metadata

pipeline_tag: text-generation
tags:
  - conversational

Llama-2-13b-chat-dutch

NOTE 15/3: I do not recommend the use of this model. It was created with limited compute and data. Instead, try the much more powerful Mistral-based GEITje 7B Ultra!

This model is a fine-tuned version of BramVanroy/llama2-13b-ft-mc4_nl_cleaned_tiny on the BramVanroy/dutch_chat_datasets dataset on a context of 4096 tokens. See the original meta-llama/Llama-2-13b-hf for more information, intended use, and biases.

If you use this model or refer to it, please use the following citation:

Vanroy, B. (2023). Language Resources for Dutch Large Language Modelling. https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.12852

@article{vanroy2023language,
  title={Language Resources for {Dutch} Large Language Modelling},
  author={Vanroy, Bram},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.12852},
  year={2023}
}

Usage

from transformers import pipeline, Conversation


chatbot = pipeline(
    "conversational",
    model="BramVanroy/Llama-2-13b-chat-dutch",
    model_kwargs={
        "device_map": "auto",
        "load_in_8bit": True
    }
)

# Ask a first question
conversation = Conversation("Wat zijn enkele kleuren van de regenboog?")
conversation = chatbot(conversation)
# assistant: De regenboog bestaat uit zeven verschillende kleuren: rood, oranje, geel, groen, blauw, indigo en violet.

# Ask a second question
conversation.add_user_input("Interessant! Hoe worden die kleuren gevormd?")
conversation = chatbot(conversation)
print(conversation)
# Conversation id: d8abbddb-6249-4699-b789-d1b42bb4fd71
# user: Wat zijn enkele kleuren van de regenboog?
# assistant: De regenboog bestaat uit zeven verschillende kleuren: rood, oranje, geel, groen, blauw, indigo en violet.
# user: Interessant! Hoe worden die kleuren gevormd?
# assistant: De kleuren van de regenboog worden gevormd door het breken van licht door waterdruppels in de atmosfeer. Elke druppel heeft een unieke grootte en vorm, waardoor het licht dat door de druppel gaat wordt gefragmenteerd en verschillende kleuren op de bodem van de druppel wordt weerkaatst.

Model description

I could not get the original Llama 2 13B to produce much Dutch, even though the description paper indicates that it was trained on a (small) portion of Dutch data. I therefore continued training the original Llama 2 13B checkpoint on Dutch data in regular CLM. In a second step I finetuned that model on a collection of synthetic (translated) instruction and chat datasets that I have collected. See their pages for licensing, usage, creation, and citation information.

This model is the result of that process. While not perfect by any means, it can perform reasonably well in Dutch depending on the prompts. It is also decent at helping with programming tasks.

Intended uses & limitations

Depending on the prompt, the model can return good results considering that it is only 13B in size and was only marginally pretrained on Dutch. That being said, the model was not trained on human feedback and contains no safe-guards so it may produce unexpected and even offensive content depending on the query. The only attempt of a safe-guard is the default prompt that it was trained on, which was

Je bent een behulpzame, respectvolle en eerlijke assistent. Antwoord altijd zo behulpzaam mogelijk. Je antwoorden mogen geen schadelijke, onethische, racistische, seksistische, gevaarlijke of illegale inhoud bevatten. Zorg ervoor dat je antwoorden sociaal onbevooroordeeld en positief van aard zijn.\n\nAls een vraag nergens op slaat of feitelijk niet coherent is, leg dan uit waarom in plaats van iets niet correct te antwoorden. Als je het antwoord op een vraag niet weet, deel dan geen onjuiste informatie.

This system message is automatically applied when you use a conversational pipeline or when you use tokenizer.apply_chat_template.

Use this model with caution and at your own risk!

Because the model was trained on synthetic data, translated with OpenAI's API, you cannot use this model to create a competitive product to theirs.

Training procedure

Trained with 4096 tokens context length. The dataset was preprocessed so that as many as possible dialogs were put in a single batch, without disrupting dialogs. In other words, a dialog was never split up over different sequences or batches. During training, the human prompts were ignored in back propagation.

Trained with LoRA targetting ["q_proj", "v_proj"] in 4 bit and merged before upload. Trained with Flash Attention as borrowed from here.

The adapters are in the adapters branch.

Training hyperparameters

The following hyperparameters were used during training:

learning_rate: 0.0002
train_batch_size: 2
eval_batch_size: 2
seed: 42
distributed_type: multi-GPU
num_devices: 4
gradient_accumulation_steps: 8
total_train_batch_size: 64
total_eval_batch_size: 8
optimizer: Adam with betas=(0.9,0.95) and epsilon=1e-08
lr_scheduler_type: cosine
lr_scheduler_warmup_ratio: 0.03
num_epochs: 2

Training results

Training Loss	Epoch	Step	Validation Loss
1.0193	0.09	20	1.1583
0.9743	0.17	40	1.1339
0.9159	0.26	60	1.1218
0.9131	0.35	80	1.1153
0.8816	0.44	100	1.1130
0.8977	0.52	120	1.1069
0.9061	0.61	140	1.1025
0.8672	0.7	160	1.1024
0.8956	0.79	180	1.0971
0.8514	0.87	200	1.0995
0.8357	0.96	220	1.0952
0.8294	1.05	240	1.0964
0.8531	1.13	260	1.0947
0.8321	1.22	280	1.0951
0.8365	1.31	300	1.0910
0.8616	1.4	320	1.0894
0.8397	1.48	340	1.0904
0.861	1.57	360	1.0880
0.8116	1.66	380	1.0871
0.8285	1.74	400	1.0855
0.8603	1.83	420	1.0856
0.8126	1.92	440	1.0848

Framework versions

Transformers 4.31.0
Pytorch 2.0.1+cu117
Datasets 2.14.4
Tokenizers 0.13.3

Open LLM Leaderboard Evaluation Results (English)

Detailed results can be found here

Metric	Value
Avg.	46.91
ARC (25-shot)	59.3
HellaSwag (10-shot)	81.45
MMLU (5-shot)	55.82
TruthfulQA (0-shot)	38.23
Winogrande (5-shot)	76.64
GSM8K (5-shot)	10.69
DROP (3-shot)	6.28

Open LLM Leaderboard Evaluation Results (Dutch)

Results can be found here

Metric	Value
Avg.	0.43
ARC (25-shot)	0.38
HellaSwag (10-shot)	0.56
MMLU (5-shot)	0.35
TruthfulQA (0-shot)	0.44