File size: 217,109 Bytes
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Saint Bernadette Soubirous
Basilica of the Sacred Heart
Main Building
a Marian place of prayer and reflection
statue of the Virgin Mary
September 1876
twice a year
The Observer
nine
1987
Rome
Moreau Seminary
Old College
Retired priests and brothers
Buechner Prize for Preaching
eight
1920
College of Science
five departments
the 1870s
Learning Center
five
First Year of Studies program
U.S. News & World Report
1924
Master of Divinity
Alliance for Catholic Education
1854–1855
Department of Pre-Professional Studies
B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies
President Emeritus
1986
Ray Kroc
McDonald's
14
Theodore M. Hesburgh Library
1963
Millard Sheets
Word of Life
3,577
39.1%
top 10 to 15
39.1%
750
18th
8th
1st overall
USA Today
57.6%
Father Joseph Carrier
23
Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department
Evolution and Dogma
Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics
1882
Professor Jerome Green
1899
Father Nieuwland
wind tunnel
Lobund
1940s
1950
1958
1928
The Review of Politics
German Catholic journals
44
Matthew Fitzsimons
John Jenkins
Kroc Institute for International Peace studies
International Peace studies
2013
climate change
8,448
21–24%
700
Holy Cross Missions in Bangladesh
12,179
About 80%
four
15
20%
14
Congregatio a Sancta Cruce
93%
over 100 times
Fifty-seven
over 80%
Washington Hall
1879
Rev. William Corby
17th of May
LaFortune Student Center
elective system
College of Commerce
Father James Burns
three
Harvard Law School
Knute Rockne
105 wins, 12 losses, and five ties
1925
13
three
Protestant
Ku Klux Klan
Matthew Walsh
Klavern
South Bend
John Francis O'Hara
Holy Cross Father John Francis O'Hara
Laetare Medal
1883
God
more than half
Lobund Institute for Animal Studies
Hall of Liberal Arts
Rev. John J. Cavanaugh
Lobund Institute for Animal Studies
1952–87
18 from $9.7 million to $176.6 million
$350 million
1952–87
9,600
coeducational
Rev
Vice President of Student Affairs
1971
Saint Mary's College
1987–2005
1240 to 1360
$350 million
$70 million
500
July 1, 2005
17th
Malloy
Compton Family Ice Arena
$400m
Congregation
Basilica of the Sacred Heart
French Revival
Luigi Gregori
1896
Fr. Zahm
1950
Joseph LaFortune
83,000 square feet
$1.2 million
29
Theodore Hesburgh Library
almost 4 million
Duncan Hall
Frank Eck Stadium
2008
40%
Sustainable Endowments Institute
Liberation Theology
1968
1 Suffolk Street in Trafalgar Square
Global Gateways
1998
College of Arts and Letters
1842
1849
Saint Louis University
33
Father Patrick Dillon
1865
six years
Jordan Hall of Science
1,200
The School of Architecture
Bond Hall
five-year
Rome
Driehaus Architecture Prize
2015
Stanford Hall
over three million
one of the 100 largest
The rise of Hitler and other dictators
Germany
classics and law
Max Scheler
a renowned sculptor
The University of Notre Lac
Catholic research university
Lady of the Lake
Virgin Mary
1,250 acres
national prominence
Knute
NCAA Division I
seven
62 members
top twenty
four
Driehaus Architecture Prize
50
Snite Museum of Art
1842
the Bishop of Vincennes
Congregation of the Holy Cross
November 26, 1842
Old College
1849
1865
Father Lemonnier
1873
1873
NDtv
one show
WSND-FM
WVFI
$215 million
June 3, 2008
Kite Realty
the City of South Bend
the City of South Bend
National Collegiate Athletic Association
Horizon League
Midwest Fencing Conference
Hockey East
Big East Conference
Hockey East
five
Big East
Navy Blue and Gold Rush
Leprechaun
University of Notre Dame
$100 million
1846
the oldest university band in continuous existence
Victory March
Michigan Wolverines
1887
Ohio State University
USC
the most members in the College Football Hall of Fame
George Gipp
Gipp
Pat O'Brien
Gipp
80,795
two-story banner
Drummers' Circle
Bond Hall
Notre Dame Victory March and the Notre Dame Alma Mater
Saturday
1,600
12
28
Austin Carr
Mike Brey
John F. Shea
1904
Rev. Michael J. Shea
1928
to victory
The Gipper
Knute Rockne
Sean Astin
George Zipp
"Win one for the Gipper"
Condoleezza Rice
Eric F. Wieschaus
Rev. John Jenkins
gold medalist
Jim Wetherbee
late 1990s
singing and dancing
in the late 1990s
Houston, Texas
1990s
Destiny's Child
Dangerously in Love (2003)
Mathew Knowles
Houston, Texas
Dangerously in Love (2003)
September 4, 1981
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter
late 1990s
lead singer
Dangerously in Love (2003)
2003
five
lead singer
Dangerously in Love (2003)
Dangerously in Love (2003)
acting
Jay Z
six
Dreamgirls
2010
Beyoncé
Cadillac Records
June 2005
B'Day (2006)
Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls
rapper Jay Z
Sasha Fierce
love, relationships, and monogamy
influential
Forbes
2000s
Forbes
modern-day feminist
2013 and 2014
118 million
60 million
118 million
20
Forbes
Destiny's Child
Houston, Texas
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles
Methodist
Mathew Knowles
hairdresser and salon
Solange
Joseph Broussard
Xerox
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles
Solange
Joseph Broussard
Methodist
Fredericksburg
Darlette Johnson
St. Mary's Elementary School
Darlette Johnson
St. John's United Methodist Church
music magnet school
John Lennon's "Imagine"
Fredericksburg
Darlette Johnson
seven
St. John's United Methodist Church
Arne questionr
Beyoncé's father
Elektra Records
Arne questionr
1995
Columbia
Elektra Records
eight
eight
Girl's Tyme
R&B producer Arne questionr
1995
Dwayns's Grass Roots Entertainment
Men in Black
"Say My Name"
Marc Nelson
1996
Isaiah
Men in Black
"Say My Name"
Marc Nelson
Book of Isaiah
Men in Black
"No, No, No"
1999
Marc Nelson
depression
depression
her mother
the split with Luckett and Roberson
a couple of years
Beyoncé
Farrah Franklin and Michelle Williams
Beyoncé
Beyoncé
Beyoncé
"Independent Women Part I"
eleven consecutive weeks
MTV
663,000 copies
Georges Bizet
Survivor
Charlie's Angels
Carmen: A Hip Hopera
Survivor
Luckett and Roberson
2001
Beyoncé
UK, Norway, and Belgium
The Fighting Temptations
Beyoncé
"Summertime"
Austin Powers in Goldmember
$73 million
The Fighting Temptations
Work It Out
mixed
Austin Powers in Goldmember
Lilly
Work It Out
The Fighting Temptations
Work It Out
first solo album Dangerously in Love
Dangerously in Love
11 million
"Crazy in Love"
"Me, Myself and I" and "Naughty Girl"
Jay Z
Dangerously in Love
four
Luther Vandross
Jay Z
June 24, 2003
"Crazy in Love"
Luther Vandross
five
Destiny Fulfilled
2006
2003
Destiny Fulfilled
Barcelona
March 2006
Dangerously in Love Tour
Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys
Super Bowl XXXVIII
Destiny Fulfilled
541,000 copies
"Déjà Vu"
Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States
three
twenty-fifth
Jay Z
top five
B'Day
541,000
Jay Z
Green Light" (released in the United Kingdom only).
The Pink Panther
Dreamgirls
Beyoncé
April 2007
over $24 million
$158.8 million
The Beyoncé Experience
Shakira
The Pink Panther
Diana Ross
"Listen"
The Beyoncé Experience
Shakira
Jay Z
November 18, 2008
2000s
Beyoncé
$9.5 million
a video montage at the listening party
March 2009
Beyoncé
$119.5 million
April 4, 2008
Jay Z
Sasha Fierce
"Crazy in Love"
Beyoncé
Etta James
Phoenix House
James' "At Last"
thriller
MTV Movie Award for Best Fight
Phoenix House
Obses
Sharon Charles
$60 million
Etta James
Phoenix House
First Couple
Obses
ten
Lauryn Hill
Lady Gaga
sixth
Lauryn Hill
ten
"Telephone"
Lady Gaga
Mariah Carey
Lauryn Hill
ten
Lauryn Hill
Lady Gaga
Mariah Carey
2010
2010
Great Wall of China
2010
Beyoncé
2010
nine months
a hiatus from her music
her mother's
her father
nine months
2011
Clinton Bush Haiti Fund
Glastonbury Festival
Bush Haiti Fund
minute
a of many entertainers who performed for the family of Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi
2011
a spokesperson for Beyoncé
Glastonbury Festival
Muammar Gaddafi
WikiLeaks
Bush Haiti Fund
Pyramid stage
2011
"Love on Top"
writing
New York's Roseland Ballroom
June 28, 2011
310,000
New York Association of Black Journalists
late 2011
4
June 28, 2011
310,000
Essence
New York's Roseland Ballroom
January 7, 2012
Lenox Hill Hospital in New York
Blue Ivy Carter
Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall
January 7, 2012
Blue Ivy Carter
four nights
four
January 7, 2012
Blue Ivy Carter
Lenox Hill Hospital
Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall
four
romance
Life Is But a Dream
a global publishing agreement
January 2013
"Nuclear"
Beyoncé
268,000
January 2013
"Nuclear"
American national anthem
Super Bowl
Life Is But a Dream
132
The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour
"Rise Up"
Epic
April 15
2013 Met Gala
"Rise Up"
"Rise Up"
The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour
132
Back to Black
Met Gala
Queen Tara
iTunes Store
December 13, 2013
iTunes Store
Bey Z
Forbes
more than double
December 13, 2013
one million
"Drunk in Love"
"Drunk in Love"
six
Beck
Vogue
Pepsi
three
Beck
Pepsi
Album of the Year
Vogue
Pepsi
Coldplay
six
three
Beck
Vogue
Pepsi
Tidal
Formation
February 6, 2016
Formation
Tidal
music streaming service Tidal
February 6, 2016
Tidal
300 million
Paris
miscarriage
Jay Z
April 4, 2008
combined 300 million
wrote music in order to cope with the loss.
Paris
The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse
April 4, 2008
300 million
a miscarriage
Paris
MTV Video Music Awards
pregnancy
12.4 million
Guinness World Records
that year's MTV Video Music Awards become the most-watched broadcast in MTV history
most tweets per second
"Beyonce pregnant"
Love on Top
the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards
Love on Top
12.4 million
"Beyonce pregnant"
Lifeandtimes.com
"Glory"
Blue Ivy Carter
Lenox Hill Hospital
Glory
Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York
Blue Ivy
January 7, 2012
Blue Ivy Carter
"Glory"
Blue Ivy's cries
"B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.
George Zimmerman
America the Beautiful
$4 million
same sex
a rally
America the Beautiful
America the Beautiful
America the Beautiful
Tumblr
March 26, 2013
Vogue
Bany
TEDxEuston conference
April 2013
Ban Bossy
"Flawless"
leadership in girls
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Ban Bossy
Beyoncé
September 2015
women
a main UN summit in September 2015
2015
Angela Merkel
the head of the G7 in Germany
September
Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
Angela Merkel
head of the G7 in Germany
head of the G7 in Germany
Freddie Gray
Freddie Gray
Freddie Gray
thousands of dollars
Madonna and Celine Dion
"highest-earning power couple"
2014
$250 million
Madonna and Celine Dion
Forbes
April 2014
$1
$250 million
Forbes magazine
April 2014
MTV
2013
four octaves
Jody Rosen
The Daily Mail
hip hop era
four octaves
"versatile", capable of exploring power ballads, soul, rock belting, operatic flourishes, and hip hop
hip hop era
"capable of punctuating any beat with goose-bump-inducing whispers or full-bore diva-roars."
four octaves
vocal abilities
tart
hip hop era
R&B
pop, soul and funk
Spanish
Irreemplazable
Rudy Perez
pop, soul and funk
English
Spanish
B'Day
R&B
Spanish
Rudy Perez
Irrecordable (recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience)
formulate beats
"Cater 2 U"
"Independent Women"
man-tending anthems such as "Cater 2 U"
co-writing
man-tending anthems
female
Destiny's Child
melodies and ideas
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards
Diane Warren
"Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters"
2001
third
Billboard magazine
Beyoncé
Pop Songwriter of the Year
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards
one of only three women
17
Michael Jackson
five
Michael Jackson
practicing vocal runs as a child
Beyoncé
Vision of Love
Michael Jackson
Jackson
Diana Ross
Whitney Houston
Vision of Love
feminism and female empowerment
Baker
Etta James
Dreamgirls
"boldness" inspired Beyoncé
at the 2006 Fashion Rocks
Josephine Baker
"Déjà Vu"
Beyoncé
February 2013
Oprah Winfrey
US First Lady Obama
inspiration and a strong woman
lyrical and raw
she took all of the great things she achieved
lyrical genius
Oprah Winfrey
Oprah Winfrey
Jean-Michel Basquiat
Madonna
Suga Mama
The Mamas
Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick
2006
Suga Mama
"Irreplaceable"
BET Awards
Beyoncé
Suga Mama
B'Day
The Mamas
2006
most in-charge female artist
L.A. Reid
her stage presence and voice during live performances
Jaselman
entertainer alive
entertainer so seriously she's almost too good
Jaselman
The ex-President of Def Jam L.A. Reid
Sasha Fierce
Sasha was conceived during the making of "Crazy Fierce"
2010
Revel Presents
aggressive, too strong, too sassy
aggressive, too strong, Beyoncé Live shows later that month.
Sasha Fierce
May 2012
"Crazy in Love"
Allure magazine
a crossover sex symbol
Touré
Oxford English Dictionary
booty
"Bootylicious"
"Bootylicious"
2006
Touré
"Bootylicious"
2006
her onstage dress "is absolutely for the stage."
runway modelling debut at Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011
Tom Ford's Spring/Summer 2011
People
January 2013
VH1
Beyoncé
Complex
January 2013
1
2010
People
"Hottest Female Singer of All Time"
Madame Tussauds Wax Museums
mother
Beyoncé
Destiny's Style an account of how fashion had an impact on the trio's success.
2007
Beyoncé
Tyra Banks
People magazine
The Bey Hive
The Beyontourage
Twitter
The Bey Hive
The Beyontourage
The Beyontourage
The Beyontourage
beehive
House of Deréon
L'Officiel
L'Officiel, in blackface and tribal makeup
2006
wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon
L'Off Beyoncé
blackface and tribal
L'iciel
House of Deréon
French fashion magazine
African-American
Emmett Price
L'Oréal
"natural pictures be used".
"it is categorically untrue"
costumeing
Emmett Price
L'Oréal
Feria hair color
Beyoncé herself criticized H&M
The Guardian
2013
2014
Artist of the Decade
2013
2014
Jody Rosen
Jody Rosen
The Guardian
Time 100
Jody Rosen
2014
White Rabbits
Gwyneth Paltrow
Pepsi
Beyoncé's Pepsi commercial
White Rabbits
Beyoncé's work
Country Strong
White Rabbits
Milk Famous
Gwyneth Paltrow
Country Strong
Nicki Minaj
"Crazy in Love"
two
8 million copies
horse fly
2014
"Crazy in Love"
two
8 million
Drake
Rolling Stone
Drake
Scaptia beyonceae
over 15 million
118 million
64
60 million
Beyoncé
over 15 million
over 118 million
60 million
2011
64
118 million
118 million
The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)
64
2008
20
Beyoncé
52
most Grammy awards won by a female artist
two
20 Grammy Awards
52
2010
Beyoncé
20
52
Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)
Listeen
Pepsi
$50 million
Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)
70
April 2013
Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias
endorse Pepsi
Beyoncé
Pepsi
$50 million
The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET)
NetBase
Beyoncé
Beyoncé
Heat
2013
$400 million
Heat
February 2011
Pulse
six editions
Armani's Diamonds
2010
Heat
six
18
Starpower
since the age of 18
70
settled out of court by her lawyers
Starpower
Starpower
Starpower
GateFive
June 2013
Parkwood Entertainment
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd
athletic, street wear
fall of 2015
Topshop
fall of 2015
Parkwood Entertainment
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd
London
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd
March 30, 2015
Jay Z
March 30, 2015
music streaming
low payout of royalties
Tidal
Tidal, Aspiro
Jay Z
Spotify
Agnèz Deréon
Agnèz Deréon
Beyond Productions
sportswear, denim offerings with fur, outerwear and accessories
US and Canada
Beyoncé
2005
Beyond Productions
Destiny's Child's
her mother
Deréon
House of Brands
Brazil
2009
"high-style" mobile game
Sasha Fierce for Deréon
May 27, 2010
House of Brands
Beyoncé Fashion Diva
Sasha Fierce
C&A
Dillard's
Topshop
autumn 2015
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd
April 2016
Topshop
Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd
activewear
Hurricane Katrina
$250,000
Hurricane Ike
Survivor Foundation
$250,000
expanded to work with other charities in the city
Survivor Foundation
$250,000
Hurricane
Beyoncé
Brooklyn Phoenix House
"Get Me Bodied"
$1 million
Beyoncé Cosmetology Center
Children and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund
Beyoncé's Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief telethon
George Clooney and Wyclef Jean's Hope for Haiti Now
Beyoncé Cosmetology Center
God Bless the USA
Sandy Hook Elementary School
"I Was Here"
"Miss a Meal"
London
her mother Tina Knowles
the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
spread female empowerment
Catapult
"Demand A Plan"
Sandy Hook Elementary School
"I Was Here"
Salma Hayek and Frida Giannini
montaña (mountain).
4th
4th
77
montaña (mountain).
1908
1949
1981
grizzly bear
Maiasaura
21 years after statehood
Oro y Plata
Oro y Plata
1865
1895
bitterroot
62 percent
56
Billings
Missoula and Great Falls
Montana comes from the Spanish word Montaña
Montaña
147,040 square miles (380,800 km2)
Wyoming
Idaho
Northern Rocky Mountains
60 percent
turns east
Hudson Bay
10,000 feet (3,000 m) high
Granite Peak
12,799 feet (3,901 m) high
one
1996
59 to 41
2015 controlled by the Republicans 29 to 21,
a swing state
1992
1889
1889 the state has voted for Democratic governors 60 percent of the time
Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport
spring of 2013
BNSF Railway
the 1880s
Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
spring
wolves and mountain lions
the 1930s
Federation of Fly Fishers
recreational lake trout and kokanee salmon fisheries
A River Runs Through It
April 26, 1864
Fort Owen in Bitterroot valley in 1862
$1.75
1886
450 miles
Hudson Bay
Triple Peak in Glacier National Park
Pacific Ocean
Jefferson, Madison rivers
Three Forks
north
1976
north
North Dakota
3,223
Flathead Lake
Fort Peck Reservoir
Missouri river
25 percent
14 amphibian, 90 fish
grizzly
five
at least 17
15 inches (380 mm)
34.70 inches (881 mm)
105 inches (2,700 mm)
7 brackets
sales tax
no sales tax
66,000
18
1887
Great Falls
63%
German
mining camp
6.5 percent
Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt
1980 and 1990
2007
July 2007
forest fires
1855
Isaac Stevens
1859
Flathead Indian Reservation
Camp Cooke
Fort Benton
1876
1877
English
94.8 percent
Spanish is the language most commonly spoken at home
13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state
1,700
89.4 percent
6.3 percent
2.9
Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015
4.40 percent
Gallatin County
Kalispell
1917
in the wake of public outcry over her vote
smokejumpers
13 million
325 bison
General Philip Sheridan
1875
1881
1882
1871, 1872 and 1873
1876
September 8, 1883
1866
failed bid for statehood
1884
1889
North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington
1862
free land
1868
1877
640 acres (2.6 km2)
one dollar
James J. Hill
1902
1909
160 to 320 acres
June 1917
February 1918
criminalized criticism
over 200
over 200
40,000-plus
57,000
1500
William Henry Harrison
Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow
entire human groups
the Genocide Convention
in whole or in part
Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic
respectators on the Genocide Convention
biological-physical destruction
group destruction
Germany
the courts of these States have defined the type of group destruction the perpetrator must have intended of genocide
courts in Germany
the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG)
World War II
Lemkin
United Nations General Assembly
provide a legal definition of the crime
political killings
the USSR
international intervention in domestic politics
leading genocide scholar William Schabas
a permanent security council member
a minority
national, racial, religious or ethnic
Jorgic v. Germany
biological
a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people
Lemming
indictment
Australian
ritual
ritual
Australian anthropologist
language, culture, and economic
the legal aspect
a crime
deliberate killing of a certain group
the officials
the Peace of Westphalia
genocide is more than not committed by the officials in power of a state or area
ethnic, national, racial and in some
1648
1944
tribe or race
a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group
Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill
1944
a crime without a name
Raphael Lemkin
(meaning tribe or race)
remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them
when the targeted part is substantial enough
numeric size
absolute terms
prominence within the group
perpetrators' access to the victims
this factor alone will not indicate whether the targeted group is substantial
their reach
limited by the opportunity presented to him
inform the analysis
12 January 1951
20
two
United Kingdom
four
diplomatic
research tool
international legal credibility
alternative definitions
Jonassohn and Björnson
emphasise different periods
Kurt Jonassohn
R. J. Rummel
Ted Gurr
social and political groups
The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response
political groups
genocide
"Genocide is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group
policies
communal characteristics
characteristics by which members of a group are identified by the state
nationality
'pogroms,
murder by government of people
religious group
the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
eliminate the group
preventing births
Adrian Gallagher
collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base
intent, the multidimensional understanding of destroy
group identity
destroyed
genocide
both in peace and wartime
immunity from prosecution they grant has been invoked from time to time
the United States
Norway
the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG)
humanity
murder
the Holocaust
Raphael Lemkin
German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts
wider interpretation of genocide
ethnic cleansing
expel Muslims and Croats from their homes
European Court of Human Rights
About 30
several plea bargains
conspiracy to commit genocide
aiding and abetting genocide
German
genocide or complicity in genocide
Belgrade
Radovan Karadžić
no verdict was returned
Slobodan Miloković
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
April 1994
Security Council
serious violations of the international law performed
Rwandan citizens
Darfur
Colin Powell
Senat Relations Committee
International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur
genocidal policy
Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court
the Security Council formally referred the situation in Darfur to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court
the United States
fourth
psychological and social processes
psychological and social
Ervin Staub
devaluation of the group that becomes the victim
humanizing a devalued group
emergence of resistance
preferential growth of resistant bacteria
1943
penicillin and erythromycin
evolutionary processes
select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of antibiotics
1943
Luria–Delbrück
minimum inhibitory concentration
bacterial infection
bacterial growth phase
division of bacterial cells
concentration
host defense mechanisms, the location of infection
the antimicrobial activity of an antibacterial is usually combined with its pharmacokinetic profile
bacterial functions or growth processes
penicillins and cephalosporins
polymyxins
macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines
spectrum of activity
penicillins
polymyxins
four
mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity
penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium)
beta-lactam
aminoglycosides
chemical synthesis
beta-lactam antibiotics
2000 atomic mass units
penicillins
fungi in the genus Penicillium
tuberculosis
livestock raising
World Health Organization
20th
livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance
overuse
World Health Organization
20th
livestock raising
vaccination
20th century
antimicrobial
World Health Organization
every region
20th century
antimicrobial
World Health Organization
tuberculosis
empirical therapy
laboratory
a broad spectrum antibiotic
a patient has proven or suspected infection
several days
Empirical therapy is usually initiated
a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified
a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified.
mild to very serious
disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora
adverse side effects
quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid
allergic reactions
any negative effects
clinical use
the microbial organisms
Adverse effects range from fever and nausea to major allergic reactions
host microbiota
safe
mild to very serious
mild to very serious
overgrowth of yeast species of the genus Candida in the vulvo-vaginal area
indiscriminate use of antibiotics alter the host microbiota
obesity
subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment
penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline
unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans
beneficial effects of clinically indicated treatment with antibiotics in infancy
obesity
Early life
it is unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans
antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency
1%
reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon
inconclusive and controversial.
extra contraceptive measures be applied during therapies that are suspected to interact with oral contraceptives
contraceptive pills
1%
reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon
oral contraceptives
antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency
interfere with contraceptive pills
very low (about 1%)
moderate alcohol consumption
specific antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects
alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics
widespread
side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy
moderate alcohol consumption
alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed
alcohol
moderate alcohol consumption
never be mixed
Intrinsic antibacterial resistance
antibacterial resistance genes
an antibiotic target
vertical transmission of mutations during growth
mutation in the bacterial chromosome
vertical transmission of mutations during growth
confer resistance to multiple antibacterials
superbugs
tuberculosis
half a million
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
penicillin and erythromycin
Self prescription
Self prescription of antibiotics
prescription to treat viral infections such as the common cold
failure of medical professionals to prescribe the correct dosage
failure to take the entire prescribed course of the antibiotic, incorrect dosage and administration, or failure to rest for sufficient recovery
Inappropriate antibiotic treatment, for example, is their prescription to treat viral infections
prescribe the correct dosage
US Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health
2002
2003
Swann report 1969
American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Medical Association (AMA)
S.742 and H.R. 2562
the American Holistic Nurses' Association, the American Medical Association, and the American Public Health Association
animal husbandry
1977
March 2012
specially selected mold and plant materials and extracts
2000
mold and plant materials
against life
Jean Paul Vuillemin
penicillin
Alexander Fleming
penicillin
crude preparation to treat some infections
Prontosil
Gerhard Domagk
Gerhard Domagk
Nobel Prize for Medicine
tyrothricin
1939
commercially manufactured antibiotics universally
Rene Dubos
treating wounds and ulcers during World War II
1942
1945
Norman Heatley
1945
Dorothyfoot Hodgkin
immune modulation
Antibacterial vaccines
attenuated whole cells or lysates
Phage therapy
infecting pathogenic bacteria with their own viruses, more specifically, bacteriophages
the phages will infect "good" bacteria,
seven antibiotics
seven antibiotics
2013
FDA
appropriate economic incentives
antibiotics and antifungals
Allan Coukell
Polish and French
Romantic
solo piano
Duchy of Warsaw
20
Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin
Romantic
Warsaw
solo piano
20
17 October
Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin
the solo piano
Romantic
Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin
Warsaw
20
Romantic
17 October 1849
21
30
1835
Majorca
tuberculosis
Paris
30
Franz Liszt
1835
George Sand
21
30
1835
Jane Stirling
1835
Jane Stirling
tuberculosis
the piano
instrumental ballade
J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert
nuance and sensitivity
salons
Chopin's compositions include solo piano
instrumental ballade
nuance and sensitivity
J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert
Polish
the piano
Polish
nuance and sensitivity
J. S. Bach, Mozart and Schubert
solo piano
Polish
Paris salons
indirect
political insurrection, his love and his early death
Romantic
films and biographies
Poland, in France
Poland
political insurrection
Romantic
Poland, in France
political insurrection
Romantic era
Łelazowa
1 March
1 March
Fridericus Franciscus
29 miles
Łelazowa Wola
Napoleon
22 February 1810
1 March
Fridericus Franciscus
Napoleon
22 February 1810
1 March
Fridericus Franciscus
the Duchy of Warsaw
Napoleon
Justynaanowska
Easter Sunday, 23 April
Polish
Fryderyk
Lorraine
Fryderyk's father, Nicolas Chopin
Fryderyk
Ludwika (1807–55)
Fryderyk
Lorraine
Ludwika (1807–55)
October
French
the Palace grounds
flute and violin
illnesses
October 1810
Warsaw Lyceum
flute and violin
piano
slight
French
flute and violin
piano
Saxon Palace grounds
Fryderyk
Ludwika
seven
two polonaises
a polonaise in A-flat major of 1821
Fryderyk
Ludwika
seven
1817
1816 to 1821
Fryderyk
Ludwika
seven
Fryderyk
18
the rectorate of Warsaw University
Kazimierz Palace
Belweder Palace
Chopin's" ("Our Discourses")
18
Kazimierz Palace
Grand Duke Constantine
a march
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
Belweder Palace
Grand Duke Constantine
a march
Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
September 1823 to 1826
Józef Elsner
eolomelodicon
Tsar Alexander I
10 June 1825
Wilhelm Würfel
Józef Elsner
diamond ring
diamond ring
Rondo Op. 1
Wilhelm Würfel
Silesian composer Józef Elsner
eolomelodicon
a diamond ring
Rondo Op. 1
Dominik Dziewanowski
Szafarnia
Frédéric
modern and lively Polish
Dominik Dziewanowski, the father of a schoolmate
Polish rural folk music
Dominik Dziewanowski
The Szafarnia (to which he gave the title "The Szafarnia Courier")
Szafarnia
1827
Warsaw
1830
Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopin]]) became a museum
Ambrotów Mieroszewski
1827
1830
Sale Parlour (Salonik Chopintów) became a museum
Ambrotów Mieroszewski
Chopin's youngest sister
1830
Chopin Family Parlour
Ambrotów Mieroszewski
male or female
Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepobłocki, Jan Matuszyński and Julian Fontana
Konstancja Gładkowska
Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomucen
Konstancja Gładkowska
Concerto No. 1
July 1829
Tytus Woyciechowski, Jan Nepomu
Konstancja Gładkowska
Woyciechowski
Concerto No. 1
Four
Feliks Jarocki
Gaspare Spontini
Prince Antoni Radziwiłł
Polonaise in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3.
September 1828
Feliks Jarocki
Prince Antoni Radziwiłł
Prince Antoni Radziwiłł
Polonaise in C major for cello and piano, Op. 3
1828
Feliks Jarocki
composer and aspiring cellist
Gaspare Spontini
1829
Souvenir de Paganini
August
two piano concerts
17 March 1830
Souvenir de Paganini
Vienna
Concerto No. 2 in F minor,
September 1829
accustomed to the piano-bashing of local artists
Niccolò Paganini
Vienna
two piano concerts
three weeks
2 November 1830
Italy
1830
Jachimecki
Zdzisław Jachimecki
Woyciechowski
Italy
Poland
western Europe
Woyciechowski
1830
"I curse the moment of my departure."
1831
Polish Great Emigration
French
1835
friends and confidants
French
September
Polish Great Emigration
1835
Adam Zamoyski
Poland
French
French
Adam Zamoyski
Polish Great Emigration
Paris
Adam Mickiewicz
songs
Adam mickiewicz
artists
Adam mickiewicz
principal of the Polish Literary Society
Julian Fontana
Chopin
elder brother
Albert Grzymała
Polish
England
England
Albert Grzymała
Albert Grzymała
Albert Grzymała
Paris
Robert Schumann
26 February 1832
intimate keyboard technique
his father
Robert Schumann
26 February 1832
Rothschild
end of 1831
intimate keyboard technique
publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over Europe
Paris apartment
pianos
Salle Pleyel
Hexameron
Maurice Schlesinger
Adolphe Gutmann
his own Paris apartment
J.S. Bach
Maurice Schlesinger
Chopin
playing and discussing music at his piano
Friedrich Schadow
Carlsbad
Aix-la-Chapelle
Hiller
Carlsbad
September
Countes Wodziowska
Felix Mendelssohn
Aix-la-Chapelle
director of the Academy of Art
Maria
Woyciechowski
Rossini, Cherubini, Baillot
Liszt
26 February 1832
Woyciechowski
Salle Pleyel
Chopin at 38 Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin
Rue Lafitte
seven occasions
Hector Berlioz
Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory
2 April 1833
Beethoven Memorial in Bonn,
Salle Pleyel and the Paris Conservatory
Hôtel de la Chaussée-d'Antin
seven occasions
Hector Berli
love-hate
theatricality, showmanship and success
Chopin
my friend Liszt
Op. 10 Études
Marie d'Agoult
Liszt
Liszt
Marie d'Agoult
Hiller
George Sand
Marie d'Agoult
My tragedy
Grzymała
George Sand
rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand
"My tragedy".
Marie d'Agoult
1837
"My tragedy"
Grzymała
London
lovers
six years older than the composer
lovers
a former lover Félicien Mallefille
Camille
piano maker
six years older than the composer
Félicien Mallefille
Carthusian monastery in Valldemossa
end of June 1838
Majorca
Maurice
Félicien Mallefille
Carthusian monastery
three
Pleyel piano
best possible condition
three
December
his bad health
Pleyel piano
December
Pleyel
the bad weather
Canuts
Barcelona, then to Marseilles
Nohant
Square d'Orléans
the Canuts
Marseilles
Nohant
5 rue Tronchet
Square d'Orléans
the bad weather
a local French couple, the Canuts
Marseilles
Square d'Orléans
Sand's estate at Nohant
the July Revolution
tenth
Adolphe Nourrit
transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne.
a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne.
Adolphe Nourrit
a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne.
Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale
the July Revolution
Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53
mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot
7 June 1842
piano technique and composition
Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot
piano technique and composition
Delacroix
1842
Grzymała
Beethoven Seventh Symphony
piano
epilepsy
1842
Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement
epilepsy
1842
mouth and tonsils
Beethoven Seventh Symphony
Charles Hallé
epilepsy
Solange
Sand looked on his society friends with disdain
"child," a "little angel", a "sufferer" and a "beloved little corpse."
Lucrezia Floriani
18
1846
Chopin
Lucrezia Floriani
Chopin
a nurse to Chopin
Lucrezia Floriani
Chopin was utterly indifferent to Sand's radical political pursuits
Op. 58 sonata
refined than many of his earlier compositions
a dozen
six
Op. 58 sonata
six
six shorter pieces
a dozen
February 1848
Auguste Franchomme
February 1848
Auguste Franchomme
struggle financially
Auguste Franchomme
Cello Sonata
BBC
Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music
BBC
Chopin – The Women Behind The Music (2010)
Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda
Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda
A Song to Remember
Cornel Wilde
1928
Hugh Grant
George Sand
A Song to Remember
Cornel Wilde
Henry Roussel
Hugh Grant
1901
Milan
Giacomo Orefice
a fanciful operatic version
fanciful operatic
Giacomo Orefice
1901
Milan
Leon Ulrich
Marcel Proust and André Gide
biographies
an 1830 sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich
1830
English
five years
Grand Prix du F. Chopin
The New York Times
Warsaw Chopin Society
five years
The New York Times
1895
an 1895 performance by Paul Pabst of the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2
Paul Pabst of the Nocturne
The British Library
1895
Methuen-Campbell
International Chopin piano Competition
1927
Warsaw
every five years
1,500
International Chopin piano Competition
1927
Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland
nearly 1,500
Chopiniana
Michel Fokine
Les Sylphides
Alexander Glazunov
1909
Chopiniana
Michel Fokine
Alexander Glazunov
Les Sylphides
London
Stirling
London
Jane Stirling and her elder sister
Stirling
Revolution of 1848
Scottish
Dover Street
Broadwood
Stafford House
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
7 July
grand piano
grand piano
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
private recitals
Viardot
Scotland
Adam Łyecznański
Scotland
Glasgow
"a kind of disposition to be made of my stuff in the future, if I should drop dead somewhere
16 November 1848
London's Guildhall
Polish refugees
very seriously ill
London's Guildhall
Chopin or accompanied the singna Potocka, for his friends
Chapin returned to Paris
Princess Obreskoff
end of November
Delfina Potocka
Chaillot
Princess Obreskoff
June 1849
June 1849
Place Vendôme 12
Ludwika
Ludwika
Jane Stirling
de riur to faint
fear of being buried alive
"No longer"
Solange's husband Clésinger
fear of being buried alive
cast of his left hand
tuberculosis
Cruveilhier
DNA testing
tuberculosis
Jean Cruveilhier
cystic fibrosis
Polish government
Church of the Madeleine
two weeks
3,000
Church of the Madeleine
two weeks
3,000
Mozart's Requiem
Louis Lefébure-Wély
Prince Adam Czarski
Funeral March from Chopin's piano Sonata No. 2
Mozart's Requiem
Louis Lefébure-Wély
Père Lachaise
Prince Adam Czartoryski
Funeral March from Chopin's piano Sonata No. 2
Clésinger
Euterpe
5,000 francs
Jane Stirling
an urn
Clésinger
5,000 francs
Jane Stirling
Ludwika
Sand, who seems to have destroyed them.
230
piano
230
chamber music
Clementi
Clementi
Bach and Mozart
Clementi
Chopin
ballades and scherzi
salon
ballades and scherzi
the concert étude
Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles
seven
nine
Chopin who put the mazurka on the European musical map.
faster
the Op. 26 pair
concert hall
dance forms
nine
waltzes
Minute Waltz
Funeral March
Sonata No. 2 (Op. 35)
Funeral March, the composer never named an instrumental work beyond genre and number
Revolutionary Étude
the Minute Waltz
65
Julian Fontana
23 unpublished piano pieces
17
65
Julian Fontana
1857
Krystyna
1857
alternative catalogue designations
Kobylatów Catalogue
[k musicologist Krystyna Kobyla
Krystyna Kobyla
Breitkopf & Härtel
Jan Ekier
publishers
popular 19th-century piano anthologies
Pader
Jan Ekier
Improvisation
the four-bar phrase
Improvisation
Nicholas Temperley
his flexible handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit
Barcarolle Op. 60
the four ballades
"departure and return"
folk features
ternary or episodic
mazurkas
drone basses
canon at one beat's distance
triple time
Elsner
martial
formidable playing technique
21
agitated expression
Field
Chopin met in 1833
agitated expression
piano playing double thirds (Op. 25, No. 6
straightforward ternary
straightforward ternary
The Well-Tempered Clavier
Kenneth Hamilton
The preludes
J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier
generic preludes
Ferruccio Busoni
four
Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson
four
a brief (75-bar) perpetuum mobile
Op. 58
Claude Debussy
harmonic innovations
Temperley
very independent finger technique
Léon Escudier
Projet de et
Karol Szymanowski
national modes
Nikolai Zverev
Karol Szymanowski
Alexander Scriabin
Nikolai Zverev
Jonathan Bellman
expressive phrasing, rhythmic consistency and sensitive colouring
chromatic embroidery
hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art
Berlioz
Hiller
rubato
robbing' some note-values for expressive effect
rubato
rubato
Friederike Müller
Friederike Müller
rhythm
nationalism
1836
his native Poland
the failure of the November rising
Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
polonaises
Schumann
flowers
Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
Barbara Milewski
"nationalist" composers in Central Europe
Richard Taruskin
conscious patriotic design
freedom
Europe and the New World
Byronic flamboyance
Liszt and Henri Herz
Paris
Arthur Hutchings
Carnaval
Ballade No. 2 in F major
six
Alkan
pianist and composer
Carnaval
Ballade No. 2 in F major
Liszt's
Debussy
Jacques Durand
Raoul Koczalski
Chopin's music
Mainland Chinese scholars
horses
1260–1294)
Deshin Shekpa
Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school
Nepal
armed resistance
Mongols
Ganden Phodrang
1578
9th century
Yarlung rulers of Tibet
fixed the borders between Tibet and China.
Tang
821
907–960
907–960
Khitan-ruled Liao dynasty
Khitan
Jurchen
Genghis Khan
the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1241)
1229–1241
Genghis Khan
Godan
Sakya Pandita
Töregene Khatun
1241–1246
thirteen
Khagan
Ögedei Khan
Karma Pakshi
Phagpa lama
1279
China, Tibet, Mongolia, Korea
Yuan
universal rule
China
1358
Phagmodru myriarch Tai Changchub Gyaltsen
Phagmodru myriarch Taichub Gyaltsen
Phagmodrupa Dynasty
Zhu Yuanzhang
Zhu Yuanzhang
Zhu Yuanzhang
1368–1398
Zhu Yuanzhang
Rolpe Dorje
pe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama
the Buddhist link between Tibet and China
Hongwu Emperor
Ming government
1402–14
Yongle Emperor
1644–1912
1739
-Lì-Sī Army-Civilian Marshal Office
seventeen
western Tibet
three Princes
Van Praag
Tai Situ Changch Gyaltsen
Turrell V. Wylie
Tibet
Morris Rossabi
Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa
Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa
Wang and Nyima
1371
princes
invite ex-Yuan officials to the court
Thomas Laird
Mongols
Wang and Nyima
the line of Mongol rulers in China
the line of Mongol rulers in China
non-Chinese polity
Kublai Khan
1271 to 1368
1311–1320
licensed border market
Mongols and other ethnicities
Ming
General of the Ngari Military and Civil Wanhu Office
Ming dynasty's Ü-Tsang Commanding Office
Beijing
Chen Qingying
1,000
10,000
Tibetologist John Powers
ruling lamas
subordinates
the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan
Hans Bielenstein
Environmental Minister
"Degsi"
Phagmodrupa Dynasty
Wang and Nyima
Tai Situpa
Changchub Gyaltsen
Van Praag
University of Washington
Mongol suzerainty
sagya Gyaincain
Hongwu Emperor
Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen
Hongwu Emperor
the Ming court
Phagmodrupa
1434
1642
hegemonies
Karma Kargyu
Tsongkhapa
Je Tsongkhapa
Ming Yongle Emperor
Tsongkhapa
1407
1413
Chosrje Shākya Yeshes
14
Dawa Norbu
eastern Tibetan princes
army
Tibet
Yang Sanbao
Tibet
1413
to gain the allegiance of various Tibetan princes
to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states such as Nepal and Tibet
Gelug
1430s
Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu
various lamas
Phagmodru myriarchy
Melvyn C. Goldstein
1435–1565
Melvyn C. Goldstein
1565–1642
1398–1402
Yao
Hongwu
March 10, 1403
Zhi Guang
to seek out the Karmapa
1407
Lhasa
1403
the palace in Nanjing
Karmapa
Kublai
Norbu
Linggu Temple
Nanjing
Treasure Prince of Dharma
religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects
Deshin Shekpa
religious
send a military force into Tibet
forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools
Deshin Shekpa
Jianwen Emperor
Deshin Shekpa
Deshin Shekpa's miracles
Chinese Communist historians
Buddhist artifacts
Josef Kolmaš
1435–1449
Information Office of the State Council
Karmapa
Great Treasure Prince of Dharma
1445
Karmapa hierarchs
1446
1415
Karma Kagyu
facilitate trade with Tibet
tea, horses, and salt
Sichuan
secure urgently needed horses
wealthy entourage and Ming Chinese merchants
handicrafts
the Ming
"corvée"
Tibet
Altan Khan
Oirat Mongol confederation
the Ming dynasty
Altan Khan
14th century
November 1378
30,000
200,000
Ming general Qu Neng
recovery of the Ordos region
Mongols
Ming China
stabilize border regions and protect trade routes
"divide-and-rule"
after the Sakya regime
Kublai Khan
Karmapa
Phagmodrupa
1498
New Years
there is no known written evidence to suggest that later leaders
1505–1521
lamas
Rinpung-supported Mikyö Dorje
Elliot Sperling
China's intervening Ming dynasty
13th
18th century
Qing
Chinese central government
Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans
Communist successors
California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco
Mongols
patron and priest
13th century
Ming dynasty
1981
China Daily
the central government of China
1521–1567
Daoism
Tibetan lamas
Yang Tinghe
Yang Tinghe
Evelyn S. Rawski
Neo-Confucian
Fernão Pires de Andrade
Tibetan Buddhism and lamas
Jiajing
Kokonor
Ming Chinese
Ming
1571
Sönam Gyatso
shamanism
Mongol princes
execution
Dalai Lama
unique fusion of religious and political power
en Khan
Altan Khan
5th Dalai Lama
1617–16
Altan Khan
Altan Khan
Zhang Juzheng
Zhang Juzheng
Mongolia
Dalai Lama
pay tribute
Dorjichang or Vajra Dalai Lama
fifth Dalai Lama
Panchen Lama
Master of Vajradhara
Yonten Gyatso
16
Yonten Gyatso
just like his predecessor
Mongol
vassal of Tibet
1642
Ming court
1565
Karma Phuntsok Namgyal
1611–1621
Karmapa
four Dalai Lama
Güshi Khan
protector
Gelugpas'
Amdo
1642
Lozang Gyatso
conquest of Tibet
Dalai Lama
Sonam Chöpel
Güshi Khan
Li Zicheng
Dalai Lama
Shunzhi
Dzungar Mongols
Tibetan
1720
1751
1735–1796
Apple
October 23, 2001
three
portable media players
touchscreen
2001
Apple
three
iPod Nano
July 15, 2015
external data
160 GB
160 GB
2 GB Shuffle
160 GB
2 GB
128 GB
iTunes
Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows operating systems
iTunes
5
iPad
iOS 5
2010
Music" and "Videos"
A8
sixth
A8
2015
A8
Space grey, pink, gold
2001
2004
Jon Ive
Braun T3
5 GB
2001
5 GB
the iPod
Jon Rubinstein
Apple
Pixo
Chicago font
2007
Helvetica
Steve Jobs
Portal Player's reference platform based on two ARM cores
Podium Sans
2006
U2
silver but black
an exclusive video with 33 minutes of interviews and performance
U2
silver but black
2006
Burst.com
Kane Kramer
UK
1981
plastic music box
Burst.com
Kane Kramer
Kane Kramer
Vinnie Chieco
freelance copywriter
A Space Odyssey
Vinnie Chieco
2005
A Space Odyssey
Vinnie Chieco
Joseph N. Grasso
mid 2015
Pierre Dandumont
the latest version of iTunes, 12.2
12.2
Pierre Dandumont
weak bass response
high-impedance
an external headphone amplifier
weak bass response
DC-blocking capacitors
the bass
R&B, Acoustic, and Bass booster
equalizer amplified the digital audio level beyond the software's limit
2006
R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass booster
hearing loss
100 dB in EU
100 dB
France
100 dB
France
FireWire
FireWire connection to the host computer
FireWire
third generation
FireWire
fifth
four
3.5 mm minijack phone connector
third generation
four-generation iPod Shuffle
FireWire
second-generation iPod Touch
-discontinued iPod Hi-Fi
Belkin and Griffin
dock connector
proprietary interface
third parties
iPod Hi-Fi
Lightning
Lightning
both sides
Apple Lightning cables have pins on both sides
both sides
Lightning
fifth
iPod Hi-Fi
the iPodcamera
Griffin Technology, JBL, Monster Cable, and SendStation
TV
Griffin Technology
Apple
BMW
2005
Scion
BMW
Scion
JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon
FM
audio input jacks
personal FM transmitters
audio input jacks
United, Continental, and Emirates
individual seat-back displays
United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates
United, Delta, and Emirates
mid-2007
AAC/M4A
The iPod photo
WMA
Digital Rights Management
Mac
MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC,
The iPod photo
one host computer
anything added or edited
host computer
five buttons
later generations have the buttons integrated into the click wheel
earphone cable
minimalist
iPhone
five buttons
iPod Shuffle
iPhone
April 29, 2003
iTunes
October 12, 2005
October 12, 2005
April 29, 2003
April 29, 2003
April 29, 2003
AAC
Up to five authorized computers
"iTunes Plus."
January 6, 2009
April 2009
AAC
FairPlay DRM system
EMI
April 2009
eMusic or Amie Street
iPod
DRM
Universal Music Group
iTunes Store
July 3, 2007
"The Beat Goes On..."
September 5, 2007
September 5, 2007
an iPhone
iPods
an easter egg hidden feature
Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak
Parachute, Solitaire, and Music quiz
menu option
Brick
Parachute, Solitaire, and Music quiz
2006
iTunes 7
5th
4th
2006
fifth
Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft
handheld console market
GamePro and EGM
ipg files
.zip archives
software development kit
iPod Touch
ipg files
clickwheel-based games
publicly released a software development kit (SDK) for iPod-specific development
iTunes
third-party applications
iTunes
DRM protected
iTunes 7 and above
hidden
host
copying the files or folders off the iPod
2005
patent infringement by the iPod line
Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company
Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company
Advanced Audio Devices
FairPlay
music selection
August 2005
Creative Technology
"Zen Patent"
International Trade Commission
rotational user inputs
Creative Technology
August 24, 2006
US$100 million
Made for iPod program
Creative US$100 million
Made for iPod program
72.7%
October 2004
72.7%
Bloomberg Online
90%
72.7%
74%
January 8, 2004
Hewlett-Packard
Hewlett-Packard (HP)
5%
unfavorable
Hewlett-Packard (HP)
one-hundred millionth
32%
Mac computers
US$5.2 billion
2007
32%
US$6.2 billion
19.22%
US$24.01 billion
US$15.4 billion
US$3.5 billion
January 22, 2008
$1.58 billion
21%
21%
Peter Oppenheimer
2009
14.21%
220 million
2013
fourth best
favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use
iPod line and the AAC
WMA
PC World
Sony Ericsson and Nokia
PC World
Western Infirmaries
to train new staff
Royal and Western Infirmaries
Glasgow, Scotland
Duke University
Entertainment Weekly
Duke University
Entertainment Weekly
Album Era
music
accelerating shifts
Album Era
14 hours
MP3.com
2003
battery charges lasted for shorter lengths than stated
8
third-party vendors
a refurbished replacement iPod
lithium-ion batteries
worn-out batteries
lithium-ion batteries
battery replacement program
US$99
soldering tools
Fifth
2003
US$99
Fifth generation
flawed battery
Apple product replacement program
short life-span and fragile
MacIn Touch
2005
In late 2005
protective sleeves
flash memory
surface
Apple's Code of Conduct
Apple's Code of Conduct
25%
The Mail
35%
Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group
Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group
Foxconn
Longhua, Shenzhen
Foxconn
Verité
2006
2010
an Apple prototype
2010
innovation
HFS+
FAT32
action-adventure
GameCube and Wii
November 2006
2005
Nintendo
November 2005
2006
Link
Hyrule
Midna
Link
Midna
The Wind Waker
Game of the Year
Nintendo Selects label
March
Twilight Princess
several
2006
March 2016
combat, exploration, and item collection
Ocarina of Time
projectile-based weapons
sword and shield
bow and arrows
action-adventure
Ocarina of Time
sword and shield
L-targeting
one button
on-screen display
place the rock on the ground if he is standing still
context-sensitive button
on-screen display
built-in speaker
a bowstring when shooting an arrow
a bowstring when shooting an arrow
swinging the Wii Remote
two
motion sensors
the Wii Remote
nine dungeons
to obtain an item
a large overworld
the horse, Epona; or by teleporting
puzzles
a boss
a large overworld
wolf
dodging attacks
Poes
Wolf Link
human
a wolf
imp-like creature
enemy ghosts
artificial intelligence
The Wind Waker
arrows or slingshot pellets
artificial intelligence
Enemies
nods and facial expressions
Midna
Akikomoto
Japanese
grunts
nods and facial expressions
Midna
Akikomoto
a ranch hand
carry off the village's children with Link
Midna
"Tears of Light"
Ordon Village
Bulblins
"Tears of Light"
Fused Shadows
Zant
the Master Sword
Zelda
Lanayru
Ordon Village's children
Zant
Master Sword
Zelda
Shadow Crystal
the Mirror of Twilight
Midna
Hyrule Castle
Zelda's
the Shadow Crystal
the Mirror of Twilight
Midna
Ganondorf
beast
Mirror of Twilight
Ordon Village
Zelda
his chest
Zelda
Link and Zelda
Midna's helmet
Mirror of Twilight
The Legend of Zelda
Game Developers Conference
North American
horseback combat
2003
Eiji Aonuma
horseback combat
four months
Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004
Nintendo DS
Phantom Hourglass
2004
a wolf
Minish Cap
Revolution
Aonuma
Takano
Wii Remote
pointing-based interface for the bow and arrow
2005
Aonuma
2005
Nintendo DS
E3
the Wii
E3 2005
swing the Wii Remote with the right hand
NGC Magazine
make it into the GameCube release
2006
a month
NGC Magazine
E3 2006
Wii controls
sword
Aonuma
right-handed
intuitive and easy to use
Toru Minegishi
Minegishi
Michiru Ōshima
Toru Minegishi
Michiru Ōshima
Yasuzo Takemoto
live
50-person
November 19, 2006
Nintendo Power promotion
Media requests at the trade show
November 19, 2006
Nintendo Power promotion
a buffer overflow vulnerability
Executable and Linkable Format
version 4.0
Twilight Hack
3.3 and 3.4
version 4.0
Tantalus Media
Wii U
November 12, 2015
March 5, 2016
The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD
Tantalus Media
Amiibo functionality
March 4, 2016
Wolf Link Amiibo figurine
Link and Toon
Link and Toon
Ganondorf
"Cave of Shadows"
Wolf Link Amiibo figurine
"Cave of Shadows"
Link and Toon Link
Zelda and Sheik
GameStop
20 musical selections
Japan, Europe, and Australia
A CD containing 20 musical selections
perfect scores
GameRankings and Metacritic
GameTrailers
universal critical acclaim and commercial success
perfect scores
95% and 96
GameTrailers
IGN and GameSpy
GameSpot's Jeff Gerstmann
GameSpot
IGN
1UP.com
IGN and GameSpy
Gaming Nexus
Hyper's Javier Glickman
GameCube
16th
4th-best
third-best
IGN and Nintendo Power
Best Adventure Game
16th
4th
North, Central or South America
5.82 million
1.32 million
PAL
5.82 million
1.32 million
Akira Himekawa
Japan
Akira Himekawa
mobile
Eon Productions
Daniel Craig
James Bond
Skyfall
$245 million
twenty-fourth
Spectre
Spectre
Metro-Mayer and Columbia Pictures
Sam Mendes
Spectre
Diamonds Are Forever
M, Q and Eve Moneypenny
Bautista
Lucia Sciarra
M, Q and Eve Moneypenny
Léa Seydoux
Bautista
1971
26 October 2015
Royal Albert Hall in London
6 November 2015
length, lack of screen time
Best Original Song
Skyfall
"Writing's on the Wall"
Day of the Dead
M
Garreth Mallory
"Nine Eyes"
Garreth Mallory
Day
MI5 and MI6
an assassin who survived the attack
Mr. White
Spectre
Franz Oberhauser
a Spectre assassin
Moneypenny
Rome
Franz Oberhauser
Mr. Hinx
Oberhauser
thallium poisoning
Madeline Swann
commits suicide
Hoffler Clinic
Tangier
thallium poisoning
Madeline Swann
Tangier
Bond
train
Swann
Ernst Stavro Blofeld
Ernst Stavro Blofeld
MI6 building
Bill Tanner, Q, and Moneypenny
Westminster Bridge
Bill Tanner, Q, and Moneypenny
Q
M, Bill Tanner, Q, and Moneypenny
SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion
Kevin McClory
1963
Never Again
Warhead 2000 A.D.
1963
War Never Again
Thunderball
MGM and the McClory estate
Spectre
Eon Productions
2013
MGM
Spectre
Danjaq
Sony Pictures Entertainment
Eon Productions
John Logan
Eon Productions
November 2014
John Logan
Eon Productions
Christoph Waltz
1983
Neal Purvis and Robert Wade
Quantum of Solace
"Octopussy"
Charmian Bond
"Octopussy"
Christoph Waltz
Quantum of Solace
Spectre
Hildebrand Rarity
Kingsley Amis
Your Eyes Only
Your Eyes Only
Blofeld
brand Rarities and Antiques
December 2014
Ralph Fiennes
Naomie Harris
Ralph Fiennes
Rory Kinnear
four
Rory Kinnear
Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw
Franz Oberhauser
Ernst Stavro Blofeld
Bérénice Lim Marlohe
Spectre
fifty
Bérénice Lim Marlohe
Spectre
ten thousand extras
Alessandro Cremona
Stephanie Sigman
February 2015
Mexico
Austria
Alessandro Cremona
Estrella
John Glen
Dennis Gassner
Roger Deakins
Skyfall and Spectre
Spectre
Bond 24
John Glen
sixth Bond
Pinewood Studios, and around London
Kodak 35 mm film stock
Pinewood Studios
seven months
Kodak 35 mm film stock
Pinewood Studios
December 2014
February 2015
Austria centred on the Ice Q Restaurant
kne
Ice Q Restaurant
Austrian Alps
Rettenbach glacier
the Ponte bridge and the Roman Forum
Williams
Jaguar
four independent electric engines
Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire
the Ponte Sisto bridge
Aston Martin DB10 and a C-X75
Williams
Jaguar
Mexico City
Day of the Dead
Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district
1,500
Zócalo
Day of the Dead
Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Bo 105
Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district
Pinewood Studios
22 April
New York
Westminster and Lambeth Bridges
London Fire Brigade
Thames
Vauxhall Cross
Westminster and Lambeth Bridges
The London Fire Brigade
Covent Garden
night
Oujda, Tangier and Erfoud
Largest film stunt explosion" in cinematic history
production designer Chris Corbould
128 days
Morocco
rgest film stunt explosion
128 days
Chris Corbould
$20 million
Michael G. Wilson
Turkey
Istanbul
Thomas Newman
23 October 2015
Decca Records
Thomas Newman
Decca Records
filming
July 2015
Writing's on the Wall
under half an hour
Writing's on the Wall
Sam Smith
25 September 2015
Adele's "Skyfall"
Shirley Bassey
Radiohead
Adele
Shirley Bassey
Radiohead
Aston Martin and Eon
eight
Williams F1
promotional work
10
007 logo
clappers
Skyfall
Eon's official social media accounts
Skyfall
a behind-the-scenes mockumentary
BBC One
July
March 2015
Spectre
David Walliams
Royal Albert Hall
26 October 2015
Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation
Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation
Skyfall
$879.3 million worldwide
$199.8 million
$879.3 million
£4 million
Harry Potter
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
£6.3 million
The Dark Knight
avatar
The film also broke the record for the best per-screen opening average with $110,000
Paris
$4.8 million
Spider-Man 3
$8.2 million
Spider-Man 3
Minions
372 screens
$70.4 million
$5.25 million
Skyfall
372 screens
weekend
November
198%
$84.7 million
$15 million
Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation
$84.7 million
60 out of 100
60 out of 100
64%
Audiences polled
64%
60 out of 100
Robbie Collin
IGN
four out of five stars
four out of five stars
Forbes' Scott Mendelson
Mick LaSalle
perfect 100 score
007
Christopher Orr
Bored
The Washington Post
"Bored, James Bored."
Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC)
Twitter
Christoph Waltz
spring 2016.
spring 2016.
2008
the Great Sichuan earthquake
69,197
2008
8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw
May 12
02:28:00 PM China Standard Time
69,197
Beijing and Shanghai
19 km (12 mi)
even months
Wenchuan earthquake
Wenchuan County, Sichuan
80 kilometres (50 mi) west-northwest
19 km (12 mi)
69,197
68,636
4.8 million
15 million
1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion)
68,636
374,176
18,222
4.8 million
as high as 11 million
Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
2 minutes
80%
8.0 Ms and 7.9 Mw
2 minutes
80%
Longmenshan fault
the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate
120 sec
deeper than 10 km.
Longmenshan fault
Yingxiu-Beichuan
80 sec
9 meters
April 30, 2008
1972
a confidential written report
occurrence of a significant earthquake
May 8
a correlation between the occurrence of droughts and earthquakes
reports predicting the earthquake
9 meters
USGS seismologist Tom Parsons
up to 9 meters
240 km by 20 km deep
20 km
southwestern
a major M>7 aftershock
over 6,000
the earthquake occurred in two stages
Longmenshan Fault
shallowness of the epicenter
30 times the energy of the Great Hanshin earthquake
firmness of the terrain in central China
Between 64 and 104
72 hours of the main quake
August 5, 2008
64 and 104
42,719
6.4 MS
246
August 5, 2008
August 30, 2008
southern Sichuan
Panzhihua earthquake
2008 Panzhihua
southern Sichuan
Ms 6.1
Ms 6.1
CEA
European Macroseismic Scale (EMS)
very destructive
very disastrous
Wenchuan
eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau
3.5 metres (11 ft) vertical
3 metres (9.8 ft)
2 metres (6 ft 7 in)
2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in)
eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau
The Longmen Shan Fault System
3.5 metres (11 ft) vertical
3.5 metres (11 ft)
4.8 metres (16 ft)
Shanghai's financial district
"calm"
10 minutes
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport
May 12
evacuated
Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport
this disruption in air traffic services
relief operations
Chengdu
Beijing
Hui County, Gansu
caught on fire
cracks on walls of some residential buildings in the downtown areas
office towers
None
Hui County, Gansu
the rail was distorted
All
80%
Shifang
fewer than 60
All of the highways
delayed arrival
80%
collapse of two chemical plants
fewer than 60
southwestern China
Copper
oil
suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China
southwestern China
Copper
Shenzhen Stock Exchange
mobile and terrestrial
internet capabilities
number of months
mobile and terrestrial telecommunications
the Sichuan area
the government piece
mobile and terrestrial telecommunications
major news and media websites
2,300
700
2,300
severe telecommunication traffic congestion
Half
China Unicom
700
Wolong National Nature Reserve
280
31
two
Wolong National Nature Reserve
Six
Five
Mao Mao
Zipingpu Hydropower Plant
20 km east
2,000
391 dams, most of them small,
Zipingpu Hydropower Plant
20 km east
less than initially feared
Tulong reservoir
391
69,180
68,636
18,498
374,176
158
69,180 known deaths
68,636
18,498
374,176
repairs
2,300
Wenchuan County
9,000
3,000 to 5,000
10,000
2,300
3,000 to 5,000
3,000 to 5,000
10,000 to 5,000
Eight
Health care
Gao Qiang
public health care system insufficient
largely neglected and untouched by China's economic rise
inland areas such as Sichuan
public health care system insufficient
medical treatment
thousands
seven
at least 1,700
7,000
700
shoddy construction
seven schools
at least 1,700
7,000
600 students and staff
December 2008
May 7, 2009
5,35
5,335
May 7, 2009
Weiwei
5,335
546
fertility clinics
at least 5 million
at least 5 million
12.5 million animals
a million
at least 5 million
5 million
Millions
a million
Reginald DesRoches
professor of civil and environmental engineering
after the devastating 1976 Tangshan earthquake
Tangshan earthquake
an international reconnaissance team of engineers was dispatched to the region to make a detailed preliminary survey
make a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings
damaged the earthquake
reconnaissance team of engineers
a detailed preliminary survey of damaged buildings
many constructions failed to withstand the earthquake
poorer, rural villages
Swaminathan Krishnan
rural
earthquake occurred in the rural part of China
strong building codes
any regulations overseeing them
US$75 billion
minor damage
US$75 billion
the earthquake
the five largest cities
420,000 homes
6.0 Mw (6.4 Ms according to CEA) hit northeast of the original earthquake
63
420,000
63
Qingchuan, Sichuan
Wei Hong
200,000
1.94 million
1,300
Executive vice governor Wei Hong
90,000
200,000
1.94 million
1.94 million
Premier Wen Jiabao
geomechanics
rescue work
50,000
90 minutes
ten emergency medical teams
50,000
closety of the quake's epicenter
II emergency plan
the most serious class of natural disasters
22:15 CST, May 12
Level I at 22:15 CST, May 12
natural disasters
Level I
The National Disaster Relief Commission
184
12
184
184
earthquake emergency relief
184
150
Armed Police General Hospital
Nanyuan Airport
Book Blade
Book Blade
China Digital Times
Book Blade
Children's Day
relief centres
performed ceremonies marking the special day
rubble of schools
June 1, 2008
relief centres
$48.6 million
10 million yuan
$48.6 million
10 million yuan
$457 million
19
four
Saudi Arabia
€40,000,000
$457 million
Saudi Arabia
four
a counterpart support plan
3 years
a counterpart support plan
one province to one affected county
3 years
no less than one percent
disgarded warnings about so many large-scale dam projects in a seismically active area
Zipingpu Dam
"25 times more" than a year's worth of natural stress from tectonic movement.
The government
seismically active area
access to seismological and geological data
researchers to retrofit data in order to model future earthquake predictions
the 2008 Sichuan earthquake
time prediction method
statistics on geomagnetism with tidal gravitational potential
earthquake prediction was a global issue
proven methods exist
global issue
prediction notification
'predicted' the earthquake's occurrence
2002
Chen Xuezhong
Chen Xuezhong
2002
seismically active
over 30 years
30 years
no consensus
whether or not studying statistics related to the quake
Earthquake prediction
Taipei Fire Department
over 300
the traffic problem
donating cash instead of other items
traffic problem
Tibetan village of Sier
Persistent heavy rain and landslides
20
over 15,600
around 3,000
15
heavy rain and landslides
20
15,600
around 3,000
9,000
May 15, Premier Wen Jiabao ordered the deployment of an additional 90 helicopters
60
30
150
150
60
Premier Wen Jiabao
relief operations
Tzu Chi Foundation
Taiwan
May 13
Tzu Chi
international help to cope with the quake.
cope with the quake
China Airlines
19:00 CST, May 15
May 16
direct chartered cargo flight was made by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan
Taipei
Taipei
A rescue team
Chengdu
its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas
Chinese authorities
135,000
May 16
its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas
tents and generators
135,000
The Internet
an online rescue request center
to find the blind spots of disaster recovery
Wenchuan
The Internet
Xinhua
a student proposed a landing spot online
contact information for victims and evacuees
May 31,
a moment of silence
sealed ruins of the Beichuan county seat
three days
a moment of silence
statequake relic museum
concerts
the terrible disaster
blood
China Unicom and China Mobile
all over mainland China
Xinhua
booths set up in schools, at banks
text messaging
$842 million
557 tents
2,500
788,000 yuan
Wenchuan County
30,000
Red Cross Society of China
US$143,000
30,000
Wenchuan County
Amity Foundation
7,000 inadequately engineered schoolrooms
tofu-dregs schoolhouses
the one-child policy
7,000 inadequately engineered school
tofu-dregs schoolhouses
legal replacements
The Giving of Love
regulars from the CCTV New Year's Gala
1.5 billion
$1.57 million
"Promise";
The Giving of Love
1.5 billion Chinese Yuan
CCTV
$1.57 million
"Promise"
This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards
foreign aid
This is the first time [that] the Chinese media has lived up to international standards
Los Angeles Times
Tangshan earthquake
"quake lakes"
34
28
7.9
large landslides
quake lakes
34
Entire villages
Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan
foot or air
Mi-26T heavy lift helicopter
200,000
the dam bursting
Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County, Sichuan
Beichuan County, Sichuan
1,200
The State Council
national mourning
Mao Zedong
May 19, 2008
Cars and trucks
three-day
The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay
Ningbo
The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch
Ningbo
The route of the torch through the country
Ruijin, Jiangxi
black and white
advertisements
servers for World of Warcraft
"Long Live China"
Casinos
Ye Zhiping
proactive action
2,323
400,000 yuan (US$60,000)
Sangzao Middle School
Sangzao
An County
three-year
safety checks were to be carried out at schools across China after last month's earthquake
safety checks
Reuters
professional crime
schools across China
Reuters
money
riot police officers
governments in Beijing and Sichuan
sign a document
a package valued at 8,800 USD in cash and a per-parent pension of nearly 5,600 USD
threatened
school collapses
Liu Shaokun
being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion
Sichuan school
suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion
travel to the Shifang
tofu-dregs buildings
re-education through labor
January 2010
2007
massive casualties in schools
China formally requested the support of the international community
offering condolences and assistance
May 14
UNICEF
the magnitude of the quake
$214,000 and $71,000
$71,000
10.7 billion yuan
Red Cross Society of China
Houston Rockets
$26 million
"swift and very efficient"
uncharacteristic openness
secretive
10 days
International Federation of the Red Cross
live earthquake footage from CCTV-1
live earthquake footage from CCTV-1
Channel V had their programmes suspended
Myanmar's ruling military junta's
school construction
its response to the quake
cutting corners in school construction
any reports
poorly built schools
The state-controlled media
propaganda bureau
AP
builders cut corners
thin iron wires
supervising agencies
corrupt government officials
families who lost their only child
arrest
Times
child
New York
New York
New York
New York
New York
New York
five boroughs
1898
8,491,079
305 square miles
23.6 million residents
five
Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island
1898
8,491,079
800
New Amsterdam
Dutch Republic
1790
1664
1785
New York City traces to its 1624 founding as a trading post
1626
1664
1790
56 million
469
Lower Manhattan
120
New York Stock Exchange
Staten Island
Wisconsinan glaciation
glaciation
Lenapehoking
1524
Giovanni da Verrazzano
La Dauphine
France
Nouvelle Angoulême
1524
"Nouvelle Angoulême"
France
1525
captain Estêvão Gomes
Portuguese
Charles V
"La Anunciada"
Rio de San Antonio
Padrón Real
Henry Hudson
Dutch East India Company
1614
ten
Mauritis River
Dutch East India Company
1614
Henry Hudson
Santo Domingo
Jan Rodrigues
trader
Juan Rodriguez Way
1613–1614
Juan Rodriguez
159th Street
Governors Island
Manhattan
1625
Director-General Peter Minuit
1626
1624
1625
$24 worth of glass beads.
New York
King James II
Peter Stuyvesant
Director-General of the colony of New Netherland
1664
Peter Stuyvesant
King William III
August 24, 1673
New Orange
1674
Anthonio Colve
England
Prince of Orange
Second Anglo-Dutch War
200
Run, an Indonesian island
200
Second Anglo-Dutch War
42%
Charleston
Foley Square
a new federal courthouse
Charleston
1990s
1735
Zenger
1754
King George II
King's College in Lower Manhattan
John Peter Zenger
1754
New York
The Battle of Long Island
Brooklyn
August 1776
10,000
1776
Battle of Long Island
Brooklyn
1783
September 11, 1776
Lord Howe
the Great Fire of New York
New York
Trinity Church
Lord Howe
the Great Fire of New York
1785
George Washington
Federal Hall
Wall Street
Philadelphia
Congress of the Confederation
capital
1789
1790
1799
Manhattan
Alexander Hamilton
1799
16,000
1799
1827
Commissioners' Plan
1825
Tammany Hall
Irish
1825
Central Park
1857
landscaped park
Great Irish Famine
200,000
a quarter
25%
revolutions had disrupted societies
Great Irish Famine
200,000
Mayor Fernando Wood
$300 (equivalent to $5,768 in 2016) commutation fee to hire a substitute
Irish
120
10,000
Colored Orphan Asylum
1898
1904
Richmond
1904
1904
1,021
Triangle shirtswaist Factory
1,021
International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union
the Triangle shirtswaist Factory fire
36,620
The Harlem Renaissance
36,620
London
megacity
Fiorello La Guardia
eighty
megacity
1952
Paris
abstract expressionism
United Nations Headquarters
Stonewall Inn
Greenwich Village
June 28, 1969
Lower Manhattan
a police raid
the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan
2000
2010
Silicon Alley
1990s
1970s
1970s
American Airlines Flight 11
United Airlines Flight 175
343
July 19, 1909
54
1909
10
United Airlines Flight 175
September 17, 2011
Zuccotti Park
Zuccotti Park
Financial District
September 17, 2011
William F. Buckley, Jr.
1955
Donald Trump
Republican
Northeastern
southeastern
Boston
Atlantic Ocean
Hudson River
Hudson River
Atlantic Ocean
Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island
New Jersey
Harlem River
The Bronx River
New York Bay
Troy
New Jersey
The Bronx River
The Bronx River
Battery Park City
468.9 square miles
164.1 sq mi
304.8 sq mi
Todt Hill
Staten Island
468.9 square miles
468.9 square miles
304.8
Todt Hill
409.8
Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House
Brooklyn
One World Trade Center
Lower Manhattan
1656
One World Trade Center
5,937
New York City
50 completed skyscrapers
1913
50 completed skyscrapers
Hong Kong
550 completed structures
1931
Art Deco
61st
Seagram Building
AIA New York State
eagles
1931
1930
Bronx
Brooklyn
Queens
1930
Victorian
brownstone rowhouses
Great Fire
six
Jackson Heights
Stone and brick
wooden roof-mounted water towers
July 2014
four
five boroughs
Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx
humid subtropical climate (Cfa)
234
2,535
humid continental climate (Dfa)
uary
humid subtropical climate
234
USDA 7b Plant Hardiness zone
the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colderians
32.6 °F
72%
17 days
July 9, 1936
106 °F
July 9, 1936
1934
1,270 mm
66 cm
October 29, 2012
49.9 inches
Hurricane Sandy
25.8 inches
Parks and Recreation
New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
National Park Service
New York City
New York City
Minneapolis
26,000 acres
9,000 acres
Fort Tilden
Jacob Riis Park
salt marsh
26,000 acres
the National Park Service
's Tomb
Greenwich Village
gay rights
National Park Service
New Jersey
New Jersey
Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village
's Tomb
seven
28-acre
(21 m)
seven
69 feet (21 m)
28,000 acres
14 miles
Pelham Bay Park
2,700 acres
28,000 acres
14
Pelham Bay Park
2,700 acres
Fort Hamilton
1825
Brooklyn
North Atlantic Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers
1179th Transportation Brigade
Fort Hamilton
1825
Brooklyn
Queens
8,491,079
Los Angeles
316,000
40%
40%
8,491,079
Los Angeles
40%
100,000
27,858
New York County
28.6%
28.6%
Asians
28.6%
3 percent
44%
Civil War
Asians
44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white)
12 million
Lower East Side
Germans
92%
Irish, Jews, and Italians
12 million
92%
37%
Dominican Republic
74,000
Guyana
37%
New York City
Manhattan
6.3%
New York City
0.3%
2.7 million
550,000
201,000 Polish Americans
65,000
Bronx
2.7 million
20 million
1.5 million
20%
4.8 million
at least 6
1.3 million
Dominican Republic
Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria
El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala
Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, and Brazil
568,903
June 24, 2011
30
568,903 individuals
June 24, 2011
30
59%
3
1.1 million
New York City, over half living in Brooklyn
Islam
Christianity
Judaism
Brooklyn
24%
Islam
0.5 for the city overall and 0.6 for Manhattan
Manhattan
Michael R. Bloomberg
4.6%
$2,749
$2,749
New York City
Silicon Alley
The Atlantic
2014
2012
One out of ten private sector jobs
FDi Magazine
US$914.8 billion
US$1.1 billion
$1,589
$1,969
six
Time Warner Center
an American office building of $1,476 per square foot ($17,104/m2)
"Madison Avenue"
180,000
$11 billion
Omnicom Group
180,000 employees
Omnicom Group and Interpublic Group
19,000
US$5 billion
Brooklyn
US$234 million
Brooklyn
Manhattan
Chocolate
chocolate
Godiva
163,400
5 percent
(US$3.8 billion
US$360,700
22 percent
securities
Wall Street
165 Broadway
$40 billion
19%
NYSE Euronext
Lower Manhattan
Wall Street
46.5 million
400 million square feet
500 million square feet
Manhattan
140 West Street
US$3 billion
300,000 employees
300,000 employees
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
US$2 billion
Roosevelt Island
US$30 million
6
Cornell Tech
51 million
54 million
56.4 million
US$61.3 billion
56.4 million
54 million
I Love New York
1977
New York State Development
I Love New York
1977
I Love New York
Greenwich Village
Macy
Rockefeller Center
Summerstage
Queens
90,000
10%
Anbang Insurance Group
US$1.95 billion
Wal Astoria New York
90,000
Anbang Insurance Group
US$1.95 billion
200
130,000
$7.1 billion
New York City
Sony Music Entertainment
New York City
Seven
25,000
The New York Times
The Wall Street Journal
1919
Alexander Hamilton
More than 200
350
Two
The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times
1919
CBS
NYCTV
Comedy Central
Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central
Manhattan Neighborhood Network
1971
WNET
WNYC
1997
Manhattan Neighborhood Network
1971
WNYC
New York City Department of Education
1.1 million
1,700
nine
1.1 million
nine
New York City Charter School Center
900
half million
three out of five
four
24
600,000
The New York Public Library
The New York Public Library
Queens Borough Public Library
the Brooklyn Public Library
Manhattan
HHC
11 acute care hospitals
$6.7 billion
1.4 million
475,000
1969
five
Bellevue Hospital
Ramanathan Raju, MD
Bellevue Hospital
Bellevue
Ramanathan Raju, MD
Illinois
Ramanathan Raju, MD, a surgeon and former CEO
35,000
New York's Finest
New York City Police Department
35,000
New York's Finest
328
75%
Provo, Utah
2007
328
95.9%
Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards
the Five Families
Five Points
Black Spades
Tokyo Fire Department
Tokyo Fire Department
New York's Bravest
New York City Fire Department
New York City Fire Department
11,080 uniformed firefighters
3,300
New York's Bravest
subway
brush fires
9 MetroTech Center
Staten Island
Downtown Brooklyn
9 MetroTech Center
Brooklyn
Randalls Island
11 Metrotech Center
1940s
1970s
the Harlem Renaissance
jazz
abstract expressionism
hip hop
New York
New York Fashion Week
New York School
New York Fashion Week
Global Language Monitor
1880s
500
42nd Street
Harrigan
2,000
electric lighting
12.21 million
The Great White Way
US$1.27 billion
5.5%
12.21 million
12.21 million
24,000
4,000
nearly one thousand
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
nearly one thousand
1882
MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field
Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field
1882
National Football League
five
forty
Baseball
35
baseball
two
14
73
two
14
Subway Series
MetLife Stadium
Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014
New York Giants
MetLife Stadium
East Rutherford
Super Bowl XLVIII
2014
York Islanders
Newark
Newark
Hockey
New York Islanders
Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks
New York Liberty
1938
New York Liberty
National Invitation Tournament
1938
Knicks
Flushing Meadows-Corona Park
Millrose Games
Belmont Stakes
1930 and 1939
Madison Square Garden
Flushing Meadows-Corona Park
United States Open Tennis Championships
37,866
The Millrose Games
Madison Square Garden
Stickball
Stickball Boulevard
Bronx
New York City Subway system
469
Grand Central Terminal
1.75 billion
Grand Central Station
38.4
54.6%
22%
54.6%
about 90%
38.4 minutes
52%
22%
Port Authority Bus Terminal
7,000
200,000
Port Authority Bus Terminal
John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport
New York's airspace is the busiest
JFK
Newburgh, New York
109 million
Staten Island Ferry
24
8.4
Lower Manhattan
20 million
George Washington Bridge
The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge
suspension bridge
1903
George Washington Bridge
Bergen County
The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge
neo-Gothic
1903
Lincoln Tunnel
1927
1940
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
120,000
Hudson River
Manhattan Island
Jersey City
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
200,000
200,000
21
Citibank
Quinnipiac University
Walk Score
New York City
Catskill Mountains
US$3.2 billion
290 million gallons
20%
north
51
four-year
four years
51
four
the City Record
four-year
Democratic Party
67%
Barack Obama
1924
Calvin Coolidge
Democratic Party
67%
1924
all five boroughs
Democratic
43,523 licensed physicians
Roosevelt Island
127 Nobel laureates
225,000
one million
five million
one-fifth
one-fifth
automobile exhaust
gasoline
Tom Wolfe
Library of Australia
New York's Baruch College
Iceland
Manhattan
Upper West Side
Union Square
New York University
Central Park SummerStage
Fifth Avenue
Manhattan
1959
2012
Upper East Side
Brooklynese
All in the Family
Carroll O'Connor
"New Yawk."
New York City FC
Yankee Stadium
Harrison, New Jersey
Pelé
Hofstra University
two-thirds
20
250
JFK International Airport
Pennsylvania Station
Manhattan
three
PATCO Speedline
Staten Island Railway
New York City Subway
Second Avenue Subway
12,000
Manhattan Island
finance, advertising
finance, advertising
finance, advertising
Wall Street, Madison Avenue
rush hour
southwestern
northern New Jersey, Westchester County, Long Island, and southwestern Connecticut
Long Island
west end
Long Island
Structural Expressionism
Structural Expressionism
3,715
28%
80%
Hearst Tower
Massachusetts v.
3.5-mile
110,000
Greenpoint oil spill
mayor-council
1898
Second
Manhattan
state Unified Court System
Brooklyn
the District Court for the Eastern District of New York
Foley Square
the District Court for the Eastern District of New York
Manhattan
Manhattan
10021
83 cents
$11.4 billion
$11 billion
New York City Global Partners
2006
1960
Pulitzer Prize
Harper Lee
Harper Lee
1960
author's observations of her family and neighbors
United States
Southern Gothic novel
racial injustice and the destruction of innocence
Deep South
To Kill a Mockingbird
Mary McDonough Murphy
2006
1962
1990
Robert Mulligan
the Bible
Horton Foote
Robert Mulligan
Monroeville, Alabama
February 2016
To Kill a Mockingbird
To Kill a Mockingbird
July 14, 2015
February 2016
Truman Capote
1950
reservation clerk
Alabama
1926
Truman Capote
Huntingdon College in Montgomery
Huntingdon College in Montgomery
Lippincott
Go Set a Watchman
Therese von Hohoff Torrey
Tay Hohoff
mental illness
lawyer
To Kill a Mockingbird
July 11, 1960
over two and a half years
Reader's Digest Condensed Books
Maycomb, Alabama
three years
three
Jem
Maycomb, Alabama
Great Depression
Jean Louise Finch
Mayella Ewell
Tom Robinson
Scout, Jem, and Dill
Mayella and her father, Bob Ewell
the colored balcony
the colored balcony
shot and killed
Atticus
Halloween
Atticus
Bob Ewell
Boo Radley
Sheriff Tate
fell on his own knife
autobiography
1919
25
editor and publisher
Capote were atypical children
1960
Cold Blood
Truman Persons
Underwood
atypical children
10 years old
Walter Lett
Emmett Till
Civil Rights Movement
to display Southern prejudices
Emmett Till
Satire and irony
parody, satire, and irony
in the church basement
Calpurnia
makes a tardy entrance onstage
ham costume
Southern Gothic
"Gothic"
Atticus
Miss Maudie
separations of race and class
1955
race relations
poor white
punishment
death
poor white farmers
seventeen
rabid dog
racial injustice
Calpurnia
Aunt Alexandra
Walter Cunham
Jane Austen
individual worth
lower-class
gender and class
people's motives and behavior
morphine
Atticus
courage
Charles Shields
Charles Shields
human dignity
Mayella
Calpurnia and her neighbor Miss Maudie
Calpurnia and her neighbor Miss Maudie
Mrs. Dubose
feminist
Bob Ewell
Atticus
Dolphus Raymond
wyers
aunt Alexandra's "fanatical"
Songbirds
Finch
mockingbird
mockingbird
mockingbirds
that which is innocent and harmless—like Tom Robinson
the Book of the Month Club
Book of the Month Club
40
40
more than 30 million
30 million
40
Scout, Atticus, and Boo
Alice Lee
Scout, Atticus, and Boo
the legal profession
integrity
1997
Alabama State Bar
Atticus
1963
21 of the 100
1963
To Kill a Mockingbird
1966
rape
musement to fury
Little Black Sambo
civil rights movement
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Archulus Persons
Capote
Alice
Capote
Lee's older sister, Alice
1961
41st week
1962
1964
Pulitzer Prize
1964
2001
25
Chicago mayor Richard M. Daley
Chicago
25
University of Notre Dame
President George W. Bush
November 5, 2007
University of Notre Dame
President George W. Bush
1962
Gregory Peck
Best Actor for Gregory Peck
pocket
Peck's grandson
Harper—she feels deeply, but she's not a sentimental person about things
Peck's grandson
May 2005
Veronique
Author Albert Murray
1990
Monroeville
townspeople
raciated
Westshire Playhouse in Leeds
Regent's Park Open Air Theatre in London
Duncan Preston
July 14, 2015
1957
20 years
Tonja Carter
Go Set a Watchman
1957
20 years
rape and racial inequality
Atticus Finch
narration
flashback
all Southerners
safety and comfort in the neighborhood
Southern romantic regionalism
fine guys with good sense who do the best they can with what they have
The South itself, with its traditions and taboos
Tom Robinson
someone with an inner goodness that must be cherished
Scout, when you finally see them."
every character has to face, or even suffer innocence
Kill a Mockingbird
Granville Hicks
Flannery O'Connor
William Faulkner
Jane Austen
Alabamian Allen Barra
Ajayi
Calpurnia
black students
poor rural "white trash"
the harsh reality of inequality
an act of protest
"Mockingbird groupies"
Moneybird groupies
the Sun
Solar energy
solar heating, photo thermal energy
radiant light and heat from the Sun
174,000 terawatts
30%
3.5 to 7.0
174,000 terawatts
30%
150 to 300 watts per square meter
clouds, oceans and land masses
71%
14
photosynthesis
71%
Warm air containing evaporated water
rain onto the Earth's surface
water condensation
photosynthesis green plants
3,850,000
one year
3,000 EJ per year
one year
3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year
3,000 EJ per year
coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium
the Sun
passive or active
capture
geothermal and tidal
direct or indirect way
supply side technologies
passive
solar thermal collectors
solar thermal collectors
convert sunlight into useful outputs
selecting materials with favorable thermal properties
Frank Shuman
1908
1912
a U.S. inventor
1897
steam engine
1908
1912
Maadi, Egypt
22,000
1970s
Maadi, Egypt
parabolic troughs
Nile River
outbreak of World War I
the 1970s
60 °C
sunlight
60 to 70%
evacuated tube collectors
unglazed plastic collectors
154 thermal gigawatt
Israel and Cyprus
154 thermal gigawatt (GWth)
Israel and Cyprus
90%
United States, Canada and Australia
30%
30% (4.65 EJ/yr)
50%
Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies
Thermal
heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy
stone, cement and water
absorbing solar energy during the day
climate
auxiliary heating and cooling equipment.
passive solar ventilation system
a passive solar ventilation system
a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building
using glazing and thermal mass materials
winter
Deciduous trees
1/3 to 1/2
interfere with winter solar availability
east and west
1767
315 °C
cooking, drying and pasteurization
box cookers, panel cookers
Horace de Saussure
90–150 °C
direct light
114
more cost-effective
parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors
Solar Total Energy Project
evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water
Clothes lines, clotheshorses
perforated sun-facing walls used for preheating ventilation air
1872
Solar distillation
16th-century Arab alchemists
1872
22,700 L
single-slope (or greenhouse type)
World Health Organization
several hours
a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage
Over two million
toxic chemicals
waste water without chemicals or electricity
algae may produce toxic chemicals
2050
2050
Mojave Desert
2013
GeneralS CSP installation, in the Mojave Desert of California
Mojave Desert of California
Agua Caliente Solar Project, in the United States, and the 221 MW Charanka Solar Park
Charles Fritts
1954
a pure niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source
converts light directly into electricity
Charles Fritts
Dr Bruno Lange
Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin
power generation or energy
lenses or mirrors
conventional power plant
parabolic trough
concentrating technologies
Megaron House
orientation relative to the Sun
well-lit spaces
Socrates' Megaron House
pumps, fans and switchable windows
Urban heat islands
3
Urban heat islands
asphalt and concrete
paint buildings and roads white and plant trees
fruit walls
grape presses
optimize the productivity of plants
timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing
fruit walls
thermal masses
Roman times
16th
convert solar light to heat
convert solar light to heat
to produce cucumbers year-round
Europe
The World Solar Challenge
90.87 kilometres per hour (56.46 mph)
biannual solar-powered car race
1987
67 kilometres per hour (42 mph)
90.87 kilometres per hour
North American Solar Challenge and the planned South African Solar Challenge
1975
1975
Kenichi Horie
sun21 catamaran
40 feet (12 m)
Solar impulse
29 April 1979
29 April 1979
July 1981
North Carolina
36 hours
hydrogen production from protons
Solar chemical processes
artificial photosynthesis
Solzinc
zinc,
Hydrogen production technologies
regeneration
Solzinc
heat at domestically useful temperatures
Thermal mass systems
water, earth and stone
store solar energy
thermal
Dover, Massachusetts
paraffin wax and Glauber's salt
64 °C or 147 °F
The "Dover House"
low-cost
1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh)
transmission grid
rechargeable batteries
Net metering programs
rolling back' the meter whenever the home produces more electricity than it consumes
Most standard meters accurately measure in both directions
hydroelectric power generator
water pumped
water pumped
1973
oil embargo
Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program in the US and the Sunshine Program in Japan
SERI, now NREL
Sunshine Program
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems
the 1920s
20% per year
1890s
falling petroleum prices
20%
154 GW
International Energy Agency
International Energy Agency
glass in building
solar waterers
ISO 9050
ISO 10217
passive solar or active solar
concentrated solar power and solar water heating
orienting a building to the Sun
559.8 EJ
1,575–49,837 exajoules (EJ)
large magnitude of solar energy
United Nations Development Programme
reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible
mitigating global warming
learning investments
lower
geography, time, cloud cover, and the land available to humans limits
areas that are closer to the equator have a greater amount of solar radiation
photovoltaics
during the nighttime there is little solar radiation on the surface of the Earth
clouds block incoming light from the sun
solar panels can only be set up on land that is unowned
suitable place for solar cells
insolation, cloud cover, and the land that is usable by humans
1,575–49,837 EJ per year
conversion of sunlight into electricity
Solar power
lenses or mirrors
focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam
PV converts light into electric current
Sunlight
Greeks
the south
black balloon
air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force
toy market
the surface-area to payload ratio
coal would soon become scarce
availability, economy, and utility of coal and petroleum
2060
de-carbonizing the global economy
Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire
Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism
Sarazm
1991
1992 to 1997
the Oxus civilization, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism
Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire
1991
1992 to 1997
1939
260,000
60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%)
Real disturbances
clan loyalties
30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition
Emomali Rahmon
persecution, increased poverty and in other former Soviet republics
Russian border troops
Dushanbe Airport
Ayni Air Base
to conduct joint training missions
3
2015
November 2010
Islamic militarism in the east of the country
republic
Kokhir
Murodali
November 1994
People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan
obstructed from reporting on controversial events
public criticism
direct protest
local and foreign websites including avesta.tj, Tjknews.com, ferghana.ru
Tajikistan
Pamir range
southern slopes above the Kofarnihon valley
Central Asia
Tajikistan
"embroiled in twentieth-century
Land of the Tajiks
"place of" or "country"
"embroiled inentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia."
650–680
Umayyads
The Samanid Empire
Khorasan
650–680
Umayyads
650–680
The Samanid Empire
Umayyads
The Samanid Empire
Khorasan
Khorasan
650–680
710
Kara-Khanid Khanate
819 to 999
the late 19th century's Imperial Era
Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand
gaining access to a supply of cotton
took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan
Russian Empire
an Islamic social movement
the Russians
1910 and 1913
forced conscription during World War I
guerrillas throughout Central Asia
basmachi
Bolsheviks
Islam, Judaism, and Christianity
Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
southern region
collectivization of agriculture
collectivization
Moscow
nearly 10,000
Ethnic Russians
grew from less than 1% to 13%
Ethnic Russians were sent in to replace those expelled
PDPT lose four seats in Parliament
corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment
polling "failed to meet many key OSCE commitments
minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik
Central Asia
8 million
Central Asia
China
Wakhan Corridor
China
8 million
Central Asia
Pakistan lies to the south
Uzbekistan
about 500 BCE
the Achaemenid Empire
Alexander the Great
Kushan Empire
eighth century
Arabs
Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism
9.6%
aluminium production
Cotton
Tajik Aluminum Company
the government
hydropower potential
Nurek Dam
transmit 1000 MW of surplus electricity from Tajikistan to Pakistan
US$1.25
$2.1 billion US dollars
from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid
World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006
opium poppy
UNODC, and cooperation with the US, Russian, EU and Afghan authorities
heroin and raw opium
strengthen border crossings, provide training, and set up joint interdiction
roads, air, and rail
Iran and Pakistan
Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan
2009
26
Dushanbe International Airport
mainly to Russia
Khorog Airport
7,145
70%
70% are under the age of 30 and 35%
Tajik (a dialect of Persian)
Tajikistanis
Pamiri
linguistically and culturally
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province
Sunni Islam
a secular state
Al-Fitr and Idi
98%
religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere.
religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere
Hizb ut-Tahrir
an overthrow of secular governments
the State Committee on Religious Affairs (SCRA) and with local authorities
a charter, a list of 10 or more members
a physical structure
large fines and closure of place of worship
extremely underdeveloped and poor
104,272
1%
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
11
a 12-year system
Khujand State University
17%
humans and their societies in the past and present.
cultural anthropology
linguistic anthropology
biological or physical anthropology
the United States
1870
1969
1902
1965
empirical foundation
anthropological societies
international
theorists
48
13
the late 19th and early 20th centuries
gender equality and sexual liberation
cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques
19th-century racial ideology
cultural relativism, holism, and the use of findings to frame cultural critiques
humanities, social, and natural sciences
Anthropology
Anthropology
Classical Greece and Persia
cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies
structuralist and postmodern theories
the 1970s and 1990s
nature and production of knowledge
archaeology and biological anthropology
cohesion
Sociocultural anthropology
social anthropology
social structures
hard-and-fast
Cultural anthropology
cultural symbols and values
Ethnography
Participant observation
emic
moderates reductionism
kinship
consumption and exchange
kinship
language
law and conflict resolution
Archaeology
human behavior and cultural practices
the evidence left behind by past human groups
Ethnoarchaeology
the cultural and material lives of past societies
anthropological problems
sociocultural processes
Linguistic
sociolinguistics, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, semiotics
art
painting','sculpture', or 'literature'
evident 'aesthetic' qualities
1983
specific 'aesthetics'
Étienne Serres
1850
1850
France
The Société Ethnologique de Paris
comparative methods developed in the earlier 19th century
similarities
processes or laws unknown to them
the epiphany of everything they had begun to suspect.
through comparison of species he had seen in agronomy and in the wild.
Darwin and Wallace unveiled evolution in the late 1850s
bring it into the social sciences
Paris
the Société de biologie
Transformisme
neurosurgeon
Biological anthropology
speech center
psychology
six
the science of the nature of man
anthropology
comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology
empirical, gathered by experimentation
civilization
British ethnologists
1863
anthropology
the French Société
Waitz
the majority of the world's higher educational institutions
subdivisions
Practical anthropology
recreate the final scene
three dozen
Media anthropology
ethnographies of newsrooms in newspapers, journalists in the field, film production
1990s
media reception
cyber anthropology
Visual anthropology
visual anthropology
sandpaintings, tattoos, sculptures and reliefs
ethnographic film
Economic
historic, geographic and cultural
the discipline of economics
Bronislaw Malinowski
exchange
the traditional concerns of anthropology
history and colonialism
Sahlins
the peasantry
industrial (and post-industrial) capitalism
Applied Anthropology
change or stability
direct action
anthropology
participating
a critical perspective
pondering why, if a key development goal is to alleviate poverty
increasing
a gap
externally driven
Kinship
anthropology
"d", "descent groups", "linenes", "cognates", and even "fictive kinship"
one's social relations during development
marriage
feminist anthropology
male bias
mainstream feminist theory
the construction of gender across societies.
birth anthropology
Nutritional
culture
globalization
Nutritional status
human development
Psychological anthropology
humans' development and enculturation
history, language, practices
emotion, perception, motivation
constrain
Cognitive
Cognitive anthropology
experimental psychology and evolutionary biology
implicit knowledge
Political anthropology
structure of societies
the 1960s
"complex"
Geertz
Cyborg
1993
the Society for the Social Studies of Science
Donna Haraway
modern technological systems that have reflexively shaped notions of what it means to be human beings
Environmental anthropology
political ecology
culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more.
corporate
Hyde Park
examining historical records
various ethnic groups
Ethnostory
documents and manuscripts
Practitioners
Urban anthropology
traditional anthropologists were notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition
agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition
two principle approaches
social issues
human–animal studies
Anthrozoology
anthropology, ethology, medicine, psychology, veterinary medicine and zoology
positive effects of human-animal relationships
anthropology, sociology, biology, and philosophy
Evolutionary anthropology
natural science and social science
past and present
scientific
past and present
Ethical
mutilation
racism, slavery, and human sacrifice
man
To illustrate the depth of an anthropological approach
the allied war effort
Nazi, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan
armed forces
intelligence
communist sympathies
the state
secret briefings
Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth
AAA
host governments
the US military
the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan
the Human Terrain System (HTS)
Iraq
disciplinary ethics
Biological
human universals
into the field
a community
genetic
time periods and geographic regions
relevant cultural traditions
tool types
geographers
comparative method
"other cultures"
space (non-European/non-Western societies)
European/non-Western societies
Ulf Hannerz
in late 1960s
etnographic research in the North Atlantic region
a single locale
the daily life of ordinary people
scientific laboratories, social movements
scientific laboratories, social
wounded in an attempted assassination
távora family and the Duke of Aveiro
Jesuits
1759
Count of Oeiras
1770
until Joseph I's death in 1779
autocracy
no opposition
crushing opposition, suppressing criticism, and furthering colonial economic exploitation
Napoleon
1815
Brazil
Brazil was declared a Kingdom and the Kingdom of Portugal
the 20th century
Portugal
Liberal Revolution of 1820
Porto
1815
the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family
the turn of the 20th century
1884
this period and beyond
to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent
Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito,
1 February 1908
14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902
Manuele, Duke of Braganza
5 October 1910
Political instability and economic weaknesses
António de Oliveira Salazar
1933
five
colonial empire
United Nations, the Eurozone, OEC, NATO and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries
unitary semi-presidential republican
18th highest
France, Spain and Italy
decriminalized the usage of all common drugs
to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors.
Christian Kingdom of Asturias
Battle of Covadonga
722 AD
Reconquista Cristã
dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring
King Alfonso III
868 AD
First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal)
Portucale, Portugale
dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms
Kingdom of Leon
Galician
Spanish
Castilian
Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef, Count von Daun
Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo
The Queen consort of Portugal
Count von Daun
King John V of Portugal
earthquakes
marching troops
no epidemics
buildings and big squares
designing an inquiry that was sent to every parish in the country
the Portuguese Republic
Southwestern Europe
Atlantic Ocean
1,214 km (754 mi)
the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira
the Portuguese Republic
Southwestern Europe
Spain
Atlantic Ocean
Portugal–Spain border
The Celts
Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic
1139
Age of Discovery
15th and 16th
Lisbon
Brazel
1910
Macau
250 million
Portus Cale
Pre-Celts and Celts
Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes
45 BC until 298 AD
Alankerk
27 BC
Gallaecia
Conímbriga and Mirobriga
hill forts
16 km
a few months
711
750
Abd-Rahman I
almost two centuries
Emir of their provinces
Christian kingdoms
Taifa of Badajoz
1086
Battle of Sagrajas
Muwallad or Muladi
noblemen from Oman
Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa
Algarve
800
García
Ordoño
Fruela
910
1230
1348 and 1349
England
Portugal made an alliance with England
NATO
Oporto
Discovery
King João I
the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde
Cape of Good Hope
Brazil
increased
Prime Minister
Sebastião de Melo
Sebastião de Melo
Sebastião de Melo
economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity.
to ensure the wine's quality
high nobility
Sebastião de Melo
imposing strict law upon all classes of Portuguese society from the high nobility to the poorest working class
April 1974
independence of the overseas territories in Africa and Asia
social turmoil and power disputes between left- and right-wing political forces.
Junta de Salvação Nacional
Portuguese Socialist Party
Mário Soares
1976 to 1978
socialism and adherence to the neoliberal model.
1976
to accommodate socialist and communist principles
Mediterranean climate
16–19 °C (60.8–53.6 °F)
16–19 °C (60.8–6 °F)
900 metres (3,000 ft)
subtropical
rough topography
Mediterranean
decius and coniferous
Tertiary
Pyrenean oak
Boars
one national park (Portuguese: Parque Nacional)
subtropical rainforest
fox, badger, iberian wolf
birds
more than 100
Tagus International Park
habitat loss, pollution and drought
the glowing plankton
five
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
230
four-year
thirteen
Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party
national- and local
Socialist Party and the Social Democratic Party
between 5 and 15%
the President of the Republic
five-year
universal suffrage
Head of State of Portugal
The Council of Ministers
define the broad outline of its policies in a programme
an absolute majority of deputies
those countries
a civilian police force who work in urban areas
specialized criminal investigation police
Public Ministry
2001
more than "10 days worth of personal use"
go to a rehab facility
dropped 50 percent
308
3,092
18
three branches
Navy, Army and Air Force
to protect the territorial integrity of the country
7,500
$5.2 billion
21,000
Pandur II
Leopard 2 A6 tanks
paratroopers, commandos and rangers
10,700
World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War
1961
East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon
the Portuguese Armed Forces in Angola and in Guinea-Bissau
Pedro Passos Coelho
improve the State's financial situation
improve the State's financial situation
20%
1974
unclear Public–private partnerships
Gradiva
2007–08
Portuguese banks (Banco and Banco Privado Português (BPP)
bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud
its size, market share, and the political implications
fraud and other crimes
euro
Portuguese Escudo
Banco de Portugal
Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas
Golf Destination
1974
the 1960s
public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector.
textiles, clothing, footwear and cork
cork
European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund
2011
€78 billion
May 2014
15.3
medium-sized family-owned dispersed units
Grupo RAR's Vitacres,
tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables
tomatoes, citrus vegetables,
Ramirez
Ramirez
fish
copper
tin, tungsten and uranium
hydrocarbon
north
the 1974 revolution
Volkswagen Group's Auto Europa and Peugeot Citroen
Alverca, Covil, Évora, and Ponte de Sor
Palmela
Alverca, Covil, Évora, and Ponte de Sor
Lisbon, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro
increase significantly
Eastern European destinations
Travel and tourism continue to be extremely important
health, nature and rural tourism
The Economist
65%
10.2%
"negative"
2011
Plan for Stability and Growth IV
third
Carnation's Revolution
financial weakness
European Union average (62.4 per thousand inhabitants)
62.4
slow and inefficient
Italy
30
Passos Coelho
30,000 jobs will be cut
austerity measures are necessary
European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund
65 to 66
pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses
English
social unrest
the third quarter of 2014
17.7%
7.3%
December 2009
Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra
Fátima
apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children
Porto Santo, and Alentejo
Lisbon
consumption and purchase of new automobiles
motorways
3,000 km (1,864 mi)
1944
89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi)
several
Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja
geographical position
TAP
Spain
Comboios de Portugal
900 km (1,734 mi)
1,430 km (886 mi)
900 km (559 mi)
Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo
35 km (22 mi)
Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris)
over a century
a network of R&D units
INETI – Instituto Nacional de Justiça
Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES)
Gulbenkian de Cições and the Champalimaud Foundation
neuroscience and oncology research centre
one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world
1779
Lisbon Oceanarium
a scientific and technological culture
Science Museum of the University of Coimbra, the National Museum of Natural History at the University of Lisbon
several science parks throughout the world
Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque
advantage of a variety of services
wind and river power
Moura, in the south
the Norte region
66%
Redes Energéticas Nações
predict weather
hydropower plants on its rivers
wind-driven turbines
setting a premium price
10,562,178
52%
48%
(Catholicism
Mouriscos
Paleolithic
45,000 years ago
Paleolithic
Portugal's colonial history
Atlantic Ocean
Angola and Mozambique in 1975
Portuguese
10,617,575
81.0%
Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist
6.8%
8.3%
Christian
13th and 14th
liberal and nascent republican movements
10–26 changed the role and importance of organized religion.
(25 July 1139)
victories for the coming battles
to create an empire
Portuguese
Romance language
Galician-Portuguese
Galician-Portuguese
Latin
Pre-Roman peoples
1415 and 1999
five different continents
Brazil
99 percent
100 percent
35%
50%
1290
Coimbra
Coimbra
Real Academia de Artilharia
Escola-Cirúrgica of Goa
2006
public money
23
developing health policy as managing the SNS
Five
implementing the national health policy objectives
noncommunicable diseases
chaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease
cerebrovascular disease
12%
children as well as among women younger than 44 years
self-reporting at the household level
one third
1990s and 2000s
1956
Lisbon
municipal libraries and concert halls
fifteen
Portuguese late Gothic
composite Portuguese style
20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture
Eduardo Souto de Moura
stadium design
19th century
António Lopes
Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medante, Soraia Chaves,
19th century
António Lopes
Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medante, Soraia Chaves,
Adventurer and poet
Lusíadas" (The Lusiads)
Virgil's Aeneid
neoclassic and contemporary
Almeida Garrett, Camilo Branco
barbecue in Portuguese
grilled sardines
potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish
beef, pork, lamb, or chicken
de sarrabulho (rice stewed in pigs blood)
Francesinha (Frenchie) from Porto
medieval Catholic monasteries
almonds, flour, eggs and some liquor
Belém (or past such pork)
the times of the Romans
Bacchus
Alvarinho douro
Port and Madeira
Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar
Sumol Summer Fest in Ericeira, Rock in Rio
the largest international Goa trance festivals takes place in central Portugal
European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year
2005
Pizarro, Maria João Pires, Se
Carlos Damas, Gerardo Ribeiro and in the past by the great cellist Guilhermina Su
pianist Pizarro, Maria João Pires, Se
Nuno Malo and Miguel d'Oliveira
20th
the Delaunays
Canção Popular a Russa e Fígaro
Amadeo de Oliveira-Cardoso
Football
Eusébio
Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo
FIFA World Player of the Year
André Villas- Fernando Queiroz and Manuel José
Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP
Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP
eight
roller hockey, basketball, futsal, handball
Portuguese Football Federation
8, 1977
hip hop recording
Omari West
June 8, 1977
Roc-Fella Records
Jay-Z and Alicia Keys
The College Dropout
Jay-Z and Alicia Keys
Chicago
producer for Roc-A-Fella Records
2004
seventh album, Yeezus
32 million
100 million
Grammy-awarded
two
Forbes
32 million
21
500 Greatest Albums of All Time
2005 and 2015
Clark Atlanta
Atlanta
Good Water Store and Café
Clark Atlanta University
Polaris High School
Nanjing, China
foreigner
settled in well
age of 10
Nanjing University
poetry
Green Eggs and Ham
No I.D.
writing poetry
Green Eggs and Ham
No I.D.
Chicago's American Academy of Art
20
American Academy of Art
American Academy of Art
20
College Dropout
burgeoning local artists
classic soul
D-Dot
the mid-1990s
mid-1990s
Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie
Go-Getters
Hustle Period
1999
West
Ma$e, Raekwon, and Eminem
Harlem World's first and only album The Movement
Tell 'Em Why U Madd
Roc-Fella Records
The Blueprint
2000
The Blueprint
a rapper
Capitol Records
rapper
portray the gangsta image prominent in mainstream hip hop
Capitol Records
Joe Weinberger
Roc-A-Fella
producer first and foremost
Joe Weinberger
Roc-A-Fella Records
"Through The Wire"
"Through The Wire"
The College Dropout
October 23, 2002
"Through The Wire"
"Through The Wire"
The College Dropout
three
Los Angeles
three
August 2003
number fifteen
two major music
The College Dropout
The College Dropout
The College Dropout
"Slow Jamz"
West 10
GOOD Music
string orchestra
Jon Brion
Late Registration
2.3 million
Portishead
Late Registration
over 2.3 million
Best New Artist
Hurricane Katrina
Rolling Stone
Best New Artist
Mike Myers
Rolling Stone wearing a crown of thorns.
Concert for Hurricane Relief
U2
large arenas
Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash
U2
1980s
The Rolling Stones
Bob Dylan
Graduation
50 Cent's Curtis
957,000
Daft Punk
Graduation
50 Cent's Curtis
Graduation outsold Curtis
Alexis Phifer
motors of "Jesus Walks" and "Never Let Me Down."
2007
Alexis Phifer
Dark Tour
Hawaii
Love Lockdown
Island Def Jam
808s & Heartbreak
Island Def Jam
November 2008
"Love Lockdown"
Roland TR-808 drum machine
Matthew Trammell
Matthew Trammell
MTV Video Music Awards
winner Taylor Swift
Lady Gaga
2009
Lady Gaga
Lady Gaga
52nd Grammy Awards
Hawaii
fashion
Hawaii
Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
54th Grammy Awards
Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
November 2010
"All of the Lights"
GOOD Fridays
Coachella
Jay-Z
Cannes Film Festival in custom pyramid-shaped screening pavilion
Coachella
Watch the Throne
"Niggas in Paris"
2012
Cannes Film Festival
loft's living room at a Paris
Yeezus
Kendrick Lamar
2013
architecture
Yeezus
June 18, 2013
Yeezus
North
Adidas
Rick Rubin
Florence, Allan Kingdom and Paul McCartney
Kim Kardashian
North
Florence
Paul McCartney
Yeezy Season 1
SWISH
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
135,000
So Help Me God slated
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
135,000
February 2, 2016
Waves
Wiz Khalifa
The Life of Pablo
Tidal
"Real Friends"
Waves
Khalifa
Yeezy Season 3
David Bowie
Wu-Tang Clan
chibe Called Quest
David Bowie
Puff Daddy
This Can't Be Life
Jon Brion
string arrangements, piano chords, brass flecks, and horn riffs
Late Orchestration
Jon Brion
Portishead
Graduation (2007)
atmospheric, rock-tinged, electronic-influenced
melody and chord progression
2007
electropop
Gary Numan, TJ Swan and Boy George
dense drums, lengthy strings, droning synthesizers, and somber piano
Boy George
post-punk
Rolling Stone
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
writers
Jon Brion
DJ Toomp
808s & Heartbreak
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
a protest to music
Le Corbusier
2013
a protest to music
Pastelle Clothing line
Air Yeezys
spring 2006
2009
Nike
Louis Vuitton
Kanye West
mixed-negative
March 6, 2012
October 1, 2011
DW Kanye West
March 6, 2012
DW Kanye West
mixed-to-negative
March 6, 2012
Adidas
Yeezy Season 3
Yeezy Boosts
9000
Adidas Yeezy
2015
The Life of Pablo
Fatburger
10 Fatburger
KW Foods LLC, bought the rights to the chain
Fatburger
two
February 2011
KW Foods LLC
GOOD Music
Pusha T
2004
Big Sean
Pusha T
galvanize amazing thinkers in a creative space to bounce their dreams and ideas
Donda West
January 5, 2012
Tidal
Jay Z
low payout of royalties
Tidal
lossless audio and high definition music videos
Jay Z
Spotify
West Foundation
battle dropout and illiteracy rates
"Kanye West Foundation"
2007
Chicago
partnering with communitys to provide underprivileged youth access to music
Ed in '08
August
Donda West Foundation
the foundation ceased operations in 2011
2008
Donda West Foundation
2011
the Millions More Movement,
A Concert for Hurricane Relief
George W. Bush
George W. Bush
September 2, 2005
cut away to Chris Tucker
Bush
"I don't hate Kanye West
Matt Lauer
Kazakhstan
US$3 million
one of the poorest
Kazakhstan
Arizona
human rights concerns
Jimmy Kimmel Live!
an apology
Jimmy Kimmel
Zane
BBC Radio 1
President Obama
Jews
November 26, 2013
December 21, 2013
Bill Cosby
Bill Cosby
Gretchen Wilson
"touch the Sky"
Gretchen Wilson
"touch the Sky"
November 2, 2006
Saturday Night Live
Spears has not had a hit in a long period of time
"Stronger"
"Maybe my skin’s not right."
"Stronger"
Taylor Swift
Barack Obama
President Barack Obama
Taylor
"selfless"
September 2010
November 8, 2010
The Life of Pablo
Beck
Beyoncé
Beck
February 26, 2015
Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award
2020
Michael Vanguard Award
Glastonbury Festival
tossing his faulty microphone in the air and walked off stage.
Change.org
Glastonbury Festival
over 50,000 signatures
Alexis Phifer
Amber Rose
West and Kardashian
two
2002
August 2006
Amber Rose
April 2012
Armenian Apostolic Church at the Cathedral of St. James
58
a third doctor, Jan Adams
7:35 pm
heart disease
Andre Aboolian
Jan Adams
Larry King Live
"coronary artery disease
Ed McPherson
violating patient confidentiality following her death
Larry King Live
January 10, 2008
Oklahoma City
Stop Believin'
Oklahoma City
November 20, 2007
November 22
the Dark tour
New Zealand
New Zealand
Arnold Schwarzenegger
Arnold Schwarzenegger
the "Donda West Law"
Robert "Evel" Knievel
November 2007
Robert "Evel" Knievel
Evel
November 2007
felony vandalism
$20,000
misdemeanor vandalism
September 11, 2008
felony vandalism
Don "Don C." Crowley
$20,000
photographer outside the famous Tup Palace nightclub
November 14, 2008
the Hilton hotel near Gateshead
Tup Palace
West
two years' probation
Daniel Ramos
two years' probation
anger management
250
West fall short every day.
Collegeout
Christian
most important artist of any art form, of any genre
David Bowie
Jon Caramanic
Ben Westhoff
The Guardian
homophobia
hip and pop
middle-class
50 Cent's Curtis
Ben Detrick
influenced by, or complimented, West's work
Famed Tesla Motors CEO and inventor Elon Musk
six songs
over 30 million
all
No. 1
3,086,000
third
30 million
21
Bob Dylan
twice
21
No. 8
May 16, 2008
Man of the Year
Bob Dylan
three's albums
three of West's albums
Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
eighth
The Pitchfork
Yeezus
" Runaway"
President George W. Bush
singer Taylor Swift
clothing and footwear
DONDA
2013
nontheistic
teachings attributed to Gautama Buddha
eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, present-day Nepal
eliminance and craving
ignorance and craving
nontheistic
Gautama Buddha
between the and 4th centuries BCE
Nepal
Gautama Buddha
present-day Nepal
between the and 4th centuries BCE
Gautama Buddha
Four
Indian
Buddha
Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle").
Vajrayana
Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia
Pure Land, Zen Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai
between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million
Nichiren Buddhism
Vajrayana
Vajrayana teachings
Indian siddhas
The School of the Elders
attainment of the sublime state of Nirvana
practicing the Noble Eightfold Path
a state wherein one remains in this cycle to help other beings reach awakening
Buddhahood or rainbow body
Theravada Buddhism
Theravada Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism
the Middle Way
bodhisattva
suffering and rebirth
Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha
giving charity to reduce the greediness
giving charity to reduce the greediness; following ethical precepts
giving charity to reduce the greediness
creator
greediness
Mahayana tradition
Buddhaghoṣa
Buddhacarita, the Lokottastu, and the Sarāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra
unqualified claims
5th century CE
Buddhacarita
Buddha
Buddha's
monastic
5th century CE
Michael Carrithers
birth, maturity, renunciation, awakening and liberation, teaching,
Karen Armstrong
Siddhatta Gotama
disciples
Michael Carrithers
Michael Carrithers
Siddhatta Gotama
fifth century BCE
on the periphery
a small republic
northeastern Indian subcontinent
fifth century BCE
periphery
Siddhārtha Gautama
an oligarch
Siddhārtha Gautama
an elected chieftain
Asita
Siddhartha would either become a great king
become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man
astrologer
Suddhodana
Siddhartha would either become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man
Asita
Suddhodana
great king
prevented him from leaving the palace grounds
29
Śuddhodana was determined to see his son become a king
an old man, a sick man, a corpse
a king
29
ascetic holy man
abandon royal life
a king
29
four sights
corpse
study with famous religious teachers of the day
madhyamā-pratipad
prolonged fasting, breath-holding, and exposure to pain
philosophitive attainments
starved himself
milk and rice
madhyamā-pratipad
provide a permanent end to suffering
milk and rice
anapanasati
Middle Way
35
Ficus religio tree
teaching the path of awakening
80
Jaya Sri Bodhi Tree
Bodhi Tree
Bodhi Tree
35
Bodhi Tree
Ficus religio tree
Bodh Gaya
Jaya Sri Bodhi
the continual cycle of birth and death
ignorance
uffering, anxiety, dissatisfaction
liberation from samsara is possible by following the Buddhist path.
samsara
six realms
ignorance
following the Buddhist path.
the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death
six realms
psychological
avidya (ignorance)
following the Buddhist path.
action, work
action, work
sīla
body, speech or
action, work
sīla
Sanskrit
"seeds"
action, work
sīla
res
Theravada
Lotus Sutra, the Aṅya Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
Buddhism
Amitābha
Theravada Buddhism
Amitābha
Mahayana sutras
negative
Genshin
Amitābha
Rebirth
anattā (Sanskrit anātman)
the laws of cause and effect (karma)
conception to death
karma
Rebirth
anattā (Sanskrit anātman)
pratītyasamutpāda
unchanging, eternal soul
skilled Buddhist practitioners
skilled Buddhist practitioners
31
Śuddhara Worlds or Pure Abodes
anāmis
formless realms
arūpajhānas
31
anāmis
arūpajhānas
non-returners
East Asian and Tibetan
Theravada
Samy
intermediate state (Tibetan "bardo")
Theravada
Tian "bardo"
East Asian
East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism
orthodox Theravada position
Samyutta
the Four Noble Truths
dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome
the Four Noble Truths
uffering
Four Noble Truths
(suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness
the nature of Dukkha
"suffering", "anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease"
the nature of Dukkha
"anxiety", "unsatisfactoriness", "unease"
atisfactoriness
three
uffering
Dukkha
three
craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance
craving
complete cessation
a path to this cessation
the origin of dukkha can be known
craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance
ignorance
the origin of dukkha can be known.
ignorance
the true nature of things
dukkha
The Noble Eightfold Path
the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths
Right View (or Right Understanding)
the fourth
eight
Right Concentration
Right Intention (or Right Thought)
the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths
eight
, Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Speech, Right Action
Ajahn Sucitto
stages
mental, spoken, and bodily
Ajahn Sucitto
yoga practice of his Kalama
without egotism
brahmaviharas, divine abodes
mettā
some attitudes towards all sentient beings
Kalama
egotism
love, compassion, joy
Pema Chödrön
meditation
his enment
the Middle Way
enment
Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism
discourage
Buddhist scholars
doctrinal
liberation
suffering (dukkha)
nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā nā
liberation
clinging
three
all compounded or conditioned
in the aging process
impermanent
Everything
ceasing to be
saṃsāra
suffering
suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow,
"suffering"
realistic
Buddhism
"disquietude"
"disquietude"
umpass its full range of meaning.
Not-self
suffering
identical
neither the respective parts nor the person as a whole comprise a self
Not-self
an approach for gaining release from suffering
"I have no Self"
(skandhas
prat Jurismutpāda
dependent origination
Buddhist
Nidānas
continuation of the cycle of suffering
Twelve Nidānas
, foundation, source or origin
Twelve Nidānas
Nidānas
by attaining Nirvana
ignorance
absence of the others
Sentient beings
duk
attaining Nirvana
ignorance
śūnyatā, or "emptiness"
ptiness
ātman
widn-nature" or "self-nature"
Sarvastivada teachings
Vasuba and Asanga
cittamatra
Vasuba and Asanga
inseparability of the clarity and emptiness
perfected spiritual insight
Sakya school
Jonang school
Tathāgata sutras
Nirvana
Awakening
arahant
Bodhi
nirvana
raga
hate
delusion
bodhisattva
buddha
nirvana
parinirvana
Buddha
Samsara
suffering
28
Maitreya
celestial
reality
human, animal, ghost, or other being
Bodhi
anagami
Dharmakaya
the Buddha
Mahayana sutras
existence
monks
śūnyatā
bodhisattvas
utmost trust in the salvific "other-power"
Pure Land Buddhism
Amitabha Buddha
Gautama Buddha
Buddha era
Gautama Buddha
Gautama Buddha
Mahayana Buddhists
Theravada
Pure Land Buddhism
lightenment being
bodhicitta
Mahāyāna
Mahāyāna "Great Vehicle"
Mahayana
Mahayana
bodhisattva vow
dāna, śīla, kṣanti, vīrya, dhyāna, and prajñā
14th
Buddhists
bowing, offerings, pilgrimage, and chanting
meditationtive
Buddha
Brahminic
liberating
the Yogis
mindfulness and clear awareness
vision
Buddha's meditationtive techniques
"transcendent wisdom"
Buddhist texts
Buddhist texts
Upanishads
meditation
contemplative
Nasadiya Sukta
taking refuge in the Three Jewels
Majjhima
Tibetan
essence
the Three Jewels
Gautama Buddha
The Dharma
Sangha
Śīla
pāramitā
precepts
Śīla
precepts
overall principles of ethical behavior
precepts
asceticism
training rules
ethical
lower heavens
the third precept
celibacy
tenth
the seventh precept
ten
Vinaya
227
vinapitaka
counts
life
the higher attainments
"islands unto themselves"
Mahayana Brahmajala Sutra
meat
Japan
Chán
jhānas
right concentration
samādhi
defilement
thāna
passanā
insight
idea
jhāna
mind
disturbed
ñāna
prajñā
understanding
craving
defilements
suffering and stress
Nibbāna
Four
bodhi
Prajā
sermons
deep in meditation, listening to a sermon, conducting in discourse
conceptual understanding
zen
Zen Buddhism
Zen
spiritual
two
Rinzai (, a meditative riddle or puzzle) and Sōtō
Zen Buddhist teaching
Formless Self
Thinking and thought
Vajrayana or "Diamond Vehicle"
"Diamond Vehicle"
Tantric
Vajrayāna
first millennium BCE
morality on rebirth
ascetic religious and philosophical groups
non-Vedic
Greater Magadha
Rajagrha
2nd or 3rd centuries BCE
Upanishads
Pakudha Kaccayana
Ajnanas
Jains
Vedic animal sacrifice
the cosmic man
animal sacrifices
Brahmins
reliability of these sources
insight
Rupa Jhanas
Majjhima Nikaya 36.
rebirth
karma
dāna
meditative practices
fourth jhana
liberating insight
linear
Sanskrit
Nikayas
"Nibbāna"
the middle way
the eightfold path
prajna, or "liberating insight"
liberating insight
person
three
five
Early Buddhism
Sectarian Buddhism
Mahayana Buddhism
Vajrayana Buddhism
Pre-sectarian Buddhism
rebirth
Noble Path
Buddhist
Āna
, Ānanda, a cousin of the Buddha and his personal attendant
Ānanda
the Second Council
the Second Council
100 BCE
Mahāsāṅhikas
Mahasanghika
vinaya
Sthaviras
monasteries
doctrinal disagreements
Abhidharma
summaries or numerical lists
3rd century BCE
Mahasanghika
Prajāpāramitā
Āndhra
Prajñāpāramitā
1st century BCE
Āndhra country
third
South
Buddhism
Vinaya or ordination lineage
monasteries
Mahāyāna texts
Lokakṣema
Prajñāpāramitā
1st
Madhyamaka, Yoga
Buddhist Logic
Yogacara
Ashoka
stūpas (Buddhist religious memorials)
Buddhism religious memorials
west
missionaries
accompanied by Buddhist missionaries
Persian and Greek civilization
Menander
3rd
3rd century BCE
2nd century CE
2nd century CE
Korea and Japan
Indian period of Esoteric Buddhism
Buddhist
teachings of the Buddha
Buddhist community
progressive
Modern influences increasingly lead to new forms of Buddhism
the second half of the 20th Century
-Buddhism
Soka Gakkai
Creation Society
Soka Gakkai International (SGI)
Soka Gakkai International
Buddhism
China
244 million
360 million
150 million
Seven million
138 million
495 million
487 million
less vehicle
Hina
concepts
Buddhist ecumenical organization
Theravada
Sthāvirīya
Pali Canon
the west
Theravadin
merit
Nā University
Mahayana Sutras
the Buddha himself
Lotus Sutra and the Mahaparinirvana Sutra
Northern Buddhism
Northern Buddhism
Pure Land school of Mahayana
Saivism
Buddhists
Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra
Buddhist
objects
text
āgamas
common core
size and complexity of the Buddhist canons
the Dhammapada
Buddhist
Theravada
Zen
The Buddha and His Dhamma
Pāli Tipitaka
Pāli Tipitaka
Vinaya Pitaka
Sutta Pitaka
Sutta Pitaka
Pāli Tipitaka
five or seven
Mahākaśyapa (Pāli: Mahākassapa)
to record the Buddha's teachings
Upāli
Ānanda
Buddha's personal attendant
Theravadin
Theravadins
Mahayana sutras
Mahayana sutras
Sarvastivada Abhidharma
Mahayana sutras
motivation to liberate all living beings
Mahāyāna
Mahayana sutras
Mahayana sutras
Mahayana tradition
six hundred
East Asian Buddhism
after the 5th century CE
Hina
Theravada
Sri Lanka
Theravada
Hinayāna, the Inferior Way
Śrāvakayāna
Buddhism
ethics
moral and spiritual
Christianity
scientific thought
Buddhism
Buddhism
Simon Fuller
19 Entertainment
2002
Pop Idol
Fox
19 Entertainment
Pop Idol
Simon Fuller
19 Entertainment
June 11, 2002
Pop Idol
Randy Jackson
Brian Dunkleman
Jennifer Lopez
Ryan Seacrest
Brian Dunkleman
Randy Jackson
Jennifer Lopez
Randy Jackson
Paula Abdul
Simon Cowell
Keith Urban
Connick, Jr
345
Kelly Clarkson
a rival TV executive
Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson
345
a rival TV executive
May 11, 2015
May 11, 2015
2003–04
eight consecutive years
May 11, 2015
American Idol
Simon Fuller
2001
Simon Cowell
Lythgoe
American Idol
Nigelgoe
telephone voting by the viewing public
2001
Lythgoe
seven consecutive seasons
2002
2001
his daughter Elisabeth
Rupert Murdoch
The Search for a Superstar
eight
four
Angie Martinez
Stryker
four
Randy Jackson
Angie Martinez
season eight
KaraGuardi
Ellen DeGeneres
two
2010
The X Factor
KaraGuardi
season nine
January 11, 2010
Ellen DeGeneres
January 11, 2010
two
Shania Twain
season three
season eight
season nine
Richie and Robin Gibb
season eight
season three
Ryan Seacrest
Dunkleman
Randy Jackson
Scott Borchetta
song choice and performance
Jimmy Iovine
Randy Jackson
Randy Jackson
twenty-eight
The initial age limit was sixteen to twenty-four
semi-final stage
a few hundred
audition in front of the judges
a few hundred
audition in front of the judges
at least three sets
producers
audition in front of the judges
season ten
two and three
seasons two and three, contestants were also asked to write original lyrics or melody
seasonelve
three rounds
group round
two and three
Las Vegas
Sudden Death round
season thirteen
178 million
season ten
Telescope Inc
the semi-finals onwards
Over 110 million votes
Over 110 million
12 finalists
wildcard round
different groups to perform individually in their respective night
individually
seasons
ten
12
twenty-four
by gender in order to seven and nine.
six
six
twenty-four
three wildcards
three wildcards
highest female
thirty
season eight
three contestants
three wildcards
three
CBS Television City in front of a live studio audience
Jimmy Iowie the contestants sing one song each week
thirteen
eight weeks
CBS Television City in front of a live studio
Jimmy Iowie the contestants sing one song each week
one song each week
top four or five onwards
In the eighth, ninth, tenth, and fourteenth seasons
"The save" can only be used once, and only up through the top five
safety
season six
fourteenth season
the contestants in danger of elimination
" Fan Save"
a five-minute window
the fourteenth season
Nokia Theatre
3,400
The finale
Dolby Theatre
3,400
over 6,000
Gibson Amphitheatre
19 Management
Big Machine Records
three months
a record deal with a major label
American Idol-affiliated 19 Management
Big Machine Records
golden
golden ticket
viewing public
season seven
Ray Chew
season ten
Rickey Minor
Rickey Minor
Rickey Minor
season seven
Fox
2002
Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman
June 2002
Fox
Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman
121 contestants were selected from around 10,000 who attended the auditions
around 10,000
Jim Verraros
Tamyra Gray
in the hospital
121
30
Delano Cagnolatti
the top four
Christina Christian
September 4, 2002
Justin Guarini
September
Justin Guarini
Justin Guarini
September 4, 2002
A Moment Like This
From Justin to Kelly
23 million
coronation song
coronation song
A Moment Like This
"A Moment Like This"
From Justin to Kelly
more than 23 million
2003
Kristin Adams
January 2003
Kristin Adams was a correspondent for this season.
Paula Abdul
Frenchie Davis
Corey Clark
Jaered Andrews
Corey Clark
Frenchie Davis
Corey Clark
Ruben Studdard
24 million
Ruben Studdard
24 million votes
Nigelgoe
Ruben Studdard
Ruben Studdard
134,000 votes
134,000 votes
Aiken
"Flying Without Wings"
Josh Gracin
"Flying Without Wings"
ing Without Wings
This Is the Night
The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin
Josh Gracin
2004
William Hung
William Hung
January 19, 2004
Ricky Martin
William Hung
Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson
Hudson
Elton John
John Stevens
Three Divas
Hudson
Elton John
John Stevens
Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo
"I Believe"
Dreams
"I Believe"
Simon Cowell
Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo
Fantasia
"I Believe"
Nikko Smith
Nikko Smith
Freemantle Media
Vazquez
top 11
postponed until the following night
2005
65 million
Your Heaven
Carrie Underwood
May 2005
Carrie Underwood
Your Heaven
65 million
Season five
Brittenum twins
Season five
January 17, 2006
Brittenum twins
Chris Daughtry
Chris Daughtry
Chris Daughtry
Chris Daughtry
lead singer
Chris Daughtry
Live's version of "I Walk the Line"
not crediting the arrangement to Live
Taylor Hicks
I Make You Proud
My Destiny
May 30, 2006
Taylor Hicks
I Make You Proud
My Destiny
Chris Daughtry
Daughtry
Chris Daughtry
Daughtry
January 16, 2007
37.3 million
January 16, 2007
37.3 million
Sanjaya Malakar
Howard Stern
Vote for the Worst
April 18
Sanjaya Malakar
Sanjaya Malakar
unusual elimination
Vote for the Worst
Howard Stern
April 18
Idol Gives Back telethon
$76 million
Melinda Doolittle
Idol Gives Back telethon-inspired event
Stacey and Chris Richardson
Melinda Doolittle
Jordin Sparks
Jordin Sparks
May 23
May 23
Jordin Sparks
Jordin Sparks
2005
100,000 from the 10,000
28
Season four
season
January 18, 2005
high definition
100,000
28
2007
This Is My Now
performed by both finalists during the finale
American Idol
"coronation song"
20
This Is My Now
May 24, 2007
2008
David Hernandez
Carly Smithson
January 15, 2008
David Hernandez
prior recording as a stripper
David Hernandez
"Billie Jean"
David Cook
Chris Cornell
March 11, 2008
March 11, 2008
Chris Cornell
David Cook
David Archuleta
season ten
"Hallelujah"
Jason Castro
iTunes
John Lennon's "Imagine"
Jennifer Lopez
Jason Castro
Jeff Buckley
iTunes
David Cook
David Cook
May 21, 2008
David Cook
The Time of My Life
The Time of My Life
2008
The Time of My Life
May 2008
2009
Danny Gokey
president of alternative programming
January
January 13, 2009
Mike Darnell
Danny Gokey
KaraGuardi
two weeks
Think You Can Dance
Kodak Theatre
global recession
fourth judge, KaraGuardi
KaraGuardi
So You Can Dance
Kodak Theatre
Idol Gives Back
13
Matt Giraud
two
two were eliminated
Lil Rounds and Anoop Desai
13
two
Matt Giraud
Kris Allen and Adam Lambert
Kris Allen and Adam Lambert
Arkansas
100 million
Kris Allen and Adam Lambert
Allen won the contest in the most controversial voting result
Kris Allen and Adam Lambert
AT&T employees
"No Boundaries"
DioGuardi
"No Boundaries"
DioGuardi
gold album status
none
January 12, 2010
DeGeneres
at the start of Hollywood Week
January 12, 2010
Ellen DeGeneres
DeGeneres
January 12, 2010
Crystal Bowersox
Ken Warwick
fell ill due to diabetic ketoa
Crystal Bowersox
the top 20 week
schedule
Ken Warwick
producer
Michael Lynche
April 21, 2010
Adam Lambert
raised $45 million
Michael Lynche
Adam Lambert
Simon Cowell
tribute to Simon Cowell
Simon Cowell
Paula Abdul
DeWyze
autiful Day
May 26
DeWyze
autiful Day
Patty Griffin's "Up to the Mountain"
January 19, 2011
Season ten
Jimmy Iovine
The X Factor
Nigelgoe
January 19, 2011
Nigelgoe
Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler
Jimmy Iovine, chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group
Season ten
Myspace
online audition
online auditions
Myspace
Chris Medina
Top 40
Casey Abrams
Abrams
Chris Medina
Naima Adedapo and Thia Megia
Casey Abrams
Top 13 result
Casey Abrams
Pia Toscano
Tom Hanks
Pia Toscano
Tom Hanks
teenage country
McCreery
"I Love You This Big"
My Mother Does
Soulful
2011
McCreery
Ruben Studdard's Soulful in 2003
Season 11
one more finalist would join the Top 24
Jones
January 18, 2012
Jermaine Jones
March 14
concealing arrests and outstanding warrants
Phillips
kidney pain
eight
Phillips
Phillips
kidney
Colton Dixon
.colton Dixon was the only contestant sent home
Colton Dixon
two, the first season where a recipient of the save
The following week, unlike previous seasons, Colton Dixon was the only contestant sent home
Jess Sanchez
Colton Dixon
DeGarmo
season five
season five finalist
Phillips
season five finalist
season three
Home
Nothing
Home
Nothing
Home
January 16, 2013
Judges Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler left the show after two seasons
TMZ
January 16, 2013
four
five
Lazaro Arbos
top 10 contestants started with five males and five females
five weeks
Lazaro Arbos
top four
Candin Glover
Krever
I Am Beautiful
All Cried Out
Candin Glover
Candice Glover
"I Am Beautiful"
"All Cried Out"
runner-up was not signed by a music label
Randy Jackson
one season
Randy Jackson
Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj
January 15, 2014
Ryan Seacrest
in-mentor
Ryan Seacrest
January 15, 2014
Connick, Jr.
Harry Connick, Jr.
Connick, Jr.
Nigelgoe and Ken Warwick
Sam Woolf
Top 3 performance night
songs they wrote themselves
Sam Woolf
Sam Woolf
Top 3 performance night
Caleb Johnson
Irene
Long as You Love Me
We Are One
Caleb Johnson
Jena Irene
As Long as You Love Me
We Are One
January 7, 2015
Ryan Seacrest
Adam Lambert
judges
Randy Jackson
January 7, 2015
Adam Lambert
one episode
coca
Ford Motor Company
Big Machine Records
one episode
CocaCola
Ford Motor Company
Big Machine Records
Nick Fradiani
Nick Fradiani
Jax
autiful Life
Forcefield
Nick Fradiani
Nick Fradiani
Fradiani
mpion
Jax
May 11, 2015
four
fifth
Urban, and Jennifer Lopez
Fox
May 11, 2015
Ryan Seacrest
131
2002
Southern
North Carolina
North Carolina
ten
Chris Daughtry
47 million
16 percent
85
85 percent
Taylor Hicks
Alabama
Bible Belt
Bible Belt
the state of Alabama
GWG
Phillips
The Untold Story
five consecutive seasons
guitar
a white guy with guitar
Richard Rushfield
Phillips
19 Entertainment
Ruben Studdard
Ruben Studdard
2013
100 million
season eight
season eight
power voting
2010
2013
Idol Gives Back
$185 million
Idol Gives Back
seasons seven and nine
2002
40 million
23 million
summer
June 2002
40 million
23 million
26.8 million
21.7 million
Ruben Studdard
season three
season four
26.7 million
21.7 million
season four
Season six
Season six
the Death Star
NBC
Season six
the Death Star
season wherein the average results show rated higher than the competition stages
season wherein the average results show rated higher than the competition stages
season seven
in part to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike
2002
Kristy Lee Cook
season six
the most watched TV network inception
Writers Guild of America strike
NBC
CBS
2010
NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics
30.1 million
sixth
32.1
47.2
32.1
32.1
eight
NBC Sunday Night Football
8 straight years from 2004 to 2012
13.3 million
2013–14
2003
7.2 million
13.3 million
Coca-Cola
8.03 million
fifteenth
May 11, 2015
8.03 million
almost a decade
eight consecutive years
Simon Fuller claimed, "saved Fox"
Simon Fuller claimed, "saved Fox"
Simon Fuller
Dancing with the Stars
The Sing-Off
American Idol
American Idol
American Idol
345
Rich Meyer
Kelly Clarkson
345
Fred Bronson
four
four million
59 million
120 million
59 million
120 million
Jennifer Hudson
vocal coach
Broadway
Dreamgirls
Dreamgirls
Debra Byrd
Entertainment Weekly
national anthem
Ken Tucker
Entertainment Weekly
Karla Peterson
Lincoln Memorial
Entertainment Weekly
Ramin Setoodeh
John Mayer
Newsweek
commercialism
Ann Powers
Ramin Setoodeh
John Mayer
Elton John
2006
LeAnn Rimes
Usher
Carrie Underwood
Elton John
LeAnn Rimes
Elton John
country
country music
ni
Bruce Gower
three in 2009 and two in 2011
Gives Back edition
ni
Governor's Award
$900 million
$6.4 billion
The American Idol Experience
$900 million
Disney
season four
$1.3 million
$427 million
$737,000
2014
$800 million
season 7
season 7
AT&T Wireless
2010s
season seven
$10 million
$35 million
AT&T Wireless
text-messaging
4,349
PepsiCo
The X Factor
Coca-Cola
The X Factor
third place
season five
M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies
a semi-finalist
Kellogg's Pop-Tarts
M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies
season five tour
season seven
five
iTunes
winner's coronation single
as a compilation album at the end of the season.
the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program
iTunes
Sony Music
Sony Music
UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records
19 Entertainment
19 Recordings
Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG)
Sony Music Entertainment
UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M Records
The Walt Disney Company
2009
2014
19 Entertainment
February 14, 2009
Walt Disney Company debuted "The American Idol Experience" at its Disney World Resort in Florida
Dream Ticket
August 30, 2014
over 100
CTV and/or CTV Two
2014
Yes TV
100
CTV and/or CTV Two
Yes TV
La3
one day
STAR World
Thursday and Friday
STAR World
La3
'ringers'
seven consecutive years
eight consecutive
Canis lupus familiaris
lupus familiaris
millennia
sensory capabilities
the 2010s
40,000 years
Eurasia
starch-rich diet
extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago
man's best friend
man's best friend
meat
dukkōn
Proto-Indo-European
Old English docga
Proto-Indo-European
hound
dog
16th
hound
16th century
hunting
kwon-dog
offspring
sire
poupée
whelping
bitch
bitch
puppies
the sire
dam
offspring
Canis
1758
Linnaeus
"Dog-wolf"
the first edition of Mammal Species of the World
Canis
"Dog-family" or the family dog
Canis
Canis familiaris
1982
2003
Lupus
Canis familiaris
the ICZN
Canis familiaris
the ICZN
Lupus
genetic studies
ancestor
hunter-gatherers
Taimyr wolf of North Asia
human hunter-gatherers
gray wolf
Taimyr
Modern dog breeds
catching and tearing
scavengers
wrist bones
endurance
catching and tearing
scavengers
height and weight
English Mastiff
English Mastiff
"double"
soft down hair
"double"
topcoat only
countershading
upper surfaces
camouflage pattern
dark color
visibility
straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw
emotional state
sickle
elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic palate,
parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites, as well as hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms, and trick knees
unspayed
unspayed females of all types and ages
parasites
toxic
bromine
macadamia
Theobromine
toxic
nicotine
dark chocolate
1.2 years
shorter
2013
1.2 years
10 to 13 years
Dogue de Bordeaux
6 to 7 years
6 to 7 years
Dogue de Bordeaux
5.2 years
14 to 15
Bluey
Pusuke
1939
Bluey
1939
Pusuke
biannually
pregnancy
up to two years
estrous cycle
58 to 68 days
63 days
six puppies
six puppies
six puppies
six puppies
four puppies
sterilization
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)
testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus
ovaries and uterus
testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus
ovaries and uterus
neutered
Neutering
urinary incontinence
Spayed
urinary incontinence
prostate cancer
Rico
Chaser
gesturing and pointing
Australian dingos
solve their problems
Dog intelligence
over 200
advanced memory skills
over 1,000
9,000–30,000
humans
social-cognitive skills
communicate with humans
humans
Dog behavior
understand and communicate
social-cognitive skills of human children
pheromones and taste
vocalization
facial expression
hand signals
domestic dogs
atrophy of the jaw muscles
diagnostic features
once a year
their behaviors
11 fixed genes
selection on both morphology and behavior
production-related traits
fear and aggression
production-related traits
for their behaviors
11 fixed genes
aggression
525 million
525 million
human population densities
apex predators
beaten off or killed
dogs
apex predators
sheep
Wolves
Leopards
Striped hyenas
alligators and pythons
Coyotes
Coyotes
alligators and pythons
Striped hyenas
omnivores
grains
obligate carnivores
Carnivora
protein
starch-rich diet
a few hundred years
morphologies and behaviors
varied breeds
Irish
a few hundred years old
hundreds
blue
selective breeding
inherited characteristics
kennel clubs
natural selection and selective breeding
Dog breeds
non-scientific
unsystematic
four major types
Malamute and Shar Pei
"herding"-type
four
old world dogs
"hunting"
bite inhibition
sophisticated forms
one of the most successful species on the planet today
bite inhibition
hunter-gatherers
aiding handicapped individuals
man's best friend
meat
food scraps
three dog night
warning
cleaning up food scraps
three dog night
cooperative hunting
2004
dogs' robust sense of smell
domestication of the wolf
sled dogs
Bering land bridge
9,400 years ago
9,400 years ago
Athabascan
Apache and Navajo tribes
horse
a four-to-five-month-old puppy
humans and dogs
1950s and 1960s
1980s
outside more than they tend to be today
elites
outside more often
1980s
conform to human expectations of personality and behaviour
dogs-dogs
two major trends
modification
everyday routines
commodity forms
18th
urine marking
18th century
urine marking
barking
part of the family
Dog Whisperer
part of the family
Dog Whisperer
newspaper
dishwasher
yoga
set tasks or routines
newspaper from the lawn
77.5 million
77.5 million
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
voices
the brain
emotional
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
emotional
man's best friend
hunting
nets
, a husky-terrier mix named Laika
husky-terrier
man's best friend
pointers and hounds
nets
, a husky-terrier mix named Laika
1957
psychological therapy dogs
medical care.
breed shows
a judge familiar with the specific dog breed
purebred dogs
the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities
conformation shows
conformation shows
externally observable qualities of the dog
ability or health
rural areas of Poland
taboo
dog fat
consumption of dog meat as taboo
taboo
medicinal properties
gaejang-guk
a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months
to ensure good health by balancing one's gi, or vital energy of the body
scallions and chili powder
the summer months
scallions and chili powder
4.5 million
17
26. 77%
4.5 million
2000s
less severe
12.9 per 10,000
60.7 per 10,000
in the face or neck
serious infections
Colorado
60.7 per 10,000
serious infections
cats
two-wheeled
two-wheeled
Toxocara canis
dog feces
10,000
larva migrans
xocara canis
14%
10,000
24%
retinal damage
2005
absenteeism from school through sickness
2005
physical exercise
physical exercise
immune-stimulating microorganisms
social interactions
2015
reductions in cardiovascular, behavioral, and psychological indicators of anxiety
strangers are accompanied by a dog
mental institutions
social behaviors, such as smiling and laughing
antisocial and violent behavior
late 18th century
mental institutions
education program
animal-assisted therapy
diseases
40 times
trillion
40 times
551
Cerberus
the gates of Hades
gar guards Helheim
Kimat
thunder
Persian
Cerberus
Garmr
god of thunder
Kimat
the gates of Naraka
Yama
bronze dog figurines
Yama
the gates of Naraka
mount
bronze dog figurines
scavengers
scavengers
Hasan Küçük
leather dog booties
scavengers
2015
Lérida, Spain
lugga
faithfulness
themselves
feed dogs (and other animals that they own)
faithfulness
protectors
zodiacal dog
kind protectors
caves
Hunting scenes
caves
Hunting scenes
human and canine developed
humans
French Bulldogs
run away
run away
pets living in human homes
more reliable food, lesser caloric needs
domestication of dogs
poorly controlled
the doctor
1936
129
one world, one dream
"Journey of Harmony"
one world, one dream
Beijing, China
"Journey of Harmony"
85,000 mi
March 24
Panathinaiko Stadium
March 31
six
Silk
Panathinaiko Stadium
March 24
Panathinaiko Stadium
March 31
Mount Everest
hundreds
hundreds
changed or shortened
Chinese security officials
Chinese government
supporters
counter-protesters
overseas Chinese and foreign-based Chinese nationals
skirmishes
Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia
Jacques Rogge
Tibetan
scrap global relays
Jacques Rogge
expelled
Jacques Rogge
cancelling the relay
Paralympic Games
Paralympic Games
Lucky Cloud
aluminum
985 grams
An ignition key
Lucky Cloud
aluminum
37 mile per hour
50 millimetres (2 inches)
cans of propane
Air China
red and yellow
March 2008
130
Air A330
red and yellow
Air China
130
21 countries and regions
six
Taipei
Hong Kong and Macau
March 2008 to May 2008
Beijing and Taipei
Beijing and Taipei
24
March 24, 2008
Olympia, Greece
Maria Nafpliotou
Maria Nafplio
March 30, 2008
Olympia, Greece
Maria Nafpliotou
silver medalist of the 2004 Summer Olympics in taekwondo Alexandros Nikolaidis
Alexandros Nikolaidis
Nepal
French hypermart Carrefour
LVMH Group
French flags
Kunming
LVMH Group
censorship
hypermart Carrefour
People's Daily
the People's Daily
legal
Almaty
Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev
President of Kazakhstan
Astana Square
Uighur
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev
20 km
Uighur
April 3
Taksim Square
Sultanahmet Square
Uyghurs
Istanbul
Sultanahmet Square
Taksim Square
Uyghurs
arrested by the police
April 5
Victory Square
Palace Square
Fedor Emelianenko
Victory Square
Victory Square
Palace
Fedor Emelianenko
Great Britain
April 6
£750,000
Great Britain
Wembley Stadium
O2 Arena
30 mi
manhandling protesters, were described by both the London Mayor Ken Livingstone and Lord Coe, chairman of the London Olympic Committee as "thugs"
80
Sir Redgrave
Richard Vaughan
Prime Minister Gordon Brown
Sir Redgrave
80
Francesca Martinez and Richard Vaughan
10 Downing Street
Ladbroke Grove
April 7
Eiffel Tower
bus
Teddy Riner
April 7
Paris
Eiffel Tower
3,000
five
Green Party officials
Jin Jing
Angel in Wheelchair
torch relay ceremony
Jin Jing
Jin Jing
Green Party officials
Reporters Without Borders
Eiffel Tower
Notre Dame
protest banner
Reporters Without Borders
the Notre Dame cathedral
Trocadéro
Jane Birkin
Thupten Gyatso
Trocadéro
a peaceful protest
Jane Birkin
freedom of speech
the National Assembly's session
"Respect for Human Rights in China"
"Freedom for Tibet!"
Parliament
the National Assembly
spect for Human Rights in China
"Freedom for Tibet!"
confiscating Tibetan flags
Libération
Trocadéro
Michèle Alliot-Marie
confiscating Tibetan flags
Trocadéro
Minister of the Interior Michèle Alliot-Marie
a police officer
McCovey Cove
April 9
Lin Li
San Francisco International Airport, where the torch was to leave for Buenos Aires
Peter Ueberroth
San Francisco, California
April 9
Norman Bellingham
Justin Herman Plaza
San Francisco Board of Supervisors
human rights abuses
April 8
April 1, 2008
San Francisco Board of Supervisors
United Nations Plaza
Richard Gere
suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge
KPIX-CBS5
China
Golden Gate Bridge
Laurel Sutherlin
five supporters
three activists and five supporters
warehouse on a waterfront pier
Andrew Michael
Andrew Michael
San Francisco International Airport
Justin Herman Plaza
waterfront pier
April 11
Lola Mora amphitheatre
Mauricio Macri
Lola Mora amphitheatre
Lola Mora amphitheatre
Mauricio Macri
Carlos Espínola
confetti
Carcavallo
from the Obelisk to the city hall
Free Tibet
Jorge Carcavallo
the city hall
Human Rights Torch
Free Tibet
Human Rights Torch Relay
Susan Prager
"Friends of Falun Gong"
Diego Maradona
1200
water balloons
"Friends of Falun Gong"
Diego Maradona
1200
water balloons
peaceful
Tanzania
April 13
at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway
Tanzania
TAZARA Railway
Tanzania
Tanzania
Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein
Muscat
April 14
Sulaf Fawakherji
Muscat
20 km
Sulaf Fawakherji
April 16
Jinnah Stadium
Pervez Musharraf
a stadium
Jinnah Stadium
April 17
70
Baichung Bhutia
five
India Gate
1.5
five
five
Baichung Bhutia
terrorist targets
protesters
Kamal Nath
Kamal Nath
2 am
Republic Day
terrorist targets
150,000
democracy
India
150,000
protests
Holy Flame Protection Unit
relations
Tibetan government in exile
Kiran Bedi
Indian Police Service (IPS)
Soha Ali Khan
April 16
Kiran Bedi
Soha Ali Khan
Delhi
the police
caged woman
April 18
M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse
Embassy
April 18
10
foreign protesters
Mom Rajawongse Narissara Chakra
April 21
Kuala Lumpur
Independence Square
1964 Tokyo edition
Independence Square
Petronas Twin Towers
1964
1000 personnel
Falun Gong
Falun Gong
Malaysian citizenship
"Taiwan and Tibet belong to China."
placards
April
Chinese embassy
journalists
Islamabad
20
security worries
the city main's stadium
outside the stadium
April 24
Aboriginal elder Agnes Shea
peace and welcome
Australian and Chinese officials
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
16
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
Australian Federal Police
Agnes Shea
People's Liberation Army personnel
our sacred torch
Tony Goh
Stephen Smith
People's Liberation Army personnel
Australian police
Tony Goh
Zhang Rongan
Stephen Smith
Lin Hatfield Dodds
Stephen Smith
Lin Hatfield Dodds
Stephen Smith
Ted Quinlan
between 2,000 and 10,000
Australia
Ian Thorpe
between 2,000 and 10,000
between 2,000 and 10,000
Ted Quinlan
Jon Stanhope
Japan
April 26
Nagano Sports Park
1998 Winter Olympics
Zenkō-ji
Zenkō-ji
two
Seoul
April 27
Olympic Park
Chinese students
Seoul
1988 Summer Games
April 28
Kim Yong Nam
Pak Du Ik
the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower
Pyongyang
April 28
pink paper flowers
Pak Du Ik
a propaganda s
against human rights
UNICEF
staff
raising awareness of conditions for children
North Korea
April 29
Ho Chi Minh City
60
Ho Chi Minh City
the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium
Ho Chi Minh City
Spratly and Paracel Islands
Sansha
Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh
Nguyen T.n Dũng
seven
Đi Cày
Minh Phiếu
seven anti-China protestors
.
tax evasion
Minh Phiếu
disputed islands
May 2
Lee Lai Shan
Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui
Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai
120 torchbearers
May 2
Chief Executive Donald Tsang
dragon boat
120
pro-Beijing camp politicians
novelty inflatable plastic flames
Tiananmen Square protests
Christina Chan
Christina Chan
claiming her human rights were breached
democracy
Leung Kwok-hung
Tibetan snow lion flag
Color Orange democracy group
Pillar of Shame
"immigration reasons"
Mia Farrow
two systems
Color Orange democracy group
Pillar of Shame
"immigration reasons"
Mia Farrow
May 3
Macau Fisherman's Wharf
120
Olympic torch
non-athletes
May 3
120
Olympic torch
Stanley Ho
Macao Daily News
cyberctm.com
chbbs
Macau resident
cyberctm.com
head of Telecommunications Regulation
May 4
Jackie Chan
May 4
April
International Olympic Committee (IOC) officials
Jackie Chan
partial and censored
biased
Libération
coverage of the events by the media
censored
Reporters Without Borders
Libération
saboteurs
disruptive protesters
relay spectators
Marie-José Pérec
"radicals"
Marie-José Pérec
Xinhua
spirit of Olympics
sports and politics
spirit of Olympics
sports and politics
Fu Ying
Libération
Western media bias
Fu Ying
The Daily Telegraph
Libération
Xinhua the U.S.-based Cable News Network (CNN)
Xinhua the U.S.-based Cable News Network (CNN)
the Chinese government
"The challenges of reporting in China"
Paul Danahar
1,300
Paul Danahar
Tibet
the People's Daily
the People's Daily
an anti-CNN website
a Beijing citizen
Beijing citizen
foreign correspondents in Beijing
30 unarmed attendants
August 2007
matching blue tracksuits
Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee
30 unarmed attendants
August 2007
matching blue tracksuits
"Second Right Brother,"
hypermart Carrefour
LVMH Group
the Dalai Lama
French flags
LVMH Group
anti-Chinese racism
anti-Japanese
People's Daily
Sohu.com
May 1
anti-Japanese
People's Daily
censor the internet forums such as Sohu.com
May 1
Shoichi Washizawa
great nuisance
a major Buddhist temple in Nagano
Shoichi Washizawa
great nuisance
Olympic torch relay
alight in a set of 8 lanterns
the Torch is extinguished
Hong Kong legislator
Jin Jing
Western media
Two
40 attendants
popularized modern mathematical logic
encapsulate mathematics
Kurt Gödel
any set of axioms and inference rules proposed to encapsulate mathematics
popularized modern mathematical logic
1931
encapsulate mathematics
Whitehead and Russell's book
metaphysics
Aims of Education
disconnected scraps of information
inert ideas is, above all things, harmful."
1929
1912 and 1927
1929
numerous essays and addresses
"inert ideas"
few important concepts
organically link to many different areas of knowledge
transdisciplinary
laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom
few important concepts
different areas of knowledge
multidisciplinary, value-free school model
undergraduate
rank amateur
one of the 20th century's foremost
Bertrand Russell
philosopher
friend and former student Bertrand Russell
rank amateur
rank amateur
"philosophy and science are to make any real progress
how the universe works if philosophy and science are to make any real progress
metaphysical investigations
essential to both good science and good philosophy
metaphysical assumptions about how the universe
unexamined and unquestioned
how the universe works
metaphysical investigations
reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter
an event-based or "process" ontology
philosophy of organism
against Descartes' separation of two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental.
philosophy of organism
Cartesian
an event-based or "process" ontology
process philosophy
experiential
process philosophy
Whitehead
"quality", "matter", and "class"
cause abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks
a single person
a continuum of overlapping events
abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blocks
change
"classical"
"society" of events
a continuum of overlapping events
discrete "occasions of experience"
"defining essence" or a "core identity"
the same through time
qualitative and secondary to their core identity
discrete "occasions of experience"
time and space
"all things flow"
people define identities
limitations of language
philosophically or ontologically
limitations of language
not philosophically or ontologically sound
hardly
limitations of language
fundamentally the same things
an inert clump of matter
separate in time and space
any object is simply an inert clump of matter
primary
obscures the importance of relations
material
distinct and discrete
externally
entity as in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities
forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it
really exist
its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it
nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities
not related to any other entity
they are what the thing is
its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it
conform to it
Europe and China
William Temple
Temple's Gifford Lectures
political struggle and spirituality
ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology
University of Chicago's Divinity School
Henry Wieman
John B. Cobb, Jr.
Wieman, Charles Hartshorne, Bernard Loomer, Bernard Meland
Claremont
modernization and industrialization
Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism
process philosophers John Cobb and David Ray Griffin
Whitehead's stress on the mutual interdependence of humanity and nature
assertion that matter is an abstraction
his metaphysical ideas seeming somewhat counter-intuitive
passé, or simply the sheer difficulty and density of his prose.
influential
American pragmatism
William James and John Dewey
Nicholas Rescher
Charles Sanders Peirce
Richard Rorty
severely criticized
Stapp and David Bohm
rendered obsolete
phena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space
a local approximation
Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order
Theology of Ecology
For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future
Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy
Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy
Xie Bangxiu
Flexible-goals, Engaged-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher
understanding and evaluating educational curriculum
the Institute for the Postmodern Development of China
Mark Dibben
Applied process thought
philosophy of management and business ethics
philosophy of business administration and organizational theory
comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing
1910s and early 1920s
metaphysics
processes
reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another
Process and Reality
metaphysical system
metaphysics
metaphysics
metaphysical
processes
Ramsgate, Kent, England
1861
Thomas Whitehead
minister and schoolmaster
Maria Sarah Whitehead
Ramsgate, Kent, England
1861
minister and schoolmaster
Maria Sarah Whitehead
Evelyn
University of London
Dean of the Faculty of Science
chairman of the Senate's Academic (leadership)
1924
Bachelor of Science
1918
Dean of the Faculty of Science
University of London
1924
Victor Lowe
all of his papers be destroyed
most fanatical belief in the right to privacy
"No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him."
two volume
Victor Lowe
all of his papers be destroyed
writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight
Principia Mathematica
Bertrand Russell
professional mathematicians
Principia Mathematica
one of the most important works in mathematical logic of the 20th century
mathematics
three
Bertrand Russell
Principia Mathematica
1910
expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class
the comparative study of their several structures
the comparative study of their several structures
expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class
a unity of design
their several structures
ten years
ten years
there is likely no major academic library in the world
the Royal Society of London
no major academic library in the world
ten years
ten years
more than 2,000 pages
more than 2,000 pages
Cambridge University Press
the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon
Gifford
Process and Reality
professional philosophers
Process and Reality
1927–28
the most difficult to understand
negatively
fully grasping all of the details and implications
Nelson Wieman
brilliant
Mathews
Chicago's Divinity School
1927
Henry Nelson Wieman
Chicago's Divinity School
the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century
little-read and little-understood
dearly held assumptions
Process and Reality
Isabelle Stengers
how the universe works,
scientific and philosophical problems
provide novel solutions
creativity is the absolute principle of existence
reaction to them
consciousness
faulty understanding or inadequate technology
creativity
valuation
creativity is the absolute principle of existence
Latin prehensio
the mind only has private ideas about other entities
self-conscious beings
Latin
to seize."
people as well as electrons
two
to seize."
causal efficacy
causal efficacy (or "physical prehension")
causal relations between entities
pure appearance
causal efficacy
Presentational immediacy
delusive
the experience dominating the primitive living organisms
pure sense perception
sense perceptions
symbolic reference
the causal relationships
causation
a higher grade mentality
a fusion of pure sense perceptions
looks up, sees a colored shape, and immediately infers that it is a chair
not have jumped to the notion of a chair
have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair
comparatively deficient in survival value
actively engaged in modifying their environment
increasing its own satisfaction
increasing its own satisfaction
survival value
modifying their environment
three-fold
increasing its own satisfaction
unintelligible
"life is comparatively deficient in survival value."
divine king who imposes his will on the world
"the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar."
primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world
Whitehead God is not necessarily tied to religion
the primordial nature of God
the consequent nature
a "dipolar" entity
springing primarily from religious faith
God saves the world as it passes into the reception of the world's activity
saves and cherishes
a tenderness
change the way God interacts with the world.
God saves and cherishes all experiences
deficient in actuality
fulfilling one another
fulfilling one another
fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence
Whitehead by taking them into God's self
individual
"religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness...
a system of general truths
a religion might encourage the violent extermination of a rival religion's adherents
solitariness
the value of the objective world
the universe is a community
universal claim
mutually dependent
Claremont
Bruno Latour
Claremont
Willard Van Orman Quine
he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher
American progressive theology
Charles Hartshorne
full-blown process theology
John B. Cobb, Jr.
God's relational nature
sufferer who understands
praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers
the being who can most appropriately respond to the world.
naturalism
biology and economics
postcolonialist, and feminist theory
geneticist
Franklin I. Gamwell
process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests
ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion
philosophy
bridge between philosophy and the emotions
make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people
organizational theory
sharing an ontology
Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration
continue to invest client funds in over-priced (under-yielding) investments
a global glut
Professional investment managers
maximize their compensation
maintain their assets under management
Countrywide Financial
July 11, 2008
IndyMac
IndyMac Bank
Mac Bancorp
April 2008
9.27%
$160 million
Moody's
mum 10% risk-based capital ratio
Charles Schumer
Deposit Insurance Corporation
$7 billion
June 30
$500 million
$1.55 billion
7.5%
$10.7 billion
Charles Schumer
unsafe and unsound manner in which the thrift was operated
IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB
US$100,000
10,000
July 11, 2008
July 14, 2008
Over 100
Bear Stearns
September and October 2008
Oct. 6, 2008
Lehman Brothers
money market funds
commercial paper issued by corporations
September 2008
$144.5 billion
4.65%
shadow banking system
the shadow banking system
investor funds
Economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary
one-third
collapse of the shadow banking system
Brookings Institution
securitization
capital
more than a quarter
45%
20%
$13 trillion
$8.8 trillion
serious default risk
loss of close to $6 trillion in housing wealth
Tens of millions
their future profits
worse
global economic collapse
UBS
three quarters
Iceland’s banking collapse
capital injection
more than a third
14.4%
21.5%
Brookings Institution
a recession in the U.S.
more than 10%
$251 billion
300,000
provide a sound economic policymaking and good governance
falls in trade, commodity prices, investment
the Arab World
Foreign Direct Investment
the global downturn
lower oil prices
lower oil prices
10.1%
33
6%
1983
patent applications
faulty risk-weightings
financial engineering
Basel III regulations
Norberg
capital ratios
June 2009
June 2009
2008
Quickly Than It Began, The Banking Crisis Is Over
January 27, 2010
Advanced economies
69%
"advanced" economies accounted for only 31% of global GDP
31%
Advanced economies
Krugman's
December 2010
2006
commercial mortgage-backed securities
commercial real estate
collateralized debt obligation
$70 trillion
doubled
mortgage-backed security
Treasury bonds
collateralized debt obligation
investment-grade ratings
investment-grade ratings
single pool
Securities with lower priority
over 20%
mid-2006
1.3 million
81%
14.4%
1.0%
to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble
housing
excessive credit growth
Lower interest rates
$650 billion
5.8%
Asia and oil-exporting nations
capital account
the U.S.
July 2004
adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
inversely
raised the Fed funds rate significantly
declined in value
Consumspondent Lending Group for Citigroup
220 professional underwriters
60%
1,600
80%
Clayton Holdings
over 900,000
23
28%
900,000
Predatory lending
Countrywide Financial
adjustable rate mortgage (ARM)
negative amortization
bait-switch
California Attorney General Jerry Brown
adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs)
disappeared
the Office of Thrift Supervision
adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs)
Paul Krugman
Timothy Geithner
OECD
regulatory framework
Basel accords encourage unconventional business practices
highly leveraged
complex
government bailouts
bankruptcy
off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives
five
a financial shock
capital requirements
$4.1 trillion
Lehman Brothers
sa (or pay down debt)
thrift
deepen a recession
Hyman Minsky
debt relative to equity
Janet Yellen
demand and employment fell
recession
cancelling planned investments
balance sheet deleveraging
financial innovation
adjustable-rate mortgage
CDS
mortgage-backed securities (MBS)
expanded dramatically
Q1 2007
$20 billion
$180 billion
36%
$20 billion
boom in innovative financial products
multiplied the number of actors connected to a single mortgage
indirect information
FICO scores on creditworthiness
adequate to what actually happened in 2006–2008
interest rates or fees
pricing of risk
transparency about banks' risk exposures
straightforward, readily understandable format
disruptive
risk inherent with financial innovation
its impact on the overall stability
32 cents on the dollar
five cents for every dollar
$450bn
AIG
CDS
September 2008
$180 billion
a premium
George Soros
financial assets became more complex
the originators of synthetic products
the rating agencies
the international bond rating agencies and bank regulators
World Scientific
2006
Merrill Lynch
copula limitations
2006
Timothy Geithner
2009
"parallel" banking system
shadow banking system
maturity mismatch
spring of 2007
fall of 2008
More than a third
Brookings Institution
a number
Mark Zandi
securitization markets
$2 trillion
less than $150 billion
the Federal Reserve's TALF program
Rapid increases
tripled from $50 to $147
plunging as the financial crisis began to take hold
speculative flow of money from housing
gasoline
Michael Greenberger
Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and BP
Goldman Sachs, Morgan and BP
Michael Greenberger
London and New York
Ailsa McKay
mainstream economics
feminist economics and ecological
a reshaping
Raghuram Rajan
2005
at a celebration honouring Alan Greenspan
"Has Financial Development Made the World Riskier?"
tail risks
Raghuram Rajan
Great moderation
Dirk Bezemer
a vindication
Alan Greenspan
BusinessWeek
Great Depression
Wharton School
Nouriel Roubini
Dr. Doom
Nassim Nicholas Taleb
David Brooks
the breakdown of the banking system
banking stocks
Phil Dow
50%
54.7%
Floyd Norris
Northern Rock
the Bank of England
mid-September 2007
February 2008
Northern Rock
borrower’s income or assets
Appraisals
poor credit histories
borrowers with poor credit histories
regulate its involvement
half
77
77
50
half of the poorest families
the European Commission at Brussels
0.1%
0.1%
the IMF
3%
expand money supplies
enacted large fiscal stimulus packages
lender-of-last-resort
broadening the set of institutions with access to liquidity
self-reinforcing decline in global consumption
credit freeze
US$2.5 trillion
$1.5 trillion
Joseph Stiglitz
spending the money in more profitable areas
a series of regulatory proposals
executive pay
proprietary trading
Paul Volcker
Paul Volcker
May 2010
December 2009
Volcker Rule
Senate bill
bailout of banks
trillions of U.S. dollars
August 9, 2007
2012
BNP Paribas
2004
2009
escalate
subprime borrowers
capital holdings
Levin–Coburn Report
Glass-Steagall Act
The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
credit rating agencies
regulatory practices
mortgage-backed securities
collateralized debt obligations
major global financial institutions
institutions and investors around the world
mortgage payments and housing prices
trillions
enter foreclosure
2006
loan types
foreclosure epidemic
investment banks and hedge funds
commercial (depository) banks
financialization
deregulation to encourage business
U.S. Government policy
loan defaults or MBS losses
financial institutions to lend
central banks
Governments
MBS losses
January 2011
widespread failures in financial regulation
Federal Reserve
key policy makers
financial firms
the supply of creditworthy borrowers
2003
2004–2006
2004–2006
conservative government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)
six Democratic appointees
Paul Krugman
affordable housing
GSE loans
3 of the 4
13 million
$2 trillion
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
HUD
6 ex-executives
the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO)
Bush administration
September 10, 2003
a hearing
House Financial Services Committee
$467 billion
10%
Community Reinvestment Act
25%
25%
1995
$4.5 trillion
high-interest-rate loans (3 percentage points over average) equal “subprime” loans
“prime”
September 11, 2001
credit default swaps
derivatives
portfolio Magazine
credit default swaps
credit default swaps
substandard loans – generally with low or no downpayments
low or no downpayments
it was supported by a huge number of substandard loans
1997–2006
Countering Krugman
160 mi
St. Barthélemy
Renaissance Islands
Renaissance Islands
Île Toc Vers
Saint-Barthélemoise
French
500–700
French is the native tongue
geographically, and not racially
(separately) to the neighbouring Saint Martin
five years
March 2012
15 July 2007
nineteen
September 2014
European Union
One
2008
six
Agricultural production
Sweet potato
potato
fishing
port of Gustavia
the rich and famous
200,000
€61,200,000
wealth generated by wealthy tourists
airplane
25
58
Portugal
12
400
Coconut palm
eastern
several hundred
mangroves
Pacific islands
aloe vera
cereus
South America
1773
barbary fig
May
December till May
Turtles
jellyfish
amidst tall sea grasses
pearly-pink
marine aquafauna
close to the shore line in shallow waters
garbage and sewerage
garbage and sewerage
1.200 ha
sea turtles
Anchoring
the Reserve Naturelle
coral reefs
the Swedes
Gustav Adolph
1787
gendarmerie
La Pointe
over 70
St. Barthélemy
"les petit creux"
spicier
gastronomic
every alternate year
Concarneau in Brittany, France
boats of 10 m length with a single hull
10 m length with a single hull
two sailors
St. Barthélemy
commercial jet airliner
Sint Maarten: Princess Juliana International Airport
Sint Maarten
Gustaf III Airport
France
Saint-Barth
St. Barth in French
Ouanalao
to the west in the Greater Antilles
volcanic island
9,035
Gustavia
France
the winter season
Saint Barthélemy
2003
2007
The Hotel de Ville
A senator
Grande Saline Bay
small vessels
coral reef
shallow
a marine reserve
as many as 22
15 are considered suitable for swimming
leward side (calm waters protected by the island itself)
windward side
windsurfing
essentially arid
2,500
1000 mm
November
13 °C
1744
1785
"Carénage"
Gustavia
Caribbean war
Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy
Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy
Gustavia
British
Creole houses
molecular biology and genetics
DNA (or RNA in RNA
DNA (or RNA in RNA
Hans Winkler
1920
University of Hamburg, Germany
gene and chromosome
half the number
meiosis
mitochondria and chloroplasts
genomics
single genes or groups of genes
chromosomes
C-value paradox
protozoan
60,000
three times as many as in the genome
Walter Fiers
RNA-genome (Bacteriophage MS2)
The Institute for Genomic Research
The Institute for Genomic Research
1996
US National Institutes of Health
Neanderthal
puffer fish
December 2013
130,000-year
massive sequencing
Manteia Predictive Medicine
James D. Watson
the structure of DNA
a genome sequence
The Human Genome Project
Weissenbach
Genoscope in Paris
Genome composition
repetitive DNA
prokaryotes and eukaryotes
exon-intron
mammals and plants
pathogenic microbe
pathogenic microbe
chromosomes
plants, protozoa and animals
plastome
mitochondrial genome
Genome size
morphological complexity
mollusks
bare minimum
single cell organisms
Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes
increasing
genome size
fruit fly
Higher eukaryotes
no more than 20%
tandem repeats and interspersed repeats
proportion
interspersed repeats
satellite DNA and microsatellites
interspersed repeats
transposable elements (TEs)
transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome
transposons
DNA transposons
RNA
cut and paste
RNA
chromosome number (karyotype)
chromos number
Duplications
genetic novelty
Horizontal gene transfer
eukaryotic cells
chloroplast and mitochondrial
comprehensive school
selective school
England and Wales
90%
Gesamtschule
design and technology and vocational learning
Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges
City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools
164
1965
"neighbourhood"
Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges
the 1970s
7–9
comprehensive school
remedial courses
Realschuleabschluss or the Abitur
50%
50%
Höheschule
Sekundarschule
2010
college preparatory
Abitur
Mittelschule
grade inflation
Sigrid Beer
Sigrid Beer (Alliance '90/The Greens)
Christian Democratic Union
Alliance '90/The Greens
working class students
middle class peers
Hauptschule
Helmut Fend
tripartite
1972
to complete their A-levels
A-levels
1966
Patrick Hillery
vocational school system
community school concept
1970s
The state
denominational basis of the schools
Community colleges
1946
London County Council
Holyhead County School
1949
Woodlands Boys School in Coventry
Anthony Crosland, Secretary of State for Education in the 1964–1970 Labour government
Secretary of State for Education
Secondary technical schools
Margaret Thatcher
comprehensive
Conservative government
1975
large neighbourhood comprehensives
Sandwell and Dudley in the West Midlands
Labour prime minister James Callaghan
Comprehensive school
Labour
Education Reform Act
1988
'specialisation'
league tables of school performance
publicly funded
specialist schools
2005
Scotland
England and Wales
République du Congo
Central African Republic
Gabon
Cameroon
Central Africa
Bantu
1960
Bantu-speaking tribes
President Denis Sassou
fourth largest
oil revenues
Pygmy
1500 BC
the Pygmy
Dio Cão
Portuguese
commodities, manufactured goods
19th century
Bantu societies
1880
Pierre de Brazza
Middle Congo
French Equatorial Africa (AEF)
14,000
Brazzaville
The Brazzaville Conference of 1944
1946
the Fourth Republic
1958
the AEF
Republic of the Congo
1959
August 15, 1960
Fulbert Youlou
Fulbert Youlou
Fulbert Youlou
Fulbert Youlou
Massamba-Débat
socialism
Cuban
September 1968
Marien Ngouabi
Congolese Labour Party (PCT)
Congolese Labour Party (PCT)
1972
March 16, 1977
the Eastern Bloc
Soviet Union
dictatorship
political repression
Pascal Lissouba
IMF
civil war
structural adjustment facility
Lissouba and Sassou
Cobras
Angolan
October
Milongo
seven years
January 2002
April 2003
Sassou
Congolese Observatory of Human Rights
"very low"
multi-party
Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congolais du Travail)
Parti Congolais du Travail
corruption revelations
French
March 27, 2015
a third consecutive term
the government
one
10 small private television channels
Bantus
indigenous peoples
December 30, 2010
4°N and 5°S
11° and 19°E
Atlantic Ocean
Democratic Republic of Congo
Angola
Brazzaville
Congo River
Kinshasa
Democratic Republic of the Congo
coastal plain
Kouilou-Niari River
coastal plain
Forests
the Equator
24 °C (75 °F)
16 °C (61 °F)
June to August
Wildlife Conservation Society
the Sangha Region
inhospitable swamps
petroleum
budget problems and overstaffing
estry
65%
92%
large-scale development projects
5%
50%
46%
civil war
slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict
December 1998
stimulating recovery and reducing poverty
gas and diamonds
2007
base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits
Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA)
200,000 hectares
land, air and water transportation
1930s
Paris
Atlantic Ocean
southwestern
534-kilometre (332 mi)
62 spoken languages
The Congo are the largest ethnic group
2%
12%
9,000
French
300
Protestants
22.3%
19.
1.6%
Awakening Lutherans
8.9%
2.8%
US$30
20 physicians
560 deaths
Female genital mutilation
59.34
16-year-olds
44%
baccalaureate
French
executive branch
parliamentary or semi-presidential system
the civil service
Westminster system
official representative
ensure the passage of bills through the legislature
royal prerogative
parliament
Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service
Minister of Defence
1625
Cardinal Richelieu
France
Cardinal Richelieu
18th century
Sir Walpole
Thomas Cromwell
Godolphin
Clarendon
the monarch
the monarch
Harley and St John
Cromwell
Glorious Revolution
passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689
House of Commons
Anne
1714
Hanover
twenty-one years
Whig
the doctrine of cabinet solidarity
resign
Lord Melbourne
parliamentarians
George II and George III
Benjamin Disraeli
1905
the president
Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah
1970
Bahrain
parliamentary republics
parliamentary
Premier of the State Council
Taiwan
the legislature
if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president
the parliament may force the resignation of the government
Bangladesh's constitution
details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal.
the National People's Congress
ng
Constitution Act, 1982
1982
federal and provincial first ministers
Czech Republic's constitution
the first decade of the twentieth century
Balfour in 1905
1905
Margaret Thatcher
1979
1990
reshuffle her cabinet
Taoiseach
lower house of parliament
every general election
lower house of parliament
upper houses
no confidence
head of state
resignation of the prime minister and his or her government.
prime minister
1918
1918
Executive Council
Irish cabinet
step down if s/he loses the majority support of his/her party
Chairman of the government
Rosh HaMemshalah
Rosh HaMemshalah
Taoiseach
Presidente dei Ministri
minister of state
premier
Germany and Austria
Minister of State
Secretary of State
President of Iran
non-Commonwealth countries
Excellency
Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council
Prime Minister of Canada
devolved government
First Minister
dhan Mantri
"Wazir-Azam" meaning "Grand Vizier"
Grand Vizier
Cabinet in United Kingdom
Cabinet Office
IT
19th
French École Polytechnique
Greek (polú) meaning "many"
polytechnic
Berg-Schola
World War II
"Collegium Carolinum"
1794
institutions of higher education
1992
University of Westminster
Regent Street
polytechnic
University of Technology
College of Advanced Education system
TAFE
Melbourne Polytechnic
2009
seven
Fachhochschule
master's degrees
Hogeschool
academization
four
three Technical Universities
Cambodia
affiliate Schools
Quebec
public funding
Polytechnics Canada
collaborative projects
1895
Capital University
half
1997
Geophysics Institute
Quito Astronomical Observatory
National Polytechnic School
1873
one
provide high quality education, training in the areas of science and technology
50
Instituts de technologies
180 credits
160 credits
Finland
universal sciences
yr
technology
institut universitaires
IUT
Fachhochschule
Polytechnicum
18th
Escola Politécnica
1970s
specific professions than on science
business and design
TU
research
RWTH Aachen
nine
17
290,000
Saxony
Niedersächsische Technische Hochschule
the N.1404/1983
The Hong Kong Polytechnic
The Hong Kong Polytechnic
1984
Science and Technology
1994
copper
1735
the Court Chamber of Vienna
16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology
30 National Institutes of Technology
AICTE
Diploma in Engineering
four
three-year
Regional Technical College (RTCs) system
Dublin Institute of Technology
Politecnico
two
Genoa
Imperial College of Engineering
sciences
Malaysia
UNESCO
Ipoh
32
60,840
87,440
University of Technology
teaching, training, research and consultancy
New Zealand
Universal College of Learning
1989
Wellington Polytechnic
the 1990s
Hutt Valley Polytechnic
North Island
Auckland University of Technology
10th grade
various trades
three years
BE
F.Sc
technical university" or "university of technology"
bacharelatos
Bologna Process
Millennia Institute
5
three-year
Maria Theresa
1735
silver and gold mining
1764
teaching
Technikons
1993
2004
technical colleges
bachelor's degrees
Pathumwan Institute of Technology
University of Technology
Institute of Technology and Vocational Education
Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology
Suranaree University of Technology
(1989)
Mahanakorn University of Technology
Bursa Technical University
Istanbul Technical University
Ankara and Trabzon
1970
UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA
Central Institutions
Royal Polytechnic Institution
two
University of Technology
1956
Further and Higher Education Act 1992
CNAA
university colleges
20th
a technical institute
18
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, 1861)
middle class economy
the 1950s
Caracas
Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio
the Internet
the Internet Archive
San Francisco, California, United States
Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat
The Wayback Machine
Linux
1996
archive the entire Internet
Rocky and Bullwinkle Show
Mr. Peabody and Sherman
"WABAC machine"
1996
crawlers
crawl and download all publicly accessible World Wide Web pages
Archive-It.org
digital tape
researchers and scientists
fifth anniversary
University of California, Berkeley
snapshots
twenty-four months
variable
August 2008
Jeff Kaplan
November 2010
100 terabytes
12 terabytes/month
PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies
Capricorn Technologies
2009
Sun Open Storage
Sun Modular Datacenter on Sun Microsystems' California campus
2011
March 2011
2008
2010
"Save a Page"
October 2013
Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc
to retroactively remove access to previous versions of pages it had archived from Nebula's site
Wayback Machine to retroactively remove access to previous versions
Internet Archive
the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbula's motion
Howard Lloyd
Northern District of California
Magistrge Howard Lloyd
Dish Network
Dish Network
Judge Arlander Keys
Ronald Guzman
to determine if a Web page is available as prior art
providing an authoritative statement
technical limitations
answers, or expert witness reports
non-RESTful e-commerce databases
non-RESTful e-commerce databases
copyright
delete pages from its system
FAQ section
Scientology
lawyers from the Church of Scientology
the Internet Archive
Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey
Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey
the Internet Archive
DMCA and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
voluntary
robots.txt
robots.
The Internet Archive
Suzanne Shell
profane-justice.org
the United States District Court for the Northern District of California
the United States District Court for the District of California
April 25, 2007
The Internet Archive
Suzanne Shell
sending multiple DMCA requests to the Archive and then in the Federal Court of Canada
Federal Court of Canada
United Provinces (Verenigde Provinciën), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae
1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795
Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands
Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
the county of Flanders
Burgundy
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
1568
high taxes, persecution of Protestants by the government
1579
a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries
the Act of Abjuration
1581
support each other in their defence against the Spanish army
1582
1583
10 July 1584
Elizabeth I
1588
republican revolutions
France
the Batavian Republic
1813
United Provinces of the Netherlands
Austrianed with the Austrian Netherlands, Luxembourg and Liège
the 17th century
The County of Holland
1602
Rotterdam
six
Amsterdam
Between 1590–1712
Africa and the Pacific
breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean
seven provinces
the States General (Staten-Generaal in Dutch)
representatives of each of the seven provinces
County of Drenthe
poor
Raadspensionaris
stadtholder
stadtholder
and subordinate to the states of each province
princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau
Zeeland and usually Utrecht
orangists
Republicans
the Peace of Westphalia
Peace of Westphalia
Peace of Westphalia
States General of the United Provinces
Holland and/or Zeeland
The framers
Madison
Act of Abjuration
the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579
personal religion
William of Orange
Catholic services
Reformed Church
period and regional or city leaders
fined 200 guilders
personal freedom of religion
predestination
the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism
Synod of Dort
Beginning in the 18th century
restricted toleration
Greek
lichens
German
130 years
obligate
obligate
fungal and photosynthetic
lactobacilli
disjunctive symbiosis
endosymbiosis
10%–15% of insects
actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria
bacterial
barnacles
exosymbiosis
exymbiosis
interspecies reciprocal altruism
lifelong
mutualistic
Coral reefs
fix carbon from the air
mycorrhyzal
territorial fish
A special mucus
mutual symbiosis
goby fish
tail
non-obligate
late 1980s
hydrogen sulfide or methane
Galapagos Islands
nutrients
increasing population of the ensuring that these genetic changes are passed onto the offspring via vertical transmission (heredity).
vertical transmission (heredity)
drastic reduction in its genome size
Muller's ratchet phenomenon
lack of selection mechanisms
Latin
Commensalism
Commensal
Commensal
Commensal
parasitic relationship
biotrophic
biotrophic
as many as half
a tick feeding on the blood of its host
Amensalism
competition and antibiosis
competition
juglone
weevils
plant matter
asymmetrical competitive interactions
Synnecrosis
death
uncommon
to protect the hive
the evolution of all eukaryotes
plants, animals, fungi, and protists
symbiosis
Lynn Margulis
co-evolution
pollination
dependent
les Forces
National Defence Act
Her Majesty
Canadian Armed Forces
four sub-components
the National Defence Act
Queen II
Governor General of Canada
Chief of the Defence Staff
Armed Forces Council
Cold War
contributing to the security of Europe
Soviet military threat
1950s
1990s
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
international security operations
Afghanistan
2002
Afghanistan
Canada First Defence Strategy
2008
six core missions
globally
Canadian defence diplomacy
aircraft visits
aircraft visits
deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés
Canadian Defence Attachés
1867
French and British
invasion by the United States.
American Revolutionary War
invasion by the United States.
British Crown-in-Council
Halifax
1906
Department of Militia and Defence
November 1940
Second Boer War
British command
when Canadian Crown-in-Council
Korean War
Second Boer War
200
72
Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War
United Nations Peacekeeping operations
aircraft carrier
the Battle of Vimy Ridge
strategic bombing
Battle of Vimy Ridge
Croatia
volunteer army
Soviet Union
Canada
1 February 1968
colonial militia groups
legislative independence from the United Kingdom
1931
First World War
dian Armed Forces
dian Armed Forces
dian Armed Forces
dian Armed Forces
Land Forces
2011
International Assistance Force
Government of Afghanistan
peacekeeping
$20.1 billion
74th
119,000
2020
30,000
Canada First Defence Strategy
through the Canada First Defence Strategy
rate of existing members
battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles
C-130 Hercules
CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters
2006
medicine, logistics, and administration
1985
ve drivers and mechanics
replenishment
Canadianer of Rights and Freedoms
infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery
5 February 1987
Minister of National Defence
Combat-Related Employment of Women
1989
submarine service
about 100 percent
Jean Chretien
suitable for a mixed-gender force
Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots
annual financial entitlement
the top with the most senior-ranking personnel
The Canadian constitution
his or her viceroy
troop deployment and disposition orders
monarch or governor general
his or her ministers in Cabinet
115,349
Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS)
governor general
National Defence Headquarters (NDHQ)
colonels-chief, honorary air commodores-in-chief, admirals
27
Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-sur-Richelieu
Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-sur-Richelieu
33
Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard
Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ)
NATO exercises
Commander
4 Canadian Division
Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System
Training System
Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System
5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group
artillery, armour, and combat
helicopter squadron
field ambulance
CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal and CFB Wainwright
the Commander
Winnipeg
eleven
tactical commander
British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia
Winnipeg and North Bay
Geilenkirchen, Germany
Airborne Early Warning Force
NATO Airborne Early Warning Force
Joint Task Force
Joint Task Force
supporting fighter operations
CF-18
Arctic sovereignty patrols
October 2012
Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command
cost-cutting measures in the 2012 federal budget
Canadian Special Operations Forces Command
generating special operations forces
C
CJIRU
427
conduct of electronic warfare
CFS Leitrim in Ottawa
design and build cyber warfare capabilities
June 2011
Brigadier General
Canadian Armed Forces
a deployed Joint Task Force
domestic support and force generation
national emergency
Canadian Armed Forces
Chief of Reserves and Cadets
Naval Reserve (NAV)
Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service
12 to 18
Cadet Instructors Cadre (CIC) branch of the CAF
non-commissioned members
surveillance and patrol services
Canada's arctic and other remote areas
reserve force
surveillance
service dress
scarlet uniforms of the Royal Military Colleges
operational dress
Approved parkas
The navy, most army,
beret, wedge cap, ballcap, Yukon cap
there is no naval variant of the wedge cap
beret
beret, wedge cap, ballcap, Yukon cap
Constitution of Canada
2006
bishops
church in Rome
cardinal
ninth century
cardinal
cardo
The Church of England
deacons of the seven regions
8th century
769
Nicholas II
Papal Bull In nomine
1244
Pope Innocent IV
cardinal
1567
1567
Pope Zacharias
747
Pope Zacharias
747
1563
Pope Pius IV
1563
Pope Pius IV
the French kings
secular affairs
Cardinal Richelieu
Cardinal Richelieu
Henry
70
six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons
Pope John XXIII
120
eighty
120
cardinal electors
a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees
Dean of the College of Cardinals
bishopric of Ostia
1630
Pope Urban VIII
secondary
Prince
Pope Urban VIII
"Cardinal [First name] [surname]
"Cardinal [First name]
placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name
placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Cardis"
they do not belong to the Roman clergy
Cardinal protodeacon
a cardinal
1378
1378
no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate
the cardinalate
Cardinal bishops
cardinals of the episcopal order
cardinals
Roman priest
preserve apostolic succession
consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals
consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals
seven
1914
Pope Pius X
Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Sabina, Frascati and Velletri
1962
Ostia
Cardinal Vicar
1962
Ostia
Cardinal bishops
College of Cardinals
the pope
gold ring
Pope Benedict XVI
galero
1969
scarlet galero
Eastern Catholics
willingness to die for his faith
rochet
the scarlet color of cardinals' vesture
1460s
cardinalate expires
Martin V
marry
1917
lay cardinals
wear and use the episcopal vestments
1962
1917
1917
collate information about the financial situation
The cardinal protodeacon
Basilica of Saint Peter in Vatican City
Pope John Paul I
white
30 cardinals
10
half
one third
Cardinal deacons
deacons
Paulo Evaristo Arns
Paulo Evaristo Arns
Pope
suburbicarian see
cardinal deacons
Cardinal priests
Cardinal priests
of the order of priests
titular church
1587
70
Pope Sixtus V
Iranic languages
Indo-Iranian languages
the Indo-European languages
400 BCE – 900 CE
Middle Persian
86
Proto-Iranian
Persian and Sans
1836
Christian Lassen
Robert Needham Cust
1878
Central Asia
Central Asia
Andronovo culture
2000 BC
Indo-European
southeastern Europe, the Iranian plateau, and Central Asia
great linguistic diversity
two
Behistun inscription
520 BC
4th century BC
Avestan
Zoroastrianism
Younger Avestan
Rigvedic Sanskrit
Kurdish
Scythian
"western" and "eastern"
Avestan
Old Avestan
palatal consonants
palatal consonants
Nuristani
consonant clusters
consonant clusters
distinct dialect groups
Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian
Old Iranian
the 9th century
Western and Eastern
Eastern
Avestan
Achaemenid Imperial Aramaic script
adapted Greek script
Pahlavi
the 3rd century CE
Middle Persian, Parthian and Sogdian
Syriac script
Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran)
Dari
Saffarid
875 CE
the eastern province of Khorasan
Arabic script
dwindling
Tajik
1930s
Soviet government
Kzestan
Sogdian and Bactrian
6th century AD
the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand
Saka
Daylighting
positive psychological effects on occupants
capturing daylight
artificial light
Lighting or illumination
Daylighting
artificial light
positive psychological effects on occupants
save energy
Lighting or illumination
light fixtures
Indoor lighting
Lighting
light fixtures
Lighting
1939 World's Fair
"can lights" or 'high hats
400,000 BCE
birbirds and fish
campfires
15,000 years ago
incandescent light bulb
in the early 1800s
urban crime
Lighting plain fixtures
visual glare
lumen per watt
6400
incandescent bulb
blue-white
Lower color temperature lamps
general, accent, or task lighting
Lightolier
master transformer
cable lighting
12 or 24 volts
torchiere
table lamp
task lighting
dark nightclub
illuminated ceiling
general
marked with a row of small lights
LED based versions
translucent tube
Street Lights
Street Lights
Floodlights
security lights
try lights
red
white or selective yellow
In the late 1950s
White
Flashing turn signals on the front, side, and rear
light bulbs
electrical energy
a 15-watt compact fluorescent lamp produces about 800 lumens
800 lumens
Lighting design
Lighting of structures
Radiance
tabular data
Daylight factor calculation
dark paint
dark paint
Photometric
lighting cues
stage
candela (cd)
candela per square metre (cd/m2)
Stilb
lumen (lm)
luminity function
luminous power per area
Unified Glare Rating
correlated color temperature
color rendering index
color rendering index (CRI)
correlated color temperature
separation of object colors illuminated by a light source
GAI
greater the GAI
Dosimeter
Daysimeter
circadian light meter
30
short-wavelength
Specification of illumination requirements
Lighting control systems
wireless mesh open standards
ZigBee
easier installation
Occupancy sensors
changes in heat
Ultrasonic
open areas requiring 360-degree coverage
Daylighting
Daylighting has been proven to have positive effects on patients in hospitals
light emitting diodes
nonimaging optics
over-design illumination
Alzheimer's Disease
24-hour
disrupt the natural circadian cycle
Robert
patients assigned to rooms with windows allowing lots of natural light
fewer potent analegesics than 23 matched patients
Toronto Scarborough
Northwestern
Abraham Gesner
1849
coal-gas
Compact fluorescent lamps
not all of them are suitable for dimming
10%
50,000 hours
50,000 hours
70%
Light pollution
glare
searchlights and flares
light
infrared cameras
Flares
laser-guided and GPS weapons
International Commission on Illumination
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
the distribution of light released by a specific luminaire
International Association of Lighting Designers
Professional Lighting Designers Association
Professional Lighting Designers Association
National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions
National Council on Qualifications for the Lighting Professions
LC
CLEP and CLMC
Professional Lighting And Sound Association
UK
500+
Hazardous Substances Directive
Separation of powers
three
the United States Constitution
checks and balances
separation of powers
Montesquieu
Montesquieu
Montesquieu
Montesquieu
Montesquieu
Montesquieu
Montesquieu
The United Kingdom
parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government
separate and Georgia all kept the branches of government "separate and distinct."
United Kingdom
Vice Presidents
Congress
Clinton v. City of New York
1998
Congress
nondelegation doctrine
Clinton v. City of New York
1998
Wayman v Southard 23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825)
23 U.S. (10 Wet.) 1, 42 (1825)
John Marshall
unconstitutionally clothed the judiciary with legislative powers
Wayman v. Southard 23 U.S.
Chief Justice John Marshall
the 1930s
National Recovery Administration
295 U.S. 495
1930s
A.L. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495
Army and Navy
Advice and Consent of the Senate
impeachment
quasi-judicial
Army and Navy
the president
impeachment
Congressional
performance of their duties
INS v. Chadha
1983
2⁄3
Supreme Court
the president
Senate
constitutional courts
constitution and inferior courts established by Congress
the president
Senate
legislativtive courts
judicial power of the United States
two houses of Congress
the president
The Vice President
president
president
civilian Commander
the Congress
Senate
Courts
Marbury v. Madison
Supreme Court
Congress
Congress
The Chief Justice
James Madison
Federalist 51
republicans
two
one
twelve bills
Andrew Jackson
override fifteen
Tenure of Office Act
Grover Cleveland
Johnson
Roosevelt
Congress
national security
"checks and balances"
the Congress
Florida Supreme Court
the Florida Supreme Court
architectura
architectura
Architecture
Architectural works
Historical civilizations
Latin
Latin architectura
planning, designing buildings and other architects
works of art
Historical civilizations
De architectura
Vitruvius
1st century AD
firmitas, utilitas, venustas
De architectura
Vitruvius
architect
firmitas, utilitas, venustas
firmness, commodity and delight
the 16th century
Vasari
Italian, French, Spanish and English
Leon Battista Alberti
Leon Battista Alberti
an inherent part of an object
the Golden mean
16th
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
1836
Contrasts
1836
neo-medieval world
Gothic
John Ruskin
John Ruskin
art critic
1849
mental health, power, and pleasure
a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned"
aesthetic
"adorned"
string courses
20th
Le Corbusier
architect
20th-century
heart
happy
functional
aesthetic, psychological and cultural
Vitruvius
practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural
popularity and skepticism
empiricism, structuralism
structuralism
empiricism, structuralism
empiricism
late 20th century
sustainable architecture
environmental
non-sustainable
helter security, worship
knowledge
a craft
architecture
building materials
vernacular buildings
urbanization thus creating urban areas
trial and error
vernacular architecture
rural
urbanization thus creating urban areas
very rapidly
Egypt and Mesopotamia
Egypt and Mesopotamia
divine and the supernatural
the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself
Shilpa Shastras of ancient India
China
5th centuries BCE
Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra
Shilpa Shastras
pantheistic
Buddhist
3rd century BCE
macrocosm and the microcosm
Shastras
Buddhist architecture
pantheistic
Middle East, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent
the 7th century CE
Byzantium
religious and social
pointed arch
abbeys and cathedrals
abbeys and cathedrals
clerics and tradesmen
pan-European style
Gothic
900 CE
1400 onwards
1400
Renaissance Europe
1400 onwards
the role of the individual in society
artist, architect and engineer
functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic
functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic
space and ambience
Nunzia Rondanini
aesthetic dimension
social life
social development
its aesthetic dimension
art
perfection
perfection
religious or empirical ones
building types
religious or empirical ones
Architectural "style"
ancient time
formal prescriptions
canons
1st-century BCE
religious
guilds
written contracts
organise their trades
Magister lathomorum
proportions and structure
artist
architecture and engineering
technical aspects of building design
"gentleman architect"
context and feasibility
École des Beaux-Arts in France
mass production and consumption
ornamented products
ornamented products
pattern books
architectural
20th century
Modern Architecture
1907
to produce better quality made objects
Bauhaus school
avant-garde
middle and working classes
middle and working classes
functional and structural
historical references and ornament
Frank Lloyd Wright
Robie House and Fallingwater
to promote harmony
the Industrial Revolution
steel-frame
International Style
aesthetic epitomized
Minoru Yamasaki
decorative richness
Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen
unfinished concrete
Eero Saarinen
metaphoric architecture
biomorphism and zoomorphic
nature as the primary source of inspiration
expressionist
1950s and 1960s
modernism
expanding human experience using historical buildings as models and precedents
Robert Venturi
ducks
the 1980s
one person
Modernism and Postmodernism
Environmental sustainability
environment
Frank Lloyd Wright
Buckminster
U.S. Green Building Council
New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture
modernist and globally uniform architecture
New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and classical design
modernist and globally uniform architecture
life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators
A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer
Mahbub ul Haq
United Nations Development Programme
higher
2010
level of human development
HDI or the IHDI
HDI or the IHDI
1990
Sen initially opposed this idea
people-centered policies
1990
Life expectancy
Life expectancy
Expected years of schooling
Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
December 14, 2015
2014
July 24, 2014
2013
the average level of human development of people in a society
average
Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba
high human development
lack of necessary data
United Nations Member States
March 14, 2013
2012
average
Andorra, Qatar, Barbados
Andorra, Qatar, Barbados
2011
Andorra, Brunei, Malta
Andorra, Brunei, Malta
unavailability of certain crucial data
United Nations
November 4, 2010
2010
life expectancy, and education
Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Malta, Brunei, Bahrain and Barbados
unavailability of certain crucial data
Cuba
a High Human Development country
October 5, 2009
up to 2007
Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development
"very high human development"
developed countries
non-UN member or unwilling to provide the necessary data
so-called "s Statisttical update
an accompanying Human Development Report
up to 2006
November 27, 2007
climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world
an HDI for 2005
2005
Brasília, Brazil
high income countries
0.5
Africa
119th
119th
Gabon and South Africa
0.8 or more
Southeast Asia
Albania, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia
red arrows
green arrows
Blue dashes
Japan
Iceland
national performance and ranking
Western or towards Eastern models of development
global
egalitarianism
three
2010
The Economist
169
169
Mediterranean Europe
Iberian peninsula
the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal)
southern France
political, economic, and flora
geography, climate
Mediterranean
Western and Southern coastal regions
dry hills, smalls, pine forests
the mountain ranges of Spain and Italy
Cooler climates
Atlantic
phytochoria
Armen Takhtajan
classical antiquity
city-states
Alexander the Great
Rome
Constantinople
Germanic peoples
476
300 AD
zantine Empire
Germanic peoples
kingdoms and empires
the Crusades
1204
Genoa and Venice
The Reconquista
Byzantine Empire
the Late Middle Ages
the Black Death
the Ottoman Empire
1453
the 14th century
Florence
classical Greek and Roman knowledge
classical Greek and Roman
Portugal and Spain
1648
Spain and France
Galileo Galilei
Guglielmo Marconi
the rise of colonial empires
Columbian Exchange
manufacturing
Industrial Revolution of Great Britain
independence wars
the Ottoman Empire
1870
The Age of Empire
1914
1914
Paris Peace Conference
Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler
Italy sought to gain control of the continent by the Second World War.
Mussolini
Warsaw Pact
European Union
market rules, competition, legal standards and environmentalism
1989
1991
2013
Italian
San Marino, and the Vatican
eastern Spain
Galician
40 million
Hellenic
Cyprus
Macedonian
Bulgarian
Slovenian in Slovenia
English
Spanish
Maltese
Albanian
Semitic
northern Spain and southwestern France
Christianity
380 AD
Roman Catholic
Greek Orthodox
classification
statistical convenience
the sub-regions according to the UN
Tourism Decision Metrics
Tourism Decision Metrics
BBC Television
Royal charter
2 November 1936
2 November 1936
United Kingdom
30%
television production companies
30 September 1929
Long Acre, London
30 lines
June 1932
30 March
Broadcasting House, London
telephone line
electromechanical
Brookmans Park
February 1934
Alexandra Palace in London
VHF
240
405-
Monday to Saturday
six months
mechanical camera
13 February 1937
40 kilometres
1938
RCA
a British television set
Brookmans Park
2 August 1932
Opening of the BBC Television Service
King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
September 1939
VHF transmissions
radar
Mickey's Gala Premier (1933)
1933
18,999
Jasmine Bligh
7 June 1946 at 15:00
Lime Grove The Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later.[unreliable source?] Alexandra Palace was the home base of the channel until the early 1950s
Mickey Mouse
Birmingham
Sutton Coldfield
405-line interlaced image on VHF
VHF
"BBC tv"
ITV
Doctor Who
Alexandra Palace
BBC2
ITV
a massive power failure
Battersea Power Station
Denis Tuohy
BBC Two
15 November 1969
soap opera or standard news
Sir Attenborough
heavyweight documentaries and documentary series such as Civilisation, The Ascent of Man and Horizon
1967
2000
2 episodes
CBBC
BBC Natural History Unit
the 1950s
Life of Plants
fi
(Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
local announcers
local news
Patrick Kielty Almost Live
River City
Gaelic-speaking viewers
Eːpa and Dè a-nis
Patrick Kielty Almost Live
25%
The Simpsons
Neighbours
teletext
1974
interactive BBCi service
March 2003
Astra 2D
March 2003
£85 million
Western Europe
Hollywood studios and sporting organisations
Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football
Scottish Cup and Scottish Cup football
5 July 2004
television
newsreel
Little Angels
Jana Bennett
BBC Vision
BBC Vision
2008
November 2008
Keeping Up Appearances
1000 times
BBC Worldwide
annually
funded by a television licence fee
Television in 2013
Danny Cohen
producing, scheduling and broadcasting
December 2004
December 2004 and April 2006
general entertainment
July 30, 1947
Alois Schwarzenegger
two
15
seven
Conan the Barbarian
20
"Austrian Oak"
Schwarzenegger completed his second term as governor.
Republican
-Governor Gray Davis
January 5, 2007
Thal
Arnold's mother's maidened Arnold Alois
Schwarzenegger was born in Thal, a village bordering the city of Graz in Styria, Austria
mainfeldwebel
Gustav
refrigerator
soccer
Steve Reeves, and Johnny Weissmuller
police officer
Steve Reeves
1971
Patrick. Schwarzenegger
a stroke
Barbara Baker
Fortune
Mr. Universe
Junior Mr. Europe
1966
London
Reg Park
his leg
three
Robert Putziger
21, speaking little English
21, speaking little English
New York
Ric Drasin
LA Weekly
The Education of a Bodybuilder
Santa Monica College in California
Transcendental Meditation
anxiety
Arnold Classic
monthly
$250,000
executive editor
Junior Mr. Europe
seven
a half an hour
Munich stone-lifting contest
1969
Schwarzenegger
1970
youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23
Franco Columbu
1975
Mr. Olympia
Pumping Iron
three months
Jeff Bridges
Conan
seven weeks
a seventh time
1977
Willi Heepe
US$10,000
The Globe
Hercules
"Arnold Strong,"
Robert Altman
New Male Star of the Year
weird
1991
1980
The Incred Hulk
The Villain
Conan the Destroyer
1985
James Cameron
Sylvester Stallone
The Running Man 1987
Twins
$10 million
Christmas in Connecticut
Tales from the Crypt
Terminator 2: Judgment Day
the National Association of Theatre Owners
True Lies
Best Actor – Musical or Comedy
$150 million
82 ft
Forum Stadtpark
The Kid & I
the Governator
Stan Lee
With Wings as Eagles
Randall Wallace
May 20
10 years
Escape Plan
Terminator Genisys
2015
2004
"Stop the Madness"
1988
-Vice President George H.W. Bush
"Conan the Republican"
1999
The Hollywood Reporter
August 6, 2003
one debates with other recall replacement candidates
55.4%
Bustamante
1.3 million votes
31%
Schwarzenegger
Willie Brown
"Hans and Franz"
November
four
Susan Kennedy
Democrat Phil Angelides, the California State Treasurer
San Francisco
the United States Senate
Wendy Leigh
Sargent Shriver
The Simpsons Movie
becoming naturalized in 1983
Austrian
Senator McCain
Giuliani
their concerns for the environment and economy
Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in
89%
89%
"Gropegate"
six
Los Angeles Times
bathing suit
GQ
pumping iron
Anna Richardson
The 6th Day in London
Sheryl Main
1968
Peter Pilz
September 27, 2006
refineries
2020
Northeast
solar panels to heat his home
2009
Northeast's Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
Detroit
Article II, Section I, Clause V
New York Post
Columbia University
index cards
30
Franco Columbu
San Fernando earthquake
$10,000
Planet Hollywood
2000
Hard Rock Cafe
Dimensional Fund Advisors
Columbus, Ohio
Oak Productions, Inc. and Fitness Publications
Simon & Schuster
Schatzi On Main
Schatzi On Main
"little treasure," colloquial for "honey" or "darling" in German
1998
2011
$38 million
2006
polite society
Apollo Moon landing
Sue Moray
Robert F. Kennedy Tennis Tournament
August 1978
Schwarzenegger married television journalist Maria Shriver
Hyannis
four
Heather Milligan
25 years
the Los Angeles Times
20
Joseph
2010
Bob Kaufman
Schwarzenegger
spousal support
Brigitte Nielsen
bipid aortic valve
1997
Patrick
his right femur
Sun Valley, Idaho
Van Nuys Airport
6'1.5" (1.87 m)
Herb Wesson
5'10".
Total Recall
"The Secret"
October 2012
1992
street-legal
dark brown
6,300 lb (2,900 kg)
US$21,000
California Hydrogen Highway Network
Department of Energy
Inner City Games Foundation (ICG)
Shanghai
400
Sol Price School of Public Policy
2012
chairman
60 km
190 miles (310 km) west-south-west
Plym
Devon
Plymouth Sound
Mount Batten
Plymouth
1620
1642 and 1646
Plymouth Colony
Devonport
1928
Plymouth Blitz
1967
East Stonehouse
261,546
30th
three MPs
antander
Plymouth University
Mount Batten
Mount Batten
mouth/estuaries of the Tamar
11th
south town in Old English
"mouth of the River Plym"
King Henry VI
mouth of the River Plym
1340
Breton raiders
1596
Sutton Pool
1512
Sir John Hawkins
Sir Francis Drake
1588
1620
Plymouth Colony
the Parliamentarians
four years
Freedom Fields Park
1660
Drake's Island
18th
17th
1690
River Tamar
318
3,000
Stoke
timber
Devonport
Stonehouse
John Foulston
Union Street
William Cookworthy
1768
Local chemist
John Smeaton
2
John Rennie
1841
18
Devonport
sodium nitrate
Devonport
Devonport
Flying boats
Mount Batten
Royal Australian Air Force
Western Approaches Command
59
more than 1,000 civilians
3,700 houses
Sir Patrick Abercrombie
1000 homes
overcrowded and unsanitary slums
1962
grade II
Ark Royal
1971
42 Commando of the Royal Marines
Domesday Book
1086
Sudtone, Saxon
1254
1439
Nancy Astor
Plymouth Sutton
18 October 1928
1935
Plymstock
Plymouth Devonport
Secretary of State for Education
the 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act
Labour party
Plymouth
250,000 people
The 1971 Local Government White Paper
Tamarside
1 April 1974
Banham Commission
South West England
Gary Streeter
Conservative
Moor View
three
57
a third
Brest
2001
King George V
six
Lord Mayor
King George V
3 Elliot Terrace
Lady Astor
Armada Way
June 2007
£40m
River Tamar
River Plym
Cornwall
Plymouth Sound
1967
Cattewater
1814
Drake's Island
30.83
Roborough
Site of Special Scientific Interest
Lower Devonian slates
granite
Upper Devonian slates
geology
the Hoe
Dartmoor
Dartmoor
Cattedown
limestone
27 April 1944
Patrick Abercrombie
Union Street
David MacKay
28
Cfb
11 °C (52 °F)
February
20 cm
July
Atlantic depressions
autumn
980 millimetres (39 in)
June
south-west
1,600
South West England
80 °F
June 1976
4.25
26.6
June 1976
25,895
22nd largest
3,000
£160 million
1992
The University of St Mark & St John
teacher training
College of Art
26,000
153
four
two
13 state secondary schools
13
three
Plymouth College
Devonport High School for Boys
Royal Naval Engineering College
1910
Dockyard Technical College
1910
University of Southampton
Marine Laboratory
Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences
Plymouth University's Marine Institute
Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership
National Marine Aquarium
256,384
240,720
15,664
2.3 persons
0.5%
25%
5,169 million
£19,943
£19,943
7.0%
26.2%
78.3 years
82.1
lowest
12,000
7,500
1793
Plymouth Gin Distillery
1930s
10%
Devonport Dockyard
270
500
Devonport Dockyard
Pannier Market
1959
29th
Tinside Pool
£3.4 million
Vision for Plymouth
David Mackay
Plymouth Chamber of Commerce (PCC)
300,000
33,000
2004
October 2006
wasteland at Cattedown
RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture
David Mackay
Bretonside bus station
Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena
Millbay
The Parkway
40 miles (65 km) away
Tamar Bridge
mouth City Airport
First South West
Spain (Santander)
Spain
MV Armorique
Stonehouse
1204
Plymouth City Airport
6
2018
FlyPlymouth
1877
Great Western Railway
Cornish Main Line
Three
CrossCountry
4 February 2014
130
4 April 2014
February 2014
150
1858
St Andrew's
St Andrew's (Anglican)
twenty Methodist chapels
"Moses the Jew"
1762
Listed Grade II
Ashkenazi
58.1%
0.8%
almost doubled
58.1%
-16%
1815
Charlie Chaplin
30
servicemen's playground
British Firework Championships
August 2006
Roy Lowry of the University of Plymouth
the University of Plymouth
1992
1,315
200
free
six
1961 to 2009
Plymouth
West Country
16 February 2009
ITV West
BBC Radio Devon
Plymouth Argyle F.C.
Football League Two
Home Park
The Pilgrims
Vospers Oak Villa F.C.
Plymouth Albion Rugby Football Club
Plymouth Admirals
1875
Plymouth Pavilions
1983
1823
September 2011
nine
1973
Plymouth County Borough Corporation
24 April 1591
River Meavy
1801
Plymouth City Council
Plymouth City Council
Western Power Distribution
2009
Plympton
1836
Crownhill
five fire stations
Millbay Docks
Devon and Cornwall Constabulary
Derriford Hospital
6
Royal Eye Infirmary
Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust
Exeter
2007
Weston Mill
Drake Memorial Park
brass
2007
1666
English Civil War
1759
23
the Armada Memorial
Sutton
1620
Mayflower Steps
400 marine species
100 listed buildings
Crownhill Fort
northern
Landmark Trust
west
70 waymarkers
south-east Cornwall
Kingsand
the Tamar Valley
Henning Larsen
2008
University of Plymouth
Arts
central quarter
Plymothians
Plymothians
Plymothians
Cousin Jan
Tavistock
El Draco
1596
dysentery
Painter Sir Joshua Reynolds
Robert Lenkiewicz
South Devon
Jazz
Keith Rowe
Trematon Castle
footballer
Canadian
Lyndon B. Johnson
The Right Stuff
comedian |