--- base_model: microsoft/mpnet-base datasets: - sentence-transformers/natural-questions language: - en library_name: sentence-transformers license: apache-2.0 metrics: - cosine_accuracy@1 - cosine_accuracy@3 - cosine_accuracy@5 - cosine_accuracy@10 - cosine_precision@1 - cosine_precision@3 - cosine_precision@5 - cosine_precision@10 - cosine_recall@1 - cosine_recall@3 - cosine_recall@5 - cosine_recall@10 - cosine_ndcg@10 - cosine_mrr@10 - cosine_map@100 - dot_accuracy@1 - dot_accuracy@3 - dot_accuracy@5 - dot_accuracy@10 - dot_precision@1 - dot_precision@3 - dot_precision@5 - dot_precision@10 - dot_recall@1 - dot_recall@3 - dot_recall@5 - dot_recall@10 - dot_ndcg@10 - dot_mrr@10 - dot_map@100 pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity tags: - sentence-transformers - sentence-similarity - feature-extraction - generated_from_trainer - dataset_size:100231 - loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss widget: - source_sentence: when did the british leave new york city sentences: - Golden State Warriors The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in Oakland, California. The Warriors compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Warriors play their home games at the Oracle Arena in Oakland. The Warriors have reached nine NBA Finals, winning five NBA championships in 1947,[b] 1956, 1975, 2015 and 2017. Golden State's five NBA championships are tied for fourth-most in NBA history with the San Antonio Spurs, and behind only the Boston Celtics (17), Los Angeles Lakers (16) and Chicago Bulls (6). As of 2017, the Warriors are the third most valuable NBA franchise according to Forbes, with an estimated value of $2.6 billion.[6] - Evacuation Day (New York) Evacuation Day on November 25 marks the day in 1783 when British troops departed from New York City on Manhattan Island, after the end of the American Revolutionary War. After this British Army evacuation, General George Washington triumphantly led the Continental Army from his former headquarters, north of the city, across the Harlem River south down Manhattan through the town to The Battery at the foot of Broadway.[1] - Biochemical oxygen demand BOD can be used as a gauge of the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants. It is listed as a conventional pollutant in the U.S. Clean Water Act.[2] - source_sentence: what is the newest generation of the ipad sentences: - Alex Karev Alex is fired by Dr. Lebackes when Maggie Pierce accidentally reveals to him that Karev was thinking about leaving the job. Webber recommended Bailey to fill Yang's board seat after she left, so Bailey and Alex fight over the chair. They both make presentations to the board and eventually Bailey wins, with a unanimous vote in her favor. He is hired back as an attending Peds surgeon and takes over full-time as Arizona pursues a fellowship with Dr. Herman. Alex continues to date Jo and his friendship with Meredith grows stronger than ever, with him taking on the role of her new person. When Derek dies and Meredith runs away, Alex is upset by her leaving without telling him where she went and calls her everyday. Eventually she calls him, tells him she is okay, and to stop calling. When she goes into labor and gives birth to Ellis Shepherd, Alex goes to see her since he is her emergency contact. He brings Meredith and her kids back to her house. She asks to move back in with him in her old house. Alex sells Meredith back the house and he and Jo rent a loft. - List of presidents of the United States by age The median age upon accession to the presidency is 55 years and 3 months. This is how old Lyndon B. Johnson was at the time of his inauguration. The youngest person to assume the office was Theodore Roosevelt, who became president at the age of 42 years, 322 days, following William McKinley's assassination; the oldest was Donald Trump, who was 70 years, 220 days old at his inauguration. The youngest person to be elected president was John F. Kennedy, at 43 years, 163 days of age on election day; the oldest was Ronald Reagan, who was 73 years, 274 days old at the time of his election to a second term. - iPad (2018) The iPad (officially sixth-generation iPad) is a 9.7-inch (25cm) tablet computer designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. It was announced on March 27, 2018 during an education-focused event in Chicago and it is a revision of the 2017 model, upgraded with the Apple A10 Fusion SoC and support for styluses such as Apple Pencil.[2] The iPad is marketed towards educators and schools. - source_sentence: what is the average speed of passenger airplane sentences: - Fixed exchange-rate system In the 21st century, the currencies associated with large economies typically do not fix or peg exchange rates to other currencies. The last large economy to use a fixed exchange rate system was the People's Republic of China which, in July 2005, adopted a slightly more flexible exchange rate system called a managed exchange rate.[2] The European Exchange Rate Mechanism is also used on a temporary basis to establish a final conversion rate against the Euro (€) from the local currencies of countries joining the Eurozone. - Tenth Doctor The Tenth Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who, who is played by David Tennant in three series as well as nine specials. As with previous incarnations of the Doctor, the character has also appeared in other Doctor Who spin-offs. In the programme's narrative, the Doctor is a centuries-old Time Lord alien from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time in his TARDIS, frequently with companions. When the Doctor is critically injured beyond medical repair, he can regenerate his body; in doing so, his physical appearance and personality change, and a new actor assumes the role. Tennant's portrayal of the Doctor is of an outwardly charismatic and charming adventurer whose likable and easygoing attitude can quickly turn to righteous fury when provoked. - Cruise (aeronautics) The typical cruising airspeed for a long-distance commercial passenger aircraft is approximately 475–500 knots (878–926 km/h; 546–575 mph). - source_sentence: when is cars three going to be released sentences: - Benedict's reagent The color of the obtained precipitate gives an idea about the quantity of sugar present in the solution, hence the test is semi-quantitative. A greenish precipitate indicates about 0.5 g% concentration; yellow precipitate indicates 1 g% concentration; orange indicates 1.5 g% and red indicates 2 g% or higher concentration. - Cars 3 The film was released on June 16, 2017, has grossed over $362 million worldwide and received generally positive reviews, with many critics considering it an improvement over its predecessor, as well as praising its emotional story and animation.[7] - Sleeping Beauty At the christening of a king and queen's long-wished-for child, seven good fairies are invited to be godmothers to the infant princess. The fairies attend the banquet at the palace. Each fairy is presented with a golden plate and drinking cups adorned with jewels. Soon after, an old fairy enters the palace and is seated with a plate of fine china and a crystal drinking glass. This old fairy is overlooked because she has been within a tower for many years and everyone had believed her to be deceased. Six of the other seven fairies then offer their gifts of beauty, wit, grace, dance, song, and goodness to the infant princess. The evil fairy is very angry about having been forgotten, and as her gift, enchants the infant princess so that she will one day prick her finger on a spindle of a spinning wheel and die. The seventh fairy, who hasn't yet given her gift, attempts to reverse the evil fairy's curse. However, she can only do so partially. Instead of dying, the Princess will fall into a deep sleep for 100 years and be awakened by a kiss from a king's son. - source_sentence: who was ancient china's main enemy that lived to the north sentences: - Betty Lynn Elizabeth Ann Theresa "Betty" Lynn[1] (born August 29, 1926) is a former American actress. She is best known for her role as Thelma Lou, Deputy Barney Fife's girlfriend, on The Andy Griffith Show. - Sampath Bank Sampath Bank PLC is a licensed commercial bank incorporated in Sri Lanka in 1986 with 229 branches and 373 ATMs island wide. It has won the "Bank of the Year" award by "The Banker" of Financial Times Limited – London, for the second consecutive year and the "National Business Excellence Awards 2010".[citation needed] It has become the third largest private sector bank in Sri Lanka with Rs. 453 billion in deposits as of 30 June 2016.[1] - 'Sui dynasty The Sui Dynasty (Chinese: 隋朝; pinyin: Suí cháo) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China of pivotal significance. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties and reinstalled the rule of ethnic Han Chinese in the entirety of China proper, along with sinicization of former nomadic ethnic minorities (the Five Barbarians) within its territory. It was succeeded by the Tang dynasty, which largely inherited its foundation.' co2_eq_emissions: emissions: 176.27316538970194 energy_consumed: 0.45349178905614573 source: codecarbon training_type: fine-tuning on_cloud: false cpu_model: 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13700K ram_total_size: 31.777088165283203 hours_used: 1.208 hardware_used: 1 x NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 model-index: - name: MPNet base trained on Natural Questions pairs results: - task: type: information-retrieval name: Information Retrieval dataset: name: natural questions dev type: natural-questions-dev metrics: - type: cosine_accuracy@1 value: 0.5898739126185124 name: Cosine Accuracy@1 - type: cosine_accuracy@3 value: 0.8181018473267521 name: Cosine Accuracy@3 - type: cosine_accuracy@5 value: 0.8875965203792395 name: Cosine Accuracy@5 - type: cosine_accuracy@10 value: 0.9434072915648519 name: Cosine Accuracy@10 - type: cosine_precision@1 value: 0.5898739126185124 name: Cosine Precision@1 - type: cosine_precision@3 value: 0.272700615775584 name: Cosine Precision@3 - type: cosine_precision@5 value: 0.17751930407584793 name: Cosine Precision@5 - type: cosine_precision@10 value: 0.0943407291564852 name: Cosine Precision@10 - type: cosine_recall@1 value: 0.5898739126185124 name: Cosine Recall@1 - type: cosine_recall@3 value: 0.8181018473267521 name: Cosine Recall@3 - type: cosine_recall@5 value: 0.8875965203792395 name: Cosine Recall@5 - type: cosine_recall@10 value: 0.9434072915648519 name: Cosine Recall@10 - type: cosine_ndcg@10 value: 0.7718587241150588 name: Cosine Ndcg@10 - type: cosine_mrr@10 value: 0.7161706640105541 name: Cosine Mrr@10 - type: cosine_map@100 value: 0.7187822446150476 name: Cosine Map@100 - type: dot_accuracy@1 value: 0.5610399765418825 name: Dot Accuracy@1 - type: dot_accuracy@3 value: 0.7970872837454794 name: Dot Accuracy@3 - type: dot_accuracy@5 value: 0.866386472485583 name: Dot Accuracy@5 - type: dot_accuracy@10 value: 0.9327533965399277 name: Dot Accuracy@10 - type: dot_precision@1 value: 0.5610399765418825 name: Dot Precision@1 - type: dot_precision@3 value: 0.2656957612484931 name: Dot Precision@3 - type: dot_precision@5 value: 0.17327729449711662 name: Dot Precision@5 - type: dot_precision@10 value: 0.09327533965399278 name: Dot Precision@10 - type: dot_recall@1 value: 0.5610399765418825 name: Dot Recall@1 - type: dot_recall@3 value: 0.7970872837454794 name: Dot Recall@3 - type: dot_recall@5 value: 0.866386472485583 name: Dot Recall@5 - type: dot_recall@10 value: 0.9327533965399277 name: Dot Recall@10 - type: dot_ndcg@10 value: 0.7508293948042275 name: Dot Ndcg@10 - type: dot_mrr@10 value: 0.6920021317098743 name: Dot Mrr@10 - type: dot_map@100 value: 0.6951493585515177 name: Dot Map@100 --- # MPNet base trained on Natural Questions pairs This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [microsoft/mpnet-base](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/mpnet-base) on the [natural-questions](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/natural-questions) dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more. ## Model Details ### Model Description - **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer - **Base model:** [microsoft/mpnet-base](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/mpnet-base) - **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens - **Output Dimensionality:** 768 tokens - **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity - **Training Dataset:** - [natural-questions](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/natural-questions) - **Language:** en - **License:** apache-2.0 ### Model Sources - **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net) - **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers) - **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers) ### Full Model Architecture ``` SentenceTransformer( (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: MPNetModel (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True}) ) ``` ## Usage ### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers) First install the Sentence Transformers library: ```bash pip install -U sentence-transformers ``` Then you can load this model and run inference. ```python from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer # Download from the 🤗 Hub model = SentenceTransformer("tomaarsen/mpnet-base-natural-questions-mnrl") # Run inference sentences = [ "who was ancient china's main enemy that lived to the north", 'Sui dynasty The Sui Dynasty (Chinese: 隋朝; pinyin: Suí cháo) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China of pivotal significance. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties and reinstalled the rule of ethnic Han Chinese in the entirety of China proper, along with sinicization of former nomadic ethnic minorities (the Five Barbarians) within its territory. It was succeeded by the Tang dynasty, which largely inherited its foundation.', 'Sampath Bank Sampath Bank PLC is a licensed commercial bank incorporated in Sri Lanka in 1986 with 229 branches and 373 ATMs island wide. It has won the "Bank of the Year" award by "The Banker" of Financial Times Limited – London, for the second consecutive year and the "National Business Excellence Awards 2010".[citation needed] It has become the third largest private sector bank in Sri Lanka with Rs. 453 billion in deposits as of 30 June 2016.[1]', ] embeddings = model.encode(sentences) print(embeddings.shape) # [3, 768] # Get the similarity scores for the embeddings similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings) print(similarities.shape) # [3, 3] ``` ## Evaluation ### Metrics #### Information Retrieval * Dataset: `natural-questions-dev` * Evaluated with [InformationRetrievalEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator) | Metric | Value | |:--------------------|:-----------| | cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.5899 | | cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.8181 | | cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.8876 | | cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.9434 | | cosine_precision@1 | 0.5899 | | cosine_precision@3 | 0.2727 | | cosine_precision@5 | 0.1775 | | cosine_precision@10 | 0.0943 | | cosine_recall@1 | 0.5899 | | cosine_recall@3 | 0.8181 | | cosine_recall@5 | 0.8876 | | cosine_recall@10 | 0.9434 | | cosine_ndcg@10 | 0.7719 | | cosine_mrr@10 | 0.7162 | | **cosine_map@100** | **0.7188** | | dot_accuracy@1 | 0.561 | | dot_accuracy@3 | 0.7971 | | dot_accuracy@5 | 0.8664 | | dot_accuracy@10 | 0.9328 | | dot_precision@1 | 0.561 | | dot_precision@3 | 0.2657 | | dot_precision@5 | 0.1733 | | dot_precision@10 | 0.0933 | | dot_recall@1 | 0.561 | | dot_recall@3 | 0.7971 | | dot_recall@5 | 0.8664 | | dot_recall@10 | 0.9328 | | dot_ndcg@10 | 0.7508 | | dot_mrr@10 | 0.692 | | dot_map@100 | 0.6951 | ## Training Details ### Training Dataset #### natural-questions * Dataset: [natural-questions](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/natural-questions) at [f9e894e](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/natural-questions/tree/f9e894e1081e206e577b4eaa9ee6de2b06ae6f17) * Size: 100,231 training samples * Columns: query and answer * Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: | | query | answer | |:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | type | string | string | | details | | | * Samples: | query | answer | |:----------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | when did richmond last play in a preliminary final | Richmond Football Club Richmond began 2017 with 5 straight wins, a feat it had not achieved since 1995. A series of close losses hampered the Tigers throughout the middle of the season, including a 5-point loss to the Western Bulldogs, 2-point loss to Fremantle, and a 3-point loss to the Giants. Richmond ended the season strongly with convincing victories over Fremantle and St Kilda in the final two rounds, elevating the club to 3rd on the ladder. Richmond's first final of the season against the Cats at the MCG attracted a record qualifying final crowd of 95,028; the Tigers won by 51 points. Having advanced to the first preliminary finals for the first time since 2001, Richmond defeated Greater Western Sydney by 36 points in front of a crowd of 94,258 to progress to the Grand Final against Adelaide, their first Grand Final appearance since 1982. The attendance was 100,021, the largest crowd to a grand final since 1986. The Crows led at quarter time and led by as many as 13, but the Tigers took over the game as it progressed and scored seven straight goals at one point. They eventually would win by 48 points – 16.12 (108) to Adelaide's 8.12 (60) – to end their 37-year flag drought.[22] Dustin Martin also became the first player to win a Premiership medal, the Brownlow Medal and the Norm Smith Medal in the same season, while Damien Hardwick was named AFL Coaches Association Coach of the Year. Richmond's jump from 13th to premiers also marked the biggest jump from one AFL season to the next. | | who sang what in the world's come over you | Jack Scott (singer) At the beginning of 1960, Scott again changed record labels, this time to Top Rank Records.[1] He then recorded four Billboard Hot 100 hits – "What in the World's Come Over You" (#5), "Burning Bridges" (#3) b/w "Oh Little One" (#34), and "It Only Happened Yesterday" (#38).[1] "What in the World's Come Over You" was Scott's second gold disc winner.[6] Scott continued to record and perform during the 1960s and 1970s.[1] His song "You're Just Gettin' Better" reached the country charts in 1974.[1] In May 1977, Scott recorded a Peel session for BBC Radio 1 disc jockey, John Peel. | | who produces the most wool in the world | Wool Global wool production is about 2 million tonnes per year, of which 60% goes into apparel. Wool comprises ca 3% of the global textile market, but its value is higher owing to dying and other modifications of the material.[1] Australia is a leading producer of wool which is mostly from Merino sheep but has been eclipsed by China in terms of total weight.[30] New Zealand (2016) is the third-largest producer of wool, and the largest producer of crossbred wool. Breeds such as Lincoln, Romney, Drysdale, and Elliotdale produce coarser fibers, and wool from these sheep is usually used for making carpets. | * Loss: [MultipleNegativesRankingLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters: ```json { "scale": 20.0, "similarity_fct": "cos_sim" } ``` ### Evaluation Dataset #### natural-questions * Dataset: [natural-questions](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/natural-questions) at [f9e894e](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sentence-transformers/natural-questions/tree/f9e894e1081e206e577b4eaa9ee6de2b06ae6f17) * Size: 100,231 evaluation samples * Columns: query and answer * Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: | | query | answer | |:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | type | string | string | | details | | | * Samples: | query | answer | |:--------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | who betrayed siraj ud daula in the battle of plassey in 1757 | Siraj ud-Daulah The Battle of Plassey (or Palashi) is widely considered the turning point in the history of the subcontinent, and opened the way to eventual British domination. After Siraj-ud-Daulah's conquest of Calcutta, the British sent fresh troops from Madras to recapture the fort and avenge the attack. A retreating Siraj-ud-Daulah met the British at Plassey. He had to make camp 27 miles away from Murshidabad. On 23 June 1757 Siraj-ud-Daulah called on Mir Jafar because he was saddened by the sudden fall of Mir Mardan who was a very dear companion of Siraj in battles. The Nawab asked for help from Mir Jafar. Mir Jafar advised Siraj to retreat for that day. The Nawab made the blunder in giving the order to stop the fight. Following his command, the soldiers of the Nawab were returning to their camps. At that time, Robert Clive attacked the soldiers with his army. At such a sudden attack, the army of Siraj became indisciplined and could think of no way to fight. So all fled away in such a situation. Betrayed by a conspiracy plotted by Jagat Seth, Mir Jafar, Krishna Chandra, Omichund etc., he lost the battle and had to escape. He went first to Murshidabad and then to Patna by boat, but was eventually arrested by Mir Jafar's soldiers. | | what is the meaning of single malt whisky | Single malt whisky Single malt whisky is malt whisky from a single distillery, that is, whisky distilled from fermented mash made exclusively with malted grain (usually barley), as distinguished from unmalted grain. | | when is despicable me 3 going to release | Despicable Me 3 Despicable Me 3 premiered on June 14, 2017, at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival, and was released in the United States on June 30, 2017, by Universal Pictures in 3D, RealD 3D, Dolby Cinema, and IMAX 3D. The film received mixed reviews from critics[7] and has grossed over $1 billion worldwide, making it the third highest-grossing film of 2017, the fifth highest-grossing animated film of all time and the 28th highest-grossing overall. It is Illumination's second film to gross over $1 billion, after Minions in 2015, becoming the first ever animated franchise to do so. | * Loss: [MultipleNegativesRankingLoss](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters: ```json { "scale": 20.0, "similarity_fct": "cos_sim" } ``` ### Training Hyperparameters #### Non-Default Hyperparameters - `eval_strategy`: steps - `per_device_train_batch_size`: 32 - `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 32 - `learning_rate`: 2e-05 - `num_train_epochs`: 1 - `warmup_ratio`: 0.1 - `bf16`: True - `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates #### All Hyperparameters
Click to expand - `overwrite_output_dir`: False - `do_predict`: False - `eval_strategy`: steps - `prediction_loss_only`: True - `per_device_train_batch_size`: 32 - `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 32 - `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None - `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None - `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1 - `eval_accumulation_steps`: None - `learning_rate`: 2e-05 - `weight_decay`: 0.0 - `adam_beta1`: 0.9 - `adam_beta2`: 0.999 - `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08 - `max_grad_norm`: 1.0 - `num_train_epochs`: 1 - `max_steps`: -1 - `lr_scheduler_type`: linear - `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {} - `warmup_ratio`: 0.1 - `warmup_steps`: 0 - `log_level`: passive - `log_level_replica`: warning - `log_on_each_node`: True - `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True - `save_safetensors`: True - `save_on_each_node`: False - `save_only_model`: False - `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False - `no_cuda`: False - `use_cpu`: False - `use_mps_device`: False - `seed`: 42 - `data_seed`: None - `jit_mode_eval`: False - `use_ipex`: False - `bf16`: True - `fp16`: False - `fp16_opt_level`: O1 - `half_precision_backend`: auto - `bf16_full_eval`: False - `fp16_full_eval`: False - `tf32`: None - `local_rank`: 0 - `ddp_backend`: None - `tpu_num_cores`: None - `tpu_metrics_debug`: False - `debug`: [] - `dataloader_drop_last`: False - `dataloader_num_workers`: 0 - `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None - `past_index`: -1 - `disable_tqdm`: False - `remove_unused_columns`: True - `label_names`: None - `load_best_model_at_end`: False - `ignore_data_skip`: False - `fsdp`: [] - `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0 - `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False} - `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None - `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None} - `deepspeed`: None - `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0 - `optim`: adamw_torch - `optim_args`: None - `adafactor`: False - `group_by_length`: False - `length_column_name`: length - `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None - `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None - `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False - `dataloader_pin_memory`: True - `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False - `skip_memory_metrics`: True - `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False - `push_to_hub`: False - `resume_from_checkpoint`: None - `hub_model_id`: None - `hub_strategy`: every_save - `hub_private_repo`: False - `hub_always_push`: False - `gradient_checkpointing`: False - `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None - `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False - `eval_do_concat_batches`: True - `fp16_backend`: auto - `push_to_hub_model_id`: None - `push_to_hub_organization`: None - `mp_parameters`: - `auto_find_batch_size`: False - `full_determinism`: False - `torchdynamo`: None - `ray_scope`: last - `ddp_timeout`: 1800 - `torch_compile`: False - `torch_compile_backend`: None - `torch_compile_mode`: None - `dispatch_batches`: None - `split_batches`: None - `include_tokens_per_second`: False - `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False - `neftune_noise_alpha`: None - `optim_target_modules`: None - `batch_eval_metrics`: False - `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates - `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
### Training Logs | Epoch | Step | Training Loss | loss | natural-questions-dev_cosine_map@100 | |:------:|:----:|:-------------:|:------:|:------------------------------------:| | 0 | 0 | - | - | 0.1228 | | 0.0004 | 1 | 3.0833 | - | - | | 0.0355 | 100 | 1.3516 | 0.1545 | 0.5151 | | 0.0711 | 200 | 0.1189 | 0.0607 | 0.6299 | | 0.1066 | 300 | 0.0641 | 0.0450 | 0.6535 | | 0.1422 | 400 | 0.0529 | 0.0436 | 0.6532 | | 0.1777 | 500 | 0.0601 | 0.0349 | 0.6716 | | 0.2133 | 600 | 0.0453 | 0.0308 | 0.6771 | | 0.2488 | 700 | 0.0478 | 0.0298 | 0.6769 | | 0.2844 | 800 | 0.0404 | 0.0309 | 0.6834 | | 0.3199 | 900 | 0.0377 | 0.0275 | 0.6855 | | 0.3555 | 1000 | 0.0391 | 0.0248 | 0.6929 | | 0.3910 | 1100 | 0.026 | 0.0265 | 0.6919 | | 0.4266 | 1200 | 0.0343 | 0.0247 | 0.6985 | | 0.4621 | 1300 | 0.0359 | 0.0245 | 0.6951 | | 0.4977 | 1400 | 0.0283 | 0.0213 | 0.6993 | | 0.5332 | 1500 | 0.027 | 0.0207 | 0.7072 | | 0.5688 | 1600 | 0.0313 | 0.0223 | 0.6980 | | 0.6043 | 1700 | 0.0373 | 0.0203 | 0.7042 | | 0.6399 | 1800 | 0.0245 | 0.0199 | 0.7049 | | 0.6754 | 1900 | 0.0294 | 0.0186 | 0.7143 | | 0.7110 | 2000 | 0.0185 | 0.0185 | 0.7116 | | 0.7465 | 2100 | 0.0247 | 0.0181 | 0.7118 | | 0.7821 | 2200 | 0.0221 | 0.0183 | 0.7142 | | 0.8176 | 2300 | 0.0178 | 0.0182 | 0.7141 | | 0.8532 | 2400 | 0.0235 | 0.0170 | 0.7172 | | 0.8887 | 2500 | 0.0279 | 0.0168 | 0.7190 | | 0.9243 | 2600 | 0.0278 | 0.0167 | 0.7188 | | 0.9598 | 2700 | 0.022 | 0.0166 | 0.7179 | | 0.9954 | 2800 | 0.0191 | 0.0166 | 0.7173 | | 1.0 | 2813 | - | - | 0.7188 | ### Environmental Impact Carbon emissions were measured using [CodeCarbon](https://github.com/mlco2/codecarbon). - **Energy Consumed**: 0.453 kWh - **Carbon Emitted**: 0.176 kg of CO2 - **Hours Used**: 1.208 hours ### Training Hardware - **On Cloud**: No - **GPU Model**: 1 x NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 - **CPU Model**: 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13700K - **RAM Size**: 31.78 GB ### Framework Versions - Python: 3.11.6 - Sentence Transformers: 3.1.0.dev0 - Transformers: 4.41.2 - PyTorch: 2.3.1+cu121 - Accelerate: 0.31.0 - Datasets: 2.20.0 - Tokenizers: 0.19.1 ## Citation ### BibTeX #### Sentence Transformers ```bibtex @inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert, title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks", author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna", booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", month = "11", year = "2019", publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084", } ``` #### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss ```bibtex @misc{henderson2017efficient, title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply}, author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil}, year={2017}, eprint={1705.00652}, archivePrefix={arXiv}, primaryClass={cs.CL} } ```