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  ---
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  library_name: transformers
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  tags: []
 
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  ---
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- # Model Card for Model ID
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- <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
 
 
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  ## Model Details
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  ### Model Description
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- <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
 
 
 
 
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- This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
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- - **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- - **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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  ### Model Sources [optional]
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  <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- - **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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  ## Uses
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@@ -39,134 +66,127 @@ This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the
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  ### Direct Use
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- <!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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-
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ### Downstream Use [optional]
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-
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- <!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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-
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ### Out-of-Scope Use
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-
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- <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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-
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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-
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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-
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ### Recommendations
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-
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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-
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- Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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  ## How to Get Started with the Model
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- Use the code below to get started with the model.
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## Training Details
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  ### Training Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ### Training Procedure
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- <!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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-
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- #### Preprocessing [optional]
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-
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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  #### Training Hyperparameters
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- - **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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-
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- #### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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-
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- <!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ## Evaluation
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-
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- <!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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-
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- ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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- #### Testing Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- #### Factors
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-
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- <!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Metrics
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-
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- <!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Results
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- #### Summary
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-
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- ## Model Examination [optional]
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-
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- <!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Environmental Impact
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-
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- <!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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-
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- Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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-
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- - **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ## Technical Specifications [optional]
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-
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- ### Model Architecture and Objective
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Compute Infrastructure
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Hardware
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- #### Software
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ## Citation [optional]
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@@ -174,28 +194,16 @@ Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator]
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  **BibTeX:**
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- [More Information Needed]
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- **APA:**
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- [More Information Needed]
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-
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- ## Glossary [optional]
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-
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- <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## More Information [optional]
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Model Card Authors [optional]
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Model Card Contact
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- [More Information Needed]
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  ---
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  library_name: transformers
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  tags: []
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+ inference: false
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  ---
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+ # SuperGlue
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+ The SuperGlue model was proposed
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+ in [SuperGlue: Learning Feature Matching with Graph Neural Networks](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.11763) by Paul-Edouard Sarlin, Daniel
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+ DeTone, Tomasz Malisiewicz and Andrew Rabinovich.
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+ This model consists of matching two sets of interest points detected in an image. Paired with the
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+ [SuperPoint model](https://huggingface.co/magic-leap-community/superpoint), it can be used to match two images and
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+ estimate the pose between them. This model is useful for tasks such as image matching, homography estimation, etc.
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+ The abstract from the paper is the following:
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+
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+ *This paper introduces SuperGlue, a neural network that matches two sets of local features by jointly finding correspondences
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+ and rejecting non-matchable points. Assignments are estimated by solving a differentiable optimal transport problem, whose costs
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+ are predicted by a graph neural network. We introduce a flexible context aggregation mechanism based on attention, enabling
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+ SuperGlue to reason about the underlying 3D scene and feature assignments jointly. Compared to traditional, hand-designed heuristics,
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+ our technique learns priors over geometric transformations and regularities of the 3D world through end-to-end training from image
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+ pairs. SuperGlue outperforms other learned approaches and achieves state-of-the-art results on the task of pose estimation in
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+ challenging real-world indoor and outdoor environments. The proposed method performs matching in real-time on a modern GPU and
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+ can be readily integrated into modern SfM or SLAM systems. The code and trained weights are publicly available at this [URL](https://github.com/magicleap/SuperGluePretrainedNetwork).*
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+
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+ <img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/632885ba1558dac67c440aa8/2I8QDRNoMhQCuL236CvdN.png" alt="drawing" width="500"/>
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+
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+ <!-- ![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/632885ba1558dac67c440aa8/2I8QDRNoMhQCuL236CvdN.png) -->
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+
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+ This model was contributed by [stevenbucaille](https://huggingface.co/stevenbucaille).
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+ The original code can be found [here](https://github.com/magicleap/SuperGluePretrainedNetwork).
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  ## Model Details
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  ### Model Description
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+ SuperGlue is a neural network that matches two sets of local features by jointly finding correspondences and rejecting non-matchable points.
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+ It introduces a flexible context aggregation mechanism based on attention, enabling it to reason about the underlying 3D scene and feature
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+ assignments. The architecture consists of two main components: the Attentional Graph Neural Network and the Optimal Matching Layer.
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+
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+ <img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/632885ba1558dac67c440aa8/zZGjSWQU2na5aPFRak5kp.png" alt="drawing" width="1000"/>
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+ <!-- ![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/632885ba1558dac67c440aa8/zZGjSWQU2na5aPFRak5kp.png) -->
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+ The Attentional Graph Neural Network uses a Keypoint Encoder to map keypoint positions and visual descriptors.
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+ It employs self- and cross-attention layers to create powerful representations. The Optimal Matching Layer creates a
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+ score matrix, augments it with dustbins, and finds the optimal partial assignment using the Sinkhorn algorithm.
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+
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+ - **Developed by:** MagicLeap
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+ - **Model type:** Image Matching
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+ - **License:** ACADEMIC OR NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION NONCOMMERCIAL RESEARCH USE ONLY
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  ### Model Sources [optional]
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  <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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+ - **Repository:** https://github.com/magicleap/SuperGluePretrainedNetwork
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+ - **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.11763
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+ - **Demo:** https://psarlin.com/superglue/
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  ## Uses
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  ### Direct Use
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+ SuperGlue is designed for feature matching and pose estimation tasks in computer vision. It can be applied to a variety of multiple-view
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+ geometry problems and can handle challenging real-world indoor and outdoor environments. However, it may not perform well on tasks that
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+ require different types of visual understanding, such as object detection or image classification.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## How to Get Started with the Model
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+ Here is a quick example of using the model. Since this model is an image matching model, it requires pairs of images to be matched:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, AutoModel
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+ import torch
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+ from PIL import Image
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+ import requests
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+
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+ url = "https://github.com/magicleap/SuperGluePretrainedNetwork/blob/master/assets/phototourism_sample_images/london_bridge_78916675_4568141288.jpg?raw=true"
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+ im1 = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)
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+ url = "https://github.com/magicleap/SuperGluePretrainedNetwork/blob/master/assets/phototourism_sample_images/london_bridge_19481797_2295892421.jpg?raw=true"
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+ im2 = Image.open(requests.get(url, stream=True).raw)
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+ images = [im1, im2]
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+
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+ processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained("stevenbucaille/superglue_outdoor")
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+ model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("stevenbucaille/superglue_outdoor")
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+
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+ inputs = processor(images, return_tensors="pt")
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+ outputs = model(**inputs)
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+ ```
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+
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+ The outputs contain the list of keypoints detected by the keypoint detector as well as the list of matches with their corresponding matching scores.
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+ Due to the nature of SuperGlue, to output a dynamic number of matches, you will need to use the mask attribute to retrieve the respective information:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, AutoModel
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+ import torch
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+ from PIL import Image
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+ import requests
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+
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+ url_image_1 = "https://github.com/cvg/LightGlue/blob/main/assets/sacre_coeur1.jpg?raw=true"
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+ image_1 = Image.open(requests.get(url_image_1, stream=True).raw)
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+ url_image_2 = "https://github.com/cvg/LightGlue/blob/main/assets/sacre_coeur2.jpg?raw=true"
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+ image_2 = Image.open(requests.get(url_image_2, stream=True).raw)
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+
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+ images = [image_1, image_2]
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+
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+ processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained("stevenbucaille/superglue_outdoor")
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+ model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("stevenbucaille/superglue_outdoor")
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+
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+ inputs = processor(images, return_tensors="pt")
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+ with torch.no_grad():
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+ outputs = model(**inputs)
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+
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+ # Get the respective image masks
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+ image0_mask, image1_mask = outputs_mask[0]
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+
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+ image0_indices = torch.nonzero(image0_mask).squeeze()
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+ image1_indices = torch.nonzero(image1_mask).squeeze()
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+
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+ image0_matches = outputs.matches[0, 0][image0_indices]
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+ image1_matches = outputs.matches[0, 1][image1_indices]
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+
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+ image0_matching_scores = outputs.matching_scores[0, 0][image0_indices]
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+ image1_matching_scores = outputs.matching_scores[0, 1][image1_indices]
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+ ```
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+
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+ You can then print the matched keypoints on a side-by-side image to visualize the result :
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+ ```python
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+ import cv2
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+ import numpy as np
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+
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+ # Create side by side image
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+ input_data = inputs['pixel_values']
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+ height, width = input_data.shape[-2:]
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+ matched_image = np.zeros((height, width * 2, 3))
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+ matched_image[:, :width] = input_data.squeeze()[0].permute(1, 2, 0).cpu().numpy()
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+ matched_image[:, width:] = input_data.squeeze()[1].permute(1, 2, 0).cpu().numpy()
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+ matched_image = (matched_image * 255).astype(np.uint8)
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+
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+ # Retrieve matches by looking at which keypoints in image0 actually matched with keypoints in image1
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+ image0_mask = outputs.mask[0, 0]
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+ image0_indices = torch.nonzero(image0_mask).squeeze()
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+ image0_matches_indices = torch.nonzero(outputs.matches[0, 0][image0_indices] != -1).squeeze()
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+ image0_keypoints = outputs.keypoints[0, 0][image0_matches_indices]
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+ image0_matches = outputs.matches[0, 0][image0_matches_indices]
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+ image0_matching_scores = outputs.matching_scores[0, 0][image0_matches_indices]
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+ # Retrieve matches from image1
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+ image1_mask = outputs.mask[0, 1]
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+ image1_indices = torch.nonzero(image1_mask).squeeze()
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+ image1_keypoints = outputs.keypoints[0, 1][image0_matches]
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+
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+ # Draw matches
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+ for (keypoint0, keypoint1, score) in zip(image0_keypoints, image1_keypoints, image0_matching_scores):
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+ keypoint0_x, keypoint0_y = int(keypoint0[0].item()), int(keypoint0[1].item())
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+ keypoint1_x, keypoint1_y = int(keypoint1[0].item() + width), int(keypoint1[1].item())
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+ color = tuple([int(score.item() * 255)] * 3)
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+ matched_image = cv2.line(matched_image, (keypoint0_x, keypoint0_y), (keypoint1_x, keypoint1_y), color)
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+ cv2.imwrite(f"matched_image.png", matched_image)
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+ ```
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+
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  ## Training Details
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  ### Training Data
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+ SuperGlue is trained on large annotated datasets for pose estimation, enabling it to learn priors for pose estimation and reason about the 3D scene.
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+ The training data consists of image pairs with ground truth correspondences and unmatched keypoints derived from ground truth poses and depth maps.
 
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  ### Training Procedure
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+ SuperGlue is trained in a supervised manner using ground truth matches and unmatched keypoints. The loss function maximizes
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+ the negative log-likelihood of the assignment matrix, aiming to simultaneously maximize precision and recall.
 
 
 
 
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  #### Training Hyperparameters
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+ - **Training regime:** fp32
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ #### Speeds, Sizes, Times
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+ SuperGlue is designed to be efficient and runs in real-time on a modern GPU. A forward pass takes approximately 69 milliseconds (15 FPS) for an indoor image pair.
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+ The model has 12 million parameters, making it relatively compact compared to some other deep learning models.
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+ The inference speed of SuperGlue is suitable for real-time applications and can be readily integrated into
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+ modern Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) or Structure-from-Motion (SfM) systems.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ## Citation [optional]
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  **BibTeX:**
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @inproceedings{sarlin2020superglue,
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+ title={Superglue: Learning feature matching with graph neural networks},
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+ author={Sarlin, Paul-Edouard and DeTone, Daniel and Malisiewicz, Tomasz and Rabinovich, Andrew},
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+ booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition},
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+ pages={4938--4947},
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+ year={2020}
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+ }
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+ ```
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ ## Model Card Authors
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+ [Steven Bucaille](https://github.com/sbucaille)