. 
+
+« V 
+
+Chiom , contemns Diana s Beauty, and is therefore (hot thro* 
+die "l ongue 213 
+
+Cblorisy married to Zephyrus 219 
+
+Chiron, the Centaur, his Parentage, is excellently Culled in 
+Fhyfic, 317. Teaches this Art to JE/cuuipius , 319. 
+
+Appointed Tutor to Achilles, ibid . Wounded by one of 
+
+Hercules's Arrows, and dies of his Wouiui, ibid. Trans¬ 
+lated into the Heavens, and made the Conltellation Sa?it- 
+tar ins ibid • 
+
+Circe, a very famous Sorcerefs, baniflied for poiToning her 
+Hufband, 49, Falls in Love with Glaucus , and turns her 
+Rival Scylla into a Sea-Monfter, Turns the Com¬ 
+
+panions of UlyJJes into Bealls, and re (loses them again to 
+their former Shapes, ibid . The Meaning of this Fable, 
+
+Cit beer ides, or Cither iades, the Mules fo called 191 
+
+Claucina , one of the Names of Venus 111 
+
+Claviger , one of the Tides of Janas, 150. Andof/Ar- 
+
+297 
+
+Clavjius , or Clujitts , one of the Names of Janus 151 
+
+Clemency, worfhipped as a Goddefs 345 
+
+C/W, one of the Mules 189 
+
+Chtie , turned into a Sun-flower 
+
+Clot ho, one of the Fates 238 
+
+Clowns of Lycia , turned into Frogs by Catena, for muddying 
+the Water while (he was drinking . 52 
+
+Clyiemneftra , kills her Hulband Agamemnon, and L killed by 
+her Son Qrejles 1 3 
+
+Ciytoris, aefiowe:ed by Jupiter in the Shape of an Ant 1 5 
+Cocytus , one of the Infernal Rivers 249 
+
+Collina , the God of the Hills 228 
+
+Colofliis of Rhodes, one of the (even Wonders of the World, 
+defcribed 43 
+
+Compitahtii, Compitalitia, or Compitalia, Games in Honour 
+of the Lares, or Houihold-Cods 280 
+
+Complices* 
+
+
+3 S 
+
+r 
+
+> 
+
+
+
+index; 
+
+
+Complices Dii, Houlhold-Gods-. 278 
+
+Concord , worfhipped as a Goddefs 347 
+
+Covfentes Dii, Superior Gods, 7. Alfo the Houfhold-Gods 
+
+271 
+
+Confers a tor, one of Jupiter 's Tides 24 
+
+Conjerrvatrix, one of the Titles of Fortune 356 
+
+Gonfus, one of the Names of Neptune , to uhofe Honour 
+Games were folemnizcd, called Cafuaha, 2 3. Alfo a 
+tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfbns 291 
+
+Contumely, worfhipped as a Goddefs 352 
+
+Cor ones , one of the Daughters of Atlas 304 
+
+Cortina * the fame with the Tripos in the Temple of Apollo at 
+Delphi s , 39 
+
+Cronia, Feftivals in Honour of Saturn 143 
+
+Cunia, and Ccir??ienta, tutelar GoddefTesto new-born Infants 
+
+28S 
+
+Cupid, His Defcent, 123. Two different Cupids mentioned 
+by the Poets, IZ4. His mighty Power, tho’ a Boy ibid. 
+Curetes, Corybantes, and Ccibiri , Priefls of Cybete 177, 178 
+Cujlos, one of the Titles of Jupiter 19 
+
+Cybele, a Dcfcription of her Image, 170. Her Names, 
+171. Her Sacrifices, 176. Her Priefts 177 
+
+Cyclops, the Servants of Vulcan, 1 82. Defiroyed by Apollo 32 
+Cylhnius, one of the Names of Mercury , 56 
+
+Cynthius, one of Apollo's Titles , • 36 
+
+Cyparlffus 9 2Lvery beautiful Youth turned into a Cyprefs-Tree 
+
+. . . 33 * 20 3 
+
+Cypris , Cypria , Cyprogenia, Cythcris, Cytherea, and Calvet , 
+Names of Venus ill 
+
+C>r//Ps Palace, one of the feven Wonders of the World 46 
+
+
+
+
+Z> 
+
+
+JEdalus, a famous Artificer, an Account of his Inven¬ 
+tions, 30. Is (hut up in the Labyrinth, but flies out 
+
+
+of it with artificial Wino-s 
+
+
+46 
+
+
+Daemon Bonus, Ditbyrambus, Dionyjius, DionyJns, Names of 
+Bacchus 5 2 
+
+Daemon Bonus, one of the Titles of Priapus zoo 
+
+Danae, corrupted by Jupiter, in the form of a Golden Show¬ 
+er, 14, 314. Afterwards married to King Pilwnnus ibid. 
+Danaides , fifty Daughteis of Danaus , punifhed in Hell for 
+
+fi b kill in 3* 
+
+
+
+INDEX 
+
+
+264, 
+
+34 
+
+III 
+
+261 
+
+258 
+
+303 
+
+
+killing their Hufbands on the Wedding-Night 
+Daphne, turned into a Laurel 
+Dea Syria, one of the Titles of Venus 
+Death . worlhipped as a Goddefs ; its Delcription 
+Dearxa, one of the Fates 
+
+Detanira, the Wife of Hercules , occafions his Death 
+Delius y DeiphicuSy Delpfjzna?us y D-idym&uSy Names of Apollo 37 
+Delosy at firll a Woman, then a floating lfland r afterwards a 
+fixed one, called alfo Or/ygia I 30 
+
+Deucalion, King of ? Tbeffaly , reflores the Race of Mankind 
+deflroyed by a Deluge, 367. The Meaning of this Fable 
+
+ibid. 
+
+♦ 
+
+Deverra, a tutelar Goddefs to breeding Women ■ 2S6 
+
+Diana, her Image deferibed, 209. The fame with the 
+Moon, 210. Her Temple at Epbefus, one of the feven 
+Wonders of the World, 45, One of the Nuptial God- 
+defles 284 
+
+Diana Lucina , a tutelar Goddefs to Women in Labour 287 
+Diana ^Taurica , a Goddefs to whom Men and Women were 
+offered in Sacrifice 
+
+Diftynna , one of the Names of Diana 
+Dies , and Dijpiter, Names of Jupiter 
+Dii majormn Gentium , the fuperior Deities 
+
+
+DU tni norum Gentium , the fubordina'ce Deities 
+
+
+7 
+
+
+3 I 3 
+
+215 
+
+22 
+
+7 
+
+277 
+
+
+Z)« bidigetesy and Adfcriptitii, Gods that once were Men 
+
+
+7, 294 
+
+
+Dii Funerutn , the Gods prefiding over the Dead 293 
+
+Dindytnene, and Dindyme , Names of Cybele lyz 
+
+Diomcdesy a Tyrant of Tihrace, fabdued by Hercules , and given 
+for Food to his Horfes 299 
+
+Dionyjiusy or Dionyfus , Names of Bacchus bz 
+
+Diony/fct x Feflivals in Honour of Bacchus 69 
+
+Dir#, the Names of the Furies 252 
+
+jEXV, one of the Names of Pluto 251 
+
+Difcordy worlhipped as a Goddefs 353 
+
+^Dodonads Grove 20 
+
+Dodoneusy a Name of Jupiter ibid * 
+
+Delius, a Name of Mercury 57 
+
+Dossiiduca, one of the Titles of Juno 284 
+
+DorniducuSy and Domitius , two of the Nuptial Gods ibid . 
+
+Domina or Defpowa , one of the Titles of Proferpine 254 
+Doris, a Sea-Nymph 224. 
+
+
+Dreams, by what Paffage falfe ones, and by what Ways true 
+
+ones 
+
+
+
+I N D E 
+
+
+X. 
+
+
+ones are conveyed to Men 
+Druids, Priefls among the Gauls 
+Dryades, Nymphs of the Woods 
+
+E, 
+
+
+262 
+
+224 
+
+223 
+
+
+TpCHQ , debauched by Pan, 199. 
+
+JP-j of Narci/Tus 
+
+
+Pines away for Love 
+
+226 
+
+
+Educa , or Edufa , a tutelar Goddefs to new-born In¬ 
+
+
+fants 289 
+
+Egeria , one of Juno's Titles, 92. Alfo a tutelar Goddefs to 
+Women in Labour 287 
+
+EleSira , one of the Daughters of Atlas 324 
+
+Elicius, a Name of “Jupiter 20 
+
+Et'eus, Elcleus , Eleutberius, Names of Bacchus 63, 64 
+
+Eloides , Nymphs of Bacchus 225 
+
+Eleujinia, one of the Names of Ceres, 1S5. Majcra , Sacri¬ 
+fices to Ceres ; Minora to Proferpina ibid. 
+
+Ehjian Fields, deferibed 275 
+
+Empuftc, the Gorgons , a Dcfcription of them 272 
+
+Endy/nion, a Gallant to the Mcov - 213 
+
+En vy, worfhipped as a Goddefs 351 
+
+Enialius , one of the 'I itles of Mtw 81 
+
+Epbialtes, one of the Giants that warred againfl Heaven 265 
+Epiltvuea, Sacrifices offered to Bacchus 67 
+
+Epiflrophia, a Name of* Venus 114 
+
+Eqttejlris, one of the Titles of Fortune 357 
+
+Erato , one of the Mufcs 189 
+
+Ergatis , one of the Names of Minerva 102 
+
+
+Erichthoneus , Erichlheus, or Ericbibonicus, the Son of Vulcart 
+
+
+K7 
+
+Erifiebtbon, punifhed with perpetual Hunger, fo that he de¬ 
+vours his own Flefh 184 
+
+Erynnis, a common Name to the Furies 259 
+
+Erps., one of the Names of Cupid 124 
+
+Erycina, a Name of Venus 11 1 
+
+Eteodes, and Pofynices, Brothers that bore thegreateft Hatred 
+to each other; they killed each other, 274. They are put 
+on the fame funeral Pile to be burnt, and the Flame divides 
+
+274 
+
+E-vihits , Evehus, Evan, and Euchius, Names of Bacchus 
+
+62, 63 
+
+Eumenides , the Names of the Furies 259 
+
+B b 2 Euphrojyrte, 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+I 2 s’ 
+
+
+Euphrojjm, one of the Graces 
+Eumpa, carried away by Jupiter in the Shape of a white Bulf 
+
+16 * 
+
+Evryale, one of the Gorgons 
+Euterpe, or Enter pi a, one of the Mufes 
+
+
+27 1 
+290 
+
+
+F. 
+
+
+280 
+ibid . 
+
+343 
+
+354 
+
+3 ‘3 
+206 
+
+Their Defcent, 
+
+ibid* 
+204 
+
+
+'Tjrlbarim Calend<c,\ki£. firfl Day of June 
+Fabulinus, a tutelar Goddefs to Infants 
+Faith, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+Fame, worfliipped as a Goddefs 
+Fafcclis, a Title of Diana Faurica 
+Fofcinum , one of the Names of Priapus 
+Fates , aDefcription of the Three, 257. 
+
+258. TheiT Names and Offices 
+Fauns, the fame as Satyrs, Rural Gods 
+Faunas, or Fatuellus , the Hufband of Fauna or Fatuella, 
+both were {killed in Prophecy 205 
+
+Fauna, and Fatua, Names of Cybele 173 
+
+Fear, worfhipped as a Goddefs 358 
+
+Fewer, worfhipped as a Goddefs ibid. 
+
+Fcbmus, one of the Names of Pluto 252- 
+
+Februa, Sacrifices offered to appeafe the Ghofl of departed 
+Friends, 252. Alfo one of the Nuptial Goddeffes 286 
+Februalis, Februata, Februa, Februla, and Fluonia, Names 
+and Titles of Juno 93 
+
+Fercuius, one of the Houfho-ld-Gods 277 
+
+Ferctrius, a Name of Jupiter 20 
+
+Feronia, a Goddefs of the Woods 220 
+
+Ferula, the Walking-ftaff of Silenus 203 
+
+FeJJonia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 348 
+
+Fidelity, worfhipped as a Goddefs 290 
+
+Flarnen Pomonalis, a Priefl that only ferves Pomona 221 
+Flora, the Goddefs of Flowers, deferibed, 219. One of the 
+
+
+Goddeffes of Corn 
+Florales, or Floraha, Feafts in Honour of her 
+Florida , one of Juno's Titles 
+Flu<viales. Nymphs of the Rivers 
+Fornax , one of the Goddeffes of Corn 
+Fortune, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+Fors, Fortuna, or Fortis Fortuna, Names of Fortune 
+Fraud, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+
+
+Fulg 
+
+
+229 
+
+219 
+
+9 1 
+
+224 
+
+220 
+
+35 6 
+
+357 
+353 
+
+
+ens 
+
+
+
+INDEX, 
+
+
+20, 25 
+2 93 
+
+
+Fulgens, and Fulminatory Names of Jupiter 
+Funeral Deities 
+
+Furies , a Defcription of the Three, 259. Their Defcent, 
+ibid . Why three in Number, ibid. ‘ The Office of'them, 
+260. What is meant by the Fable of the Furies ibid . 
+
+Fury, worihipped as a Goddefs 354 
+
+
+•G, 
+
+
+Alatbis, turned into a Weafel 301 
+
+Galaxia. the Milky-Way in the Heavens ; why fo called 
+
+290 
+
+Galli , the Pviefts or Cyhcle, their mad Behaviour, 171. The 
+Reafon of their Name, and the Offices they were employ¬ 
+ed ill 175, feq . 9 
+
+Ganymede, carried from Mount Ida to Heaven by Jupiter , 
+in the Shape of an Eagle 16 
+
+Gates, in the Palace of Somnus, one of Ivory, thro’ which 
+falfe Dreams pafs; the other of Horn , thro’ which true 
+Vifions come 262 
+
+■ Gemini, one of the Conftellations in Heaven the fame with 
+Cajior and Pollux 3 11 
+
+Genitor, Graces, and G*'apjius, Names of Jupiter zi 
+
+Genii, the Guardian Angels of Men, 281. Sometimes the 
+fame with the 'Lares, 282. Or with the Damons, 283. 
+Their images, ibid. Sacrifices, and the Offerings to 
+them, ibid. Bonus Ge?:ius, worfhipped as a God 284 
+Genius, one of the Names of Priapus 207 
+
+Genial Day, the Birth-Day; Genial Bed, the Marriage-Bed : 
+
+Genial Life, a Life of Senfuality and Pleafure 281 
+
+Geryon, a Monfter with three Bodies, 270. Overcome by 
+Hercules 300 
+
+Giants, endeavour to depofe Jupiter , but are deftroyed by 
+him 264 
+
+Glaucopis, one of the Titles of Minerva 104 
+
+Glaucus, a Fiffierman, made a Sea-God 238 
+
+Gncffls, one of the Names of Ariadne 507 
+
+Golden Age, - described by I'irgtl and Ovid 141 
+
+Golden Fleece , a Defcription of it 304 
+
+Gorgons, the Names and Defcription of them 2 yt 
+
+Graces, three Sifters, their Defcent, 123. A Defcription 
+of them ibid. 
+
+Grace-cup, filled with Wine and Water, and drank off to 
+
+
+B b 
+
+
+the 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+the Bonus Genius 
+
+Gradi<vus, one of the Titles of Mars 
+Greek L eite> ’s, by w horn i n v e n te d 
+
+
+35 ° 
+
+So 
+
+17 
+
+
+, H. 
+
+TTAdes, one of the Names of Pluto 251 
+
+Hecres Martia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 
+
+291 
+
+Haley one, one of the Daughters of Allas 324 
+
+Hamadryades, Nymphs of the Woods 223 
+
+Harpocrcites, the God of Silence 359 
+
+Harpyes , their Names and a Defcription of them 271 
+Health, worfhipped as a Goddefs 348 
+
+Hebe , the Goddefs of Youth, her Birth and Office, 88 
+Difgraces herlelf by an unlucky Fall, and is turned out of 
+her Office ibid* 
+
+Hecate, why Diapa was called by this Name 211, 213 
+
+Helena, the molt beautiful Virgin in the World, runs away 
+with Paris, 122. After his Death, marries his Brother 
+Deiphobus, ibid. She betrays him to Menclaus, and fo 
+becomes reconciled to him ibid. 
+
+Helicon, the Mufes Mount 315 
+
+Helicorddes, or Heliconiades, the Mufes fo called 195 
+
+Hell, deferibed 245: 
+
+He lie, drowned in that Sea which from her is fince called the 
+Hellefpont 304 
+
+Hdltfpontiacus , one of the Titles of Priapus zo 6 
+
+Herat a. Sacrifices offered to yfuno 9 j 
+
+Hercules, his Birth, 296. hi is Names, 295, His Labours, 
+287. His Death 303 
+
+Hercule , Hercle , Hercules , an Oath taken only by Men, 
+whereas Women ufed the Oath JEcaJlor 3 1 j 
+
+Hermes, Statues of Mercury, fet up for the Direction of 
+Paffengers and Travellers 56 
+
+Hermapbroditus, and Salmacis, made into one Pcrfon, called 
+an Hermaphrodite 53 
+
+Hermatbenes, Images ufed among the Romans 57 
+
+Hermes , one of Mercury's Names 56 
+
+Hermione, the Daughter of Mars and Venus, 8i* Promiled 
+to Orejles, but married to Pyrrhus 312 
+
+Hejtone, the Daughter of King Laomedon , delivered from a 
+Sea-Mon Her by Hercules 302 
+
+JJefper, 
+
+
+
+1- N D E 
+
+
+
+lief per, He/fierus, or Hefperugo, the Brother of Atlas, turned 
+
+into an Evening-Star 3 2 ^ 
+
+Hefper ides, the three Daughters of Ue/jerus, ibid. In their 
+Garden golden Apples grew, over which aDragonkept 
+Watch. Hercules deltroys the Dragon, and takes away 
+
+the Fruit 3 ° 3 > 3 2 ^ 
+
+Hind, with brazen Feet and golden Horns, hunted and 
+
+caught by Hercules 3 °° 
+
+Hzppius , and tiippodromits. Names of Neptune ^ 233 
+
+Hippocampi , Sea-Horfes lhat drew Neptune's Chariot, de- 
+feribed ibtd» 
+
+Hippocrene , the Mufes Fountain 3 1 S 
+
+Hippocrenides , the Mufes fo called # I 9 . 1 
+
+Hippolytus , the Son of Thefeus, of exemplary CliaftSty, is 
+skilled by a Fall ;from his Chariot, and reitored to Life by 
+
+JRfculapius 3 °S 
+
+Hippolyte, Queen of the Am axons 299 
+
+Bippontenes, and Atalanta, two Lovers, their Misfortunes, 
+1 tg. Are both turned into Lions 120 
+
+Hippona, a Goddefs preiiding over Horfes and Stables 22S 
+.Hipponies, the Name of Bellerophon 3 1 S 
+
+Hippotades, one of the Names of JZolus * 164 
+
+Hipfyphile , Queen, of Lemnos, has T wins b y Jafon, and as for~ 
+
+faken by him .3°4 
+
+Hircusy the ^reputed Father of Orion 334 
+
+Homogynos, a Name of Jupiter 21 
+
+Honoriusy a tutelar God to adult Perfons 
+Honour, worfhipped as a God 342 
+
+4 Hope , found at the Bottom of Pandora's Box, 158, 320, 344* 
+Worfhipped as .a Goddefs 343 
+
+Hoplofmia , one of Juno's Titles 93 
+
+Hortdy or Hora, a tutelar Goddefsito adult Perfons 29© 
+
+Hortenfis, one of the Tides of Venus 
+Horns , one of the Names of the Sun 
+HoJUUna, one of the Goddefles of Corn 
+■Hours, their Defcent, and haw they are employed 
+Hyachitbus, killed by dpolio, with a Quoit 
+Hyades , feven of Atlas' s Daughters 
+Hyas, the Son of Atlas, devoured by a Lion 
+Hydra, killed by Hercules 
+
+Hygiaa, or Sanitas, Health, the Daughter of JRfculapius 
+
+3*9 
+
+Hylas, n great Favourite of Hercules 302 
+
+B b 4 Hyme- 
+
+
+
+212 
+
+44 
+
+230 
+
+44 
+
+33 
+
+3 2 4 
+
+3 2 5 
+
+298 
+
+
+
+*23 
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+Hj me not us, the God of Marriage 
+
+I. 
+
+J j 4 c chus , one of the Names of Bacchus 63 
+
+Janus, his Lnage defer!bed, 148, 15; 1. His Names and 
+Afcions, 148. Jn all Sacrifices, Prayers are fir ft offered 
+* to him, 1 5 1. His Temple open in Time of War, but 
+ft nit in Time of Peace, 153. The Meaning of the 
+Fable of Janus 1^4 
+
+Janus, a tutelar God to new-born Infants 288 
+
+Juki, a Place at Rome, where Ufurers and Stock-Jobbers 
+ufe to meet ’ 148 
+
+Janitor , one of the Titles of Janus 15 1 
+
+1 ant he, the Wife of Ip his 338 
+
+Jafo , the Daughter of JEfculapius 319 
+
+Jafnn, Ids Birth, 303- Makes an Expedition to fetch the 
+Golden Fleece, ibid* Debauches the Queen of Lemnos . 
+Gains the Fleece by the Afiiftance of Medea , whom lie 
+therefore marries, 304. But afterwards hates and for¬ 
+th kes her 305 
+
+Icarus , flies with artificial Wings. The Sun melts the Wax 
+of them, fo that befalls into the Sea, and is drowned 50 
+
+
+Id as a Matey , one of Cybele' s Names 
+Idasi DaSlyli , Priefts of Cybele 
+Ida!ia, one of Venus's Names 
+Idolatry, whence it had its Rife, 2. 
+
+firft exercifed 
+Idolater, who was the firfl 
+Imperator , a Name of Jupiter 
+Impudence, vvorfiiipped as a Goddefs 
+Inachis , a Name of /<?, or Ifis 
+
+InJigctcs Dll, Gods of an inferior Rank and Dignity 
+Ido, one of the Sea-Goddefies 
+Intercidojia , a tutelar Goddefs to breeding Women 
+Inter due a, one of Juno's Titles 
+I nuns, and Incubus , Names of Pan 
+Jo, Jupiter's Intrigue with her, 88. She turned into a Cow, 
+. 89. After her Death, worfhipped by the Egyptians, and 
+called IJls . ^ 336 
+
+lolaus, an old Man reftored to his Youth again 299 
+
+I ole, Hercules falls in Love with her 303 
+
+Jphiclus, the Son of Amphitryo and Alcmcna 295 
+
+Ip hi gen las 
+
+
+*74 
+
+178 
+
+112 
+
+In what Place it was 
+
+3 
+
+ibid* 
+
+21 
+
+352 
+23S 
+
+7 
+
+238 
+286 
+92 
+197 
+
+
+
+I N D E X. 
+
+
+Iphigenia , is carried to be facrificed to Dzana Taurica, but 
+
+is {pared, and made her Prieflefs 313 
+
+Ipbis, a beautiful Virgin, turned into a Man, and marries 
+
+33S 
+S7. 
+
+
+88 
+
+*99 
+
+
+6 
+
+93 
+
+2S4. 
+
+J 4 - 
+
+86 . 
+
+
+lanthe 
+
+Iris , the Servant of Juno, her Parentage and Offices, 
+Never fent but to promote Strife and DifTenfion 
+hinges , the Daughter of Pan 
+JJis , a Goddefs, worlhipped by the Egyptians, called alfo lo 9 
+
+33 6 > 337 
+
+Judges of Hell, their Names and Characters 
+Jug a , one of Juno 's Titles 
+Jugatinus , one of the Nuptial Gods 
+Juno, violated by Jupiter, in the Shape of a Crow, 
+
+Her Image defcri bed ; her Birth and Parentage, 
+Where born, ibid. Her Children, 88. Her feveraL 
+Names, 91. Jealoufy her notorious Fault, 88. The 
+Signification of the Fable of Juno 95 
+
+Juno Inferna , a Name of Proferpina 254 
+
+JunoLticina , a tutelar Goddefs to Women in Labour 287 
+Juno Cmxia, Perfefta, or Adult a, one of the Nuptial God- 
+deffes 284 
+
+Juncnes , the Guardian Angels of Women 96 
+
+Jzmcnitis , one of the Titles of Janus I 50 
+
+Jupiter, many of them, and of different Parentage 12. 
+The famoufeit the Son of Saturn , ibid. A Defcrxption 
+of his Image, 10. Where born, and by whom educated, 
+12. His War with the Giants, 13. His fliameful De¬ 
+baucheries, 14. His feveral Names, 18. His Statue at 
+Olympia , one of the (even Wonders of the World, 46. 
+
+
+26 
+
+292 
+ibid , 
+Gods 
+284 
+
+344 
+
+. . 2 9 o 
+
+Ixion, attempts to ravifh Juno , and begets the Centaurs . 
+
+267 
+
+
+The Signification of the Fable of Jupiter 
+Jupi/er S ecu tidies, a Name of Neptune 
+Jupiter Ter/i us. Infer nus. Sty gins, a Name of Pluto 
+
+Jupiter Perf eft us, feu Adult us, one of the Nuptial 
+
+% 
+
+Jufice, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+Juvenilis, or Juventas, a tutelar Goddefs to Youths 
+
+
+His Punifhment in Hell 
+
+
+T Abyrintb, 
+
+Lachejis, 
+
+
+L. 
+
+made by Dordain5 
+
+one of the Fates 
+
+
+50 
+
+258 
+
+lac int a 
+
+
+5 
+
+
+
+I N D E Xo 
+
+
+Laciuia , Lucina, and LucVia , Titles of Juno, 93, A tutelar 
+Goddefs to Women in Labour 287 
+
+Lattura, and Lalhuina, one of the GoddefTes of Corn 229 
+Lantice, Gorgcns, a Defcription of them 27 1 
+
+Laomedon, King of T’roy, breaks the Promi/e he had made to 
+Hercules, wherefore Hercules deilroys Ircy 302 
+
+Lapis, or lapideus. Titles of Jupiter 21 
+
+Lares, dorneihe Gods, their Defcent, 279* Worfhipped in 
+the Roads or Streets 280 
+
+Lay aria. Places where Sacrifices were offered to the Lares 
+
+ibid. 
+
+Later atnis, one of the Houfhold Gods 284 
+
+Latialis, a Title of Jupiter ' 2 1 
+
+La titan, and Lai ini, Italy and Italians, fo called 240 
+
+Lato?ia, Jupiter falls in Love with her, and has by her dpollo 
+ag 4 Diana 130 
+
+haijfrrna, the Goddefs of Thieves 295 
+
+Lautia, the Name of fuch Prefents as are made to Strangers 
+
+2 S 
+
+Learchus , killed by his Father Athamas * 23S 
+
+Leda, abufed by Jupiter, in the Shape of a Swan, 1 $. The 
+Manner of her Birth, her Intrigues with Jupiter, and the 
+Children fhe had by him 310 
+
+Lemoniades, Nymphs of the Meadows and Fields 224 
+Len<e, Priefleffes of Bacchus 67 
+
+Lenceus, Liber Pater , Liber Lyaus, Lyjtus, Names of Bacchus 
+
+63,64 
+
+lenceus, the Month of January fo called 68 
+
+Lethe, a River of Hell deferibed 276 
+
+Leuana, tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 288 
+
+Leucofia, one of the Syrejis 240 
+
+Leucothea, the fame with Ino, a Sea-Goddefs 238 
+
+Leucothoe, turned into a Tree, bearing Frankincenfe 34 
+Liber, one of the Names of Proferpina 254 
+
+Liberty, worfhipped as a Goddefs 349 
+
+Lzbi'ina, the Goddefs of Funerals, 293* Alfo the Grave 
+itfelf ibid. 
+
+
+Libiiinarii, Officers that buried the Dead 293 
+
+Lzgaa, one of the Syrens 240 
+
+Limnades, Nymphs of the Lakes and Ponds 224 
+
+Lznigera, a Title of IJis 337 
+
+LiJJa, by fome accounted a fourth Fury 259 - 
+
+Lucretius, one of the Titles of Jupiter 22 
+
+
+Lucifer 9 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+Lucifer, the Evening-Star 326 
+
+Luc inn , one of the Names of Diana, 214. A tutelar God- 
+defs to Women in Labour 287 
+
+Luna, the fame with Diana, zil. "Why Diana was called 
+by this .Name 212 
+
+Lupercus, one of the Names of Pan 197 
+
+Luperci, Pan’s Priefts ibid* 
+
+Lupercalia, Pan’s Sacrifices ibid* 
+
+Lycaon , King of Arcadia, turned into a Wolf by Jupiter 9 
+for his monftrous Impiety 14 
+
+Lycian Clowns, turned into Frogs by Latona, for muddying 
+
+
+the Water whilft fhe was drinking 
+Lycurgus, cuts off his own Legs 
+Lyg dus, the Father of Ip bis 
+
+M. 
+
+
+132 
+
+70 
+
+337 
+
+
+67 
+
+
+319 
+
+3 * 4 - 
+
+3 5 6 
+
+357 
+287 
+
+284 
+
+285 
+
+357 
+
+
+
+JEnades, Bacchus's Companions 
+Machaon, the Son of ABfculapius 
+Mai a, one of the Daughters of Atlas 
+Mala , one of the Titles of Fortune 
+Mammofa , one of the Titles of Fortune 
+Manageneta , a tutelar Goddefs to Women in Labour 
+Manes , the Genii, or Guardians of Mankind 
+Manturna, one of the Nuptial Goddefles 
+Mafcula, one of the Titles of Fortune 
+Matura, one of the Goddefles of Com 
+Matuta, the fame with Leucothea, or I no, one of the Nuptial 
+Goddefles . '* 285 
+
+Marina, Melanis, Mela:nis, Meretrix, Migonitis, and Mur¬ 
+cia, Names of Venus 11 z, 113 
+
+Marine Nymphs, 213. Marine Gods 251 
+
+Mars , his Image deferibed, 76, 77. His Defcent, 78* 
+His feveral Names, 79. The Story of his Son Fereus, 83. 
+His Adultery with Venus, 81. Sacrifices offered to him 83 
+Mar/yas, challenges Apollo in Mufick, is overcome by him*, 
+and turned into a River 33 
+
+Martins , a Title of Jupiter 
+Manors, one of Mars's Names 
+
+Maujolus, his Tomb, one of the feven Wonders of 
+World, deferibed 
+
+Medea, a wonderful Sorcercfs, the Wife of Jafon, her Ex¬ 
+ploits 303 
+
+Medi- 
+
+
+l 9 
+
+the 
+
+46 
+
+
+
+INDEX 
+
+
+Mediirhia, a tutelar Geddefs to adult Perfons 290 
+
+MeJitrinalia , Sacrifices offered to her ibid. 
+
+Medu r a, her Hair changed into Snakes, 101. Her Head 
+fixed on Minerva* s Shield, 96. One of the Gorgons 27 1 
+
+
+Meg^ra, one of the Furies 
+
+Meber cules, Me be reals, an Oath 11 fed only by Men 
+Meleager , his Adventures 
+ii leiiat, Nymphs of the Fields 
+Melicerta , made a Sea-God 
+Melius , one of the Names of Hercules 
+Mellon a, the Goddefs of Honey 
+Melpomene, one of the Mufes 
+Memnon, killed by Achilles, in a Duel, 135. Turned into 
+a Fountain that once in a Year flows with Blood, ibid „ 
+
+
+z 59 
+
+3M- 
+
+216 
+
+224 
+
+23S 
+300 
+230 
+189 
+
+
+ibid • 
+ibid* 
+ibid, 
+286 
+256 
+his Of- 
+
+
+His Body turned into a Bird 
+
+T\ lemnonian Birds, deferibed 
+Tv!:muons Staiue utters mufical Sounds 
+Mi.na , one of the Nuptial Goddeffes 
+Mentha, Pluto's Mi it reis, turn’d into Mint 
+Mercury , his Image deferibed, 51, His Parentage, 
+
+fees and QusFlica 52 
+
+Mercy , worfiiiupcd as a Goddefs 345 
+
+Metope , one of the Daughters of Allas, married to Sijyphus 
+
+3 -’5 
+
+Meira , Meflra, or Mcjlrc, the Daughter of Etijicbton , one 
+that could transform herfelf into any Shape 236 
+
+Metroa, Sacrifices offered up to Cybele 172 
+
+Midas, gives an unjufc Sentence again ft Apollo, for which his 
+Ears are turned into the Ears of an Afs, 35. His Cove¬ 
+to ufnefs proves his Ruin 65 
+
+Milky Way, in the Heavens, how made 290 
+
+Mimallotzcs, Attendants on Bacchus 61 
+
+Minerva, a Defcription of her Image, ,96. Why {lie car¬ 
+ries Medufa the Gorgon's Head bn her Shield, ibid. &c. 
+
+■ 97. Why (tho* the Goddefs of War, yet) crowned with 
+Olive, 98. Her Contention with Neptune, about naming 
+Athens , ibid. Her Birth, ibid. Her feveral Names, 99, 
+The Meaning of the Fable of Minerva 10-4 
+
+Mines , one of the Infernal Judges 262 
+
+Minotaur , deferibed,30. Overcome by Hhefeus 306 
+Mir.ujcnlarii Dii, Gods of an inferior Rank and Dignity 7 
+Minutii DU, Gods of the lowed Order and Rank 8 
+
+hhrth, wor/hipped as a Goddefs 350 
+
+Mi/cell'and 
+
+
+
+I N D E X, 
+
+
+Mi/cellanct DU, Gods of the lowed Rank and Degree S 
+Mitbra, one of the Names of the Sun 44 
+
+Mom us, cen fares and fnarles at the Actions of all the Gods 
+
+
+- 166 
+
+Mozieta , one of Juno* s Titles 94. 
+
+Money, worshipped as a Godde/s 349 
+
+Mojes, by fome thought to be meant by Bacchus 70 
+
+Morpheus, the Servant of Sommis, he brings to People their 
+Dreams 262 
+
+Mors, a Defcripiion of her 262 
+
+Morta , one of the Fates 258 
+
+Mulct her, or Mulcifer, a Name of Vulcan 156 
+
+Murcia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 
+
+Mufcarius, one of the Tides of "Jupiter 22 
+
+Mufes, their .Birth and Character, 217. Their Names 
+
+1 89 
+
+Mufica, one of the Titles of Minerva 103 
+
+Munitus, one of the Nuptial Gods 28 $ 
+
+Myrrha , commits Abomination with her Father, and is 
+
+
+turned into a Tree 115, u6 
+
+
+
+67 
+
+224 
+
+ibid. 
+
+Pines 
+
+228 
+
+
+7 \T Aades, Prieflefles of Bacchus 
+* Naiades and Naides. Nymphs of the Fountains 
+Naptece, Nymphs of the Groves and Vallies 
+NarciJJus, falls in Love with his own Pi&ure, 227. 
+
+away, and is turned into a Daffodil 
+Nafcio, or Natio , a tutelar Goddefs to jievv-born Infants 
+
+28S 
+
+Nehrodes, one of the Names of Bacchus 
+Necejfity, worftiipped as a Goddefs 
+Nem&an Lion, killed by Hercules 
+Neme/is, one of the Goddeffes of Juflice, 195. 
+
+hy Jupiter, in the Shape of a Goofe 
+Neptune, his Image deferibed, 231. His Defcent, 
+
+Marries /Jmphytrite, ibid . His remarkable Adlions, 233.. 
+His Children. 23^ 
+
+Nereus, a Sea-God, 224. A famous Prophet 
+Nereides and Nerinos, Sea- Nymphs 
+Nerio , or Neri one, the Wife of Mars 
+NeJJus , the Centaur, killed by Hercules 
+
+
+7* 
+
+35S 
+
+298 
+
+Violated 
+
+298 
+
+232 
+
+
+238 
+
+224 
+
+79 
+
+303 
+
+
+Nicephorus, 
+
+
+
+INDEX; 
+
+
+261 
+70 
+
+flu- 
+
+and 
+
+
+Nicepbortts, one of Jupiter' s Titles 
+Night, the ancientelt of all the Gods 
+Nimrod, the fa m e with Bacchus 
+Ninus - King of AJfyria, the firlt Idolater 
+Niobe , ruined by her Pride and Self-Conceit, 130. Is 
+pified with Grief for the Lofs of all her Children, 
+turned into a Stone 131 
+
+Nif ants, one of Bacchus's Names 64 
+
+Nifus , turned into a Sparrow-Hawk 242 
+
+Nixiz Dii, tutelar Gods to Women in Labour 288 
+
+Nodofus, one of the Gods of Corn 229 
+
+No?nitis, one of the Names of Apollo, 30, 38. As alfo of 
+Arif reus 207 
+
+.AW*, one of the Fates 258 
+
+No<venfles Di i, Gods brought to Rome, by the Sab hies 8 
+
+Nox, the ancientelt of all the Gods 
+Nubigc?ire , the Centaurs fo called 
+Numeria, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 
+Nu?idhia y a tutelar Goddels to new-born Infants 
+Nuptialis, one of Juno's Titles 
+Nyttilius, one of the Names of Bacchus 
+Nydtymene , for committing Incelt with her Father turned in¬ 
+to an Owl 
+
+
+261 
+
+270 
+
+291 
+
+289 
+
+£ 4 
+
+64 
+
+
+Nymph age tes, one of the Names of Neptu?se 
+Nymphs, celeftial, terreftrial, and marine 
+
+9 
+
+O. 
+
+Bfequejzs , one of the Titles of Fortune 
+^ Occator , the God of Harrowing 
+Qcea?ius, one of the Sea-Gods 
+Gceanitides, or Oceania?, Sea-Nymphs 
+Ocypetc, one of the Harpyes 
+
+Gedipus, kills his Father, and marries his own 
+falls diflrafted, and tears out his own Eyes 
+Olympiiis, Opitulus, Opitulator, Names and Titles 
+ter 
+
+
+115 
+
+224 
+
+
+
+357 
+
+229 
+239 
+224 
+27 1 
+Mother, 
+
+*73 
+
+of Jupi- 
+
+
+2 3 
+
+Ompbale , Queen of Lydia, makes Hercules lit among the 
+Maids, and {pin 305 
+
+Oper tits, one of the Names of Pluto 173 
+
+Oper turn, the Place where Cybele's Sacrifices called Open a-* 
+nea, were offered up ... 173 
+
+Opifer, one of the Tides of Apollo 3 1 
+
+Opigena, 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+* 94 * 
+
+A tutelar God- 
+
+
+
+172 
+29 s 
+25:2 
+
+224 
+
+
+Opigena, one of Juno's Titles 
+OpiSy one of the Names of Diatia, <2x4. 
+
+defs to new-born Infants 
+Ops, one of the Names of Cybele 
+Orbona , a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 
+Qrcus, or Ouragus, Names of Pluto 
+Orcades, and Orejiiades , Nymphs of the Hills 
+Orejles, kills his Mother Clytemnejlra, and her Gallant 
+JEgiJlhus, 2. And afterwards Pyrrhus, for marrying 
+his Sweet-heart Hermlone ibid* 
+
+9 
+
+Orgy a, heads in Honour of Bacchus, 69. Alfo Sacrifices 
+to Cybele 2 7 £ 
+
+Orion, his flrange Birth, 334* Killed for his Arrogance 
+by a Scorpion, and made a ConfteHation ibid* 
+
+Orpheus , his Parentage, his amazing Skill in Mufic, 327* 
+Whereby he overcomes the Syrens , 240. And brings 
+Eurydice , his Wife, from Hell, but lofes her again, ibid* 
+Refolves never more to marry, for which he is torn in 
+Pieces by the Mszuades , ibid. His Harp made a Conftel- 
+lation, 328. The Meaning of this Fable ibid* 
+
+Ortygta , why the iiland Delos was called by that Name 
+
+2 30 
+
+Ofcilla , fmall Images of Bacchus , hung on Trees while his 
+Feftivals were folemnizing 69 
+
+Ofcophoria , Sacrifices to Bacchus 67 
+
+OJiris , King of the Arrives . His Parentage, 335. Quits 
+his Kingdom, and travels into Egypt where he marries 
+Ic, ibid. Killed by his Brother 'Typhon , and is tranflated 
+among the Cjods, ibtd* By many thought to be the fame 
+with Bacchus 65; 
+
+OJJilago , a tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 289 
+
+Qthus, one of the Giants that warred againli Heaven 26 ^ 
+
+
+
+AB A N, Phoebus , Pythins , Names cf Apollo 39 
+
+Padlolus, a River vvhofe Sand is golden 6^S 
+
+Pal&mon, one of the Sea-Gods, 238. The fame with 
+
+Meli^verta ibid* 
+
+Palcncfs , Pallor , worfhipped as a God 3 5S 
+
+Pales, the Gcddefs of Shepherds 2ii> 
+
+Pnidi la, or P aril a. Sacrifices offered up to Pales ibid .1 
+
+Pallas , one of the Names of Minerva ioo 
+
+
+2- 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+3 20 
+
+l 
+
+*13 
+
+Determines who is the 
+
+
+Palladium, an Image of Minerva that fell from tie avert 100 
+Pal/antias , one of the Names of Aurora 134.. 
+
+Pan, the Chief of the Rural Gods, 196. His Defcent, 197. 
+The Defcription of his Image, ibid. The Meaning of 
+the Fable of Pan, 198. His Actions and Inventions' 199 
+Panic Fears , what they are, and whence fo called . 298’ 
+Pandora , the fird of Women-kindmade by Vidcan 158. 
+Her Box, ibid\ The Mifchiefs that came from thence on 
+Mankind 
+
+Pantheon, its Defcription 
+Papbia , a Title of Penns 
+Parens, why the Fates fo called 
+Paris., his Defcent and Birth, 120. 
+
+mod beautiful of yuno, Minerva, and Vc?nis, 121. Runs 
+away with Helena , the fairelt Woman that ever was, who 
+had been betrothed to Mezielaus , 122. This occadons the 
+"War between the Greeks and Projans, which concludes in 
+the DeftrudHon of Troy , after which Paris was killed by 
+Philo Act es 122 
+
+ParnaJJldes , the Mufes fo called 19 r 
+
+Part ben os, Parthenia, Perfcdia , Populonia, Pcpztlona, and 
+Pronuba, Names and Titles of yuno 94 
+
+Parthenope, one of the Syrens 240 
+
+Partunda , or Pertunda , one of the Nuptial Goddefles 285 
+Pafiphae, falls in Love with a Bull, and brings forth the 
+Minotaur, 50. The Meaning of this Fable ibid . 
+
+Pajitbea, one of Cybele's Names 172 
+
+Pajitbcc , one of the Daughters of Atlas, turned into a Star 
+
+3 H 
+
+Patelinea, one of the Goddefles of Com 229 
+
+Pat ell or H Dii, Gods of the lowed Order and Rank 8 
+
+Patidcius, or Patulacius, one of the Names of yanus, 
+
+
+Pavcnfia, a tutelar Goddefs of Infants 
+Pavor , worfhipped as a God 
+Peace , worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+
+Pegafus, the Mufes Horlc, his Birth and Defcription, 
+Is caught and rode upon by Belleropbon ? 3 16. 
+in Heaven amone the Stars 
+
+
+153 
+
+289 
+
+35 s 
+3+7 
+3*5 
+
+
+Is placed 
+ibid . 
+
+
+Pegajidcs, the Mufes fo called 
+Palias, his Daughters pull him to Pieces 
+PclIonia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 
+
+
+291 
+
+1D 5 
+9 1 
+
+Penates > 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+Penates , Houfhold Gods, 277. Three Ranks and Degrees 
+of them, 278. Penates , fometimes Amply taken for an 
+Houfe, 279, Defcription of their Images ibid\ 
+
+Penelope, the Wife of TJlyJJ'es , a moft remarkable Example of 
+
+.Chadity . # 333 
+
+P‘7zihens, torn to Pieces by his Mother and Sifters 70 
+
+Perfa, a Tree dedicated to Harpocrates, the God of Silence 
+
+359 
+
+Perfeus , hisDefcent, 3 I 3. Receives great Prefents from the 
+Gods, 314. Delivers Andromeda from the Sea-Monfter* 
+and marries her ; conquers the Gorgons, Alike3 off Medufa's 
+.Head, and therewith turns Atlas into a Rock. At length 
+he, Anaromeda, and his Mother Cajjlopeia. are made Con- 
+ftellations 
+
+Periaimtnus, one that could transform himfelf into any 
+Shape, 236. Killed by Hercules in the Shape of a Fly ibid* 
+PeJJlmnuia , a Goddefs whofe Image was only a fhapelefs 
+Stone, { 14. One of the Names of Cyhele 175 
+
+Phcsdi a follicits her Son Hippolytus to Wickednefs, but in 
+vain 3 08 
+
+Phaeton, the Son of Sol, obtains Leave to drive the Chariot 
+of the Sun for one Day, 47. Overthrows it, and thereby 
+fets on 1 ire the Heaven and the Earth, 48. Is by Jupiter 
+ftruck dead for it by Thunder into the River Po ibid . 
+His Sifters turned into Poplar-Trees 
+The Meaning of this Fable 
+Phalli , Images fet up in Honour of Bacchus 
+Phallus, one of the Names of Prlapu$ 
+
+Phallica, Feafts in Honour of Bacchus 
+Pbanczus, one of Apollo's Names 
+Philamon, a famous Lutanift 
+
+Phlegetbon, or Peripbkgetbon, one of the Infernal Rivers 
+
+
+
+_ 249 
+
+Phlegyas, burns the Temple of Apollo, and is remarkably 
+
+punifhed for it in Hell 267 
+
+Phoresis, or Phorcys, one of Neptune 3 $ Sons 235 
+
+Phofphorus , the Evening-Star 326 
+
+Pice us Puer , the Title -of Harpccrates , the God of Silence 
+
+
+Picumnus, a Rural God 
+
+P.erides , or Pieria, the M.ufes fo called 
+
+Piety, worfhipped as a Goddefs 
+
+C c 
+
+
+3 S 9 t 
+
+229 
+
+j 9 i 
+
+344 - 
+Pilumnuss 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+Pilumnus , one of the Gods of Corn, 230. A tutelar God to 
+breeding Women 286 
+
+Pirithous 3 the intimate Friend to * 7 "hefe.us, torn to Pieces by 
+
+
+Cerberus 
+
+Pijior, Pluvius, Pr<&dator. Names of Jupiter 
+PLbeii Dei, Gods of the lovveft Order 
+Pleiades , feven Daughters of Atlas turn’d into Stars 
+Why they had this Name 
+phione , the Wife ol Atlas 
+
+
+3 Q 7 
+
+23 
+
+8 
+
+3 24 
+ibid. 
+ibid. 
+
+
+ibid . 
+
+Steals away Pro - 
+252. His Office 
+
+253 
+
+254 
+
+319 
+
+
+Ple.nauris , one of the Daughters of Atlas 
+Pluto, the King of Hell, deferibed, 250. 
+ferphte, 231,254. His feveral Names, 
+and Power 
+
+Plutus j the God of Riches, deferibed 
+PoduUvius, the Son of JEfadapt us 
+
+Perna, accounted a Deity by the JEtbiopiatts 292 
+
+Pollux and Cajior, - 'wins, their Birth , 309. Their Aflions, 
+310. They- thaic. Immortality between them, and are 
+made the Conflellation Gemini 311 
+
+Patybwmia, Polymnia , or Polymneia , one 'of the Mufes 190 
+Poly dices and Enochs, two Brothers who kill’d each other, 
+274. An Inilance of their irreconcileable Hatred ibid. 
+Polyphemus , the Son of Neptune, a great Robber 160 
+Polyxata, marries Achilles, and, after his Death, is facrificed 
+to appeafe his Ghoit 330 
+
+Pomona, the Goddefs of Fruits, 221. Courted and married 
+by Eevtumnus 222 
+
+Pomia, one of the Titles of Venus 11 2 
+
+Porta Libit ina, a Gate at Rome, thro’ which Funerals pafs’d 
+
+293 
+
+Forth me us and Portitor, Names of Charon 247 
+
+P or turn tuts, one of the Sea-Gods, the fame with Pcd&mon 238 
+Pojaidon , one of Neptune's Names 232 
+
+Potatnides , Nymphs of, the Rivers 224 
+
+Botina, a tutelar Goddefs to new-born Infants 289 
+
+Poverty, worfhipped as a Goddefs 358 
+
+Pratnejhna, one of Fortune’s Titles . 357 
+
+Prczjhtes, the fame with Genii, the Guardian-Angels of 
+
+Mankind , . . . 2 ^3 
+
+Priapus, the God of the Gardens, a Defcription of hi? Image, 
+
+205, His Birth ^nd Deformity, 200. One of the Nup- 
+
+285 
+
+
+trial Gods 
+
+
+Primigenix 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+Primigenia and Privata, Names and Titles of Fortune 35 7 
+Procris , married to Gepbalus , 134. Kill’d by him by am 
+Accident ibid*. 
+
+Prometheus, makes a Man of Clay, and animates him with 
+Fire Holen from Heaven, 158, 320, Jupiter punifhes 
+him remarkably for his Theft, ibid . Freed from his Pu- 
+nifhment by Hercules, 320, 321. The Meaning of this 
+
+
+Fable 
+
+Propaetides , the fir ft Proftitutes turn’d into Stones 
+Propria, a Name of Fortune 
+Propylata, one of the Names of Hecate or Diana 
+Profa, Prorfa, Porrisna , Pojlnjerta, or Ant evert a, 
+Goddefs to Women in Labour 
+Proferpina , one of the Goddeffes of Corn, 229. 
+/cent, 2^4. How carried away by Pluto , ib. 
+
+
+ibid* 
+
+I iS 
+
+357 
+
+213 
+
+a tutelar 
+287 
+Her De¬ 
+ls fought 
+
+
+for. all over the World with lighted Torches, by her 
+Mother Ceres , 255. Who obtains from Jupiter that 
+Proferpina fhall be fix Months with Pluto , and the other 
+fix with her in the Heavens, 256- The Meaning of this 
+Fable ' ibid a 
+
+Proteus , the Son of Neptune, one that could transform himfelf 
+‘ into any Shape 235 
+
+Putatitii Dii , Gods of an inferior Rank and Order 7 
+
+Pygsnalion , falls in Love with an Ivory Statue, which, when 
+turned into a Woman, he marries 116 
+
+Pylades and Orefes , moil intimate Friends 312 
+
+Pylotis , one of the Tides of Minerva 104 
+
+Pyramids of Egypt, one of the feven Wonders of the World 
+
+4 6 
+
+Pyramus and Thifle, the moft unfortunate of Lovers, their 
+Deaths llg 
+
+Pyrrha, the Wife of Deucalion 322 
+
+Pyrrhus, killed by Orcjles, for mafrying Her mi one 312 
+
+Pytho, one of the Daughters of Atlas 314 
+
+Qi 
+
+■ 
+
+(d) Uadrifons , a Name feme times given to Ja?tus 549, 150 
+Quies, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 209 
+
+Quietus, one of the Names of Pluto 252 
+
+Quirinus, a Title of Jupiter, 24. and of Mars, So. And 
+alfo of Roimdus 81 
+
+R. Rati - 
+
+
+C c 2 
+
+
+
+INDEX; 
+
+
+R 
+
+
+73 At tone r Libitinar, an Account of the Dead, not unlike 
+our Weekly Bill, or Bill of Mortality 
+Radius, one of Bacchus's Titles 
+
+
+293 
+
+6 4 
+
+3 >8 
+
+Aid. 
+
+
+94 
+
+2 4 
+
+262 
+
+
+Redux , one of the Titles of Fortune 
+Regia , a Title of Fortune 
+Regina, a Title of Juno 
+Rex, Regnator, Titles of Jupiter 
+Rhadarnanthus , one of the Infernal Judges 
+Rbamnujia, the fame with Nemejts , one of the Goddefles of 
+Juflice 195 
+
+Rhea, one of the Names of Cybele 172 
+
+Ridetis , one of the Titles of Venus 112 
+
+one of the Gods of Corn 229 
+
+Rumina, one of the tutelar Goddefles to new-born Infants 
+
+% • • • • * 
+
+
+Ruminus, one of Jupiter *s Titles 
+Runcina, a Godded of Gardening 
+Rural Gods and' G-ddeJfes 
+Rtijiri , one of the Rural Deities 
+
+
+S. 
+
+
+289 
+24 
+229 
+1 96 
+228 
+
+
+< 5 ^ 
+
+
+aaia 9 myflerious Rites in the Solemnities of Prof rpine 
+
+07 . . 2 54 
+
+Salacia, one of Neptune's Wives 232 
+
+•S' alii, Prieiis of Mars ibid. 
+
+Saliftbfulus, one of Mars's Titles 8 1 
+
+Sahnoncus imitates Jupiter 9 s Thunder, for which he under¬ 
+
+
+goes a fevere Punifhment in Hell 
+Stilus , Health, worthipped as a Goddefs 
+S a/lit as, or By gits a , the Daughter of JEfulapins 
+Sat or and Sarritor, Rural Gods 
+Satyrs, the fame with Sileni, the Priefts of Bacchus 
+A Defcription of the Satyrs 
+Saturn, his Image deferibed, 13S. His Family and Ac¬ 
+tions, ibid. Devours ali bis Male Children, 139. Taken 
+Prifoner by fit an? but iet at Liberty by JuLiter, ibid. 
+Afterwards, for liis Ingratitude depofed by Jupiter , and 
+
+flies 
+
+
+267 
+
+34 S 
+
+3i9 
+
+229 
+
+67 
+
+204 
+
+
+
+INDEX.- 
+
+
+
+Hies into Italy , 140. The firfl that reduced the Satyrs tc 
+civil Society, ibid. Sacrifices offer’d to him, 143* 144. 
+The hilicrical Meaning of the Fable of Saturn, 145. The 
+
+
+philofophical Meaning of it 147 
+
+Saturnalia , FeftiVnls in Honour of Saturn 344 
+
+Scot eta, a Title of Venus 1 1 3 
+
+Scylla. the Daughter of Phoresis. courted by Glaucus , and 
+turned by Circe , her Rival, into a Rock, 242* Into a 
+Sea* Mon her 49 
+
+Scylla , the Daughter of Nifns, ruins her Country by cutting 
+off her Father s purple Lock of Flair, 242. And is turn’d 
+into a Lake 243 
+
+Scylla and Cbarybdis , the Meaning of that Fable 244 
+
+Securis, why the Spear was fo named So 
+
+Seta and Segetia , Goddeftcs of Corn 229 
+
+ScleSti Dii, the fupreme Gods . o 
+
+Setucle, deflroy’d by Jupiter's Embraces 59 
+
+Scmanes Dii , Gods or the lowed Order and Rank 8 
+
+Senjesy or Mens, v/orfhipped as a Goddefs 347 
+
+Senlia, a tutelar Goddefs to Infants 291 
+
+Scrapis, or Sorapis, an JEgyptian God, the fame with SJpis, 
+336. Where, and in what Manner wor(hipp’d ibid, 
+Scrnjator, Soter , Stator, Stabilitor , Names and 1 itles of Ju¬ 
+piter 23, 24 
+
+Silence , the Gods and Goddeifes of it worfhipp cl by the Ro- 
+mans 30 7 
+
+S-ihnus, Race bus's Companion, deferib’d 204 
+
+
+Sijypbus, how punifh’d in Hell for his notorious Robberies 
+
+
+
+Socigcna , one of Juno’s Titles 
+Sol, one of /!polio's Names 
+Sobvizona , one of the Names of Diana 
+S-ontnus, the God of Sleep, deferib’d 
+Sofpita , one of Juno's Titles 
+
+Sphinx, propounds a Riddle, which Oedipus refolves, 
+Deftroys herfelf 
+Spolia Opima , thofe Spoils, which, in Battle, one General 
+
+takes from another 20 
+
+St at a, or Statua Mater , a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 201 
+Stata , one of the Titles of Fortune 358 
+
+Statanusy or Statilinus, a tutelar Goddefs to Infants 289 
+St alii 0, turned into an Evet or Newt 1S4 
+
+C c 3 Stercuiitsy 
+
+
+9 l 
+
+36 
+
+287 
+
+261 
+
+95 
+2 7 3 - 
+
+274 
+
+
+
+1 N D 
+
+
+* 
+
+
+
+
+Stercutus, Stercutzus 7 Sterculiusy or Sterquilinius , a rural God, 
+
+who firft taught how to improve Ground by dunging it 229 
+Stercutzus, one of the Names of Saturn 142. 
+
+Sthenoy one of the Gorgons 271 
+
+Sthenobatay endeavours to intice Belteropbo?i to Adultery, but 
+is rejedted, 316. And therefore kills herfelf ibid. 
+
+Stimida and Strenua y tutelar Goddefies to adult Perfons 290 
+Stymphalidesy Birds that feed on human Flefh, dellroyed by 
+Hercules 
+
+Styx, one of the Infernal Rivers 
+Suada, one of the Nuptial Goddefies 
+Sa cut at, the Daughters of Atlas , call’d alfo Hyades 
+Summanusy a Name of Pluto 
+Suiiy why call’d Sol in Latin , 43. And by the Pcrfia?is Mi~ 
+thra y 44. By the Egyptians nam’d Horus 7 ibid. His De- 
+fcent, 43. His Amours 44 
+
+Sjlvauusy one of the Gods of the Woods 203 
+
+Syntbejisy a Cloak worn only by Gentlemen 144 
+
+Syrensy Sea-Monflers, aDefcription of them, 219. Overcome 
+by Orpbeusy and turn’d into Stones, 250, The Explica¬ 
+tion of this Fable of the Syrens 241 
+
+Syrinx, flies from Pan , and is turn’d into a Bundle of Reeds 
+
+299 
+
+
+299 
+24S 
+284 
+324 
+2; z 
+
+
+T. 
+
+
+^T^Adita, one of the Goddefies of Silence 
+A Tantalus, kills and drefies his own Son Pelops 
+
+
+407 
+2 68 
+
+The Meaning of 
+
+2/0 
+
+
+His Punifhment for it in Hell, 269. 
+this Fable 
+
+TauricepSy Taurifortnis , Names of Bacchus 
+Taygete , one of the Daughters of Atlas 
+Tele bineSy Priefis of Cybele 
+Telegonusy the Son of UlyJJes by Circe 
+Telemacbusy the Son of Vlyffes by Penelope 
+Telethufay the Mother of Ipbis 
+Tempejlasy worfhipp’d as a Goddels 
+Tereusy marries Progne 9 and falls in Hove with her Siller 
+Philomelay 83. Debauches her on the Road, and, to pre¬ 
+vent Difcovery, cuts out her Tongue, ibid . She informs 
+Progne of this Villainy by Needle-work, 84. Progne , to 
+
+
+62 
+
+3 2 4 
+
+177 
+
+332 
+
+333 
+337 
+35 * 
+
+
+revenge 
+
+
+
+INDEX 
+
+
+.revenge this Injury* dreiTes Itys, and makes his Father 
+'reus feed on him for Supper. Progne is hereupon turn’d 
+inco a Sparrow, Philomela into a Nightingale, Tereus into 
+a Hoopoo, and Itys into a Pheafant 85 
+
+Ter min its, one of the rural Gods, 208. A Defcription of his 
+
+
+Image, ibid. His Sacrifices call’d Tcrininalia 
+Tcrpficbore, one of the Mules 
+Tcrrejirial Gods and GoddeJJes, their Names 
+Terrejirial Nymphs 
+Thalia, one of the Graces, 125. Alfo one of the Mufcs 189 
+Thcodamas kill’d by Hercules ■ 302 
+
+Thcjcus , his Parentage, 306. His intimate Friendfhip with 
+Pirztboas, 307. Goes down to Hell, and returns fafe from 
+thence, ibid . His other Adventures 308, 309 
+
+Tbefmopboria, Sacrifices olfered to Ceres 185 
+
+Thijbe and Py ramus, two mofi unfortunate Lovers, their Story 
+
+1 16 
+
+
+269 
+189 
+J38 
+223 
+
+
+
+Thyadcs, Bacchus's Companions, 61. His Nymphs 
+Thyas, King cf Taurica Lherfcncfus, kill’d by his Subjects 313 
+Tbycnezus and Triumphus, Names of Bacchus 64 
+
+Tigillus, Tonans, Toniirualis, Trioculus, and Triophthalmos, 
+Names and Titles given to Jupiter 25 
+
+Tirejias, how he came to lofe his Sight, 101. He’s amply 
+made Amends for that Lofs, by receiving the Gift of Pro¬ 
+phecy ibid . 
+
+Tijiphone, one of the Furies 259 
+
+Titans, make War on Jupiter, and are fubdued 266 
+
+Tithonus, marries Aurora, obtains Immortality, but grows 
+extremely weak and decrepid ; is at lafl turned into a 
+' Grafiiopper 135 
+
+Tityus, one of the Giants that warred againft Heaven 26 6 
+Trieterica, Sacrifices to Bacchus 67 
+
+Triformis or Tergemina, Titles of Dia7ia 21 r 
+
+Triptolemus, educated by Ceres, who every Night covers hint 
+with Fire, 182. Sent by her in the Chariot to teach Men 
+the Ufe and Improvement of Com 183 
+
+Tripos, in Apollo's Temple 39 
+
+Triton, Neptune's Son, deferib’d 237 
+
+Triionia, one of the Names of Minerva 101 
+
+Trio;2a, one of the Names of Hecate ox Diana 21 4 
+
+Troy, the Walls of it built by the Muiick of Apollo's Harp, 
+32. Deitroy’d by Hercules 302 
+
+C C 4 Truth* 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+STrutb, worfhipped as a Goddefs 346 
+
+\Tutclhia or Yutulina, one of the Goddeftes of Corn 2 30 
+5 Tyche, one of the Daughters of Atlas 324 
+
+Fyndaris, one of Helenas Names 310 
+
+Yyndarida, the Children of dyndarus ; Helena, Ctytemnejlrai 
+Caftoi' and Pollux ibid. 
+
+\Typhosus i or Typhon, one of the Giants that warr’d again ft 
+Heaveri 264 
+
+
+V, 
+
+
+2S8 
+
+228 
+
+25 
+
+233 
+
+And 
+
+
+% 
+
+jyAcuna, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 
+
+Vagit anus , or Vatic anus, a tutelar God to new-born In¬ 
+fants 
+
+Vallenia, the Goddefs of the Valiies 
+Vejonsis, Vejupiter, Vcdizis, Names given to Jupiter 
+Venilia, one of Neptune *s Wives 
+
+Venus, her Image deferib’d, 107. HerDefcent, 109. 
+Marriage, 110. Her feveral Names, ibid. Pier Adfcions* 
+115. One of the Nuptial Goddeftes, 284. An Explana¬ 
+tion of the Fable of Venus 127 
+
+Vtrgil'ue, feven of the Daughters of Atlas, call’d Pleiades 325 
+Verticordia , a Title of Venus 114 
+
+Veriiunnus courts and obtains Flora, 221, 222. Can trans¬ 
+form himfelf into any Shape 236 
+
+Vefcji Dii, Gods of the loweit IJ-ank and Order 8 
+
+Vefpcr, or Vefperugo, the Brother of Atlas, turn’d into the 
+Evening-Star 326 
+
+Vefta the Elder, the oldeft of the Goddeftes, aDefcription of 
+her linage, 167. She’s the fame with the Earth 168 
+Vefta the Younger, the'fame with the Element Fire, 167,- 
+16S. Explanation of the Fable of Vefta 169 
+
+Veft tv, why round Tables were fo call’d 168 
+
+VeftalFire, ho w preferv’d perpetually among the Romans 169 
+Vibilia, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 290 
+
+Vines - firft planted by Bacchus, 65. The Art of pruning 
+them firft taught by an Afs . ibid; 
+
+Violence, worfhipped as a Goddefs 358 
+
+Virginia, Daughter of Aulus, dedicates an Altar to Pudicitict 
+Phbeia 346 
+
+Vi rip lac a, one of the Nuptial GoddefTes 285 
+
+Virgo y of the Titles of Fortune 388 
+
+Vi r- 
+
+
+
+INDEX. 
+
+
+Wirginenjt's, one of the Nuptial Goddeffes 285 
+
+Virilis, one of the Titles of Fortune 3 -7 
+
+Virtue , worfhipped as a Goddefs . 342 
+
+Vi feat a, or Jifcofa, one of the Titles of For time 358 
+
+Vi tula, a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perlons 290 
+
+XJlyJfes, his Defcent, his Marriage with Penelope, 331. Pre- 
+ferves himfelf from the Syrens, 240. His various Ad¬ 
+ventures 
+
+Underjlanding, worihipp’d asaGoddefs 347 
+
+Unxta , one of the Titles o f: Juno 93 
+
+Volumnus and Volumna, tutelar Deities to adult Perfons 222 
+Volupia , a tutelar Goddefs to adult Perfons 291 
+
+Vohfia, one of the Goddeffes of Com 229 
+
+XJragus, one of Names 252 
+
+Urania, one of the Mufes 1 89 
+
+Vulcan, a Defcription of him, 156. His Birch and De¬ 
+
+
+fcent, 157. His Employment, ibid. Courts Minerva* 
+but is reje&ed; marries Venus, who is falfe to his Bed, 
+156. Makes the f;rft Woman, who is called Pandora, 
+iq8. His Children, ibid. His Servants, 159. The Sig¬ 
+nification of the Fable of Vulcan 162 
+
+Vjdcania, Feafls celebrated in Honour of Vulcan 157 
+
+W. 
+
+JfTfAJls of Babylon, one of the Wonders of the World 46 
+Wonders of the World, feven particularly fo called 49 
+
+Wife Metz of Greece, their Names and Characters 40, 41 
+
+• * 
+
+x. 
+
+
+i bztbus , one of the Horfes of Achilles, his Defcent 271 
+Xenia, all Prefents made to Strangers called fo 23 
+
+
+ffAgreus, one of the Names of Bacchus 
+Zephyrus, his Defcent 
+Zeus, one of Jupiter's Names 
+
+
+
+FINIS. 
+
+
+
+BOOKS printed and fold by the Book fellers 
+
+named in the Title-page. 
+
+R Obrrt Ainsworth’s Dictionary, Engl'Jb 2nd La- 
+■ tin, a new Edition, with great Addition* and Amend¬ 
+ments, particularly a large and copious index of fuch 
+Words as occur in Stephens afid A'-nJ-voorth cf an obfolete, 
+unclaffical, doubtful, or modern Character, with the pro¬ 
+per and genuine Word frequently annexed : alfo another 
+Index of the fame Kind, from VJfius , Galepin, Cooper ? 
+Littleton , and others. To which are fubjoined a thiid, of 
+the more common Latin Words in our ancient Laws : 
+The Notes of Abbreviations ufed in Latin Authors and 
+Infcriptions ; And a general Chronology of eminent Per- 
+fons and memorable Things, By Thomas Morell, D. D. 
+4to. Pr, il. 7s. 
+
+An Abridgment of the lafl Quarto Edition of Ainfworth’?. 
+Dictionary, Engli/h and Latin . The Englijh Part being 
+enriched with an Addition of fome Thoufand Words fron* 
+good Authority ; and the Latin Part confifling only of 
+fuch Words as are purely claflical. Defigned for the Ufe 
+of Schools. By Thomas Morell, D. D. In one Vol. 8vo„ 
+A Dictionary, Englijh-Latin, and Latin-Englijh ; containing 
+all Things neceffary for the tranflating of either Language 
+into the other. To which End many Things that wer<p 
+erroneous are rectified, many Superfluities retrenched, 
+and very many Defeats fapplied. OCtavo. The eigh¬ 
+teenth Edition. By Elijha Coles . 
+
+Homeri Ilias, Grace Sz Latine : Annotationes in Ufum Sere- 
+niffimi Principis Guhelmi Augujli Ducis de Cumberland\ 
+&c. Regio JufTii fcripfit atque edidit Sam. Clarke, 
+S. T. P. in duobus Vol. OCtavo. Editio oCtava. 
+
+Claris Homeric#, five l exicon vocabulorum omnium, quae 
+continentur in Homeri lliade & potifiima parte Odyflece. 
+Cum brevi de DialeCtis Appendice. 8yo. 
+
+Demofthenis Orationes de Republica duodecim, cum WoT 
+Jiana Tnterpretatione denuo caltigata, et Notis hiftoricis 
+y. Vy Luchejinii . Accent Philippi Epiftola. Edidit 
+
+Gulidmus Alien, A. M. duobus Vol. 870. Pret. 12s. 
+
+•> -. Xeno- 
+
+
+BOOKS printed s &c, 
+
+Xenophontis Cyropasdia, Gr. and 
+
+Poetm minores Grasci. Omnibus fere paginis fubjicitur vo- 
+cum difficiliorum Explicatio Grammatica, 8vo. 
+
+Biblia Sacra ex Sebaftiani Cajlalicnh Interpretatione, eju£ 
+gue Poftrema Recognitions. In quatuor Tomis, Duode¬ 
+cimo. Pret. i os, 
+
+Horatii Opera 
+Virgilij Opera 
+
+Juvenalis & Periit Satire \ 
+
+Ovidii Metamorph. 
+
+•-Epiftolce 
+
+- ■ Fafti 
+
+
+Noris in. 
+n fu m 
+phiui. 
+
+
+rvi 
+
+
+Terentii Comcedia? J** 
+
+M. Tul!ii Ciceronis Orationer, 
+
+L, Flori rerum Romanar. Epitome 
+SailuHii Hiftor. 
+
+Suetonius 
+
+J. CaTaris Comment, | 
+
+Pha:dri Fabides J 
+
+Nonnulli e Luciani Dialogis felebli, Sc in duas panes divifi 5 
+alteram prius editam, alteram additam : omnes Scholiis 
+illuflratx ah Ed-uardo Leedes . 8vo. 
+
+Eutropii Hiftorize Romance Breviariumab nrbc condita tifgne 
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+Epigrammatum Grzecorum Florilegium novum, cum aliis Ve- 
+terum P* ematis. Sc Jnterprctatione Latina i . mo, 
+Mythologia JEfopica. In qua continentur /Efopi Fabulas 
+Grasco-Latinse 298. In Ufum SchoLs Etc-r. ends. 12R10. 
+
+Syntaxis Erafmiana conflridlior. In ufum ScEoiarum.-— 
+
+Syntaxis Erafm. conttriclior conilrued. 
+
+Carmina Quadrageflimalia ab EEdis Chrifli Oxon. Alum- 
+nis compoilta & ab ejufdem ^Eais Baccahiureis d r- rmi- 
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+Editio tertia. 
+
+Novum Jefu Chrifli Teftamentura : A * erajrian0 C. ftf-lio?ie 
+Latine redditum. Edit, novifiima, prio.icus -o::ge ema- 
+culatior. 173 5. 
+
+TVillymotds larger Examples; for the Ufe of Eton School. 
+
+- -- r— fhorter Examples to 1 .illy’s Gramma'-Rules for 
+
+Children’s Latin Exercifes, with an E\'pU.-.ai_c.. t;* each. 
+
+
+Rule. 
+
+
+
+BOOKS printed , &c. 
+
+EngliHi Particles exemplified in Sentences defigned for Latin 
+Exercifes : With the proper Rendering of each Particle 
+inferted in the Sentence, For the Ufe of Eton School* 
+By William Willymott? L.L. D. Odtavo. 
+
+Sel e£tas e profanis Scriptoribus Hiftorias ; quibus admifta 
+funt varia honefte vivendi praecepta, ex iifdem Scriptori- 
+bus deprompta. Nova Editio. 
+
+Seledlce e veteri Teftamento Hiftoria?. Ad Ufum eorum qui 
+Latinaa Lingua Rudimentis imbuuntur. 
+
+The Royal Didtionary, French and Englijh , and Englijh 
+
+and French : extradled from the Writings of the bell: 
+
+— * 
+
+Authors in both Languages, Compofed for the Ufe of 
+his late Royal Highnefs the Duke of GlouccJIer* by Mr. 
+A. Bowyer. A New Edition, carefully corrected, im¬ 
+proved with the Signification of the Words, and enlarged 
+with a very great Number of Words, Sentences, Pro¬ 
+verbs, and Idioms, both Englijh and French . By J . C. 
+Prieur . Quarto. 
+
+The Royal Dictionary abridged. In two Parts. French 
+and Englijh , and Englijh and French . By Mr. A. Boyer. 
+Carefully corrected and improved, with the Addition of 
+many hundred Words not in any former Edition. By 
+Mr. Prieur . The thirteenth Edition. In one Vol. 8vo. 
+
+The Lives and Characters of the Ro?nan Poets , containing 
+a critical and hiflorical Account of them and their Wri¬ 
+tings ; with large Quotations of their moll celebrated Paf- 
+fages, as far as was necefiary to compare and illufirate 
+their feveral Excellencies, as well as to difcover wherein, 
+they were deficient; to which is added a Chronological 
+Table fitted to the Years before and after Chrift , together 
+with an Introduction, concerning the Origin and Progrefs 
+of Poetry in general, and an EfTay on Dramatic Poetry in 
+particular ; by 'Lewis Crujius , late Mafcer of the Charter - 
+houfe School. In two Volumes, izrno; the third Edi¬ 
+tion. Price 5s. 
+
+Hudibrasy in three Parts, written in the Time of the Grand 
+Rebellion; corrected ; and amended with Additions; to 
+which are added Annotations and an exaCt Index to the 
+whole. ' 
+
+
+