README.md

---
base_model: sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
datasets: []
language: []
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy
- cosine_accuracy_threshold
- cosine_f1
- cosine_f1_threshold
- cosine_precision
- cosine_recall
- cosine_ap
- dot_accuracy
- dot_accuracy_threshold
- dot_f1
- dot_f1_threshold
- dot_precision
- dot_recall
- dot_ap
- manhattan_accuracy
- manhattan_accuracy_threshold
- manhattan_f1
- manhattan_f1_threshold
- manhattan_precision
- manhattan_recall
- manhattan_ap
- euclidean_accuracy
- euclidean_accuracy_threshold
- euclidean_f1
- euclidean_f1_threshold
- euclidean_precision
- euclidean_recall
- euclidean_ap
- max_accuracy
- max_accuracy_threshold
- max_f1
- max_f1_threshold
- max_precision
- max_recall
- max_ap
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:560
- loss:CoSENTLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: Let's search inside
  sentences:
  - Stuffed animal
  - Let's look inside
  - What is worse?
- source_sentence: I want a torch
  sentences:
  - What do you think of Spike
  - Actually I want a torch
  - Why candle?
- source_sentence: Magic trace
  sentences:
  - A sword.
  - ' Why is he so tiny?'
  - 'The flower is changed into flower. '
- source_sentence: Did you use illusion?
  sentences:
  - Do you use illusion?
  - You are a cat?
  - It's Toby
- source_sentence: Do you see your scarf in the watering can?
  sentences:
  - What is the Weeping Tree?
  - Are these your footprints?
  - Magic user
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2
  results:
  - task:
      type: binary-classification
      name: Binary Classification
    dataset:
      name: custom arc semantics data
      type: custom-arc-semantics-data
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_accuracy
      value: 0.9285714285714286
      name: Cosine Accuracy
    - type: cosine_accuracy_threshold
      value: 0.42927420139312744
      name: Cosine Accuracy Threshold
    - type: cosine_f1
      value: 0.9425287356321839
      name: Cosine F1
    - type: cosine_f1_threshold
      value: 0.2269928753376007
      name: Cosine F1 Threshold
    - type: cosine_precision
      value: 0.9111111111111111
      name: Cosine Precision
    - type: cosine_recall
      value: 0.9761904761904762
      name: Cosine Recall
    - type: cosine_ap
      value: 0.9720863676601571
      name: Cosine Ap
    - type: dot_accuracy
      value: 0.9285714285714286
      name: Dot Accuracy
    - type: dot_accuracy_threshold
      value: 0.42927438020706177
      name: Dot Accuracy Threshold
    - type: dot_f1
      value: 0.9425287356321839
      name: Dot F1
    - type: dot_f1_threshold
      value: 0.22699296474456787
      name: Dot F1 Threshold
    - type: dot_precision
      value: 0.9111111111111111
      name: Dot Precision
    - type: dot_recall
      value: 0.9761904761904762
      name: Dot Recall
    - type: dot_ap
      value: 0.9720863676601571
      name: Dot Ap
    - type: manhattan_accuracy
      value: 0.9285714285714286
      name: Manhattan Accuracy
    - type: manhattan_accuracy_threshold
      value: 16.630834579467773
      name: Manhattan Accuracy Threshold
    - type: manhattan_f1
      value: 0.9431818181818182
      name: Manhattan F1
    - type: manhattan_f1_threshold
      value: 19.740108489990234
      name: Manhattan F1 Threshold
    - type: manhattan_precision
      value: 0.9021739130434783
      name: Manhattan Precision
    - type: manhattan_recall
      value: 0.9880952380952381
      name: Manhattan Recall
    - type: manhattan_ap
      value: 0.9728353486982702
      name: Manhattan Ap
    - type: euclidean_accuracy
      value: 0.9285714285714286
      name: Euclidean Accuracy
    - type: euclidean_accuracy_threshold
      value: 1.068155288696289
      name: Euclidean Accuracy Threshold
    - type: euclidean_f1
      value: 0.9425287356321839
      name: Euclidean F1
    - type: euclidean_f1_threshold
      value: 1.2433418035507202
      name: Euclidean F1 Threshold
    - type: euclidean_precision
      value: 0.9111111111111111
      name: Euclidean Precision
    - type: euclidean_recall
      value: 0.9761904761904762
      name: Euclidean Recall
    - type: euclidean_ap
      value: 0.9720863676601571
      name: Euclidean Ap
    - type: max_accuracy
      value: 0.9285714285714286
      name: Max Accuracy
    - type: max_accuracy_threshold
      value: 16.630834579467773
      name: Max Accuracy Threshold
    - type: max_f1
      value: 0.9431818181818182
      name: Max F1
    - type: max_f1_threshold
      value: 19.740108489990234
      name: Max F1 Threshold
    - type: max_precision
      value: 0.9111111111111111
      name: Max Precision
    - type: max_recall
      value: 0.9880952380952381
      name: Max Recall
    - type: max_ap
      value: 0.9728353486982702
      name: Max Ap
---

# SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2) <!-- at revision 8b3219a92973c328a8e22fadcfa821b5dc75636a -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 256 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 384 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 256, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("LeoChiuu/all-MiniLM-L6-v2")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Do you see your scarf in the watering can?',
    'Are these your footprints?',
    'Magic user',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

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## Evaluation

### Metrics

#### Binary Classification
* Dataset: `custom-arc-semantics-data`
* Evaluated with [<code>BinaryClassificationEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.BinaryClassificationEvaluator)

| Metric                       | Value      |
|:-----------------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy              | 0.9286     |
| cosine_accuracy_threshold    | 0.4293     |
| cosine_f1                    | 0.9425     |
| cosine_f1_threshold          | 0.227      |
| cosine_precision             | 0.9111     |
| cosine_recall                | 0.9762     |
| cosine_ap                    | 0.9721     |
| dot_accuracy                 | 0.9286     |
| dot_accuracy_threshold       | 0.4293     |
| dot_f1                       | 0.9425     |
| dot_f1_threshold             | 0.227      |
| dot_precision                | 0.9111     |
| dot_recall                   | 0.9762     |
| dot_ap                       | 0.9721     |
| manhattan_accuracy           | 0.9286     |
| manhattan_accuracy_threshold | 16.6308    |
| manhattan_f1                 | 0.9432     |
| manhattan_f1_threshold       | 19.7401    |
| manhattan_precision          | 0.9022     |
| manhattan_recall             | 0.9881     |
| manhattan_ap                 | 0.9728     |
| euclidean_accuracy           | 0.9286     |
| euclidean_accuracy_threshold | 1.0682     |
| euclidean_f1                 | 0.9425     |
| euclidean_f1_threshold       | 1.2433     |
| euclidean_precision          | 0.9111     |
| euclidean_recall             | 0.9762     |
| euclidean_ap                 | 0.9721     |
| max_accuracy                 | 0.9286     |
| max_accuracy_threshold       | 16.6308    |
| max_f1                       | 0.9432     |
| max_f1_threshold             | 19.7401    |
| max_precision                | 0.9111     |
| max_recall                   | 0.9881     |
| **max_ap**                   | **0.9728** |

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## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 560 training samples
* Columns: <code>text1</code>, <code>text2</code>, and <code>label</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | text1                                                                           | text2                                                                            | label                                           |
  |:--------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                          | string                                                                           | int                                             |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.2 tokens</li><li>max: 18 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.26 tokens</li><li>max: 18 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>0: ~36.07%</li><li>1: ~63.93%</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | text1                                                | text2                                                                     | label          |
  |:-----------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------|
  | <code>When it was dinner</code>                      | <code>Dinner time</code>                                                  | <code>1</code> |
  | <code>Did you cook chicken noodle last night?</code> | <code>Did you make chicken noodle for dinner?</code>                      | <code>1</code> |
  | <code>Someone who can change item</code>             | <code>Someone who uses magic that turns something into something. </code> | <code>1</code> |
* Loss: [<code>CoSENTLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosentloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim"
  }
  ```

### Evaluation Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 140 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>text1</code>, <code>text2</code>, and <code>label</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | text1                                                                            | text2                                                                            | label                                           |
  |:--------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                           | string                                                                           | int                                             |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 6.99 tokens</li><li>max: 18 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 7.29 tokens</li><li>max: 18 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>0: ~40.00%</li><li>1: ~60.00%</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | text1                                    | text2                                    | label          |
  |:-----------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------|:---------------|
  | <code>Let's check inside</code>          | <code>Let's search inside</code>         | <code>1</code> |
  | <code>Sohpie, are you okay?</code>       | <code>Sophie Are you pressured?</code>   | <code>0</code> |
  | <code>This wine glass is related.</code> | <code>This sword looks important.</code> | <code>0</code> |
* Loss: [<code>CoSENTLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#cosentloss) with these parameters:
  ```json
  {
      "scale": 20.0,
      "similarity_fct": "pairwise_cos_sim"
  }
  ```

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `num_train_epochs`: 13
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `fp16`: True
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 8
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 8
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 2e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 13
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: True
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch | Step | Training Loss | loss   | custom-arc-semantics-data_max_ap |
|:-----:|:----:|:-------------:|:------:|:--------------------------------:|
| None  | 0    | -             | -      | 0.9254                           |
| 1.0   | 70   | 2.9684        | 1.4087 | 0.9425                           |
| 2.0   | 140  | 1.4461        | 1.0942 | 0.9629                           |
| 3.0   | 210  | 0.6005        | 0.8398 | 0.9680                           |
| 4.0   | 280  | 0.3021        | 0.7577 | 0.9703                           |
| 5.0   | 350  | 0.2412        | 0.7216 | 0.9715                           |
| 6.0   | 420  | 0.1816        | 0.7538 | 0.9722                           |
| 7.0   | 490  | 0.1512        | 0.8049 | 0.9726                           |
| 8.0   | 560  | 0.1208        | 0.7602 | 0.9726                           |
| 9.0   | 630  | 0.0915        | 0.7286 | 0.9729                           |
| 10.0  | 700  | 0.0553        | 0.7072 | 0.9729                           |
| 11.0  | 770  | 0.0716        | 0.6984 | 0.9730                           |
| 12.0  | 840  | 0.0297        | 0.7063 | 0.9725                           |
| 13.0  | 910  | 0.0462        | 0.6997 | 0.9728                           |


### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.14
- Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
- Transformers: 4.44.2
- PyTorch: 2.4.1+cu121
- Accelerate: 0.34.2
- Datasets: 2.20.0
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

#### CoSENTLoss
```bibtex
@online{kexuefm-8847,
    title={CoSENT: A more efficient sentence vector scheme than Sentence-BERT},
    author={Su Jianlin},
    year={2022},
    month={Jan},
    url={https://kexue.fm/archives/8847},
}
```

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