36206327|t|External Collaboration Results in Student Learning Gains and Positive STEM Attitudes in CUREs.
36206327|a|The implementation of course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) has made it possible to expose large undergraduate populations to research experiences. For these research experiences to be authentic, they should reflect the increasingly collaborative nature of research. While some CUREs have expanded, involving multiple schools across the nation, it is still unclear how a structured extramural collaboration between students and faculty from an outside institution affects student outcomes. In this study, we established three cohorts of students: 1) no-CURE, 2) single-institution CURE (CURE), and 3) external collaborative CURE (ec-CURE), and assessed academic and attitudinal outcomes. The ec-CURE differs from a regular CURE in that students work with faculty member from an external institution to refine their hypotheses and discuss their data. The sharing of ideas, data, and materials with an external faculty member allowed students to experience a level of collaboration not typically found in an undergraduate setting. Students in the ec-CURE had the greatest gains in experimental design; self-reported course benefits; scientific skills; and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) importance. Importantly this study occurred in a diverse community of STEM disciplinary faculty from 2- and 4-year institutions, illustrating that exposing students to structured external collaboration is both feasible and beneficial to student learning.

36206680|t|Deciphering the mechanisms shaping the plastisphere antibiotic resistome on riverine microplastics.
36206680|a|Microplastics in urban rivers provide bacterial niches and serve as dispersal vectors for antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) dissemination, which may exacerbate risks in the aquatic systems. However, whether MPs in the river would also selectively enrich ARGs and the underlying mechanisms shaping the resistome on MPs remains largely unknown. In this study, we explored the occurrence of ARGs, bacterial communities, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) on MPs and in waters from the Huangpu River in China. Microplastics were widely distributed in the river (1.78 +- 0.84 items/L), with overwhelming percentages of polyethylene terephthalate fibers. Although reduced ARG abundances were observed on MPs than in waters, MPs selectively enriched the ARGs resistant to Rifamycin and Vancomycin. A clear variation for ARG profiles was elucidated between water and MPs samples. Network analysis suggested that MPs created a unique niche for the genus Afipia to colonize, potentially contributing to the vertical dissemination of ARGs. Additionally, the co-occurrence between ARGs and MGEs revealed that the MPs favor the propagation of some plasmid-associated ARGs mediated by horizontal gene transfer. The null model-based stochasticity ratio and the neutral community model suggested that the ARG assembly on MPs was dominantly driven by stochastic process. The results further indicated that microbial communities and MGEs played significant roles in shaping ARG profiles and dynamics on MPs. Our findings provided new insights into the ecological processes of antibiotic resistome of the aquatic plastisphere.
36206680	766	769	ARG	FamilyName

36207030|t|Exploring the impact of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor treatment on opinions regarding airway clearance techniques and nebulisers: TEMPO a qualitative study in children with cystic fibrosis, their families and healthcare professionals.
36207030|a|BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition caused by variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that primarily impacts the lungs. Treatments historically have been symptomatic to improve airway clearance and treat infection. However, CFTR modulator drugs have recently been developed that target the underlying defect. The triple combination of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) was approved in 2020 in England for over 80% of people with CF aged over 12 years and in 2022 extended to those over 6 years. ETI treatment is associated with substantial improvements in lung function. The experience of children with CF starting on ETI or their views regarding future treatments have not been well studied. This study aimed to explore the opinions of children with CF, their parents/carers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) on the impact of ETI, airway clearance techniques (ACTs) and nebulised treatments. METHODS: Semistructured qualitative interviews were performed with 10 children with CF, 7 parents/carers and 10 HCPs. Audio recordings were transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Four main themes were identified: 'Kaftrio changed my life', 'Your entire life is dictated by the CF timetable', 'Simplifying treatment-hopes and fears' and 'Kaftrio is a game-changer' along with several subthemes and an overarching theme of 'I still can't get my head around how three tablets can do what Kaftrio done'. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the highly positive impact of ETI on the health of children with CF some concerns remain about the longer-term outcomes of reducing ACTs or nebulised treatments. ETI has prompted a shift in treatment for many and offers an opportunity to personalise approaches.
36207030	162	170	children	Species	*9606
36207030	720	726	people	Species	*9606
36207030	892	900	children	Species	*9606
36207030	1040	1048	children	Species	*9606
36207030	1268	1276	children	Species	*9606
36207030	1800	1808	children	Species	*9606
36207030	320	371	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Gene
36207030	373	377	CFTR	Gene
36207030	522	526	CFTR	Gene

36207381|t|Contribution of perceived loneliness to suicidal thoughts among French university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
36207381|a|Restrictive measures during the COVID-19 epidemic have led to increased levels of loneliness, especially among university students, although the influence on suicidal thoughts remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study of 1913 French university students, those with the highest level of loneliness had a fourfold increased risk of suicidal thoughts. Perceived loneliness should be incorporated into suicide risk assessment, and assistance in coping with loneliness should be considered as a means of reducing suicidal risk in vulnerable groups, like university students.

36207733|t|Patient and provider perspectives on polygenic risk scores: implications for clinical reporting and utilization.
36207733|a|BACKGROUND: Polygenic risk scores (PRS), which offer information about genomic risk for common diseases, have been proposed for clinical implementation. The ways in which PRS information may influence a patient's health trajectory depend on how both the patient and their primary care provider (PCP) interpret and act on PRS information. We aimed to probe patient and PCP responses to PRS clinical reporting choices METHODS: Qualitative semi-structured interviews of both patients (N=25) and PCPs (N=21) exploring responses to mock PRS clinical reports of two different designs: binary and continuous representations of PRS. RESULTS: Many patients did not understand the numbers representing risk, with high numeracy patients being the exception. However, all the patients still understood a key takeaway that they should ask their PCP about actions to lower their disease risk. PCPs described a diverse range of heuristics they would use to interpret and act on PRS information. Three separate use cases for PRS emerged: to aid in gray-area clinical decision-making, to encourage patients to do what PCPs think patients should be doing anyway (such as exercising regularly), and to identify previously unrecognized high-risk patients. PCPs indicated that receiving "below average risk" information could be both beneficial and potentially harmful, depending on the use case. For "increased risk" patients, PCPs were favorable towards integrating PRS information into their practice, though some would only act in the presence of evidence-based guidelines. PCPs describe the report as more than a way to convey information, viewing it as something to structure the whole interaction with the patient. Both patients and PCPs preferred the continuous over the binary representation of PRS (23/25 and 17/21, respectively). We offer recommendations for the developers of PRS to consider for PRS clinical report design in the light of these patient and PCP viewpoints. CONCLUSIONS: PCPs saw PRS information as a natural extension of their current practice. The most pressing gap for PRS implementation is evidence for clinical utility. Careful clinical report design can help ensure that benefits are realized and harms are minimized.
36207733	0	7	Patient	Species	*9606
36207733	316	323	patient	Species	*9606
36207733	367	374	patient	Species	*9606
36207733	469	476	patient	Species	*9606
36207733	585	593	patients	Species	*9606
36207733	752	760	patients	Species	*9606
36207733	830	838	patients	Species	*9606
36207733	877	885	patients	Species	*9606
36207733	1194	1202	patients	Species	*9606
36207733	1225	1233	patients	Species	*9606
36207733	1339	1347	patients	Species	*9606
36207733	1510	1518	patients	Species	*9606
36207733	1805	1812	patient	Species	*9606
36207733	1819	1827	patients	Species	*9606
36207733	2049	2056	patient	Species	*9606

36208084|t|GPR109a Regulates Phenotypic and Functional Alterations in Macrophages and the Progression of Type 1 Diabetes.
36208084|a|SCOPE: Dietary fibers can alter gut microbiota and microbial metabolite profiles. SCFAs are produced by bacterial fermentation of fiber, mediating immune homeostasis through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPR109a, a receptor for niacin and butyrate, expressed by immune cells and non-immune cells, is a key factor regulating immune responses. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of GPR109a in type 1 diabetes (T1D) remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Experimental T1D was induced by streptozotocin in GPR109a-deficient (Gpr109a-/- ) and wild type mice. We found that Gpr109a-/- mice were more susceptible to T1D with dysregulated immune responses, along with increased M1 macrophage polarization (from 10.55% to 21.48%). Further, an adoptive transfer experiment demonstrated that GPR109a-deficient macrophages promoted the homing of intestine-derived Tc1 cells to pancreas (from 18.91% to 24.24%), thus disturbing the pancreatic immune homeostasis in non-obese diabetic mice. Mechanistically, GPR109a deficiency promoted M1 macrophage polarization may be associated with the activation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal that macrophage GPR109a deficiency accelerates the development of T1D. Activation of GPR109a on macrophage by dietary components may provide a new strategy for preventing or treating T1D. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
36208084	673	677	mice	Species	*10090
36208084	704	708	mice	Species	*10090
36208084	1096	1100	mice	Species	*10090
36208084	0	7	GPR109a	Gene
36208084	285	312	G-protein-coupled receptors	FamilyName
36208084	314	319	GPCRs	FamilyName
36208084	322	329	GPR109a	Gene
36208084	507	514	GPR109a	Gene
36208084	627	634	GPR109a	Gene
36208084	646	653	Gpr109a	Gene
36208084	693	700	Gpr109a	Gene
36208084	906	913	GPR109a	Gene
36208084	1119	1126	GPR109a	Gene
36208084	1215	1249	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Gene
36208084	1250	1300	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Gene
36208084	1368	1375	GPR109a	Gene
36208084	1437	1444	GPR109a	Gene

36208435|t|Evaluating syntactic comprehension during awake intraoperative cortical stimulation mapping.
36208435|a|OBJECTIVE: Electrocortical stimulation mapping (ECS) is widely used to identify essential language areas, but sentence-level processing has rarely been investigated. METHODS: While undergoing awake surgery in the dominant left hemisphere, 6 subjects were asked to comprehend sentences varying in their demands on syntactic processing. RESULTS: In all 6 subjects, stimulation of the inferior frontal gyrus disrupted comprehension of passive sentences, which critically depend on syntactic processing to correctly assign grammatical roles, without disrupting comprehension of simpler tasks. In 4 of the 6 subjects, these sites were localized to the pars opercularis. Sentence comprehension was also disrupted by stimulation of other perisylvian sites, but in a more variable manner. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that there may be language regions that differentially contribute to sentence processing and which therefore are best identified using sentence-level tasks. The functional consequences of resecting these sites remain to be investigated.

36208787|t|Residence near industrial complex and cancer incidence: A registry-based cohort of 1,022,637 participants with a follow-up of 21 years, Israel.
36208787|a|BACKGROUND: Industrial complex (IC) residence is associated with higher cancer incidence in adults and children. However, the effect on young adults and the residence duration are not well described. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the Haifa bay area (HBA) has a major IC area with petrochemical industry complex and many other industries. The objectives of the current study were to estimate the association between IC residence and cancer incidence and to evaluate the effect of the residence duration. METHODS: This study is a registry-based cohort (N = 1,022,637) with a follow-up of 21 years. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the associations (hazards ratios (HR) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) between HBA residence and incidence of all cancer sites (n = 62,049) and for site-specific cancer types including: lung cancer (n = 5398), bladder cancer (n = 3790), breast cancer (n = 11,310), prostate cancer (n = 6389) skin cancer (n = 4651), pancreatic cancer (n = 2144) and colorectal cancer (n = 8675). We evaluated the effect of the duration of exposure as categories of 7 years for those with 15 years of follow-up. RESULTS: IC residence was associated with higher risk for all cancer sites (HR:1.09, 95% CI: 1.06-1.12), for site-specific cancer incidence including: lung cancer (HR:1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.23), bladder cancer (HR:1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.23), breast cancer (HR:1.04, 95% CI: 0.98-1.10), prostate cancer (HR:1.07, 95% CI: 0.99-1.16), skin cancer (HR:1.22, 95% CI: 1.12-1.33) and colorectal cancer (HR:1.10, 95%CI: 1.03-1.17). Similar risk was also observed among young adults (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00-1.20). In the analyses for the duration of exposure, IC residence was associated with higher risk for all cancer site for the longest residence duration (15-21 years: HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.13). CONCLUSIONS: Harmful associations were found between IC residence and incidence of all cancer sites and site-specific cancers types. Our findings add to the limited evidence of associations between IC residence and cancer in young adults.
36208787	93	105	participants	Species	*9606
36208787	247	255	children	Species	*9606

36209137|t|Retraction Note: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-146a reverses diabetic beta-cell dedifferentiation.
36209137|a|-no abstract-
36209137	56	64	miR-146a	Gene

36209489|t|Corticotropin-releasing factor is involved in acute stress-induced analgesia and antipruritus.
36209489|a|BACKGROUND: Under the condition of stress, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) is activated and causes the secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Previous studies have demonstrated that CRF is involved in the regulation of pain and itch. Thus, it remains worthy to explore whether the desensitization of pain and itch under high-intensity acute stress (such as high fear and tension) is related to the sharp increase of CRF. METHODS: Forced swimming was used to simulate acute stress. ELISA and pharmacological methods were conducted to observe the effects of forced swimming on acute pain or itch and the relationship between blood CRF content and itch or pain behavior. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of CRF was conducted to examine the effects of CRF on acute pain or itch. Intrathecal administration of CRF receptor agonist or antagonist was conducted to examine the receptor mechanisms of the regulatory role of CRF in pain and itch. RESULTS: ELISA experiment showed that the serum CRF in mice reached its peak within 5-10 min after acute stress (forced swimming). Behavioral data showed that the scratching behavior induced by itch agents decreased after acute swimming, while the mechanical pain threshold increased significantly. The inhibitory effect of acute stress on pain and itch is mediated by CRF receptor2 (CRFR2). Then, ICV injection of CRF was used to simulate the massive release of CRF under acute stress, and we observed that the scratching behavior induced by histamine or chloroquine was significantly inhibited after ICV injection of CRF. The above effects of CRF are mainly mediated by CRFR2. These results suggest that 5-10 min after acute stress, a large amount of CRF is released into the blood from the hypothalamus, which significantly inhibits acute pain and itch by acting on CRFR2. ICV injection of CRF can replicate the antipruritus effects of acute stress. CONCLUSIONS: The present study investigated the mechanism of acute stress-induced analgesia and antipruritus and provided theoretical support for the treatment of pain and itch.
36209489	1130	1134	mice	Species	*10090
36209489	0	30	Corticotropin-releasing factor	Gene
36209489	230	260	corticotropin-releasing factor	Gene
36209489	262	265	CRF	Gene
36209489	308	311	CRF	Gene
36209489	755	758	CRF	Gene
36209489	842	845	CRF	Gene
36209489	886	889	CRF	Gene
36209489	943	955	CRF receptor	Gene
36209489	1053	1056	CRF	Gene
36209489	1123	1126	CRF	Gene
36209489	1444	1457	CRF receptor2	Gene
36209489	1459	1464	CRFR2	Gene
36209489	1490	1493	CRF	Gene
36209489	1538	1541	CRF	Gene
36209489	1694	1697	CRF	Gene
36209489	1720	1723	CRF	Gene
36209489	1747	1752	CRFR2	Gene
36209489	1828	1831	CRF	Gene
36209489	1944	1949	CRFR2	Gene
36209489	1968	1971	CRF	Gene

36209839|t|'Erythritol', a safe natural sweetener exhibits multi-stage anti-malarial activity by permeating into Plasmodium falciparum through aquaglyceroporin channel.
36209839|a|The increased resistance of human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) to currently used drugs necessities the development of novel anti-malarials. Here, we examine the potential of erythritol, a sugar substitute for therapeutic intervention. Erythritol is a permeant of Plasmodium falciparum aquaglyceroporin (PfAQP) which is a multifunctional channel responsible for maintaining hydro-homeostasis. We show that erythritol effectively inhibited growth and progression of asexual blood stage malaria parasite, and effect invasion and egress processes. It also inhibited the liver stage (sporozoites) and transmission stage parasite (gametocytes) development. Interestingly, erythritol inhibited in vivo growth of malaria parasite in mouse experimental model. It was more effective in inhibiting parasite growth both in vivo and in vitro when tested together with a known anti-malarial 'artesunate'. Additionally, erythritol showed cytokine-modulating effect which suggests its direct effect on the host immune system. Ammonia detection assay demonstrated that erythritol uptake effects the amount of ammonia release across the parasite. Our functional complementation assays suggest that PfAQP expression in yeast mutant restores its growth in hyperosmotic conditions but showed reduced growth in the presence of erythritol. Osmotic lysis assay suggests that erythritol creates osmotic stress for killing the parasite. Overall, our data bestow erythritol as a promising lead compound with an attractive antimalarial profile and could possibly be combined with known drugs without losing its efficacy. We propose the use of erythritol based sweet candies for protection against malaria specially in children living in the endemic area.
36209839	102	123	Plasmodium falciparum	Species	*5833
36209839	186	191	human	Species	*9606
36209839	209	230	Plasmodium falciparum	Species	*5833
36209839	436	457	Plasmodium falciparum	Species	*5833
36209839	898	903	mouse	Species	*10090
36209839	1373	1378	yeast	Species	*4932
36209839	1863	1871	children	Species	*9606
36209839	232	234	Pf	Species	*5833
36209839	408	418	Erythritol	Gene
36209839	458	474	aquaglyceroporin	Gene
36209839	476	481	PfAQP	Gene
36209839	1353	1358	PfAQP	Gene

36210189|t|Disturbance observer-based prescribed performance super-twisting sliding mode control for autonomous surface vessels.
36210189|a|This paper proposes a disturbance observer-based prescribed performance super-twisting sliding mode control (DOB PPSTSMC) for trajectory tracking of the autonomous surface vessels (ASVs) subject to unknown external disturbances and modeling errors. Both unknown external disturbances and system modeling errors are approximated by the disturbance observer, thus eliminating most of the effect caused by lumped disturbances in the control performance. Based on this, a prescribed performance super-twisting sliding mode controller is explored to further suppress the residual error of disturbance compensation. Prescribed performance constraints are considered in the coming up with the super-twisting sliding mode controller, so that ASVs not only achieve effective tracking of time-varying desired trajectories, but also improve the transient performance of the control system. In addition, the controller is continuous and chatter-free, which has greater practical value. The excellence of the control project design is highlighted through the simulation and comparison results.

36210539|t|Additional evidence for the vascular disruption defect hypothesis in a novel case of brainstem disconnection syndrome.
36210539|a|INTRODUCTION: Brainstem disconnection syndrome is a rare and severe disease resulting from a midbrain-hindbrain segmental defect. Clinical signs include a severe neurological impairment, an early death (usually during the first year of life), and pathognomonic postnatal brain imaging features. Two major hypotheses are proposed to explain the etiopathogenesis of this syndrome, namely an inborn error of morphogenesis or a vascular disruption defect. CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW: Here we report on prenatal (ultrasound; fetal MRI) and postnatal (MRI) neuroimaging findings observed in a full-term female newborn with a brainstem disconnection syndrome. The prenatal and postnatal findings point toward an early fetal vascular disruption defect as the pregnancy was marked by three episodes of hospitalization resulting from a very severe maternal dehydration. The first episode took place as early as the 18th week of gestation. Our clinical follow-up at 1 year age is well in line with the findings observed in 13 other cases reported in the literature. Interestingly, among these 13 cases, a vascular disruption defect was suggested in 8 patients and confirmed by autopsy in at least 2 cases. CONCLUSION: In the present report, we bring objective evidence for the antenatal cause of a brainstem disconnection syndrome resulting from a vascular disruption defect occurring in the context of a severe maternal dehydration. In particular, our neuroimaging findings observed during pregnancy and after birth illustrate the prenatal occurrence of this vascular disruption defect.
36210539	1266	1274	patients	Species	*9606

36210889|t|Profiling planning skills and cognitive flexibility of adults with autism spectrum disorders: Preliminary results from an exploratory service-based study.
36210889|a|Background: Executive functions (EF) impairments have long been observed in children and youths with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Until very recently, little attention has been paid to examine EF profiles of adults with ASD. Given the importance of EF to cope with the demands of daily life and participate in society (e.g. maintaining an employment), this study reports on a preliminary investigation aimed at exploring planning skills and cognitive flexibility in a sample of adults with ASD and without intellectual disability. A secondary aim was to explore the contribution of both intellectual functioning and socio-demographic variables on efficiency of EF. Method: Twenty-nine autistic adults (age range 18-50) were assessed using the Tower of London (ToL) test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Intellectual functioning was assessed with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - IV. Results: From the evaluations emerged poor performances in sub-processes related to planning skills as assessed by ToL (number of Moves, Correct Reponses, and Execution time). In contrast, WCST performance did not result impaired in any of the indicators considered. Exploratory analyses revealed a strong relationship between the time needed to complete the planning tasks and visuo-spatial reasoning. Further, strong inverse associations were found between global intellectual functioning and chronological age in the WCST. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight mixed EF profiles in a sample of adults with ASD. Future investigations may build on the results of the present study to understand whether evaluating planning abilities of adults with ASD by means of measures that do not require a time-limit would yield different results compared to time-constrained assessment procedures.
36210889	231	239	children	Species	*9606

36211239|t|Progress in adopting bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship in the Americas: lessons from Uruguay and Argentina.
36211239|a|Objective: To assess progress in and barriers to implementing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) in Uruguay, which has a complete ban, and Argentina, with a partial ban. Methods: Legislation on TAPS bans in Uruguay and Argentina was reviewed and relevant published literature, news stories, civil society reports and tobacco industry reports retrieved to analyze progress in implementing TAPS bans. Results: In Uruguay, the complete TAPS ban, which includes standardized tobacco packaging, maintains high compliance and severely limits exposure of TAPS, despite a few problems with corporate social responsibility, social media, and transnational advertising. In Argentina, the partial TAPS ban has more problems with compliance and exposure to TAPS. The most important barriers to implementing TAPS bans in both countries are the tobacco companies. In Uruguay, tobacco companies do not comply in a few areas but the complete ban greatly minimizes this. In Argentina, however, tobacco companies can more easily exploit gaps in the partial TAPS ban, such as advertising at the points of sale, promoting contests, and using influencers on social media. Conclusions: The partial TAPS ban in Argentina illustrates the problems with enforcement and the tobacco industry's ability to exploit loopholes and continue to market their products, especially to young people. A complete TAPS ban, including standardized tobacco packaging, as in Uruguay, is easier to implement and enforce and is effective in reducing exposure to tobacco advertising. Nevertheless, governments should prioritize implementing TAPS bans on social media, which remains a difficult sphere to monitor and allows tobacco companies to continue recruiting and targeting young people.
36211239	29	36	tobacco	Species	*4097
36211239	200	207	tobacco	Species	*4097
36211239	474	481	tobacco	Species	*4097
36211239	628	635	tobacco	Species	*4097
36211239	988	995	tobacco	Species	*4097
36211239	1019	1026	tobacco	Species	*4097
36211239	1134	1141	tobacco	Species	*4097
36211239	1405	1412	tobacco	Species	*4097
36211239	1512	1518	people	Species	*9606
36211239	1564	1571	tobacco	Species	*4097
36211239	1674	1681	tobacco	Species	*4097
36211239	1834	1841	tobacco	Species	*4097
36211239	1895	1901	people	Species	*9606

36211589|t|Brain augmentation and neuroscience technologies: current applications, challenges, ethics and future prospects.
36211589|a|Ever since the dawn of antiquity, people have strived to improve their cognitive abilities. From the advent of the wheel to the development of artificial intelligence, technology has had a profound leverage on civilization. Cognitive enhancement or augmentation of brain functions has become a trending topic both in academic and public debates in improving physical and mental abilities. The last years have seen a plethora of suggestions for boosting cognitive functions and biochemical, physical, and behavioral strategies are being explored in the field of cognitive enhancement. Despite expansion of behavioral and biochemical approaches, various physical strategies are known to boost mental abilities in diseased and healthy individuals. Clinical applications of neuroscience technologies offer alternatives to pharmaceutical approaches and devices for diseases that have been fatal, so far. Importantly, the distinctive aspect of these technologies, which shapes their existing and anticipated participation in brain augmentations, is used to compare and contrast them. As a preview of the next two decades of progress in brain augmentation, this article presents a plausible estimation of the many neuroscience technologies, their virtues, demerits, and applications. The review also focuses on the ethical implications and challenges linked to modern neuroscientific technology. There are times when it looks as if ethics discussions are more concerned with the hypothetical than with the factual. We conclude by providing recommendations for potential future studies and development areas, taking into account future advancements in neuroscience innovation for brain enhancement, analyzing historical patterns, considering neuroethics and looking at other related forecasts.
36211589	147	153	people	Species	*9606

36211939|t|Analysis of the mediating effects of self-efficacy and self-control between physical activity and Internet addiction among Chinese college students.
36211939|a|It explores the roles of self-efficacy and self-control in physical activity and Internet addiction. And it further provides a theoretical basis for the treatment and improvement of Internet addiction among college students. This study employs the whole group sampling method. The questionnaire was conducted on 855 college students from five universities in three provinces using the Physical Activity Level Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Self-Control Scale, and the Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (IAS). The analyses yielded three main findings. (1) A large amount of physical activity was helpful in reducing the symptoms of Internet addiction and the problematic status of each dimension among college students. (2) A large or moderate amount of physical activity was helpful in enhancing college students' self-efficacy. Besides, a large amount of physical activity was likely to enhance college students' self-control. (3) The condition of physical activity not only directly has the negative correlation with college students' Internet addiction but also influences college students' Internet addiction through two indirect ways: the mediating role of self-control and the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and self-control. These conclusions provide a deeper understanding of the protective factors of Internet addiction among Chinese college students.

36212289|t|Performance-guaranteed distributed control for multiple plant protection UAVs with collision avoidance and a directed topology.
36212289|a|The urgent requirement for improving the efficiency of agricultural plant protection operations has spurred considerable interest in multiple plant protection UAV systems. In this study, a performance-guaranteed distributed control scheme is developed in order to address the control of multiple plant protection UAV systems with collision avoidance and a directed topology. First, a novel concept called predetermined time performance function (PTPF) is proposed, such that the tracking error can converge to an arbitrary small preassigned region in finite time. Second, combined with the two-order filter for each UAV, the information estimation from the leader is generated. The distributed protocol avoids the use of an asymmetric Laplace matrix of a directed graph and solves the difficulty of control design. Furthermore, by introducing with a collision prediction mechanism, a repulsive force field is constructed between the dynamic obstacle and the UAV, in order to avoid the collision. Finally, it is rigorously proved that the consensus of the multiple plant protection UAV system can be achieved while guaranteeing the predetermined time performance. A numerical simulation is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the presented method, such that the multiple UAVs system can fulfill time-constrained plant protection tasks.

36212642|t|Outcome and risk factors of complications after cranioplasty with polyetheretherketone and titanium mesh: A single-center retrospective study.
36212642|a|Background: To compare the incidence of complications and constructive effects of cranioplasty with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium mesh after decompressive craniectomy, and to further explore potential risk factors of postoperative and post-discharge complications. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 211 patients who underwent PEEK or titanium mesh cranioplasty in the Department of Neurosurgery of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, between July 2017 and September 2021. Demographic data, imaging data, and postoperative complications were recorded and statistically analyzed. Long-term effects and satisfaction degree were evaluated based on following-up telephone survey. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze risk factors of postoperative and post-discharge complications of PEEK and titanium cranioplasty. Results: The total postoperative complication rates of the PEEK and titanium mesh groups were 38.7 and 51.4% (p = 0.063), and post-discharge complication rates were 34.7 and 36.0% (p = 0.703), respectively. The incidence of pneumocephalus during hospitalization (33.3% vs. 6.6%, p < 0.001) and epidural effusion in the titanium mesh group were significantly higher than that in the PEEK group (18.0 vs. 6.6%, p = 0.011). Patients in PEEK group were less likely to occur subcutaneous effusion after discharge than in TI group (2.0 vs. 10.5%, p = 0.013). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a history of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) before CP was an independent risk factor for postoperative overall complications (p = 0.023). Either superficial (p < 0.001) or intracranial infection (p = 0.001) was a risk factor for implant failure. Depressed skull defects (p = 0.024) and cranioplasty with titanium cranioplasty (p < 0.001) were associated with increased incidence of early pneumocephalus. Conclusion: There were no differences in overall postoperative and post-discharge complication rates between the titanium mesh and PEEK. A history of VPS before cranioplasty was an independent risk factor for postoperative overall complications, and infection was a risk factor for implant failure. Finally, depression skull defects and titanium mesh implants increased the incidence of postoperative pneumocephalus. Our results aim to promote a better understanding of PEEK and titanium cranioplasty and to help both clinicians and patients make better choices on implant materials.
36212642	471	479	patients	Species	*9606
36212642	1450	1458	Patients	Species	*9606
36212642	2572	2580	patients	Species	*9606

36212993|t|Successful outcome of distal radius non-union after open fracture osteomyelitis treated by external fixation and bone grafting in a cat: case report.
36212993|a|A clinical case of non-union in a cat after open fracture repair by intramedullary ostheosynthesis of the radius was described. The patient was presented with non-weight bearing lameness, fistulas with purulent discharge, swelling and severe pain. During the surgical revision, after bone sequestrum removal, the bone defect was filled with cancellous and cortical bone autografts. Osteosynthesis with a modified external bone fixator, made of Duracryl  Plus - a rapidly self-curing metacrylate polymer - and 6 Kirschner wires passing perpendicularly through both radial cortices was performed. The post-operative period was smooth, and after 23 weeks the external fixator was removed. Radiography showed very good bone healing, with excellent clinical result. The use of the ulna as a donor bone was very convenient because it allowed collecting a cortical graft of larger size. The extremely light model of external bone fixator provided adequate strength of fixation elements and proved to be an efficient and not expensive technique for osteosynthesis in cat with non-union fractures of the distal radius and ulna.
36212993	282	289	patient	Species	*9606

36213343|t|The Economic Value of Coastal Amenities: Evidence from Beach Capitalization Effects in Peer-to-Peer Markets.
36213343|a|Coastal amenities are public goods that represent an important attraction for tourism activities. This paper studies the capitalization effects of beach characteristics using hedonic pricing methods. We examine the implicit economic value of several beach characteristics like sand type, width, longitude, accessibility, or frontage in the Airbnb rental market. Using data for 16,663 Airbnb listings located in 67 municipalities of the Balearic Islands (Spain) during the summer of 2016, together with detailed information about the attributes of 263 beaches, our modelling approach considers interaction terms between the beach amenities and distance to the closest beach. Controlling for a set of listings' structural characteristics, host attributes and municipality fixed effects, we find that Airbnb guests attach economic value to beach length, the presence of vegetation, the type of coastal frontage and beach accessibility and exclusivity. However, there is no evidence of capitalization effects associated with beach width or the type of sand. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10640-022-00735-5.

36213694|t|Factors affecting worriedness: A study of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.
36213694|a|The global effect of COVID-19 is no longer simply a public health issue; it is causing an economic crisis that has a significant impact on the job market and people's lives. The disease has led to 43% of businesses temporarily closing, and almost all these closures are due to COVID-19. Organizations that have temporarily suspended their activities have pointed mainly to a decline in demand and employee health issues as the reasons for closure. In emergency and disaster management, perception often helps shape personality and how people act in certain situations. This study aims to examine personal risk perception of COVID-19 from many viewpoints and whether it affects motivation with regard to improving personal preparedness. We collected data from three major Japanese cities through a questionnaire survey and analyzed the results of the survey through factor analysis and multiple regression analysis by using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The three study areas include (1) the most damaged regions from the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami, (2) the capital city and surrounding areas of Tokyo, and (3) Kumamoto, which has recently experienced an earthquake. The findings show a correlation between the nature of the information received during COVID-19 and worriedness and the necessity for adequate information. The expected benefit of this study is to provide guidelines for the government or organizations to make a suitable emergency management plan based on pertinent factors for future pandemics.
36213694	232	238	people	Species	*9606
36213694	609	615	people	Species	*9606

36214044|t|Myopia - a 21st-century pandemic leaving our children shortsighted?
36214044|a|-no abstract-
36214044	45	53	children	Species	*9606

36214394|t|Ivermectin exposures reported to the Poisons Information Helpline in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic.
36214394|a|BACKGROUND: Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug that has shown in vitro activity against COVID-19. Clinical studies supporting ivermectin for COVID-19 prevention and treatment are conflicting, with important limitations. Public support for ivermectin is significant, with extensive off-label use despite the conflicting views on its efficacy. Ivermectin tablets and injectable formulations are not registered in South Africa for human use by the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority. The National Department of Health does not currently recommend the use of ivermectin for COVID-19. OBJECTIVES: To describe cases of ivermectin exposure reported to the Poisons Information Helpline of the Western Cape (PIHWC) before and after publication of the drug's in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: In a retrospective review, ivermectin-related calls reported to the PIHWC from 1 June 2015 to 30 June 2020 (period 1) were compared with calls received from 1 July 2020 to 31 July 2021 (period 2), dichotomised according to the first publication indicating ivermectin activity against SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: Seventy-one cases were screened, and 65 were included for analysis; 19 cases were reported during period 1 and 46 during period 2. During period 2, 25 ivermectin cases (54.3%) were related to COVID-19 use. Of these, 24 cases (52.2%) involved veterinary preparations, 3 (6.5%) human preparations and 19 (41.3%) unknown preparations. Fourteen cases (73.7%) during period 1 and 30 (65.2%) during period 2 were reported to be symptomatic. The most common organ systems involved were the central nervous (n=26 cases; 40.0%), gastrointestinal (n=18; 27.7%), ocular (n=9; 13.8%) and dermatological (n=5; 7.7%) systems. CONCLUSION: Ivermectin-related exposure calls increased during study period 2, probably as a result of ivermectin being used as preventive and definitive therapy for COVID-19 in the absence of robust evidence on efficacy, dosing recommendations or appropriate formulations.
36214394	541	546	human	Species	*9606
36214394	904	914	SARS-CoV-2	Species	*2697049
36214394	1209	1219	SARS-CoV-2	Species	*2697049
36214394	1506	1511	human	Species	*9606

36214744|t|Characteristics and management of teeth in the line of mandibular fractures treated with internal fixation.
36214744|a|BACKGROUND/AIMS: The ideal management of teeth in the line of mandibular fractures is unclear and controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics and management of teeth in the line of mandibular fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical records of patients with mandibular fractures in the symphysis, body and angle regions seen between July 2019 and January 2021 were evaluated. Personal data, etiology, location of fractures, characteristics of the teeth involved in the fracture lines and management were collected. The relationship between the fracture lines and the periodontium was classified according to Kamboozia & Punnia-Moorthy. Fractures were divided into two groups according to the management of the tooth in the fracture line: removal and retention. The likelihood ratio test was used (p < .050). RESULTS: During the study period, 52 patients with mandibular fractures were seen, of which 42 patients (83.3% men) with a mean age of 29.6 years and 54 fractures were included. The most frequent location was the angle of the mandible (41.3%) (p < .001). The removal group represented 35.2% of the fractures, and the retention group represented 64.8%. The most frequently removed tooth was the third molar (p < .001), and the most frequent classification of dental involvement in the fracture line was type II (p = .047). There was no correlation between age, gender, or etiology and the management of the teeth involved. CONCLUSION: The retention of teeth in the fracture line predominated, and the third molar in angle fractures was the most often removed tooth when the fracture line followed the root surface but did not cross the apical region, probably due to the greater frequency of this type of relationship between the fractures and the periodontium.
36214744	430	438	patients	Species	*9606
36214744	1031	1039	patients	Species	*9606
36214744	1089	1097	patients	Species	*9606
36214744	1105	1108	men	Species	*9606

36215094|t|Capacitive Removal of Pb ions via Electrosorption on Novel Willow Biochar - Manganese Dioxide Composites.
36215094|a|AbstractBiochar derived from lignocellulosic biomass has been used as a low-cost adsorbent in wastewater treatment applications. Due to its rich porous structure and good electrical conductivity, biochar can be used as a cost-effective electrode material for capacitive deionization of water. In this work, willow biochar was prepared through carbonization of shrub willow chips, activated with potassium hydroxide, and loaded with manganese dioxide (WBC-K-MnO2 nanocomposite). The prepared materials were used to electrochemically adsorb Pb2+ from aqueous solutions. Under the applied potential of 1.0 V, the WBC-K-MnO2 electrode exhibited a high Pb2+ specific electrosorption capacity (23.3 mg/g) as compared to raw willow biochar (4.0 mg/g) and activated willow biochar (9.2 mg/g). KOH activation followed by MnO2 loading on the surface of raw biochar enhanced its BET surface area (178.7 m2/g) and mesoporous volume ratio (42.1%). Moreover, the WBC-K-MnO2 nanocomposite exhibited the highest specific capacitance value of 234.3 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. The electrosorption isotherms and kinetic data were well explained by the Freundlich and pseudo-second order models, respectively. The WBC-K-MnO2 electrode demonstrated excellent reusability with a Pb2+ electrosorption efficiency of 76.3% after 15 cycles. Thus, the WBC-K-MnO2 nanocomposite can serve as a promising candidate for capacitive deionization of heavy metal contaminated water.