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Browse files- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna.json +33 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json +100 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json +102 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Mishna Berahot, translation J. Wilhelm, 2019 [fr].json +39 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json +101 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Open Mishnah.json +100 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json +40 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json +101 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json +102 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json +102 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/merged.json +98 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json +100 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json +104 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json +102 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/Hebrew/merged.json +98 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/English/Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json +74 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json +77 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json +76 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json +75 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json +78 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/English/merged.json +73 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json +75 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json +79 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json +77 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/Hebrew/merged.json +73 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/English/Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json +65 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json +68 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json +67 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json +56 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json +69 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/English/Wikisource Mishna.json +35 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/English/merged.json +64 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json +66 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json +70 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json +68 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/Hebrew/merged.json +64 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Sheviit/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json +136 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Sheviit/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json +135 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Sheviit/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json +137 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Sheviit/English/merged.json +132 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/English/Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json +147 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json +150 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/English/Mishna Yomit.json +63 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json +149 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json +124 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json +150 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json +148 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json +152 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json +150 -0
- json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/Hebrew/merged.json +146 -0
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna.json
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{
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"language": "en",
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"title": "Mishnah Berakhot",
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"versionTitle": "Eighteen Treatises from the Mishna",
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"status": "locked",
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"license": "Public Domain",
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"versionTitleInHebrew": "שמונה עשרה מסכתות משנה",
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"shortVersionTitle": "David Aaron Sola and Morris Jacob Raphall, 1845",
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"From what time is the שמע to be said in the evening? From the time the priests again enter [the sanctuary] to eat their heave offerings, until the close of the first watch [of the night]. Such is the dictum of R. Eleazar; but the sages say, \"until midnight.\" Rabbon Gamaliel saith, \"until the break of dawn.\" It happened [once] that his sons returned from a banquet [after midnight]. They said to him, \"We have not yet said the שמע.\" He replied, \"If the day is not yet dawned, ye are bound to say it: and,\" added he, \"not only in this [instance], but every [duty the performance of which] the sages say [is limited] to midnight only, the legal obligation does not cease until the break of dawn. [Thus in] the burning of the fat and members [of sacrifices] the legal obligation [is in force] till break of dawn. And all [offerings] which must be eaten the slime day [they have been brought] the legal obligation [extends] until the break of dawn.\" Such being the case, why do the sages say \"until midnight\" only? To withhold man from transgression.",
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"From what time is the שמע to be said in the morning? From the time man can distinguish between blue and white. R. Eleazar saith, \"between blue and leek-green.\" And it may be said, \"until the sun shines forth [over the mountain tops].\" R. Joshua saith, \"until the third hour,\" for such is the habit of royal princes who rise at the third hour. He who says the שמע after that time loses nothing, [but is] like any man who reads in the Torah.",
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"Beth [the school of] Shammai hold, that in the evening, men are to recline when they say the שמע, and in the morning, they are to stand upright; for it is said, \"when thou liest down, and when thou risest up.\" But Beth Hillel hold, that every man is to say it his own way, [in what posture] he pleases, for it is said, \"when thou walkest by the way.\" Such being the case, why [then] is it said, \"when thou liest down, and when thou risest up\"? The meaning is, at the time when mankind is in the habit to lie down, and at the time when mankind is in the habit to rise. R. Tarphon said, \"Once I came along the road, and reclined, in order to say the שמע, according to the dictum of Beth Shammai; but I exposed myself to danger from robbers.\" They [the sages] answered him, \"Thou wast guilty against thyself [deserving of death] because thou didst violate the decision of Beth Hillel.\"",
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"In the morning, two benedictions are said before [the שמע] and one after it; and in the evening, two benedictions before and two after it, one long and one short. Where they, the sages, have adopted the long [form] no man is authorised to shorten [use the short form]; and where they have adopted the short form no man is authorised to lengthen [use the long form]. [Where they] close [with a benediction] no man is authorised not [so] to close: and [where they do] not close [with a benediction] no man is authorised [so] to close.",
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"The exit from Egypt is to be mentioned at night. R. Eleazar ben Azariah saith, \"Verily I am as a man of 70 years, [almost 70 years of age], but have not succeeded [to prove] that the exit from Egypt ought to be mentioned at night, until Ben Zoma [thus] expounded [the law]: 'that thou mayest remember the day of thy going forth from the land of Egypt all the days of thy life.' 'The days of thy life,' would denote the days only; but [the expression] 'all the days of thy life' [includes] the nights [likewise]. But the sages say, 'the days of thy life,' [denote] the world [in its present state], whereas 'all the days of thy life' [include] the future days of Messiah [likewise].\""
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]
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],
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"sectionNames": [
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"Chapter",
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"Mishnah"
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}
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json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json
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{
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"title": "Mishnah Berakhot",
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"text": [
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[
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"A partir de quel moment récite-t-on la prière de shema<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"C'est la principale formule de la liturgie juive, qui a été ainsi désignée d'après le mot par lequel elle commence: Schema', écoute Israël, etc. \"\" Elle se compose de six versets du Deutéronome (Dt 6, 4-9) que l'ont doit réciter soir et matin.\"</i> du soir? Depuis l’instant auquel les cohanim rentrent au Temple pour manger de la terouma (oblation)<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Lorsqu'un Cohen, officiant du temple, était devenu impur, il ne pouvait manger des saintetés pendant toute la journée; au coucher du soleil, il allait prendre un bain de purification, puis il pouvait manger les oblations qui faisaient partie de ses revenus. voyez (Lv 22, 7).\"</i>, jusqu’à la fin de la première veille<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> On suppose la nuit partagée en trois ou quatre veilles, de quatre ou trois heures chacune. L'Eglise a conservé la dénomination de vigiles (pour ses offices) d'après cette même division. La nuit, quelle que soit sa longueur, est divisée en douze heures, variables selon la saison, car ce sont moins des heures que des fractions de la nuit plus ou moins longues: la 1ère heure = 6 heures du soir à 7 h., et ainsi de suite.</i>. C’est l’avis de R. Eliézer; les (autres) sages<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ou la plupart des docteurs, c'est-à-dire la majorité de l'assemblée.</i> disent jusqu’à minuit, et R. Gamliel dit: jusqu’au lever de l’aurore<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Selon le commentaire de Maïmonide, l'aurore précède d'une heure 1/5 le lever du soleil. Il attribue le phénomène optique aux vapeurs qui s'élèvent sans cesse de la terre et rapprochent ainsi par réfraction la lumière du disque solaire. Il fixe la hauteur des nuages, qu'il donne pour celle de l'atmosphère, à 51 milles talmudiques, qui sont de 18' chacun selon les uns, et de 24' selon les autres.</i>. Voici un fait (à l’appui de cet avis): Ses fils, revenant (après minuit) d’un festin, potatio, lui dirent: Nous n’avons pas encore récité le shema. Il leur répondit: si l’aurore n’est pas encore levée, vous devez réciter ladite prière. Non seulement pour ce sujet, mais pour tout ce que les sages ont limité par l’heure de minuit, il est permis légalement de l’accomplir jusqu’à l’aurore. La combustion des graisses ou de membres de certains sacrifices, ainsi que la consommation de tout ce qui a la journée complète pour limite, peut également être accomplie jusqu’à l’aurore. Pourquoi alors dit-on jusqu’à minuit? Pour éloigner l’homme du péché (par une limite anticipée).",
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"A partir de quel moment lit-on le shema du matin? Lorsqu’on peut distinguer le bleu d’avec le blanc, ou, selon R. Eliézer, le bleu du vert (ce qui est plus difficile). On termine cette prière, lorsque le soleil rayonne, ou jusqu’à la troisième heure (9 heures), selon R. Josué<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Pour la division des heures, voir p. 1, n. 3.</i>, car c’est l’usage des princes de se lever à cette heure<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Or, selon les termes bibliques, chacun devra être alors \"\" levé \"\".\"</i>. La lecture faite après cette heure n’est cependant pas sans valeur; elle équivaut à une lecture ordinaire d’un passage de la Tora",
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"L’école de Shammaï dit: Le soir, chacun doit se coucher pour faire cette lecture, et le matin se tenir pour cela debout, car il est écrit (Dt 6, 7): en te couchant et en te levant. L’école d’Hillel dit: Chacun lit à volonté, quelle que soit sa position, puisqu’il est dit (ibid): En parcourant la route<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Or, la marche ne permet de rester debout, et encore moins d'être couché.</i>. Pourquoi est-il dit alors: En te couchant et en te levant? Cela signifie: Au moment où les hommes se couchent et lorsqu’ils se lèvent. Je me suis trouvé en route, dit R. Tarphon; et, m’étant penché pour faire la lecture, selon l’avis de Shammaï, j’ai couru le danger d’être pris par les brigands (ne les ayant pas vus à temps): tu mériterais d’être en danger, lui fut-il répondu, pour n’avoir pas suivi l’opinion de Hillel.",
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"Le matin, on dit deux bénédictions avant le shema et une après cette prière; le soir, il est précédé et suivi de deux bénédictions, dont l’une est longue et l’autre courte: dès qu’une prière longue est ordonnée, il n’est pas permis d’en dire une courte, ni de faire l’inverse; lorsqu’on doit la terminer par la formule de clôture (sois loué, Eternel, etc.), il n’est pas permis de supprimer cette formule, et vice versa.",
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"On rappelle dans la prière du soir la sortie d’Egypte R. Eléazar ben-Azariâ dit<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Cf. Sifri, section Reéh, ch. 130 fin.; Mekhilta, section Bô, ch. 16.\"</i>: Je suis presque un septuagénaire, et je n’ai pu parvenir à faire réciter au soir la section contenant la Sortie d’Egypte, que lorsque Ben-Zoma l’eut déduite de ces paroles (Dt 16, 2): Souviens-toi de l’instant où tu es sorti du pays d’Egypte, tous les jours de ta vie. Les jours de ta vie représentent le jour (en général); l’addition du mot tous indique aussi les nuits. Selon les Sages, les jours de ta vie représentent la vie actuelle, et le mot tous comprend les jours du Messie."
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],
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[
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"Si quelqu’un étudie le passage du shema dans le Pentateuque et qu’arrive l’instant de la récitation, il suffira d’y appliquer son attention (à titre de culte); au cas contraire, cette lecture ne suffit pas. Entre les chapitres, l’on peut le premier saluer les personnes qu’il faut honorer et l’on peut répondre aux saluts; au milieu d’un chapitre, on ne doit saluer ni répondre qu’en cas de crainte ou de danger<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> L'interruption de la prière, à moins d'être inévitable ou indispensable, constitue une irrévérence envers Dieu, que le sentiment du respect explique aisément et il ne faut pas oublier, d'autre part, combien les Orientaux attachent de l'importance aux saluts, et quels dangers les Juifs couraient au milieu des Romains.</i>. C’est l’avis de R. Meir. R. Juda dit: Si l’on est au milieu, on adresse le salut en cas de danger, et, pour faire honneur à quelqu’un, l’on répond seulement; mais entre les chapitres, on salue pour faire honneur et l’on répond à tout le monde.",
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"Voici ce qu’on appelle les intervalles des chapitres: entre la première et la seconde bénédiction, entre la seconde et le shema, entre chacune des trois sections du shema, entre celui-ci et la bénédiction que le suit. R. Juda défend l’interruption entre la troisième section et la bénédiction qui suit. Pourquoi, demande R. Josué ben-Korha, les sections sont-elles ainsi disposées<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Pourquoi ne pas dire en dernier la section qui, dans la Bible, est postérieure? Et pourquoi dire celle des Nb après celles du Dt?</i>? Pour qu’on fasse d’abord profession de foi, puis acte d’adhésion aux préceptes de la loi. Le passage (des Nombres) qui forme la troisième section (quoique antérieur) est placé en dernier lieu, parce qu’il ne s’applique qu’au jour<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Il renferme le précepte de porter et de voir les tsitsith (franges).</i>, tandis que la seconde n’a pas de limite.",
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"Si quelqu’un récite le shema tellement bas qu’il ne s’entende pas lui-même<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Sifri à (Dt 6, 4).</i>, il a pourtant accompli le devoir; selon R. Yossé, cela ne suffit pas. S’il récite incorrectement, il n’est pas tenu de recommencer, selon R. Yossé; mais il le faut, selon R. Juda. Celui qui récite à rebours n’est pas dispensé d’une nouvelle lecture, et celui qui se trompe dans sa récitation doit reprendre à partir de l’endroit où il s’est trompé.",
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"Les artisans peuvent faire cette lecture en haut d’un arbre ou d’un mur en construction<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Littéralement: tablette d'érection d'un mur, assise; selon Maïmonide, tafia, ce qui émerge, que J. Lévy, Neuh. Worterbuch, s. 5., V. Dozy, Suppl. Aux Dictionn. arabes, 2, 65-66.\"</i>, ce qui n’est pas permis pour la prière (ou l’amida).",
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32 |
+
"Le fiancé est dispensé de lire le Shema la première nuit de son mariage jusqu’au samedi soir suivant, aussi longtemps qu’il n’a pas accompli le devoir conjugal. Il arriva à R. Gamliel de lire le shema la première nuit de son mariage: -“Maître, lui dirent ses disciples, ne nous as-tu pas enseigné que tout fiancé en est dispensé? – C’est vrai, dit-il; mais je ne saurais vous écouter pour oublier un instant la profession de foi juive”.-<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Le développement de ce § se retrouvera en Nida.</i>",
|
33 |
+
"De même, R. Gamliel se rendit au bain la nuit de la mort de sa femme: “Ne nous as-tu pas appris, lui dirent-ils, qu’il est interdit aux parents du défunt de se baigner aux premiers jours du deuil? – Oui, dit-il; mais je ne me porte pas comme tout le monde et je suis d’une constitution faible<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Il y a dans le texte le terme grec asthenes: maladif, délicat.</i>”.",
|
34 |
+
"Lorsque mourut son serviteur Tobie, il agréa des condoléances: “Ne nous as-tu pas appris, lui dirent-ils encore, qu’on ne reçoit pas de consolations pour la mort des esclaves? – Mon serviteur Tobie, répondit-il, ne ressemblait pas aux autres esclaves, car il était honnête et pieux”.",
|
35 |
+
"Si le fiancé désire faire la lecture du shema, même la première nuit de son mariage, il le peut. Mais R. Siméon bar-Gamliel dit qu’il n’est pas permis à chacun de s’arroger un vain titre (de gloriole)."
|
36 |
+
],
|
37 |
+
[
|
38 |
+
"Lors d’un décès, et aussi longtemps que le mort n’est pas enterré, les proches parents sont dispensés de la lecture du shema et de la mise des phylactères. Quant aux porteurs, ainsi que leurs remplaçants et leurs adjoints, soit qu’ils se trouvent devant le cercueil, soit qu’ils le suivent<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Des groupes étaient posés sur le passage du mort, et ils se chargeaient tour à tour de le porter, considérant cet acte comme une œuvre pie.</i>, si l’on a besoin d’eux, ils sont dispensés de réciter le Shema; sinon, ils y sont obligés. Dans l’un et l’autre cas, ils sont dispensés de la prière d’amida.",
|
39 |
+
"Après l’enterrement et au retour, on doit faire la récitation du shema, si on a le temps de la commencer et de le finir avant d’arriver au cercle (qu’on fait autour des gens en deuil pour les consoler); sinon, il vaut mieux ne pas la commencer. Ceux qui se tiennent à l’intérieur du cercle en sont dispensés, mais non ceux qui sont à l’extérieur (et qui ne voient pas les gens en deuil).",
|
40 |
+
"Les femmes, les esclaves et les enfants sont dispensés de réciter le shema et de mettre les théphilins, mais ils sont obligés de faire la prière et la bénédiction du repas, et d’observer la loi de la mezuza<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"La Mézouza est un parchemin qui contient les versets 4-9 du ch. 6 et les versets 12-20 du ch. 11 du Dt; on l'attache aux poteaux des portes, comme il est ordonné par ces mêmes versets.\"</i>.",
|
41 |
+
"L’homme impur<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Baal qéri, \"\"qui a eu un accident \"\" (qui fluxum pollutionis senserit).\"</i> ne fait qu’une récitation mentale, sans l’accompagner des bénédictions antérieures et postérieures. Il pense de même à la bénédiction qui suit le repas et non à celle qui le précède. Selon R. Yehuda, il récite (par la pensée) les bénédictions qui précèdent et celles qui suivent.",
|
42 |
+
"Si quelqu’un occupé à réciter la prière, se souvient qu’il est impur (baal-kéri), il ne devra pas s’interrompre, mais abréger (chaque section). S’il est descendu pour prendre un bain et qu’il ait encore le temps de monter et de se couvrir pour faire la récitation avant que le soleil brille, il devra le faire; sinon, il se baissera pour être couvert par l’eau et fera ainsi la récitation. Il ne devra pas se couvrir d’eau sale ou stagnante, ou ayant déjà servi, à moins d’y avoir ajouté une grande quantité d’eau (pure). De ces eaux et des immondices il faut s’éloigner de quatre coudées, pour prier.",
|
43 |
+
"Profluviosus qui fluxum senserit<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Malgré le 1er état d'impureté, il faut un bain spécial pour le 2ème état.</i> et menstruata quae excreverit concubitus semen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Après une cohabitation à l'état pur.</i>, et quae in congressu se senserit menstruatam, doivent (avant de prier) se baigner; R. Juda les en dispense (surtout en raison de ce que le bain, dans cas, est dangereux)."
|
44 |
+
],
|
45 |
+
[
|
46 |
+
"La prière du matin se dit jusqu’à midi; jusqu’à la quatrième heure (dix heures), d’après R. Yehouda; celle de l’après-midi, jusqu’au soir; d’après R. Yehuda, jusqu’à la moitié des vêpres seulement<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> En supposant que la journée et la nuit soient égales, c'est-à-dire de douze heures chacune, les vêpres commenceraient à deux heures et demie du soir: on pourrait donc, selon R. Yehouda, dire les vêpres jusqu'à quatre heures moins un quart, et à partir de là commencerait le moment de la prière du soir.</i>. La prière du soir n’a pas d’heure fixe (elle se dit pendant toute la nuit); quant aux prières additionnelles (des Shabats et jours de fête), on peut les réciter toute la journée.",
|
47 |
+
"R. Nehounia ben-Kakana faisait, en entrant à l’école et à sa sortie, une courte prière. -Quel est le but de cette prière, lui demanda-t-on? -A mon entrée, répondit-il, je prie pour qu’il n’arrive aucun accident par ma faute; et à ma sortie, je rends grâce (à Dieu) du sort qu’il m’a fait.",
|
48 |
+
"Selon R. Gamliel, on doit réciter tous les jours les dix-huit bénédictions; d’après R. Yehoshouah, il suffit du résumé des dix-huit bénédictions; R. aqiba dit que celui qui sait bien sa prière par cœur doit réciter les dix-huit, sinon il suffit du résumé<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Le livre de rituel était rare à cette époque dans la Palestine: on faisait apprendre les prières par cœur dès l'enfance. Il y avait dans chaque communauté un homme, le hazan, chargé spécialement de ce soin. Voyez Mishna, IIème partie, (Shabat1, 6).</i>.",
|
49 |
+
"Selon R. Eléazar, celui qui dit sa prière comme pour s’acquitter d’une récitation obligatoire (onéreuse) ne sera pas exaucé par l’Eternel<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Comp. (Avot 2, 18).</i>. R. Yehoshoua dit: Celui qui se trouve dans un endroit dangereux<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Expression difficile.</i> récite une courte prière résumée des dix-huit. Il disait: “Sauve ton peuple Israël, même lorsqu’il transgresse tes lois; que ses besoins soient devant toi; sois loué, Eternel, qui entends les prières et les supplications”.",
|
50 |
+
"Celui qui est sur une mule doit en descente (pour faire sa prière); s’il ne peut le faire, il doit tourner sa face (vers Jérusalem), et s’il ne peut pas tourner sa face, il doit diriger son cœur vers le saint des saints.",
|
51 |
+
"Celui qui est sur un navire ou sur un radeau<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">340</sup><i class=\"footnote\">\"Maïmonide, traduit par \"maadia\" que les Arabes de nos jours emploient encore dans le sens de \"Bac, Radeau \".</i> doit (pour prier) diriger sa pensée vers le saint des saints.",
|
52 |
+
"R. Elazar ben-Azaria dit: La prière supplémentaire (des samedis et fêtes) ne se dit que dans les réunions (de dix personnes au moins). Selon les Rabanan, on la dit soit en public, soit en particulier. R. Yehouda, au nom de R. Elazar, dit: Partout ou il y a une réunion publique (pour la prière), celui qui prie en particulier est dispensé de la prière supplémentaire."
|
53 |
+
],
|
54 |
+
[
|
55 |
+
"On ne se met à prier que sous l’impression du respect divin. Les anciens savants pieux attendaient un instant (en entrant à la synagogue) avant de prier, afin de se recueillir et de penser à notre Père qui est aux cieux. Si le roi même les saluait, ils ne répondaient pas; ils ne se seraient pas interrompus, eussent-ils eu un serpent enroulé autour du talon.",
|
56 |
+
"Dans la deuxième bénédiction (de la amida), consacrée à la résurrection des morts, on mentionne (en hiver) la “force des pluies” (mashiv harouah)<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> C'est une qualification de la Providence, non une demande.</i>: et dans la neuvième bénédiction, celles années, on sollicite de Dieu la rosée ou la pluie. La formule de séparation (havdala, entre le samedi et le jour de la semaine) se dit dans la quatrième où l’on sollicite la faveur d’être intelligent. R. aqiba dit: l’habdalah forme une quatrième bénédiction spéciale, et, selon Eléazar, on l’intercale dans l’action de grâce (dix-huitième actuelle).",
|
57 |
+
"On fait taire l’officiant s’il ajoute (dans l’amida) ces mots: “ta miséricorde s’étend aux nids des oiseaux<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Lorsqu'on prend des poussins, il faut au préalable renvoyer la père, pour ne pas la faire souffrir de ce spectacle (Dt 22, 6) et 7. C'est une addition inutile.</i>”: ou: “que ton nom soit rappelé pour le bien que tu nous fais”, ou celui qui dit deux fois “nous te rendons grâce”. Si l’officiant se trompe, un autre le remplacera, sans résister en ce moment<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> L'office divin ne permet pas que, par modestie, le fidèle se récuse.</i>, à l’invitation faite d’officier. Où le remplaçant doit-il recommencer l’office? Au commencement de la section où le premier s’est trompé.",
|
58 |
+
"L’officiant ne doit pas répondre amen après la bénédiction des Cohanim, pour qu’il ne soit pas induit en erreur<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"L'officiant énonce avant les cohanim le mot à mot pour la bénédiction; il est donc à craindre, s'il répond amen comme les fidèles, qu'il ne s'embrouille dans l'énonciation des mots.\"</i>. S’il n’y a pas d’autre cohen que lui, il ne doit pas prononcer la formule de bénédiction<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> C'est aussi par la crainte qu'il n'ait pas l'esprit assez calme pour terminer la prière.</i>. S’il est certain de pouvoir la prononcer sans se troubler et de continuer aussi la prière, il lui est loisible de le faire.",
|
59 |
+
"Si l’on se trompe en priant (en disant un mot pour un autre), c’est un mauvais présage; si c’est un ministre officiant qui se trompe, c’est un mauvais signe pour ceux qu’il représente, car l’envoyé d’un homme est comme lui-même. On raconte que lorsque R. Hanina ben-Dossa priait Dieu pour les malades, il disait de suite: Tel mourra, tel vivra. -“Comment, lui disait-on, sais-tu cela? -C’est que, répondait-il, si je dis ma prière couramment, je sais qu’elle est agréée; au cas contraire, je suis troublé, et mon vœu est par conséquent rejeté”."
|
60 |
+
],
|
61 |
+
[
|
62 |
+
"Quelle est la bénédiction des fruits<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"La Mishna suppose qu'on sait déjà qu'il faut prononcer une bénédiction pour tous les produits consommés; il ne s'agit plus que de régler les diverses formules.\"</i>? Pour les fruits des arbres on dit: “Sois loué, créateur des fruits de l’arbre”, excepté pour le vin<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"En raison de sa supériorité; il est l'objet d'une formule à part, comme le pain.\"</i>,à propos duquel on dit: “Créateur du fruit de la vigne”. Mais sur les fruits de la terre on dit “créateur du fruit de la terre” sauf pour le pain, car sur le pain on dit ”Celui qui produit le pain de la terre”. Sur les légumes on dit: “créateur du fruit de la terre”; mais pour le pain on dit: “qui fait sortir le pain de la terre”. Pour la verdure, on dit: “créateur du fruit de la terre”, et selon R. Juda: “créateur des espèces de légumes”.",
|
63 |
+
"Si, pour les fruits de l’arbre, on a dit: “créateur des fruits de la terre”, cela suffit; mais non si, en mangeant des fruits de la terre, on dit “créateur des fruits de l’arbre”. Pour toutes les sortes on peut dire: “tout a été créé par sa parole<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Le texte a seulement le premier mot de la formule.</i>”.",
|
64 |
+
"La formule générale est usitée pour tout ce qui ne pousse pas sur terre, ainsi que pour le vinaigre, les déchets de fruits et les sauterelles (pures). R. Juda dit: Toute espèce maudite (comme les trois précédents articles) ne nécessite pas de formule de bénédiction.",
|
65 |
+
"Lorsqu’on a devant soi diverses espèces, et que parmi elles il y ait l’une des espèces<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ce sont: le froment, l'orge, le vin, la figue, la grenade, l'olive et le miel, ou les dattes (voir (Dt 8, 8).</i> d’élite (de la Palestine), il faut, selon R. Juda, dire la bénédiction sur cette dernière espèce; selon les sages, on fait la bénédiction sur n’importe quelle espèce.",
|
66 |
+
"Si l’on a fait la bénédiction pour le vin offert avant le repas, cela dispense de celle d’après le repas; si on a récité la bénédiction pour les accessoires avant le repas, on est dispensé de celle d’après; si on l’a dite d’abord pour le pain, on est dispensé de la répéter pour le reste, sans qu’il y ait réciprocité; selon Shammaï, on n’est pas même dispensé de celle des mets cuits.",
|
67 |
+
"Si l’on est assis à manger isolément, chacun prie séparément; si les convives sont assis en rond (ensemble), l’un fait la prière pour tous les assistants; si du vin arrive au milieu du repas, chacun le bénit séparément; si l’on en apporte après le repas, l’un prie pour tous les autres, ainsi que pour les parfums<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Selon l'usage oriental, on brûle de l'encens et des épices après le repas.</i>, quoiqu’on ne les apporte qu’après le repas.",
|
68 |
+
"Si l’on apporte d’abord des salaisons, puis du pain, et que l’on récite la formule pour la salaison, cela dispense de celle du pain, qui n’est là qu’un accessoire. Voici la règle: Si un accessoire accompagne le principal, c’est pour ce dernier qu’il faut dire la prière.",
|
69 |
+
"Si l’on a mangé des raisins, des figues et des grenades, on dit ensuite la bénédiction en trois sections, selon R. Gamliel; les sages prescrivent une seule formule résumant les trois. R. aqiba dit: Même après avoir mangé un légume vert, qui forme le repas, ont dit les trois bénédictions; si l’on boit de l’eau pour étancher sa soif, on dit: “Que tout existe par sa parole”; R. Tarphon dit: “Créateur de beaucoup d’âmes et de leurs besoins”."
|
70 |
+
],
|
71 |
+
[
|
72 |
+
"Trois personnes qui ont mangé ensemble doivent se préparer ensemble à prier (selon la formule commune<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ce diminutif d'assemblée dira, avant l'action de grâce, une formule spéciale. C'est ce que les Juifs allemands appellent benschen (du latin benedicere, avec prononciation italienne).</i>. Il est permis de compter dans ce nombre obligatoire: 1° celui qui a mangé des produits duquel on doute qu’il ait prélevé la dîme pour la première dîme (prise avant le cohen), ou qu’il ait retiré l’oblation (terouma), ou la seconde dîme (prélevée tous les trois ans), ou d’autres objets sacrés rachetés (sans addition du cinquième de la valeur, qui est obligatoire comme rachat); 2° le serviteur qui a mangé au moins la valeur d’une olive, et 3° le Samaritain<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Les légères illégalités qui affectent tous ces cas n'empêchent pas la prière en commun; elles seront développées dans les premiers traités qui suivent Berakhot.\"</i>. Mais celui qui a mangé des produits dont il est sûr de n’avoir rien prélevé, ou la première dîme dont il n’a même pas retiré le prélèvement (pour le cohen), ou la seconde dîme ou d’autres objets sacrés non rachetés, et un serviteur qui a mangé moins d’une olive, ne peuvent être comptés dans ce nombre.",
|
73 |
+
"Les femmes, les esclaves et les enfants ne sont pas comptés pour former le nombre légalement exigé pour la prière en commun<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Il faut dix hommes pour constituer le minian (compte religieux).</i>. Combien faut-il avoir mangé pour que ce manger entraîne l’obligation de la prière en commun? Au moins la valeur d’une olive; selon R. Juda, la valeur d’un œuf.",
|
74 |
+
"Quelle est la formule de préparation pour l’ensemble? A trois, on dit: “Bénissons (celui grâce auquel nous avons pris le repas)”. A trois plus un, on dit: “Bénissez”. A dix: “Bénissons Dieu”. A dix plus un, que l’on soit dix ou mille: “Bénissez, etc.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Jusque-là, c'est l'avis de R. Akiba; à partir de cette expression, c'est R. Yossé le Galiléen qui parle, comme le montre la Mishna suivante.\"</i>” A cent: “Bénissons l’Eternel notre Dieu”. A cent plus un: “Bénissez”. A mille: “Bénissons l’Eternel notre Dieu, Dieu d’Israël”. A mille plus un: “Bénissez”. A dix mille, on dit: “Bénissons l’Eternel notre Dieu, Dieu d’Israël, Dieu Sebaot, qui trône parmi les chérubins, pour la nourriture que nous avons prise”. A dix mille plus un: “Bénissez”. De la façon dont on prononce la formule, les assistants répondent; “Eternel notre Dieu, Dieu d’Israël, Dieu Sebaot, toi que trônes sur les chérubins, sois loué, pour la nourriture que nous avons prise”. R. Yossé le Galiléen dit: On bénit selon le nombre de l’assistance, car il est dit (Ps 68, 27): Bénissez Dieu l’Eternel dans les assemblées, au sein d’Israël. R. aqiba dit: Que voyons-nous faire dans la Synagogue? Que l’on soit plus ou moins nombreux, la formule est toujours: Bénissez Dieu”. R. Ismaël dit: “Louez Dieu le béni”.",
|
75 |
+
"Trois personnes ayant mangé ensemble ne doivent plus se séparer (pour prier isolément et devront se réunir); il en est de même pour quatre ou cinq. Six personnes, jusqu’à dix, peuvent se diviser en groupes d’au moins trois; à partir de dix, on ne se séparera (en deux corps) qu’en étant au moins vingt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> A cause de la formule: Bénissons notre Dieu (voir Mishna précédente, pour la distinction).</i>.",
|
76 |
+
"Deux sociétés qui mangent dans la même maison, dès qu’elles se voient l’une l’autre, doivent se joindre pour prier en commun; au cas où elles ne se voient pas, elles prient séparément. On ne doit bénir le vin<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Dire la formule \"\"créateur du fruit de la vigne \"\".\"</i> qu’après l’avoir coupé d’eau (le vin de Palestine étant trop fort); tel est l’avis de R. Eléazar; selon les autres sages, c’est inutile."
|
77 |
+
],
|
78 |
+
[
|
79 |
+
"Voici les points en discussion entre l’école de Shammaï et celle d’Hillel au sujet du repas. Shammaï dit: On fait d’abord la bénédiction, aux jours de fête, pour sanctifier la solennité, et ensuite pour le vin; et Hillel dit qu’il faut faire l’inverse.",
|
80 |
+
"Shammaï dit: On fait d’abord l’ablution des mains, puis on prépare les verres de vin<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> A boire avant le repas.</i>; et Hillel prescrit l’inverse.",
|
81 |
+
"Shammaï dit: On s’essuie les mains à l’aide d’une serviette<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> On ne connaissait pas encore l'usage de la fourchette de table.</i> qu’on met sur la table; selon Hillel, on la met sur le divan.",
|
82 |
+
"Shammaï dit: (Après le repas) on balaye d’abord la chambre, puis on fait l’ablution (nouvelle); Hillel prescrit l’inverse<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Il ne craint pas de causer ainsi une perte de comestibles.</i>.",
|
83 |
+
"Shammaï dit (qu’il faut admettre<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Au cas où avec un seul verre de vin, l'on se trouve à table, à l'arrivée de la nuit, le samedi soir.</i> l’ordre suivant pour les prières): lumière, repas, épices, et séparation de la fête; selon Hillel, l’ordre est celui-ci: lumière, épices, repas, séparation. Selon Shammaï, on dit: “qui a créé la lumière du feu” (au passé); selon Hillel, “créant la lumière du feu<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ou plus littéralement: les couleurs de la lumière.</i>”.",
|
84 |
+
"On ne prononce de bénédiction ni sur la lumière et les épices de l’idolâtre, ni sur celles qu’on brûle pour les morts, ni sur celles qui se trouvent devant les idoles. On ne prononce la bénédiction de la lumière que lorsque celle-ci répand ses rayons.",
|
85 |
+
"Si, après le repas, on oublie de dire la bénédiction, il faut, selon Shammaï, revenir à la même place pour la dire; selon Hillel, il suffit de la faire à l’endroit où l’on s’en souvient. Jusqu’à quel moment cela sa peut-il? Jusqu’à ce que la digestion soit faite. reprise “Jusqu’à quel moment peut-on réciter l’action de grâce? etc.”",
|
86 |
+
"Si du vin arrive sur la table après le repas et qu’il n’y en ait qu’une seule coupe, il faut, selon Shammaï, faire la bénédiction du vin d’abord, puis celle du repas; selon Hillel, c’est l’inverse. On répond Amen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Même sans avoir entendu la récitation.</i> si celui qui dit la bénédiction est un Israélite; mais on ne le dit pour le Samaritain qu’après avoir entendu toute la prière<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Parce qu'il était à craindre que sa prière ne s'adressât à une idole.</i>."
|
87 |
+
],
|
88 |
+
[
|
89 |
+
"Celui qui voit un endroit où des miracles se sont accomplis pour Israël doit dire: “Soit loué celui qui a opéré des miracles pour nos ancêtres en ce lieu”. En voyant l’endroit d’où ont été arrachées des idoles, on dit “Soit loué celui qui a exterminé les idoles de notre pays”.",
|
90 |
+
"Pour les comètes (ou étoiles filantes), les tremblements de terre, les éclairs, le tonnerre et les orages, on dit: “Soit loué celui dont la force et le pouvoir remplissent le monde”. Pour les monts, les collines, les mers, les fleuves et les déserts, on dit: “Soit loué l’auteur de la création”. R. Juda dit que celui qui voit l’Océan récite la formule: “Soit loué celui qui a créé la grande mer”; toutefois, s’il ne la voit qu’à intervalles de temps plus ou moins éloignés, on dit la formule: “Soit loué l’auteur de la création”. Pour les pluies utiles et pour les bonnes nouvelles, on dit: “Soit loué le bon et le bienfaisant”. Pour les mauvaises nouvelles, on dit: “Soit loué le juge équitable”.",
|
91 |
+
"Si l’on a construit une maison neuve, ou acquis des vases neufs, on dit: “Soit loué celui qui nous a fait subsister pour cette ciconstance “. On bénit le malheur sans égard au bonheur qui s’ensuit<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> P. ex. une inondation fécondante.</i>, et le bonheur sans égard au malheur qui peut en provenir. Si l’on prie pour ce qui est passé, on fait une prière vaine. Par exemple, si la femme de quelqu’un est enceinte et que son époux désire la naissance d’un garçon, c’est une prière vaine (ou sans but, de la demander). Si l’on est en route, et que, entendant un grand bruit dans la ville, l’on dise: “Pourvu qu’il n’y ait pas de malheur dans ma famille”, c’est une prière vaine (et tardive).",
|
92 |
+
"En passant par une bourgade, on fait deux prières: l’un en entrant, l’autre en sortant. Ben-Azaï en dit quatre, savoir: deux en entrant et deux en sortant. On rand grâce pour le passé et l’on prie pour l’avenir.",
|
93 |
+
"Il faut bénir Dieu pour le mal comme pour le bien<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"S'il arrive un événement heureux, on dit: \"\"Loué soit Dieu bon et bienveillant \"\"; pour un malheur, on dit la formule: \"\" Loué soit le juge intègre \"\".5. B., Megila 25a (Cf. Schuhl, Sentences, P. 209).\"</i>, car il est dit: Tu aimeras Dieu de tout ton cœur, de toute ton âme et de toutes tes facultés (Dt 6, 5); de tout ton cœur signifie: de tes deux instincts, le bon et le mauvais; de toute ton âme: si même on te l’arrache; et de toutes tes facultés veut dire: pour toute ta fortune. Selon d’autres, ces mots signifient: Selon la mesure que Dieu t’accorde (bonne ou mauvaise), rends-lui grâce de plus en plus<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> C'est un jeu de mots entre meôd (beaucoup) et midda (mesure).</i>."
|
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+
]
|
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+
],
|
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"sectionNames": [
|
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+
"Chapter",
|
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+
"Mishnah"
|
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+
]
|
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+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json
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{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Berakhot",
|
4 |
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"versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002378149/NLI",
|
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"versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]",
|
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"status": "locked",
|
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"priority": 0.5,
|
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"license": "Public Domain",
|
9 |
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"versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.<br>Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.<br>Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.<br>Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.<br>Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.<br>Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.",
|
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"actualLanguage": "de",
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"heTitle": "משנה ברכות",
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|
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"Mishnah",
|
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"Seder Zeraim"
|
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|
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"text": [
|
22 |
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[
|
23 |
+
"Von welcher Zeit ab liest man das Schema<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Zu Schema wird Deuter. 6, 4—9 <span dir=\"ltr\">שמע</span> , 2. Deuter. 11, 13—21 <span dir=\"rtl\">והיה אם שמוע</span> und 3. Numeri 15, 37—41 <span dir=\"rtl\">ויאמר</span> gerechnet.</i> am Abend? Von der Zeit an, da die Priester eintreten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nämlich unreine Priester, welche nicht gebadet und gereinigt hatten und erst mit dem Erscheinen der Sterne ihre Hebe essen durften (Lev. 22, 7).</i>, um von ihrer Hebe zu essen, bis zu Ende der ersten Nachtwache<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Man teilte die Nacht in drei Wachen.</i>. (Dies sind die) Worte des Rabbi Elieser. Die Weisen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">So oft hier der Ausdruck die Weisen vorkommt, verstehe man darunter die große Mehrzahl der Weisen, sofern sie nach allgemein geltender Ansicht entscheidet.</i> sagen: Bis Mitternacht. R. Gamliel sagt: Bis die Morgenröte<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Säule der Morgenröte im Hebr. und Arab.</i> aufsteigt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Der Grund der Meinungsverschiedenheit liegt in der Deutung des <span dir=\"rtl\">ובשכבך</span> . R. Elieser erklärt: Wenn du dich niederlegst; dies geschieht bei den meisten Menschen bis Ende der ersten Nachtwache. Nach den Weisen und so auch nach R. Gamliel heißt <span dir=\"rtl\">ובשכבך</span> , wenn du liegst; demnach wäre es die ganze Nacht erlaubt das Schema zu lesen, jedoch die Weisen erlauben es nur bis Mitternacht, um der Gesetzesübertretung vorzubeugen, was R. Gamliel nicht für nötig hält.</i>. Es geschah einst, dass seine Söhne vom Gastmahle zurückkamen, und zu ihm sprachen: Wir haben das Schema noch nicht gelesen. Er erwiderte ihnen: Wenn die Morgenröte noch nicht aufgestiegen, seid Ihr verpflichtet zu lesen. Und nicht dies allein, sondern Alles, wobei die Weisen »bis Mitternacht« gesagt haben, gilt gesetzlich bis die Morgenröte aufsteigt. Das Aufdampfen des Fettes und der Glieder<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Stücke der Opfertiere, (Lev. 6, 2; 7, 2.)</i> gilt gesetzlich bis die Morgenröte aufsteigt; und Alles was (von Opfern) nur an demselben Tage gegessen werden darf<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">D. h. am Tage der Darbringung (Lev. 7, 15).</i>, ist gesetzlich gestattet bis die Morgenröte aufsteigt. Wenn dem aber so ist, warum sagten die Weisen: »Bis Mitternacht?« Um die Menschen von der Übertretung fern zu halten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nämlich, sie setzten eine kürzere Frist, damit man sich auf keinen Fall verspäte.</i>.",
|
24 |
+
"Von welcher Zeit ab liest man das Schema am Morgen? Sobald man zwischen himmelblau und weiß unterscheiden kann; R. Elieser sagt: Zwischen himmelblau und lauchgrün; (und beendet das Lesen)<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><span dir=\"rtl\">וגומרה</span> , wenn die Lesart richtig ist, bezieht es sich auf <span dir=\"rtl\">פרשת שמע</span> .</i> bis die Sonne hervorstrahlt. R.Josua sagt: Bis drei Stunden; denn so ist die Sitte der Fürsten, erst um drei Stunden aufzustehen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Das Gesetz <span dir=\"rtl\">ובקומך</span> meint er, bedeute »bis Jedermann aufgestanden ist.« — Die Stunden sind hier je nach der Jahreszeit von verschiedener Länge; denn man teilte den Tag und die Nacht in je 12 Teile. Wenn also z. B. der Tag 8 und die Nacht 16 Stunden hat, so wird die Tagesstunde zu 8/12 gewöhnliche Stunden = 40 Minuten, die Nachtstunde aber zu 16/12 gewöhnliche Stunden = 80 Minuten gerechnet. Solche Stunden werden <span dir=\"rtl\">שעות זמניות</span> = Zeitstunden genannt</i> — wer von der Zeit an und weiter (das Schema) liest, büsst nichts ein<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">D. h. er möge immerhin die dazu gehörigen Vor- und Nachgebete sprechen (nach Einigen jedoch nur bis Ende der. 4. Stunde) obgleich deren Zeit vorüber ist.</i>, wie Jeder der im Gesetze liest.",
|
25 |
+
"Die Schule des Schammai lehrt: Am Abend soll Jeder liegend lesen und am Morgen stehend, denn es heisst: »Wenn du dich niederlegst und wenn du aufstehst.« Die Schule des Hillel aber lehrt: Jedermann lese nach seiner Weise (nach Belieben) denn es heisst auch: »Wenn du auf dem Wege gehst.« Wenn dem so ist, warum heisst es denn »und wenn du dich niederlegst und wenn du aufstehst«? Allein (dies will sagen) »zur Zeit, wenn Menschen zu liegen pflegen und zur Zeit wenn sie aufzustehen pflegen.« — R. Tarphon erzählte: Ich befand mich einst auf dem Wege, und legte mich nieder, um nach dem Ausspruch der Schule Schammai’s zu lesen, brachte mich aber in Lebensgefahr durch Räuber<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wäre beinahe von Räubern getötet worden.</i>. Man erwiederte ihm: Du warst wert dein Leben zu verwirken, weil du den Ausspruch der Schule Hillel’s übertratest.</p>",
|
26 |
+
"Am Morgen spricht man zwei Segenssprüche voran<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><span dir=\"rtl\">לפניה</span> bezieht sich auf <span dir=\"rtl\">פרשת שמע</span> .</i> und einen nachher; und Abends spricht man zwei Segenssprüche voran, und zwei nachher<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nämlich des Morgens <span dir=\"rtl\">אהבה רבה ,יוצר אור</span> und <span dir=\"rtl\">גאולה</span> Des Abends <span dir=\"rtl\">מעריב גאולה ,אהבת עולם ,ערבים</span> und <span dir=\"rtl\">השכיבנו</span> .</i>: Eine lange und eine kurze (Benediktion). Wo man festgesetzt hat eine lange (zu sprechen), ist keiner befugt abzukürzen, und wo eine kurze fest steht, ist keiner befugt zu verlängern ; (wo festgesetzt ist) eine Schlussformel zu beten, ist keiner befugt die Schlussformel auszulassen, wo aber keine Schlussformel sein soll, ist keiner befugt, eine Schlussformel anzubringen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die ganze Stelle von <span dir=\"rtl\">מקום שאמרו</span> an wird hier als ein allgemeines, auf alle anderen <span dir=\"rtl\">ברכות</span> sich auch beziehendes Gesetz mit eingeschaltet. — Unter Schlussformel versteht man einen mit <span dir=\"rtl\">ברוך</span> anfangenden Satz, der das Ganze schliesst. Z. B. <span dir=\"rtl\">ברוך אתה ה׳ גאל ישראל</span> .</i>.",
|
27 |
+
"Man gedenke des Auszuges aus Ägypten auch in der Nachtzeit<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">D. h. es ist Pflicht auch in der Nacht <span dir=\"rtl\">פרשת ציצית</span> zu sprechen, weil darin des Auszuges Erwähnung geschieht.</i>. R. Elasar ben Asarjah sprach: Ich bin jetzt beinah<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">So nach einer Baraita im Jeruschalmi. Der babylonische Talmud jedoch sagt: R. Elasar ben Asarja sei damals nur 18 Jahre alt, aber bereits grau gewesen, wie ein Greis von siebzig Jahren. Nach Maimonides ist er durch vieles Studieren grau geworden.</i> siebzig Jahre alt und habe nicht beweisen können, dass die Stelle vom Auszuge aus Ägypten auch Nachts zu sagen Pflicht sei, bis Ben Soma es aus der Schrift herleitete, nämlich es heisst: (Deut. 16,3) »Damit du gedenkest des Tages deines Auszuges aus Ägypten alle Tage deines Lebens«; »Die Tage deines Lebens«, (würde bedeuten) »die Tage,« »alle Tage deines Lebens,« — auch die Nächte. Die Weisen aber erklären: »Die Tage deines Lebens«, würde bedeuten: Diese Welt. »Alle Tage deines Lebens«, setze hinzu, auch die Zeiten des Messias.</p>"
|
28 |
+
],
|
29 |
+
[
|
30 |
+
"Wer gerade in der Tora (den Abschnitt Schema) liest, wenn die Zeit zum Lesen eintrifft, ist, wenn er seinen Sinn darauf gerichtet hat, (die Pflicht des Schema-Lesens zu erfüllen, oder [wie Andere meinen] die Worte gehörig zu lesen) der Pflicht entledigt, wo nicht, ist er deren nicht entledigt.— Bei den Absätzen darf man Jemanden aus Ehrerbietung grüßen oder (ihm den Gruß) erwidern, aber in der Mitte grüßt man nur aus Furcht, (bei Lebensgefahr<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach Einigen: aus Ehrfurcht.</i>) und erwiedert den Gruss. Dies ist der Ansspruch des R. Meïr; R. Jehuda sagt: In der Mitte grüsst man aus Furcht und erwiedert aus blosser Ehrerbietung; bei den Absätzen grüsst man auch aus Ehrerbietung; erwiedert aber Jedermann den Gruss.",
|
31 |
+
"Die Absätze sind folgende: Zwischen dem ersten Segensspruch und dem zweiten; zwischen dem zweiten und <span dir=\"rtl\">שמע</span>; zwischen <span dir=\"rtl\">שמע</span> and <span dir=\"rtl\">והיה אם שמוע</span> ;zwischen <span dir=\"rtl\">והיה אם שמוע</span> und <span dir=\"rtl\">ויאמר</span> ; zwischen <span dir=\"rtl\">ויאמר</span> und <span dir=\"rtl\">אמת ויציב</span> . R. Jehuda sagt: Zwischen <span dir=\"rtl\">ויאמר</span> und <span dir=\"rtl\">אמת ויציב</span> darf man nicht innehalten. Rabbi Josua ben Korchah sprach: Warum steht <span dir=\"rtl\">שמע</span> vor <span dir=\"rtl\">והיה אם שמוע</span> ? Damit man erst das Joch des Himmelreiches über sich nehme, und nachher erst das der Gesetze. Warum steht <span dir=\"rtl\">והיה אם שמוע</span> vor <span dir=\"rtl\">ויאמר</span>? Weil <span dir=\"ltr\">והיה אם שמוע</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Worin nämlich das Gebot enthalten ist, die Tora zu lernen.</i> am Tage und in der Nacht gilt, aber <span dir=\"ltr\">ויאמר</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Das Gesetz, die <span dir=\"rtl\">ציצית</span> zu haben, um sie als Erinnerungs-zeichen anzuschauen.</i> nur am Tage geübt wird.",
|
32 |
+
"Wer das Schema liest, ohne es seinem Ohre hörbar zu machen, ist (seiner Pflicht) entledigt. R. Jose sagt: Er ist derselben nicht entledigt.—Wer gelesen und nicht genau die Buchstaben ausgesprochen hat, hat, wie R. Jose meint, seine Pflicht erfüllt; R. Jehuda meint, er hat sie nicht erfüllt. Wer in unrichtiger Ordnung liest, hat seine Pflicht nicht erfüllt. Wer im Lesen sich geirrt hat, fängt wieder da an, wo er sich geirrt hatte.",
|
33 |
+
"Arbeiter<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Welche mit der Arbeit beschäftigt sind.</i> lesen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Das Schema, sobald die Zeit zum Lesen herannaht</i> auf dem Baume, oder auf der Mauer, was ihnen bei dem Gebete nicht zu tun erlaubt ist<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Hierzu ist Andacht nötig, welche auf dem Baume oder auf der Mauer nicht gut möglich ist.</i>.",
|
34 |
+
"Ein Bräutigam<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Der eine Jungfrau geheiratet hat.</i> ist vom Lesen des Schema in der ersten Nacht befreit und bis zu Ende des Sabbat, wenn er nicht die eheliche Pflicht vollzogen hat. Es wird von R. Gamliel erzählt, dass er in der ersten Brautnacht (Schema) gelesen habe. Da sprachen seine Schüler zu ihm: Lehrtest Du, unser Lehrer, uns nicht, dass ein Bräutigam vom Lesen des Schema in der ersten Brautnacht frei sei? Er erwiederte ihnen: Ich mag euch nicht beipflichten, um auch nur auf eine Stunde das Joch des Himmelreiches von mir abzulegen!",
|
35 |
+
"Derselbe badete in der ersten Nacht, da seine Frau gestorben war. Da sprachen seine Schüler zu ihm: Lehrtest Du, unser Lehrer, uns nicht, dass ein Leidtragender nicht baden dürfe? Er erwiederte ihnen: Ich bin nicht wie andere Menschen, ich bin schwächlich<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><span dir=\"rtl\">אסטניס</span> , griechisch ἀσθενής</i>.",
|
36 |
+
"Und als sein Sklave Tabi starb, nahm er Beileidsbezeugungen an. Da sprachen seine Schüler zu ihm: Lehrtest Du, unser Lehrer, uns nicht, dass man wegen Sklaven keine Beileidsbezeugungen annehme? Er erwiederte ihnen: Mein Sklave Tabi glich nicht andern Sklaven, er war fromm.",
|
37 |
+
"Wenn ein Bräutigam das Schema auch in der ersten Nacht lesen will, mag er lesen. R. Simon ben Gamliel sagt: Nicht Jeder, welcher sich einen Namen anmassen will, darf ihn sich anmassen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">R. Simon ben Gamliel meint; Ein Bräutigam würde dadurch nur eine übermässige Frömmigkeit zeigen wollen.</i>.</p>"
|
38 |
+
],
|
39 |
+
[
|
40 |
+
"Wer seinen Toten noch vor sich liegen hat, ist frei vom Lesen des Schema, vom Gebet und von den Tephillin. Die Träger der Bahre, die sie Ablösenden und die, welche diese letztern ablösen, ferner die vor der Bahre und die hinter der Bahre gehen, sofern sie zum Dienst der Bahre nötig sind, sind frei; die aber, deren die Bahre nicht benötigt ist, sind (zum Lesen des Schema) verpflichtet. Beide aber sind frei vom Gebet.",
|
41 |
+
"Haben sie den Toten begraben und kommen zurück, so sollen sie, wenn sie noch anfangen und vollenden können, bevor sie zur Reihe<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Fern vom Grabe stellen sich die Begleiter in zwei Reihen, durch welche die Leidtragenden durchgehen, und rufen ihnen Trost zu</i> gelangen, anfangen; wo nicht, sollen sie nicht anfangen. Von denen, die in der Reihe stehen, sind (bei doppelten Reihen) die inneren befreit, die äusseren verpflichtet.",
|
42 |
+
"Frauen, Sklaven und Kinder sind befreit vom Lesen des Schema und von den Tephillin, sind aber verpflichtet zum Gebete, zur Mesusah und zum Tischgebet.",
|
43 |
+
"Wer durch Samenerguss unrein ist, denkt innerlich (das Schema) und lässt die Segenssprüche vorher und nachher aus. Beim Speisen sagt er nur die Benedictionen nach demselben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Der Grund davon ist, weil nur das Nachgebet in der Tora anbefohlen, das Vorgebet aber von den Weisen eingeführt ist.</i> nicht aber vorher. R. Jehuda sagt: Er benedeiet vorher und nachher.",
|
44 |
+
"Steht Jemand im Gebet und erinnert sich, dass er durch Samenerguss unrein sei, so höre er nicht auf, kürze aber ab<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Vergl. Perek 4, Mischna 3.</i>. Wer zum Tauchbade hinabgestiegen, und noch heraufkommen, sich bedecken und lesen kann, ehe die Sonne hervorstrahlt, steigeherauf, bedecke sich und lese; wo nicht, bedecke er sich mit Wasser und lese; doch bedecke man sich nicht mit schmutzigem Wasser, und nicht mit Einweichungswasser<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Worin Flachs zum Einweichen gelegen hat, weil es dann schmutzig geworden.</i>, bevor man (frisches) Wasser hinzugegossen hat. Wie weit aber soll man sich davon<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach dem Talmud fehlt in der Mischna vorher: <span dir=\"rtl\">ולא במי רגלים</span> »und nicht mit Urin.«</i> und von Kot überhaupt entfernen? Vier Ellen.",
|
45 |
+
"Ein mit Samenfluss Behafteter, welcher einen nächtlichen Zufall hatte, eine menstruierende Frau, welcher Samen abgeht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Vgl. Sabbat IX, 3.</i> und eine die nach dem Beischlaf ihr Monatliches sieht, bedürfen des Tauchbades. R. Jehuda spricht sie davon frei.</p>"
|
46 |
+
],
|
47 |
+
[
|
48 |
+
"Das Morgengebet<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Unter Gebet hat man hier stets die achtzehn Benediktionen (<span dir=\"rtl\">שמנה עשרה</span>) zu verstehen.</i> ist Pflicht bis Mittag. R. Jehuda sagt: Bis vier Stunden. Das Mincha-Gebet bis zum Abend. R. Jehuda sagt: Bis zur Hälfte der Mincha<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Das Wort Mincha bedeutet hier den Zeitraum der letzten 2½ Stunden vor Nacht, bis zur Hälfte der Mincha ist also bis 5/4 Stunden vor Nacht.</i>. Das Abendgebet hat keine bestimmte Zeit; das von Musaph darf man den ganzen Tag verrichten. (R. Jehuda sagt: Bis sieben Stunden).",
|
49 |
+
"R. Nechunja ben Hakkana verrichtete gewöhnlich bei seinem Eintritt in das Lehrhaus und beim Herausgehen ein kurzes Gebet. Man fragte ihn: Was für Bewandtniss hat es mit diesem Gebete? Er erwiederte: Bei meinem Eintritt bete ich, dass kein Irrtum durch mich veranlasst werde; und bei meinem Weggehen danke ich Gott für meinen Beruf.",
|
50 |
+
"R.Gamliel sagt: Jeden Tag betet man die achtzehn Segenssprüche, R. Josua sagt: Den Inhalt der achtzehn<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">D. h. ein kurzer Auszug derselben ist hinreichend.</i>. R. Akiba sagt: Wem das Gebet geläufig ist, der bete die achtzehn; wenn nicht, blos den Inhalt der achtzehn.",
|
51 |
+
"R. Elieser sagt: Wer sein Gebet nur als eine festgesetzte Pflicht betrachtet, dessen Gebet ist kein andächtiges Flehen. — R. Josua sagt: Wer an einen gefährlichen Ort geht, verrichte ein kurzes Gebet, er sage: Hilf, o Gott! deinem Volke, dem Überreste Israels; auf jedem Scheidewege<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Das scheint der einfache Sinn des <span dir=\"rtl\">פרשת העבור</span> . Die Gemara erklärt den Sinn allegorisch so: Auch bei ihren Abweichungen zum Fehltritt, sei eingedenk, dass sie der Gnade bedürfen.</i> seien ihre Bedürfnisse vor dir! gelobt seist du Gott, Erhörer des Gebetes!",
|
52 |
+
"Wer auf einem Esel reitet, steige ab; wenn er nicht absteigen kann, wende er sein Angesicht; und wenn er sein Angesicht nicht wenden kann, richte er seinen Sinn gegen das Allerheiligste (des Tempels zu Jerusalem)",
|
53 |
+
"Wer auf einem Schiffe sitzt, oder auf einem Karren, oder auf einem Floss,(And.: Wagen)<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><span dir=\"rtl\">קרון</span> , griechisch καρρον , <span dir=\"rtl\">אסדא</span> lat. esseda; so erklärt Mussafia; doch Jeruschalmi hält <span dir=\"rtl\">אסדה</span> gleichbedeutend mit <span dir=\"rtl\">אסכדה</span> ( σχιδία) und <span dir=\"rtl\">רפסודות</span> = Floss.</i>, richte seinen Sinn nach dem Allerheiligsten.",
|
54 |
+
"R. Elasar b. Asarja sagt: Das Musaphgebet wird nur verrichtet in einer Gemeindeversammlung der Stadt. Die Weisen sagen: In und ausser der Gemeindeversammlung. R. Jehuda sagt im Namen des R. Elasar: Überall, wo eine Stadtversammlung sich befindet, ist der Einzelne frei vom Musaphgebet.</p>"
|
55 |
+
],
|
56 |
+
[
|
57 |
+
"Man erhebe sich zum Beten erst aus ernster Stimmung<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><span dir=\"rtl\">מתוך כובד ראש</span> , (Aus der Schwere des Hauptes), d. h. aus ernster Stimmung. Gegensatz von <span dir=\"rtl\">קלות ראש</span> , (Leichtsinn) — Auch hier,ist von <span dir=\"rtl\">שמנה עשרה</span> die Rede;</i>. Die vormaligen Frommen pflegten eine Stunde zu verweilen und dann erst zu beten, um zuvor ihren Sinn zu Gott zu richten. — Selbst wenn der König Einen grüsst, soll man ihm nicht antworten, und wenn eine Schlange um seine Ferse sich gewunden hat, soll man nicht innehalten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die Erklärer sagen, dass dies nur in nicht Lebensgefahr drohenden Fällen gilt.</i>.",
|
58 |
+
"Man erwähne der Gotteskraft des Regens bei der Benediktion über die Auferstehung der Todten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Im zweiten Spruch der achtzehn Benedictionen (<span dir=\"rtl\">שמנה עשרה</span>) wird eingeschaltet: Der du die Winde wehen, und den Regen herabkommen lässest</i>; man flehe um Regen bei der Beracha vom Segen der Jahre<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Das ist beim neunten Spruch, wo man einschaltet: Gieb Tau und Regen.</i> und die Habdalah (Scheidung<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><span dir=\"rtl\">הבדלה</span> (Scheidung sc. zwischen Sabbat und Wochentag) ist die Formel, womit der Schluss des Sabbats gefeiert wird.</i> beim Segensspruch Chonen ha-Daat (der begnadet mit Erkenntniss). R. Akiba sagt: Man spreche sie (die Habdalah) als eine vierte Benediction für sich allein. R. Elieser sagt: Bei der »Danksagung«<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Der Spruch <span dir=\"rtl\">מודים אנחנו</span> .</i>.",
|
59 |
+
"Wer (beim Vorbeten) spricht: »Bis auf ein Vogelnest erstreckt sich deine Barmherzigkeit«, oder: »Des Guten wegen sei deines Namens gedacht«, oder: »Wir danken, wir danken«, dem gebiete man zu schweigen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Es sollen der Gottheit keine Gründe für die Gesetze untergelegt werden, wie etwa die Barmherzigkeit bei Deut. 22, 1: ebenso soll Gott nicht blos für das Gute gepriesen werden, eine Verdopplung des Bekennens endlich würde wie eine Störung des Einheitsbegriffes lauten. Vielleicht ist hier von längern Formeln die Rede, welche Manche in das Gebet eingeschaltet, die Weisen aber verboten haben, weil sie zu Irrtümern Anlass geben könnten. Die Mischna erwähnt nur die Anfangsworte dieser Formeln</i>. Wenn derjenige, der vor die Lade tritt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Das ist der Vorbeter.</i> einen Fehler macht, so trete ein Anderer für ihn hin, und sei nicht widerstrebend<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nämlich aus Bescheidenheit.</i> in solchem Augenblicke. Von wo muss dieser beginnen? Vom Anfang des Segensspruches, worin Jener geirrt hatte.",
|
60 |
+
"Der vor die Lade tritt, soll nicht nach den Priestern<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn sie auf den Stufen vor der Lade (<span dir=\"rtl\">דוכן</span>) den Segen sprechen.</i> Amen sprechen, wegen der Sinneszerstreuung. Wenn kein Priester ausser ihm selbst da ist, soll er nicht seine Hände (zum Segensspruch) erheben. Wenn er jedoch sicher ist, dass er die Hände erheben (den Segen erteilen) und zum Gebet (ohne Irrung) zurückkehren könne, so ist es ihm gestattet.",
|
61 |
+
"Wenn der Betende irrt, ist es ihm eine schlimme Vorbedeutung. Ist er der Gemeinde-Bevollmächtigte (Vorbeter), eine schlimme Bedeutung für seine Sender. Denn der Bevollmächtigte des Menschen ist ihm selbst gleich. Man erzählt vom R. Chanina ben Dosa, dass er, wenn er für Kranke gebetet hatte, voraus za sagen pflegte: Dieser wird leben, dieser wird sterben. Man sprach zu ihm: Woher weisst du das? Er erwiederte: Wenn mir mein Gebet geläufig vom Munde geht, weiss ich, dass er (der Kranke) angenommen ist, und wenn nicht, so weiss ich, dass er verloren ist<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Andere beziehen es auf das Gebet: dass es (das Gebet) angenommen oder verworfen ist.</i>.</p>"
|
62 |
+
],
|
63 |
+
[
|
64 |
+
"Wie spricht man den Segen über Früchte aus?<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die Mischna setzt die nähere Kenntnis der Segenssprüche voraus. Es ist hier stets zu ergänzen <span dir=\"rtl\">ברוך אתה ה׳ אלהינו מלך העולם</span> .</i>. Über Baumfrüchte sagt man: »Der du die Baumfrucht schaffest«, ausgenommen Wein, denn über den Wein sagt man: »Der du die Frucht der Rebe schaffest«. Über Erdfrüchte spricht man: »Der du die Frucht des Bodens schaffest«, ausgenommen Brod, denn über Brod sagt man: »Der du Speise aus der Erde hervorbringst.« Auch über Grünes spricht man: »Der du Frucht des Bodens schaffest«. R. Jehuda sagt: »Der du allerlei Kräuter schaffest.«",
|
65 |
+
"Wer über Baumfrüchte den Segen: »Der du die Frucht des Bodens schaffest«, gesprochen hat, genügt der Pflicht; wer dagegen über Erdfrüchte: »Der du die Baumfrüchte schaffest« gesprochen, genügt nicht; bei allen aber ist es genug, wenn er gesprochen: »Durch dessen Wort Alles geworden«<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><span dir=\"rtl\">שהכל נהיה בדברו</span> . Der Text kürzt ab und gibt nur das Anfangswort</i>.",
|
66 |
+
"Über eine Sache, deren Wachstum nicht von der Erde kommt, spricht man: »Schehakol«. Über Essig, über unreif abgefallene Frucht, über Heuschrecken, spricht man: »Schehakol«. Über Milch, über Käse, über Eier, spricht man: »Schehakol«. R. Jehuda sagt: Über alles, was eine Art Fluches ist, spreche man keinen Segen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dies zielt auf verdorbene Frucht, und Heuschrecken</i>.",
|
67 |
+
"Wer mehrere Arten vor sich hat, soll, wie R. Jehuda meint, wenn darunter von den sieben Arten eine ist<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Sieben Arten Früchte werden vorzüglich aus Canaan gerühmt, nämlich: Weizen, Gerste, Wein, Feige, Granatäpfel, Olive und Dattelhonig. S. Deut. 8, 5</i>, über diese den Segen sprechen. Die Weisen sagen: Er spreche den Segen über welche er will.",
|
68 |
+
"Hat man über den Wein vor der Mahlzeit den Segen gesprochen, so befreit man dadurch den Wein nach der Mahlzeit. Hat man über Nebengerichte<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><span dir=\"rtl\">פרפרת</span> ist griechisch entweder περιϕορά oder aus παραϕερόμενα gebildet. Hier bedeutet es, Gerichte, welche den Appetit zu reizen, oder nach der Mahlzeit als Nachtisch gereicht werden.</i> vor der Mahlzeit den Segen gesprochen, so befreit man die Nebengerichte nach der Mahlzeit. Spricht man den Segen über das Brot, so befreit man die Nebengerichte, (spricht man dagegen den Segen) über Nebengerichte, so befreit man nicht das Brod. Die Schule Schammai’s sagt: Auch nicht gekochte Speise.",
|
69 |
+
"Setzen sich Mehrere zu essen, so spricht Jeder für sich den Tischsegen; lagern sie aber herum, so spricht ihn Einer für Alle. Wird ihnen Wein bei der Mahlzeit gereicht, so spricht Jeder für sich den Segen; geschieht dies aber nach der Mahlzeit, spricht ihn Einer für Alle, und derselbe spricht ihn über die Räucherung<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die Morgenländer räuchern mit Weihrauch und andern wohlriechenden Dingen nach der Mahlzeit.</i>, obgleich die Räucherung erst nach dem Gastmahl gebracht wird.",
|
70 |
+
"Bringt man Einem Gesalzenes zuerst und Brod dazu, so spricht man den Segen über das Gesalzene und befreit das Brod; denn das Brod ist dabei nur Nebensache. Das ist die allgemeine Regel: Wenn eine Hauptspeise da ist und eine Nebenspeise dazu, spricht man den Segen über die Hauptspeise und befreit die Nebenspeise.",
|
71 |
+
"Hat Einer Feigen, Weintrauben oder Granatäpfel gegessen, so spricht er danach die drei Segenssprüche<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die drei Segenssprüche sind die im Tischgebete enthaltenen, über Speise, über das gelobte Land und über Jerusalem.</i>. Dies ist die Meinung des R. Gamliel; die Weisen sagen: Einen Segensspruch, der den Inhalt von den dreien hat. R. Akiba lehrt: Selbst wenn Einer Gemüse als seine Mahlzeit isst, spricht er danach drei Segenssprüche. Wer Wasser des Durstes wegen trinkt, spricht: »durch dessen Wort Alles geworden«. R. Tarphon sagt: (Gepriesen sei) der viele belebte Wesen erschuf (und ihren Bedarf<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Hier ist zu ergänzen: <span dir=\"rtl\">וחסרונם על כל מה שברא להחיות בהם נפש כל חי ברוך חי העולמים</span> .</i> u. s. w.</p>"
|
72 |
+
],
|
73 |
+
[
|
74 |
+
"Drei welche zusammen gespeist haben, sind verpflichtet zum Simun<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Siehe weiter Mischna 3.</i> (einander zum Tischsegensspruch nach der Mahlzeit aufzufordern). Wenn Einer Demaï oder ersten Zehnten, wovon seine Hebe abgenommen ist, zweiten Zehnten oder geheiligte Dinge, welche ausgelöset sind<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die Begriffe werden weiter unten in <span dir=\"rtl\">מסכת תרומות ,דמאי</span> und <span dir=\"rtl\">מעשרות</span> deutlich. Die genannten Gegenstände, nämlich <span dir=\"rtl\">דמאי</span> -Früchte, wovon man nicht weiss ob sie verzehntet worden sind, ferner ersten Zehnten wenn der Levite ihn vom Felde genommen, ehe der Priester die grosse Hebe erhalten hatte, und jetzt nur seine Terumah (<span dir=\"rtl\">תרומת מעשר</span>) abgegeben hat, so dass noch ein Teil der grossen Terumah darin ist, ferner das, was nur am heiligen Orte gegessen werden soll, und der Auslösung mit Hinzufügung des Fünftels bedarf, sind Alle eigentlich unerlaubt, aber wenn man sie gegessen hat, erfordern sie den Segen.</i>; ferner wenn der Aufwärter etwas von der Grösse einer Olive mitgegessen; ferner wenn ein Samaritaner dabei ist, spricht man die Simun-Formel. Aber mit Einem der Unverzehntetes oder ersten Zehnten, dessen Hebe nicht abgenommen oder zweiten Zehnten und Geheiligtes, das nicht ausgelöst worden, isst; ferner mit dem Aufwärter, der weniger als die Grösse einer Olive gegessen, ferner mit einem Götzendiener spricht man nicht die Simun-Formel.",
|
75 |
+
"Mit Frauen, Sklaven und Unmündigen vereint man sich nicht zum Simun. — Bei wie viel (Speise) ist es erforderlich? Bei der Grösse einer Olive. R. Jehuda sagt: Eines Eies.",
|
76 |
+
"Wie lautet die Simun-Formel. Bei Dreien sagt Einer: Lasst uns preisen (für die Speisen, die wir genossen)! Sind drei ausser ihm (der spricht), so sagt er: Preiset, (u. s. w.) Bei Zehn sagt Einer: Lasst uns unsern Gott preisen u. s. w. Sind Zehn ausser ihm, so sagt er: Preiset u. s. w. (Es ist gleichviel ob Zehn oder zehn Myriaden anwesend sind<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die in Parenthese stehenden Worte sind die Ansicht des R. Akiba. Der übrige Teil der Mischna ist nach R. Jose Hagelili. Siehe weiter unsere Mischna.</i>. — Bei Hundert sagt Einer: Lasst uns den Herrn unsern Gott preisen u. s. w. Sind Hundert ausser ihm, sagt er: Preiset u. s. w. Bei Tausend spricht Einer: Lasst uns preisen den Herrn, unsern Gott, den Gott Israels u. s. w. Sind Tausend ausser ihm, sagt er: Preiset u. s. w. Bei Zehntausend sagt Einer: Lasst uns preisen den Herrn, unsern Gott Israels, den Gott der Heerschaaren, der zwischen den Cherubim thront u. s. w. Sind Zehntausend ausser ihm sagt er: Preiset u. s. w. Nach der Weise, wie er zum Preisen auffordert, so antwortet man. (Z. B.:) Gepriesen sei der Herr, unser Gott, der Gott Israels, der Gott der Heerschaaren, der zwischen den Cherubim thronet, für die Speise, welche wir genossen haben. — R. Jose Hagelili sagt: Nach der Grösse der Versammlung spricht man den Segensspruch, wie es heisst (Psalm 68, 27): In Versammlungen preiset Gott den Ewigen, ihr vom Ursprunge Israels. — Allein R. Akiba sagt: Wie finden wir es in der Synagoge?<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Den Beweis erkennt R. Jose nicht an, weil in der Synagoge die Zahl nicht immer gleich bleibt.</i> Gleich viel, ob ihrer Viele oder Wenige, sagt er (der Vorbeter): Preiset den Herrn! — R. Ischmaël sagt: Preiset den Herrn, den Preiswürdigen.",
|
77 |
+
"Dreien welche zusammen speisen, ist es nicht erlaubt (sich vor dem Simun) zu teilen, ebenso wenig vier oder fünf<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Denn auf jedem Einzelnen liegt die Pflicht des <span dir=\"rtl\">זמרן</span> .</i>. Sechs mögen sich teilen, und so bis Zehn. Zehn aber dürfen sich nicht teilen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wegen Zusatz des <span dir=\"rtl\">נברך אלהינו</span> </i> bis ihrer zwanzig sind.",
|
78 |
+
"Zwei Gesellschaften, die in einem Hause speisen, wenn sie einander sehen können, verbinden sich zum Simun; wenn dies nicht der Fall ist, so spricht diese für sich allein und jene für sich allein das Simun. — Man spricht den Segen über den Wein nicht eher, als bis man Wasser darunter gemischt hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Weil der sehr starke Wein jener Gegenden erst durch die Beimischung des Wassers geniessbar wird.</i>, so sagt R. Elieser. Die Weisen sagen: Man dürfe (auch ohne dies) den Segen sprechen.</p>"
|
79 |
+
],
|
80 |
+
[
|
81 |
+
"Dies sind die Streitpunkte zwischen der Schule Schammai’s und der Schule Hillel’s bei der Mahlzeit. Schammai’s Schule sagt: Man spricht den Segen (an Feiertagen) erst über den Tag, dann über den Wein; Hillel’s Schule dagegen: Erst über den Wein, dann über den Tag.",
|
82 |
+
"Schammai’s Schule lehrt: Man wasche erst die Hände und fülle dann den Becher<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Um nicht durch die unreinen Hände den Becher durch Zufall zu verunreinigen, wenn er überfliesst. Hillel’s Schule hält dies nicht für unrein, sobald die Hände vorher gereinigt sind.</i>, Hillel’s Schule dagegen: Man fülle erst den Becher und wasche dann die Hände.",
|
83 |
+
"Schammai’s Schule lehrt: Man trockne seine Hände mit einem Tuche und lege dies auf den Tisch<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nämlich zum weiteren Gebrauche, denn man ass mit den Fingern ohne Messer und Gabel. Hillel’s Schule meint, dass es auf dem Tische verunreinigt werden könnte.</i>; Hillel’s Schule sagt: Auf den Polster.",
|
84 |
+
"Schammai’s Schule lehrt: Man fege (nach dem Essen) erst die Stube, und wasche dann die Hände Hillel’s Schule dagegen: Man wasche sich erst die Hände und fege dann die Stube<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Man speiste nämlich auf niedrigen Tischen.</i>.",
|
85 |
+
"Schammai’s Schule ordnet<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn nämlich Jemand vor Ausgang des Sabbat bei der Abendmahlzeit bis zum Erscheinen der Sterne sitzt, wo alsdann die Pflicht eintritt, ausser dem Tischgebete auch noch über das Licht, Gewürz und Beendigung des Festes einen Segen zu sprechen, und er nur einen Becher Wein vor sich hat.</i>: Segen über Licht, Speise, Gewürz und Festscheidung; Hillel’s Schule dagegen: über Licht, Gewürz, Speise und Festscheidung. Schammais Schule sagt (die Formel): Der das Licht des Feuers geschaffen; Hillel’s Schule dagegen: Der die Lichter<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nämlich die verschiedenen Lichtfarben.</i> des Feuers schaffet.",
|
86 |
+
"Man spreche nicht den Segen über Licht und Gewürz eines Götzendieners, nicht über Licht und Gewürz der Leichen, nicht über Licht und Gewürz, welche sich vor einem Götzenbilde befinden. — Man spreche den Segen über das Licht erst, wenn man dessen Lichtstrahl benutzen kann.",
|
87 |
+
"Wer gespeiset und vergessen hat den Tischsegen zu sprechen, der kehre, nach Schammai’s Schule, an den vorigen Ort zurück und spreche den Segen; Hillel’s Schule aber lehrt: Er spreche da, wo er sich dessen erinnert.—Bis wie lange ist man zum Segen verpflichtet? bis die Speise im Magen verdauet ist.",
|
88 |
+
"Kommt ihnen (den Speisenden) Wein nach der Speise, und es ist nur ein Becher voll da, so spreche man, nach Schammai’s Schule, den Segen über den Wein und nachher (das Tischgebet) über die Speise; nach Hillel’s Schule, erst über die Speise, dann über den Wein. Man antwortet »Amen« nach dem Segen, den ein Israelit spricht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">D. h. wenn man auch nur den Schluss desselben gehört hat.</i>, aber man antwortet nicht »Amen« nach dem von einem Samaritaner gesprochenen Segen, bis man den ganzen Segen gehört hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Weil vielleicht ihr Segen dem Berg Garisim galt.</i>.</p>"
|
89 |
+
],
|
90 |
+
[
|
91 |
+
"Wer einen Ort sieht, wo für das Volk Israel Wunder geschehen sind, spricht: Gepriesen sei, der unseren Vorfahren an diesem Orte Wunder getan hat. (Wer sieht) einen Ort, wo der Götzendienst ansgerottet worden, sagt: Gepriesen sei, der den Götzendienst von unserem Lande vertilgt hat.",
|
92 |
+
"Über Sternschnuppen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach dem Talmud ein Stern mit einem Schwanze, also ein Komet. Es ist aber vielleicht hier blos ein Sternschnuppen gemeint, der dieselbe Gestalt hat; da von atmosphärischen Erscheinungen die Rede ist.</i> Erdbeben, Blitze, Donner und Stürme, sagt man: Gepriesen sei, dessen Kraft und Allmacht die Welt erfüllt. Über Berge, Hügel, Meere, Flüsse und Wüsten, sagt man: Gepriesen sei der die Schöpfung vollbracht hat. R. Jehuda sagt: Wer das grosse Meer sieht, spreche: Gepriesen sei der das grosse Meer gemacht hat. Nämlich, wenn er es in Zwischenräumen sieht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nämlich von dreissig zu dreissig Tagen.</i>.— Über (befruchtenden) Regen, über glückliche Nachrichten, sagt man: Gepriesen sei der Gütige und Wohltätige. Über unglückliche Nachrichten sagt man: Gepriesen sei der gerechte Richter.",
|
93 |
+
"Hat man ein neues Haus gebaut oder neue Geräte gekauft, so sagt man: Gepriesen sei, der uns erhalten hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die ganze Formel lautet: <span dir=\"rtl\">שהחיינו וקימנו והגיענו לזמן הזה</span> .</i> u. s. w. — Man spricht den Segen über Unglück ohne Rücksicht auf dessen gute Folgen, und über Gutes ohne Rücksicht auf dessen üble Folgen. — Wenn Jemand über Geschehenes betet, so ist dies ein eitles Gebet. Z. B.: Wenn Einer, dessen Frau schwanger ist, spricht: Möge es Gott gefallen, dass mein Weib einen Knaben gebäre, so ist dies ein eitles Gebet. Oder, es kommt Jemand daher und vernimmt grosses Geschrei in der Stadt, und spricht: Möge es Gott gefallen, dass dies nicht meine Familie sei! so ist das ein eitles Gebet.",
|
94 |
+
"Wer in eine Festung eintritt, bete zweimal, ein Gebet beim Eintreten und eins beim Herausgehen. Ben Asai sagt: Vier, zwei beim Eintreten und zwei beim Herausgehen. Man danke nämlich für das Vergangene und bete für das Bevorstehende<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Beim Hineingehen sage man: Ich danke Dir, dass du mich in diese Stadt in Frieden hineingehen lässest; und wenn man darin ist: Ich danke Dir, dass du mich in Frieden in diese Stadt kommen liessest, und dem entsprechend beim Herausgehen.</i>.",
|
95 |
+
"Jedermann ist verpflichtet für das Böse ebenso Gott zu danken, wie man für das Gute Gott dankt. Denn es heisst (Dent. 6,5): Du sollst den Ewigen deinen Gott lieben von ganzem Herzen, von ganzer Seele und aus allen Kräften. Von ganzem Herzen heisst: Mit beiden Trieben, dem guten und dem bösen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Der böse Trieb ist die Sinnenlust, welche leicht ausartet.</i>. Von ganzer Seele heisst: Selbst wenn er dir das Leben nimmt. Aus allen Kräften heisst: Mit deinem ganzen Eigentume. Eine andere Erklär.: <span dir=\"rtl\">בכל מאדך</span> heisst: Bei jedem Geschick, das Gott dir zuschickt, schicke dich zum höchsten Danken<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Diese Erklärung ist fast nicht übersetzbar, weil sie ein Wortspiel enthält, mit <span dir=\"rtl\">מאד, מדה, מודה</span> . Wir haben es versucht das Wortspiel nachzuahmen.</i>. Man benehme sich nicht leichtsinnig gegen das östliche Tor (des Tempels); denn es liegt dem Allerheiligsten gegenüber. Man gehe nicht auf dem Tempelberge mit seinem Stocke, nicht mit Schuhen, nicht mit einem Geldgürtel<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><span dir=\"rtl\">פונדה</span> lat. Funda, eigentlich Schleuder, dann ein Netz, und endlich ein Geldbeutel.</i>, nicht mit Staub an den Füssen. Man mache ihn nicht zu einem Richtweg<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><span dir=\"rtl\">קפנדריא</span> ,lat. compendiaria, ein Durchgang um Zeit zu ersparen.</i> und speie darauf noch viel weniger. — Alle, die im Heiligtum einen Segen schlossen, sprachen: (gelobt sei der Gott Israels), von der Welt (Ewigkeit). Als aber die Gottesleugner<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><span dir=\"rtl\">אפיקורס</span> , ein Epikuräer, dient stets als Bezeichnung eines Materialisten, welcher nur dem Genusse dieser Welt fröhnt und allem Göttlichen sich entzieht, daher auch eines Gottesleugners.</i> fälschlich lehrten, es gebe nur eine Welt, verordnete man, dass sie sprechen: Von Welt zu Welt. Auch verordnete man, dass Jeder seinen Nächsten mit dem Namen Gottes begrüsse, denn es heisst (Rut 2, 4): Da kam Boas von Betlehem und sprach zu den Schnittern: Gott sei mit euch! Und sie erwiderten: Gott segne dich. Auch heisst es (Richter 6, 12): Gott sei mit dir, du starker Held! Und es heisst ferner (Sprüche 23, 22): Verachte deine Mutter nicht, weil sie alt geworden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">D. h. aus ältern Beispielen lernen wir oft die Sitten verbessern.</i>: und endlich (Psalm 119, 126): In einer Zeit wo es galt für Gott zu wirken, zerstörten sie deine Lehre, welches R. Natan erklärt: Man verletzte Gottes Gesetz, weil es Zeit war für Gott zu wirken<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">D. h. man darf mitunter ein Gebot der Tora übertreten, um dadurch für Gott zu wirken, wie z. B. Elias auf dem Berge Karmel opferte (was gesetzlich verboten war), um den Namen Gottes zu verherrlichen.</i>.</p>"
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Mishna Berahot, translation J. Wilhelm, 2019 [fr].json
ADDED
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{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Berakhot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "Original Translation by J. Wilhelm, 2019",
|
5 |
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"versionTitle": "Mishna Berahot, translation J. Wilhelm, 2019 [fr]",
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|
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|
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"Mishnah",
|
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"Seder Zeraim"
|
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|
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|
17 |
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[
|
18 |
+
" A partir de quand peut on lire le Shéma le soir ? A partir du moment où les cohanim sortent pour manger la téroumah, et cela jusqu'à la fin de la première garde, d’après Rabbi Eliezer. Les sages disent : jusqu'à minuit. Raban Gamliel dit : jusqu'à l’aube. Il est arrivé que mes fils reviennent d’une fête et m’ont dit : nous n’avons pas lu le Shéma. Je leur ai répondu : Si l’aube ne s’est pas levé, vous avez l’obligation de le lire. Et non seulement cela, mais tout ce que les sages ont déclaré être jusqu'à minuit, le commandement s’effectue jusqu'à l’aube. La combustion de la graisse et des morceaux, le commandement est jusqu'à l’aube. Tout ce qui peut être mangé la journée, le commandement est jusqu'à l’aube. S’il en est ainsi, pourquoi les sages ont dit « jusqu'à minuit » ? Afin d’éloigner l’homme de la faute.",
|
19 |
+
"A partir de quand peut on lire le Shéma du matin ? A partir du moment où l’on peut différencier le bleu azur du blanc. Rabbi Eliezer dit le bleu azur du bleu-vert. Et cela jusqu’au levé du soleil. Rabbi Yehoshoua a dit : jusqu'à la troisième heure, car ainsi font les princes, ils se lèvent à la troisième heure. Celui qui lit en dehors de ces horaires n’a pas tout perdu, il est comme un homme qui a lu la torah.",
|
20 |
+
"Ceux de l’école de Shammai disent : le soir tout homme s’allonge et lit [le Shéma], et le matin ils se lèvent [pour le lire], comme il est dit « quand tu te coucheras et quand tu te lèveras » (Deutéronome 6 :7). Ceux de l’école de Hillel disent : tout homme lit selon son chemin, car il est dit « et quand tu seras sur ton chemin » (ibid.). S’il en est ainsi, pourquoi dire « quand tu te coucheras et quand tu te lèveras » ? [Il faut le comprendre ainsi :] au moment ou les hommes se couchent et au moment ou les hommes se lèvent. Rabbi Tarfon a dit : [Une fois] j’étais en chemin, et je me suis allongé pour lire, afin de suivre l’avis de l’école de Shammai, et je me suis mis en danger à cause de brigands. Ils lui ont dit [à Rabbi Tarfon] : tu aurais été coupable de ta perte, pour ne pas avoir suivi l’école de Hillel.",
|
21 |
+
"Le matin on béni deux fois avant [la lecture du Shéma] et une fois après, le soir on béni deux fois avant et deux fois après. Une [bénédiction] longue et une courte. A l’endroit ou ils ont dit d’allonger, on ne peut raccourcir et à l’endroit ou ils ont dit de raccourcir, on ne peut allonger. Là ou l’on conclue, on ne peut pas ne pas conclure. Là ou l’on ne conclue pas, on ne peut pas conclure.",
|
22 |
+
"On se souvient de la sortie d’Egypte le soir [en l’incluant dans la lecture du Shéma]. Rabbi Eléazar ben Azaria a dit : voila que je suis comme quelqu’un de soixante dix ans et je n’ai pas réussi à démontrer [pour quelle raison] on mentionne la sortie d’Egypte le soir, jusqu'à que l’explique Ben Zoma, ainsi qu’il est dit « afin que tu te souviennes du jour ou je t’ai fait sortir de la terre d’Egypte tous les jours de ta vie » (Deutéronome 16 :3). « Les jours de ta vie », ce sont les jours. « Tous les jours de ta vie », [inclue] les nuits. Et les sages disent : « Les jours de ta vie », c’est ce monde « Tous les jours de ta vie », [inclue] le temps messianique.\n"
|
23 |
+
],
|
24 |
+
[
|
25 |
+
"Si une personne est en train de lire la torah, et qu’est venue le moment de lire [le Shéma], s’il avait l’intention [d’être acquitté du commandement de lire le Shéma], il est acquitté. Sinon, il n’est pas acquitté. Entre les paragraphes, on peut saluer [une personne] par respect et répondre, au milieu du paragraphe on peut saluer par crainte et répondre, d’après Rabbi Méir. Rabbi Yéhouda dit : au milieu des paragraphes on peut saluer par crainte et répondre par respect ; entre les paragraphes ou peut saluer par respect et répondre à tout venant. ",
|
26 |
+
"Voici [ce que l’on appelle] entre les paragraphes : entre la première bénédiction et la seconde, entre la seconde et «Shéma», entre « Shéma » et «véhaya im shamoha» [Et il arrivera si vous écoutez], entre «véhaya im shamoha» et «vayomer» [et il dit], entre «vayomer» et «emet veyatsiv» [vrai et affermi]. Rabbi Yehouda dit entre de «vayomer» et «emet veyatsiv» on ne s’arrête pas. Rabbi Yehoshoua ben Karha à dit : Pourquoi «shéma» est avant «véhaya im shamoha» ? Afin de recevoir le jour de la royauté divine en premier, puis de recevoir le joug des commandements. Et pour entre «véhaya im shamoha» et «vayomer» : car «véhaya im shamoha» implique le jour et la nuit tandis que «vayomer» n’implique que le jour.",
|
27 |
+
"Celui qui lit le Shéma mais ne l’a pas entendu de ces oreilles, il est acquitté. Rabbi Yossé dit : il n’est pas acquitté. Celui qui lit et ne prononce pas parfaitement les syllabes, Rabbi Yossé dit qu’il est acquitté. Rabbi Yehouda dit qu’il n’est pas acquitté. Celui qui lit dans sa tête n’est pas acquitté. Celui qui lit et se trompe doit revenir à l’endroit ou il s’est trompé.",
|
28 |
+
"Un travailleur peut lire [le Shéma] en haut d’un arbre ou en haut d’un échafaudage, ce qui n’est pas permit dans le cas de la prière [de la amida].",
|
29 |
+
"Un jeune marié est dispensé de réciter le Shéma la première nuit [de ses noces] et ce jusqu'à la fin du Chabbat, s'il n'a pas accompli l'acte. Il y eu un événement avec Rabban Gamaliel qui lut le Shéma la première nuit de son mariage. Ses élèves lui dirent: ne nous avez-vous pas appris, Notre maître, qu'un jeune marié est dispensé de réciter le Shéma la première nuit [de ses noces] ? Il leur répondit: Je ne vous écouterai pas me retirer la royauté du ciel, même un seul instant.",
|
30 |
+
"Il s’est lavé la première nuit ou est morte sa femme. Ses élèves lui dirent: ne nous avez-vous pas appris, Notre maître, qu’un endeuillé a l’interdiction de se laver ? Il répondit : je ne suis pas comme tous les hommes, je suis asthénique.",
|
31 |
+
"Et lorsqu’est mort son esclave Tavi, il reçut pour lui des condoléances. Ses élèves lui dirent: ne nous avez-vous pas appris, Notre maître, qu’on ne reçoit pas de condoléances pour ses esclaves ? Il leur dit : Tavi n’était pas comme tous les esclaves, il était pur.",
|
32 |
+
"Un marié, s’il veut lire la lecture du Shéma la nuit de ses noces, il lit. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel a dit: pas tous ceux qui le désirent ne peuvent prendre sur eux le nom de Dieu. "
|
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|
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json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
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"title": "Mishnah Berakhot",
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|
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"versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
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"heTitle": "משנה ברכות",
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|
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"Seder Zeraim"
|
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],
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"text": [
|
21 |
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[
|
22 |
+
"From what time may one recite the Shema in the evening? From the time that the priests enter [their houses] in order to eat their terumah until the end of the first watch, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. The sages say: until midnight. Rabban Gamaliel says: until dawn. Once it happened that his sons came home [late] from a wedding feast and they said to him: we have not yet recited the [evening] Shema. He said to them: if it is not yet dawn you are still obligated to recite. And not in respect to this alone did they so decide, but wherever the sages say “until midnight,” the mitzvah may be performed until dawn. The burning of the fat and the pieces may be performed till dawn. Similarly, all [the offerings] that are to be eaten within one day may be eaten till dawn. Why then did the sages say “until midnight”? In order to keep a man far from transgression.",
|
23 |
+
"From what time may one recite the Shema in the morning? From the time that one can distinguish between blue and white. Rabbi Eliezer says: between blue and green. And he must finish it by sunrise. Rabbi Joshua says: until the third hour of the day, for such is the custom of the children of kings, to rise at the third hour. If one recites the Shema later he loses nothing, like one who reads in the Torah.",
|
24 |
+
"Bet Shammai say: in the evening every man should recline and recite [the Shema], and in the morning he should stand, as it says, “And when you lie down and when you get up” (Deuteronomy 6:7). Bet Hillel say that every man should recite in his own way, as it says, “And when you walk by the way” (ibid). Why then is it said, “And when you lies down and when you get up?” At the time when people lie down and at the time when people rise up. Rabbi Tarfon said: I was once walking by the way and I reclined to recite the Shema according to the words of Bet Shammai, and I incurred danger from robbers. They said to him: you deserved to come to harm, because you acted against the words of Bet Hillel.",
|
25 |
+
"In the morning he recites two blessings before it and one after it; in the evening two before it and two after it, one long and one short. Where they [the sages] said that a long one should be said, he may not say a short one; where they said a short one he may not say a long one [Where they said] to conclude [with a blessing] he is not permitted to not conclude; where they said to not conclude [with a blessing], he may not conclude.",
|
26 |
+
"They mention the Exodus from Egypt at night. Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah said: \"Behold, I am almost a seventy-year old man and I have not succeeded in [understanding why] the Exodus from Egypt should be mentioned at night, until Ben Zoma explained it from a verse (Deuteronomy 16:3): ‘In order that you may remember the day you left Egypt all the days of your life.’ ‘The days of your life’ refers to the days. ‘All the days of your life’ refers to the nights. And the sages say: ‘the days of your life’ refers to this world. ‘All the days of your life’ includes the days of the Messiah."
|
27 |
+
],
|
28 |
+
[
|
29 |
+
"If one was reading in the Torah [the section of the Shema] and the time for its recital arrived, if he directed his heart [to fulfill the mitzvah] he has fulfilled his obligation, but if not he has not fulfilled his obligation. In the breaks [between sections] one may give greeting out of respect and return greeting; in the middle [of a section] one may give greeting out of fear and return it, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: in the middle one may give greeting out of fear and return it out of respect, in the breaks one may give greeting out of respect and return greeting to anyone.",
|
30 |
+
"These are the breaks between the sections: between the first blessing and the second, between the second and “Shema,” between “Shema” and “And it shall come to pass if you listen” between “And it shall come to pass if you listen” and “And the Lord said” and between “And the Lord said” and “Emet veYatziv” (true and firm). Rabbi Judah says: between “And the Lord said” and “Emet veYatziv” one should not interrupt. Rabbi Joshua ben Korhah said: Why was the section of “Shema” placed before that of “And it shall come to pass if you listen”? So that one should first accept upon himself the yoke of the Kingdom of Heaven and then take upon himself the yoke of the commandments. Why does the section of “And it shall come to pass if you listen” come before that of “And the Lord said”? Because “And it shall come to pass if you listen” is customary during both day and night, whereas [the section] “And the Lord said” is customary only during the day.",
|
31 |
+
"One who recites the Shema without causing it to be heard by his own ear, he has fulfilled his obligation. Rabbi Yose says: he has not fulfilled his obligation. If he recited it without pronouncing the letters succinctly, Rabbi Yose says he has fulfilled his obligation. Rabbi Judah says: he has not fulfilled his obligation. If he recites it out of order, he has not fulfilled his obligation. If he recites it and makes a mistake he goes back to the place where he made the mistake.",
|
32 |
+
"Workers may recite [the Shema] on the top of a tree or the top of a scaffolding, that which they are not allowed to do in the case of the Tefillah.",
|
33 |
+
"A bridegroom is exempt from reciting the Shema on the first night until the end of the Shabbat, if he has not performed the act. It happened with Rabban Gamaliel who recited the Shema on the first night after he had married. His students said to him: Our master, have you not taught us that a bridegroom is exempt from reciting the Shema. He replied to them: I will not listen to you to remove from myself the Kingship of Heaven even for a moment.",
|
34 |
+
"[Rabban Gamaliel] bathed on the first night after the death of his wife. His disciples said to him: Master, have you not taught us, that a mourner is forbidden to bathe. He replied to them: I am not like other men, I am very delicate.",
|
35 |
+
"When Tabi his [Rabban Gamaliel’s] slave died he accepted condolences for him. His disciples said to him: Master, have you not taught us that one does not accept condolences for slaves? He replied to them: My slave Tabi was not like other slaves: he was a fit man.",
|
36 |
+
"If a bridegroom wants to recite the Shema on the first night [of his marriage], he may do so. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: not everyone who desires to take up the name of God may do so."
|
37 |
+
],
|
38 |
+
[
|
39 |
+
"One whose dead [relative] lies before him is exempt from the recital of the Shema and from the tefillah and from tefillin. The bearers of the bier and their replacements, and their replacements’ replacement, both those in front of the bier and those behind the bier those needed to carry the bier, are exempt; but those not needed to carry the bier are obligated. Both, however, are exempt from [saying] the tefillah.",
|
40 |
+
"When they have buried the dead and returned [from the grave], if they have time to begin and finish [the Shema] before they get to the row, they should begin, but if not they should not begin. Those who stand in the row, those on the inside are exempt, but those on the outside are obligated.",
|
41 |
+
"Women, slaves and minors are exempt from reciting the Shema and putting on tefillin, but are obligated for tefillah, mezuzah, and Birkat Hamazon (the blessing after meals).",
|
42 |
+
"One who has had a seminal emission utters the words [of the Shema] in his heart and he doesn’t say a blessing, neither before nor after. Over food he says a blessing afterwards, but not the blessing before. Rabbi Judah says: he blesses both before them and after them.",
|
43 |
+
"If a man was standing saying the tefillah and he remembers that he is one who has had a seminal emission, he should not stop but he should abbreviate [the blessings]. If he went down to immerse, if he is able to come up and cover himself and recite the Shema before the rising of the sun, he should go up and cover himself and recite, but if not he should cover himself with the water and recite. He should not cover himself either with foul water or with steeping water until he pours fresh water into it. How far should he remove himself from it and from excrement? Four cubits.",
|
44 |
+
"A zav who has had a seminal emission and a niddah from whom semen escapes and a woman who becomes niddah during intercourse require a mikveh. Rabbi Judah exempts them."
|
45 |
+
],
|
46 |
+
[
|
47 |
+
"The morning Tefillah (Shacharit) is until midday. Rabbi Judah says until the fourth hour. The afternoon Tefillah (Minhah) until evening. Rabbi Judah says: until the middle of the afternoon. The evening prayer has no fixed time. The time for the additional prayers (musaf) is the whole day. Rabbi Judah says: until the seventh hour.",
|
48 |
+
"Rabbi Nehunia ben Hakaneh used to pray as he entered the Bet Hamidrash and as he left it a short prayer. They said to him: what is the reason for this prayer? He replied: When I enter I pray that that no mishap should occur through me, and when I leave I express thanks for my portion.",
|
49 |
+
"Rabban Gamaliel says: every day a man should pray the eighteen [blessings]. Rabbi Joshua says: an abstract of the eighteen. Rabbi Akiva says: if he knows it fluently he prays the eighteen, and if not an abstract of the eighteen.",
|
50 |
+
"Rabbi Eliezer says: if a man makes his prayers fixed, it is not [true] supplication. Rabbi Joshua says: if one is traveling in a dangerous place, he says a short prayer, saying: Save, O Lord, Your people the remnant of Israel. In every time of crisis may their needs be before You. Blessed are You, O Lord, who hears prayer.",
|
51 |
+
"If he is riding on a donkey, he gets down [and prays.] If he is unable to get down he should turn his face [towards Jerusalem], and if he cannot turn his face, he should direct his heart to the Holy of Holies.",
|
52 |
+
"If he is traveling in a ship, on a wagon or on a raft, he should direct his heart toward the Holy of Holies.",
|
53 |
+
"Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah says: The musaf prayer is said only with the local congregation. The sages say: whether with or with out the congregation. Rabbi Judah said in his name: wherever there is a congregation, an individual is exempt from saying the musaf prayer."
|
54 |
+
],
|
55 |
+
[
|
56 |
+
"One should not stand up to say Tefillah except in a reverent state of mind. The pious men of old used to wait an hour before praying in order that they might direct their thoughts to God. Even if a king greets him [while praying] he should not answer him: even if a snake is wound round his heel he should not stop.",
|
57 |
+
"They mention [God’s] power to bring rain in the blessing for the resurrection of the dead. And they ask for rain in the blessing for [fruitful] years. And havdalah in “Who grant knowledge.” Rabbi Akiva says: he says it as a fourth blessing by itself. Rabbi Eliezer says: in the thanksgiving blessing.",
|
58 |
+
"The one who says, “On a bird’s nest may Your mercy be extended,” [or] “For good may Your name be blessed” or “We give thanks, we give thanks,” they silence him. One who was passing before the ark and made a mistake, another should pass in his place, and he should not be as one who refuses at that moment. Where does he begin? At the beginning of the blessing in which the other made a mistake.",
|
59 |
+
"The one who passes before the ark should not respond Amen after [the blessings of] the priests because this might confuse him. If there is no priest there except himself, he should not raise his hands [to recite the priestly blessing], but if he is confident that he can raise his hands and go back to his place in his prayer, he is permitted to do so.",
|
60 |
+
"One who is praying and makes a mistake, it is a bad sign for him. And if he is the messenger of the congregation (the prayer leader) it is a bad sign for those who have sent him, because one’s messenger is equivalent to one’s self. They said about Rabbi Hanina ben Dosa that he used to pray for the sick and say, “This one will die, this one will live.” They said to him: “How do you know?” He replied: “If my prayer comes out fluently, I know that he is accepted, but if not, then I know that he is rejected.”"
|
61 |
+
],
|
62 |
+
[
|
63 |
+
"How do they bless over produce? Over fruit of the tree one says, “Who creates the fruit of the tree,” except for wine, over which one says, “Who creates the fruit of the vine.” Over produce from the ground one says: “Who creates the fruit of the ground,” except over bread, over which one says, “Who brings forth bread from the earth.” Over vegetables one says, “Who creates the fruit of the ground.” Rabbi Judah says: “Who creates diverse species of herbs.”",
|
64 |
+
"If one blessed over fruit of the tree the blessing, “Who creates the fruit of the ground,” he has fulfilled his obligation. But if he said over produce from the ground, “Who creates the fruit of the tree,” he has not fulfilled his obligation. If over anything he says “By Whose word all things exist”, he has fulfilled his obligation.",
|
65 |
+
"Over anything which does not grow from the earth one says: “By Whose word all things exist.” Over vinegar, fallen unripe fruit and locusts one says, “By Whose word all things exist.” Over milk and cheese and eggs one says, “By Whose word all things exist.” R. Judah says: over anything which is cursed they do not bless at all.",
|
66 |
+
"There were several kinds of food before him: Rabbi Judah says that if there is among them one of the seven species, he blesses over that. But the sages say: he may bless over which ever one he wants.",
|
67 |
+
"If he blessed over the wine before the meal he has exempted the wine after the meal. If he blessed over the appetizer (parperet) before the meal, he has exempted the dessert (parperet) after the meal. If he blessed over the bread he has exempted the appetizer/dessert (parperet), but if he blessed over the appetizer/dessert (parperet) he has not exempted the bread. Bet Shammai say: [he has not even exempted] a cooked [grain] dish.",
|
68 |
+
"If [those at the table] are sitting upright, each one blesses for himself. If they are reclining, one blesses for them all. If wine came during the meal, each one says a blessing for himself. If after the meal, one blesses for them all. The same one says [the blessing] over the incense, even though the incense is not brought until after the meal.",
|
69 |
+
"If they brought in front of him salted food at the beginning of the meal and bread with it, he blesses over the salted food and thereby exempts the bread, since the bread is ancillary to it. This is the general principle: whenever there is one kind of food that is the main [food] and another that is ancillary, he blesses over the main food and thereby exempts the ancillary.",
|
70 |
+
"If one has eaten grapes, figs or pomegranates he blesses after them three blessings, the words of Rabban Gamaliel. The sages say: one blessing which includes three. Rabbi Akiva says: even if one ate only boiled vegetables and that is his meal, he says after it the three blessings. If one drinks water to quench his thirst, he says “By Whose word all things exist.” Rabbi Tarfon says: “Who creates many living things and their requirements.”"
|
71 |
+
],
|
72 |
+
[
|
73 |
+
"Three that have eaten together, it is their duty to invite [one another to say Birkat Hamazon]. One who ate demai, or first tithe whose terumah has been separated, or second tithe or sanctified property which have been redeemed, or an attendant who has eaten as much as an olive’s worth of food, or a Samaritan may be included [in the three]. But one who ate untithed produce, or first tithe whose terumah has not been separated, or second tithe or sanctified property which have not been redeemed, or an attendant who has eaten less than the quantity of an olive or a Gentile may not be counted.",
|
74 |
+
"Women, children and slaves they do not recite an invitation over them. How much [must one have eaten] in order for them to recite an invitation? As much as an olive. Rabbi Judah says: as much as an egg.",
|
75 |
+
"How do they invite [one another to recite the Birkat Hamazon]? If there are three, he [the one saying Birkat Hamazon] says, “Let us bless [Him of whose food we have eaten].” If there are three and him he says, “Bless [Him of whose food we have eaten]” If there are ten, he says, “Let us bless our God [of whose food we have eaten].” If there are ten and he says, “Bless.” It is the same whether there are ten or ten myriads (ten ten thousands). If there are a hundred he says, “Let us bless the Lord our God [of whose food we have eaten]. If there are a hundred and him he says, “Bless.” If there are a thousand he says “Let us bless the Lord our God, the God of Israel [of whose food we have eaten].” If there are a thousand and him he says “Bless.” If there are ten thousand he says, “Let us bless the Lord our God, the God of Israel, the God of hosts, who dwells among the cherubim, for the food which we have eaten.” If there are ten thousand and him he says, “Bless.” Corresponding to his blessing the others answer after him, “Blessed be the Lord our God the God of Israel, the God of hosts, who dwells among the cherubim, for the food which we have eaten.” Rabbi Yose the Galilean says: According to the number of the congregation, they bless, as it says, “In assemblies bless God, the Lord, O you who are from the fountain of Israel.” Rabbi Akiba said: What do we find in the synagogue? Whether there are many or few the he says, “Bless the Lord your God.” Rabbi Ishmael says: “Bless the Lord your God who is blessed.”",
|
76 |
+
"Three persons who have eaten together may not separate [to recite Birkat Hamazon]. Similarly four and similarly five. Six may separate, up until ten. And ten may not separate until there are twenty.",
|
77 |
+
"Two eating companies that were eating in the same room: When some of them can see some of the other they combine [for a zimun], but if not each group makes a zimun for itself. They do not bless over the wine until they put water into it, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. The sages say they bless."
|
78 |
+
],
|
79 |
+
[
|
80 |
+
"These are the points [of difference] between Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel in regard to a meal. Bet Shammai says: first he blesses over the day and then over the wine. Bet Hillel says: first he blesses over the wine and then over the day.",
|
81 |
+
"Bet Shammai says: they wash their hands and then they pour the cup [of wine]. Bet Hillel says: they pour the cup [of wine] and then they wash their hands.",
|
82 |
+
"Bet Shammai says: he wipes his hand with a towel and then places it on the table. Bet Hillel says: on the cushion.",
|
83 |
+
"Bet Shammai says: [after the meal] they sweep the floor and then they wash their hands. But Bet Hillel says: they wash their hands and then they sweep the floor.",
|
84 |
+
"Bet Shammai says: [the proper order is] candle, [Birkat Ha]Mazon, spices, and Havdalah. But Bet Hillel says: candle, spices, [Birkat Ha]Mazon, and Havdalah. Bet Shammai says [the blessing over the candle concludes with the words], “Who created the light of the fire.” But Bet Hillel says: “Who creates the lights of the fire.”",
|
85 |
+
"They do not bless over the candles or the spices of non-Jews; Or over the candles or the spices of the dead; Or over the candles or the spices of idolatry; And a blessing is not said over the light until they benefit from its light.",
|
86 |
+
"One who has eaten and forgotten to bless [Birkat Hamazon]: Bet Shammai says: he must return to the place where he ate and bless. But Bet Hillel says: he should say it in the place where he remembered. Until when can he bless? Until sufficient time has passed for the food in his stomach to be digested.",
|
87 |
+
"If wine comes to them after the food, and there is only that cup: Bet Shammai says: he blesses over the wine and then he blesses over the food; But Bet Hillel says: he blesses over the food and then he blesses over the wine. They answer amen after a blessing said by an Israelite but they do not answer amen after a blessing said by a Samaritan, until he hears the whole blessing."
|
88 |
+
],
|
89 |
+
[
|
90 |
+
"If one sees a place where miracles have been done for Israel, he says, “Blessed be the One who made miracles for our ancestors in this place.” [If one sees] a place from which idolatry has been uprooted, he should say, “Blessed be the One who removed idolatry from our land.”",
|
91 |
+
"[On witnessing] comets, earthquakes, thunder, or windy storms one says, “Blessed be He whose strength and might fill the world.” [On seeing] mountains, hills, seas, rivers or deserts one says, “Blessed be He who made creation.” Rabbi Judah says: one who sees the Great Sea should say, “Blessed be He who made the Great Sea,” if he sees it at intervals. For rain and for good news one says, “Blessed be He that is good and grants good.” For bad news one says, “Blessed be the true judge.”",
|
92 |
+
"One who has built a new house or bought new vessels says, “Blessed be He who has kept us alive [and preserved us and brought us to this season.]” One who blesses over the evil as he blesses over the good or over the good as he blesses over evil; one who cries over the past, behold this is a vain prayer. How so? If his wife was pregnant and he says, “May it be his will that my wife bear a male child,” this is a vain prayer. If he is coming home from a journey and he hears a cry of distress in the town and says, “May it be his will that this is not be those of my house,” this is a vain prayer.",
|
93 |
+
"One who enters into a large city should say two prayers, one on entering and one on leaving. Ben Azzai says: four two on entering and two on leaving, he gives thanks for the past and cries out for the future.",
|
94 |
+
"One must bless [God] for the evil in the same way as one blesses for the good, as it says, “And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your might” (Deuteronomy 6:5). “With all your heart,” with your two impulses, the evil impulse as well as the good impulse. “With all your soul” even though he takes your soul [life] away from you. “With all your might” with all your money. Another explanation, “With all your might” whatever treatment he metes out to you. One should not show disrespect to the Eastern Gate, because it is in a direct line with the Holy of Holies. One should not enter the Temple Mount with a staff, or with shoes on, or with a wallet, or with dusty feet; nor should one make it a short cut, all the more spitting [is forbidden]. All the conclusions of blessings that were in the Temple they would say, “forever [lit. as long as the world is].” When the sectarians perverted their ways and said that there was only one world, they decreed that they should say, “for ever and ever [lit. from the end of the world to the end of the world]. They also decreed that a person should greet his fellow in God’s name, as it says, “And behold Boaz came from Bethlehem and said to the reapers, ‘May the Lord be with you.’ And they answered him, “May the Lord bless you’” (Ruth 2:. And it also says, “The Lord is with you, you valiant warrior” (Judges 6:12). And it also says, “And do not despise your mother when she grows old” (Proverbs 23:22). And it also says, “It is time to act on behalf of the Lord, for they have violated Your teaching” (Psalms 119:126). Rabbi Natan says: [this means] “They have violated your teaching It is time to act on behalf of the Lord.”"
|
95 |
+
]
|
96 |
+
],
|
97 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
98 |
+
"Chapter",
|
99 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
100 |
+
]
|
101 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Open Mishnah.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
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1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Berakhot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mishnah",
|
5 |
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"versionTitle": "Open Mishnah",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
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"license": "CC-BY-SA",
|
8 |
+
"versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה פתוחה",
|
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"actualLanguage": "en",
|
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"languageFamilyName": "english",
|
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"direction": "ltr",
|
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"heTitle": "משנה ברכות",
|
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"categories": [
|
16 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
17 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
18 |
+
],
|
19 |
+
"text": [
|
20 |
+
[
|
21 |
+
"From when may one recite <i>Shema</i> in the evening? From the time when the <i>Kohanim</i> go in to eat their <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption], until the end of the first watch – so says Rabbi Eliezer. And the Sages say: Until midnight. Rabban Gamliel says: Until the break of dawn. It once happened that his [Rabban Gamliel’s] sons came from a house of feasting. They said to him: We have not recited <i>Shema</i>. He said to them: If dawn has not broken, you are obligated to recite it. And [this is true] not only in this case; rather, in all cases where the Sages said that [some precept can be performed only] until midnight — their precepts are [still in force] until the break of dawn. [For example:] Burning the fats and limbs [of the sacrifices, on the Temple altar] — their precepts [can be performed] until the break of dawn. And [another example:] all [sacrifices] which may be eaten for one day — their precepts [of eating them can be performed] until the break of dawn. If that is so, why did the Sages say, \"until midnight\"? To distance a person from transgression.",
|
22 |
+
"From when may one recite <i>Shema</i> in the morning? From when one can distinguish between <i>Tekhelet</i> [purple-blue wool] and white. Rabbi Eliezer says: [The earliest time for <i>Shema</i> is when one can distinguish] between <i>Tekhelet</i> and the color of leek, and one must finish reciting it by sunrise. Rabbi Yehoshua says: [One may recite <i>Shema</i>] until three hours [of the day], for such is the way of the sons of kings, to arise at the third hour. If one recites [<i>Shema</i>] later than this, he has not lost out, [but rather is] like one who reads the Torah.",
|
23 |
+
"The school of Shammai says: In the evening all people should recline and recite [<i>Shema</i>], and in the morning they should stand, since it says [in the verse (Deut. 6:7)], “And when you lie down and when you arise.” But the school of Hillel says: Each person may recite it in his usual way (posture), since it says (ibid.), “And when you walk on the road.” If so, why does it say “and when you lie down and when you arise”? —[It means:] at the time when people are lying down, and at the time when people are arising. Said Rabbi Tarfon: “I was once traveling on the road, and I reclined to recite [<i>Shema</i>] in accordance with the view of the school of Shammai, and [by doing so] I put myself in danger of [attack by] bandits.” They [the other Sages] said to him: “You would have deserved to be guilty for your own fate, since you went against the view of the school of Hillel.”",
|
24 |
+
"In the morning one says two blessings before it [<i>Shema</i>] and one after it, while in the evening one says two blessings before it and two after it, a long one and a short one. Where they said to make the blessing long – he may not shorten it. [Where they said] to make the blessing short – he may not lengthen it. [Where they said] to conclude it – he is not permitted to omit the conclusion. [Where they said] not to conclude it – he is not permitted to conclude.",
|
25 |
+
"One must mention the exodus from Egypt at night. Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah said: \"Behold, I am like a seventy-year-old man, yet I could not win [the argument against the other sages] having the exodus from Egypt recited at night, until Ben Zoma derived it [from a Biblical source].\" \"[He derived it as follows:] It says (Deut. 16:3), 'In order that you may remember the day when you left Egypt for all the days of your life.'\" \"Now, 'days of your life' means the days; 'All the days of your life' [includes also] the nights.\" But the Sages say: \"Days of your life\" means the present world; \"All the days of your life\" includes also the era of <i>Mashiach</i>."
|
26 |
+
],
|
27 |
+
[
|
28 |
+
"If one was reading [<i>Shema</i>] in the Torah, and it came time to recite [<i>Shema</i>]: If he directed his mind [and intended to fulfill his obligation to recite <i>Shema</i> as he read it], he has fulfilled his obligation. And if not, he has not fulfilled his obligation. At the breaks [between sections of <i>Shema</i>], one may greet another out of honor and return a greeting, and in the middle [of a section], one may greet out of fear and return a greeting. These are the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: In the middle, one may greet out of fear and return a greeting out of honor, and at the breaks, one may greet out of honor and return a greeting to any person.",
|
29 |
+
"These are the section breaks: Between the first and second blessings, between the second blessing and <i>Shema</i>, and between <i>Shema</i> and <i>Vehayah im shamoa</i> [second paragraph of the <i>Shema</i>], between <i>Vehayah im shamoa</i> and <i>Vayomer</i> [third paragraph of <i>Shema</i>], between <i>Vayomer</i> and <i>Emet veyatsiv</i> [blessing after <i>Shema</i>]. Rabbi Yehuda says: Between <i>Vayomer</i> and <i>Emet veyatsiv</i> -- one may not pause. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Karchah said: Why does <i>Shema</i> precede <i>Vehayah im shamoa</i>? So that one may accept the yoke of the kingdom of heaven first, and after that accept the yoke of the commandments. And [why does] <i>Vehayah im shamoa</i> [precede] <i>Vayomer</i>? Because <i>Vehayah im shamoa</i> applies during the day and at night, and <i>Vayomer</i> only applies during the day.",
|
30 |
+
"One who recites <i>Shema</i> but doesn't make it audible to his ear - has fulfilled his obligation. Rabbi Yosei says: Has not fulfilled his obligation. One who recites but does not articulate each letter: Rabbi Yosei says: Has fulfilled his obligation. Rabbi Yehuda says: Has not fulfilled his obligation. One who recites out of order - has not fulfilled his obligation. One who recites and makes a mistake - should return to the place where he made the mistake.",
|
31 |
+
"Workers can recite [<i>Shema</i>] on top of a tree or on top of a wall of stones, which they are not permitted to do for [reciting the Shemoneh Esreh] prayer.",
|
32 |
+
"A groom is exempt from reciting <i>Shema</i> on the first night, until Saturday night if he has not done the deed. A story about Rabban Gamliel who recited [<i>Shema</i>] on the first night that he got married. His students said to him: Didn't you teach us, our teacher, that a groom is exempt from reciting <i>Shema</i> on the first night? He said to them: I will not listen to you, to remove the kingdom of heaven from me for even one hour.",
|
33 |
+
"[Rabban Gamliel] washed on the first night after his wife died. His students said to him: Didn't you teach us, our teacher, that a mourner is forbidden to wash? He said to them: I am not like other people. I am delicate.",
|
34 |
+
"And when [Rabban Gamliel's] slave Tavi died, he received words of comfort for him. His students said to him: Didn't you teach us, our teacher, that one does not receive words of comfort for slaves? He said to them: My servant Tavi was not like other servants. He was <i>Kasher</i> [acceptable].",
|
35 |
+
"If a groom wants to recite <i>Shema</i> on the first night, he may recite [it]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Not everyone who wants to take on the [Divine] name may take it on."
|
36 |
+
],
|
37 |
+
[
|
38 |
+
"One whose dead lies before him, he is exempt from reciting the <i>Shema</i>, from saying <i>Shemoneh Esrei</i> and from wearing tefillin. The pall bearers and their replacements and the replacements of the replacements, regardless of whether they are in the front or in the back of the casket: those that are needed to carry the casket are exempt, and those that are not needed to carry the casket are obligated [to recite <i>Shema</i>]. These and those are exempt from reciting <i>Shemoneh Esrei</i>.",
|
39 |
+
"When they have buried the dead and returned: If they are able to start and to finish before they reach the [place where they stand in a] line, they should start. If not, they should not start. As for those standing in a line, the ones standing on the inside are exempt and the ones standing on the outside are obligated.",
|
40 |
+
"Women, slaves, and minors are exempt from reciting <i>Shema</i> and from tefillin and are obligated in [reciting] <i>Shemoneh Esrei</i> and in [affixing a] <i>Mezuzah</i> and in [reciting] <i>Birkat HaMazon</i>.",
|
41 |
+
"A <i>Ba'al Keri</i> [someone subject to a certain form of ritual impurity] should recite <i>Shema</i> in his mind and should not bless [its blessings whatsoever], not before and not after it. And on food he should bless after it and not bless before it. Rabbi Yehudah says: He should bless before and after them [<i>Shema</i> and food].",
|
42 |
+
"If he was standing in prayer and remembered that he is a <i>Ba'al Keri</i>, he should not stop, but rather abridge [the prayer]. If he went down to immerse [himself], if he is able to go up and to cover himself and to recite [<i>Shema</i>] before and do it before sunrise, he should go up and cover himself and recite. And if not, he should cover himself in water and recite. But he should not cover himself in foul waters and not in waters of soaking [flax] until he puts [more] water into them. And how far must he distance himself from them and from excrement? Four cubits.",
|
43 |
+
"A <i>Zav</i> [someone subject to a certain form of ritual impurity] who saw a seminal emission, and a <i>Niddah</i> [someone subject to a different form of ritual impurity] who discharged semen from sexual relations, and a woman having sexual relations who saw menstrual blood, require [ritual] immersion. And Rabbi Yehudah exempts them."
|
44 |
+
],
|
45 |
+
[
|
46 |
+
"<i>Shacharit</i> [can be said] until midday. Rabbi Yehudah says until four hours into the day. <i>Minchah</i> [can be said] until the evening. Rabbi Yehudah says until the middle of the afternoon. <i>Ma'ariv</i> has no set time and <i>Musaf</i> can be said all day. Rabbi Yehudah says until seven hours into the day.",
|
47 |
+
"Rabbi Nechunya ben HaKanah would offer a brief prayer when he entered the study hall and when he left. They said to him: What is the nature of this prayer? He told them: Upon my entrance, I pray that no mishaps should occur because of me; and upon my departure, I offer thanksgiving for my portion.",
|
48 |
+
"Rabban Gamliel says: Every day a person must pray eighteen [blessings of <i>Shemoneh Esrei</i>]. Rabbi Yehoshua says: [One may say] an abbreviated [form of the] eighteen [blessings]. Rabbi Akiva says: If his prayer is fluent in his mouth, he must say eighteen; and if it is not -- an abbreviated eighteen.",
|
49 |
+
"Rabbi Eliezer says: One who makes his prayer \"set\" [as though it is burdensome to him], his prayer does not constitute \"pleading\" [for Divine mercy]. Rabbi Yehoshua says: One who is traveling in a dangerous place should offer a brief prayer [and] say: Save, G-d, Your people, the remnant of Israel; at every period of transition let their needs be before You. You are the Source of all blessing, G-d, Who heeds prayer.",
|
50 |
+
"If one was riding a donkey, he should dismount from it [while he prays]. And if he is unable to dismount, he should turn his face [towards Jerusalem]. And if he is unable to turn his face, he should focus his heart toward the Holy of Holies [in the Temple in Jerusalem].",
|
51 |
+
"If one was sitting in a boat, or in a wagon, or on a raft, [when he prays] he should focus his heart toward the Holy of Holies.",
|
52 |
+
"Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah says: [One does] not [say] the prayer of <i>Musaf</i> except in the presence of a <i>Minyan</i>. And the sages say: [One should always say the prayer of <i>Musaf</i>,] with a <i>Minyan</i> or without a <i>Minyan</i>. Rabbi Yehuda says in his [Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah's] name: Any place in which there is a <i>Minyan</i> praying, the individual is exempt from the prayer of <i>Musaf</i>."
|
53 |
+
],
|
54 |
+
[
|
55 |
+
"[One] should not stand up to pray unless he is in a serious frame of mind. The original pious ones used to wait one hour and then pray, in order to direct their hearts towards the Omnipresent. [While one is reciting <i>Shemoneh Esrei</i>,] even if the king greets him, he should not respond to him, and even if a snake wraps around his heel, he should not interrupt.",
|
56 |
+
"[We] mention the request for rain in [the blessing of] <i>Techiyat HaMeitim</i> [Resurrection of the Dead]; and [we] ask for rain [by adding the phrase <i>Vetein Tal Umatar Livrakhah</i>] in <i>Birkat HaShanim</i> [Blessing of the Year's crops]; and [we recite] <i>Havdalah</i> [blessing for the transition from Sabbath to weekday] in [the blessing of] <i>Chonein Hada'at</i> [Endower of Knowledge]. Rabbi Akiva says: One recites it [<i>Havdalah</i>] as a fourth blessing by itself. Rabbi Eliezer says: [One recites <i>Havdalah</i>] in the blessing of <i>Modim</i> [Thanksgiving].",
|
57 |
+
"One who says [in prayer]: \"To the nest of a bird does Your compassion reach!\" and \"On the good shall Your Name be mentioned!\" \"Thank you, thank you\"--silence him. One who leads the prayer service and makes a mistake--replace him with another. And he [who is asked to serve as the replacement] should not refuse at such a time. From where should [the replacing leader] begin? From the beginning of the blessing in which [the first leader] made a mistake.",
|
58 |
+
"One who leads the prayers should not repond after [the blessing of] the <i>Kohanim</i> [by saying] \"Amen\", because of the lost concentration [that might ensue]. If there is no <i>Kohen</i> there besides him [to recite the Priestly Blessing], He should not recite the Priestly Blessing [himself]. But if he is confident that he will [be able to] recite the Priestly Blessing and [then] return to his prayer, [he is] permitted.",
|
59 |
+
"One who is praying, and makes a mistake, it is a bad omen for him; and if he was a delegate of the congregation, it is a bad omen for his delegators [the congregation], because a person's messenger is [considered] like himself. They used to say about him, about Rabbi Chanina ben Dosa: When he would pray for the sick, he would say: This one will live and this one will die. They said to him: How do you know? He replied to them: If the prayer is fluent in my mouth, I know that it has been accepted; and if not, then I know that it has been torn up."
|
60 |
+
],
|
61 |
+
[
|
62 |
+
"How does one recite blessings for fruits? On fruits growing on a tree, one says, \"...Who created the fruit of the tree,\" except for wine; on wine, one says, \"...Who created the fruit of the vine.\" On fruits growing from the earth, one says, \"...Who created the fruit of the ground,\" except for bread; on bread, one says, \"...Who brings forth bread from the earth.\" On vegetables, one says, \"...Who created the fruit of the ground.\" Rabbi Yehudah says: [One should say instead,] \"...Who created various types of herbs.\"",
|
63 |
+
"If one blessed on the fruits of the tree with \"...Who created the fruit of the ground\", he fulfilled his obligation. But if he blessed on the fruits of the ground \"...Who created the fruit of the trees,\" he did not fulfill his obligation. In all [cases], if he said: \"...For everything exists by God's word\", he fulfilled his obligation.",
|
64 |
+
"On a thing which does not grow from the earth, say: \"For everything.\" On vinegar and on unripe fruits and on the locusts, say: \"For everything.\" On milk and on cheese and on eggs, say: \"For everything.\" Rabbi Yehudah says: Anything which is a cursed species should not be blessed upon.",
|
65 |
+
"If one has before him many different species, Rabbi Yehudah says: If there is among them one of the seven species, bless on that one. But the Sages say: Bless on whichever he desires.",
|
66 |
+
"[If one] blessed on the wine before the meal – [he has] exempted the wine after the meal. [If one] blessed on the appetizer before the meal – [he has] exempted the dessert after the meal. [If one] blessed on the bread – [he has] exempted the appetizer; [but if one blessed] on the appetizer – [he has] not exempted the bread. The House of Shammai says: not even a cooked grain dish.",
|
67 |
+
"[If people] sit to eat – each one blesses for himself. [But if they] recline – one blesses for all. [If] wine comes in during the meal – each one blesses for himself. After the meal – one blesses for all. And he says it on incense even though incense is not brought until after the meal.",
|
68 |
+
"[If] they brought before him salty food first, and bread with it -- he blesses on the salty food and is exempt on the bread, because the bread is ancillary to it. This is the principle: Everything that is primary, and has something secondary with it, he blesses on the primary and [thereby] exempts the secondary.",
|
69 |
+
"One who ate figs, grapes, or pomegranates, blesses three blessings after them [according to the] words of Rabban Gamliel. The Sages say, one blessing that is the essence of three. Rabbi Akiva says, even one who ate vegetables, if that was his food, blesses three blessings after it. One who is drinking water for his thirst says, “that everything exists by His word.” Rabbi Tarphon says, \"Who creates many living beings.\""
|
70 |
+
],
|
71 |
+
[
|
72 |
+
"If three people eat together they are obligated to convene [to say the blessing after a meal]. If he ate food which may not have been tithed, or the first tithe from which <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption] had been removed, or the second tithe or <i>Hekdesh</i> [items pledged for sacred use] that had been redeemed, or a servant that had eaten an olive['s volume], or a <i>Kuti</i> [sect closely tied to Judaism], he must convene with them. But if he ate untithed produce, or the first tithe from which <i>Terumah</i> had not been removed, or the second tithe or sanctified [food] which had not been redeemed, or a servant who ate less than an olive['s volume], or a non-Jew, he cannot convene with them.",
|
73 |
+
"Women, slaves, and children--one cannot convene with them. How much is needed [to be eaten in order] to convene? At least an olive['s volume]. Rabbi Yehuda says at least an egg['s volume].",
|
74 |
+
"How does one convene? When there are three [people] say, “Let us bless.” When there are three and him say, “Bless.” When there are ten say, “Let us bless our God.” When there are ten and him say, “Bless”. The [law is the] same for ten as for ten myriads. When there are a hundred say, “Let us bless.” When there are a hundred and him say, “Bless.” When there are a thousand say, “Let us bless God, our God, God of Israel.” When there are a thousand and him say, “Bless”. When there are ten thousand say, “Let us bless God, our God, God of Israel, God of the legions, who dwells above the <i>Keruvim</i> [sculpted creatures that stood above the Ark], for the food that we have eaten.” With ten thousand and himself say, \"Bless.\" Like the way he blessed, they respond after him, “Blessed is God, our God, God of Israel, God of the legions, who dwells above the <i>Keruvim</i>, for the food that we have eaten.” Rabbi Yosi the Galilean says, according to the greatness of the assembly they bless, as it says, ‘In assemblies bless God from the fountain of Israel.’ Said Rabbi Akiva, what do we find in the synagogue? The [law is the] same for many as for few; say \"Bless God.\" Rabbi Yishmael says, \"Bless God, the blessed.\"",
|
75 |
+
"Three that eat together are not allowed to separate, and so [if there are] four, and so [if there are] five. Six may be separated until ten, and ten may not be separated until [there are at least] twenty.",
|
76 |
+
"When two groups eat together in one house, at a time when some of them see each other they may join to convene, and if not, these convene to themselves and those convene to themselves. The blessing over wine cannot be said until one adds water to it. These are the words of Rabbi Eliezer, and the Sages say they can bless."
|
77 |
+
],
|
78 |
+
[
|
79 |
+
"These things are [disputed] between the school of Shammai and the school of Hillel about meals: The school of Shammai says, \"Bless the day, and afterward bless the wine.\" The school of Hillel says, \"Bless the wine, and afterward bless the day.\"",
|
80 |
+
"The school of Shammai says, \"Rinse the hands, and afterward pour the cup.\" The school of Hillel says, \"Pour the cup, and afterward rinse the hands.\"",
|
81 |
+
"The school of Shammai says, \"One wipes his hands in a cloth, and [then] places it on the table.\" The school of Hillel says, \"On the cushion.\"",
|
82 |
+
"The school of Shammai says, \"Sweep the room, and afterward rinse the hands.\" The school of Hillel says, \"Rinse the hands, and afterward sweep the room.\"",
|
83 |
+
"The school of Shammai says, \"Flame, and [then] Grace after Meals, and [then] spices, and [then] <i>Havdalah</i>.\" The school of Hillel says, \"Flame, and [then] spices, and [then] Grace after Meals, and [then] <i>Havdalah</i>.\" The school of Shammai says, \"Who created the light of fire.\" The school of Hillel says, \"Creator of the lights of fire.\"",
|
84 |
+
"We bless: not over the flame nor over the spices of idolaters, and not over the flame nor over the spices of the dead, and not over the flame nor over the spices that are in front of an idol. We do not bless over the flame until its light is used.",
|
85 |
+
"One who ate and forgot and did not bless: the school of Shammai says he should return to his place and bless. The school of Hillel says he should bless in the place where he remembered. Until when may he bless? Until the food in his bowels is digested.",
|
86 |
+
"If wine is brought to them after the meal, and nothing is [available] there except for that cup: the school of Shammai says, \"Bless the wine and afterward bless the meal.\" The school of Hillel says, \"Bless the meal and afterward bless the wine.\" Respond \"Amen\" after a Jew blesses, and do not respond \"Amen\" after a Cuthite blesses until one has heard the whole blessing."
|
87 |
+
],
|
88 |
+
[
|
89 |
+
"He that sees a place where miracles were done for Israel should say, “Blessed [is He] who did miracles for our fathers in this place.” [If he sees] a place that had idol worship uprooted from it, say, “Blessed [is He] who uprooted idol worship from our land.”",
|
90 |
+
"On comets, and on earthquakes, and on lightning and on thunder, and on storms say, “Blessed [be He] whose strength and might fill the world.” On mountains, and on hills, and on seas, and on rivers, and on deserts say, “Blessed [is He] who makes the works of the beginning.” R’ Yehuda says, “One who sees the great sea says, ‘Blessed [is He] who made the great sea,’ only if he sees it occasionally.” On rain and on good news say, “Blessed is He who is good and does good.” And on bad news say, “Blessed [are You] the true judge.”",
|
91 |
+
"When one builds a new house, and acquires new vessels, he says, “Blessed [is He] that kept us alive [and sustained us and brought us to this time].” Bless upon the bad which contains good, and upon the good which contains bad. He who prays over what has already happened, this prayer is in vain. How? If his wife was pregnant and he said, “May it be your will that my wife give birth to a boy,\" this prayer is in vain. If he was coming on the way and heard the sound of screaming in the city, and he said, “May it be your will that these are not the children of my house,\" this is a prayer in vain.",
|
92 |
+
"One who enters a large city should pray twice, once on his entrance and once on his exit. Ben Azzai said, “Four; twice on his entrance and twice on his exit, and [he should] give thanks for what is past and supplicate for the future.\"",
|
93 |
+
"A person is obligated to bless upon the bad just as he blesses upon the good. As it says, “And you shall love the Lord your God, with all your heart and all your soul and with all that you have.” (Deut. 6:5) “With all your heart” – with your two inclinations, with the inclination of good and the inclination of evil. “And in all your soul” – even if He takes your soul. “And with all that you have” – with all your money. Alternatively, “With all that you have” – with every measure that is measured for you thank Him very much. Man must not be light with his head [frivolous] near the eastern gate, for it is near the foundation of the house of the Holy of Holies. One may not enter the Holy Mount with his staff, or with his sandal, or with his belt-pouch, or with dust on his feet, and may not make it a shortcut, and spitting is forbidden, as deduced from [the principle of] lesser to greater. All that ended the blessings when they were in the Temple would say, “From the world.” When the heretics corrupted [matters] and said, “there is no world but this one,” they [the Sages] corrected this so that they should say, “From the world and until the [next] world.” And they corrected this, that one shall inquire after the peace of his friend with the Name [of God], as it says, “And behold, Boaz came from Bethlehem and said to the harvesters, ‘God be with you’, and they said to him, ‘God bless you.’” (Ruth 2:4) And it says, “God is with you, great and valorous one.” (Judges 6:12) And it says, “Do not scorn, because your mother is old.” (Proverbs 23:22) And it says, “It is time to do for God, they have broken your Torah.” (Psalms 119:126) Rabbi Nathan says, “'They nullified your Torah' – because it is time to do for God.”"
|
94 |
+
]
|
95 |
+
],
|
96 |
+
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|
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|
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"Mishnah"
|
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|
100 |
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}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
ADDED
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+
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"language": "en",
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"title": "Mishnah Berakhot",
|
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"versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org",
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"versionTitle": "Sefaria Community Translation",
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|
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|
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|
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[],
|
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[],
|
24 |
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[],
|
25 |
+
[],
|
26 |
+
[],
|
27 |
+
[],
|
28 |
+
[
|
29 |
+
"One who sees a place where miracles were done for Jews recites, \"Blessed is He who made miracles for our fathers in this place\"; a place from which idolatry was uprooted, he recites, \"Blessed is He who uprooted idolatry from our land\".",
|
30 |
+
"Over shooting stars, earthquakes, lightning, thunder and storms one recites, \"Blessed is He whose strength fills the world\". Over mountains, hills, seas, rivers and deserts one recites, \"Blessed is He who performs the deed of creation\". Rabbi Yehuda says: one who sees the great sea recites, \"Blessed is He who made the great sea\" - so long as he sees it only on occasion. Over the rains and over good news one recites, \"Blessed is the One who is good and does good.\" Over bad news one recites, \"Blessed is the true judge\".",
|
31 |
+
"One who built a new house or who acquired new clothes says, \"Blessed is He who gave us life [sustained us and enabled us to reach this time]\". One must make a blessing over the bad that derives from the good, and over the good that derives from the bad. One who cries out over that which has transpired: this is a meaningless prayer. How so? If his wife is pregnant and he says, \"May it be [Your] will that my wife delivers a boy\", this is a meaningless prayer. If he is travelling on the road and he hears the noise of shouting in the city and he says, \"May it be [Your] will that these [outcries] are not from within my house\", this is a meaningless prayer.",
|
32 |
+
"One who enters a city prays twice: once on his entrance and once on his departure. Ben Azzai says: Four times: twice on his entrance and twice on his departure; he gives thanks on that which has passed and he cries out for that which is to come.",
|
33 |
+
"One is obligated to make a blessing over the bad just as one makes a blessing over the good, as it says: \"You shall love the LORD your God with all of your heart and with all of your soul and with all of your being\" (Deuteronomy 6:5). With all of your heart: with your two inclinations - the good inclination and the evil inclination. With all of your soul: even were He to take your soul. With all of your being: with all of your money. Another interpretation: With all of your being (<i>me'odekha</i>): with every single attribute (<i>midah</i>) by which He measures you (<i>moded</i>) you should praise Him (<i>modeh</i>) exceedingly (<i>me'od</i>). A man should not be light-headed [when he is] across from the Eastern Gate, for it is facing the Home of the Holy of Holies. He should not enter the Holy Mount with his staff or with his footwear or with his purse or with dirt upon his feet, nor should he make it into a shortcut, and how much more so spitting [is prohibited]. In all of the closings of blessings that were [used] in the Temple they said, \"from this world.\" When the heretics caused harm, and said, \"There is only one world\", they decreed that \"from this world unto the other\" should be said [instead]. And they decreed that a man should inquire of the well-being of his friend using the [Divine] name, as it says (Ruth 2:4): \"And behold Bo'az was coming from Beit Lechem, and he said to the harvesters, 'G-d be with you', and they said to him, 'G-d bless you.'\" And it says (Judges 6:12), \"G-d is with you, courageous man.\" And it says (Proverbs 23:22), \"Do not scoff because your mother has aged.\" And it says (Psalms 119:126), \"At a time of doing for G-d, they dissolved your Torah.\" Rabbi Natan says, \"[When] they dissolved your Torah, it is a time of doing for G-d.\""
|
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]
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22 |
+
"<b>V</b>ON <small>WANN AN LIEST MAN DAS</small> Š<small>EMA͑</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das Šema͑ (dh. <i>höre</i>, Anfangswort des Verses), das morgens und abends gelesen wird, besteht aus drei aus verschiedenen Stellen des Pentateuchs (Dt. 6,4–10; ib. 11,13–22; Num. 15,37–41) zusammengestellten Abschnitten.</i> <small>AM</small> A͑<small>BEND</small>? – <small>VON DER</small> S<small>TUNDE AN, DA DIE</small> P<small>RIESTERN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Unrein gewordene Priester, die, nachdem sie gebadet, den völligen Sonnenuntergang abwarten müssen und erst dann ins Heiligtum treten und von der Hebe essen dürfen. Cf. Lev. 22,4–7.</i> <small>EINTRETEN, VON IHRER</small> H<small>EBE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die priesterl. Abgaben von Baum- und Feldfrüchten. Cf. Num. 18,8.</i> <small>ZU ESSEN, BIS ZUM</small> S<small>CHLUSS DER ERSTEN</small> N<small>ACHTWACHE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Nacht wird in drei Wachen geteilt; hierüber weiter Fol. 3a.</i> – <small>SO</small> R.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dh. Rabbi, Ehrentitel der Gelehrten vor Abschluß der Mišna, bezw. Rabh, dass. nach Einholung der Approbation, entspricht ungefähr unserem Doktor oder Magister.</i> E<small>LIE͑ZER</small>. D<small>IE</small> W<small>EISEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Mišnalehrer (Tannaím); unter dieser Bezeichnung oft auch eine Person gemeint.</i> <small>SAGEN, BIS</small> M<small>ITTERNACHT</small>; R. G<small>AMLIÉL SAGT, BIS DIE</small> M<small>ORGENRÖTE AUFSTEIGT</small>. E<small>INST KAMEN SEINE</small> S<small>ÖHNE VOM</small> G<small>ASTMAHL UND SPRACHEN ZU IHM</small>: W<small>IR HABEN</small> <small>NOCH</small> <small>DAS</small> Š<small>EMA͑ NICHT GELESEN</small>. D<small>A SPRACH ER ZU IHNEN</small>: I<small>ST DIE</small> M<small>ORGENRÖTE NOCH NICHT AUFGESTIEGEN, SO SEID IHR ZU LESEN VERPFLICHTET</small>. U<small>ND NICHT NUR DIESBEZÜGLICH SAGTEN SIE DIES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Weisen; daß das Gebot bis Mitternacht reicht.</i>, <small>SONDERN VON ALLEM, WORÜBER DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGTEN</small>, <small>ES HABE</small> Z<small>EIT</small> <small>BIS</small> M<small>ITTERNACHT, GILT DAS</small> G<small>EBOT, BIS DIE</small> M<small>ORGENRÖTE AUFSTEIGT</small>. D<small>AS</small> G<small>EBOT DER</small> A<small>UFRAUCHERUNG DES</small> F<small>ETTES UND DER</small> G<small>LIEDERN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Des Opfers; cf. Lev. 6,5.</i> <small>REICHT, BIS DIE</small> M<small>ORGENRÖTE AUFSTEIGT, UND DAS</small> G<small>EBOT DESSEN, WAS AN EINEM</small> T<small>AGE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> ZBs. Opferteile; Lev. 7,15.</i> <small>GEGESSEN WERDEN SOLL, REICHT, BIS DIE</small> M<small>ORGENRÖTE AUFSTEIGT</small>. W<small>ARUM SAGTEN DIE</small> W<small>EISEN, WENN DEM SO IST: BIS</small> M<small>ITTERNACHT</small>? U<small>M DEN</small> M<small>ENSCHEN VON DER</small> Ü<small>BERTRETUNG FERNZUHALTEN</small>.",
|
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"<b>V</b><small>ON WANN AN LIEST MAN DAS</small> Š<small>EMA͑ AM</small> M<small>ORGEN</small>? – <small>SOBALD MAN ZWISCHEN PURPURBLAU UND WEISS UNTERSCHEIDEN KANN</small>; R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, ZWISCHEN PURPURBLAU UND LAUCHGRÜN</small>. M<small>AN BEENDE ES BIS</small> S<small>ONNENAUFGANG</small>; R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, BIS DREI</small> S<small>TUNDEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nach Sonnenaufgang liest man das Šema͑ am Morgen.</i>, <small>DENN</small> K<small>ÖNIGE PFLEGEN IN DER DRITTEN</small> S<small>TUNDE AUFZUSTEHEN</small>. W<small>ER VON DA AB LIEST, HAT NICHTS VERLOREN, ALS WENN JEMAND IN DER</small> T<small>ORA LIEST</small>.",
|
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"<b>D</b><small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, AM</small> A<small>BEND LESE MAN</small> <small>DAS</small> Š<small>EMA͑</small> <small>ANGELEHNT, UND AM</small> M<small>ORGEN STEHE MAN, DENN ES HEISST</small>:<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dt. 6,7.</i><i>wenn du dich niederlegst und wenn du aufstehst;</i> <small>DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, JEDER LESE AUF SEINE</small> W<small>EISE, DENN ES HEISST</small>:<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dt. 6,7.</i><i>wenn du auf dem Wege gehst</i>. W<small>IESO ABER HEISST ES DEMNACH:</small> <i>wenn du dich niederlegst und wenn du aufstehst</i>? – <small>ZUR</small> S<small>TUNDE, DA DIE</small> M<small>ENSCHEN SICH NIEDERLEGEN, UND ZUR</small> S<small>TUNDE, DA DIE</small> M<small>ENSCHEN AUFSTEHEN</small>. R. T<small>RYPHON ERZÄHLTE</small>: E<small>INST BEFAND ICH MICH UNTERWEGS UND LEHNTE MICH AN, UM DAS</small> Š<small>EMA͑ NACH DER</small> A<small>NSICHT DER</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS ZU LESEN; ICH SETZTE MICH DER</small> G<small>EFAHR AUS, WIEGEN DER</small> R<small>ÄUBER</small>. M<small>AN ERWIDERTE IHM</small>: D<small>U HAST ES VERDIENT, SELBER</small> S<small>CHULD ÜBER DICH ZU BRINGEN, WEIL DU DIE</small> W<small>ORTE DER</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS ÜBERTRETEN HAST</small>.",
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"<b>A</b><small>M</small> M<small>ORGEN SPRECHE MAN ZWEI</small> S<small>EGENSSPRÜCHE VORHER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Vor und nach dem Šema͑.</i><small>UND EINEN NACHHER; AM</small> A<small>BEND SPRECHE MAN ZWEI VORHER UND ZWEI NACHHER, EINEN LÄNGEREN UND EINEN KÜRZEREN</small>. W<small>O SIE EINEN LANGEN</small> S<small>EGENSSPRUGH ANGEORDNET HABEN, DARF MAN NICHT KÜRZEN, UND WO SIE EINEN KURZEN ANGEORDNET HABEN, DARF MAN NICHT VERLÄNGERN; WO DIE</small> S<small>CHLUSSFORMEL</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die bekannte Formel ‘Gesegnet seist du &c.’ am Schluß des Segensspruches.</i><small>ZU SPRECHEN, DARF MAN SIE NICHT FORTLASSEN, WO DIE</small> S<small>CHLUSSFORMEL NICHT ZU SPRECHEN, DARF MAN SIE NICHT HINZUFÜGEN</small>.",
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"<b>M</b><small>AN ERWÄHNE DEN</small> A<small>USZUG AUS</small> M<small>IÇRAJIM</small> <small>AUCH</small> <small>NACHTS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Auch dem Šema͑ des Abends wird der Çiçithabschnitt, in dem der Ausz. aus Miç. erwähnt wird, angehängt, obgl. das Çiçithgebot nur eine Tagespflicht ist.</i>. R. E<small>LEA͑ZAR B</small>. A͑<small>ZARJA SPRACH</small>: I<small>CH BIN BEREITS WIE EIN</small> S<small>IEBZIGJÄHRIGER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Vgl. weit. Fol. 28a.</i>, <small>DENNNOCH KONNTE ICH</small> <small>MEINE</small> A<small>NSICHT</small> <small>NICHT DURCHSETZEN, DASS MAN DEN</small> A<small>BSCHNITT VOM</small> A<small>USZUG AUS</small> M<small>IÇRAJIM AUCH NACHTS LESE; BIS</small> B<small>EN</small> Z<small>OMA KAM UND DIES AUS DER</small> S<small>CHRIFT DEUTETE</small>. E<small>S HEISST</small>:<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dt. 16,3.</i><i>damit du des Tages deines Auszuges aus Miçrajim alle Tage deines Lebens gedenkest</i>; <small>DIE</small> T<small>AGE DEINES</small> L<small>EBENS, DAS SIND DIE</small> T<small>AGE, ALLE</small> T<small>AGE DEINES</small> L<small>EBENS, DAS SIND DIE</small> N<small>ÄCHTE</small>. D<small>IE</small> W<small>EISEN ABER SAGEN</small>: D<small>IE</small> T<small>AGE DEINES</small> L<small>EBENS, DAS IST DIESE</small> W<small>ELT; ALLE</small> T<small>AGE DEINES</small> L<small>EBENS, DIES SCHLIESST DIE MESSIANISCHEN</small> T<small>AGE EIN</small>."
|
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+
],
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[
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"<b>W</b>ENN <small>JEMAND IN DER</small> T<small>ORA</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Den Abschnitt, der das Šema͑ enthält.</i> <small>LIEST, UND DIE</small> Z<small>EIT DES</small> Š<small>EMALESENS HERANREICHT, SO GENÜGT ER, WENN ER DIES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Pflicht des Šema͑ nachzukommen.</i> <small>BEABSICHTIGT, SEINER</small> P<small>FLICHT</small>. A<small>N DEN</small> A<small>BSÄTZEN DARF MAN AUS</small> E<small>HRERBIETUNG GRÜSSEN UND EINEN</small> G<small>RUSS ERWIDERN; IN DER</small> M<small>ITTE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Eines Segensspruches od. eines Absatzes.</i> <small>ABER DARF MAN NUR AUS</small> F<small>URCHT GRÜSSEN UND EINEN</small> G<small>RUSS ERWIDERN – SO</small> R. M<small>EÎR</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, IN DER</small> M<small>ITTE DÜRFE MAN AUS</small> F<small>URCHT GRÜSSEN UND AUS</small> E<small>HRERBIETUNG EINEN</small> G<small>RUSS ERWIDERN, UND AN DEN</small> A<small>BSÄTZEN AUS</small> E<small>HRERBIETUNG GRÜSSEN UND JEDERMANN SEINEN</small> G<small>RUSS ERWIDERN</small>.",
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"F<small>OLGENDE</small> S<small>TELLEN</small> <small>SIND</small> A<small>BSÄTZE: ZWISCHEN DEM ERSTEN UND DEM ZWEITEN</small> S<small>EGENSSPRUCHE, ZWISCHEN DEM ZWEITEN</small> S<small>EGENSSPRUCHE UND</small> ‘H<small>ÖRE</small> J<small>ISRAÉL</small>’, <small>ZWISCHEN</small> ‘H<small>ÖRE</small> J<small>ISRAÉL’ UND</small> ‘W<small>ENN IHR HÖREN WERDET’, ZWISCHEN</small> ‘W<small>ENN IHR HÖREN WERDET’ UND</small> ‘E<small>R SPRACH’, ZWISCHEN</small> ‘E<small>R SPRACH’ UND</small> ‘W<small>AHR UND FESTSTEHEND</small>’. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, MAN DÜRFE ZWISCHEN</small> ‘E<small>R SPRACH’ UND</small> ‘W<small>AHR UND FESTSTEHEND’ NICHT UNTERBRECHEN</small>. R. J<small>EHOŠUE͑ B</small>. Q<small>ORḤA SAGTE</small>: D<small>ER</small> A<small>BSCHNITT</small> ‘H<small>ÖRE</small> J<small>ISRAÉL’ GEHT</small> <small>DEM</small> A<small>BSCHNITTE</small> ‘W<small>ENN IHR HÖREN WERDET’ DESHALB VORAN, DAMIT MAN VORHER DAS</small> J<small>OCH DER HIMMLISCHEN</small> H<small>ERRSCHAFT UND HERNACH DAS</small> J<small>OCH DER</small> G<small>ESETZE AUF SICH NEHME</small>. U<small>ND</small> <small>DER</small> A<small>BSCHNITT</small> ‘W<small>ENN IHR HÖREN WERDET</small>’ <small>DEM</small> A<small>BSCHNITT</small> ‘E<small>R SPRACH’ DESHALB, WEIL DER ERSTEHE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der vom Studium der Tora spricht.</i> <small>SOWOHL AM</small> T<small>AGE ALS AUCH IN DER</small> N<small>ACHT, DER</small> L<small>ETZTERE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dieser handelt von den Çiçilh, die nur Pflicht des Tages sind.</i> <small>ABER NUR AM</small> T<small>AGE</small> G<small>ELTUNG HAT</small>.",
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"<b>W</b><small>ER DAS</small> Š<small>EMA͑ LIEST, OHNE ES SEINEM</small> O<small>HRE HÖRBAR ZU MACHEN, GENÜGT SEINER</small> P<small>FLICHT</small>; R. J<small>OSE SAGT, ER GENÜGE IHR NICHT</small>. W<small>ER ES GELESEN UND DIE</small> B<small>UCHSTABEN NICHT GENAU AUSGESPROCHEN HAT, HAT, WIE</small> R. J<small>OSE SAGT, SEINER</small> P<small>FLICHT GENÜGT, UND WIE</small> R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, IHR NIGHT GENÜGT</small>. W<small>ER RÜCKWÄRTS LIEST, GENÜGT SEINER</small> P<small>FLICHT NIGHT</small>. W<small>ER GELESEN UND SICH VERIRRT HAT, FANGE VON DER</small> S<small>TELLE WIEDER AN, WO ER SICH VERIRRT HAT</small>.",
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"<b>H</b><small>ANDWERKER DÜRFEN AUF DER</small> S<small>PITZE DES</small> B<small>AUMES UND AUF DER</small> H<small>ÖHE DES</small> G<small>ERÜSTES DAS</small> Š<small>EMA͑ LESEN, NICHT ABER SO DAS</small> G<small>EBET VERRICHTEN</small>.",
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"D<small>ER</small> B<small>RÄUTIGAM IST IN DER ERSTEN</small> N<small>ACHT, UND FALLS ER DEN</small> A<small>KT NOCH NICHT VOLLZOGEN HAT, BIS ZUM</small> Š<small>ABBATH AUSGANGE, VOM</small> Š<small>EMAA͑LESEN BEFREIT</small>. A<small>LS EINST</small> R. G<small>AMLIÉL, ALS ER EINE</small> F<small>RAU NAHM, IN DER ERSTEN</small> N<small>ACHT DAS</small> Š<small>EMA͑ LAS, SPRACHEN SEINE</small> S<small>CHÜLER ZU IHM</small>: M<small>EISTER, DU HAST UNS JA GELEHRT, EIN</small> B<small>RÄUTIGAM SEI VOM</small> Š<small>EMA͑LESEN BEFREIT</small>. E<small>R ERWIDERTE IHNEN</small>: I<small>CH GEBE EUCH NICHT NACH, DAS HLMMLISCHE</small> J<small>OCH AUCH NUR EINE</small> S<small>TUNDE VON MIR ABZULEGEN</small>.",
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"<b>A</b><small>1S ER IN DER ERSTEN</small> N<small>ACHT, NACHDEM SEINE</small> F<small>RAU GESTORBEN WAR, BADETE, SPRACHEN SEINE</small> S<small>CHÜLER ZU IHM</small>: M<small>EISTER, DU HAST UNS JA GELEHRT, DER</small> L<small>EIDTRAGENDE DÜRFE NICHT BADEN</small>. E<small>R ERWIDERTE IHNEN</small>: I<small>CH GLEICHE NICHT ANDEREN</small> M<small>ENSCHEN, ICH BIN VERWEICHLICHT</small>.",
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"A<small>LS SEIN</small> S<small>KLAVE</small> Ṭ<small>ABI GESTORBEN WAR, UND ER</small> B<small>EILEIDSBEZEUGUNGEN ENTGEGENNAHM, SPRACHEN SEINE</small> S<small>CHÜLER ZU IHM</small>: M<small>EISTER, DU HAST UNS JA GELEHRT, MAN NEHME KEINE</small> B<small>EILEIDSBEZEUGUNGEN ÜBER</small> <small>DEN</small> T<small>OD VON</small> S<small>KLAVEN ENTGEGEN</small>.E<small>R ERWIDERTE IHNEN</small>: M<small>EIN</small> S<small>KLAVE</small> Ṭ<small>ABI GLICH NICHT ALL DEN ANDEREN</small> S<small>KLAVEN, ER WAR TUGENDHAFT</small>.",
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"D<small>ER</small> B<small>RÄUTIGAM DARF, FALLS ER WILL, AUCH IN DER ERSTEN</small> N<small>ACHT DAS</small> Š<small>EMA͑ LESEN</small>. R. <small>ŠIMO͑N B</small>. G<small>AMLIÉL ABER SAGT, NIGHT EIN JEDER, DER SICH DEN</small> R<small>UF</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Eines übermäßig Frommen.</i><small>BEILEGEN WILL, DARF IHN SICH BEILEGEN</small>."
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],
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[
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"<b>W</b>ER <small>SEINEN</small> T<small>OTEN VOR SICH LIEGEN HAT, IST VOM</small> Š<small>EMA͑LESEN, VOM</small> G<small>EBETE UND VON ALLEN IN DER</small> T<small>ORA GENANNTEN</small> G<small>EBOTEN BEFREIT</small>. V<small>ON DEN</small> T<small>RÄGERN DER</small> B<small>AHRE, IHREN</small> A<small>BLÖSERN UND DEN</small> A<small>BLÖSERN IHRER</small> A<small>BLÖSER, DIE VOR DER</small> B<small>AHRE UND DIE HINTER DER</small> B<small>AHRE, SIND, DIE VOR DER</small> B<small>AHRE SICH BEFINDEN, FALLS MAN SIE BRAUCHT, BEFREIT, UND DIE HINTER DER</small> B<small>AHRE SICH BEFINDEN, AUCH FALLS MAN SIE BRAUCHT, VERPFLICHTET</small>. D<small>IESE UND JENE SIND VOM</small> G<small>EBETE BEFREIT</small>.",
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"S<small>OBALD SIE DEN</small> T<small>OTEN BESTATTET HABEN UND ZURÜCKGEKEHRT SIND, MÜSSEN SIE, FALLS SIE ANFANGEN UND BEENDEN KÖNNEN, BEVOR SIE NOCH IN DIE</small> R<small>EIHE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Abschn. II. Anm. 101.</i><small>KOMMEN, ANFANGEN, WENN ABER NICHT, SO FANGEN SIE NICHT AN</small>. V<small>ON DEN IN DER</small> R<small>EIHE</small> S<small>TEHENDEN SIND DIE INNEREN BEFREIT UND DIE ÄUSSEREN VERPFLICHTET</small>. (F<small>RAUEN</small>, S<small>KLAVEN UND</small> M<small>INDERJÄHRIGE SIND VOM</small> S<small>EMA͑LESEN UND VON DEN</small> T<small>EPHILLIN BEFREIT, ZUM</small> G<small>EBETE, ZUR</small> M<small>EZUZA</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wörtl. Pfosten; übertragen für die die ersten zwei Šema͑abschnitte enthaltende Pergamentrolle, die oberhalb des rechten Türpfostens angebracht ist (cf. Dt. 6,9; 11,20).</i> <small>UND ZUM</small> T<small>ISCHSEGEN VERPFLICHTET</small>.)",
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"<b>F</b><small>RAUEN</small>, S<small>KLAVEN UND</small> M<small>INDERJÄHRIGE SIND VOM</small> Š<small>EMA͑LESEN</small> UND VON DEN T<small>EPHILLIN BEFREIT; SIE SIND ABER ZUM</small> G<small>EBETE, ZUR</small> M<small>EZUZA UND ZUM</small> T<small>ISCHSEGEN VERPFLICHTET</small>.",
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"<b>D</b><small>ER</small> S<small>AMENERGUSSBEHAFTETE DENKE</small> <small>DAS</small> Š<small>EMA͑</small> <small>IN SEINEM</small> H<small>ERZEN UND SPRECHE DIE</small> S<small>EGENSSPRÜCHE WEDER VORHER NOCH NACHHER</small>. Ü<small>BER DIE</small> M<small>AHLZEIT SPRECHE ER DEN</small> S<small>EGENSSPRUCH NACHHER, NICHT ABER VORHER</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, ER SPRECHE DIE</small> S<small>EGENSSPRÜCHE VORHER UND NACHHER</small>.",
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"<b>W</b><small>ENN JEMAND BEIM</small> B<small>ETEN STEHT UND SICH ERINNERT, DASS ER SAMENERGUSSBEHAFTET IST, SO BRECHE ER</small> <small>DAS</small> G<small>EBET</small> <small>NICHT AB, SONDERN KÜRZE ES</small>. W<small>ER ZUM</small> R<small>EINIGUNGSBADE HINABGESTIEGEN IST, MUSS, FALLS ER NOCH VOR</small> S<small>ONNENAUFGANG HERAUFSTEIGEN, SICH ANKLEIDEN UND DAS</small> Š<small>EMA͑ LESEN KANN, HERAUFSTEIGEN, SICH ANKLEIDEN UND LESEN, WENN ABER NICHT, SO BEDECKE ER SICH MIT DEM</small> W<small>ASSER UND LESE</small>. M<small>AN BEDECKE SICH ABER, NICHT MIT SCHMUTZIGEM</small> W<small>ASSER, NOCH MIT</small> E<small>INWEICHWASSER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> In welchem Wäsche, Flachs udgl. eingeweicht wurde.</i>, <small>ES SEI DENN, MAN HAT</small> <small>FRISCHES</small> W<small>ASSER HINZUGEGOSSEN</small>. W<small>IE WEIT ENTFERNE MAN SICH HIERVON UND VOM</small> K<small>OT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Um beten zu dürfen.</i>? – <small>VIER</small> E<small>LLEN</small>.",
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"<b>D</b><small>ER</small> F<small>LUSSBEHAFTETE, DER</small> S<small>AMENERGUSS HATTE, DIE</small> M<small>ENSTRUIERENDE, DIE</small> S<small>AMEN AUSGESTOSSEN, UND DIE BEI DER</small> B<small>EGATTUNG</small> M<small>ONATSBLUTUNG GEMERKT, BENÖTIGEN DES</small> R<small>EINIGUNGSBADES</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA BEFREIT SIE DAVON</small>."
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],
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[
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"<b>D</b>AS M<small>ORGENGEBET</small> <small>HAT</small> Z<small>EIT</small><small> BIS</small> M<small>ITTAG;</small> R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, BIS VIER</small> S<small>TUNDEN</small>. D<small>AS</small> V<small>ESPERGEBET</small> <small>HAT</small> Z<small>EIT</small><small> BIS ZUM</small> A<small>BEND;</small> R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, BIS ZUR</small> V<small>ESPERHÄLFTE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Vesperzeit beginnt 2½ Stunden vor Beginn der Nacht, die Vesperhälfte 10¾.</i><small></small>. D<small>AS</small> A<small>BENDGEBET HAT KEINE FESTGESETZTE</small> Z<small>EIT</small>. D<small>AS</small> Z<small>USATZGEBET</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> An den Feiertagen.</i> <small>HAT</small> Z<small>EIT</small><small> DEN GANZEN</small> T<small>AG;</small> R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, BIS SIEBEN</small> S<small>TUNDEN</small>.",
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+
"<b>R.</b> N<small>EḤUNJA B</small>. H<small>AQANA PFLEGTE BEI SEINEM</small> E<small>INTRETEN IN DAS</small> L<small>EHRHAUS UND BEI SEINEM</small> H<small>ERAUSGEHEN EIN KURZES</small> G<small>EBET ZU VERRICHTEN</small>. S<small>IE FRAGTEN IHN:</small> W<small>ELCHE</small> B<small>EWANDTNIS HAT ES MIT DIESEM</small> G<small>EBETE?</small> E<small>R ERWIDERTE IHNEN</small>: B<small>EI MEINEM</small> E<small>INTRETEN BETE ICH, DASS SICH DURCH MICH KEIN</small> A<small>NSTOSS EREIGNE, BEI MEINEM</small> H<small>ERAUSGEHEN STATTE ICH</small> D<small>ANK AB FÜR MEIN LOS</small>.",
|
49 |
+
"<b>R.</b> G<small>AMLIÉL SAGT, MAN BETE JEDEN</small> T<small>AG DAS</small> A<small>CHTZEHNGEBET;</small> R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, DEN</small> A<small>USZUG DES</small> A<small>CHTZEHNGEBETES</small>; R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGT, IST EINEM DAS</small> G<small>EBET IM</small> M<small>UNDE GELÄUFIG, SO BETE ER DAS</small> A<small>CHTZEHNGEBET, WENN NICHT, SO BETE ER DEN</small> A<small>USZUG DES</small> A<small>CHTZEHNGEBETES</small>.",
|
50 |
+
"R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGTE</small>: W<small>ER SEIN</small> G<small>EBET ALS ETWAS</small> O<small>BLIGATORISCHES BETRACHTET, DESSEN</small> G<small>EBET IST KEIN</small> F<small>LEHEN</small>. R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGTE</small>: W<small>ER AN EINEM</small> O<small>RTE DER</small> G<small>EFAHR GEHT, BETE EIN KURZES</small> G<small>EBET, ER SPRECHE:</small> H<small>ILF, O</small> H<small>ERR, DEINEM</small> V<small>OLKE, DEM</small> Ü<small>BERRESTE</small> J<small>ISRAÉLS; MÖGEN IHRE</small> B<small>EDÜRFNISSE AUF ALLEN</small> S<small>CHEIDEWEGEN DIR GEGENWÄRTIG SEIN</small>. G<small>EPRIESEN SEIST DU, O</small> H<small>ERR, DER DU DAS</small> G<small>EBET ERHÖREST</small>.",
|
51 |
+
"W<small>ER AUF EINEM</small> E<small>SEL REITET, STEIGE AB UND BETE; KANN ER NICHT ABSTEIGEN, SO WENDE ER SEIN</small> G<small>ESICHT</small> <small>GEN</small> J<small>ERUŠALEM</small>;<small> KANN ER SEIN</small> G<small>ESICHT NICHT WENDEN, SO RICHTE ER SEINEN</small> S<small>INN AUF DAS</small> A<small>LLERHEILIGENHAUS</small>.",
|
52 |
+
"W<small>ER ZU</small> S<small>CHIFF ODER AUF EINEM</small> F<small>LOSSE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nach Maimonides Boot.</i><small>REIST, RICHTE SEINEN</small> S<small>INN AUF DAS</small> A<small>LLERHEILIGENHAUS</small>.",
|
53 |
+
"R. E<small>LEA͑ZAR B</small>. A͑<small>ZARJA SAGT, DAS</small> Z<small>ÜSATZGEBET SEI NUR FÜR DIE</small> S<small>TADTGEMEINDE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nur in einer Ortschaft, in der eine Gemeinde da ist; der einzelne braucht dieses Gebet nicht zu verrichten.</i><small>; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, FÜR DIE</small> S<small>TADTGEMEINDE, AUCH WO KEINE</small> S<small>TADTGEMEINDE</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT IN DESSEN</small> N<small>AMEN, WO SICH EINE</small> S<small>TADTGEMEINDE BEFINDET, SEI DER EINZELNE VOM</small> Z<small>USATZGEBETE BEFREIT</small>."
|
54 |
+
],
|
55 |
+
[
|
56 |
+
"<b>M</b>AN <small>STELLE SICH ZUM</small> B<small>ETEN NICHT ANDERS ALS MIT SCHWEREM</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wörtl. Schwere des Hauptes, als Ggs. zu <span dir=\"rtl\">ראש קלות</span> Leichte des Hauptes, Leichtfertigkeit.</i> E<small>RNST</small>. D<small>IE FRÜHEREN</small> F<small>ROMMEN PFLEGTEN EINE</small> S<small>TUNDE ZU VERWEILEN UND DANN ZU BETEN, UM ZUVOR IHR</small> H<small>ERZ AUF IHREN</small> V<small>ATER IM</small> H<small>IMMEL ZU RICHTEN</small>. S<small>ELBST WENN EINEN DER</small> K<small>ÖNIG GRÜSST, ERWIDERE MAN IHM NICHT; SELBST WENN EINE</small> S<small>CHLANGE SICH UM SEINE</small> F<small>ERSE WINDET, UNTERBRECHE MAN NICHT</small>.",
|
57 |
+
"<b>M</b><small>AN ERWÄHNE DES</small> R<small>EGENS IM</small> A<small>ÜFERSTEHUNGSSEGEN, DIE</small> B<small>ITTE, IM</small> S<small>EGEN ÜBER DAS</small> J<small>AHR UND DEN</small> U<small>NTERSCHEIDUNGSSEGEN, IM</small> S<small>EGEN</small> ‘D<small>ER</small> E<small>RKENNTNIS VERLEIHT</small>’. R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGT, MAN LESE IHN ALS VIERTEN</small> S<small>EGENSSPRUCH BESONDERS;</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, IM</small> D<small>ANKSEGEN</small>.",
|
58 |
+
"<b>W</b><small>ENN JEMAND SAGT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Im Gebet.</i>: ‘<small>BIS AUF DAS</small> V<small>OGELNEST</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Dt. 22,6 ff.</i> <small>ERSTRECKT SICH DEIN</small> E<small>RBARMEN</small>’, <small>ODER</small>: ‘<small>OB DES</small> G<small>UTEN SEI DEINES</small> N<small>AMENS GEDACHT</small>’, <small>ODER</small>: ‘<small>WIR DANKEN, WIR DANKEN</small>’. <b>S</b><small>AGT</small> J<small>EMAND</small> ‘<small>DIE</small> G<small>UTEN PREISEN DICH</small>’, <small>SO IST DIES</small> H<small>ÄRESIE</small>. W<small>ENN JEMAND VOR DAS</small> V<small>ORBETERPULT TRITT UND SICH IRRT, SO TRETE EIN ANDERER AN SEINER</small> S<small>TELLE VOR</small>; <small>MAN LASSE SICH DABEI NICHT NÖTIGEN</small>. W<small>O BEGINNT DIESER</small>? – <small>VOM</small> A<small>NFANG DES</small> S<small>EGENSSPRUCHES, BEI DEM JENER SICH GEIRRT HAT</small>.",
|
59 |
+
"W<small>ER VOR DEM</small> V<small>ORBETERPULTE STEHT, SAGE NICHT DAS</small> A<small>MEN NACH</small> <small>DEM</small> S<small>EGEN</small> <small>DER</small> P<small>RIESTER, WEGEN DER</small> V<small>ERWIRRUNG</small>. I<small>ST KEIN ANDERER</small> P<small>RIESTER ANWESEND ALS ER, SO ERHEBE ER SEINE</small> H<small>ÄNDE NICHT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Zum Priestersegen.</i>; <small>IST ER ABER SICHER, DASS ER DIE</small> H<small>ÄNDE ERHEBEN UND DAS</small> G<small>EBET FORTSETZEN KANN, SO DARF ER DIES</small>.",
|
60 |
+
"<b>W</b><small>ER BEIM</small> B<small>ETEN SICH IRRT, FÜR DEN IST ES EIN BÖSES</small> Z<small>EICHEN</small>; <small>GESCHIEHT ES DEM</small> V<small>ORBETER, SO IST DIES EIN BÖSES</small> Z<small>EICHEN FÜR SEINE</small> A<small>UFTRÄGER, DENN DER</small> B<small>EAUFTRAGTE DES</small> M<small>ENSCHEN GLEICHT DIESEM SELBER</small>. M<small>AN ERZÄHLT VON</small> R. Ḥ<small>ANINA B</small>. D<small>OSA, DASS ER, WENN ER FÜR</small> K<small>RANKE BETETE, ZU SAGEN PFLEGTE, DIESER WERDE LEBEN, JENER WERDE STERBEN</small>. M<small>AN FRAGTE IHN</small>: W<small>OHER WEISST DU DIES</small>? E<small>R ERWIDERTE</small>: I<small>ST MIR MEIN</small> G<small>EBET IM</small> M<small>UNDE GELÄUFIG, SO WEISS ICH, DASS ES ANGENOMMEN, WENN NICHT, SO WEISS ICH, DASS ES GEWIRRT WURDE</small>."
|
61 |
+
],
|
62 |
+
[
|
63 |
+
"<b>W</b>IE <small>SPRECHE MAN DEN</small> S<small>EGEN ÜBER</small> F<small>RÜCHTE</small>? Ü<small>BER</small> B<small>AUMFRÜCHTE SPRECHE MAN</small> ‘D<small>ER DIE</small> B<small>AUMFRUCHT ERSCHAFFT</small>’, <small>AUSGENOMMEN DER</small> W<small>EIN, DENN ÜBER DEN</small> W<small>EIN SPRECHE MAN</small> ‘D<small>ER DIE</small> R<small>EBENFRUCHT ERSCHAFFT</small>’. Ü<small>BER</small> B<small>ODENFRÜCHTE SPRECHE MAN</small> ‘D<small>ER DIE</small> B<small>ODENFRUCHT ERSCHAFFT</small>’, <small>AUSGENOMMEN DAS</small> B<small>ROT, DENN ÜBER DAS</small> B<small>ROT SPRECHE MAN</small> ‘D<small>ER</small> B<small>ROT AUS DER</small> E<small>RDE HERVORBRINGT</small>’. Ü<small>BER</small> K<small>RÄUTER SPRECHE MAN</small> ‘D<small>ER DIE</small> B<small>ODENFRUCHT ERSCHAFFT</small>’; R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT</small>, <small>MAN SPRECHE</small> ‘D<small>ER ALLERLEI</small> G<small>RASARTEN ERSCHAFFT</small>’.",
|
64 |
+
"<b>H</b><small>AT JEMAND ÜBER</small> B<small>AUMFRÜCHTE</small> ‘D<small>ER DIE</small> B<small>ODENFRUCHT ERSCHAFFT</small>’ <small>GESPROCHEN, SO HAT ER SEINER</small> P<small>FLICHT GENÜGT</small>; <small>WENN ÜBER</small> B<small>ODENFRÜCHTE</small> ‘D<small>ER DIE</small> B<small>AUMFRUCHT ERSCHAFFT</small>’, <small>SO HAT ER SEINER</small> P<small>FLICHT NICHT GENÜGT</small>. B<small>EI ALLEN ABER HAT MAN SEINER</small> P<small>FLICHT GENÜGT, WENN MAN</small> ‘A<small>LLES ENTSTEHT DURCH SEIN</small> W<small>ORT</small>’ <small>GESPROCHEN HAT</small>.",
|
65 |
+
"<b>Ü</b><small>BER DAS, WAS NICHT AUS DER</small> E<small>RDE WÄCHST, SPRECHE MAN</small> ‘A<small>LLES ENTSTEHT DURCH SEIN</small> W<small>ORT</small>’. Ü<small>BER DEN</small> E<small>SSIG, ÜBER</small> A<small>BGEFALLENES UND ÜBER</small> H<small>EUSCHRECKEN SPRECHE MAN</small> ‘A<small>LLES ENTSTEHT DURCH SEIN</small> W<small>ORT</small>’. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, ÜBER ALLES, WAS EINE</small> A<small>RT</small> F<small>LUCH</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Was bei den genannten Dingen der Fall ist; Essig entsteht durch das Sauerwerden des Weines, ebenso sind Fallobst und Heuschrecken ein Fluch.</i> <small>IST, SPRECHE MAN KEINEN</small> S<small>EGEN</small>.",
|
66 |
+
"W<small>ER MEHRERE</small> A<small>RTEN VOR SICH HAT, SPRECHE, WIE</small> R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, WENN DARUNTER EINE VON DEN SIEBEN</small> A<small>RTEN IST, DEN</small> S<small>EGEN ÜBER DIESE</small>; <small>DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, ER SPRECHE DEN</small> S<small>EGEN, ÜBER WELCHE ER WILL</small>.",
|
67 |
+
"<b>H</b><small>AT MAN DEN</small> S<small>EGEN ÜBER DEN</small> W<small>EIN VOR DER</small> M<small>AHLZEIT GESPROCHEN, SO ENTHEBT ER DEN</small> W<small>EIN NACH DER</small> M<small>AHLZEIT</small>. H<small>AT MAN DEN</small> S<small>EGEN ÜBER DEN</small> Z<small>UBISS VOR DER</small> M<small>AHLZEIT GESPROCHEN, SO ENTHEBT ER DEN</small> Z<small>UBISS NACH DER</small> M<small>AHLZEIT</small>. H<small>AT MAN DEN</small> S<small>EGEN ÜBER DAS</small> B<small>ROT GESPROCHEN, SO ENTHEBT ER DEN</small> Z<small>UBISS, WENN ÜBER DEN</small> Z<small>UBISS, SO ENTHEBT ER DAS</small> B<small>ROT NICHT</small>; <small>DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, AUCH NICHT DIE</small> T<small>OPFSPEISE</small>.",
|
68 |
+
"S<small>ASSEN SIE</small> <small>BEI</small> T<small>ISCH</small>, <small>SO SPRECHE JEDER DEN</small> S<small>EGEN FÜR SICH, LEHNTEN SIE, SO SPRECHE EINER DEN</small> S<small>EGEN FÜR ALLE</small>. W<small>IRD IHNEN</small> W<small>EIN WÄHREND DER</small> M<small>AHLZEIT VORGESETZT, SO SPRECHE JEDER DEN</small> S<small>EGEN FÜR SICH, WENN NACH DER</small> M<small>AHLZEIT, SO SPRECHE EINER FÜR ALLE</small>. D<small>ERSELBE SPRECHE AUCH ÜBER DAS</small> R<small>ÄUCHERWERK, OBGLEICH MAN DAS</small> R<small>ÄUCHERWERK</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das nach der Mahlzeit herumgereicht wurde.</i> <small>ERST NACH DER</small> M<small>AHLZEIT ZU BRINGEN PFLEGT</small>.",
|
69 |
+
"<b>S</b><small>ETZT MAN EINEM ZUERST</small> E<small>INGESALZENES UND</small> B<small>ROT DAZU VOR, SO SPRECHE ER DEN</small> S<small>EGEN ÜBER DAS</small> E<small>INGESALZENE UND ER ENTHEBT DAS</small> B<small>ROT, DENN DAS</small> B<small>ROT IST EINE</small> Z<small>UKOST</small>. D<small>IE</small> R<small>EGEL HIERBEI IST</small>: <small>BEI EINER</small> H<small>AUPTSPEISE MIT</small> Z<small>UKOST SPRECHE MAN DEN</small> S<small>EGEN ÜBER DIE</small> H<small>AUPTSPEISE, UND ER ENTHEBT DIE</small> Z<small>UKOST</small>.",
|
70 |
+
"<b>H</b><small>AT JEMAND</small> W<small>EINTRAUBEN</small>, F<small>EIGEN UND</small> G<small>RANATÄPFEL GEGESSEN, SO SPRECHE ER NACHHER DIE DREI</small> S<small>EGENSSPRÜCHE</small> – <small>SO</small> R. G<small>AMLIÉL</small>; <small>DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, DEN AUS DEN DREI GEZOGENEN</small> S<small>EGENSSPRUCH</small>; R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGT, SELBST WENN JEMAND GEKOCHTE</small> K<small>RÄUTER GEGESSEN HAT, DIES ABER SEINE</small> M<small>AHLZEIT IST, SPRECHE ER DIE DREI</small> S<small>EGENSSPRÜCHE</small>. W<small>ER DES</small> D<small>URSTES WEGEN</small> W<small>ASSER TRINKT, SPRECHE</small> <small>DEN</small> S<small>EGEN</small> ‘A<small>LLES ENTSTEHT DURCH SEIN</small> W<small>ORT</small>’; R. T<small>RYPHON SAGT</small>: ‘D<small>ER VIELE</small> S<small>EELEN UND IHRE</small> B<small>EDÜRFNISSE ERSCHAFFT</small>’."
|
71 |
+
],
|
72 |
+
[
|
73 |
+
"<b>W</b>ENN <small>DREI ZUSAMMEN GESPEIST HABEN, SO MÜSSEN SIE DEN</small> T<small>ISCHSEGEN GEMEINSAM SPRECHEN</small>. W<small>ER</small> D<small>EMAJ, ODER DEN ERSTEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN, VON DEM DIE</small> H<small>EBE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Levite, der den Zehnten von den Feldfrüchten erhält, hat hiervon eine Hebe an den Priester zu entrichten.</i> <small>ABGESONDERT WURDE, ODER DEN ZWEITEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN UND</small> H<small>EILIGENGUT, DIE AUSGEWEIHT WURDEN, GEGESSEN HAT, FERNER DER</small> T<small>ISCHDIENER, DER IM</small> Q<small>UANTUM EINER</small> O<small>LIVE GEGESSEN HAT, SOWIE EIN</small> S<small>AMARITANER WERDEN ZUM GEMEINSAMEN</small> T<small>ISCHSEGEN MITGERECHNET</small>. W<small>ER</small> U<small>NVERZEHNTETES, ODER DEN ERSTEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN, VON DEM DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT ABGESONDERT WURDE, ODER DEN ZWEITEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN, UND</small> H<small>EILIGENGUT, DIE NICHT AUSGEWEIHT WURDEN, FERNER DER</small> T<small>ISCHDIENER, DER WENIGER ALS IM</small> Q<small>UANTUM EINER</small> Q<small>LIVE GEGESSEN HAT, SOWIE EIN</small> F<small>REMDLING</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ein Nichtjude.</i> <small>WERDEN ZUM GEMEINSAMEN</small> T<small>ISCHSEGEN NICHT MITGERECHNET</small>.",
|
74 |
+
"F<small>RAUEN</small>, S<small>KLAVEN UND</small> M<small>INDERJÄHRIGE WERDEN ZUM GEMEINSAMEN</small> T<small>ISCHSEGEN NICHT MITGERECHNET</small>. W<small>IEVIEL</small> <small>MUSS MAN GEGESSEN HABEN</small>, <small>UM ZUM GEMEINSAMEN</small> T<small>ISCHSEGEN MITGERECHNET ZU WERDEN</small>? – <small>BIS ZUM</small> Q<small>UANTUM EINER</small> O<small>LIVE</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, BIS ZUM</small> Q<small>UANTUM EINES</small> E<small>IES</small>.",
|
75 |
+
"<b>W</b><small>IE LAUTET DIE</small> ‘V<small>ORBEREITUNG</small>’ <small>ZUM GEMEINSAMEN</small> T<small>ISCHSEGEN</small>? S<small>IND ES DREI, SO SPRECHE ER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der den Tischsegen leitet.</i>: W<small>IR WOLLEN PREISEN</small>. W<small>ENN DREI UND ER, SO SPRECHE ER</small>: P<small>REISET</small>. W<small>ENN ZEHN, SO SPRECHE ER</small>: W<small>IR WOLLEN UNSEREN</small> G<small>OTT PREISEN</small>. W<small>ENN ZEHN UND ER, SO SPRECHE ER</small>: P<small>REISET</small>. E<small>INERLEI OB ZEHN ODER ZEHN</small> M<small>YRIADEN</small>. W<small>ENN HUNDERT, SO SPRECHE ER</small>: W<small>IR WOLLEN DEN</small> H<small>ERRN, UNSEREN</small> G<small>OTT, PREISEN</small>. W<small>ENN HUNDERT UND ER, SO SPRECHE ER</small>: P<small>REISET</small>. W<small>ENN TAUSEND, SO SPRECHE ER</small>: W<small>IR WOLLEN DEN</small> H<small>ERRN, UNSEREN</small> G<small>OTT, DEN</small> G<small>OTT JISRAÉLS PREISEN</small>. W<small>ENN TAUSEND UND ER, SO SPRECHE ER</small>: P<small>REISET</small>. W<small>ENN EINE</small> M<small>YRIADE, SO SPRECHE ER</small>: W<small>IR WOLLEN DEN</small> H<small>ERRN, UNSEREN</small> G<small>OTT, DEN</small> G<small>OTT</small> J<small>ISRAÉLS, DEN</small> G<small>OTT DER</small> H<small>EERSCHAREN, DER ÜBER DEN</small> K<small>HERUBIM THRONT, FÜR DIE</small> S<small>PEISE, DIE WIR GEGESSEN HABEN, PREISEN</small>. W<small>ENN EINE</small> M<small>YRIADE UND ER, SO SPRECHE ER</small>: P<small>REISET</small>. W<small>IE ER DIE</small> P<small>REISUNG SPRICHT, SO ANTWORTEN SIE</small>: ‘G<small>EPRIESEN SEI DER</small> H<small>ERR, UNSER</small> G<small>OTT, DER</small> G<small>OTT</small> J<small>ISRAÉLS, DER</small> G<small>OTT DER</small> H<small>EERSCHAREN, DER ÜBER DEN</small> K<small>HERUBIM THRONT, FÜR DIE SPEISE, DIE WIR GEGESSEN HABEN</small>.’ R. J<small>OSE DER</small> G<small>ALILÄER SAGT, ER SPRECHE DIE</small> P<small>REISUNG GEMÄASS DER MENGE DER</small> G<small>ESELLSCHAFT, DENN ES HEISST</small>:<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ps. 68,27.</i> <i>in Gesellschaften preiset Gott, den Herrn, ihr am der Quelle Jisraéls.</i> R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGTE</small>: W<small>IE WIR ES IM</small> B<small>ETHAUSE FINDEN: OB VIEL ODER WENIG, SPRECHE ER STETS</small>: P<small>REISET DEN</small> H<small>ERRN</small>. R. J<small>IŠMA͑ÉL SAGTE</small>: P<small>REISET DEN HERRN, DEN</small> V<small>IELGEPRIESENEN.</small>",
|
76 |
+
"<b>W</b><small>ENN DREI ZUSAMMEN GEGESSEN HABEN, SO DÜRFEN SIE SICH NICHT TRENNEN, EBENSO VIER, EBENSO FÜNF; SECHS BIS ZEHN DÜRFEN SICH TRENNEN, ZEHN ABER DÜRFEN SICH NICHT TRENNEN, BIS SIE ZWANZIG SIND</small>.",
|
77 |
+
"W<small>ENN ZWEI</small> G<small>ESELLSCHAFTEN IN EINEM</small> R<small>AUME SPEISEN, SO VEREINIGEN SIE SICH ZUM</small> G<small>EMEINSAMEN</small> T<small>ISCHSEGEN, FALLS SIE SICH TEILWEISE GEGENSEITIG SEHEN KÖNNEN; WENN ABER NICHT, SO SPRECHEN DIESE DEN GEMEINSAMEN</small> T<small>ISCHSEGEN FÜR SICH, UND JENE SPRECHEN DEN GEMEINSAMEN</small> T<small>ISCHSEGEN FÜR SICH</small>. M<small>AN SPRECHE DEN</small> S<small>EGEN ÜBER DEN WEIN NICHT EHER, ALS BIS MAN</small> W<small>ASSER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Wein wurde nur mit Wasser verdünnt getrunken.</i> <small>HINEINGETAN HAT</small> – <small>SO</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, MAN SPRECHE WOHL</small>."
|
78 |
+
],
|
79 |
+
[
|
80 |
+
"<b>F</b><small>OLGENDE</small> D<small>IFFERENZEN BESTEHEN ZWISCHEN DER</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS UND DER</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS INBETREFF DER</small> M<small>AHLZEIT</small>: D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, MAN SPRECHE ZUERST DEN</small> S<small>EGEN</small> <small>ZUR</small> W<small>EIHE</small> <small>DES</small> T<small>AGES, NACHHER SPRECHE MAN DEN</small> S<small>EGEN ÜBER DEN</small> W<small>EIN; DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, MAN SPRECHE ZUERST DEN</small> S<small>EGEN ÜBER DEN</small> W<small>EIN, NACHHER DEN</small> S<small>EGEN</small> <small>ZUR</small> W<small>EIHE</small> <small>DES</small> T<small>AGES</small>.",
|
81 |
+
"D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, ZUERST WASCHE MAN DIE</small> H<small>ÄNDE, NACHHER SCHENKE MAN DEN</small> B<small>ECHER EIN; DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, ZUERST SCHENKE MAN DEN</small> B<small>ECHER EIN, NACHHER WASCHE MAN DIE HÄNDE</small>.",
|
82 |
+
"D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, MAN TROCKNE DIE</small> H<small>ÄNDE MIT DEM</small> T<small>UCHE AB UND LEGE ES AUF DEN</small> T<small>ISCH; DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, AUF DAS</small> P<small>OLSTER</small>.",
|
83 |
+
"D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, ZUERST FEGE MAN DEN</small> T<small>ISCH</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wörtl. das Zimmer, dh. den Raum, wo man gespeist hat.</i> <small>AB, NACHHER WASCHE MAN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nach dem Essen.</i> <small>DIE</small> H<small>ÄNDE; DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, ZUERST WASCHE MAN DIE</small> H<small>ÄNDE, NACHHER FEGE MAN DEN</small> T<small>ISCH AB</small>.",
|
84 |
+
"D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT</small>: L<small>ICHT</small>, S<small>PEISE</small>, W<small>OHLGERÜCHE</small>, U<small>NTERSCHEIDUNGSSEGEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Reihenfolge der Sprüche am Ausgang des Šabbaths.</i>; <small>DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT</small>: L<small>ICHT</small>, W<small>OHLGERÜCHE</small>, S<small>PEISE</small>, U<small>NTERSCHEIDUNGSSEGEN</small>. D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT</small>, <small>MAN SPRECHE</small> ‘D<small>ASS ER DAS</small> L<small>ICHT DES</small> F<small>EUERS ERSCHAFFEN HAT</small>’; <small>DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT</small>: ‘D<small>ER DIE</small> L<small>ICHTER DES</small> F<small>EUERS ERSCHAFFT’</small>.",
|
85 |
+
"<small>MAN SPRECHE DEN</small> S<small>EGEN NICHT ÜBER</small> L<small>ICHT UND ÜBER</small> W<small>OHLGERÜCHE DER</small> N<small>ICHTJUDEN, NOCH ÜBER</small> L<small>ICHT UND</small> W<small>OHLGERÜCHE VON</small> L<small>EICHEN, NOCH</small> ÜB<small>ER</small> L<small>ICHT UND</small> W<small>OHLGERÜCHE EINES</small> G<small>ÖTZEN; AUCH SPRECHE MAN ÜBER DAS</small> L<small>ICHT DEN</small> S<small>EGEN NIGHT EHER, ALS BIS MAN SEIN</small> L<small>ICHT BENUTZT HAT</small>.",
|
86 |
+
"W<small>ER GESPEIST UND VERGESSENTLICH DEN</small> T<small>ISCHSEGEN NICHT GESPROCHEN HAT, MUSS, WIE DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, NACH SEINEM</small> P<small>LATZE UMKEHREN UND IHN LESEN; DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, ER LESE IHN AM</small> O<small>RTE, WO ER SICH ERINNERT HAT</small>. W<small>IE LANGE MUSS MAN DEN</small> T<small>ISCHSEGEN</small> <small>NACHTRÔGLICH</small> S<small>PRECHEN</small>? B<small>IS DIE</small> S<small>PEISE IM</small> D<small>ARM VERDAUT IST</small>.",
|
87 |
+
"W<small>ENN IHNEN</small> W<small>EIN NACH DER</small> M<small>AHLZEIT VORGESETZT WIRD UND SIE NUR DEN EINEN</small> B<small>ECHER HABEN, SO SPRECHE MAN DEN</small> S<small>EGEN, WIE DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, ZUERST ÜBER DEN</small> W<small>EIN UND NACHHER DEN SEGEN ÜBER DIE</small> M<small>AHLZEIT; DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, MAN SPRECHE ZUERST DENSEGEN ÜBER DIE</small> M<small>AHLZEIT UND NACHHER DEN</small> S<small>EGEN ÜBER DEN</small> W<small>EIN</small>. M<small>AN ANTWORTE</small> A<small>MEN, WENN EIN</small> J<small>ISRAÉLIT EINEN</small> S<small>EGEN SPRICHT, WENN ABER EIN</small> S<small>AMARITANER EINEN</small> S<small>EGEN SPRICHT, ANTWORTE MAN</small> A<small>MEN NUR DANN, WENN MAN DEN GANZEN</small> S<small>EGENSSPRUCH GEHÖRT HAT</small>."
|
88 |
+
],
|
89 |
+
[
|
90 |
+
"<b>W</b><small>ENN JEMAND EINEN</small> O<small>RT SIEHT, AN DEM JISRAÉL</small> W<small>ÜNDER GESCHEHEN SIND, SO SPRECHE ER</small>: ‘G<small>EPRIESEN SEI ER, DER UNSEREN</small> V<small>ÄTERN AN DIESEM</small> O<small>RTE</small> W<small>UNDER ERWIESEN HAT</small>’; <small>WENN EINEN</small> O<small>RT, AN DEM</small> G<small>ÖTZENDIENST AUSGEROTTET WURDE, SO SPRECHE ER</small>: ‘G<small>EPRIESEN SEI ER, DER DEN</small> G<small>ÖTZENDIENST AUS UNSEREM LANDE AUSGEROTTET HAT</small>’.",
|
91 |
+
"Ü<small>BER</small> K<small>OMETEN</small>, B<small>EBEN</small>, D<small>ONNER</small>, O<small>RKANE UND</small> B<small>LITZE SPRECHE MAN</small>: ‘G<small>EPRIESEN SEI ER, DESSEN</small> K<small>RAFT UND DESSEN</small> M<small>ACHT DIE GANZE</small> W<small>ELT VOLL IST’</small>. Ü<small>BER</small> B<small>ERGE</small>, H<small>ÜGEL</small>, M<small>EERE</small>, F<small>LÜSSE UND</small> W<small>ÜSTEN SPRECHE MAN</small>: ‘G<small>EPRIESEN SEI ER, DER DAS</small> S<small>CHÖPFUNGSWERK VOLLBRACHT HAT</small>’. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, WER DAS GROSSE</small> M<small>EER SIEHT, SPRECHE</small>: ‘G<small>EPRIESEN SEI ER, DER DAS GROSSE</small> M<small>EER ERSCHAFFEN HAT</small>’ D<small>IES NUR, WENN ER ES ZEITWEISE SIEHT</small>. ÜB<small>ER DEN</small> R<small>EGEN UND ÜBER GUTE</small> N<small>ACHRICHTEN SPRECHE MAN</small>: ‘G<small>EPRIESEN SEI DER</small> G<small>UTE UND</small> G<small>ÜTIGE</small>’. Ü<small>BER SCHLECHTE</small> N<small>ACHRICHTEN SPRECHE MAN</small>: ‘G<small>EPRIESEN SEI DER</small> R<small>ICHTER DER</small> W<small>AHRHEIT</small>’.",
|
92 |
+
"W<small>ER EIN NEUES</small> H<small>AUS GEBAUT ODER NEUE</small> S<small>ACHEN GEKAUFT HAT, SPRECHE</small>: ‘G<small>EPRIESEN SEI ER, DER UNS LEBEN, BESTEHEN UND ZU DIESER</small> Z<small>EIT HERANREICHEN LIESS</small>’. M<small>AN PREISE FÜR DAS</small> S<small>CHLECHTE, DAS MIT</small> G<small>UTEM VERBUNDEN IST, UND FÜR DAS</small> G<small>UTE, DAS MIT</small> S<small>CHLECHTEM VERBUNDEN IST</small>. F<small>LEHT JEMAND ÜBER</small> G<small>ESCHEHENES, SO IST DIES EIN VERGEBLICHES</small> G<small>EBET</small>. W<small>ENN SEINE</small> F<small>RAU SCHWANGER IST, UND ER SPRICHT</small>: M<small>ÖGE ES</small> G<small>OTT</small> <small>WOHLGEFÄLLIG SEIN, DASS MEINE</small> F<small>RAU EINEN</small> K<small>NABEN GEBÄRE, SO IST DIES EIN VERGEBLICHES</small> G<small>EBET</small>. W<small>ENN ER SICH AUF DER</small> R<small>EISE BEFINDET UND</small> G<small>ESCHREI AUS DER</small> S<small>TADT HÖRT UND SPRICHT</small>: M<small>ÖGE ES</small> G<small>OTT</small> <small>WOHLGEFÄLLIG SEIN, DASS DIES NICHT IN MEINEM</small> H<small>AUSE SEI, SO IST DIES EIN VERGEBLICHES</small> G<small>EBET</small>.",
|
93 |
+
"W<small>ER IN EINE</small> G<small>ROSSSTADT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Eine nichtjüdische, wo die Fremden von der Obrigkeit viel zu leiden hatten.</i> <small>KOMMT, SPRECHE ZWEI</small> G<small>EBETE, EINES BEI SEINEM</small> E<small>INZUGE UND EINES BEI SEINEM</small> A<small>USZUGE; BEN</small> A͑<small>ZAJ SAGT, VIER, ZWEI BEI SEINEM</small> E<small>INZUGE, EINES BEI SEINEM</small> A<small>USZUGE, EINEN</small> D<small>ANK FÜR DAS</small> V<small>ERGANGENE UND EIN</small> G<small>EBET FÜR DAS</small> K<small>OMMENDE</small>.",
|
94 |
+
"D<small>ER</small> M<small>ENSCH MUSS FÜR DAS</small> S<small>CHLECHTE EBENSO PREISEN, WIE ER FÜR DAS</small> G<small>UTE PREIST, DENN ES HEISST</small>: <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dt. 6,5.</i><i>du sollst den Herrn, deinen Gott, lieben, mit deinem ganzen Herzen &c. Mit deinem ganzen Herzen</i>: <small>MIT DEINEN BEIDEN</small> T<small>RIEBEN, MIT DEM GUTEN</small> T<small>RIEB UND MIT DEM BÖSEN</small> T<small>RIEB</small>; <i>mit deiner ganzen Seele:</i> <small>SELBST WENN ER DIR DEINE</small> S<small>EELE NIMMT</small>; <i>mit deinem ganzen Vermögen</i>:<small>MIT DEINER GANZEN</small> H<small>ABE</small>. E<small>INE ANDERE</small> E<small>RKLÄRUNG:</small> <i>mit deinem ganzen Vermögen</i>: <small>DANKE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wegen der Ähnlichkeit der Worte <span dir=\"rtl\">מדה ,מאד</span> u. <span dir=\"rtl\">מודה</span></i> <small>IHM FÜR JEDES</small> M<small>ASS, MIT DEM ER DIR MISST</small>. D<small>ER</small> M<small>ENSCH BENEHME SICH NICHT LEICHTFERTIG VOR DEM</small> O<small>STTORE</small> <small>DES</small> T<small>EMPELS</small>, <small>WEIL ES SICH GENAU GEGENÜBER DEM</small> A<small>LLERHEILIGSTEN BEFINDET</small>. M<small>AN GEHE NICHT AUF DEM</small> T<small>EMPELBERG MIT</small> S<small>TOCK</small>, S<small>CHUHEN</small>, G<small>ELDGÜRTEL UND</small> S<small>TAUB AUF DEN</small> F<small>ÜSSEN</small>. M<small>AN BENUTZE IHN FERNER NICHT ALS</small> D<small>URCHGANG, UND WAS VOM</small> L<small>EICHTEREN AUF DAS</small> S<small>CHWERERE</small> <small>ZU SCHLIESSEN</small>, <small>ZUM</small> A<small>USSPUCKEN</small>. A<small>LLE, DIE IM</small> T<small>EMPEL DEN</small> S<small>EGEN BEENDIGTEN, PFLEGTEN ZU SAGEN</small>: ‘B<small>IS IN DIE EWIGKEIT</small>’; <small>ALS ABER DIE</small> M<small>INÔER AUSARTETEN UND SAGTEN, ES GÄBE NUR EINE</small> W<small>ELT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">עולם</span> Welt, Ewigkeit.</i>, <small>ORDNETEN SIE AN, DASS MAN SAGE</small>: ‘V<small>ON</small> E<small>WIGKEIT ZU</small> E<small>WIGKEIT</small>’. S<small>IE ORDNETEN AUCH AN, DASS MAN SEINEN</small> N<small>ÄCHSTEN MIT DEM</small> G<small>OTTESNAMEN GRÜSSE, WIE ES HEISST:</small> <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Rt. 2,4.</i><i>und siehe, Boa͑z kam aus Beth-Leḥem und sprach zu den Schnittern: Der Herr sei mit euch. Da erwiderten sie: Der Herr segne dich</i>. F<small>ERNER HEISST ES:</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Jud. 12.</i><i>der Herr sei mit dir, tapferer Held</i>. F<small>ERNER HEISST ES</small>: <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Pr. 23,22.</i><i>verachte nicht deine Mutter, daß sie alt geworden ist</i>. F<small>ERNER HEISST ES:</small> <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ps. 119,126.</i><i>da es galt für den Herrn zu wirken, brachen sie deine Lehre</i>. R. N<small>ATHAN SAGTE</small>: S<small>IE BRACHEN DEINE</small> L<small>EHRE, WEIL ES GALT, FÜR DEN</small> H<small>ERRN ZU WIRKEN</small>."
|
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+
]
|
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+
],
|
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+
"sectionNames": [
|
98 |
+
"Chapter",
|
99 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
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+
]
|
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+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein.json
ADDED
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{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Berakhot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "http://www.sefaria.org/shraga-silverstein",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "The Mishna with Obadiah Bartenura by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"license": "CC-BY",
|
8 |
+
"versionNotes": "To enhance the quality of this text, obvious translation errors were corrected in accordance with the Hebrew source",
|
9 |
+
"versionTitleInHebrew": "המשנה עם פירושי רבי עובדיה מברטנורא, רבי שרגא זילברשטיין",
|
10 |
+
"versionNotesInHebrew": "כדי לשפר את איכות הטקסט הזה, שונו שגיאות תרגום ברורות בהתאם למקור העברי",
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"actualLanguage": "en",
|
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"languageFamilyName": "english",
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"isBaseText": false,
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"isSource": false,
|
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"direction": "ltr",
|
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"heTitle": "משנה ברכות",
|
17 |
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"categories": [
|
18 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
19 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
20 |
+
],
|
21 |
+
"text": [
|
22 |
+
[
|
23 |
+
"\tFrom which time may the Shema be recited in the evenings? From the time that the Cohanim have gone in to eat their terumah [Cohanim who became unclean and who immersed may not eat terumah until \"their sun has set\"; that is, until the stars have appeared. The reason \"From the time the stars have appeared\" is not stated is that we might thereby be apprised of an incidental learning, viz., if the Cohanim become defiled with the type of uncleanliness where their cleansing entails an offering (such as zav or metzora), the want of this expiatory offering does not prevent them from eating terumah, it being written (Leviticus 22:7): \"And when the sun has set vetaher ('and the day has ended'), he may eat of the holy things\" — the setting of the sun is a prerequisite for his eating terumah, but his expiatory offering is not], until the end of the first watch. [the first third of the night, the night being divided into three watches. From that point on, it is not considered the time of the recital of the Shema of reclining, and it does not satisfy (Deuteronomy 6:7): \"…when you lie down.\" And before the stars come out, too, it is daytime, and not the time of lying down. And those who are beforehand and recite the evening Shema while it is still day, rely in this on R. Yehudah, who says (26a) that the Minchah prayer may be recited until midway through the afternoon, an hour and a quarter before the night. And it is ruled that one may follow R. Yehudah in this regard — that immediately upon the expiration of the time for the Minchah prayer, the time for the recital of the evening Shema begins.] These are the words of R. Eliezer. And the sages say: Until midnight. R. Gamliel says: Until the appearance of the morning star. [For the entire night is considered the time of lying down. And the halachah is in accordance with R. Gamliel, the sages, too, agreeing with him, having said \"Until midnight\" only to keep one far from transgression. However, ab initio, when the time of the recital of Shema of the Mishnah arrives —- that is, when the stars appear — one is forbidden to repast, and, it goes without saying, to sleep, until he recites the Shema and prays.] It once happened that his sons came late from a feast [The sons of R. Gamliel heard that the sages had said: \"Until midnight,\" and this is what they said to him: Do the sages differ from you, saying: \"Until midnight,\" specifically, and not afterwards? (and \"one against many, the halachah is according to the many\"), or do the sages hold with you, but say \"until midnight\" to keep one far from transgression? And he answered: The sages hold with me, and say: \"Until midnight\" to keep one far from transgression; and you are obliged to recite it.], and they said to him: We did not yet recite the Shema. He told them: If the morning star has not yet appeared, it is incumbent upon you to recite it. And not this alone [(This is still R. Gamliel speaking to his sons)] did they say, but wherever the sages say \"until midnight,\" the mitzvah obtains until the appearance of the morning star. The mitzvah of burning the fats [of the offerings] and the pieces [of the daily afternoon burnt-offering — It is a mitzvah to offer up the pieces the entire night, viz. (Leviticus 6:2): \"It is the burnt-offering upon its firewood on the altar all the night until the morning.\"] obtains until the appearance of the morning star. And the mitzvah of eating all of those offerings which must be eaten in one day [such as a thank-offering, a sin-offering, a guilt-offering, and the like, which are eaten a day and a night — the time for eating them is until the appearance of the morning star; and it is that which brings them to the status of nothar (left beyond the designated time and requiring to be burned)], (\"the mitzvah, etc.\") obtains until the appearance of the morning star. If so, why did the sages say: \"Until midnight\"? [in respect to the recital of the Shema and the eating of offerings. But they did not say \"until midnight\" at all in respect to the burning of the fats and the pieces, having mentioned this here only to apprise us that the mitzvah of all things designated for the night obtains the entire night.] To keep one far from transgression. [that he not come to eat them after the appearance of the morning star and incur kareth (\"cutting-off\"); and, similarly, with the recital of the Shema, that he not say \"I still have time\" and miss the designated time].",
|
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+
"\tFrom which time may the Shema be recited in the morning? When it is possible to distinguish between the tcheleth (blue) and the white. [between the strands of tcheleth and the strands of white in the tzitzith. That is, after the shearing of the wool, which is dyed tcheleth, there are places where the dye does not take well and which remain white.] R. Eliezer says: Between tcheleth and leek-green. [The color of tcheleth is close to the green of leeks.] And the time of its recital is until sunrise. R. Yehoshua says: Until the third hour [of the day. Until the end of the third hour, which is one-quarter of the day when the days and the nights are equal. And the time of the recital of the Shema is always until one-quarter of the day, whether the days are long or short. Similarly, in (Chapter 4, Mishnah 1): \"The time of the morning prayer is until the fourth hour of the day,\" the meaning is until one-third of the day, \"the fourth hour\" being mentioned because one-third of the day is four hours long when the days and nights are equal. Whenever the Mishnah mentions \"thus and thus hours of the day,\" it is to be understood along these lines. I understand this to be Rambam's interpretation and I accept it. The rationale for R. Yehoshua's \"Until the third hour of the day\" is that usually the sons of kings do not rise from their beds until the end of the third hour; and the intent of the Torah in \"and when you rise\" is until the time when all men have risen from their beds. And the halachah is in accordance with R. Yehoshua. However, ab initio, one should attempt to synchronize the recital of Shema with sunrise, as the vatikim (\"the early saints\") did.], it being the custom of the sons of kings to rise at the third hour. One who recites it after this time does not forfeit anything thereby [that is, he does not forfeit the blessing before and after; but even though he goes beyond its time, he recites it along with the blessing before and after], as one who reads in the Torah. [Even though he did not recite the Shema in its designated time, he receives reward as one who reads in the Torah.]",
|
25 |
+
"\tBeth Shammai say: In the evening all men recline [on their sides, it being written: \"when you lie down\" — in the manner of lying down] and in the morning they stand, [it being written: \"and when you arise\" — in the manner of rising], as it is written (Deuteronomy 6:7): \"and when you lie down and when you arise.\" And Beth Hillel say: Each man recites it in his own way, [either standing, sitting, reclining, or walking] it being written (Ibid.): \"and in your walking on the way.\" If so, why is it written \"when you lie down and when you arise\"? The time when men lie down, and the time when men arise. R. Tarfon said: \"Once, while on the road, I reclined to recite it in accordance with Beth Shammai, and I came close to being set upon by robbers\" — whereupon they said to him: \"You would have deserved to be killed [(and if you had died, your blood would have been upon your own head)] for having transgressed the words of Beth Hillel.\"",
|
26 |
+
"\tIn the morning he recites two benedictions before it (the Shema) [\"yotzer or\" and \"ahavah\"], and one after it [\"emeth veyatziv\"]; and in the evening he recites two benedictions before it [\"ma'ariv aravim\" and ahavath olam\"] and two after it [\"emeth ve'emunah\" and \"hashkiveinu\"], one long and the other short. [This refers to the two benedictions before it. \"Yotzer or\" is long, opening with \"Baruch\" and closing with \"Baruch,\" as does \"ma'ariv aravim.\" \"Ahavah\" is short, closing with \"Baruch,\" but not opening with \"Baruch.\"] Where the sages prescribe the lengthening of a benediction, it is not permitted to shorten it. Where they prescribe shortening, it is not permitted to lengthen. Where they prescribe closing [with \"Baruch\"], it is not permitted not to close. Where they prescribe not closing [as in the blessings over fruits and over mitzvoth], it is not permitted to close.",
|
27 |
+
"\tThe exodus from Egypt is mentioned at night. [The section of tzitzith is recited in the evening Shema even though the night is not a time for tzitzith, it being written (Numbers 15:39): \"And you shall see it\" — to exclude a night garment; it is recited at night because of the exodus of Egypt which it includes.] R. Elazar b. Azaryah said: \"I am as one who is seventy years old [i.e., I looked old. He was not really old, but his hair turned white on the day he was appointed Nassi, so that he appear old, and qualified for the Nassiate. And on that day, Ben Zoma expounded this verse.] velo zachithi [I did not prevail over the sages. A similar instance (Niddah 38b): \"In this, zichnahu R. Elazar over the rabbis\" — that is, he prevailed over them] that the exodus from Egypt be recited at night, until Ben Zoma expounded it (Deuteronomy 16:3): \"…so that you remember the day that you came out of the land of Egypt all the days of your life\": \"the days of your life\" — the days; \"all the days of your life\" — the nights. And the sages say: \"the days of your life\" — this world; \"all the days of your life\" — to include the days of the Messiah."
|
28 |
+
],
|
29 |
+
[
|
30 |
+
"\tIf one were reading [the section of the Shema] in the Torah and the time for the recital [of the Shema] arrived — if he concentrated, [According to the view that mitzvoth require intent, \"If he concentrated\" is understood as: if he were intent upon fulfilling his obligation; and according to the view that mitzvoth do not require intent it is understood as: if he concentrated upon reciting it with the correct vocalization (as opposed to reciting it for proof-reading purposes, where he does not read the words as they are vocalized, but as they are written in order to discriminate between defective and plene forms, in which instance he does not fulfill his obligation). And we rule that mitzvoth require intent.], he has fulfilled his obligation, and if not, he has not fulfilled his obligation. Between sections [\"Between sections\" is explained later in our Mishnah.] he extends greeting out of honor [He extends greeting to one whose honor warrants it, such as his father, or his teacher, or one superior to him in wisdom], and he returns greeting. [It goes without saying that he returns greeting to them if they greet him first.] And in the middle [of a section], he extends greeting out of fear [i.e., where he is afraid that the other might otherwise kill him. And it goes without saying that he returns greeting to him. But he may not do so out of honor], and he returns greeting. These are the words of R. Meir. R. Yehudah says: In the middle [of a section] he extends greeting out of fear, and returns greeting out of honor [i.e., in deference to one it is incumbent upon him to honor]. Between sections he returns greeting to all men [who greet him. And the halachah is in accordance with R. Yehudah. And wherever it is forbidden to interrupt the recital, it is forbidden to speak in the holy tongue as in any other language.]",
|
31 |
+
"\tThe following constitutes \"between sections\": between the first blessing and the second, between the second and Shema, between Shema and vehaya im shamoa, between vehaya im shamoa and vayomer, between vayomer and emeth veyatziv. R. Yehudah says: It is forbidden to interrupt between vayomer and emeth veyatziv. [For it is written (Jeremiah 10:10): \"And the L-rd G-d is emeth.\" Therefore, it is forbidden to interrupt between ani hashem elokeichem and emeth. And this is the halachah.] R. Yehoshua b. Karcha said: Why was Shema placed before vehaya im shamoa? So that one first take upon himself the yoke of the kingdom of Heaven, and thereafter the yoke of mitzvoth. Why was vehaya im shamoa placed before vayomer? For vehaya im shamoa obtains both by day and by night [it being written therein (Deuteronomy 11:19): \"And you shall teach them to your sons\"; and the mitzvah of Torah study obtains both by day and by night.], whereas vayomer obtains only by day. [For it contains the section of the mitzvah of tzitzith, which does not obtain at night, it being written (Numbers 15:39): \"And you shall see it.\"]",
|
32 |
+
"\tOne who recites the Shema without causing himself to hear it fulfills the obligation. R. Yossi says: He does not fulfill the obligation. [For it is written (Deuteronomy 6:4): \"Hear\" — Let your ear hear what your mouth utters. And the first tanna holds: \"Hear\" — in any language that you are accustomed to hear. And the halachah is according to the first tanna.] If he recited it without being precise with its letters [to enunciate them clearly, in an instance of two words where the second word begins with the same letter with which the first letter ends, as in \"al levavcha,\" \"esev besadecha,\" \"va'avadetem meherah.\" If he does not leave space between them to separate them, it sounds as if he is pronouncing two letters as one.] — R. Yossi says: He has fulfilled his obligation. [And the halachah is according to R. Yossi. However, ab initio, he must enunciate the letters. Likewise, he must take care not to rest the mobile sheva and not to move the quiescent, and not to weaken (by pronouncing without a dagesh) a strong form and not to strengthen a weak one. And he must accentuate the zayin of \"tizkeru,\" so that it does not sound like \"tiskeru,\" that is, \"so that you amass reward.\" For it is not fitting to serve the Master for the sake of reward.] R. Yehudah says: He has not fulfilled his obligation. If one recites it in inverted order [If he recites the third verse before the second, the second before the first, and the like], he has not fulfilled his obligation [it being written (Deuteronomy 6:6): \"and these words shall be\" — they shall remain in their original form, i.e., as they are ordered in the Torah. However, if he advances the section, reciting vayomer before vehaya im shamoa, and vehaya im shamoa before Shema, it would seem that this is not considered \"inverted,\" and he fulfills his obligation; for they are not thus arranged, one after the other, in the Torah.] If he recited it and erred, he returns to the point of the error. [If he erred between one section and another, not knowing with which section he left off and to the beginning of which section he should return, he returns to the first verse, vehaya im shamoa. (Rambam says: Veahavta eth Hashem.) And if he stopped in the middle of a section, knowing which section, but not knowing where in that section he left off, he returns to the beginning of that section. If he recited \"uchethavtam,\" but did not know whether it were that of Shema or that of vehaya im shamoa, he returns to the \"uchethavtam\" of Shema. And if he were in doubt after he began leman yirbu, he does not return, for he can rely on \"the habit of his tongue.\"]",
|
33 |
+
"\tLaborers may recite the Shema on the top of a tree or on top of a nidbach [a stone ledge, as in (Ezra 6:4): \"nidbachin di even g'lal\" (\"rows of heavy stones\"). Though they are apprehensive of falling and cannot concentrate, the sages did not require them to descend; for only the first verse of the Shema requires concentration], something they are not permitted to do for tefillah (Shemoneh Esreh) [for prayer is the imploration of mercy, and it requires concentration, so that they must descend to pray.]",
|
34 |
+
"\tA bridegroom is exempt from the recital of the Shema the first night, until motzai Shabbath if he had not performed the act. [A bridegroom who married a virgin is exempt from the recital of the Shema the first night, being preoccupied lest he not find her to be a virgin. And I have heard that (his preoccupation is) the fear that he might become kruth shafchah (mutilated) through intercourse, this being \"preoccupation of a mitzvah.\" And Scripture states (Deuteronomy 6:7): \"and in your walking upon the way\" — It is in your (mundane) \"walking\" that you are obliged to recite it, but not in that entailed by a mitzvah. \"if he had not performed the act\": if he had not had intercourse until motzai Shabbath, his \"preoccupation\" lasting four nights [from the customary day (Wednesday) of the wedding for a virgin]. After that time, he is \"familiar\" with her and no longer preoccupied, so that even if he had not yet performed the act, he must recite the Shema.] It happened that R. Gamliel recited the Shema on his wedding night, at which his disciples said to him: \"Did our master not teach us that a bridegroom is exempt from the Shema?\" He answered: \"I will not heed you to divest myself of the yoke of the kingdom of Heaven for even a short while!\"",
|
35 |
+
"\tAnd he bathed the first night after the death of his wife, at which his disciples said to him: \"Did our master not teach us that a mourner may not bathe?\" He answered: \"I am not like most men; I am istanis.\" [cold and prone to catch cold (from \"tzinah\" - \"cold\"). He would suffer if he did not bathe, and only bathing for pleasure is forbidden a mourner.]",
|
36 |
+
"\tAnd when Tevi, his bondsman, died, he accepted condolences for him, at which his disciples said to him: \"Did our master not teach us that it is forbidden to accept condolences for bondsmen?\" He answered: \"Tevi, my bondsman, was not like other bondsmen; he was a man of integrity.\"",
|
37 |
+
"\tA bridegroom who desires to recite the Shema on his wedding night may do so. R. Shimon b. Gamliel said: \"Not all who wish to take the Name may do so.\" [If he is not recognized as a sage and a porush (saintly) in other matters, this is nothing but pride, pluming oneself on exemplary powers of concentration. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel. We find some of our rabbis saying that today all men should recite the Shema on their wedding night. For since in these generations we do not recite it with much concentration on all the other days, if a bridegroom did not recite the Shema on his wedding night, he would seem even more haughty, giving the impression that he concentrated at all other times except this, being preoccupied with the mitzvah.]"
|
38 |
+
],
|
39 |
+
[
|
40 |
+
"\tOne whose dead one [(one of his kin that he is obliged to mourn, whom it is incumbent upon him to bury)] is lying before him, is exempt from the recital of the Shema [being preoccupied with a mitzvah], from tefillah, and from tefillin. As to the litter bearers, their replacements, [it being the practice to alternate, all wishing to partake in the mitzvah], and the latter's replacements, those before the litter [those set to carry it when it reaches them], and those behind it [that is, both those before it and those behind it] — those whose services are required [for carrying the litter], are exempt; and those whose services are not required [such as those who go only to accompany the deceased to honor him] are obligated. And both are exempt from tefillah, [it not being Scripturally mandated as is the recital of the Shema. And some say because it requires a greater measure of concentration.]",
|
41 |
+
"\tOnce they bury the dead and return — if they can begin and finish [one section of the Shema] before they arrive at the file [They would make files of mourners to comfort him upon returning from the grave.], they should begin; and if not, [If the distance from the grave to the place where they made the file was short, so that there was no time to being and finish before arriving at the file], they should not begin. Those who stand in the file — the inner ones [(who see the mourners)] are exempt; the outer ones are obligated.",
|
42 |
+
"\tWomen, bondsmen, and minors are exempt from the Shema and from tefillin. [Even though the Shema is a time-oriented positive commandment (mitzvath aseh shehazman grama), a class of mitzvah from which women are exempt, we would think that it is, nonetheless, binding upon them because it contains the acceptance of the kingdom of Heaven — for which reason we must be apprised otherwise. And the mitzvah of tefillin is a time-oriented positive commandment, for it does not obtain at night and on the Sabbath; but we would think that since it is likened to mezuzah, it is binding upon women. We must, therefore, be apprised otherwise. \"Minors\": A father is not obligated to train in the recital of the Shema even a minor who had arrived at the age of training; for the son is not always to be found with his father at the time of recital. And a father was not obligated to train a minor in the mitzvah of tefillin, for he cannot be expected to guard himself against expelling air while wearing them.] And tefillah, mezuzah, and the recital of grace are binding upon them. [For tefillah is the imploration of mercy, and a rabbinical ordinance; and it was instituted for women, too, and for the training of minors. \"Mezuzah\": We might think, since mezuzah is likened to Torah study, that just as women are exempt from Torah study, it being written (Deuteronomy 11:9): \"And you shall teach them to your sons\" — and not to your daughters, they should, likewise, be exempt from mezuzah, even though it is not a time-oriented positive commandment; we are, therefore, apprised otherwise. \"The recital of grace\": It is open to question whether the recital of grace is Scripturally binding upon women, it being written (Deuteronomy 8:10): \"And you shall eat, and you shall be sated, and you shall bless\" — so that it is a non time-oriented positive commandment — or whether it is not Scripturally binding upon women, it being written (Ibid.): \"for the good land which He has given you\"; and the land was not given to females. The question was not resolved.]",
|
43 |
+
"\tOne who had a seminal discharge [(Ezra instituted that one who had experienced a seminal discharge, whether inadvertently or wittingly, should not read in the Torah until he had immersed himself — not because of cleanliness or uncleanliness, for words of Torah are not susceptible of uncleanliness — but so that Torah scholars not be always \"found with their wives like roosters.\")] meditates [upon the Shema in his heart [when the time for its recital arrives], and he does not make the blessing before or after it [even by way of meditation. Since the blessings are not Scripturally mandated, the rabbis did not require them.] And for bread, he makes the concluding blessing [this being Scripturally mandated], but not the preliminary one [this not being Scripturally mandated. And it has already been ruled, with none demurring, that the immersion requirement has been rescinded and that those who had experienced a seminal discharge recite the Shema in the usual manner and study Torah and pray, and recite all of the blessings.] R. Yehudah says: He makes both the preliminary and the concluding blessing.",
|
44 |
+
"\tIf in the middle of tefillah (shemoneh esreh) he remembered that he had experienced a seminal discharge, he should not break off [his prayer entirely], but he should shorten [each blessing]. If he had gone down to immerse himself — if he can come up, cover himself, and recite the Shema before sunrise, he should do so. [For the vatikin (the exceptionally pious) are exacting with themselves to conclude it at sunrise, it being written (Psalms 72:5): \"They shall fear You with the sun.\"] And if not, he should cover himself with the water and recite it. [And only in clouded water, where his nakedness is not exposed, but not in clear water.] But he should not cover himself with bad [i.e., foul] water, or with steeping water [water in which flax is steeped], until he dilutes it. [There is something missing here. It is to be understood thus: \"And he should not recite it near urine until he has diluted it.\" The amount of water for diluting a single urinal discharge is a revi'ith.] And how far should one remove himself from it [from undiluted urine] and from feces\" Four ells. [And only when it is to the side of him or behind him; but if it is in front of him, he must remove himself until it is out of sight.]",
|
45 |
+
"\tA zav (one suffering from a genital flow) who discharged semen, a niddah who emitted semen, and a woman who had intercourse and became a niddah must undergo ritual immersion. [A zav who discharged semen: Though he is unclean seven days because of zav uncleanliness, and this immersion does not render him clean, still, he must undergo this immersion for words of Torah because of the semen discharge, as instituted by Ezra. Likewise, a niddah who wishes to pray and emits semen (from a prior intercourse) is regarded as one discharging semen. And such an emission of semen renders a woman unclean for three days after intercourse. After that time it putrefies in her body and is no longer viable. And it is to be understood thus: \"A niddah who emitted, now, semen from an intercourse prior to her becoming a niddah, and a woman who had intercourse — one who, after intercourse, became a niddah — must undergo ritual immersion.] And R. Yehudah does not require it. [R. Yehudah does not require it even in the instance of a woman who after intercourse became a niddah, even though ab initio she must undergo ritual immersion and it can be contended that the immersion obligation does not leave her. And we have already written above that this immersion ordinance was rescinded, being \"an ordinance by which the majority of the congregation cannot abide.\"]"
|
46 |
+
],
|
47 |
+
[
|
48 |
+
"\tThe morning prayer may be recited until midday. R. Yehudah says: Until the fourth hour. [For, according to the Rabbis, the daily burnt-offering may be sacrificed until midday; and, according to R. Yehudah, until the fourth hour of the day. \"Until the fourth hour\" is until the end of the fourth hour, a third of the day when the day is twelve hours long. And its time is always until the end of a third of the day according to the relative length or shortness of the day, as stated above in respect to the Shema. And the halachah is according to R. Yehudah.] The afternoon prayer may be recited until the evening [i.e., until it gets dark.] R. Yehudah says: Until midway through the day (plag haminchah). [The time of minchah ketanah (\"the small minchah\") is from nine and a half hours until nightfall — two and a half hours — so that plag haminchah, which is half of that, is an hour and a quarter (before nightfall). The ruling in this regard is that one may follow either practice. If he wishes to follow the sages and to recite the afternoon prayer until the evening, he may do so, so long as he does not recite the evening prayer at that time. For since he considers it day as far as the minchah prayer is concerned, he cannot consider it evening for purposes of the evening prayer. And if he wishes to follow R. Yehudah, to recite the afternoon prayer only until the plag haminchah, an hour and a quarter before nightfall, he may do so; and from that time on, he may recite the evening prayer.] The evening prayer has no fixed time. [Its time is the entire night. It is taught: \"it has no fixed time,\" rather than: \"its time is the entire night,\" for the evening prayer is optional, corresponding, as it does, to the time of the consumption of the limbs and fat-pieces — the entire night. And the latter is optional; for once the blood has been sprinkled, the offering is accepted, even if the limbs and fat-pieces become unclean or are lost. Today, however, it (the evening prayer) has been accepted as binding.] And the mussaf (\"additional\") prayer may be recited the entire day. [If he delayed reciting it until after the seventh hour he fulfills the obligation, but he is called \"an offender.\" And this is the halachah.] R. Yehudah says: Until the seventh hour.",
|
49 |
+
"\tR. Nechuniah b. Hakannah would recite a short prayer upon entering the house of study and upon leaving it. When asked: \"What is the place [i.e., the nature] of this prayer?\" he replied: \"Upon entering I pray that no mischance occur because of me\" [that I not create a stumbling-block, as explained in the baraitha: \"that I not err in a halachah and my friends rejoice (in my discomfiture)\" — whereby I become the cause of evil, my friends being punished because of me]; \"and upon leaving, I give thanks for my portion.\" [I thank Him for the good that He bestowed upon me in placing my portion among those who sit in the house of study. These two prayers, upon entering the house of study and upon leaving it, are binding upon all men. For thus is it stated in the baraitha: \"Upon entering what does he say?\" and \"Upon leaving what does he say?\", the implication being that he must say them.]",
|
50 |
+
"\tR. Gamliel says: One recites eighteen blessings (shemoneh esreh) every day. R. Yehoshua says: What is akin to eighteen blessings. [In the gemara, some explain that he recites each of the middle blessings in short and concludes with the blessing for each one; and others, that he says: \"Cause us, O L-rd our G-d, to know Your ways\" (havineinu), which is one blessing epitomizing all of the middle blessings of the shemoneh esreh, and he concludes: \"Blessed are you, O L-rd, who listens to prayer.\"] R. Akiva says: If it (the shemoneh esreh) is \"habitual\" in his mouth, [if he is \"taught\" and fluent in it], he recites shemoneh esreh; if not, he recites what is akin to it. [And the halachah is according to R. Akiva, that if one is not fluent in it, or is hard-pressed, he recites the first three blessings and the last, and \"Havineinu,\" in the middle, Havineinu epitomizing all of the middle blessings (with the exception of the rainy season, when he does not recite Havineinu, it being necessary for him to recite the request for rain in the blessing of the years; and with the exception of the conclusion of Sabbaths and festivals, when he must recite havdalah in chonen hada'ath.]",
|
51 |
+
"\tR. Eliezer says: If one makes his prayer k'va [so that his prayer feels burdensome to him. \"k'va\" — \"It is chok kavua (\"a fixed statute\") for me to pray, and I must 'deliver myself' of it.\"], it is not accounted supplication. R. Yehoshua says: One who walks in a place of danger recites a short prayer. [And what is the short prayer?] He says: \"Help, O L-rd, Your people, the remnant of Israel; bechal parashath haibur [\"even when they go astray (porshim) into transgression\"], let their needs be before You. Blessed are You, O L-rd, who listens to prayer.\" [Let their needs be revealed before You to have mercy upon them. \"parashath\" — as in \"perishah\" (separation). \"haibur\" — of aveirah (transgression). And the halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehoshua, but the prayer one recites in a place of danger is: \"The needs of Your people are many, etc.\" One recites it while walking, and he recites neither the first three nor the last three blessings (of the shemoneh esreh). And when he leaves the place of danger and his mind is at rest, he must recite the tefillah as usual if its time has not passed.]",
|
52 |
+
"\tIf he were riding on an ass, he dismounts (to pray). [The halachah is not in accordance with this anonymous Mishnah; but whether or not he had someone to hold his ass, he does not dismount, for his mind is not settled (enough for prayer) if he must dismount.] And if he cannot dismount, he turns his face [towards Jerusalem, it being written (I Kings 8:48): \"And they shall pray to You towards their land.\"] And if he cannot turn his face, he directs his thoughts to the holy of holies [it being written (Chronicles 6:26): \"And they will pray to this place.\"]",
|
53 |
+
"\tIf he were sitting in a boat, in a wagon, or on an asda [many pieces of wood tied and fastened together, used for sailing on a river. (In Scripture, (II Chronicles 2:15) these are called \"rafsodoth\")], he directs his thoughts to the holy of holies.",
|
54 |
+
"\tR. Elazar b. Azaryah says: The mussaf (\"additional\") prayer is recited only bechever ir [bechavurath ha'ir (\"with a company of the city\"); that is, with a congregation, and not individually.] And the sages say: Bechever ir and not bechever ir [both with a congregation and individually.] R. Yehudah says in his [R. Elazar's] name: Wherever there is a congregation, an individual is exempt from the recitation of the mussaf prayer. [The difference between the first tanna and R. Yehudah — an individual living in a city where there are not ten men. According to the first tanna citing R. Elazar to the effect that it was instituted only with a congregation, this individual is exempt. According to R. Yehudah, an individual is exempt only when he is in a place where there are ten men, in which instance the prayer leader exempts him. The halachah is according to the sages.]"
|
55 |
+
],
|
56 |
+
[
|
57 |
+
"\tOne should not rise to pray except with koved rosh [humility and fear, it being written (Psalms 2:11): \"Serve the L-rd with fear\"; and this \"service\" is prayer.] The early pietists would abide one hour [in the place where they came to pray] before beginning to pray in order to direct their thoughts to the L-rd. Even if the king greets him (while he is praying), he may not answer him. [the king of Israel, specifically; but he does interrupt his prayer for a heathen king, lest he kill him.] And even if a snake is wound around his ankle he may not interrupt his prayer. [a snake, specifically, for in most instances they do not bite; but for a scorpion or an adder, things which certainly bite and kill, he does interrupt it.]",
|
58 |
+
"\tGevuroth geshamim (\"the mightiness of rain\") is mentioned in techiyath hamethim (the resurrection prayer) [Gevuroth geshamim: \"Mashiv haruach,\" which is not an expression of imploration, but of remembrance and praise. It is called \"gevuroth geshamim\" because rain is one of the mighty acts of the Holy One Blessed be He, viz. (Job 9:10): \"He does great things, beyond searching out\"; (Ibid. 5:10): \"He gives rain upon the face of the earth.\"]; and rain is requested [\"veten tal umatar livracha,\" (which is a request)] in birchath hashanim (the blessing of the years). [Because rain is sustenance, they placed the request for rain in the blessing of sustenance.]; and havdalah [at the conclusion of the Sabbath] is recited in chonen hada'ath (\"who bestows knowledge\") [which is the first weekday blessing. And, in the Yerushalmi: \"Why was havdalah placed in chonen hada'ath? For without knowledge there is no havdalah ('discrimination').\" And this is the halachah.] R. Akiva says: It is recited individually as the fourth blessing. R. Eliezer says: It is recited in the thanksgiving benediction.",
|
59 |
+
"\tIf one says: \"To a nest of birds, let Your mercies extend\" [Just as Your mercies extended to birds and You decreed (Deuteronomy 22:6): \"You shall not take the mother-bird together with the young,\" so be compassionate and merciful to us, he is to be silenced. For he makes the mitzvoth of the Holy One Blessed be He functions of mercy, whereas they are nothing else but decrees of the King to his subjects.]; or (if he says): \"For good let Your name be remembered\" [the implication being: We shall acknowledge You for good, but not for evil — but we must bless for the evil as well as for the good.]; or: \"We thank You,\" \"We thank You\" [the impression being given that two divinities are being accepted. (In the Yerushalmi it is explained that this applies to prayer in a congregation, but in the instance of an individual, it is (warranted) supplication)], he is to be silenced. If the prayer leader erred, another should be appointed in his place, and he (the other) should not demur at that time [as one, in general, who is asked to serve as prayer leader, should decline the first request. In this instance, however, he should not decline, for it is demeaning for the prayer to be interrupted that long.] From which point does he begin? From the beginning of the blessing in which the first one erred.",
|
60 |
+
"\tThe prayer leader should not answer Amen after the Cohanim [at the end of each blessing, as the rest of the congregation do] because of teruf (confusion) [lest he become confused and err. For the prayer leader must begin the next blessing and recite it to them word by word, and if he answered Amen, he could not concentrate and return to the prayer quickly enough and begin the next blessing.] And if there is no other Cohein but he (the prayer leader), he should not recite the priestly blessing [lest he not be able to concentrate and return to his prayer to begin \"Sim shalom,\" being distracted by \"awe of the congregation.\"] Ve'im havtachato [that is, if he is confident (batuach) that he will not be distracted by \"awe of the congregation\"], he is permitted to do so.",
|
61 |
+
"\tIf one errs in his prayer, it is a bad sign for him. And if he is a prayer leader, it is a bad sign for those who deputed him, for a man's deputy is as the man himself. They said about R. Chanina b. Dossa that he would pray for the sick, and would say: \"This one will live and this one will die.\" When asked how he knew this, he answered: \"If my prayer is shagur in my mouth [ordered and flowing, and I do not stumble in it], I know that it has been accepted, and if not, I know shehu meturaf\" [that the sick one is meturaf (\"torn away\"), as in (Genesis 44:28): \"Surely, he (Joseph) has been torn ('tarof toraf').\" Another interpretation: It may be understood in the sense of (Berachoth 5b): \"Torfim lo tefilato befanav\" (\"His prayer is 'torn up' in his face\"); that is, the prayer that he prayed for the sick one is torn away and taken from him and is not accepted.]"
|
62 |
+
],
|
63 |
+
[
|
64 |
+
"\tWhat blessing does one make over fruits? On the fruits of the tree he says: \"Who creates the fruit of the tree\" — with the exception of wine [(because of whose distinctiveness, they assigned it a special blessing, as they did with bread)], over which he says: \"Who creates the fruit of the vine.\" On the fruits of the earth he says: \"Who creates the fruit of the earth\" — with the exception of bread, over which he says: \"Who brings forth bread from the earth.\" On vegetables he says: \"Who creates the fruit of the earth.\" R. Yehudah says: \"Who creates varieties of herbiage.\" [For there are among the fruits of the earth grasses and seeds, such as pulse, and R. Yehudah requires a distinctive blessing for each species. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah. As to our learning that one says \"Who creates the fruit of the earth\" for vegetables, this applies to vegetables that are generally eaten raw and are eaten raw, or that are generally cooked and are eaten cooked. But for those which are generally eaten raw and are eaten cooked, or which are generally eaten cooked and are eaten raw, he says only \"shehakol.\" And for vegetables which are eaten either raw or cooked, one says \"Who creates the fruit of the earth\" whether he eats them raw or cooked.]",
|
65 |
+
"\tIf one blessed over fruits of the ilan \"Who creates the fruit of the earth,\" he has fulfilled his obligation. [An ilan is any growth which when a fruit is taken from it, a shoot remains, and that shoot itself produces fruit in the following year. The blessing for all of its fruits is \"Who creates the fruit of the tree.\" But where, when a fruit is taken, no such shoot remains, the blessing for the fruits is \"Who creates the fruit of the earth.\"] And if one blessed over fruits of the earth \"Who creates the fruit of the tree,\" he has not fulfilled his obligation. With all foods, if one said \"Who caused all to be\" (\"shehakol\"), he has fulfilled his obligation [even for bread and wine. But ab initio, one should not eat any food if he does not know the appropriate blessing.]",
|
66 |
+
"\tOver something which does not grow in the ground, one says \"shehakol.\" Over vinegar, novloth [fruits fallen from the tree before they are fully ripe] and govai [ritually clean hoppers], one says \"shehakol.\" Over milk, cheese, and eggs, one says \"shehakol.\" R. Yehudah says: No blessing is made over anything which is \"species of a curse.\" [Novloth and govai come through a curse. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah.]",
|
67 |
+
"\tIf there were before him many species, R. Yehudah says: If any of the seven species [wheat, barley, grape, fig, pomegranate, olive, date] were among them, he blesses upon them (first). [These take precedence, Eretz Yisrael having been graced with them.] The sages say: He blesses on whichever he wishes, [personal taste taking precedence. The halachah is in accordance with the sages.]",
|
68 |
+
"\tIf one blessed on wine before the meal, he exempts (from blessing) the wine after the meal. [This applies to Sabbaths and festivals, when the meal is \"appointed\" over the wine following the meal. But on other days, when such \"appointment\" does not obtain, the wine before the meal does not exempt the wine after. Every \"after the meal\" in our Mishnah means after they have finished with the bread, before reciting grace.] If he blessed over the parpereth before the meal, he exempts the parpereth after the meal. [Parpereth is anything which accompanies the bread, such as meat, eggs, and fish. Sometimes they would bring parperaoth before the meal to whet the appetite, and again, after the meal, after having finished with the bread.] The blessing over the bread exempts the parpereth. The blessing over parpereth does not exempt the bread. Beth Shammai say: It also does not exempt what comes from the pot [such as grits, fruit, green grain, and flour cooked in water, such as pancakes and the like. And there are some who understand the \"parpereth\" of our Mishnah as loaf hardened in a dish, which does not have the appearance of bread, for which the blessing is borei minei mezonoth. This explains the necessity of \"The blessing over the parpereth does not exempt that over the bread\" — even though parpereth, too, is a kind of bread. But it does exempt \"what comes from the pot.\" And Beth Shammai hold that just as the blessing over parpereth does not exempt the bread, so it does not exempt what comes from the pot. The halachah is not in accordance with Beth Shammai.]",
|
69 |
+
"\tIf they sat down to eat [without reclining, a sign that they had not arranged to eat together, for when groups of people had arranged to eat together, they would recline on mats, and eat and drink reclining on their left side], each one blesses for himself, [there being no \"appointed\" meal without reclining. However, if they said: \"Let us go and eat bread in that place,\" even if they did not recline, it is as if they had, and one blesses for all; and they also join together for grace.] If they reclined, one blesses for all. If wine were brought before them during the meal, each one blesses (over the wine) for himself [since their throat is not free, and the recliners are intent not upon the blessing, but upon swallowing what is in their mouths. Or it may be that we are apprehensive of their choking in answering Amen.] And he makes the blessing over the mugmar [The one who makes grace blesses over the mugmar: \"Who creates woods of spices.\" And even though there may be present a person more eminent than he, since he began with one (blessing), he makes the other], even though the mugmar is not brought until after the meal [after grace, so that it is not a requirement of the meal. Still, since he began the latter blessings, he completes them. [\"Mugmar\": After the meal they were wont to bring wood-spices on a coal-pan, to produce an aromatic fragrance.]",
|
70 |
+
"\tIf they brought before him maliach [anything maluach (salted)] in the beginning, and bread with it, he blesses over the maliach and exempts the bread; for the bread is ancillary to it. [One who had a large helping of especially sweet fruits eats something salty afterwards to \"break\" the sweetness in his body. And because he cannot eat the maliach by itself, he eats some bread with it. But the maliach by itself is primary, and the bread is ancillary to it.] This is the rule: In every instance of primary and ancillary, one blesses on the primary and exempts the ancillary.",
|
71 |
+
"\tIf one ate figs, grapes, or pomegranates, he makes three blessings afterwards. These are the words of R. Gamliel. [One makes three blessings after any of the seven varieties, R. Gamliel holding that \"And you shall eat, and you shall be sated, and you shall bless\" (Deuteronomy 8:10) refers not to bread alone, but to all of the seven varieties mentioned above in that section (Ibid. 8). And in this verse, three blessings are intimated: \"And you shall bless\" — \"hazan\"; \"for the land\" — the blessing for the land; \"the good\" — \"who builds Jerusalem,\" viz. (Deuteronomy 3:25): \"this goodly mountain.\"] And the sages say: One blessing, like three [i.e., like three blessings. If he ate grapes, figs, pomegranates, olives, and dates, he blesses \"for the tree, and for the fruit of the tree, and for the good, desirable land, etc.\", and he concludes: \"for the land and for the fruits.\" And in Eretz Yisrael, he concludes: \"for the land and for its fruits.\" And he recites this blessing itself for wine, but begins: \"for the vine and for the fruit of the vine.\" And for all things made from the five types of grain, instead of \"for the tree and for the fruit of the tree,\" he says: \"for the food and for the sustenance,\" and he concludes: \"for the land and for the food.\"] R. Akiva says: Even if he ate shelek [boiled vegetables] and that is his food [i.e., his staple], he recites three blessings afterwards, [for \"And you shall eat and you shall be sated\" applies to anything one eats. And the halachah is in accordance with the sages, that three blessings are recited only for bread. And for the seven varieties, \"one blessing like three,\" and on all other things: \"Borei nefashoth rabboth vechesronan\" (\"He creates many creatures and (supplies) their lacks\"). \"their lacks\" — such as bread and water, without which it is impossible to survive. \"And for all that He created to sustain the spirit of all living things\" — that is, for everything in the world, which, even if it had not been created, the creatures could survive without, and which was created only to provide pleasure and additional good. And because this blessing contains two elements, it is a long blessing, which opens and closes with \"Baruch,\" as stated in Yerushalmi, the closing being: \"Blessed (Baruch) are you, O L-rd, Life of the worlds.\"] If one drinks water to assuage his thirst [specifically] he says \"shehakol nihyeh bidvaro\" (\"All came into being through His word\"). [But if one drinks water to swallow something stuck in his throat and the like, he does not bless.] R. Tarfon says: \"Borei nefashoth rabboth.\" [He recites this before drinking water. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Tarfon; but before drinking water he says \"shehakol,\" and after, \"Borei nefashoth rabboth.\"]"
|
72 |
+
],
|
73 |
+
[
|
74 |
+
"\tThree who ate together chayavin lezamen. [They must \"group\" (lehizdamen) together to bless in the plural: \"Let us bless Him of whose fare we have eaten.\"] A zimun (such a group) is made (even) if one ate: demai, [The fruits of an am ha'aretz (an unlearned person) are called \"demai,\" i.e., \"da mai?\" \"What is this?\" Tithed or untithed? For amei ha'aretz are suspect in respect to tithes. And the sages forbade eating of their fruits until they were tithed. But if one did eat of them without tithing, the blessing (grace) is, nonetheless, recited, and it is not considered \"a mitzvah coming through a transgression\" because most amei ha'aretz do tithe], and ma'aser rishon (the first tithe) whose terumah had been taken, [even though terumah gedolah (\"the great terumah\") had not been taken of it. To wit: a Levite preceded a Cohein and took his ma'aser in the stalks, before the Cohein had taken terumah gedolah. The Cohein was to have taken terumah gedolah, one-fiftieth, first, the Torah calling it \"reshith\" (\"the first\"). It emerges, then, that the terumah gedolah of the Cohein is found in this ma'aser — one fiftieth of it — aside from terumath ma'aser, it being incumbent upon the Levite to separate terumah from his ma'aser. Our Mishnah apprises us that the Levite need not separate terumah gedolah from it, it being written (Numbers 18:26): \"Then you (the Levites) shall separate from it terumah for the L-rd, ma'aser from the ma'aser\" — ma'aser from the ma'aser, and not terumah gedolah and terumath ma'aser of the ma'aser.], and ma'aser sheni (the second tithe) and hekdesh (devoted objects) which were redeemed, [as when he gave the principal, but not the fifth (the owners adding a fifth), the tanna apprising us that the (absence of) the fifth does not stand in the way (of the blessing).], and (a zimun is made with) the waiter who ate an olive-size. [for we would think that since the waiter had no fixed place, but comes and goes, a zimun is not made with him; we are, therefore, apprised otherwise. In all of these instances we are apprised that though they are similar to what is forbidden, they do not constitute \"blessing coming through transgression.\"], and (with) a Cuthite [one of the sect of idolators that the king of Ashur brought from Cutha and from other lands and settled in the cities of Shomron. They became proselytes from fear of the lions which started to devour them, as explained in II Kings (17), and they observed the written Law, being more fastidious than the Jews themselves in the observance of every mitzvah that they kept. They were, therefore, trusted in respect to certain mitzvoth until they were found to have set up an image of a dove on the top of Mount Gerizim, which they served. From that time on they were regarded as absolute idolators in every respect, for which reason today a zimun is not made with a Cuthite.] But a zimun is not made if one ate tevel [Grain from which terumah and ma'aser were not taken is called \"tevel,\" (\"tav lo\" - \"It is not good\"). And not only (it goes without saying) is a zimun not made over what is tevel according to Scripture, but even over what is tevel by rabbinical ordinance, such as grain grown in an unperforated flower pot.], and ma'aser rishon whose terumah had not been taken. [\"Terumah\" here is not terumath ma'aser, for that would be absolute tevel, but the instance referred to is one in which the Levite preceded the Cohein to the pile after it had been finished off and become subject to terumah according to the Torah, and took ma'aser rishon first. One-fiftieth of that is subject to the Cohein's terumah gedolah; and so long as the terumah gedolah has not been separated, even though the terumah of ma'aser has been separated, no zimun is made over it. (If the Levite had preceded the Cohein and taken his ma'aser in the stalks, before the finishing off of the pile, there would be no need of separating terumah gedolah, as explained above).], and ma'aser sheni and hekdesh which had not been redeemed [It need not be stated that (no zimun is made) if they had not been redeemed at all; for this goes without saying. The reference is, rather, to an instance in which it had been redeemed, but not according to the halachah, as when ma'aser sheni is redeemed with fragments of silver or with a coin which has no design on it, Scripture having stated (Deuteronomy 14:25): \"Vetzarta the money\" — money that has a tzura (design on it); and as when hekdesh is redeemed with land instead of with money, Scripture having stated (Leviticus 27:19): \"Then he shall add one-fifth of the money.\"], and (with) the waiter who ate less than an olive-size. [This is a superfluous Mishnah; but since most (of the aforementioned instances) are repeated for a necessary teaching, this, too, is repeated.], and an idolator. [The reference is to a proselyte who underwent circumcision but not ritual immersion, the Mishnah apprising us that as long as he has not undergone ritual immersion he is still an idolator, not being considered a proselyte until he has undergone both circumcision and ritual immersion.]",
|
75 |
+
"\tWomen and minors are not counted in a zimun. [Only minors who do not know to whom they are blessing; but a minor who does know is counted in a zimun. And there are some of our rabbis who say that they said this (\"a minor who does know, etc.\") only in respect to a boy aged thirteen years and one day, who did not yet develop two (pubic) hairs, such a boy being called \"katan poreach\" (see Berachoth 47b); but a younger boy is not counted for a zimun even if he does know to whom he is blessing. And in Yerushalmi they state as halachah that a minor is not counted for a zimun at all, until he becomes an adult (i.e., thirteen) and shows two hairs. Women form a zimun for themselves and bondsmen for themselves, but not together, because of (apprehension of) promiscuity.] What is the (minimum) amount (of food) required for a zimun? An olive-size. [This is the halachah, and not as R. Yehudah says.] R. Yehudah says: An egg-size.",
|
76 |
+
"\tHow does one bless in a zimun? With three, he says: \"Let us bless.\" With three and himself, he says: \"Bless.\" [For there is a zimun without him; and thus with all.] With ten he says: \"Let us bless our G-d.\" (And the same is true for) eleven and eleven myriads. [This first section is as per R. Akiva, who says that we do here (with zimun) as we do in the house of prayer. When the number reaches ten, it makes no difference whether there are many or few beyond that; here, too, there is no difference.] With a hundred, he says: \"Let us bless the L-rd our G-d.\" [This second section is all as per R. Yossi Haglili, who says: \"They bless according to the numerousness of the congregation, it being written (Psalms 68:27): 'In congregations bless G-d.'\" And the halachah is that from three until, but not including, ten, the one reciting the blessing says: \"Let us bless Him of whose fare we have eaten,\" and all respond: \"Blessed be He of whose fare we have eaten and through whose good we live.\" From ten and above, the one reciting the blessing says: \"Let us bless our G-d, of whose fare we have eaten,\" and all respond: \"Blessed be our G-d, of whose fare we have eaten and through whose good we live.\"] With a hundred and himself he says: \"Bless.\" With a thousand he says: \"Let us bless the L-rd our G-d, the G-d of Israel.\" With a thousand and himself he says: \"Bless.\" With ten thousand he says: \"Let us bless the L-rd our G-d, the G-d of Israel, the G-d of hosts, the Dweller among the cherubs, for the fare that we have eaten.\" With ten thousand and himself he says: \"Bless.\" In the manner that he blesses, so the others respond: \"Blessed be the L-rd our G-d, the G-d of Israel, the G-d of hosts, the Dweller among the cherubs, for the fare that we have eaten.\" R. Yossi says: They bless according to the numerousness of the congregation, it being written (Psalms 68:7): 'In congregations bless G-d, the L-rd from the source of Israel.'\" R. Akiva said: (We do with zimun) as we do in the house of prayer. Whether there are many or few, he says: \"Bless the L-rd.\" R. Yishmael says: \"Bless the L-rd, who is blessed.\" [And the halachah is in accordance with R. Yishmael.]",
|
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+
"\tIf three ate together, they are not permitted to separate, [having become subject to the obligation of zimun]. And the same applies to four or five. [Three are not permitted to make the zimun and one to separate, he, too, having become subject to the obligation of zimun.] Six may separate [(three) for zimun in one group and three) in another], until ten; but ten may not separate, [their having become subject to zimun with mentioning of the Name], until there are twenty, [at which time they may separate into two groups (of ten) if they wish].",
|
78 |
+
"\tTwo groups who ate in one house — if some of them see each other, they join for zimun; and if not, each group makes a zimun itself. [And if one waiter serves both groups, though they do not see each other, the waiter joins them.] One may not make the blessing over wine [borei p'ri hagafen] until he dilutes it with water. These are the words of R. Eliezer. [For their wine was very strong and was not fit for drinking until it was diluted. Therefore, (before being diluted) it was not \"changed for the better\" and did not depart from its original blessing, \"borei p'ri ha'etz,\" for grapes. But the halachah is not in accordance with R. Eliezer.] And the sages say: One does make the blessing."
|
79 |
+
],
|
80 |
+
[
|
81 |
+
"\tThese are the differences between Beth Hillel and Beth Shammai in respect to meals. Beth Shammai say: One blesses on the day. [First he makes the kiddush of the day] and then he blesses on the wine [borei p'ri hagafen. For first the day is sanctified and then the wine comes to the table because of the day. And just as the day is first in its advent, so it is first for blessing.] And Beth Hillel say: One blesses on the wine [first] and then he blesses on the day. [And the same holds true for one who makes kiddush over bread, for it is the wine or the bread which effect the kiddush of the day, there being no kiddush in the absence of wine or bread.]",
|
82 |
+
"\tBeth Shammai say: First the hands are washed and then the wine cup is poured. [For if you say that first the wine cup is poured, perhaps drops will fall on the outside of the cup and become tame (ritually unclean) because of his hands. For hands, before they are washed, are of second-order tumah (uncleanliness), and they impart first-order tumah to liquids, which, in turn, render the outside of the cup tame. For liquids which have become tame impart tumah to vessels by rabbinical ordinance. They were lenient in respect to this tumah in that if the outside of a vessel became tame through unclean liquids, neither its inside, nor his hands, nor its rim become tame. And Beth Shammai hold that it is forbidden to make use of a vessel whose outside is tame even though its inside has not become tame — a decree lest drops spurt from within it to the outside of the cup and the drops become tame because of the outside and in turn impart tumah to his hands. And because it is forbidden to use a vessel whose outside is tame, first the hands are washed, and then the wine is poured, so that the drops on the outside not become tame through the hands and render the outside of the cup tame and he use the cup illicitly.] And Beth Hillel say: First the cup is poured and then the hands are washed. [Beth Hillel hold that it is not forbidden to use a vessel whose outside is tame. Therefore, first he pours the cup and drinks it, and then he washes his hands. For if you say that he washes first and then pours the cup, it may be that the outside of the cup is tame, it being permitted to use a vessel whose outside is tame, and it may be that his hands are not thoroughly dried, so that the outside of the vessel imparts tumah to the water on his hands, and that water, having become first-order tumah, in turn makes his hands tame, and he eats with \"sullied\" hands.]",
|
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+
"\tBeth Shammai say: One wipes his hands on a towel [after washing for the meal] and places it on the table. [And he uses the towel throughout the meal to wipe food-grease from his hands. He may not place it on the pillow he sits on — a decree, lest the pillow be of first-order tumah and water from the drying of the hands wet the towel and, on contact with the pillow, become first-order tumah (as is always the case with liquids), and the towel, which he uses constantly in the course of the meal, impart tumah to his hands. But there is no cause for such a decree vis-à-vis a table, it being forbidden to use a table of second-order tumah.] And Beth Hillel say: (He places it) on the pillow. [Beth Hillel hold that it is permitted to use a table of second-order tumah. Therefore, he may not place the towel on the table, lest the water in the towel become tame via the table and, in turn, impart tumah to the food. If he places it on the pillow, however, the only cause for concern is that tumah might be imparted to his hands — Better that his hands become tame (there being no Scriptural basis for such tumah, the Torah not requiring washing of hands for non-consecrated food) than that food become tame, there being Scriptural basis for this, first-order tumah imparting second-order tumah to non-consecrated food.]",
|
84 |
+
"\tBeth Shammai say: the house is swept [The place where they ate is swept of crumbs], and then the hands are washed [for grace. For sometimes the waiter is an am ha'aretz and leaves over olive-size food particles; and if you say that the hands are washed first, food will be spoiled. For the waters of this latter washing will drip upon them and \"sully\" them.] And Beth Hillel say: The hands are washed and then the house is swept. [Beth Hillel hold that it is forbidden to employ a waiter who is an am ha'aretz; and a waiter who is a talmid chacham (a Torah scholar) will not leave over olive-size food particles, but will remove them. And if the water drips upon particles less than the size of an olive, there is no cause for concern. For such particles may be voided to being with. The halachah in this instance is in accordance with Beth Shammai, it being permitted to employ a waiter who is an am ha'aretz.]",
|
85 |
+
"\tBeth Shammai say: [If one were eating on Sabbath afternoon and it got dark, and he had not yet finished his meal and he had enough wine for only one cup] (the order for blessing is:) candle, grace, spices, and havdalah. Beth Hillel say: candle, spices, grace and havdalah. [All agree that havdalah is last, the departure of the (Sabbath) day being delayed, so that it not appear burdensome to him. They differ only in respect to candle and spices, Beth Shammai saying: candle, grace, and then spices; and Beth Hillel saying that candle and spices go together, for blessings that we can make, which do not give the impression of burdensomeness, such as candle and spices, we recite before grace. Beth Shammai say: \"Who created the light of the fire.\" [\"who created,\" in the past; and not \"who creates,\" which implies the future. \"the light of the fire,\" and not \"the lights of the fire,\" there being only one light in the candle.] And Beth Hillel say: \"Who creates\" [the past, too, being implied] \"the lights of the fire\" [many shades being found in the flame: red, white, and greenish.]",
|
86 |
+
"\tOne does not make the blessing over the candle or the spices of idolators [Not over the candle, because it did not \"rest,\" the idolator having worked by its light; and it is forbidden to make a blessing over a candle that did not rest, a transgression having been committed by it. And not over the spices of idolators. The reference is to spices used in a festive gathering of idolators. And this is the intent of the latter part of the Mishnah: \"And not over the candle and not over the spices before idolatry,\" i.e., Why does one not make a blessing over the spices of idolators? For it may be assumed that a festive gathering of idolators is for idolatrous proposes and it is forbidden to make a blessing on spices used for idolatry.] and not over the candle and the spices used for the dead, [the candle (for the dead) being used for honorific purposes, and the spices being used to dispel odor.] And not over the candle and not over the spices before idolatry. One does not bless over the candle until he benefits by it [by its light. Not that he benefit by it, per se, but that he be close enough to benefit by it if he wishes to.]",
|
87 |
+
"\tIf one ate and forgot to say grace, Beth Shammai say: He returns to his place and blesses; and Beth Hillel say: Until the food in his stomach is absorbed. [So long as he is not hungry because of that repast, it is a sign that the food has not yet been absorbed. And it is only in an instance of one's having forgotten, that Beth Hillel says he does not return; but, where his omission is deliberate, all agree that he returns to his place and says grace.]",
|
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+
"\tIf wine were brought to them after the meal, and only that cup were there, Beth Shammai say: He blesses on the wine and then he says grace [for grace does not require a cup]; and Beth Hillel say: He says grace and then blesses on the wine, [Beth Hillel holding that grace requires a cup.] One answers \"Amen\" after a Jew who has made a blessing [even if he did not hear the \"Name,\" but only the end of the blessing; for it may be assumed that the blessing was \"for Heaven\"]; but one does not answer \"Amen\" after a Cuthite who has made a blessing unless he has heard the entire blessing [lest he made the blessing to Mount Gerizim.]"
|
89 |
+
],
|
90 |
+
[
|
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+
"\tIf one sees a place where miracles were performed for Israel [such as the place where Israel crossed the Red Sea, the crossing of the valleys of Arnon, the crossing of the Jordan, the stone on which Moses sat when he waged war with Amalek, and the like] he says: \"Blessed is He who performed miracles for our forefathers in this place.\" [Over a miracle performed for the many, such as the aforementioned, all are required to bless; but over a miracle performed for an individual, as when one sees a place where a miracle was performed for him, he must say: \"Blessed is He who performed a miracle for me in this place.\" And his son and grandson must say: \"Blessed is He who performed a miracle for my fathers in this place.\" All of the blessings of the Mishnah require mentioning of \"the Name\" and \"Kingdom,\" any blessing lacking these not being a blessing.] (If one sees) a place from which idolatry was uprooted, he says: \"Blessed is He who uprooted idolatry from our land.\"",
|
92 |
+
"\tOver zikkim [stars which seem to open the firmament and which dart like an arrow from place to place; or else, a star which seems to have a long tail], and zevaoth [when the earth trembles and rumbles], and lightnings and re'amim [sounds heard in the firmament from clouds pouring water into each other, viz. (Jeremiah 10:13): \"To the sound of His pouring hoards of water in the heavens\"], and over winds [which blow tempestuously and which occur only occasionally], he says: \"Blessed is He whose power and might fill the world.\" [And if he wishes he says: \"Blessed is He who makes the creation,\" all of these being acts of creation, viz. (Psalms 135:7): \"He made lightnings for the rain.\" But over mountains and hills, etc., he says \"Who makes the creation,\" specifically; for he cannot say: \"Whose power and might fill the world,\" these not being seen in all the world, but each in its own place.] Over mountains, hills, seas, rivers, and deserts, he says: \"Blessed is He who makes the creation.\" R. Yehudah says: If he sees the great ocean [Oceanus, which surrounds the world], he says: \"Blessed is He who made the great ocean\" [it being accorded a blessing in itself because of its vastness and significance.] This is so when he sees it upon occasion [after thirty days]. Over rains and good reports, he says: \"Baruch hatov vehametiv\" (\"Blessed is He who is good and does good\") [This is so when he has land in common with another, the implication being: \"who is good (to him) and does good (to others)\"; but if he has no land at all, he says: \"We thank You, O L-rd our G-d, for every drop that You brought down for us, etc.\" And if he has land by himself, he blesses: \"shehecheyanu.\"], and over bad tidings he says: \"Baruch dayan ha'emeth\" (\"Blessed is the true Judge\").",
|
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+
"\tIf he built a new house or bought new vessels, he says \"shehecheyanu\" (\"who kept us in life, etc.\") [Whether or not he has other vessels of the same kind, he says \"shehecheyanu.\"] One blesses over an evil in which good inheres [The gemara explains: as when one's fields are flooded and he loses this year's crop. Though the soil is saturated and the field made more fertile for the years to come, now, however, it is evil, and he blesses \"dayan ha'emeth\"], and over a good in which an evil inheres [as when one finds a lost object. Even though it is evil for him, for if the king hears of it, he will be beaten and tortured and the object taken from him, now, however, it is good, and he blesses \"hatov vehametiv\"]. Crying out over what is past constitutes a vain prayer. [If one prays for what has already taken place, this is a vain prayer, for \"what has been has been\"], as in one's praying: \"May it be Your will that my wife bear a son,\" when she is already pregnant; or, as in one's returning from a journey and hearing wailing within the city, praying: \"May it be Your will that it not be coming from my house.\"",
|
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"\tOne who enters a town utters two prayers, one upon entering and one upon leaving. Ben Azzai says: Four, two upon entering and two upon leaving. [When he is about to enter he says: \"…that You lead me into this town in peace.\" Once he has entered, he says: \"I give You thanks for having led me into this town in peace\" — two upon entering. When he is about to leave, he says: \"…that You lead me from this town in peace.\" Once he has left, he says: \"I give You thanks for having led me from this town in peace.\"] And he gives thanks for the past and cries out for the future. [Why all this? For one must give thanks to his Creator for the good that he has experienced and he must pray for good in the future.]",
|
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"\tOne must bless the L-rd for the ill just as he does for the good. [When he blesses \"dayan ha'emeth\" for the ill, he must do so with joy and with goodness of heart, just as he does when he blesses \"hatov vehametiv' for the good], viz. (Deuteronomy 6:5: \"And you shall love the L-rd your G-d with all your heart and with all your soul, and with all your might.\" \"with all your heart\" — with both of your inclinations, the good and the evil.\" \"and with all your soul\" — even if he takes your soul. \"and with all your might\" — with all your wealth. Another interpretation: \"with all your might [meodecha]\" — For every measure (middah) that He metes out (moded) to you, [whether for good or for ill] thank Him (modeh lo) exceedingly (me'od me'od). One may not deport himself light-headedly opposite the eastern gate (of the Temple) [outside the Temple Mount, in the lower wall at the foot of the Temple to the east], for it is aligned with the holy of holies. [All of the gates were aligned with one another: the eastern gate, the gate of the ezrath nashim, the gate of ezrath Yisrael, the entrance of the Ullam, the sanctuary, and the holy of holies — in the days of the first Temple.] One may not enter the Temple Mount with his staff, his shoe, his punda [a hollow belt where money is kept. Another interpretation: a garment worn on one's flesh to absorb sweat so that it not soil his other garments. It is demeaning for one to go out in that garment alone.], and with the dust on his feet. And he should not make it kapandaria [to go in by that entrance and to come out by the opposite one, thereby shortening the distance. \"kapandaria\" - \"ademakifna dari, a'ol beha,\" i.e., \"Instead of circuiting rows of houses, I shall (shorten my walk and) enter here.\"] And spitting [is forbidden in the Temple Mount] a fortioti [from shoes, viz.: If the wearing of shoes, which is not a demeaning act, is forbidden there, how much more so, spitting, which is a demeaning act!] All (prayer leaders) in the Temple would close blessings with \"from the world\" [The prayer leader says at the end of every blessing: \"Blessed is the L-rd the G-d of Israel from the world until the world, the Bestower of knowledge\"; and so with all. And the answerers say: \"Blessed is the name of the glory of His kingdom forevermore.\" For \"Amen\" is not answered after every blessing in the Temple, it being written (Nechemiah 9:5): \"Arise and bless the L-rd your G-d from the world until the world,\" and, afterwards (Ibid.): \"And they shall bless the name of Your glory.\" That is, they answer: \"Blessed is the name of the glory of His kingdom forevermore.\" And we are apprised here that in the first Temple they said only: \"Blessed is the G-d of Israel from the world,\" and not more. They did not say: \"until the world.\"] When the heretics, [who do not believe in the resurrection] distorted this, [saying: There is no world but this one], they [Ezra and his beth-din] instituted that they say: \"from the world until the world\" [i.e., there are two worlds, this world and the world to come.] And they instituted that one greet his fellow in the name [of the L-rd, this not being regarded as denigrating the honor of the L-rd for the honor of men, \"taking\" the name of the L-rd for their sake]. For it is written (Ruth 2:4): \"And, behold, Boaz came, of Bethlehem, and he said to the harvesters: 'The L-rd be with you,' and they said to him: 'The L-rd bless you,'\" and (Judges 6:12): \"And he (the angel) said to him (Gideon): 'The L-rd be with you, O man of valor!'\" and (Proverbs 23:22): \"Do not scorn ki zakna imecha,\" and (Psalms 119:126): \"It is time to act for the L-rd; they have voided your Torah,\" which R. Nathan expounded: \"They have voided your Torah at a time of acting for the L-rd.\" [If it be contended that Boaz used this blessing of his own volition and that this cannot be taken as a precedent, this is negated by the angel saying to Gideon: \"The L-rd be with you, O man of valor.\" And if it be contended that the angel is not saying this by way of greeting, but apprising him by the L-rd's embassy, that the Shechinah is with him, so that it, too, cannot serve as a precedent — this is countered by: \"Do not scorn ki zakna imecha,\" viz.: Do not scorn Boaz, saying that he acted of his own volition; but learn miziknei umathecha (\"the elders of your people\"). He has authority to reply upon, viz.: \"It is time to act for the L-rd; they have voided your Torah,\" which R. Nathan interpreted, etc., i.e.: Sometimes words of Torah are voided in order to act for the L-rd. — as in the instance of one greeting his fellow (in the name of the L-rd). This, indeed, is the will of the L-rd, viz. (Psalms 34:15): \"Seek peace and pursue it.\" It is permitted to \"void\" Torah and to do something which seems forbidden.]"
|
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|
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json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/William Davidson Edition - English.json
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{
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"language": "en",
|
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"title": "Mishnah Berakhot",
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"versionSource": "https://korenpub.com/collections/the-noe-edition-koren-talmud-bavli-1",
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"versionTitle": "William Davidson Edition - English",
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"versionNotes": "English from The William Davidson digital edition of the <a href='https://www.korenpub.com/koren_en_usd/koren/talmud/koren-talmud-bavli-no.html'>Koren Noé Talmud</a>, with commentary by <a href='/adin-even-israel-steinsaltz'>Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz</a>",
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"Mishnah",
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"Seder Zeraim"
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"The beginning of tractate <i>Berakhot</i>, the first tractate in the first of the six orders of Mishna, opens with a discussion of the recitation of <i>Shema</i>, as the recitation of <i>Shema</i> encompasses an acceptance of the yoke of Heaven and of the mitzvot, and as such, forms the basis for all subsequent teachings. The Mishna opens with the laws regarding the appropriate time to recite <i>Shema</i>: <br><br><b>From when,</b> that is, from what time, does <b>one recite <i>Shema</i> in the evening? From the time when the priests enter to partake of their <i>teruma.</i></b> Until when does the time for the recitation of the evening <i>Shema</i> extend? <b>Until the end of the first watch.</b> The term used in the Torah (Deuteronomy 6:7) to indicate the time for the recitation of the evening <i>Shema</i> is <i>beshokhbekha</i>, when you lie down, which refers to the time in which individuals go to sleep. Therefore, the time for the recitation of <i>Shema</i> is the first portion of the night, when individuals typically prepare for sleep. <b>That is the statement of Rabbi Eliezer.</b> <b>The Rabbis say:</b> The time for the recitation of the evening <i>Shema</i> is <b>until midnight.</b> <b>Rabban Gamliel says:</b> One may recite <i>Shema</i> <b>until dawn,</b> indicating that <i>beshokhbekha</i> is to be understood as a reference to the entire time people sleep in their beds, the whole night. The mishna relates that Rabban Gamliel practiced in accordance with his ruling. There was an <b>incident</b> where Rabban Gamliel’s <b>sons returned</b> very late <b>from a wedding hall. They said to him,</b> as they had been preoccupied with celebrating with the groom and bride: <b>We did not recite <i>Shema.</i> He said to them: If the dawn has not</b> yet <b>arrived, you are obligated to recite</b> <i>Shema</i>. Since Rabban Gamliel’s opinion disagreed with that of the Rabbis, he explained to his sons that the Rabbis actually agree with him, <b>and</b> that it is <b>not only</b> with regard to the <i>halakha</i> of the recitation of <i>Shema</i>, <b>but rather, wherever the Sages say until midnight, the mitzva</b> may be performed <b>until dawn.</b> Rabban Gamliel cites several cases in support of his claim, such as <b>the burning of fats and limbs</b> on the altar. Due to the quantity of offerings each day, the priests were often unable to complete the burning of all of the fats and limbs, so they continued to be burned into the night, as it is written: “This is the law of the burnt offering: The burnt offering shall remain upon the pyre on the altar all night until morning, while the fire on the altar burns it” (Leviticus 6:2). <b>And,</b> with regard to <b>all</b> sacrifices, such as the sin-offerings and the guilt-offerings <b>that are eaten for one day</b> and night; although the Sages state that they may be eaten only until midnight, by Torah law they may be eaten <b>until dawn.</b> This is in accordance with the verse: “On the day on which it is offered must you eat. Do not leave it until the morning” (Leviticus 7:15). <b>If so, why did the Sages say</b> that they may be eaten only <b>until midnight?</b> This is <b>in order to distance a person from transgression,</b> as if one believes that he has until dawn to perform the mitzva, he might be negligent and postpone it until the opportunity to perform the mitzva has passed.",
|
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"<b>From when does one recite <i>Shema</i> in the morning</b>? <b>From</b> when a person <b>can distinguish between sky-blue [<i>tekhelet</i>] and white.</b> <br><b>Rabbi Eliezer says:</b> From when one can distinguish <b>between sky-blue and leek-green.</b> <br><b>And</b> one must <b>finish</b> reciting <i>Shema</i> <b>until</b> the end of the period when you rise, i.e., <b>sunrise,</b> when the sun begins to shine. <br><b>Rabbi Yehoshua says:</b> One may recite the morning <i>Shema</i> <b>until three hours</b> of the day, which this is still considered when you rise, <b>as that is the habit of kings to rise</b> from their sleep <b>at three hours</b> of the day. While there is a set time frame for the recitation of <i>Shema</i>, <b>one who recites</b> <i>Shema</i> <b>from that time onward loses nothing.</b> Although he does not fulfill the mitzva of reciting of <i>Shema</i> at its appointed time, <b>he is</b> nevertheless considered <b>like one who reads the Torah,</b> and is rewarded accordingly.",
|
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"Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel disputed the proper way to recite <i>Shema</i>. <b>Beit Shammai say:</b> One should recite <i>Shema</i> in the manner indicated in the text of <i>Shema</i> itself. Therefore, <b>in the evening every person must recline</b> on his side and recite <i>Shema</i>, in fulfillment of the verse: “When you lie down,” <b>and in the morning he must stand</b> and recite <i>Shema</i>, in fulfillment of the verse: When you rise, <b>as it is stated: “When you lie down, and when you rise.”</b> <b>And Beit Hillel say: Every person recites</b> <i>Shema</i> <b>as he is,</b> and he may do so in whatever position is most comfortable for him, both day and night, <b>as it is stated: “And when you walk along the way,”</b> when one is neither standing nor reclining (<i>Me’iri</i>). <b>If so,</b> according to Beit Hillel, <b>why was it stated: “When you lie down, and when you rise”?</b> This is merely to denote time; <b>at the time when people lie down and the time when people rise.</b> With regard to this <i>halakha</i>, <b>Rabbi Tarfon said:</b> Once, <b>I was coming on the road</b> when I stopped and <b>reclined to recite</b> <i>Shema</i> <b>in accordance with the statement of Beit Shammai.</b> Although Rabbi Tarfon was a disciple of Beit Hillel, he thought that fulfilling the mitzva in accordance with the opinion of Beit Shammai would be a more meticulous fulfillment of the mitzva, acceptable to all opinions. Yet in so doing, <b>I endangered myself due to the highwaymen [<i>listim</i>]</b> who accost travelers. The Sages <b>said to him: You deserved</b> to be in a position where you were <b>liable</b> to pay <b>with your life, as you transgressed the statement of Beit Hillel.</b> This statement will be explained in the Gemara.",
|
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"From the laws of the recitation of <i>Shema</i> itself, the mishna proceeds to discuss the blessings recited in conjunction with <i>Shema</i>. Here, the order is established: <b>In</b> the <b>morning</b> when reciting <i>Shema</i>, <b>one recites two blessings beforehand,</b> the first on the radiant lights and the second the blessing on the love of Torah, <b>and one thereafter,</b> which begins with: True and Firm [<i>emet veyatziv</i>]. <b>And in the evening one recites two blessings beforehand,</b> on the radiant lights and on the love of God, <b>and two thereafter,</b> the blessing of redemption: True and Faithful [<i>emet ve’emuna</i>], and the blessing: Help us lie down. With regard to the blessing: True and Faithful, <b>whether</b> one recites it in its <b>long</b> formula <b>and whether</b> one recites it in its <b>short</b> formula, he fulfills his obligation (<i>Tosafot</i>). However, the general principle is: <b>Where</b> the Sages <b>said</b> to recite <b>a long</b> blessing, <b>one may not shorten it,</b> and so too, wherever they said to recite <b>a short</b> blessing, <b>one may not lengthen it.</b> Where the Sages said that a blessing <b>must conclude</b> with a second blessing at the end, <b>he may not fail to conclude</b> with that blessing. Similarly, if the Sages said that a blessing must <b>not conclude</b> with a second blessing, <b>one may not conclude</b> with a blessing.",
|
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"It is a mitzva by Torah law to mention the exodus from Egypt at night, but some held that this mitzva was, like phylacteries or ritual fringes, fulfilled only during the day and not at night. For this reason it was decided: <b>The exodus from Egypt is mentioned at night,</b> adjacent to the recitation of <i>Shema</i>. <b>Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya said: I am approximately seventy years old, and</b> although I have long held this opinion, <b>I was never privileged</b> to prevail (<i>Me’iri</i>) and prove that there is a biblical obligation to fulfill the accepted custom (Ra’avad) and have <b>the exodus from Egypt mentioned at night, until Ben Zoma interpreted it homiletically</b> and proved it obligatory. Ben Zoma derived it <b>as it is stated: “That you may remember the day you went out of the land of Egypt all the days of your life”</b> (Deuteronomy 16:3). <b>The days of your life,</b> refers to daytime alone; however, the addition of the word all, as it is stated: <b>All the days of your life,</b> comes to add nights as well. <b>And the Rabbis,</b> who posit that there is no biblical obligation to mention the exodus from Egypt at night, explain the word, all, differently and <b>say: The days of your life,</b> refers to the days in <b>this world, all</b> is added <b>to include the days of the Messiah.</b>"
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"The first question discussed in the mishna is the question of intent. <b>One who was reading</b> the sections of <b>the Torah</b> which comprise <i>Shema</i>, <b>and the time for the recitation</b> of the morning or evening <i>Shema</i> <b>arrived, if he focused his heart, he fulfilled</b> his obligation and need not repeat <i>Shema</i> in order to fulfill his obligation. This is true even if he failed to recite the requisite blessings (Rabbeinu Ḥananel). <i>Ab initio</i>, one may not interrupt the recitation of <i>Shema</i>. The <i>tanna’im</i>, however, disagree over how strict one must be in this regard. They distinguish between interruptions between paragraphs and interruptions within each paragraph. <b>At the</b> breaks between <b>paragraphs, one may greet</b> an individual <b>due to the respect</b> that he is obligated to show him, <b>and one may respond</b> to another’s greeting due to respect. <b>And in the middle</b> of each paragraph <b>one may greet</b> an individual <b>due to the fear</b> that the individual may harm him if he fails do so (<i>Me’iri</i>) <b>and one may respond</b> to another’s greeting due to fear. This is the <b>statement of Rabbi Meir.</b> <b>Rabbi Yehuda says:</b> There is a distinction between greeting someone and responding to his greeting. <b>In the middle</b> of each paragraph, one may <b>greet</b> another <b>due to fear and respond due to respect. In the</b> breaks between <b>paragraphs, one may greet</b> another <b>due to respect and respond with a greeting to any person</b> who greets him, whether or not he is obligated to show him respect.",
|
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"As for what constitutes a paragraph, <b>these are</b> the breaks <b>between the paragraphs: Between the first blessing and the second, between the second and <i>Shema</i>, between <i>Shema</i> and</b> the second paragraph: <b>If you indeed heed</b> My commandments <b>[<i>VeHaya im Shamoa</i>], between <i>VeHaya im Shamoa</i> and</b> the third paragraph: <b>And the Lord spoke [<i>VaYomer</i>] and between <i>VaYomer</i> and True and Firm</b> [<b><i>emet veyatziv</i></b>], the blessing that follows <i>Shema</i>. The Rabbis held that each blessing and each paragraph of <i>Shema</i> constitutes its own entity, and treat interruptions between them as between the paragraphs. <b>Rabbi Yehuda,</b> however, <b>says: Between <i>VaYomer</i> and <i>emet veyatziv</i>,</b> which begins the blessing that follows <i>Shema</i>, <b>one may not interrupt</b> at all. According to Rabbi Yehuda, these must be recited consecutively. Since the paragraphs of <i>Shema</i> are not adjacent to one another in the Torah, and they are not recited in the order in which they appear, the mishna explains their placement. <b>Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa said: Why,</b> in the mitzva of the recitation of <i>Shema</i>, <b>did the portion of <i>Shema</i> precede</b> that of <b><i>VeHaya im Shamoa</i>?</b> This is <b>so that one will first accept upon himself the yoke of the kingdom of Heaven,</b> the awareness of God and God’s unity, <b>and only then accept upon himself the yoke of the mitzvot,</b> which appears in the paragraph of <i>VeHaya im Shamoa</i>. Why did <b><i>VeHaya im Shamoa</i></b> precede <b><i>VaYomer</i>?</b> Because the paragraph of <b><i>VeHaya im Shamoa</i> is practiced both by day and by night,</b> while <b><i>VaYomer</i>,</b> which discusses the mitzva of ritual fringes, <b>is only practiced during the day.</b>",
|
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"<b>One who recites <i>Shema</i> and did not</b> recite in a manner <b>audible to his own ear,</b> either because he read inaudibly or because he is deaf, <b>fulfilled</b> his obligation. <b>Rabbi Yosei says: He did not fulfill</b> his obligation. <b>One who recited</b> <i>Shema</i> and <b>was not</b> sufficiently <b>precise in</b> his enunciation of <b>its letters, Rabbi Yosei says: He fulfilled</b> his obligation. <b>Rabbi Yehuda says: He did not fulfill</b> his obligation. <b>One who recited</b> <i>Shema</i> <b>out of order,</b> meaning he did not read the verses sequentially, <b>he did not fulfill</b> his obligation. <b>One who recited and erred, should return to the place</b> in <i>Shema</i> <b>that he erred.</b>",
|
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+
"The primary issue in this mishna is the requisite degree of concentration when reciting <i>Shema</i>. <b>Laborers</b> engaged in their work may <b>recite</b> <i>Shema</i> while standing <b>atop the tree or atop the course of stones</b> in a wall under construction, <b>which they are not permitted to do for</b> the <i>Amida</i> <b>prayer,</b> which requires intent of the heart.",
|
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+
"The mishna continues: <b>A groom is exempt from the recitation of <i>Shema</i> on the first night</b> of his marriage, which was generally Wednesday night, <b>until Saturday night, if he has not taken action</b> and consummated the marriage, as he is preoccupied by concerns related to consummation of the marriage. The mishna relates that <b>there was an incident where Rabban Gamliel married a woman and recited</b> <i>Shema</i> even <b>the first night. His students said to him: Didn’t our teacher teach us that a groom is exempt from the recitation of <i>Shema</i>? He answered them:</b> Nevertheless, <b>I am not listening to you</b> to refrain from reciting <i>Shema</i>, and in so doing <b>preclude myself from</b> the acceptance of <b>the yoke of the Kingdom of Heaven, for even one moment.</b>",
|
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"The mishna relates another episode portraying unusual conduct by Rabban Gamliel. <b>He bathed on the first night after his wife died. His students said to him:</b> Have <b>you</b> not <b>taught us, our teacher, that a mourner is prohibited to bathe?</b> He answered them: <b>I am not like other people, I am delicate [<i>istenis</i>].</b> For me, not bathing causes actual physical distress, and even a mourner need not suffer physical distress as part of his mourning.",
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"Another exceptional incident is related: <b>And when his slave, Tavi, died,</b> Rabban Gamliel <b>accepted condolences for his</b> death as one would for a close family member. <b>His students said to him: Have you</b> not <b>taught us, our teacher, that one does not accept condolences for</b> the death of <b>slaves?</b> Rabban Gamliel said to his students: <b>My slave, Tavi, is not like all the rest of the slaves, he was virtuous</b> and it is appropriate to accord him the same respect accorded to a family member.",
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"With regard to the recitation of <i>Shema</i> on one’s wedding night, the Sages said that <b>if,</b> despite his exemption, <b>a groom wishes to recite <i>Shema</i> on the first night,</b> he may do so. <b>Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Not everyone who wishes to assume the reputation</b> of a God-fearing person <b>may assume</b> it, and consequently, not everyone who wishes to recite <i>Shema</i> on his wedding night may do so."
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],
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[
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40 |
+
"<b>One whose deceased</b> relative <b>is laid out</b> unburied <b>before him is exempt from the recitation of <i>Shema</i>, from</b> the <i>Amida</i> <b>prayer, and from</b> the mitzva to don <b>phylacteries, as well as all</b> positive <b>mitzvot mentioned in the Torah,</b> until the deceased has been buried. With regard to <b>the pallbearers and their replacements and the replacements of their replacements, those</b> located <b>before the bier</b> who have not yet carried the deceased <b>and those</b> located <b>after the bier. Those who are needed</b> to carry <b>the bier are exempt</b> from reciting <i>Shema</i>; <b>while those who are not needed</b> to carry <b>the bier</b>, are <b>obligated</b> to recite <i>Shema</i>. However, both <b>these and those are exempt from</b> reciting the <i>Amida</i> <b>prayer,</b> since they are preoccupied and are unable to focus and pray with the appropriate intent.",
|
41 |
+
"After <b>they buried the deceased and returned, if they</b> have sufficient time to <b>begin</b> to recite <i>Shema</i> <b>and conclude before they arrive at the row,</b> formed by those who attended the burial, through which the bereaved family will pass in order to receive consolation, <b>they should begin. If</b> they do <b>not</b> have sufficient time to conclude reciting the entire <i>Shema</i>, then <b>they should not begin.</b> And <b>those standing in the row, those</b> in the <b>interior</b> row, directly before whom the mourners will pass and who will console them, <b>are exempt</b> from reciting <i>Shema</i>, while <b>those</b> in the <b>exterior</b> row, who stand there only to show their respect, <b>are obligated</b> to recite <i>Shema</i>.",
|
42 |
+
"<b>Women, slaves and minors are exempt from the recitation of <i>Shema</i> and from phylacteries, but are obligated in prayer, <i>mezuza</i> and Grace after Meals.</b>",
|
43 |
+
"Ezra the Scribe decreed that one who is ritually impure because of a seminal emission may not engage in matters of Torah until he has immersed in a ritual bath and purified himself. This <i>halakha</i> was accepted over the course of many generations; however, many disputes arose with regard to the Torah matters to which it applies. Regarding this, the mishna says: If the time for the recitation of <i>Shema</i> arrived and <b>one</b> is impure due to a <b>seminal emission,</b> he may <b>contemplate</b> <i>Shema</i> <b>in his heart, but neither recites the blessings preceding</b> <i>Shema</i>, <b>nor the blessings following it. Over food</b> which, after partaking, one is obligated by Torah law to recite a blessing, <b>one recites a blessing afterward, but one does not recite a blessing beforehand,</b> because the blessing recited prior to eating is a requirement by rabbinic law. <b>And</b> in all of these instances <b>Rabbi Yehuda says: He recites a blessing beforehand and thereafter</b> in both the case of <i>Shema</i> and in the case of food. ",
|
44 |
+
"This mishna contains various statements with regard to individuals with different types of ritual impurity as well as the need to distance oneself from filth and impurity. <b>One who was standing in prayer and he recalled that he experienced a seminal emission,</b> and according to this opinion he is prohibited from praying, should <b>not interrupt</b> his prayer, <b>rather he should abridge</b> each individual blessing. They stated a general principle: <b>One who descended to immerse himself, if he is able to ascend, cover himself</b> with a garment, <b>and recite</b> the morning <i>Shema</i> <b>before sunrise, he should ascend, cover himself, and recite</b> <i>Shema</i>, <b>and if not,</b> he should <b>cover himself in the water and recite</b> <i>Shema</i> there. <b>He may not, however, cover himself in either foul water, or water</b> in which flax was <b>soaked, until he pours</b> other <b>water into it. And</b> in general, <b>how far must one distance</b> himself <b>from</b> urine <b>and feces</b> in order to recite <i>Shema</i>? At least <b>four cubits.</b>",
|
45 |
+
"Continuing the earlier discussion of the <i>halakhot</i> of immersion for Torah study and prayer for one who experienced a seminal emission, the mishna discusses a case where individuals who were already impure with a severe form of ritual impurity are exposed to the impurity of a seminal emission as well. They are required to immerse themselves and purify themselves of the impurity of the seminal emission even though they remain impure due to the more severe impurity. Consequently, even a <b><i>zav</i>,</b> whose impurity lasts at least seven days, <b>who experienced a seminal emission,</b> for which, were he not a <i>zav</i>, he would be impure for only one day; <b>a menstruating woman who discharged semen,</b> despite the fact that she is already impure with a severe impurity unaffected by her immersion; <b>and</b> a woman <b>who engaged in conjugal relations</b> with her husband <b>and</b> later <b>saw menstrual blood,</b> all <b>require immersion. And Rabbi Yehuda exempts</b> them from immersion."
|
46 |
+
],
|
47 |
+
[
|
48 |
+
"This mishna determines the times beyond which the different prayers may not be recited. According to the Rabbis, <b>the morning prayer</b> may be recited <b>until noon. Rabbi Yehuda says:</b> It may be recited only <b>until four hours</b> after sunrise. According to the Rabbis, <b>the afternoon prayer</b> may be recited <b>until the evening. Rabbi Yehuda says:</b> It may be recited only <b>until the midpoint of the afternoon [<i>pelag haminḥa</i>],</b> i.e., the midpoint of the period that begins with the sacrifice of the daily afternoon offering and ends at nightfall, which is the end of the afternoon. <b>The evening prayer</b> may be recited throughout the night and <b>is not fixed</b> to a specific hour. According to the Rabbis, <b>the additional prayer</b> may be recited <b>all day. Rabbi Yehuda says:</b> It may be recited only <b>until seven hours</b> after sunrise.",
|
49 |
+
"In addition to the <i>halakhot</i> relating to the fixed prayers, the Gemara relates: <b>Rabbi Neḥunya ben Hakana would recite a brief prayer upon his entrance into the study hall and upon his exit. They said to him:</b> The study hall is not a dangerous place that would warrant a prayer when entering and exiting, so <b>what room is there for this prayer? He said to them: Upon my entrance, I pray that no mishap will transpire</b> caused <b>by me</b> in the study hall. <b>And upon my exit, I give thanks for my portion.</b>",
|
50 |
+
"The mishna cites a dispute with regard to the obligation to recite the <i>Amida</i> prayer, also known as <i>Shemoneh Esreh</i>, the prayer of eighteen blessings, or simply as <i>tefilla</i>, prayer. <b>Rabban Gamliel says: Each and every day a person recites the</b> prayer of <b>eighteen blessings. Rabbi Yehoshua says:</b> A short prayer is sufficient, and one only recites <b>an abridged</b> version of the prayer of <b>eighteen blessings. Rabbi Akiva says</b> an intermediate opinion: <b>If he is fluent in his prayer, he recites the</b> prayer of <b>eighteen blessings, and if not,</b> he need only recite <b>an abridged</b> version of the prayer of <b>eighteen blessings.</b>",
|
51 |
+
"<b>Rabbi Eliezer says: One whose prayer is fixed, his prayer is not supplication</b> and is flawed. The Gemara will clarify the halakhic implications of this flaw. <b>Rabbi Yehoshua says: One who</b> cannot recite a complete prayer because he <b>is walking in a place of danger, recites a brief prayer and says: Redeem, Lord, Your people, the remnant of Israel, at every transition [<i>parashat ha’ibur</i>],</b> the meaning of which will be discussed in the Gemara. <b>May their needs be before You. Blessed are You, Lord, Who listens to prayer.</b>",
|
52 |
+
"While praying, one must face toward the direction of the Holy Temple. <b>One who was riding on a donkey should dismount and pray</b> calmly. <b>If he is unable to dismount, he should turn his face</b> toward the direction of the Temple. <b>If he is unable to turn his face,</b> it is sufficient that <b>he focus his heart opposite the Holy of Holies.</b> ",
|
53 |
+
"Similarly, <b>one who was traveling in a ship or on a wagon or on a raft [<i>asda</i>]</b> and is unable to turn and face in the direction of Jerusalem, <b>should focus his heart opposite the Holy of Holies.</b>",
|
54 |
+
"<b>Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says: The additional prayer is only</b> recited <b>in a city where there is a quorum of ten [<i>ḥever ir</i>]. The Rabbis say:</b> One may recite the additional prayer <b>with a <i>ḥever ir</i> or without a <i>��ever ir.</i> Rabbi Yehuda says</b> another opinion <b>in his name,</b> the name of Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya: <b>Any place where there is a <i>ḥever ir</i>, an individual is</b> completely <b>exempt from</b> reciting <b>the additional prayer.</b>"
|
55 |
+
],
|
56 |
+
[
|
57 |
+
"<b>One</b> may <b>only stand</b> and begin to pray <b>from</b> an approach of <b>gravity</b> and submission. There is a tradition that <b>the early</b> generations of <b>pious</b> men <b>would wait one hour,</b> in order to reach the solemn frame of mind appropriate for prayer, <b>and</b> then <b>pray, so that they would focus their hearts toward their Father in Heaven.</b> Standing in prayer is standing before God and, as such, <b>even</b> if <b>the king greets him, he should not respond to him; and even if a snake is wrapped on his heel, he should not interrupt</b> his prayer.",
|
58 |
+
"This mishna speaks of additions to the standard formula of the <i>Amida</i> prayer and the blessings in which they are incorporated. <b>One mentions the might of the rains</b> and recites: He makes the wind blow and the rain fall, <b>in</b> the second blessing of the <i>Amida</i> prayer, the blessing of <b>the revival of the dead. And the request</b> for rain: And grant dew and rain as a blessing, <b>in</b> the ninth blessing of the <i>Amida</i> prayer, <b>the blessing of the years. And the prayer of distinction [<i>havdala</i>],</b> between the holy and the profane recited in the evening prayer following Shabbat and festivals, <b>in</b> the fourth blessing of the <i>Amida</i> prayer: <b>Who graciously grants knowledge. Rabbi Akiva says:</b> <i>Havdala</i> <b>is recited</b> as <b>an independent fourth blessing. Rabbi Eliezer says</b> that it is recited <b>in</b> the seventeenth blessing of the <i>Amida</i> prayer, the blessing of <b>thanksgiving.</b>",
|
59 |
+
"Concluding the laws of prayer in this tractate, the mishna raises several prayer-related matters. This mishna speaks of certain innovations in the prayer formula that warrant the silencing of a communal prayer leader who attempts to introduce them in his prayers, as their content tends toward heresy. <b>One who recites</b> in his supplication: Just as <b>Your mercy is extended to a bird’s nest,</b> as You have commanded us to send away the mother before taking her chicks or eggs (Deuteronomy 22:6–7), so too extend Your mercy to us; <b>and</b> one who recites: <b>May Your name be mentioned with the good</b> or one who recites: <b>We give thanks, we give thanks</b> twice, they <b>silence him.</b> This mishna and the next one deal with the communal prayer leader. <b>(If one says: “May the good bless You,” this is a path of heresy.) One who is passing before the ark,</b> as prayer leader, <b>and erred, another should</b> immediately <b>pass in his place, and at that moment,</b> this replacement <b>should not refuse</b> in the interest of courtesy. The <i>Amida</i> prayer was interrupted and he should replace him as quickly as possible. <b>From where does</b> the replacement <b>commence? From the beginning of the blessing in which</b> the former <b>had erred.</b>",
|
60 |
+
"In order to prevent the prayer leader from erring in his prayer, it was said that <b>one who passes before the ark should not respond amen after the</b> blessing of the <b>priests, because of</b> potential <b>confusion.</b> Since the mishna is describing a situation in which he was praying without a prayer book, responding amen would interrupt the order of the prayer and potentially lead him to begin a different blessing. For this reason, even <b>if there is no priest other than</b> the communal prayer leader, <b>he does not lift his hands</b> to bless the people, lest he become confused. <b>And,</b> however, <b>if he is certain that he can lift his hands and resume his prayer</b> without becoming confused, <b>he is permitted</b> to recite the blessing.",
|
61 |
+
"Concluding its discussion of the <i>halakhot</i> of prayer, the mishna discusses less practical aspects of prayer. <b>One who prays and</b> realizes that he <b>erred</b> in his prayer, it is <b>a bad omen for him;</b> it indicates to him that his prayer was not accepted. <b>And if he</b> who erred <b>is the communal prayer leader,</b> it is <b>a bad omen for those who sent him, because a person’s agent</b> has legal status <b>equivalent to his own.</b> On a similar note, <b>they said about Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa that he would pray on</b> behalf of <b>the sick and</b> immediately after his prayer he would <b>say: This</b> one shall recover from his illness and <b>live and this</b> one shall <b>die.</b> When <b>they said to him: From where do you know? He said to them: If my prayer is fluent in my mouth</b> as I recite it and there are no errors, <b>I know that</b> my prayer <b>is accepted. And if not, I know that</b> my prayer <b>is rejected.</b>"
|
62 |
+
],
|
63 |
+
[
|
64 |
+
"This mishna discusses the blessings recited over various foods. <b>How does one recite a blessing over fruits? Over</b> different <b>fruits</b> that grow on a <b>tree one recites: Who creates fruit of the tree, with the exception of wine.</b> Although wine is produced from fruit of the tree, due to its significance, its blessing differs from other fruits of the tree. <b>Over wine one recites: Who creates fruit of the vine. Over fruits</b> that grow from <b>the earth, one recites: Who creates fruit of the ground, with the exception of bread.</b> Bread, too, is significant and its blessing differs from other fruits of the ground, <b>as over bread one recites: Who brings forth bread from the earth. Over</b> herbs and leafy <b>vegetables one recites: Who creates fruit of the ground. Rabbi Yehuda says</b> that there is room to distinguish between fruits that grow from the earth, herbs, and leafy vegetables. Although they are all fruit of the ground, since they have different qualities, the blessing on the latter is: <b>Who creates various kinds of herbs.</b>",
|
65 |
+
"This mishna discusses how, after the fact, a more general blessing exempts one from the obligation to recite a more specific one. <b>One who recited: Who creates fruit of the ground, over fruit of the tree, fulfilled</b> his obligation. One who recited: <b>Who creates fruit of the tree, over fruits of the earth, did not fulfill</b> his obligation. <b>And over all</b> food items, <b>one who recited: By whose word all things came to be, fulfilled</b> his obligation.",
|
66 |
+
"<b>And over</b> a food <b>item whose growth is not from the ground, one recites: By whose word all things came to be.</b> And <b>over vinegar,</b> wine that fermented and spoiled, <b>and over <i>novelot</i>,</b> dates that spoiled, <b>and over locusts, one recites: By whose word all things came to be. So too, <b>over milk, and over cheese, and over eggs, one recites:</b> By whose word <b>all things</b> came to be. Rabbi Yehuda says:</b> Over <b>any</b> food item <b>that is a type</b> resulting from a <b>curse, one does not recite a blessing over it</b> at all. None of the items listed exist under normal conditions, and they come about as the result of a curse.",
|
67 |
+
"On a different note: If there were <b>many types</b> of food <b>before him,</b> over which food should he recite a blessing first? <b>Rabbi Yehuda says: If there is one of the seven species</b> for which Eretz Yisrael was praised <b>among them, he recites</b> the first <b>blessing over it. And the Rabbis say: He recites a blessing over whichever of them he wants.</b>",
|
68 |
+
"This mishna explains those cases and those circumstances in which blessings recited over particular foods exempt other foods at the meal from the requirement to recite a blessing over them. <b>One who recited a blessing over the wine that</b> one drank <b>before the meal,</b> with that blessing <b>he exempted the wine that</b> he drinks <b>after the meal.</b> Similarly, <b>one who recited a blessing over the appetizers that</b> one ate <b>before the meal,</b> with that blessing <b>he exempted the appetizers that</b> he eats <b>after the meal. One who recited a blessing over the bread exempted the appetizers,</b> as they are considered secondary to the bread. However, one who recited a blessing <b>over the appetizers did not exempt the bread. Beit Shammai say:</b> The blessing recited over the appetizers <b>did not exempt even a cooked dish</b> that he eats during the meal.",
|
69 |
+
"An additional <i>halakha</i> is cited: If several people <b>were sitting</b> to eat not in the framework of a joint meal, <b>each recites a blessing for himself. If they were reclined</b> on divans to eat, which renders it a joint meal, <b>one recites a blessing on behalf of them all.</b> Additionally: If <b>wine came before them during the meal, each and every</b> diner <b>recites a blessing</b> over the wine <b>for himself.</b> If the wine came <b>after the meal, one recites a blessing on behalf of them all. And he,</b> who recited the blessing over the wine, also <b>says</b> the blessing <b>over the incense</b> [<b><i>mugmar</i></b>], <b>although they only bring the incense</b> to the diners <b>after the meal.</b>",
|
70 |
+
"If <b>they brought salted</b> food <b>before him</b> to eat <b>first and bread with it, he recites a blessing over the salted</b> food <b>and</b> thereby <b>exempts the bread, because</b> the salted food is primary while <b>the bread is secondary to it. This is the principle: Any</b> food <b>that is primary and a secondary</b> food <b>is with it, one recites a blessing over the primary and,</b> in so doing, <b>exempts the secondary</b> from its own blessing.",
|
71 |
+
"<b>One who ate</b> from the fruit for which Eretz Yisrael was praised, <b>grapes and figs and pomegranates, recites</b> the <b>three blessings</b> of Grace after Meals, as he would after eating bread; this is <b>the statement of Rabban Gamliel. And the Rabbis say:</b> One need only recite <b>one blessing abridged from</b> the <b>three</b> blessings of Grace after Meals. <b>Rabbi Akiva says:</b> The three blessings of Grace after Meals are not restricted to bread; rather, <b>even</b> if <b>one ate boiled vegetables, but it is his</b> primary <b>sustenance, he recites</b> the <b>three blessings</b> of Grace after Meals. Additionally: <b>One who drinks water</b> to quench <b>his thirst recites: By whose word all things came to be. Rabbi Tarfon says:</b> He recites: <b>Who creates the many forms of life and their needs.</b>"
|
72 |
+
],
|
73 |
+
[
|
74 |
+
"This mishna sets out the essential <i>halakhot</i> pertaining to the invitation to recite Grace after Meals after a joint meal [<i>zimmun</i>]: <b>Three</b> people <b>who ate as one are required to form a <i>zimmun</i></b> and recite Grace after Meals. If, among the diners, <b>one ate doubtfully tithed produce [<i>demai</i>], and first tithe from which its <i>teruma</i> was</b> already <b>taken,</b> or <b>second tithe, and consecrated food that were redeemed</b> and therefore permitted to be eaten; <b>and</b> even <b>the waiter</b> who served the meal to the diners and <b>who ate</b> at least <b>an olive-bulk</b> from the meal, <b>and the Samaritan [<i>Kuti</i>]</b> who ate with two others at a meal; each of these people is included among the three <b>to obligate</b> those with whom they ate <b>in a <i>zimmun</i>.</b> However, <b>one who ate untithed produce [<i>tevel</i>], and first tithe from which its <i>teruma</i> was not separated, and second tithe, and consecrated food that were not redeemed, and the waiter who did not eat an olive-bulk, and the gentile</b> who ate with two Jews, none of these people is included among the three <b>to obligate</b> those with whom they ate <b>in a <i>zimmun</i>.</b> ",
|
75 |
+
"<b>Women, slaves, and minors do not obligate</b> those with whom they ate <b>in a <i>zimmun</i>. How much</b> must one eat <b>to obligate</b> those with whom he ate <b>in a <i>zimmun</i>? An olive-bulk</b> of food suffices to obligate those with whom they ate in a <i>zimmun</i>. <b>Rabbi Yehuda says: An egg-bulk</b> is the minimum measure to obligate those with whom they ate in a <i>zimmun</i>.",
|
76 |
+
"The mishna delineates distinctions in the <i>halakhot</i> of the <i>zimmun</i> blessing, based on the number of people present. <b>How does one recite the <i>zimmun</i>? In</b> a group of <b>three</b> people, the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Let us bless</b> the One from Whose food we have eaten. <b>In</b> a group of <b>three</b> people <b>and him,</b> the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Bless</b> the One from Whose food we have eaten, as even without him there are enough people to recite the <i>zimmun</i>. With the increase in the number of participants, the blessing is more complex. <b>In</b> a group of <b>ten</b> people, the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Let us bless our God. In</b> a group of <b>ten</b> people <b>and him,</b> the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Bless</b> our God. This formula is recited <b>both</b> in a group of <b>ten and in</b> a group of <b>one hundred thousand.</b> <b>In</b> a group of <b>one hundred</b> people, the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Let us bless the Lord our God. In</b> a group of <b>one hundred</b> people <b>and him,</b> the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Bless</b> the Lord our God. <b>In</b> a group of <b>one thousand</b> people, the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Let us bless the Lord our God, the God of Israel. In</b> a group of <b>one thousand</b> people <b>and him, he says: Bless</b> the Lord our God, the God of Israel. <b>In</b> a group of <b>ten thousand</b> people, the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Let us bless the Lord our God, the God of Israel, the God of Hosts, Who sits upon the cherubs, for the food that we have eaten. In</b> a group of <b>ten thousand</b> people <b>and him,</b> the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Bless</b> the Lord our God, the God of Israel, the God of Hosts, Who sits upon the cherubs, for the food that we have eaten. The principle is that <b>just as he recites the blessing, so too</b> those present <b>recite in response: Blessed be the Lord our God, the God of Israel, the God of Hosts, Who sits upon the cherubs, for the food that we have eaten.</b> On a similar note, <b>Rabbi Yosei HaGelili says: According to the size of the crowd, they recite the blessing, as it is stated: “Bless you God in full assemblies, even the Lord, you who are from the fountain of Israel”</b> (Psalms 68:27). <b>Rabbi Akiva said</b> that there are no distinctions based on the size of the crowd: <b>What do we find in the synagogue? Both</b> when there are <b>many and</b> when there are <b>few,</b> as long as there is a quorum of ten, the prayer leader <b>says: Bless [<i>barekhu</i>] the Lord. Rabbi Yishmael said</b> that in the synagogue, one recites: <b>Bless the Lord the blessed One.</b> ",
|
77 |
+
"<b>Three</b> people <b>who ate as one are not permitted to divide</b> and recite Grace after Meals individually; rather, they recite the <i>zimmun</i> together. <b>And the same</b> is true of <b>four</b> who ate together, <b>and the same</b> is true of <b>five.</b> However, a group of <b>six, up to</b> but not including <b>ten</b> people who ate as one, <b>may divide</b> into two groups, each reciting its own <i>zimmun</i>. <b>And</b> a group of <b>ten may not divide</b> into two groups <b>until there are twenty</b> people present. The general principle is that a group may not divide unless the smaller groups will be able to recite the same <i>zimmun</i> formula that the whole group would have recited.",
|
78 |
+
"The mishna states a <i>halakha</i> with regard to two groups joining together: <b>Two groups that were eating in one house, when some</b> members of each group <b>can see each other, they may combine to</b> form a <b><i>zimmun</i>. And if not, these recite a <i>zimmun</i> for themselves and those recite a <i>zimmun</i> for themselves.</b> The mishna also speaks of the blessing over wine: <b>One does not recite a blessing over wine until he adds water to it,</b> that is <b>the statement of Rabbi Eliezer.</b> Undiluted wine is too strong to drink and a blessing is inappropriate. <b>And the Rabbis say:</b> Since it is possible to drink undiluted wine, one <b>recites a blessing over it.</b>"
|
79 |
+
],
|
80 |
+
[
|
81 |
+
"<b>These</b> are the <b>matters</b> of dispute <b>between Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel with regard to</b> the <i>halakhot</i> of <b>a meal:</b> One dispute concerns the order of blessings in <i>kiddush</i>. <b>Beit Shammai say:</b> When one recites <i>kiddush</i> over wine, <b>one recites a blessing over the</b> sanctification of the <b>day and recites a blessing over the wine thereafter. And Beit Hillel say: One recites a blessing over the wine and recites a blessing over the day thereafter.</b>",
|
82 |
+
"Similarly, Beit Hillel and Beit Shammai disagree with regard to drinking wine before a meal. <b>Beit Shammai say: One washes his hands and mixes</b> water with the wine in <b>the cup thereafter, and Beit Hillel say: One mixes</b> water with the wine in <b>the cup and</b> only <b>washes his hands thereafter.</b> The basis of this particular dispute is with regard to the laws of ritual purity, as the Gemara will explain below.",
|
83 |
+
"Also with regard to the laws of ritual purity, <b>Beit Shammai say:</b> After washing, <b>one dries his hands with a cloth and places it on the table. And Beit Hillel say:</b> One places it <b>on the cushion</b> upon which he is sitting.",
|
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"Similarly, <b>Beit Shammai say: One sweeps the</b> area of the <b>house</b> where the meal took place <b>and he washes his hands</b> with the final waters before Grace after Meals <b>thereafter. And Beit Hillel say: One washes his hands and sweeps the house thereafter.</b>",
|
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+
"Just as they dispute the order of the blessings in <i>kiddush</i>, they dispute the order of the blessings in <i>havdala</i>. If a meal continued until the conclusion of Shabbat, <b>Beit Shammai say:</b> One recites the blessing over the <b>candle,</b> then the Grace after <b>Meals</b> blessing, then the blessing over the <b>spices,</b> and finally the blessing of <b><i>havdala</i>. And Beit Hillel say:</b> The order is <b>candle, spices,</b> Grace after <b>Meals, and <i>havdala</i>.</b> With regard to the blessing over the candle, <b>Beit Shammai say: Who created [<i>bara</i>] the light of fire. And Beit Hillel say: Who creates [<i>boreh</i>] the lights of fire.</b>",
|
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"<b>One may neither recite a blessing over the candle nor over the spices of gentiles, nor over the candle nor the spices</b> designated to pay respects <b>to the dead, nor over the candle nor the spices of idolatry.</b> The mishna cites another <i>halakha</i> with regard to the blessing over the candle: <b>And one does not recite the blessing over the candle until he derives benefit from its light.</b>",
|
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"The mishna cites an additional dispute: <b>One who ate and forgot and did not recite a blessing; Beit Shammai say: He returns to</b> the <b>place</b> where <b>he</b> ate <b>and recites the blessing. Beit Hillel say:</b> That is unnecessary. <b>He recites the blessing at the place</b> where <b>he remembered.</b> Both agree, however, that there is a limit with regard to how long after eating one may recite Grace after Meals. <b>And until when does he recite the blessing? Until the food is digested in his intestines.</b>",
|
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"<b>Wine came before</b> the diners <b>after the meal; if only that cup</b> of wine <b>is there, Beit Shammai say: One recites a blessing over the wine and recites a blessing over the food,</b> Grace after Meals, <b>thereafter. And Beit Hillel say: One recites a blessing over the food and recites a blessing over the wine thereafter.</b> <b>And one answers amen after a Jew who recites a blessing</b> even if he did not hear the entire blessing, <b>and one does not answer amen after a Samaritan [<i>Kuti</i>] who recites a blessing until he hears the whole blessing in its entirety,</b> as perhaps the <i>Kuti</i> introduced an element inconsistent with the Jewish faith in that section of the blessing that he did not hear."
|
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],
|
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[
|
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"This mishna, which includes all of this chapter’s <i>mishnayot</i>, contains a series of blessings and <i>halakhot</i> that are not recited at specific times, but rather in response to various experiences and events.<br><strong>MISHNA:<strong> <span class=\"gemarra-regular\">One who sees a place where miracles occurred</span><span class=\"gemarra-regular\"> on Israel’s behalf recites: Blessed…Who performed miracles </span><span class=\"gemarra-regular\">for our forefathers in this place. </span>One who sees<span class=\"gemarra-regular\"> a </span><span class=\"gemarra-regular\">place from which idolatry was eradicated recites: Blessed…Who eradicated </span><span class=\"gemarra-regular\">idolatry from our land.</span> </strong></strong>",
|
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+
"One who sees conspicuous natural occurrences recites a blessing. <b>For <i>zikin</i> and <i>zeva’ot</i>,</b> which the Gemara will discuss below, <b>for lightning, thunder,</b> and gale force <b>winds,</b> manifestations of the power of the Creator, one <b>recites: Blessed…Whose strength and power fill the world. For</b> extraordinary (Rambam) <b>mountains, hills, seas, rivers, and deserts, one recites: Blessed…Author of creation.</b> Consistent with his opinion that a separate blessing should be instituted for each individual species, <b>Rabbi Yehuda says: One who sees the great sea recites</b> a special blessing: <b>Blessed…Who made the great sea.</b> As with all blessings of this type, one only recites it <b>when he sees</b> the sea <b>intermittently,</b> not on a regular basis. <b>For rain and</b> other <b>good tidings, one recites</b> the special blessing: <b>Blessed…Who is good and Who does good.</b> Even <b>for bad tidings, one recites</b> a special blessing: <b>Blessed…the true Judge.</b>",
|
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+
" Similarly, when <b>one built a new house or purchased new vessels, he recites: Blessed…Who has given us life, sustained us, and brought us to this time.</b> The mishna articulates a general principle: <b>One recites a blessing for the bad</b> that befalls him <b>just as</b> he does <b>for the good.</b> In other words, one recites the appropriate blessing for the trouble that he is experiencing at present despite the fact that it may conceal some positive element in the future. <b>Similarly,</b> one must recite a blessing for <b>the good</b> that befalls him <b>just as for the bad.</b> The mishna states: <b>And one who cries out over the past</b> in an attempt to change that which has already occurred, <b>it is a vain prayer.</b> For example, <b>one whose wife was pregnant and he says: May it be</b> God’s <b>will that my wife will give birth to a male child, it is a vain prayer.</b> Or <b>one who was walking on the path</b> home <b>and he heard the sound of a scream in the city, and he says: May it be</b> God’s <b>will that</b> this scream <b>will not be from my house, it is a vain prayer.</b> In both cases, the event already occurred.",
|
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+
"The Sages also said: <b>One who enters a large city,</b> the Gemara explains below that this is in a case where entering the city is dangerous, <b>recites two prayers: One upon his entrance,</b> that he may enter in peace, <b>and one upon his exit,</b> that he may leave in peace. <b>Ben Azzai says:</b> He recites <b>four</b> prayers, <b>two upon his entrance and two upon his exit.</b> In addition to praying that he may enter and depart in peace, he <b>gives thanks for the past and cries out</b> in prayer <b>for the future.</b> ",
|
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+
"The mishna articulates a general principle: <b>One is obligated to recite a blessing for the bad</b> that befalls him <b>just as he recites a blessing for the good</b> that befalls him, <b>as it is stated: “And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart,</b> with all your soul, and with all your might” (Deuteronomy 6:5). The mishna explains this verse as follows: “<b>With all your heart”</b> means <b>with your two inclinations, with your good inclination and your evil inclination,</b> both of which must be subjugated to the love of God. <b>“With all your soul”</b> means <b>even if God takes your soul. “And with all your might”</b> means <b>with all your money,</b> as money is referred to in the Bible as might. <b>Alternatively,</b> it may be explained that “<b>with all your might”</b> means <b>with every measure that He metes out to you;</b> whether it is good or troublesome, <b>thank Him.</b> The mishna teaches several Temple-related <i>halakhot</i>. <b>One may not act irreverently</b> or conduct himself flippantly <b>opposite the eastern gate</b> of the Temple Mount, <b>which is aligned opposite the Holy of Holies.</b> In deference to the Temple, one <b>may not enter the Temple Mount with his staff, his shoes, his money belt [<i>punda</i>], or</b> even <b>the dust on his feet. One may not make</b> the Temple <b>a shortcut</b> to pass through it, <b>and through an <i>a fortiori</i> inference,</b> all the more so <b>one may not spit</b> on the Temple Mount. The mishna relates: <b>At the conclusion of all blessings</b> recited <b>in the Temple, those</b> reciting the blessing <b>would say:</b> Blessed are You Lord, God of Israel, <b>until everlasting [<i>haolam</i>]</b>, the world. But <b>when the Sadducees strayed and declared</b> that <b>there is but one world</b> and there is no World-to-Come, the Sages <b>instituted that</b> at the conclusion of the blessing <b>one recites: From everlasting [<i>haolam</i>] to everlasting [<i>haolam</i>]</b>. The Sages also <b>instituted that one should greet another in the name</b> of God, i.e., one should mention God’s name in his greeting, <b>as it is stated: “And presently Boaz came from Bethlehem and said to the harvesters, The Lord is with you, and they said to him, May the Lord bless you”</b> (Ruth 2:4). <b>And it says:</b> “And the angel of God appeared to him <b>and said to him, God is with you, mighty man of valor”</b> (Judges 6:12). <b>And it says: “And despise not your mother when she is old”</b> (Proverbs 23:22), i.e., one must not neglect customs which he inherits. <b>And</b> lest you say that mentioning God’s name is prohibited, <b>it says: “It is time to work for the Lord; they have made void Your Torah”</b> (Psalms 119:126), i.e., it is occasionally necessary to negate biblical precepts in order to perform God’s will, and greeting another is certainly God’s will. <b>Rabbi Natan says</b> another interpretation of the verse: <b>“Make void Your Torah” because “it is the time to work for the Lord,”</b> i.e., occasionally it is necessary to negate biblical precepts in order to bolster the Torah."
|
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]
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],
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"sectionNames": [
|
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"Chapter",
|
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"Mishnah"
|
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]
|
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}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/English/merged.json
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{
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"title": "Mishnah Berakhot",
|
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+
"language": "en",
|
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"versionTitle": "merged",
|
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"versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Berakhot",
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"text": [
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[
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"The beginning of tractate <i>Berakhot</i>, the first tractate in the first of the six orders of Mishna, opens with a discussion of the recitation of <i>Shema</i>, as the recitation of <i>Shema</i> encompasses an acceptance of the yoke of Heaven and of the mitzvot, and as such, forms the basis for all subsequent teachings. The Mishna opens with the laws regarding the appropriate time to recite <i>Shema</i>: <br><br><b>From when,</b> that is, from what time, does <b>one recite <i>Shema</i> in the evening? From the time when the priests enter to partake of their <i>teruma.</i></b> Until when does the time for the recitation of the evening <i>Shema</i> extend? <b>Until the end of the first watch.</b> The term used in the Torah (Deuteronomy 6:7) to indicate the time for the recitation of the evening <i>Shema</i> is <i>beshokhbekha</i>, when you lie down, which refers to the time in which individuals go to sleep. Therefore, the time for the recitation of <i>Shema</i> is the first portion of the night, when individuals typically prepare for sleep. <b>That is the statement of Rabbi Eliezer.</b> <b>The Rabbis say:</b> The time for the recitation of the evening <i>Shema</i> is <b>until midnight.</b> <b>Rabban Gamliel says:</b> One may recite <i>Shema</i> <b>until dawn,</b> indicating that <i>beshokhbekha</i> is to be understood as a reference to the entire time people sleep in their beds, the whole night. The mishna relates that Rabban Gamliel practiced in accordance with his ruling. There was an <b>incident</b> where Rabban Gamliel’s <b>sons returned</b> very late <b>from a wedding hall. They said to him,</b> as they had been preoccupied with celebrating with the groom and bride: <b>We did not recite <i>Shema.</i> He said to them: If the dawn has not</b> yet <b>arrived, you are obligated to recite</b> <i>Shema</i>. Since Rabban Gamliel’s opinion disagreed with that of the Rabbis, he explained to his sons that the Rabbis actually agree with him, <b>and</b> that it is <b>not only</b> with regard to the <i>halakha</i> of the recitation of <i>Shema</i>, <b>but rather, wherever the Sages say until midnight, the mitzva</b> may be performed <b>until dawn.</b> Rabban Gamliel cites several cases in support of his claim, such as <b>the burning of fats and limbs</b> on the altar. Due to the quantity of offerings each day, the priests were often unable to complete the burning of all of the fats and limbs, so they continued to be burned into the night, as it is written: “This is the law of the burnt offering: The burnt offering shall remain upon the pyre on the altar all night until morning, while the fire on the altar burns it” (Leviticus 6:2). <b>And,</b> with regard to <b>all</b> sacrifices, such as the sin-offerings and the guilt-offerings <b>that are eaten for one day</b> and night; although the Sages state that they may be eaten only until midnight, by Torah law they may be eaten <b>until dawn.</b> This is in accordance with the verse: “On the day on which it is offered must you eat. Do not leave it until the morning” (Leviticus 7:15). <b>If so, why did the Sages say</b> that they may be eaten only <b>until midnight?</b> This is <b>in order to distance a person from transgression,</b> as if one believes that he has until dawn to perform the mitzva, he might be negligent and postpone it until the opportunity to perform the mitzva has passed.",
|
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"<b>From when does one recite <i>Shema</i> in the morning</b>? <b>From</b> when a person <b>can distinguish between sky-blue [<i>tekhelet</i>] and white.</b> <br><b>Rabbi Eliezer says:</b> From when one can distinguish <b>between sky-blue and leek-green.</b> <br><b>And</b> one must <b>finish</b> reciting <i>Shema</i> <b>until</b> the end of the period when you rise, i.e., <b>sunrise,</b> when the sun begins to shine. <br><b>Rabbi Yehoshua says:</b> One may recite the morning <i>Shema</i> <b>until three hours</b> of the day, which this is still considered when you rise, <b>as that is the habit of kings to rise</b> from their sleep <b>at three hours</b> of the day. While there is a set time frame for the recitation of <i>Shema</i>, <b>one who recites</b> <i>Shema</i> <b>from that time onward loses nothing.</b> Although he does not fulfill the mitzva of reciting of <i>Shema</i> at its appointed time, <b>he is</b> nevertheless considered <b>like one who reads the Torah,</b> and is rewarded accordingly.",
|
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+
"Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel disputed the proper way to recite <i>Shema</i>. <b>Beit Shammai say:</b> One should recite <i>Shema</i> in the manner indicated in the text of <i>Shema</i> itself. Therefore, <b>in the evening every person must recline</b> on his side and recite <i>Shema</i>, in fulfillment of the verse: “When you lie down,” <b>and in the morning he must stand</b> and recite <i>Shema</i>, in fulfillment of the verse: When you rise, <b>as it is stated: “When you lie down, and when you rise.”</b> <b>And Beit Hillel say: Every person recites</b> <i>Shema</i> <b>as he is,</b> and he may do so in whatever position is most comfortable for him, both day and night, <b>as it is stated: “And when you walk along the way,”</b> when one is neither standing nor reclining (<i>Me’iri</i>). <b>If so,</b> according to Beit Hillel, <b>why was it stated: “When you lie down, and when you rise”?</b> This is merely to denote time; <b>at the time when people lie down and the time when people rise.</b> With regard to this <i>halakha</i>, <b>Rabbi Tarfon said:</b> Once, <b>I was coming on the road</b> when I stopped and <b>reclined to recite</b> <i>Shema</i> <b>in accordance with the statement of Beit Shammai.</b> Although Rabbi Tarfon was a disciple of Beit Hillel, he thought that fulfilling the mitzva in accordance with the opinion of Beit Shammai would be a more meticulous fulfillment of the mitzva, acceptable to all opinions. Yet in so doing, <b>I endangered myself due to the highwaymen [<i>listim</i>]</b> who accost travelers. The Sages <b>said to him: You deserved</b> to be in a position where you were <b>liable</b> to pay <b>with your life, as you transgressed the statement of Beit Hillel.</b> This statement will be explained in the Gemara.",
|
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+
"From the laws of the recitation of <i>Shema</i> itself, the mishna proceeds to discuss the blessings recited in conjunction with <i>Shema</i>. Here, the order is established: <b>In</b> the <b>morning</b> when reciting <i>Shema</i>, <b>one recites two blessings beforehand,</b> the first on the radiant lights and the second the blessing on the love of Torah, <b>and one thereafter,</b> which begins with: True and Firm [<i>emet veyatziv</i>]. <b>And in the evening one recites two blessings beforehand,</b> on the radiant lights and on the love of God, <b>and two thereafter,</b> the blessing of redemption: True and Faithful [<i>emet ve’emuna</i>], and the blessing: Help us lie down. With regard to the blessing: True and Faithful, <b>whether</b> one recites it in its <b>long</b> formula <b>and whether</b> one recites it in its <b>short</b> formula, he fulfills his obligation (<i>Tosafot</i>). However, the general principle is: <b>Where</b> the Sages <b>said</b> to recite <b>a long</b> blessing, <b>one may not shorten it,</b> and so too, wherever they said to recite <b>a short</b> blessing, <b>one may not lengthen it.</b> Where the Sages said that a blessing <b>must conclude</b> with a second blessing at the end, <b>he may not fail to conclude</b> with that blessing. Similarly, if the Sages said that a blessing must <b>not conclude</b> with a second blessing, <b>one may not conclude</b> with a blessing.",
|
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+
"It is a mitzva by Torah law to mention the exodus from Egypt at night, but some held that this mitzva was, like phylacteries or ritual fringes, fulfilled only during the day and not at night. For this reason it was decided: <b>The exodus from Egypt is mentioned at night,</b> adjacent to the recitation of <i>Shema</i>. <b>Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya said: I am approximately seventy years old, and</b> although I have long held this opinion, <b>I was never privileged</b> to prevail (<i>Me’iri</i>) and prove that there is a biblical obligation to fulfill the accepted custom (Ra’avad) and have <b>the exodus from Egypt mentioned at night, until Ben Zoma interpreted it homiletically</b> and proved it obligatory. Ben Zoma derived it <b>as it is stated: “That you may remember the day you went out of the land of Egypt all the days of your life”</b> (Deuteronomy 16:3). <b>The days of your life,</b> refers to daytime alone; however, the addition of the word all, as it is stated: <b>All the days of your life,</b> comes to add nights as well. <b>And the Rabbis,</b> who posit that there is no biblical obligation to mention the exodus from Egypt at night, explain the word, all, differently and <b>say: The days of your life,</b> refers to the days in <b>this world, all</b> is added <b>to include the days of the Messiah.</b>"
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"The first question discussed in the mishna is the question of intent. <b>One who was reading</b> the sections of <b>the Torah</b> which comprise <i>Shema</i>, <b>and the time for the recitation</b> of the morning or evening <i>Shema</i> <b>arrived, if he focused his heart, he fulfilled</b> his obligation and need not repeat <i>Shema</i> in order to fulfill his obligation. This is true even if he failed to recite the requisite blessings (Rabbeinu Ḥananel). <i>Ab initio</i>, one may not interrupt the recitation of <i>Shema</i>. The <i>tanna’im</i>, however, disagree over how strict one must be in this regard. They distinguish between interruptions between paragraphs and interruptions within each paragraph. <b>At the</b> breaks between <b>paragraphs, one may greet</b> an individual <b>due to the respect</b> that he is obligated to show him, <b>and one may respond</b> to another’s greeting due to respect. <b>And in the middle</b> of each paragraph <b>one may greet</b> an individual <b>due to the fear</b> that the individual may harm him if he fails do so (<i>Me’iri</i>) <b>and one may respond</b> to another’s greeting due to fear. This is the <b>statement of Rabbi Meir.</b> <b>Rabbi Yehuda says:</b> There is a distinction between greeting someone and responding to his greeting. <b>In the middle</b> of each paragraph, one may <b>greet</b> another <b>due to fear and respond due to respect. In the</b> breaks between <b>paragraphs, one may greet</b> another <b>due to respect and respond with a greeting to any person</b> who greets him, whether or not he is obligated to show him respect.",
|
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+
"As for what constitutes a paragraph, <b>these are</b> the breaks <b>between the paragraphs: Between the first blessing and the second, between the second and <i>Shema</i>, between <i>Shema</i> and</b> the second paragraph: <b>If you indeed heed</b> My commandments <b>[<i>VeHaya im Shamoa</i>], between <i>VeHaya im Shamoa</i> and</b> the third paragraph: <b>And the Lord spoke [<i>VaYomer</i>] and between <i>VaYomer</i> and True and Firm</b> [<b><i>emet veyatziv</i></b>], the blessing that follows <i>Shema</i>. The Rabbis held that each blessing and each paragraph of <i>Shema</i> constitutes its own entity, and treat interruptions between them as between the paragraphs. <b>Rabbi Yehuda,</b> however, <b>says: Between <i>VaYomer</i> and <i>emet veyatziv</i>,</b> which begins the blessing that follows <i>Shema</i>, <b>one may not interrupt</b> at all. According to Rabbi Yehuda, these must be recited consecutively. Since the paragraphs of <i>Shema</i> are not adjacent to one another in the Torah, and they are not recited in the order in which they appear, the mishna explains their placement. <b>Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa said: Why,</b> in the mitzva of the recitation of <i>Shema</i>, <b>did the portion of <i>Shema</i> precede</b> that of <b><i>VeHaya im Shamoa</i>?</b> This is <b>so that one will first accept upon himself the yoke of the kingdom of Heaven,</b> the awareness of God and God’s unity, <b>and only then accept upon himself the yoke of the mitzvot,</b> which appears in the paragraph of <i>VeHaya im Shamoa</i>. Why did <b><i>VeHaya im Shamoa</i></b> precede <b><i>VaYomer</i>?</b> Because the paragraph of <b><i>VeHaya im Shamoa</i> is practiced both by day and by night,</b> while <b><i>VaYomer</i>,</b> which discusses the mitzva of ritual fringes, <b>is only practiced during the day.</b>",
|
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+
"<b>One who recites <i>Shema</i> and did not</b> recite in a manner <b>audible to his own ear,</b> either because he read inaudibly or because he is deaf, <b>fulfilled</b> his obligation. <b>Rabbi Yosei says: He did not fulfill</b> his obligation. <b>One who recited</b> <i>Shema</i> and <b>was not</b> sufficiently <b>precise in</b> his enunciation of <b>its letters, Rabbi Yosei says: He fulfilled</b> his obligation. <b>Rabbi Yehuda says: He did not fulfill</b> his obligation. <b>One who recited</b> <i>Shema</i> <b>out of order,</b> meaning he did not read the verses sequentially, <b>he did not fulfill</b> his obligation. <b>One who recited and erred, should return to the place</b> in <i>Shema</i> <b>that he erred.</b>",
|
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+
"The primary issue in this mishna is the requisite degree of concentration when reciting <i>Shema</i>. <b>Laborers</b> engaged in their work may <b>recite</b> <i>Shema</i> while standing <b>atop the tree or atop the course of stones</b> in a wall under construction, <b>which they are not permitted to do for</b> the <i>Amida</i> <b>prayer,</b> which requires intent of the heart.",
|
19 |
+
"The mishna continues: <b>A groom is exempt from the recitation of <i>Shema</i> on the first night</b> of his marriage, which was generally Wednesday night, <b>until Saturday night, if he has not taken action</b> and consummated the marriage, as he is preoccupied by concerns related to consummation of the marriage. The mishna relates that <b>there was an incident where Rabban Gamliel married a woman and recited</b> <i>Shema</i> even <b>the first night. His students said to him: Didn’t our teacher teach us that a groom is exempt from the recitation of <i>Shema</i>? He answered them:</b> Nevertheless, <b>I am not listening to you</b> to refrain from reciting <i>Shema</i>, and in so doing <b>preclude myself from</b> the acceptance of <b>the yoke of the Kingdom of Heaven, for even one moment.</b>",
|
20 |
+
"The mishna relates another episode portraying unusual conduct by Rabban Gamliel. <b>He bathed on the first night after his wife died. His students said to him:</b> Have <b>you</b> not <b>taught us, our teacher, that a mourner is prohibited to bathe?</b> He answered them: <b>I am not like other people, I am delicate [<i>istenis</i>].</b> For me, not bathing causes actual physical distress, and even a mourner need not suffer physical distress as part of his mourning.",
|
21 |
+
"Another exceptional incident is related: <b>And when his slave, Tavi, died,</b> Rabban Gamliel <b>accepted condolences for his</b> death as one would for a close family member. <b>His students said to him: Have you</b> not <b>taught us, our teacher, that one does not accept condolences for</b> the death of <b>slaves?</b> Rabban Gamliel said to his students: <b>My slave, Tavi, is not like all the rest of the slaves, he was virtuous</b> and it is appropriate to accord him the same respect accorded to a family member.",
|
22 |
+
"With regard to the recitation of <i>Shema</i> on one’s wedding night, the Sages said that <b>if,</b> despite his exemption, <b>a groom wishes to recite <i>Shema</i> on the first night,</b> he may do so. <b>Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Not everyone who wishes to assume the reputation</b> of a God-fearing person <b>may assume</b> it, and consequently, not everyone who wishes to recite <i>Shema</i> on his wedding night may do so."
|
23 |
+
],
|
24 |
+
[
|
25 |
+
"<b>One whose deceased</b> relative <b>is laid out</b> unburied <b>before him is exempt from the recitation of <i>Shema</i>, from</b> the <i>Amida</i> <b>prayer, and from</b> the mitzva to don <b>phylacteries, as well as all</b> positive <b>mitzvot mentioned in the Torah,</b> until the deceased has been buried. With regard to <b>the pallbearers and their replacements and the replacements of their replacements, those</b> located <b>before the bier</b> who have not yet carried the deceased <b>and those</b> located <b>after the bier. Those who are needed</b> to carry <b>the bier are exempt</b> from reciting <i>Shema</i>; <b>while those who are not needed</b> to carry <b>the bier</b>, are <b>obligated</b> to recite <i>Shema</i>. However, both <b>these and those are exempt from</b> reciting the <i>Amida</i> <b>prayer,</b> since they are preoccupied and are unable to focus and pray with the appropriate intent.",
|
26 |
+
"After <b>they buried the deceased and returned, if they</b> have sufficient time to <b>begin</b> to recite <i>Shema</i> <b>and conclude before they arrive at the row,</b> formed by those who attended the burial, through which the bereaved family will pass in order to receive consolation, <b>they should begin. If</b> they do <b>not</b> have sufficient time to conclude reciting the entire <i>Shema</i>, then <b>they should not begin.</b> And <b>those standing in the row, those</b> in the <b>interior</b> row, directly before whom the mourners will pass and who will console them, <b>are exempt</b> from reciting <i>Shema</i>, while <b>those</b> in the <b>exterior</b> row, who stand there only to show their respect, <b>are obligated</b> to recite <i>Shema</i>.",
|
27 |
+
"<b>Women, slaves and minors are exempt from the recitation of <i>Shema</i> and from phylacteries, but are obligated in prayer, <i>mezuza</i> and Grace after Meals.</b>",
|
28 |
+
"Ezra the Scribe decreed that one who is ritually impure because of a seminal emission may not engage in matters of Torah until he has immersed in a ritual bath and purified himself. This <i>halakha</i> was accepted over the course of many generations; however, many disputes arose with regard to the Torah matters to which it applies. Regarding this, the mishna says: If the time for the recitation of <i>Shema</i> arrived and <b>one</b> is impure due to a <b>seminal emission,</b> he may <b>contemplate</b> <i>Shema</i> <b>in his heart, but neither recites the blessings preceding</b> <i>Shema</i>, <b>nor the blessings following it. Over food</b> which, after partaking, one is obligated by Torah law to recite a blessing, <b>one recites a blessing afterward, but one does not recite a blessing beforehand,</b> because the blessing recited prior to eating is a requirement by rabbinic law. <b>And</b> in all of these instances <b>Rabbi Yehuda says: He recites a blessing beforehand and thereafter</b> in both the case of <i>Shema</i> and in the case of food. ",
|
29 |
+
"This mishna contains various statements with regard to individuals with different types of ritual impurity as well as the need to distance oneself from filth and impurity. <b>One who was standing in prayer and he recalled that he experienced a seminal emission,</b> and according to this opinion he is prohibited from praying, should <b>not interrupt</b> his prayer, <b>rather he should abridge</b> each individual blessing. They stated a general principle: <b>One who descended to immerse himself, if he is able to ascend, cover himself</b> with a garment, <b>and recite</b> the morning <i>Shema</i> <b>before sunrise, he should ascend, cover himself, and recite</b> <i>Shema</i>, <b>and if not,</b> he should <b>cover himself in the water and recite</b> <i>Shema</i> there. <b>He may not, however, cover himself in either foul water, or water</b> in which flax was <b>soaked, until he pours</b> other <b>water into it. And</b> in general, <b>how far must one distance</b> himself <b>from</b> urine <b>and feces</b> in order to recite <i>Shema</i>? At least <b>four cubits.</b>",
|
30 |
+
"Continuing the earlier discussion of the <i>halakhot</i> of immersion for Torah study and prayer for one who experienced a seminal emission, the mishna discusses a case where individuals who were already impure with a severe form of ritual impurity are exposed to the impurity of a seminal emission as well. They are required to immerse themselves and purify themselves of the impurity of the seminal emission even though they remain impure due to the more severe impurity. Consequently, even a <b><i>zav</i>,</b> whose impurity lasts at least seven days, <b>who experienced a seminal emission,</b> for which, were he not a <i>zav</i>, he would be impure for only one day; <b>a menstruating woman who discharged semen,</b> despite the fact that she is already impure with a severe impurity unaffected by her immersion; <b>and</b> a woman <b>who engaged in conjugal relations</b> with her husband <b>and</b> later <b>saw menstrual blood,</b> all <b>require immersion. And Rabbi Yehuda exempts</b> them from immersion."
|
31 |
+
],
|
32 |
+
[
|
33 |
+
"This mishna determines the times beyond which the different prayers may not be recited. According to the Rabbis, <b>the morning prayer</b> may be recited <b>until noon. Rabbi Yehuda says:</b> It may be recited only <b>until four hours</b> after sunrise. According to the Rabbis, <b>the afternoon prayer</b> may be recited <b>until the evening. Rabbi Yehuda says:</b> It may be recited only <b>until the midpoint of the afternoon [<i>pelag haminḥa</i>],</b> i.e., the midpoint of the period that begins with the sacrifice of the daily afternoon offering and ends at nightfall, which is the end of the afternoon. <b>The evening prayer</b> may be recited throughout the night and <b>is not fixed</b> to a specific hour. According to the Rabbis, <b>the additional prayer</b> may be recited <b>all day. Rabbi Yehuda says:</b> It may be recited only <b>until seven hours</b> after sunrise.",
|
34 |
+
"In addition to the <i>halakhot</i> relating to the fixed prayers, the Gemara relates: <b>Rabbi Neḥunya ben Hakana would recite a brief prayer upon his entrance into the study hall and upon his exit. They said to him:</b> The study hall is not a dangerous place that would warrant a prayer when entering and exiting, so <b>what room is there for this prayer? He said to them: Upon my entrance, I pray that no mishap will transpire</b> caused <b>by me</b> in the study hall. <b>And upon my exit, I give thanks for my portion.</b>",
|
35 |
+
"The mishna cites a dispute with regard to the obligation to recite the <i>Amida</i> prayer, also known as <i>Shemoneh Esreh</i>, the prayer of eighteen blessings, or simply as <i>tefilla</i>, prayer. <b>Rabban Gamliel says: Each and every day a person recites the</b> prayer of <b>eighteen blessings. Rabbi Yehoshua says:</b> A short prayer is sufficient, and one only recites <b>an abridged</b> version of the prayer of <b>eighteen blessings. Rabbi Akiva says</b> an intermediate opinion: <b>If he is fluent in his prayer, he recites the</b> prayer of <b>eighteen blessings, and if not,</b> he need only recite <b>an abridged</b> version of the prayer of <b>eighteen blessings.</b>",
|
36 |
+
"<b>Rabbi Eliezer says: One whose prayer is fixed, his prayer is not supplication</b> and is flawed. The Gemara will clarify the halakhic implications of this flaw. <b>Rabbi Yehoshua says: One who</b> cannot recite a complete prayer because he <b>is walking in a place of danger, recites a brief prayer and says: Redeem, Lord, Your people, the remnant of Israel, at every transition [<i>parashat ha’ibur</i>],</b> the meaning of which will be discussed in the Gemara. <b>May their needs be before You. Blessed are You, Lord, Who listens to prayer.</b>",
|
37 |
+
"While praying, one must face toward the direction of the Holy Temple. <b>One who was riding on a donkey should dismount and pray</b> calmly. <b>If he is unable to dismount, he should turn his face</b> toward the direction of the Temple. <b>If he is unable to turn his face,</b> it is sufficient that <b>he focus his heart opposite the Holy of Holies.</b> ",
|
38 |
+
"Similarly, <b>one who was traveling in a ship or on a wagon or on a raft [<i>asda</i>]</b> and is unable to turn and face in the direction of Jerusalem, <b>should focus his heart opposite the Holy of Holies.</b>",
|
39 |
+
"<b>Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says: The additional prayer is only</b> recited <b>in a city where there is a quorum of ten [<i>ḥever ir</i>]. The Rabbis say:</b> One may recite the additional prayer <b>with a <i>ḥever ir</i> or without a <i>ḥever ir.</i> Rabbi Yehuda says</b> another opinion <b>in his name,</b> the name of Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya: <b>Any place where there is a <i>ḥever ir</i>, an individual is</b> completely <b>exempt from</b> reciting <b>the additional prayer.</b>"
|
40 |
+
],
|
41 |
+
[
|
42 |
+
"<b>One</b> may <b>only stand</b> and begin to pray <b>from</b> an approach of <b>gravity</b> and submission. There is a tradition that <b>the early</b> generations of <b>pious</b> men <b>would wait one hour,</b> in order to reach the solemn frame of mind appropriate for prayer, <b>and</b> then <b>pray, so that they would focus their hearts toward their Father in Heaven.</b> Standing in prayer is standing before God and, as such, <b>even</b> if <b>the king greets him, he should not respond to him; and even if a snake is wrapped on his heel, he should not interrupt</b> his prayer.",
|
43 |
+
"This mishna speaks of additions to the standard formula of the <i>Amida</i> prayer and the blessings in which they are incorporated. <b>One mentions the might of the rains</b> and recites: He makes the wind blow and the rain fall, <b>in</b> the second blessing of the <i>Amida</i> prayer, the blessing of <b>the revival of the dead. And the request</b> for rain: And grant dew and rain as a blessing, <b>in</b> the ninth blessing of the <i>Amida</i> prayer, <b>the blessing of the years. And the prayer of distinction [<i>havdala</i>],</b> between the holy and the profane recited in the evening prayer following Shabbat and festivals, <b>in</b> the fourth blessing of the <i>Amida</i> prayer: <b>Who graciously grants knowledge. Rabbi Akiva says:</b> <i>Havdala</i> <b>is recited</b> as <b>an independent fourth blessing. Rabbi Eliezer says</b> that it is recited <b>in</b> the seventeenth blessing of the <i>Amida</i> prayer, the blessing of <b>thanksgiving.</b>",
|
44 |
+
"Concluding the laws of prayer in this tractate, the mishna raises several prayer-related matters. This mishna speaks of certain innovations in the prayer formula that warrant the silencing of a communal prayer leader who attempts to introduce them in his prayers, as their content tends toward heresy. <b>One who recites</b> in his supplication: Just as <b>Your mercy is extended to a bird’s nest,</b> as You have commanded us to send away the mother before taking her chicks or eggs (Deuteronomy 22:6–7), so too extend Your mercy to us; <b>and</b> one who recites: <b>May Your name be mentioned with the good</b> or one who recites: <b>We give thanks, we give thanks</b> twice, they <b>silence him.</b> This mishna and the next one deal with the communal prayer leader. <b>(If one says: “May the good bless You,” this is a path of heresy.) One who is passing before the ark,</b> as prayer leader, <b>and erred, another should</b> immediately <b>pass in his place, and at that moment,</b> this replacement <b>should not refuse</b> in the interest of courtesy. The <i>Amida</i> prayer was interrupted and he should replace him as quickly as possible. <b>From where does</b> the replacement <b>commence? From the beginning of the blessing in which</b> the former <b>had erred.</b>",
|
45 |
+
"In order to prevent the prayer leader from erring in his prayer, it was said that <b>one who passes before the ark should not respond amen after the</b> blessing of the <b>priests, because of</b> potential <b>confusion.</b> Since the mishna is describing a situation in which he was praying without a prayer book, responding amen would interrupt the order of the prayer and potentially lead him to begin a different blessing. For this reason, even <b>if there is no priest other than</b> the communal prayer leader, <b>he does not lift his hands</b> to bless the people, lest he become confused. <b>And,</b> however, <b>if he is certain that he can lift his hands and resume his prayer</b> without becoming confused, <b>he is permitted</b> to recite the blessing.",
|
46 |
+
"Concluding its discussion of the <i>halakhot</i> of prayer, the mishna discusses less practical aspects of prayer. <b>One who prays and</b> realizes that he <b>erred</b> in his prayer, it is <b>a bad omen for him;</b> it indicates to him that his prayer was not accepted. <b>And if he</b> who erred <b>is the communal prayer leader,</b> it is <b>a bad omen for those who sent him, because a person’s agent</b> has legal status <b>equivalent to his own.</b> On a similar note, <b>they said about Rabbi Ḥanina ben Dosa that he would pray on</b> behalf of <b>the sick and</b> immediately after his prayer he would <b>say: This</b> one shall recover from his illness and <b>live and this</b> one shall <b>die.</b> When <b>they said to him: From where do you know? He said to them: If my prayer is fluent in my mouth</b> as I recite it and there are no errors, <b>I know that</b> my prayer <b>is accepted. And if not, I know that</b> my prayer <b>is rejected.</b>"
|
47 |
+
],
|
48 |
+
[
|
49 |
+
"This mishna discusses the blessings recited over various foods. <b>How does one recite a blessing over fruits? Over</b> different <b>fruits</b> that grow on a <b>tree one recites: Who creates fruit of the tree, with the exception of wine.</b> Although wine is produced from fruit of the tree, due to its significance, its blessing differs from other fruits of the tree. <b>Over wine one recites: Who creates fruit of the vine. Over fruits</b> that grow from <b>the earth, one recites: Who creates fruit of the ground, with the exception of bread.</b> Bread, too, is significant and its blessing differs from other fruits of the ground, <b>as over bread one recites: Who brings forth bread from the earth. Over</b> herbs and leafy <b>vegetables one recites: Who creates fruit of the ground. Rabbi Yehuda says</b> that there is room to distinguish between fruits that grow from the earth, herbs, and leafy vegetables. Although they are all fruit of the ground, since they have different qualities, the blessing on the latter is: <b>Who creates various kinds of herbs.</b>",
|
50 |
+
"This mishna discusses how, after the fact, a more general blessing exempts one from the obligation to recite a more specific one. <b>One who recited: Who creates fruit of the ground, over fruit of the tree, fulfilled</b> his obligation. One who recited: <b>Who creates fruit of the tree, over fruits of the earth, did not fulfill</b> his obligation. <b>And over all</b> food items, <b>one who recited: By whose word all things came to be, fulfilled</b> his obligation.",
|
51 |
+
"<b>And over</b> a food <b>item whose growth is not from the ground, one recites: By whose word all things came to be.</b> And <b>over vinegar,</b> wine that fermented and spoiled, <b>and over <i>novelot</i>,</b> dates that spoiled, <b>and over locusts, one recites: By whose word all things came to be. So too, <b>over milk, and over cheese, and over eggs, one recites:</b> By whose word <b>all things</b> came to be. Rabbi Yehuda says:</b> Over <b>any</b> food item <b>that is a type</b> resulting from a <b>curse, one does not recite a blessing over it</b> at all. None of the items listed exist under normal conditions, and they come about as the result of a curse.",
|
52 |
+
"On a different note: If there were <b>many types</b> of food <b>before him,</b> over which food should he recite a blessing first? <b>Rabbi Yehuda says: If there is one of the seven species</b> for which Eretz Yisrael was praised <b>among them, he recites</b> the first <b>blessing over it. And the Rabbis say: He recites a blessing over whichever of them he wants.</b>",
|
53 |
+
"This mishna explains those cases and those circumstances in which blessings recited over particular foods exempt other foods at the meal from the requirement to recite a blessing over them. <b>One who recited a blessing over the wine that</b> one drank <b>before the meal,</b> with that blessing <b>he exempted the wine that</b> he drinks <b>after the meal.</b> Similarly, <b>one who recited a blessing over the appetizers that</b> one ate <b>before the meal,</b> with that blessing <b>he exempted the appetizers that</b> he eats <b>after the meal. One who recited a blessing over the bread exempted the appetizers,</b> as they are considered secondary to the bread. However, one who recited a blessing <b>over the appetizers did not exempt the bread. Beit Shammai say:</b> The blessing recited over the appetizers <b>did not exempt even a cooked dish</b> that he eats during the meal.",
|
54 |
+
"An additional <i>halakha</i> is cited: If several people <b>were sitting</b> to eat not in the framework of a joint meal, <b>each recites a blessing for himself. If they were reclined</b> on divans to eat, which renders it a joint meal, <b>one recites a blessing on behalf of them all.</b> Additionally: If <b>wine came before them during the meal, each and every</b> diner <b>recites a blessing</b> over the wine <b>for himself.</b> If the wine came <b>after the meal, one recites a blessing on behalf of them all. And he,</b> who recited the blessing over the wine, also <b>says</b> the blessing <b>over the incense</b> [<b><i>mugmar</i></b>], <b>although they only bring the incense</b> to the diners <b>after the meal.</b>",
|
55 |
+
"If <b>they brought salted</b> food <b>before him</b> to eat <b>first and bread with it, he recites a blessing over the salted</b> food <b>and</b> thereby <b>exempts the bread, because</b> the salted food is primary while <b>the bread is secondary to it. This is the principle: Any</b> food <b>that is primary and a secondary</b> food <b>is with it, one recites a blessing over the primary and,</b> in so doing, <b>exempts the secondary</b> from its own blessing.",
|
56 |
+
"<b>One who ate</b> from the fruit for which Eretz Yisrael was praised, <b>grapes and figs and pomegranates, recites</b> the <b>three blessings</b> of Grace after Meals, as he would after eating bread; this is <b>the statement of Rabban Gamliel. And the Rabbis say:</b> One need only recite <b>one blessing abridged from</b> the <b>three</b> blessings of Grace after Meals. <b>Rabbi Akiva says:</b> The three blessings of Grace after Meals are not restricted to bread; rather, <b>even</b> if <b>one ate boiled vegetables, but it is his</b> primary <b>sustenance, he recites</b> the <b>three blessings</b> of Grace after Meals. Additionally: <b>One who drinks water</b> to quench <b>his thirst recites: By whose word all things came to be. Rabbi Tarfon says:</b> He recites: <b>Who creates the many forms of life and their needs.</b>"
|
57 |
+
],
|
58 |
+
[
|
59 |
+
"This mishna sets out the essential <i>halakhot</i> pertaining to the invitation to recite Grace after Meals after a joint meal [<i>zimmun</i>]: <b>Three</b> people <b>who ate as one are required to form a <i>zimmun</i></b> and recite Grace after Meals. If, among the diners, <b>one ate doubtfully tithed produce [<i>demai</i>], and first tithe from which its <i>teruma</i> was</b> already <b>taken,</b> or <b>second tithe, and consecrated food that were redeemed</b> and therefore permitted to be eaten; <b>and</b> even <b>the waiter</b> who served the meal to the diners and <b>who ate</b> at least <b>an olive-bulk</b> from the meal, <b>and the Samaritan [<i>Kuti</i>]</b> who ate with two others at a meal; each of these people is included among the three <b>to obligate</b> those with whom they ate <b>in a <i>zimmun</i>.</b> However, <b>one who ate untithed produce [<i>tevel</i>], and first tithe from which its <i>teruma</i> was not separated, and second tithe, and consecrated food that were not redeemed, and the waiter who did not eat an olive-bulk, and the gentile</b> who ate with two Jews, none of these people is included among the three <b>to obligate</b> those with whom they ate <b>in a <i>zimmun</i>.</b> ",
|
60 |
+
"<b>Women, slaves, and minors do not obligate</b> those with whom they ate <b>in a <i>zimmun</i>. How much</b> must one eat <b>to obligate</b> those with whom he ate <b>in a <i>zimmun</i>? An olive-bulk</b> of food suffices to obligate those with whom they ate in a <i>zimmun</i>. <b>Rabbi Yehuda says: An egg-bulk</b> is the minimum measure to obligate those with whom they ate in a <i>zimmun</i>.",
|
61 |
+
"The mishna delineates distinctions in the <i>halakhot</i> of the <i>zimmun</i> blessing, based on the number of people present. <b>How does one recite the <i>zimmun</i>? In</b> a group of <b>three</b> people, the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Let us bless</b> the One from Whose food we have eaten. <b>In</b> a group of <b>three</b> people <b>and him,</b> the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Bless</b> the One from Whose food we have eaten, as even without him there are enough people to recite the <i>zimmun</i>. With the increase in the number of participants, the blessing is more complex. <b>In</b> a group of <b>ten</b> people, the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Let us bless our God. In</b> a group of <b>ten</b> people <b>and him,</b> the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Bless</b> our God. This formula is recited <b>both</b> in a group of <b>ten and in</b> a group of <b>one hundred thousand.</b> <b>In</b> a group of <b>one hundred</b> people, the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Let us bless the Lord our God. In</b> a group of <b>one hundred</b> people <b>and him,</b> the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Bless</b> the Lord our God. <b>In</b> a group of <b>one thousand</b> people, the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Let us bless the Lord our God, the God of Israel. In</b> a group of <b>one thousand</b> people <b>and him, he says: Bless</b> the Lord our God, the God of Israel. <b>In</b> a group of <b>ten thousand</b> people, the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Let us bless the Lord our God, the God of Israel, the God of Hosts, Who sits upon the cherubs, for the food that we have eaten. In</b> a group of <b>ten thousand</b> people <b>and him,</b> the one reciting the <i>zimmun</i> <b>says: Bless</b> the Lord our God, the God of Israel, the God of Hosts, Who sits upon the cherubs, for the food that we have eaten. The principle is that <b>just as he recites the blessing, so too</b> those present <b>recite in response: Blessed be the Lord our God, the God of Israel, the God of Hosts, Who sits upon the cherubs, for the food that we have eaten.</b> On a similar note, <b>Rabbi Yosei HaGelili says: According to the size of the crowd, they recite the blessing, as it is stated: “Bless you God in full assemblies, even the Lord, you who are from the fountain of Israel”</b> (Psalms 68:27). <b>Rabbi Akiva said</b> that there are no distinctions based on the size of the crowd: <b>What do we find in the synagogue? Both</b> when there are <b>many and</b> when there are <b>few,</b> as long as there is a quorum of ten, the prayer leader <b>says: Bless [<i>barekhu</i>] the Lord. Rabbi Yishmael said</b> that in the synagogue, one recites: <b>Bless the Lord the blessed One.</b> ",
|
62 |
+
"<b>Three</b> people <b>who ate as one are not permitted to divide</b> and recite Grace after Meals individually; rather, they recite the <i>zimmun</i> together. <b>And the same</b> is true of <b>four</b> who ate together, <b>and the same</b> is true of <b>five.</b> However, a group of <b>six, up to</b> but not including <b>ten</b> people who ate as one, <b>may divide</b> into two groups, each reciting its own <i>zimmun</i>. <b>And</b> a group of <b>ten may not divide</b> into two groups <b>until there are twenty</b> people present. The general principle is that a group may not divide unless the smaller groups will be able to recite the same <i>zimmun</i> formula that the whole group would have recited.",
|
63 |
+
"The mishna states a <i>halakha</i> with regard to two groups joining together: <b>Two groups that were eating in one house, when some</b> members of each group <b>can see each other, they may combine to</b> form a <b><i>zimmun</i>. And if not, these recite a <i>zimmun</i> for themselves and those recite a <i>zimmun</i> for themselves.</b> The mishna also speaks of the blessing over wine: <b>One does not recite a blessing over wine until he adds water to it,</b> that is <b>the statement of Rabbi Eliezer.</b> Undiluted wine is too strong to drink and a blessing is inappropriate. <b>And the Rabbis say:</b> Since it is possible to drink undiluted wine, one <b>recites a blessing over it.</b>"
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<b>These</b> are the <b>matters</b> of dispute <b>between Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel with regard to</b> the <i>halakhot</i> of <b>a meal:</b> One dispute concerns the order of blessings in <i>kiddush</i>. <b>Beit Shammai say:</b> When one recites <i>kiddush</i> over wine, <b>one recites a blessing over the</b> sanctification of the <b>day and recites a blessing over the wine thereafter. And Beit Hillel say: One recites a blessing over the wine and recites a blessing over the day thereafter.</b>",
|
67 |
+
"Similarly, Beit Hillel and Beit Shammai disagree with regard to drinking wine before a meal. <b>Beit Shammai say: One washes his hands and mixes</b> water with the wine in <b>the cup thereafter, and Beit Hillel say: One mixes</b> water with the wine in <b>the cup and</b> only <b>washes his hands thereafter.</b> The basis of this particular dispute is with regard to the laws of ritual purity, as the Gemara will explain below.",
|
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+
"Also with regard to the laws of ritual purity, <b>Beit Shammai say:</b> After washing, <b>one dries his hands with a cloth and places it on the table. And Beit Hillel say:</b> One places it <b>on the cushion</b> upon which he is sitting.",
|
69 |
+
"Similarly, <b>Beit Shammai say: One sweeps the</b> area of the <b>house</b> where the meal took place <b>and he washes his hands</b> with the final waters before Grace after Meals <b>thereafter. And Beit Hillel say: One washes his hands and sweeps the house thereafter.</b>",
|
70 |
+
"Just as they dispute the order of the blessings in <i>kiddush</i>, they dispute the order of the blessings in <i>havdala</i>. If a meal continued until the conclusion of Shabbat, <b>Beit Shammai say:</b> One recites the blessing over the <b>candle,</b> then the Grace after <b>Meals</b> blessing, then the blessing over the <b>spices,</b> and finally the blessing of <b><i>havdala</i>. And Beit Hillel say:</b> The order is <b>candle, spices,</b> Grace after <b>Meals, and <i>havdala</i>.</b> With regard to the blessing over the candle, <b>Beit Shammai say: Who created [<i>bara</i>] the light of fire. And Beit Hillel say: Who creates [<i>boreh</i>] the lights of fire.</b>",
|
71 |
+
"<b>One may neither recite a blessing over the candle nor over the spices of gentiles, nor over the candle nor the spices</b> designated to pay respects <b>to the dead, nor over the candle nor the spices of idolatry.</b> The mishna cites another <i>halakha</i> with regard to the blessing over the candle: <b>And one does not recite the blessing over the candle until he derives benefit from its light.</b>",
|
72 |
+
"The mishna cites an additional dispute: <b>One who ate and forgot and did not recite a blessing; Beit Shammai say: He returns to</b> the <b>place</b> where <b>he</b> ate <b>and recites the blessing. Beit Hillel say:</b> That is unnecessary. <b>He recites the blessing at the place</b> where <b>he remembered.</b> Both agree, however, that there is a limit with regard to how long after eating one may recite Grace after Meals. <b>And until when does he recite the blessing? Until the food is digested in his intestines.</b>",
|
73 |
+
"<b>Wine came before</b> the diners <b>after the meal; if only that cup</b> of wine <b>is there, Beit Shammai say: One recites a blessing over the wine and recites a blessing over the food,</b> Grace after Meals, <b>thereafter. And Beit Hillel say: One recites a blessing over the food and recites a blessing over the wine thereafter.</b> <b>And one answers amen after a Jew who recites a blessing</b> even if he did not hear the entire blessing, <b>and one does not answer amen after a Samaritan [<i>Kuti</i>] who recites a blessing until he hears the whole blessing in its entirety,</b> as perhaps the <i>Kuti</i> introduced an element inconsistent with the Jewish faith in that section of the blessing that he did not hear."
|
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+
],
|
75 |
+
[
|
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+
"This mishna, which includes all of this chapter’s <i>mishnayot</i>, contains a series of blessings and <i>halakhot</i> that are not recited at specific times, but rather in response to various experiences and events.<br><strong>MISHNA:<strong> <span class=\"gemarra-regular\">One who sees a place where miracles occurred</span><span class=\"gemarra-regular\"> on Israel’s behalf recites: Blessed…Who performed miracles </span><span class=\"gemarra-regular\">for our forefathers in this place. </span>One who sees<span class=\"gemarra-regular\"> a </span><span class=\"gemarra-regular\">place from which idolatry was eradicated recites: Blessed…Who eradicated </span><span class=\"gemarra-regular\">idolatry from our land.</span> </strong></strong>",
|
77 |
+
"One who sees conspicuous natural occurrences recites a blessing. <b>For <i>zikin</i> and <i>zeva’ot</i>,</b> which the Gemara will discuss below, <b>for lightning, thunder,</b> and gale force <b>winds,</b> manifestations of the power of the Creator, one <b>recites: Blessed…Whose strength and power fill the world. For</b> extraordinary (Rambam) <b>mountains, hills, seas, rivers, and deserts, one recites: Blessed…Author of creation.</b> Consistent with his opinion that a separate blessing should be instituted for each individual species, <b>Rabbi Yehuda says: One who sees the great sea recites</b> a special blessing: <b>Blessed…Who made the great sea.</b> As with all blessings of this type, one only recites it <b>when he sees</b> the sea <b>intermittently,</b> not on a regular basis. <b>For rain and</b> other <b>good tidings, one recites</b> the special blessing: <b>Blessed…Who is good and Who does good.</b> Even <b>for bad tidings, one recites</b> a special blessing: <b>Blessed…the true Judge.</b>",
|
78 |
+
" Similarly, when <b>one built a new house or purchased new vessels, he recites: Blessed…Who has given us life, sustained us, and brought us to this time.</b> The mishna articulates a general principle: <b>One recites a blessing for the bad</b> that befalls him <b>just as</b> he does <b>for the good.</b> In other words, one recites the appropriate blessing for the trouble that he is experiencing at present despite the fact that it may conceal some positive element in the future. <b>Similarly,</b> one must recite a blessing for <b>the good</b> that befalls him <b>just as for the bad.</b> The mishna states: <b>And one who cries out over the past</b> in an attempt to change that which has already occurred, <b>it is a vain prayer.</b> For example, <b>one whose wife was pregnant and he says: May it be</b> God’s <b>will that my wife will give birth to a male child, it is a vain prayer.</b> Or <b>one who was walking on the path</b> home <b>and he heard the sound of a scream in the city, and he says: May it be</b> God’s <b>will that</b> this scream <b>will not be from my house, it is a vain prayer.</b> In both cases, the event already occurred.",
|
79 |
+
"The Sages also said: <b>One who enters a large city,</b> the Gemara explains below that this is in a case where entering the city is dangerous, <b>recites two prayers: One upon his entrance,</b> that he may enter in peace, <b>and one upon his exit,</b> that he may leave in peace. <b>Ben Azzai says:</b> He recites <b>four</b> prayers, <b>two upon his entrance and two upon his exit.</b> In addition to praying that he may enter and depart in peace, he <b>gives thanks for the past and cries out</b> in prayer <b>for the future.</b> ",
|
80 |
+
"The mishna articulates a general principle: <b>One is obligated to recite a blessing for the bad</b> that befalls him <b>just as he recites a blessing for the good</b> that befalls him, <b>as it is stated: “And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart,</b> with all your soul, and with all your might” (Deuteronomy 6:5). The mishna explains this verse as follows: “<b>With all your heart”</b> means <b>with your two inclinations, with your good inclination and your evil inclination,</b> both of which must be subjugated to the love of God. <b>“With all your soul”</b> means <b>even if God takes your soul. “And with all your might”</b> means <b>with all your money,</b> as money is referred to in the Bible as might. <b>Alternatively,</b> it may be explained that “<b>with all your might”</b> means <b>with every measure that He metes out to you;</b> whether it is good or troublesome, <b>thank Him.</b> The mishna teaches several Temple-related <i>halakhot</i>. <b>One may not act irreverently</b> or conduct himself flippantly <b>opposite the eastern gate</b> of the Temple Mount, <b>which is aligned opposite the Holy of Holies.</b> In deference to the Temple, one <b>may not enter the Temple Mount with his staff, his shoes, his money belt [<i>punda</i>], or</b> even <b>the dust on his feet. One may not make</b> the Temple <b>a shortcut</b> to pass through it, <b>and through an <i>a fortiori</i> inference,</b> all the more so <b>one may not spit</b> on the Temple Mount. The mishna relates: <b>At the conclusion of all blessings</b> recited <b>in the Temple, those</b> reciting the blessing <b>would say:</b> Blessed are You Lord, God of Israel, <b>until everlasting [<i>haolam</i>]</b>, the world. But <b>when the Sadducees strayed and declared</b> that <b>there is but one world</b> and there is no World-to-Come, the Sages <b>instituted that</b> at the conclusion of the blessing <b>one recites: From everlasting [<i>haolam</i>] to everlasting [<i>haolam</i>]</b>. The Sages also <b>instituted that one should greet another in the name</b> of God, i.e., one should mention God’s name in his greeting, <b>as it is stated: “And presently Boaz came from Bethlehem and said to the harvesters, The Lord is with you, and they said to him, May the Lord bless you”</b> (Ruth 2:4). <b>And it says:</b> “And the angel of God appeared to him <b>and said to him, God is with you, mighty man of valor”</b> (Judges 6:12). <b>And it says: “And despise not your mother when she is old”</b> (Proverbs 23:22), i.e., one must not neglect customs which he inherits. <b>And</b> lest you say that mentioning God’s name is prohibited, <b>it says: “It is time to work for the Lord; they have made void Your Torah”</b> (Psalms 119:126), i.e., it is occasionally necessary to negate biblical precepts in order to perform God’s will, and greeting another is certainly God’s will. <b>Rabbi Natan says</b> another interpretation of the verse: <b>“Make void Your Torah” because “it is the time to work for the Lord,”</b> i.e., occasionally it is necessary to negate biblical precepts in order to bolster the Torah."
|
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|
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ADDED
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"<small>א</small>\nמֵאֵמָּתַי קוֹרִין אֶת שְׁמַע בַּעֲרָבִים? \nמִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהַכֹּהֲנִים נִכְנָסִים לֹאכַל בִּתְרוּמָתָן, \nעַד סוֹף הָאַשְׁמֹרֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nעַד חֲצוֹת. \nרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nעַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר. \n\n<small>ב</small>\nמַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבָּאוּ בָנָיו מִבֵּית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה; \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \n\"לֹא קָרִינוּ אֶת שְׁמַע.\"\n אָמַר לָהֶם: \n\"אִם לֹא עָלָה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר, \nמֻתָּרִין אַתֶּם לִקְרוֹת\". \n\n<small>ג</small>\nוְלֹא זוֹ בִלְבַד, \nאֶלָּא כָל שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים \"עַד חֲצוֹת\", \nמִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר.\n\n<small>ד</small> \nהֶקְטֵר חֲלָבִים וְאֵבָרִים, [וַאֲכִילַת פְּסָחִים] \nמִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר; \n\n<small>ה</small>\nכָּל הַנֶּאֱכָלִים לְיוֹם אֶחָד, \nמִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר. \n\n<small>ו</small>\nאִם כֵּן, לָמָּה אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים \"עַד חֲצוֹת\"? \nאֶלָּא לְהַרְחִיק אֶת הָאָדָם מִן הָעֲבֵירָה.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ז</small>\nמֵאֵמָּתַי קוֹרִין אֶת שְׁמַע בַּשְּׁחָרִים? \nמִשֶּׁיַּכִּירוּ בֵין תְּכֵלֶת לַלָּבָן; \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nבֵּין תְּכֵלֶת לַכָּרַתָּן, \nעַד הָנֵץ הַחַמָּה. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nעַד שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת, \nשֶׁכֵּן דֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי מְלָכִין לַעֲמֹד בְּשָׁלוֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת. \nהַקּוֹרֵא מִכָּן וְאֶלָּךְ לֹא הִפְסִיד, \nכְּאָדָם שֶׁהוּא קוֹרֵא בַתּוֹרָה.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ח</small>\nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nבָּעֶרֶב כָּל הָאָדָם יַטּוּ וְיִקְרוּ, \nוּבַבֹּקֶר יַעַמֹדוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: \n(דְּבָרִים ו, ז) \"בְּשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ\". \nבֵּית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nכָּל הָאָדָם קוֹרִין כְּדַרְכָּן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: \n(דְּבָרִים ו, ז) \"וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶּרֶךְ\". \nאִם כֵּן, לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר \"בְּשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ\"? \nאֶלָּא, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם שׁוֹכְבִים, \nוּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם עוֹמְדִין. \n\n<small>ט</small>\nאָמַר רֶבִּי טַרְפוֹן: \nאֲנִי הָיִיתִי בָא בַדֶּרֶךְ, \nוְהִטֵּיתִי לִקְרוֹת, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי, \nוְסִכַּנְתִּי בְעַצְמִי מִפְּנֵי הַלֵּסְטִים. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nכְּדַי הָיִיתָ לָחוּב בְּעַצְמָךְ, \nשֶׁעָבַרְתָּ עַל דִּבְרֵי בֵית הֶלֵּל.\n",
|
24 |
+
"<small>י</small>\nבַּשַּׁחַר מְבָרֵךְ שְׁתַּיִם לְפָנֶיהָ וְאַחַת לְאַחֲרֶיהָ, \nוּבָעֶרֶב שְׁתַּיִם לְפָנֶיהָ וּשְׁתַּיִם לְאַחֲרֶיהָ, \nאַחַת אֲרֻכָּה, וְאַחַת קְצָרָה. \nמָקוֹם שֶׁאָמְרוּ לְהַאֲרִיךְ, אֵינוּ רַשַּׁי לְקַצֵּר; \nלְקַצֵּר, אֵינוּ רַשַּׁי לְהַאֲרִיךְ. \nלַחְתֹּם, אֵינוּ רַשַּׁי שֶׁלֹּא לַחְתֹּם; \nוְשֶׁלֹּא לַחְתֹּם, אֵינוּ רַשַּׁי לַחְתֹּם.\n",
|
25 |
+
"<small>יא</small>\nמַזְכִּירִין יְצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם בַּלֵּילוֹת. \nאָמַר רְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה: \nהֲרֵ�� אֲנִי כְבֶן שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה, \nוְלֹא זָכִיתִי שֶׁתֵּאָמֵר יְצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם בַּלֵּילוֹת, \nעַד שֶׁדְּרָשָׁהּ בֶּן זוֹמָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: \n(דְּבָרִים טז, ג) \"לְמַעַן תִּזְכֹּר אֶת יוֹם צֵאתְךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, \nכֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ\", \n\"יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ\" הַיָּמִים, \n\"כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ\" הַלֵּילוֹת. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \n\"יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ\" הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, \n\"כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ\" לְהָבִיא אֶת ימוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ.\n\n\n"
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<small>א</small>\nהָיָה קוֹרֵא בַתּוֹרָה, וְהִגִּיעַ זְמַן הַמִּקְרָא; \nאִם כִּוֵּן אֶת לִבּוֹ, יָצָא, \nוְאִם לָאו, לֹא יָצָא. \nוּבַפְּרָקִים, \nשׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד וּמֵשִׁיב, \nוּבָאֶמְצַע, \nשׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַיִּרְאָה וּמֵשִׁיב, \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nבָּאֶמְצַע, \nשׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַיִּרְאָה, וּמֵשִׁיב מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד, \nוּבַפְּרָקִים, \nשׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד, וּמֵשִׁיב שָׁלוֹם לְכָל הָאָדָם.\n",
|
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+
"אֵלּוּ הֵן בֵּין הַפְּרָקִים: \nבֵּין בְּרָכָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה לַשְּׁנִיָּה, \nוּבֵין שְׁנִיָּה לִ\"שְׁמַע\", \nוּבֵין \"שְׁמַע\" לִ\"וְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ\", \nבֵּין \"וְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ\" לְ\"וַיֹּאמֶר\", \nבֵּין \"וַיֹּאמֶר\" לֶ\"אֱמֶת וְיַצִּיב\". \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nבֵּין \"וַיֹּאמֶר\" לֶ\"אֱמֶת וְיַצִּיב\", \nלֹא יַפְסִיק. \n\n<small>ג</small>\nאָמַר רֶבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן קָרְחָה: \nוְלָמָּה קָדְמָה \"שְׁמַע\" לִ\"וְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ\" ? \nאֶלָּא יְקַבֵּל עָלָיו מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם תְּחִלָּה, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ יְקַבֵּל עָלָיו עֹל מִצְוֹת. \n\"וְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ\" לְ\"וַיֹּאמֶר\" ? \nשֶׁ\"וְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ\" נוֹהֵג בַּיּוֹם וּבַלַּיְלָה, \n\"וַיֹּאמֶר\" אֵינוּ נוֹהֵג אֶלָּא בַיּוֹם.\n",
|
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"<small>ד</small>\nהַקּוֹרֵא אֶת שְׁמַע וְלֹא הִשְׁמִיעַ לְאָזְנוֹ, \nיָצָא. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא יָצָא. \nקָרָא וְלֹא דִקְדֵּק בְּאוֹתוֹתֶיהָ, \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nיָצָא. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא יָצָא. \nהַקּוֹרֵא לְמַפְרֵעַ לֹא יָצָא. \nקָרָא וְטָעָה, יַחְזֹר לִמְקוֹם שֶׁטָּעָה. \n ",
|
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+
"<small>ה</small>\nהָאֻמָּנִים קוֹרִין בְּרֹאשׁ הָאִילָּן אוֹ בְרֹאשׁ הַנִּדְבָּךְ, \nמַה שֶּׁאֵינָן רַשָּׁיִים לַעֲשׁוֹת כֵּן בַּתְּפִלָּה.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ו</small>\nחָתָן פָּטוּר מִקִּרְיַת שְׁמַע בְּלַיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן, \nוְעַד מוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת, אִם לֹא עָשָׂה מַעֲשֶׂה. \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל שֶׁקָּרָא בְלַיְלָה שֶׁנָּשָׂא. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nלֹא לִמַּדְתָּנוּ שֶׁחָתָן פָּטוּר מִקִּרְיַת שְׁמַע בְּלַיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן? \nאָמַר לָהֶן: \nאֵינִי שׁוֹמֵעַ לָכֶם \nלְבַטֵּל מִמֶּנִּי מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם שָׁעָה אַחַת.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ז</small>\nרָחַץ בְּלַיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁמֵּתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nלֹא לִמַּדְתָּנוּ שֶׁאָבֵל אָסוּר לִרְחוֹץ? \nאָמַר לָהֶם: \nאֵינִי כִשְׁאָר כָּל הָאָדָם, אַסְטְנֵס אָנִי.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ח</small>\nוּכְשֶׁמֵּת טְבִי עַבְדּוֹ, \nקִבֵּל עָלָיו תַּנְחוּמִים. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ תַלְמִידָיו: \nלֹא לִמַּדְתָּנוּ שֶׁאֵין מְקַבְּלִין תַּנְחוּמִין עַל הָעֲבָדִים? \nאָמַר לָהֶם: \nאֵין טְבִי עַבְדִּי כִשְׁאָר כָּל הָעֲבָדִים, \nכָּשֵׁר הָיָה.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ט</small>\nחָתָן, \nאִם רוֹצֶה לִקְרוֹת אֶת שְׁמַע בְּלַיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן, \nקוֹרֵא. \nרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא כָל הָרוֹצֶה לִטּוֹל אֶת הַשֵּׁם יִטֹּל.\n\n\n\n "
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<small>א</small>\nמִי שֶׁמֵּתוֹ מֻטָּל לְפָנָיו, \nפָּטוּר מִקִּרְיַת שְׁמַע וּמִן הַתְּפִלִּין. \nנוֹשְׂאֵי הַמִּטָּה וְחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וְחִלּוּפֵי חִלּוּפֵיהֶן, \nאֶת שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמִּטָּה, וְאֶת שֶׁלְּאַחַר הַמִּטָּה; \nאֶת שֶׁלַּמִּטָּה צֹרֶךְ בָּהֶן פְּטוּרִין, \nוְאֶת שֶׁאֵין לַמִּטָּה צֹרֶךְ בָּהֶן חַיָּבִין. \nאֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ פְּטוּרִין מִן הַתְּפִלָּה.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ב</small>\nקָבְרוּ אֶת הַמֵּת וְחָזָרוּ, \nאִם יְכוּלִין לְהַתְחִיל וְלִגְמוֹר \nעַד שֶׁלֹּא יַגִּיעוּ לַשּׁוּרָה, \nיַתְחִילוּ; \nוְאִם לָאו, \nלֹא יַתְחִילוּ. \nהָעוֹמְדִין בַּשּׁוּרָה, \nהַפְּנִימִין פְּטוּרִין, \nוְהַחִיצוֹנִין חַיָּבִין.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ג</small>\nנָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים, \nפְּטוּרִין מִקִּרְיַת שְׁמַע וּמִן הַתְּפִלִּין, \nוְחַיָּבִין בַּתְּפִלָּה וּבַמְּזוּזָה וּבְבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן.\n",
|
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"<small>ד</small>\nבַּעַל קֶרִי, \nמְהַרְהֵר בְּלִבּוֹ וְאֵינוּ מְבָרֵךְ, \nלֹא לְפָנֶיהָ וְלֹא לְאַחֲרֶיהָ; \nוְעַל הַמָּזוֹן, \nמְבָרֵךְ לְאַחֲרָיו, וְאֵינוּ מְבָרֵךְ לְפָנָיו. \nרֶבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nמְבָרֵךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם וּלְאַחֲרֵיהֶם.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ה</small>\nהָיָה עוֹמֵד בַּתְּפִלָּה, \nוְנִזְכַּר שֶׁהוּא בַּעַל קֶרִי, \nלֹא יַפְסִיק, אֶלָּא יְקַצֵּר. \nיָרַד לִטְבּוֹל, \nאִם יָכוֹל לַעֲלוֹת וּלְהִתְכַּסּוֹת, \nוְלִקְרוֹת עַד שֶׁלֹּא תָנֵץ הַחַמָּה, \nיַעֲלֶה וְיִתְכַּסֶּה וְיִקְרֵא; \nוְאִם לָאו, \nיִתְכַּסֶּה בַמַּיִם וְיִקְרֵא. \nאֲבָל לֹא יִתְכַּסֶּה \nלֹא בְמַיִם הָרָעִים וְלֹא בְמֵי הַמִּשְׁרָה, \nעַד שֶׁיָּטִיל לְתוֹכָן מַיִם. \nכַּמָּה יַרְחִיק מֵהֶן, מִן הַצּוֹאָה? \nאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ו</small>\nזָב שֶׁרָאָה קֶרִי, \nוְנִדָּה שֶׁפָּלְטָה שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, \nוְהַמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת שֶׁרָאַת נִדָּה, \nצְרִיכִין טְבִילָה; \nרֶבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹטֵר.\n\n\n"
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<small>א</small>\nתְּפִלַּת הַשַּׁחַר, עַד חֲצוֹת; \nרֶבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nעַד אַרְבַּע שָׁעוֹת. \nתְּפִלַּת הַמִּנְחָה עַד הָעֶרֶב; \nרֶבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nעַד פְּלַג הַמִּנְחָה. \nתְּפִלַּת הָעֶרֶב, אֵין לָהּ קֶבַע. \nוְשֶׁלַּמּוּסָפִים כָּל הַיּוֹם; \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nעַד שֶׁבַע שָׁעוֹת.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ב</small>\nרֶבִּי נְחוֹנְיָא בֶן הַקָּנָה הָיָה מִתְפַּלֵּל \nבִּכְנֵיסָתוֹ לְבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ וּבִיצִיאָתוֹ תְפִלָּה קְצָרָה. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nמַה מָּקוֹם לִתְפִלָּה זוֹ? \nאָמַר לָהֶם: \n\"בִּכְנֵיסָתִי אֲנִי מִתְפַּלֵּל \nשֶׁלֹּא תֶאֱרַע תַּקָּלָה עַל יָדִי, \nוּבִיצִיאָתִי אֲנִי נוֹתֵן הוֹדָיָה עַל חֶלְקִי.\"\n",
|
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+
"<small>ג</small>\nרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nבְּכָל יוֹם מִתְפַּלֵּל אָדָם שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. \nרֶבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nמֵעֵין שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. \nרֶבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nאִם שָׁגְרָה תְפִלָּתוֹ בְפִיו, \nמִתְפַּלֵּל שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה; \nוְאִם לָאו, \nמֵעֵין שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ד</small>\nרֶבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nהָעוֹשֶׂה תְפִלָּתוֹ קֶבַע, \nאֵין תְּפִלָּתוֹ תַחֲנוּנִים. \nרֶבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nהַמְּהַלֵּךְ בִּמְקוֹם סַכָּנָה, \nמִתְפַּלֵּל תְּפִלָּה קְצָרָה מֵעֵין שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה, \nוְאוֹמֵר: \n\"הוֹשַׁע הַשֵּׁם אֶת עַמְּךָ אֵת יִשְׂרָאֵל; \nכָּל פָּרָשַׁת הָעִבּוּר צָרְכֵיהֶם לְפָנֶיךָ; \nבָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יי שׁוֹמֵעַ תְּפִלָּה\".\n",
|
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+
"<small>ה</small>\nהָיָה רָכוּב עַל הַחֲמוֹר, \nיֵרֵד; \nאִם אֵינוּ יָכוֹל לֵירֵד, \nיַחְזִיר אֶת פָּנָיו; \nאִם אֵינוּ יָכוֹל לְהַחְזִיר אֶת פָּנָיו, \nיְכַוֵּן אֶת לִבּוֹ כְנֶגֶד בֵּית קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ו</small>\nהָיָה יוֹשֵׁב בִּסְפִינָה, אוֹ בְקָרוֹן, אוֹ בְאַסְדָּא, \nיְכַוֵּן אֶת לִבּוֹ כְנֶגֶד בֵּית קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים.\n",
|
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+
"רֶבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין תְּפִלַּת הַמּוּסָפִים אֶלָּא בַחֲבַר עִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nבַּחֲבַר עִיר וְשֶׁלֹּא בַחֲבַר עִיר. \nרֶבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מִשְּׁמוֹ: \nכָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֶּשׁ חֲבַר עִיר, \nהַיָּחִיד פָּטוּר מִתְּפִלַּת הַמּוּסָפִין.\n\n\n"
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<small>א</small>\nאֵין עוֹמְדִין לְהִתְפַּלֵּל אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ כֹּבֶד רֹאשׁ. \nחֲסִידִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים \nהָיוּ שׁוֹהִים שָׁעָה אַחַת וּמִתְפַּלְּלִים, \nכְּדֵי שֶׁיְּכַוְּנוּ אֶת לִבָּם לַמָּקוֹם. \nוַאֲפִלּוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ שׁוֹאֵל בִּשְׁלוֹמוֹ, \nלֹא יְשִׁיבֶנּוּ; \nאֲפִלּוּ נָחָשׁ כָּרוּךְ עַל עֲקֵבוֹ, \nלֹא יַפְסִיק.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ב</small>\nמַזְכִּירִין גְּבוּרוֹת גְּשָׁמִים בִּתְּחַיַּת הַמֵּתִים, \nוְשׁוֹאֲלִים גְּשָׁמִים בְּבִרְכַּת הַשָּׁנִים, \nוְהַבְדָּלָה בְחוֹנֵן הַדַּעַת. \nרֶבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nאוֹמְרָהּ בְּרָכָה רְבִיעִית לְעַצְמָהּ. \nרֶבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nבַּהוֹדָיָה.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ג</small>\nהָאוֹמֵר: \n\"עַל קַן צִפּוֹר יַגִּיעוּ רַחֲמֶיךָ\", \nוְ\"עַל טוֹב יִזָּכֵר שְׁמֶךָ\", \n\"מוֹדִים, מוֹדִים\" \nמְשַׁתְּקִים אוֹתוֹ. \nהָעוֹבֵר לִפְנֵי הַתֵּבָה וְטָעָה, \nיַעֲבוֹר אַחֵר תַּחְתָּיו, \nלֹא יְהֵא סָרְבָן בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה. \nמְנַיִן הוּא מַתְחִיל? \nמִתְּחִלַּת הַבְּרָכָה שֶׁטָּעָה זֶה.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ד</small>\nהָעוֹבֵר לִפְנֵי הַתֵּבָה \nלֹא יַעֲנֶה אַחַר הַכֹּהֲנִים \"אָמֵן\", \nמִפְּנֵי הַטֵּרוּף. \nוְאִם אֵין שָׁם כֹּהֵן אֶלָּא הוּא, \nלֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת כַּפָּיו. \nוְאִם אַבְטָחָתוֹ הִיא \nשֶׁהוּא נוֹשֵׂא אֶת כַּפָּיו וְחוֹזֵר לִתְפִלָּתוֹ, \nרַשַּׁי.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ה</small>\nהַמִּתְפַּלֵּל וְטָעָה, \nסִימָן רַע לוֹ; \nוְאִם שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר הוּא, \nסִימָן רַע לְשׁוֹלְחָיו, \nשֶׁשְּׁלוּחוֹ שֶׁלָּאָדָם כְּמוֹתוֹ. \nאָמְרוּ עָלָיו, עַל רֶבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶן דּוֹסָה, \nשֶׁהָיָה מִתְפַּלֵּל עַל הַחוֹלִין, וְאוֹמֵר: \n\"זֶה חַי\", וְ\"זֶה מֵת\". \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \nמְנַיִן אַתָּה יוֹדֵעַ? \nאָמַר לָהֶם: \nאִם שָׁגְרָה תְפִלָּתִי בְּפִי, \nיוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁהוּא מְקֻבָּל; \nוְאִם לָאו, \nיוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁהוּא מְטֹרָף.\n\n\n"
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<small>א</small>\nכֵּיצַד מְבָרְכִין עַל הַפֵּרוֹת? \nעַל פֵּרוֹת הָאִילָן הוּא אוֹמֵר: \n\"בּוֹרֵא פְרִי הָעֵץ\", \nחוּץ מִן הַיַּיִן, \nשֶׁעַל הַיַּיִן הוּא אוֹמֵר: \n\"בּוֹרֵא פְרִי הַגֶּפֶן\". \nוְעַל פֵּרוֹת הָאָרֶץ הוּא אוֹמֵר: \n\"בּוֹרֵא פְרִי הָאֲדָמָה\", \nחוּץ מִן הַפַּת, \nשֶׁעַל הַפַּת הוּא אוֹמֵר: \n\"הַמּוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ\". \nוְעַל הַיְרָקוֹת הוּא אוֹמֵר: \n\"בּוֹרֵא פְרִי הָאֲדָמָה\". \nרֶבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \n\"בּוֹרֵא מִינֵי דְשָׁאִים\".\n",
|
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+
"<small>ב</small>\nבֵּרַךְ עַל פֵּרוֹת הָאִילָן \"בּוֹרֵא פְרִי הָאֲדָמָה\", \nיָצָא; \nוְעַל פֵּרוֹת הָאָרֶץ \"בּוֹרֵא פְרִי הָעֵץ\", \nלֹא יָצָא. \nוְעַל כֻּלָּם, אִם אָמַר \"שֶׁהַכֹּל נִהְיָה בִדְבָרוֹ\", \nיָצָא.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ג</small>\nעַל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין גִּדּוּלָיו מִן הָאָרֶץ אוֹמֵר: \n\"שֶׁהַכֹּל נִהְיָה בִדְבָרוֹ\". \nעַל הַחֹמֶץ וְעַל הַגּוֹבַאי וְעַל הַנּוֹבְלוֹת הוּא אוֹמֵר: \n\"שֶׁהַכֹּל נִהְיָה בִדְבָרוֹ\". \nרֶבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל שֶׁהוּא מִין קְלָלָה, אֵין מְבָרְכִין עָלָיו.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ד</small>\nהָיוּ לְפָנָיו מִינִים הַרְבֵּה, \nרֶבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאִם יֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶן מִמִּין שִׁבְעָה, \nעָלָיו הוּא מְבָרֵךְ. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nמְבָרֵךְ עַל אֵיזֶה מֵהֶן שֶׁיִּרְצֶה.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ה</small>\nבֵּרַךְ עַל הַיַּיִן שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמָּזוֹן, \nפָּטַר אֶת הַיַּיִן שֶׁלְּאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן. \nבֵּרַךְ עַל הַפַּרְפֶּרֶת שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמָּזוֹן, \nפָּטַר אֶת הַפַּרְפֶּרֶת שֶׁלְּאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן. \nבֵּרַךְ עַל הַפַּת, \nפָּטַר אֶת הַפַּרְפְּרָיוֹת; \nעַל הַפַּרְפְּרָיוֹת, \nלֹא פָטַר אֶת הַפַּת. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאַף לֹא מַעֲשֵׂה קְדֵרָה.\n",
|
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"<small>ו</small>\nהָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִין, \nכָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְעַצְמוֹ; \nהֵסַבּוּ, \nאֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְכֻלָּם. \nבָּא לָהֶם יַיִן בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּזוֹן, \nכָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְעַצְמוֹ; \nלְאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן, \nאֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְכֻלָּם, וְאוֹמֵר עַל הַמִּגְמָר, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין מְבִיאִין אֶת הַמִּגְמָר \nאֶלָּא לְאַחַר הַסְּעוֹדָה.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ז</small>\nהֵבִיאוּ לוֹ מָלִיחַ כַּתְּחִלָּה וּפַת עִמּוֹ, \nמְבָרֵךְ עַל הַמָּלִיחַ וּפוֹטֵר אֶת הַפַּת, \nשֶׁהַפַּת טְפֵלָה לוֹ. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nכָּל שֶׁהוּא עִקָּר וְעִמּוֹ טְפֵלָה, \nמְבָרֵךְ עַל הָעִקָּר וּפוֹטֵר אֶת הַטְּפֵלָה.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ח</small>\nאָכַל תְּאֵנִים וַעֲנָבִים וְרִמּוֹנִים, \nמְבָרֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶן שָׁלוֹשׁ בְּרָכוֹת. \nדִּבְרֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nבְּרָכָה אַחַת. \nרֶבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֲפִלּוּ שֶׁאָכַל שֶׁלֶק, וְהוּא מְזוֹנוֹ, \nמְבָרֵךְ אַחֲרָיו שָׁלֹשׁ בְּרָכוֹת. \nהַשּׁוֹתֶה מַיִם לְצִמְאוֹ, \nאוֹמֵר \"שֶׁהַכֹּל נִהְיָה בִדְבָרוֹ\". \nרֶבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר: \n\"בּוֹרֵא נְפָשׁוֹת רַבּוֹת וְחֶסְרוֹנָן\".\n\n\n"
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<small>א</small>\nשְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁאָכְלוּ כְאַחַת חַיָּבִין לְזַמֵּן. \nאָכַל דְּמַאי, \nוּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, \nוּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, \nהַשַּׁמָּשׁ שֶׁאָכַל כַּזַּיִת, \nוְהַכּוּתִי, \nמְזַמְּנִין עֲלֵיהֶן. \n\n<small>ב</small>\nאֲבָל אָכַל טֶבֶל, \nוּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, \nוּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדּוּ, \nהַשַּׁמָּשׁ שֶׁאָכַל פָּחוּת מִכַּזַּיִת, \nוְהַנָּכְרִי, \nאֵין מְזַמְּנִין עֲלֵיהֶן.\n",
|
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"נָשִׁים, וַעֲבָדִים, וּקְטַנִּים, \nאֵין מְזַמְּנִין עֲלֵיהֶן. \nעַד כַּמָּה הֵן מְזַמְּנִין? \nעַד כַּזַּיִת. \nרֶבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nעַד כַּבֵּיצָה.\n",
|
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"<small>ד</small>\nכֵּיצַד מְזַמְּנִין? \nבִּשְׁלֹשָׁה אוֹמֵר \"נְבָרֵךְ\"; \nבִּשְׁלֹשָׁה וָהוּא אוֹמֵר \"בָּרְכוּ\". \nבַּעֲשָׂרָה אוֹמֵר \"נְבָרֵךְ לֵאלֹהֵינוּ\"; \nבַּעֲשָׂרָה וָהוּא אוֹמֵר \"בָּרְכוּ\". \nאֶחָד עֲשָׂרָה וְאֶחָד עֶשֶׂר רִבּוֹא. \n\n<small>ה</small>\nבְּמֵאָה אוֹמֵר \"נְבָרֵךְ לַיי אֱלֹהֵינוּ\"; \nבְּמֵאָה וָהוּא אוֹמֵר \"בָּרְכוּ\". \nבָּאֶלֶף אוֹמֵר \"נְבָרֵךְ לַיי אֱלֹהֵינוּ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל\"; \nבָּאֶלֶף וָהוּא אוֹמֵר \"בָּרְכוּ\". \nבָּרִבּוֹא אוֹמֵר \"נְבָרֵךְ לַיי אֱלֹהֵינוּ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, \nאֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת\"; \nבָּרִבּוֹא וָהוּא אוֹמֵר \"בָּרְכוּ\". \nכְּעִנְיָן שֶׁהוּא מְבָרֵךְ, כָּךְ עוֹנִין אַחֲרָיו: \n\"בָּרוּךְ יי אֱלֹהֵינוּ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת, \nיוֹשֵׁב הַכְּרוּבִים, עַל הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁאָכַלְנוּ\". \nרֶבִּי יוֹסֵה הַגָּלִילִי אוֹמֵר: \nלְפִי רֹב הַקָּהָל הֵם מְבָרְכִין, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (תְּהִלִּים סח, כז) \n\"בְּמַקְהֵלוֹת בָּרְכוּ אֱלהִים אֲדֹנָי מִמְּקוֹר יִשְׂרָאֵל\". \n\n<small>ו</small>\nאָמַר רֶבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nמַה מָּצִינוּ בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, \nאֶחָד מְרֻבִּים וְאֶחָד מְמֻעָטִים, \nאוֹמֵר \"בָּרְכוּ אֶת יי\". \nרֶבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: \n\"בָּרְכוּ אֶת יי הַמְּבֹרָךְ\".\n",
|
75 |
+
"<small>ז</small>\nשְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁאָכְלוּ כְאַחַת, \nאֵינָן רַשָּׁיִים לֵחָלֵק; \nוְכֵן אַרְבָּעָה, וְכֵן חֲמִשָּׁה. \nשִׁשָּׁה נֶחְלָקִין, עַד עֲשָׂרָה. \nוַעֲשָׂרָה אֵינָן נֶחְלָקִין, עַד שֶׁיְּהוּ עֶשְׂרִים.\n",
|
76 |
+
"<small>ח</small>\nשְׁתֵּי חֲבוֹרוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹכְלוֹת בְּבַיִת אֶחָד, \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁמִּקְצָתָן רוֹאִים אֵלּוּ אֶת אֵלּוּ, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִצְטָרְפִין לַזִּמּוּן. \nאִם לָאו, \nאֵלּוּ מְזַמְּנִין לְעַצְמָן וְאֵלּוּ מְזַמְּנִין לְעַצְמָן. \nאֵין מְבָרְכִין עַל הַיַּיִן, \nעַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן לְתוֹכוֹ מַיִם, \nדִּבְרֵי רֶבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִין: \nמְבָרְכִין.\n\n\n"
|
77 |
+
],
|
78 |
+
[
|
79 |
+
"<small>א</small>\nאֵלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁבֵּין בֵּית שַׁמַּי לְבֵית הֶלֵּל בִּסְעוֹדָה. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִין: \nמְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיּוֹם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיַּיִן. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִין: \nמְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיַּיִן, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיּוֹם.\n",
|
80 |
+
"<small>ב</small>\nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִין: \nנוֹטְלִים לַיָּדַיִם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מוֹזְגִין אֶת הַכּוֹס. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִין: \nמוֹזְגִין אֶת הַכּוֹס, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹטְלִים לַיָּדַיִם.\n",
|
81 |
+
"<small>ג</small>\nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִין: \nמְכַבְּדִין אֶת הַבַּיִת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹטְלִים לַיָּדַיִם. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִין: \nנוֹטְלִים לַיָּדַיִם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְכַבְּדִין אֶת הַבַּיִת.\n",
|
82 |
+
"<small>ד</small>\nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִין: \nמְקַנֵּחַ אֶת יָדָיו בַּמַּפָּא, וּמַנִּיחָהּ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִין: \nעַל הַכֶּסֶת.\n",
|
83 |
+
"<small>ה</small>\nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִין: \nנֵר, וּמָזוֹן, וּבְשָׂמִים, וְהַבְדָּלָה. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִין: \nנֵר, וּבְשָׂמִים, וּמָזוֹן, וְהַבְדָּלָה. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִין: \n\"שֶׁבָּרָא מְאוֹר הָאֵשׁ\". \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִין: \n\"בּוֹרֵא מְאוֹרֵי הָאֵשׁ\".\n",
|
84 |
+
"<small>ו</small>\nאֵין מְבָרְכִין \nלֹא עַל הַנֵּר וְלֹא עַל הַבְּשָׂמִים שֶׁלַּגּוֹיִם; \nוְלֹא עַל הַנֵּר וְלֹא עַל הַבְּשָׂמִים שֶׁלַּמֵּתִים; \nוְלֹא עַל הַנֵּר וְלֹא עַל הַבְּשָׂמִים שֶׁלִּפְנֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. \nאֵין מְבָרְכִין עַל הַנֵּר עַד שֶׁיֵּאוֹתוּ לְאוֹרוֹ.\n",
|
85 |
+
"<small>ז</small>\nמִי שֶׁאָכַל וְשָׁכַח וְלֹא בֵרַךְ, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִין: \nיַחְזֹר לִמְקוֹמוֹ וִיבָרֵךְ. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִין: \nיְבָרֵךְ בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁנִּזְכַּר. \nעַד אֶמָּתַי הוּא מְבָרֵךְ? \nעַד כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְאַכֵּל הַמָּזוֹן בְּמֵעָיו.\n",
|
86 |
+
"<small>ח</small>\nבָּא לָהֶן יַיִן לְאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן, \nוְאֵין שָׁם אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ הַכּוֹס, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִין: \nמְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיַּיִן, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַמָּזוֹן. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִין: \nמְבָרֵךְ עַל הַמָּזוֹן, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיַּיִן. \nעוֹנִין אָמֵן אַחַר יִשְׂרָאֵל הַמְבָרֵךְ, \nוְאֵין עוֹנִין אָמֵן אַחַר הַכּוּתִי הַמְבָרֵךְ, \nעַד שֶׁיִּשְׁמַע כָּל הַבְּרָכָה.\n\n\n"
|
87 |
+
],
|
88 |
+
[
|
89 |
+
"<small>א</small>\nהָרוֹאֶה מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּעֱשׁוּ בוֹ נִסִּים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, אוֹמֵר: \n\"בָּרוּךְ שֶׁעָשָׂה נִסִּים לַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ בַּמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה\". \nמָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּעְקְרָה מִמֶּנּוּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, אוֹמֵר: \n\"בָּרוּךְ שֶׁעָקַר עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מֵאַרְצֵנוּ\".\n",
|
90 |
+
"<small>ב</small>\nעַל הַזִּיקִים, וְעַל הַזּוֹעוֹת, וְעַל הַבְּרָקִים, \nוְעַל הָרְעָמִים, וְעַל הָרוּחוֹת, הוּא אוֹמֵר: \n\"בָּרוּךְ שֶׁכּחוֹ מָלֵא עוֹלָם\". \nעַל הֶהָרִים, וְעַל הַגְּבָעוֹת, \nוְעַל הַיַּמִּים, וְעַל הַנְּהָרוֹת, \nוְעַל הַמִּדְבָּרוֹת, הוּא אוֹמֵר: \n\"בָּרוּךְ עוֹשֶׂה בְרֵאשִׁית\". \nרֶבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nהָרוֹאֶה אֶת הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל אוֹמֵר: \n\"בָּרוּךְ שֶׁעָשָׂה אֶת הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל\", \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא רוֹאֶהוּ לִפְרָקִים. \nעַל הַגְּשָׁמִים, \nוְעַל בְּשׁוֹרוֹת טוֹבוֹת הוּא אוֹמֵר: \n\"בָּרוּךְ הַטּוֹב וְהַמֵּטִיב\"; \nוְעַל שְׁמוּעוֹת הָרָעוֹת הוּא אוֹמֵר: \n\"בָּרוּךְ דַּיַּן הָאֱמֶת\".\n",
|
91 |
+
"<small>ג</small>\nבָּנָה בַיִת חָדָשׁ, \nוְקָנָה כֵלִים חֲדָשִׁים, אוֹמֵר: \n\"בָּרוּךְ שֶׁהִגִּיעָנוּ לִזְמַן הַזֶּה\". \nמְבָרֵךְ עַל הָרָעָה מֵעֵין עַל הַטּוֹבָה, \nוְעַל הַטּוֹבָה מֵעֵין עַל הָרָעָה. \nהַצּוֹעֵק לְשֶׁעָבַר, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ תְפִלַּת שָׁוְא. \n\n<small>ד</small>\nכֵּיצַד? \nהָיְתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ מְעֻבֶּרֶת, וְאָמַר: \n\"יְהִי רָצוֹן שֶׁתֵּלֵד אִשְׁתִּי זָכָר\", \nהֲרֵי זוֹ תְפִלַּת שָׁוְא. \nהָיָה בָא בַדֶּרֶךְ, \nוְשָׁמַע קוֹל צְוָחוֹת בָּעִיר, וְאָמַר: \n\"יְהִי רָצוֹן שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּא אֵלּוּ בְתוֹךְ בֵּיתִי\", \nהֲרֵי זוֹ תְפִלַּת שָׁוְא.\n",
|
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+
"הַנִּכְנָס לִכְרַךְ מִתְפַּלֵּל שְׁתַּיִם, \nאַחַת בִּכְנֵיסָתוֹ וְאַחַת בִּיצִיאָתוֹ. \nבֶּן עַזַּי אוֹמֵר: \nאַרְבַּע, שְׁתַּיִם בִּכְנֵיסָתוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם בִּיצִיאָתוֹ. \nוְנוֹתֵן הוֹדָיָה לְשֶׁעָבַר, \nוְצוֹעֵק לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא.\n",
|
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+
"<small>ה</small>\nחַיָּב לְבָרֵךְ עַל הָרָעָה, \nכַּשֵּׁם שֶׁהוּא מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַטּוֹבָ��, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (דברים ו,ה) \n\"וְאָהַבְתָּ אֵת יי אֱלהֶיךָ, \nבְּכָל לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁךָ וּבְכָל מְאֹדֶךָ\". \n\"בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ\", בִּשְׁנֵי יְצָרֶיךָ, \nבְּיֵצֶר טוֹב וּבְיֵצֶר רָע; \n\"בְּכָל נַפְשְׁךָ\", אֲפִלּוּ הוּא נוֹטֵל אֶת נַפְשֶׁךָ; \n\"בְּכָל מְאֹדֶךָ\", בְּכָל מָמוֹנֶךָ. \nדָּבָר אַחֵר: \n\"בְּכָל מְאֹדֶךָ\", \nבְּכָל מִדָּה וּמִדָּה שֶׁהוּא מוֹדֵד לָךְ, \nבַּכֹּל הֱוֵי מוֹדֶה לוֹ בְּכָל מְאֹד מְאֹד. \n\n<small>ו</small>\nלֹא יָקֵל אָדָם אֶת רֹאשׁוֹ כְנֶגֶד שַׁעַר הַמִּזְרָח, \nשֶׁהוּא מְכֻוָּן כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים. \nלֹא יִכָּנֵס לְהַר הַבַּיִת בְּמַקְלוֹ וּבְמַנְעַלּוֹ, \nוּבַאֲפֻנְדָּתוֹ, וּבַאֲבַק שֶׁעַל רַגְלוֹ, \nוְלֹא יַעֲשֶׂנּוּ קַפַּנְדַּרְיָה, \nוּרְקִיקָה מִקַּל וָחֹמֶר. \n\n<small>ז</small>\nכָּל חוֹתַם הַבְּרָכוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ הָיוּ: \n\"מִן הָעוֹלָם\". \nמִשֶּׁקִּלְקְלוּ הַמִּינִים וְאָמְרוּ: \n\"אֵין עוֹלָם אֶלָּא אֶחָד\", \nהִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּא אוֹמְרִין: \n\"מִן הָעוֹלָם וְעַד הָעוֹלָם\". \nוְהִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא אָדָם שׁוֹאֵל אֶת שְׁלוֹם חֲבֵרוֹ בַשֵּׁם, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (רות ב,ד) \n\"וְהִנֵּה בֹעַז בָּא מִבֵּית לֶחֶם, \nוַיֹּאמֶר לַקּוֹצְרִים יי עִמָּכֶם, \nוַיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ, יְבָרֶכְךָ יי\". \nוְאוֹמֵר: (שופטים ו,יב) \n\"יי עִמְּךָ גִּבּוֹר הֶחָיִל\". \nוְאוֹמֵר: (משלי כג,כב) \n\"אַל תָּבוּז כִּי זָקְנָה אִמֶּךָ\". \n(תהלים קיט,קכו) \"עֵת לַעֲשׁוֹת לַיי הֵפֵרוּ תוֹרָתֶךָ\". \nרֶבִּי נָתָן אוֹמֵר: \nהֵפֵרוּ תוֹרָתֶךָ, עֵת לַעֲשׁוֹת לַיי. \n"
|
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+
]
|
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+
],
|
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+
"sectionNames": [
|
97 |
+
"Chapter",
|
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+
"Mishnah"
|
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+
]
|
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+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
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{
|
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"language": "he",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Berakhot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001741739",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"priority": 2.0,
|
8 |
+
"license": "Public Domain",
|
9 |
+
"digitizedBySefaria": true,
|
10 |
+
"heversionSource": "http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_ALEPH00174173",
|
11 |
+
"versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה, מהדורת בית דפוס ראם, וילנא 1913",
|
12 |
+
"actualLanguage": "he",
|
13 |
+
"languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
|
14 |
+
"isBaseText": true,
|
15 |
+
"isSource": true,
|
16 |
+
"isPrimary": true,
|
17 |
+
"direction": "rtl",
|
18 |
+
"heTitle": "משנה ברכות",
|
19 |
+
"categories": [
|
20 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
21 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
22 |
+
],
|
23 |
+
"text": [
|
24 |
+
[
|
25 |
+
"מאימתי קורין את שמע בערבית. משעה שהכהנים נכנסים לאכול בתרומתן. עד סוף האשמורה הראשונה דברי ר' אליעזר. וחכמים אומרים עד חצות. רבן גמליאל אומר עד שיעלה עמוד השחר. מעשה שבאו בניו מבית המשתה אמרו לו לא קרינו את שמע. אמר להם אם לא עלה עמוד השחר חייבין אתם לקרות ולא זו בלבד אלא כל מה שאמרו חכמים עד חצות מצותן עד שיעלה עמוד השחר. הקטר חלבים ואברים מצותן עד שיעלה עמוד השחר וכל הנאכלין ליום אחד מצותן עד שיעלה עמוד השחר. אם כן למה אמרו חכמים עד חצות כדי להרחיק אדם מן העבירה: ",
|
26 |
+
"מאימתי קורין את שמע בשחרית משיכיר בין תכלת ללבן רבי אליעזר אומר בין תכלת לכרתי וגומרה עד הנץ החמה. רבי יהושע אומר עד שלש שעות. שכן דרך בני מלכים לעמוד בשלש שעות הקורא מכאן ואילך לא הפסיד כאדם הקורא בתורה: ",
|
27 |
+
"בית שמאי אומרים בערב כל אדם יטו ויקראו ובבוקר יעמדו שנאמר (דברים ו, ז) ובשכבך ובקומך ובית הלל אומרים כל אדם קורא כדרכו שנאמר (שם) ובלכתך בדרך אם כן למה נאמר ובשכבך ובקומך בשעה שבני אדם שוכבים ובשעה שבני אדם עומדים אמר ר' טרפון אני הייתי בא בדרך והטיתי לקרות כדברי בית שמאי וסכנתי בעצמי מפני הלסטים אמרו לו כדי היית לחוב בעצמך שעברת על דברי בית הלל: ",
|
28 |
+
"בשחר מברך שתים לפניה ואחת לאחריה ובערב שתי' לפניה ושתי' לאחריה אחת ארוכה ואחת קצרה מקום שאמרו להאריך אינו רשאי לקצר לקצר אינו רשאי להאריך. לחתום אינו רשאי שלא לחתום. ושלא לחתום אינו רשאי לחתום: ",
|
29 |
+
"מזכירין יציאת מצרים בלילות. אמר ר' אלעזר בן עזריה הרי אני כבן שבעים שנה ולא זכיתי שתאמר יציאת מצרים בלילות עד שדרשה בן זומא שנאמר (דברים טז, ג) למען תזכור את יום צאתך מארץ מצרים כל ימי חייך ימי חייך הימים כל ימי חייך הלילות. וחכמים אומרים ימי חייך העולם הזה כל ימי חייך להביא לימות המשיח: "
|
30 |
+
],
|
31 |
+
[
|
32 |
+
"היה קורא בתורה והגיע זמן המקרא אם כיון לבו יצא ואם לאו לא יצא. בפרקים שואל מפני הכבוד ומשיב. ובאמצע שואל מפני היראה ומשיב דברי ר' מאיר. ר' יהודה אומר באמצע שואל מפני היראה ומשיב מפני הכבוד בפרקים שואל מפני הכבוד ומשיב שלום לכל אדם: ",
|
33 |
+
"אלו הן בין הפרקים בין ברכה ראשונה לשניה בין שניה לשמע ובין שמע לוהיה אם שמוע בין והיה אם שמוע לויאמר בין ויאמר לאמת ויציב. רבי יהודה אומר בין ויאמר לאמת ויציב לא יפסיק. אמר ר' יהושע בן קרחה למה קדמה שמע לוהיה אם שמוע אלא כדי שיקבל עליו עול מלכות שמים תחלה ואחר כך יקבל עליו עול מצות. והיה אם שמוע לויאמר שוהיה אם שמוע נוהג ביום ובלילה ויאמר אינו נוהג אלא ביום: ",
|
34 |
+
"הקורא את שמע ולא השמיע לאזנו יצא. רבי יוסי אומר לא יצא. קרא ולא דקדק באותיותיה רבי יוסי אומר יצא. ר' יהודה אומר לא יצא. הקורא למפרע לא יצא. קרא וטעה יחזור למקום שטעה: ",
|
35 |
+
"האומנין קורין בראש האילן או בראש הנדב�� מה שאינן רשאין לעשות כן בתפלה: ",
|
36 |
+
"חתן פטור מקריאת שמע בלילה הראשון עד מוצאי שבת אם לא עשה מעשה. מעשה ברבן גמליאל שקרא בלילה הראשון שנשא אמרו לו תלמידיו לא למדתנו רבינו שחתן פטור מקריאת שמע בלילה הראשון אמר להם איני שומע לכם לבטל ממני מלכות שמים אפילו שעה אחת: ",
|
37 |
+
"רחץ לילה הראשון שמתה אשתו אמרו לו תלמידיו לא למדתנו רבינו שאבל אסור לרחוץ אמר להם איני כשאר כל אדם אסטניס אני: ",
|
38 |
+
"וכשמת טבי עבדו קבל עליו תנחומין אמרו לו תלמידיו לא למדתנו רבינו שאין מקבלין תנחומין על העבדים אמר להם אין טבי עבדי כשאר כל העבדים כשר היה: ",
|
39 |
+
"חתן אם רצה לקרות קריאת שמע לילה הראשון קורא רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר לא כל הרוצה ליטול את השם יטול: "
|
40 |
+
],
|
41 |
+
[
|
42 |
+
"מי שמתו מוטל לפניו פטור מקריאת שמע מן התפלה ומן התפילין נושאי המטה וחלופיהן וחלופי חלופיהן את שלפני המטה ואת שלאחר המטה את שלמטה צורך בהן פטורין ואת שאין למטה צורך בהן חייבין. אלו ואלו פטורים מן התפלה: ",
|
43 |
+
"קברו את המת וחזרו אם יכולין להתחיל ולגמור עד שלא יגיעו לשורה יתחילו ואם לאו לא יתחילו העומדים בשורה הפנימים פטורים והחיצונים חייבין: ",
|
44 |
+
"נשים ועבדים וקטנים פטורין מקריאת שמע ומן התפילין וחייבין בתפלה ובמזוזה ובברכת המזון: ",
|
45 |
+
"בעל קרי מהרהר בלבו ואינו מברך לא לפניה ולא לאחריה. ועל המזון מברך לאחריו ואינו מברך לפניו. ר' יהודה אומר מברך לפניהם ולאחריהם: ",
|
46 |
+
"היה עומד בתפלה ונזכר שהוא בעל קרי לא יפסיק אלא יקצר. ירד לטבול אם יכול לעלות ולהתכסות ולקרות עד שלא תנץ החמה יעלה ויתכסה ויקרא ואם לאו יתכסה במים ויקרא. אבל לא יתכסה לא במים הרעים ולא במי המשרה עד שיטיל לתוכן מים. וכמה ירחיק מהם ומן הצואה ארבע אמות: ",
|
47 |
+
"זב שראה קרי. ונדה שפלטה שכבת זרע. והמשמשת שראתה נדה. צריכין טבילה. ורבי יהודה פוטר: "
|
48 |
+
],
|
49 |
+
[
|
50 |
+
"תפלת השחר עד חצות. רבי יהודה אומר עד ארבע שעות תפלת המנחה עד הערב. רבי יהודה אומר עד פלג המנחה. תפלת הערב אין לה קבע ושל מוספין כל היום רבי יהודה אומר עד שבע שעות: ",
|
51 |
+
"רבי נחוניה בן הקנה היה מתפלל בכניסתו לבית המדרש וביציאתו תפלה קצרה אמרו לו מה מקום לתפלה זו. אמר להם בכניסתי אני מתפלל שלא תארע תקלה על ידי וביציאתי אני נותן הודיה על חלקי: ",
|
52 |
+
"רבן גמליאל אומר בכל יום מתפלל אדם שמונה עשרה. רבי יהושע אומר מעין שמונה עשרה. ר' עקיבא אומר אם שגורה תפלתו בפיו יתפלל שמונה עשרה ואם לאו מעין שמונה עשרה: ",
|
53 |
+
"רבי אליעזר אומר העושה תפלתו קבע אין תפלתו תחנונים רבי יהושע אומר המהלך במקום סכנה מתפלל תפלה קצרה אומר הושע השם את עמך את שארית ישראל בכל פרשת העבור יהיו צרכיהם לפניך ברוך אתה ה' שומע תפלה: ",
|
54 |
+
"היה רוכב על החמור ירד. ואם אינו יכול לירד יחזיר את פניו. ואם אינו יכול להחזיר את פניו יכוין את לבו כנגד בית קדש הקדשים: ",
|
55 |
+
"היה יושב בספינה או בקרון או באסדא יכוין את לבו כנגד בית קדש הקדשים: ",
|
56 |
+
"רבי אלעזר בן עזריה אומר אין תפלת המוספין אלא בחבר עיר וחכמים אומרים בחבר עיר ושלא בחבר עיר רבי יהודה אומר משמו כל מקום שיש חבר עיר היחיד פטור מתפלת המוספין: "
|
57 |
+
],
|
58 |
+
[
|
59 |
+
"אין עומדין להתפלל אלא מתוך כובד ראש. חסידים הראשונים היו שוהים שעה אחת ומתפללים כדי שיכונו את לבם למקום. אפילו המלך שואל בשלומו לא ישיבנו. ואפילו נחש כרוך על עקבו לא יפסיק: ",
|
60 |
+
"מזכירין גבורות גשמים בתחיית המתים. ושואלין הגשמים בברכת השנים. והבדלה בחונן הדעת. ר' עקיבא אומר אומרה ברכה רביעית בפני עצמה רבי אליעזר אומר בהודאה: ",
|
61 |
+
"האומר על קן צפור יגיעו רחמיך ועל טוב יזכר שמך. מודים מודים משתקין אותו. העובר לפני התיבה וטעה יעבר אחר תחתיו ולא יהא סרבן באותה שעה מנין הוא מתחיל מתחלת הברכה שטעה בה: ",
|
62 |
+
"העובר לפני התיבה לא יענה אחר הכהנים אמן מפני הטירוף ואם אין שם כהן אלא הוא לא ישא את כפיו. ואם הבטחתו שהוא נושא את כפיו וחוזר לתפלתו רשאי: ",
|
63 |
+
"המתפלל וטעה סימן רע לו. ואם שליח צבור הוא סימן רע לשולחיו. מפני ששלוחו של אדם כמותו. אמרו עליו על רבי חנינא בן דוסא כשהיה מתפלל על החולים ואומר זה חי וזה מת. אמרו לו מנין אתה יודע אמר להם אם שגורה תפלתי בפי יודע אני שהוא מקובל ואם לאו יודע אני שהוא מטורף: "
|
64 |
+
],
|
65 |
+
[
|
66 |
+
"כיצד מברכין על הפירות. על פירות האילן אומר בורא פרי העץ. חוץ מן היין. שעל היין אומר בורא פרי הגפן. ועל פירות הארץ אומר בורא פרי האדמה חוץ מן הפת שעל הפת הוא אומר המוציא לחם מן הארץ. ועל הירקות אומר בורא פרי האדמה. רבי יהודה אומר בורא מיני דשאים: ",
|
67 |
+
"ברך על פירות האילן בורא פרי האדמה יצא. ועל פירות הארץ בורא פרי העץ לא יצא. על כולם אם אמר שהכל נהיה יצא: ",
|
68 |
+
"על דבר שאין גדולו מן הארץ אומר שהכל. על החומץ ועל הנובלות ועל הגובאי אומר שהכל. על החלב ועל הגבינה ועל הביצים אומר שהכל. ר' יהודה אומר כל שהוא מין קללה אין מברכין עליו: ",
|
69 |
+
"היו לפניו מינים הרבה. ר' יהודה אומר אם יש ביניהם ממין שבעה מברך עליו. וחכמים אומרים מברך על איזה מהם שירצה: ",
|
70 |
+
"ברך על היין שלפני המזון פטר את היין שלאחר המזון ברך על הפרפרת שלפני המזון פטר את הפרפרת שלאחר המזון. ברך על הפת פטר את הפרפרת. על הפרפרת לא פטר את הפת. בית שמאי אומרים אף לא מעשה קדרה: ",
|
71 |
+
"היו יושבין לאכול כל אחד ואחד מברך לעצמו. הסיבו אחד מברך לכולן. בא להם יין בתוך המזון כל אחד ואחד מברך לעצמו. לאחר המזון אחד מברך לכולם. והוא אומר על המוגמר אף על פי שאין מביאין את המוגמר אלא לאחר הסעודה: ",
|
72 |
+
"הביאו לפניו מליח בתחלה ופת עמו מברך על המליח ופוטר את הפת שהפת טפלה לו זה הכלל כל שהוא עיקר ועמו טפלה. מברך על העיקר ופוטר את הטפלה: ",
|
73 |
+
"אכל תאנים וענבים ורמונים מברך אחריהן שלש ברכות דברי רבן גמליאל. וחכמים אומרים ברכה אחת מעין שלש רבי עקיבא אומר אפילו אכל שלק והוא מזונו מברך אחריו שלש ברכות. השותה מים לצמאו אומר שהכל נהיה בדברו. ר' טרפון אומר בורא נפשות רבות: "
|
74 |
+
],
|
75 |
+
[
|
76 |
+
"שלשה שאכלו כאחת חייבין לזמן אכל דמאי ומעשר ראשון שנטלה תרומתו ומעשר שני והקדש שנפדו והשמש שאכל כזית והכותי מזמנין עליהם. אבל אכל טבל ומעשר ראשון שלא נטלה תרומתו ומעשר שני והקדש שלא נפדו והשמש שאכל פחות מכזית והנכרי אין מזמנין עליהם: ",
|
77 |
+
"נשים ועבדים וקטנים אין מזמנין עליהם. עד כמה מזמנין עד כזית ר' יהודה אומר עד כביצה: ",
|
78 |
+
"כיצד מזמנין בשלשה אומר נברך. בשלשה והוא אומר ברכו. בעשרה אומר נברך לאלהינו. בעשרה והוא אומר ברכו. אחד עשרה ואחד עשרה רבוא. במאה אומר נברך לה' אלהינו. במאה והוא אומר ברכו. באלף אומר נברך לה' אלהינו אלהי ישראל. באלף והוא אומר ברכו. ברבוא אומר נברך לה' אלהינו אלהי ישראל אל��י הצבאות יושב הכרובים על המזון שאכלנו. ברבוא והוא אומר ברכו. כענין שהוא מברך כך עונין אחריו ברוך ה' אלהינו אלהי ישראל אלהי הצבאות יושב הכרובים על המזון שאכלנו. ר' יוסי הגלילי אומר לפי רוב הקהל הן מברכין שנאמר (תהלים סח, כז) במקהלות ברכו אלהים ה' ממקור ישראל. אמר רבי עקיבא מה מצינו בבית הכנסת אחד מרובין ואחד מועטין אומר ברכו את ה'. רבי ישמעאל אומר ברכו את ה' המבורך: ",
|
79 |
+
"שלשה שאכלו כאחד אינן רשאין ליחלק וכן ארבעה וכן חמשה. ששה נחלקין עד עשרה ועשרה אינן נחלקין עד שיהיו עשרים: ",
|
80 |
+
"שתי חבורות שהיו אוכלות בבית אחד בזמן שמקצתן רואין אלו את אלו הרי אלו מצטרפים לזמון ואם לאו אלו מזמנין לעצמן ואלו מזמנין לעצמן אין מברכין על היין עד שיתן לתוכו מים דברי רבי אליעזר. וחכמים אומרים מברכין: "
|
81 |
+
],
|
82 |
+
[
|
83 |
+
"אלו דברים שבין בית שמאי ובית הלל בסעודה. בית שמאי אומרים מברך על היום ואחר כך מברך על היין ובית הלל אומרים מברך על היין ואחר כך מברך על היום: ",
|
84 |
+
"בית שמאי אומרים נוטלין לידים ואחר כך מוזגין את הכוס ובית הלל אומרים מוזגין את הכוס ואחר כך נוטלין לידים: ",
|
85 |
+
"בית שמאי אומרים מקנח ידיו במפה ומניחה על השלחן ובית הלל אומרים על הכסת: ",
|
86 |
+
"בית שמאי אומרים מכבדין את הבית ואחר כך נוטלין לידים ובית הלל אומרים נוטלין לידים ואחר כך מכבדין את הבית: ",
|
87 |
+
"בית שמאי אומרים נר ומזון ובשמים והבדלה. ובית הלל אומרים נר ובשמים ומזון והבדלה. בית שמאי אומרים שברא מאור האש ובית הלל אומרים בורא מאורי האש: ",
|
88 |
+
"אין מברכין לא על הנר ולא על הבשמים של עובדי כוכבים ולא על הנר ולא על הבשמים של מתים ולא על הנר ולא על הבשמים שלפני עבודת כוכבים. אין מברכין על הנר עד שיאותו לאורו: ",
|
89 |
+
"מי שאכל ושכח ולא ברך בית שמאי אומרים יחזור למקומו ויברך ובית הלל אומרים יברך במקום שנזכר. עד אימתי הוא מברך עד כדי שיתעכל המזון שבמעיו: ",
|
90 |
+
"בא להם יין לאחר המזון ואין שם אלא אותו הכוס. בית שמאי אומרים מברך על היין ואחר כך מברך על המזון. ובית הלל אומרים מברך על המזון ואחר כך מברך על היין. עונין אמן אחר ישראל המברך ואין עונין אמן אחר הכותי המברך עד שישמע כל הברכה: "
|
91 |
+
],
|
92 |
+
[
|
93 |
+
"הרואה מקום שנעשו בו ניסים לישראל אומר ברוך שעשה ניסים לאבותינו במקום הזה. מקום שנעקרה ממנו עבודת כוכבים אומר ברוך שעקר עבודת כוכבים מארצנו: ",
|
94 |
+
"על הזיקין ועל הזועות ועל הברקים ועל הרעמים ועל הרוחות אומר ברוך שכחו וגבורתו מלא עולם על ההרים ועל הגבעות ועל הימים ועל הנהרות ועל המדברות אומר ברוך עושה מעשה בראשית. ר' יהודה אומר הרואה את הים הגדול אומר ברוך שעשה את הים הגדול בזמן שרואה אותו לפרקים. על הגשמים ועל הבשורות הטובות אומר ברוך הטוב והמטיב ועל שמועות רעות אומר ברוך דיין האמת: ",
|
95 |
+
"בנה בית חדש וקנה כלים חדשים אומר ברוך שהחיינו. מברך על הרעה מעין הטובה ועל הטובה מעין הרעה. הצועק לשעבר הרי זו תפלת שוא כיצד היתה אשתו מעוברת ואמר יהי רצון שתלד אשתי זכר הרי זו תפלת שוא. היה בא בדרך ושמע קול צוחה בעיר ואמר יהי רצון שלא יהיו אלו בני ביתי הרי זו תפלת שוא: ",
|
96 |
+
"הנכנס לכרך מתפלל שתים. אחת בכניסתו. ואחת ביציאתו. בן עזאי אומר ארבע. שתים בכניסתו. ושתים ביציאתו. ונותן הודאה לשעבר. וצועק לעתיד לבא: ",
|
97 |
+
"חייב אדם לברך על הרעה כשם שהוא מברך על הטובה ��נאמר (דברים ו, ה) ואהבת את ה' אלהיך בכל לבבך ובכל נפשך ובכל מאדך. בכל לבבך בשני יצריך ביצר טוב וביצר רע. ובכל נפשך אפילו הוא נוטל את נפשך. ובכל מאדך בכל ממונך. דבר אחר בכל מאדך בכל מדה ומדה שהוא מודד לך הוי מודה לו במאד מאד. לא יקל אדם את ראשו כנגד שער המזרח שהוא מכוון כנגד בית קדשי הקדשים. לא יכנס להר הבית במקלו ובמנעלו ובפונדתו ובאבק שעל רגליו ולא יעשנו קפנדריא ורקיקה מקל וחומר כל חותמי ברכות שהיו במקדש היו אומרים מן העולם משקלקלו המינין ואמרו אין עולם אלא אחד. התקינו שיהו אומרים מן העולם ועד העולם. והתקינו שיהא אדם שואל את שלום חברו בשם שנאמר (רות ב, ד) והנה בעז בא מבית לחם ויאמר לקוצרים ה' עמכם ויאמרו לו יברכך ה' ואומר (שופטים ו, יב) ה' עמך גבור החיל. ואומר (משלי כג, כב) אל תבוז כי זקנה אמך ואומר (תהלים קיט, קכו) עת לעשות לה' הפרו תורתך. ר' נתן אומר הפרו תורתך עת לעשות לה': "
|
98 |
+
]
|
99 |
+
],
|
100 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
101 |
+
"Chapter",
|
102 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
103 |
+
]
|
104 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
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|
1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "he",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Berakhot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"priority": 3.0,
|
8 |
+
"license": "Public Domain",
|
9 |
+
"versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357",
|
10 |
+
"actualLanguage": "he",
|
11 |
+
"languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
|
12 |
+
"isBaseText": true,
|
13 |
+
"isSource": true,
|
14 |
+
"isPrimary": true,
|
15 |
+
"direction": "rtl",
|
16 |
+
"heTitle": "משנה ברכות",
|
17 |
+
"categories": [
|
18 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
19 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
20 |
+
],
|
21 |
+
"text": [
|
22 |
+
[
|
23 |
+
"מֵאֵימָתַי קוֹרִין אֶת שְׁמַע בְּעַרְבִית. מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהַכֹּהֲנִים נִכְנָסִים לֶאֱכֹל בִּתְרוּמָתָן, עַד סוֹף הָאַשְׁמוּרָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַד חֲצוֹת. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשָּׁחַר. מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבָּאוּ בָנָיו מִבֵּית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה, אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לֹא קָרִינוּ אֶת שְׁמַע. אָמַר לָהֶם, אִם לֹא עָלָה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר, חַיָּבִין אַתֶּם לִקְרוֹת. וְלֹא זוֹ בִּלְבַד, אֶלָּא כָּל מַה שֶּׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים עַד חֲצוֹת, מִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשָּׁחַר. הֶקְטֵר חֲלָבִים וְאֵבָרִים, מִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשָּׁחַר. וְכָל הַנֶּאֱכָלִים לְיוֹם אֶחָד, מִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשָּׁחַר. אִם כֵּן, לָמָּה אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים עַד חֲצוֹת, כְּדֵי לְהַרְחִיק אֶת הָאָדָם מִן הָעֲבֵרָה: \n",
|
24 |
+
"מֵאֵימָתַי קוֹרִין אֶת שְׁמַע בְּשַׁחֲרִית. מִשֶּׁיַּכִּיר בֵּין תְּכֵלֶת לְלָבָן. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, בֵּין תְּכֵלֶת לְכַרְתִּי. וְגוֹמְרָהּ עַד הָנֵץ הַחַמָּה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, עַד שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת, שֶׁכֵּן דֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי מְלָכִים לַעֲמֹד בְּשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת. הַקּוֹרֵא מִכָּאן וְאֵילָךְ לֹא הִפְסִיד, כְּאָדָם הַקּוֹרֵא בַתּוֹרָה: \n",
|
25 |
+
"בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בָּעֶרֶב כָּל אָדָם יַטּוּ וְיִקְרְאוּ, וּבַבֹּקֶר יַעַמְדוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ו) וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, כָּל אָדָם קוֹרֵא כְדַרְכּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם) וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶּרֶךְ. אִם כֵּן, לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם שׁוֹכְבִים, וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם עוֹמְדִים. אָמַר רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן, אֲנִי הָיִיתִי בָא בַדֶּרֶךְ, וְהִטֵּתִי לִקְרוֹת, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי, וְסִכַּנְתִּי בְעַצְמִי מִפְּנֵי הַלִּסְטִים. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, כְּדַי הָיִיתָ לָחוּב בְּעַצְמְךָ, שֶׁעָבַרְתָּ עַל דִּבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל: \n",
|
26 |
+
"בַּשַּׁחַר מְבָרֵךְ שְׁתַּיִם לְפָנֶיהָ וְאַחַת לְאַחֲרֶיהָ, וּבָעֶרֶב שְׁתַּיִם לְפָנֶיהָ וּשְׁתַּיִם לְאַחֲרֶיהָ. אַחַת אֲרֻכָּה וְאַחַת קְצָרָה. מָקוֹם שֶׁאָמְרוּ לְהַאֲרִיךְ, אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לְקַצֵּר. לְקַצֵּר, אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לְהַאֲרִיךְ. לַחְתֹּם, אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי שֶׁלֹּא לַחְתֹּם. וְשֶׁלֹּא לַחְתֹּם, אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לַחְתֹּם: \n",
|
27 |
+
"מַזְכִּירִין יְצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם בַּלֵּילוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, הֲרֵי אֲנִי כְּבֶן שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה, וְלֹא זָכִיתִי שֶׁתֵּאָמֵר יְצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם בַּלֵּילוֹת, עַד שֶׁדְּרָשָׁהּ בֶּן זוֹמָא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים טז) לְמַעַן תִּזְכֹּר אֶת יוֹם צֵאתְךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ. יְמֵי חַי��ֶיךָ, הַיָּמִים. כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ, הַלֵּילוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ, הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ, לְהָבִיא לִימוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ: \n"
|
28 |
+
],
|
29 |
+
[
|
30 |
+
"הָיָה קוֹרֵא בַתּוֹרָה, וְהִגִּיעַ זְמַן הַמִּקְרָא, אִם כִּוֵּן לִבּוֹ, יָצָא. וְאִם לָאו, לֹא יָצָא. בַּפְּרָקִים שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד וּמֵשִׁיב, וּבָאֶמְצַע שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַיִּרְאָה וּמֵשִׁיב, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בָּאֶמְצַע שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַיִּרְאָה, וּמֵשִׁיב מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד, בַּפְּרָקִים שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד, וּמֵשִׁיב שָׁלוֹם לְכָל אָדָם: \n",
|
31 |
+
"אֵלּוּ הֵן בֵּין הַפְּרָקִים, בֵּין בְּרָכָה רִאשׁוֹנָה לִשְׁנִיָּה, בֵּין שְׁנִיָּה לִשְׁמַע, וּבֵין שְׁמַע לִוְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ, בֵּין וְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ לְוַיֹּאמֶר, בֵּין וַיֹּאמֶר לֶאֱמֶת וְיַצִּיב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בֵּין וַיֹּאמֶר לֶאֱמֶת וְיַצִּיב לֹא יַפְסִיק. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן קָרְחָה, לָמָּה קָדְמָה שְׁמַע לִוְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ, אֶלָּא כְדֵי שֶׁיְּקַבֵּל עָלָיו עֹל מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם תְּחִלָּה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יְקַבֵּל עָלָיו עֹל מִצְוֹת. וְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ לְוַיֹּאמֶר, שֶׁוְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ נוֹהֵג בַּיּוֹם וּבַלַּיְלָה, וַיֹּאמֶר אֵינוֹ נוֹהֵג אֶלָּא בַּיּוֹם: \n",
|
32 |
+
"הַקּוֹרֵא אֶת שְׁמַע וְלֹא הִשְׁמִיעַ לְאָזְנוֹ, יָצָא. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, לֹא יָצָא. קָרָא וְלֹא דִקְדֵּק בְּאוֹתִיּוֹתֶיהָ, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר יָצָא, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר לֹא יָצָא. הַקּוֹרֵא לְמַפְרֵעַ, לֹא יָצָא. קָרָא וְטָעָה, יַחֲזֹר לְמָקוֹם שֶׁטָּעָה: \n",
|
33 |
+
"הָאֻמָּנִין קוֹרִין בְּרֹאשׁ הָאִילָן אוֹ בְרֹאשׁ הַנִּדְבָּךְ, מַה שֶּׁאֵינָן רַשָּׁאִין לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן בַּתְּפִלָּה: \n",
|
34 |
+
"חָתָן פָּטוּר מִקְּרִיאַת שְׁמַע בַּלַּיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן עַד מוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת, אִם לֹא עָשָׂה מַעֲשֶׂה. מַעֲשֶׂה בְּרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל שֶׁקָּרָא בַלַּיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנָּשָׂא. אָמְרוּ לוֹ תַּלְמִידָיו, לֹא לִמַּדְתָּנוּ, רַבֵּנוּ, שֶׁחָתָן פָּטוּר מִקְּרִיאַת שְׁמַע בַּלַּיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן. אָמַר לָהֶם, אֵינִי שׁוֹמֵעַ לָכֶם לְבַטֵּל מִמֶּנִּי מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם אֲפִלּוּ שָׁעָה אֶחָת: \n",
|
35 |
+
"רָחַץ לַיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁמֵּתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ תַלְמִידָיו, לֹא לִמַּדְתָּנוּ, רַבֵּנוּ, שֶׁאָבֵל אָסוּר לִרְחֹץ. אָמַר לָהֶם, אֵינִי כִשְׁאָר כָּל אָדָם, אִסְטְנִיס אָנִי: \n",
|
36 |
+
"וּכְשֶׁמֵּת טָבִי עַבְדּוֹ, קִבֵּל עָלָיו תַּנְחוּמִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ תַּלְמִידָיו, לֹא לִמַּדְתָּנוּ רַבֵּנוּ, שֶׁאֵין מְקַבְּלִין תַּנְחוּמִין עַל הָעֲבָדִים. אָמַר לָהֶם, אֵין טָבִי עַבְדִּי כִּשְׁאָר כָּל הָעֲבָדִים, כָּשֵׁר הָיָה: \n",
|
37 |
+
"חָתָן אִם רָצָה לִקְרוֹת קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע לַיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן, קוֹרֵא. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, לֹא כָל הָרוֹצֶה לִטֹּל אֶת הַשֵּׁם יִטֹּל: \n"
|
38 |
+
],
|
39 |
+
[
|
40 |
+
"מִי שֶׁמֵּתוֹ מוּטָל לְפָנָיו, פָּטוּר מִקְּרִיאַת שְׁמַע, מִן הַתְּפִלָּה וּמִן הַתְּפִלִּין. נוֹשְׂאֵי הַמִּטָּה וְחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וְחִלּוּפֵי חִלּוּפֵיהֶן, אֶת שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמִּטָּה וְאֶת שֶׁלְּאַחַר הַמִּטָּה, אֶת שֶׁלַּמִּטָּה צֹרֶךְ בָּהֶן פְּטוּרִים, וְאֶת שֶׁאֵין לַמִּטָּה צֹרֶךְ בָּהֶן חַיָּבִין. אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ פְּטוּרִים מִן הַתְּפִלָּה: \n",
|
41 |
+
"קָבְרוּ אֶת הַמֵּת וְחָזְרוּ, אִם יְכוֹלִין לְהַתְחִיל וְלִגְמֹר עַד שֶׁלֹּא יַגִּיעוּ לַשּׁוּרָה, יַתְחִילוּ. וְאִם לָאו, לֹא יַתְחִילוּ. הָעוֹמְדִים בַּשּׁוּרָה, הַפְּנִימִים פְּטוּרִים, וְהַחִיצוֹנִים חַיָּבִין: \n",
|
42 |
+
"נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים פְּטוּרִין מִקְּרִיאַת שְׁמַע וּמִן הַתְּפִלִּין, וְחַיָּבִין בִּתְפִלָּה וּבִמְזוּזָה, וּבְבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן: \n",
|
43 |
+
"בַּעַל קֶרִי מְהַרְהֵר בְּלִבּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ מְבָרֵךְ, לֹא לְפָנֶיהָ וְלֹא לְאַחֲרֶיהָ. וְעַל הַמָּזוֹן מְבָרֵךְ לְאַחֲרָיו, וְאֵינוֹ מְבָרֵךְ לְפָנָיו. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מְבָרֵךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם וּלְאַחֲרֵיהֶם: \n",
|
44 |
+
"הָיָה עוֹמֵד בַּתְּפִלָּה, וְנִזְכַּר שֶׁהוּא בַעַל קְרִי, לֹא יַפְסִיק, אֶלָּא יְקַצֵּר. יָרַד לִטְבֹּל, אִם יָכוֹל לַעֲלוֹת וּלְהִתְכַּסּוֹת וְלִקְרוֹת עַד שֶׁלֹּא תָנֵץ הַחַמָּה, יַעֲלֶה וְיִתְכַּסֶּה וְיִקְרָא. וְאִם לָאו, יִתְכַּסֶּה בַמַּיִם וְיִקְרָא. אֲבָל לֹא יִתְכַּסֶּה, לֹא בַמַּיִם הָרָעִים וְלֹא בְמֵי הַמִּשְׁרָה, עַד שֶׁיַּטִּיל לְתוֹכָן מָיִם. וְכַמָּה יַרְחִיק מֵהֶם וּמִן הַצּוֹאָה, אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת: \n",
|
45 |
+
"זָב שֶׁרָאָה קְרִי, וְנִדָּה שֶׁפָּלְטָה שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, וְהַמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת שֶׁרָאֲתָה נִדָּה, צְרִיכִין טְבִילָה, וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹטֵר: \n"
|
46 |
+
],
|
47 |
+
[
|
48 |
+
"תְּפִלַּת הַשַּׁחַר, עַד חֲצוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד אַרְבַּע שָׁעוֹת. תְּפִלַּת הַמִּנְחָה עַד הָעֶרֶב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד פְּלַג הַמִּנְחָה. תְּפִלַּת הָעֶרֶב אֵין לָהּ קֶבַע. וְשֶׁל מוּסָפִין כָּל הַיּוֹם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁבַע שָׁעוֹת: ",
|
49 |
+
"רַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא בֶּן הַקָּנָה הָיָה מִתְפַּלֵּל בִּכְנִיסָתוֹ לְבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ וּבִיצִיאָתוֹ תְּפִלָּה קְצָרָה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַה מָּקוֹם לִתְפִלָּה זוֹ. אָמַר לָהֶם, בִּכְנִיסָתִי אֲנִי מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁלֹּא תֶאֱרַע תַּקָלָה עַל יָדִי, וּבִיצִיאָתִי אֲנִי נוֹתֵן הוֹדָיָה עַל חֶלְקִי: ",
|
50 |
+
"רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, בְּכָל יוֹם מִתְפַּלֵּל אָדָם שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, מֵעֵין שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אִם שְׁגוּרָה תְפִלָּתוֹ בְּפִיו, יִתְפַּלֵּל שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. וְאִם לָאו, מֵעֵין שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה: ",
|
51 |
+
"רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הָעוֹשֶׂה תְפִלָּתוֹ קֶבַע, אֵין תְּפִלָּתוֹ תַּחֲנוּנִים. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, הַמְהַלֵּךְ בִּמְקוֹם סַכָּנָה, מִתְפַּלֵּל תְּפִלָּה קְצָרָה. אוֹמֵר, הוֹשַׁע הַשֵּׁם אֶת עַמְּךָ אֶת שְׁאֵרִית יִשְׂרָאֵל, בְּכָל פָּרָשַׁת הָעִבּוּר יִהְיוּ צָרְכֵיהֶם לְפָנֶיךָ. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה' שׁוֹמֵעַ תְּפִלָּה: ",
|
52 |
+
"הָיָה רוֹכֵב עַל הַחֲמוֹר, יֵרֵד. וְאִם אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לֵירֵד, יַחֲזִיר אֶת פָּנָיו, וְאִם אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהַחֲזִיר אֶת פָּנָיו, יְכַוֵּן אֶת לִבּוֹ כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית קֹדֶשׁ הַקָּדָשִׁים: ",
|
53 |
+
"הָיָה יוֹשֵׁב בִּסְפִינָה אוֹ בְקָרוֹן אוֹ בְאַסְדָּה, יְכַוֵּן אֶת לִבּוֹ כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית קֹדֶש הַקָּדָשִׁים: ",
|
54 |
+
"רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין תְּפִלַּת הַמּוּסָפִין אֶלָּא בְּחֶבֶר עִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בְּחֶבֶר עִיר וְשֶׁלֹּא בְחֶבֶר עִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מִשְּׁמוֹ, כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ חֶבֶר עִיר, הַיָּחִיד פָּטוּר מִתְּפִלַּת הַמּוּסָפִין: "
|
55 |
+
],
|
56 |
+
[
|
57 |
+
"אֵין עוֹמְדִין לְהִתְפַּלֵּל אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ כֹּבֶד רֹאשׁ. חֲסִידִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים הָיוּ שׁוֹהִים שָׁעָה אַחַת וּמִתְפַּלְּלִים, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּכַוְּנוּ אֶת לִבָּם לַמָּקוֹם. אֲפִלּוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ שׁוֹאֵל בִּשְׁלוֹמוֹ, לֹא יְשִׁיבֶנּוּ. וַאֲפִלּוּ נָחָשׁ כָּרוּךְ עַל עֲקֵבוֹ, לֹא יַפְסִיק: \n",
|
58 |
+
"מַזְכִּירִין גְּבוּרוֹת גְּשָׁמִים בִּתְחִיַּת הַמֵּתִים, וְשׁוֹאֲלִין הַגְּשָׁמִים בְּבִרְכַּת הַשָּׁנִים, וְהַבְדָּלָה בְּחוֹנֵן הַדָּעַת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אוֹמְרָהּ בְּרָכָה רְבִיעִית בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, בְּהוֹדָאָה: \n",
|
59 |
+
"הָאוֹמֵר עַל קַן צִפּוֹר יַגִּיעוּ רַחֲמֶיךָ, וְעַל טוֹב יִזָּכֵר שְׁמֶךָ, מוֹדִים מוֹדִים, מְשַׁתְּקִין אוֹתוֹ. הָעוֹבֵר לִפְנֵי הַתֵּיבָה וְטָעָה, יַעֲבֹר אַחֵר תַּחְתָּיו, וְלֹא יְהֵא סָרְבָן בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה. מִנַּיִן הוּא מַתְחִיל, מִתְּחִלַּת הַבְּרָכָה שֶׁטָּעָה בָהּ: \n",
|
60 |
+
"הָעוֹבֵר לִפְנֵי הַתֵּיבָה, לֹא יַעֲנֶה אַחַר הַכֹּהֲנִים אָמֵן, מִפְּנֵי הַטֵּרוּף. וְאִם אֵין שָׁם כֹּהֵן אֶלָּא הוּא, לֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת כַּפָּיו. וְאִם הַבְטָחָתוֹ שֶׁהוּא נוֹשֵׂא אֶת כַּפָּיו וְחוֹזֵר לִתְפִלָּתוֹ, רַשַּׁאי: \n",
|
61 |
+
"הַמִּתְפַּלֵּל וְטָעָה, סִימָן רַע לוֹ. וְאִם שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר הוּא, סִימָן רַע לְשׁוֹלְחָיו, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁשְּׁלוּחוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם כְּמוֹתוֹ. אָמְרוּ עָלָיו עַל רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶן דּוֹסָא, כְּשֶׁהָיָה מִתְפַּלֵּל עַל הַחוֹלִים וְאוֹמֵר, זֶה חַי וְזֶה מֵת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מִנַּיִן אַתָּה יוֹדֵעַ. אָמַר לָהֶם, אִם שְׁגוּרָה תְפִלָּתִי בְּפִי, יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁהוּא מְקֻבָּל. וְאִם לָאו, יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁהוּא מְטֹרָף: \n"
|
62 |
+
],
|
63 |
+
[
|
64 |
+
"כֵּיצַד מְבָרְכִין עַל הַפֵּרוֹת. עַל פֵּרוֹת הָאִילָן אוֹמֵר, בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָעֵץ, חוּץ מִן הַיַּיִן, שֶׁעַל הַיַּיִן אוֹמֵר בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הַגָּפֶן. וְעַל פֵּרוֹת הָאָרֶץ אוֹמֵר בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה, חוּץ מִן הַפַּת, שֶׁעַל הַפַּת הוּא אוֹמֵר הַמּוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ. וְעַל הַיְרָקוֹת אוֹמֵר בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בּוֹרֵא מִינֵי דְשָׁאִים: \n",
|
65 |
+
"בֵּרַךְ עַל פֵּרוֹת הָאִילָן בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה, יָצָא. וְעַל פֵּרוֹת הָאָרֶץ בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָעֵץ, לֹא יָצָא. עַל כֻּלָּם אִם אָמַר שֶׁהַכֹּל נִהְיָה, יָצָא: \n",
|
66 |
+
"עַל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין גִּדּוּלוֹ מִן הָאָרֶץ אוֹמֵר שֶׁהַכֹּל. עַל הַחֹמֶץ וְעַל הַנּוֹבְלוֹת וְעַל הַגּוֹבַאי אוֹמֵר שֶׁהַכֹּל. עַל הֶחָלָב וְעַל הַגְּבִינָה וְעַל הַבֵּיצִים אוֹמֵר שֶׁהַכֹּל. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁהוּא מִין קְלָלָה אֵין מְבָרְכִין עָלָיו: \n",
|
67 |
+
"הָיוּ לְפָנָיו מִינִים הַרְבֵּה, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶם מִמִּין שִׁבְעָה, מְבָרֵךְ עָלָיו. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מְבָרֵךְ עַל אֵיזֶה מֵהֶם שֶׁיִּרְצֶה: \n",
|
68 |
+
"בֵּרַךְ עַל הַיַּיִן שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמָּזוֹן, פָּטַר אֶת הַיַּיִן שֶׁלְּאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן. בֵּרַךְ עַל הַפַּרְפֶּרֶת שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמָּזוֹן, פָּטַר אֶת הַפַּרְפֶּרֶת שֶׁלְּאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן. בֵּרַךְ עַל הַפַּת, פָּטַר אֶת הַפַּרְפֶּרֶת. עַל הַפַּרְפֶּרֶת, לֹא פָטַר אֶת הַפָּת. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אַף לֹא מַעֲשֵׂה קְדֵרָה: \n",
|
69 |
+
"הָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִין לֶאֱכֹל, כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְעַצְמוֹ. הֵסֵבּוּ, אֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְכֻלָּן. בָּא לָהֶם יַיִן בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּזוֹן, כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְעַצְמוֹ. לְאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן, אֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְכֻלָּם. וְהוּא אוֹמֵר עַל הַמֻּגְמָר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין מְבִיאִין אֶת הַמֻּגְמָר אֶלָּא לְאַחַר הַסְּעֻדָּה: \n",
|
70 |
+
"הֵבִיאוּ לְפָנָיו מָלִיחַ בַּתְּחִלָּה וּפַת עִמּוֹ, מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַמָּלִיחַ וּפוֹטֵר אֶת הַפַּת, שֶׁהַפַּת טְפֵלָה לוֹ. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא עִקָּר וְעִמּוֹ טְפֵלָה, מְבָרֵךְ עַל הָעִקָּר וּפוֹטֵר אֶת הַטְּפֵלָה: \n",
|
71 |
+
"אָכַל תְּאֵנִים עֲנָבִים וְרִמּוֹנִים, מְבָרֵךְ אַחֲרֵיהֶן שָׁלשׁ בְּרָכוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בְּרָכָה אַחַת מֵעֵין שָׁלשׁ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ אָכַל שֶׁלֶק וְהוּא מְזוֹנוֹ, מְבָרֵךְ אַחֲרָיו שָׁלשׁ בְּרָכוֹת. הַשּׁוֹתֶה מַיִם לִצְמָאוֹ, אוֹמֵר שֶׁהַכֹּל נִהְיֶה בִּדְבָרוֹ. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, בּוֹרֵא נְפָשׁוֹת רַבּוֹת: \n"
|
72 |
+
],
|
73 |
+
[
|
74 |
+
"שְׁלשָׁה שֶׁאָכְלוּ כְאֶחָד, חַיָּבִין לְזַמֵּן. אָכַל דְּמַאי, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, וְהַשַּׁמָּשׁ שֶׁאָכַל כַּזַּיִת, וְהַכּוּתִי, מְזַמְּנִין עֲלֵיהֶם. אֲבָל אָכַל טֶבֶל, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדּוּ, וְהַשַּׁמָּשׁ שֶׁאָכַל פָּחוֹת מִכַּזַּיִת, וְהַנָּכְרִי, אֵין מְזַמְּנִין עֲלֵיהֶם: \n",
|
75 |
+
"נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים, אֵין מְזַמְּנִין עֲלֵיהֶם. עַד כַּמָּה מְזַמְּנִין, עַד כַּזָּיִת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד כַּבֵּיצָה: \n",
|
76 |
+
"כֵּיצַד מְזַמְּנִין, בִּשְׁלשָׁה אוֹמֵר נְבָרֵךְ. בִּשְׁלשָׁה וְהוּא, אוֹמֵר בָּרְכוּ. בַּעֲשָׂרָה, אוֹמֵר נְבָרֵךְ לֵאלֹהֵינוּ. בַּעֲשָׂרָה וָהוּא, אוֹמֵר בָּרְכוּ. אֶחָד עֲשָׂרָה וְאֶחָד עֲשָׂרָה רִבּוֹא. בְּמֵאָה אוֹמֵר, נְבָרֵךְ לַייָ אֱלֹהֵינוּ. בְּמֵאָה וְהוּא, אוֹמֵר בָּרְכוּ. בְּאֶלֶף, אוֹמֵר נְבָרֵךְ לַייָ אֱלֹהֵינוּ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. בְּאֶלֶף וְהוּא, אוֹמֵר בָּרְכוּ. בְּרִבּוֹא, אוֹמֵר, נְבָרֵךְ לַייָ אֱלֹהֵינוּ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת יוֹשֵׁב הַכְּרוּבִים עַל הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁאָכָלְנוּ. בְּרִבּוֹא וְהוּא, אוֹמֵר בָּרְכוּ. כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁהוּא מְבָרֵךְ, כָּךְ עוֹנִין אַחֲרָיו, בָּרוּךְ יְיָ אֱלֹהֵינוּ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת יוֹשֵׁב הַכְּרוּבִים עַל הַמָּזוֹן שׁ��אָכָלְנוּ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר, לְפִי רֹב הַקָּהָל הֵן מְבָרְכִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּמַקְהֵלוֹת בָּרְכוּ אֱלֹהִים, יְיָ מִמְּקוֹר יִשְׂרָאֵל (תהלים סח). אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, מַה מָּצִינוּ בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, אֶחָד מְרֻבִּין וְאֶחָד מֻעָטִין אוֹמֵר, בָּרְכוּ אֶת יְיָ. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, בָּרְכוּ אֶת יְיָ הַמְבֹרָךְ: \n",
|
77 |
+
"שְׁלשָׁה שֶׁאָכְלוּ כְאֶחָד, אֵינָן רַשָּׁאִין לֵחָלֵק, וְכֵן אַרְבָּעָה, וְכֵן חֲמִשָּׁה. שִׁשָּׁה נֶחֱלָקִין, עַד עֲשָׂרָה. וַעֲשָׂרָה אֵינָן נֶחֱלָקִין, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ עֶשְׂרִים: \n",
|
78 |
+
"שְׁתֵּי חֲבוּרוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹכְלוֹת בְּבַיִת אֶחָד, בִּזְמַן שֶׁמִּקְצָתָן רוֹאִין אֵלּוּ אֶת אֵלּוּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִצְטָרְפִים לְזִמּוּן. וְאִם לָאו, אֵלּוּ מְזַמְּנִין לְעַצְמָן, וְאֵלּוּ מְזַמְּנִין לְעַצְמָן. אֵין מְבָרְכִין עַל הַיַּיִן עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן לְתוֹכוֹ מַיִם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מְבָרְכִין: \n"
|
79 |
+
],
|
80 |
+
[
|
81 |
+
"אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁבֵּין בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּבֵית הִלֵּל בַּסְּעֻדָּה. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיּוֹם וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיַּיִן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיַּיִן וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיּוֹם: \n",
|
82 |
+
"בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נוֹטְלִין לַיָּדַיִם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מוֹזְגִין אֶת הַכּוֹס. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מוֹזְגִין אֶת הַכּוֹס וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹטְלִין לַיָּדָיִם: \n",
|
83 |
+
"בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מְקַנֵּחַ יָדָיו בַּמַּפָּה וּמַנִּיחָהּ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, עַל הַכֶּסֶת: \n",
|
84 |
+
"בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מְכַבְּדִין אֶת הַבַּיִת וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹטְלִין לַיָּדַיִם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, נוֹטְלִין לַיָּדַיִם וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְכַבְּדִין אֶת הַבָּיִת: \n",
|
85 |
+
"בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נֵר וּמָזוֹן וּבְשָׂמִים וְהַבְדָּלָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, נֵר וּבְשָׂמִים וּמָזוֹן וְהַבְדָּלָה. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שֶׁבָּרָא מְאוֹר הָאֵשׁ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בּוֹרֵא מְאוֹרֵי הָאֵשׁ: \n",
|
86 |
+
"אֵין מְבָרְכִין לֹא עַל הַנֵּר וְלֹא עַל הַבְּשָׂמִים שֶׁל עוֹבְדֵי כוֹכָבִים, וְלֹא עַל הַנֵּר וְלֹא עַל הַבְּשָׂמִים שֶׁל מֵתִים, וְלֹא עַל הַנֵּר וְלֹא עַל הַבְּשָׂמִים שֶׁלִּפְנֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. אֵין מְבָרְכִין עַל הַנֵּר עַד שֶׁיֵּאוֹתוּ לְאוֹרוֹ: \n",
|
87 |
+
"מִי שֶׁאָכַל וְשָׁכַח וְלֹא בֵרַךְ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יַחֲזֹר לִמְקוֹמוֹ וִיבָרֵךְ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יְבָרֵךְ בַּמָּקוֹם שֶׁנִּזְכָּר. עַד אֵימָתַי הוּא מְבָרֵךְ. עַד כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְעַכֵּל הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁבְּמֵעָיו: \n",
|
88 |
+
"בָּא לָהֶם יַיִן לְאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן וְאֵין שָׁם אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ הַכּוֹס, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיַּיִן וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַמָּזוֹן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַמָּזוֹן וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיָּיִן. עוֹנִין אָמֵן אַחַר יִשְׂרָאֵל הַמְבָרֵךְ, וְאֵין עוֹנִין אָמֵן אַחַר הַכּוּתִי הַמְבָרֵךְ, עַד שֶׁיִּשְׁמַע כָּל הַבְּרָכָה: \n"
|
89 |
+
],
|
90 |
+
[
|
91 |
+
"הָרוֹאֶה מָקוֹם שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ בוֹ נִסִּים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ שֶׁעָשָׂה נִסִּים לַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ בַּמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה. מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּעֶקְרָה מִמֶּנּוּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ שֶׁעָקַר עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מֵאַרְצֵנוּ: \n",
|
92 |
+
"עַל הַזִּיקִין, וְעַל הַזְּוָעוֹת, וְעַל הַבְּרָקִים, וְעַל הָרְעָמִים, וְעַל הָרוּחוֹת, אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ שֶׁכֹּחוֹ וּגְבוּרָתוֹ מָלֵא עוֹלָם. עַל הֶהָרִים, וְעַל הַגְּבָעוֹת, וְעַל הַיַּמִּים, וְעַל הַנְּהָרוֹת, וְעַל הַמִּדְבָּרוֹת, אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ עוֹשֵׂה מַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָרוֹאֶה אֶת הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ שֶׁעָשָׂה אֶת הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל, בִּזְמַן שֶׁרוֹאֶה אוֹתוֹ לִפְרָקִים. עַל הַגְּשָׁמִים וְעַל הַבְּשׂוֹרוֹת הַטּוֹבוֹת אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ הַטּוֹב וְהַמֵּטִיב, וְעַל שְׁמוּעוֹת רָעוֹת אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ דַּיַּן הָאֱמֶת: \n",
|
93 |
+
"בָּנָה בַיִת חָדָשׁ, וְקָנָה כֵלִים חֲדָשִׁים, אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ שֶׁהֶחֱיָנוּ. מְבָרֵךְ עַל הָרָעָה מֵעֵין הַטּוֹבָה, וְעַל הַטּוֹבָה מֵעֵין הָרָעָה. הַצּוֹעֵק לְשֶׁעָבַר, הֲרֵי זוֹ תְּפִלַּת שָׁוְא. כֵּיצַד. הָיְתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ מְעֻבֶּרֶת, וְאָמַר, יְהִי רָצוֹן שֶׁתֵּלֵד אִשְׁתִּי זָכָר, הֲרֵי זוֹ תְּפִלַּת שָׁוְא. הָיָה בָא בַדֶּרֶךְ וְשָׁמַע קוֹל צְוָחָה בָּעִיר, וְאָמַר יְהִי רָצוֹן שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ אֵלּוּ בְּנֵי בֵיתִי, הֲרֵי זוֹ תְּפִלַּת שָׁוְא: \n",
|
94 |
+
"הַנִּכְנָס לִכְרַךְ מִתְפַּלֵּל שְׁתַּיִם, אַחַת בִּכְנִיסָתוֹ וְאַחַת בִּיצִיאָתוֹ. בֶּן עַזַּאי אוֹמֵר, אַרְבַּע, שְׁתַּיִם בִּכְנִיסָתוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם בִּיצִיאָתוֹ, וְנוֹתֵן הוֹדָאָה לְשֶׁעָבַר, וְצוֹעֵק לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא: \n",
|
95 |
+
"חַיָּב אָדָם לְבָרֵךְ עַל הָרָעָה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַטּוֹבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ו) וְאָהַבְתָּ אֵת יְיָ אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁךָ וּבְכָל מְאֹדֶךָ. בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ, בִּשְׁנֵי יְצָרֶיךָ, בְּיֵצֶר טוֹב וּבְיֵצֶר רָע. וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁךָ, אֲפִלּוּ הוּא נוֹטֵל אֶת נַפְשֶׁךָ. וּבְכָל מְאֹדֶךָ, בְּכָל מָמוֹנֶךָ. דָּבָר אַחֵר בְּכָל מְאֹדֶךָ, בְּכָל מִדָּה וּמִדָּה שֶׁהוּא מוֹדֵד לְךָ הֱוֵי מוֹדֶה לוֹ בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד. לֹא יָקֵל אָדָם אֶת רֹאשׁוֹ כְּנֶגֶד שַׁעַר הַמִּזְרָח, שֶׁהוּא מְכֻוָּן כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית קָדְשֵׁי הַקָּדָשִׁים. לֹא יִכָּנֵס לְהַר הַבַּיִת בְּמַקְלוֹ, וּבְמִנְעָלוֹ, וּבְפֻנְדָּתוֹ, וּבְאָבָק שֶׁעַל רַגְלָיו, וְלֹא יַעֲשֶׂנּוּ קַפַּנְדַּרְיָא, וּרְקִיקָה מִקַּל וָחֹמֶר. כָּל חוֹתְמֵי בְרָכוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ, הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים מִן הָעוֹלָם. מִשֶּׁקִּלְקְלוּ הַמִּינִין, וְאָמְרוּ, אֵין עוֹלָם אֶלָּא אֶחָד, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ אוֹמְרִים, מִן הָעוֹלָם וְעַד הָעוֹלָם. וְהִתְקִינוּ, שֶׁיְּהֵא אָדָם שׁוֹאֵל אֶת שְׁלוֹם חֲבֵרוֹ בַּשֵּׁם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (רות ב) וְהִנֵּה בֹעַז בָּא מִבֵּית לֶחֶם, וַיֹּאמֶר לַקּוֹצְרִים יְיָ עִמָּכֶם, וַיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ, יְבָרֶכְךָ יְיָ. וְאוֹמֵר (שופטים ו) יְיָ עִמְּךָ גִּבּוֹר הֶחָיִל. וְאוֹמֵר (משלי כג) אַל תָּבוּז כִּי זָקְנָה אִמֶּךָ. וְאוֹמֵר (תהלים קיט) עֵת לַעֲשׂוֹת לַייָ הֵפֵרוּ ��וֹרָתֶךָ. רַבִּי נָתָן אוֹמֵר, הֵפֵרוּ תוֹרָתֶךָ עֵת לַעֲשׂוֹת לַייָ: \n"
|
96 |
+
]
|
97 |
+
],
|
98 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
99 |
+
"Chapter",
|
100 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
101 |
+
]
|
102 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Berakhot/Hebrew/merged.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
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1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Berakhot",
|
3 |
+
"language": "he",
|
4 |
+
"versionTitle": "merged",
|
5 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Berakhot",
|
6 |
+
"text": [
|
7 |
+
[
|
8 |
+
"מֵאֵימָתַי קוֹרִין אֶת שְׁמַע בְּעַרְבִית. מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁהַכֹּהֲנִים נִכְנָסִים לֶאֱכֹל בִּתְרוּמָתָן, עַד סוֹף הָאַשְׁמוּרָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַד חֲצוֹת. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשָּׁחַר. מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבָּאוּ בָנָיו מִבֵּית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה, אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לֹא קָרִינוּ אֶת שְׁמַע. אָמַר לָהֶם, אִם לֹא עָלָה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר, חַיָּבִין אַתֶּם לִקְרוֹת. וְלֹא זוֹ בִּלְבַד, אֶלָּא כָּל מַה שֶּׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים עַד חֲצוֹת, מִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשָּׁחַר. הֶקְטֵר חֲלָבִים וְאֵבָרִים, מִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשָּׁחַר. וְכָל הַנֶּאֱכָלִים לְיוֹם אֶחָד, מִצְוָתָן עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשָּׁחַר. אִם כֵּן, לָמָּה אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים עַד חֲצוֹת, כְּדֵי לְהַרְחִיק אֶת הָאָדָם מִן הָעֲבֵרָה: \n",
|
9 |
+
"מֵאֵימָתַי קוֹרִין אֶת שְׁמַע בְּשַׁחֲרִית. מִשֶּׁיַּכִּיר בֵּין תְּכֵלֶת לְלָבָן. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, בֵּין תְּכֵלֶת לְכַרְתִּי. וְגוֹמְרָהּ עַד הָנֵץ הַחַמָּה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, עַד שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת, שֶׁכֵּן דֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי מְלָכִים לַעֲמֹד בְּשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת. הַקּוֹרֵא מִכָּאן וְאֵילָךְ לֹא הִפְסִיד, כְּאָדָם הַקּוֹרֵא בַתּוֹרָה: \n",
|
10 |
+
"בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בָּעֶרֶב כָּל אָדָם יַטּוּ וְיִקְרְאוּ, וּבַבֹּקֶר יַעַמְדוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ו) וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, כָּל אָדָם קוֹרֵא כְדַרְכּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שם) וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶּרֶךְ. אִם כֵּן, לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם שׁוֹכְבִים, וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם עוֹמְדִים. אָמַר רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן, אֲנִי הָיִיתִי בָא בַדֶּרֶךְ, וְהִטֵּתִי לִקְרוֹת, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי, וְסִכַּנְתִּי בְעַצְמִי מִפְּנֵי הַלִּסְטִים. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, כְּדַי הָיִיתָ לָחוּב בְּעַצְמְךָ, שֶׁעָבַרְתָּ עַל דִּבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל: \n",
|
11 |
+
"בַּשַּׁחַר מְבָרֵךְ שְׁתַּיִם לְפָנֶיהָ וְאַחַת לְאַחֲרֶיהָ, וּבָעֶרֶב שְׁתַּיִם לְפָנֶיהָ וּשְׁתַּיִם לְאַחֲרֶיהָ. אַחַת אֲרֻכָּה וְאַחַת קְצָרָה. מָקוֹם שֶׁאָמְרוּ לְהַאֲרִיךְ, אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לְקַצֵּר. לְקַצֵּר, אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לְהַאֲרִיךְ. לַחְתֹּם, אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי שֶׁלֹּא לַחְתֹּם. וְשֶׁלֹּא לַחְתֹּם, אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לַחְתֹּם: \n",
|
12 |
+
"מַזְכִּירִין יְצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם בַּלֵּילוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, הֲרֵי אֲנִי כְּבֶן שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה, וְלֹא זָכִיתִי שֶׁתֵּאָמֵר יְצִיאַת מִצְרַיִם בַּלֵּילוֹת, עַד שֶׁדְּרָשָׁהּ בֶּן זוֹמָא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים טז) לְמַעַן תִּזְכֹּר אֶת יוֹם צֵאתְךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ. יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ, הַיָּמִים. כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ, הַלֵּילוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ, הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ, לְהָבִיא לִימוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ: \n"
|
13 |
+
],
|
14 |
+
[
|
15 |
+
"הָיָה קוֹרֵא בַתּוֹרָה, וְהִגִּיעַ זְמַן הַמִּקְרָא, אִם כִּוֵּן לִבּוֹ, יָצָא. וְאִם לָאו, לֹא יָצָא. בַּפְּרָקִים שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד וּמֵשִׁיב, וּבָאֶמְצַע שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַיִּרְאָה וּמֵשִׁיב, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בָּאֶמְצַע שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַיִּרְאָה, וּמֵשִׁיב מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד, בַּפְּרָקִים שׁוֹאֵל מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד, וּמֵשִׁיב שָׁלוֹם לְכָל אָדָם: \n",
|
16 |
+
"אֵלּוּ הֵן בֵּין הַפְּרָקִים, בֵּין בְּרָכָה רִאשׁוֹנָה לִשְׁנִיָּה, בֵּין שְׁנִיָּה לִשְׁמַע, וּבֵין שְׁמַע לִוְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ, בֵּין וְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ לְוַיֹּאמֶר, בֵּין וַיֹּאמֶר לֶאֱמֶת וְיַצִּיב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בֵּין וַיֹּאמֶר לֶאֱמֶת וְיַצִּיב לֹא יַפְסִיק. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן קָרְחָה, לָמָּה קָדְמָה שְׁמַע לִוְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ, אֶלָּא כְדֵי שֶׁיְּקַבֵּל עָלָיו עֹל מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם תְּחִלָּה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יְקַבֵּל עָלָיו עֹל מִצְוֹת. וְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ לְוַיֹּאמֶר, שֶׁוְהָיָה אִם שָׁמֹעַ נוֹהֵג בַּיּוֹם וּבַלַּיְלָה, וַיֹּאמֶר אֵינוֹ נוֹהֵג אֶלָּא בַּיּוֹם: \n",
|
17 |
+
"הַקּוֹרֵא אֶת שְׁמַע וְלֹא הִשְׁמִיעַ לְאָזְנוֹ, יָצָא. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, לֹא יָצָא. קָרָא וְלֹא דִקְדֵּק בְּאוֹתִיּוֹתֶיהָ, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר יָצָא, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר לֹא יָצָא. הַקּוֹרֵא לְמַפְרֵעַ, לֹא יָצָא. קָרָא וְטָעָה, יַחֲזֹר לְמָקוֹם שֶׁטָּעָה: \n",
|
18 |
+
"הָאֻמָּנִין קוֹרִין בְּרֹאשׁ הָאִילָן אוֹ בְרֹאשׁ הַנִּדְבָּךְ, מַה שֶּׁאֵינָן רַשָּׁאִין לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן בַּתְּפִלָּה: \n",
|
19 |
+
"חָתָן פָּטוּר מִקְּרִיאַת שְׁמַע בַּלַּיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן עַד מוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת, אִם לֹא עָשָׂה מַעֲשֶׂה. מַעֲשֶׂה בְּרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל שֶׁקָּרָא בַלַּיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנָּשָׂא. אָמְרוּ לוֹ תַּלְמִידָיו, לֹא לִמַּדְתָּנוּ, רַבֵּנוּ, שֶׁחָתָן פָּטוּר מִקְּרִיאַת שְׁמַע בַּלַּיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן. אָמַר לָהֶם, אֵינִי שׁוֹמֵעַ לָכֶם לְבַטֵּל מִמֶּנִּי מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם אֲפִלּוּ שָׁעָה אֶחָת: \n",
|
20 |
+
"רָחַץ לַיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁמֵּתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ תַלְמִידָיו, לֹא לִמַּדְתָּנוּ, רַבֵּנוּ, שֶׁאָבֵל אָסוּר לִרְחֹץ. אָמַר לָהֶם, אֵינִי כִשְׁאָר כָּל אָדָם, אִסְטְנִיס אָנִי: \n",
|
21 |
+
"וּכְשֶׁמֵּת טָבִי עַבְדּוֹ, קִבֵּל עָלָיו תַּנְחוּמִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ תַּלְמִידָיו, לֹא לִמַּדְתָּנוּ רַבֵּנוּ, שֶׁאֵין מְקַבְּלִין תַּנְחוּמִין עַל הָעֲבָדִים. אָמַר לָהֶם, אֵין טָבִי עַבְדִּי כִּשְׁאָר כָּל הָעֲבָדִים, כָּשֵׁר הָיָה: \n",
|
22 |
+
"חָתָן אִם רָצָה לִקְרוֹת קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע לַיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן, קוֹרֵא. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, לֹא כָל הָרוֹצֶה לִטֹּל אֶת הַשֵּׁם יִטֹּל: \n"
|
23 |
+
],
|
24 |
+
[
|
25 |
+
"מִי שֶׁמֵּתוֹ מוּטָל לְפָנָיו, פָּטוּר מִקְּרִיאַת שְׁמַע, מִן הַתְּפִלָּה וּמִן הַתְּפִלִּין. נוֹשְׂאֵי הַמִּטָּה וְחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וְחִלּוּפֵי חִלּוּפֵיהֶן, אֶת שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמִּטָּה וְאֶת שֶׁלְּאַחַר הַמִּטָּה, אֶת שֶׁלַּמִּטָּה צֹרֶךְ בָּהֶן פְּטוּרִים, וְאֶת שֶׁאֵין לַמִּטָּה צֹרֶךְ בָּהֶן חַיָּבִין. אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ פְּטוּרִים מִן הַתְּפִלָּה: \n",
|
26 |
+
"קָבְרוּ אֶת הַמֵּת וְחָזְרו��, אִם יְכוֹלִין לְהַתְחִיל וְלִגְמֹר עַד שֶׁלֹּא יַגִּיעוּ לַשּׁוּרָה, יַתְחִילוּ. וְאִם לָאו, לֹא יַתְחִילוּ. הָעוֹמְדִים בַּשּׁוּרָה, הַפְּנִימִים פְּטוּרִים, וְהַחִיצוֹנִים חַיָּבִין: \n",
|
27 |
+
"נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים פְּטוּרִין מִקְּרִיאַת שְׁמַע וּמִן הַתְּפִלִּין, וְחַיָּבִין בִּתְפִלָּה וּבִמְזוּזָה, וּבְבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן: \n",
|
28 |
+
"בַּעַל קֶרִי מְהַרְהֵר בְּלִבּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ מְבָרֵךְ, לֹא לְפָנֶיהָ וְלֹא לְאַחֲרֶיהָ. וְעַל הַמָּזוֹן מְבָרֵךְ לְאַחֲרָיו, וְאֵינוֹ מְבָרֵךְ לְפָנָיו. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מְבָרֵךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם וּלְאַחֲרֵיהֶם: \n",
|
29 |
+
"הָיָה עוֹמֵד בַּתְּפִלָּה, וְנִזְכַּר שֶׁהוּא בַעַל קְרִי, לֹא יַפְסִיק, אֶלָּא יְקַצֵּר. יָרַד לִטְבֹּל, אִם יָכוֹל לַעֲלוֹת וּלְהִתְכַּסּוֹת וְלִקְרוֹת עַד שֶׁלֹּא תָנֵץ הַחַמָּה, יַעֲלֶה וְיִתְכַּסֶּה וְיִקְרָא. וְאִם לָאו, יִתְכַּסֶּה בַמַּיִם וְיִקְרָא. אֲבָל לֹא יִתְכַּסֶּה, לֹא בַמַּיִם הָרָעִים וְלֹא בְמֵי הַמִּשְׁרָה, עַד שֶׁיַּטִּיל לְתוֹכָן מָיִם. וְכַמָּה יַרְחִיק מֵהֶם וּמִן הַצּוֹאָה, אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת: \n",
|
30 |
+
"זָב שֶׁרָאָה קְרִי, וְנִדָּה שֶׁפָּלְטָה שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, וְהַמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת שֶׁרָאֲתָה נִדָּה, צְרִיכִין טְבִילָה, וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹטֵר: \n"
|
31 |
+
],
|
32 |
+
[
|
33 |
+
"תְּפִלַּת הַשַּׁחַר, עַד חֲצוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד אַרְבַּע שָׁעוֹת. תְּפִלַּת הַמִּנְחָה עַד הָעֶרֶב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד פְּלַג הַמִּנְחָה. תְּפִלַּת הָעֶרֶב אֵין לָהּ קֶבַע. וְשֶׁל מוּסָפִין כָּל הַיּוֹם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁבַע שָׁעוֹת: ",
|
34 |
+
"רַבִּי נְחוּנְיָא בֶּן הַקָּנָה הָיָה מִתְפַּלֵּל בִּכְנִיסָתוֹ לְבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ וּבִיצִיאָתוֹ תְּפִלָּה קְצָרָה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַה מָּקוֹם לִתְפִלָּה זוֹ. אָמַר לָהֶם, בִּכְנִיסָתִי אֲנִי מִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁלֹּא תֶאֱרַע תַּקָלָה עַל יָדִי, וּבִיצִיאָתִי אֲנִי נוֹתֵן הוֹדָיָה עַל חֶלְקִי: ",
|
35 |
+
"רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, בְּכָל יוֹם מִתְפַּלֵּל אָדָם שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, מֵעֵין שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אִם שְׁגוּרָה תְפִלָּתוֹ בְּפִיו, יִתְפַּלֵּל שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. וְאִם לָאו, מֵעֵין שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה: ",
|
36 |
+
"רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הָעוֹשֶׂה תְפִלָּתוֹ קֶבַע, אֵין תְּפִלָּתוֹ תַּחֲנוּנִים. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, הַמְהַלֵּךְ בִּמְקוֹם סַכָּנָה, מִתְפַּלֵּל תְּפִלָּה קְצָרָה. אוֹמֵר, הוֹשַׁע הַשֵּׁם אֶת עַמְּךָ אֶת שְׁאֵרִית יִשְׂרָאֵל, בְּכָל פָּרָשַׁת הָעִבּוּר יִהְיוּ צָרְכֵיהֶם לְפָנֶיךָ. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה' שׁוֹמֵעַ תְּפִלָּה: ",
|
37 |
+
"הָיָה רוֹכֵב עַל הַחֲמוֹר, יֵרֵד. וְאִם אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לֵירֵד, יַחֲזִיר אֶת פָּנָיו, וְאִם אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהַחֲזִיר אֶת פָּנָיו, יְכַוֵּן אֶת לִבּוֹ כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית קֹדֶשׁ הַקָּדָשִׁים: ",
|
38 |
+
"הָיָה יוֹשֵׁב בִּסְפִינָה אוֹ בְקָרוֹן אוֹ בְאַסְדָּה, יְכַוֵּן אֶת לִבּוֹ כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית קֹדֶש הַקָּדָשִׁים: ",
|
39 |
+
"רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין תְּפִלַּת הַמּוּסָפִין אֶלָּא בְּחֶבֶר עִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹ��ְרִים, בְּחֶבֶר עִיר וְשֶׁלֹּא בְחֶבֶר עִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מִשְּׁמוֹ, כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ חֶבֶר עִיר, הַיָּחִיד פָּטוּר מִתְּפִלַּת הַמּוּסָפִין: "
|
40 |
+
],
|
41 |
+
[
|
42 |
+
"אֵין עוֹמְדִין לְהִתְפַּלֵּל אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ כֹּבֶד רֹאשׁ. חֲסִידִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים הָיוּ שׁוֹהִים שָׁעָה אַחַת וּמִתְפַּלְּלִים, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּכַוְּנוּ אֶת לִבָּם לַמָּקוֹם. אֲפִלּוּ הַמֶּלֶךְ שׁוֹאֵל בִּשְׁלוֹמוֹ, לֹא יְשִׁיבֶנּוּ. וַאֲפִלּוּ נָחָשׁ כָּרוּךְ עַל עֲקֵבוֹ, לֹא יַפְסִיק: \n",
|
43 |
+
"מַזְכִּירִין גְּבוּרוֹת גְּשָׁמִים בִּתְחִיַּת הַמֵּתִים, וְשׁוֹאֲלִין הַגְּשָׁמִים בְּבִרְכַּת הַשָּׁנִים, וְהַבְדָּלָה בְּחוֹנֵן הַדָּעַת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אוֹמְרָהּ בְּרָכָה רְבִיעִית בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, בְּהוֹדָאָה: \n",
|
44 |
+
"הָאוֹמֵר עַל קַן צִפּוֹר יַגִּיעוּ רַחֲמֶיךָ, וְעַל טוֹב יִזָּכֵר שְׁמֶךָ, מוֹדִים מוֹדִים, מְשַׁתְּקִין אוֹתוֹ. הָעוֹבֵר לִפְנֵי הַתֵּיבָה וְטָעָה, יַעֲבֹר אַחֵר תַּחְתָּיו, וְלֹא יְהֵא סָרְבָן בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה. מִנַּיִן הוּא מַתְחִיל, מִתְּחִלַּת הַבְּרָכָה שֶׁטָּעָה בָהּ: \n",
|
45 |
+
"הָעוֹבֵר לִפְנֵי הַתֵּיבָה, לֹא יַעֲנֶה אַחַר הַכֹּהֲנִים אָמֵן, מִפְּנֵי הַטֵּרוּף. וְאִם אֵין שָׁם כֹּהֵן אֶלָּא הוּא, לֹא יִשָּׂא אֶת כַּפָּיו. וְאִם הַבְטָחָתוֹ שֶׁהוּא נוֹשֵׂא אֶת כַּפָּיו וְחוֹזֵר לִתְפִלָּתוֹ, רַשַּׁאי: \n",
|
46 |
+
"הַמִּתְפַּלֵּל וְטָעָה, סִימָן רַע לוֹ. וְאִם שְׁלִיחַ צִבּוּר הוּא, סִימָן רַע לְשׁוֹלְחָיו, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁשְּׁלוּחוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם כְּמוֹתוֹ. אָמְרוּ עָלָיו עַל רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶן דּוֹסָא, כְּשֶׁהָיָה מִתְפַּלֵּל עַל הַחוֹלִים וְאוֹמֵר, זֶה חַי וְזֶה מֵת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מִנַּיִן אַתָּה יוֹדֵעַ. אָמַר לָהֶם, אִם שְׁגוּרָה תְפִלָּתִי בְּפִי, יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁהוּא מְקֻבָּל. וְאִם לָאו, יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁהוּא מְטֹרָף: \n"
|
47 |
+
],
|
48 |
+
[
|
49 |
+
"כֵּיצַד מְבָרְכִין עַל הַפֵּרוֹת. עַל פֵּרוֹת הָאִילָן אוֹמֵר, בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָעֵץ, חוּץ מִן הַיַּיִן, שֶׁעַל הַיַּיִן אוֹמֵר בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הַגָּפֶן. וְעַל פֵּרוֹת הָאָרֶץ אוֹמֵר בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה, חוּץ מִן הַפַּת, שֶׁעַל הַפַּת הוּא אוֹמֵר הַמּוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ. וְעַל הַיְרָקוֹת אוֹמֵר בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בּוֹרֵא מִינֵי דְשָׁאִים: \n",
|
50 |
+
"בֵּרַךְ עַל פֵּרוֹת הָאִילָן בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָאֲדָמָה, יָצָא. וְעַל פֵּרוֹת הָאָרֶץ בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הָעֵץ, לֹא יָצָא. עַל כֻּלָּם אִם אָמַר שֶׁהַכֹּל נִהְיָה, יָצָא: \n",
|
51 |
+
"עַל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין גִּדּוּלוֹ מִן הָאָרֶץ אוֹמֵר שֶׁהַכֹּל. עַל הַחֹמֶץ וְעַל הַנּוֹבְלוֹת וְעַל הַגּוֹבַאי אוֹמֵר שֶׁהַכֹּל. עַל הֶחָלָב וְעַל הַגְּבִינָה וְעַל הַבֵּיצִים אוֹמֵר שֶׁהַכֹּל. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁהוּא מִין קְלָלָה אֵין מְבָרְכִין עָלָיו: \n",
|
52 |
+
"הָיוּ לְפָנָיו מִינִים הַרְבֵּה, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶם מִמִּין שִׁבְעָה, מְבָרֵךְ עָלָיו. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מְבָרֵךְ עַל אֵיזֶה מֵהֶם שֶׁיִּרְצֶה: \n",
|
53 |
+
"בֵּרַךְ עַל הַיַּיִן שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמָּזוֹן, פָּטַר אֶת הַיַּיִן שֶׁלְּאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן. בֵּרַךְ עַל הַפַּרְפֶּרֶת שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמָּזוֹן, פָּטַר אֶת הַפַּרְפֶּרֶת שֶׁלְּאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן. בֵּרַךְ עַל הַפַּת, פָּטַר אֶת הַפַּרְפֶּרֶת. עַל הַפַּרְפֶּרֶת, לֹא פָטַר אֶת הַפָּת. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אַף לֹא מַעֲשֵׂה קְדֵרָה: \n",
|
54 |
+
"הָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִין לֶאֱכֹל, כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְעַצְמוֹ. הֵסֵבּוּ, אֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְכֻלָּן. בָּא לָהֶם יַיִן בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּזוֹן, כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְעַצְמוֹ. לְאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן, אֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְכֻלָּם. וְהוּא אוֹמֵר עַל הַמֻּגְמָר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין מְבִיאִין אֶת הַמֻּגְמָר אֶלָּא לְאַחַר הַסְּעֻדָּה: \n",
|
55 |
+
"הֵבִיאוּ לְפָנָיו מָלִיחַ בַּתְּחִלָּה וּפַת עִמּוֹ, מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַמָּלִיחַ וּפוֹטֵר אֶת הַפַּת, שֶׁהַפַּת טְפֵלָה לוֹ. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא עִקָּר וְעִמּוֹ טְפֵלָה, מְבָרֵךְ עַל הָעִקָּר וּפוֹטֵר אֶת הַטְּפֵלָה: \n",
|
56 |
+
"אָכַל תְּאֵנִים עֲנָבִים וְרִמּוֹנִים, מְבָרֵךְ אַחֲרֵיהֶן שָׁלשׁ בְּרָכוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בְּרָכָה אַחַת מֵעֵין שָׁלשׁ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ אָכַל שֶׁלֶק וְהוּא מְזוֹנוֹ, מְבָרֵךְ אַחֲרָיו שָׁלשׁ בְּרָכוֹת. הַשּׁוֹתֶה מַיִם לִצְמָאוֹ, אוֹמֵר שֶׁהַכֹּל נִהְיֶה בִּדְבָרוֹ. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, בּוֹרֵא נְפָשׁוֹת רַבּוֹת: \n"
|
57 |
+
],
|
58 |
+
[
|
59 |
+
"שְׁלשָׁה שֶׁאָכְלוּ כְאֶחָד, חַיָּבִין לְזַמֵּן. אָכַל דְּמַאי, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, וְהַשַּׁמָּשׁ שֶׁאָכַל כַּזַּיִת, וְהַכּוּתִי, מְזַמְּנִין עֲלֵיהֶם. אֲבָל אָכַל טֶבֶל, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדּוּ, וְהַשַּׁמָּשׁ שֶׁאָכַל פָּחוֹת מִכַּזַּיִת, וְהַנָּכְרִי, אֵין מְזַמְּנִין עֲלֵיהֶם: \n",
|
60 |
+
"נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים, אֵין מְזַמְּנִין עֲלֵיהֶם. עַד כַּמָּה מְזַמְּנִין, עַד כַּזָּיִת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד כַּבֵּיצָה: \n",
|
61 |
+
"כֵּיצַד מְזַמְּנִין, בִּשְׁלשָׁה אוֹמֵר נְבָרֵךְ. בִּשְׁלשָׁה וְהוּא, אוֹמֵר בָּרְכוּ. בַּעֲשָׂרָה, אוֹמֵר נְבָרֵךְ לֵאלֹהֵינוּ. בַּעֲשָׂרָה וָהוּא, אוֹמֵר בָּרְכוּ. אֶחָד עֲשָׂרָה וְאֶחָד עֲשָׂרָה רִבּוֹא. בְּמֵאָה אוֹמֵר, נְבָרֵךְ לַייָ אֱלֹהֵינוּ. בְּמֵאָה וְהוּא, אוֹמֵר בָּרְכוּ. בְּאֶלֶף, אוֹמֵר נְבָרֵךְ לַייָ אֱלֹהֵינוּ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. בְּאֶלֶף וְהוּא, אוֹמֵר בָּרְכוּ. בְּרִבּוֹא, אוֹמֵר, נְבָרֵךְ לַייָ אֱלֹהֵינוּ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת יוֹשֵׁב הַכְּרוּבִים עַל הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁאָכָלְנוּ. בְּרִבּוֹא וְהוּא, אוֹמֵר בָּרְכוּ. כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁהוּא מְבָרֵךְ, כָּךְ עוֹנִין אַחֲרָיו, בָּרוּךְ יְיָ אֱלֹהֵינוּ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֱלֹהֵי הַצְּבָאוֹת יוֹשֵׁב הַכְּרוּבִים עַל הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁאָכָלְנוּ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר, לְפִי רֹב הַקָּהָל הֵן מְבָרְכִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּמַקְהֵלוֹת בָּרְכוּ אֱלֹהִים, יְיָ מִמְּקוֹר יִשְׂרָאֵל (תהלים סח). אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, מַה מָּצִינוּ בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, אֶחָד מְרֻבִּין וְאֶחָד מֻעָטִין אוֹמֵר, בָּרְכוּ אֶת יְיָ. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, בָּרְכוּ אֶת יְיָ הַמְבֹרָךְ: \n",
|
62 |
+
"שְׁלשָׁה שֶׁאָכְלוּ כְאֶחָד, אֵינָן רַשָּׁאִין לֵחָלֵק, וְכֵן אַרְבָּעָה, וְכֵן חֲמִשָּׁה. שִׁשָּׁה נֶחֱלָקִין, עַד עֲשָׂרָה. וַעֲשָׂרָה אֵינָן נֶחֱלָקִין, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ עֶשְׂרִים: \n",
|
63 |
+
"שְׁתֵּי חֲבוּרוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹכְלוֹת בְּבַיִת אֶחָד, בִּזְמַן שֶׁמִּקְצָתָן רוֹאִין אֵלּוּ אֶת אֵלּוּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִצְטָרְפִים לְזִמּוּן. וְאִם לָאו, אֵלּוּ מְזַמְּנִין לְעַצְמָן, וְאֵלּוּ מְזַמְּנִין לְעַצְמָן. אֵין מְבָרְכִין עַל הַיַּיִן עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן לְתוֹכוֹ מַיִם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מְבָרְכִין: \n"
|
64 |
+
],
|
65 |
+
[
|
66 |
+
"אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁבֵּין בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּבֵית הִלֵּל בַּסְּעֻדָּה. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיּוֹם וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיַּיִן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיַּיִן וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיּוֹם: \n",
|
67 |
+
"בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נוֹטְלִין לַיָּדַיִם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מוֹזְגִין אֶת הַכּוֹס. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מוֹזְגִין אֶת הַכּוֹס וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹטְלִין לַיָּדָיִם: \n",
|
68 |
+
"בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מְקַנֵּחַ יָדָיו בַּמַּפָּה וּמַנִּיחָהּ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, עַל הַכֶּסֶת: \n",
|
69 |
+
"בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מְכַבְּדִין אֶת הַבַּיִת וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹטְלִין לַיָּדַיִם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, נוֹטְלִין לַיָּדַיִם וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְכַבְּדִין אֶת הַבָּיִת: \n",
|
70 |
+
"בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נֵר וּמָזוֹן וּבְשָׂמִים וְהַבְדָּלָה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, נֵר וּבְשָׂמִים וּמָזוֹן וְהַבְדָּלָה. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שֶׁבָּרָא מְאוֹר הָאֵשׁ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בּוֹרֵא מְאוֹרֵי הָאֵשׁ: \n",
|
71 |
+
"אֵין מְבָרְכִין לֹא עַל הַנֵּר וְלֹא עַל הַבְּשָׂמִים שֶׁל עוֹבְדֵי כוֹכָבִים, וְלֹא עַל הַנֵּר וְלֹא עַל הַבְּשָׂמִים שֶׁל מֵתִים, וְלֹא עַל הַנֵּר וְלֹא עַל הַבְּשָׂמִים שֶׁלִּפְנֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. אֵין מְבָרְכִין עַל הַנֵּר עַד שֶׁיֵּאוֹתוּ לְאוֹרוֹ: \n",
|
72 |
+
"מִי שֶׁאָכַל וְשָׁכַח וְלֹא בֵרַךְ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יַחֲזֹר לִמְקוֹמוֹ וִיבָרֵךְ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, יְבָרֵךְ בַּמָּקוֹם שֶׁנִּזְכָּר. עַד אֵימָתַי הוּא מְבָרֵךְ. עַד כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְעַכֵּל הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁבְּמֵעָיו: \n",
|
73 |
+
"בָּא לָהֶם יַיִן לְאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן וְאֵין שָׁם אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ הַכּוֹס, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיַּיִן וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַמָּזוֹן. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַמָּזוֹן וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַיָּיִן. עוֹנִין אָמֵן אַחַר יִשְׂרָאֵל הַמְבָרֵךְ, וְאֵין עוֹנִין אָמֵן אַחַר הַכּוּתִי הַמְבָרֵךְ, עַד שֶׁיִּשְׁמַע כָּל הַבְּרָכָה: \n"
|
74 |
+
],
|
75 |
+
[
|
76 |
+
"הָרוֹאֶה מָקוֹם שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ בוֹ נִסִּים לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ שֶׁעָשָׂה נִסִּים לַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ בַּמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה. מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּעֶקְרָה מִמֶּנּוּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ שֶׁעָקַר עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מֵאַרְצֵנוּ: \n",
|
77 |
+
"עַל הַזִּיקִין, וְעַל הַזְּוָעוֹת, וְעַל הַבְּרָקִים, וְעַל הָרְעָמִים, וְעַל הָרוּחוֹת, אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ שֶׁכֹּחוֹ וּגְבוּרָתוֹ מָלֵא עוֹלָם. עַל הֶהָרִים, וְעַל הַגְּבָעוֹת, וְעַל הַיַּמִּים, וְעַל הַנְּהָרוֹת, וְעַל הַמִּדְבָּרוֹת, אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ עוֹשֵׂה מַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָרוֹאֶה אֶת הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ שֶׁעָשָׂה אֶת הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל, בִּזְמַן שֶׁרוֹאֶה אוֹתוֹ לִפְרָקִים. עַל הַגְּשָׁמִים וְעַל הַבְּשׂוֹרוֹת הַטּוֹבוֹת אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ הַטּוֹב וְהַמֵּטִיב, וְעַל שְׁמוּעוֹת רָעוֹת אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ דַּיַּן הָאֱמֶת: \n",
|
78 |
+
"בָּנָה בַיִת חָדָשׁ, וְקָנָה כֵלִים חֲדָשִׁים, אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ שֶׁהֶחֱיָנוּ. מְבָרֵךְ עַל הָרָעָה מֵעֵין הַטּוֹבָה, וְעַל הַטּוֹבָה מֵעֵין הָרָעָה. הַצּוֹעֵק לְשֶׁעָבַר, הֲרֵי זוֹ תְּפִלַּת שָׁוְא. כֵּיצַד. הָיְתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ מְעֻבֶּרֶת, וְאָמַר, יְהִי רָצוֹן שֶׁתֵּלֵד אִשְׁתִּי זָכָר, הֲרֵי זוֹ תְּפִלַּת שָׁוְא. הָיָה בָא בַדֶּרֶךְ וְשָׁמַע קוֹל צְוָחָה בָּעִיר, וְאָמַר יְהִי רָצוֹן שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ אֵלּוּ בְּנֵי בֵיתִי, הֲרֵי זוֹ תְּפִלַּת שָׁוְא: \n",
|
79 |
+
"הַנִּכְנָס לִכְרַךְ מִתְפַּלֵּל שְׁתַּיִם, אַחַת בִּכְנִיסָתוֹ וְאַחַת בִּיצִיאָתוֹ. בֶּן עַזַּאי אוֹמֵר, אַרְבַּע, שְׁתַּיִם בִּכְנִיסָתוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם בִּיצִיאָתוֹ, וְנוֹתֵן הוֹדָאָה לְשֶׁעָבַר, וְצוֹעֵק לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא: \n",
|
80 |
+
"חַיָּב אָדָם לְבָרֵךְ עַל הָרָעָה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא מְבָרֵךְ עַל הַטּוֹבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ו) וְאָהַבְתָּ אֵת יְיָ אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁךָ וּבְכָל מְאֹדֶךָ. בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ, בִּשְׁנֵי יְצָרֶיךָ, בְּיֵצֶר טוֹב וּבְיֵצֶר רָע. וּבְכָל נַפְשְׁךָ, אֲפִלּוּ הוּא נוֹטֵל אֶת נַפְשֶׁךָ. וּבְכָל מְאֹדֶךָ, בְּכָל מָמוֹנֶךָ. דָּבָר אַחֵר בְּכָל מְאֹדֶךָ, בְּכָל מִדָּה וּמִדָּה שֶׁהוּא מוֹדֵד לְךָ הֱוֵי מוֹדֶה לוֹ בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד. לֹא יָקֵל אָדָם אֶת רֹאשׁוֹ כְּנֶגֶד שַׁעַר הַמִּזְרָח, שֶׁהוּא מְכֻוָּן כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית קָדְשֵׁי הַקָּדָשִׁים. לֹא יִכָּנֵס לְהַר הַבַּיִת בְּמַקְלוֹ, וּבְמִנְעָלוֹ, וּבְפֻנְדָּתוֹ, וּבְאָבָק שֶׁעַל רַגְלָיו, וְלֹא יַעֲשֶׂנּוּ קַפַּנְדַּרְיָא, וּרְקִיקָה מִקַּל וָחֹמֶר. כָּל חוֹתְמֵי בְרָכוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ, הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים מִן הָעוֹלָם. מִשֶּׁקִּלְקְלוּ הַמִּינִין, וְאָמְרוּ, אֵין עוֹלָם אֶלָּא אֶחָד, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ אוֹמְרִים, מִן הָעוֹלָם וְעַד הָעוֹלָם. וְהִתְקִינוּ, שֶׁיְּהֵא אָדָם שׁוֹאֵל אֶת שְׁלוֹם חֲבֵרוֹ בַּשֵּׁם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (רות ב) וְהִנֵּה בֹעַז בָּא מִבֵּית לֶחֶם, וַיֹּאמֶר לַקּוֹצְרִים יְיָ עִמָּכֶם, וַיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ, יְבָרֶכְךָ יְיָ. וְאוֹמֵר (שופטים ו) יְיָ עִמְּךָ גִּבּוֹר הֶחָיִל. וְאוֹמֵר (משלי כג) אַל תָּבוּז כִּי זָקְנָה אִמֶּךָ. וְאוֹמֵר (תהלים קיט) עֵת לַעֲשׂוֹת לַייָ הֵפֵרוּ תוֹרָתֶךָ. רַבִּי נָתָן אוֹמֵר, הֵפֵרוּ תוֹרָתֶךָ עֵת לַעֲשׂוֹת לַייָ: \n"
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|
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json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/English/Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json
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{
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"language": "en",
|
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"title": "Mishnah Maasrot",
|
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"versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002182155/NLI",
|
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"versionTitle": "Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr]",
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|
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"Mishnah",
|
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"Seder Zeraim"
|
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|
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"text": [
|
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[
|
20 |
+
"On a établi une règle générale pour la dîme: tout ce qui se mange, que l’on conserve et qui croît sur terre<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"La même règle est usitée pour la Péa. Voir ce traité, 1, 4. Cf. Babli, Shabat 68a; Nida 50a.\"</i>, est soumis aux dîmes. Voici une autre règle: ce qui est un manger aussi bien dès le commencement de son développement qu’à la fin, bien que l’on ait l’habitude de la conserver jusqu’à sa croissance extrême, est soumis aux dîmes, qu’il soit encore petit, ou déjà grand. Mais, lorsqu’au commencement ce n’est pas un objet habituel de consommation et qu’il le devient plus tard (à sa maturité), il n’y sera soumis que lorsqu’il sera devenu bon à manger.",
|
21 |
+
"A partir de quel moment les fruits sont-ils soumis aux dîmes? Pour les figues, lorsqu’elles commencent à se colorer<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Nida 47a.</i> du haut (à blanchir près de la tige); le raisin et le verjus, lorsqu’il devient transparent; le fruit du cornouiller<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Voir (Pea 1, 5).</i> et les mûres<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> De même en arabe: eq. de morum.</i>, lorsqu’ils rougissent; et tous les fruits rouges lorsqu’ils atteignent cette couleur; les grenades, lorsqu’elles s‘amollissent; les dattes, lorsqu’elles se fendillent par excès de sève; les pêches, lorsqu’elles semblent veinées; les noix, lorsqu’elles se détachent de la 1re écorce qui leur sert de garde. Selon R. Juda, l’époque précise pour les noix et les amandes est lorsque leur peau interne est formée (pouvant se détacher).",
|
22 |
+
"Pour les caroubes, l’obligation de la dîme commence lorsqu’ils se couvrent de points noirs; et, en général, pour tous les fruits noirs, lorsqu’ils commencent à être pointillés. Pour les poires (moriega), les orangers (poires de paradis), les coings et les sorbes (ou alises)<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">18</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ces mêmes termes se retrouvent en (Kilayim 1, 4)</i>, c’est à partir du moment où ils se pellent (où le duvet tombe); et il en est de même pour tous les fruits clairs. Le fenugrec y est soumis dès qu’il est apte à la reproduction<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">19</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Babli, Rosh Hashana 12b.</i>; pour les blé et les olives, lorsqu’ils sont parvenus au tiers de la maturité.",
|
23 |
+
"En fait de légumes verts, les courges, les concombres, les potirons, les melons, outre les pommes et les cédrats (parmi les produits des arbres), sont soumis aux divers droits, qu’ils soient grands ou petits. R. Simon en dispense les cédrats<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> B. Suka 36a.</i> aussi longtemps qu’ils sont petits (peu mûrs). L’époque à laquelle les amandes amères sont soumises aux droits<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Mishna, (Hulin 1, 6) (Babli, ib., 25b).</i> (que l’on mange toutes petites) n’est pas celle des amandes douces (que l’on mangera de préférence plus tard); et, à l’inverse, l’époque des amandes douces n’est pas celle des amères (pour la même raison).",
|
24 |
+
"A quel moment les fruits sont-ils considérés comme complètement cueillis<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Cf. Babli, Betsa, 13b; Baba Metsia 88b.\"</i> et soumis aux dîmes (comme le blé au grenier)? Les courges et les concombres, lorsqu’ils n’ont plus de duvet, peco\", ou, à défaut de cet indice, lorsqu’on les entasse. Pour les potirons aussi, lorsqu’ils perdent leur duvet, ou, à défaut de cet indice, lorsqu’on les range pour les sécher. Pour les légumes verts que l’on a l’habitude de mettre en bottes<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Cf. Babli, Rosh Hashana 12a; Hulin 7a.\"</i>, dès qu’on les ficèle, ou, à défaut, dès qu’on a rempli la hotte servant à les réunir; ou encore, à défaut de cette indication, lorsqu’on a réuni autant qu’il en faut pour ses besoins. Le panier de figues est soumis aux dîmes lorsqu’on les couvre de feuilles (en signe d’achèvement); ou, à défaut, lorsqu’on a rempli le panier; ou encore, lorsqu’on en a réuni autant qu’il en faut pour ses besoins. Dans quel cas toutes ces règles sont-elles applicables? Lorsqu’on porte ces fruits au marché; mais lorsqu’on les porte chez soi, on peut en manger accidentellement jusqu’à l’arrivée à la maison.",
|
25 |
+
"Les grenades fendues (pour sécher), les raisins secs et les caroubes y sont soumis, dès qu’on les entasse; les oignons lorsqu’ils se pellent, ou, à défaut, lorsqu’on les entasse. Le blé y est soumis lorsqu’on a ratissé le monceau; ou, à défaut de ce soin, lorsqu’on l’amoncelle. Les légumes secs, lorsqu’on les vanne; ou, à défaut, lorsqu’on en ratisse le tas. Cependant, même après cet acte, on peut prendre et manger des épis brisés (non battus), ou des côtés, ou de ce qui est encore mêlé à la paille.",
|
26 |
+
"Le vin y est soumis<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">32</sup><i class=\"footnote\">\"Cf. Babli, Baba Metsia 92b; Avoda Zara 56a.\"</i> lorsqu’on écume le résidu (qui monte à la surface par la fermentation). Pourtant, même après cet acte, on peut en puiser de la cuve supérieure, ou de la rigole (qui précède la cuve) et en boire. L’huile y est soumise à partir du moment où elle descend dans le récipient en fosse; et, même après qu’elle est descendue, on peut en prendre du sac de cordes (pour comprimer les olives), ou de ce qui se trouve entre les meules, ou entre les poutres du pressoir, en enduire les gâteaux<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">33</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Le Arukh, éd. Landau, rappelle l'équivalent Focaccia. On les rend lisses à l'huile, au sortir du four.</i> minces (flancs), en mettre dans la marmite; mais on n’en prendra pas pour le pot ou la poêle, pendant que les mets y cuisent (tout mets cuit est soumis à la dîme). Selon R. Juda, on peut en mettre dans tout, sauf dans ce qui contient du vinaigre ou un acide<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">34</sup><i class=\"footnote\">\"Ce qui contribue à la cuisson et en fait un mets. Cf. Babli, Shabat 42b; Pessahim 40b.\"</i>.",
|
27 |
+
"Le rond de figues comprimées y est soumis depuis le moment où on le rend lisse, ce que l’on peut faire avec du jus de figues ou de raisins non libérés. Selon R. Juda, c’est interdit (il leur attribue de la valeur). Un gâteau de figues frotté de raisins<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Tossefta sur le Taharoth, 10. Cf. Babli, Shabat 145a.</i> ne devient pas pour cela apte à devenir impur; selon R. Juda, il le devient. Les figues sèches y sont soumises lorsqu’on les comprime au tonneau; ou, ce qui est au grenier, dès qu’on l’arrondit à la main. Si, au moment de battre les figues dans le tonneau, ou d’arrondir le dépôt du grenier, le tonneau se brise, ou le grenier s’ouvre, on ne doit plus en manger, même accidentellement (sans le libérer); mais R. Yossé le permet."
|
28 |
+
],
|
29 |
+
[
|
30 |
+
"Si, en passant sur la place publique, un individu (soupçonné de retenir les dîmes), offre des figues, on peut en manger sans crainte<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ces fruits, n'ayant sans doute jamais été rentrés, ne sont pas encore soumis aux dîmes.</i>. En conséquence, si l’on apporte ce don à la maison, il faut le rédimer avec certitude (c’est devenu une valeur soumise aux dîmes). Si on a dit, en l’offrant, de l’emporter chez soi, il n’est pas permis d’en manger passagèrement (et les dîmes sont dues); aussi, dès que ces produits sont rentrés, on en prélève ce qui est dû pour le doute, demaï<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> C. à d. l'oblation de la dîme seule ou 1/100.</i>.",
|
31 |
+
"Si des personnes devant une porte ou une boutique offrent des figues, on peut en manger sans crainte; mais le propriétaire lui-même, assis chez lui (à sa porte ou dans la boutique), doit la dîme sur ce qu’il a recueilli. Selon R. Juda, on en est dispensé jusqu’à ce que l’on tourne le dos à la rue pour manger (ce qui constitue une installation d’intérieur), ou que l’on change de place.",
|
32 |
+
"Si l’on importe des fruits de Galilée en Judée, ou si l’on monte à Jérusalem, on peut en manger en route jusqu’à ce que l’on arrive à destination, et de même si on les remporte au lieu de départ. Selon R. Meir, on peut en manger jusqu’à l’arrivée au lieu où l’on se reposera le samedi. Quant aux marchands d’épices qui colportent dans les villes, ils peuvent manger de leurs fruits jusqu’à l’arrivée à l’endroit où ils passent la nuit. Selon R. Juda, dès l’arrivée à la première maison de la ville où l’on séjournera, la résidence est acquise (et la libération des dîmes est due).",
|
33 |
+
"Lorsqu’on a prélevé l’oblation sacerdotale de certains fruits<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Betsa 35a.</i> avant l’achèvement de la rentrée (ce qui les rend aptes aux dîmes), il n’est plus permis, selon R. Eliézer, d’en manger même accidentellement, selon les autres sages, cela est permis, excepté pour le panier de figues (sa constitution lui donne de la valeur). Ainsi, lorsqu’on a prélevé l’oblation sacerdotale d’un panier de figues, il est encore permis, selon R. Simon, d’en manger passagèrement; selon les autres sages, c’est interdit.",
|
34 |
+
"Lorsqu’on dit à son prochain: “voici un issar<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Pour cette monnaie, ou as romain</i> pour lequel tu me donneras 5 figues”, il n’est pas permis d’en manger sans les rédimer (la vente implique ce devoir). Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Selon R. Juda, si on en mange une à une, c’est permis; mais si l’on en réunit au moins deux, l’obligation de la dîme subsiste. R. Juda raconte que dans un jardin de roses à Jérusalem<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> En raison des fleurs, l'accès n'était pas libre.</i>, le jardinier vendait pour un issar 3 ou 4 figues, et pourtant on n’en a jamais prélevé ni oblation ni dîme.",
|
35 |
+
"Lorsque l’on dit à son prochain: “Voici un issar, pour lequel je désire choisir dix figues”, il peut les choisir et les manger sans dîme (une à une); ou s’il offre le montant d’une grappe, il peut la manger grain à grain; ou s’il offre un issar pour une grenade au choix, il peut l’égrener (sans la détacher); ou s’il s’agit d’un melon, il peut en couper successivement des morceaux. Mais, s’il offre un issar en indiquant telles 20 figues, ou ces 2 grappes, ou ces 2 grenades, ou ces 2 melons, il peut en manger comme d’ordinaire, sans rédimer, parce qu’il a acquis ce qui adhérent à la terre (non soumis aux droits).",
|
36 |
+
"Si quelqu’un prend un ouvrier à gage pour se faire aider à la cueillette des figues<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Baba Metsia 92a.</i>, et que celui-ci rappelle la condition de pouvoir en manger, il peut en effet en manger sans rédimer (Dt 23, 25). S’il établit la condition d’en manger lui et toute sa famille, ou d’en donner à son fils à manger à titre de salaire, lui seul peut en manger sans rédimer, mais non le fils. De même, s’il établit la condition d’en manger, pendant la cueillette et après, il ne peut en manger que pendant le travail sans rédimer; mais, pour ce qui suit, l’obligation de la dîme subsiste, parce qu’à ce moment l’autorisation d’en manger prescrite par la loi cesse. En règle générale, lorsque la loi permet d’en manger, on est dispensé des droits, mais non lorsqu’elle ne l’autorise plus.",
|
37 |
+
"Si l’ouvrier est en train de travailler dans les figues de mauvaise qualité, il ne pourra pas manger des blanches; s’il est occupé à ces dernières, il ne devra pas manger des mauvaises, mais il peut conserver son appétit et se retenir de manger, jusqu’à ce qu’il arrive aux bonnes. Si quelqu’un échange avec son prochain les figues vertes à manger, ou celles qui doivent sécher, ou si l’un doit manger les figues vertes, tandis que l’autre mangera les sèches, dans tous ces cas, l’obligation de la dîme subsiste (en raison de l’échange commercial). R. Juda dit: si on échange les figues vertes, on doit les dîmes; si on échange les sèches, on en est dispensé (il n’y a pas d’acquisition possible aussi longtemps que le travail de cueillette n’est pas achevé)."
|
38 |
+
],
|
39 |
+
[
|
40 |
+
"Pendant que l’on passe des figues dans sa cour pour les mettre à sécher<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Betsa, 35b.</i>, toute la famille peut en manger sans rien rédimer. Quant aux ouvriers qui l’aident, s’ils n’ont pas de part à la nourriture, ils peuvent en manger passagèrement sans rédimer; mais si la nourriture est convenue et fait partie de leur salaire<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Légalement, ils n'ont pas de droits sur ces mêmes fruits, puisqu'ils sont à gage pour le transport seul.</i>, ils ne peuvent pas en manger sans dîme (c’est une commerce).",
|
41 |
+
"Les ouvriers que l’on emmène aux travaux du champ (non pour cueillir les fruits), qui n’ont pas de part à la nourriture de la maison, peuvent en manger sans rédimer (c’est un cadeau reçu); mais si la nourriture entre dans les conventions faites comme salaire, ils ne peuvent manger des figues qu’un à une, ni du panier, ni de la hotte, ni des ballots de figues (à sécher).",
|
42 |
+
"Si un ouvrier, pris à gage pour travailler aux olives<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">91</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Non pour les cueillir, mais pour émonder, ou sarcler, ou nettoyer.</i>, établit la condition de pouvoir en manger, il peut en manger une à une sans les rédimer; mais s’il les réunit, elles sont soumises à la dîme. S’il est engagé pour sarcler les oignons et qu’il établisse la condition d’en manger des feuilles vertes, il peut les couper isolément et en manger; mais s’il les réunit, il doit la dîme.",
|
43 |
+
"Si quelqu’un trouve sur la route des figues coupées<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Baba Metsia 21b.</i>, fut-ce au bord d’un champ qui en est couvert, et de même si l’on se trouve sous un figuier penché sur le chemin et qu’au–dessous l’on voit des figues, on peut les prendre sans que ce soit un vol, et l’on est dispensé de la dîme (c’est de l’abandon). Mais, pour les olives et les caroubes (dont le propriétaire fait plus grand cas et qu’il ne perd pas de vue), il n’est pas permis de les prendre. Si l’on trouve des figues sèches et que la plupart des habitants de cette localité ont déjà comprimé leurs figues en gâteau (ce qui est la cueillette achevée), il n’est plus permis de les ramasser; au cas contraire, c’est permis. Si quelqu’un trouve des morceaux d’un gâteau de figues, il faut les rédimer, puisqu’il est notoire que ce sont des fragments d’une partie achevée (et soumise aux dîmes). Quant aux caroubes, aussi longtemps qu’on ne les a pas étalées sur le toit pour les sécher (ce qui est l’achèvement), il est permis d’en donner aux animaux (passagèrement), parce qu’on y placera le reste (qui ne sert pas d’ordinaire au fourrage).",
|
44 |
+
"Qu’appelle-t-on une cour<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nida 47b.</i> dans laquelle les produits deviennent passibles de la dîme? Selon R. Ismael, ce sera la cour semblable à celles de Tyr, dont les objets sont gardés à vue (par un gardien spécial); selon R. aqiba, elle est disposée en 2 parties dont l’une n’est ouverte que lorsque l’habitant de la seconde a fermé l’autre. Selon R. Néhémie, dès que l’on ne se gêne pas d’y manger, ce qui y entre est soumis aux droit (cela constitue la maison). R. Yossé dit: lorsqu’à l’arrivée de quelqu’un on ne lui demande pas ce qu’il veut (que c’est un lieu public), on est dispensé des droits. R. Juda dit: lorsqu’il y a deux cours l’une à l’intérieur de l’autre<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. même série, Avoda (Zara 1, 10) ( 40b).</i>, l’intérieure est soumise aux droits, l’autre ne l’est pas.",
|
45 |
+
"Les fruits que l’on a portés sur le toit (d’au moins 4 coudées carrées) pour les manger là ne sont pas soumis aux droits, si même l’on est au-dessus d’une cour dont la contenance rend les produits obligatoires. L’espace formant l’entrée, l’antichambre, exedra, et la saille de la porte ou ressaut, sont considérés à l’égal de la cour, et si dans celle-ci les fruits sont soumis, ils le sont aussi là; au cas contraire, ils ne le sont pas.",
|
46 |
+
"Les produits placés sur les guérites (sirpus) les huttes et les hangars d’été, sont dispensés des dîmes. Les tentes de la plaine de Guenossar (servant d’habitation), y eùt-il un moulin et une basse-cour, n’en-trainent pas pour les produits qu’elles contiennent d’obligation de dîme. Quant à la tente des potiers la plus intérieure (étant la demeure) entraîne l’obligation; mais l’extérieure (presque publique) en est dispensée. R. Yossé dit: tout ce qui n’est pas une résidence permanente, aussi bien l’été que l’hiver, n’entraîne pas l’obligation pour son contenu (or, celle du potier, même à l’intérieur, n’est pas habitée l’hiver). Quant à la tente de la fête des tabernacles, qui sert de demeure pendant cette fête, elle entraîne l’obligation selon R. Juda; selon les autres sages, elle ne l’en-traine pas.",
|
47 |
+
"Lorsqu’un figuier est placé dans une cour (bien qu’elle entraîne l’obligation), on peut en manger successivement sans rédimer; mais, si l’on en réunit plusieurs figues, il faut les rédimer. R. Simon dit: on peut en avoir une dans la main droite, une à gauche, une dans la bouche (sans que ce soit une réunion interdite). Si l’on est monté au sommet du figuier, on peut en prendre la poche pleine pour les manger sur place.",
|
48 |
+
"Lorsqu’une vigne est plantée dans une cour, on peut prendre toute la grappe (sans en manger par grains), et de même pour la grenade (sans l’égrener avant de la détacher) et pour le melon (sans le découper en place). Tel est l’avis de R. Tarfon. Selon R. aqiba, on mange la grappe par grains (sans la détacher entière), on égrène la grenade, on découpe le melon. Lorsqu’il y a du coriandre<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">115</sup><i class=\"footnote\">A ce terme Maïmonide compare avec raison un mot arabe dont la graphie figure page174.</i> dans la cour, on le découpe par feuilles pour en manger (sans dîme); si on prend un entier, on doit la dîme. Le rosmarin sauvage<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">116</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ce terme, selon Maïmonide, se rend en arabe par le persan eq.à noix aveline, et les 2 suivants sont traduits par lui: saturée et thym. Voir aussi l'explication des trois termes par Michael Sachs, Beitrage, etc., t. 1, p. 127-128.</i> (ou gingembre, polio), l’hysope<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">117</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Nida 51a.</i> et l’orygane<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">118</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Voir (Sheviit 8, 1), fin, et Babli, Shabat 128a.</i> (saturée) qui sont dans la cour sont soumis aux droits (malgré leur peu de valeur), si on les conserve<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">119</sup><i class=\"footnote\">La Guemara de ce § se retrouve ci-dessus, (Terumot 8, 3).</i>.",
|
49 |
+
"Sur un figuier est placé dans la cour, mais pencher vers le toit, on peut manger sans restriction. S’il est<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">120</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Babli, Baba Metsia 88a.</i> placé sur le toit et penche vers la cour on en mange les fruits un à un sans dîme; en cas de réunion, la dîme est due. S’il est planté en Palestine (sur la limite) et penche au dehors, ou s’il est planté au dehors et penche vers l’intérieur, on se règle d’après l’emplacement du tronc. Quant aux maisons des villes frontières (les branches fussent-elles au dehors), le tronc l’emporte par sa place. Dans les villes de refuge<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">121</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Makot 12a.</i> et dans la capitale ou Jérusalem (pour la consommation de la 2e dîme), la branche sert de guide.\r"
|
50 |
+
],
|
51 |
+
[
|
52 |
+
"Celui qui confit des produits, ou les cuit, ou les sale (tous travaux de conservation), est tenu de les rédimer. Celui qui les enfouit sous terre (pour les faire mieux mûrir), ou celui qui trempe des fruits aux champs (travail passager), peut en manger sans les rédimer. Celui qui écrase des olives pour en faire sortir l’amertume (travail passager) est dispensé des droits. De même celui qui presse des olives sur son corps (pour s’en enduire); mais, s’il les presse dans sa main pour en recueillir l’huile, il est tenu de la rédimer (c’est un travail complet). Celui qui écume le résidu du vin qui surnage au-dessus d’un mets (refroidi) est dispensé des droits; mais si l’on opère ainsi sur une marmite, on est soumis aux droits, parce qu’elle équivaut à une petite cuve.",
|
53 |
+
"Si des enfants ont enfoui des figues au champ pour les manger le samedi<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cette mise de côté les soumet aux droits. Cf. Babli, Betsa, 34b.</i> et que l’on a omis de les rédimer, on ne peut même pas le samedi soir (jamais) en manger sans les rédimer. Un panier plein de fruits spécialement destiné à la consommation du samedi<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Mishna, (Eduyot 4, 10).</i> est dispensé de tous droits, selon Shammaï; mais, selon Hillel, il y est soumis (de suite). R. Juda dit: même sur un panier de fruits que l’on emplit pour l’envoyer à son prochain<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. ci-après, 5, 1.</i>, on doit prélever la dîme avant d’en manger.",
|
54 |
+
"Si l’on prend des olives du réservoir<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Betsa, 35a.</i>, on peut les tremper une à une dans le sel pour les manger (sans dîme); mais si l’on en met plusieurs au sel pour les manger ensemble, il faut les rédimer. R. Eliézer dit: si un homme (impur) en prend du réservoir pur, il doit la dîme<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Puisqu'il ne peut pas remettre au réservoir pur le reste des fruits qu'il a pris et qu'il a rendus impurs. Cf. ci-dessus, Ch. 3, 4, fin.</i>; mais si c’est du réservoir impur, il en est dispensé, puisqu’en ce cas il remet le reste (le tout étant impur).",
|
55 |
+
"On peut, en étant penché sur le pressoir, boire du vin sans le rédimer, soit que l’on coupe le vin d’eau chaude, soit d’eau froide. Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Selon R. Eliézer ben Zadoq, il faut le rédimer<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Il est à craindre qu'il ne se tienne en dehors du pressoir, auquel cas la dîme est due. Cf. Shabat 11b; Eruvin 99b.\"</i>. Selon les autres sages, si on le coupe d’eau chaude, il faut le rédimer (c’est un travail essentiel); mais, au cas contraire on est dispensé",
|
56 |
+
"Si quelqu’un épluche de l’orge d’un épi<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Betsa, 13b.</i>, il peut manger les grains un à un sans dîme; mais s’il les recueille dans sa main (les réunit), il doit prélever la dîme. Si quelqu’un égrène<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ib. 12b.</i> du froment (au feu pour le sécher), il peut passer les grains d’une main à l’autre pour les tamiser (enlever le son), et les manger sans rédimer; mais si, après les avoir vannés, il les réunit dans son sein, il doit la dîme. Lorsqu’on a semé du coriandre pour servir de semence, la partie verte (secondaire) peut être mangée sans dîme; si, au contraire, on l’a semée pour le manger en légume, il faut rédimer le tout, verdure et semences. R. Eliézer dit<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Avoda Zara 7b.</i>: l’aneth est soumis aux dîmes en toutes ses parties, les feuilles vertes, la semence et les graines<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Faut-il voir là le mot gr. Rizia (radicula) retourné? Selon J. Lévy aussi, c'est la tête ronde contenant la semence.</i>, ou bourrelet; selon les autres sages, on ne doit la dîme, pour la semence et les parties vertes, que sur le cresson et l’origan<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Au terme hébreu, Maïmonide compare le terme identique que le Kamous traduit trop vaguement: nomen herboe.</i>.",
|
57 |
+
"R. Simon b. Gamliel dit: les boutons de fenugrec, de moutarde et de fève blanche sont soumis à la dîme. R. Eliézer dit<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">155</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Babli, Berakhot 36a</i>: pour le câprier, il faut rédimer les bourgeons, les fruits<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">156</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Autrement dit: la baie.</i> et même leur écorce. Selon R. aqiba, on ne rédime que le fruit réel."
|
58 |
+
],
|
59 |
+
[
|
60 |
+
"Celui qui arrache des plants de son propre jardin et les transplante ailleurs, peut en manger les fruits sans les rédimer (ils sont considérés comme inachevés); s’il a acheté des fruits encore adhérents à la terre, il en est aussi dispensé, ainsi qu’au cas où il a recueilli des fruits pour les envoyer à son prochain. R. Eliézer b. Azaria dit: à l’époque où l’on vend déjà des produits semblables au marché, ils sont soumis à la dîme.",
|
61 |
+
"Si quelqu’un arrache des raves ou des radis de son champ, pou les transplanter plus loin dans le même champ, ou pour en tirer des semences, il doit la dîme, car c’est là le complément de la mise en grange. Lorsque les oignons ont pris racine sur sol de la maison, ils ne sont plus susceptibles (comme toute plante) de devenir impurs. Lorsqu’une racine s’est écroulée sur eux et qu’ils restent découverts (pouvant croître), ils sont considérés en tout comme des plants du champ.\r",
|
62 |
+
"Dès que les produits (adhérents à la terre) ont atteint la période à laquelle on les rédime, il ne faut plus les vendre à celui qui est soupçonné de retenir la dîme, ni dans la 7e année à celui qui est soupçonné de ne pas l’observer. Si, dans l’ensemble du champ, il y a des fruits mûrs (hâtivement), il faut les enlever avant de vendre le reste.",
|
63 |
+
"On ne doit vendre ni la paille (où il a pu rester des grains), ni la lie de l’huile, ni le marc de raisins, à ceux qui sont soupçonnés de retenir la dîme, afin d’en tirer du jus; au cas où c’est fait, il faut payer la dîme, mais on est dispensé de l’oblation sacerdotale; car celui qui a prélevé cette oblation (trop grave pour qu’on soupçonne de la retenir) a dû comprendre dans sa pensée les épis broyés (non battus en même temps), ceux de côté et ce qui serait resté dans la paille.",
|
64 |
+
"Celui qui achète un champ de légumes verts en Syrie (d’un idolâtre) avant l’époque à laquelle les dîmes dont dues<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">172</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. (Demaï 4, 11).</i>, devra les payer (puisqu’au moment de leur échéance il en est le possesseur); mais si cette période a précédé son acquisition, il en est dispensé, et il faut continuer à en cueillir les produits sans rédimer. R Juda ajoute: il peut même engager des ouvriers pour l’aider à cueillir. Toutefois, dit R. Simon b. Gamliel, cette distinction n’a lieu que lorsqu’on a acquis le terrain; mais lorsqu’on n’a pas acquis le terrain (seulement les produits), antérieurement à l’époque de l’obligation de la dîme, on en est dispensé (alors, on ne possédait rien encore). Selon Rabbi, on proportionne ce qui est dû à la croissance survenue entre ses mains (s’ils ont grandi des 2/3, il doit la dîme d’autant).",
|
65 |
+
"Celui qui utilise le résidu du pressoir<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Cf. Babli, Pessahim 42b; Baba Batra 97a; (Hulin 2, 7) ( 25b).\"</i> par une addition d’eau mesurée et qu’il en retrouve bien le montant, est dispensé de tous droits (il n’y a guère d’addition); selon R. Juda, il doit la dîme (en raison du mélange survenu). Si la quantité versée se trouve augmentée d’une partie, il peut prélever le dû, même d’autre part, pour payer ce qu’il doit en proportion de l’augmentation.",
|
66 |
+
"Les trous des fourmis qui ont passé la nuit auprès d’un monceau de produits soumis à la dîme y sont également soumis, parce qu’il est notoire qu’ils emportent une partie de blé amoncelé, pendant toute la nuit.",
|
67 |
+
"L’ail fort qui fait pleurer (ou: du Liban), l’oignon de Rikhfa<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">187</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ce terme est employé avec un autre sens en (Sheviit 7, 2).</i>, les poids de Cilicie<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">188</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Introd. au t. 1, p. 62.</i>, les lentille d’Egypte, sont dispensés de la dîme; R. Meir y ajoute le porreau<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">189</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Il y a peut-être lieu de le comparer avec cracca vicia (sorte de vesce, ou de fève sauvage). Au contraire, Maïmonide l'identifie avec (colocassia, selon Abdallatif, Relation, etc., trad. Silv. De Sacy, p. 94).</i>, ou vesce; R. Yossé y comprend aussi les pois<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">190</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ou: petites lentilles sauvages.</i>. On peut les acheter chacun en la 7e année agraire (en raison de leur peu de valeur). La semence du porreau élancé, la semence du cresson, celle de l’oignon, ou des raves, ou de radis, et celles enfin de toutes les sortes de produits du jardinage que l’on ne mange pas, sont dispensés de la dîme, et l’on peut en acheter de chacun en la 7e année, y eut-il même parmi eux des produits de semence d’oblation, on peut les manger sans redevance."
|
68 |
+
]
|
69 |
+
],
|
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+
"sectionNames": [
|
71 |
+
"Chapter",
|
72 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
73 |
+
]
|
74 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json
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{
|
2 |
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"language": "en",
|
3 |
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"title": "Mishnah Maasrot",
|
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"versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002378149/NLI",
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"versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]",
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"status": "locked",
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"license": "Public Domain",
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"versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.<br>Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.<br>Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.<br>Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.<br>Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.<br>Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.",
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"heTitle": "משנה מעשרות",
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|
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"Mishnah",
|
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"Seder Zeraim"
|
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|
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"text": [
|
22 |
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[
|
23 |
+
"Als Regel über den Zehnten hat man festgestellt: Alles, was zur Speise dient<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ausgenommen etwa Färbekraut und dergleichen, das nicht als Speise dient.</i>, was gehütet wird<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ausgenommen Preisgegebenes <span dir=\"rtl\">הפקר</span>.</i>und sein Wachstum aus der Erde hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ausgenommen Schwämme und Pilze.</i>, ist zehntpflichtig. Noch eine zweite Regel hat man festgestellt: Alles, was sogleich beim Beginn des Wachsens und bis zum Ende zur Speise dient<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Z. B. Kräuter.</i>, obgleich man es, damit es zunehme, stehen lässt, ist, klein oder gross geerntet, der Zehntpflicht unterworfen; was dagegen nicht sogleich, sondern erst am Ende des Wachstums zur Speise dient, wird nicht eher pflichtig, als bis es zur Speise reif geworden.",
|
24 |
+
"Von welcher Zeit ab, werden Baumfrüchte zehntpflichtig? Feigen, sobald sie zu reifen beginnen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das ist wenn ihre Spitzen weise werden.</i>; Weintrauben und Herlinge, sobald die Kernchen sichtbar werden; die Kornelkirsche und die Maulbeeren und alle roten Früchte, wenn sie rot werden. Die Granatäpfel sobald die Früchte weich werden. Die Datteln, sobald sie wie Sauerteig schwellen. Pfirsiche, sobald sie Adern (Streifen) bekommen; Nüsse, sobald die Schale ein Gehäuse bildet. R. Jehudah sagt: Nüsse und Mandeln, sobald sie eine Hülse erlangen.",
|
25 |
+
"Johannisbrotfrüchte, sobald sie Fleckchen haben, und so alle dunkelfarbigen Früchte: Birnen, Krustumien, Quitten und Mispeln, sobald sie kahl werden, und so alle hellfarbigen Früchte. Griechisches Heu, sobald die Frucht zur Aussaat tauglich ist; Getreide und Oliven, sobald sie ein Drittel des ganzen Ertrages einbringen.",
|
26 |
+
"Von Krautfrüchten sind: Gurken, Kürbisse, Melonen, Melopephanen, ausserdem auch Äpfel und Paradiesäpfel, sowohl gross oder klein geerntet, zehntpflichtig. R. Simeon spricht die letzteren, so lange sie klein sind, frei davon. Der Zustand, in welchem bittere Mandeln pflichtig sind, ist bei den süssen noch frei; und der, in welchem die süssen pflichtig werden, macht die bittern frei.",
|
27 |
+
"Was heisst bei den Früchten, die völlige Ernte, wodurch sie zehntpflichtig werden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">גורן</span> = Scheune, passt nur auf Getreide. In der Scheune ist das gestrichene Getreide sogleich zehntpflichtig und man darf nichts mehr davon, auch nur zufällig, geniessen. Bei anderen Früchten wird hier nun angegeben, wann sie völlig zehntpflichtig sind, wie Korn in der Scheune.</i>. Gurken und Kürbisse, sobald sie von der Wolle befreit sind<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">משיפקסו</span> = aus dem Griechischen πέκω = Wolle, davon πέκω = scheeren, zupfen, abrupfen, pflücken.</i>, und wo das nicht geschieht, sobald man sie in Haufen gebracht hat; die Melone, sobald sie die Wolle abstreift<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Was bei der Gurke <span dir=\"rtl\">פקס</span> ist bei Melone <span dir=\"rtl\">שלק</span>.</i>und wo das nicht geschieht, sobald man sie neben einander hinlegt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Melonen pflegt man nicht in einen Haufen zu legen, sondern sie blos auszubreiten. Der Ort nun, wo sie ausgebreitet liegen, heisst = <span dir=\"rtl\">מוקצה</span></i>. Kräuter, die man gewöhnlich bindet, sobald man sie bindet, oder wenn es nicht geschieht, sobald man das Gefäss damit gefüllt hat, oder wenn man das Gefäss nicht füllt, sobald man so viel, als man für nötig hält, gesammelt hat. Der Feigenkorb, sobald man ihn (mit Blättern) bedeckt, und wenn man dies nicht tut, sobald man den Korb gefüllt hat, und wenn das nicht geschieht, sobald man so viel, als man für nötig hält, gesammelt hat. Wobei gilt alles dies? so fern man sie zu Markte bringt; aber, wer sie nach seinem Hause bringt, kann davon zufällig essen, bis er nach Hause gelangt",
|
28 |
+
"Eingeschnittene, zum Trocknen bereitete Granatäpfelfrüchte<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">הפרד</span> von <span dir=\"rtl\">פרד</span> = trennen. Man pflegte die Granatäpfel zu trennen und zu trocknen, diese eingeschnittenen, der Sonne ausgesetzten Granatäpfel heissen <span dir=\"rtl\">פרד</span>.</i>, Rosinen und Johannisbrotfrüchte, sobald man sie in Haufen aufschüttet; Zwiebeln, sobald man die Nebenblätter abstreift<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">משיפקל</span> = die schlechten Blätter abschälen. <span dir=\"rtl\">פקל</span> ist durch Buchstabenänderung so viel als <span dir=\"rtl\">קלף</span> = schälen.</i>, und wenn man dies nicht tut, sobald man sie in Haufen aufgeschüttet; Getreide, sobald man es gestrichen hat, und wenn das nicht geschieht, sobald man es in Haufen anfgeschüttet hat; Hülsenfrüchte, sobald man sie gesiebt hat, und wenn das nicht geschieht, sobald man sie gestrichen hat. Doch darf man auch nach dem Streichen von dem Abgebrochenen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Welches noch nicht gedroschen ist.</i>, von dem, was noch an der Seite liegt, und was noch mit Stroh vermengt ist, essen.",
|
29 |
+
"Der Wein, sobald man<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die oben schwimmenden Treber.</i>abschöpft, aber auch nachdem dies geschehen ist, darf man noch aus der obern Kelter, oder aus der Rinne<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ehe er in die Kufe fällt.</i>schöpfen und trinken. Öl, sobald es in den Ölbehälter<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">עוקה</span> = Tiefe, Höhle, Aruch.</i>eingelaufen ist; aber auch nachdem dies geschehen, darf man aus dem Presssack<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">עקל</span> = Netzförmiger Sack, worin die Oliven gepresst werden.</i>, und von dem Öl unter dem Mahlsteine<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">ערכני = ממל</span> = Olivenstampfe, Aruch.</i>, und von dem zwischen den Brettern<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">18</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">פצים</span> = Bretter, Pfosten.</i>, noch etwas nehmen und einen Fladen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">19</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">חמטה</span> = Schüssel, Fladen. Ein dünner Kuchen, den man, wenn er aus dem Ofen kommt, mit Öl bestreicht.</i>und eine Schüssel damit bestreichen, jedoch nicht in einen Topf oder Kessel tun, während die Speisen noch siedend heiss sind. R. Jehudah sagt: An Alles darf man es tun, nur nicht in Gefässe mit Essig oder Fischbrühe.",
|
30 |
+
"Feigenkuchen, sobald man sie geglättet hat. Glätten aber darf man sie mit Feigen- und Weinbeersaft von <span dir=\"rtl\">טבל</span>. R. Jehudah erklärt dies für unerlaubt. Wenn man mit Weinbeersaft geglättet hat, wird es durch diese Feuchtigkeit nicht zur Unreinigkeit geeignet. R. Jehudah aber sagt: Es wird dadurch geeignet. — Trockne Feigen, sobald man sie eingestampft hat. Und ein weiter Behälter mit trocknen Feigen, sobald man sie zusammen gedrückt hat. Wenn während des Einstampfens oder des Drückens das Fass zerbricht, oder der Behälter auseinandergeht, soll man auch ein zufälliges Mahl davon nicht geniessen. R. Jose erlaubt es.\""
|
31 |
+
],
|
32 |
+
[
|
33 |
+
"Wenn ein des Verzehntens Verdächtiger durch die Strasse zieht und ruft: Nehmt Euch Feigen hin! So darf man sie zehntfrei geniessen, und wenn man sie nach Hause nimmt, leistet man davon die Pflichten, wie von <span dir=\"ltr\">ודא׳</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil vorauszusetzen ist, dass es gewisse noch nicht verzehntet ist.</i>. (Sagt er aber): Nehmet davon mit nach Hause, so darf man davon auch nicht ein zufälliges Mahl geniessen, wenn man sie daher mit nach Hause gebracht hat, verfährt man damit, wie mit <span dir=\"ltr\">דמאי</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Zweifelhaftes. Er giebt, wenn er ein Levit ist, die Zehntebesteuer (<span dir=\"rtl\">תרומת מעשר</span>) dem Priester, das erste Zehnt (<span dir=\"rtl\">מעשר ראשון</span>) und das Armenzehnt (<span dir=\"rtl\">מעשר עני</span>) behält er für sich.</i>.",
|
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+
"Sitzen Leute an der Haustür oder im Laden, und er sagt zu ihnen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Hausherr oder der Herr des Ladens.</i>: Nehmt Euch Feigen hin<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die ausserhalb des Hauses oder des Ladens liegen, denn sobald die Früchte sich innerhalb des Hauses befinden, sind sie zehntpflichtig.</i>! So dürfen sie zehntfrei essen, aber der Eigentümer der T��r oder des Ladens ist, wenn er davon essen will, zum Verzehnten verpflichtet. R. Jehudah sagt: Er ist ebenfalls frei, es sei denn, dass er sich wegwende, oder seinen Platz verändere.",
|
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+
"Wenn Jemand Früchte von Galiläa nach Judäa führt, oder nach Jerusalem bringt, darf er davon<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ohne sie zu verzehnten. Die Früchte werden nicht zehntpflichtig, wenn er sie in Galiläa gesammelt hat, um sie nach Judäa zu führen.</i>essen, bis er an den Ort, wohin er reisen will, angelangt ist; und eben so auf dem Rückwege. R. Meïr sagt: Nur bis er an den Ort gelangt, wo er am Sabbat bleiben will. Die Gewürzkrämer, welche in den Städten herumziehen, dürfen von den Früchten essen, bis sie an das Haus gelangen, wo sie übernachten. R. Jehudah sagt: Das erste Haus, in derselben Stadt, wird als ihr Haus betrachtet<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Und macht ihre Früchte zehntpflichtig.</i>.",
|
36 |
+
"Von Früchten, davon man vor Beendigung ihrer Bearbeitung<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Siehe oben Abschnitt I. m. 5.</i>die <span dir=\"ltr\">תרומה</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> macht die Früchte zehntpflichtig.</i>gesondert hat, sagt R. Elieser: Darf man nicht ein zufälliges Mahl geniessen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ohne zu verzehnten.</i>. Die Weisen erlauben es, ausser beim Korbe mit Feigen. Hat man nämlich aus dem Korbe Feigen sogleich die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> gesondert<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ehe alle Arbeit fertig war.</i>, so erlaubt R. Simeon etwas davon zufällig zu essen. Die Weisen erklären es für unerlaubt.",
|
37 |
+
"Wenn Jemand zu einem Andern spricht: Da hast Du einen Issar, gieb mir dafür fünf Feigen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der blosse Kauf macht die Früchte zehntpflichtig.</i>, so darf der Empfänger sie nicht essen, bevor er sie verzehntet hat. So R. Meïr. R. Jehudah sagt: Einzeln empfangend, darf er jede zehntfrei essen; aber mehrere zusammen erhaltend, ist er verpflichtet sie zu verzehnten. R. Jehudah erzählt: In einem Rosengarten zu Jerusalem habe man drei bis vier Feigen für einen Issar verkauft und niemals davon <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> oder Zehnt abgesondert.",
|
38 |
+
"Spricht Einer zu einem Andern: Da hast Du einen Issar für zehn Feigen, die ich mir aussuchen will, so darf er sie einzeln aussuchen, pflücken und zehntfrei essen. Für eine noch haftende Traube, die ich mir aussuchen will; — so darf er Beere für Beere pflücken und essen. Für einen Granatapfel, den ich mir aussuchen will, so darf er die Samen einzeln ausnehmen und essen. Für eine Melone, die ich mir aussuchen will, so darf er Stückchen davon schneiden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">ספת</span> = abschneiden, eintauchen. Aruch.</i>und essen. Aber wenn er spricht: Für diese zwanzig Feigen, für diese zwei Trauben, für diese zwei Granatäpfel, für diese zwei Melonen, so darf er sie wie gewohnlich zehntfrei essen, weil er sie am Boden haftend gekauft hat.",
|
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+
"Wenn Jemand einen Arbeiter dingt, um ihm beim Zurichten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">לקצות</span>, Entweder die Feigen ausbreiten oder sie beschneiden.</i>der Feigen zu helfen, und Jener spricht: Mit dem Beding, dass ich Feigen essen dürfe, so isst er, ohne zu verzehnten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denn die Bedingung ist überflüssig, da er durch die Schrift schon berechtigt ist. Denn es heisst (Deuter. 23, 25): »Wenn Du in den Weinberg Deines Nächsten kommst, so kannst Du so viel Beeren essen, wie Du willst; nur in die Gefässe darfst Du nichts tun«. Und da ist die Rede von einem Arbeiter deshalb ist es kein Kauf und nicht zehntpflichtig.</i>. Mit dem Beding, dass ich mit den Meinigen oder dass mein Sohn für meinen Lohn essen dürfe, so isst er, ohne zu verzehnten, sein Sohn aber muss verzehnten, was er essen will. Mit dem Beding, dass ich während der Zurichtung und nachher essen dürfe, so isst er, ohne zu verzehnten, während der Zurichtung; nachher aber, muss er, was er essen will, verzehnten; weil er in diesem Falle nicht gesetzlich<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Als Arbeiter.</i>mit essen darf<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Sondern nur vermöge der Bedingung.</i>. Dies ist die Regel: Wer vermöge des Gesetzes zu essen berechtigt ist, ist zebntfrei; wer nicht, ist zum Verzehnten verpflichtet.",
|
40 |
+
"Wenn Jemand bei schlechten Feigen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">לבסים</span> sind schlechte Feigen.</i>mit arbeitet, darf nicht von den guten weissen Feigen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">18</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">בנות שבע</span> sind identisch mit <span dir=\"rtl\">בנות שוח</span> = weisse gute Feigen.</i>essen; und wer bei weissen Feigen arbeitet, darf nicht von den schlechten essen, aber er darf sich enthalten, bis er zur Stelle der guten gelangt, und dann von diesen essen. — Wenn Einer mit dem Andern tauscht, entweder, dass Jeder in des andern Anteil, die frischen Feigen, oder die zum Trocknen ausgebreiteten oder Einer die frischen, und der Andre die trocknen esse, so sin sie zehntpflichtig. R. Jehudah sagt: Wenn man tauscht, um frische zu essen, tritt die Verpflichtung ein, nicht aber bei den, zum Trocknen ausgebreiteten.\""
|
41 |
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],
|
42 |
+
[
|
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"Wenn Jemand Feigen durch den Hof trägt, um sie zum Trocknen auszubreiten, so können seine Kinder und Hausgenossen zehntfrei davon essen; die Arbeiter, welche mithelfen, ebenfalls, wenn er ihnen nicht Verköstigung zu geben schuldig ist; aber wenn er sie verköstigen muss, dürfen sie nicht mitessen.",
|
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+
"Wenn Einer seine Arbeiter zu andern Arbeiten ins Feld führt, so dürfen sie, wenn ihm ihre Beköstigung nicht obliegt, Früchte zehntfrei essen; liegt ihm aber ihre Beköstigung ob, so dürfen sie allenfalls einzelne Feigen vom Baume essen, aber nicht aus dem Korbe, nicht aus dem Kasten, nicht von dem Platze, wo sie ausgebreitet sind.",
|
45 |
+
"Wenn Jemand einen Arbeiter dingt, um an Ölbäumen zu arbeiten, und Jener spricht: mit dem Beding, dass ich Oliven essen dürfe, so darf er einzeln zehntfrei essen; nimmt er mehrere zusammen, muss er sie verzehnten. Dingt er ihn zum Ausjäten bei Zwiebeln, und Jener bedingt sich, Zwiebelblätter zu essen, so darf er einzelne abschneiden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מקרסם = מקרטם</span> und dieses = <span dir=\"rtl\">מכרסם</span>, verwandt also mit <span dir=\"rtl\">יכרסמנה חזיר מיער</span>.</i>und essen; aber wenn er mehrere zugleich nimmt, muss er sie verzehnten.",
|
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"Wenn Jemand abgeschnittene Feigen auf dem Wege findet, selbst an der Seite, eines mit solchen Feigen bedeckten Feldes; ebenso wenn man unter einem, über den Weg sich neigenden Feigenbaume, Feigen findet, so darf man sie nehmen, ohne zu besorgen, dass es Diebstahl sei, auch sind sie zehntfrei; bei Oliven aber und bei Johannisbrotfrüchten ist man schuldig beides zu beachten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es kommt hier immer darauf an, ob anzunehmen sei, dass der Eigentümer die verlornen Früchte nicht weiter beachte und sie preisgebe, oder nicht.</i>. Findet Einer dürre Feigen, so muss er, wenn die Meisten schon bereits ihre Feigenkuchen gepresst haben, sie verzehnten, wenn aber nicht so ist er davon frei. Findet Einer Stücke von Feigenkuchen, so muss er sie verzehnten, weil es gewiss ist, dass sie von vollendeter Arbeit kommen. Johannisbrotfrüchte darf man, so lange man sie nicht völlig auf das Dach gebracht hat, für das Vieh, zehntfrei herunternehmen, weil man das Übrigbleibende wieder dahin zurückbringt.",
|
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"Welches ist ein Hof, in welchem die Früchte zehntpflichtig werden? R. Ismael sagt: Ein nach tyrischer Art<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wie sie in der Stadt Tyrus gebräuchlich waren, wo man einen Hüter (Portier) vor den Hof setzte.</i>gebauter, in welchem die Geräte aufbewahrt werden. R. Akiba meint: Jeder, worin zwei Bewohner öffnen und schliessen dürfen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es ist bekannt, dass die Höfe vor den Häusern waren und oft mehrere derselben in einem Hofe standen.</i>, macht nicht zehntpflichtig. R. Nehemias behauptet: Sobald man sich nicht scheut darin zu essen, ist Alles darin zehntpflichtig. R. Jose hält dafür: Sobald man darin eintreten kann, und Niemand sagt: Was suchst Du hier? Macht er nicht zehntpflichtig. — R. Jehudah sagt: Von zwei Höfen hinter einander, macht der innere zehntpflichtig, der äussere nicht.",
|
48 |
+
"Die Dächer<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nämlich mindestens vier Ellen im Quadrat, wenn man auf dieselben Früchte zum Essen gebracht hat.</i>machen nicht zehntpflichtig, selbst wenn sie über einem zehntpflichtig machenden Hofe sich befinden. Ein im Hofeingange befindlicher Raum, eine Vorhalle<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">אכסדרה</span> griechisch έξέδρα = eine Gallerie vor dem Hause, wo man sitzen kann, um zu beratschlagen, oder sich zu unterhalten. (Veranda).</i>und ein Vorsprung, werden dem Hofe gleich geachtet; macht dieser zehntpflichtig, so ist es auch da der Fall; wo nicht, so wird auch hier noch nichts zehntpflichtig.",
|
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+
"Spitze Feldhütten, Fruchthütten und Schattenlauben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">אלקטיות</span> = Hütten, die man im Sommer des Schattens wegen macht. Das <span dir=\"rtl\">תרגום</span> von <span dir=\"rtl\">קיץ</span> ist <span dir=\"rtl\">קייטא</span>.</i>machen nicht zehntpflichtig, selbst eine Hütte am See Genesaret<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der See <span dir=\"rtl\">כנרת</span> heisst in der chaldäischen Übersetzung = der See Genezaret. Er liegt im Lande Galliläa, wo viele schöne und gute Früchte wachsen; dort machen sich die Bewohner Hütten und wohnen daselbst während der Zeit, wo die Früchte vorhanden sind.</i>nicht; obgleich man sich darin Handmühlen und Hühner hält. Die innere Töpferhütte macht pflichtig, die äussere nicht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Töpfer pflegen sich zwei Hütten zu machen, eine innere und eine äuseere, in der inneren verwahrten sie ihre Töpfe und wohnten daselbst, in der äusseren arbeiteten sie und verkauften ihre Waaren.</i>. R. Jose sagt: Alles, was nicht zur Wohnung in der Sonnen- und in der Regenzeit dient, macht nicht zehntpflichtig. Die Laubhütte des Festes macht, nach R. Jehudah, zehntpflichtig, nach den Weisen aber nicht.",
|
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+
"Wenn ein Feigenbaum im Hofe steht, darf man einzelne Feigen, ohne zu verzehnten, essen; nimmt man mehrere zusammen, so muss man verzehnten. R. Simeon sagt: Man kann eine in der rechten und eine in der linken Hand und eine im Munde zugleich halten, ohne zu verzehnten. — Steigt Einer auf den Wipfel des Baumes, so kann er seinen Schooss voll nehmen und (oben) verzehren.",
|
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"Wenn ein Weinstock im Hofe gepflanzt steht, darf man eine ganze Traube nehmen; ebenso einen ganzen Granatapfel und eine ganze Melone. So R. Tarphon. R. Akiba sagt: Von der Weintraube darf er nur beerenweis pflücken, vom Granatapfel einzelne Kerne<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Granatapfelbaum (Punica Granatum) wächst in südlichen Ländern, so gross wie ein Apfelbaum, und trägt dort schöne, grosse, scharlachrote Äpfel, die in ihrem saftigen, angenehm säuerlich schmeckenden, kühlenden Fleische, eine Menge Fächer voll Kerne entalten.</i>und von der Melone einzelne Stücke abschneiden. — Wenn Koriander im Hofe gesäet ist; darf man Blatt für Blatt abschneiden und essen. Nimmt man mehrere zusammen, so muss man sie verzehnten. Pfefferkraut, Ysop und Tymian im Hofe, sind nur dann zehntpflichtig, wenn sie (gehütet) und aufbewahrt werden.",
|
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+
"Wenn ein Feigenbaum im Hofe steht und in einem Garten überhängt, darf man wie gewöhnlich (im Garten) davon unverzehntet essen. Steht ein Feigenbaum im Garten und hängt in den Hof hinüber, so darf man hier einzelne Feigen davon unverzehntet essen; nimmt man aber mehrere zugleich, so muss man sie verzehnten. Steht er im Lande Israel und neigt sich ins Ausland hinüber, oder umgekehrt, so richtet man sich nach dem Stamme. Eben so wird bei Häusern in einer, mit Mauer umgebenen, Stadt nur nach dem Stamme gerechnet. Bei Zufluchtstädten, richtet man sich auch nach dem Wipfel; und in Jerusalem, richtet man sich nach dem Wipfel.\""
|
53 |
+
],
|
54 |
+
[
|
55 |
+
"Wenn man auf dem Felde Früchte einmacht, abkocht, einsalzt, sind sie dadurch zehntpflichtig<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Feuer, Salz, Kauf, Hebe, Sabbat und gehüteter Hof, — eins von diesen macht zehntpflichtig.</i>; wenn man sie in die Erde legt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Damit sie besser reifen.</i>, werden sie nicht pflichtig, auch nicht, wenn man auf dem Felde Früchte eintaucht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Und isst.</i>, wenn man Oliven zerdrückt, damit der scharfe Saft<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">שׂרָף</span> = Gummi, Harz, Saft.</i>herausgehe, oder zur Salbung auf seinen Körper ausdrückt; wenn man sie aber in die Hand ausdrückt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Um das Öl aufzufangen.</i>, so muss man sie verzehnten. Wenn Jemand von Wein, der an eine kalte Speise getan ist, die Treber abnimmt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מקפה</span> heisst derjenige, welcher die Treber oder schlechte Weinbeerhülsen, die beim Gähren des Weinmostes oben aufschwimmen, abnimmt.</i>, so ist der Wein dadurch nicht zehntpflichtig. Geschieht es aber an Wein, der in einen leeren Kochtopf geschüttet worden, so ist er zehntpflichtig, weil dieser, wie eine kleine Kufe betrachtet wird.",
|
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+
"Wenn Kinder<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Allerdings solche Kinder, die bereits in ihren geistigen Anlagen entwickelt sind.</i>Feigen auf dem Felde, um sie am Sabbat zu essen, versteckt und vergessen haben, solche zu verzehnten, so darf man sie auch nach dem Sabbat nicht essen, ohne sie zu verzehnten. Ein Korb mit Feigen, die lediglich zum Sabbat bestimmt sind, ist zehntfrei, nach Bet Samai; dagegen nach Bet Hillel zehntpflichtig. R. Jehudah sagt: Auch wer einen Korb voll zu dem Zwecke sammelt, um sie einem Freunde zu senden, darf selbige nicht essen, ohne sie zu verzehnten.",
|
57 |
+
"Wenn Jemand Oliven aus der Butte<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מעטן</span> = Ein Behältniss, oder ein Ort, woselbst man die Oliven auf häuft, damit sie sich zerreiben und das Öl von sich geben.</i>nimmt, darf er sie einzeln in Salz eintauchen und zehntfrei essen; wenn er sie aber eingetaucht vor sich hinlegt, muss er sie verzehnten. R. Elieser sagt: Wenn ein Unreiner aus einer reinen Butte nimmt, muss er sie verzehnten, nicht aber wenn er sie aus einer unreinen nimmt, weil er dann den Überrest wieder hineinlegen kann.",
|
58 |
+
"Man darf über der Kelter hingebogen aus ihr Wein trinken, ohne denselben zu verzehnten, er möge mit kaltem oder mit heissem Wasser gemischt worden sein, so R. Meïr. R. Elieser Sohn Zadoks sagt: Man müsse ihn verzehnten. Die Weisen sagen: Mit warmem Wasser ist es zehntpflichtig, nicht aber mit kaltem<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Mit heissem Wasser ist es zehntpflichtig, weil er den Überrest nicht wieder zurückgiessen kann, da er dadurch den Wein in der Kelter verderben würde; anders bei Mischung mit kaltem Wasser.</i>.",
|
59 |
+
"Wenn Jemand Gerste auskörnt, darf er immer einzelne Körner nehmen und unverzehntet geniessen; körnt er aber mehrere aus und tut sie in die Hand, so sind sie zehntpflichtig. Wenn Einer Weizen ausdrückt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Er trocknet Weizenähren am Feuer und drückt sie alsdann mit der Hand aus, um sie zu dörren.</i>, kann er die Körner von einer Hand in die andere werfen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Damit die Spreu gesondert würde.</i>und sie unverzehntet essen; wirft er sie aber und lässt sie in den Schooss fallen, so muss er sie verzehnten. Wenn man Koriander des Samens wegen gesäet hat, so ist dessen Kraut zehntfrei; wenn man ihn aber des Krautes wegen gesäet hat, ist Samen und Kraut zehntpflichtig. R. Elieser sagt: Am Dill ist der Same, das Kraut und die Samenflügel<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">בירין</span> mit <span dir=\"rtl\">בר</span> verwandt, so viel als Kränze, Ränder, Samenflügel.</i>, zehntpflichtig. Die Weisen aber sagen: Von keiner andern Pflanze, sind Same und Kraut zehntpflichtig, ausser von Brunnenkresse und weisser Senf<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">גרגר</span> oder <span dir=\"rtl\">גרגר</span> soll nach Bartenora = <span dir=\"rtl\">אירוגא</span> = eruca — weisser Senf sein.</i>.",
|
60 |
+
"Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel sagt: Die Knospen vom griechischen Heu, von Senf und von der weissen Bohne sind zehntpflichtig. R. Elieser sagt: von der Kaper<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">צלף</span> = Kapernbaum. Aruch. <span dir=\"rtl\">קפרס</span> ist nach Bartenora <span dir=\"rtl\">שומר הפרי</span> = Fruchtülle.</i>sind die Knospen, die Beeren und die Fruchtülle, R. Akiba sagt: Nur die Beeren sind zehntpflichtig, weil sie die Fracht sind.\""
|
61 |
+
],
|
62 |
+
[
|
63 |
+
"Wenn Jemand im eignen Felde Pflanzen ausreisst und wieder anderswohin in seinem Felde verpflanzt, sind sie inzwischen noch nicht zehntpflichtig. Was man am Boden haftend kauft, ist dadurch noch nicht zehntpflichtig; auch nicht, was man, um es einem Andern zu senden, gesammelt hat. R. Elasar ben Asarjah sagt: Wenn dergleichen schon auf dem Markte verkauft werden, sind letztere zehntpflichtig.",
|
64 |
+
"Wenn Jemand Rüben oder Rettig im eignen Felde aufreisst und in seinem Felde anderswo, um Samen zu ziehen, wieder einpflanzt, so sind sie inzwischen zehntpflichtig, weil das Ausreissen ihre vollendete Arbeit ist. — Zwiebeln, sobald sie auf dem Heuboden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nämlich in der Erde, welche gewöhnlich den Hausboden bedeckt.</i>Wurzel geschlagen haben, nehmen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wie stehende Pflanzen.</i>keine Unreinheit an. Wenn Schutt auf Zwiebeln fällt und sie hervorragen, so werden sie<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> In Allem.</i>, wie auf dem Felde gepflanzt betrachtet.",
|
65 |
+
"Man darf nicht seine Früchte, sobald sie zehntpflichtig geworden sind, an Einen verkaufen, der wegen des Verzehntens nicht beglaubigt ist; eben so nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Früchte an einen, wegen <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> Verdächtigen. Wenn Frühreife darunter sind, muss man diese erst herausnehmen, dann darf man das Übrige verkaufen.",
|
66 |
+
"Man darf nicht sein Stroh, auch nicht seinen Öltrester<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">גפת</span> = Öltrester, Öldrüse, Hefen, Bodensatz von Öl.</i>und seine Weinhülsen an Jemanden verkaufen, der daraus Getränke bereiten will, wenn er wegen des Verzehntens unbeglaubigt ist. Wenn man aus den erwähnten Abfällen noch Getränke gezogen hat, muss man sie verzehnten; aber <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> braucht man nicht abzusondern, weil der, welcher <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומת</span> entrichtet, dabei zugleich an die abgebrochenen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nicht mitgedroschenen.</i>Ähren, an das, was abseits liegt und an das, was im Stroh bleibt, denkt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Folglich eben so bei Wein und Öl.</i>.",
|
67 |
+
"Wenn Jemand einen Acker mit Kohlkräutern in Syrien<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Von einem Heiden.</i>kauft, so muss er sie, wenn sie noch nicht in den Zustand der Zehntpflichtigkeit eingetreten waren, verzehnten; waren sie bereits in dem Zustande der Zehntpflichtigkeit, so ist er frei, und darf, wie er gewohnt ist, selbst<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Arbeiter darf er aber nicht nehmen.</i>einsammeln. R. Jehudah sagt: Er darf auch Arbeiter dingen und einsammeln lassen. Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel sagt: Wann gilt dieses Gesetz? Wenn er den Boden mit gekauft hat, aber wenn er den Boden nicht mit gekauft hat, braucht er, wenn sie auch noch nicht zur Zehntpflichtigkeit gelangt sind, nicht zu verzehnten. Rabbi meint: Man muss auch nach Berechnung<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Des weitern Zuwachses.</i>verzehnten.",
|
68 |
+
"Wenn Jemand aus Weinhefen Lauer<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מתמר</span> heisst derjenige, welcher Wasser in die Weinkerne und Hülsen, besonders aber in die Hefen des Weines tut, um daraus ein Getränk lauer zu machen, dasselbe heisst auch Nachwein, Gesindewein</i>macht, so braucht er, wenn er das Wasser geniessen hat und nachher<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ohngefähr.</i>eben so viel Lauer findet, diese nicht zu verzehnten. R. Jehudah erklärt ihn für verpflichtet zum Verzehnten. Findet er aber mehr Lauer als jenes Maass, so darf man sie auch von andern Weine nach Berechnung<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Des Überschusses.</i>verzehnten.",
|
69 |
+
"Das Korn in Ameisenlöchen, muss, sobald es über Nacht neben einem zehntpflichtigen Haufen gelegen hat, verzehntet werden, weil es klar ist, dass die Ameisen von dem fertigen Getreide in der Nacht es eingeschleppt haben.",
|
70 |
+
"Tränenreizender Knoblauch<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">בעל בכי</span>. Nach einiger Meinung beizender Knoblauch, der beim Genuese Tränen hervorbringt. Nach einer richtigeren Meinung ist es Knoblauch aus der Gegend von Baalbeck, einer Stadt zwischen dem Libanon und Antilibanon gelegen, wo früher Heliopolis, dem Sonnengotte = <span dir=\"rtl\">בעל</span> geweiht, und auf einer Ebene = <span dir=\"rtl\">בקעה</span> stand.</i>und <span dir=\"ltr\">רכפא</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">רכפא</span> = ein Dorf, zehn Stunden südlich von Baalbeck, Namens Rabcha.</i>-Zwiebel, Cilicische Bohnengrütze und ägyptische Linsen, R. Meïr sagt auch <span dir=\"ltr\">קרקס</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wasserbohnen.</i>. R. Jose sagt: Auch wildwachsende kleine Linsen sind zehntfrei und können auch im Brachjahre von Jedermann gekauft werden; der obere Samen vom wilden Arum, der Same von Lauch, der Same von Zwiebeln, von Rüben, von Rettig und alle andern nicht zum Essen dienenden Gartensamen sind zehntfrei und können von Jedermann im Brachjahre gekauft werden; selbst wenn ihr ursprünglicher Same <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> gewesen war, dürfen sie gegessen werden.\""
|
71 |
+
]
|
72 |
+
],
|
73 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
74 |
+
"Chapter",
|
75 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
76 |
+
]
|
77 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
ADDED
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{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Maasrot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
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"priority": 1.0,
|
8 |
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"license": "CC-BY",
|
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"shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Joshua Kulp",
|
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"actualLanguage": "en",
|
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"languageFamilyName": "english",
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"isBaseText": false,
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"direction": "ltr",
|
15 |
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"heTitle": "משנה מעשרות",
|
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"categories": [
|
17 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
18 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
19 |
+
],
|
20 |
+
"text": [
|
21 |
+
[
|
22 |
+
"They said a general principle concerning tithes: whatever is food, and is looked after, and grows from the land, is liable for tithes. And they have further stated another general principle [concerning tithes]: whatever is considered food both at the beginning and at the conclusion [of its growth] even though he holds on to it in order to increase the quantity of food, is liable [to tithe] whether [it is harvested] in its earlier or later stages. But whatever is not considered food in the earlier stages [of its growth] but only in its later stages, is not liable [to tithe] until it can be considered food.",
|
23 |
+
"When do fruits become liable for tithes?Figs from the time they begin to ripe. Grapes and wild grapes in the early stages of ripening. Sumac and mulberries after they become red; [similarly] all red fruits, after they become red. Pomegranates, when the insides become soft. Dates when they begin to swell. Peaches when [red] veins begin to show. Walnuts when the nuts are separate from the shell. Rabbi Judah says: walnuts and almonds, after their inner skins have been formed.",
|
24 |
+
"Carobs [are liable to] tithes after they form dark spots; similarly all black fruits after they form dark spots. Pears and crustumenian pears, quinces, and medlars [are liable to tithes] after their surface begins to grow smooth; similarly all white fruits, after their surface begins to grow smooth. Fenugreek [is liable to tithe] when the seeds [can be planted and] will grow. Grain and olives after they are one-third ripe.",
|
25 |
+
"With regard to when vegetables [are liable to tithes]:Cucumbers, gourds, water-melons, cucumber-melons, apples and etrogs are liable [for tithes], whether gathered in the earlier or later stages of ripening. Rabbi Shimon exempts the etrog in the earlier stages. The condition in which bitter almonds are liable [to tithes] is exempt in the case of sweet almonds, and the condition in which sweet almonds are liable [to tithe] is exempt in the case of bitter almonds.",
|
26 |
+
"What is considered a “threshing floor” for tithes [i.e. when does produce become liable for tithes]?Cucumbers and gourds [are liable for tithes] once he removes their fuzz. And if he doesn’t remove it, once he makes a pile. Melons once he removes the fuzz with hot water. And if they he does not remove the fuzz, once he stores them in the muktzeh. Vegetables which are tied in bundles, from the time he ties them up in bundles. If he does not tie them up in bundles, until he fills the vessel with them. And if he does not fill the vessel, after he has gathered all that he wishes to gather. [Produce which is packed in] a basket [is liable for tithes] after he has covered it. If he is not going to cover it, until he fills the vessel with them. And if he does not fill the vessel, after he has gathered all that he wishes to gather. When does this apply? When one brings [the produce] to the market. But when he brings it to his own house, he may make a chance meal of it, until he reaches his house.",
|
27 |
+
"Dried pomegranate seeds, raisins and carobs, [are liable for tithes] after he has made a pile. Onions, once he removes the onion seeds. If he does not remove the onion seeds, after he makes a pile. Grain, once he smoothes out the pile. If he does not smooth the pile, after he makes a pile. Pulse, after he has sifted it. If he does not sift, after he smoothes out a pile. Even after he has smoothed out the pile, he may [without tithing] take from the broken ears, from the sides of the piles, and from that which is mixed in with the chaff, and eat.",
|
28 |
+
"Wine [is liable for tithes] after it has been skimmed [in the lower part of the winepress]. Even though it has been skimmed, he may take from the upper winepress, or from the duct, and drink [without taking out tithe]. Oil [is liable for tithes] after it has gone down into the trough. But even after it has gone down into the trough he may still take oil from the pressing bale, or from the press beam, or from the boards between the press [without tithing,] And he may put such oil on a cake, or large plate. But he should not put the oil in a dish or stewpot, while they are boiling. Rabbi Judah says: he may put it into anything except that which contains vinegar or brine.",
|
29 |
+
"A cake of pressed figs [is liable for tithes] from the moment it has been smoothed out [with fruit juice]. They may smooth them out with [the juice of] untithed figs or grapes. Rabbi Judah forbids this. If one smoothed with grapes, it is not susceptible to uncleanness. Rabbi Judah says it is susceptible. Dried figs [are liable to tithe] after they have been pressed [into a jar]. And [figs] stored in a bin [are liable to tithe] after they have been pressed. If one was pressing [the figs] into a jar, or pressing them in a storage bin, and the jar was broken or the storage bin opened, he may not make a chance meal of them. Rabbi Yose permits this."
|
30 |
+
],
|
31 |
+
[
|
32 |
+
"If one was passing through the street, and said “Take for yourself from my figs,” one may eat them and be exempt from tithes. Therefore if they brought them into their houses, they must separate [tithes and terumah] as if they were certainly untithed. [If he said], “Take and bring it into your houses,” they may not make a chance meal of them. Therefore if they brought them into their houses, they need tithe them only as demai.",
|
33 |
+
"If they were sitting at the gate or a shop, and one said [to them], “Take for yourselves figs,” they may eat and be exempt from tithes, but the owner of the gate, or the owner of the shop, is liable [to give tithe]. Rabbi Judah exempts him unless he turns his face or changes the place where he was sitting [and selling].",
|
34 |
+
"One who brings produce from the Galilee to Judea, or if he goes up to Jerusalem, he may eat of them until he arrives at the place to which he intends to go, and the same is true when he returns. Rabbi Meir says: [he may eat] until he reaches the place where he intends to rest [on Shabbat]. But peddlers who travel from town to town may eat until they reach the place where they intend to stay over night. Rabbi Judah says: the first house [he reaches] is his house.",
|
35 |
+
"Produce from which he separated terumah before its work was finished: Rabbi Eliezer says: it is forbidden to make a chance meal of it, But the sages permit it except when it is a basket of figs. A basket of figs from which one separated terumah: Rabbi Shimon permits it. But the sages forbid it.",
|
36 |
+
"One who says to his friend: “Here is this issar, give me five figs for it”, he may not eat of [them] until he has tithed them, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: if he ate them one by one, he is exempt, but if he gathered them [to eat them] together, he is liable [to tithe.] Rabbi Judah said: it happened in a rose-garden in Jerusalem that there were figs being sold three or four for an issar, and neither terumah nor tithe was ever given from it.",
|
37 |
+
"One who says to his friend: “Here is an issar for ten figs which I choose for myself,” he may choose them and eat [one at a time without tithing]. [If he said] “For a cluster of grapes which I choose for myself,” he may pick grapes from the cluster and eat. [If he said], “For a pomegranate which I choose for myself,” he may take apart [the pomegranate] and eat [it one piece at a time]. [If he said] “For a watermelon, which I choose for myself,” he may slice and eat [it one piece at a time]. But if he said “For these twenty figs,” or “For these two clusters,” or “For these two water-melons,” he may eat them in his usual way and be exempt [from tithe], because he bought them while they were still attached to the ground.",
|
38 |
+
"One who has hired a worker to help him harvest figs, and he [the worker] said to him “On condition that I may eat the figs,” he may eat them and he is exempt [from tithing]. [If he said,] “On condition that I and my son may eat,” or “that my son may eat of them in lieu of my receiving a wage,” he may eat and he is exempt [from tithing], but his son may eat but he is liable [for tithes]. [If he said,] “On condition that I may eat of them during the time of the fig harvest, and after the fig harvest,” during the time of the fig harvest he may eat and he is exempt [from tithing], but if he eats after the fig harvest he is liable, since he does not eat of them in the manner mandated by the Torah. This is the general rule: one who eats in a manner mandated by the Torah is exempt [from tithes], and one who does not eat in the manner mandated by the Torah is liable.",
|
39 |
+
"If a man is working [as a hired worker] among cooking figs, he may not eat of white figs, and if among white figs, he may not eat of cooking figs, but he may restrain himself until he reaches the place where there are the better figs, and then he may eat. If a man exchanges with his friend either [figs] for eating for [figs] for eating, or [figs] to be dried for figs [to be dried], of figs [for eating] for figs [to be dried], then he is liable to give tithes. Rabbi Judah says: one who exchanges [figs] for [other figs for eating] is liable, but [if for figs] for drying he is exempt."
|
40 |
+
],
|
41 |
+
[
|
42 |
+
"One who was taking figs through his courtyard to be dried, his children and the other members of his household may eat [of them] and they are exempt [from tithes]. The workers [who work] with him may eat and be exempt so long as he is not obliged to provide for them. If however, he is obligated to provide for them they may not eat.",
|
43 |
+
"One who brought his workers into the field, when he is not obligated to provide for them, they may eat and be exempt from tithes. If, however, he is obligated to provide for them they may eat of the figs one at a time, but not from the basket, nor from the large basket, nor from the storage yard.",
|
44 |
+
"One who hired a worker to work with olives and he said to him, “On condition that I may eat the olives,” he may eat of them one at a time and be exempt [from tithes]. If, however, he gathered several together he is liable [for tithes]. [If he had been hired] to weed out onions, and he said to him, “On condition that I may eat the vegetables,” he may pluck leaf by leaf, and eat [without tithing]. If, however, he gathered several together, he is liable [for tithes].",
|
45 |
+
"If one found cut figs on the road, or even beside a field [where cut figs] have been spread [to dry], and similarly, if a fig tree overhangs the road, and he found figs beneath it, they are allowed [with regard to the laws] of robbery, and they are exempt from tithe. But if they were olives and carobs, they are liable. If one found dried figs, then if the majority of people had already trodden [their figs], he must tithe [them], but if not he is exempt. If one found slices of fig-cake he is liable [to tithe] since it is obvious they come from something whose processing had been fully completed. With carobs, if they had not yet been on the top of the roof, he may take some down for his animals and be exempt [from tithe] since he returns that which is left over.",
|
46 |
+
"Which courtyard is it which makes [the produce] liable to tithe? Rabbi Ishmael says: the Tyrian yard for the vessels are protected therein. Rabbi Akiva says: any courtyard which one person may open and another may shut is exempt. Rabbi Nehemiah says: any courtyard in which a man is not ashamed to eat is liable. Rabbi Yose says: any courtyard into which a person may enter and no one says to him, “what are you looking for” is exempt. Rabbi Judah says: if there are two courtyards one within the other, the inner one makes liable and the outer one is exempt.",
|
47 |
+
"Roofs do not render [produce] liable, even though they belong to a courtyard which renders it liable. A gate house, portico, or balcony, are like the courtyard [to which it belongs]; if [the courtyard] makes the [produce] liable [for tithes] so do they, and if it does not, they do not.",
|
48 |
+
"Cone-shaped huts, watchtowers, and sheds in the field do not render [produce] liable. A sukkah-hut like those used in Ginnosar, even though it contains millstones and poultry, does not render [produce] liable. As for the potter’s sukkah-hut, the inner part renders [produce] liable and the outer part does not. Rabbi Yose says: anything which is not both a sunny season and rainy season dwelling does not render [produce] liable [to tithes]. A sukkah used on the Festival [of Sukkot]: Rabbi Judah says: this renders [produce] liable [for tithes] But the sages exempt.",
|
49 |
+
"A fig tree which stands in a courtyard: one may eat the figs from it one at a time and be exempt [from tithes], but if he gathered some together he is liable. Rabbi Shimon says: if he has [one in his right hand and one in his left hand and one in his mouth, he is exempt. If he ascended to the top [of it], he may fill his bosom and eat.",
|
50 |
+
"A vine which was planted in a courtyard: one may take a whole cluster [and eat it without tithing]. Similarly with a pomegranate, or a melon, the words of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: he can pick single berries from the cluster, or split the pomegranate into slices, or cut slices of melon [and eat without tithing]. Coriander which was sown in a courtyard: one may pluck leaf by leaf and eat [without tithing], but if he ate them together he is liable [for tithes]. Savory and hyssop, and thyme which are in the courtyard, if they are kept watch over, they are liable for tithe.",
|
51 |
+
"A fig tree which stands in a courtyard, and hangs over into a garden: one may eat in his customary fashion and be exempt [from tithes]. If it stands in the garden and hangs over into the courtyard, one may eat [the figs] one at a time and be exempt, but if he gathers them together, he is liable [for tithes]. If it stands in the land [of Israel] and hangs over [into the territory] outside the land, or if it stands outside the land, and hangs over into the land, [in all these cases the law is] decided according to the position of the root. And as regards houses in walled cities, everything is decided according to the position of the root. But as regards cities of refuge, everything is decided [also] according to the location of the branches. And in what concerns Jerusalem, everything is decided by the location of the branches."
|
52 |
+
],
|
53 |
+
[
|
54 |
+
"If he pickled, stewed, or salted [produce], he is liable [to give tithes]. If he stored [produce] in the ground [in order to warm it up] he is exempt. If he dipped it [while yet] in the field, he is exempt. If he split olives so that the bitter taste may come out of them, he is exempt. If he squeezed olives against his skin, he is exempt. If he squeezed them and put [the oil] into his hand, he is liable. One who makes a viscous liquid [from grapes or olives] in order to put it in a dish is exempt. But if to put it in an [empty] pot, he is liable for it is like a small vat.",
|
55 |
+
"Children who have hidden figs [in the field] for Shabbat and they forgot to tithe them, they must not be eaten after Shabbat until they have been tithed. In the case of a basket of fruits for Shabbat: Bet Shammai exempt it from tithes; But Bet Hillel makes it liable. Rabbi Judah says: even one who has gathered a basket of fruit to send as a present to his friend, must not eat of them, until they have been tithed.",
|
56 |
+
"One who took olives from a vat may dip them one at a time in salt, and eat them. But if he salted them, and put them in front of him, he is liable [for tithes]. Rabbi Eliezer said: from a pure vat he is liable but from an impure [vat] he is exempt because can put back the leftovers.",
|
57 |
+
"One may drink [wine] out of the winepress, whether [it is mixed] with hot or cold water, and be exempt [from tithes], the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Eliezer bar Zadok says he is liable. But the sages say: with hot water he is liable [to tithe] but with cold water, he is exempt.",
|
58 |
+
"One who husks barley may husk one at a time and eat [without tithing], but if he husked and put them into his hand, he is liable [to tithe]. One who rubs [ears of] wheat may blow out [the chaff of the wheat] from hand to hand and eat, but if he blows and puts the grain in his lap he is liable. Coriander which was sown for the sake of the seed, the plant is exempt [from tithes]. If he sowed it for the sake of the plant then both the seed and the plant must be tithed. Rabbi Eliezer said: as for dill, tithe must be given from the seed and the plant, and the pods. But the sages say: only in the case of cress and eruca are both the seeds and plant tithed.",
|
59 |
+
"Rabban Gamaliel says: shoots of fenugreek, of mustard, and of white beans are liable [to tithe]. Rabbi Eliezer says: as for the caper bush, tithes must be given from the shoots, the berries and the blossoms. Rabbi Akiba says: only the berries are tithed since they [alone] count as fruit."
|
60 |
+
],
|
61 |
+
[
|
62 |
+
"One who uproots saplings from of his own [property] and plants them [elsewhere] within his own [property] is exempt [from tithes]. If he bought [saplings] attached to the ground, he is exempt. If he gathered them in order to send them to his fellow, he is exempt. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah said: if similar ones were being sold in the market, behold they are liable [for tithes].",
|
63 |
+
"One who uproots turnips and radishes from within his own [property] and plants [them elsewhere] within his own [property] for the purpose of seed, he is liable to tithe, since this is [equivalent to] their threshing floor. If onions take root in an upper story they become clean from any impurity. If some debris fell upon them and they are uncovered, they are regarded as though they were planted in the field.",
|
64 |
+
"One may not sell produce after the season for tithing has arrived to one who is not trusted concerning tithes. Nor in the sabbatical year [may one sell sabbatical year produce] to one suspected of [transgressing] the sabbatical year. If only [some] produce ripened, he takes the ripe ones and may sell the remainder.",
|
65 |
+
"One may not sell his straw, nor his olive peat, or his grape pulp to one who is not to be trusted in [with respect to] tithes, for him to extract the juice from them. If he did extract the juice he is liable for tithes, but is exempt from terumah, because when one separates terumah he has in mind the fragments which [is] by the sides, and that which is inside the straw.",
|
66 |
+
"One who buys a field of vegetables in Syria: If before the season for tithing arrived, then he is liable to tithe. If after the season for tithing he is exempt, and he may go on gathering in his usual manner. Rabbi Judah says: he may even hire workers and gather. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: When does this apply? If he has bought the land. But if, he has not bought the land, even before the season for tithing arrived he is exempt. Rabbi [Judah Hanasi] says: he must also tithe according to calculation.",
|
67 |
+
"One who makes grape-skin wine, and he put water on by measure, and he finds [afterwards] the same quantity, he is exempt from tithe. Rabbi Judah makes him liable. If he found more than the measure, he must give [tithe] for it from another place, in proportion.",
|
68 |
+
"Anthills which have remained the whole night near a pile of grain which was liable to tithe, [the grain found in them] is liable, since it is obvious that they [the ants] have been dragging away the whole night from something [of which the work] had been completed.",
|
69 |
+
"Garlic from Balbeck, onions from Rikpa, Cicilician beans and Egyptians lentils, and Rabbi Meir says qirqas, and Rabbi Yose says qotnym are exempt from tithes and may be brought from any man in the seventh year. The seeds of upper arum pods, the seeds of leeks, the seeds of onions, the seeds of turnips and radishes, and other seeds of garden produce which are not eaten, are exempt from tithes, and may be bought from any man in the seventh year; and even though the plants from they grew were terumah, they may still be eaten [by non-priests]."
|
70 |
+
]
|
71 |
+
],
|
72 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
73 |
+
"Chapter",
|
74 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
75 |
+
]
|
76 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
ADDED
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+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Maasrot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Sefaria Community Translation",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"license": "CC0",
|
8 |
+
"versionTitleInHebrew": "תרגום קהילת ספריא",
|
9 |
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"actualLanguage": "en",
|
10 |
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"languageFamilyName": "english",
|
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"isBaseText": false,
|
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"isSource": false,
|
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"direction": "ltr",
|
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"heTitle": "משנה מעשרות",
|
15 |
+
"categories": [
|
16 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
17 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
18 |
+
],
|
19 |
+
"text": [
|
20 |
+
[
|
21 |
+
"They stated a rule with regard to tithes: Anything which is food, and is guarded, and grows from the earth, requires tithes. And they stated another rule: Anything that is in its beginning is food, and in its end is food, even if one guards it [and does not pick it when it is small] in order to add food, requires tithes whether it is small or large. And anything that is not in its beginning food, but is in its end is food, does not require tithes until it becomes food.",
|
22 |
+
"From when are fruits required to be tithed? Figs from when they begin to ripen. Grapes and raisins, from when the seed can be seen through the skin. Sumac and strawberries, from when they redden. And all the red [fruit], from when they redden. And pomegranates, from when [their seeds] can be crushed. Dates, from when they begin to swell like leaven. Peaches, from when they develop [the appearance of] veins. Nuts, from when they become like a storehouse [for the separated nutmeat within]. Rabbi Yehudah says, nuts and almonds, from when they develop an [inner] husk.",
|
23 |
+
"Carobs, from when they form [dark] spots. All dark fruits, from when they form [dark] spots. And pears and Crustumenian pears and quinces and crab-apples, from when they lose their fuzz. All white fruits, from when they lose their fuzz. Fenugreek, from when [its seeds] will grow [if planted]. Grain and olives, from when they have produced one-third [of what they can produce].",
|
24 |
+
"And regarding vegetables: Cucumbers, gourds, melons, cucumber-melons, apples, and citrons require tithes whether large or small. Rabbi Shimon exempts the citron when small. That which requires [tithes] for bitter almonds [which require tithes only when young], is exempt [from tithes] for sweet [almonds, which require tithes only when fully grown]. That which requires for sweet, is exempt for bitter. ",
|
25 |
+
"What is the [stage at which different items require tithes, just as wheat does when it reaches the] granary [stage and] requires tithes? Cucumbers and pumpkins, from when their blossoms are removed. If he doesn't remove their blossoms, from when he stacks a pile. Melons, from when they are trimmed. If they are not trimmed, from when they are stored away. Vegetables that are bundled, from when he bundles them. If he does not bundle them, from when he fills the vessel. If he does not fill the vessel, from when he has collected as much as one needs. [If collecting into] a basket, once he covers it. If he does not cover it, once he fills up the vessel. If he does not fill the vessel, once he has collected as much as he needs. In what situation does this apply? When bringing to the market. But when bringing to his house, he may eat casually from them until he reaches his house.",
|
26 |
+
"Dried pomegranate, raisins, and carobs, [require tithes] from when he stacks a pile. Onions, from when he peels [them]. If he does not peel, from when he stacks a pile. Grain, from when he smoothes [it] even. If he does not smooth even, from when he stacks a pile. Beans, from when he sifts [it]. If he does not sift, from when he smoothes even. Even though he has sifted, he may take from the broken and from the sides and from what is in the midst of the grain and eat [it].",
|
27 |
+
"Wine, from when he skims [the scum from its surface]. Even though he has skimmed, he may collect from the upper winepress and from the pipe and drink. Oil, from when it falls into the trough. Even though it has fallen, he may take from the olive pulp bale and from between the olive press-stone and from between the board and put it on the batter-cake or on the plate, but he may not put it in the pot or in the stew-pot when they are boiling. Rabbi Yehudah says, he may put it in anything, except for something that has in it vinegar and brine. ",
|
28 |
+
"A round fig cake, [requires tithes] from when we smooth it out. It may be smoothed out by [the juices of] non-tithed figs or grapes. Rabbi Yehudah forbids [this]. One who smoothes out by [the juice of] grapes, does not make it susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Yehudah says that it is made susceptible to impurity. Dried figs, [require tithes] from when they are pressed. Storehouse [dried figs], from when they are rounded [into cakes]. If one was pressing [figs] with a barrel or rounding storehouse [figs], and the barrel broke or the storehouse [figs] became defective, he may not eat casually from them. Rabbi Yose permits."
|
29 |
+
],
|
30 |
+
[
|
31 |
+
"If one was passing through the market and said, “Take for yourselves [from my] figs,” they may eat and be exempt [from tithes]. Therefore if they brought them into their houses, they must separate tithes as [one does for] certainly non-tithed [produce]. [If he said], “Take and bring it into your houses,” they may not eat casually from them. Therefore if they brought them into their houses, they do not need to separate tithes except as [one does for] <i>Demai</i> [produce from which it is uncertain if tithes were already taken].",
|
32 |
+
"If they were sitting at the gate or in a store and someone said, \"Take for yourselves [from my] figs,\" they may eat and be exempt. But the owner of the gate or the owner of the store would be required. Rabbi Yehudah exempts him, unless he hides his face, or unless he changes the place where he is sitting.",
|
33 |
+
"If one brings produce from the Galilee to Judah or makes a pilgrimage [and brings produce] to Jerusalem, he may eat [of the produce] until he arrives at the place where he was going, and so too in returning. Rabbi Meir says, until he arrives at the place of stopping. And the merchants who peddle in the cities may eat until they arrive at the place of sleep. Rabbi Yehudah says, the first house [in the city where he will sleep should be considered as if] it is his house.",
|
34 |
+
"Produce from which he separated <i>Terumah</i> before their work was finished: Rabbi Eliezer forbids eating casually from them, but the Sages permit except when it is a basket of figs. A basket of figs from which he separated <i>Terumah</i>: Rabbi Shimon permits, but the Sages forbid.",
|
35 |
+
"One who says to his friend: “Here is this <i>Issar</i> [specific unit of money], and give me five figs for it”, he may not eat [of them] until he has tithed [them], the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehudah says: if he ate them one by one, he is exempt. If he combined them, he is required [to tithe.] Rabbi Yehudah said: it happened in a rose-garden that was in Jerusalem, and there were figs being sold three or four for an <i>Issar</i>, and neither <i>Terumah</i> nor tithes were ever set aside from it.",
|
36 |
+
"One who says to his friend: “Here is this <i>Issar</i> for ten figs that I will choose for myself,” he may choose and eat [the figs one at a time without tithing. If he said,] “For a cluster of grapes that I will choose for myself,” he may pick [grapes from the cluster] and eat [one at a time]. [If he said,] “For a pomegranate that I will choose for myself,” he may take apart [the pomegranate] and eat [it one piece at a time]. [If he said] “For a melon that I will choose for myself,” he may slice and eat [it one piece at a time]. But if he said “For these twenty figs,” or “For these two clusters,” or “For these two melons,” he may eat them in his usual way and be exempt [from tithes], because he bought them while they were still attached to the ground.",
|
37 |
+
"One who has hired a worker to dry figs with him, and [the worker] said to him, “On the condition that I may eat of the figs,” he may eat them and is exempt [from tithing]. [If he said,] “On the condition that my son and I may eat,” or “that my son may eat in lieu of my receiving a wage,” he eats and is exempt [from tithing what he eats], but his son eats and is required [to tithe]. [If he said,] “On the condition that I may eat of them during the harvest time and after the harvest time,” during the harvest time he eats and is exempt [from tithing], but after the harvest time he eats and is required [to tithe], since he does not eat of them in a manner mandated by the Torah. This is the general rule: one who eats in a manner mandated by the Torah is exempt [from tithing], and one who does not eat in the manner mandated by the Torah is required [to tithe].",
|
38 |
+
"If [a hired worker is] working among bad figs, he may not eat of white figs. If among white figs, he may not eat of bad figs, but must restrain himself until he reaches the place of the better figs, and [there] he may eat. If a man exchanges with his friend, either [figs] to be eaten for [figs] to be eaten, or [figs] to be dried for [figs] to be dried, or [figs] to be eaten for [figs] to be dried, then he is required [to give tithes]. Rabbi Yehudah says: one who exchanges for [figs] to be eaten is required, but [for figs] to be dried is exempt."
|
39 |
+
],
|
40 |
+
[
|
41 |
+
"One who was taking figs through his courtyard to be dried, his children and the members of his household may eat [of them] and are exempt [from tithing]. The workers that are [working] with him, when they are not owed food by him, may eat and are exempt. But if they are owed food by him, these may not eat.",
|
42 |
+
"One who brought his workers out to the field, when they are not owed food by him, they may eat and are exempt. But if they are owed food by him, they may eat of the figs one at a time, but not from the basket, nor from the large basket, nor from the place where they dry.",
|
43 |
+
"One who hired a worker to work with olives and he said to him, “On the condition that I may eat of the olives,” he may eat of them one at a time and is exempt [from tithes]. If he combined them, he is required [to tithe]. [If he had been hired] to weed onions, and he said to him, “On the condition that I may eat of the vegetables,” he may pluck leaf by leaf and eat [without tithing]. If he combined them, he is required [to tithe].",
|
44 |
+
"If one found cut figs on the road, even beside a field of cut figs, and similarly, if a fig tree overhangs the road, and he found beneath it figs, they are allowed [to be taken without being considered] robbery, and they are exempt from tithes. But in [a case of] olives and carobs, they require [tithes]. If one found dried [untrodden] figs, then if the majority of people had already trodden [their figs], he is required [to tithe them], but if not, he is exempt. If one found slices of [trodden] fig-cake, he is required [to tithe] since it is obvious that they come from a finished item. With carobs, if one has not yet brought them to the top of the roof, if he takes some of them down for his animals he is exempt [from tithing] since he puts back the leftovers.",
|
45 |
+
"What type of courtyard makes [produce carried into it] require [tithing]? Rabbi Yishmael says: the Tyrian yard, for the vessels are protected therein. Rabbi Akiva says: any courtyard that one person may open and another may lock is exempt. Rabbi Nechemiah says: any courtyard in which a man is not ashamed to eat makes [produce] require [tithing]. Rabbi Yossi says: any courtyard into which a person may enter into and no one says to him, “What do you seek?” makes exempt. Rabbi Yehudah says: if there are two courtyards, one within the other, the inner makes [produce] require [tithing] and the outer makes exempt.",
|
46 |
+
"Roofs make [produce] exempt, even though they belong to a courtyard that makes [produce] require [tithing]. A gate house, portico, or balcony, these are like the courtyard [to which they are attached]; if [the courtyard makes the produce] require [tithes], they make it require, and if it makes exempt, they make exempt. ",
|
47 |
+
"Cone-shaped huts, watchtowers, and field sheds make [produce] exempt [from tithing]. A sukkah of Ginnosar, even though it contains millstones and poultry, makes exempt. The potters' sukkah , the inner makes [produce] require [tithing] and the outer makes exempt. Rabbi Yossi says: anything that is not both a sunny season dwelling and a rainy season dwelling makes exempt. A sukkah of the festival used on the festival [of Sukkot]: Rabbi Yehudah makes [produce brought into this sukkah ] require [tithing], but the Sages exempt.",
|
48 |
+
"A fig tree that stands in a courtyard: one may eat [the figs from it] one at a time and be exempt [from tithes], but if he combined [them], he is required [to tithe]. Rabbi Shimon says: [even if he has] one in his right hand and one in his left hand and one in his mouth, [he is exempt]. If he ascended to the top [of the tree], he may fill his lap and eat.",
|
49 |
+
"A vine that is planted in a courtyard: one may take a whole cluster [and eat it without tithing]. Similarly with a pomegranate, or a melon, the words of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: he can pick [grapes] from the cluster, or take apart the pomegranate, or slice the melon [and eat without tithing]. Coriander that was sown in a courtyard: one may pluck leaf by leaf and eat [without tithing], but if he combines them, he is required [to tithe]. <i>Satureia Thymbra</i>, hyssop, and thyme that are in the courtyard, if they are protected, they require [tithes].",
|
50 |
+
"A fig tree that stands in a courtyard and hangs over into a garden: one may eat in his customary fashion and be exempt [from tithes]. If it stands in a garden and hangs over into a courtyard, one may eat [the figs] one at a time and be exempt, but if he combines [them], he is required [to tithe]. If it stands in the Land [of Israel] and hangs over into <i>Chutz La'Aretz</i> [outside of the Land of Israel, or if it stands] in <i>Chutz La'Aretz</i> and hangs over into the Land [of Israel], in all [cases the law] is decided according to the [position of the] root. And as regards houses in walled cities, in all [cases the law] is decided according to the [position of the] root. But as regards an <i>Ir Miklat</i> [city of refuge for accidental murderers], in all [cases the law] is decided according to the [position of the] branches. And as regards Jerusalem, in all [cases the law] is decided according to the [position of the] branches."
|
51 |
+
],
|
52 |
+
[
|
53 |
+
"If he pickled, stewed, or salted [produce] in a field, he is required [to tithe]. If he stored [produce] in the ground [in order to warm it up], he is exempt. If he dipped it [while yet] in the field, he is exempt. If he split olives so that the bitter taste may come out of them, he is exempt. If he squeezed olives against his skin, he is exempt. If he squeezed and put [the oil] into his hand, he is required. One who skims [wine] in order to put it in a dish is exempt, but if to put it in an [empty] pot, he is required [to give tithes] for it is like a small vat. ",
|
54 |
+
"Children who have hidden figs [in the field] for Shabbat and they forgot to tithe them, they may not be eaten after Shabbat until they have been tithed. In the case of a basket [of fruits] for Shabbat: The House of Shammai exempt it [from tithes], but the House of Hillel require it [in tithes]. Rabbi Yehudah says: even one who has gathered the basket to send [as a present] to his friend, may not eat until he has tithed [it].",
|
55 |
+
"One who took olives from a vat may dip them one at a time in salt and eat them, but if he salted them and put them in front of him, he is required [to tithe]. Rabbi Eliezer says: from a pure vat he is required, but from an impure he is exempt since he puts back the leftovers.",
|
56 |
+
"One may drink [wine] out of the winepress, whether [it is mixed] with hot or cold water, and be exempt [from tithes], the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Eliezer bar Zadok requires [him to tithe]. But the Sages say: with hot water he is required [to tithe], but with cold water, he is exempt.",
|
57 |
+
"One who husks barley may husk one at a time and eat [without tithing], but if he husked and put them into his hand, he is required [to tithe]. One who rubs [ears of] wheat may blow [the wheat] from hand to hand [to remove the chaff] and eat, but if he blows and puts the grain in his lap, he is required [to tithe]. Coriander that was sown for the seed, its greenery is exempt [from tithes]. If he sowed it for the greenery, both the seed and the greenery must be tithed. Rabbi Eliezer says: dill must be tithed from seed and greenery and pods. But the Sages say: he need not tithe from both seed and greenery except in the case of cress and arugula.",
|
58 |
+
"Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: shoots of fenugreek, of mustard, and of the white bean require tithes. Rabbi Eliezer says: the caper bush must be tithed from the shoots and the berries and the blossoms. Rabbi Akiva says: he need not tithe except the berries, since they [alone] count as fruit."
|
59 |
+
],
|
60 |
+
[
|
61 |
+
"One who uproots saplings from within his own [property] and plants them [elsewhere] within his own [property] is exempt [from tithes]. If he bought [saplings] attached to the ground, he is exempt. If he gathered them in order to send them to his fellow, he is exempt. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah says: if similar ones were being sold in the market, behold these require [tithing].",
|
62 |
+
"One who uproots turnips and radishes from within his own [property] and plants [them elsewhere] within his own [property] for seed, he is required [to tithe], since this is their [stage at which they require tithes, just as wheat does when it reaches the] granary [stage]. If onions take root in an upper story they become pure from any impurity. If debris fell upon them and they are uncovered, they are regarded as though planted in the field.",
|
63 |
+
"A man may not sell his produce after the season for tithing has arrived to one who is not trusted concerning tithes, nor in the Sabbatical year [may one sell Sabbatical year produce] to one who is suspected of [transgressing] the Sabbatical year. If [only some of the produce] ripened, he takes the ripe ones and may sell the remainder.",
|
64 |
+
"A man may not sell his straw, nor his olive peat, nor his grape pulp to one who is not to be trusted concerning tithes, for him to extract juice from them. If he did extract [the juice], he is required to tithe, but is exempt from <i>Terumah</i>, because one who separates <i>Terumah</i> has in mind the fragments and the sides and that which is in the straw.",
|
65 |
+
"One who buys a vegetable field in Syria: If [when he bought it] the season for tithing had not yet arrived, he is required [to tithe]. If the season for tithing had arrived, he is exempt, and he may go on gathering in his usual manner. Rabbi Yehudah says: he may even hire workers and gather. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: When does this apply? When he has bought the land. But when he has not bought the land, [even] if the season for tithing had not yet arrived, he is exempt. Rabbi [Yehudah HaNassi] says: he must also separate [tithes] according to calculation.",
|
66 |
+
"One who makes grape-skin wine, and he put water by measure, and he found [afterwards that the wine is] the same measure, he is exempt [from tithes]. Rabbi Yehudah requires [tithing]. If he found more than the measure, he must give [tithes] for it from another place, according to calculation.",
|
67 |
+
"Anthills that have remained the whole night near a pile [of grain] that required [tithing], these [grains found in the anthills] require [tithing], since it is obvious that [the ants] have been dragging away the whole night from something [of which the work] was completed.",
|
68 |
+
"Garlic from Ba'albeck, onions from Rikhpa, Cicilician beans and Egyptians lentils, and Rabbi Meir says even the colocasia, and Rabbi Yossi says even the beans of the colocasia, are exempt from tithes and may be bought from any man during the Sabbatical year. The seeds of upper <i>Luf</i> [plant], the seeds of leeks, the seeds of onions, the seeds of turnips and radishes, and the other seeds of garden produce that are not eaten, are exempt from tithes, and may be bought from any man during the Sabbatical year; for even though their fathers [the plants from which they grew] are <i>Terumah</i>, these may still be eaten [by non-priests]."
|
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+
]
|
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],
|
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"sectionNames": [
|
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+
"Chapter",
|
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"Mishnah"
|
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+
]
|
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}
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json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
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{
|
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+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Maasrot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001042448/NLI",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de]",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
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"priority": 0.25,
|
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"license": "Public Domain",
|
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"versionNotes": "",
|
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"digitizedBySefaria": true,
|
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"shortVersionTitle": "Lazarus Goldschmidt, 1929 ",
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"actualLanguage": "de",
|
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"languageFamilyName": "german",
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"isBaseText": false,
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"direction": "ltr",
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"heTitle": "משנה מעשרות",
|
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"categories": [
|
19 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
20 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
21 |
+
],
|
22 |
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"text": [
|
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+
[
|
24 |
+
"<b>F</b>OLGENDE R<small>EGEL SAGTEN SIE HINSICHTLICH DER</small> Z<small>EHNTE</small>: A<small>LLES, WAS EINE</small> S<small>PEISE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Pea I, Anm. 6ff.</i> <small>IST, AUFBEWAHRT WIRD UND SEINE</small> N<small>AHRUNG AUS DER</small> E<small>RDE ZIEHT, IST ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>. U<small>ND NOCH EINE ANDERE</small> R<small>EGEL SAGTEN SIE</small>: A<small>LLES, WAS BEI</small> B<small>EGINN</small> [<small>DER</small> R<small>EIFE</small>] <small>UND BEI FERTIGER</small> [R<small>EIFE</small>] <small>ESSBAR</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Kräuter, Gemüse.</i> <small>IST, IST, OBGLEICH MAN ES NOCH WACHSEN LÄSST, DAMIT ES ZUNEHME, OB KLEIN ODER GROSS, ZEHNTPFLICHTIG; WAS ABER NICHT BEI</small> B<small>EGINN DER</small> R<small>EIFE, SONDERN ERST BEI FERTIGER</small> [R<small>EIFE</small>] <small>ESSBAR</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Baumfrüchte.</i><small>IST, IST ERST DANN ZEHNTPFLICHTIG, WENN ES BEREITS ESSBAR GEWORDEN</small>.",
|
25 |
+
"II. W<small>ANN WERDEN</small> B<small>AUMFRÜCHTE ZEHNTPFLICHTIG?</small> F<small>EIGEN, SOBALD SIE ZU REIFEN BEGINNEN</small>, W<small>EINTRAUBEN UND</small> H<small>ERLINGE, SOBALD SIE DURCHSICHTIG SIND, DER</small> G<small>ERBERSUMACH UND DER</small> M<small>AULBEERBAUM, SOBALD DIE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE ROT SIND, DESGLEICHEN ALLE ANDEREN ROTEN</small> F<small>RÜCHTE, SOBALD SIE ROT SIND</small>; G<small>RANATÄPFEL, SOBALD SIE WEICH WERDEN</small>; D<small>ATTELN, SOBALD SIE DUNSEN</small>; P<small>FIRSICHE, SOBALD SIE</small> Ä<small>DERCHEN BEKOMMEN</small>, N<small>ÜSSE, SOBALD SIE</small> Z<small>ELLENSCHALE BEKOMMEN</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT</small>, N<small>ÜSSE UND</small> M<small>ANDELN, SOBALD SIE FERTIGE</small> S<small>CHALEN HABEN</small>.",
|
26 |
+
"III. J<small>OHANNISBROT, SOBALD ES</small> P<small>UNKTE BEKOMMT, DESGLEICHEN ALLE ANDEREN SCHWARZEN</small> F<small>RÜCHTE, SOBALD SIE</small> P<small>UNKTE BEKOMMEN</small>; B<small>IRNEN</small>, G<small>OLDÄPFEL</small>, Q<small>UITTEN UND</small> H<small>OLZÄPFEL, SOBALD SIE KAHL WERDEN, DESGLEICHEN ALLE ANDEREN WEISSEN</small> F<small>RÜCHTE, SOBALD SIE KAHL WERDEN</small>; B<small>OCKSHORNKLEE, SOBALD ER ZUR</small> A<small>USSAAT TAUGLICH IST</small>; G<small>ETREIDE UND</small> O<small>LIVEN, SOBALD SIE EIN</small> D<small>RITTEL DES</small> W<small>ACHSTUMS ERREICHT HABEN</small>.",
|
27 |
+
"IV. V<small>ON</small> K<small>RAUTFRÜCHTEN SIND</small> G<small>URKEN</small>, K<small>ÜRBISSE</small>, M<small>ELONEN</small>, A<small>PFELMELONEN, FERNER</small> Ä<small>PFEL UND</small> E<small>TROGIM, GROSS UND KLEIN, ZEHNTPFLICHTIG; NACH</small> R. Š<small>IMO͑N SIND</small> E<small>TROGIM FREI, SOLANGE SIE KLEIN SIND</small>. W<small>AS BEI BITTEREN</small> M<small>ANDELN ZEHNTPFLICHTIG IST, IST BEI SÜSSEN FREI, UND WAS BEI SÜSSEN ZEHNTPFLICHTIG IST, IST BEI BITTEREN FREI</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Letztere werden klein, erstere ausgewachsen gegessen.</i>.",
|
28 |
+
"V. W<small>ANN GELTEN SIE HINSICHTLICH DER</small> V<small>ERZEHNTUNG ALS IN DER</small> T<small>ENNE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Früchte werden in der Tenne zehntpflichtig.</i> <small>BEFINDLICH</small>? G<small>URKEN UND</small> K<small>ÜRBISSE, SOBALD SIE DIE</small> F<small>ÄSERCHEN VERLIEREN, UND WENN MAN AUF DEN</small> V<small>ERLUST DER</small> F<small>ÄSERCHEN NICHT WARTET, SOBALD MAN EINEN</small> H<small>AUFEN AUFSCHICHTET</small>; M<small>ELONEN, SOBALD SIE DIE</small> H<small>ÄRCHEN VERLEEREN, UND WENN MAN AUF DEN</small> V<small>ERLUST DER</small> H<small>ÄRCHEN NICHT WARTET, SOBALD MAN SIE AUF DEN</small> T<small>ROCKENPLATZ BRINGT</small>. K<small>RÄUTER, DIE MAN BÜNDELT, SOBALD SIE GEBÜNDELT WERDEN, WENN MAN SIE NICHT BÜNDELT, SOBALD MAN DAMIT EIN</small> G<small>EFÄSS GEFÜLLT HAT, UND WENN MAN SIE NICHT IN EIN</small> G<small>EFÄSS TUT, SOBALD MAN NACH</small> B<small>EDARF GESAMMELT HAT</small>. D<small>ER</small> F<small>RUCHTKORB, SOBALD MAN IHN ZUGEDECKT HAT, WENN MAN IHN NICHT ZUDECKT, SOBALD MAN IHN GEFÜLLT HAT, UND WENN MAN IHN NICHT FÜLLT, SOBALD MAN NACH</small> B<small>EDARF GESAMMELT HAT</small>. D<small>IES NUR, WENN MAN</small> [<small>DIE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE</small>] <small>AUF DEN</small> M<small>ARKT FÜHRT; FÜHRT MAN SIE ABER NACH</small> H<small>AUSE, SO DARF MAN GELEGENTLICH ESSEN, BIS MAN NACH</small> H<small>AUSE KOMMT</small>.",
|
29 |
+
"VI. T<small>ROCKENFRÜCHTE</small>, R<small>OSINEN UND</small> J<small>OHANNISBROT, SOBALD MAN EINEN</small> H<small>AUFEN AUFSCHICHTET</small>; Z<small>WIEBELN, SOBALD MAN SIE ABSCHÄLT, UND WENN MAN SIE NICHT ABSCHÄLT, SOBALD MAN SIE ZU EINEM</small> H<small>AUFEN SAMMELT</small>; G<small>ETREIDE, SOBALD MAN ES GLATTSTREICHT, UND WENN MAN ES NICHT GLATTSTREICHT, SOBALD MAN EINEN</small> H<small>AUFEN AUFSCHICHTET</small>; H<small>ÜLSENFUÜCHTE, SOBALD MAN SIE SIEBT, UND WENN MAN SIE NICHT SIEBT, SOBALD MAN SIE GLATTSTREICHT</small>. O<small>BGLEICH MAN SIE BEREITS GLATTGESTRICHEN HAT, SO DARF MAN DENNOCH VON DEM NEHMEN, WAS SICH UNTER DEN ABGESPRUNGENEN</small> Ä<small>HREN AN DEN</small> S<small>EITEN UND IM</small> S<small>TROH BEFINDET, UND ESSEN</small>.",
|
30 |
+
"VII. D<small>ER</small> W<small>EIN, SOBALD ER GÄRT; UND OBGLEICH ER GEGOREN HAT, SO DARF MAN DENNOCH AUS DER OBEREN</small> K<small>ELTER ODER AUS DER</small> R<small>INNE SCHÖPFEN UND TRINKEN</small>. D<small>AS</small> Ö<small>L, SOBALD ES IN DEN</small> T<small>ANK GEFLOSSEN IST; DENNOCH DARF MAN, OBGLEICH ES BEREITS ABGEFLOSSEN IST, AUS DEM</small> P<small>RESSSACK, DEM</small> P<small>RESSSTEIN UND DER</small> B<small>RETTERPRESSE NEHMEN UND ES AUF EINEN</small> F<small>LADEN ODER IN EINE</small> S<small>CHÜSSEL TUN, NICHT ABER IN EINEN</small> T<small>OPF ODER EINE</small> K<small>ASSEROLLE, WÄHREND SIE KOCHEN</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, MAN DÜRFE ES ÜBERALL HINEINTUN, AUSGENOMMEN DAS, WORIN</small> E<small>SSIG ODER</small> T<small>UNKE SICH BEFINDET</small>.",
|
31 |
+
"VIII. D<small>ER</small> F<small>EIGENKUCHEN, SOBALD MAN IHN GEGLÄTTET HAT</small>. M<small>AN DARF DIESEN MIT</small> F<small>EIGEN ODER</small> W<small>EINBEEREN VON</small> U<small>NVERZEHNTETEM GLÄTTEN</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA VERBIETET DIES</small>. W<small>ENN MAN IHN MIT</small> W<small>EINBEERSAFT GLÄTTET, SO WIRD ER DADURCH NICHT VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, ER WERDE WOHL VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG</small>. G<small>EPRESSTE</small> F<small>EIGEN, SOBALD MAN SIE EINPRESST</small>; T<small>ASS</small>-F<small>EIGEN, SOBALD MAN EINE</small> R<small>UNDUNG GEMACHT HAT</small>. W<small>ENN MAN SIE IM</small> F<small>ASSE GEPRESST ODER DEN</small> T<small>ASS GERUNDET HAT, UND DAS</small> F<small>ASS ZERBROCHEN, BEZIEHUNGSWEISE DER</small> T<small>ASS AUSEINANDERGEFALLEN IST, SO DARF MAN DAVON AUCH VORÜBERGEHEND NICHT GENIESSEN</small>; R. J<small>OSE ERLAUBT DIES</small>."
|
32 |
+
],
|
33 |
+
[
|
34 |
+
"<b>W</b>ENN <small>JEMAND</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Einer aus dem gemeinen Volke, der im Verdachte steht, den Zehnten nicht zu entrichten.</i> <small>AUF DER</small> S<small>TRASSE</small> [<small>MIT</small> F<small>EIGEN</small>] <small>VORÜBERZIEHT UND SAGT: NEHMET EUCH</small> F<small>EIGEN, SO DARF MAN DAVON ZEHNTFREI ESSEN; DAHER MUSS MAN SIE, WENN MAN SIE NACH</small> H<small>AUSE BRINGT, WIE ZWEIFELLOS</small> U<small>NVERZEHNTETES VERZEHNTEN</small>. [S<small>AGT ER</small>:] <small>NEHMET SIE EUCH NACH</small> H<small>AUSE, SO DARF MAN DAVON AUCH GELEGENTLICH NICHT ESSEN; DAHER BRAUCHT MAN SIE, WENN MAN SIE NACH</small> H<small>AUSE BRINGT, NUR WIE</small> D<small>EIHAJ ZU VERZEHNTEN</small>.",
|
35 |
+
"II. W<small>ENN SIE BEI EINEM AM</small> T<small>ORE ODER IM</small> L<small>ADEN SITZEN UND ER ZU IHNEN SAGT: NEHMET EUCH</small> F<small>EIGEN, SO DÜRFEN SIE ZEHNTFREI ESSEN, DER</small> E<small>IGEN TÜMER DES</small> T<small>ORES ODER DES</small> L<small>ADENS ABER IST ZUM</small> Z<small>EHNTEN VERPFLICHTET</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA BEFREIT AUCH</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Weil er sich geniert, an der Verkaufsstelle zu essen.</i> <small>DIESEN, ES SEI DENN, DASS ER SEIN</small> G<small>ESICHT WEGWENDET ODER SEINEN</small> P<small>LATZ WECHSELT</small>.",
|
36 |
+
"III. W<small>ENN JEMAND</small> F<small>RÜCHTE AUS</small> G<small>ALILÄA NACH</small> J<small>UDÄA FÜHRT ODER NACH HINAUFGEHT, SO DARF ER DAVON SO LANGE ESSEN, BIS ER SEIN</small> R<small>EISEZIEL ERREICHT HAT; EBENSO IN</small> J<small>UDÄA</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn er sich überlegt und nach Galiläa zurückkehrt.</i>. R. M<small>EÍR SAGT, NUR BIS ER DEN</small> O<small>RT ERREICHT, WO ER AM</small> Š<small>ABBATH RUHT</small>. K<small>RÄMER, DIE VON</small> O<small>RT ZU</small> O<small>RT UMHERZIEHEN, DÜRFEN DAVON SO LANGE ESSEN, BIS SIE IN IHR</small> N<small>ACHTQUARTIER KOMMEN</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, DAS ERSTE</small> H<small>AUS IST SEIN</small> Q<small>UARTIER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Auch wenn er in einem viel weiter liegenden Hause übernachtet.</i>.",
|
37 |
+
"IV. W<small>ENN MAN VON</small> F<small>RÜCHTEN DIE</small> H<small>EBE ABGEHOBEN HAT, BEVOR SIE FERTIG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Gebrauchsfähig zubereitet, wo sie erst zehntpflichtig werden; cf. I,8.</i> <small>WAREN, SO IST ES NACH</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER VERBOTEN, VON DIESEN GELEGENT LICH ZU ESSEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Bevor man auch den Zehnten &c. entrichtet hat.</i>; <small>DIE</small> W<small>EISEN ERLAUBEN DIES, AUSGENOMMEN EINEN</small> K<small>ORB</small> F<small>EIGEN</small>. W<small>ENN MAN VON EINEM</small> K<small>ORBE</small> F<small>EIGEN DIE</small> H<small>EBE ABGEHOBEN HAT, SO IST NACH</small> R. Š<small>IMO͑N</small> [<small>DAVON ZU ESSEN</small>] <small>ERLAUBT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Davon vor der Verzehntung zu essen.</i> <small>UND NACH DEN</small> W<small>EISEN VERBOTEN</small>.",
|
38 |
+
"V. W<small>ENN JEMAND ZU SEINEM</small> N<small>ÄCHSTEN SAGT</small>: <small>DA HAST DU EINEN</small> A<small>SSAR UND GIB MIR DAFÜR FÜNF</small> F<small>EIGEN, SO DARF ER SIE NICHT ESSEN, BEVOR ER SIE VERZEHNTET</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Sie werden durch den Kauf zehntpflichtig.</i> <small>HAT — SO</small> R. M<small>EÍR</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, ISST ER EINZELNE</small> F<small>EIGEN, SEI ER FREI</small>, [<small>NIMMT</small>] <small>ER MEHRERE ZUSAMMEN, SEI ER VERPFLICHTET</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA ERZÄHLTE</small>: I<small>N EINEM</small> R<small>OSENGARTEN ZU</small> J<small>ERUŠALEM PFLEGTE MAN JE DREI ODER VIER</small> F<small>EIGEN UM EINEN</small> A<small>SSAR ZU VERKAUFEN, UND SO</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Da die Käufer sie einzeln aßen.</i> <small>WURDE DA NIEMALS</small> H<small>EBE UND</small> Z<small>EHNT ABGESONDERT</small>.",
|
39 |
+
"VI. W<small>ENN JEMAND ZU SEINEM</small> N<small>ÄCHSTEN SAGT: DA HAST DU EINEN</small> A<small>SSAR, WOFÜR ICH MIR ZEHN</small> F<small>EIGEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die noch am Baume haften, jedoch wird nach diesem Wortlaute der Kauf erst nach dem Pflücken rechtskräftig.</i><small>AUSSUCHEN WILL, SO DARF ER SIE EINZELN ABPFLÜCKEN UND ESSEN; WENN: WOFÜR ICH MIR EINE</small> T<small>RAUBE AUSSUCHEN WILL, SO DARF ER EINZELNE</small> B<small>EEREN ABLESEN UND ESSEN; WENN: WOFÜR ICH MIR EINEN</small> G<small>RANATAPFEL AUSSUCHEN WILL, SO DARF ER EINZELNE</small> K<small>ERNE HERAUSNEHMEN UND ESSEN; WENN: WOFÜR ICH MIR EINE</small> M<small>ELONE AUSSUCHEN WILL, SO DARF ER</small> S<small>TÜCKE ABSCHNEIDEN UND ESSEN</small>. S<small>AGT ER ABER: FÜR DIESE ZWANZIG</small> F<small>EIGEN, FÜR DIESE ZWEI</small> T<small>RAUBEN, FÜR DIESE ZWEI</small> G<small>RANATÄPFEL, FÜR DIESE ZWEI</small> M<small>ELONEN, SO DARF ER WIE GEWÖHNLICH ESSEN UND IST FREI, WEIL ER SIE AM</small> B<small>ODEN HAFTEND GEKAUFT HAT</small>.",
|
40 |
+
"VII. W<small>ENN JEMAND EINEN</small> A<small>RBEITER MIETET, BEI IHM</small> F<small>EIGEN ZU TROCKNEN, UND DIESER SAGT: UNTER DER</small> B<small>EDINGUNG, DASS ICH</small> F<small>EIGEN ESSEN DARF, SO DARF ER ZEHNTFREI ESSEN; WENN: UNTER DER</small> B<small>EDINGUNG, DASS ICH MIT MEINEN</small> F<small>AMILIENANGEHÖRIGEN ESSEN DARF, ODER: DASS FÜR MEINEN</small> L<small>OHN MEIN</small> S<small>OHN ESSEN DARF, SO DARF ER ZEHNTFREI ESSEN; SEIN</small> S<small>OHN ABER DARF NUR VERZEHNTET ESSEN</small>. W<small>ENN: UNTER DER</small> B<small>EDINGUNG, DASS ICH WÄHREND DES</small> S<small>CHNEIDENS UND NACH DEM</small> S<small>CHNEIDEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Der Feigen; also nach der gebrauchsfertigen Fertigstellung.</i><small>ESSEN DARF, SO DARF ER WÄHREND DES</small> S<small>CHNEIDENS ZEHNTFREI ESSEN, NACH DEM</small> S<small>CHNEIDEN ABER, DARF ER NUR VERZEHNTET ESSEN, DA ER DANN NICHT MEHR KRAFT DER</small> T<small>ORA</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Dt. 23,25.</i><small>ISST</small>. D<small>IE</small> R<small>EGEL IST</small>: W<small>ER KRAFT DER</small> T<small>ORA ISST, IST ZEHNTFREI, WER NICHT KRAFT DER TORA ISST, IST ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>.",
|
41 |
+
"VIII. A<small>RBEITET ER BEI EINER SCHLECHTEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Im Texte werden besondere Namen genannt, nach den Kommentaren einer schlechten, bezw. guten Feigenart, die sich jedoch nicht feststellen lassen.</i>F<small>EIGENART, SO DARF ER NICHT VON DER GUTEN</small> F<small>EIGENART</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Im Texte werden besondere Namen genannt, nach den Kommentaren einer schlechten, bezw. guten Feigenart, die sich jedoch nicht feststellen lassen.</i><small>ESSEN, WENN BEI EINER GUTEN</small> F<small>EIGENART, SO DARF ER NICHT VON DER SCHLECHTEN</small> F<small>EIGENART ESSEN; WOHL ABER DARF ER SICH ENTHALTEN, BIS ER ZUR</small> S<small>TELLE DER GUTEN KOMMT, UND DANN ESSEN</small>. W<small>ENN JEMAND MIT SEINEM</small> N<small>ÄCHSTEN TAUSCHT, DASS DIESER BEI IHM</small> [<small>FRISCHE</small> F<small>EIGEN</small>] <small>ESSE, UND ER BEI DIESEM, DASS DIESER BEI IHM GETROCKNETE</small> F<small>EIGEN ESSE, UND ER BEI DIESEM, DASS DIESER BEI IHM</small> [<small>FRISCHE</small> F<small>EIGEN</small>] <small>ESSE, UND ER BEI DIESEM GETROCKNETE, SO SIND SIE</small> [<small>ZUM</small> Z<small>EHNTEN</small>] <small>VERPFLICHTET</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, TAUSCHT MAN</small> [<small>FRISCHE</small> F<small>EIGEN</small>], <small>SO IST MAN</small> [<small>ZUM</small> Z<small>EHNTEN</small>] <small>VERPFLICHTET, WENN GETROCKNETE, SO IST MAN FREI</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die Feigen sollen getrocknet gegessen werden, u. der Tausch, der als Kauf gilt, ist zu einer Zeit erfolgt, als sie noch nicht gebrauchsfähig waren.</i>."
|
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],
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[
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"<b>W</b>ENN <small>JEMAND DURCH SEINEN</small> H<small>OF</small> F<small>EIGEN ZUM</small> T<small>ROCKNEN FÜHRT, SO DÜRFEN SEINE</small> K<small>LNDER UND SEINE</small> F<small>AMILIENANGEHÖRIGEN ZEHNTFREI ESSEN; SEINE</small> A<small>RBEITER DÜRFEN, WENN IHM IHRE</small> B<small>EKÖSTIGUNG NICHT OBLIEGT, ZEHNTFREI ESSEN, WENN IHM ABER IHRE</small> B<small>EKÖSTIGUNG OBLIEGT, SO DÜRFEN SIE NICHT ESSEN</small>.",
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+
"II. W<small>ENN JEMAND SEINE</small> A<small>RBEITER AUF DAS</small> F<small>ELD</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Zu anderen Arbeiten, sodaß sie nicht nach der Tora von den Früchten zu essen befugt sind.</i> <small>FÜHRT, SO DÜRFEN SIE, WENN IHM IHRE</small> B<small>EKÖSTIGUNG NICHT OBLIEGT, ZEHNTFREI ESSEN; WENN IHM ABER IHRE</small> B<small>EKÖSTIGUNG OBLIEGT, SO DÜRFEN SIE VON DEN</small> F<small>EIGEN EINZELN ESSEN, NICHT ABER AUS DEM</small> K<small>ORBE, AUS DER</small> K<small>IEPE, ODER VOM</small> T<small>ROCKENPLATZE</small>.",
|
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+
"III. W<small>ENN JEMAND EINEN</small> A<small>RBEITER MIETET, BEI</small> O<small>LIVEN ZU ARBEITEN, UND DIESER SAGT: UNTER DER</small> B<small>EDINGUNG, DASS ICH</small> O<small>LIVEN ESSEN DARF, SO DARF ER EINZELN ZEHNTFREI ESSEN, NIMMT ER MEHRERE ZUSAMMEN, SO IST ER</small> [<small>ZUM</small> Z<small>EHNTEN</small>] <small>VERPFLICHTET</small>. W<small>ENN BEI</small> Z<small>WIEBELN ZU JÄTEN, UND DIESER SAGT: UNTER DER</small> B<small>EDINGUNG, DASS ICH</small> K<small>RÄUTER ESSEN DARF, SO DARF ER DIE</small> B<small>LÄTTER EINZELN ABKNEIFEN UND ESSEN; WENN ABER MEHRERE ZUSAMMEN, SO IST ER</small> [<small>ZUM</small> Z<small>EHNTEN</small>] <small>VERPFLICHTET</small>.",
|
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+
"IV. W<small>ENN JEMAND GESCHNITTENE</small> F<small>EIGEN AUF DEM</small> W<small>EGE FINDET, SELBST NEBEN EINEM</small> F<small>ELDE MIT GESCHNITTENEN</small> F<small>EIGEN, EBENSO WENN MAN UNTER EINEM ÜBER DEN</small> W<small>EG SICH NEIGENDEN</small> F<small>EIGENBAUME</small> F<small>EIGEN FINDET, SO SIND SIE ERLAUBT UND GELTEN NICHT ALS FREMDES</small> E<small>IGENTUM, AUCH SIND SIE ZEHNTFREI</small>; O<small>LIVEN UND</small> J<small>OHANNISBROT SIND ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Da sie beim Herabfallen nicht beschädigt werden und Eigentum des Besitzers bleiben.</i>. W<small>ENN MAN EINE GEPRESSTE</small> F<small>EIGE FINDET, SO IST MAN, WENN DIE MEISTEN</small> L<small>EUTE BEREITS GEPRESST HABEN</small>, [<small>ZUM</small> Z<small>EHNTEN</small>] <small>VERPFLICHTET, WENN ABER NICHT, SO IST MAN FREI</small>. F<small>LNDET JEMAND</small> S<small>TÜCKE VON</small> F<small>EIGENKUCHEN, SO IST ER ZUM</small> Z<small>EHNTEN VERPFLICHTET, DA SIE SICHER VON</small> G<small>EBRAUCHSFERTIGEM SIND</small>. J<small>OHANNISBROT DARF MAN, SOLANGE MAN ES NICHT AUFS DACH</small> [<small>ZUM</small> T<small>ROCKNEN</small>] <small>GE BRACHT HAT, ZEHNTFREI FÜR DAS</small> V<small>IEH NEHMEN, DA MAN, WAS ÜBRIG BLEIBT, ZURÜCKBRINGT</small>.",
|
48 |
+
"V. W<small>ELCHER</small> H<small>OF MACHT ZEHNTPFLICHTIG?</small> R. J<small>IŠMA͑FX SAGT, BEISPIELS WEISE EIN TYRISCHER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Der einen Pförtner hat.</i> H<small>OF, IN DEM</small> G<small>ERÄTE AUFBEWAHRT WERDEN</small>. R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGT, DEN EINER SCHLIESST<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Im Texte: einer öffnet und der andere schließt; der von mehreren Personen benutzt wird, sodaß keiner sich auf sein Abschließen verlassen kann.</i> UND DER ANDERE ÖFFNET, MACHE NICHT PFLICHTIG</small>. R. N<small>EḤEMJA SAGT, IN DEM MAN ZU ESSEN SICH NICHT GENIERT, MACHE ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>. R. J<small>OSE SAGT, IN DEN MAN EINTRITT, OHNE DASS JEMAND NACH SEINEM</small> V<small>ERLANGEN FRAGT, MACHE NICHT PFLICHTIG</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, VON ZWEI</small> H<small>ÖFEN, EINER INNERHALB DES ZWEITEN, MACHE DER INNERE ZEHNTPFLICHTIG UND DER VORDERE NICHT</small>.",
|
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+
"VI. D<small>ÄCHER MACHEN NICHT ZEHNTPFLICHTIG, SELBST WENN MAN ZU IHNEN NUR DURCH EINEN ZEHNTPFLICHTIG MACHENDEN</small> H<small>OF GELANGEN KANN</small>. D<small>AS</small> T<small>ORHÄUSCHEN, DIE</small> V<small>ORHALLE UND DIE</small> V<small>ERANDA GLEICHEN DEM</small> H<small>OFE SELBST, MACHT ER ZEHNTPFLICHTIG, SO MACHEN SIE ES EBENFALLS, MACHT ER NICHT ZEHNTPFLICHTIG, SO MACHEN SIE ES EBENFALLS NICHT</small>.",
|
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+
"VII. B<small>INSENZELTE</small>, W<small>ACHTHÜTTEN UND</small> L<small>AUBEN MACHEN NICHT PFLICHTIG; GENEZARETISCHE</small> H<small>ÜTTEN, AUCH WENN SICH DARIN EINE</small> H<small>ANDMÜHLE ODER</small> H<small>ÜHNER BEFINDEN, MACHEN NICHT PFLICHTIG</small>. V<small>ON DEN</small> T<small>ÖPFERHÜTTEN MACHT DIE INNERE ZEHNTPFLICHTIG, DIE VORDERE NICHT</small>. R. J<small>OSE SAGT, WAS NICHT</small> S<small>OMMER- UND</small> W<small>INTERWOHNUNG ZUGLEICH IST, MACHE NICHT ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>. D<small>IE</small> F<small>ESTHÜTTE AM</small> H<small>ÜTTENFESTE, MACHT NACH</small> R. J<small>EHUDA ZEHNTPFLICHTIG UND NACH DEN</small> W<small>EISEN NICHT</small>.",
|
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+
"VIII. V<small>ON EINEM</small> F<small>EIGENBAUME, DER IM</small> H<small>OFE STEHT, DARF MAN EINZELNE</small> F<small>EIGEN ZEHNTFREI ESSEN, NIMMT MAN MEHRERE ZUSAMMEN, SO IST MAN VER PFLICHTET</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGT, AUCH EINE IN DER</small> R<small>ECHTEN, EINE IN DER</small> L<small>IN KEN UND EINE IM</small> M<small>UNDE</small> [<small>SEI ERLAUBT</small>]. S<small>TEIGT MAN AUF DEN</small> W<small>IPFEL, SO DARF MAN DEN</small> S<small>CHOSS FÜLLEN UND ESSEN</small>.",
|
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"IX. V<small>ON EINEM</small> W<small>EINSTOCKE, DER IM</small> H<small>OFE WÄCHST, DARF MAN EINE GANZE</small> T<small>RAUBE NEHMEN UND ESSEN; DASSELBE GILT VON</small> G<small>RANATAPFEL UND</small> M<small>ELONE — SO</small> R. T<small>RYPHON</small>; R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGT, MAN DÜRFE VON DER</small> T<small>RAUBE NUR EINZELNE</small> B<small>EEREN, VOM</small> G<small>RANATAPFEL NUR EINZELNE</small> K<small>ERNE UND VON DER</small> M<small>E LONE NUR</small> S<small>TÜCKE ABSCHNEIDEN UND ESSEN</small>. V<small>OM</small> K<small>ORIANDER, DER AUF DEM</small> H<small>OFE WÄCHST, DARF MAN</small> B<small>LÄTTER EINZELN ABKNEIFEN UND ESSEN; NIMMT MAN MEHRERE ZUSAMMEN, SO IST MAN ZUM</small> Z<small>EHNTEN VERPFLICHTET</small>. P<small>OLEI</small>, Y<small>SOP UND</small> T<small>HYMIAN, DIE AUF DEM</small> H<small>OFE WACHSEN, SIND, FALLS SIE VERWAHRT WERDEN, ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>.",
|
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"X. V<small>ON EINEM AUF DEM</small> H<small>OFE STEHENDEN UND NACH DEM</small> G<small>ARTEN SICH NEIGENDEN</small> F<small>EIGENBAUME DARF MAN</small> [F<small>EIGEN</small>] <small>ZEHNTFREI WIE GEWÖHNLICH ESSEN; VON EINEM IM</small> G<small>ARTEN STEHENDEN UND NACH DEM</small> H<small>OFE SICH NEIGENDEN, DARF MAN EINZELN ZEHNTFREI ESSEN; NIMMT MAN MEHRERE ZUSAMMEN, SO IST MAN ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>. W<small>ENN EIN</small> B<small>AUM IM</small> [J<small>ISRAÉL</small>]<small>LAND STEHT UND SICH NACH DEM</small> A<small>USLANDE NEIGT, ODER IM AUSLANDE [STEHT] UND SICH NACH DEM</small> [J<small>ISRAÉL</small>]<small>LAND NEIGT, SO RICHTE MAN SICH NACH DEM</small> S<small>TAMME; EBENSO RICHTE MAN SICH BEI EINEM</small> G<small>RUNDSTÜCKE IN EINER UMMAUERTEN</small> S<small>TADT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn sich ein Baum auf einem zur ummauerten Stadt gehörigen Grundstücke befindet; cf. Lev. 25,29ff.</i> <small>STETS NACH DEM</small> S<small>TAMME</small>. B<small>EI DEN</small> A<small>SYLSTÄDTEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Dt. 19,2 ff.</i> <small>RICHTE MAN SICH NACH DEM</small> W<small>IPFEL</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Sobald der Totschläger unter den Wipfel eines Baumes gekommen ist, der auf asylstädt. Grunde wächst, ist er vor der Blutrache geschützt.</i>; <small>AUCH BEZÜGLICH</small> J<small>ERUŠALEMS RICHTE MAN SICH NACH DEM</small> W<small>IPFEL</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Der Boden unter dem Wipfel gehört zu J.</i>."
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],
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+
[
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"<b>W</b>ER [F<small>RÜCHTE</small>] <small>AUF DEM</small> F<small>ELDE EINLEGT, SCHMORT ODER EINSALZT, IST ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>. W<small>ER</small> [F<small>RÜCHTE</small>] <small>ZUM</small> A<small>BLEGEN IN DIE</small> E<small>RDE LEGT, IST FREI</small>. W<small>ER</small> [F<small>RÜCHTE</small>] <small>AUF DEM</small> F<small>ELDE EINTUNKT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Beispielsweise Oliven in Salz und sie einzeln ißt.</i>, <small>IST FREI</small>. W<small>ER</small> O<small>LIVEN AUFSPALTET, DAMIT DER SCHARFE</small> S<small>AFT HERAUSFLIESSE, IST FREI; WER</small> O<small>LIVEN AM</small> L<small>EIBE ZERDRÜCKT, IST FREI; WENN ER SIE ABER IN DIE</small> H<small>AND AUSDRÜCKT, SO IST ER ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>. W<small>ER</small> W<small>EIN ABSCHÖPFT UND IN EINE GEKOCHTE</small> S<small>PEISE TUT, IST ZEHNTFREI; WENN IN DEN</small> T<small>OPF, SO IST ER PFLICHTIG, WEIL DIESER ALS KLEINE KUFE GILT</small>.",
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"II. W<small>ENN</small> K<small>INDER</small> [<small>AUF DEM</small> F<small>ELDE</small>] F<small>EIGEN FÜR DEN</small> Š<small>ABBATH VERWAHRT UND ZU VERZEHNTEN VERGESSEN HABEN, SO DARF MAN SIE</small> [<small>SELBST</small>] <small>NACH DEM</small> Š<small>ABBATH NUR VERZEHNTET ESSEN</small>. E<small>IN</small> Š<small>ABBATHFRUCHTKORB MACHT NACH DER</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS NICHT ZEHNTPFLICHTIG UND NACH DER</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS WOHL ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, AUCH AUS EINEM</small> F<small>RUCHTKORBE, DEN MAN GESAMMELT, UM IHN SEINEM</small> N<small>ÄCHSTEN ZU SENDEN, DÜRFE MAN NUR VERZEHNTET ESSEN</small>.",
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"III. W<small>ER</small> O<small>LIVEN AUS DEM</small> B<small>EHÄLTER NIMMT, DARF SIE EINZELN IN</small> S<small>ALZ TUNKEN UND UNVERZEHNTET ESSEN; WENN ER ABER</small> [<small>EINIGE</small>] <small>EINTUNKT UND VOR SICH LEGT, SO IST ER ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>. R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, AUS EINEM REINEN</small> B<small>EHÄLTER SEIEN SIE ZEHNTPFLICHTIG, AUS EINEM UNREINEN, SEIEN SIE ZEHNTFREI, WEIL ER DIE BLEIBENDEN ZURÜCKLEGT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn ein Unreiner sie nimmt; aus einem levit. reinen legt er sie nicht zurück, um die Früchte nicht unrein zu machen.</i>.",
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"IV. M<small>AN DARF VOM</small> W<small>EINE ÜBER DER</small> K<small>ELTER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn man den Oberkörper hinüberbeugt, so daß man nicht außerhalb der Kelter trinkt.</i> <small>ZEHNTFREI TRINKEN, OB MIT HEISSEM ODER KALTEM</small> [W<small>ASSER VERDÜNNT</small>] — <small>SO</small> R. M<small>EÍR</small>; R. E<small>LEA͑ZAR B</small>. R. Ç<small>ADOQ VERPFLICHTET ZU VERZEHNTEN; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, MIT HEISSEM SEI ER ZEHNTPFLICHTIG, MIT KALTEM FREI</small>.",
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"V. W<small>ER</small> G<small>ERSTE SCHÄLT, DARF EINZELN SCHÄLEN UND ESSEN, WENN ER ABER SCHÄLT UND IN DIE</small> H<small>AND LEGT, SO IST ER ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>. W<small>ER</small> W<small>EIZENÄHREN ZERREIBT, DARF VON</small> H<small>AND ZU</small> H<small>AND SIEBEN UND ESSEN; WENN ER ABER SIEBT UND SIE IN DEN</small> S<small>CHOSS LEGT, SO IST ER PFLICHTIG</small>. W<small>ENN MAN</small> K<small>ORIANDER DER</small> S<small>AAT WEGEN SÄET, SO IST DAS</small> K<small>RAUT ZEHNTFREI; SÄET MAN IHN WEGEN DES</small> K<small>RAUTES, SO MUSS DIE</small> S<small>AAT UND DAS</small> K<small>RAUT VERZEHNTET WERDEN</small>. R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, VOM</small> D<small>ILL MÜSSEN DIE</small> S<small>AATKÖRNER UND DAS</small> K<small>RAUT UND DIE</small> S<small>TIELE VERZEHNTET WERDEN; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, NUR VON</small> K<small>RESSE UND</small> R<small>AUKE MÜSSEN DIE</small> S<small>AATKÖRNER UND DAS</small> K<small>RAUT VERZEHNTET WERDEN</small>.",
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"VI. R. Š<small>IMO͑N B</small>. G<small>AMLIÉL SAGT, DIE</small> B<small>LÜTEN DES</small> B<small>OCKSHORNKLEES, DES</small> S<small>ENFES UND DER WEISSEN</small> B<small>OHNEN SIND ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>. R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, VON DER</small> K<small>APER SIND DIE</small> B<small>LÜTEN, DIE</small> K<small>ERNE UND DIE</small> S<small>CHALEN ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>; R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGT, NUR DIE</small> K<small>ERNE SIND ZEHNTPFLICHTIG, WEIL SIE EINE</small> F<small>RUCHT SIND</small>."
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],
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[
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"<b>W</b>ENN <small>MAN</small> S<small>ETZLINGE AUS EINEM</small> [F<small>ELDE</small>] <small>AUSREISST UND SIE IN EIN ANDERES IHM GEHÖRENDES PFLANZT, SO SIND SIE ZEHNTFREI</small>. W<small>AS MAN AM</small> B<small>ODEN HAFTEND KAUFT, IST ZEHNTFREI; WAS MAN SAMMELT, UM ES SEINEM</small> G<small>ENOSSEN ZU SCHICKEN, IST ZEHNTFREI</small>. R. E<small>LEA͑ZAR B</small>. A͑<small>ZARJA SAGT, WENN SOLCHES BEREITS AUF DEM</small> M<small>ARKTE VERKAUFT WIRD, SEI ES ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>.",
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"II. W<small>ENN MAN</small> R<small>ÜBEN ODER</small> R<small>ETTICH AUS SEINEM</small> [F<small>ELDE</small>] <small>AUSREISST UND SIE IN EIN ANDERES IHM GEHÖRENDES ZUR</small> A<small>USSAAT PFLANZT, SO SIND SIE ZEHNTPFLICHTIG, WEIL DIES IHRE</small> T<small>ENNE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dh. die endgültige Zubereitung zum Gebrauch, wie dies in der Tenne erfolgt.</i> <small>IST</small>. Z<small>WIEBELN, DIE AUF EINEM</small> B<small>ODENGESCHOSSE GEWURZELT HABEN, SIND REIN UND NICHT VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG; WENN</small> S<small>CHUTT AUF SIE FÄLLT UND</small> [<small>DIE</small> B<small>LÄTTER</small>] <small>AUFGEDECKT BLEIBEN, SO WERDEN SIE ALS AUF DEM</small> F<small>ELDE GEPFLANZT BETRACHTET</small>.",
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"III. M<small>AN DARF SEINE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE, SOBALD SIE DEN</small> Z<small>USTAND DER</small> V<small>ERZEHNTUNG ERREICHT HABEN, NICHT AN EINEN VERKAUFEN, DER BEZÜGLICH DER</small> V<small>ERZEHNTUNG NICHT GLAUBWÜRDIG IST; DESGLEICHEN KEINE</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRSFRÜCHTE AN EINEN, DER BEZÜGLICH DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES VERDÄCHTIG IST</small>. S<small>IND UNTER DEN</small> F<small>RÜCHTEN FRÜHREIFE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die bereits zehntpflichtig sind.</i> <small>VORHANDEN, SO NEHME MAN DIESE FORT UND VERKAUFE DIE ÜBRIGEN</small>.",
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"IV. M<small>AN DARF SEIN</small> S<small>TROH, SEINE</small> T<small>RABER UND SEINE</small> S<small>CHLAUHEN NICHT AN EINEN VERKAUFEN, DER BEZÜGLICH DER</small> V<small>ERZEHNTUNG UNZUVERLÄSSIG IST, UM DARAUS</small> G<small>ETRÄNKE ZU BEREITEN</small>. H<small>AT MAN DARAUS</small> G<small>ETRÄNKE BEREITET, SO SIND SIE ZEHNTPFLICHTIG UND VON DER</small> H<small>EBE FREI, WEIL MAN BEIM</small> A<small>BHEBEN DER</small> H<small>EBE AUCH AN DIE ABSPRINGENDEN</small> Ä<small>HREN, AN DAS, WAS SICH AN DEN</small> S<small>EITEN BEFINDET, UND AN DAS, WAS IM</small> S<small>TROH ZURÜCKBLEIBT, DENKT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Desgleichen sind auch Stroh und Träber einbegriffen.</i>.",
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68 |
+
"V. W<small>ENN JEMAND IN</small> S<small>YRIEN</small> [<small>VON EINEM</small> N<small>IGHTJUDEN</small>] <small>EIN MIT</small> K<small>RÄUTERN BEBAUTES</small> F<small>ELD KAUFT, BEVOR SIE DEN</small> Z<small>USTAND DER</small> V<small>ERZEHNTUNG ERREICHT HABEN, SO IST ER</small> [<small>ZUM</small> Z<small>EHNTEN</small>] <small>VERPFLICHTET; HABEN SIE BEREITS DEN</small> Z<small>USTAND DER</small> V<small>ERZEHNTUNG ERREICHT, SO IST ER FREI UND DARF IN GEWÖHNLICHER</small> W<small>EISE ERNTEN</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, ER DÜRFE SOGAR</small> A<small>RBEITE MIETEN, DIE IHM BEIM</small> E<small>RNTEN HELFEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dies darf sogar öffentlich geschehen. Manche erklären: er muß Arbeiter mieten und sofort einernten, damit die Früchte nicht zuwachsen.</i>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N B</small>. G<small>AMLIÉL SAGTE</small>: D<small>IES NUR IN DEM</small> F<small>ALLE, WENN ER DEN</small> B<small>ODEN MITGEKAUFT HAT, HAT ER ABER DEN</small> B<small>ODEN NICHT MITGEKAUFT, SO IST ER ZEHNTFREI, AUCH WENN</small> [<small>ER SIE GEKAUFT HAT</small>,] <small>BEVOR SIE DEN</small> Z<small>USTAND DER</small> V<small>ERZEHNTUNG ERREICHT HABEN</small>. R<small>ABBI SAGT, AUCH NACH</small> V<small>ERHÄLTNIS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Man verzehnte das, was nach dem Kaufe zugewachsen ist. Dies nach der ersten Ansicht, wenn man sie gekauft hat, nachdem sie zehntpflichtig waren.</i>.",
|
69 |
+
"VI. W<small>ENN JEMAND</small> L<small>AUERWEIN BEREITET, SO IST ER, WENN ER DAS</small> W<small>AS SER NACH</small> M<small>ASS HINEINGETAN UND DASSELBE</small> M<small>ASS FINDET, ZEHNTFREI, NACH</small> R. J<small>EHUDA ABER ZEHNTPFLICHTIG; FINDET ER ABER MEHR, ALS ER HINEINGETAN HAT, SO VERZEHNTE ER IHN VON ANDEREM</small> W<small>EINE NACH</small> V<small>ERHÄLTNIS</small>.",
|
70 |
+
"VII. W<small>AS SICH ÜBER</small> N<small>ACHT IN DEN</small> A<small>MEISENLÖCHERN NEBEN EINEM ZEHNTPFLICHTIGEN</small> H<small>AUFEN BEFUNDEN HAT, IST ZEHNTPFLICHTIG, DA ES KLAR IST, DASS</small> [<small>DIE</small> A<small>MEISEN</small>] <small>WÄHREND DER</small> N<small>ACHT VON</small> G<small>EBRAUCHSFERTIGEM ZUSAMMENGESCHLEPPT HABEN</small>.",
|
71 |
+
"VIII. D<small>ER TRÄNENREIZENDE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Möglicherweise ist <span dir=\"rtl\">בעל בכי</span> Ortsname, Balbek.</i> K<small>NOBLAUCH, DIE</small> R<small>IKHPAZWIEBELN, KILIKISCHE</small> B<small>OHNENGRÜTZE UND AEGYPTISCHE</small> L<small>INSEN, WIE</small> R. M<small>EÍR SAGT, AUCH DIE</small> C<small>OLOCASIE, WIE</small> R. J<small>OSE SAGT, AUCH</small> K<small>LEINLINSEN, SIND ZEHNTFREI UND DÜRFEN IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE VON JEDERMANN GEKAUFT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Da sie wild wachsen und somit von Freigut herrühren.</i> <small>WERDEN</small>. D<small>IE OBERE</small> S<small>AAT DES</small> L<small>AUCHES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach den Erklärern eine Knoblauchart, die oben u. unten Saatkörner hat.</i>, S<small>CHNITTLAUCHSAAT</small>, Z<small>WIEBELSAAT</small>, R<small>ÜBEN- UND</small> R<small>ETTICHSAAT UND ALLE ANDEREN</small> G<small>ARTENSAATEN, DIE NICHT GEGESSEN WERDEN, SIND ZEHNTFREI UND DÜRFEN IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE VON JEDERMANN GEKAUFT WERDEN</small>. A<small>UCH DÜRFEN SIE GEGESSEN WERDEN, WENN SIE VON</small> H<small>EBE HERRÜHREN</small>."
|
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+
]
|
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],
|
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+
"sectionNames": [
|
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+
"Chapter",
|
76 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
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+
]
|
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+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/English/merged.json
ADDED
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{
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"title": "Mishnah Maasrot",
|
3 |
+
"language": "en",
|
4 |
+
"versionTitle": "merged",
|
5 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Maasrot",
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+
"text": [
|
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+
[
|
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+
"They said a general principle concerning tithes: whatever is food, and is looked after, and grows from the land, is liable for tithes. And they have further stated another general principle [concerning tithes]: whatever is considered food both at the beginning and at the conclusion [of its growth] even though he holds on to it in order to increase the quantity of food, is liable [to tithe] whether [it is harvested] in its earlier or later stages. But whatever is not considered food in the earlier stages [of its growth] but only in its later stages, is not liable [to tithe] until it can be considered food.",
|
9 |
+
"When do fruits become liable for tithes?Figs from the time they begin to ripe. Grapes and wild grapes in the early stages of ripening. Sumac and mulberries after they become red; [similarly] all red fruits, after they become red. Pomegranates, when the insides become soft. Dates when they begin to swell. Peaches when [red] veins begin to show. Walnuts when the nuts are separate from the shell. Rabbi Judah says: walnuts and almonds, after their inner skins have been formed.",
|
10 |
+
"Carobs [are liable to] tithes after they form dark spots; similarly all black fruits after they form dark spots. Pears and crustumenian pears, quinces, and medlars [are liable to tithes] after their surface begins to grow smooth; similarly all white fruits, after their surface begins to grow smooth. Fenugreek [is liable to tithe] when the seeds [can be planted and] will grow. Grain and olives after they are one-third ripe.",
|
11 |
+
"With regard to when vegetables [are liable to tithes]:Cucumbers, gourds, water-melons, cucumber-melons, apples and etrogs are liable [for tithes], whether gathered in the earlier or later stages of ripening. Rabbi Shimon exempts the etrog in the earlier stages. The condition in which bitter almonds are liable [to tithes] is exempt in the case of sweet almonds, and the condition in which sweet almonds are liable [to tithe] is exempt in the case of bitter almonds.",
|
12 |
+
"What is considered a “threshing floor” for tithes [i.e. when does produce become liable for tithes]?Cucumbers and gourds [are liable for tithes] once he removes their fuzz. And if he doesn’t remove it, once he makes a pile. Melons once he removes the fuzz with hot water. And if they he does not remove the fuzz, once he stores them in the muktzeh. Vegetables which are tied in bundles, from the time he ties them up in bundles. If he does not tie them up in bundles, until he fills the vessel with them. And if he does not fill the vessel, after he has gathered all that he wishes to gather. [Produce which is packed in] a basket [is liable for tithes] after he has covered it. If he is not going to cover it, until he fills the vessel with them. And if he does not fill the vessel, after he has gathered all that he wishes to gather. When does this apply? When one brings [the produce] to the market. But when he brings it to his own house, he may make a chance meal of it, until he reaches his house.",
|
13 |
+
"Dried pomegranate seeds, raisins and carobs, [are liable for tithes] after he has made a pile. Onions, once he removes the onion seeds. If he does not remove the onion seeds, after he makes a pile. Grain, once he smoothes out the pile. If he does not smooth the pile, after he makes a pile. Pulse, after he has sifted it. If he does not sift, after he smoothes out a pile. Even after he has smoothed out the pile, he may [without tithing] take from the broken ears, from the sides of the piles, and from that which is mixed in with the chaff, and eat.",
|
14 |
+
"Wine [is liable for tithes] after it has been skimmed [in the lower part of the winepress]. Even though it has been skimmed, he may take from the upper winepress, or from the duct, and drink [without taking out tithe]. Oil [is liable for tithes] after it has gone down into the trough. But even after it has gone down into the trough he may still take oil from the pressing bale, or from the press beam, or from the boards between the press [without tithing,] And he may put such oil on a cake, or large plate. But he should not put the oil in a dish or stewpot, while they are boiling. Rabbi Judah says: he may put it into anything except that which contains vinegar or brine.",
|
15 |
+
"A cake of pressed figs [is liable for tithes] from the moment it has been smoothed out [with fruit juice]. They may smooth them out with [the juice of] untithed figs or grapes. Rabbi Judah forbids this. If one smoothed with grapes, it is not susceptible to uncleanness. Rabbi Judah says it is susceptible. Dried figs [are liable to tithe] after they have been pressed [into a jar]. And [figs] stored in a bin [are liable to tithe] after they have been pressed. If one was pressing [the figs] into a jar, or pressing them in a storage bin, and the jar was broken or the storage bin opened, he may not make a chance meal of them. Rabbi Yose permits this."
|
16 |
+
],
|
17 |
+
[
|
18 |
+
"If one was passing through the street, and said “Take for yourself from my figs,” one may eat them and be exempt from tithes. Therefore if they brought them into their houses, they must separate [tithes and terumah] as if they were certainly untithed. [If he said], “Take and bring it into your houses,” they may not make a chance meal of them. Therefore if they brought them into their houses, they need tithe them only as demai.",
|
19 |
+
"If they were sitting at the gate or a shop, and one said [to them], “Take for yourselves figs,” they may eat and be exempt from tithes, but the owner of the gate, or the owner of the shop, is liable [to give tithe]. Rabbi Judah exempts him unless he turns his face or changes the place where he was sitting [and selling].",
|
20 |
+
"One who brings produce from the Galilee to Judea, or if he goes up to Jerusalem, he may eat of them until he arrives at the place to which he intends to go, and the same is true when he returns. Rabbi Meir says: [he may eat] until he reaches the place where he intends to rest [on Shabbat]. But peddlers who travel from town to town may eat until they reach the place where they intend to stay over night. Rabbi Judah says: the first house [he reaches] is his house.",
|
21 |
+
"Produce from which he separated terumah before its work was finished: Rabbi Eliezer says: it is forbidden to make a chance meal of it, But the sages permit it except when it is a basket of figs. A basket of figs from which one separated terumah: Rabbi Shimon permits it. But the sages forbid it.",
|
22 |
+
"One who says to his friend: “Here is this issar, give me five figs for it”, he may not eat of [them] until he has tithed them, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: if he ate them one by one, he is exempt, but if he gathered them [to eat them] together, he is liable [to tithe.] Rabbi Judah said: it happened in a rose-garden in Jerusalem that there were figs being sold three or four for an issar, and neither terumah nor tithe was ever given from it.",
|
23 |
+
"One who says to his friend: “Here is an issar for ten figs which I choose for myself,” he may choose them and eat [one at a time without tithing]. [If he said] “For a cluster of grapes which I choose for myself,” he may pick grapes from the cluster and eat. [If he said], “For a pomegranate which I choose for myself,” he may take apart [the pomegranate] and eat [it one piece at a time]. [If he said] “For a watermelon, which I choose for myself,” he may slice and eat [it one piece at a time]. But if he said “For these twenty figs,” or “For these two clusters,” or “For these two water-melons,” he may eat them in his usual way and be exempt [from tithe], because he bought them while they were still attached to the ground.",
|
24 |
+
"One who has hired a worker to help him harvest figs, and he [the worker] said to him “On condition that I may eat the figs,” he may eat them and he is exempt [from tithing]. [If he said,] “On condition that I and my son may eat,” or “that my son may eat of them in lieu of my receiving a wage,” he may eat and he is exempt [from tithing], but his son may eat but he is liable [for tithes]. [If he said,] “On condition that I may eat of them during the time of the fig harvest, and after the fig harvest,” during the time of the fig harvest he may eat and he is exempt [from tithing], but if he eats after the fig harvest he is liable, since he does not eat of them in the manner mandated by the Torah. This is the general rule: one who eats in a manner mandated by the Torah is exempt [from tithes], and one who does not eat in the manner mandated by the Torah is liable.",
|
25 |
+
"If a man is working [as a hired worker] among cooking figs, he may not eat of white figs, and if among white figs, he may not eat of cooking figs, but he may restrain himself until he reaches the place where there are the better figs, and then he may eat. If a man exchanges with his friend either [figs] for eating for [figs] for eating, or [figs] to be dried for figs [to be dried], of figs [for eating] for figs [to be dried], then he is liable to give tithes. Rabbi Judah says: one who exchanges [figs] for [other figs for eating] is liable, but [if for figs] for drying he is exempt."
|
26 |
+
],
|
27 |
+
[
|
28 |
+
"One who was taking figs through his courtyard to be dried, his children and the other members of his household may eat [of them] and they are exempt [from tithes]. The workers [who work] with him may eat and be exempt so long as he is not obliged to provide for them. If however, he is obligated to provide for them they may not eat.",
|
29 |
+
"One who brought his workers into the field, when he is not obligated to provide for them, they may eat and be exempt from tithes. If, however, he is obligated to provide for them they may eat of the figs one at a time, but not from the basket, nor from the large basket, nor from the storage yard.",
|
30 |
+
"One who hired a worker to work with olives and he said to him, “On condition that I may eat the olives,” he may eat of them one at a time and be exempt [from tithes]. If, however, he gathered several together he is liable [for tithes]. [If he had been hired] to weed out onions, and he said to him, “On condition that I may eat the vegetables,” he may pluck leaf by leaf, and eat [without tithing]. If, however, he gathered several together, he is liable [for tithes].",
|
31 |
+
"If one found cut figs on the road, or even beside a field [where cut figs] have been spread [to dry], and similarly, if a fig tree overhangs the road, and he found figs beneath it, they are allowed [with regard to the laws] of robbery, and they are exempt from tithe. But if they were olives and carobs, they are liable. If one found dried figs, then if the majority of people had already trodden [their figs], he must tithe [them], but if not he is exempt. If one found slices of fig-cake he is liable [to tithe] since it is obvious they come from something whose processing had been fully completed. With carobs, if they had not yet been on the top of the roof, he may take some down for his animals and be exempt [from tithe] since he returns that which is left over.",
|
32 |
+
"Which courtyard is it which makes [the produce] liable to tithe? Rabbi Ishmael says: the Tyrian yard for the vessels are protected therein. Rabbi Akiva says: any courtyard which one person may open and another may shut is exempt. Rabbi Nehemiah says: any courtyard in which a man is not ashamed to eat is liable. Rabbi Yose says: any courtyard into which a person may enter and no one says to him, “what are you looking for” is exempt. Rabbi Judah says: if there are two courtyards one within the other, the inner one makes liable and the outer one is exempt.",
|
33 |
+
"Roofs do not render [produce] liable, even though they belong to a courtyard which renders it liable. A gate house, portico, or balcony, are like the courtyard [to which it belongs]; if [the courtyard] makes the [produce] liable [for tithes] so do they, and if it does not, they do not.",
|
34 |
+
"Cone-shaped huts, watchtowers, and sheds in the field do not render [produce] liable. A sukkah-hut like those used in Ginnosar, even though it contains millstones and poultry, does not render [produce] liable. As for the potter’s sukkah-hut, the inner part renders [produce] liable and the outer part does not. Rabbi Yose says: anything which is not both a sunny season and rainy season dwelling does not render [produce] liable [to tithes]. A sukkah used on the Festival [of Sukkot]: Rabbi Judah says: this renders [produce] liable [for tithes] But the sages exempt.",
|
35 |
+
"A fig tree which stands in a courtyard: one may eat the figs from it one at a time and be exempt [from tithes], but if he gathered some together he is liable. Rabbi Shimon says: if he has [one in his right hand and one in his left hand and one in his mouth, he is exempt. If he ascended to the top [of it], he may fill his bosom and eat.",
|
36 |
+
"A vine which was planted in a courtyard: one may take a whole cluster [and eat it without tithing]. Similarly with a pomegranate, or a melon, the words of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: he can pick single berries from the cluster, or split the pomegranate into slices, or cut slices of melon [and eat without tithing]. Coriander which was sown in a courtyard: one may pluck leaf by leaf and eat [without tithing], but if he ate them together he is liable [for tithes]. Savory and hyssop, and thyme which are in the courtyard, if they are kept watch over, they are liable for tithe.",
|
37 |
+
"A fig tree which stands in a courtyard, and hangs over into a garden: one may eat in his customary fashion and be exempt [from tithes]. If it stands in the garden and hangs over into the courtyard, one may eat [the figs] one at a time and be exempt, but if he gathers them together, he is liable [for tithes]. If it stands in the land [of Israel] and hangs over [into the territory] outside the land, or if it stands outside the land, and hangs over into the land, [in all these cases the law is] decided according to the position of the root. And as regards houses in walled cities, everything is decided according to the position of the root. But as regards cities of refuge, everything is decided [also] according to the location of the branches. And in what concerns Jerusalem, everything is decided by the location of the branches."
|
38 |
+
],
|
39 |
+
[
|
40 |
+
"If he pickled, stewed, or salted [produce], he is liable [to give tithes]. If he stored [produce] in the ground [in order to warm it up] he is exempt. If he dipped it [while yet] in the field, he is exempt. If he split olives so that the bitter taste may come out of them, he is exempt. If he squeezed olives against his skin, he is exempt. If he squeezed them and put [the oil] into his hand, he is liable. One who makes a viscous liquid [from grapes or olives] in order to put it in a dish is exempt. But if to put it in an [empty] pot, he is liable for it is like a small vat.",
|
41 |
+
"Children who have hidden figs [in the field] for Shabbat and they forgot to tithe them, they must not be eaten after Shabbat until they have been tithed. In the case of a basket of fruits for Shabbat: Bet Shammai exempt it from tithes; But Bet Hillel makes it liable. Rabbi Judah says: even one who has gathered a basket of fruit to send as a present to his friend, must not eat of them, until they have been tithed.",
|
42 |
+
"One who took olives from a vat may dip them one at a time in salt, and eat them. But if he salted them, and put them in front of him, he is liable [for tithes]. Rabbi Eliezer said: from a pure vat he is liable but from an impure [vat] he is exempt because can put back the leftovers.",
|
43 |
+
"One may drink [wine] out of the winepress, whether [it is mixed] with hot or cold water, and be exempt [from tithes], the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Eliezer bar Zadok says he is liable. But the sages say: with hot water he is liable [to tithe] but with cold water, he is exempt.",
|
44 |
+
"One who husks barley may husk one at a time and eat [without tithing], but if he husked and put them into his hand, he is liable [to tithe]. One who rubs [ears of] wheat may blow out [the chaff of the wheat] from hand to hand and eat, but if he blows and puts the grain in his lap he is liable. Coriander which was sown for the sake of the seed, the plant is exempt [from tithes]. If he sowed it for the sake of the plant then both the seed and the plant must be tithed. Rabbi Eliezer said: as for dill, tithe must be given from the seed and the plant, and the pods. But the sages say: only in the case of cress and eruca are both the seeds and plant tithed.",
|
45 |
+
"Rabban Gamaliel says: shoots of fenugreek, of mustard, and of white beans are liable [to tithe]. Rabbi Eliezer says: as for the caper bush, tithes must be given from the shoots, the berries and the blossoms. Rabbi Akiba says: only the berries are tithed since they [alone] count as fruit."
|
46 |
+
],
|
47 |
+
[
|
48 |
+
"One who uproots saplings from of his own [property] and plants them [elsewhere] within his own [property] is exempt [from tithes]. If he bought [saplings] attached to the ground, he is exempt. If he gathered them in order to send them to his fellow, he is exempt. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah said: if similar ones were being sold in the market, behold they are liable [for tithes].",
|
49 |
+
"One who uproots turnips and radishes from within his own [property] and plants [them elsewhere] within his own [property] for the purpose of seed, he is liable to tithe, since this is [equivalent to] their threshing floor. If onions take root in an upper story they become clean from any impurity. If some debris fell upon them and they are uncovered, they are regarded as though they were planted in the field.",
|
50 |
+
"One may not sell produce after the season for tithing has arrived to one who is not trusted concerning tithes. Nor in the sabbatical year [may one sell sabbatical year produce] to one suspected of [transgressing] the sabbatical year. If only [some] produce ripened, he takes the ripe ones and may sell the remainder.",
|
51 |
+
"One may not sell his straw, nor his olive peat, or his grape pulp to one who is not to be trusted in [with respect to] tithes, for him to extract the juice from them. If he did extract the juice he is liable for tithes, but is exempt from terumah, because when one separates terumah he has in mind the fragments which [is] by the sides, and that which is inside the straw.",
|
52 |
+
"One who buys a field of vegetables in Syria: If before the season for tithing arrived, then he is liable to tithe. If after the season for tithing he is exempt, and he may go on gathering in his usual manner. Rabbi Judah says: he may even hire workers and gather. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: When does this apply? If he has bought the land. But if, he has not bought the land, even before the season for tithing arrived he is exempt. Rabbi [Judah Hanasi] says: he must also tithe according to calculation.",
|
53 |
+
"One who makes grape-skin wine, and he put water on by measure, and he finds [afterwards] the same quantity, he is exempt from tithe. Rabbi Judah makes him liable. If he found more than the measure, he must give [tithe] for it from another place, in proportion.",
|
54 |
+
"Anthills which have remained the whole night near a pile of grain which was liable to tithe, [the grain found in them] is liable, since it is obvious that they [the ants] have been dragging away the whole night from something [of which the work] had been completed.",
|
55 |
+
"Garlic from Balbeck, onions from Rikpa, Cicilician beans and Egyptians lentils, and Rabbi Meir says qirqas, and Rabbi Yose says qotnym are exempt from tithes and may be brought from any man in the seventh year. The seeds of upper arum pods, the seeds of leeks, the seeds of onions, the seeds of turnips and radishes, and other seeds of garden produce which are not eaten, are exempt from tithes, and may be bought from any man in the seventh year; and even though the plants from they grew were terumah, they may still be eaten [by non-priests]."
|
56 |
+
]
|
57 |
+
],
|
58 |
+
"versions": [
|
59 |
+
[
|
60 |
+
"Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
|
61 |
+
"http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/"
|
62 |
+
]
|
63 |
+
],
|
64 |
+
"heTitle": "משנה מעשרות",
|
65 |
+
"categories": [
|
66 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
67 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
68 |
+
],
|
69 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
70 |
+
"Chapter",
|
71 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
72 |
+
]
|
73 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
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{
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"language": "he",
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"title": "Mishnah Maasrot",
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"versionSource": "https://archive.org/details/MishnaCorrectedKaufman00WHOLE",
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"versionTitle": "Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri",
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"status": "locked",
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"license": "PD",
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"digitizedBySefaria": true,
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"actualLanguage": "he",
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"languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
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"isSource": true,
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"isPrimary": true,
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"direction": "rtl",
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"heTitle": "משנה מעשרות",
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"categories": [
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"Mishnah",
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"Seder Zeraim"
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],
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"text": [
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[
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"<small>א</small>\nכְּלָל אָמְרוּ בַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת: \nכָּל שֶׁהוּא אֹכֶל, וְנִשְׁמָר, וְגִדּוּלָיו מִן הָאָרֶץ, \nחַיָּב בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. \nוְעוֹד כְּלָל אַחֵר אָמָרוּ: \nכָּל שֶׁתְּחִלָּתוֹ אֹכֶל וְסוֹפוֹ אֹכֶל, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁשִּׁמְּרוֹ לְהוֹסִיף אֹכֶל, \nחַיָּב קָטוֹן וְגָדוֹל. \nוְכָל שֶׁאֵין תְּחִלָּתוֹ אֹכֶל, \nאֲבָל סוֹפוֹ אֹכֶל, \nאֵינוּ חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיֵּעָשֶׂה אֹכֶל. <שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה>\n",
|
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"<small>ב</small>\nמֵאֶמָּתַי הַפֵּרוֹת חַיָּבִין בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת? \nהַתְּאֵנִים, מִשֶּׁבְִּחֵלוּ, \nוְהָעֲנָבִין וְהָאֳבָשִׁין, מִשֶּׁהִבְאִישׁוּ, \nהָאוֹג וְהַתּוּתִים, מִשֶּׁיַּאֲדִימוּ, \nוְכָל הָאֲדֻמִּים, מִשֶּׁיַּאֲדִימוּ. \nהָרִמּוֹנִים, מִשֶּׁיִּמַּסּוּ, \nהַתְּמָרִים, מִשֶּׁיָּטִילוּ שְׂאוֹר, \nהַפַּרְסְקִין, מִשֶּׁיָּטִילוּ גִידִים, \nוְהָאֱגוֹזִים, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשׁוּ מְגוֹרָה. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nהָאֱגוֹזִים וְהַשְּׁקֵדִים מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשׁוּ קְלִפָּה. \n",
|
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"<small>ג</small>\nהֶחָרוּבִים, מִשֶּׁיִּנָּקֵדוּ, <מִשֶּׁיְּנַָקֵּדוּ>\nוְכָל הַשְּׁחוֹרִים מִשֶּׁיִּנָּקְדוּ. <מִשֶּׁיְּנַָקֵּדוּ> \nהָאֲגָסִים וְהַקְּרָסְטָמִילִים וְהַפָּרִישִׁים וְהָחֶזְרִָרִים, \nמִשֶּׁיִּקָּרֵחוּ, <מִשֶּׁיְּקָרֵחוּ>\nוְכָל הַלְּבָנִים מִשֶּׁיִּקָּרֵחוּ, <מִשֶּׁיְּקָרֵחוּ> \nהַתַּלְתָּן כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּצְמַח, \nהַתְּבוּאָה וְהַזֵּיתִים, מִשֶּׁיַּכְנִיסוּ שָׁלִישׁ. \n",
|
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"<small>ד</small>\nוּבַיָּרָק: \nהַקִּשּׁוּאִים, \nוְהַדִּלּוּעִים, \nוְהָאֲבַטִּיחִים, \nוְהַמַּלְפְּפוֹנוֹת. \nהַתַּפּוּחִים וְהָאֶתְרוֹגִים, <וְהָאֶתְרוֹגִּים>\nחַיָּבִים גְּדוֹלִים וּקְטַנִּים. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר אֶת הָאֶתְרוֹגִים בְּקָטְנָן. <הָאֶתְרוֹגִּים> \nהַחַיָּב בַּשְּׁקֵדִים הַמָּרִים, פָּטוּר מִן הַמְּתוּקִים, \nוְהַחַיָּב בַּמְּתוּקִים, פָּטוּר מִן הַמָּרִים. \n",
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"<small>ה</small>\nוְאֵי זֶה הוּא גָרְנָן לַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת? \nהַקִּשּׁוּאִים וְהַדִּלּוּעִים, מִשֶּׁיְּפַקֵּס; \nוְאִם אֵינוּ מְפַקֵּס, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. \nאֲבַטִּיח, מִיִּשָּׁלֵק; \nאִם אֵינוּ מְשַׁלֵּק, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה מֻקְצֶה. \nיָרָק הַנֶּאֱגָד, מִשֶּׁיּוּגַד; \nוְאִם אֵינוּ אוֹגֵד, עַד שֶׁיְּמַלֵּא אֶת הַכֶּלִי; \nוְאִם אֵינוּ מְמַלֵּא אֶת הַכֶּלִי, \nעַד שֶׁיִּלְקֹט כָּל צָרְכוֹ. \nכַּלְכַּלָּה, עַד שֶׁיְּחַפֶּה; \nוְאִם אֵינוּ מְחַפֶּה, עַד שֶׁיְּמַלֵּא אֶת הַכֶּלִי; \nוְאִם אֵינוּ מְמַלֵּא אֶת הַכֶּלִי, \nעַד שֶׁיִּלְקֹט כָּל צָרְכוֹ. \nבַּמֵּי דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? \nבְּמוֹלִיךְ לַשּׁוּק. \nאֲבָל בְּמוֹלִיךְ לְבֵיתוֹ, \nאוֹכֵל מֵהֶם עֲרַי עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לְבֵיתוֹ. \n",
|
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"<small>ו</small>\nהַפְּרָד וְהַצִּמּוּקִים וְהֶחָרוּבִים, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. \nהַבְּצָלִים, מִשֶּׁיּ��פַקֵּל; \nוְאִם אֵינוּ מְפַקֵּל, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. \nתְּבוּאָה, מִשֶּׁיְּמָרֵחַ; \nאִם אֵינוּ מְמָרֵחַ, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. \nהַקִּטְנִיּוֹת, מִשֶּׁיִּכְבֹּר; \nוְאִם אֵינוּ כוֹבֵר, עַד שֶׁיְּמָרַח. \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמָּרַח, <שמירח>\nנוֹטֵל מִן הַקּוֹטְעִים, וּמִן הַצְּדָדִים, \nוּמִמַּה שֶּׁבְּתוֹךְ הַתֶּבֶן, \nוְאוֹכֵל. \n",
|
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"<small>ז</small>\nהַיַּיִן, מִשֶּׁיְּקַפֶּה. \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקִּפָּה, \nקוֹלֵט מִן הַגַּת הָעֶלְיוֹנָה מִן הַצִּנּוֹר, וְשׁוֹתֶה. \nהַשֶּׁמֶן, מִשֶּׁיֵּרֵד לָעוּקָה. \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיָּרַד, \nנוֹטֵל מִן הָעֵקֶל וּמִן הַמָּמֵל וּמִבֵּין הַפַּצִּים, \nוְנוֹתֵן לַחֲמִיטָה וְלַתַּמְחוּי, \nאֲבָל לֹא יִתֵּן לִקְדֵרָה וּלְלַפָּס כְּשֶׁהֵן מַרְתִיחִין. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nלַכֹּל הוּא נוֹתֵן, \nחוּץ מִדָּבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ חֹמֶץ וְצֵיר. \n",
|
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"<small>ח</small>\nהָעִגּוּל, \nמִשֶּׁיַּחֲלִיקֶנּוּ. \nמַחֲלִיקִים בַּתְּאֵנִים וּבָעֲנָבִים שֶׁלַּטֶּבֶל; \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר. \nהַמַּחֲלִיק בָּעֲנָבִים, \nלֹא הָכְשַׁר; \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nהָכְשַׁר. \nגְּרוֹגְרוֹת, מִשֶּׁיָּדוֹשׁ; \nוּמְגוּרָה, מִשֶּׁיְּעַגֵּל. \nהָיָה דָשׁ בֶּחָבִית וּמְעַגֵּל בַּמְּגוּרָה, \nנִשְׁבְּרָה הֶחָבִית וְנִפְחֲתָה הַמְּגוּרָה, \nלֹא יֹאכַל מֵהֶן עֲרַי. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה מַתִּיר. \n\n\n \n"
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],
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[
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"<small>א</small>\nהָיָה עוֹבֵר בַּשּׁוּק, וְאָמַר: \nטְלוּ לָכֶם תְּאֵנִים! \nאוֹכְלִים וּפְטוּרִים. \nלְפִיכָךְ, אִם הִכְנִיסוּ לְבָתֵּיהֶן, מְתַקְּנִים וַדַּי. \nטְלוּ וְהַכְנִיסוּ לְבָתֵּיכֶם! \nלֹא יֹאכְלוּ מֵהֶם עֲרַי. \nלְפִיכָךְ, אִם הִכְנִיסוּ לְבָתֵּיהֶם, \nאֵינָן מְתַקְּנִים אֶלָּא דְמַי. \n",
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"<small>ב</small>\nהָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִים בַּשַּׁעַר אוֹ בֶחָנוּת, וְאָמַר: \nטְלוּ לָכֶם תְּאֵנִים! \nאוֹכְלִין פְּטוּרִין, \nוּבַעַל הַשַּׁעַר וּבַעַל הֶחָנוּת חַיָּבִין. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹטֵר עַד שֶׁיַּחְזִיר אֶת פָּנָיו, \nאוֹ עַד שֶׁיְּשַׁנֶּה מְקוֹם יְשִׁיבָתוֹ. \n",
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"<small>ג</small>\nהַמַּעֲלֶה פֵרוֹת מִן הַגָּלִיל לִיהוּדָה, \nאוֹ עוֹלֶה לִירוּשָׁלַיִם, \nאוֹכֵל מֵהֶם עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לִמְקוֹם שֶׁהוּא הוֹלֵךְ, \nוְכֵן בַּחֲזָרָה. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nעַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לִמְקוֹם הַשְּׁבִיתָה. \nהָרוֹכְלִים הַמְחַזְּרִין בָּעֲיָרוֹת, \nאוֹכְלִים עַד שֶׁהֵן מַגִּיעִים לִמְקוֹם הַלִּינָה. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nהַבַּיִת הָרִאשׁוֹן הוּא בֵיתוֹ. \n",
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"<small>ד</small>\nפֵּרוֹת שֶׁתְּרָמָן עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר מִלֹּאכַל מֵהֶן עֲרַי; \nוַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין, חוּץ מִכַּלְכַּלַּת תְּאֵנִים. \nכַּלְכַּלַּת תְּאֵנִים שֶׁתְּרָמָהּ, \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר, \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. \n",
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"<small>ה</small>\nהָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ: \nהֵילָךְ אִסָּר זֶה, וְתֶן לִי בוֹ חָמֵשׁ תְּאֵנִים, \nלֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאוֹכֵל אַחַת אַחַת, פָּטוּר, \nוְאִם צֵרֵף, חַיָּב. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוּדָה: \nמַעֲשֶׂה בְגִנַּת וְרָדִים שֶׁהָיְתָה בִירוּשָׁלַיִם, \nוְהָיוּ תְאֵנִים נִמְכָּרוֹת מִשָּׁלשׁ וּמֵאַרְבַּע בָּאִסָּר, \nוְלֹא הֻפְרַשׁ מִמֶּנָּה תְרוּמָה וּמַעֲשֵׂר מֵעוֹלָם. \n",
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"<small>ו</small>\nהָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ: \nהֵילָךְ אִסָּר זֶה בְּעֶשֶׂר תְּאֵנִים שֶׁאָבֹר לִי, <בְּעֶשְׂרִים>\nבּוֹרֵר וְאוֹכֵל; \nבָּאֶשְׁכּוֹל שֶׁאָבֹר לִי, \nמְגַרְגֵּר וְאוֹכֵל; \nבָּרִמּוֹן שֶׁאָבֹר לִי, \nפּוֹרֵט וְאוֹכֵל; \nבַּאֲבַטִּיחַ שֶׁאָבֹר לִי, \nסוֹפֵף וְאוֹכֵל. \nאֲבָל אִם אָמַר לוֹ: \nבְּעֶשְׂרִים תְּאֵנִים אֵלּוּ, \nבִּשְׁנֵי אֶשְׁכֹּלוֹת אֵלּוּ, \nבִּשְׁנֵי רִמּוֹנִים אֵלּוּ, \nבִּשְׁנֵי אֲבַטִּיחִים אֵלּוּ, \nאוֹכֵל כְּדַרְכּוֹ, וּפָטוּר, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁקָּנָה בִמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ז</small>\nהַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַפּוֹעֵל לְקַצּוֹת עִמּוֹ בַתְּאֵנִים, \nאָמַר לוֹ: \nעַל מְנָת שֶׁאֹכַל תְּאֵנִים, \nאוֹכֵל, פָּטוּר, אִם צֵרֵף, חַיָּב. \nעַל מְנָת שֶׁאֹכַל אֲנִי וּבְנִי, \nאוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל בְּנִי בִשְׂכָרִי, \nהוּא אוֹכֵל פָּטוּר, וּבְנוֹ אוֹכֵל חַיָּב. \nעַל מְנָת שֶׁאכַל בְּשָׁעַת הַקְּצִיעָה וּלְאַחַר הַקְּצִיעָה, \nבְּשָׁעַת הַקְּצִיעָה, אוֹכֵל פָּטוּר, \nלְאַחַר הַקְּצִיעָה, אוֹכֵל חַיָּב, \nשֶׁאֵינוּ אוֹכֵל מִן הַתּוֹרָה. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nאוֹכֵל מִן הַתּוֹרָה, פָּטוּר, \nוְשֶׁאֵינוּ אוֹכֵל מִן הַתּוֹרָה, חַיָּב. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ח</small>\nהָיָה עוֹשֶׂה בְלַבְסִים,\nלֹא יֹאכַל בִּבְנוֹת שֶׁבַע; \nבִּבְנוֹת שֶׁבַע, \nלֹא יֹאכַל בְּלַבְסִים. \nאֲבָל מוֹנֵעַ הוּא אֶת עַצְמוֹ \nעַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לִמְקוֹם הַיָּפוֹת וְאוֹכֵל. \nהַמַּחֲלִיף עִם חֲבֵרוֹ, \nזֶה לֹאכַל וְזֶה לֹאכַל, \nזֶה לְקַצּוֹת וְזֶה לְקַצּוֹת, חַיָּב. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nהַמַּחֲלִיף לֹאכַל, חַיָּב, \nוּלְקַצּוֹת, פָּטוּר. \n\n\n "
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<small>א</small>\nהַמַּעֲבִיר תְּאֵנִים בַּחֲצֵרוֹ לְקַצּוֹת, \nבָּנָיו וּבְנֵי בֵיתוֹ אוֹכְלִים פְּטוּרִין. \nהַפּוֹעֲלִים שֶׁעִמּוֹ, \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם מְזוֹנוֹת עָלָיו, \n[אוֹכְלִין וּפְטוּרִין]; \nאֲבָל אִם יֵשׁ לָהֶן עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לֹא יֹאכֵלוּ. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ב</small>\nהַמּוֹצִיא פּוֹעֲלָיו לַשָּׂדֶה, \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת, <שֶׁיֵּשׁ, כתוב על ידי מגיה על מקום מחוק>\nאוֹכְלִין פְּטוּרִין. \nאִם יֵשׁ לָהֶם עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת, <אֵין, כתוב על ידי מגיה על מקום מחוק>\nאוֹכְלִים אַחַת אַחַת מִן הַתְּאֵנָה, \nאֲבָל לֹא מִן הַסַּל, וְלֹא מִן הַקֻּפָּה, וְלֹא מִן הַמֻּקְצֶה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ג</small>\nהַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַפּוֹעֵל לַעֲשׁוֹת בַּזֵּיתִים, \nאָמַר לוֹ: \nעַל מְנָת לֹאכַל זֵיתִים, \nאוֹכֵל אֶחָד אֶחָד, פָּטוּר, \nוְאִם צֵרֵף, חַיָּב. \nלְנַכֵּשׁ בַּבְּצָלִים, \nאָמַר לוֹ: \nעַל מְנָת לֹאכַל יָרָק, \nמְקַרְטֵם עָלֶה עָלֶה וְאוֹכֵל, \nוְאִם צֵרֵף, חַיָּב. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ד</small>\nמָצָא קְצִיצוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ, \nאֲפִלּוּ בְצַד שְׂדֵה קְצִיצוֹת, < שָׂדֵה>\nוְכֵן תְּאֵנָה שֶׁהִיא נוֹטָה עַל דֶּרֶךְ, \nוּמָצָא תַחְתֶּיהָ תְאֵנִים, \nמֻתָּרוֹת מִשֵּׁם גָּזֵל, \nוּפְטוּרוֹת מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת; \nהַזֵּיתִים וְהֶחָרוּבִים חַיָּבִים. \nמָצָא גְרוֹגְרוֹת, \nאִם דָּרְסוּ רֹב אָדָם, חַיָּב; \nוְאִם לָאו, פָּטוּר. \nמָצָא פִלְחֵי דְבֵלָה, חַיָּב, \nשֶׁיָּד��ּעַ שֶׁמִּדָּבָר גָּמוּר. \nוְהֶחָרוּבִין, \nעַד שֶׁלֹּא כִנְּסָן לְרֹאשׁ הַגַּג, \nמוֹרִיד מֵהֶן לַבְּהֵמָה, פָּטוּר, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַחְזִיר אֶת הַמּוֹתָר. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ה</small>\nאֵי זֶה חָצֵר שֶׁהִיא חַיֶּבֶת בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת? \nרְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: \nחָצֵר הַצּוֹרִית, שֶׁהַכֵּלִים נִשְׁמָרִים בְּתוֹכָהּ. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל שֶׁאֶחָד פּוֹתֵחַ וְאֶחָד נוֹעֵל, פְּטוּרָה. \nרְבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל שֶׁאֵין אָדָם בּוֹשׁ מִלֹּאכַל בְּתוֹכָהּ, חַיֶּבֶת. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל שֶׁנִּכְנָס לָהּ וְאֵין אוֹמְרִין לוֹ: \nמָה אַתָּה מְבַקֵּשׁ? \nפְּטוּרָה. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nשְׁתֵּי חֲצֵרוֹת זוֹ לִפְנִים מִזּוֹ, \nהַפְּנִימִית חַיֶּבֶת, וְהַחִיצוֹנָה פְטוּרָה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ו</small>\nהַגַּגּוֹת פְּטוּרִין, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן שֶׁלֶּחָצֵר הַחַיֶּבֶת. \nבֵּית שַׁעַר, אַכְסַדְרָה, וּמַרְפֶּסֶת, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כֶחָצֵר: \nאִם חַיֶּבֶת, חַיָּבִין; \nוְאִם פְּטוּרָה, פְּטוּרִין. \n",
|
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"<small>ז</small>\nהַצְּרִיפִין וְהַבֻּרְגָּנִין וְהָאַלְקְטָיוֹת, פְּטוּרִים. \nסֻכַּת גְּנֵיסָר, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ רֵחַיִם וְתַּרְנָגְלִין, פְּטוּרָה. \nסֻכַּת הַיּוֹצְרִין, \nהַפְּנִימִית חַיֶּבֶת, וְהַחִיצוֹנָה פְטוּרָה. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל שֶׁאֵינָה דִּירַת הַחַמָּה וְדִירַת הַגְּשָׁמִים, \nפְּטוּרָה. \nסֻכַּת הֶחָג בֶּחָג, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מְחַיֵּב, \nוַחֲכָמִים פּוֹטְרִין. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ח</small>\nתְּאֵנָה שֶׁהִיא עוֹמֶדֶת בֶּחָצֵר, \nאוֹכֵל אַחַת אַחַת, פָּטוּר, \nוְאִם צֵרֵף, חַיָּב. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nאַחַת בִּימִינוֹ, וְאַחַת בִּשְׂמאלוֹ, וְאַחַת בְּפִיו. \nעָלָה לְרֹאשָׁהּ, \nמְמַלֵּא אֶת חֵיקוֹ וְאוֹכֵל. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ט</small>\nגֶּפֶן שֶׁהִיא נְטוּעָה בֶחָצֵר, \nנוֹטֵל אֶת כָּל הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל; \nוְכֵן בָּרִמּוֹן, וְכֵן בָּאֲבַטִּיחַ. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי טַרְפוֹן. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nמְגַרְגֵּר בָּאֶשְׁכּוֹל, וּפוֹרֵט בָּרִמּוֹן, וְסוֹפֵף בָּאֲבַטִּיחַ. \nכִּסְבָּר שֶׁהִיא זְרוּעָה בֶחָצֵר, \nמְקַרְטֵס עָלֶה עָלֶה וְאוֹכֵל, \nוְאִם צֵרֵף, חַיָּב. \nהַסֵּיאָה וְהָאֵזוֹב וְהַקָּרְנִית שֶׁבֶּחָצֵר, \nאִם הָיוּ נִשְׁמָרִים, חַיָּבִין. \n",
|
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+
"<small>י</small>\nתְּאֵנָה שֶׁהִיא עוֹמֶדֶת בֶּחָצֵר וְנוֹטָה לַגַּנָּה, \nאוֹכֵל כְּדַרְכּוֹ, פָּטוּר. \nעוֹמֶדֶת בַּגַּנָּה וְנוֹטָה לֶחָצֵר, \nאוֹכֵל אַחַת אַחַת פָּטוּר, \nוְאִם צֵרֵף, חַיָּב. \nעוֹמֶדֶת בָּאָרֶץ וְנוֹטָה לַחוּץ לָאָרֶץ, \nבַּחוּץ לָאָרֶץ וְנוֹטָה לָאָרֶץ, \nהַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הָעִקָּר. \nוּבְבָתֵּי עָרֵי חוֹמָה, \nהַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הָעִקָּר. \nוּבְעָרֵי מִקְלָט, \nהַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הַנּוֹף. \nוּבִירוּשָׁלַיִם, \nהַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הַנּוֹף. \n\n\n\n"
|
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],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<small>א</small>\nהַכּוֹבֵשׁ, הַשּׁוֹלֵק, הַמּוֹלֵחַ בַּשָּׂדֶה, חַיָּב. \nהַמַּכְמִיר בָּאֲדָמָה, פָּטוּר. \nהַמְטַבֵּל בַּשָּׂדֶה, פָּטוּר. \nהַפּוֹצֵעַ זֵיתִים שֶׁיֵּצֵא הַשֶּׁרֶף, פָּטוּר. \nהַסּוֹחֵט זֵיתִים עַל בְּשָׂרוֹ, פָּטוּר. \nאִם סָחַט וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ, חַיָּב. \nהַמְקַפֵּה לְתַבְשִׁיל, פָּטוּר; \n��ְלִקְדֵרָה, חַיָּב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְּבוֹר קָטָן. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ב</small>\nתִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁטָּמְנוּ תְאֵנִים בַּשַּׁבָּת, \nוְשָׁכְחוּ לְעַשְּׂרָן, \nלֹא יֹאכְלוּ לְמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת עַד שֶׁיִּתְעַשֵּׂרוּ. \nכַּלְכַּלַּת שַׁבָּת, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי פּוֹטְרִין, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הַלּוֹקֵט אֶת הַכַּלְכַּלָּה לְשַׁלַּח לַחֲבֵרוֹ, \nלֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ג</small>\nהַנּוֹטֵל זֵיתִים מִן הַמַּעְטֵן, \nטוֹבֵל אֶחָד אֶחָד בַּמֶּלַח וְאוֹכֵל; \nוְאִם מָלַח וְנָתַן לְפָנָיו, חַיָּב. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nמִן הַמַּעְטֵן הַטָּהוֹר, חַיָּב, \nמִן הַטָּמֵא, פָּטוּר, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַחְזִיר אֶת הַמּוֹתָר. \n",
|
56 |
+
"<small>ד</small>\nשׁוֹתִים עַל הַגַּת, \nבֵּין עַל הַחַמִּין בֵּין עַל הַצּוֹנִין, פָּטוּר. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בִּרְבִּי צָדוֹק מְחַיֵּב. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nעַל הַחַמִּים חַיָּב, \nוְעַל הַצּוֹנִין פָּטוּר. \n",
|
57 |
+
"<small>ה</small>\nהַמְקַלֵּף בִּשְׂעוֹרִים, \nמְקַלֵּף אַחַת אַחַת וְאוֹכֵל. \nוְאִם קִלֵּף וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ, חַיָּב. \nהַמּוֹלֵל מְלִילוֹת שֶׁלַּחִטִּים, \nמְנַפֶּה מִיָּד לְיָד, וְאוֹכֵל. \nוְאִם נָפָה וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ חֵיקוֹ, חַיָּב. \nכִּסְבָּר שֶׁזְּרָעָהּ לְזֶרַע, \nיְרָקָהּ פָּטוּר. \nזְרָעָהּ לְיָרָק, \nמִתְעַשֶּׂרֶת זֶרַע וְיָרָק. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nהַשָּׁבָת מִתְעַשֶּׂרֶת זֶרַע וְיָרָק וְזֵירִים. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינוּ מִתְעַשֵּׂר זֶרַע וְיָרָק, \nאֶלָּא הַשַּׁחֲלִים וְהַגַּרְגֵּר בִּלְבַד. \n",
|
58 |
+
"<small>ו</small>\nרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nהַתַּמָּרוֹת שֶׁלַּתַּלְתָּן וְשֶׁלַּחַרְדָּל וְשֶׁלְּפוּל לָבָן, \nחַיָּבוֹת בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nהַצֶּלֶף מִתְעַשֵּׂר וְתַמָּרוֹת וַאֲבִיּוֹנוֹת וְקַפְרֵס. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵינוּ מִתְעַשֵּׂר אֶלָּא אֲבִיּוֹנוֹת, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן פֶּרִי. \n\n\n"
|
59 |
+
],
|
60 |
+
[
|
61 |
+
"<small>א</small>\nהָעוֹקֵר שְׁתָלִים מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ, \nוְנוֹטֵעַ לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ, פָּטוּר. \nלָקַח בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע, פָּטוּר. \nלָקַט לְשַׁלַּח לַחֲבֵרוֹ, פָּטוּר. \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר: \nאִם יֵשׁ כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן נִמְכָּרִים בַּשּׁוּק, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִים. \n",
|
62 |
+
"<small>ב</small>\nהָעוֹקֵר לֶפֶת וּצְנוֹנוֹת מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ, \nוְנוֹטֵעַ לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ לְזֶרַע, חַיָּב, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא גָּרְנָן. \nבְּצָלִים שֶׁהִשְׁרִישׁוּ בָעֲלִיָּה, טָהֲרוּ מִלְּטַמֵּא. \nנָפְלָה עֲלֵיהֶם מַפֹּלֶת, וְהֵן מְגֻלִּים, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִנְטוּעִים בַּשָּׂדֶה. \n",
|
63 |
+
"<small>ג</small>\nלֹא יִמְכֹּר אֶת פֵּרוֹתָיו מִשֶּׁבָּאוּ לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, \nלְמִי שֶׁאֵינוּ נֶאֱמָן עַל הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, \nוְלֹא בַשְּׁבִיעִית לְמִי שֶׁהוּא חָשׁוּד עַל הַשְּׁבִיעִית. \nוְאִם בִּכֵּרוּ, \nנוֹטֵל אֶת הַבַּכּוֹרוֹת וּמוֹכֵר אֶת הַשְּׁאָר. \n",
|
64 |
+
"<small>ד</small>\nלֹא יִמְכֹּר אָדָם אֶת תַּבְנוֹ וְאֶת גַּפְתּוֹ וְאֶת זוּגָיו, \nלְמִי שֶׁאֵינוּ נֶאֱמָן עַל הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, \nלְהוֹצִיא מֵהֶן מַשְׁקִין. \nוְאִם הוֹצִיא, \nחַ��ָּב בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וּפָטוּר מִן הַתְּרוּמָה, \nשֶׁהַתּוֹרֵם, \nבְּלִבּוֹ עַל הַקֻּטָּעִים וְעַל הַצְּדָדִין, \nוְעַל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹךְ הַתֶּבֶן. \n",
|
65 |
+
"<small>ה</small>\nהַלּוֹקֵחַ שְׂדֵה יָרָק בְּסוּרְיָה, \nעַד שֶׁלֹּא בָאוּ לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, חַיָּב, \nמִשֶּׁבָּאוּ לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, פָּטוּר; \nוְלוֹקֵט כְּדַרְכּוֹ וְהוֹלֵךְ. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף יִשְׂכֹּר פּוֹעֲלִין וִילַקֵּט. \nאָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: \nבַּמֵּי דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? \nבִּזְמַן שֶׁקָּנָה קַרְקַע; \nאֲבָל בִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא קָנָה קַרְקַע, \nאִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, \nפָּטוּר. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nלְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן. \n",
|
66 |
+
"<small>ו</small>\nהַמְתַמֵּד וְנָתַן מַיִם בַּמִּדָּה, <ונותן>\nוּמָצָא כְדֵי מִדָּתוֹ, פָּטוּר. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מְחַיֵּב. \nמָצָא יָתֵר עַל מִדָּתוֹ, \nמוֹצִיא עָלָיו מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן. \n",
|
67 |
+
"<small>ז</small>\nחוֹרָרֵי הַנְּמָלִים שֶׁלָּנוּ בְצַד הָעֲרֵמָה הַחַיֶּבֶת, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין, \nשֶׁיָּדוּעַ שֶׁמִּדָּבָר גָּמוּר הָיוּ גוֹרְרִין כָּל הַלַּיְלָה. <הגמור>\n",
|
68 |
+
"<small>ח</small>\nשׁוּם בַּעַל בֶּכִי, וּבָצָל שֶׁלָּרְכָפָא, \nוְהַגְּרִיסִים הַקִּלְקִים, וַעֲדָשִׁים הַמִּצְרִיּוֹת, \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הַקִּרְקֵס. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף הַקָּטְנִים פְּטוּרִין מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, \nוְנִלְקָחִים מִכָּל אָדָם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. \nזֶרַע לוּף הָעֶלְיוֹן, זֶרַע כְּרֵשִׁים, \nזֶרַע בְּצָלִים, זֶרַע לֶפֶת וּצְנוֹנוֹת, \nוּשְׁאָר זֵרְעוֹנֵי גִנָּה שֶׁאֵינָן נֶאֱכָלִים, \nפְּטוּרִין מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, \nוְנִלְקָחִין מִכָּל אָדָן בַּשְּׁבִיעִית; \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֲבִיהֶם תְּרוּמָה, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֵאָכֵלוּ. \n\n\n\n"
|
69 |
+
]
|
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+
],
|
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+
"sectionNames": [
|
72 |
+
"Chapter",
|
73 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
74 |
+
]
|
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+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
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+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "he",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Maasrot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001741739",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"priority": 2.0,
|
8 |
+
"license": "Public Domain",
|
9 |
+
"digitizedBySefaria": true,
|
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+
"heversionSource": "http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_ALEPH00174173",
|
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+
"versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה, מהדורת בית דפוס ראם, וילנא 1913",
|
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+
"actualLanguage": "he",
|
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+
"languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
|
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+
"isBaseText": true,
|
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+
"isSource": true,
|
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+
"isPrimary": true,
|
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+
"direction": "rtl",
|
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+
"heTitle": "משנה מעשרות",
|
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+
"categories": [
|
20 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
21 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
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+
],
|
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+
"text": [
|
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+
[
|
25 |
+
"כלל אמרו במעשרות. כל שהוא אוכל. ונשמר. וגדוליו מן הארץ חייב במעשרות. ועוד כלל אחר אמרו כל שתחלתו אוכל וסופו אוכל. אף על פי שהוא שומרו להוסיף אוכל. חייב קטן וגדול. וכל שאין תחלתו אוכל. אבל סופו אוכל אינו חייב עד שיעשה אוכל: ",
|
26 |
+
"מאימתי הפירות חייבות במעשרות. התאנים משיבחילו. הענבים והאבשים משהבאישו. האוג והתותים משיאדימו. וכל האדומים משיאדימו. הרמונים משימסו. התמרים משיטילו שאור. האפרסקים משיטילו גידים. האגוזים משיעשו מגורה. ר' יהודה אומר האגוזים והשקדים משיעשו קליפה: ",
|
27 |
+
"החרובין משינקדו. וכל השחורים משינקדו. האגסים והקרוסטומלין והפרישים והעוזרדים משיקרחו. וכל הלבנים משיקרחו. התלתן משתצמח. התבואה והזיתים משיכניסו שליש: ",
|
28 |
+
"ובירק. הקשואים. והדלועים. והאבטיחים. והמלפפונות. התפוחים. והאתרוגין. חייבים גדולים וקטנים. ר' שמעון פוטר את האתרוגין בקטנן. החייב בשקדים המרים פטור במתוקים. החייב במתוקים פטור במרים: ",
|
29 |
+
"איזהו גרנן למעשרות. הקשואים והדלועים משיפקסו. ואם אינו מפקס. משיעמיד ערימה. אבטיח משישלק. ואם אינו משלק. עד שיעשה מוקצה. ירק הנאגד משיאגד. אם אינו אוגד עד שימלא את הכלי. ואם אינו ממלא את הכלי עד שילקט כל צרכו. כלכלה עד שיחפה. ואם אינו מחפה עד שימלא את הכלי. ואם אינו ממלא את הכלי עד שילקט כל צרכו. במה דברים אמורים במוליך לשוק. אבל במוליך לביתו. אוכל מהם עראי עד שהוא מגיע לביתו: ",
|
30 |
+
"הפרד והצמוקין והחרובין משיעמיד ערימה. הבצלים משיפקל. ואם אינו מפקל. משיעמיד ערימה. התבואה משימרח. ואם אינו ממרח. עד שיעמיד ערימה. הקטניות משיכבור. ואם אינו כובר עד שימרח. אף על פי שמרח נוטל מן הקוטעים ומן הצדדים וממה שבתוך התבן ואוכל: ",
|
31 |
+
"היין משיקפה. אף על פי שקפה קולט מן הגת העליונה ומן הצנור ושותה. השמן משירד לעוקה. אף על פי שירד נוטל מן העקל. ומבין הממל ומבין הפצים. ונותן לחמטה. ולתמחוי. אבל לא יתן לקדרה וללפס כשהן רותחין. רבי יהודה אומר לכל הוא נותן חוץ מדבר שיש בו חומץ וציר: ",
|
32 |
+
"העגול משיחליקנו. מחליקים בתאנים ובענבים של טבל רבי יהודה אוסר. המחליק בענבים לא הוכשר רבי יהודה אומר הוכשר. הגרוגרות משידוש ומגורה משיעגל. היה דש בחבית ומעגל במגורה נשברה החבית. ונפתחה המגורה. לא יאכל מהם עראי. רבי יוסי מתיר: "
|
33 |
+
],
|
34 |
+
[
|
35 |
+
"היה עובר בשוק ואמר טלו לכם תאנים. אוכלין ופטורין. לפיכך אם הכניסו לבתיהם מתקנים ודאי. טלו והכניסו לבתיכם. לא יאכלו מהם עראי. לפיכך אם הכניסו לבתיהם אינם מתקנים אלא דמאי: ",
|
36 |
+
"היו יושבים בשער או בחנות. ואמר טלו לכם תאנים אוכלין ופטורין. ובעל השער ובעל החנות חייבין. רבי יהודה פוטר עד שיחזיר את פניו. או עד שישנה מקום ישיבתו: ",
|
37 |
+
"המעלה פירות מן הגליל ליהודה או עולה לירושלם. אוכל מהם עד שהוא מגי�� למקום שהוא הולך. וכן ביהודה. ר' מאיר אומר עד שהוא מגיע למקום השביתה. והרוכלין המחזרין בעיירות. אוכלים עד שמגיעים למקום הלינה. ר' יהודה אומר הבית הראשון הוא ביתו: ",
|
38 |
+
"פירות שתרמן עד שלא נגמרה מלאכתן. רבי אליעזר אוסר מלאכול מהם עראי. וחכמים מתירין חוץ מכלכלת תאנים. כלכלת תאנים שתרמה. ר' שמעון מתיר וחכמים אוסרין: ",
|
39 |
+
"האומר לחברו הילך איסר זה ותן לי בו חמש תאנים. לא יאכל עד שיעשר. דברי רבי מאיר. ר' יהודה אומר אוכל אחת אחת פטור. ואם צרף חייב. אמר ר' יהודה מעשה בגנת ורדים שהיתה בירושלם והיו תאנים נמכרות משלש ומארבע באיסר ולא הופרש ממנה תרומה ומעשר מעולם: ",
|
40 |
+
"האומר לחברו הילך איסר זה בעשר תאנים שאבור לי. בורר ואוכל. באשכול שאבור לי. מגרגר ואוכל. ברמון שאבור לי. פורט ואוכל. באבטיח שאבור לי. סופת ואוכל. אבל אם אמר לו בעשרים תאנים אלו. בשני אשכלות אלו. בשני רמונים אלו. בשני אבטיחים אלו. אוכל כדרכו ופטור. מפני שקנה במחובר לקרקע: ",
|
41 |
+
"השוכר את הפועל לקצות עמו בתאנים. אמר לו על מנת שאוכל תאנים. אוכל ופטור. על מנת שאוכל אני ובני ביתי. או שיאכל בני בשכרי. הוא אוכל ופטור. ובנו אוכל וחייב. על מנת שאוכל בשעת הקציעה ולאחר הקציעה. בשעת הקציעה אוכל ופטור. ולאחר הקציעה אוכל וחייב. שאינו אוכל מן התורה. זה הכלל האוכל מן התורה פטור. ושאינו אוכל מן התורה חייב: ",
|
42 |
+
"היה עושה בלבסים לא יאכל בבנות שבע. בבנות שבע לא יאכל בלבסים. אבל מונע הוא את עצמו עד שמגיע למקום היפות ואוכל. המחליף עם חברו זה לאכול. וזה לאכול זה לקצות. וזה לקצות. זה לאכול. וזה לקצות. חייב. ר' יהודה אומר המחליף לאכול חייב. ולקצות פטור: "
|
43 |
+
],
|
44 |
+
[
|
45 |
+
"המעביר תאנים בחצרו לקצות. בניו ובני ביתו אוכלים ופטורין. הפועלים שעמו בזמן שאין להם עליו מזונות אוכלין ופטורין. אבל אם יש להם עליו מזונות הרי אלו לא יאכלו: ",
|
46 |
+
"המוציא פועליו לשדה. בזמן שאין להם עליו מזונות. אוכלין ופטורין. ואם יש להם עליו מזונות אוכלין אחת אחת מן התאנה. אבל לא מן הסל ולא מן הקופה ולא מן המוקצה: ",
|
47 |
+
"השוכר את הפועל לעשות בזיתים. אמר לו על מנת לאכול זיתים אוכל אחד אחד פטור ואם צירף חייב. לנכש בבצלים. אמר לו על מנת לאכול ירק מקרטם עלה עלה ואוכל ואם צירף חייב: ",
|
48 |
+
"מצא קציצות בדרך. אפילו בצד שדה קציצות. וכן תאנה שהיא נוטה על דרך ומצא תחתיה תאנים. מותרות משום גזל ופטורות מן המעשרות. ובזיתים ובחרובים חייבים. מצא גרוגרות אם דרסו רוב בני אדם חייב ואם לאו פטור. מצא פלחי דבילה חייב. שידוע שהן מדבר גמור. והחרובין עד שלא כנסן לראש הגג. מוריד מהם לבהמה פטור. מפני שהוא מחזיר את המותר: ",
|
49 |
+
"איזוהי חצר שהיא חייבת במעשרות. רבי ישמעאל אומר חצר הצורית. שהכלים נשמרים בתוכה. רבי עקיבא אומר כל שאחד פותח ואחד נועל פטורה. רבי נחמיה אומר כל שאין אדם בוש מלאכול בתוכה חייבת. רבי יוסי אומר כל שנכנס לה ואין אומר מה אתה מבקש פטורה. רבי יהודה אומר שני חצרות זו לפנים מזו הפנימית חייבת. והחיצונה פטורה: ",
|
50 |
+
"הגגות פטורין. אף על פי שהם של חצר החייבת. בית שער אכסדרה ומרפסת הרי אלו כחצר. אם חייבת חייבין. ואם פטורה פטורים: ",
|
51 |
+
"הצריפין והבורגנין והאלקטיות פטורין. סוכת גנוסר. אף על פי שיש בו רחים ותרנגולים פטורה. סוכת היוצרים הפנימית חייבת. והחיצונה פטורה. רבי יוסי אומר כל שאינה דירת החמה ודירת הגשמים פטורה. סוכת החג בחג. רבי יהודה מחייב. וחכמים פוטרין: ",
|
52 |
+
"תאנה שהיא עומדת בחצר. אוכל אחת אחת ופטור ואם צירף חייב. רבי שמעון אומר אחת בימינו. ואחת בשמאלו. ואחת בפיו. עלה לראשה. ממלא חיקו ואוכל: ",
|
53 |
+
"גפן שהיא נטועה בחצר. נוטל את כל האשכול. וכן ברמון וכן באבטיח. דברי ר' טרפון. ר' עקיבא אומר מגרגר באשכולות. ופורט ברמון. וסופת באבטיח. כסבר שהיא זרועה בחצר. מקרטם עלה עלה ואוכל. ואם צירף חייב. הסאה והאזוב. והקורנית שבחצר. אם היו נשמרים חייבין: ",
|
54 |
+
"תאנה שהיא עומדת בחצר. ונוטה לגנה. אוכל כדרכו פטור. עומדת בגנה ונוטה לחצר. אוכל אחת אחת פטור. ואם צירף חייב. עומדת בארץ ונוטה לחוצה לארץ. בחוצה לארץ ונוטה לארץ. הכל הולך אחר העקר. ובבתי ערי חומה הכל הולך אחר העקר. ובערי מקלט הכל הולך אחר הנוף. ובירושלם הכל הולך אחר הנוף: "
|
55 |
+
],
|
56 |
+
[
|
57 |
+
"הכובש השולק המולח חייב. המכמן באדמה פטור. המטבל בשדה פטור. הפוצע זיתים שיצא מהם השרף פטור. הסוחט זיתים על בשרו פטור. אם סחט ונתן לתוך ידו חייב. המקפא לתבשיל פטור לקדרה חייב. מפני שהוא כבור קטן: ",
|
58 |
+
"תינוקות שטמנו תאנים לשבת. ושכחו לעשרן. לא יאכלו למוצאי שבת עד שיעשרו. כלכלת שבת בית שמאי פוטרין. ובית הלל מחייבין. רבי יהודה אומר אף הלוקט את הכלכלה לשלוח לחברו. לא יאכל עד שיתעשר: ",
|
59 |
+
"הנוטל זיתים מן המעטן. טובל אחד אחד במלח ואוכל. אם מלח ונתן לפניו חייב. רבי אליעזר אומר מן המעטן הטהור חייב ומן הטמא פטור. מפני שהוא מחזיר את המותר: ",
|
60 |
+
"שותים על הגת. בין על החמין בין על הצונן פטור דברי רבי מאיר. רבי אלעזר ברבי צדוק מחייב. וחכמים אומרים על החמין חייב ועל הצונן פטור: ",
|
61 |
+
"המקלף שעורים. מקלף אחת אחת ואוכל. ואם קלף ונתן לתוך ידו חייב. המולל מלילות של חטים מנפה מיד ליד ואוכל. ואם נפה ונתן לתוך חיקו חייב. כסבר שזרעה לזרע ירקה פטור. זרעה לירק מתעשרת זרע וירק. ר' אלעזר אומר השבת מתעשרת זרע וירק וזירין. וחכמים אומרים אינו מתעשר זרע וירק אלא השחלים והגרגיר בלבד: ",
|
62 |
+
"רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר. תמרות של תלתן ושל חרדל ושל פול הלבן חייבות במעשר. רבי אליעזר אומר הצלף מתעשר תמרות. ואביונות. וקפרס. רבי עקיבא אומר אין מתעשר אלא אביונות מפני שהן פרי: "
|
63 |
+
],
|
64 |
+
[
|
65 |
+
"העוקר שתלים מתוך שלו ונטע לתוך שלו פטור. לקח במחובר לקרקע פטור. לקט לשלוח לחברו פטור. ר' אלעזר בן עזריה אומר אם יש כיוצא בהם נמכרים בשוק הרי אלו חייבין: ",
|
66 |
+
"העוקר לפת וצנונות מתוך שלו ונוטע לתוך שלו לזרע. חייב מפני שהוא גרנן. בצלים משהשרישו בעליה טהרו מלטמא. נפלה עליהם מפולת והם מגולים. הרי אלו כנטועים בשדה: ",
|
67 |
+
"לא ימכור אדם את פירותיו משבאו לעונת המעשרות למי שאינו נאמן על המעשרות. ולא בשביעית למי שהוא חשוד על השביעית. ואם בכרו. נוטל את הבכורות ומוכר את השאר: ",
|
68 |
+
"לא ימכור אדם את תבנו. ואת גפתו. ואת זגיו. למי שאינו נאמן על המעשרות להוציא מהן משקין. ואם הוציא חייב במעשרות. ופטור מן התרומה. שהתורם בלבו על הקטועים. על הצדדים. ועל מה שבתוך התבן: ",
|
69 |
+
"הלוקח שדה ירק בסוריא. אם עד שלא בא לעונת המעשרות חייב. ומשבא לעונת המעשרות פטור. ולוקט כדרכו והולך. ר' יהודה אומר אף ישכור פועלים וילקט. אמר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל במה דברים אמורים בזמן שקנה קרקע. אבל בזמן שלא קנה קרקע. אם עד שלא בא לעונת המעשרות פטור. רבי אומר א�� לפי חשבון: ",
|
70 |
+
"המתמד ונתן מים במדה ומצא כדי מדתו פטור. ר' יהודה מחייב. מצא יותר על כדי מדתו. מוציא עליו ממקום אחר לפי חשבון: ",
|
71 |
+
"חורי הנמלים שלנו בצד הערימה החייבת הרי אלו חייבים. שידוע שמדבר הגמור גוררין כל הלילה: ",
|
72 |
+
"שום בעל בכי. ובצל של רכפא. וגריסין הקילקין. והעדשים המצריות. ר' מאיר אומר אף הקרקס. ר' יוסי אומר אף הקוטנים. פטורים מן המעשרות. ונלקחים מכל אדם בשביעית. זרע לוף העליון. זרע כרישים. זרע בצלים. זרע לפת וצנונות. ושאר זרעוני גנה שאינן נאכלים. פטורים מן המעשרות. ונלקחין מכל אדם בשביעית. שאף על פי שאביהן תרומה הרי אלו יאכלו: "
|
73 |
+
]
|
74 |
+
],
|
75 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
76 |
+
"Chapter",
|
77 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
78 |
+
]
|
79 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
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|
1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "he",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Maasrot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"priority": 3.0,
|
8 |
+
"license": "Public Domain",
|
9 |
+
"versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357",
|
10 |
+
"actualLanguage": "he",
|
11 |
+
"languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
|
12 |
+
"isBaseText": true,
|
13 |
+
"isSource": true,
|
14 |
+
"isPrimary": true,
|
15 |
+
"direction": "rtl",
|
16 |
+
"heTitle": "משנה מעשרות",
|
17 |
+
"categories": [
|
18 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
19 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
20 |
+
],
|
21 |
+
"text": [
|
22 |
+
[
|
23 |
+
"כְּלָל אָמְרוּ בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, כָּל שֶׁהוּא אֹכֶל, וְנִשְׁמָר, וְגִדּוּלָיו מִן הָאָרֶץ, חַיָּב בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. וְעוֹד כְּלָל אַחֵר אָמְרוּ, כָּל שֶׁתְּחִלָּתוֹ אֹכֶל וְסוֹפוֹ אֹכֶל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹמְרוֹ לְהוֹסִיף אֹכֶל, חַיָּב קָטָן וְגָדוֹל. וְכָל שֶׁאֵין תְּחִלָּתוֹ אֹכֶל אֲבָל סוֹפוֹ אֹכֶל, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיֵּעָשֶׂה אֹכֶל: \n",
|
24 |
+
"מֵאֵימָתַי הַפֵּרוֹת חַיָּבוֹת בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. הַתְּאֵנִים, מִשֶּׁיַּבְחִילוּ. הָעֲנָבִים וְהָאֳבָשִׁים, מִשֶּׁהִבְאִישׁוּ. הָאוֹג וְהַתּוּתִים, מִשֶּׁיַּאְדִּימוּ. וְכָל הָאֲדֻמִּים, מִשֶּׁיַּאְדִּימוּ. הָרִמּוֹנִים, מִשֶּׁיִּמַּסּוּ. הַתְּמָרִים, מִשֶּׁיָּטִּילוּ שְׂאֹר. הָאֲפַרְסְקִים, מִשֶּׁיָּטִּילוּ גִידִים. הָאֱגוֹזִים, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשׂוּ מְגוּרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָאֱגוֹזִים וְהַשְּׁקֵדִים, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשׂוּ קְלִפָּה: \n",
|
25 |
+
"הֶחָרוּבִין, מִשֶּׁיִּנָּקֵדוּ. וְכָל הַשְּׁחוֹרִים, מִשֶּׁיִּנָּקְדוּ. הָאֲגָסִים וְהַקְּרֻסְטוֹמֵלִין וְהַפָּרִישִׁין וְהָעֻזְרָדִים, מִשֶּׁיִּקָּרֵחוּ. וְכָל הַלְּבָנִים, מִשֶּׁיִּקָּרֵחוּ. הַתִּלְתָּן, מִשֶּׁתְּצַמֵּחַ. הַתְּבוּאָה וְהַזֵּיתִים, מִשֶּׁיַּכְנִיסוּ שְׁלִישׁ: \n",
|
26 |
+
"וּבַיָּרָק, הַקִּשּׁוּאִין וְהַדְּלוּעִים וְהָאֲבַטִּיחִים וְהַמְּלָפְפוֹנוֹת, הַתַּפּוּחִים וְהָאֶתְרוֹגִין, חַיָּבִים גְּדוֹלִים וּקְטַנִּים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר אֶת הָאֶתְרוֹגִים בְּקָטְנָן. הַחַיָּב בַּשְּׁקֵדִים הַמָּרִים, פָּטוּר בַּמְּתוּקִים, הַחַיָּב בַּמְּתוּקִים, פָּטוּר בַּמָּרִים: \n",
|
27 |
+
"אֵיזֶהוּ גָּרְנָן לַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. הַקִּשּׁוּאִים וְהַדְּלוּעִים, מִשֶּׁיְּפַקְסוּ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְפַקֵּס, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. אֲבַטִּיחַ, מִשֶּׁיְּשַׁלֵּק. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּק, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה מֻקְצֶה. יָרָק הַנֶּאֱגָד, מִשֶּׁיֹּאגַד. אִם אֵינוֹ אוֹגֵד, עַד שֶׁיְּמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי, עַד שֶׁיְּלַקֵּט כָּל צָרְכּוֹ. כַּלְכָּלָה, עַד שֶׁיְּחַפֶּה. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְחַפֶּה, עַד שֶׁיְמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי, עַד שֶׁיְּלַקֵּט כָּל צָרְכּוֹ. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּמוֹלִיךְ לַשּׁוּק. אֲבָל בְּמוֹלִיךְ לְבֵיתוֹ, אוֹכֵל מֵהֶם עֲרַאי עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לְבֵיתוֹ: \n",
|
28 |
+
"הַפֶּרֶד וְהַצִּמּוּקִין וְהֶחָרוּבִין, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. הַבְּצָלִים, מִשֶּׁיְּפַקֵּל. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְפַקֵּל, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. הַתְּבוּאָה, מִשֶּׁיְּמָרֵחַ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְמָרֵחַ, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. הַקִּטְנִיּוֹת, מִשֶּׁיִּכְבֹּר. וְאִם אֵינוֹ כוֹבֵר, עַד שֶׁיְּמָרֵחַ. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמֵּרַח, נוֹטֵל מִן הַקֻּטָּעִים וּמִן ה��צְּדָדִים וּמִמַּה שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ הַתֶּבֶן, וְאוֹכֵל: \n",
|
29 |
+
"הַיַּיִן, מִשֶּׁיְּקַפֶּה. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקִּפָּה, קוֹלֵט מִן הַגַּת הָעֶלְיוֹנָה וּמִן הַצִּנּוֹר, וְשׁוֹתֶה. הַשֶּׁמֶן, מִשֶּׁיֵּרֵד לָעוּקָה. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיָּרַד, נוֹטֵל מִן הֶעָקָל וּמִבֵּין הַמָּמָל וּמִבֵּין הַפַּצִּים, וְנוֹתֵן לַחֲמִטָּה וְלַתַּמְחוּי, אֲבָל לֹא יִתֵּן לַקְּדֵרָה וְלַלְּפָס כְּשֶׁהֵן רוֹתְחִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לַכֹּל הוּא נוֹתֵן, חוּץ מִדָּבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ חֹמֶץ וְצִיר: \n",
|
30 |
+
"הָעִגּוּל, מִשֶּׁיַּחֲלִיקֶנּוּ. מַחֲלִיקִים בִּתְאֵנִים וּבַעֲנָבִים שֶׁל טֶבֶל. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר. הַמַּחֲלִיק בַּעֲנָבִים, לֹא הֻכְשָׁר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הֻכְשָׁר. הַגְּרוֹגָרוֹת, מִשֶּׁיָּדוּשׁ. וּמְגוּרָה מִשֶּׁיְּעַגֵּל. הָיָה דָשׁ בֶּחָבִית וּמְעַגֵּל בַּמְּגוּרָה, נִשְׁבְּרָה הֶחָבִית וְנִפְתְּחָה הַמְּגוּרָה, לֹא יֹאכַל מֵהֶם עֲרָאי. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר: \n"
|
31 |
+
],
|
32 |
+
[
|
33 |
+
"הָיָה עוֹבֵר בַּשּׁוּק וְאָמַר, טְלוּ לָכֶם תְּאֵנִים, אוֹכְלִין וּפְטוּרִין. לְפִיכָךְ אִם הִכְנִיסוּ לְבָתֵּיהֶם, מְתַקְּנִים וַדָּאי. טְלוּ וְהַכְנִיסוּ לְבָתֵּיכֶם, לֹא יֹאכְלוּ מֵהֶם עֲרַאי. לְפִיכָךְ אִם הִכְנִיסוּ לְבָתֵּיהֶם, אֵינָם מְתַקְּנִים אֶלָּא דְמָאי: \n",
|
34 |
+
"הָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִין בַּשַּׁעַר אוֹ בַחֲנוּת, וְאָמַר, טְלוּ לָכֶם תְּאֵנִים, אוֹכְלִין וּפְטוּרִין, וּבַעַל הַשַּׁעַר וּבַעַל הַחֲנוּת חַיָּבִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹטֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּחֲזִיר אֶת פָּנָיו, אוֹ עַד שֶׁיְּשַׁנֶּה מְקוֹם יְשִׁיבָתוֹ: \n",
|
35 |
+
"הַמַּעֲלֶה פֵרוֹת מִן הַגָּלִיל לִיהוּדָה, אוֹ עוֹלֶה לִירוּשָׁלַיִם, אוֹכֵל מֵהֶם עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לְמָקוֹם שֶׁהוּא הוֹלֵךְ, וְכֵן בִּיהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לִמְקוֹם הַשְּׁבִיתָה. וְהָרוֹכְלִין הַמְּחַזְּרִין בָּעֲיָרוֹת, אוֹכְלִים עַד שֶׁמַּגִּיעִים לִמְקוֹם הַלִּינָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַבַּיִת הָרִאשׁוֹן הוּא בֵיתוֹ: \n",
|
36 |
+
"פֵּרוֹת שֶׁתְּרָמָן עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר מִלֶּאֱכֹל מֵהֶם עֲרַאי. וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין, חוּץ מִכַּלְכָּלַת תְּאֵנִים. כַּלְכָּלַת תְּאֵנִים שֶׁתְּרָמָהּ, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין: \n",
|
37 |
+
"הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, הֵילָךְ אִסָּר זֶה וְתֶן לִי בוֹ חָמֵשׁ תְּאֵנִים, לֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אוֹכֵל אַחַת אַחַת, פָּטוּר, וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, מַעֲשֶׂה בְגִנַּת וְרָדִים שֶׁהָיְתָה בִירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְהָיוּ תְאֵנִים נִמְכָּרוֹת מִשָּׁלֹשׁ וּמֵאַרְבַּע בְּאִסָּר, וְלֹא הֻפְרַשׁ מִמֶּנָּה תְרוּמָה וּמַעֲשֵׂר מֵעוֹלָם: \n",
|
38 |
+
"הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, הֵילָךְ אִסָּר זֶה בְּעֶשֶׂר תְּאֵנִים שֶׁאָבֹר לִי, בּוֹרֵר וְאוֹכֵל. בְּאֶשְׁכּוֹל שֶׁאָבֹר לִי, מְגַרְגֵּר וְאוֹכֵל. בְּרִמּוֹן שֶׁאָבֹר לִי, פּוֹרֵט וְאוֹכֵל. בַּאֲבַטִּיחַ שֶׁאָבֹר לִי, סוֹפֵת וְאוֹכֵל. אֲבָל אִם אָמַר לוֹ בְּעֶשְׂרִים תְּאֵנִים אֵלוּ, בִּשְׁנֵי אֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת אֵלוּ, בִּשְׁנֵ�� רִמּוֹנִים אֵלוּ, בִּשְׁנֵי אֲבַטִּיחִים אֵלוּ, אוֹכֵל כְּדַרְכּוֹ וּפָטוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁקָּנָה בִמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקָע: \n",
|
39 |
+
"הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַפּוֹעֵל לִקְצוֹת עִמּוֹ בִּתְאֵנִים, אָמַר לוֹ עַל מְנָת שֶׁאוֹכַל תְּאֵנִים, אוֹכֵל וּפָטוּר. עַל מְנָת שֶׁאוֹכַל אֲנִי וּבְנֵי בֵיתִי, אוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל בְּנִי בִּשְׂכָרִי, הוּא אוֹכֵל וּפָטוּר, וּבְנוֹ אוֹכֵל וְחַיָּב. עַל מְנָת שֶׁאוֹכַל בִּשְׁעַת הַקְּצִיעָה וּלְאַחַר הַקְּצִיעָה, בִּשְׁעַת הַקְּצִיעָה אוֹכֵל וּפָטוּר, וּלְאַחַר הַקְּצִיעָה אוֹכֵל וְחַיָּב, שֶׁאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַתּוֹרָה. זֶה הַכְּלָל, הָאוֹכֵל מִן הַתּוֹרָה, פָּטוּר, וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַתּוֹרָה, חַיָּב: \n",
|
40 |
+
"הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה בִלְבָסִים, לֹא יֹאכַל בִּבְנוֹת שֶׁבַע. בִּבְנוֹת שֶׁבַע, לֹא יֹאכַל בִּלְבָסִים. אֲבָל מוֹנֵעַ הוּא אֶת עַצְמוֹ עַד שֶׁמַּגִּיעַ לִמְקוֹם הַיָּפוֹת וְאוֹכֵל. הַמַּחֲלִיף עִם חֲבֵרוֹ, זֶה לֶאֱכֹל וְזֶה לֶאֱכֹל, זֶה לִקְצוֹת וְזֶה לִקְצוֹת, זֶה לֶאֱכֹל וְזֶה לִקְצוֹת, חַיָּב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַמַּחֲלִיף לֶאֱכֹל, חַיָּב, וְלִקְצוֹת, פָּטוּר: \n"
|
41 |
+
],
|
42 |
+
[
|
43 |
+
"הַמַּעֲבִיר תְּאֵנִים בַּחֲצֵרוֹ לִקְצוֹת, בָּנָיו וּבְנֵי בֵיתוֹ אוֹכְלִין וּפְטוּרִין. הַפּוֹעֲלִים שֶׁעִמּוֹ, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת, אוֹכְלִין וּפְטוּרִין. אֲבָל אִם יֶשׁ לָהֶם עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לֹא יֹאכֵלוּ: \n",
|
44 |
+
"הַמּוֹצִיא פּוֹעֲלָיו לַשָּׂדֶה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת, אוֹכְלִין וּפְטוּרִין. וְאִם יֶשׁ לָהֶם עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת, אוֹכְלִין אַחַת אַחַת מִן הַתְּאֵנָה, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הַסַּל וְלֹא מִן הַקֻּפָּה וְלֹא מִן הַמֻּקְצֶה: \n",
|
45 |
+
"הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַפּוֹעֵל לַעֲשׂוֹת בְּזֵיתִים, אָמַר לוֹ עַל מְנָת לֶאֱכֹל זֵיתִים, אוֹכֵל אֶחָד אֶחָד וּפָטוּר. וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב. לְנַכֵּשׁ בִּבְצָלִים, אָמַר לוֹ עַל מְנָת לֶאֱכֹל יָרָק, מְקַרְטֵם עָלֶה עָלֶה וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב: \n",
|
46 |
+
"מָצָא קְצִיצוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ, אֲפִלּוּ בְצַד שְׂדֵה קְצִיצוֹת, וְכֵן תְּאֵנָה שֶׁהִיא נוֹטָה עַל דֶּרֶךְ, וּמָצָא תַחְתֶּיהָ תְּאֵנִים, מֻתָּרוֹת מִשּׁוּם גָּזֵל וּפְטוּרוֹת מִן הַמַּעֲשְׂרוֹת. וּבְזֵיתִים וּבְחָרוּבִים, חַיָּבִים. מָצָא גְרוֹגָרוֹת, אִם דָּרְסוּ רוֹב בְּנֵי אָדָם, חַיָּב, וְאִם לָאו, פָּטוּר. מָצָא פִלְחֵי דְבֵלָה, חַיָּב, שֶׁיָּדוּעַ שֶׁהֵן מִדָּבָר גָּמוּר. וְהֶחָרוּבִין, עַד שֶׁלֹּא כְנָסָן לְרֹאשׁ הַגַּג, מוֹרִיד מֵהֶם לִבְהֵמָה, פָּטוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַחֲזִיר אֶת הַמּוֹתָר: \n",
|
47 |
+
"אֵיזוֹ הִיא חָצֵר שֶׁהִיא חַיֶּבֶת בַּמַּעֲשְׂרוֹת, רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, חָצֵר הַצּוֹרִית, שֶׁהַכֵּלִים נִשְׁמָרִים בְּתוֹכָהּ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁאֶחָד פּוֹתֵחַ וְאֶחָד נוֹעֵל, פְּטוּרָה. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁאֵין אָדָם בּוֹשׁ מִלֶּאֱכֹל בְּתוֹכָהּ, חַיֶּבֶת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁנִּכְנָס לָהּ וְאֵין אוֹמֵר מָה אַתָּה מְבַקֵּשׁ, פְּטוּרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שְׁנֵי חֲצֵרוֹת זוֹ לִפְנִים מִזּוֹ, הַפְּנִימִית חַיֶּבֶת, וְהַחִיצוֹנָה ��ְּטוּרָה: \n",
|
48 |
+
"הַגַּגּוֹת פְּטוּרִין, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵם שֶׁל חָצֵר הַחַיָּבֶת. בֵּית שַׁעַר, אַכְסַדְרָה וּמִרְפֶּסֶת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כֶּחָצֵר, אִם חַיֶּבֶת, חַיָּבִין, וְאִם פְּטוּרָה, פְּטוּרִים: \n",
|
49 |
+
"הַצְּרִיפִין וְהַבֻּרְגָּנִין וְהָאֶלְקָטִיּוֹת, פְּטוּרִין. סֻכַּת גִּנּוֹסַר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ רֵחַיִם וְתַרְנְגוֹלִים, פְּטוּרָה. סֻכַּת הַיּוֹצְרִים, הַפְּנִימִית חַיֶּבֶת, וְהַחִיצוֹנָה פְּטוּרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁאֵינָהּ דִּירַת הַחַמָּה וְדִירַת הַגְּשָׁמִים, פְּטוּרָה. סֻכַּת הֶחָג בֶּחָג, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְחַיֵּב, וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹטְרִין: \n",
|
50 |
+
"תְּאֵנָה שֶׁהִיא עוֹמֶדֶת בֶּחָצֵר, אוֹכֵל אַחַת אַחַת וּפָטוּר. וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַחַת בִּימִינוֹ וְאַחַת בִּשְׂמֹאלוֹ וְאַחַת בְּפִיו. עָלָה לְרֹאשָׁהּ, מְמַלֵּא חֵיקוֹ וְאוֹכֵל: \n",
|
51 |
+
"גֶּפֶן שֶׁהִיא נְטוּעָה בֶחָצֵר, נוֹטֵל אֶת כָּל הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל. וְכֵן בְּרִמּוֹן, וְכֵן בַּאֲבַטִּיחַ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מְגַרְגֵּר בָּאֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת, וּפוֹרֵט בָּרִמּוֹן, וְסוֹפֵת בָּאֲבַטִּיחַ. כֻּסְבָּר שֶׁהִיא זְרוּעָה בֶחָצֵר, מְקַרְטֵם עָלֶה עָלֶה וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב. הַסֵּאָה וְהָאֵזוֹב וְהַקּוֹרָנִית שֶׁבֶּחָצֵר, אִם הָיוּ נִשְׁמָרִים, חַיָּבִין: \n",
|
52 |
+
"תְּאֵנָה שֶׁהִיא עוֹמֶדֶת בֶּחָצֵר וְנוֹטָה לַגִּנָּה, אוֹכֵל כְּדַרְכּוֹ וּפָטוּר. עוֹמֶדֶת בַּגִּנָּה וְנוֹטָה לֶחָצֵר, אוֹכֵל אַחַת אַחַת, פָּטוּר. וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב. עוֹמֶדֶת בָּאָרֶץ וְנוֹטָה לְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ וְנוֹטָה לָאָרֶץ, הַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הָעִקָּר. וּבְבָתֵּי עָרֵי חוֹמָה, הַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הָעִקָּר. וּבְעָרֵי מִקְלָט, הַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הַנּוֹף. וּבִירוּשָׁלַיִם, הַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הַנּוֹף: \n"
|
53 |
+
],
|
54 |
+
[
|
55 |
+
"הַכּוֹבֵשׁ, הַשּׁוֹלֵק, הַמּוֹלֵחַ, חַיָּב. הַמְכַמֵּן בָּאֲדָמָה, פָּטוּר. הַמְטַבֵּל בַּשָּׂדֶה, פָּטוּר. הַפּוֹצֵעַ זֵיתִים שֶׁיֵּצֵא מֵהֶם הַשְּׂרָף, פָּטוּר. הַסּוֹחֵט זֵיתִים עַל בְּשָׂרוֹ, פָּטוּר. אִם סָחַט וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ, חַיָּב. הַמְקַפֵּא לְתַבְשִׁיל, פָּטוּר. לִקְדֵרָה, חַיָּב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְבוֹר קָטָן: ",
|
56 |
+
"תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁטָּמְנוּ תְאֵנִים לְשַׁבָּת, וְשָׁכְחוּ לְעַשְּׂרָן, לֹא יֹאכְלוּ לְמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת עַד שֶׁיְּעַשְּׂרוּ. כַּלְכָּלַת שַׁבָּת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹטְרִין וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַלּוֹקֵט אֶת הַכַּלְכָּלָה לִשְׁלֹחַ לַחֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיִּתְעַשֵּׂר: ",
|
57 |
+
"הַנּוֹטֵל זֵיתִים מִן הַמַּעֲטָן, טוֹבֵל אֶחָד אֶחָד בְּמֶלַח וְאוֹכֵל. אִם מָלַח וְנָתַן לְפָנָיו, חַיָּב. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מִן הַמַּעֲטָן הַטָּהוֹר חַיָּב, וּמִן הַטָּמֵא פָּטוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַחֲזִיר אֶת הַמּוֹתָר: ",
|
58 |
+
"שׁוֹתִים עַל הַגַּת, בֵּין עַל הַחַמִּין בֵּין עַל הַצּוֹנֵן פָּטוּר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי צָדוֹק מְחַיֵּב. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַל הַחַמִּין חַיָּב, וְעַל הַצּוֹנֵן פָּטוּר: ",
|
59 |
+
"הַמְקַלֵּף שְׂעוֹרִים, מְקַלֵּף אַחַת אַחַת וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם קִלֵּף וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ, חַיָּב. הַמּוֹלֵל מְלִילוֹת שֶׁל חִטִּים, מְנַפֶּה מִיָּד לְיָד וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם נִפָּה וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ חֵיקוֹ, חַיָּב. כֻּסְבָּר שֶׁזְּרָעָהּ לְזֶרַע, יַרְקָהּ פָּטוּר. זְרָעָהּ לְיָרָק, מִתְעַשֶּׂרֶת זֶרַע וְיָרָק. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַשֶּׁבֶת מִתְעַשֶּׂרֶת זֶרַע וְיָרָק וְזֵירִין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מִתְעַשֵּׂר זֶרַע וְיָרָק אֶלָּא הַשַּׁחֲלַיִם וְהַגַּרְגִּיר בִּלְבָד: ",
|
60 |
+
"רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, תְּמָרוֹת שֶׁל תִּלְתָּן וְשֶׁל חַרְדָּל וְשֶׁל פּוֹל הַלָּבָן, חַיָּבוֹת בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַצָּלָף מִתְעַשֵּׂר תְּמָרוֹת וַאֲבִיּוֹנוֹת וְקַפְרָס. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין מִתְעַשֵּׂר אֶלָּא אֲבִיּוֹנוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן פֶּרִי: "
|
61 |
+
],
|
62 |
+
[
|
63 |
+
"הָעוֹקֵר שְׁתָלִים מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְנָטַע לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ, פָּטוּר. לָקַח בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע, פָּטוּר. לָקַט לִשְׁלֹחַ לַחֲבֵרוֹ, פָּטוּר. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יֵשׁ כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶם נִמְכָּרִים בַּשּׁוּק, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין: \n",
|
64 |
+
"הָעוֹקֵר לֶפֶת וּצְנוֹנוֹת מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְנוֹטֵעַ לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ לְזֶרַע, חַיָּב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא גָּרְנָן. בְּצָלִים, מִשֶּׁהִשְׁרִישׁוּ בָעֲלִיָּה, טָהֲרוּ מִלְּטַמֵּא. נָפְלָה עֲלֵיהֶם מַפֹּלֶת וְהֵם מְגֻלִּים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִּנְטוּעִים בַּשָּׂדֶה: \n",
|
65 |
+
"לֹא יִמְכֹּר אָדָם אֶת פֵּרוֹתָיו מִשֶׁבָּאוּ לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת לְמִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן עַל הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, וְלֹא בַשְּׁבִיעִית לְמִי שֶׁהוּא חָשׁוּד עַל הַשְּׁבִיעִית. וְאִם בִּכְּרוּ, נוֹטֵל אֶת הַבַּכּוּרוֹת וּמוֹכֵר אֶת הַשְּׁאָר: \n",
|
66 |
+
"לֹא יִמְכֹּר אָדָם אֶת תִּבְנוֹ וְאֶת גִּפְתּוֹ וְאֶת זַגָּיו לְמִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן עַל הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, לְהוֹצִיא מֵהֶן מַשְׁקִין. וְאִם הוֹצִיא, חַיָּב בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וּפָטוּר מִן הַתְּרוּמָה, שֶׁהַתּוֹרֵם, בְּלִבּוֹ עַל הַקְּטוּעִים, עַל הַצְּדָדִים וְעַל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹךְ הַתֶּבֶן: \n",
|
67 |
+
"הַלּוֹקֵחַ שְׂדֵה יָרָק בְּסוּרְיָא, אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, חַיָּב. וּמִשֶּׁבָּא לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, פָּטוּר, וְלוֹקֵט כְּדַרְכּוֹ וְהוֹלֵךְ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף יִשְׂכֹּר פּוֹעֲלִים וִילַקֵּט. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁקָּנָה קַרְקַע, אֲבָל בִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא קָנָה קַרְקַע, אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, פָּטוּר. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, אַף לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן: \n",
|
68 |
+
"הַמְתַמֵּד וְנָתַן מַיִם בַּמִּדָּה וּמָצָא כְדֵי מִדָּתוֹ, פָּטוּר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְחַיֵּב. מָצָא יוֹתֵר עַל כְּדֵי מִדָּתוֹ, מוֹצִיא עָלָיו מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן: \n",
|
69 |
+
"חוֹרֵי הַנְּמָלִים שֶׁלָּנוּ בְצַד הָעֲרֵמָה הַחַיֶּבֶת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִים, שֶׁיָּדוּעַ שֶׁמִּדָּבָר הַגָּמוּר הָיוּ גּוֹרְרִין כָּל הַלָּיְלָה: \n",
|
70 |
+
"שׁוּם בַּעַל בֶּכִי, וּב��צָל שֶׁל רִכְפָּא, וּגְרִיסִין הַקִּילְקִין, וְהָעֲדָשִׁים הַמִּצְרִיּוֹת, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף הַקַּרְקָס, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר אַף הַקּוּטְנִים, פְּטוּרִים מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, וְנִלְקָחִין מִכָּל אָדָם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. זֶרַע לוּף הָעֶלְיוֹן, זֶרַע כְּרֵשִׁים, זֶרַע בְּצָלִים, זֶרַע לֶפֶת וּצְנוֹנוֹת, וּשְׁאָר זֵרְעוֹנֵי גִנָּה שֶׁאֵינָן נֶאֱכָלִים, פְּטוּרִים מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, וְנִלְקָחִין מִכָּל אָדָם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֲבִיהֶן תְּרוּמָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֵאָכֵלוּ: \n"
|
71 |
+
]
|
72 |
+
],
|
73 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
74 |
+
"Chapter",
|
75 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
76 |
+
]
|
77 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Maasrot/Hebrew/merged.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
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|
1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Maasrot",
|
3 |
+
"language": "he",
|
4 |
+
"versionTitle": "merged",
|
5 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Maasrot",
|
6 |
+
"text": [
|
7 |
+
[
|
8 |
+
"כְּלָל אָמְרוּ בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, כָּל שֶׁהוּא אֹכֶל, וְנִשְׁמָר, וְגִדּוּלָיו מִן הָאָרֶץ, חַיָּב בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. וְעוֹד כְּלָל אַחֵר אָמְרוּ, כָּל שֶׁתְּחִלָּתוֹ אֹכֶל וְסוֹפוֹ אֹכֶל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹמְרוֹ לְהוֹסִיף אֹכֶל, חַיָּב קָטָן וְגָדוֹל. וְכָל שֶׁאֵין תְּחִלָּתוֹ אֹכֶל אֲבָל סוֹפוֹ אֹכֶל, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיֵּעָשֶׂה אֹכֶל: \n",
|
9 |
+
"מֵאֵימָתַי הַפֵּרוֹת חַיָּבוֹת בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. הַתְּאֵנִים, מִשֶּׁיַּבְחִילוּ. הָעֲנָבִים וְהָאֳבָשִׁים, מִשֶּׁהִבְאִישׁוּ. הָאוֹג וְהַתּוּתִים, מִשֶּׁיַּאְדִּימוּ. וְכָל הָאֲדֻמִּים, מִשֶּׁיַּאְדִּימוּ. הָרִמּוֹנִים, מִשֶּׁיִּמַּסּוּ. הַתְּמָרִים, מִשֶּׁיָּטִּילוּ שְׂאֹר. הָאֲפַרְסְקִים, מִשֶּׁיָּטִּילוּ גִידִים. הָאֱגוֹזִים, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשׂוּ מְגוּרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָאֱגוֹזִים וְהַשְּׁקֵדִים, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשׂוּ קְלִפָּה: \n",
|
10 |
+
"הֶחָרוּבִין, מִשֶּׁיִּנָּקֵדוּ. וְכָל הַשְּׁחוֹרִים, מִשֶּׁיִּנָּקְדוּ. הָאֲגָסִים וְהַקְּרֻסְטוֹמֵלִין וְהַפָּרִישִׁין וְהָעֻזְרָדִים, מִשֶּׁיִּקָּרֵחוּ. וְכָל הַלְּבָנִים, מִשֶּׁיִּקָּרֵחוּ. הַתִּלְתָּן, מִשֶּׁתְּצַמֵּחַ. הַתְּבוּאָה וְהַזֵּיתִים, מִשֶּׁיַּכְנִיסוּ שְׁלִישׁ: \n",
|
11 |
+
"וּבַיָּרָק, הַקִּשּׁוּאִין וְהַדְּלוּעִים וְהָאֲבַטִּיחִים וְהַמְּלָפְפוֹנוֹת, הַתַּפּוּחִים וְהָאֶתְרוֹגִין, חַיָּבִים גְּדוֹלִים וּקְטַנִּים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר אֶת הָאֶתְרוֹגִים בְּקָטְנָן. הַחַיָּב בַּשְּׁקֵדִים הַמָּרִים, פָּטוּר בַּמְּתוּקִים, הַחַיָּב בַּמְּתוּקִים, פָּטוּר בַּמָּרִים: \n",
|
12 |
+
"אֵיזֶהוּ גָּרְנָן לַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. הַקִּשּׁוּאִים וְהַדְּלוּעִים, מִשֶּׁיְּפַקְסוּ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְפַקֵּס, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. אֲבַטִּיחַ, מִשֶּׁיְּשַׁלֵּק. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּק, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה מֻקְצֶה. יָרָק הַנֶּאֱגָד, מִשֶּׁיֹּאגַד. אִם אֵינוֹ אוֹגֵד, עַד שֶׁיְּמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי, עַד שֶׁיְּלַקֵּט כָּל צָרְכּוֹ. כַּלְכָּלָה, עַד שֶׁיְּחַפֶּה. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְחַפֶּה, עַד שֶׁיְמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי, עַד שֶׁיְּלַקֵּט כָּל צָרְכּוֹ. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּמוֹלִיךְ לַשּׁוּק. אֲבָל בְּמוֹלִיךְ לְבֵיתוֹ, אוֹכֵל מֵהֶם עֲרַאי עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לְבֵיתוֹ: \n",
|
13 |
+
"הַפֶּרֶד וְהַצִּמּוּקִין וְהֶחָרוּבִין, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. הַבְּצָלִים, מִשֶּׁיְּפַקֵּל. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְפַקֵּל, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. הַתְּבוּאָה, מִשֶּׁיְּמָרֵחַ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְמָרֵחַ, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. הַקִּטְנִיּוֹת, מִשֶּׁיִּכְבֹּר. וְאִם אֵינוֹ כוֹבֵר, עַד שֶׁיְּמָרֵחַ. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמֵּרַח, נוֹטֵל מִן הַקֻּטָּעִים וּמִן הַצְּדָדִים וּמִמַּה שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ הַתֶּבֶן, וְאוֹכֵל: \n",
|
14 |
+
"הַיַּיִן, מִשֶּׁיְּקַפֶּה. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקִּפָּה, קוֹלֵט מִן הַגַּת הָעֶלְיוֹנָה וּמִן הַצִּנּוֹר, וְשׁוֹתֶה. הַשֶּׁמֶן, מִשֶּׁיֵּרֵד לָעוּקָה. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיָּרַד, נוֹטֵל מִן הֶעָקָל וּמִבֵּין הַמָּמָל וּמִבֵּין הַפַּצִּים, וְנוֹתֵן לַחֲמִטָּה וְלַתַּמְחוּי, אֲבָל לֹא יִתֵּן לַקְּדֵרָה וְלַלְּפָס כְּשֶׁהֵן רוֹתְחִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לַכֹּל הוּא נוֹתֵן, חוּץ מִדָּבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ חֹמֶץ וְצִיר: \n",
|
15 |
+
"הָעִגּוּל, מִשֶּׁיַּחֲלִיקֶנּוּ. מַחֲלִיקִים בִּתְאֵנִים וּבַעֲנָבִים שֶׁל טֶבֶל. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר. הַמַּחֲלִיק בַּעֲנָבִים, לֹא הֻכְשָׁר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הֻכְשָׁר. הַגְּרוֹגָרוֹת, מִשֶּׁיָּדוּשׁ. וּמְגוּרָה מִשֶּׁיְּעַגֵּל. הָיָה דָשׁ בֶּחָבִית וּמְעַגֵּל בַּמְּגוּרָה, נִשְׁבְּרָה הֶחָבִית וְנִפְתְּחָה הַמְּגוּרָה, לֹא יֹאכַל מֵהֶם עֲרָאי. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר: \n"
|
16 |
+
],
|
17 |
+
[
|
18 |
+
"הָיָה עוֹבֵר בַּשּׁוּק וְאָמַר, טְלוּ לָכֶם תְּאֵנִים, אוֹכְלִין וּפְטוּרִין. לְפִיכָךְ אִם הִכְנִיסוּ לְבָתֵּיהֶם, מְתַקְּנִים וַדָּאי. טְלוּ וְהַכְנִיסוּ לְבָתֵּיכֶם, לֹא יֹאכְלוּ מֵהֶם עֲרַאי. לְפִיכָךְ אִם הִכְנִיסוּ לְבָתֵּיהֶם, אֵינָם מְתַקְּנִים אֶלָּא דְמָאי: \n",
|
19 |
+
"הָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִין בַּשַּׁעַר אוֹ בַחֲנוּת, וְאָמַר, טְלוּ לָכֶם תְּאֵנִים, אוֹכְלִין וּפְטוּרִין, וּבַעַל הַשַּׁעַר וּבַעַל הַחֲנוּת חַיָּבִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹטֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּחֲזִיר אֶת פָּנָיו, אוֹ עַד שֶׁיְּשַׁנֶּה מְקוֹם יְשִׁיבָתוֹ: \n",
|
20 |
+
"הַמַּעֲלֶה פֵרוֹת מִן הַגָּלִיל לִיהוּדָה, אוֹ עוֹלֶה לִירוּשָׁלַיִם, אוֹכֵל מֵהֶם עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לְמָקוֹם שֶׁהוּא הוֹלֵךְ, וְכֵן בִּיהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לִמְקוֹם הַשְּׁבִיתָה. וְהָרוֹכְלִין הַמְּחַזְּרִין בָּעֲיָרוֹת, אוֹכְלִים עַד שֶׁמַּגִּיעִים לִמְקוֹם הַלִּינָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַבַּיִת הָרִאשׁוֹן הוּא בֵיתוֹ: \n",
|
21 |
+
"פֵּרוֹת שֶׁתְּרָמָן עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר מִלֶּאֱכֹל מֵהֶם עֲרַאי. וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין, חוּץ מִכַּלְכָּלַת תְּאֵנִים. כַּלְכָּלַת תְּאֵנִים שֶׁתְּרָמָהּ, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין: \n",
|
22 |
+
"הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, הֵילָךְ אִסָּר זֶה וְתֶן לִי בוֹ חָמֵשׁ תְּאֵנִים, לֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אוֹכֵל אַחַת אַחַת, פָּטוּר, וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, מַעֲשֶׂה בְגִנַּת וְרָדִים שֶׁהָיְתָה בִירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְהָיוּ תְאֵנִים נִמְכָּרוֹת מִשָּׁלֹשׁ וּמֵאַרְבַּע בְּאִסָּר, וְלֹא הֻפְרַשׁ מִמֶּנָּה תְרוּמָה וּמַעֲשֵׂר מֵעוֹלָם: \n",
|
23 |
+
"הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, הֵילָךְ אִסָּר זֶה בְּעֶשֶׂר תְּאֵנִים שֶׁאָבֹר לִי, בּוֹרֵר וְאוֹכֵל. בְּאֶשְׁכּוֹל שֶׁאָבֹר לִי, מְגַרְגֵּר וְאוֹכֵל. בְּרִמּוֹן שֶׁאָבֹר לִי, פּוֹרֵט וְאוֹכֵל. בַּאֲבַטִּיחַ שֶׁאָבֹר לִי, סוֹפֵת וְאוֹכֵל. אֲבָל אִם אָמַר לוֹ בְּעֶשְׂרִים תְּאֵנִים אֵלוּ, בִּשְׁנֵי אֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת אֵלוּ, בִּשְׁנֵי רִמּוֹנִים אֵלוּ, בִּשְׁנֵי אֲבַטִּיחִים אֵלוּ, אוֹכֵל כְּדַרְכּוֹ וּפָטוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁקָּנָה בִמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקָע: \n",
|
24 |
+
"הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַפּוֹעֵל לִקְצוֹת עִמּוֹ בִּתְאֵנִים, אָמַר לוֹ עַל מְנָת שֶׁאוֹכַל תְּאֵנִים, אוֹכֵל וּפָטוּר. עַל מְנָת שֶׁאוֹכַל אֲנִי וּבְנֵי בֵיתִי, אוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל בְּנִי בִּשְׂכָרִי, הוּא אוֹכֵל וּפָטוּר, וּבְנוֹ אוֹכֵל וְחַיָּב. עַל מְנָת שֶׁאוֹכַל בִּשְׁעַת הַקְּצִיעָה וּלְאַחַר הַקְּצִיעָה, בִּשְׁעַת הַקְּצִיעָה אוֹכֵל וּפָטוּר, וּלְאַחַר הַקְּצִיעָה אוֹכֵל וְחַיָּב, שֶׁאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַתּוֹרָה. זֶה הַכְּלָל, הָאוֹכֵל מִן הַתּוֹרָה, פָּטוּר, וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל מִן הַתּוֹרָה, חַיָּב: \n",
|
25 |
+
"הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה בִלְבָסִים, לֹא יֹאכַל בִּבְנוֹת שֶׁבַע. בִּבְנוֹת שֶׁבַע, לֹא יֹאכַל בִּלְבָסִים. אֲבָל מוֹנֵעַ הוּא אֶת עַצְמוֹ עַד שֶׁמַּגִּיעַ לִמְקוֹם הַיָּפוֹת וְאוֹכֵל. הַמַּחֲלִיף עִם חֲבֵרוֹ, זֶה לֶאֱכֹל וְזֶה לֶאֱכֹל, זֶה לִקְצוֹת וְזֶה לִקְצוֹת, זֶה לֶאֱכֹל וְזֶה לִקְצוֹת, חַיָּב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַמַּחֲלִיף לֶאֱכֹל, חַיָּב, וְלִקְצוֹת, פָּטוּר: \n"
|
26 |
+
],
|
27 |
+
[
|
28 |
+
"הַמַּעֲבִיר תְּאֵנִים בַּחֲצֵרוֹ לִקְצוֹת, בָּנָיו וּבְנֵי בֵיתוֹ אוֹכְלִין וּפְטוּרִין. הַפּוֹעֲלִים שֶׁעִמּוֹ, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת, אוֹכְלִין וּפְטוּרִין. אֲבָל אִם יֶשׁ לָהֶם עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לֹא יֹאכֵלוּ: \n",
|
29 |
+
"הַמּוֹצִיא פּוֹעֲלָיו לַשָּׂדֶה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת, אוֹכְלִין וּפְטוּרִין. וְאִם יֶשׁ לָהֶם עָלָיו מְזוֹנוֹת, אוֹכְלִין אַחַת אַחַת מִן הַתְּאֵנָה, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הַסַּל וְלֹא מִן הַקֻּפָּה וְלֹא מִן הַמֻּקְצֶה: \n",
|
30 |
+
"הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַפּוֹעֵל לַעֲשׂוֹת בְּזֵיתִים, אָמַר לוֹ עַל מְנָת לֶאֱכֹל זֵיתִים, אוֹכֵל אֶחָד אֶחָד וּפָטוּר. וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב. לְנַכֵּשׁ בִּבְצָלִים, אָמַר לוֹ עַל מְנָת לֶאֱכֹל יָרָק, מְקַרְטֵם עָלֶה עָלֶה וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב: \n",
|
31 |
+
"מָצָא קְצִיצוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ, אֲפִלּוּ בְצַד שְׂדֵה קְצִיצוֹת, וְכֵן תְּאֵנָה שֶׁהִיא נוֹטָה עַל דֶּרֶךְ, וּמָצָא תַחְתֶּיהָ תְּאֵנִים, מֻתָּרוֹת מִשּׁוּם גָּזֵל וּפְטוּרוֹת מִן הַמַּעֲשְׂרוֹת. וּבְזֵיתִים וּבְחָרוּבִים, חַיָּבִים. מָצָא גְרוֹגָרוֹת, אִם דָּרְסוּ רוֹב בְּנֵי אָדָם, חַיָּב, וְאִם לָאו, פָּטוּר. מָצָא פִלְחֵי דְבֵלָה, חַיָּב, שֶׁיָּדוּעַ שֶׁהֵן מִדָּבָר גָּמוּר. וְהֶחָרוּבִין, עַד שֶׁלֹּא כְנָסָן לְרֹאשׁ הַגַּג, מוֹרִיד מֵהֶם לִבְהֵמָה, פָּטוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַחֲזִיר אֶת הַמּוֹתָר: \n",
|
32 |
+
"אֵיזוֹ הִיא חָצֵר שֶׁהִיא חַיֶּבֶת בַּמַּעֲשְׂרוֹת, רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, חָצֵר הַצּוֹרִית, שֶׁהַכֵּלִים נִשְׁמָרִים בְּתוֹכָהּ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁאֶחָד פּוֹתֵחַ וְאֶחָד נוֹעֵל, פְּטוּרָה. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁאֵין אָדָם בּוֹשׁ מִלֶּאֱכֹל בְּתוֹכָהּ, חַיֶּבֶת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁנִּכְנָס לָהּ וְאֵין אוֹמֵר מָה אַתָּה מְבַקֵּשׁ, פְּטוּרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שְׁנֵי חֲצֵרוֹת זוֹ לִפְנִים מִזּוֹ, הַפְּנִימִית חַיֶּבֶת, וְהַחִיצוֹנָה פְּטוּרָה: \n",
|
33 |
+
"הַגַּגּוֹת פְּטוּרִין, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵם שֶׁל חָצֵר הַחַיָּבֶת. בֵּית שַׁעַר, אַכְסַדְרָה וּמִרְפֶּסֶת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כֶּחָצֵר, אִם חַיֶּבֶת, חַיָּבִין, וְאִם פְּטוּרָה, פְּטוּרִים: \n",
|
34 |
+
"הַצְּרִיפִין וְהַבֻּרְגָּנִין וְהָאֶלְקָטִיּוֹת, פְּטוּרִין. סֻכַּת גִּנּוֹסַר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ רֵחַיִם וְתַרְנְגוֹלִים, פְּטוּרָה. סֻכַּת הַיּוֹצְרִים, הַפְּנִימִית חַיֶּבֶת, וְהַחִיצוֹנָה פְּטוּרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁאֵינָהּ דִּירַת הַחַמָּה וְדִירַת הַגְּשָׁמִים, פְּטוּרָה. סֻכַּת הֶחָג בֶּחָג, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְחַיֵּב, וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹטְרִין: \n",
|
35 |
+
"תְּאֵנָה שֶׁהִיא עוֹמֶדֶת בֶּחָצֵר, אוֹכֵל אַחַת אַחַת וּפָטוּר. וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַחַת בִּימִינוֹ וְאַחַת בִּשְׂמֹאלוֹ וְאַחַת בְּפִיו. עָלָה לְרֹאשָׁהּ, מְמַלֵּא חֵיקוֹ וְאוֹכֵל: \n",
|
36 |
+
"גֶּפֶן שֶׁהִיא נְטוּעָה בֶחָצֵר, נוֹטֵל אֶת כָּל הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל. וְכֵן בְּרִמּוֹן, וְכֵן בַּאֲבַטִּיחַ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מְגַרְגֵּר בָּאֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת, וּפוֹרֵט בָּרִמּוֹן, וְסוֹפֵת בָּאֲבַטִּיחַ. כֻּסְבָּר שֶׁהִיא זְרוּעָה בֶחָצֵר, מְקַרְטֵם עָלֶה עָלֶה וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב. הַסֵּאָה וְהָאֵזוֹב וְהַקּוֹרָנִית שֶׁבֶּחָצֵר, אִם הָיוּ נִשְׁמָרִים, חַיָּבִין: \n",
|
37 |
+
"תְּאֵנָה שֶׁהִיא עוֹמֶדֶת בֶּחָצֵר וְנוֹטָה לַגִּנָּה, אוֹכֵל כְּדַרְכּוֹ וּפָטוּר. עוֹמֶדֶת בַּגִּנָּה וְנוֹטָה לֶחָצֵר, אוֹכֵל אַחַת אַחַת, פָּטוּר. וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב. עוֹמֶדֶת בָּאָרֶץ וְנוֹטָה לְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ וְנוֹטָה לָאָרֶץ, הַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הָעִקָּר. וּבְבָתֵּי עָרֵי חוֹמָה, הַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הָעִקָּר. וּבְעָרֵי מִקְלָט, הַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הַנּוֹף. וּבִירוּשָׁלַיִם, הַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הַנּוֹף: \n"
|
38 |
+
],
|
39 |
+
[
|
40 |
+
"הַכּוֹבֵשׁ, הַשּׁוֹלֵק, הַמּוֹלֵחַ, חַיָּב. הַמְכַמֵּן בָּאֲדָמָה, פָּטוּר. הַמְטַבֵּל בַּשָּׂדֶה, פָּטוּר. הַפּוֹצֵעַ זֵיתִים שֶׁיֵּצֵא מֵהֶם הַשְּׂרָף, פָּטוּר. הַסּוֹחֵט זֵיתִים עַל בְּשָׂרוֹ, פָּטוּר. אִם סָחַט וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ, חַיָּב. הַמְקַפֵּא לְתַבְשִׁיל, פָּטוּר. לִקְדֵרָה, חַיָּב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְבוֹר קָטָן: ",
|
41 |
+
"תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁטָּמְנוּ תְאֵנִים לְשַׁבָּת, וְשָׁכְחוּ לְעַשְּׂרָן, לֹא יֹאכְלוּ לְמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת עַד שֶׁיְּעַשְּׂרוּ. כַּלְכָּלַת שַׁבָּת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹטְרִין וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַלּוֹקֵט אֶת הַכַּלְכָּלָה לִשְׁלֹחַ לַחֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיִּתְעַשֵּׂר: ",
|
42 |
+
"הַנּוֹטֵל זֵיתִים מִן הַמַּעֲטָן, טוֹבֵל אֶחָד אֶחָד בְּמֶלַח וְאוֹכֵל. אִם מָלַח וְנָתַן לְפָנָיו, חַיָּב. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מִן הַמַּעֲטָן הַטָּהוֹר חַיָּב, וּמִן הַטָּמֵא פָּטוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַחֲזִיר אֶת הַמּוֹתָר: ",
|
43 |
+
"שׁוֹתִים עַל הַגַּת, בֵּין עַל הַחַמִּין בֵּין עַל הַצּוֹנֵן פָּטוּר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי צָדוֹק מְחַיֵּב. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַל הַחַמִּין חַיָּב, וְעַל הַצּוֹנֵן פָּטוּר: ",
|
44 |
+
"הַמְקַלֵּף שְׂעוֹרִים, מְקַלֵּף אַחַת אַחַת וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם קִלֵּף וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ, חַיָּב. הַמּוֹלֵל מְלִילוֹת שֶׁל חִטִּים, מְנַפֶּה מִיָּד לְיָד וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם נִפָּה וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ חֵיקוֹ, חַיָּב. כֻּסְבָּר שֶׁזְּרָעָהּ לְזֶרַע, יַרְקָהּ פָּטוּר. זְרָעָהּ לְיָרָק, מִתְעַשֶּׂרֶת זֶרַע וְיָרָק. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַשֶּׁבֶת מִתְעַשֶּׂרֶת זֶרַע וְיָרָק וְזֵירִין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מִתְעַשֵּׂר זֶרַע וְיָרָק אֶלָּא הַשַּׁחֲלַיִם וְהַגַּרְגִּיר בִּלְבָד: ",
|
45 |
+
"רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, תְּמָרוֹת שֶׁל תִּלְתָּן וְשֶׁל חַרְדָּל וְשֶׁל פּוֹל הַלָּבָן, חַיָּבוֹת בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַצָּלָף מִתְעַשֵּׂר תְּמָרוֹת וַאֲבִיּוֹנוֹת וְקַפְרָס. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין מִתְעַשֵּׂר אֶלָּא אֲבִיּוֹנוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן פֶּרִי: "
|
46 |
+
],
|
47 |
+
[
|
48 |
+
"הָעוֹקֵר שְׁתָלִים מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְנָטַע לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ, פָּטוּר. לָקַח בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע, פָּטוּר. לָקַט לִשְׁלֹחַ לַחֲבֵרוֹ, פָּטוּר. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יֵשׁ כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶם נִמְכָּרִים בַּשּׁוּק, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִין: \n",
|
49 |
+
"הָעוֹקֵר לֶפֶת וּצְנוֹנוֹת מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ וְנוֹטֵעַ לְתוֹךְ שֶׁלּוֹ לְזֶרַע, חַיָּב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא גָּרְנָן. בְּצָלִים, מִשֶּׁהִשְׁרִישׁוּ בָעֲלִיָּה, טָהֲרוּ מִלְּטַמֵּא. נָפְלָה עֲלֵיהֶם מַפֹּלֶת וְהֵם מְגֻלִּים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ כִּנְטוּעִים בַּשָּׂדֶה: \n",
|
50 |
+
"לֹא יִמְכֹּר אָדָם אֶת פֵּרוֹתָיו מִשֶׁבָּאוּ לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת לְמִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן עַל הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, וְלֹא בַשְּׁבִיעִית לְמִי שֶׁהוּא חָשׁוּד עַל הַשְּׁבִיעִית. וְאִם בִּכְּרוּ, נוֹטֵל אֶת הַבַּכּוּרוֹת וּמוֹכֵר אֶת הַשְּׁאָר: \n",
|
51 |
+
"לֹא יִמְכֹּר אָדָם אֶת תִּבְנוֹ וְאֶת גִּפְתּוֹ וְאֶת זַגָּיו לְמִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן עַל הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, לְהוֹצִיא מֵהֶן מַשְׁקִין. וְאִם הוֹצִיא, חַיָּב בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וּפָטוּר מִן הַתְּרוּמָה, שֶׁהַתּוֹרֵם, בְּלִבּוֹ עַל הַקְּטוּעִים, עַל הַצְּדָדִים וְעַל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹךְ הַתֶּבֶן: \n",
|
52 |
+
"הַלּוֹקֵחַ שְׂדֵה יָרָק בְּסוּרְיָא, אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, חַיָּב. וּמִשֶּׁבָּא לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, פָּטוּר, וְלוֹקֵט כְּדַרְכּוֹ וְהוֹלֵךְ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף יִשְׂכֹּר פּוֹעֲלִים וִילַקֵּט. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁקָּנָה קַרְקַע, אֲבָל בִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא קָנָה קַרְקַע, אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, פָּטוּר. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, אַף לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן: \n",
|
53 |
+
"הַמְתַמֵּד וְנָתַן מַיִם בַּמִּדָּה וּמָצָא כְדֵי מִדָּתוֹ, פָּטוּר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְחַיֵּב. מָצָא יוֹתֵר עַל כְּדֵי מִדָּתוֹ, מוֹצִיא עָלָיו מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן: \n",
|
54 |
+
"חוֹרֵי הַנְּמָלִים שֶׁלָּנוּ בְצַד הָעֲרֵמָה הַחַיֶּבֶת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חַיָּבִים, שֶׁיָּדוּעַ שֶׁמִּדָּבָר הַגָּמוּר הָיוּ גּוֹרְרִין כָּל הַלָּיְלָה: \n",
|
55 |
+
"שׁוּם בַּעַל בֶּכִי, וּבָצָל שֶׁל רִכְפָּא, וּגְרִיסִין הַקִּילְקִין, וְהָעֲדָשִׁים הַמִּצְרִיּוֹת, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף הַקַּרְקָס, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר אַף הַקּוּטְנִים, פְּטוּרִים מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, וְנִלְקָחִין מִכָּל אָדָם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. זֶרַע ��וּף הָעֶלְיוֹן, זֶרַע כְּרֵשִׁים, זֶרַע בְּצָלִים, זֶרַע לֶפֶת וּצְנוֹנוֹת, וּשְׁאָר זֵרְעוֹנֵי גִנָּה שֶׁאֵינָן נֶאֱכָלִים, פְּטוּרִים מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, וְנִלְקָחִין מִכָּל אָדָם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֲבִיהֶן תְּרוּמָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֵאָכֵלוּ: \n"
|
56 |
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|
57 |
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json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/English/Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
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{
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"language": "en",
|
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"title": "Mishnah Orlah",
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"versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002182155/NLI",
|
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"versionTitle": "Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr]",
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"Mishnah",
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"text": [
|
19 |
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[
|
20 |
+
"Si l’on plante un arbre pour qu’il serve de haie<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Sota 43b.</i>, ou pour en faire des poutres, ses fruits des premières années ne sont pas sacrés. R. Yossé dit: si même dans un seul arbre on destine la branche intérieure à la consommation et l’extérieure pour servir de haie, l’intérieure seule est soumise à l’orla, non l’extérieure.",
|
21 |
+
"A l’époque où nos ancêtres sont arrivés en Palestine et où ils ont trouvé de jeunes arbres, les fruits étaient permis; mais les fruits d’un arbre planté avant l’achèvement de la conquête sont interdits. L’arbre planté (dans un champ isolé) à l’usage de tous<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Pessahim 23a.</i> reste soumis à l’orla; selon R. Juda, il en est dispensé. L’arbre planté sur la voie publique (à l’usage d’un seul) ou planté par un idolâtre, ou par un voleur, ou dans un bateau, ou ayant poussé spontanément<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Sota 43b.</i> est soumis à l’orla.",
|
22 |
+
"Lorsqu’un arbre (ayant plus de 3 ans) a été déraciné par le vent avec la terre qui l’entoure, ou si une inondation l’a entraîné avec la terre (et qu’on la planté ailleurs), au cas où il peut continuer à vivre ainsi, les fruits son dispensés; au cas contraire, c’est une nouvelle plantation, et les fruits sont interdits. Si la terre à été dénudée d’un côté; ou si la charrue en passant à découvert les racine (sans les arracher), ou si l’arbre même, par sa croissance, a dénudé ses racines de la terre, au cas où il peut continuer à vivre en cet état, les fruits sont dispensés; au cas contraire, les fruits sont interdits.",
|
23 |
+
"Lorsqu’un arbre a été déraciné et qu’il reste encore une racine en terre, les fruits sont permis (ce n’est pas une nouvelle plantation). Quelle devra être la grandeur de cette racine? Selon R. Simon b. Gamliel au nom de R. Eleazar b. Juda, habitant de Bartotha, fut-elle de la grosseur d’une aiguille de tisserand, elle suffit.",
|
24 |
+
"Lorsqu’un arbre déraciné était pourvu de provignement et qu’il vit désormais de cette nouvelle souche, l’ancien tronc prend le même titre (au point de vue de l’âge) que le provin (et tous 2 seront jeunes). Si l’on a renouvelé le provin plusieurs années de suite et qu’à un moment l’on a cessé, on compte les 3 années de plantation à partir du moment de la cessation. Quant aux vignes rattachées par la greffe, ou les ceps attachés à ce lieu, si même ils sont provignés, leurs fruits n’étant pas nouveaux sont permis. R. Meir dit: si elles ont une force vive (et tirent leur suc du premier plant), les fruits sont permis; au cas contraire, ils sont interdits. De même, lorsqu’on a coupé un provin plein de fruits, il sont permis de suite; si l’on attend une addition de 200 fruits, ils sont interdits.",
|
25 |
+
"Lorsque des plants d’orla<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Gitin 54b.</i>, ou de mélange interdit de vigne, ont été mêlés à des plants ordinaires (que leur disposition ne permet plus de distinguer), on ne peut pas les cueillir (tout est interdit); si la vendange est faite, elle s’annule dans une proportion de 201, pourvu que ce soit fait par mégarde. Selon R. Yossé, on peut même en connaissance de cause vendanger et l’annuler dans une quantité de 201.",
|
26 |
+
"Les feuilles et les branches de palmiers, la sève des ceps (lors de la taille), les bourgeons<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Cf. Même série, (Nazir 6, 2) ( 55a); Babli, Berakhot 36b.\"</i>, ne sont pas susceptibles d’orla et permis; on peut les manger partout en la 4e année, et ils sont accessibles au naziréen (n’étant pas des fruits); ils ne sont interdits que sur l’arbre de l’Ashéra (des idolâtres). Selon R. Yossé, le bourgeon est interdit comme essence du futur fruit. R. Eliézer dit<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Nida, 8b.</i>: il est interdit de coaguler du lait dans de la sève d’arbres d’orla. R. Josué raconte<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Avoda Zara 35b.</i> avoir entendu dire expressément qu’il est permis de le coaguler dans la sève des feuilles, ou dans celle du tronc, mais non dans celle des fruits hâtifs, parce qu’ils sont considérés comme fruits.",
|
27 |
+
"Le verjus<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Le raisin ne mûrissant pas en entier. Ce terme dérive peut-être de grec: kuklos.</i>, les pépins, la peau et le jus du raisin, l’écorce de la grenade et sa fleur<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Berakhot 36b.</i>, la cosse de noix, ou d’autres noyaux de fruits, sont interdits dans les 3 premières années, ou s’ils proviennent d’un arbre d’ashéra, et le nazir ne peut pas en manger; mais en la 4e année, on les mange en tous lieux (et non à Jérusalem seule). Dans tous ces cas, les fruits tombant spontanément sont interdits.",
|
28 |
+
"R. Yossé dit: il est permis de planter une branche d’un arbre d’orla, mais non une noix d’orla, parce que c’est un fruit<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Avoda Zara 48b.</i>. Il n’est pas permis non plus de greffer une branche d’orla couverte de dattes non mûres (Kafour)<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Berakhot 57b (trad. T. Ier, p. 468).</i>."
|
29 |
+
],
|
30 |
+
[
|
31 |
+
"L’oblation sacerdotale et celle de la dîme (ou 100e) des fruits<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Cf. (Terumot 4, 7); Meïla, 4, 3.\"</i> soumis au doute, la Halla, les prémices, sont annulées en cas de mélange à une quantité 101 fois supérieure; on les compte ensemble au cas où ces objets interdits réunis forment plus de 101e de la partie (de façon à ne pas l’annuler). En tous cas, il faut prélever de l’ensemble pour le cohen l’équivalent de ce qui y est tombé (avant que chacun en mange). Les produits d’orla et des mélanges interdits de la vigne ne s’annulent que dans une quantité 201 fois supérieure<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Cf. Babli, (Avoda Zara 68b); Mishna, Meïla, 4, 6.\"</i>; et on les réunit pour réduire la proportion du mélange, mais il n’est pas nécessaire (en cas de mélange annulé) de prélever l’équivalent. Selon R. Simon, on ne joint pas les parties interdites. R. Eliézer dit: on les réunit et on ne les considère pas comme nulles si le mets où les produits cuisent en conserve le goût: mais on ne les réunit pas de façon à ce que qu’à sec on exige, sous peine d’interdit, une proportion de 201.",
|
32 |
+
"L’oblation sera jointe au profane pour annuler proportionnellement l’orla; et celle-ci sera jointe de même pour annuler l’oblation. En quel cas? Lorsque p. ex. un saa d’oblation est tombé dans une quantité de cent saas profanes et qu’ensuite 3 cab d’orla se mêlent au tout, ou 3 cab de produits hétérogènes de la vigne; en ce cas le tout est annulé, parce que l’oblation a été ajoutée pour annuler l’orla, et celle-ci pour annuler l’oblation.",
|
33 |
+
"L’orla peut servir à absorber les mélanges hétérogènes, ou ceux-ci à annuler l’orla, et enfin cette dernière contribuera à annuler des produits de 4e année. En quel cas? Lorsqu’un saa d’orla sera tombé dans 200 saa semblables et qu’ensuite il s’y est mêlé un peu plus d’un saa d’orla, ou un peu plus d’un saa de produits hétérogènes de la vigne; en ce cas le tout est annulé, puisque l’orla contribue à absorber le mélange hétérogène, celui-ci absorbe l’orla, comme cette dernière annule le produit.",
|
34 |
+
"Tout ce qui est soit fermenté, soit épicé, soit mélangé, avec de l’oblation ou avec de l’orla, ou avec des mélanges hétérogènes, devient interdit par le contact. Shammaï dit: la levure ou l’épice propage aussi l’impureté par le goût (malgré leur exiguïté). Selon Hillel, au contraire, nul objet ne peut transmettre l’impureté s’il n’a au moins la taille d’un œuf.",
|
35 |
+
"Dustaï, habitant du village d’Yetmah<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Cf. Zunz, Itinerary of Benjamin, etc. (éd. Ascher), notes, t. 2, P. 425; et l'identification proposée par M. Neubauer, Géographie, p. 269.\"</i>, un des disciples de l’école de Shammaï, dit avoir entendu exposer par Shammaï l’ancien, que jamais un objet ne peut transmettre l’impureté sans avoir au moins la taille d’un œuf.",
|
36 |
+
"En quel cas est-il dit<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Hulin 99a.</i>, que si l’on se sert de levure d’oblation, ou d’épices d’oblation, ou de mélange d’oblation, on suit pour tout cela un avis sévère? lorsqu’il s’agit de la même espèce. Et quand a-t-on dit que tantôt on suit l’avis facile, et tantôt le sévère? C’est lorsqu’il s’agit de deux espèces distinctes. Voici dans quel cas on applique la 1re règle: lorsque de la levure de froment se trouve mêlée à une pâte de froment et qu’il y a de quoi la fermenter (lui communiquer le goût), sans se préoccuper si la quantité dépasse 101 pour annuler le tout, c’est interdit; s’il n’y a pas une quantité 101 fois supérieure pour annuler le tout numériquement, on ne se préoccupe plus de savoir s’il y a propagation de goût par la fermentation, et c’est interdit.",
|
37 |
+
"Voici en quel cas on suit tantôt un avis plus facile, tantôt un avis plus sévère, en présence des deux espèces distinctes: lorsque p. ex. des fèves d’oblation ont été cuites avec des lentilles profanes et qu’il y ait communication du goût des fèves, c’est interdit, sans se préoccuper de savoir s’il y a ou non une quantité 101 fois supérieure pouvant annuler le reste. Au cas où il n’y a pas communication de goût, sans se préoccuper de la quantité proportionnelle, c’est permis.",
|
38 |
+
"Lorsque dans une pâte ordinaire il et tombé de la levure profane, assez pour fermenter la pâte, et qu’ensuite il y tombe une quantité égale en valeur de levure d’oblation, ou de levure provenant de mélanges hétérogènes de la vigne, c’est interdit.",
|
39 |
+
"Lorsque de la levure profane est tombée dans une pâte<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Avoda zara 68a.</i> et qu’après la fermentation il y est tombé de la levure d’oblation, ou de la levure provenant des mélanges hétérogènes, en quantité semblable, c’est interdit; selon R. Simon, c’est permis (la pâte ayant fermenté).",
|
40 |
+
"Les épices interdites pour 2 ou 3 causes<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Si une épice est interdite à titre d'Orla une autre à cause de sa provenance de l'Aschéra, et une 3e étant comme oblation. Cf. Babli, Shabat 89b; Avoda Zara 66a. Maïmonide cite comme exemple une épice (plantae species cui granum odoratum, selon Kamous; ou cassia selon Forsk), dont il y a 2 espèces: l'une grande, l'autre petite.\"</i>, soit d’une même espèce, soit de plusieurs, sont interdites, et on les réunit pour équilibrer la quantité proportionnelle qui devrait les annuler. R. Simon dit: si les épices interdites par 2 ou 3 causes sont d’une seule espèce, ou si ce sont 2 espèces interdites pour une seule cause, on ne les réunit pas (et chacune s’annule proportionnellement au tout).",
|
41 |
+
"Si de la levure profane et une autre d’oblation sont tombées dans une pâte<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Cf. Babli, Temoura 12a; Pessahim 26b; Avoda Zara 49a et 73b.\"</i>, chacune d’elles étant insuffisante isolément pour fermenter la pâte mais dont la réunion produit cet effet, il faut, selon R. Eliézer, se guider d’après la seconde levure mêlée (et, si elle est d’oblation, le tout est interdit ou profane). Selon les autres sages, il importe peu que la levure interdite y soit tombée la première, ou non; en tous cas, elle n’entraîne l’interdit que si elle suffit à fermenter la pâte.",
|
42 |
+
"Yoëzer, habitant du château fort, un des disciples de l’école de Shammaï, raconte avoir interrogé à ce sujet R. Gamliel l’ancien, qui se tenait à la porte orientale, et celui-ci lui a répondu (comme les sages): elle n’entraîne jamais l’interdit que si elle suffit à fermenter la pâte.",
|
43 |
+
"Si l’on a enduit des vêtements de peau avec de l’huile impure et qu’ensuite on les enduit avec de l’huile pure, ou si l’on a opéré à l’inverse, se servant d’abord de la pure, puis de l’impure, on se dirige, selon R. Eliézer, d’après la 1re huile employée<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> En faisant usage desdits vêtements, cette huile sort et rend les mains impures.</i>; selon les autres sages, c’est la dernière qui l’emporte.",
|
44 |
+
"Lorsque de la levure d’oblation et une autre provenant de mélanges hétérogènes de la vigne sont tombés dans la pâte, chacune d’elles étant insuffisante isolément pour fermenter la pâte, mais dont la réunion produit cet effet, la pâte devient interdite aux étrangers et permise seulement aux cohanim; R. Simon en autorise l’usage aussi bien aux étrangers qu’aux cohanim.",
|
45 |
+
"Lorsque des épices d’oblation et d’autres provenant de mélanges hétérogènes de la vigne sont tombées dans un mets en cuisson, chaque part étant insuffisante isolément pour aromatiser le mets, mais dont la réunion produira cet effet, le mets sera interdit aux étrangers et permis seulement aux cohanim; selon R. Simon, il sera permis aux uns et aux autres.",
|
46 |
+
"Lorsqu’avec des morceaux de sainteté supérieure, il se trouve que l’on a cuit des morceaux interdits, tels que des sacrifices rejetés<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Les victimes sacrifiées avec l'intention interdite d'enmanger plus de 3 jours.</i>, ou des reliquats tardifs (ayant plus de 3 jours), ils sont interdits aux étrangers (en raison de la conjonction des défenses), mais permis aux cohanim. R. Simon en permet l’usage à tous.",
|
47 |
+
"Lorsque la viande de sainteté supérieure<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Interdites aux profanes même purs.</i> et celle d’ordre inférieur<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Interdite seulement aux impurs.</i> ont été cuites avec de l’ordinaire, l’usage en est interdit aux étrangers impurs (en raison de la jonction des 2 saintetés), mais permis aux gens purs."
|
48 |
+
],
|
49 |
+
[
|
50 |
+
"Une étoffe teinte de l’écorce provenant d’orla<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Baba Qama 10a.</i> doit être brûlée; si elle a été mêlée à d’autres, il faut les brûler toutes. Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Selon les autres sages, l’interdit est annulé dans 201 parts semblables (et le tout est permis).",
|
51 |
+
"Si l’on teinte un fil long comme l’intervalle de 2 doigts avec de l’écorce d’orla, qu’on l’a tissé dans l’étoffe et que l’on ne reconnaît plus ce fil, il faut, selon R. Meir, brûler toute l’étoffe; selon les autres sages, il disparaît dans une proportion de 201.",
|
52 |
+
"Lorsque l’on tisse dans une étoffe un fil long comme l’intervalle de 2 doigts<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Bali, Temoura 134a.</i> avec de la laine du premier-né d’animaux (dû aux cohanim), il faut brûler l’étoffe. Si l’on emploie la même quantité de cheveux d’un naziréen, ou des poils d’un rejeton de l’âne, dans la confection d’un sac, il faut brûler ce sac. Dans d’autres objets consacrés (qui peuvent être rachetés), le moindre mélange produit la sainteté (et nécessite le rachat).",
|
53 |
+
"Si l’on a cuit un mets en y joignant de l’écorce d’orla, il faut le brûler; s’il est mêlé à d’autres, il s’annule dans une proportion de 201.",
|
54 |
+
"Lorsqu’un four a été chauffé avec de l’écorce d’orla<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Pessahim 27a.</i> et qu’ensuite on y a cuit du pain, il faut brûler ce pain; s’il est mêlé à d’autres, il s’annule dans une proportion de 201.",
|
55 |
+
"Si l’on a des bottes de fenugrec provenant de mélanges hétérogènes de la vigne, il faut les brûler; s’ils se mêlent à d’autres, il faut brûler le tout selon R. Meir: mais, selon les autres sages, elles s’annulent dans une proportion de 201.",
|
56 |
+
"Or, R. Meir dit: ce que l’on a l’habitude de céder en le comptant (en raison de sa valeur) sanctifie le reste; selon les autres sages, il n’y a que 6 produits en ce cas; selon R. aqiba ce sont sept. Les 6 produits sont: des noix tendres de Ferekh<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Cf. Betsa, 3b; Yebamot 31a; Zevahim 72a.\"</i>, des grenades de Badan<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Noms de localités.</i>, des tonneaux de vin fermés, des feuilles de bette, des tiges (caules) de chou, de la courge grecque. R. aqiba y ajoute un 7e, les grosses miches de pain du ménage. Ce qui parmi ces produits tombe sous le coup de l’orla rend tout sacré comme telle ainsi que les provenances des mélanges hétérogènes de la vigne<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Avoda Zara 74a.</i>.",
|
57 |
+
"En quel cas (au lieu de sanctifier tout), s’annulent-ils? Lorsque les noix se sont fendues, ou que les grenades ont été dépecées, ou les tonneaux ouverts, ou les courges coupées, ou les miches de pain divisées (avant le mélange), ils s’annulent dans une proportion de 201.",
|
58 |
+
"Les fruits pour lesquels il y a doute d’orla (dont l’âge est inconnu) sont interdits en Palestine et permis dans le pays voisin de Syrie<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> \"Cf. Babli, Berakhot 36a; Qidushin 38b.\"</i>. Toute à fait au dehors, on peut même descendre au jardin en acheter, pourvu que l’on ne voie pas qu’ils viennent d’être coupés (ce qui serait interdit). Si dans une vigne on a planté un légume vert (mélange interdit) et qu’au dehors de la vigne on vende du légume semblable, il est interdit en Palestine, et permis en Syrie; tout à fait au dehors, on peut même l’acheter dans la vigne, à condition de ne pas les couper à la main. Le fruit nouveau est légalement interdit partout (avant l’omer); la prescription de l’orla est une règle qui remonte à Moïse; enfin le mélange de la vigne est une défense rabbinique."
|
59 |
+
]
|
60 |
+
],
|
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+
"sectionNames": [
|
62 |
+
"Chapter",
|
63 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
64 |
+
]
|
65 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json
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{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Orlah",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002378149/NLI",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
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|
8 |
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"license": "Public Domain",
|
9 |
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"versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.<br>Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.<br>Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.<br>Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.<br>Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.<br>Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.",
|
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|
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"direction": "ltr",
|
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"heTitle": "משנה ערלה",
|
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"categories": [
|
18 |
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"Mishnah",
|
19 |
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"Seder Zeraim"
|
20 |
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],
|
21 |
+
"text": [
|
22 |
+
[
|
23 |
+
"Wenn man Bäume als Hecke oder zur Holznutzung anpflanzt, ist man nicht zur <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> verpflichtet. R. Jose sagt: Selbst wenn Einer<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Bei einem und demselben Baume.</i> ausdrücklich den innern Teil zum Genusse und den äussern zur Hecke bestimmt, ist nur jener pflichtig, dieser aber frei.",
|
24 |
+
"Zur Zeit als unsere Vorfahren ins Land kamen, war der bereits gepflanzt vorgefundene Baum frei; aber den man pflanzte, selbst ehe das Land ganz erobert worden, war pflichtig. Wenn Jemand<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Im eignen Felde einen Baum.</i> zum Genüsse für Jedermann pflanzt, muss er <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> dabei beachten. R. Jehudah erklärt ihn davon frei. Was man auf einem freien Platz gepflanzt, was ein Götzendiener, oder ein unrechtmässiger Besitzer gepflanzt hat, was man in einem Schiffe<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nämlich entweder in einem durchlöcherten, hölzernen Kahn, oder in einem von Tonerde.</i> gepflanzt hat, und was<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Im Felde eines Eigentümers.</i> von selbst wächst, unterliegt alles der <span dir=\"ltr\">ערלה</span>. ",
|
25 |
+
"Wenn ein Baum<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der bereits die Zeit der <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> zurückgelegt hatte.</i> mit seinem festen Wurzelboden fortgerissen oder durch einen Strom fortgeschwemmt wurde, so ist er, wenn er so aus seinem Wurzelboden weiter wachsen könnte, frei; wo nickt, so ist an ihm <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> zu beobachten. Ist nur der Wurzelboden fortgerissen, oder hat die Pflugschar den Baum erschüttert, oder hat man ihn sonst locker geschüttelt und wieder mit Erde bedeckt, so ist er, wenn er in dem Zustande hätte weiter wachsen können, frei; wo nicht, ist <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> an ihm zu beobachten.",
|
26 |
+
"Ein Baum, der ausgerissen wurde, ist frei, wenn nur eine Wurzel davon fest bleibt. Wie stark muss diese Wurzel sein? Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel sagt, im Namen des R. Elieser ben Jehudah aus Bartota: So stark wie die Spitze am Webebaum<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Andere verstehen darunter den Weberhaken zum Glätten des Aufzugs beim Webestuhl.</i>. ",
|
27 |
+
"Wenn ein Baum ausgerissen wurde, aber einen Ableger hat, von welchem er nunmehr Säfte zieht, so wird der alte Baum gleich dem Ableger<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Und nach diesem gerechnet.</i>. Macht man Ableger von Jahr zu Jahr<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Immer einen neuen aus dem vorigen Ableger.</i>, und der erste wird abgerissen, so zählt man<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die drei Jahre.</i> vom Augenblicke des Losreissens für alle. Die Durchziehung der Reben durch einander<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Eine Art von Impfung der Reben, ohne dass sie abgeschnitten werden.</i> und wiederholte Durchziehung, selbst wenn man die durchgezogenen Reben unter der Erde ablegt, ist nicht einer abermaligen <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> unterworfen. R. Meïr sagt: Nur wenn die Reben auf den Ableger ihren Einfluss zeigen, wenn dies nicht aber der Fall ist, so ist <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> dabei zu beobachten. Ferner, wenn ein Ableger, der abgerissen worden und voller Früchte hing, um ein Zweihundertstel zugenommen hat, so ist dessen Frucht als <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> anzusehen. ",
|
28 |
+
"Wenn eine Pflanzung, die <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> ist, oder die <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> am Weinberge war, mit andern Pflanzungen vermengt wurde<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> So, dass man sie nicht kennt.</i>, so darf man die Früchte nicht sammeln, und wenn es geschehen ist, so gehen sie unter zweihundert und einem auf, vorausgesetzt, dass man nicht absichtlich dazu sammelt. R. Jose sagt: Man darf auch absichtlich sammeln, damit es in zweihundert und einem aufgehe. ",
|
29 |
+
"Blätter und Knospen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Oder Triebe.</i>, das Wasser der Rebe und die Blüte sind in der <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> - Zeit erlaubt und im vierten Jahre<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ausserhalb Jerusalems zu geniessen.</i> und selbst dem Entaltsamen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dem <span dir=\"rtl\">נזיר</span>, dem der Wein verboten ist.</i> gestattet; dagegen vom Baum im Götzenhaine<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der angebetet wird.</i>, verboten. R. Jose sagt: die Blüte ist verboten, da sie die Frucht ist. — R. Elieser sagt: Wenn Jemand Milch durch Baumsaft von <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> austellt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Um Käse zu bereiten.</i>, so ist diese unerlaubt. Dagegen sagt R. Josua: Ich habe ausdrücklich gehört: Wenn man sie mit Blättersaft, oder mit dem Saft der Wurzel austellt, ist sie erlaubt; wenn aber mit dem der frühzeitigen Frucht, so ist sie verboten, weil dies Frucht ist. ",
|
30 |
+
"Unreif bleibende Trauben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die durch scharfen Wind ihr Wachstum verloren haben.</i>, Kerne und Hülsen, so wie der Lauer daraus, die Schalen und Blüten des Granatapfels, die Schalen der Nüsse und sonstige Fruchtkerne sind in der <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> unerlaubt; so auch die vom Götzenhaine, und der Entaltsame darf erstere nicht geniessen; aber im vierten Jahre sind sie<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">18</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Auch ausserhalb Jerusalems.</i> erlaubt. Abfallende Früchte sind bei allen diesen unerlaubt. ",
|
31 |
+
"R. Jose sagt: Einen Zweig von <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> darf man verpflanzen, aber nicht eine Nuss von <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> einlegen, weil dies eine Frucht ist; auch darf man keinen Zweig mit unreifen Datteln von <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> einpfropfen. "
|
32 |
+
],
|
33 |
+
[
|
34 |
+
"Hebe und Zehnthebe von <span dir=\"rtl\">דמאי</span>-Früchten, <span dir=\"rtl\">חלה</span> und Erstlinge gehen auf in hundert und einem und werden in solchem Falle zusammen gerechnet<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denn die ebengenannten <span dir=\"rtl\">בכורים ,תרומת מעשר ,תרומה</span> und <span dir=\"rtl\">חלה</span> führen alle den Namen <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>.</i>, jedoch muss man sie herausnehmen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Und dem Priester geben.</i> ; <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> dagegen und <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> vom Weinberge gehen erst unter zweihundert und einem auf<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil bei ihnen nicht blos das Essen, sondern auch jeder Genuss (<span dir=\"rtl\">אסורים בהנאה</span>) untersagt ist.</i>, werden zusammengerechnet, und man braucht sie aber nicht herauszunehmen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da hier Niemand beraubt wird.</i>. R. Simeon sagt: Sie werden nicht zusammen gerechnet. R. Elieser hält dafür, dass, wenn sie der Sache<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Worunter sie geraten.</i> einen Geschmack geben, zusammen gerechnet werden; aber sonst nicht, um die Sache unerlaubt zu machen. ",
|
35 |
+
"Die Hebe bewirkt, dass <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> in der Menge mit aufgehoben werde<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> wird nämlich mit der Menge von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> verbunden, um die <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> aufzuheben.</i> und umgekehrt. Wie z. B.? Wenn ein <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> Hebe unter <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, zusammen hundert ausmachend, gefallen, und nachher drei Kab von <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> oder drei Kab <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> vom Weinberg darunter geraten: So ist dies der Fall, wo die Hebe die Aufhebung der <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> und ähnlich <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> die der Hebe bewirkt.",
|
36 |
+
"Eben so kann <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> diese Wirkung auf <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> haben, <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> auf <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> und <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> auf <span dir=\"ltr\">ערלה</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das eine <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> bezieht sich auf die Pflanzung des vierten Jahres (<span dir=\"rtl\">נטע רבעי</span>); denn ein Verbotenes kann nicht einen Teil desselben Verbotenen aufheben. Weil jedoch <span dir=\"rtl\">נטע רבעי</span> aus <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> hervorgeht, wird sie auch <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> genannt.</i>. Wie z.B.? Wenn ein <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> von <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> unter zweihundert gefallen, und nachher noch ein <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> und etwas darüber von <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> oder <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> vom Weinberge: so ist dies der Fall, wo die <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> die Aufhebung der <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span>, die <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> die der <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> und die <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> die der <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> bewirken. ",
|
37 |
+
"Alles, was man mit <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה ,תרומה</span> oder <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> vom Weinberge säuert, würzet oder mischet<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nämlich durch <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> zu <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> macht.</i>, ist jedenfalls unerlaubt, Bet Samai sagt: Es teilt auch etwaige Unreinheit mit, Bet Hillel jedoch lehrt: Es teilt die Unreinheit nur mit, wenn es die Quantität eines Eies hat.",
|
38 |
+
"Dustai aus dem Dorfe Jithmah war Einer aus der Schule Samai’s und erzählte: Ich habe von dem greisen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8a</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Greis (<span dir=\"rtl\">זקן</span>) ist hier und weiter M. 12 soviel wie Synedrist, Mitglied des Synedriums.</i> Samai gehört, wie er sagte: Immer sei die Quantität eines Eies nötig, um die Unreinheit mitzuteilen. ",
|
39 |
+
"Für welchen Fall hat man aber verordnet, dass alles, was man säuere, würze oder mische<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> mache.</i>, strenge genommen werde? Wenn es einerlei Art ist; dagegen um teils gelinde, teils strenge zu verfahren, bei Ungleichartigem. Wie z. B. Wenn Weizenteig (<span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>) in einen Weizenteig geraten , und in jenem so viel enthalten ist, dass er diesen säuert, so ist es, möge das Verhältniss von hundert und einem vorhanden sein, oder nicht, unerlaubt; ist das Verhältniss von hundert und einem nicht darin, so ist es, möge er zum Säuern genügen oder nicht, unerlaubt. ",
|
40 |
+
"Wie aber, teils gelinde, teils strenge zu verfahren, bei Ungleichartigem? Wie z. B. Wenn Bohnengrütze mit Linsen gekocht werden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Bohnengrütze von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, wurde mit Linsen von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> zusammen gekocht.</i> und jene den Geschmack diesen mitteilen: so ist der Genuss davon, es sei das Verhältniss von hundert und einem darin oder nicht, unerlaubt; teilt sie keinen Geschmack, so sind sie, möge das Verhältniss von hundert und einem darin sein oder nicht, gestattet.",
|
41 |
+
"Wenn Sauerteig von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> in einen Teig gekommen und genügt, ihn zu säuern, und nachher kommt Sauerteig von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> oder <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> vom Weinberge, soviel als zur Säuerung genügt, so ist der Teig unerlaubt. ",
|
42 |
+
"Wenn der Sauerteig von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> in einen Teig gekommen und ihn bereits gesäuert hat, und nachher kommt Sauerteig von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> oder <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> vom Weinberg, soviel als zur Säuerung genügt hätte, hinein, so ist er unerlaubt. R. Simeon erklärt ihn für erlaubt. ",
|
43 |
+
"Gewürze von zwei oder drei namentlich verbotenen Dingen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wie etwa <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה ,ערלה</span> u. s. w.</i> von einer Fruchtart, oder drei Fruchtarten von einem Namen, machen zusammengerechnet etwas unerlaubt. R. Simeon sagt: Zwei oder drei Namen von einer Fruchtart, oder zwei Fruchtarten von einem Namen, werden nicht zusammengerechnet.",
|
44 |
+
"Wenn Sauerteig von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> und von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> in einen Teig kommen, und weder der eine noch der andere zur Säuerung genügen würde, zusammen aber bewirkten sie Säuerung, so sagt R. Elieser: Ich richte mich nach dem zuletzt Hineingekommenen; die Weisen aber entscheiden: Es möge der von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> vorher oder nachher hineingekommen sein, niemals bewirkt er ein Verbot wenn er nicht zur Säuerung hinlänglich ist. ",
|
45 |
+
"Joësar, ein Beamter der Birah<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Birah war ein Platz auf dem Tempelberge, wo die unrein gewordenen Opfer verbrannt wurden.</i>, war aus der Schule des Samai und erzählte: Ich fragte einst deshalb den greisen Rabban Gamliel, als er am östlichen Tore stand, und er sprach: Niemals bewirkt er ein Verbot, wenn er nicht zur Säuerung hinlänglich ist. ",
|
46 |
+
"Wenn man Geräte<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Von Leder, z. B. Schuhwerk.</i> mit unreinem Öl bestrichen hat, und dann wieder<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nachdem sie getrocknet und durch Untertauchen in Wasser gereinigt waren.</i> mit reinem Öl bestrichen; oder erst mit reinem, dann mit unreinem bestrichen hat, so sagt R. Elieser: Ich richte mich nach dem ersten; die Weisen aber sagen: Nach dem letzten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nämlich wenn nachher von dem Gefässe Öl trieft, ob dasselbe als rein oder unrein zu betrachten sei.</i>. ",
|
47 |
+
"Wenn Sauerteig von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> und von <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> vom Weinberge in einen Teig kommen und weder der eine noch der andere zur Säuerung genügen würde, zusammen aber bewirkten sie Säuerung: so ist der Genuss davon Nicht-Priestern verboten, den Priestern aber gestattet. R. Simeon gestattet ihn beiden.",
|
48 |
+
"Wenn Gewürze von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> und von <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> vom Weinberge in einen Topf mit Essen kommen und weder das eine noch das andere zum Würzen genügen würde, zusammen aber bewirken sie Würzung: so ist der Genuss Nicht - Priestern verboten, den Priestern aber gestattet. R. Simeon gestattet ihn beiden. ",
|
49 |
+
"Wenn ein Stück Allerheiligstes, oder ein Stück vom Verworfenen, oder zu lange übrig gebliebenen Opferfleisch, mit anderen Stücken zusammengekocht worden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es ist so viel <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> vorhanden, um das Allerheiligste für sich allein, das Verworfene, das zulange übrig gebliebene Opferfleisch für sich allein aufzuheben.</i> so ist Letzteres Nicht-Priestern verboten, den Priestern gestattet. R. Simeon gestattet es beiden. ",
|
50 |
+
"Wenn Fleisch vom Allerheiligsten und von minder heiligen Opfern mit gewöhnlichem Fleische zusammen gekocht worden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Allerheiligstes Fleisch ist selbst reinen Nichtpriestern verboten; das Fleisch von minder heiligen Opfern ist reinen Nichtpriestern gestattet, doch unreinen verboten, das gewöhnliche Fleisch ist selbst unreinen Nichtpriestern erlaubt. Wenn von dem gewöhnlichen Fleische so viel vorhanden ist, um jedes einzelne der Mischung aufzuheben, so verbindet man alles nicht gewöhnliche Fleisch, um das Ganze dem Unreinen nicht zu gestatten.</i>, so ist es Unreinen verboten, aber Reinen gestattet. "
|
51 |
+
],
|
52 |
+
[
|
53 |
+
"Ein Kleid, das man mit Schalen von <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> gefärbt hat, muss verbrannt werden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil man keinen Genuss davon haben darf, es ist <span dir=\"rtl\">אסור בהנאה</span>.</i>, ist es unter andere vermengt worden, so müssen alle verbrannt werden; so R. Meïr. Die Weisen aber sagen: Es geht unter zwei hundert und einem auf. ",
|
54 |
+
"Wenn Jemand einen Faden von der Länge eines <span dir=\"ltr\">סיט</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">סיט</span> ist die Entfernung des Zeigefingers vom Mittelfinger, wenn sie stark gespannt werden.</i> mit Schalen von <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> färbt und in ein Kleid einwebt, er weise aber nicht, welches der Faden sei; so muss nach R. Meïr das Kleid verbrannt werden. Nach den Weisen geht es in zwei hundert und einem auf. ",
|
55 |
+
"Wenn Jemand einen ganzen <span dir=\"rtl\">סיט</span> von der Wolle einer Erstgeburt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Man darf keinen Erstgeborenen scheeren (Deuteron. 15, 19). Hier ist die Rede von einem fehlerhaften Erstgeborenen, denn ein fehlerloser wird als Geheiligtes betrachtet und ist schon bei der geringsten Beimischung verboten.</i> in ein Kleid einwebt, so muss dieses verbrannt werden. Wenn eben so viel vom Haar eines <span dir=\"rtl\">נזיר</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das Haar eines reinen <span dir=\"rtl\">נזיר</span> ist verboten, man darf von demselben keinen Genuss haben.</i>, oder vom<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Getödteten.</i> Erstling des Esels am Sacke sich befindet, muss der Sack verbrannt werden. Bei andern geheiligten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Und auslösbaren.</i> Dingen, bewirkt die geringste Beimischung Heiligkeit<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Und verpflichtet zur Auslösung des Ganzen.</i>.",
|
56 |
+
"Ein Gericht, das mit Schalen von <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> gekocht worden, muss verbrannt werden; wurde es unter andere vermengt, so geht es unter zweihundert und einem auf. ",
|
57 |
+
"Wenn man einen Ofen mit Schalen von <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> geheizt und darin Brot gebacken hat, muss das Brot verbrannt werden; ist es unter anderes vermengt worden, so geht es unter zweihundert und einem auf.",
|
58 |
+
"Wenn Jemand Gebinde von griechischem Heu hat, die <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> im Weinberge waren, so müssen sie verbrannt werden; sind sie unter andere vermengt worden, so müssen nach R. Meïr alle verbrannt werden, die Weisen sagen: Sie gehen in zweihundert und einem auf.",
|
59 |
+
"R. Meïr sagte nämlich: Was man gewöhnlich nach Zahl verkauft, wird durch Vermengung geheiligt; die Weisen aber sagen: Nur sechs zählbare Dinge bewirken Heiligung und R. Akiba behauptet: sieben, nämlich folgende: Nüsse von <span dir=\"ltr\">פרך</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">פרך</span> und <span dir=\"rtl\">בדן</span> edlen Namen von Städten sein. Nach einer andern Meinung sollen <span dir=\"rtl\">אגוזי פרך</span> Nüsse oder Mandeln mit zarter Schale sein.</i>, Granatäpfel von <span dir=\"rtl\">בדן</span>, zugemachte Fässer mit Wein, Blätter von Mangold, Stengel<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">קלחי כרוב</span> das Wort <span dir=\"rtl\">קלח</span> hat Ähnlichkeit mit dem Griechischen καυλός und dem Lateinischen caulis = Stengel.</i> von Kohl und griechischer Kürbis. R. Akiba fügt hinzu: Auch ausgebackene grosse Brote; was von diesen dem Gesetze der <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> unterliegt, erlangt die Heiligung der <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span>, und was <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> im Weinberg ist, die von <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> im Weinberge.",
|
60 |
+
"Wie z. B.?<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Einige verwerfen die Lesart <span dir=\"rtl\">כיצד</span>.</i> Wenn die Nüsse aufgeschlagen, die Granatäpfel abgesondert, die Fässer geöffnet, die Kürbisse angeschnitten, die Brote angebrochen worden sind, so gehen sie wieder in zweihundert und einem auf. ",
|
61 |
+
"Früchte, bei welchen man zweifelhaft ist, ob sie von <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> sind; darf man im Lande Israel nicht geniessen, in Syrien ist es erlaubt, im Auslande kann man in den Garten gehen und sie kaufen, nur darf man sie nicht erst abbrechen sehen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nämlich, was noch haftet ist jedenfalls verboten.</i>. Wenn in einem Weinberge Kohlkraut steht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Welches <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> bildet.</i> und ähnliches Kraut ausserhalb des Weinberges feil geboten wird, so ist dieses im Lande Israel unerlaubt, in Syrien erlaubt, im Auslande darf man sogar hingehen und<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Durch den Verkäufer.</i> sammeln lassen, nur nicht mit eigner Hand sammeln. Neue Frucht ist nach der <span dir=\"rtl\">תורה</span> überall<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Vor der Darbringung des <span dir=\"rtl\">עומר</span>.</i> verboten; die eben erwähnte Verordnung wegen <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> ist Gesetz vom Sinai her; und die, betreffend <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> im Weinberge, im Auslande, ist Satzung der Schriftkundigen."
|
62 |
+
]
|
63 |
+
],
|
64 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
65 |
+
"Chapter",
|
66 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
67 |
+
]
|
68 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
ADDED
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{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Orlah",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"priority": 1.0,
|
8 |
+
"license": "CC-BY",
|
9 |
+
"shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Joshua Kulp",
|
10 |
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"actualLanguage": "en",
|
11 |
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"languageFamilyName": "english",
|
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|
13 |
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|
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"direction": "ltr",
|
15 |
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"heTitle": "משנה ערלה",
|
16 |
+
"categories": [
|
17 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
18 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
19 |
+
],
|
20 |
+
"text": [
|
21 |
+
[
|
22 |
+
"One who plants [a fruit tree] as a fence or to provide wood beams, it is exempt from [the law of] orlah. Rabbi Yose says: even if he said “The inward [facing part of the tree] is for food, and the outward [facing part] is for a fence,” the inward [facing part] is subject [to orlah], and the outward [facing part] is exempt.",
|
23 |
+
"If at the time when our ancestors came into the land and they found [a tree already] planted it was exempt [from the laws of orlah]. If they planted [a tree], even though they had not yet conquered [the land], it was subject [to orlah]. If one planted a tree for [the use of] the many, it is subject. But Rabbi Judah makes it exempt. If one has planted [a tree] in the public domain, or if a non-Jew has planted, or if a robber has planted, or one who plants on a boat, or [a tree] that has grown of itself, it is subject to orlah.",
|
24 |
+
"If a tree was uprooted and the hard soil together with it, or if a stream swept it away and the hard soil together with it, [then] if it could have lived it is exempt, But if [it could] not, it is subject. If the hard soil has been detached from its side, or if a ploughshare shook it, or if someone shook it, and one reset it with earth, [then] if it could have lived, it is exempt, But if not, it is subject.",
|
25 |
+
"If a tree was uprooted and one root was left [in the ground], it is exempt. How much must the [thickness of the] root be? Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel said in the name of Rabb Eliezer ben Judah a man of Bartota: as [thick as] a pin [used for] stretching.",
|
26 |
+
"A tree which was uprooted and it has a bent-down [and rooted] shoot, and it [the tree] derives sustenance from it [the shoot], the old [tree] is [considered] like the shoot. If one bends [and roots] from it year after year, and it became detached, one counts from the time it became detached. A grafted shoot of vines, and a grafted shoot [growing] on another grafted shoot, even if he rooted them in the soil, they are permitted. Rabbi Meir said: in an instance where it is strongly [grafted], it is permitted, but in an instance where it is poorly [grafted], it is prohibited. A bent-down [and rooted] shoot that has become detached and is full of fruit, [then] if it increased one two hundredth, it is prohibited.",
|
27 |
+
"If a shoot of orlah or a vineyard in which seeds had been planted (kilayim), became mixed up with [other] shoots, behold one may not gather [the fruit]. But if one has gathered [it], it is neutralized in two hundred-and-one, provided that he did not act deliberately. Rabbi Yose says: even if he acted deliberately, it becomes neutralized in two hundred-and-one.",
|
28 |
+
"Leaves, sprouts, sap of vines, and vine-buds are permitted in respect of orlah and the laws of the fourth year, and to a nazirite, but are prohibited if they come from an Asherah [tree]. Rabbi Yose says: vine-buds are prohibited because they are fruit. Rabbi Eliezer said: if one curdles [milk] with the resinous substances of [a tree liable to] orlah, it is prohibited. Rabbi Joshua said: I have received an explicit tradition that if one curdles [milk] with the resinous substance of the leaves, or with the resinous substance of the roots, it is permitted, but with the resinous substance of the unripe berries, it is prohibited, because these are fruit.",
|
29 |
+
"Defective grapes, grape kernels, grape husks, and the temed drink made from them, the peel of a pomegranate and its sprout, nutshells, and fruit-seeds, are all subject to the laws of orlah, asherah and a nazirite, but permitted in respect of a fourth year vineyard. Fallen unripe fruit is subject to all of them.",
|
30 |
+
"Rabbi Yose says: one may plant a shoot of orlah; But one may not plant a nut of orlah, because it is fruit. And one may not graft early date berries of orlah."
|
31 |
+
],
|
32 |
+
[
|
33 |
+
"Terumah, terumat maaser of demai, hallah and bikkurim, are neutralized in a hundred-and-one mixture. And they are reckoned together [to form the statutory minimum]. And it is necessary to remove [from the mixture an amount equal to that of the consecrated produce contained in it]. Orlah and kilayim of the vineyard are neutralized in a two-hundred-and-one mixture. And they are reckoned together [to form the statutory minimum]. But it is not necessary to remove [from the mixture an amount equal to that of the consecrated produce contained in it]. Rabbi Shimon says: they are not reckoned together. Rabbi Eliezer says: they are reckoned together when they impart flavor, but not to prohibit.",
|
34 |
+
"Terumah can void orlah, and orlah can void terumah. How so? [For instance] a seah of terumah fell into one hundred, and afterwards three kavs of orlah or three kavs of mixed-seeds of the vineyard [fell in]. This is [an instance] where terumah goes towards neutralizing orlah, and orlah terumah.",
|
35 |
+
"Orlah can void kilayim, and kilayim [can void] orlah, and orlah [can void] orlah. How so? A seah of orlah falls into two hundred [seahs] and afterwards there falls in a seah and a little bit more of orlah, or a seah and a little bit more of kilayim of the vineyard--this is [a case] where orlah can void kilayim, and kilayim [can void] orlah, and orlah [can void] orlah.",
|
36 |
+
"Whatever causes something to ferment, or seasons, or makes medumma with terumah, with orlah or with ‘mixed-seeds’ of the vineyard, is prohibited. Bet Shammai says: it also renders unclean. But Bet Hillel says: it never renders unclean unless it has the volume of an egg.",
|
37 |
+
"Dostai of Kefar Yitmah was one of the disciples of Bet Shammai, and he said, “I received a tradition from Shammai the elder who said: “It never renders unclean unless it contains the volume of an egg.”",
|
38 |
+
"Concerning what did they say: “Anything that causes fermentation or seasons or which renders medumma we rule stringently”? [In the case of] a species [mixed] with its [like] species. [When did they say] “we rule [sometimes] leniently and [sometimes] stringently”? [In the case of] a species [mixed] with a different kind of species. How so? If leaven of wheat fell into dough of wheat and there is enough to cause fermentation, [then] whether there is enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, or there is not enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, it is prohibited. If there is not enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, [then] whether there is enough to cause fermentation, or there is not enough to cause fermentation, it is prohibited.",
|
39 |
+
"[We rule sometimes] leniently and [sometimes] stringently, [in the case of] a species [mixed] with a different kind of species. How so? If crushed beans were boiled together with lentils, and there is enough of them [the crushed beans] to impart flavor, [then] whether there is enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, or there is not enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, it is prohibited. [But] if there is not enough to impart flavor, [then] whether there is enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, or there is not enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, [the mixture] is permitted.",
|
40 |
+
"If leaven of hullin has fallen into dough, and there was enough of it to cause fermentation, and after that leaven of terumah fell in or leaven of kilayim of the vineyard, and there is enough to cause fermentation, [the dough] is prohibited.",
|
41 |
+
"If leaven of hullin has fallen into dough and caused it to ferment, and after that there fell in leaven of terumah or of kilayim of the vineyard, and there was enough to cause fermentation, [the dough] is prohibited. But Rabbi Shimon permits it.",
|
42 |
+
"Seasonings [consisting] of two or three categories of one species, or [consisting] of three species [of one category], are forbidden and combine. Rabbi Shimon said: Two or three categories of one species, or two species of one category, do not combine.",
|
43 |
+
"Leaven of hullin and of terumah fell into dough, and neither this was sufficient to cause fermentation nor was that sufficient to cause fermentation, but together they caused [the dough] to ferment:Rabbi Eliezer says: I go after the last. But the sages say: whether the prohibited fell in first or last, it never causes the dough to become prohibited unless there is enough to cause fermentation.",
|
44 |
+
"Yoezer, master of the temple (Ish Habirah), was one of the disciples of Bet Shammai and he said: I asked Rabban Gamaliel the elder as he was standing at the eastern gate [of the Temple], and he said: it never causes the dough to become prohibited unless there is enough to cause fermentation.",
|
45 |
+
"Vessels which were oiled with unclean oil, and [later] he returned and oiled them with clean oil; Or he [first] oiled them with clean oil, and [later] he returned [to them] and oiled them with unclean oil: Rabbi Eliezer says: “I go after the first.” And the sages say: after the last.",
|
46 |
+
"Leaven of terumah and of kilayim of the vineyard which fell into dough, this one is not sufficient to cause fermentation, nor is that one sufficient to cause fermentation, but together they cause fermentation:It [the dough] is prohibited to non-priests and permitted to priests. Rabbi Shimon permits it to both to non-priests and to priests.",
|
47 |
+
"Seasonings of terumah and of kilayim of the vineyard that fell into a dish, and there is not enough of one to season, nor is there of the other to season, but together they seasoned:It [the dish] is prohibited to non-priests but permitted to priests. Rabbi Shimon declares it permitted to non-priests and to priests.",
|
48 |
+
"A piece of [meat from] one of the most holy [sacrifices] and [a piece] of [meat which is] piggul, or remnant, which were cooked with other pieces, it [the non-sacred meat] is prohibited to non-priests but permitted to priests. Rabbi Shimon declares it permitted to non-priests and to priests.",
|
49 |
+
"Meat of most holy [sacrifices] and meat of less holy [sacrifices] were cooked together with ordinary meat: [the dish] is prohibited to the unclean, but permitted to the clean."
|
50 |
+
],
|
51 |
+
[
|
52 |
+
"A garment dyed with peels of orlah [fruit] must be burned. If it became mixed up with other [garments], all of them shall be burned, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: it becomes neutralized in two-hundred-and-one.",
|
53 |
+
"If one dyed a thread the whole [length] of a sit with orlah peels, and wove it into a garment, and it is not known which [thread] it is:Rabbi Meir says: the garment must be burned; But the sages say: it becomes neutralized in two-hundred-and-one.",
|
54 |
+
"If one wove thread the whole [length] of a sit from [the wool of a] first-born animal into a garment, the garment must be burned. [If from] the hair of a nazirite or of the first-born of a donkey into sack-cloth, the sack-cloth must be burned. And if even the smallest amount [from wool or hair of] consecrated [animals], that which it is woven into] is consecrated.",
|
55 |
+
"A dish which one cooked with shells of orlah must be burned. If [the dish] became mixed up with other [dishes], it becomes neutralized in two-hundred-and-one.",
|
56 |
+
"An oven that was lit with shells of orlah, and then one baked bread in it, the bread must be burned. If it became mixed up with other [loaves] it becomes neutralized in two-hundred-and-one.",
|
57 |
+
"If one has bundles of fenugreek of kilayim of the vineyard, they must be burned. If they became mixed up with others, all of them must be burned, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say they become neutralized in two-hundred-and-one.",
|
58 |
+
"For Rabbi Meir used to say: anything that is normally [sold] by counting causes [a mixture] to become consecrated [in even the smallest amount]. But the sages say only six things consecrate [a mixture in even the smallest amount], and Rabbi Akiba says seven [things]. And these are they: Nuts with soft shells; badan pomegranates; stopped-up casks; beet shoots; cabbage-heads; Greek pumpkins. Rabbi Akiba says: also loaves [baked by] a householder. To those to which orlah applies [they prohibit the mixture] as orlah, [to those of which] kilayim of the vineyard apply [they prohibit the mixture as] kilayim of the vineyard.",
|
59 |
+
"How so? If the nuts cracked, or if the pomegranates burst open, or the casks became unstopped, or the pumpkins were cut, or the loaves were broken up, they become neutralized in two-hundred-and-one.",
|
60 |
+
"Doubtful orlah: in the land of Israel is prohibited, in Syria is permitted, and outside the land one may go down and purchase [from a non-Israelite] as long as he has not seen him gathering it. A vineyard planted with vegetables [which are kilayim], and they [the vegetables] are sold outside of it: in the land of Israel these are prohibited, and in Syria they are permitted; outside the land one may go down and purchase them as long as he does not gather [them] with [one’s own] hand. New [produce] is prohibited by the Torah in all places. And orlah is a halachah. And kilayim are an enactment of the scribes."
|
61 |
+
]
|
62 |
+
],
|
63 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
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+
"Chapter",
|
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"Mishnah"
|
66 |
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|
67 |
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}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
ADDED
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{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Orlah",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Sefaria Community Translation",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"license": "CC0",
|
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"versionTitleInHebrew": "תרגום קהילת ספריא",
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"actualLanguage": "en",
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"languageFamilyName": "english",
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"heTitle": "משנה ערלה",
|
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"categories": [
|
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+
"Mishnah",
|
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+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
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+
],
|
19 |
+
"text": [
|
20 |
+
[],
|
21 |
+
[
|
22 |
+
"<i>Terumah</i> [a portion of a crop given to a <i>Kohen</i>, priest, pl. <i>Kohanim</i>, which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by <i>Kohanim</i> or their household] and <i>Terumat Ma'aser</i> [a tenth of the tithe given to a <i>Levi</i>, Levite, which must, in turn, be given to a <i>Kohen</i> and which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by <i>Kohanim</i> or their household] of <i>Demai</i> [produce from which it is uncertain whether tithes were already taken], <i>Challah</i> [a portion of a batch of bread dough given to a <i>Kohen</i> which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by <i>Kohanim</i> or their household] and <i>Bikkurim</i> [first-fruits that must be brought to the Temple in Jerusalem and given to the <i>Kohen</i>] are nullified in one hundred and one parts, and they are mixed together and require elevation. <i>Orlah</i> [the fruit of a tree during the first three years after its planting, the consumption or usage of which is forbidden] and <i>Kilayim</i> [the product of forbidden crossbreeding] of the vineyard are nullified in two hundred and one parts, and they are mixed together, and they do not require elevation. Rabbi Shimon says, they are not mixed together. Rabbi Eliezer says, they are mixed with the giver of flavor, but not to forbid.",
|
23 |
+
"<i>Terumah</i> can [add volume to achieve the minimum to] neutralize <i>Orlah</i>, and <i>Orlah</i> can [add volume to achieve the minimum to] neutralize <i>Terumah</i>. How so? A <i>Se'ah</i> [a specific unit of volume] of <i>Terumah</i> which fell into one hundred [<i>Se’ah</i> of normal foodstuff], and afterwards three <i>Kavin</i> of <i>Orlah</i> or three <i>Kavin</i> of mixed seed in the vineyard fell in; this is [an instance] where <i>Terumah</i> can neutralize <i>Orlah</i>, and <i>Orlah</i> can neutralize <i>Terumah</i>. ",
|
24 |
+
"<i>Orlah</i> can neutralize <i>Kilayim</i>, and <i>Kilayim</i> [neutralize] <i>Orlah</i>, and <i>Orlah</i> [neutralize] <i>Orlah</i>. How so? A <i>Se’ah</i> of <i>Orlah</i> which falls into two hundred [<i>Se’ah</i> of normal foodstuff] and afterwards more than a <i>Se’ah</i> of <i>Orlah</i> [falls in], or more than a <i>Se’ah</i> of <i>Kilayim</i> of the vineyard; this is [a case] where <i>Orlah</i> can neutralize <i>Kilayim</i>, and <i>Kilayim</i> [can neutralize] <i>Orlah</i>, and <i>Orlah</i> [can neutralize] <i>Orlah</i>. ",
|
25 |
+
"All that cause fermentation, or season, or make a mixture <i>Meduma</i> [mixture of <i>Chullin</i>, permitted foodstuff, and <i>Terumah</i> that is forbidden to non-<i>Kohanim</i>] when mixed with <i>Terumah</i> or with <i>Orlah</i> or with <i>Kilayim</i> of the vineyard, is prohibited. Bet Shammai say, it also defiles. But Bet Hillel say, it does not defile unless it has [the volume of] an egg.",
|
26 |
+
"Dostai, of the village of Yitmah, was one of the disciples of Bet Shammai, and he said, I received a tradition from Shammai the elder who said, it [one of the items mentioned above] never defiles unless it contains [the volume of an] egg. ",
|
27 |
+
"And concerning what they said, All that cause fermentation, or season, or make a mixture <i>Meduma</i> when is [the rule applied] stringently? [In the case of] a species [mixed] with its [like] species. [When is the rule applied sometimes] leniently and [sometimes] stringently? [In the case of] a species [mixed] with a different kind of species. How so? If leaven of wheat fell into wheat dough and there is enough to cause leavening, whether there is enough to neutralize in one hundred and one, or there is not enough to neutralize in one hundred and one, it is prohibited. If there is not enough to neutralize in one hundred and one, whether there is enough to cause leavening or there is not enough to cause leavening, it is prohibited. ",
|
28 |
+
"How is [this teaching of “All that cause fermentation, or season, or make a mixture <i>Meduma</i>” applied to yield both] a lenient and a strict ruling, [in the case of] one kind [of produce] mixed with [produce] of the same kind? Crushed beans [of <i>Terumah</i>] that were cooked with lentils [which are not <i>Terumah</i>], and they contain enough to impart flavor [to the lentils], whether there was [enough <i>Terumah</i>] to be neutralized in one hundred and one, or whether there is not [enough <i>Terumah</i>] to be neutralized in one hundred and one, it is forbidden [and this is the strict ruling]; if there is not enough of them to impart flavor [to the lentils], whether there was [enough <i>Terumah</i>] to be neutralized in one hundred and one, or whether there is not [enough <i>Terumah</i>] to be neutralized in one hundred and one, it is permitted [and this is the lenient ruling].",
|
29 |
+
"If leaven of <i>Chullin</i> has fallen into dough, and there is enough to make it ferment, and after that leaven of <i>Terumah</i> or <i>Kilayim</i> of the vineyard [fell in], and there was enough to cause leavening, [the dough] is prohibited.",
|
30 |
+
"If leaven of <i>Chullin</i> has fallen into dough and caused it to ferment, and after that leaven of <i>Terumah</i> or <i>Kilayim</i> of the vineyard fell in, and there was enough to cause leavening, [the dough] is prohibited. [But,] Rabbi Shimon permits it. ",
|
31 |
+
"Spices of two or three [categories of prohibitions], of one species, or of three different species of spices [of one category of prohibition], render a mixture prohibited by combining together. Rabbi Shimon says, the mixture of two or three categories of prohibition of one species, or two species of one category of prohibition do not combine together.",
|
32 |
+
"Leaven of <i>Chullin</i>, and of <i>Terumah</i> that fell into a dough and individually, each does not have a sufficient quantity to cause fermentation, but taken together, they did cause fermentation: Rabbi Eliezer says, I go after the last one that fell; but the Sages say, regardless of whether the forbidden leaven fell in first, or last, never does the dough become prohibited, unless there is a sufficient amount to cause fermentation on its own. ",
|
33 |
+
"Yoezer, a man of Birah, was one of the disciples of the House of Shammai, and he said, I asked Rabban Gamliel the Elder, as he was standing at the Eastern Gate, and he said, regardless of whether the forbidden fell in first, or last, never does the dough become prohibited, unless there is a sufficient amount to cause fermentation on its own. ",
|
34 |
+
"Vessels that were oiled [in order to soften them], with impure oil, and were then later re-oiled with pure oil, or they were first oiled with pure oil, and afterwards, were oiled them with impure oil: Rabbi Eliezer says, I go after the first, while the Sages say, [its status follows] after the last.",
|
35 |
+
"If leaven of <i>Terumah</i> and leaven of <i>Kilayim</i> of the vineyard fell into a dough and each individually does not have enough of a quantity to effect fermentation, but together, they did cause fermentation, the dough is prohibited to non-<i>Kohanim</i>, and permitted to <i>Kohanim</i>. Rabbi Shimon allows to both non-<i>Kohanim</i> and <i>Kohanim</i>. ",
|
36 |
+
"If spices of the <i>Terumah</i> and if <i>Kilayim</i> of the vineyard have fallen into a pot, and each individually does not have a sufficient quantity to properly season, but together, they did cause proper seasoning, it is forbidden to non-<i>Kohanim</i>, but permitted to <i>Kohanim</i>. Rabbi Shimon allows it to both <i>Kohanim</i> and non-<i>Kohanim</i>.",
|
37 |
+
"If a piece of the flesh of <i>Kodshei Kodashim</i> [sacrifices of the highest degree of sanctity, they may be slaughtered only on the north-west corner of the altar, and consumed only within the Temple compound by male priests, or burnt entirely.], [or] of <i>Pigul</i> [sacrifice made unfit because of improper intentions], [or] of <i>Notar</i> [sacrifice made unfit because it was left too long uneaten] that was cooked with pieces [of permissible flesh], it is forbidden to non-<i>Kohanim</i>, but permissible to <i>Kohanim</i>. Rabbi Shimon allows it to both <i>Kohanim</i> and non-<i>Kohanim</i>.",
|
38 |
+
"If flesh of <i>Kodshei Kodashim</i> and flesh of <i>Kodashim Kalim</i> [sacrifices of a lesser degree of sanctity, they may be slaughtered anywhere in the Temple courtyard and consumed by most anyone, anywhere in Jerusalem] have been cooked together with non-sanctified [permissible] flesh, it is forbidden to the impure, but permitted for the pure. "
|
39 |
+
],
|
40 |
+
[
|
41 |
+
"A garment that has been dyed using peels of an <i>Orlah</i> [the fruit of a tree during the first three years after its planting, the consumption or usage of which is forbidden] must be burnt. If [this garment] got mixed in with other [garments], they must all be burnt; these are the words of Rabbi Meir. And the Sages say, it becomes neutralized in [a pile of] two hundred and one [other such garments].",
|
42 |
+
"One who dyes [a thread] the length of <i>m'lo hasit</i> [distance between the splayed thumb and forefinger] with peels of an <i>Orlah</i> tree, and then wove them into a garment, but doesn't know which [thread] it is: Rabbi Meir says, one must burn the garment, and the Sages say, it becomes neutralized in [a pile of] two hundred and one [other such garments].",
|
43 |
+
"One who weaves [a thread] the length of <i>m'lo hasit</i> from the wool a firstborn animal into a garment, must burn the garment. And [if the thread was from] the hair of a Nazirite or from a firstborn donkey [which needs redemption and he sewed it] into a sack, one must burn the sack. And [with regards to] holy items, they sanctify [whatever they are sewed into], independent of the quantity.",
|
44 |
+
"A cooked item which is cooked with the peels of an <i>Orlah</i> must be burnt. If [the cooked item] gets mixed with other [such cooked items], it becomes neutralized in two hundred and one [other such cooked items].",
|
45 |
+
"An oven which was lit with shells of <i>Orlah</i>, and bread was baked in it, the bread should be burned. If that bread was mixed with others, it is neutralized in two hundred and one.",
|
46 |
+
"One who has bundles of fenugreek which come from a <i>Kilayim</i> [the product of forbidden crossbreeding] of the vineyard must burn them. If [these bundles] got mixed with other [such bundles], they must all be burnt; these are the words of Rabbi Meir. And the Sages say, they are neutralized in two hundred and one. ",
|
47 |
+
"As Rabbi Meir used to say, if it is the normal way to count [an object, individually], then it renders everything as holy [and thereby forbidden]. But the Sages say that only six things render everything as holy; while Rabbi Akiva says there are seven. They are: nuts with brittle shells, and Badan pomegranates, and sealed jars, and beet shoots, and cabbage heads, and Greek gourds. Rabbi Akiva says, also loaves of bread of homeowners. That which is fit for the [laws of] <i>Orlah</i> is <i>Orlah</i>. That which is fit for [the laws of] <i> Kilayim</i> of the vineyard is <i> Kilayim</i> of the vineyard.",
|
48 |
+
"(How so?) If nuts split, pomegranates separate, barrels open, gourds are cut, loaves of bread are crumbled, they are neutralized in two hundred and one.",
|
49 |
+
"If there is a doubt about [whether or not a certain fruit is] <i>Orlah</i>: in Israel it is forbidden [to have benefit from it], and in Syria it is permitted, and outside the Land [of Israel], one may go down [to the market] and buy it, as long as one doesn't see the gathering. A vineyard that has vegetables planted in it [rendering them <i>Kilayim</i>] and the vegetables are sold outside [of Israel]: in Israel they are forbidden, and in Syria they are permitted, and outside the Land one can go down [to the market] and buy them as long as one doesn't gather them directly. New [wheat] is forbidden by law of the Torah everywhere. But <i>Orlah</i> [is forbidden] by traditional law ascribed to Moshe and <i>Kilayim</i> [is forbidden] by Rabbinic law. "
|
50 |
+
]
|
51 |
+
],
|
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+
"sectionNames": [
|
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+
"Chapter",
|
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"Mishnah"
|
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|
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}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
ADDED
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{
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"language": "en",
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"title": "Mishnah Orlah",
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"versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001042448/NLI",
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"versionTitle": "Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de]",
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|
22 |
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"text": [
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[
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"<b>W</b>ENN <small>JEMAND</small> [B<small>ÄUME</small>] <small>ALS</small> H<small>ECKE ODER ZU</small> B<small>ALKEN PFLANZT</small>, <small>SO IST ER VOM</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dh. von der Einhaltung des diesbezügl. Gesetzes; cf. Lev. 19,23. Dies ist auch unter ‘frei’ bezw. ‘pflichtig’ in diesem ganzen Traktate zu verstehen.</i> <small>FREI</small>. R. J<small>OSE SAGT</small>, <small>AUCH WENN MAN DIE INNERE</small> [S<small>EITE DES</small> B<small>AUMES</small>] <small>ZUM</small> E<small>SSEN UND DIE ÄUSSERE ALS</small> H<small>ECKE BESTIMMT HAT</small>, <small>SEI DIE INNERE PFLICHTIG UND DIE ÄUSSERE FREI</small>.",
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"II. A<small>LS UNSERE</small> V<small>ORFAHREN INS</small> L<small>AND GEKOMMEN WAREN UND GEPFLANZTE</small> B<small>ÄUME VORGEFUNDEN HATTEN</small>, <small>WAREN SIE FREI</small>; <small>DIE SIE SELBER PFLANZTEN</small>, <small>WAREN PFLICHTIG</small>, <small>OBGLEICH SIE</small> [<small>DAS GANZE</small> L<small>AND</small>] <small>NOCH NICHT EROBERT HATTEN</small>. P<small>FLANZT MAN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Auf eigenem Gebiete.</i> [<small>EINEN</small> B<small>AUM</small>] <small>FÜR DAS</small> P<small>UBLIKUM</small>, <small>SO IST ER PFLICHTIG</small>, <small>NACH</small> R. J<small>EHUDA FREI</small>. W<small>AS MAN AUF ÖFFENTLICHEM</small> G<small>EBIETE PFLANZT</small>, <small>WAS EIN</small> F<small>REMDLING PFLANZT</small>, <small>WAS EIN</small> R<small>ÄUBER PFLANZT</small>, <small>WAS MAN AUF EINEM</small> S<small>CHIFFE PFLANZT UND WAS VON SELBER WÄCHST</small>, <small>IST PFLICHTIG</small>.",
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"III. W<small>ENN EIN</small> B<small>AUM SAMT SEINEM</small> B<small>ODEN ENTWURZELT ODER SAMT SEINEM</small> S<small>TAMME VOM</small> F<small>LUSSE FORTGESCHWEMMT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Und nachdem seine Früchte bereits geweiht waren, wieder an anderer Stelle zu wachsen beginnt.</i> <small>WIRD</small>, <small>SO IST ER</small>, <small>FALLS ER SEINE</small> N<small>AHRUNG VOM EIGENEN</small> B<small>ODEN ZIEHEN KANN</small>, <small>FREI</small>, <small>WENN ABER NICHT</small>, <small>PFLICHTIG</small>. W<small>IRD DER</small> B<small>ODEN AN DER</small> S<small>EITE FORTGERISSEN</small>, <small>WÜHLT IHN DER</small> P<small>FLUG AUF</small>, <small>ODER LOCKERTE ER IHN WIE</small> S<small>TAUB</small>, <small>SO IST ER</small>, <small>FALLS ER SEINE</small> N<small>AHRUNG WEITER ZIEHEN KANN</small>, <small>FREI</small>, <small>WENN ABER NICHT</small>, <small>PFLICHTIG</small>.",
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"IV. W<small>ENN EIN</small> B<small>AUM HERAUSGEZOGEN WIRD UND NUR EINE</small> W<small>URZEL ZURÜCKBLEIBT</small>, <small>SO IST ER FREI</small>. W<small>AS MUSS VON DER</small> W<small>URZEL BLEIBEN</small>? R. Š<small>IMO͑N B</small>. G<small>AMLIÉL SAGTE IM</small> N<small>AMEN DES</small> R. E<small>LEA͑ZAR B</small>. J<small>EHUDA AUS</small> B<small>ARTOTHA</small>: W<small>IE EINE</small> W<small>EBERSPANNNADEL</small>.",
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"V. W<small>ENN EIN</small> B<small>AUM ENTWURZELT WIRD ABER EINEN</small> S<small>ENKER HAT</small>, <small>VON DEM ER SEINE</small> N<small>AHRUNG ZIEHT</small>, <small>SO WIRD DER ALTE</small> B<small>AUM WIE EIN</small> S<small>ENKER BETRACHTET</small>. W<small>ENN MAN</small> J<small>AHR FÜR</small> J<small>AHR</small> S<small>ENKER WEITER SETZT UND EINER SICH ABTRENNT</small>, <small>SO ZÄHLE MAN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die drei Jahre von neuem.</i> <small>VON DER</small> S<small>TUNDE</small>, <small>DA ER SICH ABGETRENNT HAT</small>. D<small>IE EINGEIMPFTEN</small> R<small>EBEN UND DIE IN EINEM</small> I<small>MPFLINGE GEIMPFTEN SIND</small>, <small>AUCH WENN MAN SIE IN DIE</small> E<small>RDE GESENKT HAT</small>, <small>ERLAUBT</small>. R. M<small>EÍR SAGT</small>, <small>WENN DIE</small> I<small>MPFLINGE KRÄFTIG SIND</small>, <small>SEIEN SIE ERLAUBT</small>, <small>WENN DIE</small> I<small>MPFLINGE NICHT KRÄFTIG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn sie ihre Nahrung aus der Erde ziehen müssen.</i> <small>SIND</small>, <small>SEIEN SIE VERBOTEN</small>. D<small>ESGLEICHEN AUCH</small>, <small>WENN EIN</small> S<small>ENKER VOLL</small> F<small>RÜCHTE ABGETRENNT WURDE</small>: <small>HAT ER UM EIN</small> Z<small>WEIHUNDERTSTEL ZUGENOMMEN</small>, <small>SO IST ER VERBOTEN</small>.",
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"VI. W<small>ENN</small> S<small>ETZLINGE VON</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEM ODER VON</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT</small> (<small>DES</small> W<small>EINBERGES</small>) <small>SICH UNTER ANDERE</small> S<small>ETZLINGE VERMISCHT HABEN</small>, <small>SO DARF MAN</small> [<small>DIE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE</small>] <small>NICHT ABLESEN</small>; <small>HAT MAN SIE BEREITS ABGELESEN</small>, <small>SO GEHEN SIE UNTER ZWEIHUNDERT UND EINEM AUF</small>, <small>JEDOCH DARF MAN NICHT WILLENTLICH ABLESEN</small>. R. J<small>OSE SAGT</small>, <small>MAN DÜRFE AUCH WILLENTLICH ABLESEN</small>, <small>UND SIE GEHEN UNTER ZWEIHUNDERT UND EINEM AUF</small>.",
|
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"VII. B<small>LÄTTER</small>, <small>JUNGE</small> R<small>EISER</small>, S<small>AFT DER</small> W<small>EINSTÖCKE</small>, W<small>EINTRAUBENANSATZ</small>, <small>SIND ALS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTES UND</small> V<small>IERJAHRESPFLANZE</small>, <small>SOWIE DEM</small> N<small>AZIRÄER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dem Erzeugnisse des Weinstockes verboten sind.</i> <small>ERLAUBT UND ALS</small> A<small>ŠERA</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Baum neben dem Altar, od. als Symbol der diesen Namen tragenden phöniz. Göttin der Zeugung (Astarte).</i> <small>VERBOTEN</small>. R. J<small>OSE SAGT</small>, W<small>EINTRAUBENANSATZ SEI VERBOTEN</small>, <small>WEIL ER EINE</small> F<small>RUCHT IST</small>. R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT</small>, <small>WENN MAN</small> [M<small>ILCH</small>] <small>DURCH</small> H<small>ARZ VON</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEM GERINNEN LÄSST</small>, <small>SEI DIESE VERBOTEN</small>. R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGTE</small>: I<small>CH HABE AUSDRÜCKLICH GEHÖRT</small>, <small>DASS</small>, <small>WENN MAN SIE DURCH DAS</small> H<small>ARZ DER</small> B<small>LÄTTER ODER DER</small> W<small>URZELN GERINNEN LÄSST</small>, <small>SIE ERLAUBT</small>, <small>UND WENN DURCH DAS</small> H<small>ARZ DER JUNGEN</small> F<small>RÜCHTE</small>, <small>SIE VERBOTEN SEI</small>, <small>WEIL DIESE EINE</small> F<small>RUCHT SIND</small>.",
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"VIII. U<small>NREIF GEBLIEBENE</small> T<small>RAUBEN</small>, <small>DIE</small> K<small>ERNE UND DIE</small> S<small>CHLAUHEN SOWIE DER DARAUS BEREITETE</small> L<small>AUER</small>, S<small>CHALEN DES</small> G<small>RANATAPFELS UND SEINE</small> B<small>LÜTEN</small>, <small>SOWIE</small> N<small>USSSCHALEN UND</small> F<small>RUCHTKERNE SIND ALS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTES UND ALS</small> A<small>ŠERA</small>, <small>SOWIE DEM</small> N<small>AZIRÄER VERBOTEN</small>, V<small>IERJÄHRIG ABER ERLAUBT</small>; <small>ABGEFALLENE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE SIND ALS ALL SOLCHE VERBOTEN</small>.",
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"IX. R. J<small>OSE SAGTE</small>: M<small>AN DARF EIN</small> R<small>EIS VON</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEM PFLANZEN</small>, <small>NICHT ABER DARF MAN EINE</small> N<small>USS VON</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEM PFLANZEN</small>, <small>WEIL SIE</small> F<small>RUCHT IST</small>; <small>AUCH DARF MAN VON</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEM KEIN</small> R<small>EIS MIT UNREIFEN</small> D<small>ATTELN PFROPFEN</small>."
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],
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[
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"<b>H</b>EBE, Z<small>EHNTHEBE VON</small> D<small>EMAJ</small>, T<small>EIGHEBE UND</small> E<small>RSTLINGE GEHEN IN HUNDERT UND EINEM AUF</small>, <small>AUCH WERDEN SIE MIT EINANDER VEREINIGT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn man von allen zusammen das erforderliche Quantum ißt, od. wenn sie zusammen ein Hundertstel ausmachen.</i>, <small>JEDOCH MUSS MAN SIE ABHEBEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Aus den Früchten, in die sie gekommen sind, entfernen.</i>. U<small>NGEWEIHTES UND</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT</small> (<small>DES</small> W<small>EINBERGES</small>) <small>GEHEN IN ZWEIHUNDERT UND EINEM AUF</small>, <small>AUCH WERDEN SIE MIT EINANDER VEREINIGT</small>, <small>UND MAN BRAUCHT SIE NICHT ABZUHEBEN</small>. R.Š<small>IMO͑N SAGT</small>, <small>SIE WERDEN MIT EINANDER NICHT VEREINIGT</small>; R. E<small>LEA͑ZAR SAGT</small>, <small>SIE WERDEN MIT EINANDER VEREINIGT</small>, <small>WENN SIE EINEN</small> G<small>ESCHMACK VERLEIHEN</small>, <small>NICHT ABER UM SONST</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Bei trockenen Früchten, wo sie keinen Geschmack verleihen.</i> <small>VERBOTEN ZU MACHEN</small>.",
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"II. D<small>IE</small> H<small>EBE LÄSST DAS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTE UND DAS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTE LASST DIE</small> H<small>EBE AUFGEHEN</small>. Z<small>UM</small> B<small>EISPIEL</small>: W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ </small>H<small>EBE UNTER HUNDERT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Profane Früchte; zu verstehen sind 99 (100 einschließlich), da sie unter 100 auch allein aufgehen.</i>, <small>UND NACHHER DAZU NOCH DREI</small> K<small>AB</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTES ODER</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT</small> (<small>DES</small> W<small>EINBERGES</small>) <small>GEKOMMEN SIND</small>. D<small>IES IST EIN</small> F<small>ALL</small>, <small>IN DEM DIE</small> H<small>EBE DAS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTE UND DAS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTE DIE</small> H<small>EBE AUFGEHEN LÄSST</small>.",
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"III. D<small>AS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTE LÄSST DIE</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT</small>, <small>DIE</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT LÄSST DAS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTE UND DAS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTE LÄSST DAS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Einmal ist wohl darunter die Vierjahrsfrucht zu verstehen.</i> <small>AUFGEHEN</small>. Z<small>UM</small> B<small>EISPIEL</small>: W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ VON</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEM UNTER ZWEIHUNDERT</small>, <small>UND NACHHER DAZU NOCH EINE</small> S<small>EÁ UND DARÜBER</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTES ODER NOCH EINE</small> S<small>EÄ UND DARÜBER</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT GEKOMMEN IST</small>. D<small>IES IST EIN</small> F<small>ALL</small>, <small>IN DEM DAS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTE DIE</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT</small>, <small>DIE</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT DAS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTE UND DAS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTE DAS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTE AUFGEHEN LÄSST</small>.",
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"IV. A<small>LLES</small>, <small>WAS VON</small> H<small>EBE</small>, U<small>NGEWEIHTEM ODER</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT</small> (<small>DES</small> W<small>EINBERGES</small>) <small>SÄUERT</small>, <small>WÜRZT ODER BEMISCHT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Bei Feuchtem, wobei es einen Geschmack verleiht.</i>, <small>MACHT VERBOTEN</small>. D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT</small>, <small>AUCH</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn es unreine Dinge sind, die das für die Übertragung der Unreinheit erforderliche Quantum nicht haben.</i> <small>VERUNREINIGEND</small>; <small>DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT</small>, <small>WAS NICHT DAS</small> Q<small>UANTUM EINES</small> E<small>IES HAT</small>, <small>SEI NIE VERUNREINIGEND</small>.",
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"V. D<small>OSTAJ AUS</small> K<small>EPHAR</small> J<small>ITHMA</small>, <small>EIN</small> S<small>CHÜLER DER</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS</small>, <small>SAGTE</small>: I<small>CH HÖRTE VON</small> Š<small>AMMAJ DEM</small> Ä<small>LTESTEN</small>, <small>WAS NICHT DAS</small> Q<small>UANTUM EINES</small> E<small>IES HAT</small>, <small>SEI NIE VERUNREINIGEND</small>.",
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"VI. I<small>N WELCHER</small> H<small>INSICHT SAGTEN SIE</small>, <small>BEI ALLEM WAS SÄUERT</small>, <small>WÜRZT UND BEMISCHT</small>, <small>SEI ES STRENGER ZU NEHMEN</small>? B<small>EI DER GLEICHEN</small> A<small>RT</small>. D<small>ASS MAN OFT LEICHTER UND OFT STRENGER NEHME</small>? B<small>EI VERSCHIEDENEN</small> A<small>RTEN</small>. Z<small>UM</small> B<small>EISPIEL</small>: W<small>ENN</small> S<small>AUERTEIG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Von den oben genannten verbotenen Dingen.</i> <small>AUS</small> W<small>EIZENMEHL IN</small> W<small>EIZENTEIG GEKOMMEN IST</small>, <small>SOVIEL</small>, <small>DASS ER SÄUERN KANN</small>, <small>SO MACHT ER VERBOTEN</small>, <small>GLEICHVIEL OB IN EINEM</small> Q<small>UANTUM</small>, <small>DASS ER UNTER HUNDERT UND EINEM AUFGEHT</small>, <small>ODER IN EINEM</small> Q<small>UANTUM</small>, <small>DASS ER IN HUNDERT UND EINEM NICHT AUFGEHT</small>; <small>WENN IN EINEM</small> Q<small>UANTUM</small>, <small>DASS ER NICHT UNTER HUNDERT UND EINEM AUFGEHT</small>, <small>SO MACHT ER VERBOTEN</small>, <small>GLEICHVIEL</small>, <small>OB SOVIEL</small>, <small>UM SÄUERN ZU KÖNNEN</small>, <small>ODER NICHT SOVIEL</small>, <small>UM SÄUERN ZU KÖNNEN</small>.",
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"VII. I<small>N WELCHEN</small> F<small>ÄLLEN IST ES BEI VERSCHIEDENEN</small> A<small>RTEN LEICHTER ODER STRENGER ZU NEHMEN</small>? W<small>ENN</small> G<small>RAUPEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Von den oben genannten verbotenen Dingen.</i> <small>MIT</small> L<small>INSEN GEKOCHT WURDEN</small>, <small>SOVIEL DASS SIE EINEN</small> G<small>ESCHMACK VERLEIHEN</small>, <small>SO IST ES VERBOTEN</small>, <small>GLEICHVIEL OB IN EINEM</small> Q<small>UANTUM</small>, <small>DASS SIE UNTER HUNDERT UND EINEM AUFGEHEN</small>, <small>ODER IN EINEM</small> Q<small>UANTUM</small>, <small>DASS SIE UNTER HUNDERT UND EINEM NICHT AUFGEHEN</small>; <small>WENN ABER NIGHT SOVIEL</small>, <small>UM EINEN</small> G<small>ESCHMACK ZU VERLEIHEN</small>, <small>SO IST ES ERLAUBT</small>, <small>GLEICHVIEL OB IN EINEM</small> Q<small>UANTUM</small>, <small>DASS SIE UNTER HUNDERT UND EINEM AUFGEHEN</small>, <small>ODER IN EINEM</small> Q<small>UANTUM</small>, <small>DASS SIE UNTER HUNDERT UND EINEM NICHT AUFGEHEN</small>.",
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"VIII. W<small>ENN</small> S<small>AUERTEIG VON</small> P<small>ROFANEM</small>, G<small>ENUG ZUM</small> S<small>ÄUERN</small>, <small>IN</small> T<small>EIG GEKOMMEN IST</small>, <small>UND NACHHER AUCH</small> S<small>AUERTEIG VON</small> H<small>EBE ODER VON</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT</small>, <small>EBENFALLS GENUG ZUM</small> S<small>ÄUERN</small>, <small>IN DIESEN GEKOMMEN IST</small>, <small>SO IST ER VERBOTEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Obgleich in diesem Falle die Geschmackverleihung ohne Bedeutung ist.</i>.",
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"IX. W<small>ENN</small> S<small>AUERTEIG VON</small> P<small>ROFANEM IN</small> T<small>EIG GEKOMMEN WAR UND IHN GESÄUERT HAT</small>, <small>UND NACHHER AUCH</small> S<small>AUERTEIG VON</small> H<small>EBE ODER VON</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT</small>, <small>GENUG ZUM</small> S<small>ÄUERN</small>, <small>IN DIESEN GEKOMMEN IST</small>, <small>SO IST ER VERBOTEN</small>; R. Š<small>IMO͑N ERLAUBT IHN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Im vorangehenden Falle wird wenigstens durch den 2. Sauerteig die Säuerung beschleunigt, in diesem Falle war er schon sauer.</i>.",
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"X. G<small>EWÜRZE EINER</small> A<small>RT</small>, <small>VON ZWEI ODER DREI VERSCHIEDENEN</small> N<small>AMEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach Maimonides handelt es sich um botanische Namen, nach den meisten übrigen Kommentaren um Namen des Verbotes (wie zBs. Ungeweihtes, Hebe &c.).</i>, <small>ODER DREIER</small> A<small>RTEN</small> [<small>EINES</small> N<small>AMENS</small>] <small>WERDEN VEREINIGT UND MACHEN VERBOTEN</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGT</small>, <small>ZWEI ODER DREI</small> N<small>AMEN EINER</small> A<small>RT</small>, <small>ODER ZWEI</small> A<small>RTEN EINES</small> N<small>AMENS WERDEN NICHT VEREINIGT</small>.",
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"XI. W<small>ENN</small> S<small>AUERTEIG VON</small> P<small>ROFANEM UND VON</small> H<small>EBE</small>, <small>VON DENEN WEDER DER EINE NOCH DER ANDERE ZUR</small> S<small>ÄUERUNG AUSREICHT</small>, <small>IN</small> T<small>EIG GEKOMMEN SIND</small>, <small>UND IHN ZUSAMMEN GESÄUERT HABEN</small>, <small>SO RICHTE MAN SICH</small>, <small>WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT</small>, <small>NACH DEM LETZTEREN</small>. D<small>IE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN</small>, <small>DER</small> [<small>VERBOTENE</small>] S<small>AUERTEIG KÖNNE</small>, <small>EINERLEI OB ER VORHER ODER NACHHER HINEINGEKOMMEN IST</small>, <small>NICHT EHER VERBOTEN MACHEN</small>, <small>ALS BIS ER ALLEIN ZUR</small> S<small>ÄUERUNG AUSREICHT</small>.",
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"XII. J<small>OE͑ZER DER</small> T<small>EMPELHERR</small>, <small>EIN</small> S<small>CHÜLER DER</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS</small>, <small>SAGTE</small>: I<small>CH FRAGTE EINST</small> R. G<small>AMLIÉL DEN</small> Ä<small>LTEREN</small>, <small>ALS ER VOR DEM</small> O<small>STTOR STAND</small>, <small>UND ER ERWIDERTE</small>, <small>ER MACHE NICHT EHER VERBOTEN</small>, <small>ALS BIS ER ALLEIN ZUR</small> S<small>ÄUERUNG AUSREICHT</small>.",
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"XIII. W<small>ENN MAN</small> G<small>ERÄTE MIT UNREINEM UND WIEDERUM MIT REINEM</small> Ö<small>L ODER MIT REINEM UND WIEDERUM MIT UNREINEM</small> Ö<small>L GESCHMIERT HAT</small>, <small>SO RICHTE MAN SICH</small>, <small>WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT</small>, <small>NACH DEM ERSTEHEN</small>, <small>UND WIE DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN</small>, <small>NACH DEM LETZTEREN</small>.",
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"XIV. W<small>ENN</small> S<small>AUERTEIG VON</small> H<small>EBE UND VON</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT</small> (<small>DES</small> W<small>EINBERGES</small>), <small>VON DENEN WEDER DER EINE NOCH DER ANDERE ZUR</small> S<small>ÄUERUNG AUSREICHT</small>, <small>IN</small> T<small>EIG GEKOMMEN SIND UND IHN ZUSAMMEN GESÄUERT HABEN</small>, <small>SO IST ER</small> L<small>AIEN VERBOTEN UND</small> P<small>RIESTERN ERLAUBT</small>; R. Š<small>IMO͑N ERLAUBT IHN</small> L<small>AIEN UND</small> P<small>RIESTERN</small>.",
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49 |
+
"XV. W<small>ENN</small> G<small>EWÜRZE VON</small> H<small>EBE UND VON</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT</small> (<small>DES</small> W<small>EINBERGES</small>), <small>VON DENEN WEDER DAS EINE NOCH DAS ANDERE ZUR</small> W<small>ÜRZUNG AUSREICHT</small>, <small>IN DEN</small> T<small>OPF GEFALLEN SIND UND IHN ZUSAMMEN GEWÜRZT HABEN</small>, <small>SO IST</small> [<small>DIE</small> S<small>PEISE</small>] L<small>AIEN VERBOTEN UND</small> P<small>RIESTERN ERLAUBT</small>; R. Š<small>IMO͑N ERLAUBT SIE</small> P<small>RIESTERN UND</small> L<small>AIEN</small>.",
|
50 |
+
"XVI. W<small>ENN EIN</small> S<small>TÜCK VON</small> H<small>OCHHEILIGEM</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Teile von Opfern, deren Genuß nur Priestern erlaubt ist.</i>, V<small>ERWERFLICHEM UND</small> Ü<small>BRIGGEBLIEBENEM ZUSAMMEN MIT ANDEREN</small> S<small>TÜCKEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Von Profanem, in einem Quantum, daß nur eines der genannten verbotenen Stücke aufgeht.</i><small>GEKOCHT WORDEN SIND</small>, <small>SO IST ES</small> L<small>AIEN VERBOTEN UND</small> P<small>RIESTERN ERLAUBT</small>; R. Š<small>IMO͑N ERLAUBT ES</small> L<small>AIEN UND</small> P<small>RIESTERN</small>.",
|
51 |
+
"XVII. W<small>ENN</small> F<small>LEISCH VON</small> H<small>OCHHEILIGEM UND</small> F<small>LEISCH VON</small> M<small>INDERHEILIGEM<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Opfer, deren Genuß auch Laien erlaubt ist.</i>MIT GEMEINEM</small> F<small>LEISCHE GEKOCHT WORDEN SIND</small>, <small>SO IST ES</small> U<small>NREINEN VERBOTEN UND</small> R<small>EINEN ERLAUBT</small>."
|
52 |
+
],
|
53 |
+
[
|
54 |
+
"<b>E</b>IN G<small>EWAND</small>, <small>DAS MAN MIT</small> S<small>CHALEN VON</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEM GEFÄRBT HAT</small>, <small>IST ZU VERBRENNEN</small>. I<small>ST ES MIT ANDEREN VERMISCHT WORDEN</small>, <small>SO SIND ALLE ZU VERBRENNEN</small> – <small>SO</small> R. M<small>EÍR</small>; <small>DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN</small>, <small>ES GEHE UNTER ZWEIHUNDERT UND EINEM AUF</small>.",
|
55 |
+
"II. W<small>ENN MAN</small> [<small>EINEN</small> F<small>ADEN</small>] <small>IN DER</small> L<small>ÄNGE EINES</small> S<small>IṬ</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Längenmaß, wie die Entfernung zwischen Daumen und Zeigefinger.</i> <small>MIT</small> S<small>CHALEN VON</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEM GEFÄRBT UND IHN IN EIN</small> G<small>EWAND EINGEWEBT HAT</small>, <small>UND NICHT WEISS</small>, <small>WELCHER ES IST</small>, <small>SO IST DAS</small> G<small>EWAND</small>, <small>WIE</small> R. M<small>EÍR SAGT</small>, <small>ZU VERBRENNEN</small>; <small>DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN</small>, <small>ER GEHE UNTER ZWEIHUNDERT UND EINEM AUF</small>.",
|
56 |
+
"III. W<small>ENN MAN EINEN EINEN</small> S<small>IṬ LANGEN</small> F<small>ADEN AUS DER</small> W<small>OLLE EINER</small> E<small>RSTGEBURT IN EIN</small> G<small>EWAND EINWEBT</small>, <small>SO IST DAS</small> G<small>EWAND ZU VERBRENNEN</small>. W<small>ENN VOM</small> H<small>AARE EINES</small> N<small>AZIRÄERS ODER DER</small> E<small>RSTGEBURT EINES</small> E<small>SELS IN EINEN</small> S<small>ACK</small>, <small>SO IST DER</small> S<small>ACK ZU VERBRENNEN</small>. W<small>ENN VOM</small> H<small>EILIGENGUT</small>, <small>SO MACHT JEDES</small> Q<small>UANTUM HEILIG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Weil man es auslösen kann.</i>.",
|
57 |
+
"IV. E<small>INE</small> S<small>PEISE</small>, <small>DIE MAN MIT</small> S<small>CHALEN VON</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEM GEKOCHT HAT</small>, <small>IST ZU VERBRENNEN</small>; <small>IST SIE MIT ANDEREN VERMISCHT WORDEN</small>, <small>SO GEHT SIE UNTER ZWEIHUNDERT UND EINEM AUF</small>.",
|
58 |
+
"V. W<small>ENN MAN EINEN</small> O<small>FEN MIT</small> S<small>CHALEN VON</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEM GEHEIZT UND DARIN</small> B<small>ROT GEBACKEN HAT</small>, <small>SO IST DAS</small> B<small>ROT ZU VERBRENNEN</small>; <small>IST ES MIT ANDEREN</small> B<small>ROTEN VERMISCHT WORDEN</small>, <small>SO GEHT ES UNTER ZWEIHUNDERT UND EINEM AUF</small>.",
|
59 |
+
"VI. H<small>AT JEMAND</small> B<small>ÜNDEL</small> B<small>OCKSHORNKLEE VON</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT</small> (<small>DES</small> W<small>EINBERGES</small>), <small>SO SIND SIE ZU VERBRENNEN</small>; <small>SIND SIE MIT ANDEREN VERMISCHT WORDEN</small>, <small>SO SIND ALLE ZU VERBRENNEN</small> – <small>SO</small> R. M<small>EÍR</small>; <small>DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN</small>, <small>SIE GEHEN UNTER ZWEIHUNDERT UND EINEM AUF</small>.",
|
60 |
+
"VII. R. M<small>EÍR SAGTE ALSO</small>: W<small>AS MAN</small> [<small>BEIM</small> V<small>ERKAUF</small>] <small>GEWÖHNLICH ZÄHLT</small>, <small>MACHT ZUM</small> G<small>ENUSSE VERBOTEN</small>. D<small>IE</small> W<small>EISEN ABER SAGEN</small>: N<small>UR SECHS</small> D<small>INGE MACHEN ZUM</small> G<small>ENUSSE VERBOTEN</small>, <small>UND WIE</small> R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGT</small>, <small>SIEBEN</small>. U<small>ND ZWAR</small>: Z<small>ERREIBBARE</small> N<small>ÜSSE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Viell. Krachmandeln; nach anderen ist <span dir=\"rtl\">פרך</span> Ortsname.</i>, <small>BADANISCHE</small> G<small>RANATÄPFEL</small>, <small>VERSPUNDETE</small> F<small>ÄSSER</small>, M<small>ANGOLDSTRÜNKE</small>, K<small>OHLTRIEBE UND GRIECHISCHER</small> K<small>ÜRBIS</small>; <small>WIE</small> R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGT</small>, <small>AUCH HAUSBACKENE</small> B<small>ROTE</small>. W<small>AS ZUM</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEN GEHÖRT</small>, M<small>ACHT ALS</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTES VERBOTEN</small>, <small>WAS ZUR</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT</small> (<small>DES</small> W<small>EINBERGES</small>), <small>ALS</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT</small> (<small>DES</small> W<small>EINBERGES</small>).",
|
61 |
+
"VIII. S<small>IND DIE</small> N<small>ÜSSE AUFGEKNACKT</small>, <small>DIE</small> G<small>RANATÄPFEL GESPALTEN</small>, <small>DIE</small> F<small>ÄSSER GEÖFFNET</small>, <small>DIE</small> K<small>ÜRBISSE ZERSCHNITTEN</small>, <small>DIE</small> B<small>ROTE DURCHGEBROCHEN</small>, <small>SO GEHEN SIE UNTER ZWEIHUNDERT UND EINEM AUF</small>.",
|
62 |
+
"IX. D<small>AS</small> Z<small>WEIFELHAFTE IN BETREFF DES</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEN IST IM</small> J<small>ISRAÉLLAND VERBOTEN UND IN</small> S<small>YRIEN ERLAUBT</small>; <small>IM</small> A<small>USLANDE DARF MAN GEHEN UND SOLCHE KAUFEN</small>, <small>NUR DARF MAN IHN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Den nicht jüdischen Gärtner.</i> <small>NICHT</small> [<small>DIE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE</small>] <small>SAMMELN SEHEN</small>. W<small>ENN AUSSERHALB EINES</small> W<small>EINBERGES</small>, <small>IN DEM</small> K<small>RÄUTER WACHSEN</small>, K<small>RÄUTER VERKAUFT WERDEN</small>, <small>SO SIND SIE IM</small> J<small>ISRAÉLLAND VERBOTEN UND IN</small> S<small>YRIEN ERLAUBT</small>; <small>IM</small> A<small>USLANDE DARF MAN GEHEN UND SAMMELN LASSEN</small>, <small>NUR NICHT EIGENHÄNDIG SAMMELN</small>. N<small>EUE</small> [F<small>ELDFRUCHT</small>]<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Vor Darbringung der Schwingegarbe.</i> <small>IST ÜBERALL NACH DER</small> T<small>ORA VERBOTEN</small>; <small>BEZÜGLICH DES</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEN IST ES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Daß das Verbot sich auch auf das Ausland erstreckt.</i> <small>EINE</small> [<small>ÜBERLIEFERTE</small>] H<small>ALAKHA</small>, <small>UND BEZÜGLICH</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT IST ES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Daß das Verbot sich auch auf das Ausland erstreckt.</i> <small>EINE</small> V<small>ERORDNUNG DER</small> S<small>CHRIFTKUNDIGEN</small>."
|
63 |
+
]
|
64 |
+
],
|
65 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
66 |
+
"Chapter",
|
67 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
68 |
+
]
|
69 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/English/Wikisource Mishna.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
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+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Orlah",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "http://he.wikisource.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%94",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Wikisource Mishna",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"license": "CC-BY-SA",
|
8 |
+
"actualLanguage": "en",
|
9 |
+
"languageFamilyName": "english",
|
10 |
+
"isBaseText": false,
|
11 |
+
"isSource": false,
|
12 |
+
"direction": "ltr",
|
13 |
+
"heTitle": "משנה ערלה",
|
14 |
+
"categories": [
|
15 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
16 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
17 |
+
],
|
18 |
+
"text": [
|
19 |
+
[
|
20 |
+
"One who plants [a fruit tree] to serve as a fence or for beams, it is exempt from [the laws of] <i>Orlah</i> [the fruit of a tree during the first three years after its planting, the consumption or usage of which is forbidden]. Rabbi Yose says, even if he intended the inner side to be for fruit and the outer side to be a fence, the inside fruit is subject [to <i>Orlah</i>] while the outside is exempt.",
|
21 |
+
"At the time that our forefathers came into the Land [of Israel], [and they] found [a tree] already planted, it was exempt [from the laws of <i>Orlah</i>]. If they planted [a fruit tree], even though [the Land] had not yet been conquered, it was subject. If one planted [a tree] for public use, it is subject. Rabbi Yehudah exempts it. If one planted [a tree] on public property, or if a non-Jew planted [a tree], or if a thief planted [a tree on property that was not his], or if one planted on a boat, or if it grew on its own, it is subject to <i>Orlah</i>.",
|
22 |
+
"A tree that was uprooted together with its rock-soil [the hard soil which is wrapped around the roots], [or] was swept away in a flood by a river together with its rock-soil, [and one added more soil and it started growing again], if it could have lived [just from the rock-soil] it is exempt; if not, it is subject. Rock-soil that became detached from one side, or that a plow shook it off, or that he shook it off until it [the rock soil] turned into loose soil, [and one added more soil and it started growing again], if it could have lived it is exempt; if not, it is subject.",
|
23 |
+
"A tree that was uprooted but one root remained is exempt. And how large must that root be? Rabban Gamliel says in the name of Rabbi Elazar the son of Yehudah of Bertota, as a stretching pin.",
|
24 |
+
"A tree that was uprooted and it had a rooted shoot [a low lying branch which was bent and planted into the ground] and the tree is now deriving nourishment [only] from the [new] shoot, the old tree now assumes the status of the shoot. If one [bent and] rooted [a series of branches] year after year, and it [the first shoot] became detached, one counts [the number of years for the laws of <i>Orlah</i>] from the time it became detached. [As for] grafted shoots of vines, and grafted vine shoots growing on other grafted, vine shoots, even though he rooted them in the ground, they are permitted. Rabbi Meir says, in a case where the strength [of the graft] is great, it is permitted; but where the strength [of the graft] is lacking it is prohibited. (So too) regarding a [rooted] shoot which has become detached and it is full of fruit, if [the fruit] increased [in size] one two-hundredth part [after its detachment] it is prohibited.",
|
25 |
+
"A shoot of <i>Orlah</i> or a shoot of <i>Kilayim</i> [a general term for the product of forbidden crossbreeding or working of certain animals with one another, planting together certain plants, or interweaving certain fibers] that became mixed up with [other] shoots - these, he must not gather. If he did gather them, it becomes neutralized in [a mixture of] two hundred and one, provided that he did not intentionally gather them. Rabbi Yose says, even if he gathered them deliberately [in order to neutralize them], it [still] becomes neutralized in two hundred and one.",
|
26 |
+
"Leaves, sprouts, the sap of vines and vine buds, are permitted regarding [the laws of] <i>Orlah</i>, <i>Revai</i> [the fruit of a tree in the fourth year after its planting, which must be taken to Jerusalem and consumed there] and to a Nazirite, but are prohibited regarding [the laws of] <i>Asherah</i> [idolatrous tree of which all benefit is prohibited]. Rabbi Yose says, vine-buds are prohibited, because they are [considered] a fruit. Rabbi Eliezer says, if one curdles milk with the resin of <i>Orlah</i>, it is prohibited. Rabbi Yehoshua said, I have heard explicitly [i.e., I have a received tradition] that if one curdles with resin of leaves or the resin of roots, it is permitted; with the resin of unripe fruit, it is forbidden, because they are [considered] a fruit.",
|
27 |
+
"Defective grapes, grape pits, grape skins, and wine made from [soaking] them [in water], the outer skin of the pomegranate and its sprout [at the top], nutshells, and fruit pits, are prohibited regarding <i>Orlah</i>, <i>Asherah</i>, and to a Nazirite, while they are permitted regarding <i>Revai</i>. Fruit that fell before becoming ripe are prohibited with regard to all [of the aforementioned laws].",
|
28 |
+
"Rabbi Yose says, we may plant a shoot from an <i>Orlah</i> [tree], but we may not plant a nut from an <i>Orlah</i>, because it is a fruit. And one may not graft using palm branches [with dates] of an <i>Orlah</i>."
|
29 |
+
]
|
30 |
+
],
|
31 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
32 |
+
"Chapter",
|
33 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
34 |
+
]
|
35 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/English/merged.json
ADDED
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+
{
|
2 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Orlah",
|
3 |
+
"language": "en",
|
4 |
+
"versionTitle": "merged",
|
5 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Orlah",
|
6 |
+
"text": [
|
7 |
+
[
|
8 |
+
"One who plants [a fruit tree] as a fence or to provide wood beams, it is exempt from [the law of] orlah. Rabbi Yose says: even if he said “The inward [facing part of the tree] is for food, and the outward [facing part] is for a fence,” the inward [facing part] is subject [to orlah], and the outward [facing part] is exempt.",
|
9 |
+
"If at the time when our ancestors came into the land and they found [a tree already] planted it was exempt [from the laws of orlah]. If they planted [a tree], even though they had not yet conquered [the land], it was subject [to orlah]. If one planted a tree for [the use of] the many, it is subject. But Rabbi Judah makes it exempt. If one has planted [a tree] in the public domain, or if a non-Jew has planted, or if a robber has planted, or one who plants on a boat, or [a tree] that has grown of itself, it is subject to orlah.",
|
10 |
+
"If a tree was uprooted and the hard soil together with it, or if a stream swept it away and the hard soil together with it, [then] if it could have lived it is exempt, But if [it could] not, it is subject. If the hard soil has been detached from its side, or if a ploughshare shook it, or if someone shook it, and one reset it with earth, [then] if it could have lived, it is exempt, But if not, it is subject.",
|
11 |
+
"If a tree was uprooted and one root was left [in the ground], it is exempt. How much must the [thickness of the] root be? Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel said in the name of Rabb Eliezer ben Judah a man of Bartota: as [thick as] a pin [used for] stretching.",
|
12 |
+
"A tree which was uprooted and it has a bent-down [and rooted] shoot, and it [the tree] derives sustenance from it [the shoot], the old [tree] is [considered] like the shoot. If one bends [and roots] from it year after year, and it became detached, one counts from the time it became detached. A grafted shoot of vines, and a grafted shoot [growing] on another grafted shoot, even if he rooted them in the soil, they are permitted. Rabbi Meir said: in an instance where it is strongly [grafted], it is permitted, but in an instance where it is poorly [grafted], it is prohibited. A bent-down [and rooted] shoot that has become detached and is full of fruit, [then] if it increased one two hundredth, it is prohibited.",
|
13 |
+
"If a shoot of orlah or a vineyard in which seeds had been planted (kilayim), became mixed up with [other] shoots, behold one may not gather [the fruit]. But if one has gathered [it], it is neutralized in two hundred-and-one, provided that he did not act deliberately. Rabbi Yose says: even if he acted deliberately, it becomes neutralized in two hundred-and-one.",
|
14 |
+
"Leaves, sprouts, sap of vines, and vine-buds are permitted in respect of orlah and the laws of the fourth year, and to a nazirite, but are prohibited if they come from an Asherah [tree]. Rabbi Yose says: vine-buds are prohibited because they are fruit. Rabbi Eliezer said: if one curdles [milk] with the resinous substances of [a tree liable to] orlah, it is prohibited. Rabbi Joshua said: I have received an explicit tradition that if one curdles [milk] with the resinous substance of the leaves, or with the resinous substance of the roots, it is permitted, but with the resinous substance of the unripe berries, it is prohibited, because these are fruit.",
|
15 |
+
"Defective grapes, grape kernels, grape husks, and the temed drink made from them, the peel of a pomegranate and its sprout, nutshells, and fruit-seeds, are all subject to the laws of orlah, asherah and a nazirite, but permitted in respect of a fourth year vineyard. Fallen unripe fruit is subject to all of them.",
|
16 |
+
"Rabbi Yose says: one may plant a shoot of orlah; But one may not plant a nut of orlah, because it is fruit. And one may not graft early date berries of orlah."
|
17 |
+
],
|
18 |
+
[
|
19 |
+
"Terumah, terumat maaser of demai, hallah and bikkurim, are neutralized in a hundred-and-one mixture. And they are reckoned together [to form the statutory minimum]. And it is necessary to remove [from the mixture an amount equal to that of the consecrated produce contained in it]. Orlah and kilayim of the vineyard are neutralized in a two-hundred-and-one mixture. And they are reckoned together [to form the statutory minimum]. But it is not necessary to remove [from the mixture an amount equal to that of the consecrated produce contained in it]. Rabbi Shimon says: they are not reckoned together. Rabbi Eliezer says: they are reckoned together when they impart flavor, but not to prohibit.",
|
20 |
+
"Terumah can void orlah, and orlah can void terumah. How so? [For instance] a seah of terumah fell into one hundred, and afterwards three kavs of orlah or three kavs of mixed-seeds of the vineyard [fell in]. This is [an instance] where terumah goes towards neutralizing orlah, and orlah terumah.",
|
21 |
+
"Orlah can void kilayim, and kilayim [can void] orlah, and orlah [can void] orlah. How so? A seah of orlah falls into two hundred [seahs] and afterwards there falls in a seah and a little bit more of orlah, or a seah and a little bit more of kilayim of the vineyard--this is [a case] where orlah can void kilayim, and kilayim [can void] orlah, and orlah [can void] orlah.",
|
22 |
+
"Whatever causes something to ferment, or seasons, or makes medumma with terumah, with orlah or with ‘mixed-seeds’ of the vineyard, is prohibited. Bet Shammai says: it also renders unclean. But Bet Hillel says: it never renders unclean unless it has the volume of an egg.",
|
23 |
+
"Dostai of Kefar Yitmah was one of the disciples of Bet Shammai, and he said, “I received a tradition from Shammai the elder who said: “It never renders unclean unless it contains the volume of an egg.”",
|
24 |
+
"Concerning what did they say: “Anything that causes fermentation or seasons or which renders medumma we rule stringently”? [In the case of] a species [mixed] with its [like] species. [When did they say] “we rule [sometimes] leniently and [sometimes] stringently”? [In the case of] a species [mixed] with a different kind of species. How so? If leaven of wheat fell into dough of wheat and there is enough to cause fermentation, [then] whether there is enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, or there is not enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, it is prohibited. If there is not enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, [then] whether there is enough to cause fermentation, or there is not enough to cause fermentation, it is prohibited.",
|
25 |
+
"[We rule sometimes] leniently and [sometimes] stringently, [in the case of] a species [mixed] with a different kind of species. How so? If crushed beans were boiled together with lentils, and there is enough of them [the crushed beans] to impart flavor, [then] whether there is enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, or there is not enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, it is prohibited. [But] if there is not enough to impart flavor, [then] whether there is enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, or there is not enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, [the mixture] is permitted.",
|
26 |
+
"If leaven of hullin has fallen into dough, and there was enough of it to cause fermentation, and after that leaven of terumah fell in or leaven of kilayim of the vineyard, and there is enough to cause fermentation, [the dough] is prohibited.",
|
27 |
+
"If leaven of hullin has fallen into dough and caused it to ferment, and after that there fell in leaven of terumah or of kilayim of the vineyard, and there was enough to cause fermentation, [the dough] is prohibited. But Rabbi Shimon permits it.",
|
28 |
+
"Seasonings [consisting] of two or three categories of one species, or [consisting] of three species [of one category], are forbidden and combine. Rabbi Shimon said: Two or three categories of one species, or two species of one category, do not combine.",
|
29 |
+
"Leaven of hullin and of terumah fell into dough, and neither this was sufficient to cause fermentation nor was that sufficient to cause fermentation, but together they caused [the dough] to ferment:Rabbi Eliezer says: I go after the last. But the sages say: whether the prohibited fell in first or last, it never causes the dough to become prohibited unless there is enough to cause fermentation.",
|
30 |
+
"Yoezer, master of the temple (Ish Habirah), was one of the disciples of Bet Shammai and he said: I asked Rabban Gamaliel the elder as he was standing at the eastern gate [of the Temple], and he said: it never causes the dough to become prohibited unless there is enough to cause fermentation.",
|
31 |
+
"Vessels which were oiled with unclean oil, and [later] he returned and oiled them with clean oil; Or he [first] oiled them with clean oil, and [later] he returned [to them] and oiled them with unclean oil: Rabbi Eliezer says: “I go after the first.” And the sages say: after the last.",
|
32 |
+
"Leaven of terumah and of kilayim of the vineyard which fell into dough, this one is not sufficient to cause fermentation, nor is that one sufficient to cause fermentation, but together they cause fermentation:It [the dough] is prohibited to non-priests and permitted to priests. Rabbi Shimon permits it to both to non-priests and to priests.",
|
33 |
+
"Seasonings of terumah and of kilayim of the vineyard that fell into a dish, and there is not enough of one to season, nor is there of the other to season, but together they seasoned:It [the dish] is prohibited to non-priests but permitted to priests. Rabbi Shimon declares it permitted to non-priests and to priests.",
|
34 |
+
"A piece of [meat from] one of the most holy [sacrifices] and [a piece] of [meat which is] piggul, or remnant, which were cooked with other pieces, it [the non-sacred meat] is prohibited to non-priests but permitted to priests. Rabbi Shimon declares it permitted to non-priests and to priests.",
|
35 |
+
"Meat of most holy [sacrifices] and meat of less holy [sacrifices] were cooked together with ordinary meat: [the dish] is prohibited to the unclean, but permitted to the clean."
|
36 |
+
],
|
37 |
+
[
|
38 |
+
"A garment dyed with peels of orlah [fruit] must be burned. If it became mixed up with other [garments], all of them shall be burned, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: it becomes neutralized in two-hundred-and-one.",
|
39 |
+
"If one dyed a thread the whole [length] of a sit with orlah peels, and wove it into a garment, and it is not known which [thread] it is:Rabbi Meir says: the garment must be burned; But the sages say: it becomes neutralized in two-hundred-and-one.",
|
40 |
+
"If one wove thread the whole [length] of a sit from [the wool of a] first-born animal into a garment, the garment must be burned. [If from] the hair of a nazirite or of the first-born of a donkey into sack-cloth, the sack-cloth must be burned. And if even the smallest amount [from wool or hair of] consecrated [animals], that which it is woven into] is consecrated.",
|
41 |
+
"A dish which one cooked with shells of orlah must be burned. If [the dish] became mixed up with other [dishes], it becomes neutralized in two-hundred-and-one.",
|
42 |
+
"An oven that was lit with shells of orlah, and then one baked bread in it, the bread must be burned. If it became mixed up with other [loaves] it becomes neutralized in two-hundred-and-one.",
|
43 |
+
"If one has bundles of fenugreek of kilayim of the vineyard, they must be burned. If they became mixed up with others, all of them must be burned, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say they become neutralized in two-hundred-and-one.",
|
44 |
+
"For Rabbi Meir used to say: anything that is normally [sold] by counting causes [a mixture] to become consecrated [in even the smallest amount]. But the sages say only six things consecrate [a mixture in even the smallest amount], and Rabbi Akiba says seven [things]. And these are they: Nuts with soft shells; badan pomegranates; stopped-up casks; beet shoots; cabbage-heads; Greek pumpkins. Rabbi Akiba says: also loaves [baked by] a householder. To those to which orlah applies [they prohibit the mixture] as orlah, [to those of which] kilayim of the vineyard apply [they prohibit the mixture as] kilayim of the vineyard.",
|
45 |
+
"How so? If the nuts cracked, or if the pomegranates burst open, or the casks became unstopped, or the pumpkins were cut, or the loaves were broken up, they become neutralized in two-hundred-and-one.",
|
46 |
+
"Doubtful orlah: in the land of Israel is prohibited, in Syria is permitted, and outside the land one may go down and purchase [from a non-Israelite] as long as he has not seen him gathering it. A vineyard planted with vegetables [which are kilayim], and they [the vegetables] are sold outside of it: in the land of Israel these are prohibited, and in Syria they are permitted; outside the land one may go down and purchase them as long as he does not gather [them] with [one’s own] hand. New [produce] is prohibited by the Torah in all places. And orlah is a halachah. And kilayim are an enactment of the scribes."
|
47 |
+
]
|
48 |
+
],
|
49 |
+
"versions": [
|
50 |
+
[
|
51 |
+
"Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
|
52 |
+
"http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/"
|
53 |
+
]
|
54 |
+
],
|
55 |
+
"heTitle": "משנה ערלה",
|
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"categories": [
|
57 |
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"Mishnah",
|
58 |
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"Seder Zeraim"
|
59 |
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],
|
60 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
61 |
+
"Chapter",
|
62 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
63 |
+
]
|
64 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
ADDED
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+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "he",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Orlah",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "https://archive.org/details/MishnaCorrectedKaufman00WHOLE",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"license": "PD",
|
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+
"digitizedBySefaria": true,
|
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"actualLanguage": "he",
|
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"languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
|
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"isSource": true,
|
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"isPrimary": true,
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"direction": "rtl",
|
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"heTitle": "משנה ערלה",
|
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"categories": [
|
16 |
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"Mishnah",
|
17 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
18 |
+
],
|
19 |
+
"text": [
|
20 |
+
[
|
21 |
+
"<small>א</small>\nהַנּוֹטֵעַ לַסְּיָג וְלַקּוֹרוֹת, \nפָּטוּר מִן הָעָרְלָה. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאֲפִלּוּ אָמַר: \nהַפְּנִימִי לְמַאֲכָל וְהַחִיצוֹן לַסְּיָג, \nהַפְּנִימִי חַיָּב, \nוְהַחִיצוֹן פָּטוּר. \n",
|
22 |
+
"<small>ב</small>\nעֵת שֶׁבָּאוּ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ לָאָרֶץ, מָצְאוּ נָטוּעַ, \nפָּטוּר. \nנָטְעוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא כִבֵּשׁוּ, \nחַיָּב. \nהַנּוֹטֵעַ לָרַבִּים, \nחַיָּב. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה פוֹטֵר. \nהַנּוֹטֵעַ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, \nוְנָכְרִי שֶׁנָּטַע, \nוְהַגָּזְלָן שֶׁנָּטַע, \nוְהַנּוֹטֵעַ בִּסְפִינָה, \nוְהָעוֹלֶה מֵאֵלָיו, \nחַיָּב בָּעָרְלָה. \n",
|
23 |
+
"<small>ג</small>\nאִילָן שֶׁנֶּעֱקַר וְהַסֶּלַע עִמּוֹ, \nשְׁטָפוֹ נָהָר וְהַסֶּלַע עִמּוֹ, \nאִם יָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת, פָּטוּר, \nוְאִם לָאו, חַיָּב. \nנֶעְקַר הַסֶּלַע מִצִּדּוֹ, \nאוֹ שֶׁזִּעְזְעַתּוֹ הַמַּחֲרֵשָׁה, \nאוֹ שֶׁזִּעְזְעַתּוֹ וַעֲשָׂאוֹ כֶעָפָר, \nאִם יָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת, פָּטוּר. \nוְאִם לָאו, חַיָּב. \n",
|
24 |
+
"<small>ד</small>\nאִילָן שֶׁנֶּעְקַר, וְנִשְׁתַּיַּר בּוֹ שֹׁרֶשׁ, \nפָּטוּר. \nוְכַמָּה יְהֵא בַשֹּׁרֶשׁ? \nרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר \nמִשֵּׁם רְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן יְהוּדָה אִישׁ בִּרְתוֹתָא: \nכְּמַחַט שֶׁלְּמִיתוּן. \n",
|
25 |
+
"<small>ה</small>\nאִילָן שֶׁנֶּעְקַר וּבוֹ בְרֵכָה, \nוְהוּא חָיֶה מִמֶּנָּה, \nחָזְרָה הַזְּקֵנָה לִהְיוֹת כִּבְרֵכָה. \nהִבְרִיכָה שָׁנָה אַחַר שָׁנָה, וְנִפְסָקָה, \nמוֹנֶה מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁנִּפְסָקָה. \nסִפּוּק גְּפָנִים, \nסִפּוּק עַל סִפּוּק, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִבְרִיכָה בָאָרֶץ, מֻתָּר. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nמְקוֹם שֶׁכֹּחָהּ יָפֶה, מֻתָּר, \nמְקוֹם שֶׁכֹּחָהּ רַע, אָסוּר. \nבְּרֵכָה שֶׁנִּפְסָקָה וְהִיא מְלֵאָה פֵרוֹת, \nאִם הוֹסִיף בְּמָאתַיִם, אָסוּר. \n",
|
26 |
+
"<small>ו</small>\nנְטִיעָה שֶׁלָּעָרְלָה וְשֶׁלְּכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ בִנְטִיעוֹת, \nהֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִלְקֹט, \nוְאִם לָקַט, יַעֲלֶה בְאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם, <באחת>\nוּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִתְכַּוֵּן לִלְקֹט. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאִם נִתְכַּוַּן לִלְקֹט, \nיַעֲלֶה בְאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם. \n",
|
27 |
+
"<small>ז</small>\nהֶעָלִים, וְהַלּוּלַבִּין, וּמֵי גְפָנִים, וְהַסְּמָדַר, \nמֻתָּרִים בָּעָרְלָה, בָּרְבָעִי וּבַנָּזִיר, \nוַאֲסוּרִין בָּאֲשֵׁרָה. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nהַסְּמָדַר אָסוּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פֶרִי. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nהַמַּעֲמִיד בְּשֶׂרֶף הָעָרְלָה, אָסוּר. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \nשָׁמַעְתִּי בְּפֵרוּשׁ, \nשֶׁהַמַּעֲמִיד בְּשֶׂרֶף הֶעָלִים, אָסוּר,\nבְּשֶׂרֶף הָעִקָּרִים, מֻתָּר, \nבְּשֶׂרֶף הַפַּגִּים, אָסוּר, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן פֶּרִי. \n",
|
28 |
+
"<small>ח</small>\nעַנְקוֹקְלוֹת, וְהַחַרְצַנִּים, \nוְהַזָּגִּים, וְהַתָּמָד שֶׁלָּהֶם, <והזוגים>\nקְלִפֵּי רִמּוֹנִים וְהַנֵּץ שֶׁלּוֹ, \nקְלִפּ��י אֱגוֹזִים, וְהַגַּלְעַנִּים, \nאֲסוּרִים בָּעָרְלָה, וּבָאֲשֵׁרָה, וּבַנָּזִיר, \nוּמֻתָּרִין בָּרְבָעִי. <ברביעי> \nוְהַנּוֹבְלוֹת כֻּלָּם אֲסוּרוֹת. \n",
|
29 |
+
"<small>ט</small>\nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nנוֹטְעִים יֵחוּר שֶׁלָּעָרְלָה, \nוְאֵין נוֹטְעִין אֱגוֹז שֶׁלָּעָרְלָה, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פֶרִי. \nוְאֵין מַרְכִּיבִין בְּכַפּוֹנְיוֹת שֶׁלָּעָרְלָה. \n\n\n\n"
|
30 |
+
],
|
31 |
+
[
|
32 |
+
"<small>א</small>\nהַתְּרוּמָה, וּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר, \nוּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁלִּדְמַי, \nהַחַלָּה, וְהַבִּכּוּרִים, \nעוֹלִים בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, \nוּמִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה, \nוְצָרִיךְ לְהָרִים. <ואינו צריך. קו מעל אינו> \nהָעָרְלָה וְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם \nעוֹלִים בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם, \nוּמִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה, \nוְאֵינוּ צָרִיךְ לְהָרִים. <וצריך. 'וְאֵינוּ' מוסף בגיליון> \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nאֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nמִצְטָרְפִין בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, \nאֲבָל לֹא לוֹסַר. \n",
|
33 |
+
"<small>ב</small>\nהַתְּרוּמָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה, \nוְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. \nכֵּיצַד? \nסְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפְלוּ שְׁלֹשֶׁת קַבִּים עָרְלָה, \nאוֹ שְׁלֹשֶׁת קַבִּים שֶׁלְּכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, \nזוֹ הִיא שֶׁהַתְּרוּמָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה, \nוְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. \n",
|
34 |
+
"<small>ג</small>\nהָעָרְלָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הַכִּלְאַיִם, \nוְהַכִּלְאַיִם מַעֲלִין אֶת הָעָרְלָה, \nוְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה. \nכֵּיצַד? \nסְאָה עָרְלָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמָאתַיִם, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפְלָה סְאָה וְעוֹד עָרְלָה, \nאוֹ סְאָה וְעוֹד שֶׁלְּכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, \nזוֹ הִיא שֶׁהָעָרְלָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הַכִּלְאַיִם, \nוְהַכִּלְאַיִם אֶת הָעָרְלָה, \nוְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ד</small>\nכָּל הַמְּחַמֵּץ וְהַמְּתַבֵּל וְהַמְּדַמֵּעַ <מְּדַמֵּעַ>\nבַּתְּרוּמָה וּבָעָרְלָה וּבְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, \nאוֹסֵר. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nאַף מְטַמֵּא. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nלְעוֹלָם אֵינוּ מְטַמֵּא, \nעַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בוֹ כַּבֵּיצָה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ה</small>\nדּוֹסְתַּי אִישׁ כְּפַר יַתְמָה, <ידמה>\nהָיָה מִתַּלְמִידֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי, וְאָמַר: \nשָׁאַלְתִּי אֶת שַׁמַּי הַזָּקֵן, וְאָמַר: \nלְעוֹלָם אֵינוּ מְטַמֵּא עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בוֹ כַּבֵּיצָה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ו</small>\nוְלָמָּה אָמָרוּ: \nכָּל הַמְּחַמֵּץ וְהַמְתַבֵּל מְדַמֵּעַ מִין בְּמִינוֹ לְהַחְמִיר, <המדמע>\nוּלְהָקֵל [וּלְהַחְמִיר] מִין בְּשֶׁאֵינוּ מִינוֹ? \nכֵּיצַד? \nשְׂאוֹר שֶׁלַּחִטִּים שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ עִסַּת חִטִּים, \nוְיֶשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, \nבֵּין שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ לְהַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, \nבֵּין שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ לְהַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, <לעלות>\nאָסוּר. \nאֵין בּוֹ לְהַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, <לעלות> \nבֵּין שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ כְּדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, \nבֵּין שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ כְּדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, \nאָסוּר. \n",
|
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"<small>ז</small>\nלְהָקֵל וּלְהַחְמִיר מִין בְּשֶׁאֵינוּ מִינוֹ, \nכֵּיצַד? \nגְּרִיסִין שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִם עֲדָשִׁים, \nוְיֵשׁ בָּהֶן בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, \nבֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, \nבֵּין שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, \nאָסוּר. \nאֵין בָּהֶן בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, \nבֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, \nבֵּין שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, \nמֻתָּר. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ח</small>\nשְׂאוֹר שֶׁלַּחֻלִּין שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ עִסַּת חֻלִּין, <סאור. וכן כולם>\nוְיֶשׁ בּוֹ כְּדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפַל שְׂאוֹר שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, \nאוֹ שְׂאוֹר שֶׁלְּכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, \nאִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ כְּדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, \nאָסוּר. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ט</small>\nשְׂאוֹר שֶׁלַּחֻלִּין שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה וְחִמְּצָהּ, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפַל שְׂאוֹר שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, \nאוֹ שְׂאוֹר שֶׁלְּכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, \nאִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ כְּדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, \nאָסוּר. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר. \n",
|
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+
"<small>י</small>\nתַּבְלִים, \nשְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשָׁה שֵׁמוֹת מִמִּין אֶחָד, אוֹ מִשְׁלֹשָׁה, \nאָסוּר, וּמִצְטָרְפִין. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nשְׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת מִמִּין אֶחָד, \nאוֹ שְׁנֵי מִינִים מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, \nאֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין. \n",
|
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"<small>יא</small>\nשְׂאוֹר שֶׁלַּחֻלִּין וְשֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה, \nלֹא בָזֶה כְּדֵי לְחַמֵּץ וְלֹא בָזֶה כְּדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, \nוְנִצְטָרְפוּ וְחִמֵּצוּ, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nאַחַר הָאַחֲרוֹן אֲנִי בָא. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nבֵּין שֶׁנָּפַל אִסּוּר בַּתְּחִלָּה בֵין בַּסּוֹף, \nלְעוֹלָם אֵינוּ אוֹסֵר עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בוֹ כְּדֵי לְחַמֵּץ. \n",
|
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+
"<small>יב</small>\nיוֹעֶזֶר אִישׁ הַבִּירָה הָיָה מִתַּלְמִידֵי בֵית שַׁמַּי, \nוְאָמַר: \nשָׁאַלְתִּי אֶת רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן עוֹמֵד בְּשַׁעַר הַמִּזְרָח, \nוְאָמַר: \nלְעוֹלָם אֵינוּ אוֹסֵר, \nעַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בוֹ כְּדֵי לְחַמֵּץ. \n",
|
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+
"<small>יג</small>\nכֵּלִים שֶׁסָּכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָמֵא, \nוְחָזַר וְסָכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָהוֹר, \nאוֹ שֶׁסָּכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָהוֹר, \nוְחָזַר וְסָכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָמֵא, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nאַחַר הָרִאשׁוֹן אֲנִי בָא. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאַחַר הָאַחֲרוֹן. \n",
|
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+
"<small>יד</small>\nשְׂאוֹר שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה וְשֶׁלְּכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה, <כרם>\nלֹא בָזֶה כְּדֵי לְחַמֵּץ וְלֹא בָזֶה כְּדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, \nוְנִצְטָרְפוּ וְחִמֵּצוּ, \nאָסוּר לַזָּרִים וּמֻתָּר לַכֹּהֲנִים. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר לַזָּרִים וְלַכֹּהֲנִים. \n",
|
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+
"<small>יה</small>\nתַּבְלִים שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה וְשֶׁלְּכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ קְדֵרָה, \nלֹא בָזֶה כְדֵי לְתַבֵּל, וְלֹא בָזֶה כְדֵי לְתַבֵּל, \nוְנִצְטָרְפוּ וְתִבֵּלוּ, \nאָסוּר לַזָּרִים, וּמֻתָּר לַכֹּהֲנִים. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר לַזָּרִים וְלַכֹּהֲנִים. \n",
|
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+
"<small>יו</small>\nחֲתִכָּה שֶׁלְּקָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים, \nוְשֶׁלַּפִּגּוּל וְשֶׁלַּנּוֹתָר, \nשֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִם הַחֲתִכּוֹת שֶׁלַּחֻלִּין, \nאָסוּר לַזָּרִים וּמֻתָּר לַכֹּהֲנִים. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר לַזָּרִים וְלַכֹּהֲנִים. \n",
|
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+
"בְּשַׂר קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים, \nוּבְשַׂר קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים, \nשֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִם בְּשַׂר הַתַּאֲוָה, \nאָסוּר לַטְּמֵאִים וּמֻתָּר לַטְּהוֹרִים. \n\n\n\n"
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<small>א</small>\nבֶּגֶד שֶׁצְּבָעוֹ בִקְלִפֵּי עָרְלָה, \nיִדָּלֵק. \nנִתְעָרַב בַּאֲחֵרִים, \nכֻּלָּם יִדָּלֵקוּ. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nיַעֲלֶה בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ב</small>\nהַצּוֹבֵעַ מְלֹא הַסִּיט בִּקְלִפֵּי עָרְלָה וַאֲרָגוֹ בַבֶּגֶד, \nוְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זֶה הוּא, \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nיִדָּלֵק הַבֶּגֶד. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nיַעֲלֶה בְאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ג</small>\nהָאוֹרֵג מְלֹא הַסִּיט מִצֶּמֶר הַבְּכוֹר בַּבֶּגֶד, \nיִדָּלֵק הַבֶּגֶד; \nמִשְּׂעַר נָזִיר, וּמִפֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר, \nבַּשַּׂק, \nיִדָּלֵק הַשַּׂק. \nוּבַמֻּקְדָּשִׁין, \nמְקַדְּשִׁין כָּל שֶׁהֵן. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ד</small>\nתַּבְשִׁיל שֶׁבִּשְּׁלוֹ בִקְלִפֵּי עָרְלָה, \nיִדָּלֵק. \nנִתְעָרַב בַּאֲחֵרִים, \nיַעֲלֶה בְאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ה</small>\nתַּנּוּר שֶׁהִסִּיקוֹ בִקְלִפֵּי עָרְלָה, \nוְאָפָה בוֹ אֶת הַפַּת, \nתִּדָּלֵק הַפַּת. \nנִתְעָרְבָה בַאֲחֵרוֹת, \nתַּעֲלֶה בְאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ו</small>\nמִי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ חֲבִלֵּי תַלְתָּן שֶׁלְּכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, \nיִדָּלֵקוּ. \nנִתְעָרְבוּ בַאֲחֵרִים, \nכֻּלָם יִדָּלֵקוּ. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nיַעֲלוּ בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ז</small>\nשֶׁהָיָה רְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nאֶת שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהִמָּנוֹת, מְקַדֵּשׁ. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינוּ מְקַדֵּשׁ אֶלָּא שִׁשָּׁה דְבָרִים. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nשִׁבְעָה. \n\n<small>ח</small>\nאֵלּוּ הֵן: \nאֱגוֹזֵי פְרָךְ, \nוְרִמּוֹנֵי בָדָן, \nחָבִיּוֹת סְתוּמוֹת, \nוְחוֹלְפוֹת תְּרָדִים, \nוְקָלְסֵי אֶכְרוּב, \nוְדַלַּעַת יְוָנִית. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nאַף כִּכָּרוֹת שֶׁלְּבַעַל הַבַּיִת. \nהָרָאוּי לָעָרְלָה, עָרְלָה, \nוּלְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם. <כרם>\n",
|
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+
"<small>ט</small>\nנִתְפַּצְּעוּ הָאֱגוֹזִים, \nנִתְפַּזְּרוּ הָרִמּוֹנִים, \nנִתְפַּתְּחוּ הַחֲבִיּוֹת, \nנִתְחַתְּכוּ הַדִּלּוּעִים, \nנִתְפָּרְסוּ הַכִּכָּרוֹת, \nיַעֲלוּ בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם. \n",
|
59 |
+
"<small>י</small>\nסְפֵק הָעָרְלָה, \nבְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אָסוּר, \nוּבְסוּרְיָא מֻתָּר, \nוּבְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, יוֹרֵד וְלוֹקֵחַ, \nוּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאֶנּוּ לוֹקֵט. \nכֶּרֶם נָטוּעַ יָרָק, \nוְיָרָק נִמְכָּר חוּצָה לוֹ, \nבְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אָסוּר, \nוּבְסוּרְיָא מֻתָּר, \nוּבְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, יוֹרֵד וְלוֹקֵט, \nוּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִלְקֹט בַּיָּד. \nהֶחָדָשׁ אָסוּר מִן הַתּוֹרָה בְּכָל מָקוֹם, \nוְהָעָרְלָה הֲלָכָה, \nוְהַכִּלְאַיִם מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים. \n"
|
60 |
+
]
|
61 |
+
],
|
62 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
63 |
+
"Chapter",
|
64 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
65 |
+
]
|
66 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
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|
1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "he",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Orlah",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001741739",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"priority": 2.0,
|
8 |
+
"license": "Public Domain",
|
9 |
+
"digitizedBySefaria": true,
|
10 |
+
"heversionSource": "http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_ALEPH00174173",
|
11 |
+
"versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה, מהדורת בית דפוס ראם, וילנא 1913",
|
12 |
+
"actualLanguage": "he",
|
13 |
+
"languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
|
14 |
+
"isBaseText": true,
|
15 |
+
"isSource": true,
|
16 |
+
"isPrimary": true,
|
17 |
+
"direction": "rtl",
|
18 |
+
"heTitle": "משנה ערלה",
|
19 |
+
"categories": [
|
20 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
21 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
22 |
+
],
|
23 |
+
"text": [
|
24 |
+
[
|
25 |
+
"הנוטע לסייג. ולקורות פטור מן הערלה ר' יוסי אומר אפילו אמר הפנימי למאכל. והחיצון לסייג. הפנימי חייב. והחיצון פטור: ",
|
26 |
+
"עת שבאו אבותינו לארץ מצאו נטוע פטור. נטעו אף על פי שלא כבשו חייב. הנוטע לרבים חייב. ר' יהודה פוטר. הנוטע ברשות הרבים. והעובד כוכבים שנטע. והגזלן שנטע. והנוטע בספינה. והעולה מאליו. חייב בערלה: ",
|
27 |
+
"אילן שנעקר והסלע עמו. שטפו נהר והסלע עמו. אם יכול לחיות פטור. ואם לאו חייב. נעקר הסלע מצדו. או שזעזעתו המחרישה. או שזעזעו ועשאו כעפר. אם יכול לחיות פטור. ואם לאו חייב: ",
|
28 |
+
"אילן שנעקר ונשתייר בו שורש פטור. וכמה יהא השורש. רבן גמליאל אומר משם רבי אלעזר בן יהודה איש ברתותא כמחט של מיתון: ",
|
29 |
+
"אילן שנעקר ובו בריכה. והוא חיה ממנה. חזרה הזקינה להיות כבריכה. הבריכה שנה אחר שנה ונפסקה. מונה משעה שנפסקה. סיפוק הגפנים וסיפוק על גבי סיפוק. אף על פי שהבריכן בארץ מותר. רבי מאיר אומר מקום שכחה יפה מותר. ומקום שכחה רע אסור. וכן בריכה שנפסקה והיא מלאה פירות. אם הוסיף במאתים אסור: ",
|
30 |
+
"נטיעה של ערלה. ושל כלאי הכרם שנתערבו בנטיעות. הרי זה לא ילקוט. ואם לקט יעלה באחד ומאתים. ובלבד שלא יתכוין ללקוט. רבי יוסי אומר אף יתכוין ללקוט ויעלו באחד ומאתים: ",
|
31 |
+
"העלים והלולבים. ומי גפנים. וסמדר. מותרים בערלה. וברבעי. ובנזיר. ואסורים באשרה. רבי יוסי אומר הסמדר אסור. מפני שהוא פרי. רבי אליעזר אומר המעמיד בשרף הערלה אסור. אמר ר' יהושע שמעתי בפירוש שהמעמיד בשרף העלים. בשרף העיקרים מותר. בשרף הפגים אסור. מפני שהם פרי: ",
|
32 |
+
"ענקוקלות. והחרצנים. והזגים. והתמד שלהם. קליפי רמון. והנץ שלו. קליפי אגוזים. והגרעינים. אסורים בערלה. ובאשרה. ובנזיר. ומותרין ברבעי. והנובלות כלם אסורות: ",
|
33 |
+
"רבי יוסי אומר נוטעין יחור של ערלה. ואין נוטעין אגוז של ערלה. מפני שהוא פרי. ואין מרכיבין בכפניות של ערלה: "
|
34 |
+
],
|
35 |
+
[
|
36 |
+
"התרומה ותרומת מעשר של דמאי החלה והבכורים. עולים באחד ומאה ומצטרפין זה עם זה. וצריך להרים. הערלה וכלאי הכרם. עולים באחד ומאתים. ומצטרפין זה עם זה. ואין צריך להרים. ר' שמעון אומר אינן מצטרפין. רבי אליעזר אומר מצטרפין בנותן טעם אבל לא לאסור: ",
|
37 |
+
"התרומה מעלה את הערלה. והערלה את התרומה. כיצד סאה תרומה שנפלה למאה. ואחר כך נפלו שלשה קבין ערלה. או שלשה קבין כלאי הכרם. זו היא שהתרומה מעלה את הערלה. והערלה את התרומה: ",
|
38 |
+
"הערלה מעלה את הכלאים. והכלאים את הערלה. והערלה את הערלה. כיצד סאה ערלה שנפלה למאתים. ואחר כך נפלה סאה ועוד ערלה. או סאה ועוד של כלאי הכרם. זו היא שהערלה מעלה את הכלאים. והכלאים את הערלה. והערלה את הערלה: ",
|
39 |
+
"כל המחמץ. והמתבל. והמדמע. בתרומה. ובערלה. ובכלאי הכרם. אסור. ובית שמאי אומרים אף מטמא. ובית הלל אומרים לעולם אינו מטמא עד שיהא בו כביצה: ",
|
40 |
+
"דוסתאי איש כפר יתמה היה מתלמידי בית שמאי. ואמר שמעתי משמאי הזקן שאמר לעולם אינו מטמא עד שיהא בו כביצה: ",
|
41 |
+
"ולמה אמרו כל המחמץ והמתבל והמדמע. להחמיר מין במינו. להקל ולהחמיר. מין בשאינו מינו. כיצד שאור של חטים שנפל תוך עיסת חטים ויש בו כדי לחמץ. בין שיש בו לעלות באחד ומאה. ובין שאין בו לעלות באחד ומאה אסור. אין בו לעלות במאה ואחד. בין שיש בו כדי לחמץ בין שאין בו כדי לחמץ אסור: ",
|
42 |
+
"להקל ולהחמיר מין בשאינו מינו כיצד. כגון גריסין שנתבשלו עם עדשים. ויש בהם בנותן טעם. בין שיש בהם לעלות באחד ומאה. ובין שאין בהם לעלות באחד ומאה אסור. אין בהם בנותן טעם. בין שיש בהם לעלות באחד ומאה ובין שאין בהם לעלות באחד ומאה. מותר: ",
|
43 |
+
"שאור של חולין שנפל לתוך עסה. ויש בו כדי לחמץ. ואחר כך נפל שאור. של תרומה. או שאור של כלאי הכרם. ויש בו כדי לחמץ אסור: ",
|
44 |
+
"שאור של חולין שנפל לתוך עסה וחמצה. ואחר כך נפל שאור של תרומה. או שאור של כלאי הכרם. ויש בו כדי לחמץ אסור. רבי שמעון מתיר: ",
|
45 |
+
"תבלין שנים ושלשה שמות ממין אחד או משלשה אסור ומצטרפין. ר' שמעון אומר שנים ושלשה שמות ממין אחד. או שני מינין משם אחד אינן מצטרפין: ",
|
46 |
+
"שאור של חולין ושל תרומה שנפלו לתוך עסה. לא בזה כדי לחמץ ולא בזה כדי לחמץ. נצטרפו וחמצו. ר' אליעזר אומר אחר האחרון אני בא. וחכמים אומרים בין שנפל איסור בתחלה בין בסוף. לעולם אינו אוסר עד שיהא בו די לחמץ: ",
|
47 |
+
"יועזר איש הבירה היה מתלמידי בית שמאי ואמר שאלתי את רבן גמליאל הזקן עומד בשער המזרח. ואמר לעולם אינו אוסר עד שיהא בו כדי לחמץ: ",
|
48 |
+
"כלים שסכן בשמן טמא וחזר וסכן בשמן טהור. או שסכן בשמן טהור. וחזר וסכן בשמן טמא. רבי אליעזר אומר אחר הראשון אני בא. וחכמים אומרים אחר האחרון: ",
|
49 |
+
"שאור של תרומה. ושל כלאי הכרם. שנפלו לתוך עסה. לא בזה כדי לחמץ. ולא בזה כדי לחמץ. ונצטרפו וחמצו. אסור לזרים ומותר לכהנים. רבי שמעון מתיר לזרים ולכהנים: ",
|
50 |
+
"תבלין של תרומה ושל כלאי הכרם שנפלו בקדירה. לא באלו כדי לתבל ולא באלו כדי לתבל. ונצטרפו ותבלו. אסור לזרים ומותר לכהנים. רבי שמעון מתיר לזרים ולכהנים: ",
|
51 |
+
"חתיכה של קדשי קדשים של פגול ושל נותר שנתבשלו עם החתיכות. אסור לזרים. ומותר לכהנים. רבי שמעון מתיר לזרים ולכהנים: ",
|
52 |
+
"בשר קדשי קדשים. ובשר קדשים קלים. שנתבשלו עם בשר התאוה. אסור לטמאים. ומותר לטהורים: "
|
53 |
+
],
|
54 |
+
[
|
55 |
+
"בגד שצבעו בקליפי ערלה ידלק. נתערב באחרים כלם ידלקו דברי ר' מאיר. וחכמים אומרים יעלה באחד ומאתים: ",
|
56 |
+
"הצובע מלא הסיט בקליפי ערלה. וארגו בבגד ואין ידוע איזה הוא. ר' מאיר אומר ידלק הבגד. וחכמים אומרים יעלה באחד ומאתים: ",
|
57 |
+
"האורג מלא הסיט מצמר הבכור בבגד. ידלק הבגד. ומשער הנזיר. ומפטר חמור בשק. ידלק השק. ובמוקדשין מקדשין כל שהן: ",
|
58 |
+
"תבשיל שבשלו בקליפי ערלה. ידלק. נתערב באחרים. יעלה באחר ומאתים: ",
|
59 |
+
"תנור שהסיקוהו בקליפי ערלה. ואפה בו את הפת. תדלק הפת. נתערבה באחרות תעלה באחד ומאתים: ",
|
60 |
+
"מי שהיו לו חבילי תלתן של כלאי הכרם. ידלקו. נתערבו באחרים כלם ידלקו. דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים יעלו באחד ומאתים: ",
|
61 |
+
"שהיה רבי מאיר אומר את שדרכו למנות מקדש וחכמים אומרים אינו מקדש אלא ששה דברים בלבד. ורבי עקיבא אומר שבעה. ואלו הם אגוזי פרך. רמוני בדן. וחביות סתומות. וחולפות תרדין. וקולסי כרוב. ודלעת יונית. רבי עקיבא אומר אף ככרות של בעל הבית. הראוי לערלה ערלה. לכלאי הכרם כלאי הכרם: ",
|
62 |
+
"כיצד נתפצעו האגוזים. נתפרדו הרמונים. נתפתחו החביות. נתחתכו הדלועים. נתפרסו הככרות. יעלו באחד ומאתים: ",
|
63 |
+
"ספק ערלה. בארץ ישראל אסור. ובסוריא מותר. ובחוצה לארץ יורד ולוקח. ובלבד שלא יראנו לוקט. כרם נטוע ירק וירק נמכר חוצה לו. בארץ ישראל אסור. ובסוריא מותר. ובחוצה לארץ יורד ולוקט. ובלבד שלא ילקוט ביד. החדש אסור מן התורה בכל מקום. והערלה הלכה. והכלאים מדברי סופרים: "
|
64 |
+
]
|
65 |
+
],
|
66 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
67 |
+
"Chapter",
|
68 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
69 |
+
]
|
70 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
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|
|
|
|
|
1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "he",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Orlah",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"priority": 3.0,
|
8 |
+
"license": "Public Domain",
|
9 |
+
"versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357",
|
10 |
+
"actualLanguage": "he",
|
11 |
+
"languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
|
12 |
+
"isBaseText": true,
|
13 |
+
"isSource": true,
|
14 |
+
"isPrimary": true,
|
15 |
+
"direction": "rtl",
|
16 |
+
"heTitle": "משנה ערלה",
|
17 |
+
"categories": [
|
18 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
19 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
20 |
+
],
|
21 |
+
"text": [
|
22 |
+
[
|
23 |
+
"הַנּוֹטֵעַ לִסְיָג וּלְקוֹרוֹת, פָּטוּר מִן הָעָרְלָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ אָמַר הַפְּנִימִי לְמַאֲכָל וְהַחִיצוֹן לִסְיָג, הַפְּנִימִי חַיָּב, וְהַחִיצוֹן פָּטוּר: \n",
|
24 |
+
"עֵת שֶׁבָּאוּ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ לָאָרֶץ, מָצְאוּ נָטוּעַ, פָּטוּר. נָטְעוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא כִבְּשׁוּ, חַיָּב. הַנּוֹטֵעַ לָרַבִּים, חַיָּב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹטֵר. הַנּוֹטֵעַ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, וְהַנָּכְרִי שֶׁנָּטַע, וְהַגַּזְלָן שֶׁנָּטַע, וְהַנּוֹטֵעַ בִּסְפִינָה, וְהָעוֹלֶה מֵאֵלָיו, חַיָּב בָּעָרְלָה: \n",
|
25 |
+
"אִילָן שֶׁנֶּעֱקַר וְהַסֶּלַע עִמּוֹ, שְׁטָפוֹ נָהָר וְהַסֶּלַע עִמּוֹ, אִם יָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת, פָּטוּר, וְאִם לָאו, חַיָּב. נֶעֱקַר הַסֶּלַע מִצִּדּוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁזִּעְזְעַתּוּ הַמַּחֲרֵשָׁה, אוֹ שֶׁזִּעְזְעוֹ וַעֲשָׂאוֹ כְעָפָר, אִם יָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת, פָּטוּר, וְאִם לָאו, חַיָּב: \n",
|
26 |
+
"אִילָן שֶׁנֶּעֱקַר וְנִשְׁתַּיֵּר בּוֹ שֹׁרֶשׁ, פָּטוּר. וְכַמָּה יְהֵא הַשֹּׁרֶשׁ, רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן יְהוּדָה אִישׁ בַּרְתּוֹתָא, כְּמַחַט שֶׁל מִתּוּן: \n",
|
27 |
+
"אִילָן שֶׁנֶּעֱקַר וּבוֹ בְרֵכָה, וְהוּא חָיֶּה מִמֶּנָּה, חָזְרָה הַזְּקֵנָה לִהְיוֹת כַּבְּרֵכָה. הִבְרִיכָהּ שָׁנָה אַחַר שָׁנָה, וְנִפְסְקָה, מוֹנֶה מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁנִּפְסְקָה. סִפּוּק הַגְּפָנִים, וְסִפּוּק עַל גַּבֵּי סִפּוּק, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִבְרִיכָן בָּאָרֶץ, מֻתָּר. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, מָקוֹם שֶׁכֹּחָהּ יָפֶה, מֻתָּר, וְמָקוֹם שֶׁכֹּחָהּ רָע, אָסוּר. וְכֵן בְּרֵכָה שֶׁנִּפְסְקָה וְהִיא מְלֵאָה פֵרוֹת, אִם הוֹסִיף בְּמָאתַיִם, אָסוּר: \n",
|
28 |
+
"נְטִיעָה שֶׁל עָרְלָה וְשֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ בִנְטִיעוֹת, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִלְקֹט. וְאִם לָקַט, יַעֲלֶה בְאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִתְכַּוֵּן לִלְקֹט. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף יִתְכַּוֵּן לִלְקֹט וְיַעֲלֶה בְאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם: \n",
|
29 |
+
"הֶעָלִים, וְהַלּוּלָבִים, וּמֵי גְּפָנִים, וּסְמָדַר, מֻתָּרִים בָּעָרְלָה וּבָרְבָעִי וּבַנָּזִיר, וַאֲסוּרִים בָּאֲשֵׁרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, הַסְּמָדַר אָסוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פְּרִי. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַמַּעֲמִיד בִּשְׂרָף הָעָרְלָה, אָסוּר. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שָׁמַעְתִּי בְּפֵרוּשׁ, שֶׁהַמַּעֲמִיד בִּשְׂרָף הֶעָלִים וּבִשְׂרָף הָעִקָּרִים, מֻתָּר, בִּשְׂרָף הַפַּגִּים, אָסוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם פְּרִי: \n",
|
30 |
+
"עַנְקוֹקְלוֹת, וְהַחַרְצַנִּים, וְהַזַּגִּים, וְהַתֶּמֶד שֶׁלָּהֶם, קְלִפֵּי רִמּוֹן וְהַנֵּץ שֶׁלּוֹ, קְלִפֵּי אֱגוֹזִים, וְהַגַּרְעִינִים, אֲסוּרִים בָּעָרְלָה, וּבָאֲשֵׁרָה, וּבַנָּזִיר, וּמֻתָּרִין בָּרְבָעִי. וְהַנּוֹבְלוֹת, כֻּלָּן אֲסוּרוֹת: \n",
|
31 |
+
"רַבִּ�� יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, נוֹטְעִין יִחוּר שֶׁל עָרְלָה, וְאֵין נוֹטְעִין אֱגוֹז שֶׁל עָרְלָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פְּרִי. וְאֵין מַרְכִּיבִין בְּכַפְנִיּוֹת שֶׁל עָרְלָה: \n"
|
32 |
+
],
|
33 |
+
[
|
34 |
+
"הַתְּרוּמָה, וּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל דְּמַאי, הַחַלָּה וְהַבִּכּוּרִים, עוֹלִים בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּמִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה, וְצָרִיךְ לְהָרִים. הָעָרְלָה וְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, עוֹלִים בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם, וּמִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לְהָרִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מִצְטָרְפִין בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, אֲבָל לֹא לֶאֱסֹר: \n",
|
35 |
+
"הַתְּרוּמָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה, וְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. כֵּיצַד, סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפְלוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה קַבִּין עָרְלָה, אוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה קַבִּין כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, זוֹ הִיא שֶׁהַתְּרוּמָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה וְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה: \n",
|
36 |
+
"הָעָרְלָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הַכִּלְאַיִם, וְהַכִּלְאַיִם אֶת הָעָרְלָה, וְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה. כֵּיצַד, סְאָה עָרְלָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמָאתַיִם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפְלָה סְאָה וְעוֹד עָרְלָה, אוֹ סְאָה וְעוֹד שֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, זוֹ הִיא שֶׁהָעָרְלָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הַכִּלְאַיִם, וְהַכִּלְאַיִם אֶת הָעָרְלָה, וְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה: \n",
|
37 |
+
"כָּל הַמְחַמֵּץ וְהַמְתַבֵּל וְהַמְדַמֵּעַ בַּתְּרוּמָה וּבָעָרְלָה וּבְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, אָסוּר. וּבֵית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אַף מְטַמֵּא. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ כַּבֵּיצָה: \n",
|
38 |
+
"דּוֹסְתַּאי אִישׁ כְּפַר יִתְמָה, הָיָה מִתַּלְמִידֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי, וְאָמַר, שָׁמַעְתִּי מִשַּׁמַּאי הַזָּקֵן שֶׁאָמַר, לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ כַּבֵּיצָה: \n",
|
39 |
+
"וּלְמָה אָמְרוּ כָּל הַמְחַמֵּץ וְהַמְתַבֵּל וְהַמְדַמֵּעַ לְהַחֲמִיר, מִין בְּמִינוֹ. לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר, מִין בְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ. כֵּיצַד, שְׂאֹר שֶׁל חִטִּים שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ עִסַּת חִטִּים, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, אָסוּר. אֵין בּוֹ לַעֲלוֹת בְּמֵאָה וְאֶחָד, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, בֵּין שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, אָסוּר: \n",
|
40 |
+
"לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר מִין בְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ, כֵּיצַד. כְּגוֹן גְּרִיסִין שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִם עֲדָשִׁים, וְיֵשׁ בָּהֶם בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, אָסוּר. אֵין בָּהֶם בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, מֻתָּר: \n",
|
41 |
+
"שְׂאֹר שֶׁל חֻלִּין שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְּדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפַל שְׂאֹר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, אוֹ שְׂאֹר שֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, אָסוּר: \n",
|
42 |
+
"שְׂאֹר שֶׁל חֻלִּין שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה וְחִמְּצָהּ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפַל שְׂאֹר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה אוֹ שְׂא��ר שֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, אָסוּר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר: \n",
|
43 |
+
"תְּבָלִין, שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשָׁה שֵׁמוֹת מִמִּין אֶחָד, אוֹ מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה, אָסוּר, וּמִצְטָרְפִין. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשָׁה שֵׁמוֹת מִמִּין אֶחָד, אוֹ שְׁנֵי מִינִין מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין: \n",
|
44 |
+
"שְׂאֹר שֶׁל חֻלִּין וְשֶׁל תְּרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה, לֹא בָּזֶה כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ וְלֹא בָּזֶה כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, נִצְטָרְפוּ וְחִמְּצוּ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַחַר הָאַחֲרוֹן אֲנִי בָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בֵּין שֶׁנָּפַל אִסּוּר בַּתְּחִלָּה, בֵּין בַּסּוֹף, לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ: \n",
|
45 |
+
"יוֹעֶזֶר אִישׁ הַבִּירָה הָיָה מִתַּלְמִידֵי בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, וְאָמַר, שָׁאַלְתִּי אֶת רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן עוֹמֵד בְּשַׁעַר הַמִּזְרָח, וְאָמַר, לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ: \n",
|
46 |
+
"כֵּלִים שֶׁסָּכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָמֵא, וְחָזַר וְסָכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָהוֹר, אוֹ שֶׁסָּכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָהוֹר, וְחָזַר וְסָכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָמֵא, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַחַר הָרִאשׁוֹן אֲנִי בָּא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אַחַר הָאַחֲרוֹן: \n",
|
47 |
+
"שְׂאֹר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְשֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה, לֹא בָזֶה כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ וְלֹא בָזֶה כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, וְנִצְטָרְפוּ וְחִמְּצוּ, אָסוּר לְזָרִים וּמֻתָּר לַכֹּהֲנִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר לְזָרִים וְלַכֹּהֲנִים: \n",
|
48 |
+
"תְּבָלִין שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְשֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ בַּקְּדֵרָה, לֹא בָאֵלוּ כְדֵי לְתַבֵּל וְלֹא בָאֵלּוּ כְדֵי לְתַבֵּל, וְנִצְטָרְפוּ וְתִבְּלוּ, אָסוּר לְזָרִים וּמֻתָּר לַכֹּהֲנִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר לְזָרִים וְלַכֹּהֲנִים: \n",
|
49 |
+
"חֲתִיכָה שֶׁל קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים, שֶׁל פִּגּוּל, וְשֶׁל נוֹתָר, שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִם הַחֲתִיכוֹת, אָסוּר לְזָרִים וּמֻתָּר לַכֹּהֲנִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר לְזָרִים וְלַכֹּהֲנִים: \n",
|
50 |
+
"בְּשַׂר קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים וּבְשַׂר קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִם בְּשַׂר הַתַּאֲוָה, אָסוּר לִטְמֵאִים וּמֻתָּר לִטְהוֹרִים: \n"
|
51 |
+
],
|
52 |
+
[
|
53 |
+
"בֶּגֶד שֶׁצְּבָעוֹ בִקְלִפֵּי עָרְלָה, יִדָּלֵק. נִתְעָרֵב בַּאֲחֵרִים, כֻּלָּם יִדָּלֵקוּ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יַעֲלֶה בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם: ",
|
54 |
+
"הַצּוֹבֵעַ מְלֹא הַסִּיט בִּקְלִפֵּי עָרְלָה, וַאֲרָגוֹ בְבֶגֶד, וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵיזֶה הוּא, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, יִדָּלֵק הַבֶּגֶד. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יַעֲלֶה בְאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם: ",
|
55 |
+
"הָאוֹרֵג מְלֹא הַסִּיט מִצֶּמֶר הַבְּכוֹר בְּבֶגֶד, יִדָּלֵק הַבֶּגֶד. וּמִשְּׂעַר הַנָּזִיר וּמִפֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר בְּשַׂק, יִדָּלֵק הַשָּׂק. וּבְמֻקְדָּשִׁין, מְקַדְּשִׁין כָּל שֶׁהֵן: ",
|
56 |
+
"תַּבְשִׁיל שֶׁבִּשְּׁלוֹ בִקְלִפֵּי עָרְלָה, יִדָּלֵק. נִתְעָרֵב בַּאֲחֵרִים, יַעֲלֶה בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם: ",
|
57 |
+
"תַּנּוּר שֶׁהִסִּיקוּהוּ בִקְלִפֵּי עָרְלָה וְאָפָה בוֹ אֶת הַפַּת, תִּדָּלֵק הַפָּת. נִתְעָרְבָה בַאֲחֵרוֹת, תַּעֲלֶה בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם: ",
|
58 |
+
"מִי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ חֲבִילֵי תִלְתָּן שֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, יִדָּלֵקוּ. נִתְעָרְבוּ בַאֲחֵרִים, כֻּלָּם יִדָּלֵקוּ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יַעֲלוּ בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם: ",
|
59 |
+
"שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֶת שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לִמָּנוֹת, מְקַדֵּשׁ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ אֶלָּא שִׁשָּׁה דְבָרִים בִּלְבָד. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, שִׁבְעָה. וְאֵלּוּ הֵם, אֱגוֹזֵי פֶרֶךְ, רִמּוֹנֵי בָדָן, וְחָבִיּוֹת סְתוּמוֹת, וְחֻלְפוֹת תְּרָדִין, וְקֻלְסֵי כְרוּב, וּדְלַעַת יְוָנִית. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אַף כִּכָּרוֹת שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבָּיִת. הָרָאוּי לְעָרְלָה, עָרְלָה. לְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, כִּלְאֵי הַכָּרֶם: ",
|
60 |
+
"כֵּיצַד. נִתְפַּצְּעוּ הָאֱגוֹזִים, נִתְפָּרְדוּ הָרִמּוֹנִים, נִתְפַּתְּחוּ הֶחָבִיּוֹת, נִתְחַתְּכוּ הַדְּלוּעִים, נִתְפָּרְסוּ הַכִּכָּרוֹת, יַעֲלוּ בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם: ",
|
61 |
+
"סְפֵק עָרְלָה, בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אָסוּר, וּבְסוּרְיָא מֻתָּר, וּבְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ יוֹרֵד וְלוֹקֵחַ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאֶנּוּ לוֹקֵט. כֶּרֶם נָטוּעַ יָרָק, וְיָרָק נִמְכָּר חוּצָה לוֹ, בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אָסוּר, וּבְסוּרְיָא מֻתָּר, וּבְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ יוֹרֵד וְלוֹקֵט, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִלְקֹט בַּיָּד. הֶחָדָשׁ, אָסוּר מִן הַתּוֹרָה בְּכָל מָקוֹם. וְהָעָרְלָה, הֲלָכָה. וְהַכִּלְאַיִם, מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים: "
|
62 |
+
]
|
63 |
+
],
|
64 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
65 |
+
"Chapter",
|
66 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
67 |
+
]
|
68 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Orlah/Hebrew/merged.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
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|
1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Orlah",
|
3 |
+
"language": "he",
|
4 |
+
"versionTitle": "merged",
|
5 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Orlah",
|
6 |
+
"text": [
|
7 |
+
[
|
8 |
+
"הַנּוֹטֵעַ לִסְיָג וּלְקוֹרוֹת, פָּטוּר מִן הָעָרְלָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ אָמַר הַפְּנִימִי לְמַאֲכָל וְהַחִיצוֹן לִסְיָג, הַפְּנִימִי חַיָּב, וְהַחִיצוֹן פָּטוּר: \n",
|
9 |
+
"עֵת שֶׁבָּאוּ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ לָאָרֶץ, מָצְאוּ נָטוּעַ, פָּטוּר. נָטְעוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא כִבְּשׁוּ, חַיָּב. הַנּוֹטֵעַ לָרַבִּים, חַיָּב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹטֵר. הַנּוֹטֵעַ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, וְהַנָּכְרִי שֶׁנָּטַע, וְהַגַּזְלָן שֶׁנָּטַע, וְהַנּוֹטֵעַ בִּסְפִינָה, וְהָעוֹלֶה מֵאֵלָיו, חַיָּב בָּעָרְלָה: \n",
|
10 |
+
"אִילָן שֶׁנֶּעֱקַר וְהַסֶּלַע עִמּוֹ, שְׁטָפוֹ נָהָר וְהַסֶּלַע עִמּוֹ, אִם יָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת, פָּטוּר, וְאִם לָאו, חַיָּב. נֶעֱקַר הַסֶּלַע מִצִּדּוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁזִּעְזְעַתּוּ הַמַּחֲרֵשָׁה, אוֹ שֶׁזִּעְזְעוֹ וַעֲשָׂאוֹ כְעָפָר, אִם יָכוֹל לִחְיוֹת, פָּטוּר, וְאִם לָאו, חַיָּב: \n",
|
11 |
+
"אִילָן שֶׁנֶּעֱקַר וְנִשְׁתַּיֵּר בּוֹ שֹׁרֶשׁ, פָּטוּר. וְכַמָּה יְהֵא הַשֹּׁרֶשׁ, רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן יְהוּדָה אִישׁ בַּרְתּוֹתָא, כְּמַחַט שֶׁל מִתּוּן: \n",
|
12 |
+
"אִילָן שֶׁנֶּעֱקַר וּבוֹ בְרֵכָה, וְהוּא חָיֶּה מִמֶּנָּה, חָזְרָה הַזְּקֵנָה לִהְיוֹת כַּבְּרֵכָה. הִבְרִיכָהּ שָׁנָה אַחַר שָׁנָה, וְנִפְסְקָה, מוֹנֶה מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁנִּפְסְקָה. סִפּוּק הַגְּפָנִים, וְסִפּוּק עַל גַּבֵּי סִפּוּק, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִבְרִיכָן בָּאָרֶץ, מֻתָּר. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, מָקוֹם שֶׁכֹּחָהּ יָפֶה, מֻתָּר, וְמָקוֹם שֶׁכֹּחָהּ רָע, אָסוּר. וְכֵן בְּרֵכָה שֶׁנִּפְסְקָה וְהִיא מְלֵאָה פֵרוֹת, אִם הוֹסִיף בְּמָאתַיִם, אָסוּר: \n",
|
13 |
+
"נְטִיעָה שֶׁל עָרְלָה וְשֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ בִנְטִיעוֹת, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִלְקֹט. וְאִם לָקַט, יַעֲלֶה בְאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִתְכַּוֵּן לִלְקֹט. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף יִתְכַּוֵּן לִלְקֹט וְיַעֲלֶה בְאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם: \n",
|
14 |
+
"הֶעָלִים, וְהַלּוּלָבִים, וּמֵי גְּפָנִים, וּסְמָדַר, מֻתָּרִים בָּעָרְלָה וּבָרְבָעִי וּבַנָּזִיר, וַאֲסוּרִים בָּאֲשֵׁרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, הַסְּמָדַר אָסוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פְּרִי. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַמַּעֲמִיד בִּשְׂרָף הָעָרְלָה, אָסוּר. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שָׁמַעְתִּי בְּפֵרוּשׁ, שֶׁהַמַּעֲמִיד בִּשְׂרָף הֶעָלִים וּבִשְׂרָף הָעִקָּרִים, מֻתָּר, בִּשְׂרָף הַפַּגִּים, אָסוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם פְּרִי: \n",
|
15 |
+
"עַנְקוֹקְלוֹת, וְהַחַרְצַנִּים, וְהַזַּגִּים, וְהַתֶּמֶד שֶׁלָּהֶם, קְלִפֵּי רִמּוֹן וְהַנֵּץ שֶׁלּוֹ, קְלִפֵּי אֱגוֹזִים, וְהַגַּרְעִינִים, אֲסוּרִים בָּעָרְלָה, וּבָאֲשֵׁרָה, וּבַנָּזִיר, וּמֻתָּרִין בָּרְבָעִי. וְהַנּוֹבְלוֹת, כֻּלָּן אֲסוּרוֹת: \n",
|
16 |
+
"רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, נוֹטְעִין יִחוּר שֶׁל עָרְלָה, וְאֵין נוֹטְעִין אֱגוֹז שֶׁל עָרְלָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פְּרִי. וְאֵין מַרְכִּיבִין בְּכַפְנִיּוֹת שֶׁל עָרְלָה: \n"
|
17 |
+
],
|
18 |
+
[
|
19 |
+
"הַתְּרוּמָה, וּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל דְּמַאי, הַח��לָּה וְהַבִּכּוּרִים, עוֹלִים בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּמִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה, וְצָרִיךְ לְהָרִים. הָעָרְלָה וְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, עוֹלִים בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם, וּמִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לְהָרִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מִצְטָרְפִין בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, אֲבָל לֹא לֶאֱסֹר: \n",
|
20 |
+
"הַתְּרוּמָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה, וְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. כֵּיצַד, סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפְלוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה קַבִּין עָרְלָה, אוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה קַבִּין כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, זוֹ הִיא שֶׁהַתְּרוּמָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה וְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה: \n",
|
21 |
+
"הָעָרְלָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הַכִּלְאַיִם, וְהַכִּלְאַיִם אֶת הָעָרְלָה, וְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה. כֵּיצַד, סְאָה עָרְלָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמָאתַיִם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפְלָה סְאָה וְעוֹד עָרְלָה, אוֹ סְאָה וְעוֹד שֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, זוֹ הִיא שֶׁהָעָרְלָה מַעֲלָה אֶת הַכִּלְאַיִם, וְהַכִּלְאַיִם אֶת הָעָרְלָה, וְהָעָרְלָה אֶת הָעָרְלָה: \n",
|
22 |
+
"כָּל הַמְחַמֵּץ וְהַמְתַבֵּל וְהַמְדַמֵּעַ בַּתְּרוּמָה וּבָעָרְלָה וּבְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, אָסוּר. וּבֵית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אַף מְטַמֵּא. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ כַּבֵּיצָה: \n",
|
23 |
+
"דּוֹסְתַּאי אִישׁ כְּפַר יִתְמָה, הָיָה מִתַּלְמִידֵי בֵית שַׁמַּאי, וְאָמַר, שָׁמַעְתִּי מִשַּׁמַּאי הַזָּקֵן שֶׁאָמַר, לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ כַּבֵּיצָה: \n",
|
24 |
+
"וּלְמָה אָמְרוּ כָּל הַמְחַמֵּץ וְהַמְתַבֵּל וְהַמְדַמֵּעַ לְהַחֲמִיר, מִין בְּמִינוֹ. לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר, מִין בְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ. כֵּיצַד, שְׂאֹר שֶׁל חִטִּים שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ עִסַּת חִטִּים, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, אָסוּר. אֵין בּוֹ לַעֲלוֹת בְּמֵאָה וְאֶחָד, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, בֵּין שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, אָסוּר: \n",
|
25 |
+
"לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר מִין בְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ, כֵּיצַד. כְּגוֹן גְּרִיסִין שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִם עֲדָשִׁים, וְיֵשׁ בָּהֶם בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, אָסוּר. אֵין בָּהֶם בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, מֻתָּר: \n",
|
26 |
+
"שְׂאֹר שֶׁל חֻלִּין שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְּדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפַל שְׂאֹר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, אוֹ שְׂאֹר שֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, אָסוּר: \n",
|
27 |
+
"שְׂאֹר שֶׁל חֻלִּין שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה וְחִמְּצָהּ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפַל שְׂאֹר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה אוֹ שְׂאֹר שֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, אָסוּר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר: \n",
|
28 |
+
"תְּבָלִין, שְׁנַיִם וּשְׁלֹשָׁה שֵׁמוֹת מִמִּין אֶחָד, אוֹ מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה, אָסוּר, וּמִצְטָרְפִין. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שְׁנַיִם וּש��ְלֹשָׁה שֵׁמוֹת מִמִּין אֶחָד, אוֹ שְׁנֵי מִינִין מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין: \n",
|
29 |
+
"שְׂאֹר שֶׁל חֻלִּין וְשֶׁל תְּרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה, לֹא בָּזֶה כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ וְלֹא בָּזֶה כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, נִצְטָרְפוּ וְחִמְּצוּ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַחַר הָאַחֲרוֹן אֲנִי בָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בֵּין שֶׁנָּפַל אִסּוּר בַּתְּחִלָּה, בֵּין בַּסּוֹף, לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ: \n",
|
30 |
+
"יוֹעֶזֶר אִישׁ הַבִּירָה הָיָה מִתַּלְמִידֵי בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, וְאָמַר, שָׁאַלְתִּי אֶת רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן עוֹמֵד בְּשַׁעַר הַמִּזְרָח, וְאָמַר, לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ אוֹסֵר, עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ: \n",
|
31 |
+
"כֵּלִים שֶׁסָּכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָמֵא, וְחָזַר וְסָכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָהוֹר, אוֹ שֶׁסָּכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָהוֹר, וְחָזַר וְסָכָן בְּשֶׁמֶן טָמֵא, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַחַר הָרִאשׁוֹן אֲנִי בָּא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אַחַר הָאַחֲרוֹן: \n",
|
32 |
+
"שְׂאֹר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְשֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה, לֹא בָזֶה כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ וְלֹא בָזֶה כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, וְנִצְטָרְפוּ וְחִמְּצוּ, אָסוּר לְזָרִים וּמֻתָּר לַכֹּהֲנִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר לְזָרִים וְלַכֹּהֲנִים: \n",
|
33 |
+
"תְּבָלִין שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְשֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ בַּקְּדֵרָה, לֹא בָאֵלוּ כְדֵי לְתַבֵּל וְלֹא בָאֵלּוּ כְדֵי לְתַבֵּל, וְנִצְטָרְפוּ וְתִבְּלוּ, אָסוּר לְזָרִים וּמֻתָּר לַכֹּהֲנִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר לְזָרִים וְלַכֹּהֲנִים: \n",
|
34 |
+
"חֲתִיכָה שֶׁל קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים, שֶׁל פִּגּוּל, וְשֶׁל נוֹתָר, שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִם הַחֲתִיכוֹת, אָסוּר לְזָרִים וּמֻתָּר לַכֹּהֲנִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר לְזָרִים וְלַכֹּהֲנִים: \n",
|
35 |
+
"בְּשַׂר קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים וּבְשַׂר קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִם בְּשַׂר הַתַּאֲוָה, אָסוּר לִטְמֵאִים וּמֻתָּר לִטְהוֹרִים: \n"
|
36 |
+
],
|
37 |
+
[
|
38 |
+
"בֶּגֶד שֶׁצְּבָעוֹ בִקְלִפֵּי עָרְלָה, יִדָּלֵק. נִתְעָרֵב בַּאֲחֵרִים, כֻּלָּם יִדָּלֵקוּ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יַעֲלֶה בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם: ",
|
39 |
+
"הַצּוֹבֵעַ מְלֹא הַסִּיט בִּקְלִפֵּי עָרְלָה, וַאֲרָגוֹ בְבֶגֶד, וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵיזֶה הוּא, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, יִדָּלֵק הַבֶּגֶד. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יַעֲלֶה בְאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם: ",
|
40 |
+
"הָאוֹרֵג מְלֹא הַסִּיט מִצֶּמֶר הַבְּכוֹר בְּבֶגֶד, יִדָּלֵק הַבֶּגֶד. וּמִשְּׂעַר הַנָּזִיר וּמִפֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר בְּשַׂק, יִדָּלֵק הַשָּׂק. וּבְמֻקְדָּשִׁין, מְקַדְּשִׁין כָּל שֶׁהֵן: ",
|
41 |
+
"תַּבְשִׁיל שֶׁבִּשְּׁלוֹ בִקְלִפֵּי עָרְלָה, יִדָּלֵק. נִתְעָרֵב בַּאֲחֵרִים, יַעֲלֶה בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם: ",
|
42 |
+
"תַּנּוּר שֶׁהִסִּיקוּהוּ בִקְלִפֵּי עָרְלָה וְאָפָה בוֹ אֶת הַפַּת, תִּדָּלֵק הַפָּת. נִתְעָרְבָה בַאֲחֵרוֹת, תַּעֲלֶה בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם: ",
|
43 |
+
"מִי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ חֲבִילֵי תִלְתָּן שֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, יִדָּלֵקוּ. נִתְעָרְבוּ בַאֲחֵרִים, כֻּלָּם יִדָּלֵקוּ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יַעֲלוּ בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם: ",
|
44 |
+
"שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֶת שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לִמָּנוֹת, מְקַדֵּשׁ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ אֶלָּא שִׁשָּׁה דְבָרִים בִּלְבָד. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, שִׁבְעָה. וְאֵלּוּ הֵם, אֱגוֹזֵי פֶרֶךְ, רִמּוֹנֵי בָדָן, וְחָבִיּוֹת סְתוּמוֹת, וְחֻלְפוֹת תְּרָדִין, וְקֻלְסֵי כְרוּב, וּדְלַעַת יְוָנִית. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אַף כִּכָּרוֹת שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבָּיִת. הָרָאוּי לְעָרְלָה, עָרְלָה. לְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, כִּלְאֵי הַכָּרֶם: ",
|
45 |
+
"כֵּיצַד. נִתְפַּצְּעוּ הָאֱגוֹזִים, נִתְפָּרְדוּ הָרִמּוֹנִים, נִתְפַּתְּחוּ הֶחָבִיּוֹת, נִתְחַתְּכוּ הַדְּלוּעִים, נִתְפָּרְסוּ הַכִּכָּרוֹת, יַעֲלוּ בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם: ",
|
46 |
+
"סְפֵק עָרְלָה, בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אָסוּר, וּבְסוּרְיָא מֻתָּר, וּבְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ יוֹרֵד וְלוֹקֵחַ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאֶנּוּ לוֹקֵט. כֶּרֶם נָטוּעַ יָרָק, וְיָרָק נִמְכָּר חוּצָה לוֹ, בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אָסוּר, וּבְסוּרְיָא מֻתָּר, וּבְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ יוֹרֵד וְלוֹקֵט, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִלְקֹט בַּיָּד. הֶחָדָשׁ, אָסוּר מִן הַתּוֹרָה בְּכָל מָקוֹם. וְהָעָרְלָה, הֲלָכָה. וְהַכִּלְאַיִם, מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים: "
|
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+
]
|
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],
|
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"versions": [
|
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[
|
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"Torat Emet 357",
|
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"http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads"
|
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+
]
|
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+
],
|
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"heTitle": "משנה ערלה",
|
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"categories": [
|
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+
"Mishnah",
|
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"Seder Zeraim"
|
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],
|
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"sectionNames": [
|
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"Chapter",
|
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"Mishnah"
|
63 |
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]
|
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}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Sheviit/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json
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{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Sheviit",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002378149/NLI",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"priority": 0.5,
|
8 |
+
"license": "Public Domain",
|
9 |
+
"versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.<br>Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.<br>Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.<br>Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.<br>Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.<br>Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.",
|
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"digitizedBySefaria": true,
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"actualLanguage": "de",
|
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"languageFamilyName": "german",
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"isBaseText": false,
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"isSource": false,
|
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"direction": "ltr",
|
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"heTitle": "משנה שביעית",
|
17 |
+
"categories": [
|
18 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
19 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
20 |
+
],
|
21 |
+
"text": [
|
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+
[
|
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+
"Bis wie lange darf man in einem Felde, das mit Bäumen besetzt ist, im Jahre vor <span dir=\"ltr\">שביעית</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> So wie <span dir=\"rtl\">ערב שבת</span> der Tag vor <span dir=\"rtl\">שבת</span> genannt wird, so heisst <span dir=\"rtl\">ערב שביעית</span> das sechste Jahr oder das vor dem siebenten Erlassjahre.</i>ackern? Bet Samai sagt: So lange es der (diesjährigen) Frucht nützt. Bet Hillel dagegen sagt: Bis zum Wochenfeste. Beide Meinungen kommen einander nahe<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Doch ist die Gesetzesnorm eine andere geworden, da Rabban Gamliel nach der Zerstörung des Tempels festsetzte: Dass man bis zum Neujahr des siebenten Jahres ackern darf, während früher beim Blachfelde bis zu Pessach und beim Baumfelde bis zum Wochenfeste das Ackern nur gestattet war.</i>.",
|
24 |
+
"Was wird unter einem mit Bäumen besetzten Felde verstanden? Jedes, worauf drei Bäume auf einer Fläche von einem <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> Aussaat stehen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das sind 2500 Quadratellen.</i>; wenn sie einen Feigenkuchen von sechzig italischen <span dir=\"rtl\">מנה</span> hervorbringen können<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die <span dir=\"rtl\">מנה</span> hat 100 Denare, ein Denar enthält sechs <span dir=\"rtl\">מעה</span> und das Gewicht einer jeden <span dir=\"rtl\">מעה</span> beträgt sechzehn Gerstenkörner.</i>, so kann man ihretwegen das ganze Feld beackern. Wenn aber weniger als dies, so beackert man nur um die Bäume den Raum, den der Feigenpflücker mit seinem weiter hinaus stehenden Korbe einnimmt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Überrest des Feldes wird als Blachfeld betrachtet.</i>.",
|
25 |
+
"Mag es ein Baum der nicht geniessbare Früchte oder ein solcher sein, der geniessbare Früchte trägt, so sieht man dieselben an, als wären es Feigenbäume<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es ist als Norm der Feigenbaum gewählt, weil dessen Früchte gross sind und er viel trägt.</i>; so bald jeder einen Feigenkuchen von sechzig italischen <span dir=\"rtl\">מנה</span> hervorbringen könnte, darf man das ganze Feld seinetwegen beackern; wenn weniger, so beackert man um sie herum nur zu ihrem Bedarf.",
|
26 |
+
"Kann einer der Bäume so viel als zum Feigenkuchen gehört, tragen und zwei nicht, oder zwei können es und einer nicht, so darf man nur zu ihrem Bedarf ackern; dies gilt bei dreien bis zu neun Bäumen. Sind aber zehn und darüber vorhanden, so darf man, sie mögen so viel tragen oder nicht, das ganze Feld ihretwegen beackern. — Es heisst (Exodus 34, 21): »Vom Pflügen und Ernten sollst Du feiern<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dieses bezieht sich auf den ersten Teil der Mischnah, wo es heisst: Wenn die Bäume nicht genug tragen, so darf man nur, was zu ihrem Bedarf gehört, beackern; woher ist es nämlich herzuleiten, dass man nicht das ganze <span dir=\"rtl\">בית סאה</span> beackern kann? — Weil geschrieben steht: <span dir=\"rtl\">בחריש ובקציר תשבות</span>. Der Vers heisst vollständig: »Sechs Tage kannst Du arbeiten, aber am siebenten sollst Du feiern, vom Pflügen und Ernten sollst Du feiern«. Da nun letzteres nicht auf den eigentlichen Sabbat bezogen werden kann, an welchem ja jede Arbeit verboten ist; auch keinen Bezug auf das siebente Brachjahr haben kann, von welchem es heisst: (Levit 25, 4) »Das siebente Jahr soll ein Feierjahr des Ewigen sein« etc., so ist es lediglich auf die beiden Zeitabschnitte des sechsten Jahres zu beziehen, dass es nicht erlaubt ist, ein Blachfeld von Pessach und ein Baumfeld von <span dir=\"rtl\">שבועות</span> ab zu beackern.</i>.« Vom Feiern des Pflügens und Erntens im siebenten Jahre wären diese Worte nicht nötig; aber sie bedeuten das Pflügen im sechsten, in so fern es seine Wirkung in’s siebente hinein ausdehnt. Und das Ernten der Früchte im siebenten, in so fern es sich bis in den Ausgang des siebenten Jahres hinzieht. — R. Ismael dagegen erklärt den Vers so: So wie das Ackern (stets) freiwillig ist, so ist auch nur jedes freiwillige Ernten verboten; es ist aber das Abschneiden der Pflichtgarbe davon ausgenommen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> R. Ismael bezieht diese Ausdrücke <span dir=\"rtl\">בחריש ובקציר</span> auf den wirklichen <span dir=\"rtl\">שבת</span>, von welchem in dem Verse die Rede ist, und die Schrift will uns hören lassen, da das Ackern stets etwas Freiwilliges ist, da es kein Pflichtackern (<span dir=\"rtl\">חרישה של מצות</span>) giebt, so muss auch das Ernten etwas Freiwilliges sein, davon ist aber ausgenommen das Ernten des Omer (<span dir=\"rtl\">קצירה של עומר</span>), welches eine Pflicht (<span dir=\"rtl\">מצוה</span>) ist und den Sabbat verdrängt (<span dir=\"rtl\">דוחה את השבת</span>).</i>.",
|
27 |
+
"Drei Bäume von drei Herren, werden zusammengerechnet<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Man betrachtet die Bäume als gehörten sie einem Herrn und beackert das ganze Feld ihretwegen.</i>und man darf ihretwegen das ganze Feld beackern. Wie viel Raum muss aber zwischen ihnen sein<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Zwischen dem einen Baume und dem anderen?</i>? — Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel sagt: So viel, dass ein Gespann Rinder mit ihrem Geräte hindurchgehen kann<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nämlich ein Gespann Rinder mit ihrem Joche, das sind vier Ellen. Beträgt aber der Raum weniger, so sind die Bäume zum Entwurzeln bestimmt, und man ackert nicht ihretwegen.</i>.",
|
28 |
+
"Sind zehn junge Bäume<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">נטיעות</span> sind junge Bäume.</i>zerstreut auf einem Felde von einem <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> Aussaat, so darf man ihretwegen das ganze Feld bis zum Neujahrsfest<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil die jungen Bäume sonst verdorren würden.</i>beackern. Sind sie aber in einer graden Reihe<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wie eine Mauer.</i>oder kreuzförmig in einer runden Reihe<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nach Anderen: Wenn ein Zaun drum ist.</i>, so beackert man nur zu ihrem Bedarf<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es sieht aus als geschähe es, des Bodens halber und nicht der Bäume wegen.</i>.",
|
29 |
+
"Junge Bäume und griechische Kürbisse, werden in einem Felde, von einem <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> Aussaat, zusammengerechnet<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nur griechische Kürbisse, weil sie gross sind und keine andern, werden zu den jungen Bäumen gerechnet; auch müssen mehr Bäume als Kürbisse vorhanden sein, z. B. sechs Bäume und vier Kürbisse rechnet man zu zehn.</i>. Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel sagt: Auch wenn zehn Kürbisse in solchem Felde stehen, darf man das Ganze bis zum Neujahrsfeste beackern<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">18</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil die Kürbisse, wie junge Bäume angesehen werden.</i>.",
|
30 |
+
"Bis wie lange heissen sie junge Bäume? R. Elasar ben Asarjah sagt: Bis sie zum Genusse erlaubt sind<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">19</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">עד שיחולו</span> bis die Früchte zum Genusse im vierten Jahre durch Auslösung erlaubt sind, oder ohne weiteres im fünften Jahre.</i>. R. Josua behauptet: Bis sie sieben Jahre stehen. R. Akiba lehrt: So lange man einen jungen Baum allgemein so benennt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">20</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Entweder, wenn sie ein Jahr alt sind; oder so lange die Leute sie <span dir=\"rtl\">נטיעות</span> = junge Bäume und nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">אילן</span> — Bäume nennen.</i>. — Wenn ein Baum abgeschnitten wurde und neue Sprösslinge treibt, so ist er, wofern er unter einer Handbreite von der Erde abgeschnitten war, als ein junger Baum, wenn aber weiter hinauf, als ein alter Baum anzusehen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">21</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Sowohl in Hinsicht des Beackerns als der <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span>. Vgl. Traktat <span dir=\"rtl\">ערלה</span> Abschn. I.</i>. Dies ist der Ausspruch des R. Simeon."
|
31 |
+
],
|
32 |
+
[
|
33 |
+
"Bis wie lange darf man im sechsten Jahre ein weisses Feld<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ein Feld, in welchem Getreide und Hülsenfrucht wächst.</i>beakern? — Bis die Feuchtigkeit des Bodens aufhört; das ist, so lange die Leute noch im Gurken- und Kürbisland graben, um zu pflanzen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Von da ab und weiter jedoch, wird es angesehen, als bestelle er sein Feld für das siebente Brachjahr,</i>. Dagegen wendet R. Simeon ein: Das hiesse, Jedem das Gesetz nach Willkür überlassen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Eine würde sagen, die Feuchtigkeit hat bei mir bereits aufgehört, und der Andere meint, sie hat noch nicht aufgehört.</i>! Also besser: Im weissen Felde bis <span dir=\"rtl\">פסח</span> und im, mit Bäumen bepflanzten Felde, bis <span dir=\"ltr\">שבועות)« עצרת</span>)«",
|
34 |
+
"Man darf in Gurken- und Kürbisleldern bis <span dir=\"rtl\">ראש השנה</span> Dünger legen und sie umgraben. Eben so in dürren, künstlich bewässerten Feldern<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">בית השלחין</span> sind von Natur dürre und durstige Äcker, die durch Kunst bewässert werden (Drainage). In Genesis 25, 29 übersetzt Onkelos והוא משלהי = והוא עיף »Er war müde und durstig«. Die Verwechslung des <span dir=\"rtl\">ה</span> mit <span dir=\"rtl\">ח</span> wegen der Gutturale <span dir=\"rtl\">אחה״ע</span> ist häufig. Vgl. Aruch.</i>. Man darf die Warzen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מיבלין</span> ist verwandt mit <span dir=\"rtl\">יבלת</span> in Lev. 22, 22 = Warze, ein Fehler bei Tieren. Hier ist auch ein Fehler an Bäumen gemeint, der weggeschnitten werden soll.</i>der Bäume wegschneiden, die welken Blätter abnehmen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Man nimmt dem Baume die welken Blätter ab, wodurch ihm die Traglast erleichtert wird.</i>, die Wurzeln mit Erde bedecken<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die entblössten Wurzeln kann man mit Erde bedecken.</i>und die Bäume beräuchern<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Um das Ungeziefer, das sich auf den Bäumen findet, zu vernichten.</i>bis <span dir=\"rtl\">ראש השנה</span>. R. Simon sagt: Man darf das Blatt von der Weintraube selbst im siebenten Jahre ablesen.",
|
35 |
+
"Bis <span dir=\"rtl\">ראש השנה</span> darf man die Steine aus den Feldern fortschaffen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מסקלין</span>. Eigentlich heisst <span dir=\"rtl\">סקל</span> = steinigen, mit Steinen werfen; das <span dir=\"rtl\">פִעֵל</span> hat die entgegengesetzte Bedeutung = entsteinigen, die Steine fortschaffen.</i>, dürre Äste abschneiden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מקרסמין</span> wie <span dir=\"rtl\">מכרסמין</span> nach Psalm 80, 11 <span dir=\"rtl\">יכרסמנה חזיר מיער</span>. »Das Schwein aus dem Walde benagt ihn (den Weinstock.) Schneidet ihm die Zweige mit seinen Zähnen ab.</i>, feuchte Äste wegnehmen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">זרד</span> heisst: die feuchten grünen Zweige, wenn ihrer zu viele werden, abhauen und einige zurücklassen, die dadurch kräftiger werden.</i>und die unnützen Auswüchse ausschneiden. R. Josua sagt: Wie das Beschneiden der Äste und das Ausschneiden im fünften Jahre, eben so ist es im sechsten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> So wie man im fünften Jahre bis in’s sechste beschneidet, so kann man auch die Zweige vom sechsten bis in’s siebente Jahr hinein beschneiden.</i>. R. Simeon sagt: So lange wie ich das Feld um den Baum herum bestellen darf, so lange auch nur darf ich ihn ausbessern.",
|
36 |
+
"Man darf bis <span dir=\"rtl\">ראש השנה</span> die jungen Bäume bestreichen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Erklärung von <span dir=\"rtl\">מזהמין</span> ist entweder, dass man an dem Baum, wenn sich dessen Rinde abgelöst hat, Mist bringt, um die krankhaften Stellen wieder herzustellen; oder nach Rambam, dass man die Bäume mit einer übelriechenden Masse bestreicht, damit die Insekten und Vögel verscheucht oder getödtet werden.</i>, binden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Auch <span dir=\"rtl\">כורכין</span> lässt eine zweifache Erklärung zu. Entweder: man bindet etwas im Sommer zum Schutz gegen die Sonne und im Winter gegen den Frost; oder es ist gemeint, dass man die Zweige aufwärts an den Spitzen zusammenbindet, damit sie sich nicht abwärts biegen und auf die Erde kommen.</i>, abstutzen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ebenso kann <span dir=\"rtl\">קוטמין</span> heissen, die schadhaften Zweige abstutzen, mit <span dir=\"rtl\">נקטם</span> verwandt oder Asche auf die Wurzeln streuen, denn das Targum von <span dir=\"rtl\">אפר</span> ist <span dir=\"rtl\">קטמא</span>.</i>, mit Schutzhüllen umgeben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Entweder um den Baum ein Gatter von einer Elle ringsherum zu machen und dasselbe mit Erde zu füllen; oder oben ein Dach über den Baumwipfel anzubringen, um ihn vor Sonne und Frost zu schützen.</i>und begiessen. R. Elasar bar Zadok sagt: Man darf auch im siebenten Brachjahre den Wipfel begiessen, aber nicht den Stamm<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Damit man im siebenten Brachjahre nicht so verfahre, wie in den übrigen Jahren.</i>.",
|
37 |
+
"Man darf bis <span dir=\"rtl\">ראש השנה</span> die unreifen Feigen mit Öl bestreichen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">18</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Um ihre Reife zu fördern.</i>und durchlöchern.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">19</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Man durchlöchert die unreifen Feigen, giesst Öl hinein, oder lässt das Regenwasser eindringen, damit sie schneller reif werden.</i>Die unreifen Feigen des sechsten Jahres, die bis das siebente stehen, und die des siebenten, die über das Ende desselben stehen, darf man weder bestreichen noch durchlöchern. R. Jehudah sagt: Wenn man gewohnt ist zu bestreichen, darf es nicht geschehen, weil es zur Feldarbeit gehört; wo es aber nicht üblich ist, darf es geschehen. R. Simeon gestattet dies am Baum zu verrichten, weil man jede Arbeit am Baume verrichten darf.",
|
38 |
+
"Innerhalb dreissig Tage vor <span dir=\"rtl\">ראש השנה</span>, darf man im sechsten Jahre weder pflanzen, noch Weinstöcke ablegen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">20</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מבריכין</span> = man beugt die Weinreben zur Erde und bedeckt sie mit Staub. Das Wort kommt von <span dir=\"rtl\">ברך</span> = Knie, davon, knien, beugen.</i>noch pfropfen; wenn er aber gepflanzt, Weinstöcke abgelegt, oder gepfropft hat, so muss er es ausreissen. R. Jehudah sagt: Jedes Pfropfen, das nach drei Tagen nicht gefasst hat, kann nicht gedeihen. R. Josua und R. Simon sagen: Nach zwei Wochen.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">21</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ausser den verschiedenen erwähnten Zeitbestimmungen in welchen das Pfropfen sich als gelungen erweist oder nicht, sind noch 30 Tage als <span dir=\"rtl\">תוספת שביעית</span> eine Vorfrist zum Brachjahre innezuhalten, in welchen nicht gearbeitet werden darf.</i>",
|
39 |
+
"Reis, Hirse, Mohn<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">22</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">פרגין</span> = Mohn, Aruch.</i>und Sesam<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">23</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">שומשמין</span> = Sesam, cf. Löw 102.</i>werden, wenn sie vor <span dir=\"rtl\">ראש השנה</span> bereits Wurzel geschlagen haben, verzehntet, wie Früchte des vergangenen Jahres<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">24</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn es das erste oder zweite Jahr nach <span dir=\"rtl\">שמטה</span> ist, wird das Zweitzehnt, und ist es das dritte, wird das Armenzehnt abgegeben.</i>und dürfen im siebenten Jahre eingesammelt werden<sup>25</sup> Da sie doch im sechsten vor <span dir=\"rtl\">ר״ה</span> bereits wurzelten.</i>, wo nicht, sind sie im siebenten verboten und werden wie die Früchte des neuen Jahres verzehntet.",
|
40 |
+
"R. Simeon Schesori lehrt: Wenn man die ägyptische Bohne zur Saat eingesäet hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">26</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Blos zur Saat, aber nicht zum Essen.</i>, so wird es damit eben so gehalten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">27</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wie bei dem obengenannten Reis etc.</i>. R. Simeon sagt: Auch bei den Kameel-Erbsen, R. Elasar dagegen meint: diese letzteren sind nur den ersteren gleich, wenn sie vor <span dir=\"rtl\">ראש השנה</span> bereits lockere Schoten erlangt haben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">28</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">משתרמלו</span> ist abgeleitet von dem talmudischen Worte <span dir=\"rtl\">תרמיל</span> = Hirtentasche, dass also die Schoten bereits beutelartig sind.</i>.",
|
41 |
+
"Die samenlosen Zwiebeln und ägyptischen Bohnen, welche man dreissig Tage vor <span dir=\"rtl\">ראש השנה</span> nicht mehr begossen hat, werden nach dem verflossenen Jahre verzehntet und sind im siebenten Brachjahre erlaubt; wo nicht, sind sie im siebenten verboten und werden nach dem neuen Jahre verzehntet. Ebenso die Gewächse eines trockenen Feldes<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">29</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">בעל</span> ist nach Gavisius bei Surenhus ein trocknes, nur von Regenwasser sich nährendes Feld (vgl. Moëd katan Auf.).</i>, die zwei Zeiten nicht mehr begossen wurden, so urteilt R. Meïr, die Weisen aber sagen drei (Zeiten).",
|
42 |
+
"Kürbisse, die man zum Samen stehen lässt, darf man, wenn sie hart und zur Menschen-Speise unbrauchbar geworden sind, im siebenten Jahre stehen lassen; wo nicht, ist es verboten. Die Blütenknospen derselben, sind im siebenten Jahre verboten. Man darf die weisse Erde begiessen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">30</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Man darf im sechsten Jahre ein Blachfeld begiessen, damit im siebenten Gewächse hervorspriessen. Ja selbst im siebenten darf man begiessen damit beim Ausgange des siebenten die Kräuter wachsen.</i>, dies ist der Ausspruch des R. Simeon. R. Elieser ben Jakob verbietet es. Man darf Reisfelder im siebenten Jahre besprengen. R. Simeon setzt hinzu: Man darf jedoch nicht wegschneiden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">31</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Man darf die Blätter des Reises nicht wegschneiden.</i>."
|
43 |
+
],
|
44 |
+
[
|
45 |
+
"Von welcher Zeit ab, darf man im Brachjahie den Dünger auf die Dungplätze fahren?<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Ackerleute pflegen auf dem Felde eine Stelle auszusuchen, wohin sie den Mist bringen, wo ein grosser Düngerhaufen sich ansammelt, von welchem aus, der Dünger über das ganze Feld gestreut wird.</i>Sobald die Feldbauer ihre Arbeit eingestellt haben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> In manchen Ausgaben ist die Lesart <span dir=\"rtl\">עוברי עבירה</span> = Bis die Übertreter des Gesetzes, welche im siebenten Brachjahre die Feldarbeit verrichten, zu arbeiten aufhören. Doch ist diese Lesart zu verwerfen.</i>. So R. Meïr, R. Jehudah sagt: Sobald der Saft getrocknet ist<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Saft des Dunges trocken wird.</i>. R. Jose bestimmt: Sobald er bindet<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn er sich zu dichten Klumpen ballt, gleichsam zusammenbindet.</i>.",
|
46 |
+
"Wie viel Mist darf man demnach ausführen? — Bis je drei Haufen für ein Feld von einem <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> Aussaat, jedem zu zehn Körben von je einem <span dir=\"rtl\">לתך</span> gerechnet<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">משפלות</span> = Mistkörbe. Jeder dieser Körbe entält einen <span dir=\"rtl\">לתך</span> = fünfzehn <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span>, soviel ein Esel zu tragen vermag.</i>. Man kann die Zahl der Körbe vermehren, aber nicht die der Haufen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Damit es nicht aussehe, als wolle er sein Feld düngen.</i>. R. Simeon sagt: Auch dieses ist erlaubt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da ein grosser Haufen auf einem Orte zusammengehäuft liegt, hat es nicht das Ansehen, als wolle er das Feld düngen.</i>.",
|
47 |
+
"Man darf drei Haufen Mist auf ein Feld von einem <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> bringen. Mehr anzulegen ist nach R. Simeon erlaubt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dieses ist nach der Meinung des R. Simeon in der vorigen Mischna.</i>. Die Weisen verbieten es. Nur dann ist es erlaubt, wenn man dieselben drei Handbreiten tiefer, oder drei Handbreiten höher als die Erde anlegt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dass man den Misthaufenplatz tiefer oder höher als den übrigen Boden anlegt, woraus erkennbar ist, dass der Ort zum Mistplatz und nicht zum Düngen des Feldes bestimmt ist.</i>. Man darf auch den ganzen Dünger auf einen grossen Haufen legen. R. Meïr hält es für nicht erlaubt, ausser wenn er ihn drei Handbreiten tief, oder drei Handbreiten hoch legt; hat man nur wenig<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Er kann nicht mit einem Male so viel hinausbringen, als das vorgeschriebene Maaß besagt.</i>, so kann man allmählich hinzutun. R. Elasar ben Asarjah sagt: Nicht anders, als bis er ihn drei Handbreiten tief, oder drei Handbreiten hoch, oder auf einen Felsen legt.",
|
48 |
+
"Wenn Jemand seinen Acker pferchen will<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn er im siebenten Brachjahre sein Vieh pferchen d. h. an einen ungezäunten Ort des Feldes bringen will, nicht um dort den Mist des Viehes zu gewinnen, sondern weil er keinen Platz hat, wo er sein Vieh unterbringen kann; den Mist will er auf einen Düngerhaufen bringen. Das Wort <span dir=\"rtl\">המדייר</span> ist ein Verbum von dem nomen <span dir=\"rtl\">דיר</span> = Wohnung abgeleitet.</i>, so macht er eine Hürde<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">סחר</span> = Eine Umzäunung um das Vieh.</i>auf einem Felde von zwei <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> Aussaat; dann reisst er drei Seiten ab und lässt eine mittlere Seite stehen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> D. h. wenn die Hürde mit Mist angefüllt ist, reisst er von der Umzäunung drei Wände los und stellt sie an der andern Seite der mittleren Wand auf, so dass eine neue Hürde von zwei <span dir=\"rtl\">בית סאה</span> entsteht, die er ebenfalls pferchen kann. Nachher kann man in dem Felde auch noch Misthaufen machen, nämlich drei Misthaufen in einem Felde, das einen <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> Aussaat enthält wie am Ende dieser Mischna gelehrt wird.</i>, und so kann man ein Feld von vier <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> pferchen. Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel sagt: Ein Feld von acht <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span>. Ist das ganze Feld nur von vier <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span>, muss man ein Stück übrig lassen, wegen des äusseren Scheines<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Damit es nicht aussieht, als beabsichtige er sein ganzes Feld zu düngen.</i>, Aus dem Pferch kann man den Dünger in das Feld, nach Art der Dungstreuer führen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nämlich drei Misthaufen für ein <span dir=\"rtl\">בית סאה</span>.</i>.",
|
49 |
+
"Man darf keinen Steinbruch im Felde eröffnen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מחצב</span> von <span dir=\"rtl\">חצב</span> = Steine hauen. Es ist nämlich ein Ort in seinem Felde, woselbst sich ein Steinbruch befindet, von welchem man Steine zum Bauen aushauet, er ist aber mit Erde bedeckt und nicht sichtbar, den darf man nicht vorweg im siebenten Brachjahre öffnen, weil derjenige, der es sieht, sagen würde: er beabsichtige sein Feld herzustellen, um darauf zu säen.</i>, es sei denn, dass drei Schichten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מורביות</span> = Reihen, Schicht. Aruch sagt, es sei so viel als <span dir=\"rtl\">נדבך</span> und führt als Beweisstelle an: <span dir=\"rtl\">וטור סביב בהן</span> übersetzt <span dir=\"rtl\">ונדבכין עבידין בהן = תרגום</span> = Und Reihen machte man ihnen.</i>von je drei Ellen lang, drei Ellen breit und drei Ellen hoch, in dem Masse von 27 Steinen darin offen sind<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">18</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es müssen schon im sechsten Jahre drei Reihen Steine, wovon jeder Stein eine Kubikelle enthält, offen liegend, vorhanden sein, woraus man sieht, dass das Öffnen des Steinbruchs nur des Raumes wegen geschah.</i>.",
|
50 |
+
"Wenn in einer Mauer 10 Steine von je zwei Menschenlasten sind, so darf man sie alle nehmen. Das Mass der Mauer ist zehn Handbreiten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">19</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Einen <span dir=\"rtl\">טפח</span> muss man stehen lassen, sonst sieht es aus, als sollte der Raum zum Säen benutzt werden.</i>. Fehlt etwas hieran, so ist es ein Steinbruch und man muss bis auf eine Handbreite vom Erdboden abstossen. Wobei gilt dies alles? Wenn es im eigenen Felde ist. Aber aus einem anderen Felde kann man nehmen, so viel man will. Ferner gilt alles nur, wenn man im Jahre vor <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> nicht angefangen hatte; wenn man aber damals bereits angefangen hatte, darf man nehmen, so viel man will.",
|
51 |
+
"Steine, welche das Pflugeisen aufgeschüttelt hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">20</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ja selbst, wenn sie von dem Pflugeisen später aufgerüttelt werden könnten, werden sie betrachtet, als wären sie bereits aufgeschüttelt.</i>, oder die bedeckt waren und jetzt frei liegen, dürfen weggenommen werden, wenn darunter zwei von je zwei Menschenlasten sind<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">21</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Alle können, nebst den beiden, weggenommen werden.</i>. Wer sein Feld von Steinen reinigen will, nimmt die oberen, und lässt die, welche den Boden berühren liegen. So nimmt man auch von einem Haufen kleiner Steine, oder von einem Haufen grosser Steine nur die oberen und lässt die liegen, welche den Boden berühren. Wenn aber ein Fels oder Stroh darunter ist, so können sie alle weggenommen werden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">22</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil es nicht aussieht, als sollte hier gesäet werden.</i>.",
|
52 |
+
"Man darf, nach dem Ende der Regenzeit des sechsten Jahres, an den Eingängen zu den tiefen Tälern, keine Steintreppen bauen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">23</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Man baute Stufen an den Eingängen in ein tiefes Tal, wo sich das Wasser sammelt, womit man die Felder zu begiessen pflegt.</i>, weil man sie dadurch für das siebente Jahr in Stand setzt; aber im siebeuten Jahre, darf man, nach dem Ende der Regenzeit, solche bauen, weil man sie für das kommende Jahr in Stand setzt. Auch soll man keine mit Erde gefüllte Mauer anlegen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">24</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn er den Ort, wo das Wasser abfliesst durch Steine absperren will, darf er nicht Erde oder Lehm zwischen die Steine legen, weil es aussieht, als wolle er das Wasser zum Begiessen seiner Felder benutzen.</i>; aber wohl darf man einen Damm von blossen Steinschichten machen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">25</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">חייץ</span> = Steindamm, cf. Hesekiel 13,10 <span dir=\"rtl\">והוא בונה חייץ</span> = »Und er wird einen Steindamm bauen«.</i>. Jeder Stein, nach dem man mit der Hand langen kann, darf dazu genommen werden.",
|
53 |
+
"Schultersteine kann man von jedem Orte nehmen, und ein Bauunternehmer<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">26</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">קבלן</span> ist entweder Einer, der einen Acker in Akkord übernimmt, oder ein Bauunternehmer.</i>kann Steine von jedem Orte herbringen. Schulter-Steine sind solche, die man nicht mit einer Hand aufnehmen kann, das sind die Worte R. Meïrs. R. Jose sagt: Schultersteine, wie ihr Name besagt, deren man zwei oder drei auf der Schulter tragen kann.",
|
54 |
+
"Wenn Jemand eine Mauer zwischen seinem Eigentume und einem öffentlichen Orte bauen will, darf er bis auf den Felsen graben. Was macht er mit der Erde? — Er kann sie auf dem öffentlichen Orte aufwerfen und nachmals ordnen. So R. Josua. R. Akiba sagt: So wie es nicht erlaubt ist, auf öffentlichen Orten Unordnung zu machen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">27</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn etwa Steine oder Erde auf öffentlichen Orten zerstreut liegen, darf er sie nicht an einem Platze zusammenbringen und aufhäufen, sondern muss sie sogleich fortschaffen.</i>, so darf man auch daselbst nichts in Ordnung bringen. Was soll er aber mit der Erde machen? Er häufe sie in seinem Felde nach der gesetzlichen Weise des Düngens auf<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">28</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nämlich drei Haufen für ein <span dir=\"rtl\">בית סאה</span>.</i>. Eben so verhält es sich, wenn Jemand einen Brunnen, eine Grube oder eine Höhle gräbt."
|
55 |
+
],
|
56 |
+
[
|
57 |
+
"Früher hatte man festgesetzt: Es dürfe Jeder Holzstücke, Steine und Kräuter, und zwar von einiger Grösse, eben so gut aus eigenem Felde sammeln, wie man aus fremdem Felde alles auflesen dürfe<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> So wie man in einem fremden Felde sowohl grosse als kleine Holzstücke und Kräuter auflesen kann, obgleich dadurch das Säen in demselben gefördert wird, weil man weiss, dass es nicht des Aussäens wegen geschieht; eben so kann man die grossen Holzstücke, Steine und Kräuter aus seinem Felde herauslesen denn da die kleinen zurückbleiben, ist es ersichtlich, dass es ihm nur um die Holzstücke etc. zu tun ist, und nicht um sein Feld für das Besäen einzurichten, sonst würde er ja auch die kleinen Holzstücke weggeschafft haben.</i>. Als jedoch die Übertreter sich mehrten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Welche aus ihren Feldern die grossen und die kleinen Holzstücke etc. aufsuchten und Vorgaben, nur grosse abgesucht zu haben.</i>, verordnete man, dass man nur in fremdem Felde auflesen dürfe, und zwar ohne dass jener ihm einen Gegendienst leiste,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dadurch wird er nicht dazu kommen, auch die kleinen abzusuchen, da er dafür keinen Gegendienst erhält.</i>geschweige dass er ihm Kost bestimme.",
|
58 |
+
"Ein von Dornen befreites Feld<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">שנתקוצה</span> = Ein entdorntes Feld von <span dir=\"rtl\">קוץ</span> abgeleitet.</i>, darf am Ende des siebenten Jahres besäet werden; ein doppelt gepflügtes<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es redet dieses zur Zeit der römischen Herrschaft, welche darauf drang, die Grundsteuer an den Staat abzuliefern, daher erlaubte man, selbst im siebenten Jahre zu pflügen, und der Abgabe zu genügen, aber nur ein einfaches Pflügen war gestattet, aber nicht ein doppeltes.</i>, oder zum Pferchen gebrauchtes, darf nicht am Ende des siebenten Jahres besäet werden.— Von einem doppelt gepflügten Felde sagt Bet Samai darf man die Früchte im siebenten nicht geniessen. Bet Hillel dagegen erlaubt es. Bet Samai lehrt: Man darf keine Früchte des siebenten Jahres geniessen, um dafür dem Eigentümer anderweit zu dienen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Den Eigentümern darf von den Früchten kein Vorteil er wachsen, da das Gesetz sie im siebenten preisgegeben.</i>; Bet Hillel erlaubt es für und ohne Gegendienst. R. Jehudah trägt diesen Streit umgekehrt vor: Es sei dieser Lehrsatz einer von denen, worin Bet Samai das Gesetz erleichtert, und Bet Hillel es erschwert.",
|
59 |
+
"Man darf ein im siebenten Jahre neu beackertes Feld vom Heiden pachten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es darf der Israelit ein, vom Heiden im siebenten Jahre gepflügtes Feld, zu Ende dieses Jahres besäen, wenn er dafür Pacht gibt, um den Ertrag zu ernten; obgleich er dadurch den Heiden veranlasste, im siebenten Jahre zu pflügen.</i>, aber nicht von einem Israeliten. Eben so darf man auch dem Heiden im siebenten Jahre bei seinem Unternehmen aufmunternde Unterstützung gewähren<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn er ihn ackernd findet, darf er zu ihm sagen: »Wohl gelinge es Dir,« u. dgl.</i>, nicht aber dem Unternehmen eines Israeliten. Des freundschaftlichen Verkehrs wegen darf man die Heiden zu jeder Zeit grüssen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Selbst an ihren Festtagen.</i>.",
|
60 |
+
"Wenn Jemand in einer Ölbaumpflanzung lichten will<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn die Ölbäume zu dicht neben einander stehen, entfernt man einen und lässt zwei stehen, oder man entfernt zwei und lässt einen stehen, dadurch entsteht eine Lichtung und das Wachstum wird gefördert.</i>, so soll er nach Bet Samai bis an die Wurzel abschneiden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Wurzel bleibt in der Erde, wobei es nicht aussieht, als bearbeite er die Erde.</i>; Bet Hillel jedoch sagt: Er darf auch mit der Wurzel ausreissen, gesteht aber zu, dass er, wenn er blos sein Feld ebnen will, nur abschneiden darf<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn er nämlich 3 Bäume, die neben einander stehen, entfernt, wird der Erdboden zu sehr geebnet und es sieht aus, als wolle er hier Erdarbeit verrichten.</i>. — Was versteht man hier unter Einem, der lichtet?— Einen der einen oder zwei Bäume wegschafft. — Derjenige, welcher ebnet, schafft drei neben einander stehende Bäume fort. — Wobei gilt dies alles?— Im eigenen Felde, aber im fremden, kann auch der Ebnende ausreissen.",
|
61 |
+
"Wenn man am Ölbaume Holz abschlägt, darf man die behauene Stelle nicht mit Erde<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denn aus der Erde wird Lehm und man verbessert dadurch den Baum.</i>, wohl aber mit Steinen oder Stroh bedecken<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Zum Schutz dass er nicht vertrockne.</i>. Auch wer Sykomoren-Äste abhaut, darf die behauene Stelle nicht mit Erde, sondern mit Steinen oder Stroh bedecken. Man darf keine Jungfer-Sykomore<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die noch nie behauen worden ist.</i>im siebenten Jahre abhauen, weil das ihre Bearbeitung ist. R. Jehudah sagt: Nach gewöhnlicher Weise ist es verboten, aber man darf zehn Handbreiten hoch, oder dicht an der Erde abschneiden",
|
62 |
+
"Wenn man Weinstöcke abstutzen oder Röhre abschneiden will<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Er schneidet die Spitzen der Weinstöcke ab, damit der Stamm sich vergrössere und kräftiger werde; eben so schneidet er beim Rohr ab, damit dasselbe dicker werde und seine Kraft sich vermehre.</i>, so soll man nach R. Jose dem Galiläer eine Handbreit fern bleiben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nämlich vom Erdboden, dann wird es nicht mehr wie Erdarbeit angesehen.</i>, R. Akiba sagt: Man kann, wie es üblich ist, schneiden: mit der Axt, mit der Sichel, oder mit der Säge und womit man will. Einen vom Winde aufgespaltenen Baum<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">18</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">שנפשח</span> Die Parallelstelle findet sich in Klagelieder Jeremia 3,11, <span dir=\"rtl\">ויפשחני</span> »und zerreisst mich«.</i>, darf man im siebenten Jahre nicht so binden, dass er zusammenwachse<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">19</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dass sich die Spalten fest verbinden.</i>, aber wohl, dass er nicht weiter aufreisse.",
|
63 |
+
"Von welcher Zeit ab, darf man Baumfrüchte im siebenten Jahre essen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">20</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denn es heisst: Die Früchte des siebenten Jahres sollen <span dir=\"rtl\">לאכלה</span> zum Essen sein aber nicht zum Verderben. Wenn man sie demnach vor ihrer Reife verzehrte, hiesse das; sie verderben.</i>.? Sobald reifende Feigen zu scheinen anfangen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">21</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dass sie rötlich werden.</i>, darf man sie zum Brot auf dem Felde essen; sind sie angeschwollen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">22</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">ביחלו</span> = In Zacharias 11,8 heisst es <span dir=\"rtl\">וגם נפשם בחלה בי</span> = »Auch ihre Seele ward meiner überdrüssig, was überreif ist, desselben ist man überdrüssig.</i>, so darf man sie mit nach Hause nehmen; eben so in ähnlichem Zustande, muss man sie in den übrigen Jahren der Jahreswoche verzehnten.",
|
64 |
+
"Junge Weinbeeren darf man, sobald sie Saft geben, zum Brote essen; sobald sie die Kerne zeigen, darf man sie mit nach Hause nehmen, und im ähnlichen Zustande in den übrigen Jahren der Jahreswoche muss man sie verzehnten.",
|
65 |
+
"Oliven darf man, so lange ein <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> derselben, nur ein Viertel <span dir=\"rtl\">לוג</span> Öl gibt, auf dem Felde zerdrücken<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">23</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Man pflegt die Oliven zu zerdrücken, um die Bitterkeit derselben fortzuschaffen.</i>und essen; bringen sie aber ein halbes <span dir=\"rtl\">לוג</span>, so darf man sie auf dem Felde pressen und auch damit salben. Bringen sie jedoch ein Drittel, so kann man sie auf dem Felde pressen und das Öl nach Hause bringen; und eben so in den übrigen Jahren der Jahrwoche, sind sie zehntpflichtig. Bei allen übrigen Baumfrüchten ist die Zeit des Essens im siebenten Jahre dieselbe, wie sonst die des Verzehntens<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">24</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Blos Feigen. Weintrauben und Oliven pflegt man schon vor ihrer vollen Reife zu essen, daher kann man sie im siebenten Brachjahre auch früher verzehren. Bei anderen Früchten ist dies nicht der Fall.</i>.",
|
66 |
+
"Von welcher Zeit ab darf man den Fruchtbaum im siebenten Jahre nicht mehr abhauen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">25</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da derselbe, wie es heisst zum Essen, aber nicht zum Verderben sein soll. Oder auch, da das Gesetz die Früchte des siebenten Jahres preisgegeben hat, würde man durch Abhauen der Bäume die Armen berauben.</i>? Bet Samai sagt; Sobald der Baum ausschlägt. Bet Hillel sagt: Der Johannisbrotbaum sobald die Zweige zu hängen anfangen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">26</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Sie hängen kettenartig herab.</i>. Weinstöcke sobald die Beeren der weissen Bohne gleich sind<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">27</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dass die Beeren Kerne = <span dir=\"rtl\">גרעין</span> zeigen, oder so gross wie weisse Bohnen sind.</i>, Ölbäume sobald sie blühen; alle anderen Bäume sobald sie ausschlagen. Jeder Baum aber darf, sobald er in die Zeit des Verzehntens gelangt ist, umgehauen werden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">28</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da die Früchte alsdann bereits geniessbar sind und ihm das Holz mehr als die Früchte einbringt.</i>. Wie viel muss ein Ölbaum bringen, damit es verboten sei ihn abzuhauen? — Ein Viertel <span dir=\"rtl\">קב</span>. Rabban Simon ben Gamliel sagt: Alles nach Verhältniss des Olivenbaumes."
|
67 |
+
],
|
68 |
+
[
|
69 |
+
"Das siebente Jahr der weissen Feige kann in’s zweite (der Jahrwoche) fallen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">בנות שוח</span> sind weisse Feigenbäume, die zu drei Jahren tragen.</i>weil sie auf drei Jahre Frucht tragen. R. Jehudah sagt: Die Persua<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Eine Art Feige, die alle zwei Jahre trägt.</i>haben ihr siebentes Jahr auch wohl im folgenden, weil sie auf zwei Jahre Früchte tragen. Man wandte ihm ein, es sei nur von weissen Feigen so gelehrt worden.",
|
70 |
+
"Wenn Jemand Arum im siebenten Jahre in die Erde einschlagen will, so sagt R. Meïr: Man dürfe nicht weniger als zwei <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> nehmen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Damit es nicht aussehe, als habe er gesäet, und das Arum eingestreut.</i>, auch müssen sie wenigstens drei Handbreiten auf einander liegen und eine Handbreite Erde darüber sein. Die Weisen sagen: Mindestens vier <span dir=\"rtl\">קב</span> eine Handbreit hoch und eine Handbreit Erde darüber. Ausserdem muss man es einschlagen an Orten, wo die Leute darauf treten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Damit es nicht wachse.</i>.",
|
71 |
+
"Wenn Arum gestanden hat, bis das siebente Jahr verstrichen ist, sagt R. Elieser : Dafern die Armen dessen Blätter gesammelt haben, ist es gut, wo nicht muss man sich mit den Armen berechnen. R. Josua sagt: Wenn die Armen die Blätter gesammelt haben,ist es gut; wo nicht, haben die Armen kein Recht auf Verrechnung.",
|
72 |
+
"Reifes Arum vom sechsten Jahre, das bis in’s siebente stehen geblieben, so auch die Sommerzwiebeln und Krapp vom fetten Boden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">פואה</span> ist Krapp = rubia tinctorum = Färberröte, sie bedarf eines fetten Bodens, wenn man viel Farbe gewinnen will. Die Wurzel muss mehrere Jahre alt sein, wenn man sie aus der Erde nimmt.</i>dürfen nach Bet Samai nur mit hölzernen Spaten ausgestochen werden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Damit es nicht aussieht, als wolle man die Erde bearbeiten.</i>; Bet Hillel jedoch sagt: Auch mit metallenen Hacken. Jene gestehen aber zu, dass man eckigen Krapp<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> So Rambam. Andere erklären <span dir=\"rtl\">פואה של צלעות</span> entweder <span dir=\"rtl\">סלעות=צלעות</span>, wo <span dir=\"rtl\">צ</span> mit <span dir=\"rtl\">ס</span> als die Zischbuchstaben <span dir=\"rtl\">זסשרץ</span> mit einander vertauscht werden können, also Krapp der zwischen Felsen wächst; oder <span dir=\"rtl\">צלעות</span> hat Verwandtschaft mit Exod. 26,35 <span dir=\"rtl\">ולצלע המשכן</span> = »an der Seite der Wohnung« ; demnach Krapp, der an der Seite des Feldes wächst. In beiden Fällen kann man metallene Werkzeuge gebrauchen, da man hier nicht zu säen pflegt.</i>mit metallenen Hacken ausstechen dürfe.",
|
73 |
+
"Von welcher Zeit ab darf man eingeschlagen gewesenes Arum im Jahre nach <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> kaufen? R. Jehudah sagt: Sogleich. Die Weisen aber lehren: Wenn das Heurige<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das neue Getreide.</i>erst in Menge da ist<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das ist von <span dir=\"rtl\">פסח</span> ab.</i>.",
|
74 |
+
"Folgendes sind die Geräte, welche der Handwerker im siebenten Jahre nicht verkaufen darf<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Demjenigen der verdächtig auf <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> ist.</i>: einen Pflug mit dem Zubehör, ein Joch, eine Schwinge und ein Stechmesser; wohl aber darf er eine Handsichel und eine Schnittersichel (Sense), einen Wagen und Zubehör verkaufen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil er von dem Preisgegebenen vielleicht einheimsen will.</i>. Das ist die Regel: alles, was einzig zur Übertretung der Gesetze sogleich gebraucht werden kann, ist verboten, was aber zu Unerlaubtem und zu Erlaubtem anwendbar ist, bleibt erlaubt.",
|
75 |
+
"Der Töpfer darf fünf Ölkrüge und fünfzehn Weinkrüge verkaufen, denn so viel pflegt man von den preisgegebenen Früchten des siebenten Jahres einzubringen; und wenn Jemand mehr als dies einbringt, so darf man ihm mehr Krüge verkaufen. Auch kann er nach Belieben an einen Heiden im Lande und an einen Israeliten ausser Landes verkaufen.",
|
76 |
+
"Die Schule Samai’s lehrt: Man darf ihm im siebenten Jahre keine ackernde Kuh verkaufen, die Schule Hillels erlaubt es, weil er sie auch zum Schlachten gebrauchen könnte<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Schule Hillels hat die Meinung: dass, wo man annehmen kann, dass er es zum erlaubten Gebrauche anwendet, so ist der Verkauf gestattet.</i>. Man darf ihm Früchte selbst zur Saatzeit verkaufen. Man darf ihm sein <span dir=\"ltr\">סאה</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ein <span dir=\"rtl\">סנה</span> Mass.</i>leihen, selbst wenn man weiss, dass er eine Tenne hat. Man darf ihm grosses Geld gegen Münze wechseln, selbst wenn man weiss, dass er Arbeiter hält. Alles dies aber ist verboten, wenn es ausdrücklich<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn er ausdrücklich sagt, dass er die Dinge zu <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> benutzen will, so ist es verboten.</i>(zu Verbotenem) verlangt wird.",
|
77 |
+
"Eine Frau darf einer anderen, die wegen <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> verdächtig ist<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Sie steht im Verdacht, Früchte des siebenten Brachjahres zu geniessen.</i>, ein Mehlsieb und ein Kornsieb, eine Handmühle und einen Ofen leihen; aber ihr nicht auslesen und mahlen helfen. Die Frau eines <span dir=\"rtl\">חבר</span> darf der Frau eines <span dir=\"rtl\">עם הארץ</span> ein Mehlsieb und ein Kornsieb leihen, auch ihr auslesen, mahlen und sieben helfen, aber sobald sie Wasser auf das Mehl gegossen hat, darf sie nicht weiter mit anrühren<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil, wenn der Teig zum Kneten bereit ist, er der Pflicht der <span dir=\"rtl\">חלה</span> unterliegt, und durch die unreinen Gefässe, welche geeignet sind die Unreinheit zu empfangen, unrein wird; man darf für <span dir=\"rtl\">חלה</span> keine Unreinheit herbeiführen.</i>; denn man darf die Übertreter in keiner Weise unterstützen. Übrigens hat man alles dies (letztere) nur des Friedens wegen erlaubt, so wie man den Heiden im siebenten Jahre in seinen Unternehmungen aufmunternde Unterstützung gewähren kann, aber nicht dem Israeliten, und Jenen jederzeit grüssen darf, um des Friedens Willen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Diese Worte sind bereits oben Abschn. 4, m. 3 erwähnt und hier nebenbei noch einmal angefügt.</i>."
|
78 |
+
],
|
79 |
+
[
|
80 |
+
"Dreierlei Länder sind zu unterscheiden in Betreff des <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Gesetzes. In dem Strich, den die aus Babylon Gekommenen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Esra und sein Gefolge.</i>vom Lande Israel bis <span dir=\"rtl\">כזיב</span> hin in Besitz nahmen, darf weder die Frucht des siebenten Jahres genossen, noch das Land bestellt werden; in dem Teil, den die aus Ägypten Gekommenen ehemals auch inne hatten, von <span dir=\"rtl\">כזיב</span> bis an den Fluss und bis an’s Gebirge <span dir=\"rtl\">אמנה</span>, darf die Frucht genossen, das Land aber nicht bestellt werden. Von dem Fluss und <span dir=\"rtl\">אמנה</span> landeinwärts, darf man die Früchte geniessen und das Feld bestellen.",
|
81 |
+
"In Syrien darf man, an bereits abgepflückten Früchten mitarbeiten, aber nicht an den noch am Boden haftenden, also man darf dreschen, worfeln, keltern, Garben binden, aber nicht schneiden, Weinlese halten, Oliven schütteln. Eine Regel lehrte R. Akiba: Alles, was in gleicher Weise im Lande Israel selbst (nach der Tora) erlaubt ist, darf man in Syrien unbedingt tun<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wiewohl es in Palästina rabbinisch verboten ist.</i>.",
|
82 |
+
"Von stehen gebliebenen Zwiebeln, auf welche Regen gefallen und die danach gewachsen sind, dürfen, wenn die Blätter schwarz geworden sind, diese nicht genossen werden, sind sie aber gelb, so darf man sie geniessen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn die Blätter schwarz geworden sind, so ist das ein Zeichen, dass sie im siebenten Jahre an Wachstum zugenommen haben; wohingegen bei gelben Blättern ein Welkwerden eingetreten ist.</i>. R. Chanina ben Antignos sagt: Wenn man sie an den Blättern ausziehen kann, so sind sie unerlaubt, und dem entsprechend sind sie beim Ausgange des siebenten erlaubt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn die Zwiebeln vom sechsten Jahre herrühren, dann ausgestochen und im siebenten auf einige Zeit wieder eingesetzt worden und dann wieder ausgestochen und im folgenden Jahre eingesetzt worden; denn von Zwiebeln, des siebenten Jahres, die beim Ausgange des siebenten hervorgingen, kann nicht die Rede sein; denn so sehr würde R. Chanina nicht erleichtern, da die Zwiebeln doch tatsächlich im siebenten Jahre gewachsen sind.</i>.",
|
83 |
+
"Von welcher Zeit ab darf man Kohlkräuter am Ausgange des siebenten Jahres kaufen? Sobald eben so grosse neue gewachsen sein können. Sobald die frühzeitigen gewachsen sind, ist es erlaubt, spätzeitige zu kaufen. Rabbi hat erlaubt sogleich Kohlkräuter zu kaufen.",
|
84 |
+
"Öl, das verbrannt werden muss<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Öl von unreiner <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> muss verbrannt werden.</i>und Früchte des siebenten Jahres<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Sowohl das Öl von unreiner <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, als auch die Früchte des siebenten Jahres, die vertilgt werden müssen, sollen nur im Lande Israel ihre Vernichtung erfahren.</i>, darf man nicht aus dem Lande nach ausserhalb ausführen. Rabbi Simeon Sagt: Ich habe ausdrücklich gehört, man dürfe sie nach Syrien, aber nicht nach dem eigentlichen Auslande ausführen.",
|
85 |
+
"Man darf keine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> vom Auslande in’s Land einführen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil die Priester nach den Scheunen gehen, um sich die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> zu holen; sie würden häufig ins Ausland deshalb reisen und sich dort verunreinigen.</i>, R. Simeon sagt: Ich habe ausdrücklich gehört, man dürfe sie von Syrien einführen, aber nicht vom eigentlichen Auslande."
|
86 |
+
],
|
87 |
+
[
|
88 |
+
"Als wichtige Regel in Betreff des <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> hat man festgestellt: Alles, was Menschenspeise, Vieh-Nahrung oder Färbestoff ist und was nicht in der Erde stehen bleibt, ist dem <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Gesetze unterworfen, eben so, das dafür gelöste Geld. Es muss seiner Zeit weggeschafft werden, eben so das dafür gelöste Geld. Welche sind es zum Beispiel? Das Blatt der wilden Luffa<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ist nicht recht klar, was es eigentlich ist.</i>, das Blatt der Minze, Endivie, Lauch, Portulak<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> S. Abschn. 9 Note 15</i>und Milchblume. Ferner: Viehnahrung: Dornen und Disteln. Ferner Färbekraut: Die Sprossen von Isatis und Saflor; alle diese und das dafür gelöste Geld sind dem <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Gesetze unterworfen und beide müssen seiner Zeit fortgeschafft werden.",
|
89 |
+
"Noch eine zweite Regel hat man festgesetzt. Alles, was nicht Menschenspeise, Viehnahrung oder Färbestoff ist und in der Erde stehen bleibt, ist, wie auch das dafür gelöste Geld, dem <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Gesetze unterworfen, aber weder sie selbst, noch das dafür gelöste Geld braucht fortgeschafft zu werden. Welche sind es zum Beispiel? — Die Wurzel der wilden Luffa, die Wurzel der Minze, die Hirschzunge, Hasenkohl und Bakoris. Vom Färbestoff: Krapp und Chalottenzwiebel<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">הרכפא</span> = Geschlauch, Chalottenzwiebel <span dir=\"rtl\">ערוך</span>. Nach Bartenora sind es Wurzeln, die unter der Erde liegen. Man macht sie ein und trinkt ihr Wasser. Hat nun Jemand Würmer im Leibe, so werden dieselben durch das getrunkene Wasser getödtet.</i>, diese sowie das dafür gelöste Geld, unterliegen dem <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Gesetze ; aber weder das eine noch das andere muss seiner Zeit fortgeschafft werden. R. Meïr sagt: Das Geld müsse bis zum Neujahrsfeste fortgeschafft werden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil die Gewächse erkennbar sind, das Geld jedoch nicht, und man könnte leicht damit Handel treiben.</i>, aber man erwiederte ihm: Da die Gewächse selbst nicht fortgeschafft werden müssen, wie viel weniger das dafür gelöste Geld.",
|
90 |
+
"Die Schalen von Granatäpfeln, sowie dessen Blüte, die Schalen der Nüsse und die Kerne überhaupt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">גרעינים</span> sind Kerne von Früchten, aus denen man Nutzbares zieht, z. B. die Kerne von Oliven, woraus Öl gepresst wird etc.</i>sind, sowie das dafür gelöste Geld, dem <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> - Gesetze unterworfen. Der Färber darf für sich damit färben, aber nicht für Lohn<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das Färben für Lohn ist ein Handelsakt.</i>, weil man mit Früchten des siebenten Jahres keinen Handel treiben darf; auch nicht mit Erstgebornen (lebenden) Tieren<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Aber bei einem geschlachteten ist es erlaubt, nur darf derselbe nicht in Fleischscharnen verkauft werden.</i>, nicht mit Früchten der Hebe, nicht mit Aas, nicht mit <span dir=\"rtl\">טרפה</span>, nicht mit ekelhaften Tieren und Gewürm<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die gesetzlich verboten sind.</i>. Auch darf man nicht Feldkräuter sammeln und auf dem Markte verkaufen. Aber wohl darf Jemand dergleichen sammeln und sein Sohn statt seiner sie verkaufen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das wird nicht als Handel angesehen.</i>. Hat man sie zu seinem Gebrauche gesammelt und noch davon übrig, so darf man sie auch selbst verkaufen.",
|
91 |
+
"Wenn Jemand ein Erstgeborenes<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das einen Leibesfehler hat und deshalb auch von einem Nichtpriester genossen werden darf.</i>zum Hochzeitsmahl seines Sohnes oder zum Feste gekauft hat und bedarf dessen hernach nicht, so darf er es verkaufen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Er darf aber nichts daran verdienen.</i>. Jäger und Fischer, welche Wild, Vögel und Fische fangen, dürfen, wenn ihnen unreine Arten vorkommen, dieselben verkaufen. R. Jehudah sagt: Auch wem dergleichen von ungefähr vorkommt, darf sie nehmen und verkaufen, wenn er nur nicht Gewerbe damit treibt. Die Weisen erklären es für verboten.",
|
92 |
+
"Reiser mit Blüten von Sorben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es giebt mehrere Arten von Sorben. Z. B. der Eibisch = oder rote Vogelbeerbaum, der Speierlingsbaum.</i>und Johannisbrotbäumen und das dafür gelöste Geld sind dem <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Gesetze unterworfen, beides auch der Fortschaffung. Die der Eiche, der Pistazie und der Hagedorne und das dafür gelöste Geld sind dem <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Gesetze unterworfen, aber beides nicht der Fortschaffung. Aber die Blätter müssen fortgeschafft werden, weil sie von ihrem Stamme abfallen.",
|
93 |
+
"Rose, Zipresse, Balsam<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Balsamstaude, aus welcher das Harz als Balsam flisset.</i>und Lotus und das dafür gelöste Geld ist dem <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Gesetze unterworfen. R. Simeon sagt: Der Balsam ist demselben nicht unterworfen, weil er nicht eine Frucht ist.",
|
94 |
+
"Wenn man Rosen in altes Öl eingeweicht hat, kann man die Rosen herausnehmen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Eine Rose vom siebenten Jahre, die er in Öl vom sechsten Jahre eingemacht hat, nimmt er, um sie zu benutzen, vor der Fortschaffungszeit heraus, und alles ist erlaubt.</i>. Sind alte Rosen in frisches Öl eingeweicht worden, so muss es fortgeschafft werden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Aber eine Rose des siebenten Jahres, die er in Öl vom sechsten Jahre eingeweicht hat, und die Zeit des Wegschaffens ist für die Rose herangekommen, so muss er alles wegschaffen; weil verschiedene Arten (<span dir=\"rtl\">מין בשאינו מינו</span>) wenn sie ihren Geschmack einander mitteilen (<span dir=\"rtl\">בנותן טעם</span>), bei <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> unerlaubt werden.</i>. Hat Jemand junge Johannisbrotfrüchte in alten Wein, oder alte, in jungen Wein gelegt, so muss alles fortgeschafft werden. — Dies ist die Regel<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Bei allen Verboten, die in der <span dir=\"rtl\">תורה</span> vorkommen, dass bei gleicher Gattung (<span dir=\"rtl\">מין במינו</span>) schon ein Weniges (<span dir=\"rtl\">משהו</span>) ein Unerlaubtsein (<span dir=\"rtl\">איסור</span>) bewirkt, bei nicht gleicher Gattung (<span dir=\"rtl\">מין בשאינו מינו</span>) die Mitteilung des Geschmackes (<span dir=\"rtl\">בנותן טעם</span>) den <span dir=\"rtl\">איסור</span> bewirkt.</i>: Sobald Früchte von verschiedener Art einander den Geschmack mitteilen, muss alles fortgeschafft werden; und bei gleichen Gattungen, selbst wenn die unerlaubte nur eine Kleinigkeit ist. Frucht von <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> also, macht bei gleicher Gattung, wenn sie noch so wenig ist, alles unerlaubt und bei verschiedener Gattung, sobald sie den Geschmack mitteilt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Hier ist die Rede von der Wegschaffung (<span dir=\"rtl\">ביעור</span>).</i>."
|
95 |
+
],
|
96 |
+
[
|
97 |
+
"Als wichtige Regel in Betreff des <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> hat man festgestellt: Von allem demjenigen, das nur zur Speise des Menschen dient, soll man kein Erweichungsmittel<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מלוגמא</span> griechisch μάλαγμα = erweichen = das Pflaster, lindernder Umschlag. Der Talmud erklärt <span dir=\"rtl\">מלוגמא</span> = ein Mundvoll. Man pflegt nämlich ein mundvoll Weizen oder Feigen zu käuen, um es auf eine Wunde oder Geschwulst zu legen.</i>für Menschen, und wie sich von selbst versteht, nicht für Vieh machen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil in Leviticus 25, 6, geschrieben steht: <span dir=\"rtl\">והיתה שבת הארץ לכם לאבלה</span> »Der Ertrag des Feierjahres soll Euch zur Speise sein«, — was zur Speise des Menschen geeignet ist, sollt Ihr essen können, aber nicht als Medikament verwenden. Was sich aber nicht eignet, könnt Ihr immerhin auch als Medikament verbrauchen.</i>. Von dem, was nicht lediglich für Menschen zur Speise dient, darf man ein Erweichungsmittel für Menschen, aber nicht für Vieh machen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil es dort Vers 7 heisst: <span dir=\"rtl\">ולבהמתך וכו׳</span> »Deinem Vieh« u s. w. soll der Ertrag zur Speise dienen.« Was sich für das Vieh als Speise eignet, darf dasselbe verzehren; aber Heilmittel darf man daraus für das Vieh nicht machen.</i>. Dasjenige aber, was sich nicht zur Speise für Menschen und auch nicht für das Vieh eignet, unterliegt, wenn es zu diesen beiden Zwecken bereits bestimmt war, der strengem Regel beider; waren sie aber lediglich als Holz zum Gebrauche bestimmt, so werden sie nur als Holz betrachtet z. B. wilder Rosmarin, Ysop, Tymian<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Löw 135. Diese Kräuter dienen oft nur zum Geruh oder zur Garteneinfassung.</i>.",
|
98 |
+
"Was im siebenten Jahre wächst, ist zum Essen, zum Trinken und zum Salben frei gegeben; doch nur zum Speisen, was gewöhnlich dazu dient, und zum Salben, womit man sich gewöhnlich salbt. So darf man sich nicht mit Wein und Essig salben, sondern mit Öl. Dasselbe gilt von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> (Hebe) und vom Zweitzehnt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Auch diese sind nur zum Essen, Trinken und Salben freigegeben.</i>; nur ist <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> in dieser Hinsicht leichter, dass man das Öl auch unbedingt zum Brennen brauchen darf<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Während bei <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> nur das unreine Öl zum Brennen gebraucht werden darf und bei <span dir=\"rtl\">מעשר שני</span> nur ein Reiner dasselbe verbrennen kann.</i>.",
|
99 |
+
"Man darf die verkaufbaren <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Früchte nicht nach Maass, Gewicht oder Zahl verkaufen; auch Feigen nicht nach Zahl und Kräuter nicht nach Gewicht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Obgleich dies die übliche Art ist, sondern blos nach Gutdünken.</i>. Bet Samai sagt: Auch nicht in Gebinden. Bet Hillel dagegen lehrt: Dasjenige, was man gewöhnlich auch zu Hause zu binden pflegt, darf man auch auf dem Markte binden, wie z. B. Lauch und Milchblume.",
|
100 |
+
"Sagt Jemand zum Arbeiter: Da hast Du einen Issar und sammle mir heute Kräuter, so ist dieser Arbeitslohn erlaubt. (Sagt er aber): Sammle mir für einen Issar Kräuter, so ist dieser verboten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil der Issar ein Kaufpreis für die Sache ist.</i>. Nimmt Jemand vom Bäcker ein Brot für ein Pondion, (und sagt): Wenn ich Feldkräuter sammle, will ich Dir einige mitbringen, so ist das erlaubt. Hat er es aber ohne Weiteres<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Auf Borg, wie es Brauch ist.</i>genommen, so darf er ihn nicht mit <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Gelde bezahlen weil man mit <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Gelde keine Schuld bezahlen darf.",
|
101 |
+
"Man darf damit nicht den Brunnenmeister<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Welcher die Städte mit Wasser versorgt.</i>, den Bademeister, den Barbier, den Schiffer bezahlen; wohl aber darf man es dem Brunnenmeister für Trinkwasser geben. Überhaupt auch Jedem derselben, als freiwilliges Geschenk.",
|
102 |
+
"Feigen des siebenten Jahres darf man nicht mit dem Feigenmesser schneiden, aber wohl mit jedem anderen Schneidewerkzeuge<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">בחרבה</span> hat Ähnlichkeit mit <span dir=\"rtl\">חרב</span>, demnach irgend ein Schneidewerkzeug. Es scheint ein Widerspruch obzuwalten: Es sollen die Früchte des <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> nicht geerntet und gewinzert werden, und doch soll man sie geniessen! Deshalb ist die Meinung, dass der Ertrag nicht auf gewöhnliche Weise, sondern nicht regelrecht eingeheimst werden muss.</i>. Man darf Weinbeeren nicht in der Kelter, aber wohl in einem Troge auspressen. Oliven darf man nicht in der Ölkelter und mit dem Kelterbaum pressen, sondern nur zerquetschen und in einen Zober einlassen. R. Simeon sagt: Man könne sie in der Ölkelter zermalmen und dann in einen Zober einlassen.",
|
103 |
+
"Man darf nicht Kräuter des siebenten Jahres in Öl von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> kochen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denn, wenn etwa das Öl zufälligerweise unrein würde, müsste Alles verbrannt werden, dadurch kämen die <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Früchte nicht dazu, verzehrt zu werden, was gegen das Gesetz verstösst.</i>um sie nicht dem Verderben auszusetzen. R. Simeon erlaubt es. Der jedesmalige letzte Umsatz der <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Früchte verfällt dem Gesetze und die Frucht selbst bleibt verboten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nach der Zeit des <span dir=\"rtl\">ביעור</span> sind die Früchte und deren Wert verboten; hat ein mehrfacher Umsatz stattgefunden, z. B. Getreide wurde vertauscht gegen Kräuter, diese gegen Fleisch, dieses gegen Wein, dieses gegen Öl u. s. w. so trifft das Gesetz nur den letztem Wert. Bei dem <span dir=\"rtl\">ביעור</span> (Fortschaffung) muss demnach das Öl und die Früchte fortgeschafft werden.</i>.",
|
104 |
+
"Man darf für <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Geld nicht Sklaven, nicht Grundstücke, nicht unreines Vieh kaufen; wenn man jedoch schon gekauft hat, muss man den Wert dafür als <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Geld verzehren<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> So viel Geld er für diese Gegenstände verausgabt hat, muss er für Speisen anlegen, und dieselben mit der Weihe von <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> verzehren.</i>. Eben so darf man keine Geflügel-Opfer für genesene Fluss - Kranke, oder Wöchnerinnen für <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Geld darbringen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Zwei Turtel- oder zwei junge Tauben.</i>. Ist es aber geschehen, muss man den Wert dafür verzehren. Man darf Gefässe nicht mit <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> - Öl bestreichen; ist es geschehen, muss man den Wert dafür verzehren.",
|
105 |
+
"Hat man mit <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Öl eine Haut bestrichen, so sagt R. Elieser, sie müsse verbrannt werden, die Weisen aber sagen: Man verzehre den Wert dafür. Man erzählte von R. Akiba, dass R. Elieser gesagt habe, eine mit <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Öl bestrichene Haut, müsse verbrannt werden. Da erwiederte er: Schweiget: Ich mag Euch, nicht sagen, was R. Elieser darüber gelehrt hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> R. Akiba war der Schüler R. Eliesers und wollte nicht sagen welche Meinung sein Lehrer R. Elieser bezüglich der bestrichenen Haut habe, da dieser sehr zur leichtern Seite der Beurteilung neige, die er nicht gewillt sei, ihnen mitzuteilen.</i>.",
|
106 |
+
"Gleicher Weise erzählte man ihm, dass R. Elieser gelehrt habe: Wer das Brot eines Götzendieners esse, ist gleich dem<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nicht geradezu, sondern blos Seitens der Rabbinen, wo nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">מלקות</span> sondern blos die Strafe von <span dir=\"rtl\">מכת מרדות</span> Platz greift.</i>, der Schweinefleisch isst. Und er erwiederte: Schweiget! Ich mag Euch nicht sagen, was R. Elieser darüber gelehrt hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">18</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Er hat sehr erleichternd darüber geurteilt.</i>.",
|
107 |
+
"In einem mit Stroh oder Stoppeln von <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> geheizten Bade darf man baden. Ein angesehener Mann jedoch<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">19</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Andern als Muster dienen kann. Rambam erklärt <span dir=\"rtl\">אדם חשוב</span> = Er ist ein angesehener Mann, dass man seinetwegen nicht blos Holz, sondern auch wohlriechende Kräuter verbrennt, um ihm das Bad angenehm zu machen und diese Kräuter sind essbar.</i>soll nicht darin baden."
|
108 |
+
],
|
109 |
+
[
|
110 |
+
"Raute, Fenchel, wilder Spargel, wilde Portulak, Bergkoriander, Fluss-Eppich, und Wiese - Wohlgemut<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">אפר</span> ist soviel als <span dir=\"rtl\">אחו</span> = Wiese. Bartenora.</i>sind zehntfrei<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil sie nicht gehütet werden.</i>und können im siebenten Jahre von Jedermann gekauft werden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil man sie nicht aufbewahrt, was man jedoch aufzubewahren pflegt, darf man von einem <span dir=\"rtl\">עם הארץ</span> im Brachjahr nicht kaufen. Aber selbst von denjenigen Dingen, die man nicht aufzubewahren pflegt, darf man nur auf drei Mahlzeiten vom <span dir=\"rtl\">עם הארץ</span> kaufen.</i>, weil man dergleichen nicht aufbewahrt. R. Jehuda sagt: Nachwuchs von Senf ist ebenfalls erlaubt, weil die Übertreter des Gesetzes nicht verdächtig sind, denselben aufzubewahren. R. Simeon meint: Aller Nachwuchs ist erlaubt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil man diesen nicht aufzubewahren pflegt.</i>, ausser vom Kohl, da dergleichen nicht unter den wilden Gewächsen steht. Die Weisen aber sagen: Aller Nachwuchs ist verboten.",
|
111 |
+
"Dreierlei Länder giebt es in Betreff der Wegschaffung<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Satzung des Wegschaffens der Schebiit - Früchte gründet sich auf den Vers Leviticus 25, 7: <span dir=\"rtl\">ולבהמתך וכו׳</span> »Deinem Vieh und dem Wild, das in Deinem Lande ist, soll der ganze Ertrag als Speise gehören.« Daraus wird geschlossen, dass so lange das Wild auf dem Felde von den selbstgewachsenen Früchten zu essen hat, so lange darf man auch das Vieh im Hause damit füttern. Wenn man also Früchte in diesem Jahre gesammelt und nach Hause gebracht hat, darf man davon essen und damit füttern, so lange es dergleichen auf dem Felde giebt. Nachher jedoch muss man hinwegschaffen, was man im Hause hat, entweder verbrennen, oder in’s Meer werfen, oder sofort selbst aufessen, oder auch preisgeben. Diese Zeit ist nach Beschaffenheit des Bodens in den verschiedenen Landen ungleich.</i>der <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Früchte: Judäa, das Land jenseits des Jordans<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Peräa = das Jenseitige, früher von Ruben, Gad und dem halben Stamme Manasse bewohnt.</i>und Galliläa. Jeder dieser Bezirke hat wieder drei Unterabteilungen; Galliläa zerfällt in das obere, das untere und die Ebene. Von <span dir=\"rtl\">כפר חנניה</span> an aufwärts, soweit keine Sikomoren wachsen, ist das obere; von <span dir=\"rtl\">כפר חנניה</span> unterwärts, so weit Sikomoren wachsen, ist das untere<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ein Hinweis, dass Sikomoren in Gründen wachsen, bietet die Stelle Könige I, Cap. 10, 27. <span dir=\"rtl\">ואת הארזים נתן כשקמים אשר בשפלה לרוב</span> »Und die Zedern achtete er wie die Sikomoren in der Niederung, wegen der Menge«.</i>und das Gebiet von Tiberias ist die Ebene. In Judäa sind unterschieden: Das Gebirge, der Grund und die Ebene. Der Berggrund bei Lydda wird dem Südgrund gleichgeachtet, das dortige Gebirge gleich dem Königsberge; und von <span dir=\"rtl\">בית חורין</span> bis an’s Meer ist eine Landschaft.",
|
112 |
+
"Weshalb hat man aber nur dreierlei Hauptländer genannt?<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Und nicht neun?</i>Weil man in jedem besonders die <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> - Früchte, bis die letzten in demselben Lande zu Ende sind, essen darf. R. Simeon sagt: Man hat nur drei<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Man setzt voraus, dass die Tiere wohl in demselben Lande von einer Grenze zur andern sich entfernen, aber nicht in ein anderes Land fliehen; z. B. nicht von Judäa nach Galliläa.</i>Abteilungen in Judäa festgestellt, alle übrigen richten sich nach dem Königsberge. Alle zusammen aber werden als eins betrachtet in Betreff der Oliven und Datteln.",
|
113 |
+
"Man darf <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Früchte geniessen mit Rücksicht auf noch vorhandene, frei stehende, aber nicht auf noch aufbewahrte<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn noch Früchte von derselben Sorte im Freien vorhanden sind, auch im Hause geniessen und davon den Tieren geben, aber nicht solche, die in einem aufbewahrten Orte zu Hause oder im Garten sich befinden.</i>. R. Jose erlaubt es auch mit Rücksicht auf Aufbewahrtes. Man darf geniessen mit Rücksicht auf die Futternäpfe<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ein linsenförmiges irdenes Gefäss, worin man Vogelfutter tut. <span dir=\"rtl\">ערוך</span>.</i>, auf doppelt tragende Feigenbäume<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Man isst von dem, was zuerst getragen war, bis das Zweitgetragene, nicht mehr am Baum sich befindet.</i>, aber nicht auf Wintertrauben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">הסתווניות</span> = Wintertragende, mit <span dir=\"rtl\">סתו</span> verwandt.</i>. R. Jehuda erklärt es für erlaubt, wenn sie nur reifen, ehe der Sommer zu Ende ist.",
|
114 |
+
"Wenn Jemand dreierlei Arten Kräuter in ein Fass zum Einmachen getan hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Entweder in Essig oder Salzwasser.</i>, so sagt R. Elieser: Man darf sie nur essen, so lange das erste noch im Felde vorhanden ist. R. Josua sagt: Bis das letzte zu Ende ist. Rabban Gamliel sagt: Sobald von einer Art nichts mehr auf dem Felde ist, muss er diese Art aus dem Fasse wegschaffen. R. Simeon sagt: Sämmtliche Kräuter sind in Betreff des <span dir=\"rtl\">ביעור</span> als eins zu betrachten. Portulak<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">רגילה</span>, im Griechischen ἀνδράχνη = Portulak = Burtzelkraut, oder wilder Erdbeerbaum. Eine Art Klee aber essbar cf. Löw S. 321.</i>darf man geniessen bis die <span dir=\"ltr\">סגריות</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">סגריות</span> ist ein verstümmeltes Wort und heisst richtig <span dir=\"rtl\">סנדיות</span> = Artischocken. cf. Löw S. 321.</i>aus dem Tale <span dir=\"rtl\">בית נטופה</span> nicht mehr vorhanden sind.",
|
115 |
+
"Wer grüne Kräuter einsammelt, darf sie geniessen, bis der Saft trocken ist<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Er darf sie ohne <span dir=\"rtl\">ביעור</span> geniessen bis die Feuchtigkeit in dem Erdboden trocken ist, welche den Früchten ihre Süssigkeit giebt. Vgl. auch Abschn. 3, 1.</i>. Wer trocken aufliest<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">18</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מג��ב</span> = das Zeitwort von <span dir=\"rtl\">גב</span> = trocken. Das <span dir=\"rtl\">תרגום</span> von <span dir=\"rtl\">נגבו = והנה חרבו</span> = sie waren trocken. Also trockene Kräuter einsammeln. Auch von <span dir=\"rtl\">לקושש קש</span> ist das <span dir=\"rtl\">לגבבא = תרגום</span>.</i>, bis der zweite Frühregen fällt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">19</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das ist gewöhnlich bis zum dreiundzwanzigsten Tage in <span dir=\"rtl\">מרחשון</span>.</i>. Blätter von Rohr und Weinstöcken, bis sie von ihrem Stamm abfallen. Wer die trockene aufliest, bis der zweite Frühregen fällt. R. Akiba sagt: Bei Allen bis der zweite Frühregen fällt.",
|
116 |
+
"Gleicherweise, wenn Jemand einem Andern ein Haus bis zur Regenzeit vermietet, so gilt es bis zum zweiten Frühregen. Wenn Jemand durch ein Gelübde, allem Genusse von einem Andern bis zur Regenzeit entsagt, so gilt es bis zum zweiten Frühregen. Bis wie lange gehen die Armen in die Gärten?<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">20</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Armen dürfen in die Felder und Gärten gehen, um ihr Armenrecht nämlich <span dir=\"rtl\">לקט שבחה פאת</span> in den übrigen Jahren und so auch nach dem Feierjahre, um das was vom <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> übrig ist, zu holen.</i>Bis der zweite Frühregen fällt. Von welcher Zeit ab, darf man von Stroh und Stoppeln des siebenten Jahres Gebrauch machen? Sobald der zweite Frühregen fällt.",
|
117 |
+
"Wenn Jemand Schebiit - Früchte hat, und es tritt die Fortschaffungs-Zeit ein, so muss er sie verteilen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">21</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Zuerst darf er seinen Hausleuten austeilen, hernach seinen Nachbaren, Verwandten und Bekannten. Das Übrige legt er an die Tür seines Hauses und sagt: „Meine Brüder aus dem Hause Israel, wer es bedarf, nehme es!«</i>und zwar jedem höchstens zu drei Mahlzeiten. Arme dürfen, was sie vom Preisgegebenen gesammelt haben, auch nach der Fortschaffungszeit essen, Reiche aber nicht. So R. Jehudah. R. Jose sagt: Sowohl Arme als Reiche dürfen sie auch nach der Fortschaffungszeit essen.",
|
118 |
+
"Wenn Jemand <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> - Früchte hat, die ihm durch Erbschaft zugefallen, oder als Geschenk gegeben sind, so sagt R. Elieser: Sie müssen in Gemeinschaft mit denen, die sie essen dürfen, verzehrt werden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">22</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Obgleich die Früchte in erlaubter Weise, nämlich in der Absicht, sie nach Vorschritt zu verbrauchen, eingesammelt worden, meint dennoch R. Elieser, er darf sie nicht allein geniessen, sondern sie sollen in Gemeinschaft mit Andern, von ihm verzehrt werden, sonst würde er dem Geber zu Dank verpflichtet sein (<span dir=\"rtl\">בטובה</span>), was gegen den Ausspruch in der Mischn. 2 im 4. Abschn. oben verstiesse.</i>. Die Weisen sagen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">23</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Im Sinne des R. Elieser, vgl. d. Comm.</i>: Man darf den Sünder nicht belohnen, sondern die Früchte müssen verkauft, und das Geld an Jedermann verteilt werden. Wer von einem aus <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Früchten gemachten Teige isst, ehe die <span dir=\"rtl\">חלה</span> davon genommen wird, verdient den Tod<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">24</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Teig von <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> unterscheidet sich hierin nicht von anderm Teige.</i>."
|
119 |
+
],
|
120 |
+
[
|
121 |
+
"Das Ende des siebenten Jahres bewirkt einen Erlass jedes Anlehens, es sei mit hypotekarischer Verschreibung<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Er hat ihm in einem Scheine seine Grundstücke als Hypotek verschrieben.</i>oder ohne solche gemacht. Handelsrechnung für Waare bewirkt keinen Erlass<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das wird nicht als Schuld angesehen.</i>; wird sie aber zum Anlehen umgewandelt, so bewirkt sie Erlass. R. Jehudah sagt: Bei allen ersteren Rechnungen tritt Erlass ein<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn er die erste Waare auf Kredit entnahm, so wird dieselbe als Anlehn betrachtet und bewirkt Erlass, bis auf die letzte. Weil er verabsäumte die ersten Posten zu bezahlen, so werden sie als Anlehn gehalten und Erlass tritt ein, bis zum letzten, der nicht erlassen wird.</i>. Tagelohn hebt es nicht auf; wird es jedoch zum Anlehen umgewandelt, so hebt es dasselbe auf. R. Jose sagt: Alle Schulden für Arbeiten, die im siebenten Jahre aufhören müssen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das sind solche, die im siebenten Jahre verboten sind, z. B. Ackern und Pflügen und dergleichen, der Lohn für diese Arbeiten wird zum Anlehen.</i>, werden erlassen, nicht aber solche Schulden, welche für Arbeiten entstehen, die im siebenten Jahre nicht auf hören müssen.",
|
122 |
+
"Wenn Jemand<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Im <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>-Jahre.</i>eine Kuh schlachtet und am ersten Neujahrstage aushackt, so ist die Schuld dafür, wenn der Monat vorher auf dreissig Tage angesetzt war, erlassen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn der Monat <span dir=\"ltr\">אלול</span> 30 Tage hat, so ist der erste Tag <span dir=\"rtl\">ראש השנה</span> ein Wochentag und zwar der letzte vom Erlassjahre, folglich muss die Schuld für die Kuh erlassen werden.</i>, wo nicht, ist sie nicht erlassen. — Strafgelder für einen, der eine Jungfrau gewaltsam geschwächt, oder verführt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Diese geben 50 Sekel.</i>, oder in üblen Ruf gebracht hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dieser muss 100 Sekel geben.</i>, und alle gerichtlichen Erkenntnisse<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die durch Erkenntnis des Gerichts bestimmten Gelder, sind kein Darlehn, sondern als solche, welche derjenige, dem sie zuerkannt sind, gleichsam schon in seinem Besitze hat anzusehen.</i>werden nicht aufgehoben ; auch wenn man auf Pfand geliehen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denn es heisst Deuteronom. 15,3 <span dir=\"rtl\">ואשר יהיה לך וכו׳</span>. „Was Du von Deinem Bruder erhalten sollst, das erlasse‟. Wenn Du aber von Deinem Bruder etwas in Händen hast, nämlich das Pfand, dann verfällt die Schuld nicht.</i>, und wenn man die Schuldverschreibungen dem Gerichte übergeben hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denn hier hat Dein Bruder nichts zu fordern, sondern das Gericht.</i>, wird die Schuld nicht aufgehoben.",
|
123 |
+
"Ein <span dir=\"ltr\">פרוזבול</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Siehe hierüber Traktat Peah, Abschnitt 3, Mischnah 6.</i>macht, dass das Anlehn nicht erlischt. Dies ist eins von den Dingen, die Hillel der Ältere verordnete. Als er nämlich sah, dass die Leute Anstand nahmen, einander Geld zu leihen und übertraten, was im Gesetze geschrieben steht: (Deuteron. 15, 9): „Hüte Dich, dass nicht der schändliche Gedanke in Deinem Herzen aufsteige u. s. w.‟ verordnete er das <span dir=\"ltr\">פרוזבול</span>.<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das Erlassen von Geldern war in jener Zeit nur von Seiten der Rabbinen geboten, weil in der Schrift von zwei Erlassen die Rede ist; vom Erlass der Äcker (im Jobel) und vom Erlass der Gelder; so lange nun vom Erlass der Äcker die Rede sein konnte, so lange konnte von Seiten der <span dir=\"rtl\">תורה</span> auch die Rede vom Erlass der Gelder sein, was jedoch damals aufgehört hatte. Deshalb konnte auch Hillel diese Verordnung machen.</i>.",
|
124 |
+
"Das ist der wesentliche Inhalt eines <span dir=\"rtl\">פרוזבול</span>-Formulars: „Ich, der und der, übergebe Euch den Richtern des und des Ortes (die Erklärung): dass ich jede mir ausstehende Schuld, wenn ich will, jederzeit einfordern darf.‟ Die Richter oder die Zeugen unterzeichnen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denn bei einer von den Rabbinen angeordneten Urkunde kann der Zeuge auch Richter sein, und der Richter auch Zeuge.</i>.",
|
125 |
+
"Ein <span dir=\"rtl\">פרוזבול</span>, der ein früheres Datum trägt, ist gültig<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil dies zum Nachteil des Gläubigers ausfällt, da die Schulden, die etwa in die Zeit nach dem Datum des <span dir=\"rtl\">פרוזבול</span> fallen, erlassen werden müssen. Der nachdatirte ist ungültig, weil das Gericht, durch das spätere Datum irre geführt, auch Darlehen, die nach der Ausstellung des <span dir=\"rtl\">פרוזבול</span> gegeben wurden, einkassieren würde, wodurch dem Schuldner ein Unrecht geschähe, da der <span dir=\"rtl\">פרוזבול</span> auf diese späteren Darlehen sich nicht erstreckt.</i>; ein nachdatierter ist ungültig. Dagegen sind vordatierte Schuldverschreibungen ungültig<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil er von den Käufern die Grundstücke, die in der früheren Zeit vom Schuldner gekauft sind, mit Unrecht beansprucht, da er nur dasjenige beanspruchen kann, was von der Zeit des Datums ab gekauft worden ist.</i>; aber nachdatierte gültig<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil der Gläubiger durch das spätere Datum nur sich einen Nachteil zuzieht.</i>. Wenn Einer von fünf verschiedenen Personen borgt, muss man für jeden besonders ein <span dir=\"rtl\">פרוזבול</span> schreiben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">18</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da jede Schuldverschreibung, um ein Prosbul zu erlangen, dem Gericht eingereicht werden muss.</i>; wenn fünf Personen von Einem borgen, so kann er ein <span dir=\"rtl\">פרוזבול</span> für Alle schreiben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">19</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da hier nur ein Anlehn entnommen wird.</i>.",
|
126 |
+
"Man schreibt ein <span dir=\"rtl\">פרוזבול</span> nur in Beziehung auf liegende Güter<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">20</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Des Schuldners, alsdann nur wird die Schuld beim Gerichte angesehen, als wäre sie bereits bezahlt.</i>. Wenn dieser keine hat, so eignet ihm der Gläubiger etwas von seinem Grundstücke, sei es noch so wenig, als Eigentum zu. Besitzt der Schuldner ein verpfändetes Grundstück in der Stadt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">21</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Entweder an ihn, oder von ihm verpfändet.</i>, so kann man darüber ein <span dir=\"rtl\">פרוזבול</span> schreiben. R. Chuzpit sagt: Man schreibt dem Ehemann über das unbewegliche Vermögen der Frau und den Waisen über das unbewegliche Vermögen der Vormünder.",
|
127 |
+
"Ein nicht befestigter Bienenstock, sagt R. Elieser, ist wie liegendes Gut anzusehen, man kann demnach <span dir=\"rtl\">פרוזבול</span> darüber schreiben; er nimmt an seinem Orte bleibend keine Unreinigkeit an<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">22</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> So wie fester Erdboden keine Unreinigkeit annimmt.</i>, und wer am Sabbat davon Honig abnimmt, ist schuldig. Die Weisen sagen: Er ist nicht wie liegendes Gut anzusehen, man darf kein <span dir=\"rtl\">פרוזבול</span> darüber schreiben und nimmt, an seinem Orte bleibend, Unreinigkeit an, und wer am Sabbat davon Honig abnimmt, ist frei.",
|
128 |
+
"Wenn Jemand eine durch <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> erlassene Schuld zurückgeben will<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">23</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Und zwar am Ende von <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span>, weil es Deuter. 15, 1 heisst <span dir=\"rtl\">מקץ שבע שנים תעשה שמטה</span>. „Am Ende der sieben Jahre sollst Du einen Erlass halten.</i>, so sage der Gläubiger zu ihm: „Ich beachte das Gesetz des siebenten Jahres.‟ Giebt er zur Antwort: „Dennoch (will ich zahlen)‟, so darf es der Gläubiger annehmen,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">24</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Er kann sogar während er <span dir=\"rtl\">משמט אני</span> sagt, die Hand danach ausstrecken, um es zu empfangen.</i>denn es heisst (Deuter. 15, 2): „Dieses ist das Wort der Erlassung. Ähnlich ist der Fall: Wenn ein Todtschläger in die Freistadt geflüchtet ist, und die Stadtleute ihm Ehrenbezeugungen erweisen wollen, so soll er zu ihnen sagen : „Ich bin ein Todtschläger!‟ Antworten sie: „Dennoch!‟ So darf er sie annehmen. Denn es heisst: Dies ist das Wort des Todtschlägers.",
|
129 |
+
"Wenn Jemand seine, durch <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> erlassenen Schulden bezahlt, so erwirbt er sich den Beifall der Weisen. Wer vom Proselyten, dessen Kinder mit bekehrt wurden, geborgt hat, braucht es (falls der <span dir=\"rtl\">גר</span> stirbt), seinen Kindern nicht zu bezahlen. Wer es dennoch tut, erwirbt sich den Beifall der Weisen.—Alle beweglichen Sachen werden erst durch Ergreifung des Gegenstandes erworben. Wer aber sein blosses Wort hält,<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">25</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Im Leviticus 19,36 heisst es: <span dir=\"rtl\">אפה צדה והין צדה יהיה לכם</span>. „Ein richtiges Epha und ein richtiges Hin sollt Ihr haben‟. Das wird so ausgelegt: „Dein Ja soll ein Ja und Dein Nein ein Nein sein, (indem das Wort »Hin« wie <span dir=\"rtl\">הֵין</span> = »Ja« gedeutet wird).</i>erwirbt sich den Beifall der Weisen."
|
130 |
+
]
|
131 |
+
],
|
132 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
133 |
+
"Chapter",
|
134 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
135 |
+
]
|
136 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Sheviit/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
ADDED
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1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Sheviit",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"priority": 1.0,
|
8 |
+
"license": "CC-BY",
|
9 |
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"shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Joshua Kulp",
|
10 |
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"actualLanguage": "en",
|
11 |
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"languageFamilyName": "english",
|
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"isBaseText": false,
|
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"isSource": false,
|
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"direction": "ltr",
|
15 |
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"heTitle": "משנה שביעית",
|
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"categories": [
|
17 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
18 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
19 |
+
],
|
20 |
+
"text": [
|
21 |
+
[
|
22 |
+
"Until when may they plow an orchard in the sixth year? Bet Shammai say: as long as such work will benefit the fruit. And Bet Hillel says: till Atzeret (Shavuot). The views of this [school] are close to those of the other.",
|
23 |
+
"What constitutes an orchard? Any field in which there are at least three trees for every bet seah. If each tree is capable of yielding a cake of pressed figs, the size of sixty in the Italian maneh, then the entire bet seah may be plowed for their sake. If less than this amount, they may only plow the area that is occupied by the gatherer when his basket is placed behind him.",
|
24 |
+
"Whether they are fruit-bearing trees or non-fruit-bearing trees, we treat them as if they were fig-trees. If they are capable of yielding a cake of pressed figs, the size of sixty in the Italian maneh, then the entire bet seah may be plowed for their sake. If less than this amount, they may plow them only for their own needs.",
|
25 |
+
"If one of the trees was capable of bearing a cake of dried figs [weighing sixty manehs], and the other two unable; or, if two could do so, but one cannot, then they may plow them only for their own needs. [This is the rule if the number of trees is] from three to nine, but if there were ten trees or more, whether they produce [the requisite amount of fruit or not] the whole bet seah may be plowed on their account. As it says: “In plowing and in harvesting, you shall rest” (Ex 34:21). It was unnecessary to state plowing and harvesting in the seventh year, rather [what it means is] the plowing of the year preceding which encroaches on the sabbatical year, and the harvest of the seventh year which extends into the year after. Rabbi Ishmael says: just as plowing is an optional act, so harvesting [referred to in the verse] is optional, thus excluding the harvesting of the omer [which is obligatory].",
|
26 |
+
"Three trees belonging to three persons, they join together and they may plow the entire bet seah on their account. What space should there be between them? Rabban Gamaliel says: sufficient for the driver of the herd to pass through with his implements.",
|
27 |
+
"If ten saplings are scattered over the entire area of a bet seah, they may plow the whole bet seah, even until Rosh Hashanah. But if they were arranged in a row or they were surrounded by a fence, they may plow them only for their own needs.",
|
28 |
+
"Saplings and gourds are counted together within space of a bet seah. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: if there are ten gourds in the bet seah they may plow the whole bet seah until Rosh Hashanah.",
|
29 |
+
"Up until when are they called saplings? Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah says: until they are permitted for common use. But Rabbi Joshua says: until they are seven years old. Rabbi Akiba says: [the word] sapling, [it goes] according to its name. A tree which had been cut down and then produced fresh shoots: if one handbreadth or less, they are regarded as saplings, if more than a handbreadth they are regarded as trees, the words of Rabbi Shimon."
|
30 |
+
],
|
31 |
+
[
|
32 |
+
"Until when may they plow a white field in the sixth year? Until the moisture has dried up in the soil, or as long as men still plow in order to plant cucumbers and gourds. Rabbi Shimon said: in that case you are placing the law in the hands of each man! Rather in the case of a white field until Pesah, and in the case of an orchard until Atzeret (Shavuot).",
|
33 |
+
"They may manure and hoe cucumbers and gourds until Rosh Hashanah. So too with regard to irrigated fields. They may remove flaws from trees, strip off leaves, cover roots with earth, and fumigate the plants until Rosh Hashanah. Rabbi Shimon says: one may also remove leaves from a grape cluster even in the seventh year itself.",
|
34 |
+
"They may clear away stones until Rosh Hashanah. They may trim, prune and remove [excess parts of the tree] until Rosh Hashanah. Rabbi Joshua says: just as one may trim and remove in the fifth year so too may one perform this work in the sixth year. Rabbi Shimon says: as long as I may legally tend the tree itself, I may remove [excess parts of it].",
|
35 |
+
"They may besmear saplings, wrap them around, and trim them, and they may make for them shelters and water them until Rosh Hashanah. Rabbi Elazar bar Zadok says: he may even water the foliage on the sabbatical year, but not the roots.",
|
36 |
+
"They may oil unripe figs and pierce them until Rosh Hashanah. Unripe figs of the sixth year which have [remained on the tree] until the seventh year, or of the seventh year which have remained on the tree until the eighth year, they may not oil them or pierce them. Rabbi Judah says: In a place where it was the custom to oil, one may not oil them, since that would be considered work; but in a place where it was not the custom to oil, they may oil them. Rabbi Shimon permitted in connection with the tree, because he is permitted to do all work for the tree.",
|
37 |
+
"They may not plant or sink [vine-shoots], or graft in the sixth year within thirty days of Rosh Hashanah. If he has planted or sank or grafted, he must uproot. Rabbi Judah says: any grafting that has not taken root within three days will never do so. Rabbi Yose and Rabbi Shimon say: two weeks.",
|
38 |
+
"Rice, millet, poppy and sesame that had taken root before Rosh Hashanah must be tithed according to the previous year, and are permissible in the seventh year. If they did not then they are forbidden in the seventh year, and are tithed according to the year following.",
|
39 |
+
"Rabbi Shimon Shezuri says: Egyptian beans which he sowed for seed only, are like them. Rabbi Shimon says: large beans, are [also] like them. But Rabbi Elazar says: large beans, if they began to form pods before Rosh Hashanah.",
|
40 |
+
"Seedless onions and Egyptian beans from which he withheld water for thirty days prior to Rosh Hashanah are tithed with the preceding year, and are permitted in the seventh year. And if not, they are forbidden in the seventh, and are tithed according to the following year. And [seedless onions and Egyptian beans grown in a] rain-irrigated field from which two periods of rain have been withheld, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: three.",
|
41 |
+
"Gourds which he had kept [in the ground] for seed: if they had hardened before Rosh Hashanah and had become unfit for human food, they may be kept during the seventh year; otherwise, they must not be kept in the seventh year. Their buds are forbidden in the seventh year. They may irrigate the soil of a white field (a grain field), the words of Rabbi Shimon. But Rabbi Elazar ben Jacob prohibits. They may soak the rice in the sabbatical year. Rabbi Shimon says: but they may not be trim [the rice]."
|
42 |
+
],
|
43 |
+
[
|
44 |
+
"From when may they bring out manure to the dung-heaps?From when the workers have ceased to work, the words of Rabbi Meir. But Rabbi Judah says: until the sweetness [of the manure] has dried up. Rabbi Yose says: until [the dung dries] into knots.",
|
45 |
+
"How much manure may they take out and make into dung-heaps? Three dung-heaps for every bet seah, [each consisting of] ten baskets [of foliage] of a letekh each. They may add to the number of baskets, but not to the number of heaps. Rabbi Shimon says: also to the number of heaps.",
|
46 |
+
"A man may deposit in his field three dung-heaps for every bet seah [and even] more, the words of Rabbi Shimon. The sages forbid unless he [deposits them] three [handbreadths] below or trhee handbreadths above. A man may pile up all the manure into one [large] store. Rabbi Meir forbids unless he [deposits them] three [handbreadths] below or trhee handbreadths above. If he had just a little, he may constantly add to it. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah forbids unless he [deposits them] three [handbreadths] below or trhee handbreadths above or until he places them on a rock.",
|
47 |
+
"One who uses his field as a pen for cattle, he [first] makes an enclosure for every two bet se'ahs. He then uproots three sides, and leaves the middle side. It turns out that he has made a pen of four seahs. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: one of eight seahs. If his entire field is only four seahs in area, he must allow a portion of it to remain [unenclosed] for appearance's sake. And he may take the dung out from the enclosure, and spread across his field in the manner of those who fertilize their fields.",
|
48 |
+
"A man may not open a stone quarry within his field for the first time, unless there are in it three layers, each three [cubits long], three wide and three high, for a total of twenty-seven stones.",
|
49 |
+
"A wall that consists of ten stones, each a load for two men, may be removed, [if] the measurement of this wall is [at least] ten handbreadths high. Less than that he quarries it and he may lower it to within one handbreadth of the ground. When is this so? From his own field, but from that of another, he may remove whatever he wishes. When is this so? When he did not begin [to remove the stones] in the sixth year, but if he began in the sixth year, he may remove whatever he wishes.",
|
50 |
+
"Stones which the plow has turned up, or which had been covered and became uncovered, if there are among them at least two, [each] the load of two men, they may be removed. One who removes stones from his field, he removes the top layers, but he leave those touching the ground. And likewise a heap of pebbles, or a pile of stones; he may remove the top layers but must leave those touching the ground. If, however, there is beneath them rocky soil or stubble, they may be removed.",
|
51 |
+
"They may not build steps leading to ravines in the sixth year after the rains have stopped, for this would be improving the fields for the seventh year. But he may build in the seventh year itself, after the rains have stopped, for this would be a improving the fields for the eighth year. He may not block them [the steps] with earth, but he may make an embankment. Any stone which he can stick out his hand and pick up, may be removed.",
|
52 |
+
"Shoulder-stones may be removed from any place. And the contractor may bring them from anywhere. Which are shoulder-stones? Any one that cannot be picked up with one hand, the words of Rabbi Meir. But Rabbi Yose says: the name is to be taken literally; those that are carried on a man’s shoulder, either two or three at a time.",
|
53 |
+
"One who makes a fence between his own property and the public domain, he is allowed to dig down to rock level. What should he do with the soil? He piles it up in the public domain, and then restores it, the words of Rabbi Joshua. Rabbi Akiva says: just as no damage may be done to a public domain, so one may not repair it. Then what should he do with the soil? He heaps it up in his own field in the manner of those who bring out dung [for manure]. Similarly when one digs a cistern, a trench or a cave."
|
54 |
+
],
|
55 |
+
[
|
56 |
+
"At first they said: a man may gather wood, stones and grasses from his field, just as he was allowed to do from the field of his fellow, the large ones. When the transgressors increased, they decreed that this one may gather from this one’s field and this one may gather from this one’s field, but not as a [mutual] favor. It doesn’t need to be said that no stipulation can be made for food.",
|
57 |
+
"A field from which thorns had been removed may be sown in the eighth year. But if it had been improved upon, or cattle had been allowed to live upon it, it may not be sown in the eighth year. A field which had been improved upon in the seventh year: Bet Shammai says: they may not eat its produce in the seventh year, But Bet Hillel says: they may eat. Bet Shammai says: they may not eat produce of the sabbatical year with an expression of thanks. But Bet Hillel says: they may eat [sabbatical year produce] with an expression for thanks and without an expression of thanks. Rabbi Judah says: the statements must be reversed, for this is one of the instances where Bet Shammai is lenient and Bet Hillel is stringent.",
|
58 |
+
"They may rent newly plowed land from a Gentile in the seventh year, but not from an Israelite. And they may encourage Gentiles during the seventh year, but not Israelites. They may exchange greetings with them because of the ways of peace.",
|
59 |
+
"One who thins out his olive-trees [in the seventh year]: Bet Shammai says: he cuts them down to the ground. Bet Hillel says: he may completely uproot them. They agree that if one levels his field, he can only cut them down to the ground. What is considered “thinning out”? One or two plants. And what is considered “leveling”? Three plants next to each other. This applies to his own property only, but from the property of another, even he that levels may uproot.",
|
60 |
+
"One who cuts down branches of an olive tree, he may not cover up [the stump] with earth, but he may cover it with stones or straw. One who cuts down branches of a sycamore tree, he may not cover up [the stump] with earth, but he may cover it with stones or straw. One may not cut down from a virgin sycamore in the seventh year, for this would constitute actual labor. Rabbi Judah says: in its usual manner, it is forbidden. Rather he either cuts it ten handbreadths above [the soil], or he cuts it down to ground level.",
|
61 |
+
"One who trims grape vines, or cuts reeds: Rabbi Yose the Galilean says: he must leave [uncut at least] one handbreadth. But Rabbi Akiba says: he may cut them in the usual manner, with the axe, sickle or saw, or with whatever he pleases. A tree that had split may be tied up in the seventh year, not that it may heal, but only that it should not widen.",
|
62 |
+
"From when may one begin to eat of the fruit of the trees in the seventh year? With unripe figs as soon as they assume a rosy appearance, one may eat them in the field with his bread. Once they have begun to ripen, he may take them home. And similarly in the other years of the sabbatical cycle [when this latter stage has been reached] they are subject to tithes.",
|
63 |
+
"Unripe grapes: as soon as they contain juice he may eat them with bread in the field. When they have begun to ripen, he may take them home. And similarly in the other years of the sabbatical cycle [when they have reached this latter stage] they are subject to tithes.",
|
64 |
+
"Olives, as soon as they can produce a quarter log [of oil] for each se'ah, they may be split and eaten in a field. When they produce a half-log, then he may crush them in a field and use their oil. When they have reached a third [of their overall potential], they may be crushed in the field and brought home. And similarly in the other years of the sabbatical cycle [when they have reached this latter stage] they are subject to tithes. With all other fruit of trees [the season when they become due to be tithed] is the season when they are permitted in the seventh year.",
|
65 |
+
"From when may they no longer cut down trees in the seventh year? Bet Shammai says: every tree, after it has produced [fruit]. Bet Hillel says: carob trees after [the carobs] begin to droop, vines after the berries begin to be moist, olive-trees after they had blossomed, any other tree after it has produced [fruit]. And any tree as soon as it reaches the season for tithes it may be cut down. How much should be on an olive tree such that it may not be cut down? A quarter [kav]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: all depends on the olive-tree."
|
66 |
+
],
|
67 |
+
[
|
68 |
+
"White figs: their “sheviit” is in the second year [of the sabbatical year], since they ripen once in three years. Rabbi Judah says: Persian figs, their “sheviit” is in the year following the seventh year, since they ripen once in two years. Thereupon they said to him: this was said only of the species of white figs.",
|
69 |
+
"One who buries luf (a type of onion) in the soil during the sabbatical year: Rabbi Meir says: it must be not less than two seahs in quantity, three handbreadths in height, and covered with earth one handbreadth deep. The sages say: it must be not less than four kabs in quantity, one handbreadth high, and covered with earth one handbreadth deep. And he should bury it in a place where people walk.",
|
70 |
+
"Luf which has remained [in the ground until] after the passing of the seventh year: Rabbi Eliezer says: if the poor had gathered its leaves, then they have gathered. If not, then an account must be made with the poor. Rabbi Joshua says: if the poor had gathered its leaves, then they have gathered. If not, the poor have no account with him (the field owner).",
|
71 |
+
"Luf of the sixth year that has entered the seventh year, similarly summer onions and puah (madder) grown in good soil: Bet Shammai says: they must be uprooted with wooden rakes. Bet Hillel says: [even] with metal rakes. They agree in the case of puah with strong roots, that they may be uprooted with metal spades.",
|
72 |
+
"From when may one buy luf after the seventh year? Rabbi Judah says: immediately. But the sages say: [only] after the new crop has appeared.",
|
73 |
+
"These are the implements which a craftsman may not sell in the seventh year:A plow and all its [accompanying] implements, a yoke, a winnowing-fan, and a pickax. But he may sell a sickle used by hand, a scythe, and a cart with all its implements. This is the general principle: any tools designed for work involving a transgression [in the seventh year] is prohibited; but if for a forbidden and a permissible purpose, it may be [sold].",
|
74 |
+
"The potter may sell five oil-jars and fifteen wine-jars, for this is the usual amount one collects from ownerless produce. But if he brought more, it is still permitted. He may also sell [more jars] to Gentiles in the land of Israel and to Jews outside of the land.",
|
75 |
+
"Bet Shammai says: one must not sell him a plowing cow in the seventh year. But Bet Hillel permits, since he may slaughter it. One may sell him produce even at sowing time. And one may lend him a seah measure, even though he knows that he has a threshing-floor. One may exchange coins for him, even though he knows that he has workers. But all these things, if he expresses [that they will be used for unlawful purposes], then they are forbidden.",
|
76 |
+
"A woman may lend to her neighbor who is suspect of transgressing the laws of the sabbatical year, a sifter, a sieve, a hand-mill, or an oven. But she may not sift or grind with her. The wife of a haver may lend to the wife of an am haaretz a sifter and a sieve and may even sift, grind, or sift flour with her. But once she poured water [over the flour], she may not touch [it] with her, for one may not aid those who commit a transgression. And all these things were only allowed in the interests of peace. They may offer encouragement to Gentiles during the sabbatical year, but not to Jews. In the interests of peace, one may also offer greetings to Gentiles."
|
77 |
+
],
|
78 |
+
[
|
79 |
+
"[The land of Israel is divided into] three territories with regard to the sabbatical law.[Any produce grown in land] that was occupied by those who came up from Babylon, namely from Eretz Israel as far as Chezib, may not be eaten, nor [may its soil] be cultivated. [Any produce grown in land] that was occupied by those who came up from Egypt, namely from Chezib to the river, and until Amonah, may be eaten, but [its soil] may not be cultivated. From the river till Amonah and inwards, [produce] may be eaten and [the soil] cultivated.",
|
80 |
+
"In Syria, one may perform work on produce that has been detached, but not on produced attached [to the soil]. They may thresh, winnow, and tread [the grapes], or make [the grain] into sheaves, but they may not harvest [the crops], nor cut the grapes, nor harvest the olives. Rabbi Akiva said this principle: the kind of work that is permitted in Eretz Israel may also be done in Syria.",
|
81 |
+
"Onions on which rain fell and which had sprouted, if their leaves had turned black, they are forbidden; if they had become green they are permitted. Rabbi Hanina ben Antigonus says: if they can be plucked out by their leaves, they are forbidden. In the year after the sabbatical year, the like of these are permitted.",
|
82 |
+
"When may one buy vegetables at the outgoing of the sabbatical year [without fear that they are sabbatical produce]?When enough time has passed for similar [vegetables] to grow. Where produce ripens quickly, even that which is late in ripening is also permissible. Rabbi used to allow the buying of vegetables immediately after the sabbatical year was over.",
|
83 |
+
"One may not take oil [of terumah] that had to be burned, nor produce of the seventh year, from the land [of Israel] to other countries. Rabbi Shimon said: I have heard it expressly stated that they may be exported to Syria, but not to any other country outside the land.",
|
84 |
+
"They may not import terumah from outside the land of Israel into Israel. Rabbi Shimon said: I have heard it expressly stated that they may be bring from Syria, but not from any other country outside the land."
|
85 |
+
],
|
86 |
+
[
|
87 |
+
"They said an important general principle with regard to the sabbatical year: anything that is food for man or beast, or a species [of plants] used for dyeing, and cannot be left growing in the soil, the law of the sabbatical year is applied both to it and to its money substitute and the law of removal applies both to it and to its money substitute. Which are they? The leaves of the wild luf, the leaf of ceterach, endives, leeks, portulaca, and netz hahalav. What is the food for cattle? Thorns and thistles. What is species of dyeing matter? Aftergrowths of woad and madder. The law of the seventh year applies both to them and to their money-substitutes and the law of removal applies both to them and to their money substitute.",
|
88 |
+
"And they said yet another general principle: Anything that is food for man or beast, or is used for dyeing, but can be left in the soil, the law of the sabbatical year applies both to it and to its money substitute but the law of removal does not apply to it or to its money substitute. Which are these? The root of wild luf, the root of ceterach, scolopendrium, the root of netz hahalav and buchreyah. What is the species of dyeing matter? Puah (madder) and reseda. The law of the sabbatical year applies both to them and to their money substitute but the law of removal does not apply to them or to their money substitute. Rabbi Meir says: their money substitutes must be removed by Rosh Hashanah. They said to him: since this law does not apply to the plants themselves, all the more so it does not apply to their money-substitute.",
|
89 |
+
"The peels and the blossom of the pomegranate, the nutshells, and fruit seeds the laws of sabbatical produce apply to them and to their money substitutes. The dyer may use them for himself, but he may not dye with them for a wage, since one may not engage in business with seventh year produce, or with first-born animals, or with terumah, or with nevelah, or with trefah, or with reptiles or with creeping things. One should not buy field-vegetables and sell them in the market. But he may gather them and have his son sell them on his behalf. If he gathered them for his own use, and some remains over, he may sell them.",
|
90 |
+
"If one buys a first-born animal for his son’s [wedding] feast, or for a festival, and then decides that he has no need for it, he may sell it. Trappers of wild animals, birds and fishes, who chanced upon unclean species, may sell them. Rabbi Judah says: also a man who happened to chance one upon by accident may buy or sell, provided that he does not make this into his regular profession. But the sages prohibit.",
|
91 |
+
"The lulavim of hawthorn trees and carobs the laws of sheviit apply to them and to their money substitutes, the law of removal applies to them and to their money substitutes. The lulavim of the terebinth, the pistachio tree and the white thorn, the laws of sheviit apply to them and to their money substitutes, but the law of removal does not apply to them and to their money substitutes. But as for the leaves the law of removal applies, since they fall from their stem.",
|
92 |
+
"The rose, henna, balsam, the lotus tree the laws of sheviit apply to them and to their money substitutes. Rabbi Shimon says: sheviit does not apply to the balsam, since it is not a fruit.",
|
93 |
+
"If a new rose has been preserved in old oil, the rose may be taken out. But if an old rose was preserved in new oil, it is subject to the law of removal. New carobs preserved in old wine, or old carobs in new wine, are subject to the law of removal. This is the general principle: Any thing that imparts taste, he must remove it if it is one kind mixed with a different kind. But if it is mixed with the identical kind, then [the whole is subject to removal] even if only the smallest quantity exists. Sabbatical year produce renders similar kinds prohibited even [if it exists] in the smallest quantity. But if of different species only when it imparts taste."
|
94 |
+
],
|
95 |
+
[
|
96 |
+
"They said an important general principle with regard to the sabbatical year: Anything that is usually designated as food for humans, one may not make a poultice of it for a person. And there is no need to say [that he may not make a poultice of it] for a beast. Anything that is not usually designated as for food for humans may be used as a poultice for a person, but not for cattle. And anything not usually designated either for humans or for animals, but now he thought to use it as food for either a person or an animal, we impose upon it the stringent laws applying both to people and beasts. If he thought to use it as wood [for a fire], behold it is treated as wood [and the laws of sheviit do not apply]; for example, savory, hyssop, or thyme.",
|
97 |
+
"Sabbatical year produce may be used for food, drink and for anointing. That which is usually eaten can be used for food only; that which is usually used for anointing can be used only for anointing, and that which is usually used for drinking can be used for drink only. One may not anoint with wine and vinegar, but he may anoint with oil. So too with terumah and second tithe. Greater leniency was applied to [oil of] the seventh year, since it can be used for lamp-kindling.",
|
98 |
+
"Produce of the seventh year may not be sold by measure, weight or number. Neither may figs [be sold] by number, nor vegetables by weight. Bet Shammai says: they may not be sold, even in bundles. But Bet Hillel says: that which is usually tied in bundles [to bring] to the house may even be tied into bundles for the market, such as leeks and netz hahalav.",
|
99 |
+
"If one says to a worker: “Take this issar and gather vegetables for me today,” his payment is permitted. [But if he said:] “In return for this [issar], gather vegetables for me today,” then his payment is forbidden. If one bought a loaf from a baker worth a pondion [and said:] “When I have gathered vegetables from the field, I will bring them to you,” this is permitted. If he bought it from him without any explanation, he may not pay him his debt with the value of seventh year produce, for no debt can be paid with the value of seventh year produce.",
|
100 |
+
"They may not pay [sheviit proceeds to] a well-digger, an attendant at a public bath, a barber, or a sailor. But he may give them to well-digger so that the well-digger will provide him with drink. To all of them he may give it as a gift.",
|
101 |
+
"Sabbatical figs may not be cut in the muktzeh, but he may cut them in an open place. Grapes may not be trodden in the wine-press, but they may be trodden in a kneading-trough. Olives may not be prepared in an olive-press or in a small olive-press, but he may crush them and bring them into a small olive-press in the field. Rabbi Shimon says: they may even be crushed in the [larger] olive-press, and then he brings them into the smaller press.",
|
102 |
+
"One may not cook sheviit vegetables in oil of terumah lest they become invalidated. But Rabbi Shimon permits it. The last thing exchanged is always subject to the sabbatical law, and the produce itself remains forbidden.",
|
103 |
+
"One might not buy slaves, land, or an unclean beast with sheviit money. If he did buy he must [buy and] eat [food] for their equivalent. One may not bring the bird-offerings of a zav or a zavah, or of a woman after childbirth with sheviit money. If he did bring he must [buy and] eat [food] for their equivalent. One may not anoint vessels with oil of seventh year produce. If he did annoint he must [buy and] eat [food] for their equivalent.",
|
104 |
+
"A hide which they oiled with seventh year oil: Rabbi Eliezer says: it must be burnt; But the sages say: he must [buy and] eat [food] for its equivalent. They said in front of Rabbi Akiba: Rabbi Eliezer used to say, A hide which they smeared with seventh year oil must be burnt. He replied: Silence! I won’t tell you what Rabbi Eliezer actually said in this connection.",
|
105 |
+
"They also said in front of him: Rabbi Eliezer use to say: “Whoever eats bread [baked] by Samaritans is like one who eats the flesh of a pig.” He replied: Silence! I won’t tell you what Rabbi Eliezer actually said in this connection.",
|
106 |
+
"A bath heated with straw or stubble of the seventh year, it is permitted to wash in it. But if he is an important man, he should not wash in it. \n"
|
107 |
+
],
|
108 |
+
[
|
109 |
+
"Rue, goosefoot, purslane, hill coriander, celery, and meadow-berries, are exempt from tithes. And they may be purchased from anyone during the sabbatical year, since such produce is not usually stored. Rabbi Judah says: aftergrowths of mustard are permitted, since transgressors are not suspected concerning them. Rabbi Shimon says: all aftergrowths are permitted, with the exception of the aftergrowths of cabbage, since such cannot be placed within the category of field-vegetables. But the sages say: all aftergrowths are forbidden.",
|
110 |
+
"There are three territories in respect to the law of removal [of sheviit produce]: [these are]: Judea, Transjordan, and Galilee, and there are three territories in each one. Upper Galilee, lower Galilee, and the valley. From Kefar Hananiah upwards, the region where sycamores do not grow, is Upper Galilee. From Kefar Hananiah downwards, where the sycamores do grow, is Lower Galilee. The borders of Tiberias are the valley. Those of Judea are: the mountain region, the plains [of the south], and the valley. The plains of Lod are like the plains of the south, and its mountain region is like the king's hill-country. From Bet Horon to the sea is considered as one land.",
|
111 |
+
"Why did they speak of three territories? So that they may eat in each country until the last of the seventh year produce in that country is ended. Rabbi Shimon says: they have spoken of three countries only in the case of Judea, but all other territories are to be regarded as King’s mountain (Har Hamelekh). And all other territories are the same with regard to the olive and date.",
|
112 |
+
"One may eat by virtue of similar produce regarded as ownerless [still found in the fields], but not when it was stored [and declared ownerless]. Rabbi Yose permits even when it was stored [and then declared ownerless]. One may continue to eat by virtue of the poor grains [that grow between the grass], or by virtue of the trees that yield bi-annually, but one must not eat by virtue of winter-grapes. Rabbi Judah permits provided they began to ripen before the summer [of the seventh year] had ended.",
|
113 |
+
"One who preserved three kinds of vegetables in one jar: Rabbi Eliezer says they may be eaten only so long as the first still remains [in the field]. But Rabbi Joshua says: even so long as the last remains. Rabban Gamaliel says: when the like kind is no longer to be found in the field, the same kind in the jar must be removed, [and the halachah agrees with him.] Rabbi Shimon says: all vegetables are regarded as one [kind] in respect of the law of removal. Purslane may be eaten until there is no more wild purslane in the valley of Bet Netopha.",
|
114 |
+
"If one gathered moist herbs, he may eat them until the sweet [herbs in the field] have dried up. And if he gathered dry [herbs], [he may eat them] until the second rainfall. Leaves of reeds and of leaves of the vine [may be eaten] until they fall from the stems. But if he gathered them dry, they may be eaten until the second rainfall. Rabbi Akiba says: in all these cases, [they may be eaten] until the second rainfall.",
|
115 |
+
"Similarly, if one rents a house to someone “until the rains,” he means until the second rainfall. Or if one had vowed not to derive any benefit from his friend “until the rains” [he is prohibited] until the second rainfall. Until when may the poor enter the orchards? Until the second rainfall. And when may one begin to enjoy or burn the straw and stubble of sabbatical produce? After the second rainfall.",
|
116 |
+
"If one had sabbatical produce [at home] and the time of removal had come, he may give out food for three meals to every one. Rabbi Judah says: the poor may eat from it even after the removal, but not the rich. But Rabbi Yose says: both the poor and the rich may eat after the removal.",
|
117 |
+
"If one had inherited seventh year produce or had received them as a gift: Rabbi Eliezer says: they must be given to anyone who eats them. But the sages say: the sinner must not benefit, rather it should be sold to anyone who eats it, and its price divided among everyone. If one eats dough of seventh year [produce] before the hallah was taken from it, he has incurred thereby the death penalty [at the hands of heaven]."
|
118 |
+
],
|
119 |
+
[
|
120 |
+
"The sabbatical year cancels a debt written in a document or one not written in a document. A debt to a shop is not cancelled, but if it had been converted into the form of a loan, then it is cancelled. Rabbi Judah says: the former debt is always cancelled. A wage-debt to a worker is not cancelled, but if it had been converted into a loan it is cancelled. Rabbi Yose says: the [payment for] any work that must cease with the seventh year, is cancelled, but if it need not cease with the seventh year, then it is not cancelled.",
|
121 |
+
"One who slaughters a cow and divides it up on Rosh Hashanah [at the end of the seventh year]: If the month had been intercalated, [the debt] is remitted. But if it had not been intercalated, it is not remitted. [Fines for] rape, for seduction, for defamation, and all other obligations arising from legal procedure, are not remitted. One who loans and takes a pledge, and one who hands over his debt documents to a court, [these debts] are not remitted.",
|
122 |
+
"[A loan secured by] a prozbul is not cancelled. This was one of the things enacted by Hillel the elder; for when he observed people refraining from lending to one another, and thus transgressing what is written in the Torah, “Beware, lest you harbor the base thought, [‘The seventh year, the year of remission, is approaching,’ so that you are mean to your needy kinsman and give him nothing.” Hillel enacted the prozbul.",
|
123 |
+
"This is the formula of the prozbul: “I turn over to you, so-and-so, judges of such and such a place, that any debt that I may have outstanding, I shall collect it whenever I desire.” And the judges sign below, or the witnesses.",
|
124 |
+
"A pre-dated prozbul is valid, but a post-dated one, is invalid. Pre-dated loan documents [of loans] are invalid, but post-dated one valid. If one borrows from five persons, then he writes a separate prozbul for each [creditor]. But if five borrow from the same person, then he writes only one prozbul for them all.",
|
125 |
+
"A prozbul is written only for [a debt secured by] land. But if [the debtor] has none, then [the creditor] can give him title to a share, however small, of his own field. If he had land in pledge in a city, a prozbul can be written on it. Rabbi Hutzpit says: a prozbul may be written for a man on the security of his wife's property, or for an orphan on the security of property belonging to his guardian.",
|
126 |
+
"A bee-hive:Rabbi Eliezer says: Behold, it is like land and a prozbul may be written [using it as security] and it is not susceptible to uncleanness while it remains in its place, and one who takes honey from it on Shabbat is liable. But the sages say: it is not like land, a prozbul may not be written [using it as security], it is susceptible to uncleanness while in its place, and one who takes honey from it on Shabbat is exempt.",
|
127 |
+
"One who returns a debt [after] the seventh year, the [creditor] must say to [the debtor]: “I remit it.” But [the debtor] should say: “Even so [I will repay it].” [The creditor] may then accept it from him, because it says: “And this is the word of the release” (Deuteronomy 15:2). Similarly, when [an accidental] killer has been exiled to a city of refuge, and the citizens want to honor him, he must say to them: “I am a murderer.” If they say: “Even so, [we want to honor you], then he may accept [the honor] from them, because it says: “And this is the word of the murderer” (Deuteronomy 19:4).",
|
128 |
+
"One who repays his debts after the seventh year, the sages are pleased with him. One who borrows from a convert whose sons had converted with him, the debt need not be repaid to his sons, but if he returns it the sages are pleased with him. All movable property can be acquired [only] by the act of drawing, but whoever fulfills his word, the sages are well pleased with him."
|
129 |
+
]
|
130 |
+
],
|
131 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
132 |
+
"Chapter",
|
133 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
134 |
+
]
|
135 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Sheviit/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
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{
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"language": "en",
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"title": "Mishnah Sheviit",
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"versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001042448/NLI",
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"versionTitle": "Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de]",
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"status": "locked",
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"priority": 0.25,
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"license": "Public Domain",
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"versionNotes": "",
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"digitizedBySefaria": true,
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"shortVersionTitle": "Lazarus Goldschmidt, 1929 ",
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"actualLanguage": "de",
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"languageFamilyName": "german",
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"isBaseText": false,
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"isSource": false,
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"direction": "ltr",
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"heTitle": "משנה שביעית",
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"categories": [
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"Mishnah",
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"Seder Zeraim"
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],
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"text": [
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[
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"<b>W</b>IE <small>LANGE DARF MAN DAS</small> B<small>AUMFELD IM</small> V<small>ORSIEBENTJAHRE PFLÜGEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Ex. 23,11.</i>? D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, SO LANGE DIES FÜR DIE HEURIGE</small> F<small>RUCHT NÜTZLICH IST</small>; <small>DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, BIS ZUM</small> W<small>OCHENFESTE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Vulgo <i>Pfingsten</i>. Die im Talmud gebräuchliche Benennung <span dir=\"rtl\">עצרת</span> (eigentl. <i>Beschlußfest</i> od. Versammlungsfest) wird in der Bibel nur für den letzten Tag des Pesafofestes und des Hüttenfestes gebraucht. Daß dieser Bezeichnung für das Frühlingsfest der Name der Ackerbaugöttin <i>Ceres</i> (a Ceres) zugrunde liegen soll, ist kaum anzunehmen.</i>. D<small>IE</small> W<small>ORTE DIESER UND DIE</small> W<small>ORTE JENER SIND EINANDER NAHE</small>.",
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"II. W<small>ELCHES HEISST</small> B<small>AUMFELD?</small> D<small>AS DREI</small> B<small>ÄUME AUF EINER</small> S<small>EÁFLÄCHE HAT; WENN SIE GEEIGNET SIND, EINEN</small> F<small>EIGENKUCHEN VON SECHZIG ITALISCHEN</small> M<small>INEN HERVORZUBRINGEN, SO PFLÜGE MAN IHRETWEGEN DIE GANZE</small> S<small>EÁFLÄCHE, WENN ABER WENIGER ALS DIES, SO PFLÜGE MAN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Um die Bäume.</i> <small>IHRETWEGEN NUR DEN</small> R<small>AUM, DEN DER</small> P<small>FLÜCKENDE MIT SEINEM</small> K<small>ORBE, WENN ER IHN NACH AUSSEN HÄLT, EINNIMMT</small>.",
|
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"III. S<small>OWOHL EIN LEERER</small> B<small>AUM, WIE AUCH EIN</small> B<small>AUM ESSBARER</small> F<small>RÜCHTE WIRD WIE EIN</small> F<small>EIGENBAUM BETRACHTET: SIND SIE GEEIGNET, EINEN</small> F<small>EIGEN-KUCHEN VON SECHZIG ITALISCHEN</small> M<small>INEN HERVORZUBRINGEN, SO PFLÜGE MAN IHRETWEGEN DIE GANZE</small> S<small>EÁFLÄCHE, WENN ABER WENIGER ALS DIES, SO PFLÜGE MAN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Um die Bäume.</i> <small>NUR IHREN</small> B<small>EDARF</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wie oben Mišna 2.</i>.",
|
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"IV. I<small>ST EINER GEEIGNET, EINEN</small> [<small>SOLCHEN</small>] F<small>EIGENKUCHEN HERVORZUBRINGEN, UND DIE ZWEI NICHT, ODER SIND ZWEI GEEIGNET UND EINER NICHT, SO PFLÜGE MAN NUR IHREN</small> B<small>EDARF; DIES, WENN DREI BIS NEUN VORHANDEN SIND</small>. S<small>IND ZEHN ODER MEHR ALS ZEHN VORHANDEN, SO PFLÜGE MAN IHRETWEGEN DIE GANZE</small> S<small>EÁFLÄCHE, EINERLEI OB SIE DIES HERVORBRINGEN ODER NICHT</small>. E<small>S HEISST</small>: <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ex. 34,21. Dieser Vers wird als Beleg für den ersten Satz der Mišna angezogen.</i><i>beim Pflügen und Ernten sollst du feiern</i>, <small>UND DA DIES BEZÜGLICH DES</small> P<small>FLÜGENS UND</small> E<small>RNTENS IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE NICHT NÖTIG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Da dies auch an anderer Stelle (Lev. 25,4) geboten wird.</i> <small>IST, SO BEZIEHE MAN ES AUF DAS</small> P<small>FLÜGEN IM</small> V<small>ORSIEBENTJAHRE FÜR DAS</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHR UND AUF DIE</small> E<small>RNTE DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES IM</small> N<small>ACHSIEBENTJAHRE</small>. R. J<small>IŠMA͑ÉL ERKLÄRTE</small>: W<small>IE DAS</small> P<small>FLÜGEN</small> F<small>REIGESTELLTES IST, SO AUCH DAS</small> E<small>RNTEN, WENN</small> F<small>REIGESTELLTES, AUSGENOMMEN DAS</small> E<small>RNTEN DER</small> E<small>RSTLINGSGARBE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Lev. 23,10ff.; der angezogene Vers spricht überhaupt von der Šabbathfeier und weist darauf hin, daß man der Erstlingsgarbe wegen den Šabbath entweihen darf.</i>.",
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"V. D<small>REI</small> B<small>ÄUME DREIER</small> E<small>IGENTÜMER WERDEN VEREINIGT, UND MAN PFLÜGE IHRETWEGEN DIE GANZE</small> S<small>EÁFLÄCHE</small>. W<small>IEVIEL</small> [R<small>AUM</small>] <small>MUSS ZWISCHEN IHNEN SEIN?</small> R. G<small>AMLIÉL SAGT, DASS DAS</small> R<small>IND MIT SEINEM</small> G<small>ESPANNE DURCHGEHEN KANN</small>.",
|
29 |
+
"VI. S<small>IND ZEHN</small> S<small>ETZLINGE AUF EINER</small> S<small>EÁFLÄCHE ZERSTREUT VORHANDEN, SO PFLÜGE MAN IHRETWEGEN DIE GANZE</small> S<small>EÁFLÄCHE BIS</small> N<small>EUJAHR</small>. S<small>IND SIE IN EINER GERADEN</small> R<small>EIHE ODER IN EINEM</small> H<small>ALBKREISE ANEINANDER GEREIHT, SO PFLÜGE MAN NUR IHREN</small> B<small>EDARF</small>.",
|
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+
"VII. S<small>ETZLINGE UND</small> K<small>ÜRBISSE AUF EINER</small> S<small>EÁFLÄCHE WERDEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn sie zusammen 10 sind.</i> <small>VEREINIGT</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N B</small>. G<small>AMLIÉL SAGT, SIND ZEHN</small> K<small>ÜRBISSE AUF EINER</small> S<small>EÁFLÄCHE VOR HANDEN, SO PFLÜGE MAN DIE GANZE</small> S<small>EÁFLÄCHE BIS ZUM</small> N<small>EUJAHRSFESTE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Sie gleichen den Setzlingen.</i>.",
|
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"VIII. W<small>IE LANGE HEISSEN SIE</small> S<small>ETZLINGE?</small> R. E<small>LEA͑ZAR B</small>. A͑<small>ZARJA SAGT, BIS SIE AUSGEWEIHT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Im 4. bezw. 5. Jahre; cf. Lev. 19,23 ff.</i><small>SIND</small>; R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, SIEBEN</small> J<small>AHRE</small>; R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGT</small>, S<small>ETZLING, WIE DIES DER</small> N<small>AME</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ein Jahr.</i><small>BESAGT</small>. W<small>ENN EIN</small> B<small>AUM ABGESCHNITTEN WURDE UND</small> [<small>DER</small> S<small>TUMPF</small>] NEUE S<small>CHÖSSLINGE HERVORBRINGT, SO WERDEN SIE, WENN ER NIEDRIGER ALS EINE</small> H<small>ANDBREITE IST, ALS</small> S<small>CHÖSSLINGE, UND WENN ER HÖHER IST, ALS</small> B<small>AUM BETRACHTET</small> — <small>SO</small> R. Š<small>IMO͑N</small>."
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+
],
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+
[
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"<b>B</b>IS <small>WIE LANGE DARF MAN DAS</small> G<small>ETREIDEFELD</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ebenso Hülsenfrüchte; wörtl. weißes Feld, dh. das nicht von Bäumen beschattet ist.</i> <small>IM</small> V<small>ORSIEBENTJAHRE PFLÜGEN?</small> B<small>IS DIE</small> F<small>EUCHTIGKEIT</small> [<small>DES</small> B<small>ODENS</small>] <small>AUFHÖRT, SOLANGE</small> L<small>EUTE NOCH PFLÜGEN, UM</small> G<small>URKEN UND</small> K<small>ÜRBISSE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die feuchten Boden erfordern.</i> <small>ZU PFLANZEN</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N SPRACH</small>: D<small>U HAST ALSO JEDEM SEIN</small> G<small>ESETZ IN DIE</small> H<small>AND GEGEBEN</small>! V<small>IELMEHR DAS</small> G<small>ETREIDEFELD BIS ZUM</small> P<small>ESAḤFESTE, DAS</small> B<small>AUMFELD BIS ZUM</small> W<small>OCHENFESTE</small>.",
|
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"II. G<small>URKEN- UND</small> K<small>ÜRBIS</small> [<small>FELDER</small>] <small>DARF MAN BIS</small> N<small>EUJAHR DÜNGEN UND UMGRABEN; EBENSO DAS KÜNSTLICH BEWÄSSERTE</small> F<small>ELD</small>. M<small>AN DARF BIS</small> N<small>EUJAHR</small> M<small>ASERBILDUNGEN AUSSCHEIDEN, DIE</small> B<small>LÄTTER ENTFERNEN, DIE</small> W<small>URZEL MIT</small> E<small>RDE BEDECKEN UND</small> [<small>DIE</small> B<small>ÄUME</small>] <small>BERÄUCHERN</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGT, MAN DÜRFE AUCH IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE DIE</small> [<small>WELKEN</small>] B<small>LÄTTER VON DER</small> T<small>RAUBE ENTFERNEN</small>.",
|
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"III. M<small>AN DARF BIS</small> N<small>EUJAHR</small> [<small>DAS</small> F<small>ELD</small>] <small>ENTSTEINIGEN; EBENSO DARF MAN BIS</small> N<small>EUJAHR</small> [<small>DIE</small> B<small>ÄUME</small>] A<small>USSCHNEIDEN, BESCHNEIDEN UND ABKRATZEN</small>. R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, WIE</small> [<small>LANGE</small>] <small>DAS</small> B<small>ESCHNEIDEN UND</small> A<small>BKRATZEN DES FÜNFTEN</small> J<small>AHRES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Sc. in das folgende Jahr hineinragt.</i>, <small>EBENSO DAS DES SECHSTEN</small> J<small>AHRES</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGTE</small>: S<small>O LANGE ICH DEN</small> B<small>AUM BEARBEITEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Den Boden pflügen; ob. I,1.</i> <small>DARF, DARF ICH IHN AUCH PFLEGEN</small>.",
|
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"IV. M<small>AN DARF DIE</small> S<small>ETZLINGE BIS</small> N<small>EUJAHR MIT</small> M<small>IST BESTREICHEN, UM WICKELN, ABSTUTZEN, MIT</small> S<small>CHUTZHÜTTEN VERSEHEN UND BEGIESSEN</small>. R. E<small>LEA͑ZAR B</small>. R. Ç<small>ADOQ SAGT, MAN DÜRFE IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE DEN</small> W<small>IPFEL BEGIESSEN, NICHT ABER DEN STAMM</small>.",
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"V. M<small>AN DARF DIE JUNGEN</small> F<small>EIGEN BIS</small> N<small>EUJAHR MIT</small> Ö<small>L BESTREICHEN UND DURCHLÖCHERN</small>. J<small>ÜNGE</small> F<small>EIGEN AUS DEM</small> V<small>ORSIEBENTJAHRE, DIE BIS IN DAS</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHR HINEIN, ODER DIE AUS DEM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE, DIE BIS IN DAS</small> N<small>ACHSIEBENTJAHR HINEIN STEHEN GEBLIEBEN SIND, DARF MAN WEDER MIT</small> Ö<small>L BESTREICHEN NOCH DURCHLÖCHERN</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, IN</small> O<small>RTEN, WO ES ÜBLICH IST, SIE ZU BESTREICHEN, DÜRFE MAN SIE NICHT BESTREICHEN, WEIL DIES ZUR</small> B<small>EARBEITUNG GEHÖRT; IN</small> O<small>RTEN, WO ES NICHT ÜBLICH IST, SIE ZU BESTREICHEN, DÜRFE MAN SIE WOHL BESTREICHEN</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N ERLAUBT</small> [<small>DIE</small> A<small>RBEIT</small>] <small>AM</small> B<small>AUME</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Der noch Früchte vom Siebentjahre trägt.</i> <small>SELBST, WEIL DANN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Im Nachsiebentjahre.</i> <small>DIE</small> B<small>EARBEITUNG DES</small> B<small>AUMES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Des zu diesem gehörigen Bodens.</i> <small>ERLAUBT IST</small>.",
|
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"VI. W<small>ENIGER ALS DREISSIG</small> T<small>AGE VOR</small> N<small>EUJAHR DARF MAN IM</small> V<small>ORSIEBENTJAHRE NICHT MEHR PFLANZEN, NOCH SENKEN, NOCH PFROPFEN; HAT MAN GEPFLANZT, GESENKT ODER GEPFROPFT, SO REISSE MAN ES AUS</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, WAS DREI</small> T<small>AGE NACH DEM</small> P<small>FROPFEN NICHT KEIMT, KEIME NICHT MEHR</small>. R. J<small>OSE UND</small> R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGEN, IN ZWEI</small> W<small>OCHEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Zur Erklärung dieser Mišna cf. Rh. 10b u. Jab. 83a.</i>.",
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"VII. R<small>EIS</small>, H<small>IRSE</small>, M<small>OHN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">So nach der Bezeichnung mehrerer Kommentare.</i> <small>UND</small> S<small>ESAM, DIE VOR</small> N<small>EUJAHR</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\">In einem gewöhnlichen Jahre.</i><small>GEWURZELT HA BEN, WERDEN ALS VORJÄHRIGE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE VERZEHNTET</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Im 1., 2., 4. u. 5. Jahre wird außer dem 1. Zehnten der zweite Zehnt, im 3. u. 6. der Armenzehnt entrichtet.</i><small>UND SIND IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE ERLAUBT; WENN ABER NICHT, SO SIND SIE IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE VERBOTEN UND WERDEN ALS DIESJÄHRIGE FRÜCHTE VERZEHNTET</small>.",
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"VIII. R. Š<small>IMO͑N</small> Š<small>EZORI SAGT, DIE AEGYPTISCHE</small> B<small>OHNE, DIE MAN VON VORNHEREIN ZUR</small> A<small>USSAAT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nicht zum Essen.</i><small>GESAET HAT, GLEICHE HIERIN JENEN</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGT, AUCH DIE GROSSEN</small> B<small>OHNEN GLEICHEN HIERIN JENEN</small>. R. E<small>LEA͑ZAR SAGT, DIE GROSSEN</small> B<small>OHNEN NUR DANN, WENN SIE VOR</small> N<small>EUJAHR</small> H<small>ÜLSEN SIND</small>.",
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"IX. Z<small>WIEBELN</small>, S<small>CHALOTTEN UND AEGYPTISCHE</small> B<small>OHNEN WERDEN, WENN MAN SIE DREISSIG</small> T<small>AGE VOR</small> N<small>EUJAHR NICHT BEWÄSSERT HAT, ALS VORJÄHRIGE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE VERZEHNTET UND SIND IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE ERLAUBT, SONST ABER SIND SIE IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE VERBOTEN UND WERDEN ALS DIESJÄHRIGE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE VERZEHNTET</small>. D<small>ESGLEICHEN DAS NATÜRLICH BEWÄSSERTE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Das man nur wenig und zu bestimmten Zeiten zu bewässern pflegt.</i>F<small>ELD, BEI DEM MAN ZWEI</small> B<small>EWÄSSERUNGEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Im Siebentjahre bezw. im Jahre vorher.</i><small>UNTERLASSEN HAT — SO</small> R. M<small>EÍR; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, DREI</small>.",
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"X. K<small>ÜRBISSE, DIE MAN ZUR</small> A<small>USSAAT LÄSST, DARF MAN IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE AUFBEWAHREN, FALLS SIE NOCH VOR</small> N<small>EUJAHR HART UND FÜR</small> M<small>ENSCHEN UNGENIESSBAR GEWORDEN SIND, SONST ABER DARF MAN SIE IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE NICHT AUFBEWAHREN</small>. D<small>IE</small> K<small>NOSPEN DERSELBEN SIND IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE VERBOTEN</small>. M<small>AN DARF</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Im Siebentjahre bezw. im Jahre vorher.</i><small>DEN WEISSEN</small> B<small>ODEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dh. wo keine Bäume sind (cf.Anm.1).</i><small>BESPRENGEN — SO</small> R. Š<small>IMO͑N</small>; R. E<small>LIE͑ZER B</small>. J<small>A͑QOB VERBIETET DIES</small>. M<small>AN DARF IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE</small> R<small>EIS</small>[<small>FELDER</small>] <small>BEWÄSSERN</small>; R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGTE</small>: J<small>EDOCH DARF MAN SIE NICHT ENTBLÄTTERN</small>."
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],
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[
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"<b>V</b>ON <small>WANN AN DARF MAN</small> [<small>IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE</small>] <small>DEN</small> D<small>UNG NACH DEN</small> D<small>UNGHAUFEN BRINGEN?</small> S<small>OBALD DIE</small> Ü<small>BERTRETER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die im S. die Landwirtschaft nicht einstellen.</i> [<small>DIE</small> L<small>ANDARBEIT</small>] <small>EINGESTELLT HABEN — SO</small> R. M<small>EÍR</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, SOBALD DAS</small> S<small>ÜSSE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die Bedeutung des Wortes ‘Süßes’ ist unklar; Jerusalmi (Seb. III,1) erklärt: <span dir=\"rtl\">פקועה דבקעתא</span> <i>Feldspalte</i> oder <i>Feldschwämme</i>; nach den Kommentaren ist darunter entweder Name einer Pflanze, Koloquinte, also euphem. für ‘bitter’, od. der Dung, ‘der die Früchte süß macht’, bezw. die Feuchtigkeit der Erde, zu verstehen.</i><small>EINTROCKNET</small>; R. J<small>OSE SAGT, SOBALD ER BINDET</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Unklar; nach manchen Kommentaren: sobald der Dung in Knoten [Knollen] zusammentrocknet.</i>.",
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"II. W<small>IEVIEL</small> D<small>UNG DARF MAN DÜNGEN</small>? B<small>IS ZU DREI</small> H<small>AUFEN VON JE ZEHN</small> K<small>ÖRBEN ZU EINEM</small> L<small>ETEKH</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Getreidemaß, 15 Seá.</i><small>AUF DIE</small> S<small>EÁFLÄCHE</small>. M<small>AN DARF DIE</small> Z<small>AHL DER</small> K<small>ÖRBE VERMEHREN, NICHT ABER DIE DER</small> H<small>AUFEN</small>; R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGT, AUCH DIE DER</small> H<small>AUFEN</small>.",
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"III. M<small>AN BRINGE AUF DAS</small> F<small>ELD DREI</small> H<small>AUFEN</small> D<small>UNG AUF DIE</small> S<small>EÁFLÄCHE; WENN MEHR, SO LEGE MAN SIE IN EINEN</small> K<small>REIS — SO</small> R. Š<small>IMO͑N; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN VERBIETEN DIES, ES SEI DENN, DASS MAN SIE DREI</small> [H<small>ANDBREITEN</small>] <small>TIEFER ODER HÖHER LEGT</small>. M<small>AN DARF DEN</small> D<small>UNG AUCH IN EINEM</small> H<small>AUFEN SAMMELN</small>; R. M<small>EÍR VERBIETET DIES, ES SEI DENN, DASS MAN IHN DREI</small> [H<small>ANDBREITEN</small>] <small>TIEFER ODER DREI HÖHER LEGT</small>. H<small>AT MAN NUR WENIG, SO FÜGE MAN NACH UND NACH HINZU</small>; R. E<small>LEA͑ZAR B</small>. A͑<small>ZARJA VERBIETET DIES, ES SEI DENN, DASS MAN IHN DREI</small> [H<small>ANDBREITEN</small>] <small>TIEFER ODER DREI HÖHER LEGT, ODER DASS MAN IHN AUF EINEN</small> F<small>ELSEN LEGT</small>.",
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"IV. W<small>ER SEIN</small> F<small>ELD PFERCHEN WILL, MACHE EINE</small> H<small>ÜRDE AUF EINER</small> Z<small>WEISEÁFLÄCHE; DANN REISSE ER</small> [<small>DIE</small> W<small>ÄNDE</small>] <small>AN DREI</small> S<small>EITEN NIEDER UND LASSE DIE MITTLERE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dh. er baue dann drei Wände auf der anderen Seite der stehengebliebenen Wand, sodaß die Wand sich in der Mitte befindet.</i> <small>STEHEN; SO KANN ER EINE</small> V<small>IERSEÁFLÄCHE PFERCHEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Zwei Seáflächen auf jeder Seite, ohne daß dies auffällt.</i>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N B</small>. G<small>AMLIÉL SAGT, EINE</small> A<small>CHTSEÁFLÄCHE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">In gleicher Weise an allen vier Seiten.</i>. H<small>AT DAS GANZE</small> F<small>ELD NUR EINE</small> V<small>IERSEÁFLÄCHE, SO LASSE MAN DES</small> A<small>NSCHEINS WEGEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Als dünge man das Feld.</i> <small>EIN</small> S<small>TÜCK FREI</small>. A<small>US DER</small> P<small>FERCHE FÜHRE MAN</small> [<small>DEN</small> D<small>UNG</small>] <small>AUF DAS</small> F<small>ELD, NACH DER</small> V<small>ORSCHRIFT ÜBER DAS</small> D<small>ÜNGEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ob. Mišna 2.</i>.",
|
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"V. M<small>AN DARF KEINEN</small> S<small>TEINBRUCH IN SEINEM</small> F<small>ELDE ERÖFFNEN, FALLS DA VON FRÜHER HER KEINE DREI</small> S<small>TEINHAUFEN, VON JE DREI</small> [E<small>LLEN</small>] L<small>ÄNGE, DREI</small> B<small>REITE UND DREI</small> H<small>ÖHE, DAS SIND SIEBENUNDZWANZIG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Jeder Stein 1 Elle im Quadrat. Man könnte sonst vermuten, man beabsichtige, das Feld zu entsteinigen.</i>S<small>TEINE, WAREN</small>.",
|
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"VI. W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>TEINWAND ZEHN</small> S<small>TEINE HAT, VON DENEN JEDER EINE</small> L<small>AST FÜR ZWEI</small> [M<small>ENSCHEN</small>] <small>BILDET, SO DÜRFEN</small> [<small>ALLE</small>] <small>FORTGENOMMEN WERDEN; DAS</small> M<small>ASS EINER SOLCHEN</small> S<small>TEINWAND BETRÄGT ZEHN</small> H<small>ANDBREITEN</small>. S<small>IND ES WENIGER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Als 10 Steine od. 10 Handbreiten Höhe.</i>, <small>SO GILT SIE ALS</small> S<small>TEINBRUCH UND MAN DARF SIE BIS AUF WENIG STENS EINE</small> H<small>ANDBREITE ÜBER DER</small> E<small>RDE NIEDERREISSEN</small>. D<small>IESE</small> W<small>ORTE GEL TEN NUR VON SEINEM EIGENEN</small> [F<small>ELDE</small>], <small>AUS DEM SEINES</small> N<small>ÄCHSTEN ABER NEHME MAN, WIEVIEL MAN WILL</small>. A<small>UCH GELTEN DIESE</small> W<small>ORTE NUR DANN, WENN MAN IM</small> V<small>ORSIEBENTJAHRE NOCH NICHT ANGEFANGEN HAT, HAT MAN ABER BEREITS IM</small> V<small>ORSIEBENTJAHRE ANGEFANGEN, SO NEHME MAN, WIEVIEL MAN WILL</small>.",
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"VII. S<small>TEINE, DIE DER</small> P<small>FLUG AUFGEWÜHLT HAT, ODER DIE VERDECKT WA REN UND BLOSSGELEGT WURDEN, DÜRFEN FORTGEBRACHT WERDEN, FALLS UNTER IHNEN ZWEI SIND, VON DENEN JEDER EINE</small> L<small>AST FÜR ZWEI</small> [M<small>ENSCHEN</small>] <small>BILDET</small>. W<small>ER SEIN</small> F<small>ELD ENTSTEINIGEN WILL, NEHME DIE OBEREN FORT UND LASSE DIE DEN BODEN BERÜHRENDEN ZURÜCK</small>. D<small>ASSELBE GILT AUCH VON EINER</small> K<small>IESELHALDE ODER EINEM</small> S<small>TEINHAUFEN: MAN NEHME DIE OBEREN FORT UND LASSE DIE DEN</small> B<small>ODEN BERÜHRENDEN ZURÜCK</small>. W<small>ENN DARUNTER EIN</small> F<small>ELS ODER</small> S<small>TROH SICH BEFINDET, SO DÜRFEN SIE GANZ FORTGENOMMEN WERDEN</small>.",
|
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"VIII. M<small>AN DARF IM</small> V<small>ORSIEBENTJAHRE, SOBALD DER</small> R<small>EGEN AUFGEHÖRT HAT KEINE</small> T<small>REPPEN ZU DEN</small> W<small>ASSERTÄLERN MEHR ERRICHTEN, WEIL MAN SIE FÜR DAS</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHR HERRICHTET; MAN DARF SIE ABER IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE, SOBALD DER</small> R<small>EGEN AUFGEHÖRT HAT, ERRICHTEN, WEIL MAN SIE FÜR DAS</small> N<small>ACHSIEBENT-JAHR HERRICHTET; JEDOCH DARF MAN SIE NICHT MIT</small> S<small>CHUTT AUSFÜLLEN, SONDERN MACHE NUR EINE SCHUTZWAND</small>. J<small>EDEN</small> S<small>TEIN, DEN MAN BEIM</small> A<small>USSTREKKEN DER</small> H<small>AND ERLANGEN KANN, DARF MAN ENTFERNEN</small>.",
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+
"IX. S<small>CHULTERSTEINE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Da ersichtlich, daß man sie als Baumaterial braucht.</i><small>DÜRFEN AUS JEDER</small> S<small>TELLE GENOMMEN WERDEN; EIN</small> B<small>AUUNTERNEHMER DARF VON JEDEM</small> O<small>RTE NEHMEN</small>. S<small>CHULTERSTEINE HEISSEN SOLCHE, DIE NICHT MIT DER</small> H<small>AND AUFGENOMMEN WERDEN KÖNNEN — SO</small> R. M<small>EÍR</small>; R. J<small>OSE SAGT</small>, S<small>CHULTERSTEINE, WIE DIES DER</small> N<small>AME BESAGT: DIE MAN JE ZWEI ODER DREI AUF DIE</small> S<small>CHULTER NIMMT</small>.",
|
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"X. W<small>ENN JEMAND EINE</small> S<small>TEIN WAND ZWISCHEN SEINEM</small> [G<small>RUNDSTÜCKE</small>] <small>UND ÖFFENTLICHEM</small> G<small>EBIETE BAUEN WILL, SO DARF ER BIS IN DEN</small> F<small>ELSEN GRABEN</small>. W<small>AS MACHE ER MIT DER</small> E<small>RDE?</small> E<small>R SCHÜTTE SIE AUF DAS ÖFFENTLICHE</small> G<small>EBIET UND RICHTE ES WIEDER HER — SO</small> R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑</small>; R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGTE</small>: W<small>IE MAN ÖFFENTLICHES</small> G<small>EBIET NICHT BESCHÄDIGEN DARF, SO DARF MAN ES AUCH NICHT HERRICHTEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dh. beschädigen u. nachher herrichten.</i>. W<small>AS MACHE ER VIELMEHR MIT DER ERDE?</small> E<small>R HÄUFE SIE AUF SEINEM</small> F<small>ELDE NACH DER</small> V<small>ORSCHRIFT ÜBER DAS</small> D<small>ÜNGEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Oben Mišna 2.</i><small>ZUSAMMEN</small>. D<small>ESGLEICHEN AUCH, WENN JEMAND EINE GRUBE, EINEN</small> G<small>RABEN ODER EINE</small> H<small>ÖHLE GRÄBT</small>."
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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"<b>A</b>NFANGS <small>SAGTEN SIE, MAN DÜRFE</small> H<small>OLZ</small>, S<small>TEINE UND</small> G<small>RÄSER, WENN MAN DIE GRÖSSEREN HERAUSSUCHT, AUS DEM EIGENEN</small> [F<small>ELDE</small>] <small>SAMMELN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Obgleich es den Anschein hat, als beabsichtige man, das Feld zu reinigen.</i>, <small>WIE MAN DIES AUS DEM</small> F<small>ELDE SEINES</small> N<small>ACHBARS DARF; ALS ABER DIE</small> Ü<small>BERTRETER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die, unter Vorgabe, die Großen zu sammeln, das Feld ohne Rücksicht zu reinigen pflegten.</i><small>SICH MEHRTEN, ORDNETE MAN AN, DASS NUR DIESER AUS DEM</small> F<small>ELDE VON JENEM UND JENER AUS DEM</small> F<small>ELDE VON DIESEM OHNE</small> G<small>EGENLEISTUNG SAMMELN DARF; SELBSTVERSTÄNDLICH DARF MAN DAFÜR KEINE</small> B<small>EKÖSTIGUNG AUSSETZEN</small>.",
|
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"II. E<small>IN</small> F<small>ELD, WELCHES</small> [<small>IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE</small>] <small>ENTDORNT WURDE, DARF IM</small> N<small>ACHSIEBENTJAHRE BEBAUT WERDEN; DAS BESTELLT ODER GEPFERCHT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ohne die in III,4 erwähnte Vorschrift zu berücksichtigen.</i> <small>WURDE, DARF IM</small> N<small>ACHSIEBENTJAHRE NICHT BEBAUT WERDEN</small>. D<small>IE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE VON EINEM IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE BESTELLTEN</small> F<small>ELDE DARF MAN, WIE DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, NICHT ESSEN, UND WIE DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, WOHL ESSEN</small>. D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, MAN DÜRFE DIE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES NICHT GEGEN</small> D<small>ANK ESSEN, DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, MAN DÜRFE SIE GEGEN</small> D<small>ANK UND OHNE</small> D<small>ANK ESSEN</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGTE:</small> U<small>MGEKEHRT SIND IHRE</small> A<small>NSICHTEN; DIES GEHÖRT ZU DEN</small> E<small>RLEICHTERUNGEN DER</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS UND</small> E<small>RSCHWERUNGEN DER</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS</small>.",
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"III. M<small>AN DARF EIN IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE GEPFLÜGTES</small> F<small>ELD VON EINEM</small> N<small>ICHTJUDEN PACHTEN, NICHT ABER VON EINEM</small> J<small>ISRAÉLITEN</small>. M<small>AN DARF IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE</small> N<small>ICHTJUDEN</small> [<small>BEI DER</small> A<small>RBEIT</small>] <small>ERMUTIGEN, NICHT ABER EINEN</small> J<small>ISRAÉLITEN; DESGLEICHEN BEGRÜSSE MAN SIE DES</small> F<small>RIEDENS WEGEN</small>.",
|
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"IV. W<small>ER</small> O<small>LIVENBÄUME LICHTEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Damit die übrigen besser wachsen.</i> <small>WILL, DARF SIE, WIE DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, NUR FÄLLEN, UND WIE DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, AUCH ENTWURZELN; DIESE PFLICHTET ABER BEI, DASS, WENN MAN</small> [<small>DEN</small> B<small>ODEN</small>] <small>GLÄTTET</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">An einer Stelle mehrere Bäume entfernt u. den Boden freilegt.</i>, <small>MAN SIE NUR FÄLLEN DARF</small>. L<small>ICHTEN HEISST: EINEN ODER ZWEI, GLÄTTEN HEISST: DREI NEBENEINANDERSTEHENDE</small> [B<small>ÄUME ENTFERNEN</small>]. D<small>IESE</small> W<small>ORTE GELTEN NUR VON EINEM EIGENEN</small> [F<small>ELDE</small>], <small>AUF EINEM FREMDEN ABER DARF MAN SIE AUCH BEIM</small> G<small>LÄTTEN ENTWURZELN</small>.",
|
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"V. W<small>ER VON EINEM</small> O<small>LIVENBAUME</small> H<small>OLZ ABSPALTET, BEDECKE</small> [<small>DIE</small> W<small>UNDFLÄCHE</small>] <small>NICHT MIT</small> E<small>RDE, WOHL ABER DARF ER SIE MIT</small> S<small>TEINEN ODER</small> S<small>TROH BEDECKEN</small>. W<small>ER</small> S<small>YKOMORENSTÄMME ABSCHNEIDET, BEDECKE</small> [<small>DIE</small> S<small>CHNITTFLÄCHE</small>] <small>NICHT MIT</small> E<small>RDE, WOHL ABER DARF ER SIE MIT</small> S<small>TEINEN ODER</small> S<small>TROH BEDECKEN</small>. M<small>AN DARF DIE JUNGFRÄULICHE</small> S<small>YKOMORE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die noch nie geschnitten worden ist.</i> <small>IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE NICHT ABSCHNEIDEN, WEIL DIES EINE</small> B<small>EARBEITUNG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Sie wächst dann besser.</i> <small>IST</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, IN GEWÖHNLICHER</small> W<small>EISE SEI ES VERBOTEN, VIELMEHR SCHNEIDE MAN OBERHALB ZEHN</small> H<small>ANDBREITEN ODER DICHT AN DER</small> E<small>RDE</small>.",
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"VI. W<small>ER</small> W<small>EINSTÖCKE BESTUTZT ODER</small> S<small>TRÄUCHER BESCHNEIDET, TUE DIES, WIE</small> R. J<small>OSE</small> G<small>ALILÄER SAGT, EINE</small> H<small>ANDBREITE VON</small> [<small>DER</small> E<small>RDE]</small>; R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGT, ER BEHAUE WIE GEWÖHNLICH, MIT EINER</small> A<small>XT, MIT EINER</small> S<small>ICHEL ODER MIT EINER</small> S<small>ÄGE, SOWIE MIT JEDEM BELIEBIGEN</small> G<small>EGENSTANDE</small>. W<small>ENN EIN</small> B<small>AUM SICH SPALTET, SO DARF MAN IHN IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE VERBINDEN, NICHT DAMIT ER ZUSAMMENWACHSE, SONDERN DAMIT ER SICH NICHT WEITER</small>[<small>SPALTE</small>].",
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"VII. V<small>ON WANN AN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach dem Wortlaute der Schrift dürfen Früchte des Siebentjahres erst nach ihrer Reife gegessen werden.</i> <small>DARF MAN</small> B<small>AUMFRÜCHTE DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES ESSEN?</small> J<small>UNGE</small> F<small>EIGEN DARF MAN, SOBALD SIE RÖTLICH WERDEN, AUF DEM</small> F<small>ELDE ZUM</small> B<small>ROTE ESSEN; SIND SIE REIF, SO DARF MAN SIE NACH</small> H<small>AUSE BRINGEN; EBENSO</small> [<small>ANDERE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE</small>] <small>IHRESGLEICHEN</small>. I<small>N JEDEM ANDEREN</small> J<small>AHRE DES</small> S<small>EPTENNIUMS WERDEN SIE DANN ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>.",
|
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"VIII. J<small>UNGE</small> W<small>EINBEEREN DARF MAN, SOBALD SIE</small> F<small>LÜSSIGKEIT HABEN, AUF DEM</small> F<small>ELDE ZUM</small> B<small>ROTE ESSEN; SIND SIE REIF, SO DARF MAN SIE NACH</small> H<small>AUSE BRINGEN; EBENSO</small> [<small>ANDERE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE</small>] <small>IHRESGLEICHEN</small>. I<small>N JEDEM ANDEREN</small> J<small>AHRE DES</small> S<small>EPTENNIUMS WERDEN SIE DANN ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>.",
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"IX. O<small>LIVEN DARF MAN, SOBALD EINE</small> S<small>EÁ EIN</small> V<small>IERTELLOG</small> [Ö<small>L</small>] <small>GIBT, AUF DEM</small> F<small>ELDE AUFSPALTEN UND ESSEN; BRINGEN SIE EIN HALBES</small> L<small>OG, SO DARF MAN SIE AUF DEM</small> F<small>ELDE ZERDRÜCKEN UND SICH DAMIT SCHMIEREN; HABEN SIE EIN</small> D<small>RITTEL</small> [<small>DER</small> R<small>EDTE</small>] E<small>RLANGT, SO DARF MAN SIE AUF DEM</small> F<small>ELDE ZER DRÜCKEN UND NACH</small> H<small>AUSE BRINGEN; EBENSO</small> [<small>ANDERE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE</small>] <small>IHRESGLEICHEN</small>. I<small>N JEDEM ANDEREN</small> J<small>AHRE DES</small> S<small>EPTENNIUMS WERDEN SIE DANN ZEHNTPFLICHTIG</small>. B<small>EI ALLEN ANDEREN</small> B<small>AUMFRÜCHTEN BEGINNT DIE</small> Z<small>EIT DES</small> S<small>IE BENTJAHRES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dh. die Reife zum Essen.</i>, <small>WIE SONST DIE</small> Z<small>EIT DER</small> V<small>ERZEHNTUNG</small>.",
|
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"X. V<small>ON WANN AN DARF MAN IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE</small> F<small>RUCHTBÄUME NICHT MEHR ABHAUEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Weil die Früchte zum Essen erhalten bleiben müssen.</i>? D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, KEINEN</small> B<small>AUM, SOBALD ER AUSSCHLÄGT; DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, DEN</small> J<small>OHANNISBROTBAUM, SOBALD ER KETTENARTIG HERUNTERHÄNGT</small>, W<small>EINSTÖCKE, SOBALD SIE</small> B<small>EEREN HABEN</small>, O<small>LIVEN, SOBALD SIE BLÜHEN, JEDEN ANDEREN</small> B<small>AUM, SOBALD ER AUSSCHLÄGT</small>. J<small>EDEN</small> B<small>AUM DARF MAN ABHAUEN, SOBALD ER DEN</small> Z<small>USTAND DER</small> V<small>ERZEHNTUNG ERREICHT HAT</small>. W<small>LEVIEL MUSS DER</small> O<small>LIVENBAUM NOCH TRAGEN, UM IHN NICHT ABHAUEN ZU DÜRFEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Gf. Dt. 20,19.</i>? E<small>IN</small> V<small>IERTELKAB</small>; R. Š<small>IMO͑N B</small>. G<small>AMLIÉL SAGT, GANZ NACH</small> V<small>ERHÄLTNIS DES</small> O<small>LIVENBAUMES</small>."
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],
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[
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"<b>B</b>EI <small>DEN WEISSEN</small> F<small>EIGEN HAT DAS</small> G<small>ESETZ VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE IM ZWEITEN</small> J<small>AHRE STATT, WEIL SIE NACH DREI</small> J<small>AHREN TRAGEN</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT</small>, B<small>EI DEN PERSISCHEN</small> F<small>EIGEN HAT DAS</small> G<small>ESETZ VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE IM</small> N<small>ACHSIEBENTJAHRE STATT, DA SIE NACH ZWE</small>I J<small>AHREN TRAGEN</small>. M<small>AN ERWIDERTE IHM</small>: D<small>IES SAGTEN SIE NUR VON DEN WEISSEN</small> F<small>EIGEN</small>.",
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"II. W<small>ER IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE</small> L<small>AUCH VERGRÄBT, NEHME, WIE</small> R. M<small>EÍR SAGT, NICHT WENIGER ALS ZWEI</small> S<small>EÁ, UND ZWAR IN EINER</small> H<small>ÖHE VON DREI</small> H<small>ANDBREITEN UND EINE</small> H<small>ANDBREITE</small> E<small>RDE DARÜBER; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, ER NEHME NICHT WENIGER ALS VIER</small> K<small>AB, EINE</small> H<small>ANDBREITE HOCH UND EINE</small> H<small>ANDBREITE</small> E<small>RDE DARÜBER</small>. A<small>UCH VERGRABE MAN IHN AN EINER</small> S<small>TELLE, WO</small> M<small>ENSCHEN DARAUF HERUMTRETEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dies alles, damit es nicht den Anschein des Pflanzens habe.</i>.",
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"III. W<small>ENN</small> L<small>AUCH BIS NACH DEM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE STEHEN GEBLIEBEN IST, SO HABEN DIE</small> A<small>RMEN, WIE</small> R. E<small>LEA͑ZAR SAGT, WENN SIE DIE</small> B<small>LÄTTER AUFGESAMMELT HABEN, SIE EBEN GESAMMELT, WENN ABER NICHT, SO RECHNE ER MIT DEN</small> A<small>RMEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Was im S. gewachsen ist, gehört den Armen.</i> <small>AB</small>; R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, HABEN DIE</small> A<small>RMEN DIE</small> B<small>LÄTTER AUFGESAMMELT, SO HABEN SIE EBEN GESAMMELT, WENN ABER NICHT, SO HABEN DIE</small> A<small>RMEN AN IHN KEINE</small> F<small>ORDERUNG</small>.",
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"IV. W<small>ENN</small> L<small>AUCH VOM</small> V<small>ORSIEBENTJAHRE IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE STEHEN GEBLIEBEN IST, EBENSO</small> S<small>OMMERZWIEBELN ODER DER GUTE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Sie lassen sich leicht aus der Erde ziehen.</i> K<small>RAPP, SO REISSE MAN SIE, WIE DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, MIT HÖLZERNEN</small> S<small>CHAUFELN, UND WIE DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, AUCH MIT EISERNEN</small> S<small>PATEN AUS</small>. J<small>ENE PFLICHTET ABER BEI, DASS MAN</small> K<small>RAPP, DER AUF DEM</small> F<small>ELSEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach anderen: an den Seiten, sedes Gartens. An solchen Stellen pflegt man ihn nicht zu pflanzen, u. es ist ersichtlich, daß man nicht den Boden bearbeitet.</i> <small>WÄCHST, AUCH MIT EISERNEN</small> S<small>PATEN AUSREISSEN DARF</small>.",
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"V. V<small>ON WANN AN DARF MAN IM</small> N<small>ACHSIEBENTJAHRE</small> L<small>AUCH KAUFEN?</small> R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, SOFORT; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, SOBALD DER NEUE VERBREITET IST</small>.",
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"VI. F<small>OLGENDE</small> G<small>ERATE DARF DER</small> H<small>ANDWERKER IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Einem im Verdachte der Übertretung stehenden Jisraéliten.</i> <small>NICHT VERKAUFEN: EINEN</small> P<small>FLUG MIT ALLEM</small> Z<small>UBEHÖR, EIN</small> J<small>OCH, EINE</small> W<small>URFSCHAU FEL UND EIN</small> G<small>RABEISEN; WOHL ABER DARF ER EINE</small> S<small>ICHEL, EINE</small> S<small>ENSE UND EINEN</small> W<small>AGEN MIT ALLEM</small> Z<small>UBEHÖR VERKAUFEN</small>. D<small>IE</small> R<small>EGEL IST: WAS AUS SCHLIESSLICH ZUR</small> [<small>IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE</small>] <small>VERBOTENEN</small> A<small>RBEIT BESTIMMT IST, IST VERBOTEN, UND WAS ZUR VERBOTENEN UND ERLAUBTEN</small> A<small>RBEIT BESTIMMT IST, IST ERLAUBT</small>.",
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"VII. D<small>ER</small> T<small>ÖPFER DARF FÜNF</small> Ö<small>LKRÜGE UND FÜNFZEHN</small> W<small>EINKRÜGE VER KAUFEN, DENN SO VIEL PFLEGT MAN VOM</small> F<small>REIGUT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Solches sind die im Siebentjahre wachsenden Früchte.</i><small>HEIMZUBRINGEN; HAT JEMAND MEHR HEIMGEBRACHT, SO IST ES ERLAUBT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ihm mehr Krüge zu verkaufen.</i>. M<small>AN DARF</small> [<small>NACH</small> B<small>ELIEBEN</small>] <small>IM</small> [J͑ISRAÉL]LAND AN N<small>ICHTJUDEN UND AUSSERHALB DES</small> L<small>ANDES AN</small> J<small>ISRAÉLITEN VERKAUFEN</small>.",
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"VIII. D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, MAN DÜRFE IHM</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Einem im Verdachte der Übertretung stehenden Jisraéliten.</i> <small>KEINE</small> A<small>CKERKUH IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE VERKAUFEN; DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS ERLAUBT DIES, WEIL ER SIE AUCH SCHLACHTEN KANN</small>. M<small>AN DARF IHM</small> F<small>RÜCHTE VERKAUFEN, SELBST ZUR</small> Z<small>EIT DES</small> S<small>ÄENS; FERNER DARF MAN IHM EIN</small> M<small>ASS BORGEN, SELBST WENN MAN WEISS, DASS ER EINE</small> T<small>ENNE HAT, AUCH</small> [<small>GROSSES</small>] G<small>ELD IN</small> S<small>CHEIDEMÜNZE WECHSELN, SELBST WENN MAN WEISS, DASS ER</small> T<small>AGELÖHNER HAT</small>. D<small>IES ALLES IST JEDOCH VERBOTEN, FALLS ER AUSDRÜCKLICH VERLANGT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Zu einer verbotenen Arbeit.</i>.",
|
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"IX. E<small>INE</small> F<small>RAU DARF EINER ANDEREN, DIE BEZÜGLICH DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES VERDÄCHTIG IST, EIN</small> M<small>EHLSIEB, EIN</small> K<small>ORNSIEB, EINE</small> H<small>ANDMÜHLE ODER EINEN</small> O<small>FEN BORGEN; SIE DARF IHR ABER NICHT LESEN ODER MAHLEN HELFEN</small>. D<small>IE</small> F<small>RAU EINES</small> G<small>ENOSSEN DARF DER</small> F<small>RAU EINES</small> M<small>ANNES AUS DEM GEMEINEN</small> V<small>OLKE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Auch zu einer anderen Zeit, da er verdächtig ist, den Zehnten nicht zu entrichten.</i> <small>EIN</small> M<small>EHLSIEB ODER EIN</small> K<small>ORNSIEB BORGEN, AUCH DARF SIE IHR LESEN, MAHLEN UND SIEBEN HELFEN; HAT SIE ABER BEREITS DAS</small> W<small>ASSER</small> [<small>AUF DAS</small> M<small>EHL</small>]<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die Befeuchtung eßbarer Dinge befähigt sie für die levitische Unreinheit; cf. Lev. 11,38.</i> <small>GEGOSSEN, DARF SIE BEI IHR NICHTS MEHR BERÜHREN, WEIL MAN</small> Ü<small>BERTRETER NICHT UNTERSTÜTZEN DARF</small>. D<small>IES ALLES</small> [<small>ERLAUBTEN</small>] <small>SIE NUR DES</small> F<small>RIEDENS WEGEN</small>. M<small>AN DARF IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE</small> N<small>ICHTJUDEN</small> [<small>BEIDER</small> A<small>RBEIT</small>] E<small>RMUTIGEN, NICHT ABER EINEN</small> J<small>ISRAÉLITEN; DESGLEICHEN BEGRÜSSE MAN SIE, DES</small> F<small>RIEDENS WEGEN</small>."
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+
],
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[
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"<b>D</b>REIERLEI L<small>ANDESGEBIETE UNTERSCHEIDET MAN HINSICHTLICH DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES</small>. I<small>M</small> G<small>EBIETE, DAS DIE</small> A<small>USZÜGLER AUS</small> B<small>ABYLONIEN IN</small> B<small>ESITZ GENOMMEN, VOM</small> J<small>ISRAÉLLAND BIS</small> K<small>EZIB, DARF WEDER</small> [<small>DIE</small> F<small>RUCHT</small>] <small>GEGESSEN, NOCH</small> [<small>DAS</small> L<small>AND</small>] <small>BEARBEITET WERDEN</small>. I<small>M</small> G<small>EBIETE, DAS DIE</small> A<small>USZÜGLER AUS</small> M<small>IÇRAJIM IN</small> B<small>ESITZ GENOMMEN, VON</small> K<small>EZIB BIS AN DEN</small> F<small>LUSS UND BIS</small> A<small>MANA, DARF</small> [<small>DIE</small> F<small>RUCHT</small>] <small>GEGESSEN, ABER</small> [<small>DAS</small> L<small>AND</small>] <small>NICHT BEARBEITET WERDEN</small>. I<small>M</small> G<small>EBIETE VOM</small> F<small>LUSSE UND</small> A<small>MANA EINWÄRTS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Rieht, auswärts, worauf schon von den Kommentaren hingewiesen.</i> <small>DARF SOWOHL</small> [<small>DIE</small> F<small>RUCHT</small>] <small>GEGESSEN ALS AUCH</small> [<small>DAS</small> L<small>AND</small>] <small>BEARBEITET WERDEN</small>.",
|
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+
"II. I<small>N</small> S<small>YRIEN DARF MAN BEI BEREITS</small> [<small>VOM</small> B<small>ODEN</small>] G<small>ELÖSTEM ARBEITEN, NICHT ABER BEI NOCH</small> H<small>AFTENDEM; MAN DARF DRESCHEN, WORFELN, KELTERN UND GARBEN, NICHT ABER MÄHEN, WINZERN UND OLIVEN PFLÜCKEN</small>. R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGTE EINE</small> R<small>EGEL</small>: D<small>ESGLEICHEN IM</small> J<small>ISRAÉLLAND ERLAUBT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach bibl. Gesetze; jedoch rahbanitisch verboten.</i> <small>IST, DARF MAN IN</small> S<small>YRIEN</small> [<small>UNEINGESCHRÄNKT</small>] <small>TUN</small>.",
|
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+
"III. W<small>ENN AUF</small> Z<small>WIEBELN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Aus dem 6. Jahre, die im Siebentjahre stehen geblieben sind.</i> <small>DER</small> R<small>EGEN GEFALLEN IST UND SIE GEWACHSEN SIND, SO SIND SIE, WENN DIE</small> B<small>LÄTTER DUNKEL SIND, VERBOTEN, UND WENN SIE GRÜNGELB SIND, ERLAUBT</small>. R. Ḥ<small>ANINA B</small>. A<small>NTIGONOS SAGT, WENN MAN SIE AN DEN</small> B<small>LÄTTERN</small> (<small>NICHT</small>) <small>AUSZIEHEN KANN, SEIEN SIE VERBOTEN</small>. D<small>EM ENTSPRECHEND SIND SIE IM</small> N<small>ACHSIEBENTJAHRE ERLAUBT</small>.",
|
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"IV. V<small>ON WANN AN DARF MAN IM</small> N<small>ACHSIEBENTJAHRE</small> K<small>RÄUTER KAUFEN?</small> S<small>OBALD SOLCHE SCHON GEWACHSEN SIND</small>. S<small>IND</small> F<small>RÜHREIFE SCHON VORHANDEN, SO SIND AUCH DIE</small> S<small>PÄTREIFEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Obgleich sie noch vom Siebentjahre sein können.</i> <small>ERLAUBT</small>. R<small>ABBI ERLAUBTE</small>, K<small>RÄUTER IM</small> N<small>ACH SIEBENTJAHRE SOFORT ZU KAUFEN</small>.",
|
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"V. M<small>AN DARF</small> Ö<small>L, DAS VERBRANNT WERDEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Unrein gewordene Hebe.</i> <small>MUSS, UND</small> F<small>RÜCHTE DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES NICHT AUS DEM</small> [J<small>ISRAÉL</small>]<small>LAND NACH DEM</small> A<small>USLANDE AUSFÜHREN</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGTE</small>: I<small>CH HABE AUSDRÜCKLICH GEHÖRT, DASS MAN NACH</small> S<small>YRIEN AUSFÜHREN UND NACH DEM AÜSLANDE NICHT AUSFÜHREN DARF</small>.",
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"VI. M<small>AN DARF KEINE</small> H<small>EBE VOM</small> A<small>USLÄNDE NACH DEM</small> [J<small>ISRAÉL</small>]<small>LAND EIN FÜHREN</small>. R.Š<small>IMO͑N SAGTE:</small> I<small>CH HABE AUSDRÜCKLICH GEHÖRT, DASS MAN AUS</small> S<small>YRIEN EINFÜHREN UND AUS DEM</small> A<small>USLANDE NICHT EINFÜHREN DARF</small>."
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],
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[
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"<b>E</b>INE <small>ALLGEMEINE</small> R<small>EGEL SAGTEN SIE BEZÜGLICH DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES:</small> A<small>LLES, WAS EINE</small> S<small>PEISE FÜR</small> M<small>ENSCHEN</small>, V<small>IEHFÜTTER ODER</small> F<small>ÄRBEPFLANZE IST, UND WAS NICHT</small> [<small>ÜBER</small> W<small>INTER</small>] <small>IN DER</small> E<small>RDE BLEIBT, AUCH SEIN</small> E<small>RLÖS, UNTERLIEGT DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE; EBENSO UNTERLIEGT ES UND SEIN</small> E<small>RLÖS DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VON DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Dt. 14,28; 26,13.</i>. W<small>ELCHESIND ES</small>? D<small>IE</small> B<small>LÄTTER VON WILDEM</small> L<small>AUCH, DIE</small> B<small>LÄTTER DER</small> M<small>INZE</small>, E<small>NDIVIEN, WILDER</small> S<small>CHNITTLAUCH</small>, P<small>ORTULAK UND DIE</small> M<small>LLCHBLUME</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Vieil. Wolfsmilchkraut.</i>; <small>VOM</small> V<small>LEHFUTTER</small>: D<small>ORNEN</small>, D<small>ISTELN; VON DEN</small> F<small>ÄRBEPFLANZEN:</small> W<small>AIDKRAUT</small>, Q<small>OÇA</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach anderen, Origanum.</i>; <small>SIE UND IHR</small> E<small>RLÖS UNTERLIEGEN DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE; EBENSO UNTERLIEGEN SIE UND IHR</small> E<small>RLÖS DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VON DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG</small>.",
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"II. N<small>OCH EINE ANDERE</small> R<small>EGEL SAGTEN SIE</small>: A<small>LLES, WAS NICHT</small> S<small>PEISE FÜR</small> M<small>ENSCHEN</small>, V<small>IEHFUTTER ODER</small> F<small>ÄRBEPFLANZE IST, WAS</small> [<small>ÜBER</small> W<small>INTER</small>] <small>IN DER</small> E<small>RDE BLEIBT, AUCH SEIN</small> E<small>RLÖS, UNTERLIEGT DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE, NICHT ABER UNTERLIEGT ES UND SEIN</small> E<small>RLÖS DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VON DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG</small>. W<small>ELCHE SIND ES?</small> D<small>IE</small> W<small>URZEL DES WILDEN</small> S<small>CHNITTLAUCHES, DIE</small> W<small>URZEL DER</small> M<small>INZE</small>, A͑<small>RQABNIN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Rieht, <span dir=\"rtl\">עקרבנין</span>, vieil, aus <span dir=\"rtl\">עקרב</span>, Skorpion-Kronenwicke?</i>; Ḥ<small>ELBEÇIN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Jer. (Seb. VII,2) erklärt: <span dir=\"rtl\">ביצי גץ חלב</span> Eier (Knollen, Wurzeln?) der Milchblume.</i>, B<small>OKHARJA</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Vieil. Baccar od. Bacchar (mit unserem Gnaphalium odoratissimum od. Gn. sanguineum <i>L</i>. identisch).</i>; <small>VON DEN</small> F<small>ÄRBEPFLANZEN</small>: K<small>RAPP</small>, R<small>IKHPA</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach Mas. V,8 zwiebelartige Pflanze; wie ein Kommentar an dieser Stelle hinzufügt: deren abgekochte Wurzel als Mittel gegen Darmwürmer dient.</i>; <small>DIESE UND IHR</small> E<small>RLÖS UNTERLIEGEN DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE, NICHT ABER UNTERLIEGEN SIE UND IHR</small> E<small>RLÖS DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VON DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG</small>. R. M<small>EÍR SAGTE</small>: I<small>HR</small> E<small>RLÖS MUSS BIS ZUM</small> N<small>EUJAHR FORTGESCHAFFT SEIN</small>. J<small>ENE ENTGEGNETEN</small>: S<small>IE SELBER UNTERLIEGEN NICHT DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG, UM WIEVIEL WENIGER IHR</small> E<small>RLÖS</small>.",
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"III. S<small>CHALEN DER</small> G<small>RANATÄPFEL UND DEREN</small> B<small>LÜTEN</small>, N<small>USSSCHALEN UND</small> F<small>RUCHTKERNE, AUCH IHR</small> E<small>RLÖS, UNTERLIEGEN DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE</small>. D<small>ER</small> F<small>ÄRBER DARF ZUM EIGENEN</small> G<small>EBRAUCHE FÄRBEN, JEDOCH NICHT GEGEN</small> B<small>EZAHLUNG, WEIL MAN KEIN</small> G<small>ESCHÄFT TREIBEN DARF MIT</small> S<small>IEBENT-JAHRSFRÜCHTEN, NOCH MIT</small> E<small>RSTGEBORENEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Das Erstgeborene eines Haustieres gilt als heilig u. ist an den Priester zu schenken; cf. Ex. 13,12 ff.</i>, <small>NOCH MIT</small> H<small>EBEFRÜCHTEN, NOCH MIT</small> A<small>AS, NOCH MIT</small> T<small>ODVERLETZTEM</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Als Aas und Totverletztes gelten Tiere, die nicht rituell geschlachtet, oder bei deren Schlachtung die rituellen Vorschriften nicht genau beobachtet worden sind, bezw. die mit einer tötlichen Verletzung oder inneren Krankheit behaftet waren, was sich oft erst nach der Schlachtung herausstellt. In weiterem Sinne wird jede rituell verbotene Speise als Ṭerepha (Totverletztes) bezeichnet.</i>, <small>NOCH MIT</small> E<small>KEL- UND</small> K<small>RIECHTIEREN</small>. F<small>ERNER DARF MAN NICHT</small> [<small>IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE</small>] F<small>ELDKRÄUTER KAUFEN UND AUF DEM</small> M<small>ARKTE VERKAUFEN; WOHL ABER DARF MAN SAMMELN, WÄHREND SEIN</small> S<small>OHN FÜR IHN VERKAUFT</small>. H<small>AT MAN FÜR SICH GESAMMELT UND ZURÜCKGELASSEN, SO DARF MAN ES VERKAUFEN</small>.",
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"IV. W<small>ER EIN</small> [<small>GEBRECHENBEHAFTETES</small>] E<small>RSTGEBORENES ZUM</small> [H<small>OCHZEITS-</small>] <small>MAHLE SEINES</small> S<small>OHNES ODER ZUM</small> F<small>ESTE GEKAUFT HAT UND ES NICHT MEHR BRAUCHT, DARF ES VERKAUFEN</small>. W<small>ENN</small> W<small>ILD- UND</small> G<small>EFLÜGELJÄGER ODER</small> F<small>ISCHER UNREINE</small> A<small>RTEN FANGEN, SO DÜRFEN SIE DIESE VERKAUFEN</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, WER SOLCHE GELEGENTLICH TRIFFT, DÜRFE SIE KAUFEN UND VERKAUFEN, NUR DÜRFE MAN DIES NICHT GEWERBSMÄSSIG BETREIBEN; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN VERBIETEN DIES</small>.",
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"V. R<small>EISER DES</small> S<small>PERBERBAUMES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach anderen die abgeschnittenen Ranken des Weinstockes.</i><small>UND DES</small> J<small>OHANNISBROTBAUMES, AUCH IHR</small> E<small>RLÖS, UNTERLIEGEN DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE; EBENSO UNTERLIEGEN SIE UND IHR</small> E<small>RLÖS DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VON DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG</small>. R<small>EISER DER</small> E<small>ICHE, DES</small> P<small>ISTAZIENBAUMES UND DES</small> W<small>EISSDORNS, AUCH IHR</small> E<small>RLÖS, UNTERLIEGEN DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE, NICHT ABER UNTERLIEGEN SIE UND IHR</small> E<small>RLÖS DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VON DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG</small>. D<small>IE</small> B<small>LÄTTER ABER UNTERLIEGEN DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VON DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG, WEIL SIE VON IHREM</small> S<small>TAMME ABFALLEN</small>.",
|
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"VI. D<small>IE</small> R<small>OSE, DIE</small> G<small>EWÜRZNELKE, DIE</small> B<small>ALSAMSTAUDE UND DIE</small> L<small>ATMA</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Aromatische Pflanze.</i>, <small>AUCH IHR</small> E<small>RLÖS, UNTERLIEGEN DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGT, DIE</small> B<small>ALSAMSTAUDE UNTERLIEGE NICHT DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE VOM</small> S<small>IEBENT JAHRE, WEIL SIE KEINE</small> F<small>RUCHT IST</small>.",
|
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"VII. W<small>ENN MAN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Im Siebentjahre.</i><small>EINE DIESJÄHRIGE</small> R<small>OSE IN VORJÄHRIGES</small> Ö<small>L EINGELEGT HAT, SO NEHME MAN DIE</small> R<small>OSE HERAUS; WENN ABER EINE VORJÄHRIGE IN DIESJÄHRIGES, SO UNTERLIEGT SIE DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG</small>. W<small>ENN MAN DIESJÄHRIGES</small> J<small>OHANNISBROT IN VORJÄHRIGEN</small> W<small>EIN EINGELEGT HAT, ODER VORJÄHRIGES IN DIESJÄHRIGEN, SO UNTERLIEGT ES DEM</small> G<small>ESETZE DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG</small>. D<small>IE</small> R<small>EGEL IST</small>: S<small>IND ES VERSCHIEDENE</small> A<small>RTEN,SO MÜSSEN SIE FORTGESCHAFFT WERDEN, WENN</small> [<small>DAS</small> V<small>ERBOTENE</small>] <small>EINEN</small> G<small>ESCHMACK VERLEIHT; WENN DERSELBEN</small> A<small>RT, AUCH IRGENDETWAS</small>. S<small>IEBENTJAHRSFRUCHT MACHT BEI DERSELBEN</small> A<small>RT IN JEDEM</small> Q<small>UANTUM VERBOTEN, BEI EINER ANDEREN</small> A<small>RT, WENN SIE EINEN</small> G<small>ESCHMACK VERLEIHT</small>."
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],
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[
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"<b>E</b>INE <small>ALLGEMEINE</small> R<small>EGEL SAGTEN SIE BEZÜGLICH DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES</small>: V<small>ON ALLEM, WAS ALS</small> S<small>PEISE FÜR</small> M<small>ENSCHEN BESTIMMT IST, DARF MAN KEIN</small> P<small>FLASTER BEREITEN FÜR</small> M<small>ENSCHEN, UND UM SO WENIGER FÜR EIN</small> V<small>IEH; VON ALLEM, WAS NICHT ALS</small> S<small>PEISE FÜR</small> M<small>ENSCHEN BESTIMMT IST, DARF MAN EIN</small> P<small>FLASTER FÜR</small> M<small>ENSCHEN BEREITEN, NICHT ABER FÜR EIN</small> V<small>IEH</small>. W<small>ENN ES ABER WEDER ALS</small> S<small>PEISE FÜR MENSCHEN NOCH ALS</small> V<small>LEHFUTTER BESTIMMT IST, SO WIRD HIERBEI, FALLS MAN ES</small> [<small>BEIM</small> S<small>AMMELN</small>] <small>ALS</small> S<small>PEISE FÜR</small> M<small>ENSCHEN UND</small> V<small>IEHFUTTER ZU VERWENDEN DACHTE, DIE ERSCHWERENDE</small> S<small>EITE DER</small> [S<small>PEISE FÜR</small>] M<small>ENSCHEN UND DIE ERSCHWERENDE</small> S<small>EITE DES</small> V<small>IEHFUTTERS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Man darf es nur roh genießen.</i> <small>ANGEWENDET; WENN MAN ES ABER</small> [<small>BEIM</small> S<small>AMMELN</small>] <small>ALS</small> H<small>OLZ ZU VERWENDEN DACHTE, SO WIRD ES WIE</small> H<small>OLZ BETRACHTET, BEISPIELSWEISE</small> P<small>OLEI</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach anderen, wilder Rosmarin.</i>, Y<small>SOP UND</small> T<small>HYMIAN</small>.",
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+
"II. F<small>RÜCHTE DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES SIND ZUM</small> E<small>SSEN, ZUM</small> T<small>RINKEN UND ZUM</small> S<small>ALBEN ZU VERWENDEN; WAS MAN GEWÖHNLICH GENIESST, ZUM</small> G<small>ENIESSEN, UND WOMIT MAN SICH GEWÖHNLICH SALBT, ZUM</small> S<small>ALBEN</small>. M<small>AN DARF</small> W<small>EIN UND</small> E<small>SSIG NICHT ZUM</small> S<small>ALBEN VERWENDEN, WOHL ABER VERWENDE MAN</small> Ö<small>L ZUM</small> S<small>ALBEN; DIES GILT AUCH VON DER</small> H<small>EBE UND VOM ZWEITEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN</small>. L<small>EICHTER ALS BEI DIESEN IST ES BEI</small> F<small>RÜCHTEN VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE, DIE MAN ZUM</small> B<small>RENNEN FÜR DIE</small> L<small>AMPE VERWENDEN DARF</small>.",
|
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"III. M<small>AN DARF</small> F<small>RÜCHTE DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES NICHT NACH</small> M<small>ASS</small>, G<small>EWICHT ODER</small> Z<small>AHL VERKAUFEN, NICHT EINMAL</small> F<small>EIGEN NACH</small> Z<small>AHL UND</small> K<small>RÄUTER NACH</small> G<small>EWICHT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dh. selbst in ungewöhnlicher Weise ist es verboten.</i>. D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, AUCH NICHT IN</small> B<small>ÜNDELN</small>. D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, WAS MAN SONST FÜR DEN</small> H<small>AUSGEBRAUCH BÜNDELT, DÜRFE MAN AUCH FÜR DEN</small> M<small>ARKT BÜNDELN, BEISPIELSWEISE DEN</small> S<small>CHNITTLAUCH ODER DIE</small> M<small>ILCHBLUME</small>.",
|
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+
"IV. W<small>ENN JEMAND ZU EINEM</small> T<small>AGELÖHNER SAGT: ‘DA HAST DU DIESEN</small> A<small>SSAR, SAMMLE MIR HEUTE</small> K<small>RÄUTER’, SO IST DER</small> L<small>OHN ERLAUBT; WENN ABER: ‘SAMMLE MIR DAFÜR HEUTE</small> K<small>RÄUTER’, SO IST DER</small> L<small>OHN VERBOTEN</small>. W<small>ENN JEMAND VOM</small> B<small>ÄCKER EIN</small> B<small>ROT FÜR EINEN</small> P<small>ONDION NIMMT UND SPRICHT</small>: <small>‘WENN ICH</small> F<small>ELDKRÄUTER SAMMLE, BRINGE ICH DIR’, SO IST DIES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Weil es ein gegenseitiges Geschenk ist.</i> <small>ERLAUBT; HAT ER ABER, OHNE ETWAS ZU SAGEN, GEKAUFT, SO DARF ER ES NICHT MIT DEM</small> E<small>RLÖSE VON</small> S<small>LEBENT-JAHRSFRÜCHTEN BEZAHLEN, WEIL MAN KEINE</small> S<small>CHULD MIT</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRSFRÜCHTEN BEZAHLEN DARF</small>.",
|
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"V. M<small>AN DARF</small> [<small>MIT DEM</small> E<small>RLÖSE</small>] <small>NICHT DEN</small> B<small>RUNNENGRÄBER, DEN</small> B<small>ADEMEISTER, DEN</small> B<small>ARBIER ODER DEN</small> S<small>CHIFFER BEZAHLEN, WOHL ABER DARF MAN DAMIT DEN</small> B<small>RUNNENGRÄBER BEZAHLEN, DAMIT ER</small> W<small>ASSER ZUM TRINKEN BRINGE</small>. D<small>IESEN ALLEN DARF MAN ABER DAVON ALS</small> G<small>ESCHENK GEBEN</small>.",
|
103 |
+
"VI. F<small>EIGEN VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE DARF MAN NICHT MIT EINEM</small> F<small>EIGENMESSER SCHNEIDEN, VIELMEHR SCHNEIDE MAN SIE MIT EINEM</small> S<small>CHWERTE</small>. T<small>RAUBEN DARF MAN NICHT IN DER</small> K<small>ELTER PRESSEN, VIELMEHR PRESSE MAN SIE IN EINER</small> M<small>ULDE</small>. O<small>LIVEN DARF MAN NICHT IN DER</small> Ö<small>LPRESSE MIT DEM</small> P<small>RESSBALKEN PRESSEN, VIELMEHR ZERQUETSCHE MAN SIE UND BRINGE SIE NACH DER KLEINEN</small> K<small>ELTER</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGT, MAN DÜRFE SIE AUCH IN DER</small> Ö<small>LKELTER MAHLEN UND NACH DER KLEINEN</small> K<small>ELTER BRINGEN</small>.",
|
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+
"VII. M<small>AN DARF</small> K<small>RAUTER DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES NICHT IN</small> Ö<small>L VON</small> H<small>EBE KO CHEN, UM SIE NICHT DER</small> V<small>ERNICHTUNG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dh. der Möglichkeit der Vernichtung; wenn Hebe unrein wird, muß sie verbrannt werden.</i> <small>AUSZUSETZEN</small>. R. š<small>IMO͑N ERLAUBT DIES</small>. V<small>OM</small> G<small>ESETZE DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES WIRD STETS DER LETZTE</small> E<small>RLÖS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn man den Erlös wiederum eintauscht.</i> <small>ERFASST, DIE</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRSFRUCHT SELBST ABER BLEIBT VERBOTEN</small>.",
|
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+
"VIII. M<small>AN DARF FÜR DEN</small> E<small>RLÖS DER</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRSFRÜCHTE KEINE</small> S<small>KLAVEN, KEINE</small> G<small>RUNDSTÜCKE UND KEIN UNREINES</small> V<small>IEH KAUFEN; HAT MAN BEREITS GEKAUFT, SO VERZEHRE MAN IHREN WERT</small>. M<small>AN DARF FÜR DEN</small> E<small>RLÖS DER</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRSFRÜCHTE KEINE</small> G<small>EFLÜGELOPFER FÜR MÄNNLICHE ODER WEIBLICHE</small> F<small>LUSSBEHAFTETE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Lev. Kap. 15.</i> <small>UND</small> W<small>ÖCHNERINNEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Lev. 12,8.</i> <small>DARBRINGEN; HAT MAN BEREITS DARGEBRACHT, SO VERZEHRE MAN DEN GLEICHEN</small> W<small>ERT</small>. M<small>AN DARF MIT ÖL VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE KEINE</small> G<small>ERÄTE EINÖLEN; HAT MAN BEREITS EINGEÖLT, SO VERZEHRE MAN DEN GLEICHEN WERT</small>.",
|
106 |
+
"IX. E<small>IN</small> F<small>ELL, DAS MAN MIT ÖL VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE EINGESCHMIERT HAT, MUSS, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, VERBRANNT WERDEN; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, MAN VER ZEHRE DEN GLEICHEN</small> W<small>ERT</small>. M<small>AN ERZÄHLTE</small> R. A͑<small>QIBA</small>, R. E<small>LIE͑ZER HABE GE SAGT, EIN</small> F<small>ELL, DAS MAN MIT</small> Ö<small>L VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE EINGESCHMIERT HAT, MÜSSE VERBRANNT WERDEN; DA SPRACH ER ZU IHNEN</small>: S<small>CHWEIGET, ICH WILL EUCH NICHT SAGEN, WAS</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER DIESBEZÜGLICH GESAGT HAT</small>.",
|
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+
"X. F<small>ERNER ERZÄHLTE MAN IHM</small>, R. E<small>LIE͑ZER HABE GESAGT, WENN MAN</small> B<small>ROT EINES</small> S<small>AMARITANERS ISST, SO SEI DIES EBENSO, ALS ÄSSE MAN</small> S<small>CHWEINEFLEISCH; DA SPRACH ER ZU IHNEN</small>: S<small>CHWEIGET, ICH WILL EUCH NICHT SAGEN, WAS</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER DIESBEZÜGLICH GESAGT HAT</small>.",
|
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"XI. I<small>N EINEM</small> B<small>ADE, DAS MIT</small> S<small>TROH UND</small> S<small>TOPPELN VOM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE GEHEIZT WURDE, DARF MAN BADEN; HÄLT ER SICH FÜR ANGESEHEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Daß andere sich nach ihm richten.</i>, <small>SO BADE ER NICHT</small>."
|
109 |
+
],
|
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+
[
|
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"<b>R</b>AUTE, <small>WILDE</small> B<small>EERMELDE</small>, P<small>ORTULAK</small>, B<small>ERGKORIANDER</small>, F<small>LUSSEPPICH UND DIE</small> W<small>IESENRAUTE SIND ZEHNTFREI UND DÜRFEN IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE. VON JED EM GEKAUFT WERDEN, WEIL MAN DERGLEICHEN NICHT VERWAHRT</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT</small>, N<small>ACHWUCHS VON</small> S<small>ENF SEI EBENFALLS ERLAUBT, WEIL DIE</small> Ü<small>BERTRETER HINSICHTLICH DESSEN NICHT VERDÄCHTIG SIND</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGT, JEDER</small> N<small>ACHWUCHS SEI ERLAUBT, AUSGENOMMEN DER</small> N<small>ACHWUCHS DES</small> K<small>OHLS, DA ES DESGLEICHEN UNTER DEN</small> F<small>ELDPFLANZEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Er wächst nicht wild.</i> <small>NICHT GIBT; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, JEDER</small> N<small>ACHWUCHS SEI VERBOTEN</small>.",
|
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"II. D<small>REIERLEI</small> L<small>ANDESGEBIETE UNTERSCHEIDET MAN HINSICHTLICH DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG</small>: J<small>UDÄA</small>, T<small>RANSJARDEN UND</small> G<small>ALILÄA, UND JEDES DIESER</small> L<small>ANDESGEBIETE ZERFÄLLT IN DREI</small> G<small>EBIETE</small>: O<small>BERGALILÄA</small>, U<small>NTERGALILÄA UND DIE</small> E<small>BENE</small>. V<small>ON</small> K<small>EPHAR</small> Ḥ<small>ANANJA AUFWÄRTS, SOWEIT KEINE</small> S<small>YKOMOREN WACHSEN, GEHÖRT ZU</small> O<small>BERGALILÄA; VON</small> K<small>EPHAR</small> Ḥ<small>ANANJA ABWÄRTS, SOWEIT</small> S<small>YKOMOREN WACHSEN, GEHÖRT ZU</small> U<small>NTERGALILÄA; DER</small> B<small>EZIRK</small> Ṭ<small>IBERIAS GEHÖRT ZUR</small> E<small>BENE</small>. J<small>UDÄA ZERFÄLLT IN DAS</small> G<small>EBIRGE, DIE</small> N<small>IEDERUNG UND DAS</small> S<small>ÜDLAND</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die kursierenden Ausgaben u. die MiŠna separata haben fälschlich ‘die Ebene’; cf. Jos. 10,40; Jud. 1,9.</i>. D<small>IE</small> N<small>IEDERUNG VON</small> L<small>UD, WIE DIE</small> N<small>IEDERUNG DES</small> S<small>ÜDENS, UND DEREN</small> B<small>ERG GLEICHT DEM</small> K<small>ÖNIGSBERGE</small>. V<small>ON</small> B<small>ETH</small> Ḥ<small>ORON BIS ZUM</small> M<small>EERE IST EIN</small> G<small>EBIET</small>.",
|
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"III. W<small>ARUM ABER SPRECHEN SIE VON DREI</small> L<small>ANDESGEBIETEN?</small> D<small>ASS MAN NÄMLICH IN JEDEM DERSELBEN</small> [S<small>IEBENTJAHRSFRÜCHTE</small>] <small>SO LANGE ESSEN DARF, BIS MAN IM LETZTEN</small> G<small>EBIETE AUFHÖRT</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGTE</small>: D<small>IE</small> E<small>INTEILUNG IN DREI</small> G<small>EBIETE GILT NUR FÜR</small> J<small>UDÄA,IN ALLEN ANDEREN</small> L<small>ANDESGEBIETEN RICHTE MAN SICH NACH DEM</small> K<small>ÖNIGSBERGE</small>. B<small>EZÜGLICH</small> O<small>LIVEN UND</small> D<small>ATTELN WERDEN ALLE</small> L<small>ANDESGEBIETE ALS EINES BETRACHTET</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Sie sind erlaubt, solange sie noch in einem Landesgebiete vorhanden sind.</i>.",
|
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"IV. M<small>AN DARF</small> [S<small>IEBENTJAHRSFRÜCHTE] ESSEN, SO LANGE SOLCHE NOCH ALS</small> F<small>REIGUT VORHANDEN SIND, NICHT ABER, WENN ALS</small> V<small>ERWAHRTES</small>; R. J<small>OSE ERLAUBT DIES, AUCH WENN WELCHE ALS</small> V<small>ERWAHRTES VORHANDEN SIND</small>. M<small>AN DARF ESSEN, SO LANGE</small> S<small>PÄTLINGE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach Maimonides eine hartkörnige Abart verschiedener Feldfrüchte, die sehr spät reift. Nach den meisten Erklärern sind <span dir=\"rtl\">טפיחים</span> Futternäpfe für Vögel an den Häuserwänden, in denen Früchte und Kerne sich befinden.</i> <small>ODER</small> R<small>EMONTANTEN VORHANDEN SIND, NICHT ABER, SO LANGE</small> W<small>INTERTRAUBEN VORHANDEN SIND</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA ERLAUBT DIES, WENN SIE VOR</small> E<small>NDE DES</small> S<small>OMMERS REIF WAREN</small>.",
|
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+
"V. W<small>ENN JEMAND DREIERLEI</small> K<small>RÄUTER IN EIN</small> F<small>ASS EINGELEGT HAT, SO DARF ER, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, DAVON ESSEN, SO LANGE DIE ERSTE</small> A<small>RT, UND WIE</small> R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, SO LANGE DIE LETZTE</small> A<small>RT AUF DEM</small> F<small>ELDE VORHANDEN IST</small>; R. G<small>AMLIÉL SAGT, SOBALD EINE</small> A<small>RT NICHT MEHR AUF DEM</small> F<small>ELDE IST, SCHAFFE ER SIE AUCH AUS DEM</small> F<small>ASSE FORT</small>. D<small>IE</small> H<small>ALAKHA IST WIE SEINE</small> A<small>NSICHT</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGTE</small>: S<small>ÄMTLICHE</small> K<small>RÄUTER GELTEN BEZÜGLICH DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG ALS EINE</small> [A<small>RT</small>]; <small>MAN DARF</small> P<small>ORTULAK SO LANGE ESSEN, BIS</small> K<small>ARDONEN IM</small> T<small>ALE</small> B<small>ETH</small> N<small>EṬOPHA</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Feuchter Boden, wo die Früchte sehr lange wachsen.</i> <small>AUSGEHEN</small>.",
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"VI. G<small>RÜNE</small> G<small>RÄSER SAMMLE MAN, BIS DAS</small> S<small>ÜSSE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Absch. III, Anm. 2.</i> <small>TROCKEN IST; GETROCK NETE BIS ZUM ZWEITEN</small> R<small>EGENFALLE</small>; B<small>LÄTTER VON</small> S<small>TAUDEN UND</small> W<small>EINSTÖCKEN, BIS SIE VON IHREM</small> S<small>TAMME ABFALLEN; SAMMELT MAN DIE GETROCKNETEN, BIS ZUM ZWEITEN</small> R<small>EGENFALLE</small>. R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGT, ALLE BIS ZUM ZWEITEN</small> R<small>EGENFALLE</small>.",
|
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+
"VII. D<small>ESGLEICHEN GILT, WENN JEMAND SEINEM</small> N<small>ÄCHSTEN EIN</small> H<small>AUS BIS ZUR</small> R<small>EGENZEIT VERMIETET, DIES BIS ZUM ZWEITEN</small> R<small>EGENFALLE</small>. W<small>ENN JEMAND SICH DEN</small> G<small>ENUSS VON SEINEM</small> N<small>ÄCHSTEN BIS ZUR</small> R<small>EGENZEIT ABGELOBT</small>, [<small>SO GILT DIES</small>] <small>BIS ZUM ZWEITEN</small> R<small>EGENFALLE</small>. B<small>IS WANN DÜRFEN DIE</small> A<small>RMEN IN DIE</small> O<small>BSTGÄRTEN SAMMELN GEHEN?</small> B<small>IS ZUM ZWEITEN</small> R<small>EGENFALLE</small>. V<small>ON WANN AN DARF MAN</small> S<small>TROH UND</small> S<small>TOPPELN DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES NUTZNIESSEN UND DAMIT BRENNEN?</small> B<small>IS ZUM ZWEITEN</small> R<small>EGENFALLE</small>.",
|
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+
"VIII. W<small>ENN JEMAND</small> F<small>RÜCHTE DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES HAT UND DIE</small> Z<small>EIT DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG HERANREICHT, SO TEILE ER JEDEM</small> [<small>SEINER</small> A<small>NGEHÖRIGEN</small>] N<small>AHRUNG FÜR DREI</small> M<small>AHLZEITEN ZU</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Was zurückbleibt, ist Freigut.</i>. A<small>RME DÜRFEN NACH DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG ESSEN</small>, R<small>EICHE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die die Früchte aus eigenem Felde gesammelt.</i> <small>NICHT — SO</small> R. J<small>EHUDA</small>; R. J<small>OSE SAGT, SOWOHL</small> A<small>RME ALS AUCH</small> R<small>EICHE DÜRFEN NACH DER</small> F<small>ORTSCHAFFUNG ESSEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Als Freigut.</i>.",
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"IX. W<small>ENN JEMAND</small> F<small>RÜCHTE DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES HAT, DIE ER ALS</small> E<small>RB SCHAFT ODER ALS</small> G<small>ESCHENK ERHALTEN, SO GEBE ER SIE, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, JEDEM, DER ESSEN WILL</small>. D<small>IE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, DER</small> S<small>ÜNDER DÜRFE KEINEN</small> G<small>EWINN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Indem auch er selber und seine Angehörigen davon essen.</i> <small>HABEN; SIE SIND VIELMEHR AN JEDEN, DER ESSEN WILL, ZU VERKAUFEN, UND DER</small> E<small>RLÖS<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Auch für das, was er selber ißt.</i>IST AN JEDERMANN ZU VERTEILEN</small>. W<small>ER VOM</small> T<small>EIG DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES GENIESST, BEVOR DAVON DIE</small> T<small>EIGHEBE ABGESONDERT WORDEN IST, VERDIENT DEN</small> T<small>OD</small>."
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],
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[
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"<b>D</b>AS S<small>IEBENTJAHR ERLÄSST JEDES</small> D<small>ARLEHEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Dt. 15,1 ff.</i>, <small>OB GEGEN</small> S<small>CHULDSCHEIN ODER OHNE</small> S<small>CHULDSCHEIN</small>. L<small>ADENKREDITE WERDEN NICHT ERLASSEN; WENN MAN SIE ABER IN EIN</small> D<small>ARLEHEN UMWANDELT, WERDEN SIE ERLASSEN</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, BIS AUF DEN LETZTEN WERDE ALLES ERLASSEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn man mehrmals geborgt.</i>. D<small>ER</small> L<small>OHN DES</small> L<small>OHNARBEITERS WIRD NICHT ERLASSEN; WENN MAN IHN IN EIN</small> D<small>ARLEHEN UMWANDELT, WIRD ER ERLASSEN</small>. R. J<small>OSE SAGT, MUSS DIE</small> A<small>RBEIT IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE EINGESTELLT WERDEN, WERDE ER ERLASSEN, BRAUCHT SIE IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE NICHT EINGESTELLT ZU WERDEN, WERDE ER NICHT ERLASSEN</small>.",
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"II. W<small>ENN JEMAND EINE</small> K<small>UH SCHLACHTET UND SIE AM</small> N<small>EUJAHRSTAGE AUSHÖKERT,SO WIRD DIE</small> S<small>CHULD ERLASSEN, FALLS DER</small> [<small>VORANGEHENDE</small>] M<small>ONAT VOLL</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Der erste Neujahrstag gehört zum vorhergehenden Monat (Elul), falls dieser voll ist, dh. 30 Tage hat.</i> <small>WAR, WENN ABER NICHT, SO WIRD DIE</small> S<small>CHULD NICHT ERLASSEN</small>. [S<small>TRAFGELDER</small>] <small>DES</small> N<small>OTZÜCHTERS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Dt. 22,28.</i>, <small>DES</small> V<small>ERFÜHRERS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Ex. 22,15.</i>, <small>DES</small> V<small>ERLEUMDERS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Dt. 22,13.</i>, <small>SOWIE ALLER GERICHTLICHEN</small> E<small>RKENNTNISSE WERDEN NICHT ERLASSEN</small>. W<small>ENN MAN AUF EIN</small> P<small>FAND VERLEIHT, ODER SEINE</small> S<small>CHULDSCHEINE DEM</small> G<small>ERICHTE ÜBERGIBT, SO WIRD</small> [<small>DIE</small> S<small>CHULD</small>] <small>NICHT ERLASSEN</small>.",
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"III. D<small>ER</small> P<small>ROSBUL SCHÜTZT VOR</small> V<small>ERFALL</small>. D<small>IES IST EINE DER</small> V<small>ERORDNUNGEN, DIE</small> H<small>ILLEL DER</small> Ä<small>LTERE ANGEORDNET HAT</small>. A<small>LS ER NÄMLICH SAH, DASS DAS</small> V<small>OLK SICH WEIGERTE, EINANDER EIN</small> D<small>ARLEHEN ZU GEWÄHREN, DASS MAN ÜBERTRAT DEN</small> S<small>CHRIFTVERS</small>: <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dt. 15,9.</i><i>häte dich, daß nicht in deinem Herzen ein nichtswürdiger Gedanke aufsteige &c</i>., <small>FÜHRTE ER DEN</small> P<small>ROSBUL EIN</small>.",
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"IV. F<small>OLGENDES IST DER</small> I<small>NHALT DES</small> P<small>ROSBUL</small>: ‘I<small>CH</small> N. N. <small>ERKLÄRE VOR EUCH</small>, R<small>ICHTERN DES</small> O<small>RTES</small> N., <small>DASS ICH JEDE MIR AUSSTEHENDE</small> S<small>CHULD ZU JEDER MIR BELIEBIGEN</small> Z<small>EIT EINFORDERN DAR</small>’. D<small>IE</small> R<small>ICHTER ODER DIE</small> Z<small>EUGEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dies kann auch vor Laien, sogar mündlich abgemacht werden.</i> <small>UNTERZEICHNEN</small>.",
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+
"V. E<small>IN VORDATIERTER</small> P<small>ROSBUL IST GÜLTIG, EIN NACHDATIERTER IST UN GÜLTIG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Er könnte inzwischen Geld verliehen haben.</i>. V<small>ORDATIERTE</small> S<small>CHULDSCHEINE SIND UNGÜLTIG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Man würde die inzwischen vom Schuldner verkauften Grundstücke mit Unrecht dem Käufer abnehmen.</i>, <small>NACHDATIERTE SIND GÜLTIG</small>. W<small>ENN EINER VON FÜNF</small> P<small>ERSONEN LEIHT, SO IST FÜR JEDE EIN BESONDERER</small> P<small>ROSBUL ZU SCHREIBEN; WENN FÜNF</small> P<small>ERSONEN VON EINEM LEIHEN, SO IST FÜR ALLE NUR EIN</small> P<small>ROSBUL ZU SCHREIBEN</small>.",
|
127 |
+
"VI. M<small>AN SCHREIBE EINEN</small> P<small>ROSBUL NUR DANN, WENN</small> [<small>DER</small> S<small>CHULDNER</small>] G<small>RUNDBESITZ HAT; HAT ER KEINEN, SO ÜBEREIGNE IHM</small> [<small>DER</small> G<small>LÄUBIGER</small>] <small>ET WAS VON SEINEM</small> F<small>ELDE</small>. B<small>ESITZT ER</small> (<small>IN DER</small> S<small>TADT</small>) <small>EIN VERPFÄNDETES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Entweder seines an andere oder ein fremdes an ihn.</i> G<small>RUNDSTÜCK, SO SCHREIBE MAN DARÜBER EINEN</small> P<small>ROSBUL</small>. R. Ḥ<small>UÇPITH SAGT, MAN SCHREIBE FÜR DEN</small> E<small>HEMANN, WENN SEINE</small> F<small>RAU, FÜR DIE</small> W<small>AISEN, WENN DER</small> V<small>ORMUND EIN</small> G<small>RUNDSTÜCK BESITZT</small>.",
|
128 |
+
"VII. E<small>IN</small> B<small>IENENSTOCK WIRD, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, ALS</small> G<small>RUNDSTÜCK BE TRACHTET; MAN SCHREIBE DARÜBER EINEN</small> P<small>ROSBUL, ER NIMMT AUF SEINEM</small> P<small>LATZE KEINE</small> U<small>NREINHEIT AN, UND WER DARAUS AM</small> Š<small>ABBATH</small> H<small>ONIG NIMMT, IST SCHULDIG</small>. D<small>IE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, ER WERDE NICHT ALS</small> G<small>RUNDSTÜCK BETRACHTET; MAN SCHREIBE DARÜBER KEINEN</small> P<small>ROSBUL, ER NIMMT AUF SEINEM</small> P<small>LATZE</small> U<small>NREINHEIT AN, UND WER DARAUS AM</small> Š<small>ABBATH</small> H<small>ONIG NIMMT, IST FREI</small>.",
|
129 |
+
"VIII. W<small>ENN JEMAND IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE EINE</small> S<small>CHULD</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dh. eine durch das S. erlassene Schuld.</i><small>BEZAHLT, SO SAGE JENER: ‘ICH ERLASSE SIE DIR’; ERWIDERT DIESER: ‘DENNOCH</small> [<small>BEZAHLE ICH SIE</small>]’, <small>SO NEHME ER AN, DENN ES HEISST</small>:<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dt. 15,2.</i> <i>dieses ist das Wort des Erlasses</i>. E<small>BENSO SAGE EIN</small> T<small>OTSCHLÄGER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Num. 35,11 ff., Dt. 19,3ff.</i>, <small>WENN ER SICH IN EINE</small> A<small>SYLSTADT FLÜCHTET UND DIE</small> L<small>EUTE DER</small> S<small>TADT IHN EHREN WOLLEN, ZU IHNEN: ‘ICH BIN EIN</small> T<small>OTSCHLÄGER’; ERWIDERN DIESE: ‘DENNOCH’, SO NEHME ER ES VON IHNEN AN, DENN ES HEISST</small>: <sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dt. 19,4.</i><i>dieses ist das Wort des Totschlägers</i>.",
|
130 |
+
"IX. W<small>ER IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE EINE</small> S<small>CHULD ZURÜCKZAHLT, FINDET</small> W<small>OHLWOLLEN BEI DEN</small> W<small>EISEN</small>. W<small>ER VON EINEM</small> P<small>ROSELYTEN, DESSEN</small> K<small>INDER SICH MIT IHM BEKEHRT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\">In diesem Falle beerben sich Vater und Kinder gegenseitig nicht.</i><small>HABEN, GEBORGT HAT, BRAUCHT SEINEN</small> K<small>INDERN NICHTS ZURÜCKZUZAHLEN; ZAHLT ER ZURÜCK, SO FINDET ER</small> W<small>OHLWOLLEN BEI DEN</small> W<small>EISEN</small>. A<small>LLE BEWEGLICHEN</small> S<small>ACHEN WERDEN ERST DURCH DAS</small> A<small>NSICHZIEHEN ERWORBEN; WER ABER SEIN</small> W<small>ORT HÄLT, FINDET</small> W<small>OHLWOLLEN BEI DEN</small> W<small>EISEN</small>."
|
131 |
+
]
|
132 |
+
],
|
133 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
134 |
+
"Chapter",
|
135 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
136 |
+
]
|
137 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Sheviit/English/merged.json
ADDED
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1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Sheviit",
|
3 |
+
"language": "en",
|
4 |
+
"versionTitle": "merged",
|
5 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Sheviit",
|
6 |
+
"text": [
|
7 |
+
[
|
8 |
+
"Until when may they plow an orchard in the sixth year? Bet Shammai say: as long as such work will benefit the fruit. And Bet Hillel says: till Atzeret (Shavuot). The views of this [school] are close to those of the other.",
|
9 |
+
"What constitutes an orchard? Any field in which there are at least three trees for every bet seah. If each tree is capable of yielding a cake of pressed figs, the size of sixty in the Italian maneh, then the entire bet seah may be plowed for their sake. If less than this amount, they may only plow the area that is occupied by the gatherer when his basket is placed behind him.",
|
10 |
+
"Whether they are fruit-bearing trees or non-fruit-bearing trees, we treat them as if they were fig-trees. If they are capable of yielding a cake of pressed figs, the size of sixty in the Italian maneh, then the entire bet seah may be plowed for their sake. If less than this amount, they may plow them only for their own needs.",
|
11 |
+
"If one of the trees was capable of bearing a cake of dried figs [weighing sixty manehs], and the other two unable; or, if two could do so, but one cannot, then they may plow them only for their own needs. [This is the rule if the number of trees is] from three to nine, but if there were ten trees or more, whether they produce [the requisite amount of fruit or not] the whole bet seah may be plowed on their account. As it says: “In plowing and in harvesting, you shall rest” (Ex 34:21). It was unnecessary to state plowing and harvesting in the seventh year, rather [what it means is] the plowing of the year preceding which encroaches on the sabbatical year, and the harvest of the seventh year which extends into the year after. Rabbi Ishmael says: just as plowing is an optional act, so harvesting [referred to in the verse] is optional, thus excluding the harvesting of the omer [which is obligatory].",
|
12 |
+
"Three trees belonging to three persons, they join together and they may plow the entire bet seah on their account. What space should there be between them? Rabban Gamaliel says: sufficient for the driver of the herd to pass through with his implements.",
|
13 |
+
"If ten saplings are scattered over the entire area of a bet seah, they may plow the whole bet seah, even until Rosh Hashanah. But if they were arranged in a row or they were surrounded by a fence, they may plow them only for their own needs.",
|
14 |
+
"Saplings and gourds are counted together within space of a bet seah. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: if there are ten gourds in the bet seah they may plow the whole bet seah until Rosh Hashanah.",
|
15 |
+
"Up until when are they called saplings? Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah says: until they are permitted for common use. But Rabbi Joshua says: until they are seven years old. Rabbi Akiba says: [the word] sapling, [it goes] according to its name. A tree which had been cut down and then produced fresh shoots: if one handbreadth or less, they are regarded as saplings, if more than a handbreadth they are regarded as trees, the words of Rabbi Shimon."
|
16 |
+
],
|
17 |
+
[
|
18 |
+
"Until when may they plow a white field in the sixth year? Until the moisture has dried up in the soil, or as long as men still plow in order to plant cucumbers and gourds. Rabbi Shimon said: in that case you are placing the law in the hands of each man! Rather in the case of a white field until Pesah, and in the case of an orchard until Atzeret (Shavuot).",
|
19 |
+
"They may manure and hoe cucumbers and gourds until Rosh Hashanah. So too with regard to irrigated fields. They may remove flaws from trees, strip off leaves, cover roots with earth, and fumigate the plants until Rosh Hashanah. Rabbi Shimon says: one may also remove leaves from a grape cluster even in the seventh year itself.",
|
20 |
+
"They may clear away stones until Rosh Hashanah. They may trim, prune and remove [excess parts of the tree] until Rosh Hashanah. Rabbi Joshua says: just as one may trim and remove in the fifth year so too may one perform this work in the sixth year. Rabbi Shimon says: as long as I may legally tend the tree itself, I may remove [excess parts of it].",
|
21 |
+
"They may besmear saplings, wrap them around, and trim them, and they may make for them shelters and water them until Rosh Hashanah. Rabbi Elazar bar Zadok says: he may even water the foliage on the sabbatical year, but not the roots.",
|
22 |
+
"They may oil unripe figs and pierce them until Rosh Hashanah. Unripe figs of the sixth year which have [remained on the tree] until the seventh year, or of the seventh year which have remained on the tree until the eighth year, they may not oil them or pierce them. Rabbi Judah says: In a place where it was the custom to oil, one may not oil them, since that would be considered work; but in a place where it was not the custom to oil, they may oil them. Rabbi Shimon permitted in connection with the tree, because he is permitted to do all work for the tree.",
|
23 |
+
"They may not plant or sink [vine-shoots], or graft in the sixth year within thirty days of Rosh Hashanah. If he has planted or sank or grafted, he must uproot. Rabbi Judah says: any grafting that has not taken root within three days will never do so. Rabbi Yose and Rabbi Shimon say: two weeks.",
|
24 |
+
"Rice, millet, poppy and sesame that had taken root before Rosh Hashanah must be tithed according to the previous year, and are permissible in the seventh year. If they did not then they are forbidden in the seventh year, and are tithed according to the year following.",
|
25 |
+
"Rabbi Shimon Shezuri says: Egyptian beans which he sowed for seed only, are like them. Rabbi Shimon says: large beans, are [also] like them. But Rabbi Elazar says: large beans, if they began to form pods before Rosh Hashanah.",
|
26 |
+
"Seedless onions and Egyptian beans from which he withheld water for thirty days prior to Rosh Hashanah are tithed with the preceding year, and are permitted in the seventh year. And if not, they are forbidden in the seventh, and are tithed according to the following year. And [seedless onions and Egyptian beans grown in a] rain-irrigated field from which two periods of rain have been withheld, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: three.",
|
27 |
+
"Gourds which he had kept [in the ground] for seed: if they had hardened before Rosh Hashanah and had become unfit for human food, they may be kept during the seventh year; otherwise, they must not be kept in the seventh year. Their buds are forbidden in the seventh year. They may irrigate the soil of a white field (a grain field), the words of Rabbi Shimon. But Rabbi Elazar ben Jacob prohibits. They may soak the rice in the sabbatical year. Rabbi Shimon says: but they may not be trim [the rice]."
|
28 |
+
],
|
29 |
+
[
|
30 |
+
"From when may they bring out manure to the dung-heaps?From when the workers have ceased to work, the words of Rabbi Meir. But Rabbi Judah says: until the sweetness [of the manure] has dried up. Rabbi Yose says: until [the dung dries] into knots.",
|
31 |
+
"How much manure may they take out and make into dung-heaps? Three dung-heaps for every bet seah, [each consisting of] ten baskets [of foliage] of a letekh each. They may add to the number of baskets, but not to the number of heaps. Rabbi Shimon says: also to the number of heaps.",
|
32 |
+
"A man may deposit in his field three dung-heaps for every bet seah [and even] more, the words of Rabbi Shimon. The sages forbid unless he [deposits them] three [handbreadths] below or trhee handbreadths above. A man may pile up all the manure into one [large] store. Rabbi Meir forbids unless he [deposits them] three [handbreadths] below or trhee handbreadths above. If he had just a little, he may constantly add to it. Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah forbids unless he [deposits them] three [handbreadths] below or trhee handbreadths above or until he places them on a rock.",
|
33 |
+
"One who uses his field as a pen for cattle, he [first] makes an enclosure for every two bet se'ahs. He then uproots three sides, and leaves the middle side. It turns out that he has made a pen of four seahs. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: one of eight seahs. If his entire field is only four seahs in area, he must allow a portion of it to remain [unenclosed] for appearance's sake. And he may take the dung out from the enclosure, and spread across his field in the manner of those who fertilize their fields.",
|
34 |
+
"A man may not open a stone quarry within his field for the first time, unless there are in it three layers, each three [cubits long], three wide and three high, for a total of twenty-seven stones.",
|
35 |
+
"A wall that consists of ten stones, each a load for two men, may be removed, [if] the measurement of this wall is [at least] ten handbreadths high. Less than that he quarries it and he may lower it to within one handbreadth of the ground. When is this so? From his own field, but from that of another, he may remove whatever he wishes. When is this so? When he did not begin [to remove the stones] in the sixth year, but if he began in the sixth year, he may remove whatever he wishes.",
|
36 |
+
"Stones which the plow has turned up, or which had been covered and became uncovered, if there are among them at least two, [each] the load of two men, they may be removed. One who removes stones from his field, he removes the top layers, but he leave those touching the ground. And likewise a heap of pebbles, or a pile of stones; he may remove the top layers but must leave those touching the ground. If, however, there is beneath them rocky soil or stubble, they may be removed.",
|
37 |
+
"They may not build steps leading to ravines in the sixth year after the rains have stopped, for this would be improving the fields for the seventh year. But he may build in the seventh year itself, after the rains have stopped, for this would be a improving the fields for the eighth year. He may not block them [the steps] with earth, but he may make an embankment. Any stone which he can stick out his hand and pick up, may be removed.",
|
38 |
+
"Shoulder-stones may be removed from any place. And the contractor may bring them from anywhere. Which are shoulder-stones? Any one that cannot be picked up with one hand, the words of Rabbi Meir. But Rabbi Yose says: the name is to be taken literally; those that are carried on a man’s shoulder, either two or three at a time.",
|
39 |
+
"One who makes a fence between his own property and the public domain, he is allowed to dig down to rock level. What should he do with the soil? He piles it up in the public domain, and then restores it, the words of Rabbi Joshua. Rabbi Akiva says: just as no damage may be done to a public domain, so one may not repair it. Then what should he do with the soil? He heaps it up in his own field in the manner of those who bring out dung [for manure]. Similarly when one digs a cistern, a trench or a cave."
|
40 |
+
],
|
41 |
+
[
|
42 |
+
"At first they said: a man may gather wood, stones and grasses from his field, just as he was allowed to do from the field of his fellow, the large ones. When the transgressors increased, they decreed that this one may gather from this one’s field and this one may gather from this one’s field, but not as a [mutual] favor. It doesn’t need to be said that no stipulation can be made for food.",
|
43 |
+
"A field from which thorns had been removed may be sown in the eighth year. But if it had been improved upon, or cattle had been allowed to live upon it, it may not be sown in the eighth year. A field which had been improved upon in the seventh year: Bet Shammai says: they may not eat its produce in the seventh year, But Bet Hillel says: they may eat. Bet Shammai says: they may not eat produce of the sabbatical year with an expression of thanks. But Bet Hillel says: they may eat [sabbatical year produce] with an expression for thanks and without an expression of thanks. Rabbi Judah says: the statements must be reversed, for this is one of the instances where Bet Shammai is lenient and Bet Hillel is stringent.",
|
44 |
+
"They may rent newly plowed land from a Gentile in the seventh year, but not from an Israelite. And they may encourage Gentiles during the seventh year, but not Israelites. They may exchange greetings with them because of the ways of peace.",
|
45 |
+
"One who thins out his olive-trees [in the seventh year]: Bet Shammai says: he cuts them down to the ground. Bet Hillel says: he may completely uproot them. They agree that if one levels his field, he can only cut them down to the ground. What is considered “thinning out”? One or two plants. And what is considered “leveling”? Three plants next to each other. This applies to his own property only, but from the property of another, even he that levels may uproot.",
|
46 |
+
"One who cuts down branches of an olive tree, he may not cover up [the stump] with earth, but he may cover it with stones or straw. One who cuts down branches of a sycamore tree, he may not cover up [the stump] with earth, but he may cover it with stones or straw. One may not cut down from a virgin sycamore in the seventh year, for this would constitute actual labor. Rabbi Judah says: in its usual manner, it is forbidden. Rather he either cuts it ten handbreadths above [the soil], or he cuts it down to ground level.",
|
47 |
+
"One who trims grape vines, or cuts reeds: Rabbi Yose the Galilean says: he must leave [uncut at least] one handbreadth. But Rabbi Akiba says: he may cut them in the usual manner, with the axe, sickle or saw, or with whatever he pleases. A tree that had split may be tied up in the seventh year, not that it may heal, but only that it should not widen.",
|
48 |
+
"From when may one begin to eat of the fruit of the trees in the seventh year? With unripe figs as soon as they assume a rosy appearance, one may eat them in the field with his bread. Once they have begun to ripen, he may take them home. And similarly in the other years of the sabbatical cycle [when this latter stage has been reached] they are subject to tithes.",
|
49 |
+
"Unripe grapes: as soon as they contain juice he may eat them with bread in the field. When they have begun to ripen, he may take them home. And similarly in the other years of the sabbatical cycle [when they have reached this latter stage] they are subject to tithes.",
|
50 |
+
"Olives, as soon as they can produce a quarter log [of oil] for each se'ah, they may be split and eaten in a field. When they produce a half-log, then he may crush them in a field and use their oil. When they have reached a third [of their overall potential], they may be crushed in the field and brought home. And similarly in the other years of the sabbatical cycle [when they have reached this latter stage] they are subject to tithes. With all other fruit of trees [the season when they become due to be tithed] is the season when they are permitted in the seventh year.",
|
51 |
+
"From when may they no longer cut down trees in the seventh year? Bet Shammai says: every tree, after it has produced [fruit]. Bet Hillel says: carob trees after [the carobs] begin to droop, vines after the berries begin to be moist, olive-trees after they had blossomed, any other tree after it has produced [fruit]. And any tree as soon as it reaches the season for tithes it may be cut down. How much should be on an olive tree such that it may not be cut down? A quarter [kav]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: all depends on the olive-tree."
|
52 |
+
],
|
53 |
+
[
|
54 |
+
"White figs: their “sheviit” is in the second year [of the sabbatical year], since they ripen once in three years. Rabbi Judah says: Persian figs, their “sheviit” is in the year following the seventh year, since they ripen once in two years. Thereupon they said to him: this was said only of the species of white figs.",
|
55 |
+
"One who buries luf (a type of onion) in the soil during the sabbatical year: Rabbi Meir says: it must be not less than two seahs in quantity, three handbreadths in height, and covered with earth one handbreadth deep. The sages say: it must be not less than four kabs in quantity, one handbreadth high, and covered with earth one handbreadth deep. And he should bury it in a place where people walk.",
|
56 |
+
"Luf which has remained [in the ground until] after the passing of the seventh year: Rabbi Eliezer says: if the poor had gathered its leaves, then they have gathered. If not, then an account must be made with the poor. Rabbi Joshua says: if the poor had gathered its leaves, then they have gathered. If not, the poor have no account with him (the field owner).",
|
57 |
+
"Luf of the sixth year that has entered the seventh year, similarly summer onions and puah (madder) grown in good soil: Bet Shammai says: they must be uprooted with wooden rakes. Bet Hillel says: [even] with metal rakes. They agree in the case of puah with strong roots, that they may be uprooted with metal spades.",
|
58 |
+
"From when may one buy luf after the seventh year? Rabbi Judah says: immediately. But the sages say: [only] after the new crop has appeared.",
|
59 |
+
"These are the implements which a craftsman may not sell in the seventh year:A plow and all its [accompanying] implements, a yoke, a winnowing-fan, and a pickax. But he may sell a sickle used by hand, a scythe, and a cart with all its implements. This is the general principle: any tools designed for work involving a transgression [in the seventh year] is prohibited; but if for a forbidden and a permissible purpose, it may be [sold].",
|
60 |
+
"The potter may sell five oil-jars and fifteen wine-jars, for this is the usual amount one collects from ownerless produce. But if he brought more, it is still permitted. He may also sell [more jars] to Gentiles in the land of Israel and to Jews outside of the land.",
|
61 |
+
"Bet Shammai says: one must not sell him a plowing cow in the seventh year. But Bet Hillel permits, since he may slaughter it. One may sell him produce even at sowing time. And one may lend him a seah measure, even though he knows that he has a threshing-floor. One may exchange coins for him, even though he knows that he has workers. But all these things, if he expresses [that they will be used for unlawful purposes], then they are forbidden.",
|
62 |
+
"A woman may lend to her neighbor who is suspect of transgressing the laws of the sabbatical year, a sifter, a sieve, a hand-mill, or an oven. But she may not sift or grind with her. The wife of a haver may lend to the wife of an am haaretz a sifter and a sieve and may even sift, grind, or sift flour with her. But once she poured water [over the flour], she may not touch [it] with her, for one may not aid those who commit a transgression. And all these things were only allowed in the interests of peace. They may offer encouragement to Gentiles during the sabbatical year, but not to Jews. In the interests of peace, one may also offer greetings to Gentiles."
|
63 |
+
],
|
64 |
+
[
|
65 |
+
"[The land of Israel is divided into] three territories with regard to the sabbatical law.[Any produce grown in land] that was occupied by those who came up from Babylon, namely from Eretz Israel as far as Chezib, may not be eaten, nor [may its soil] be cultivated. [Any produce grown in land] that was occupied by those who came up from Egypt, namely from Chezib to the river, and until Amonah, may be eaten, but [its soil] may not be cultivated. From the river till Amonah and inwards, [produce] may be eaten and [the soil] cultivated.",
|
66 |
+
"In Syria, one may perform work on produce that has been detached, but not on produced attached [to the soil]. They may thresh, winnow, and tread [the grapes], or make [the grain] into sheaves, but they may not harvest [the crops], nor cut the grapes, nor harvest the olives. Rabbi Akiva said this principle: the kind of work that is permitted in Eretz Israel may also be done in Syria.",
|
67 |
+
"Onions on which rain fell and which had sprouted, if their leaves had turned black, they are forbidden; if they had become green they are permitted. Rabbi Hanina ben Antigonus says: if they can be plucked out by their leaves, they are forbidden. In the year after the sabbatical year, the like of these are permitted.",
|
68 |
+
"When may one buy vegetables at the outgoing of the sabbatical year [without fear that they are sabbatical produce]?When enough time has passed for similar [vegetables] to grow. Where produce ripens quickly, even that which is late in ripening is also permissible. Rabbi used to allow the buying of vegetables immediately after the sabbatical year was over.",
|
69 |
+
"One may not take oil [of terumah] that had to be burned, nor produce of the seventh year, from the land [of Israel] to other countries. Rabbi Shimon said: I have heard it expressly stated that they may be exported to Syria, but not to any other country outside the land.",
|
70 |
+
"They may not import terumah from outside the land of Israel into Israel. Rabbi Shimon said: I have heard it expressly stated that they may be bring from Syria, but not from any other country outside the land."
|
71 |
+
],
|
72 |
+
[
|
73 |
+
"They said an important general principle with regard to the sabbatical year: anything that is food for man or beast, or a species [of plants] used for dyeing, and cannot be left growing in the soil, the law of the sabbatical year is applied both to it and to its money substitute and the law of removal applies both to it and to its money substitute. Which are they? The leaves of the wild luf, the leaf of ceterach, endives, leeks, portulaca, and netz hahalav. What is the food for cattle? Thorns and thistles. What is species of dyeing matter? Aftergrowths of woad and madder. The law of the seventh year applies both to them and to their money-substitutes and the law of removal applies both to them and to their money substitute.",
|
74 |
+
"And they said yet another general principle: Anything that is food for man or beast, or is used for dyeing, but can be left in the soil, the law of the sabbatical year applies both to it and to its money substitute but the law of removal does not apply to it or to its money substitute. Which are these? The root of wild luf, the root of ceterach, scolopendrium, the root of netz hahalav and buchreyah. What is the species of dyeing matter? Puah (madder) and reseda. The law of the sabbatical year applies both to them and to their money substitute but the law of removal does not apply to them or to their money substitute. Rabbi Meir says: their money substitutes must be removed by Rosh Hashanah. They said to him: since this law does not apply to the plants themselves, all the more so it does not apply to their money-substitute.",
|
75 |
+
"The peels and the blossom of the pomegranate, the nutshells, and fruit seeds the laws of sabbatical produce apply to them and to their money substitutes. The dyer may use them for himself, but he may not dye with them for a wage, since one may not engage in business with seventh year produce, or with first-born animals, or with terumah, or with nevelah, or with trefah, or with reptiles or with creeping things. One should not buy field-vegetables and sell them in the market. But he may gather them and have his son sell them on his behalf. If he gathered them for his own use, and some remains over, he may sell them.",
|
76 |
+
"If one buys a first-born animal for his son’s [wedding] feast, or for a festival, and then decides that he has no need for it, he may sell it. Trappers of wild animals, birds and fishes, who chanced upon unclean species, may sell them. Rabbi Judah says: also a man who happened to chance one upon by accident may buy or sell, provided that he does not make this into his regular profession. But the sages prohibit.",
|
77 |
+
"The lulavim of hawthorn trees and carobs the laws of sheviit apply to them and to their money substitutes, the law of removal applies to them and to their money substitutes. The lulavim of the terebinth, the pistachio tree and the white thorn, the laws of sheviit apply to them and to their money substitutes, but the law of removal does not apply to them and to their money substitutes. But as for the leaves the law of removal applies, since they fall from their stem.",
|
78 |
+
"The rose, henna, balsam, the lotus tree the laws of sheviit apply to them and to their money substitutes. Rabbi Shimon says: sheviit does not apply to the balsam, since it is not a fruit.",
|
79 |
+
"If a new rose has been preserved in old oil, the rose may be taken out. But if an old rose was preserved in new oil, it is subject to the law of removal. New carobs preserved in old wine, or old carobs in new wine, are subject to the law of removal. This is the general principle: Any thing that imparts taste, he must remove it if it is one kind mixed with a different kind. But if it is mixed with the identical kind, then [the whole is subject to removal] even if only the smallest quantity exists. Sabbatical year produce renders similar kinds prohibited even [if it exists] in the smallest quantity. But if of different species only when it imparts taste."
|
80 |
+
],
|
81 |
+
[
|
82 |
+
"They said an important general principle with regard to the sabbatical year: Anything that is usually designated as food for humans, one may not make a poultice of it for a person. And there is no need to say [that he may not make a poultice of it] for a beast. Anything that is not usually designated as for food for humans may be used as a poultice for a person, but not for cattle. And anything not usually designated either for humans or for animals, but now he thought to use it as food for either a person or an animal, we impose upon it the stringent laws applying both to people and beasts. If he thought to use it as wood [for a fire], behold it is treated as wood [and the laws of sheviit do not apply]; for example, savory, hyssop, or thyme.",
|
83 |
+
"Sabbatical year produce may be used for food, drink and for anointing. That which is usually eaten can be used for food only; that which is usually used for anointing can be used only for anointing, and that which is usually used for drinking can be used for drink only. One may not anoint with wine and vinegar, but he may anoint with oil. So too with terumah and second tithe. Greater leniency was applied to [oil of] the seventh year, since it can be used for lamp-kindling.",
|
84 |
+
"Produce of the seventh year may not be sold by measure, weight or number. Neither may figs [be sold] by number, nor vegetables by weight. Bet Shammai says: they may not be sold, even in bundles. But Bet Hillel says: that which is usually tied in bundles [to bring] to the house may even be tied into bundles for the market, such as leeks and netz hahalav.",
|
85 |
+
"If one says to a worker: “Take this issar and gather vegetables for me today,” his payment is permitted. [But if he said:] “In return for this [issar], gather vegetables for me today,” then his payment is forbidden. If one bought a loaf from a baker worth a pondion [and said:] “When I have gathered vegetables from the field, I will bring them to you,” this is permitted. If he bought it from him without any explanation, he may not pay him his debt with the value of seventh year produce, for no debt can be paid with the value of seventh year produce.",
|
86 |
+
"They may not pay [sheviit proceeds to] a well-digger, an attendant at a public bath, a barber, or a sailor. But he may give them to well-digger so that the well-digger will provide him with drink. To all of them he may give it as a gift.",
|
87 |
+
"Sabbatical figs may not be cut in the muktzeh, but he may cut them in an open place. Grapes may not be trodden in the wine-press, but they may be trodden in a kneading-trough. Olives may not be prepared in an olive-press or in a small olive-press, but he may crush them and bring them into a small olive-press in the field. Rabbi Shimon says: they may even be crushed in the [larger] olive-press, and then he brings them into the smaller press.",
|
88 |
+
"One may not cook sheviit vegetables in oil of terumah lest they become invalidated. But Rabbi Shimon permits it. The last thing exchanged is always subject to the sabbatical law, and the produce itself remains forbidden.",
|
89 |
+
"One might not buy slaves, land, or an unclean beast with sheviit money. If he did buy he must [buy and] eat [food] for their equivalent. One may not bring the bird-offerings of a zav or a zavah, or of a woman after childbirth with sheviit money. If he did bring he must [buy and] eat [food] for their equivalent. One may not anoint vessels with oil of seventh year produce. If he did annoint he must [buy and] eat [food] for their equivalent.",
|
90 |
+
"A hide which they oiled with seventh year oil: Rabbi Eliezer says: it must be burnt; But the sages say: he must [buy and] eat [food] for its equivalent. They said in front of Rabbi Akiba: Rabbi Eliezer used to say, A hide which they smeared with seventh year oil must be burnt. He replied: Silence! I won’t tell you what Rabbi Eliezer actually said in this connection.",
|
91 |
+
"They also said in front of him: Rabbi Eliezer use to say: “Whoever eats bread [baked] by Samaritans is like one who eats the flesh of a pig.” He replied: Silence! I won’t tell you what Rabbi Eliezer actually said in this connection.",
|
92 |
+
"A bath heated with straw or stubble of the seventh year, it is permitted to wash in it. But if he is an important man, he should not wash in it. \n"
|
93 |
+
],
|
94 |
+
[
|
95 |
+
"Rue, goosefoot, purslane, hill coriander, celery, and meadow-berries, are exempt from tithes. And they may be purchased from anyone during the sabbatical year, since such produce is not usually stored. Rabbi Judah says: aftergrowths of mustard are permitted, since transgressors are not suspected concerning them. Rabbi Shimon says: all aftergrowths are permitted, with the exception of the aftergrowths of cabbage, since such cannot be placed within the category of field-vegetables. But the sages say: all aftergrowths are forbidden.",
|
96 |
+
"There are three territories in respect to the law of removal [of sheviit produce]: [these are]: Judea, Transjordan, and Galilee, and there are three territories in each one. Upper Galilee, lower Galilee, and the valley. From Kefar Hananiah upwards, the region where sycamores do not grow, is Upper Galilee. From Kefar Hananiah downwards, where the sycamores do grow, is Lower Galilee. The borders of Tiberias are the valley. Those of Judea are: the mountain region, the plains [of the south], and the valley. The plains of Lod are like the plains of the south, and its mountain region is like the king's hill-country. From Bet Horon to the sea is considered as one land.",
|
97 |
+
"Why did they speak of three territories? So that they may eat in each country until the last of the seventh year produce in that country is ended. Rabbi Shimon says: they have spoken of three countries only in the case of Judea, but all other territories are to be regarded as King’s mountain (Har Hamelekh). And all other territories are the same with regard to the olive and date.",
|
98 |
+
"One may eat by virtue of similar produce regarded as ownerless [still found in the fields], but not when it was stored [and declared ownerless]. Rabbi Yose permits even when it was stored [and then declared ownerless]. One may continue to eat by virtue of the poor grains [that grow between the grass], or by virtue of the trees that yield bi-annually, but one must not eat by virtue of winter-grapes. Rabbi Judah permits provided they began to ripen before the summer [of the seventh year] had ended.",
|
99 |
+
"One who preserved three kinds of vegetables in one jar: Rabbi Eliezer says they may be eaten only so long as the first still remains [in the field]. But Rabbi Joshua says: even so long as the last remains. Rabban Gamaliel says: when the like kind is no longer to be found in the field, the same kind in the jar must be removed, [and the halachah agrees with him.] Rabbi Shimon says: all vegetables are regarded as one [kind] in respect of the law of removal. Purslane may be eaten until there is no more wild purslane in the valley of Bet Netopha.",
|
100 |
+
"If one gathered moist herbs, he may eat them until the sweet [herbs in the field] have dried up. And if he gathered dry [herbs], [he may eat them] until the second rainfall. Leaves of reeds and of leaves of the vine [may be eaten] until they fall from the stems. But if he gathered them dry, they may be eaten until the second rainfall. Rabbi Akiba says: in all these cases, [they may be eaten] until the second rainfall.",
|
101 |
+
"Similarly, if one rents a house to someone “until the rains,” he means until the second rainfall. Or if one had vowed not to derive any benefit from his friend “until the rains” [he is prohibited] until the second rainfall. Until when may the poor enter the orchards? Until the second rainfall. And when may one begin to enjoy or burn the straw and stubble of sabbatical produce? After the second rainfall.",
|
102 |
+
"If one had sabbatical produce [at home] and the time of removal had come, he may give out food for three meals to every one. Rabbi Judah says: the poor may eat from it even after the removal, but not the rich. But Rabbi Yose says: both the poor and the rich may eat after the removal.",
|
103 |
+
"If one had inherited seventh year produce or had received them as a gift: Rabbi Eliezer says: they must be given to anyone who eats them. But the sages say: the sinner must not benefit, rather it should be sold to anyone who eats it, and its price divided among everyone. If one eats dough of seventh year [produce] before the hallah was taken from it, he has incurred thereby the death penalty [at the hands of heaven]."
|
104 |
+
],
|
105 |
+
[
|
106 |
+
"The sabbatical year cancels a debt written in a document or one not written in a document. A debt to a shop is not cancelled, but if it had been converted into the form of a loan, then it is cancelled. Rabbi Judah says: the former debt is always cancelled. A wage-debt to a worker is not cancelled, but if it had been converted into a loan it is cancelled. Rabbi Yose says: the [payment for] any work that must cease with the seventh year, is cancelled, but if it need not cease with the seventh year, then it is not cancelled.",
|
107 |
+
"One who slaughters a cow and divides it up on Rosh Hashanah [at the end of the seventh year]: If the month had been intercalated, [the debt] is remitted. But if it had not been intercalated, it is not remitted. [Fines for] rape, for seduction, for defamation, and all other obligations arising from legal procedure, are not remitted. One who loans and takes a pledge, and one who hands over his debt documents to a court, [these debts] are not remitted.",
|
108 |
+
"[A loan secured by] a prozbul is not cancelled. This was one of the things enacted by Hillel the elder; for when he observed people refraining from lending to one another, and thus transgressing what is written in the Torah, “Beware, lest you harbor the base thought, [‘The seventh year, the year of remission, is approaching,’ so that you are mean to your needy kinsman and give him nothing.” Hillel enacted the prozbul.",
|
109 |
+
"This is the formula of the prozbul: “I turn over to you, so-and-so, judges of such and such a place, that any debt that I may have outstanding, I shall collect it whenever I desire.” And the judges sign below, or the witnesses.",
|
110 |
+
"A pre-dated prozbul is valid, but a post-dated one, is invalid. Pre-dated loan documents [of loans] are invalid, but post-dated one valid. If one borrows from five persons, then he writes a separate prozbul for each [creditor]. But if five borrow from the same person, then he writes only one prozbul for them all.",
|
111 |
+
"A prozbul is written only for [a debt secured by] land. But if [the debtor] has none, then [the creditor] can give him title to a share, however small, of his own field. If he had land in pledge in a city, a prozbul can be written on it. Rabbi Hutzpit says: a prozbul may be written for a man on the security of his wife's property, or for an orphan on the security of property belonging to his guardian.",
|
112 |
+
"A bee-hive:Rabbi Eliezer says: Behold, it is like land and a prozbul may be written [using it as security] and it is not susceptible to uncleanness while it remains in its place, and one who takes honey from it on Shabbat is liable. But the sages say: it is not like land, a prozbul may not be written [using it as security], it is susceptible to uncleanness while in its place, and one who takes honey from it on Shabbat is exempt.",
|
113 |
+
"One who returns a debt [after] the seventh year, the [creditor] must say to [the debtor]: “I remit it.” But [the debtor] should say: “Even so [I will repay it].” [The creditor] may then accept it from him, because it says: “And this is the word of the release” (Deuteronomy 15:2). Similarly, when [an accidental] killer has been exiled to a city of refuge, and the citizens want to honor him, he must say to them: “I am a murderer.” If they say: “Even so, [we want to honor you], then he may accept [the honor] from them, because it says: “And this is the word of the murderer” (Deuteronomy 19:4).",
|
114 |
+
"One who repays his debts after the seventh year, the sages are pleased with him. One who borrows from a convert whose sons had converted with him, the debt need not be repaid to his sons, but if he returns it the sages are pleased with him. All movable property can be acquired [only] by the act of drawing, but whoever fulfills his word, the sages are well pleased with him."
|
115 |
+
]
|
116 |
+
],
|
117 |
+
"versions": [
|
118 |
+
[
|
119 |
+
"Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
|
120 |
+
"http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/"
|
121 |
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|
122 |
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/English/Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr].json
ADDED
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{
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"language": "en",
|
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"title": "Mishnah Terumot",
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"versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH002182155/NLI",
|
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"versionTitle": "Le Talmud de Jérusalem, traduit par Moise Schwab, 1878-1890 [fr]",
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"text": [
|
19 |
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[
|
20 |
+
"Les cinq personnes suivantes ne peuvent pas accomplir la cérémonie de l’oblation sacerdotale<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli Shabat 153b.</i>, sous peine de nullité. Ce sont le sourd, l’idiot, l’enfant<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. ci-après, 3</i>, celui qui opère sur ce qui ne lui appartient pas, l’idolâtre qui prélève du blé d’un Israélite<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Yebamot 113aÊ; Gitin 82b.</i>, même avec l’autorisation de ce dernier; dans tous ces cas, l’oblation prélevée est nulle.",
|
21 |
+
"Le sourd qui parle mais n’entend pas<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">31</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Il faut pouvoir entendre la formule de bénédiction dite pendant l’opération (voir t. 1, p. 281).</i>, ne doit pas prélever ladite oblation; si cependant un tel fait a été accomplie (par inadvertance), il est valable. En général, lorsque les sages parlent<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">32</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Babli, Hagigha, 2bÊ; Megila 19b.</i> du sourd (dont les actes n’aient pas de valeur), il s’agit du sourd-muet (de naissance). D’après qui a-t-il fallu enseigner cela? D’après R. Yossé<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">33</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Toute l’argumentation qui suit se trouve déjà en (Berakhot 2, 4) (t. 1, PÊ; 38-39), auquel n. renvoyons, ainsi qu’en Meghilla de la mme série, 2, 4 ( 73b).</i>.",
|
22 |
+
"Quant à l’enfant<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">35</sup><i class=\"footnote\">A 13 ans et un jour, au moins. Cf. Babli, Nida, 46b.</i> qui n’a pas atteint la puberté (sine duo pilis), selon R. Juda, son opération est valable (en cas de fait accompli). Selon R. Yossé au contraire, l’opération est annulée si l’enfant n’a pas encore atteint l’âge où ses vœux sont valables (12 ans passés); mais, après cette époque, son acte est valable.",
|
23 |
+
"On ne doit pas prendre des olives<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Sur lesquelles le prélèvement n’est pas encore opéré.</i> pour libérer l’oblation sacerdotale due sur l’huile, ni des raisins pour libérer du vin<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> En principe, on se sert de fruits pour prélever l’oblation due sur des fruits analoguesÊ; et l’on prend une part d’un liquide, lorsqu’il s’agit d’affranchir ce dernier produit déjà fabriqué. Ici, il s’agit de l’hypothèse o l’on a voulu libérer simultanément les 2 sortes de produits.</i>. En cas de fait accompli, selon l’école de Shammaï, les olives seules (ou les raisins seuls) sont considérées comme affranchies des droits; mais, selon l’école de Hillel, toute l’opération est nulle (parce que l’on a voulu à tort y comprendre l’huile).",
|
24 |
+
"Il est défendu de recourir, pour fournir l’oblation sacerdotale<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Pour l’accomplissment de ce précepte, on doit employer une partie d’un bien propre, et non de ce qui est aux pauvres, ou abandonné à tout venant.</i>, aux produits du glanage, de l’oubli, de la pea, de l’abandon (pendant la 7e année agraire), de la première dîme dont l’oblation n’a pas été prélevée<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Il s’agit de la part d’oblation due au sacerdote par le lévite sur son bien. Or, s’il prenait de la dme qu’il a reçue avant d’en avoir prélevé la part sacerdotale, ou le 100e, il ferait tort au sacerdote d’une parcelle comprise dans cette denière part. Il faut, au préalable, prélever ce 100e intactÊ; puis, le lévite l’emploiera à tel usage qu’il voudra.</i>, de la 2e dîme ou de la sainteté non rachetée, ni de ce qui est soumis aux droits<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Par exemple, des fruits parvenus à maturité.</i> pour ce qui ne l’est pas, ni de cette dernière sorte pour ce qui est obligatoire, ni de ce qui est coupé<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Qidushin 62aÊ; Rosh Hashana 12b.</i> pour ce qui ne l’est pas, ou vice-versa, ni du neuf pour le vieux<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Le produit de cette année, ou le nouveau, n’est pas semblable à celui de l’an précédent et ne peut servir à la libérer. Cf. Babli, Rosh Hashana 12b.</i>, ou vice-versa, ni des produits palestiniens pour ceux qui sont importés du dehors<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Comme il est dit (Lv 27, 30)Ê: ÒÊtoute dme de la terre, du grain de la terreÊÓ, on en déduit que la redevance pour dme ou tout autre droit doit tre soldée par des produits de la terre sainte.Cf. Sifri, ou Midrash sur les (Nb section Korah, n¡ 120</i>, ou vice-versa. Si pourtant, en ces divers cas, l’opération a eu lieu (par inadvertance), elle est nulle.",
|
25 |
+
"Les 5 personnes suivantes ne peuvent pas accomplir la cérémonie de l’oblation sacerdotale, sous peine de nullité. Ce sont: le muet (non sourd), l’homme ivre, l’homme nu, l’aveugle, l’affecté de gonorrhée<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dans ces divers cas, on ne saurait dire la formule de bénédiction récitée pendant le prélèvement.</i>. Cependant, en cas de fait accompli, l’acte est valable.",
|
26 |
+
"Il ne faut, en prélevant, ni mesurer, ni peser, ni compter le don; mais on prélève l’oblation (approximative) sur les produits mesurés, pesés ou comptés<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Selon la prescription légale, la quantité de l’oblation est interminée.</i>. On n’emploie, pour cette opération, ni panier, ni hotte servant de mesure; mais on en prélève la moitié ou le tiers. On ne prélèvera pas la moitié d’un saa; car cette moitié même sert de mesure parfois.",
|
27 |
+
"On ne doit pas (en principe) employer de l’huile pour libérer de l’oblation les olives écrasées au mortier, ni du vin pour les raisins foulés (devant fournir du vin plus tard); cependant, en cas de fait accompli, l’acte est valable (au point de vue légal), et l’on prélève une 2e fois (par ordre rabbinique, lorsque la fabrication de l’huile et du vin est achevée). La première oblation, en ce cas, est tellement sacrée qu’elle constituerait un mélange interdit à la consommation des non-sacerdotes (si elle était mêlée à moins de cent parts de produits égaux profanes); si l’on en mangeait, il faudrait restituer (outre le capital) un 5e en supplément de rachat. La 2e oblation n’entraîne aucune de ces conséquences (n’étant pas légale).",
|
28 |
+
"On peut employer de l’huile pour libérer des olives confites, ou du vin pour des raisins destinés à être séchés. Lorsqu’on a prélevé l’oblation par de l’huile pour des olives destinées à être consommées en nature, ou si l’on a employé du vin pour libérer des raisins ayant la même destination, ou encore des raisins pour libérer les mêmes raisins, et qu’ensuite changeant d’idée on destine ces produits à la fabrication, il n’est pas besoin d’un nouveau prélèvement.",
|
29 |
+
"On ne doit pas se servir d’un produit dont le travail préparatoire est terminé pour libérer un produit qui ne serait pas aussi avancé, ni à l’inverse, ni d’un produit pour un autre inachevé. Cependant, en cas de fait accompli l’acte est valable."
|
30 |
+
],
|
31 |
+
[
|
32 |
+
"On ne doit pas, pour prélever l’oblation, employer des produits purs afin de libérer ce qui est devenu impur (de crainte des contacts); mais, en cas de fait accompli, l’acte est valable. Voici pourtant une règle établie: lorsqu’un morceau d’un gâteau de figues est devenu impur, on peut libérer cette dernière partie en prélevant de ce qui est pur; et l’on agit de même pour une botte de verdure, ou un monceau. Mais s’il y a 2 gâteaux de figues, ou deux bottes, ou deux monceaux, dont l’un est pur et l’autre impur, il n’est pas permis de prélever de l’un pour libérer l’autre; selon R. Eliézer, au contraire, il est permis d’employer le pur pour libérer l’impur.",
|
33 |
+
"On ne doit pas employer un produit devenu impur<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">70</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Le cohen ne pouvant rien consommer d’impur, serait lésé, s’il en recevait. Comp. Babli, Pessahim 33aÊ; Menahot 25b.</i> pour libérer le pur. Au cas où c’est fait par erreur, l’acte est valable; mais, s’il a été accompli en connaissance de cause, l’acte est nul. De même, lorsqu’un lévite ayant de la dîme non affranchie du 100e d’oblation s’en sert pour libérer des autres produits, son action est valable si elle a été accomplie par inadvertance, mais elle ne l’est pas, si c’est fait avec intention<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">71</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Il serait privé de ce qui lui revient du lévite à titre de 100e d’oblation. Selon une autre explication, il s’agirait de produits devenus impurs, également inaccessibles au cohenÊ: ce qui lui constituerait un préjudice.</i>. Selon R. Juda, dès que l’on a su en principe que c’est inaffranchi, l’eut-il même oublié ensuite (lors de l’opération), son acte est nul.",
|
34 |
+
"Si le samedi on passe au bain<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">75</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Babli, Shabat 38aÊ; Betsa, 14b.</i> des ustensiles (opération de pureté interdite en ce jour), on peut s’en servir en cas de fait accompli par erreur; mais c’est interdit en cas de transgression volontaire. Celui qui aura rédimé des produits (qui les aura rendus aptes à la consommation), ou les aura fait cuire au jour du Shabat par inadvertance, pourra en manger<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">76</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Il est bien entendu que, pour la question de cuisson, l’autorisation est différée jusqu’au samedi soir. Cf. Babli, Gitin 54a.</i>, mais c’est interdit en cas de transgression volontaire. Celui qui aura planté en ce jour par erreur pourra maintenir en terre les produits; mais si son acte a été intentionnel, il faut arracher le plant. Quant aux travaux agricoles accomplis en la 7e année (pour lesquels on est en général moins digne de foi), on n’établit pas de distinction entre l’action involontaire et celle qui ne l’est pas, et en tous cas, il faut tout arracher.",
|
35 |
+
"Il est interdit de libérer une espèce de produits avec un autre<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Babli, Bekhorot 53bÊ; Temoura, 5a.</i>, sous peine de nullité (en tous cas). Toutes les sortes de froment forment une seule (sans distinction de couleur), ainsi que les diverses espèces de figues, vertes, sèches, ou en gâteau; et l’on se sert de l’une pour libérer l’autre. Dans les localités où il y a un cohen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Babli, trÊ; Menahot 55a.</i>, on prélève les objets les plus beaux (verts); là où il n’y en a pas, on préfère ce qui se conserve le mieux (sec). Selon R. Juda, on prélève en tous cas le plus beau.",
|
36 |
+
"Mieux vaux prélever (pour l’oblation) un petit oignon entier (qui se conserve) que la moitié d’un grand<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">91</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Voir Babli, Berakhot 39b.</i>. Selon R. Juda, au contraire, l’inverse vaut mieux. De même, R. Juda disait: on prélève des oignons de la ville (meilleurs au goût), pour libérer ceux de la campagne (qui se conservent); mais l’on ne doit pas agir à l’inverse, car la première sorte forme un mets délicat politicon.",
|
37 |
+
"On prélève des olives conservées à l’huile (supérieures) pour libérer des olives confites (ordinaires), mais non à l’inverse, de même, on se sert de vin non cuit (meilleur à boire) pour libérer le vin cuit, mais on n’opère pas à l’inverse. Voici la règle: tout ce qui joint à une autre sorte constituerait avec elle (comme semailles) un mélange hétérogène interdit ne peut pas non plus servir à libérer de l’oblation sacerdotale l’autre produit, même en se servant du beau pour libérer le mauvais; si les 2 sortes réunies ne constituent pas un mélange interdit, on prendra du beau pour libérer le mauvais, mais non à l’inverse; cependant, pour ce dernier, en cas de fait accompli (par erreur), l’acte est valable<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Temoura 5b.</i>, sauf si l’on a employé de l’ivraie<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ou vesce. Cf. (Kilayim 1, 1), note 1</i> pour du froment, ce qui n’est pas un objet de consommation. Les concombres<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. ibid. 1, 2 Maïmonide, comme équivalent des concombres et courges, ou melon, donne un mot arabe pour lequel Freytage n’a que l’interprétationÊ: ÒÊCassia fistula, arborÊÓ.</i> et les courges mhlopepwn forment une espèce (pouvant servir à libérer); selon R. Juda, ce sont deux espèces (dont l’union est interdite)."
|
38 |
+
],
|
39 |
+
[
|
40 |
+
"Si l’on prélève les courges<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Babli, Yebamot 89aÊ; Qidushin 47b.</i> pour l’oblation et qu’elles se trouvent être amères, ou un potiron et qu’il est tourné, l’objet prélevé est considéré comme oblation (interdite aux usages profanes), mais il faut la prélever à nouveau (pour ne pas léser le cohen). Si après avoir prélevé d’un tonneau de vin, il se trouve que c’est du vinaigre<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Soit 2 espèces distinctes dont l’une ne peut pas servir à libérer l’autre.</i>, au cas où il est notoire que c’était déjà du vinaigre avant le prélèvement, l’oblation est nulle; au cas contraire, où le vin est aigri après le prélèvement, l’opération est valable. En cas de doute, l’objet prélevé est sacré<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> En ce cas, le cohen restitue au propriétaire le montant du 1er don.</i>, mais il faut un nouveau prélèvement pour dédommager le sacerdote. La première oblation, en ce cas, n’est pas tellement sacrée qu’elle constituerait un mélange, interdit à la consommation des non-sacerdotes (si elle était mêlée à moins de cent parts de produits égaux profanes); et il n’est pas dû de 5e supplémentaire (outre le capital) si l’on en mange; il en est de même pour la 2e oblation.",
|
41 |
+
"Si l’une de ces 2 oblations se trouve mêlée à des objets profanes, cela ne constitue pas un mélange interdit; et de même si la seconde se trouve mêlée n’importe où. Si toutes deux se trouvent mêlées à une quantité d’autres produits, le mélange est constitué proportionnellement à la plus petite oblation, ou 2e (c.-à-d. s’il y a cent fois autant d’objets profanes que la 2e oblation, on en prélève l’équivalent de deux oblations que l’on remet au cohen, et le reste redevient accessible à tous; s’il y a moins de cent, tout le mélange est interdit).",
|
42 |
+
"Si 2 associés ont chacun prélevé<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Babli, Temoura 13a.</i> successivement l’oblation, chacune est valable (par moitié selon R. aqiba); au contraire, selon les autres sages, la 1ère seule compte. R. Yossé dit: si le 1er a prélevé l’oblation selon la mesure prescrite (1/50), la 2e est nulle; au cas contraire, la 2e seule est valable.",
|
43 |
+
"Dans quel cas est-il dit que les 2 oblations sont valables ? lorsque le premier associé ne s’est pas entendu avec le second. Mais s’il a chargé de ce prélèvement un membre de sa famille, ou son serviteur ou sa servante, l’oblation est valable. S’il a annulé le premier ordre donné, avant son exécution, l’acte est annulé; s’il a prononcé l’annulation après l’accomplissement de cet acte, celui-ci est valable. Les ouvriers qui doivent préparer les produits pour la consommation ne sont pas aptes à prélever l’oblation, à l’exception des ouvriers compagnons du pressoir, de crainte que des propriétaires (peu soucieux de la pureté) ne rendent tout le pressoir impur dès l’abord.",
|
44 |
+
"Si quelqu’un déclare que l’oblation due sur ce monceau de blé y soit contenue<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Babli, Eruvin 37b.</i>, ainsi que la dîme et le centième de dîme, cette désignation nominale suffit, selon R. Simon; au contraire, selon les autres sages, il faut désigner l’emplacement en indiquant le nord ou le sud. Selon R. Eliezer Hasma, la désignation nominale est valable en disant seulement que l’on réserve dans le monceau de blé la part sacerdotale. Selon R. Eliezer b. Jacob, la désignation est valable lorsque l’on dit<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Lorsqu’un lévite veut fixer ce qu’il doit au cohen.</i> que la dîme de cette dîme doivent former l’oblation de la dîme, ou 100e.",
|
45 |
+
"Si par une anticipation erronée on a prélevé l’oblation<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">113</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Babli, Temoura 5a.</i> avant les prémices, ou la 1re dîme avant l’oblation, ou la 2e dîme avant la première, ce qui est fait est valable, quoique l’on transgresse une interdiction, parce qu’il est dit (Ex 22, 28): Tu ne tarderas pas à offrir de ton abondance (blé) et de les liqueurs<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">114</sup><i class=\"footnote\">L’ordre rigoureux est indispensable.</i>.",
|
46 |
+
"Comment sait-on que la remise des prémices doit précéder l’oblation sacerdotale? C’est qu’il est dit de l’une et de l’autre: oblation et principe (Dt 12, 27 ); (Ex 23, 19 ); (Nb 18, 4); mais les prémices doivent précéder, parce que ce sont les premiers fruits mûrs<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">115</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ou encore, il faut tenir compte de ce que ce précepte est exprimé dans la Bible ((Ex 23, 27)) avant les autres.</i>. De même, l’oblation doit précéder la première dîme, parce qu’elle est qualifiée de “principe”; et cette dîme, ou celle des Lévites précède la seconde (que l’on consomme à Jérusalem), parce qu’elle contient une parcelle de ce principe (ou 100e d’oblation dû au sacerdote).\r",
|
47 |
+
"Si quelqu’un a l’intention de prélever la terouma et que (par erreur) il déclare prélever la dîme<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Pessahim 63a.</i>, ou à l’inverse, ou s’il a l’intention d’offrir un holocauste et qu’il formule le vœu d’apporter un sacrifice pacifique, ou à l’inverse, ou s’il veut s’interdire l’accès de telle maison et qu’il désigne telle autre maison, ou s’il veut s’interdire toute jouissance de tel individu, et qu’il exprime le nom de tel autre, aucun de ces vœux n’est valable, jusqu’à ce que sa pensée et son expression soient les mêmes.",
|
48 |
+
"Si l’idolâtre ou le samaritain ont prélevé de leurs produits l’oblation sacerdotale<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Babli, Qidushin 41bÊ; Gitin 23b.</i> ou la dîme, ou s’ils ont déclaré sacrés quelques produits, leurs actes sont valable; Selon R. Juda, l’idolâtre n’a pas à tenir compte du précepte de la plantation de 4e année; mais selon les autres sages, ce précepte subsiste aussi pour lui. Lorsque cette oblation d’idolâtre se mêle à moins de cent parts profanes<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ib. Qidushin 41b.</i>, le mélange est interdit; et si un étranger en mange par mégarde, il doit un 5e en supplément du capital. R. Simon l’en dispense."
|
49 |
+
],
|
50 |
+
[
|
51 |
+
"Après avoir prélevé une partie de l’oblation (p. ex. 1/100e) ou de la dîme, on peut continuer à libérer par la même quantité ce qui reste dû (de quoi compléter 1/50), mais on ne pourra pas s’en servir pour libérer une autre quantité égale<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> On craint d’employer à ce but une partie déjà libéréeÊ; l’on doit prendre de l’inaffranchi.</i>. Selon R. Meir, c’est permis même pour libérer une autre quantité.",
|
52 |
+
"Si quelqu’un ayant ses fruits au grenier<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Terme employé par le prophète (Ag 2, 19)</i> en remet une mesure (saa) au lévite et une autre mesure au pauvre (et que l’ouvrier compagnon, soucieux de la remise de tous les prélèvements, l’a vu), l’on peut en manger jusqu’à 8 saas (avec la conviction que toute cette quantité est bien libérée). Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Selon les autres sages, au contraire, on ne suppose libérée que la mesure du présent repas (pas davantage). -<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> La guemara de ce se retrouve textuellement en (Demaï 7, 3).</i>",
|
53 |
+
"Quant à la quantité à prélever pour l’oblation sacerdotale<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Hulin 134b.</i>, l’homme généreux donne 1/40. Selon Shammaï, on donne 1/30. Les gens moyens donnent 1/50, et les mauvais cœurs 1/60. Si, ayant prélevé approximativement, il se trouve que c’est seulement 1/60, l’acte est valable, et l’on n’est pas tenu de recommencer. Si pourtant l’on reprend une parcelle pour l’ajouter à l’oblation, cette part (n’étant pas obligatoire) est soumise d’abord au droit de la dîme. Si le prélèvement approximatif est seulement de 1/61, il est valable, mais il faut y ajouter de quoi compléter la quantité que l’on a l’habitude de donner, et en se servant cette fois (pour être exact), de la mesure, ou d’un poids, ou du nombre. Selon R. Juda, on peut même prendre (dans ce but) de ce qui est placé en dehors du cercle de ces produits (de ce qui en est éloigné).",
|
54 |
+
"Si quelqu’un donne l’ordre à un envoyé de prélever l’oblation<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Babli, Qidushin 41aÊ; Ketubot 99bÊ; Behhorot 61a.</i>, celui-ci devra agir selon les intentions du propriétaire. S’il ne les connaît pas, il adoptera la mesure moyenne, soit 1/50. S’il a réduit de 10 ou augmenté de 10 (soit 1/40 ou 1/60), son opération est aussi valable. Mais si (connaissant l’habitude du propriétaire), il en a ajouté intentionnellement, son opération est nulle.",
|
55 |
+
"Celui qui veut donner une plus grande quantité d’oblation que d’ordinaire peut aller, selon R. Eliézer, jusqu’à 1/10, à l’instar de l’oblation de la dîme. Lorsqu’il dépasse cette limite, il doit employer l’excédant à titre d’oblation de la dîme pour d’autres fruits<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">134</sup><i class=\"footnote\">C’est de la dme due au lévite, que celui-ci remettra comme oblation au cohen, en rendant l’équivalent en profane.</i>. R. Ismaël dit: On peut laisser la moitié comme profane, et remettre l’autre moitié comme oblation sacerdotale. R. Tarfon et R. aqiba (allant encore plus loin) permettent de laisser pour le cohen la majeure partie, pourvu qu’il reste un peu de profane)<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">135</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Comp. Sifri, Midrash sur les Nb section Nass, 5</i>.",
|
56 |
+
"A trois époques, on mesure la contenance des paniers (afin de donner les dîmes exactes): au printemps, en automne<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Comme à ce moment, les fruits sont déjà secs et rétrécis, le panier en contient davantage.</i>, au milieu de l’été. Il est bon de compter ce qui y entre; il vaut mieux les mesurer et le meilleur encore est de peser.",
|
57 |
+
"R. Eliézer dit: l’oblation (mélangée à d’autres produits) est annulée lorsqu’il y a plus de cent une parts équivalentes<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> En ce cas, il suffit de prendre une part pour l’oblation, et le reste est accessible à tous.</i>. R. Josué dit: Il suffit d’un peu plus de cent, et ce petit excédant est indéfini. R. Yossé b. Meshoullam dit: cet excédant devra être d’au moins un cab pour cent saa, soit la 6e partie de l’oblation produisant le mélange interdit.",
|
58 |
+
"R. Josué dit: les figues noires sont jointes aux blanches pour l’emporter comme nombre<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> On l’explique au suivant.</i>, et réciproquement. De même, les grands gâteaux de figues sont joints aux petits, et réciproquement: les gâteaux ronds sont joints aux carrés plats (brique) et réciproquement. Selon R. Eliézer, c’est interdit (et chacun est compté séparément). R. aqiba dit: lorsque l’on sait où est tombée l’oblation, on ne joint pas ces diverses sortes; mais lorsqu’on l’ignore, on les joint.",
|
59 |
+
"Dans quel cas a-t-il lieu ? Lorsqu’au milieu de 50 figues noires et de 50 blanches, il tombe une figue noire qui est de l’oblation, toutes les noires (selon R. aqiba) sont interdites (à titre de mélange sacré), et les blanches restent accessibles. Si une figue blanche d’oblation y est tombée, les blanches sont interdites et les noires autorisées. Lorsqu’on en ignore la couleur, on les joint toutes. En ce cas, R. Eliézer est d’un avis plus sévère que R. Josué. \r",
|
60 |
+
"Au cas suivant, R. Eliézer est d’un avis moins sévère que R. Josué: lorsque l’on comprime<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Betsa, 3bÊ; Zevahim 73a.</i> une livre de figues sèches (d’oblation) sur le bord d’une cruche pleine des mêmes fruits, sans savoir de quelle cruche il s’agit, on considère toutes les figues, selon R. Eliézer, comme si elles étaient séparées, et l’on joint à celles du bas celles du haut pour l’emporter par le nombre (si les cruches en ont cent fois autant); selon R. Josué, cette jonction imaginaire n’a lieu que s’il y a au moins cent cruches.",
|
61 |
+
"Lorsqu’un saa d’oblation est tombé du bord d’un grenier et qu’on l’a enlevé<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> On trouve l’emploi de la mme racine dans l’(Ex 15, 8)</i> (mêlé avec le reste), selon R. Eliézer, si l’ensemble du mélange enlevé (ou dépôt primitif) s’élevait à cent saa, l’ensemble l’emporte sur 101 parts; mais, selon R. Josué, le mélange reste sacré, sans annulation. Donc, (ajoute-t-il), lorsqu’un tel saa d’oblation tombe au bord d’un grenier, on l’enlève. Pourquoi alors dit-on que le mélange d’oblation est annulé par 101 parts égales? C’est vrai lorsqu’on ne sait pas si les fruits sont mêlés, ou à quelle place du grenier cette oblation est tombée.",
|
62 |
+
"Lorsque dans l’une de 2 hottes (contenant chacune 50 saas), ou dans l’un de 2 greniers (de la même contenance), il est tombé un saa d’oblation, sans que l’on sache dans lequel des deux, on les considère comme joints par leur nombre (et il suffit d’en prélever un saa). Selon R. Simon, cette jonction entre les 2 hottes a même lieu si (par suite de déplacement de l’une) elles sont dans 2 villes différentes.",
|
63 |
+
"R. Yossé raconte un fait de ce genre arrivé en présence de R. aqiba. Au milieu de 50 hottes de verdure, il en était tombé une dont la moitié était de l’oblation sacerdotale. J’ai dit qu’en ce cas le nombre l’emporte; ce n’est pas que le mélange soit annulé vis-à-vis de 51 parts, mais puisqu’il n’y avait qu’une demi-botte d’oblation, c’était l’équivalent de 102 parts (cela dépend donc de l’évaluation totale, et non du nombre de bottes)."
|
64 |
+
],
|
65 |
+
[
|
66 |
+
"Si un saa d’oblation impure est tombé dans moins de cent parts profanes<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> L’oblation, mme impure, mlée à plus de cent parts égales, serait annulée (Cf. Babli, Nedarim 59a).</i>, ou dans une même quantité de 1re dîme, ou de 2e dîme, ou parmi des objets consacrés, soit purs, soit impurs, il faut le laisser pourrir et se perdre (le cohen même ne pouvant consommer de l’impur). Si ce saa était pur, on le vend aux cohanim au prix de l’oblation (à bon marché, faute de nombreux acquéreur), déduction faite du saa d’oblation mêlée au tout. Si c’est mêlé à de la 1re dîme, on fait une désignation nominale pour l’oblation de dîme, ou 100e (après l’échange avec le lévite contre des fruits profanes). Si ce saa est mêlé à de la 2e dîme, ou des objets consacrés, on doit racheter le tout (et le montant de la vente, faite comme au cas précédent, devra être consommé à Jérusalem). Si le blé profane auquel s’est mêlée cette oblation était impur, (ce qui ne permet plus de l’employer en oblation de dîme), il faut (après la vente) que ceux-ci le mangent par petits pain détachés<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Lorsqu’ils n’ont que la grandeur d’un demi-Ïuf, l’impureté ne peut pas se propager. La mme expression se trouve (Jos 9, 12)</i>, ou en grains grillés, ou pétrir la pâte avec du jus de fruits<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> En ce cas aussi, l’impureté ne se propage pas.</i>, ou partager la pâte en morceaux inférieurs à la grandeur d’un œuf.",
|
67 |
+
"Lorsqu’un saa d’oblation impure est mêlé à cent parts de produits profanes purs (non atteints par cette oblation), il faut, selon R. Eliézer, prélever une part au hasard et la brûler, en admettant l’hypothèse que le saa prélevé est précisément celui qui y était tombé. Selon les autres sages, au contraire, elle est annulée par le nombre, et il faut la répartir en petits pains (comme au § précédent), ou en grains grillés, ou pétrir la pâte avec du jus de fruits, ou partager la pâte en fragments inférieurs à la grandeur d’un œuf.",
|
68 |
+
"Lorsqu’un saa d’oblation pure est tombé dans cent parts égales de blé profane impur, elle est annulée; et, après cession au cohen, il peut la consommer par petits pains (comme précédemment), ou en grains grillés, ou pétri au jus de fruits, ou par morceaux de pâte inférieures à la grandeur d’un œuf. \r",
|
69 |
+
"Lorsqu’un saa d’oblation impure est tombé dans cent saas d’oblations pure, tout le mélange est interdit, selon Shammaï; mais Hillel l’autorise; celui-ci objecte à Shammaï: puisque l’oblation pure est interdite aux étrangers et que l’impur est interdite au cohen, on peut établir une analogie et dire ceci: de même que la pure est emportée par le nombre (s’il y a plus de cent), de même l’impure le sera<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Si l’oblation pure, interdite aux étrangers sous peine capitale, est annulée sur cent, à plus forte raison l’impure l’est-elle, dont la consommation par le cohen n’entrane qu’une simple transgression.</i>. A cela Shammaï réplique: s’il est vrai que les produits profanes, qui sont moins graves en ce que leur consommation est loisible à tous, peuvent, par leur nombre, annuler l’oblation pure; il n’en est pas de même pour l’oblation, plus grave en ce que son usage n’est pas accessible aux étrangers, et ce n’est pas à dire qu’elle s’annule par le nombre. Après que les uns se furent rendus aux raisons des autres (a fortiori), R. Eliézer dit: On prendra l’équivalent de l’oblation tombée et on la brûlera; selon les autres sages, elle est perdue en raison de son peu de valeur (personne n’étant lésée).",
|
70 |
+
"Lorsqu’un saa d’oblation tombe dans cent parts profanes et qu’après avoir été recueillie, elle retombe dans un autre endroit, elle produit, selon R. Eliézer, le même effet d’interdire le mélange que la vraie oblation. Mais, selon les autres sages, il n’y a de mélange qu’en raison du nombre proportionnel (et, sur cent, il y a annulation).",
|
71 |
+
"Lorsqu’un saa d’oblation est tombé dans moins de cent parts égales de profane<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">170</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Babli, Shabat 142aÊ; Temoura 12a.</i>, ce qui constitue le mélange interdit, et qu’ensuite une part de ce mélange est tombée ailleurs, elle produit, selon R. Eliézer, le même effet d’interdiction qu’auparavant. Mais, selon les autres sages, il n’y a de mélange qu’en raison du nombre proportionnel; de même, une pâte profane contenant de la levure d’oblation (interdite dès lors aux étrangers), et dont une partie serait mêlée à d’autre pâte, ne la rendrait sacrée que proportionnellement au nombre, et de même encore l’eau puisée<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">171</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lorsqu’un bain légal, qui doit avoir 40 saas d’eau n’en contient qu’un peu plus de la moitié, soit 20 saas et une parcelle, on peut remplir le reste à mains d’hommes. Cf. (Temoura 1, 6)</i> ne rend le bain légal impropre que proportionnellement.",
|
72 |
+
"Lorsqu’un saa d’oblation est tombé parmi cent parts égales de profane et qu’après avoir prélevé une part, il est tombé une nouvelle part d’oblation, et ainsi plusieurs fois de suite, le mélange est autorisé (sauf prélèvement d’une part), jusqu'à ce que l’accumulation des parts d’oblation l’emporte sur le profane.",
|
73 |
+
"Lorsqu’un saa d’oblation est mêlé à cent parts de profane et qu’au moment de le prélever du mélange il y tombe un second saa d’oblation, le tout est interdit (contenant 2 saas d’oblation, nombre prépondérant) selon R. Simon, l’usage en est permis.",
|
74 |
+
"Lorsqu’un saa d’oblation est tombé dans cent parts de blé profane et qu’après la mouture la quantité a diminué, la diminution porte aussi bien sur le profane que sur l’oblation, et le tout est permis. Si, au contraire, par suite de la mouture un mélange inférieur à cent parts contenant une d’oblation a augmenté, il est interdit, l’oblation ayant aussi bien augmenté que le profane (et n’étant pas annulée par le nombre). Mais, si l’on sait que le blé profane est meilleur que l’oblation (et augmente plus à la mouture), le mélange est permis, ayant annulé l’oblation par le nombre. Lorsqu’un saa d’oblation est tombé dans moins de cent parts profanes et qu’ensuite du profane vient se joindre à ce mélange (interdit jusque là), il est permis (annulé par le nombre), si cette nouvelle addition de profane est accidentelle; si elle a été provoquée avec intention (de l’emporter par le nombre), le mélange reste interdit (à titre d’amende)."
|
75 |
+
],
|
76 |
+
[
|
77 |
+
"Lorsqu’on mange involontairement de l’oblation<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Babli, Pessahim 31aÊ; Baba Metsia 54bÊ; Torath Cohanim, 11, 8</i>, il faut restituer le montant outre un 5e supplémentaire; soit que l’on mange, que l’on boive, que l’on s’enduise le corps, que ce soit de l’oblation pure, ou de l’impure. Si, ayant payé 1/5 en sus, il lui arrive par erreur de le consommer, il ajoutera 1/5 du 5e. Il ne peut pas s’acquitter en oblation (qui ne lui appartient pas), mais avec des produits profanes libérés de tous droits, qui à leur tour sont considérés comme oblation. Le paiement (si, à son tour, ce dernier était consommé par erreur et restitué) est aussi de l’oblation. Pour toutes ces redevances, lors même que le cohen voudrait y renoncer, il ne le peut pas (car c’est une présomption légale de restituer ce qui a été consacré).",
|
78 |
+
"Si une fille simple israélite, après avoir mangé par erreur de l’oblation, épouse un cohen (ce qui lui donne désormais le droit de consommer les mêmes produits), au cas où ladite oblation n’était pas acquise par le cohen, elle se restitue à elle-même capital et intérêt auxquels elle a droit; si c’était de l’oblation acquise par autrui, elle restitue le capital au propriétaire et garde le 5e (elle ne paie pas d’amende), puisqu’il est dit qu’en cas de consommation involontaire de l’oblation, il faut restituer le capital au propriétaire et le 5e à qui l’on veut.",
|
79 |
+
"Si quelqu’un donne à manger de l’oblation à ses ouvriers et à ses invités, il doit restituer le capital au propriétaire, et les consommateurs paient le 5e d’amende (pour leur transgression involontaire). Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Selon les autres sages, ils paient le capital avec le supplément, et le maître rembourse le capital<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> La différence entre ces 2 avis consiste en ce que, selon le 1er, on restitue comme capital une valeur d’oblation (inférieure, ayant moins d’acquéreurs)Ê; selon les autres, il faut payer la valeur habituelle des produits profanes.</i>.",
|
80 |
+
"Celui qui vole de l’oblation<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">194</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Babli, Baba Metsia 54a.</i> sans la manger doit payer le double de la valeur d’oblation (en punition de vol); s’il l’a mangée, il devra payer 2 fois le capital avec un 5e de supplément, savoir le montant de la valeur comme profane (plus élevé, ou amende ordinaire) et la valeur de l’oblation (en punition du vol). S’il a volé de l’oblation consacrée par le cohen aux besoins du Temple et qu’il l’a mangée, il paiera 2/5<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">195</sup><i class=\"footnote\">L’un pour la consommation de l’oblation, l’autre pour celle de l’objet sacré.</i>, outre le capital, car pour les objets consacrés on n’est pas condamné à payer le double.",
|
81 |
+
"On ne peut payer sa dette ni avec du glanage, ni avec de l’oubli, ni avec des produits de la péa, ni de ce qui est abandonné (tous biens appartenant aux pauvres), ni de la 1e dîme (des lévites) dont l’oblation est encore due aux sacerdotes, ni de la 2e dîme ou objets sacrés non rachetés (devant être consommés à Jérusalem); car un produit sacré ne saurait servir à solder un autre sacré. Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Selon les autres sages, il est permis d’user de ces deux derniers.",
|
82 |
+
"R. Eliezer dit: On peut se servir d’une sorte de produits pour payer ce qui est dû sur une autre sorte, pourvu que l’on paie avec du beau ce qui est dû en mauvais. Selon R. aqiba, il est indispensable de s’acquitter avec la même espèce. Aussi, au cas où l’on a mangé des potirons de la 6e année agraire, on attendra la croissance des mêmes fruits en la 8e année<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Puisqu’il est interdit de s’acquitter avec les produits de la 7e année.</i>, et l’on paiera avec cette sorte. Le même verset qui sert à R. Eliézer à exprimer un avis peu sévère sert également à R. aqiba à exprimer un avis plus grave. Ainsi il est dit (Lv 22, 14): Il remettra au cohen la sainteté<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Pessahim 32a.</i>; cela indique, selon R. Eliézer, qu’on peut lui donner tout ce qui est apte à être sacré. Selon R. aqiba au contraire, ce verset indique qu’il faut restituer l’objet sacré tel qu’il a été consommé (non autrement)."
|
83 |
+
],
|
84 |
+
[
|
85 |
+
"Celui qui mange de l’oblation sciemment est tenu de restituer le montant (outre la peine capitale qu’il encourt), mais non le 5e supplémentaire (dû seulement en cas d’erreur). Le montant restitué est profane (il n’est sacré qu’en cas d’erreur); et, par conséquent, si le cohen veut y renoncer, il le peut.",
|
86 |
+
"Lorsqu’une fille de cohen, après avoir épousé un simple Israélite, mange de l’oblation<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Sanhedrin 51aÊ; Kritot 7a.</i>, elle doit restituer le montant, mais elle n’a pas à payer de 5e d’amende (n’étant pas étrangère). Lorsqu’elle est condamnée à mort pour adultère, elle doit être brûlée comme fille de cohen. Au cas où elle a épousé un homme de l’une des classes qui lui sont interdites (elle s’est déshonorée pour jamais), elle devra comme une étrangère payer capital et supplément; et, comme telle, elle serait étranglée au cas d’une condamnation à mort. Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Mais, selon les autres sages, l’une comme l’autre paient le capital sans supplément, et, en cas de condamnation, elle sera brûlée.",
|
87 |
+
"Si l’on en donne à manger à ses jeunes enfants, ou à ses esclaves grands ou petits (dont on est responsable), ou si l’on consomme de l’oblation des fruits venant du dehors de la Palestine, ou si l’on en mange moins de la valeur d’une olive, on paiera le montant sans supplément. L’équivalent restitué est considéré comme profane; et, dès lors, le cohen peut y renoncer s’il le veut. \r",
|
88 |
+
"Voici la règle générale : dès que l’on est tenu de restituer le capital et le 5e, le montant est sacré et le cohen ne peut pas y renoncer. Au cas contraire, l’équivalent est profane, et le cohen a la faculté d’y renoncer.",
|
89 |
+
"Lorsqu’il y a 2 paniers, l’un contenant de l’oblation, l’autre des produits profanes, et qu’il tombe un saa d’oblation dans l’un d’eux, sans savoir où<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Pessahim 9a et 44aÊ; Nazir 36aÊ; Yebamot 82a.</i>, on admet l’hypothèse que ce saa a été joint au panier d’oblation (et l’autre reste profane). Si l’on ne sait plus lequel des 2 paniers contient l’oblation et que l’on a mangé une part, on est dispensé de tout droit (c’est probablement une part profane); l’on considère le second panier comme étant de l’oblation (sacré), et cependant (vu le doute) on en prélève<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. ci-après, (Halla 1, 4), fin.</i> la parcelle sacerdotale de pâte (Halla). Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Selon R. Yossé, on en est dispensé (à titre de mélange annulé). Si une autre personne a mangé du second panier, on en est aussi dispensé. Si une seule et même personne a consommé les deux, elle restituera la valeur du plus petit des deux (vu le doute).",
|
90 |
+
"Si l’un de ces paniers a été mêlé à du profane, il n’y a pas de mélange interdit (vu le doute), et l’on considère en ce cas le second comme sacré, tout en le soumettant au droit de Halla (en raison du doute). Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Selon R. Yossé, on est dispensé de tout droit. S’il arrive que le second panier se mêle aussi à d’autre profane, le mélange n’est pas interdit en raison du doute. Si tous deux ont été mêlés à une quantité de profane, le mélange sera constitué proportionnellement au plus petit des deux.",
|
91 |
+
"Si l’on a employé l’un des deux à semer, l’on n’est pas tenu de retourner la terre (en raison du doute), et l’on considère le second comme sacré, tout en le soumettant à la redevance de la Halla. Tel est l’avis de R. Meir. Selon R. Yossé, on en est dispensé (à cause du doute). Si une autre personne à employé le second panier pour semer, elle est aussi dispensée de tout droit. Lorsque la même personne a semé les 2 paniers, il est permis de tout laisser au cas où la semence est complètement réduite dans la terre<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">224</sup><i class=\"footnote\">La semence du blé se dissout dans la terreÊ; or, le produit d’un mélange interdit est considéré comme profane, ci-après, 9, 4 et 6</i>. au cas contraire (comme pour les plants d’oignons, ou de ce genre), c’est interdit."
|
92 |
+
],
|
93 |
+
[
|
94 |
+
"Lorsqu’une femme (fille d’Israélite mariée à un cohen) est à manger de l’oblation et que l’on vienne lui dire “ton mari est mort”, ou “il te répudie” (auquel cas elle n’a plus de droit à l’oblation), et de même si à l’esclave un cohen qui consomme de l’oblation l’on vient dire que son maître est mort, ou qu’il a été cédé à un simple Israélite, ou qu’il a été donné, ou qu’il a été affranchi, ou encore si un cohen au moment de manger de l’oblation apprend qu’il est le fils d’une répudiée, ou d’une femme ayant subi le lévirat (ce qui le rend impropre à manger de l’oblation), dans tous ces cas, il faut, selon R. Eliézer, payer le capital et le supplément; selon R. Josué, on en est dispensé<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Pessahim 72bÊ; Yebamot 34aÊ; Qidushin 66bÊ; Macoth, 11b.</i>. Lorsque le cohen, debout devant l’autel en train de sacrifier les offrandes à Dieu, apprend qu’il est le fils d’une répudiée, ou de celle qui a subi le lévirat, il faut, selon R. Eliézer, considérer comme impropres tous les sacrifices offerts, mais R. Josué les considère comme valables. Lorsqu’on apprend que ce cohen est affecté d’un défaut personnel, son service est entaché d’inaptitude (Lv 22, 21).",
|
95 |
+
"Aux deux premiers cas (la femme et l’esclave), s’ils ont encore l’oblation dans la bouche, ils peuvent l’avaler, selon R. Eliézer (pourvu qu’ils restituent le montant et le supplément); selon R. Josué, ils doivent le cracher. Si l’on dit à quelqu’un (mangeant de l’oblation) qu’il est devenu impur, ou que son oblation l’est devenue, il doit l’avaler selon R. Eliézer, mais selon R. Josué, il doit la cracher. Si on lui dit qu’il avait été impur, ou que l’oblation l’avait été (avant de la mettre dans la bouche), ou si l’on apprend que c’était un produit non libéré, ou de la 1re dîme non libérée de l’oblation, ou de la 2e dîme, ou d’autres objets sacrés non rachetés, ou s’il sent un goût d’insecte dans la bouche, il doit tout cracher (bien qu’il le détruise ainsi).",
|
96 |
+
"Si quelqu’un en train de manger d’une grappe de raisin<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Betsa, 35a.</i> rentre du jardin dans la cour (ce qui entraîne pour le fruit l’obligation des divers droits), on peut, selon R. Eliézer, la terminer; selon R. Josué, on ne le peut pas (sans la rédimer). Si en ce moment même la nuit du samedi survient (où il est interdit de rédimer), on peut, selon R. Eliézer, l’achever à la fin du Shabat, mais, selon R. Josué, on ne le peut pas (avant d’avoir rédimé).",
|
97 |
+
"Lorsque du vin d’oblation est resté découvert la nuit (et a couru le danger d’être empoisonné par un reptile), et à plus forte raison du vin profane, il faut le jeter (sans se préoccuper de la perte). En ce cas, 3 sortes de liquides sont interdits<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Hulin 10a.</i>: l’eau (tranquille), le vin (non cuit) et le lait; tous les autres liquides restent permis. Pendant combien de temps doivent-ils avoir été découverts pour qu’il y ait interdiction? Le temps qu’il faut à un serpent des environs pour venir boire et s’en retourner.",
|
98 |
+
"Lorsque la quantité d’eau découverte est assez étendue pour que l’amertume ou le poison s’y perde, elle est permise; selon R. Yossé, quelle que soit la grandeur du récipient, l’eau est interdite, et lorsqu’elle est dans la terre (p. ex. en citerne), il faut un espace d’au moins 40 saas.",
|
99 |
+
"Dès qu’il y a une rupture (trou) dans les figues, ou les raisins, ou les courges, ou les concombres, ou les potirons, ou les melons, fussent-ils d’une taille extrême<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">258</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ou, selon d’autresÊ: ÒÊcomme un coussinÊÓ.</i>, qu’il s’agisse de petits ou de grands<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">259</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ce n’est pas à dire que l’on coupera le cté atteint, comme cela se peut pour des objets secs.</i>, de fruits coupés ou adhérents à la terre, le jus propage le poison de la morsure, et le produit est interdit. Tous les objets mordus par le serpent (p. ex. les bestiaux) deviennent interdits, sous peine du danger d’empoisonner mortellement celui qui en mange.",
|
100 |
+
"Lorsqu’une passoire est placée au-dessus du vin découvert<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">260</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Babli, Suka 50aÊ; Baba Qama 115b.</i>, elle est interdite (le danger du contact vénéneux subsiste); mais, selon R. Néhémie, ce n’est pas interdit (s’il y avait du poison, il resterait aux parois de la passoire).",
|
101 |
+
"S’il y a doute sur la survenance d’une impureté à un tonneau d’oblation<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Pessahim 20bÊ; Bekhorot 33b.</i>, il faut, selon R. Eliézer, le déplacer, et s’il était dans un endroit abandonné pour être perdu, on le mettra dans un lieu caché; s’il avait été découvert, on le recouvre<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> En raison du doute, on le préservera.</i>. Selon R. Josué, au contraire, s’il se trouvait dans un endroit caché, on l’exposera à l’abandon (pour qu’il perde naturellement), et s’il avait été couvert, on le découvre. Selon R. Gamliel, on n’y changera rien.",
|
102 |
+
"Lorsqu’un tonneau s’est brisé dans le grenier supérieur et que l’inférieur est impur, R. Eliézer et R. Josué reconnaissent d’un commun accord que si l’on peut en sauver un quart de mesure avec pureté (avant que ce vin descende et se perde), il faut le faire<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Pessahim 15a et 20aÊ; Menahot 48a.</i>. Si non (s’il n’a pas de vase pur sous la main), R. Eliézer dit qu’il faut laisser descendre ce vin et le tout devenir impur, pourvu qu'on ne le rende pas impur de ses propres mains (pour sauver le profane de ce contact impur).",
|
103 |
+
"De même, si un tonneau d’huile a été renversé, R. Eliézer et R. Josué reconnaissent d’un commun accord que si l’on peut en sauver un quart de mesure avec pureté, il faut le faire (en le recueillant avec un vase). Sinon (s’il n’en a pas sous la main), R. Eliézer dit qu’il faut laisser se perdre cette huile, que la terre absorbera, mais non la ramasser au creux de la main (ce qui la rendrait impure). Pour l’un et l’autre cas (la survenue de doute d’impureté et la perte du tonneau plein),",
|
104 |
+
"R. Josué dit: ce n’est pas de l’oblation pour laquelle il y ait défense de la rendre impure, mais seulement d’en manger. Quant à la prescription de l’impureté, comme a-t-elle lieu? Lorsqu’en passant d’une localité à l’autre, on a des pains sous le bras et qu’un idolâtre (violent) veut rendre l’un d’eux impur, sous la menace de les rendre tous impurs, il laissera faire, dit R. Eliézer, plutôt que d’en rendre lui-même un seul impur; selon R. Josué, il en placera un sur la pierre (pour éviter tout contact).",
|
105 |
+
"De même, si des femmes ont été prises par des idolâtres qui leur disent: “livrez-nous l’une d’entre vous, ou sinon, nous vous entacherons toutes”, il vaut mieux qu’elles cèdent toutes à la violence que de livrer une seule âme en Israël."
|
106 |
+
],
|
107 |
+
[
|
108 |
+
"Si l’on sème de l’oblation par erreur, il faut retourner la terre<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Comp. Kilayim 2, 3.</i>. Si c’est fait volontairement, il faut la laisser subsister (à titre d’oblation, et les produits seront acquis au cohen). Si le produit est déjà arrivé au tiers de sa croissance, qu’il ait été semé volontairement ou non, il faut le laisser subsister; mais, s’il s’agit de chanvre, même semé volontairement, il faut retourner le plant (afin de ne pas faire usage des tiges, qui ne sont pas d’oblation).",
|
109 |
+
"Les produits naissant de cette sorte sont soumis aux droits de glanage, d’oubli, de pea. Les pauvres simples israélites, aussi bien que les pauvres cohanim peuvent glaner dans ce champ; seulement, les premiers vendant aux autres leur part au prix (réduit) de l’oblation, et ils peuvent consommer le montant reçu. R. Tarfon dit: les pauvres cohanim pourront seuls y glaner, de crainte que le simple israélite, en un moment d’oubli, mange ce qu’il vient de cueillir. R. aqiba réplique: s’il en était ainsi, il faudrait n’admettre à ce glanage que des gens purs (il partage donc le 1er avis).",
|
110 |
+
"Ces produits sont également soumis aux 2 dîmes (celle des lévites et celle de l’oblation), à la troisième dîme ou celle des pauvres. Les simples israélites pauvres comme les cohanim peuvent en prendre; seulement les premiers vendent aux autres leur part au prix (réduit) de l’oblation, et ils peuvent manger le montant reçu. C’est un acte méritoire de battre ces produits au fléau (afin de n’avoir pas à museler l’animal qui les foulerait<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Acte interdit au (Dt, 24, 4</i>, et d’éviter, sans cette transgression, qu’ils ne soient mangés par l’animal). Mais comment agira celui qui dépique le blé<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Baba Metsia 90a.</i> avec un animal? Il suspendra des paniers au cou de la bête et y mettra de la même espèce de produits; de cette façon, il n’aura besoin ni de museler la bête, ni de lui laisser manger de l’oblation.",
|
111 |
+
"Les produits des semences d’oblations sont au sacerdote<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Shabat 17bÊ; Pessahim 34aÊ; Nedarim 60a.</i>; mais les produits de ces produits sont profanes. Les produits d’objets inaffranchis de la première dîme, des pousses de 7e année de l’oblation sur les produits du dehors de la Palestine, du mélange interdit et des prémices<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Voir ci-après, Bikkourim, ch.2, 2 Tous ces produits sont en minorité.</i>, sont considérés profanes. Les produits de fruits consacrés ou de leur 2e dîme sont profanes; seulement, il faut les racheter selon leur valeur au moment de la semaille.",
|
112 |
+
"Lorsque dans un champ il y a cent plates-bandes provenant de l’oblation et une de profane, on peut se servir de toutes (n’étant que des produits indirects), au cas où la semence se dissout dans la terre<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Nedarim ibid.</i>; mais, lorsqu’elle ne se dissout pas, y eut-il cent parts de profane et une seule d’oblation, tout est interdit.",
|
113 |
+
"Les produits d’objets non libérés dont permis<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Pessahim 34a.</i>, lorsque la semence se dissout; mais, au cas contraire, même les produits des produits restent interdits. Qu’y a-t-il de cette dernière sorte? Le porreau, l’ail, l’oignon (échalote). Selon R. Juda, l’ail ne leur ressemble pas plus que l’orge (ce sont 2 sortes).",
|
114 |
+
"Celui qui émonde les mauvaise herbes d’un plant d’oignons<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Selon Maïmonide, on y comprend aussi le cresson.</i> en compagnie d’un idolâtre, bien que les fruits ne soient pas libérés, peut en manger d’une façon passagère. Si l’on a planté des choux d’oblation qui étaient déjà devenus impurs, ils sont purs en ce sens qu’ils ne communiquent plus d’impureté<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> En leur qualité de plantation.</i>; mais pour la consommation, ils restent en leur 1er état jusqu’à ce que l’on en ait coupé une partie mangeable<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> On pourra en manger après l’échange.</i>. Selon R. Juda, il faut même couper ce qui a poussé la 2e fois (avant d’en manger)."
|
115 |
+
],
|
116 |
+
[
|
117 |
+
"Lorsqu’un oignon (d’oblation) se trouve au milieu de lentilles (profanes), s’il est resté entier, le mets peut servir à n’importe qui; s’il est coupé, cela dépend de la question de savoir si son goût s'est propagé (au cas affirmatif, le tout est au cohen). Pour tout autre mets, cela dépend aussi du goût. R. Juda permet de manger des petits poissons marinés avec un tel oignon, car celui-ci n’a alors pour but que d’enlever l’écume (non de donner du goût).",
|
118 |
+
"Lorsqu’une pomme écrasée (d’oblation) a été jointe à de la pâte pour qu’elle fermente<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Menahot 54a.</i>, toute la pâte qui a ainsi levé devient interdite aux étrangers. Lorsque de l’orge (d’oblation) est tombée dans une citerne, bien que l’eau soit devenue nauséabonde (par cette orge, et qu’elle s’en est imprégnée), il est permis à tous s’en servir.",
|
119 |
+
"Si, ayant tiré du four un pain chaud<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Avoda Zara 66bÊ; Pessahim 76b.</i>, on le place par mégarde sur l’ouverture d’un tonneau de vin d’oblation (de sorte qu’il imprègne de ce vin), c’est interdit selon R. Meir; mais, selon R. Juda, c’est permis (le contact du goût est insignifiant). R. Yossé le permet si c’est une pâte de froment, mais il le défend pour l’orge, parce qu’elle attire davantage.",
|
120 |
+
"Lorsqu’on a chauffé le four avec du cumin d’oblation<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Avoda Zara, ibid.</i> et qu’ensuite on y a cuit du pain, celui-ci reste permis à la consommation, car il n’a pas le goût du cumin, mais seulement sa senteur.",
|
121 |
+
"Lorsque du fenugrec (d’oblation) est tombé dans une citerne pleine de vin, le tout est soumis aux droits d’oblation ou de dîme, lorsqu’il y a assez de semence ou de fruit communiquant le goût, mais non le bois (qui n’y est pas soumis). Quant aux prescriptions pour la 7e année, le mélange de la vigne et les objets consacrés, quelle que soit la partie communiquant le bon goût, que ce soit le fruit ou le bois, ce contact rend le tout interdit.",
|
122 |
+
"Lorsqu’on a des cordes de fenugrec au milieu du mélange interdit de la vigne<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Voir ci-après, Orla 3, 6</i>, il faut tout brûler (le bois même est interdit). Si quelqu’un a des cordes de fenugrec non libéré<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Sur elles il faudra remettre 1/100 d’oblation, ou dme de la dme. Il s’agit du cas o le lévite, ayant reçu de l’Israélite dix de ces tiges, doit au cohen l’oblation ou total de ces dix, et non des tigesÊ; il est tenu de faire le triage entre les graines et le bois, en punition de ce qu’il a accepté ces tiges avant que le cohen n’ait eu de l’Israélite sa part d’oblation sur le tout.</i>, il devra les piler pour séparer la graine du bois; puis il estimera cette graine et en prélèvera par estimation les droits dus, sans rien prendre pour le bois (qui n’y est pas soumis). Si le prélèvement a eu lieu avant la séparation entre le bois et la graine, le tout est consacré, et il faut remettre des deux au cohen.",
|
123 |
+
"Lorsqu’on a confit ensemble des olives profanes avec des olives d’oblation, ou des olives profanes ouvertes (écrasées et dont le jus sort) avec des olives d’oblation semblables, ou des ouvertes profanes avec des entières d’oblation, ou seulement dans la sauce ayant servi à confire des olives d’oblation (dont elle s’est imprégnée), le tout est interdit. Mais, lorsque les olives profanes sont entières, fussent-elles jointes à des olives d’oblation ouvertes, elles restent accessibles à la consommation de tous (ne pouvant rien absorber des autres olives sacrées).",
|
124 |
+
"Lorsqu’on a mariné un poisson impur avec un autre pur, l’ensemble de la sauce est interdit, dès que dans la tonne de poisson pur d’une contenance de deux saas, il y a un poids de dix zouz judéens de poisson impur, ou de 5 sicles galiléens<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Soit une proportion pour la partie impure de 1/960 Cf. Babli, Hulin 99b.</i>. Selon R. Juda, la mesure sera1/4 de loug pour 2 saas; selon R. Yossé, ce sera 1/16 de loug.",
|
125 |
+
"Lorsque des sauterelles impures ont été confites avec d’autres pures, la sauce n’est pas impropre à la consommation (parce qu’elles n’ont pas de sang, mais seulement de l’humeur). R. Zadok a attesté que la sauce des sauterelles impures est pure (et ne communique pas d’impureté).",
|
126 |
+
"Tous les produits confits ensemble ne forment pas de mélange interdit, sauf les porreaux. Le porreau profane mêlé avec du porreau d’oblation, ou de la verdure profane mêlée à du porreau d’oblation, est un mélange interdit (aux étrangers); cependant, le mélange de porreau profane avec de la verdure d’oblation est permis.",
|
127 |
+
"Selon R. Yossé, même cuits ensemble les produits divers sont permis, sauf s’ils sont joints à l’oblation des bettes (ou épinards sauvages), parce qu’elles propagent leur goût.",
|
128 |
+
"Selon R. Simon, le mélange du chou de terre sèche avec un produit semblable (d’oblation) provenant de terre humide, est interdit, parce que le premier absorbe le jus du second. R. aqiba dit (ou, selon une autre leçon, R. Juda) : on peut cuire ensemble sans interdiction toutes espèces de mets, sauf les diverses viandes réunies. R. Yohanan b. Nouri dit: le foie (qui est sacré) rend les autres objets interdits, mais il ne peut devenir interdit par d’autres objets (sacrés), parce qu’il exprime le jus, et ne l’absorbe pas."
|
129 |
+
],
|
130 |
+
[
|
131 |
+
"Il n’est pas permis de mettre des figues plates (comprimées ou sèches, d’oblation) dans de la sauce, saumure de poisson, muria (pour en tirer le suc), parce que c’est les gâter (puisqu’il faut ensuite les jeter); mais on peut y joindre de ce vin (lequel devant donner du goût n’est pas perdu). Il n’est pas permis d’aromatiser l’huile d’oblation (les aromates, en l’absorbant, la diminuent); mais on peut constituer de l’hydromel poivré, oinomhlon. On ne doit pas cuire du vin d’oblation, parce qu’on l’amoindrit ainsi (on en perd une partie); selon R. Juda, c’est permis, parce qu’on l’améliore ainsi (et il se conservera mieux).",
|
132 |
+
"Pour le miel de dattes<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Berakhot 38a Ê; Hulin 120v.</i>, le vin de pommes (cidre), le vinaigre, le jus de raisins tardifs et tout autre espèce de jus de fruits d’oblation (excepté le vin et l’huile), on est tenu, selon R. Eliézer (lorsqu’on mange par erreur de cette oblation), de restituer le montant avec 1/5 de supplément; selon R. Josué, on est dispensé de ce supplément (non du capital). Selon R. Eliézer aussi, ces liquides comme tels propagent l’impureté. R. Josué dit: Les sages n’ont pas compté au hasard 7 liquides comme des grains d’aromates (dont le nombre est approximatif), mais ils ont précisé les 7 liquides qui transmettent l’impureté<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ce sontÊ: l’eau, la r(Os le vin, l’huile, le miel d’abeilles, le lait et le sang. Voir Makshirin dernier, 4</i>; tous les autres restent toujours purs.",
|
133 |
+
"On ne doit pas convertir les dattes d’oblation ou de dîmes en miel, ni les pommes en cidre, ni les raisins tardifs en vinaigre, et de même on ne changera de nature aucun autre fruit, excepté les olives et les raisins<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Babli, Pessahim 24b.</i>. On ne mérite pas la peine des 40 coups de lanière<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> (Nb 18, 12)</i>, si l’on a exprimé le jus des fruits des premières années de plantation (interdites), excepté pour le produit des olives et des raisins. On ne peut pas offrir comme prémices des liquides (mais des fruits), sauf le produit des olives et du raisin. Le seul liquide qui rende à d’autres objets l’impureté (qui la propage) est ce même produit, et enfin on n’offrira sur l’autel que l’huile (des offrandes) et le vin (des libations).",
|
134 |
+
"L’usage des queues de figues (comprimées), ou des figues sèches, ou certains glands, aculoi<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Autre sorte de figues, selon Maïmonide. Cf. ci-après, (Orla 2, 1) (une longue note).</i>, et des caroubes d’oblation sacerdotale est interdit aux étrangers.",
|
135 |
+
"Aussi longtemps que le cohen recueille les pépins ou graines des fruits pour les consommer, il est interdit aux étrangers d’en manger s’ils sont d’oblation; mais s’il les abandonne, leur usage est autorisé. Il en est de même des os (garnis de viande) des sacrifies: aussi longtemps que le cohen les recueille, leur usage est interdit; il est permis à partir du moment où il les jette. Le gros son, en général, même d’oblation, peut servir à chacun; celui qui provient du blé vert (et contient beaucoup de farine) est interdit aux étrangers, mais celui du vieux blé (qui se moût bien mieux) est permis. On agit avec le son d’oblation comme avec le profane (on jette ce que l’on ne mange pas). Celui qui écrème la farine et en prend la fine fleur, à raison de un cab ou deux par saa (sur 6 cabs) d’oblation, ne devra pas jeter le reste (qui, pouvant être consommé, ne doit pas être détruit), mais le mettre de côté en un endroit sûr.",
|
136 |
+
"Lorsqu’on débarrasse un grenier du froment d’oblation, on n’est pas tenu de s’y asseoir et de se mettre à ramasser chaque grain, un à un, mais on le balaie comme d’ordinaire, et l’on peut ensuite y mettre du profane (sans se préoccuper s’il reste un grain ou deux d’oblation).",
|
137 |
+
"De même, si un tonneau d’huile d’oblation a été renversé, on n’est pas tenu de se mettre à terre pour l’étancher à la main (pour n’en rien laisser); on agit comme avec du profane.",
|
138 |
+
"Lorsqu’on verse (du vin ou de l’huile d’oblation) d’une cruche dans une autre et qu’il reste encore quelques gouttes dans la première, on peut pourtant y verser du profane. Mais, après avoir couché la cruche pour la vider, il s'en amasse un peu au bord, ce reste est sacré. – (A ce même propos, on demanda) : quelle devra être la quantité d’oblation de dîmes sur des produits de libération douteuse, Demaï (devenus impurs), pour que l’on soit tenu de la remettre au cohen (et de ne pas l’abandonner)? Ce devra être le huitième du 8e (un 64e).",
|
139 |
+
"On peut donner à manger des vesces d’oblation<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> C’est principalement une nourriture de bestiauxÊ; seulement, comme il arrive parfois aux hommes d’en manger, ils doivent donner en ce cas, les parts légales.</i> aux animaux domestiques, aux bêtes sauvages et aux volailles (appartenant aux cohanim). Lorsqu’un simple israélite a emprunté la vache d’un cohen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Cf. Yebamot 66bÊ; Avoda Zara 15a.</i>, il peut lui donner à manger des vesces d’oblation (avec lesquelles on peut la nourrir). Mais lorsqu’un cohen a emprunté celle de l’Israélite, bien qu’il soit chargé de la nourrir, il ne pourra pas lui donner à manger de l’oblation (parce qu’il ne peut en nourrir que ses propres bêtes). Lorsqu’un simple Israélite achète et se charge d’engraisser la vache d’un cohen (afin de partager plus tard la plus-value), elle ne pourra pas manger de ladite oblation (elle n’est plus le bien du cohen). Mais lorsqu’à l’inverse le cohen l’acquiert d’un Israélite dans les mêmes vues ultérieures, il peut la nourrir d’oblation (elle est son bien).",
|
140 |
+
"On peut éclairer avec de l’huile destinée à être brûlée (d’abord sacrée, puis devenue impure), les salles de prières, les salles d’études, les carrefours obscurs, et même auprès des malades, avec l’autorisation du cohen (les autres personnes profiteront du voisinage)."
|
141 |
+
]
|
142 |
+
],
|
143 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
144 |
+
"Chapter",
|
145 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
146 |
+
]
|
147 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/English/Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de].json
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"language": "en",
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"title": "Mishnah Terumot",
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"versionTitle": "Mischnajot mit deutscher Übersetzung und Erklärung. Berlin 1887-1933 [de]",
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"versionNotes": "Ordnung Seraïm, übers. und erklärt von Ascher Samter. 1887.<br>Ordnung Moed, von Eduard Baneth. 1887-1927.<br>Ordnung Naschim, von Marcus Petuchowski u. Simon Schlesinger. 1896-1933.<br>Ordnung Nesikin, von David Hoffmann. 1893-1898.<br>Ordnung Kodaschim, von John Cohn. 1910-1925.<br>Ordnung Toharot, von David Hoffmann, John Cohn und Moses Auerbach. 1910-1933.",
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23 |
+
"Fünf dürfen nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> absondern, und wenn sie es getan, gilt die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> nicht als solche, nämlich: der Taubstumme, der Blödsinnige, der Minderjährige, ferner wer vom fremden Eigentum absondert<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dass diese fünf Personen nicht fähig sind <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> abzusondern, wird aus einem einzigen Verse hergeleitet; denn es heisst (Exodus 25, 1): <span dir=\"rtl\">דבר אל בני ישראל ויקחו לי תרומה מאת כל איש אשר ידבנו לבו</span>. „Zu den Kindern Israel‟, ausgenommen ein Götzendiener; „von jedem Manne‟, ausgenommen ein Kind, „dem es sein Herz eingiebt‟, ausgenommen ein Taubstummer und Blödsinniger, die keine richtigen Gedanken haben, „und dieses ist die Hebesteuer, die Du von ihnen nehmen sollst‟, ausgenommen von dem, was ihm nicht gehört.</i>. Wenn der Götzendiener sie vom Eigentume eines Israeliten absondert, selbst wenn dieser ihn dazu ermächtigt hat, so gilt sie nicht.",
|
24 |
+
"Ein Tauber, der spricht, aber nicht hört, soll nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> absondern<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil, wenn er den betreffenden Segenspruch spricht, er ihn nicht hört, was dem entgegen steht, was im Traktat Berachot, Abschn. 2, m. 3 gelehrt worden ist.</i>, aber wenn er es getan hat, ist sie gültig. Der Taube, von welchem die Weisen sprechen, ist (in den meisten Fällen) nur ein solcher gemeint, der weder hört noch spricht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der vom Mutterleibe an, taub geboren ist.</i>.",
|
25 |
+
"Die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> eines Minderjährigen, dem noch nicht die zwei Haare gewachsen sind<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das Zeichen der Pubertät.</i>, ist nach R. Jehudah gültig; R. Jose sagt: Wenn es vor seinem Eintritt in die Zeit, da seine Gelübde gelten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ein Knabe, im Alter von zwölf Jahren und einem Tage, und ein Mädchen von elf Jahren und einem Tage.</i>, geschieht, gilt auch seine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> nicht; wenn aber nach dem Eintritt dieser Zeit, ist sie gültig.",
|
26 |
+
"Man darf nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> in Oliven für Öl, und in Weintrauben für Wein geben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Man darf nicht von unzubereiteten Früchten, für das Zubereitete <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> absondern.</i>, wenn es geschehen ist, so lehrt Bet Samai, die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ist für sie selbst darunter<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dadurch jedoch, dass ein Teil <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> im Ganzen enthalten ist, wird es <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> und darf nur von <span dir=\"rtl\">כהנים</span> verzehrt werden.</i>, Bet Hillel jedoch sagt: sie gilt gar nicht.",
|
27 |
+
"Man darf nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> bestimmen: von Früchten der Nachlese, von Vergessenem (<span dir=\"rtl\">שכחה</span>) und <span dir=\"rtl\">פאה</span>, so wie vom Preisgegebenen; ferner nicht vom ersten Zehnt, dessen <span dir=\"rtl\">תחמה</span> bereits abgenommen ist, nicht vom ausgelösten zweiten Zehnt, nicht vom Geheiligten, das ausgelöst worden; ferner nicht von solchen Früchten, von denen man <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> zu geben verpflichtet, Für die davon befreiten, und nicht von den befreiten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Z. B. von solchen Früchten, die noch nicht bis zum dritten Teil ihres Wachstums gelangt sind, solche sind vom Verzehnten frei.</i>, für die pflichtigen; nicht von dem, was abgepflückt, für das noch am Boden haftende, und von dem noch haftenden für das Abgepflückte; nicht vom Neuen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Von den Früchten dieses Jahres.</i>für Altes<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Von den Früchten des verflossenen Jahres.</i>, oder vom Alten für Neues. Nicht von inländischen Früchten für ausländische, und nicht von ausländischen für inländische; und wenn es geschehen ist, gilt die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> nicht.",
|
28 |
+
"Fünf sollen keine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> absondern, aber wenn sie es getan haben, dann gilt die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>: Der Stumme<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Er kann hören, ist in Folge einer Krankheit sprachlos geworden. Da er keinen Segen sprechen kann, sollte er keine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> geben; ebenso beim Nackten, und beim <span dir=\"rtl\">בעל קרי</span>, da es heisst: (Deuteronomium 23, 15) <span dir=\"rtl\">ולא יראה בך ערות דבר</span>. „Gott darf bei Dir keine Blösse sehen‟. — Dennoch wenn es geschehen, dass sie abgesondert haben, ist die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> gültig.</i>, der Betrunkene, der Nackte, der Blinde<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Betrunkene, der so trunken ist, dass er nicht vor einem Könige sprechen kann. Der Betrunkene und der Blinde können nicht die besten Früchte für <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> aussuchen, während es doch heisst (Num. 18, 29) <span dir=\"rtl\">מכל מתנותיכם תרימו את כל תרומת ה׳ מכל חלבו את מקדשו ממנו</span>. „Von all euren Gaben sollt ihr alle Hebe des Ewigen erheben, von allem Besten desselben, das Geheiligte davon.</i>und der, durch nächtlichen Zufall Unreine; alle diese sollen keine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> absondern, aber wenn sie es getan, gilt die <span dir=\"ltr\">תרומה</span>.",
|
29 |
+
"Man sondert nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ab nach Maass, Gewicht und Zahl, aber wohl von Gemessenem, Gewogenem und Gezähltem. Auch sondert man die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> nicht mit einem Korbe oder Kasten von bestimmtem Maasse, aber wohl darf man von selbigen die Hälfte oder ein Drittel mit <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> füllen. Dagegen darf man nicht die Hälfte eines <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> nehmen, weil dessen Hälfte ein bestimmtes Maass ist<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da in dem <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> oft Zeichen für ein Halbes, Drittel und Vielte angegeben sind.</i>.",
|
30 |
+
"Man nimmt nicht als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> Öl, für zu zerdrückende Oliven, nicht Wein für zu kelternde Trauben, wenn man es aber getan hat, so ist die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> gültig, man muss aber nochmals wieder <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> geben. Die erstere bewirkt, dass Früchte <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> werden, und man muss ein Fünftel darüber ersetzen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn ein Nichtpriester von der <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> aus Versehen isst, so muss er das Ganze und überdies ein Fünftel dem Priester ersetzen.</i>, bei der zweiten findet das nicht statt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil das <span dir=\"rtl\">מדרבנן</span> ist.</i>.",
|
31 |
+
"Man darf als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> Öl bestimmen für eingemachte Oliven<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Gesalzene Oliven, die in Wein oder Essig eingemacht sind, damit sie sich auf die Dauer halten, sind zu betrachten als etwas Fertiges; darum darf man durch Öl auf sie absondern.</i>, und Wein für Weintrauben, die zu Rosinen bestimmt sind<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Auch hier ist etwas Fertiges vorhanden.</i>. Falls Einer Öl für zum Essen bestimmte Oliven, Oliven für andere zum Essen bestimmte Oliven, Wein für zum Essen bestimmte Trauben, oder Trauben für andere zum Essen bestimmte Trauben abgesondert hat, und sich dann besinnt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">18</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Sie nicht zu essen, sondern zu pressen.</i>, dieselben zu pressen, so braucht er nicht abermals <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> abzusondern<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">19</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil er etwas Fertiges auf Fertiges absonderte.</i>.",
|
32 |
+
"Man bestimmt keine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> von einer Sache, deren Arbeit vollendet ist<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">20</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Z. B. Das Getreide, welches im Hause bereits abgesondert ist.</i>, für die, deren Arbeit noch nicht vollendet ist<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">21</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das Getreide, welches noch nicht glatt abgestrichen ist; denn es heisst (Numeri 18, 27): <span dir=\"rtl\">ונחשב לכם תרומתכם כדגן מן הגרן וכמלאה מן היקב</span> »Und es soll Euch (Leviten) Eure <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> gerechnet werden, wie Getreide von der Tenne und wie Fülle aus der Kelter«, wo Getreide und Most fertig sind.</i>, und umgekehrt von einer Sache deren Arbeit unvollendet ist, für eine Sache, deren Arbeit vollendet ist; auch nicht von Unvollendetem für Unvollendetes; wenn man es aber getan hat, gilt die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>."
|
33 |
+
],
|
34 |
+
[
|
35 |
+
"Man darf nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> bestimmen vom Reinen für das Verunreinigte; ist es aber geschehen, so gilt die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>. Doch hat man festgesetzt, dass man von einem Feigenkuchen, woran ein Stück verunreinigt wurde, von dem reinem Teil für den unreinen Teil, der daran ist, die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> bestimmen kann<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Obgleich die Feigen in dem Kuchen aneinander kleben, werden sie doch nicht in Bezug auf <span dir=\"rtl\">טומאה</span> als verbunden angesehen; wenn deshalb eine Feige verunreinigt worden ist, wird die andere dadurch nicht unrein.</i>. Ebenso ein Bündel Kräuter und in einem Haufen Getreide. Dagegen wenn von zwei Feigenkuchen, zwei Bündeln, zwei Haufen, einer unrein, der andere rein ist, darf man nicht von dem einen für den andern absondern. Rabbi Elieser sagt: Man darf vom Reinen für das Unreine absondern.",
|
36 |
+
"Man darf nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> bestimmen vom Unreinen für das Reine. Wenn man es aus Versehen getan, gilt die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>; wenn mit Vorsatz, ist es nichtig. Eben so wenn ein <span dir=\"rtl\">לוי</span>, welcher Zehnt besitzt, das noch <span dir=\"rtl\">טבל</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Davon noch nicht das <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומת מעשר</span> abgesondert ist.</i>ist, davon für seine übrigen Zehnten <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> bestimmt hat, so gilt es, wenn er es aus Versehen getan; ist aber, wenn er es mit Vorsatz getan, ungültig. R. Jehudah sagt: Wenn er es vorher gewusst hat, ist es auch im Falle eines Versehens ungültig.",
|
37 |
+
"Wenn Jemand am Sabbat Gefässe zum Reinigen im Wasser untertaucht, so darf er, falls er es aus Versehen getan, sich ihrer bedienen, nicht aber, wenn er es mit Vorsatz getan<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil es angesehen wird, als stelle er ein Gefäss her, was am Sabbat verboten ist.</i>.— Wenn Jemand am Sabbat Früchte verzehntet, oder etwas kocht, so darf er es, wenn es aus Versehen geschehen, nach Sabbat essen, nicht aber, wenn er es mit Vorsatz getan. — Wer am Sabbat etwas pflanzt, darf es, wenn es aus Versehen geschehen ist, stehen lassen, wenn mit Vorsatz, muss er es ausreissen. Wenn man im siebenten Jahre etwas gepflanzt hat, so muss man es, sei es aus Irrtum oder vorsätzlich geschehen, ausreissen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil die Israeliten in Bezug auf <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> verdächtig sind, aber nicht auf Sabbat.</i>.",
|
38 |
+
"Man darf nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> bestimmen von einer Art Früchte auf eine andere, und wenn man es getan, gilt die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> nicht. Alle Arten Weizen gelten für eine, so auch alle Arten Feigen, dürre Feigen und Feigenkuchen, und man kann von einer auf die andere bestimmen. Wo ein Priester ist, entrichtet man die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> vom Besten, wo aber kein Priester ist, von dem, was sich lange erhält. R. Jehudah sagt: Immer vom Besten.",
|
39 |
+
"Man bestimmt eine kleine ganze Zwiebel und nicht eine halbe grosse<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die kleine ganze Zwiebel erhält sich länger als die halbe grosse.</i>. R. Jehudah sagt: Nicht doch! sondern eine halbe grosse Zwiebel<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da diese halbe besser ist.</i>. Ebenso sagt er: Man bestimmt als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> von Stadtzwiebeln für die vom Dorfe<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil die Stadtzwiebeln schmackhafter sind.</i>, aber nicht umgekehrt, weil die Stadtzwiebeln die Speise der feineren Welt ist<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">פוליטיקין</span> griechisch = πολιτικός einem Bürger, einem Staatsmann geziemend.</i>.",
|
40 |
+
"Ferner nimmt man als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> Öl - Oliven<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Welche da sind, um Öl zu geben.</i>für Einmache - Oliven<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Solche Oliven, welche kein Öl geben, diese werden in Wein oder Essig eigemacht.</i>, aber nicht umgekehrt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil die Ersteren besser als die Letzteren sind.</i>; ungekochten Wein<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der lässt sich besser trinken als der gekochte.</i>für gekochten, aber nicht umgekehrt. Folgendes ist die Regel: Was <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> mit einander ist, darf man nicht für einander, selbst nicht das Bessere für das Schlechtere, als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> bestimmen. Was aber nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> mit einander ist, darf man als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> für einander bestimmen; doch nur Besseres für Schlechteres, nicht aber umgekehrt; wenn Letzteres jedoch geschehen ist, gilt die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>. Nur nicht etwa Lolch für Weizen, denn jenes ist nicht geniessbar<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ist für Menschen nicht geniessbar, es ist Vogelfutter.</i>, Gurken und Zuckermelonen sind einerlei Art. R. Jehudah sagt: Sie sind verschiedenartig."
|
41 |
+
],
|
42 |
+
[
|
43 |
+
"Wenn Jemand eine Gurke als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> bestimmt, und es findet sich, dass sie bitter ist; oder eine Melone, und es findet sich, dass sie faul ist, — so gilt die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> und man muss noch eine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> entrichten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Obgleich es aus Versehen geschah, da er die Frucht hätte schenken können.</i>. Wenn Jemand ein Fass Wein als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> bestimmt, und es findet sich nachher, dass es Essig ist, so gilt, insofern es bekannt ist, dass der Wein vor der Bestimmung als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> zu Essig geworden, die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> nicht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil Wein und Essig zwei verschiedene Arten sind.</i>; wenn er erst nachher sauer geworden, ist sie gültig; wenn es zweifelhaft ist<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ob er vor der Bestimmung oder nach derselben sauer wurde.</i>, ist es <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, und man muss noch eine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> entrichten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Beide <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומות</span> gibt er dem Priester und dieser zahlt ihm den Wert der ersten, welcher mehr beträgt, als der zweiten.</i>. Die erstere für sich allein macht Früchte nicht <span dir=\"ltr\">מדומע</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn die ersten in eine Quantität <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, die nicht das hundertfache <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> beträgt, hineinfällt, so wird das ganze nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span>; denn vielleicht ist die erste keine richtige <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, sondern die zweite; und so auch die zweite ist keine gewisse <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>.</i>, und man zahlt bei deren Ersatz das Fünftel nicht darüber<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ein Nichtpriester (<span dir=\"rtl\">זר</span>), welcher die erste oder zweite <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> besonders ass bezahlt nicht das übliche Fünftel, welches derjenige zu entrichten hat, der <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> geniesst.</i>. Ebenso verhält es sich mit der zweiten.",
|
44 |
+
"Fällt eine von beiden in <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, macht es sie nicht zu <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span>, auch nicht, wenn die zweite an einer anderen Stelle unter <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> fällt. Fallen aber beide an einer Stelle, so machen sie <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span>, nach dem Maass der kIeinern von beiden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nach dem Maasse der zweiten, welche die kleinste von beiden ist. Wenn nun die Quantität <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> hundert Mal so viel ist als die kleine, so wird es nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span>; er nimmt aber von den <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> soviel als die zwei <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומות</span> betragen, welche in sie hineingefallen waren und gibt sie dem Priester, und das Uebrige bleibt, <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, was es früher war.</i>.",
|
45 |
+
"Wenn Teilhaber, Einer nach dem Andern <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> bestimmt haben, so ist nach R. Akiba die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> Beider gültig<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Allerdings zur Hälfte.</i>. Die Weisen aber sagen: Nur die des Ersten ist <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>. R. Jose sagt: Wenn der Erste das all gemein geltende Maass schon zu <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> bestimmt hat, gilt die des zweiten nicht; hat er aber nicht das gehörige Maass bestimmt,gilt auch die, des Zweiten.",
|
46 |
+
"Wobei ist dies festgesetzt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dass R. Akiba urteilt die <span dir=\"rtl\">תדומה</span> Beider ist gültig.</i>? Wenn der eine Teilhaber nichts verabredet hatte<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Er hatte mit dem Andern keine Rucksprache genommen, sondern nach seinem eigen Gutdünken gehandelt.</i>; hat aber Einer auch nur ein Mitglied seiner Familie etwa seinen Sohn, oder seinen Knecht, oder seine Magd beauftragt <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> zu bestimmen, so ist diese gültig. Widerrief er es bevor es geschehen, so gilt sie nicht. Widerruft er nachdem es geschehen, so ist sie gültig. Arbeiter haben nicht die Befugniss <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> zu entrichten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Von den Früchten, die sie zubereiten.</i>, ausgenommen die Keltertreter, weil die Herren sogleich leicht die Kelter unrein machen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Besitzer sind gewöhnlich <span dir=\"rtl\">עמי הארץ</span>, welche Arbeiter mieten, die <span dir=\"rtl\">חברים</span> sind, damit dieselben in Reinheit absondern; diese können sofort absondern, bevor die Herren kommen, und durch ihre Berührung die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> verunreinigen.</i>.",
|
47 |
+
"Wenn Einer sagt: die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> dieses Haufens sei in demselben entalten, sein Zehnt sei in demselben, die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> vom Zehnt sei in demselben, so heisst dieses wie R. Simeon sagt: Er hat sie durch Namenbenennung bestimmt, die Weisen sagen: Nur wenn er spricht: An dessen Nord- oder Südseite. R. Elieser Chasma meint: Wer sagt: die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> dieses Haufens sei aus demselben für denselben, so habe er ihn durch Namenbenennung bestimmt. R. Elieser ben Jakob lehrt: Auch wenn man spricht: der zehnte Teil dieses Zehnts, sei für denselben <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומת מעשר</span> (Zehnthebe), so hat er es benannt.",
|
48 |
+
"Wenn Jemand die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> früher absondert als die Erstlinge, den ersten Zehnt vor der <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, den zweiten Zehnt vor dem ersten, so ist, obgleich er dadurch ein Verbot übertritt, weil es (Exodus 22, 28) heisst: »Du sollst die Abgaben von der Tenne und der Kelter nicht verzögern<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> D. h. Du darfst die Ordnung ihrer Abgaben nicht verändern.</i>«, doch das Getane gültig.",
|
49 |
+
"Woraus aber ist zu beweisen, dass die Erstlinge der <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> vorangehen, das eine wie das andere heisst ja in der Schrift <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> und <span dir=\"ltr\">ראשית</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Erstlinge werden <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> genannt, weil es (Deuteron. 12, 7) heisst: <span dir=\"rtl\">ואת תרומת ידכם</span> »Und die Hebe Eurer Hand«; das wird auf Erstlinge bezogen, da es (Deuter. 26, 4) heisst: <span dir=\"rtl\">ולקח הכהן הטנא מידך</span> = »Und der Priester nimmt den Korb aus Deiner Hand«. Die Erstlinge heissen auch <span dir=\"rtl\">ראשית</span>, denn es heisst: (Exod. 23, 29) <span dir=\"rtl\">ראשית בכורי אדמתך</span> »Die frühesten Erstlinge Deines Landertrages«. <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> heisst <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, weil die Schrift sagt (Numeri 18, 8) <span dir=\"rtl\">את משמרת תרומותי</span> »Die Beobachtung meiner Heben«; und heisst <span dir=\"rtl\">ראשית</span> wie geschrieben steht (Deuteron. 18, 4) <span dir=\"rtl\">ראשית דגנך</span> »Das Erste Deines Getreides«.</i>? Aber die Erstlinge gehen vor, weil sie vor Allem die Erstlinge sind<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Ausdruck <span dir=\"rtl\">בכורים</span> bezeichnet das Früheste, das zuerst Reife.</i>. Die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> geht dem ersten Zehnt vor, weil sie auch <span dir=\"rtl\">ראשית</span>, (Erstes) genannt wird; und der erste Zehnt geht dem zweiten vor, weil noch die Zehnthebe drin enthalten ist, welche <span dir=\"rtl\">ראשית</span> heisst.",
|
50 |
+
"Wenn Jemand beabsichtigt <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> auszusprechen, und spricht aus Versehen <span dir=\"rtl\">מעשר</span>, oder umgekehrt; ebenso, wenn Jemand sagen will <span dir=\"rtl\">עולה</span> (Ganzopfer), und sagt dafür <span dir=\"rtl\">שלמים</span> (Friedensopfer), oder umgekehrt; auch so, wenn er gelobt, und statt zu sagen: dass ich nicht in dieses Hans eingehe, ein anderes nennt; oder: dass ich von Diesem keinen Genuss haben will, und einen Andern nennt; — so gilt das Gesagte nicht. Es muss durchaus Wort und Absichtübereinstimmen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denn es heisst (Deut. 23, 24) <span dir=\"rtl\">מוצא שפתיך תשמר</span> »Was Deinen Lippen entfahren, musst Du halten«. Dann aber steht geschrieben (Exod. 35, 5) <span dir=\"rtl\">כל איש אשר ידבנו לבו</span> = »Jedermann, dem es sein Herz freiwillig eingiebt« daraus ist bewiesen, er beschliesst es in seinem Herzen und so spricht er es aus, dann nur hat es Gültigkeit.</i>.",
|
51 |
+
"Die, von einem Götzendiener oder Samaritaner für ihr Eigentum entrichtete <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, gilt als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, ihr Zehnt als Zehnt, ihr Geheiligtes, als geheiligt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nur wenn sie von ihrem Besitztume absonderten ist es richtig, wenn sie aber Bevollmächtigte eines Israeliten sind, ist es nicht gültig.</i>. R. Jehudah sagt: Beim Götzendiener findet das Gesetz des Weinberges im vierten Jahre nicht statt. Die Weisen dagegen urteilen, es gelte. Die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> des Götzendieners macht <span dir=\"ltr\">מדומע</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">18</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn sie in eine Quantität von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, die weniger als das Hundertfache derselben beträgt hereingefallen ist.</i>, und man muss beim Ersatz ein Fünftel hinzulegen. R. Simeon erklärt das Letztere für unnötig."
|
52 |
+
],
|
53 |
+
[
|
54 |
+
"Wenn Jemand nur einen Teil der Hebe oder des Zehnt abgesondert hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Er hat z. B. aus einem Haufen <span dir=\"rtl\">טבל</span>, der hundert <span dir=\"rtl\">סאין</span> enthält nur eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה תרומה</span> statt zweier, abgesondert; er hat aber die Absicht die andere <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> aus demselben Haufen auch noch abzusondern, so darf er die zweite <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> aus diesem Hauten nehmen, um das Maass von zwei <span dir=\"rtl\">סאין</span> von hundert, richtig herzustellen; denn wir halten dafür, dass er die zweite <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> aus dem <span dir=\"rtl\">טבל</span> entnimmt und nicht von dem, was schon hergestellt ist.</i>, so darf er den übrigen Teil aus demselben Haufen für denselben nehmen, aber nicht für andere Früchte<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn er noch einen andern Haufen von hundert <span dir=\"rtl\">סאין טבל</span> besitzt und will von dem eben genannten zwei <span dir=\"rtl\">סאין</span> entnehmen, so ist das nicht zulässig; denn wir sagen, er kann vielleicht auf das Hergestellte treffen und davon nehmen. Nach der andern LA. darf er nicht von andern Früchten für diese <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> geben.</i>. R. Meïr sagt: Er darf auch dies.",
|
55 |
+
"Wenn Jemand seine Früchte auf dem Lager hat und eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> einem Leviten und eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> einem Armen gegeben hat, so kann er aus der Masse acht <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> absondern und geniessen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Hier ist die Rede von dem Falle, dass der Besitzer ein <span dir=\"rtl\">עם הארץ</span> und der Arbeiter ein <span dir=\"rtl\">חבר</span> ist; derselbe sah, dass der Herr eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> als <span dir=\"rtl\">מעשר ראשון</span> für den Leviten, und eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> als <span dir=\"rtl\">מעשר עני</span> für den Armen absonderte; da kann dei Arbeiter acht <span dir=\"rtl\">סאין</span> von dem Lager essen, die hergestellt sind; denn wegen der <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה גדולה</span> braucht er nicht besorgt zu sein, da die <span dir=\"rtl\">עמי הארץ</span> dieserhalb nicht verdächtig sind.</i>; so R. Meïr. Die Weisen sagen: er darf nur nach Verhältniss<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Mahlzeit, die er bei ihm verzehren will, herausnehmen, da das Übrige, das der Besitzer dem Leviten und dem Armen gab, als ein Geschenk für dieselben erachtet werden kann.</i>absondern.",
|
56 |
+
"Das Maass der <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ist folgendes: Ein Wohlwollender giebt eins von vierzig. Die Schule Samai’s meint, eins von dreissig. Ein mittelmässig Spendender, eins von fünfzig. Ein Karger eins von sechzig. Hat Jemand nach Gutdünken <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> bestimmt, und es zeigt sich als ein Sechzigstel, so gilt die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, und er braucht sie nicht zu vermehren; vermehrt er sie aber, so ist er verpflichtet, die Zugabe zu verzehnten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil das Abgesonderte schon der <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>-Pflicht genügte, und das Hinzugefügte <span dir=\"rtl\">טבל</span> ist, was man verzehnten muss.</i>. Zeigt sich aber, dass sie eins von einundsechzig war, so gilt die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> und er muss noch <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> zugeben bis zu dem Maasse, welches er zu geben gewohnt ist; das Letztere allenfalls nach Maass, Gewicht oder Zahl. R. Jehudah sagt: Auch allenfalls aus Früchten, die nicht an einer und derselben Umgebung liegen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> In ein und derselben Scheune, Kammer oder in einem sonstigen Behältniss.</i>.",
|
57 |
+
"Sagt Jemand zu seinem Boten: Geh und entrichte die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, so muss dieser nach der Meinung des Eigentümers verfahren. Kennt er dessen Meinung nicht, so giebt er nach dem mittlern Maasse, eins von fünfzig. Hat er dabei zehn zu wenig, oder zu viel in Anschlag gebracht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Also ein Vierzigstel oder ein Sechzigstel gegeben.</i>, so gilt die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>; hat er aber absichtlich, auch nur um eins mehr gegeben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Er kannte den Gedanken des Herrn, fügte aber absichtlich eins hinzu.</i>, so ist sie ungültig.",
|
58 |
+
"Wenn Einer mehr <span dir=\"ltr\">תרומה</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Als üblich ist.</i>geben will, so sagt R. Elieser: Er kann bis eins von zehn geben, wie die Hebe vom Zehnt; ist es mehr als dies, so muss er den Überschuss zur Zehnthebe für andere Früchte machen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Diese giebt er dem Leviten, welcher ihm soviel <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> als dieses <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומת מעשר</span> beträgt dafür giebt. Der Levite benutzt es als Zehnthebe.</i>. R. Ismael sagt: Man kann die eine Hälfte als <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> lassen und die andere Hälfte als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> geben. R. Tarphon und R. Akiba sagen: Wenn man nur etwas als <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> übrig lässt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das erkennbar ist, so kann man das Weisse zur <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> verwenden.</i>",
|
59 |
+
"Zu drei verschiedenen Zeiten schützt man den Korb in Betreff seines Inhaltes<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Korb, mittelst dessen man die Zehnten und das Hebezehnt abmisst, denn diese müssen geniessen werden, wohingegen die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> nur nach Gutdünken abgesondert wird. Der Korb wird in drei angegebenen Zeiten abgeschätzt, um zu wissen, wieviel von den Früchten hineingeht.</i>; zur Zeit der Erstlinge<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da sind die Früchte gross, folglich umfasst der Korb nicht soviel, als zur Zeit des Spätsommers, wo die Früchte schon zusammengeschrumpft sind.</i>, im Spätsommer und in der Mitte des Sommers<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da sind sie reif, nicht zu gross und nicht zu klein.</i>. Wer nach Zahl giebt, ist lobenswert, wer nach Maass giebt, ist lobenswerter und wer nach Gewicht giebt, ist unter den Dreien am lobenswertesten.",
|
60 |
+
"R. Elieser sagt: Die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> geht auf unter hundert und eins<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn nämlich eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה תרומה</span> in hundert <span dir=\"rtl\">סאין חולין</span> gefallen ist, so dass dieses zusammen hundert und eins ausmacht, so nimmt er eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> davon und gibt sie dem Priester, das übrige bleibt <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, wie es früher war.</i>. R. Josua sagt: Schon unter hundert und darüber, und dieser Überschuss hat kein Maass. R. Jose ben Meschulam lehrt: Dieser Überschuss muss wenigstens ein Kab bei hundert <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> sein, nämlich ein Sechstel der <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> bewirkenden <span dir=\"ltr\">תרומה</span>.",
|
61 |
+
"R. Josua sagt: Schwarze Feigen machen, dass die weissen aufgehen, und umgekehrt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn eine schwarze oder weisse Feige <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, welche unter hundert Feigen von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, von denen die eine Hälfte schwarz und die andere Hälfte weiss ist, hineinfällt, so werden alle zur Aufhebung zusammengerechnet. Ist eine schwarze hineingefallen, so nimmt er eine schwarze heraus; ist eine weisse hineingefallen, nimmt er eine weisse heraus, und das Übrige ist <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>.</i>; grosse Feigenkuchen machen, dass die kleinen aufgehen und umgekehrt; runde Feigenkuchen machen, dass die viereckigen aufgehen und umgekehrt. R. Elieser hält es für unerlaubt. R. Akiba sagt: Wenn man weiss, welche Art <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> darunter geraten, bewirkt das Eine das Aufgehen des Andern, wohl aber, wenn man es nicht weiss.",
|
62 |
+
"Wie zum Beispiel: Wenn unter fünfzig schwarze Feigen und fünfzig weisse Feigen eine schwarze (<span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>) fällt, so sind (nach R. Akiba) die schwarzen verboten, die weissen erlaubt; fällt ein Teil weisse, so sind die weissen verboten und die schwarzen erlaubt; weiss man nicht, welche Art darunter geraten, so werden sie gegenseitig zusammengerechnet. Und in diesen Fällen entscheidet R. Elieser strenger und R. Josua gelinder.",
|
63 |
+
"Dahingegen entscheidet im folgenden Falle R. Elieser gelinder und R. Josua strenger: Wenn Jemand ein Pfund dürre Feigen (von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>) gepresst auf die Mündung eines (gefüllten) Feigengefässes getan hat, und nicht mehr weiss, auf welches, da sagt R. Elieser: Man sieht sie alle als gesondert an, und die unten liegenden machen, dass die oberen mit in der Rechnung aufgehen. R. Josua sagt: Es geht nur dann auf, wenn noch hundert Gefässe von gleichem Inhalte da sind. (Andernfalls sind sämmtliche Mündungen als <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> anzusehen).",
|
64 |
+
"Wenn eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> auf die Mündung eines Fruchtbehältnisses gefallen ist, und man sie abgehoben hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">וקפאה</span> = das <span dir=\"rtl\">תרגום</span> von (2. B. der Könige 6, 6) <span dir=\"rtl\">ויצף הברזל</span> ist <span dir=\"rtl\">וקפא פרזלא</span>=das Eisen schwamm. Also ist <span dir=\"rtl\">קפא</span> soviel als: das Oberste abheben, und das Substantivum <span dir=\"rtl\">קפוי</span> = der Abhub.</i>, so sagt R. Elieser: Wenn in dem Abhube<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">18</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Mit dem, was sich darunter befindet. So Jeruschalmi.</i>noch hundert <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> enthalten sind, geht die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> in hundert und eins auf. R. Josua sagt: Sie geht nicht auf. Wenn also eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה תרומה</span> auf die Mündung eines Behältnisses gefallen ist, so hebe man sie ab; allein wenn man einwenden möchte, man habe ja verordnet, dass die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> in hundert und eins aufgehe, (so dient zur Antwort): Dies gilt nur, wenn man nicht weiss, ob die Früchte vermengt seien, oder an welche Stelle die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> gefallen sei.",
|
65 |
+
"Es sind zwei Kasten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">19</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> In jedem befinden sich fünfzig <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span>.</i>und zwei Behältnisse, in deren eins eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה תרומה</span> hineingefallen ist, und man weiss nicht in welches von Beiden; so hilft das eine dem andern (die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>) aufheben. R. Simeon sagt; Selbst wenn sie sich in zwei verschiedenen Städten befinden.",
|
66 |
+
"R. Jose erzählt: Es kam einst der Fall vor R. Akiba, dass unter fünfzig Bündel Kräuter ein Bündel gefallen, wovon die Hälfte <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> war<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">20</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Dieses Bündel bestand zur Hälfte aus <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> und zur Hälfte aus <span dir=\"ltr\">חולין</span>.</i>. Ich entschied damals in seiner Gegenwart; Die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> geht auf; nicht etwa weil die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> unter einundfünfzig aufginge, sondern weil ein Hundert und zwei Halbe da waren<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">21</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es war ihm merkwürdig, dass das hineingefallene Bündel, welches doch aus <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> und <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> gemischt war, nicht als <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> angesehen wurde.</i>"
|
67 |
+
],
|
68 |
+
[
|
69 |
+
"Wenn eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> unrein gewordene <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> in weniger als hundert <span dir=\"ltr\">חולין</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Unreine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> wird gleichfalls durch hundert Mal <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> aufgehoben.</i>oder ersten Zehnt oder zweiten Zehnt oder Geheiligtes fällt, diese seien nun rein oder unrein; so muss das Ganze dem Verderben preisgegeben werden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da der Priester selbige nicht verzehren darf.</i>. Ist aber die <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> rein<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Und auch die <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> sind rein.</i>, so muss man das Ganze, mit Ausnahme des Wertes einer <span dir=\"ltr\">סאה</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Welche dem Priester gehört.</i>für den Wert von Hebefrüchten an die Priester verkaufen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Derselbe ist nicht so gross, wie der von gewöhnlichen Früchten, weil nur die Priester, also eine kleine Anzahl von Personen, sie verzehren dürfen; dann auch wenn sie unrein wurden, sind sie ungeniessbar.</i>. Ist es in ersten Zehnt gefallen, so bestimme man Alles durch Namenbenennung als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> des Zehnt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Man bitte einen Leviten, dass er das Gemischte annehme und es für <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> umtausche, der Levite wird alsdann daraus <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומת מעשר</span> für sein <span dir=\"rtl\">טבל</span> machen.</i>. Ist es in zweiten Zehnt oder Geheiligtes gefallen, so müssen sie ausgelöst werden. Waren die <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> hingegen unrein, als die <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> hineinfiel, so darf man sie nur trocken<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">נקודים</span> = dürres Brot Aruch. cf. Josua 9, 5.</i>oder als geröstete Körner verzehren, oder man knete sie mit Fruchtsaft<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Z. B. mit Oliven und Granatapfelsaft.</i>, oder verteile sie unter andere Teige, so dass nirgends davon die Grösse eines Eies beisammen bleibt.",
|
70 |
+
"Wenn eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> unreiner <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> unter hundert reine <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> gefallen ist, so soll man nach R. Elieser eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> abnehmen und verbrennen, denn ich kann annehmen, die hineingefallene <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> sei dieselbe, welche wieder herausgenommen worden ist. Die Weisen aber sagen: Sie geht auf und darf Tom Priester nur trocken oder in gerösteten Körnern oder in Fruchtsaft geknetet gegessen, oder in Teige so verteilt werden, dass nirgends davon die Grösse eines Eies beisammen bleibt.",
|
71 |
+
"Wenn eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> reiner <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> unter hundert unreine <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> gefallen ist, so geht sie auf, und darf nur trocken, oder in gedörrten Körnern, oder in Fruchtsaft geknetet gegessen oder in andere Teige so verteilt werden, dass nirgends von der Grösse eines Eies beisammen bleibe.",
|
72 |
+
"Wenn eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> unreiner <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> unter hundert <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> reine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> gefallen ist, so ist nach der Schule Samai’s alles verboten, nach der Schule Hillels alles erlaubt. Die Schule Hillels wendet gegen die Samai’s ein: Da die reine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> den Laien und die unreine den Priestern untersagt ist, so müsste doch, so gut wie die reine im gesetzlichen Verhältniss aufgeht, auch die unreine aufgehen. Die Schule Samai’s erwiederte darauf: Wenn die <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, welche an sich leichter sind, da ihr Genuss dem Laien gestattet ist, bewirken, dass die reine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> aufgeht, so darf darum noch nicht die einem strengem Rechte unterliegende und den Laien unerlaubte <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> die unreine mit aufgehen machen. Nachdem aber die Schule Samai’s doch nachgegeben hatte, sagt R. Elieser: Die eingefallene <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> solle herausgenommen und verbrannt werden. Die Weisen aber sagen: Sie wird durch ihre Geringfügigkeit als nichtig angesehen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da doch alles <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ist, und hierdurch kein Daub an dem Priesterstamme begangen wird, braucht man nicht einmal etwas abzusondern.</i>.",
|
73 |
+
"Eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> Hebe, welche unter hundert von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> fiel, und nachdem man sie wieder herausgehoben, anderswohin gefallen ist, bewirkt, so sagt R. Elieser, ebenso <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> wie völlige <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>. Die Weisen jedoch sagen: Sie bewirkt das <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> nur nach Verhältniss<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es wird nur ein Hundertstel der <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> betrachtet; gegen eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה חולין</span> geht sie daher auf.</i>.",
|
74 |
+
"Wenn eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> Hebe unter weniger als hundert gefallen ist und die Früchte <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> geworden, von diesen Früchten nun einige anderswohin gefallen sind, so sagt R. Elieser: Sie bewirken <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span>, wie völlige <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>. Die Weisen aber sagen: <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> kann nur nach Verhältnissberechnung <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> bewirken<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nämlich nur so weit, als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> in der <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> ist.</i>. Eben so wenn von einem mit <span dir=\"rtl\">חרומה</span> gesäuertem Teige, etwas mit Teig von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> vermischt worden ist, so wird solches nur nach Verhältniss berechnet<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn ein Teig von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> mit Sauerteig von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> gesäuert wird, so ist der ganze Teig Nichtpriestern verboten. Fällt nun von diesem Teige etwas in einen andern Teig von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, wodurch derselbe gesäuert wird so wird er nur nach Verhältniss des Sauerteiges von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> , der hineingemischt ist, berechnet, und nur dann ist der andere Teig verboten, wenn der, vom ersten Hineingefallene, so gross ist, um den letzten zu säuern, ohne dass man die <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, welche <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> sind, dazu rechnet.</i>. Auch machen geschöpfte Wasser die <span dir=\"ltr\">מקוה</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מקוה</span> = Tauche = Wassersammlung, welche vierzig <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> enthält. Es ist das gesetzliche Bad für Unreine.</i>nur dann unerlaubt, wenn sie das Verhältniss haben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Für eine <span dir=\"rtl\">מקוה</span>, in welcher sich einundzwanzig <span dir=\"rtl\">סאיו</span> Regenwasser befinden, darf man mit der Schulter neunzehn <span dir=\"rtl\">סאין</span> Wasser schöpfen und dieselben zu der <span dir=\"rtl\">מקוה</span> hinleiten; das ist erlaubt, obgleich direkt aus einem Gefässe hineingegossen, schon drei <span dir=\"rtl\">לוגין</span> geschöpftes Wasser hinreichen, um eine <span dir=\"rtl\">מקוה</span> als unzulässig zu erklären; wenn aber das Geschöpfte mittelst Leitung in die <span dir=\"rtl\">מקוה</span> gefördert wird; so ist das zulässig. Daher wenn einundzwanzig solcher <span dir=\"rtl\">סאין</span> Regenwasser vorhanden sind, so ist dieses das richtige Verhältniss, um die <span dir=\"rtl\">מקוה</span> als <span dir=\"rtl\">כשר</span> zu erachten, sind es aber nur zwanzig, dann nicht.</i>.",
|
75 |
+
"Wenn eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה תרומה</span> unter hundert <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> gefallen, und nachdem man sie herausgenommen, wieder andere hineingefallen sind und so fort; dann bleiben die Früchte erlaubt, so lange nicht mehr <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> als <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> da ist<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Bis nämlich einundfünfzig <span dir=\"rtl\">סאין</span> von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> hineingefallen sind. Sind aber fünfzig gegen fünfzig hineingefallen, so ist es erlaubt.</i>.",
|
76 |
+
"Wenn eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה תמסה</span> unter hundert <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה חולין</span> fiel und man sie noch nicht herausheben konnte, als schon eine zweite <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה תרומה</span> hineinfiel, so ist sie (als <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span>) verbotene Frucht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es ist so gut, als wären sie beide mit einem Male zugleich hineingefallen.</i>. R. Simeon erlaubt sie.",
|
77 |
+
"Wenn eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה תרומה</span> unter hundert <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה חולין</span> fiel, und man hat sie gemahlen, und sie sind dadurch weniger geworden, so ist die Frucht nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span>; denn so wie die <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, so ist auch die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> weniger geworden. Wenn dagegen eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה תמסה</span> in weniger als hundert <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה חולין</span> fiel, und sie durch das Mahlen mehr geworden sind, so ist die Frucht als <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> verboten, weil so wie die <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, auch die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> sich vermehrt hat. Weiss man aber, dass der Weizen von den <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> ergiebiger war, als der der <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, so ist die Frucht nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span>. Wenn eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה תרומה</span> in weniger als hundert <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> gefallen ist, und nachher sind noch <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> zugekommen, so ist, wofern es ohne Bedacht geschehen, die Frucht nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span>, wenn aber mit Bedacht, als <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> verboten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die Rabbinen haben ihn bestraft, weil er vorsätzlich etwas Verbotenes nichtig machte. Das findet auch Anwendung auf alle <span dir=\"rtl\">איסורין</span> in der <span dir=\"rtl\">תורה</span>, die man <span dir=\"rtl\">מבטל</span> ist.</i>."
|
78 |
+
],
|
79 |
+
[
|
80 |
+
"Wenn Jemand <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> aus Versehen isst, bezahlt er den Wert und ein Fünftel dazu<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> So wie es in der Schrift heisst: (Levit. 22,14) <span dir=\"rtl\">ואיש כי יאכל קדש בשגגה ויסף חמישיתו עליו ונתן לכהן</span> »Wenn Jemand Heiliges aus Versehen isst, so muss er ein Fünftel hinzulegen und es dem Priester geben«. Das Fünftel ist das Viertel von dem, was er gegessen, wenn er z. B. <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ass, die einen <span dir=\"rtl\">דינר</span> wert war, muss er einen <span dir=\"rtl\">דינר</span> und einen Viertel <span dir=\"rtl\">דינר</span> bezahlen, so dass Alles im Ganzen fünf Viertel Denar beträgt, dadurch wird der Grundwert mit seinem Fünftel die Zahl fünf ausmachen. So verhält es sich auch mit allen Fünfteln, die in der <span dir=\"rtl\">תורה</span> Vorkommen.</i>. Es ist gleich, ob man davon isst oder trinkt, oder sich damit salbt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Trinken ist im Essen mit einbegriffen, und salben ist wie trinken zu erachten.</i>, ferner ob die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> rein oder unrein ist; man bezahlt das Fünftel und das Fünftel des Fünftels<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn man <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ass, und dessen Wert nebst dem Fünftel bezahlte, darauf wiederum dieses Fünftel verzehrte, so muss er beim Ersatz dieses Fünftels wiederum ein Fünftel hinzufügen.</i>. Man darf nicht mit <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> bezahlen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denn die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ist Eigentum des Priesters, und der Ersatz dessen was er gegessen, ist eine Schuld, die er mit dem Seinigen, daher mit richtigen <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> bezahlen muss.</i>, sondern mit gehörig geordneten <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, welche dadurch <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> werden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Die gehörig geordneten <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, wovon <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומות</span> und <span dir=\"rtl\">מעשרות</span> abgesondert sind, werden jetzt <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>.</i>; so wie der etwa für diese zu leistende Ersatz ebenfalls <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> wird<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn er aus Versehen den Ersatz ass, so wird dasjenige, was er dafür bezahlt, auch <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>.</i>. Wenn der Priester es auch erlassen will, so darf er es nicht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Das ist so von der <span dir=\"rtl\">תורה</span> bestimmt, da können die Eigentümer nichts ändern.</i>.",
|
81 |
+
"Wenn die Tochter eines <span dir=\"rtl\">ישראל</span> aus Versehen <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ass, und dann einem Priester vermählt ward, so kann sie, falls sie <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> gegessen hatte, die noch nicht in den Besitz eines Priesters gelangt war, sich selbst jetzt den Wert und das Fünftel bezahlen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Aus Leviticus 22, 14 geht hervor, dass die Frau eines Priesters <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> essen darf.</i>; hatte aber schon ein Priester dieselbe als Eigentum erhalten, so bezahlt sie dem Eigentümer den Wert, und das Fünftel sich selbst; weil man festgesetzt hat, dass wer aus Versehen <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ass, den Wert an den rechtmässigen Herrn, das Fünftel aber, wem er wolle, entrichte.",
|
82 |
+
"Wenn Jemand seinen Arbeitern oder Gästen <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> zu essen gab, so bezahlt er selbst den Wert und sie das Fünftel<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Sie bezahlen das Fünftel für die Sünde, dass sie aus Versehen <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> assen; er aber bezahlt den Wert, weil er die Priester beraubte.</i>, so R. Meïr. Die Weisen aber sagen: Sie bezahlen den Wert und das Fünftel, und er ersetzt ihnen die Kosten der Mahlzeit.",
|
83 |
+
"Wenn Jemand <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> gestohlen und nicht gegessen hat, so bezahlt er den zwiefachen Ersatz im Preise der <span dir=\"ltr\">תרומה</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Preis der <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ist nicht so gross, als der von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>.</i>. Hat er sie gegessen, so bezahlt er zwei Werte und ein Fünftel, nämlich einen Wert nebst Fünftel von <span dir=\"ltr\">חולין</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Diese <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> werden aber <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, wie schon erwähnt.</i>und einen Wert im Preise der <span dir=\"ltr\">תרומה</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wegen Doppelzahlung (<span dir=\"rtl\">כפל</span>) bei Gestohlenem.</i>. Hat Einer geheiligte <span dir=\"ltr\">תרומה</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es hatte nämlich der Priester die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> für die Ausbesserung des Tempels geheiligt.</i>gestohlen und verzehrt, so bezahlt er<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ein Fünftel bezahlt er, weil er <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> gegessen, und ein Fünftel, weil er vom Heiligen einen Genuss gehabt. Aber die Doppelzahlung findet beim Heiligen nicht statt, denn es heisst: (Exodus 22, 8) »Er bezahlt das Doppelte seinem Nächsten«, aber nicht dem Heiligtum.</i>zwei Fünftel und einen Wert der <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, weil bei Geheiligtem nicht der zwiefache Ersatz gilt.",
|
84 |
+
"Man zahlt den Ersatz nicht von Nachlese, nicht von Vergessenem, nicht von <span dir=\"rtl\">פאה</span>, nicht von herrenlos Gewesenem, nicht von erstem Zehnt, dessen <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> abgesondert worden, nicht von zweitem Zehnt und Geheiligtem, die ausgelöst worden, denn ein Heiliges soll nicht zur Auslösung eines anderen Heiligen dienen. So R. Meïr. Die Weisen erlauben es bei diesen (beiden letzteren).",
|
85 |
+
"R. Elieser sagt: Man darf von einer Gattung für eine andere bezahlen, nur muss man von Besserem für Schlechteres die Zahlung leisten. R. Akiba sagt: Man darf nur von derselben Gattung Ersatz leisten. Wenn daher Jemand z. B. Gurken des sechsten Jahres gegessen hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Und solche sind nicht mehr zu haben.</i>, muss er auf die Gurken des Jahres nach <span dir=\"rtl\">שביעית</span> warten und davon bezahlen. Aus derselben Stelle, auf welche R. Elieser seine mildere Ansicht herleitet, zieht R. Akiba sein strengeres Urteil. Es heisst nämlich (Lev. 22, 14) »Und er gebe dem Priester das Heilige.« R. Elieser erklärt: was sich zum Heiligen eignet; R. Akiba dagegen lehrt: Das Heilige heisst eben solches, wie er gegessen hat."
|
86 |
+
],
|
87 |
+
[
|
88 |
+
"Wenn Jemand wissentlich <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> isst<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ohne vorher gewarnt worden zu sein, denn alsdann tritt die Strafe von <span dir=\"rtl\">מלקות</span> (neununddreißig Schläge) ein, und er braucht nicht zu ersetzen.</i>, so bezahlt er nur den Wert, aber nicht das Fünftel; auch sind die Ersatzfrüchte <span dir=\"ltr\">חולין</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil blos die Ersatzfrüchte bei Unvorsätzlichkeit (<span dir=\"rtl\">בשוגג</span>) als heilig gelten, denn es heisst: »Er gibt dem Priester das Heilige.</i>, und wenn der Priester will, kann er sie erlassen.",
|
89 |
+
"Wenn eine Priestertochter einem <span dir=\"rtl\">ישראל</span> vermählt wird und dann <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> isst, so ersetzt sie den Wert, zahlt aber kein Fünftel<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da sie möglicherweise in ihr Vaterhaus wieder zurückkehren kann und dann <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> essen darf, also ist sie immer noch als zum Priesterstamme gehörig zu betrachten.</i>. Auch gilt bei einer solchen die Hinrichtung durch Feuer<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn sie sich eines Verbrechens der Unzucht schuldig machte, worauf die Todesstrafe steht.</i>. Wird sie aber Einem der unerlaubten Klassen vermählt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Z. B. einen Ägypter, <span dir=\"rtl\">ממזר</span> (Einem aus Blutschande geborenen) etc.</i>, so muss sie den Wert und das Fünftel bezahlen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Sie wird als Fremde betrachtet.</i>. Auch gilt bei einer solchen die Hinrichtung durch Erdrosselung. So R. Meïr. Die Weisen sagen: Beide ersetzen nur den Wert und nicht das Fünftel und ihre Hinrichtung geschieht durch Feuer.",
|
90 |
+
"Wenn Jemand seinen minderjährigen Kindern oder seinem erwachsenen oder minderjährigen Sklaven <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> zu essen gibt, ferner wenn Jemand ausländische <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> isst, oder wenn Einer weniger als eine Olivengrösse isst, so bezahlt er nur den Wert und nicht das Fünftel. Die Ersatzfrüchte sind <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, und wenn der Priester will, kann er sie erlassen.",
|
91 |
+
"Dies ist die Regel: Sobald man den Wert und das Fünftel zahlen muss, sind die Ersatzfrüchte <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, und der Priester kann sie nicht nach Willkür erlassen; wenn man dagegen nur den Wert und nicht das Fünftel zahlen muss, sind die Ersatzfrüchte <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, und der Priester kann sie nach Belieben erlassen.",
|
92 |
+
"Wenn zwei Gefässe da sind, eines mit <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> und eines mit <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, und es ist eine <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה תרומה</span> hineingefallen, ohne dass man weiss, in welches von beiden, so nehme ich an, sie sei unter die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> gefallen. Weiss man aber nicht mehr, welches von beiden die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> oder die <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> enthält; so ist derjenige welcher die Früchte des einen verzehrt, frei vom Ersatze, die zweite muss wie <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> behandelt werden; doch muss man nach R. Meïr davon <span dir=\"rtl\">חלה</span> nehmen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denn die Früchte konnten <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> sein.</i>, nach R. Jose aber nicht. Hat ein Anderer die Früchte des zweiten Gefässes verzehrt, so ist er auch frei. Wenn Einer sämmtliche Früchte, die in beiden Gefässen sind, verzehrt, so bezahlt er nur nach Massgabe des kleineren Behältnisses unter beiden.",
|
93 |
+
"Fällt die Fracht aus einem derselben unter <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, so macht sie diese nicht zu <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span>; das zweite muss wie <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> behandelt werden. Doch muss man nach R. Meïr davon <span dir=\"rtl\">חלה</span> nehmen; nach R. Jose aber nicht. Fällt die Frucht des zweiten Gefässes unter andere Früchte, so macht sie diese auch nicht zu <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span>. Kommen aber sämmtliche Früchte beider Behältnisse in einen Haufen, so bilden sie <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> nach Massgabe des kleineren unter beiden.",
|
94 |
+
"Hat Jemand die Früchte des einen gesäet, so ist er frei<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denn derjenige, welcher <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> aus Versehen säet, muss den Acker umpflügen, hat er es nicht getan, so ist das Gewachsene <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, hier aber ist er frei, weil es wie <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> angesehen wird.</i>, das zweite muss wie <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> behandelt werden. Doch muss man nach R. Meïr <span dir=\"rtl\">חלה</span> davon nehmen, nach R. Jose aber nicht. Hat ein Anderer die Frucht des zweiten Gefässes gesäet, so ist er auch frei. Hat Jemand die Früchte beider Behältnisse ausgesäet, so ist die daraus erwachsene Frucht wenn es solche ist, deren Samen in der Erde zergeht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup> Wie z. B. Weizen oder Gerste, sie werden wie Produkte von <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span> angesehen, welche <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> sind.</i>, Jedermann erlaubt; aber die von Pflanzen, deren Samen nicht zergeht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wie z. B. Zwiebeln und Knoblauch.</i>, sind unerlaubt."
|
95 |
+
],
|
96 |
+
[
|
97 |
+
"Wenn zu eines Priesters Frau<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es ist nämlich die Tochter eines <span dir=\"rtl\">ישראל</span>, die an einen Priester verheiratet ist.</i>, während sie <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> isst, Jemand kommt und zu ihr sagt: Dein Mann ist gestorben, oder hat Dich von sich geschieden; ferner wenn zu einem Sklaven eines Priesters, während er <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> isst, Jemand kommt und zu ihm sagt: Dein Herr ist gestorben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Und es hat ihn der Sohn seiner Tochter der Frau eines <span dir=\"rtl\">ישראל</span> geerbt, oder seine Tochter, die an einen <span dir=\"rtl\">ישראל</span> verheiratet ist.</i>, oder er hat Dich einem <span dir=\"rtl\">ישראל</span> verkauft, oder hat Dich verschenkt, oder hat Dich frei gelassen; ferner wenn ein Priester, während er <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> isst, erfährt, er sei der Sohn einer Geschiedenen, oder einer <span dir=\"ltr\">חלוצה</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Diese Alle dürfen keine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> essen. <span dir=\"rtl\">חלוצה</span> = die ihres verstorbenen Mannes Bruder den Schuh ausgezogen, der sie eigentlich hätte ehelichen müssen.</i>, so erklärt R. Elieser die Essenden für verpflichtet, den Wert und das Fünftel zu erlegen. R. Josua spricht sie davon frei. — Steht ein Priester opfernd am Altar und man erfährt, er sei der Sohn einer Geschiedenen oder <span dir=\"rtl\">חלוצה</span>, so erklärt R. Elieser: Alle von ihm auf dem Altar dargebrachten Opfer seien unheilig. R. Josua erklärt sie für gültig. Erfährt man aber, er sei mit Gebrechen behaftet, so ist seine Opferung unheilig.",
|
98 |
+
"Und in beiden ersten Fällen, wenn sie noch die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> im Munde haben, sollen sie solche nach R. Elieser herunterschlucken; aber R. Josua sagt: Sie sollen sie ausspeien. Sagt man einem Hebeessenden: Du bist unrein geworden, oder die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ist unrein geworden, so soll er sie nach R. Elieser herunterschlucken. R. Josua sagt: Er soll sie ausspeien. (Sagt man ihm): Du warst unrein oder die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> war unrein, oder man erfährt, dass die Speise <span dir=\"rtl\">טבל</span> war, oder erster Zehnt, dessen <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> nicht abgesondert worden; oder zweiter Zehnt oder Geheiligtes, die nicht ausgelöst worden; oder man merkt im Munde den Geschmack einer Wanze, so soll man es gleich ausspeien.",
|
99 |
+
"Wenn Jemand an einer Traube essend, aus dem Garten in den Hof eintritt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Mittelst des Eintritts in den Hof, werden die Früchte zehntpflichtig.</i>, so kann er solche nach R. Elieser gänzlich aufessen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Nicht etwa, dass er die Früchte weiter im Hofe verzehren soll, sondern ausserhalb desselben im Garten.</i>; nach R. Josua aber nicht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Selbst im Garten nicht, bis er verzehntet.</i>. Wenn eben der Abend zum Sabbat eintritt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Sabbat macht die Früchte zehntpflichtig.</i>, so kann er nach R. Elieser nach Sabbat dieselbe aufessen; nach R. Josua aber nicht.",
|
100 |
+
"Wenn Wein von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> aufgedeckt gestanden, muss er ausgegossen werden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es schadet nicht, dass man etwa <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> zu Grunde richte, weil eine Schlange daraus getrunken haben könnte und den Wein vergiftet.</i>und versteht sich noch viel eher <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>. Dreierlei Getränke sind, wenn sie unbedeckt standen verboten: Wasser, Wein und Milch; andere Getränke sind erlaubt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil die Schlange nicht von ihnen trinkt.</i>. Wie lange müssen sie gestanden haben, um verboten zu sein? So lange, dass ein Schleichtier aus der Nähe herangekommen und trinken könnte.",
|
101 |
+
"Das Maass von stillem Wasser, das offen gestanden, muss, um dennoch erlaubt zu sein, gross genug sein, dass sich darin das Gift verliere. R. Jose sagt in Gefässen, sie seien noch so gross, in der Erde hingegen, bis zu vierzig <span dir=\"ltr\">סאה</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Darf man sich des Wassers zu keinem Gebrauche bedienen.</i>.",
|
102 |
+
"Löcher habende Feigen, Weinbeeren, Gurken, Kürbisse, Melonen oder Melophephen (von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>) wären sie auch ein <span dir=\"ltr\">ככר</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Ausdruck <span dir=\"rtl\">ככר</span> ist nicht ganz klar. Jedenfalls bedeutet er eine bedeutende Gröss.</i>gross, die Früchte seien gross oder klein , abgepflückt oder haftend, sind, so lange noch Saft darin sind, verboten; auch von einer Schlange gebissenes Vieh, ist wegen Lebensgefahr verboten.",
|
103 |
+
"Eine Weinseihe macht, wenn sie unbedeckt geblieben, den Wein auch im untern Gefässe, verboten; R. Nechemja hält ihn für erlaubt.",
|
104 |
+
"Wenn an einem Fasse mit <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ein Zweifel wegen Verunreinigung entsteht<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn zwei Fässer in <span dir=\"rtl\">רשות היחיד</span> stehen und eines derselben ward verunreinigt, und man weiss nicht welches.</i>, so sagt R. Elieser: Hat es an einem unsauberen Orte gestanden, so muss man es an einen wohlverwahrten Ort bringen, und war es aufgedeckt, so soll man es zudecken. R. Josua sagt: Stand es an einem wohlverwahrten Orte, so bringe man es an einen unsauberen; war es aber bedeckt, so decke man es auf<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Damit es, völlig verunreinigt und der Zweifel gehoben werde.</i>. Rabban Gamliel sagt: Man darf nichts daran ändern.",
|
105 |
+
"Wenn ein Fass (von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>) oben in der Kelter zerbricht und der untere Wein ist unrein, so stimmen R. Elieser und R. Josua darin überein, dass man, wenn es möglich ist, ein Viertel (<span dir=\"rtl\">לוג</span>) Wein in Reinheit zu retten, es retten solle, wo nicht, so möge nach R. Elieser, Alles hinunterlaufen und unrein werden, nur trage man nicht mit eignen Händen dazu bei.",
|
106 |
+
"Eben so, wenn ein Gefäss mit Öl von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> verschüttet worden, stimmen Beide darin überein, dass man, wenn man ein Viertel Öl in Reinheit noch retten kann, es retten müsse; wo aber nicht, möge nach R. Elieser, Alles hinabfliessen und in die Erde gesogen werden, nur trage man nicht mit eignen Händen dazu bei.",
|
107 |
+
"In Beziehung auf beide Fälle sagt R. Josua, das ist nicht solche <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, vor der ich gewarnt werde, nicht zu verunreinigen; vielmehr ist nur sie zu essen verboten. Aber was heisst denn der Ausdruck: Du sollst sie nicht verunreinigen? Wenn z. B. Jemand von einem Orte zum andern reist und Brote von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> in der Hand hat; spricht ein Götzendiener zu ihm: Gieb mir eins davon, dass ich es verunreinige, wo nicht, so verunreinige ich alle. In diesem Falle sagt R. Elieser: Man lasse lieber alle verunreinigen, als dass man eins dazu hingebe; R. Josua aber sagt: Er lege ihm eins auf einen Stein hin!",
|
108 |
+
"Eben so, wenn Götzendiener zu mehreren Frauen sagen: Gebt uns Eine her, dass wir sie entehren, wo nicht, so entehren wir Euch Alle; so mögen sie lieber Alle gewaltsam entehren, als dass man ihnen eine Person Israels überliefere."
|
109 |
+
],
|
110 |
+
[
|
111 |
+
"Wenn Jemand <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> säet, so darf man das Feld, wenn es aus Versehen geschah, umackern; wenn aber mit Wissen, muss man es stehen lassen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil der Name <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> bereite über das Feld ergangen ist, könnte, falls dasselbe überackert würde, die Hebe vorsätzlich zu Grunde gerichtet werden, was unstatthaft ist.</i>. Hat es schon ein Drittel getragen, so muss man es stehen lassen, es möge aus Versehen oder mit Wissen geschehen sein<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Um die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומת</span> nicht zu verderben.</i>. Flachs jedoch muss, selbst wissentlich gesäet, überackert werden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denn man würde blos den Samen als <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ansehen und die Stengel, wie Stroh, zum gewöhnlichen Gebrauch benutzen.</i>.",
|
112 |
+
"Doch gilt bei der gesäeten <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> das Gesetz der Nachlese, des Vergessenen und der Ecke; sowohl arme <span dir=\"rtl\">ישראלים</span>, als arme Priester, können auflesen; nur müssen jene das Ihrige an Priester für den Preis der <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> verkaufen, aber das Geld gehört ihnen. R. Tarphon sagt: Nur die armen Priester sollen auflesen, denn vielleicht vergessen sich jene und essen davon. Allein K. Akiba wendete ihm ein: Wenn dieses zu besorgen wäre, so dürften nur reine Personen auflesen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denn unreine Priester dürfen auch keine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> essen.</i>.",
|
113 |
+
"Ferner gilt dabei das Gesetz vom Zehnt und Armenzehnt, Sowohl arme <span dir=\"rtl\">ישראלים</span> als auch arme Priester können diesen annehmen; nur müssen erstere das Ihrige an Priester für den Preis von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> verkaufen, und das Geld gehört ihnen. — Wer solche Früchte mit dem Flegel drischt ist lobenswert<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Damit er nicht nötig hat, dem Vieh das Maul zu verbinden, was gegen Deuter, 25, 4 verstösst; denn nur das Vieh des Priesters darf <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> essen.</i>. Wie soll es aber der mit dem Vieh Dreschende machen? Er hänge Körbe<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">כפיפה</span> = Korb Behälter Aruch.</i>um den Hals des Dreschviehes und tue dieselbe Fruchtart hinein, dadurch verbindet er dem Viehe nicht das Maul, und giebt demselben doch nicht <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> zu fressen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Sondern <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, welche sich in dem umgehängten Korb befindet.</i>.",
|
114 |
+
"Was von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>-Aussaat wächst ist <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>; was aber von dem Ertrage abermals wächst, ist <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>. Auch ist <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, was von <span dir=\"ltr\">טבל</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil der grösste Teil <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> ist, so auch bei verschiedenen weiter Erwähnten.</i>,von erstem Zehnt, von dem, was im siebenten Jahre von selbst gewachsen, von ausländischer <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>, von <span dir=\"rtl\">מדומע</span>, von Erstlingen, gewachsen. Was von Geheiligtem und zweitem Zehnt gewachsen, ist <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, aber man muss sie nach dem Wert der Aussaat auslösen.",
|
115 |
+
"Sind in einem Garten hundert Beete Hebe-Saaten und ein Beet <span dir=\"ltr\">חולין</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Und man weise nicht, welches von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> ist.</i>, so ist alles erlaubt, in so fern es Saaten sind, deren Samen zergeht; dagegen bei Dingen, deren Samen nicht zergeht, sind, selbst wenn hundert Teile <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> und nur ein Teil <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> darunter ist, alle verboten.",
|
116 |
+
"Was aus <span dir=\"rtl\">טבל</span> wächst, ist erlaubt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Allerdings nur bei einem augenblicklichen Bedarf und zu keiner festen Mahlzeit, also blos <span dir=\"rtl\">אכילת עראי</span>.</i>, in Dingen, deren Samen zergeht; aber in Dingen, deren Samen nicht zergeht, ist selbst das, was aus dem von <span dir=\"rtl\">טבל</span> Erwachsenen, abermals wächst, verboten. Was aber sind Dinge, deren Samen nicht zergeht? Z. B. Arum, Knoblauch, Zwiebeln. R. Jehudah sagt: Knoblauch gilt der Gerste gleich<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Welche in Verwesung übergeht.</i>.",
|
117 |
+
"Wenn Jemand bei einem Heiden unter Zwiebelgewächsen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">חסיות</span> = Zwiebelgewächse. Im Midrasch Megillat Echa findet sich der Ausspruch: Dreierlei Tränen sind dem Auge angenehm: 1) <span dir=\"ltr\">דמעת חסית</span> die Träne vom Zwiebelgeruch 2) von Senf und 3) durch Lachen erregt. Aruch. —</i>mit ausjätet, darf er, obgleich dessen Früchte <span dir=\"rtl\">טבל</span> sind, doch zum augenblicklichen Bedarf davon essen. — Wenn man verunreinigte Kohlpflanzen wieder einpflanzt, so sind sie dadurch in so fern rein, dass sie nicht verunreinigen, aber es ist nicht erlaubt, sie zu essen, wofern man nicht das Essbare weggeschnitten hat. R. Jehudah sagt: Wofern man nicht auch das nach dem Wegschneiden Gewachsene abermals weggeschnitten hat."
|
118 |
+
],
|
119 |
+
[
|
120 |
+
"Wenn man eine ganze Zwiebel in abgekochte Linsen getan hat<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn man eine Zwiebel von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> in abgekochte Linsen von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>, oder in die abgekochten Linsen von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> eine Zwiebel von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> getan hat, und zwar nachdem die Linsen bereits gekocht waren und der Saft derselben schon ausgelaufen war; denn alsdann wird die Zwiebel, wenn sie ganz ist, nichts mehr von sich geben, das etwa in die Linsen eindringen könnte, und verschlingt auch nichts von ihnen. Sind aber beide zusammengekocht, dann ist es selbstverständlich, dass die Zwiebel ihren Geschmack von sich giebt und auch den von den Linsen in sich aufnimmt, wenn sie auch ganz ist.</i>, so ist das <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> im Gericht erlaubt; wenn man sie aber geschnitten hatte, so hängt es vom Mitteilen des Geschmackes ab<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Priester, welcher <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> und <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> essen darf, schmeckt es, wenn der Geschmack der <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> vorhanden ist, und dann dürfen Nichtpriester es nicht geniessen, wo nicht, kann es Jedermann essen.</i>. Bei den andern eingetanen Kräutern, gilt diese Rücksicht immer, sie mögen ganz oder geschnitten sein. R. Jehudah erlaubt auch die Fischlake<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">צחן</span> = Fischlake, marinirte Fische. Aruch.</i>, weil die Zwiebel nur dienen soll, den üblen Beigeschmack zu tilgen.",
|
121 |
+
"Wenn man einen zerdrückten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">רסק = שרסקו</span> = zerbrechen, zerstossen, zermalmen, ähnlich rescindere. Aruch</i>Apfel (<span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>) in einen Teig (<span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>) getan hat, und dieser davon gesäuert wurde, so ist derselbe unerlaubt. Wenn Gerste (<span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>) in einen Wasserbehälter gefallen, so ist das Wasser, wenn es auch davon einen üblen Geschmack erhalten hat, erlaubt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da auf die Mitteilung eines widrigen Geschmacks nicht Rücksicht genommen wird.</i>.",
|
122 |
+
"Wenn Jemand heisses Brot aus dem Ofen nimmt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">רדה</span> = herausziehen, wegnehmen (vom Brot) ausnehmen (von Honig). Cf. Richter 14, 9 <span dir=\"rtl\">וירדהו</span>.</i>und auf ein Fass mit Wein von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> legt, so ist es nach R. Meïr zu essen verboten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil nach R. Meïr der Geruch etwas Wesentliches ist.</i>; nach R. Jehudah, erlaubt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> R. Jehudah hält den Geruch für unwesentlich.</i>. R. Jose erklärt Weizenbrot für erlaubt, aber Gerstenbrot für verboten ; weil Gerstenbrot den Wein aussaugt.",
|
123 |
+
"Wenn man einen Backofen mit Kümmel von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> geheizt, und darin Brot gebacken hat, so ist das Brot erlaubt; weil nicht der Geschmack des Kümmels, sondern nur dessen Geruch einzieht.",
|
124 |
+
"Wenn griechisches Heu in ein Behältniss mit Wein gefallen ist, so gilt, in so fern es <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> oder zweiter Zehnt ist, die Rücksicht: ob der Samen, nicht aber der Stengel einen Geschmack mitteilen könnte; dafern es vom siebenten Jahre, oder von <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> im Weinberg, oder von Geheiligtem ist, so ist der Wein verboten, wenn der Samen, oder der Stengel ihm einen Geschmack mitteilen können.",
|
125 |
+
"Wenn Jemand Gebinde von griechischem Heu hat, welche <span dir=\"rtl\">כלאים</span> im Weinberge waren, müssen auch die Stengel verbrannt werden. Hat er solche, die <span dir=\"rtl\">טבל</span> sind, so schlägt er den Samen heraus und berechnet, wie viel Samen darin sein kann, und sondert (<span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>) vom Samen; aber vom Stengel braucht er nichts zu entrichten. Hat er aber den Stengel mit abgesondert, so darf er nicht mehr sagen: ich will den Samen herausschlagen, den Stengel behalten, und den Samen abgeben; sondern er muss beides abgeben.",
|
126 |
+
"Wenn man Oliven von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> mit Oliven von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> in Salzwasser gelegt hat, so sind sie, falls beide Arten zerdrückt waren, oder die <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> zerdrückt und die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ganz, oder von der <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> nur das Wasser da war, verboten; falls aber die <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> ganz und die <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> zerdrückt ist, sind jene erlaubt.",
|
127 |
+
"Wenn man gesetzlich unreine Fische mit reinen eingelegt hat, so ist die Lake unerlaubt, sobald in einer zwei <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span> haltenden Tonne<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">גרב</span> = Krug, Fass, Tonne. Das <span dir=\"rtl\">תרגום</span> von (Jer. 13, 12) <span dir=\"rtl\">כל נבל כל גרב יתמלי חמר = ist ימלא יין</span>. Aruch.</i>das Gewicht von zehn Sus in Judäa, gleich fünf <span dir=\"rtl\">סלע</span> in Galliläa, Lake des unreinen Fisches sich befindet<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> So dass die Brühe des unreinen Fisches ein Neunhundertsechzigstel des reinen Fisches beträgt, dann ist es unerlaubt, ist aber die Brühe weniger, so ist es erlaubt.</i>. R Jehudah sagt: Ein Viertel (Lug) in zwei <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span>. R. Jose sagt: Ein Sechzehntel des Ganzen.",
|
128 |
+
"Wenn unreine Heuschrecken mit reinen eingemacht worden sind, machen sie die Lake nicht unerlaubt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Man hat bei unreinen Heuschrecken eine gelindere Praxis zugelassen, weil sie kein Blut haben, sondern blos eine Feuchtigkeit.</i>. R. Zadok bezeugte sogar, dass die Lake von unreinen Heuschrecken allein, in jeder Hinsicht, als rein angesehen werde.",
|
129 |
+
"Alle mit einander eingemachten Kräuter sind erlaubt, ausgenommen die mit Laucharten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil diese einen scharfen, pikanten Geschmack und Geruch haben.</i>. Laucharten von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> mit solchen von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> und Kohlkraut von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> mit Lauch von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> sind unerlaubt; dagegen Lauch von <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> mit Kohlkraut von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> erlaubt.",
|
130 |
+
"R. Jose sagt: Alles, was stark gekocht wurde, — ist erlaubt, nur das mit Erdbeerspinat (von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>) ist verboten, weil er den Geschmack mitteilt. R. Simeon sagt: Kohl<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">כרוב</span> = κράμβη , crambe = Kohl.</i>von feuchtem Boden<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">שקיא</span> = Ein feuchter Boden, der getränkt wird.</i>mit Kohl (<span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>) vom trocknen Boden, ist unerlaubt; weil jener von diesem anzieht. R. Akiba, (nach Andern: R. Jehudah) sagt: Alles Gleichartige, was miteinander gekocht wurde, ist erlaubt, ausser Fleisch mit Fleisch. R. Jochanan Sohn Nuri’s sagt: (Unerlaubte) Leber macht Anderes unerlaubt, ohne selbst durch Anderes unerlaubt zu werden; weil sie nur mitteilt, nicht aber anzieht.",
|
131 |
+
"Wenn ein Ei mit unerlaubten Gewürzen gekocht wurde, so ist sogar das Dotter unerlaubt; weil es anzieht. Das Wasser, worin <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> gekocht, oder eingeweicht wurde, ist für Nichtpriester unerlaubt."
|
132 |
+
],
|
133 |
+
[
|
134 |
+
"Man darf nicht gepresste oder dürre Feigen von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> in Fischlake tun<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">מורייס</span> lateinisch = muria auch muries ist jede Salzlake, Salzblühe oder Bökel, worin z. B. Fleisch, Kapern, besonders aber Fische eingemacht werden.</i>, weil man sie dadurch verderbt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Weil man die Feigen, des Saftes wegen, blos ausdrückt und dann wegwirft.</i>. Aber Wein darf man hinein tun. Öl von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> darf man nicht mit Gewürz mischen, aber aus Wein darf man Honigwein<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">יינומלין</span> im Griechischen οἰνόμελι = Met, Honigwein. Er wird gewürzt mit Honig und Wasser bereitet.</i>machen. Kochen darf man Hebe-Wein nicht, weil man ihn dadurch vermindert. R. Jehudah erlaubt es, weil man ihn dadurch verbessert.",
|
135 |
+
"(Wenn Jemand<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Ein Nichtpriester.</i>Dattelhonig, Äpfelwein, Essig von Wintertrauben oder sonstigen Saft von Hebefrüchten (aus Versehen genossen hat): so verpflichtet R. Elieser ihn zur Zahlung des Wertes und des Fünftels. R. Josua spricht ihn vom Letzteren frei. — R. Elieser sagt: Diese Säfte unterliegen dem Gesetze wegen Unreinigkeit, als feuchte Sachen überhaupt<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Man sehe Levitic. 11,34 und 38.</i>; R. Josua behauptet: Die Weisen sagten nicht sieben Feuchtigkeiten<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Diese sieben Feuchtigkeiten sind: Wasser, Tau, Wein, Öl, Honig von Bienen, Milch und Blut.</i>ungenau, wie etwa Solche, die Gewürzteile zählen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Denen es nicht darauf ankommt, wenn es eine wohlriechende Art von den zu gebrauchenden Spezereien mehr oder weniger nehmen.</i>; sondern sie haben ausdrücklich gesagt: Sieben Arten von Feuchtigkeiten sind unrein und alle übrigen sind rein.",
|
136 |
+
"Man darf aus Datteln nicht Honig, aus Äpfeln nicht Wein, aus Wintertrauben nicht Essig machen, und andere Früchte nicht von ihrer Natur verändern, wenn sie <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> oder zweiter Zehnt sind, ausser Oliven und Weintrauben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Da es hier die Bibel ausdrücklich hervorgehoben hat (Numeri 18, 12) <span dir=\"rtl\">כל חלב יצהר וכל חלב תירוש ודגו וכו׳</span>. »Alles Beste des Öls und alles Beste des Mostes und Getreides« etc.</i>. Eben so unterliegt Keiner der Strafe der vierzig (Geisselhiebe) wegen <span dir=\"ltr\">ערלה</span><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wenn man Getränke aus Früchten der ersten 3 Jahre eines Baumes genossen hat.</i>ausser über den Saft von Oliven und Weintrauben. Man darf auch keinen Fruchtsaft als Erstlinge darbringen, ausser von Oliven und Weintrauben. Ferner macht Fruchtsaft nicht unrein wegen der Feuchtigkeit, ausgenommen der von Oliven und Weintrauben; und man opfert keinen Fruchtsaft auf dem Altar, ausser von Oliven<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Öl zu Speiseopfern.</i>und Weintrauben<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Wein zu Traukopfern.</i>.",
|
137 |
+
"Die Stiele von frischen und dürren Feigen,Eicheln<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">והכליסים</span> = das Griech. ἂκυλος — Frucht von der Steheiche = Eichel. Eigentlich ein Schweinefutter, aber in seltenen Fällen auch von Menschen gegessen. Aruch. Nach Rambam ist es eine Art von Feigen.</i>und Schoten von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> sind allen Nichtpriestern unerlaubt.",
|
138 |
+
"Die Fruchtkerne von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> sind, so lange sie der Priester inne hält, Andern verboten; aber wenn er sie weggeworfen hat, erlaubt. Ebenso sind die Knochen von Heiligem, so lange sie der Priester inne hält, Andern verboten, und sobald er sie weggeworfen, erlaubt. — Die grobe Kleie von <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> ist Jedem erlaubt, feine aber unerlaubt, wenn sie von frischem Weizen; aber erlaubt, wenn sie von altem Weizen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">13</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Von Weizen, der 30 Tage alt ist.</i>ist. Man kann übrigens mit der <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> verfahren, wie mit <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span>. Wer feines Mehl bereitet, etwa nur ein oder zwei Kab aas einem <span dir=\"rtl\">סאה</span>, soll jedoch das übrige nicht verderben, sondern an einem wohlverwahrten Ort niederlegen.",
|
139 |
+
"Wenn Einer aus einer Getreidekammer Hebe-Weizen wegräumt, so verpflichtet man ihn nicht, sich niederzusetzen und jedes Körnchen aufzulesen; sondern er kehrt wie gewöhnlich aus, und kann alsdann <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> dahin tun.",
|
140 |
+
"Eben so, wenn Einem ein Fass Hebe-Öl vergossen wurde, verpflichtet man ihn nicht, sich niederzusetzen und mit Händen aufzuwischen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">14</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> <span dir=\"rtl\">ומטפח</span> = mit <span dir=\"rtl\">טפח</span> verwandt, dass er es mit seinen Fingern zusammenwische.</i>, soudern man verfährt dabei so, wie mit <span dir=\"ltr\">חולין</span>.",
|
141 |
+
"Wenn Jemand <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> aus einem Kruge in den andern giesst, und es triefen noch drei Tropfen heraus, so kann man <span dir=\"rtl\">חולין</span> in das leere Gefäss tun. Hat er aber den Krug umgelegt, und hat sich etwas wieder gesammelt, so ist dies <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span>. Wie viel Zehnt Hebe von (unrein gewordenen) zweifelhaften Früchten (<span dir=\"rtl\">דמאי</span>) genügt, um dem Besitzer zu verpflichten sie dem Priester hinzubringen? Ein Achtel eines Achtel <span dir=\"ltr\">לוג</span>",
|
142 |
+
"Wicken<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">15</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Hauptsächlich sind Wicken blos Viehfutter, doch können sie auch in seltenen Fällen von Menschen gegessen werden, sonst würde man von ihnen keine <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומות ומעשרות</span> absondern.</i>, welche <span dir=\"rtl\">תרומה</span> sind, darf der Priester dem Vieh, dem Wild, den Hühnern zu fressen geben. Ein <span dir=\"rtl\">ישראל</span>, der von einem Priester eine Kuh gemietet hat, darf ihr Hebe - Wicken zu fressen geben; nicht aber ein Priester, welcher eine Kuh von einem <span dir=\"rtl\">ישראל</span> gemietet hat, obgleich deren Fütterung ihm obliegt. Ein <span dir=\"rtl\">ישראל</span> der eine Kuh von einem Priester zum Mästen übernommen, darf sie nicht mit Hebe - Wicken füttern; wohl aber ein Priester, der eine Kuh von einem <span dir=\"rtl\">ישראל</span> zum Mästen übernommen hat.",
|
143 |
+
"Hebe-Öl, welches verbrannt werden muss<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">16</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Es ist nämlich verunreinigt worden.</i>, darf man in den Synagogen, in den Lehrhäusern, in den dunkeln Gängen, und bei Kranken in Gegenwart eines Priesters, verbrennen. Wenn die Tochter eines <span dir=\"rtl\">ישראל</span>, die an einen Priester verheiratet ist, gewohnt war, zu ihrem Vater zu gehen, darf der Vater es in ihrer Gegenwart brennen. Ferner darf man es brennen bei einem Freudenmahle, nicht aber in einem Trauerhause, so R. Jehudah. R. Jose sagt: Im Trauerhause, aber nicht beim Freudenmahle. R. Meïr verbietet es in beiden Fällen; R. Simeon erlaubt es in beiden Fällen<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">17</sup><i class=\"footnote\"> Der Hauptgrund des Verbots liegt darin, dass man die Lichter von einem Orte zum andern forttrage, woselbst sich kein Priester befindet, das befürchtet R. Simeon nicht.</i>.\""
|
144 |
+
]
|
145 |
+
],
|
146 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
147 |
+
"Chapter",
|
148 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
149 |
+
]
|
150 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/English/Mishna Yomit.json
ADDED
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1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Terumot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "http://www.conservativeyeshiva.org/category/mishnah-yomit/zeraim/terumot/chapter-one-terumot",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Mishna Yomit",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"actualLanguage": "en",
|
8 |
+
"languageFamilyName": "english",
|
9 |
+
"isBaseText": false,
|
10 |
+
"isSource": false,
|
11 |
+
"direction": "ltr",
|
12 |
+
"heTitle": "משנה תרומות",
|
13 |
+
"categories": [
|
14 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
15 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
16 |
+
],
|
17 |
+
"text": [
|
18 |
+
[
|
19 |
+
"Five may not give terumah, and if they do so, their terumah is not considered terumah: A heresh (deaf-mute); an imbecile, a minor, and the one who gives terumah from that which is not his own. If a non-Jew gave terumah from that which belongs to an Israelite, even if it was with his permission, his terumah is not terumah.",
|
20 |
+
"A deaf person who can speak but cannot hear does not give the tithe of Terumah. But if he did give it, it does have the status of Terumah. A deaf person that the sages refer to in all cases is someone who can neither hear nor speak.",
|
21 |
+
"Regarding a minor who does not have two hairs [in a part of the body that would designate him as being of age], R. Yehuda says that what he gives as Terumah has the status of Terumah. R. Yosi says, if he has not reached \"the age of vows\" (i.e., the age in which a person is mature enough to understand that he must fulfill a vow he makes), what he gives as Terumah does not have the status of Terumah. When he reaches \"the age of vows,\" what he gives would have the status of Terumah.",
|
22 |
+
"You cannot give as Terumah (offerings given to the Kohanim, Jewish priests) the olives that were used to produce olive oil, as well as the oil they produced, nor grapes that were used to produce wine as well as the wine they produced. If you did give both of these together as Terumah, the Academy of Shammai rules that they do count as Terumah, and the Academy of Hillel rules that they do not count as Terumah.",
|
23 |
+
"One does not take a heave-offering from the leftovers, or from the poor person's sheaf, or from the corners [of a field], or from the ownerless, or from the first tithe whose heave-offering has already been taken, or from the second tithe or consecrated donation that has been redeemed, and not from that which is obligated [in taking a heave-offering] to that which is not obligated, and not from that which is not obligated to that which is, and not from the picked to the unpicked, and not from the unpicked to the picked, and not from the new to the old, and not from the old to the new, and not from the fruits of the Land of Israel to fruits from outside the Land, or from fruits outside the Land to fruits inside Israel. And if one did take a heave-offering, it is not valid.",
|
24 |
+
"Five shall not take a heave-offering, and if they did, it is a valid heave-offering. The mute, drunk, naked, blind, and one who had a nocturnal emission, also shall not take a heave-offering, and if they did, it is a valid heave-offering.",
|
25 |
+
"One may not separate terumah by measure, by weights, or by number. However, one may separate from that which has been weighed, measured, or counted. One may not separate terumah in a basket or container with a known measure. However one may separate in them a half or a third of their volume. One may not separate terumah in [a container that holds one] seah that is half full, since half of it is a measure.",
|
26 |
+
"We do not tithe oil instead of from olives in the press, nor from wine instead of from grapes in the vat. If one has already tithed thus, the tithed substance is valid, but one must return and tithe again [properly]. The first [tithed amount] will render another substance liable to tithing [if they are mixed], but not so with the second [tithed amount].",
|
27 |
+
"They exchange oil for \"conquered\" olives, and wine for grapes to make them into raisins. Behold, if one were to exchange oil for the purpose of eating olives, or olives for the purpose of eating olives, or wine for the purpose of eating grapes, or grapes for the purpose of eating grapes, or grapes for the purpose of eating grapes, and they are controlled in their way, they need not have exchanged.",
|
28 |
+
"We do not tithe from substances which have already been cooked/prepared in place of those which have not yet been cooked/prepared, or from substances which have not yet been cooked/prepared in place of those which have been cooked/prepared, or from substances which have not yet been cooked/prepared in place of other substances which have not yet been cooked/prepared. But if they have already been tithed, the tithes are valid."
|
29 |
+
],
|
30 |
+
[],
|
31 |
+
[],
|
32 |
+
[
|
33 |
+
"One who sets aside only part of [the] <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption] and tithes [that are in one place], may take from [that place the rest of the] <i>Terumah</i> for that [place], but not for another place. Rabbi Meir says: he may also take from <i>Terumah</i> and tithes for another place.",
|
34 |
+
"If one had his produce in a storehouse, and he gave a <i>Se'ah</i> [specific unit of volume] to a Levite and a <i>Se'ah</i> to a poor person, he may set aside another eight <i>Se'in</i> [from the storehouse] and eat them, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: he may only set aside according to the account [when <i>Terumah</i> and tithes have been given for all the produce in the storehouse].",
|
35 |
+
"The amount of <i>Terumah</i>: A fair-eyed [generous amount]: one out of forty. Beit Shammai say: out of thirty. The average [amount]: out of fifty. A stingy [amount]: out of sixty. If he set aside <i>Terumah</i> and found that it was only one out of sixty, [it is valid] <i>Terumah</i> and he need not set aside [more] <i>Terumah</i>. If he does go back and add [more <i>Terumah</i>], [the extra amount] requires tithing. If he found that it was only one out of sixty-five [it is valid] <i>Terumah</i>, but he must set aside <i>Terumah</i> again according to his habitual practice, in measure, weight or number. Rabbi Yehudah says: [he may] even [set aside <i>Terumah</i>] not from the surrounding [produce].",
|
36 |
+
"One who says to his messenger: “Go and set aside <i>Terumah</i> [for me],” [the messenger] should set aside <i>Terumah</i> according to the mind of the owner. If he does not know the mind of the owner, he gives according to the average [amount]—one out of fifty. If he gave ten [parts] less or ten [parts] more, his <i>Terumah</i> is [valid] <i>Terumah</i>. If his intention was to add even one part more, his <i>Terumah</i> is not [valid] <i>Terumah</i>.",
|
37 |
+
"One who gives more <i>Terumah</i>: Rabbi Eliezer says: [he may give up to] one out of ten, as in the case of <i>Terumat Ma'aser</i> [a portion of the tithes that is given to the priest]. [If he gave] more than this, he must make [the extra into] <i>Terumat Ma'aser</i> for other produce. Rabbi Yishmael says: [he may give up until the mixture is] half <i>Chulin</i> [non-sacred produce] and half <i>Terumah</i>. Rabbi Tarfon and Rabbi Akiva say: [he may give] as long as there remains [enough to carry] the name of <i>Chulin</i>. ",
|
38 |
+
"On three occasions they measure the contents of the basket [to determine how much <i>Terumah</i> must be given]: At the time of the first ripe fruits, and of the late summer fruits, and in the middle of the summer. He who counts [the fruit] is praiseworthy, and he who measures it is more praiseworthy than him, and he who weighs them is the most praiseworthy of all three.",
|
39 |
+
"Rabbi Eliezer says: <i>Terumah</i> can be removed [if it falls into a mixture] of one hundred and one [times its size]. Rabbi Joshua says: in a hundred and more, and this 'more' has no definite measure. Rabbi Yosi ben Meshullam says: this 'more' must be a <i>Kav</i> [specific unit of volume] to a hundred <i>Se'ah</i>, a sixth [of the <i>Se'ah</i>] renders it a prohibited mixture.",
|
40 |
+
"Rabbi Yehoshua says: black figs can be counted together with the white [to remove a white fig that is <i>Terumah</i> and fell into a mixture of black and white figs], and the white can be counted together with the black [to remove a black fig]. In the case of cakes of figs, the large can be counted together with the small, and the small can be counted together with the large. The round [cakes of figs] can be counted together with the square [cakes], and the square can be counted together with the round. Rabbi Eliezer prohibits this. Rabbi Akiva says: if it is known what [kind] fell in, then the one [kind] cannot be counted together with the other, but if it is not known what [kind] fell in, then the one [kind] can be counted together with the other.",
|
41 |
+
"How [does Rabbi Akiva decide]? If there were fifty black figs and fifty white, and a black [fig] fell in, the black are forbidden, but the white are permitted; and if a white [fig] fell in, the white are forbidden and the black are permitted. If it is not known what [kind] fell in, then the one [kind] can be counted together with the other. In this [case], Rabbi Eliezer is stringent and Rabbi Yehoshua is lenient.",
|
42 |
+
"But in this [following case], Rabbi Eliezer is lenient and Rabbi Yehoshua stringent. If one was pressing a litra of cut figs [of <i>Terumah</i>] by a jar and he did not know which [jar was used]: Rabbi Eliezer says: they [the cut figs] are to be regarded as if they are separate, so that the lower [figs] can be counted together with the higher. Rabbi Yehoshua says: the <i>Terumah</i> cannot be removed unless there are a hundred jars there.",
|
43 |
+
"A <i>Se'ah</i> of <i>Terumah</i> which fell on top of a stockpile and stays on the surface: Rabbi Eliezer says: if at the surface there are one hundred <i>Se'ah</i>, it can be removed [since the mixture is] one hundred and one [times its size]. But Rabbi Yehoshua says: it cannot be removed. A <i>Se'ah</i> of <i>Terumah</i> which fell on top of a stockpile, he must skim it off. If so, why did they say that <i>Terumah</i> can be removed in [a mixture] one hundred and one [times its size]? [This applies] if it is not known whether they have become mixed up or where they have fallen.",
|
44 |
+
"Two baskets or two stockpiles, and a <i>Se'ah</i> of <i>Terumah</i> has fallen into one of them and it is not known into which it has fallen, then the one [kind] can be counted together with the other. Rabbi Shimon says: even if they are in two cities, the one [kind] can be counted together with the other.",
|
45 |
+
"Rabbi Yosi said: A case once came before Rabbi Akiva concerning fifty bundles of vegetables into which a bundle had fallen, half of which was <i>Terumah</i>. And I said in front of him, that it can be removed, not because <i>Terumah</i> can be removed in [a mixture that is] fifty-one [times its size], but because there were one hundred and two halves there."
|
46 |
+
],
|
47 |
+
[
|
48 |
+
"If a <i>Se'ah</i> [specific unit of volume] of impure <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption] fell into less than a hundred [<i>Se'ah</i>] of <i>Chulin</i> [non-sacred produce], or into <i>Ma'aser Rishon</i> [first tithe, which must be given to the Levite], or into <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem], or into <i>Hekdesh</i> [consecrated donation], whether these were impure or pure, they must all [be left to] rot. If the <i>Se'ah</i> [of <i>Terumah</i>] was pure, [the mixture] should be sold to priests at the price of <i>Terumah</i>, excluding the value of that <i>Se'ah</i> [itself]. If it fell into <i>Ma'aser Rishon</i>, he should declare <i>Terumat Ma'aser</i> [a portion of the tithes that is given to the priest]. And if it fell into <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> or into <i>Hekdesh</i>, they must be redeemed. If the <i>Chulin</i> was impure, it may be eaten in small quantities, or roasted, or kneaded with fruit juice, or divided into pieces of dough so that there is not in any one place [a piece of dough] the size of an egg.",
|
49 |
+
"If a <i>Se'ah</i> of impure <i>Terumah</i> fell into a hundred [<i>Se'ah</i>] of pure <i>Chulin</i>, Rabbi Eliezer says: [a <i>Se'ah</i>] must be set aside as <i>Terumah</i> and burned, for I say that the <i>Se'ah</i> that fell in is the <i>Se'ah</i> that was brought up. But the Sages say: it may be brought up and eaten in small quantities, or roasted, or kneaded with fruit juice, or divided into pieces of dough so that there is not in any one place [a piece of dough] the size of an egg.",
|
50 |
+
"If a <i>Se'ah</i> of pure <i>Terumah</i> fell into a hundred [<i>Se'ah</i>] of impure <i>Chulin</i>, it may be eaten in small quantities, or roasted, or kneaded with fruit juice, or divided into pieces of dough so that there is not in any one place [a piece of dough] the size of an egg.",
|
51 |
+
"If a <i>Se'ah</i> of impure <i>Terumah</i> fell into a hundred <i>Se'ah</i> of pure <i>Terumah</i>: Beit Shammai prohibits, but Beit Hillel permits. Beit Hillel said to Beit Shammai: since pure [<i>Terumah</i>] is forbidden to non-priests and impure [<i>Terumah</i> is forbidden] to priests, then just as pure [<i>Terumah</i>] may be brought up, so too may impure [<i>Terumah</i>] be brought up. Beit Shammai answered them: No! If lenient <i>Chulin</i>, which is permitted to non-priests, may allow us to bring up pure [<i>Terumah</i> that fell into it], does stringent <i>Terumah</i>, which is forbidden to non-priests, allow us to bring up impure [<i>Terumah</i> that fell into it]? After they agreed, Rabbi Eliezer said: it should be set aside as <i>Terumah</i> and burned. But the Sages say: it has disappeared on account of its being a minor [portion of the mixture].",
|
52 |
+
"If a <i>Se'ah</i> of <i>Terumah</i> fell into a hundred [of <i>Chulin</i>], and he lifted it out and it fell into [<i>Chulin</i>] elsewhere: Rabbi Eliezer says: it renders it a prohibited mixture as though it were certainly <i>Terumah</i>. But the Sages say: it renders it a prohibited mixture only according to proportion.",
|
53 |
+
"If a <i>Se'ah</i> of <i>Terumah</i> fell into less than a hundred [of <i>Chulin</i>], and rendered it a prohibited mixture, and part of the prohibited mixture [then] fell into another place: Rabbi Eliezer says: it renders [that second mixture] prohibited as if certain <i>Terumah</i> [had fallen in]. But the Sages say: the mixture renders [another mixture] prohibited only according to proportion. And that which is leavened [with <i>Terumah</i>] renders other dough leavened [as if with <i>Terumah</i>] only according to proportion. And drawn water disqualifies a <i>Mikvah</i> [ritual bath] also only according to proportion.",
|
54 |
+
"If a <i>Se'ah</i> of <i>Terumah</i> fell into a hundred [of <i>Chulin</i>] and he lifted [a <i>Se'ah</i>] out and then another fell in, and he lifted another out and another fell in, this is permitted until the amount of <i>Terumah</i> exceeds that of the <i>Chulin</i>.",
|
55 |
+
"If a <i>Se'ah</i> of <i>Terumah</i> fell into a hundred [of <i>Chulin</i>], and before he could take it out another fell in, this is forbidden. Rabbi Shimon permits it.",
|
56 |
+
"If a <i>Se'ah</i> of <i>Terumah</i> fell into a hundred [of <i>Chulin</i>], and they were ground up and reduced [in bulk], just as the <i>Chulin</i> was reduced so too the <i>Terumah</i> was reduced, and it is permitted. If a <i>Se'ah</i> of <i>Terumah</i> fell into less than a hundred [of <i>Chulin</i>] and they were ground up and increased in bulk, just as the <i>Chulin</i> increased so too the <i>Terumah</i> increased, and it is forbidden. If it is known that the kernels of <i>Chulin</i> were better than those of <i>Terumah</i>, it is permitted. If a <i>Se'ah</i> of <i>Terumah</i> fell into less than a hundred [of <i>Chulin</i>], and [more] <i>Chulin</i> fell in afterwards, if it was unintentional it is permissible, but if intentional it is forbidden."
|
57 |
+
]
|
58 |
+
],
|
59 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
60 |
+
"Chapter",
|
61 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
62 |
+
]
|
63 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/English/Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp.json
ADDED
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{
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"language": "en",
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3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Terumot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "http://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org/mishnah/",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"priority": 1.0,
|
8 |
+
"license": "CC-BY",
|
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"shortVersionTitle": "Dr. Joshua Kulp",
|
10 |
+
"actualLanguage": "en",
|
11 |
+
"languageFamilyName": "english",
|
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+
"isBaseText": false,
|
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"isSource": false,
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"direction": "ltr",
|
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+
"heTitle": "משנה תרומות",
|
16 |
+
"categories": [
|
17 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
18 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
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+
],
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20 |
+
"text": [
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+
[
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22 |
+
"Five may not give terumah, and if they do so, their terumah is not considered terumah:A heresh (deaf-mute); an imbecile, a minor, And the one who gives terumah from that which is not his own. If a non-Jew gave terumah from that which belongs to an Israelite, even if it was with his permission, his terumah is not terumah.",
|
23 |
+
"A “heresh”, who speaks but cannot hear, may not give terumah, but if he does so, his terumah is terumah. The “heresh” of whom the sages generally speak is one who neither hears nor speaks.",
|
24 |
+
"A minor who has not yet produced two [pubic] hairs: Rabbi Judah says: his terumah is terumah. Rabbi Yose says: if he has not arrived at the age when his vows are valid, his terumah is not terumah, but if he has arrived at an age where his vows are valid, his terumah is terumah.",
|
25 |
+
"They should not take terumah from olives for oil, or from grapes for wine. If one did: Bet Shammai says: there is terumah in [the olives or grapes] themselves. But Bet Hillel says: the terumah is not terumah.",
|
26 |
+
"They do not take terumah from ‘gleanings’, from ‘the forgotten sheaf’, from peah or from ownerless produce. [Neither is it taken] from first tithe from which terumah had already been taken, nor from second tithe and dedicated produce that had been redeemed. [Nor is it taken] from that which is subject [to terumah] for that which is exempt [from terumah], nor from that which is exempt for that which is subject. Nor from produce already plucked [from the soil] for that attached to it, nor from that attached [to the soil] for that already plucked. Nor from new produce for old, nor from old for new. Nor from produce from the land of Israel for produce grown outside the land, nor from that grown out of the land for that grown in the land. [In all these cases] if they did take terumah, their terumah is not terumah.",
|
27 |
+
"Five may not give terumah, but if they do, their terumah is terumah.A mute person; A drunken person; One who is naked; A blind person; Or one who has had a seminal emission. They may not give terumah, but if they do their terumah is valid.",
|
28 |
+
"They may not give terumah according to measure, or weight, or number, but one may give it from that which has already been measured, weighed or counted. They may not give terumah in a basket or a hamper of a measured capacity, but one may give in it when it is a half or a third filled. He may not give a half of seah in a seah measuring vessel, for this half constitutes a known measure.",
|
29 |
+
"They may not give terumah from oil for crushed olives nor may [they give terumah from] wine for trodden grapes. If he did so, his terumah is terumah, but he must give terumah again. The first terumah renders on its own [produce into which it falls] “doubtful terumah” and is subject to the added fifth, but not the second.",
|
30 |
+
"They may give terumah from oil for pickled olives, or from wine for grapes made into raisins. Behold, he gave terumah from oil for olives intended for eating, or from [other] olives for olives intended for eating, or for wine for grapes intended for eating, of from [other] grapes for grapes intended for eating, and he decided afterwards to press them, he need not give terumah again.",
|
31 |
+
"They may not take terumah from produce whose processing has been completed for produce whose processing has not been completed, or from produce whose processing has not been completed for produce whose processing has been completed or from produce whose processing has not been completed for other produce whose processing has not been completed. If they did take terumah, their terumah is terumah."
|
32 |
+
],
|
33 |
+
[
|
34 |
+
"They may not give terumah from pure [produce] for impure [produce], but if they did give, the terumah is terumah. In truth they said: If a cake of pressed figs had become partly defiled, one may give terumah from the clean part for that part which had become defiled. The same applies to a bunch of vegetables, or a stack of grain. If there were two cakes [of figs], two bunches [of vegetables], two stacks [of grain], one pure and one impure, one should not give terumah from one for the other. Rabbi Eliezer says: one can give terumah from that which is pure for that which is impure.",
|
35 |
+
"They may not give terumah from impure [produce] for that which is pure. If he did give: If unwittingly, the terumah is valid; If intentionally he has done nothing. So too, if a Levite had [unclean] tithe [from which terumah] had not been given, and he gave terumah from this, if unwittingly, the terumah is valid, if intentionally he has done nothing. Rabbi Judah says: if he knew of it at the outset, even if done in error, he has done nothing.",
|
36 |
+
"One who immerses [unclean] vessels on Shabbat: If unwittingly, he may use them. But if intentionally, he may not use them. One who separates tithes, or cooks on Shabbat: If unwittingly, he may eat it. But if intentionally, he may not eat it. One who plants on Shabbat: If unwittingly, he may keep the tree. But if intentionally, he must uproot it. But if during the sabbatical year, whether [it was planted] unwittingly or intentionally he must uproot it.",
|
37 |
+
"They may not give terumah from one kind for another kind, and if he did give, the terumah is not terumah. All kinds of wheat count as one. All kinds of fresh figs, dried figs and fig cakes count as one, and he may take terumah from one for the other. Wherever there is a priest, one must give terumah from the very best, and where there is no priest, one must give terumah from that which lasts longest. Rabbi Judah says: he should always give only from the very best.",
|
38 |
+
"They should give terumah of a whole small onion, and not of half of a large onion. Rabbi Judah says: not so, rather half of a large onion. So too, Rabbi Judah says: they give terumah from town onions for those from the village, but not from village onions for those from the town, since these are the food of its principal citizens.",
|
39 |
+
"They may give terumah from olives [to be used] for oil for those to be preserved, but not from olives due to be preserved for olives [to be used] for oil. [They may give] from unboiled wine for boiled wine, but not from boiled wine for unboiled wine. This is the general rule: any two things which together are kilayim (mixed species) he should not give terumah from one for the other, even if one is superior and the other inferior. But if they are not kilayim, then one may give terumah from the superior for that which is inferior, but not from the inferior for that which is superior. If one does give terumah from the inferior for that which is superior, his terumah is terumah, except for zunin given for wheat, since these (zunin) are not food. Cucumbers and melon count are one kind. Rabbi Judah says: two kinds."
|
40 |
+
],
|
41 |
+
[
|
42 |
+
"If one gave a cucumber as terumah and it was found to be bitter, a melon and it was found to be rotten, it is considered terumah, but he must again give terumah. If one gave a jar of wine as terumah and it was found to be vinegar: If prior to his act he knew that it was vinegar, the terumah is not valid; But if it had turned sour after he had given it as terumah, behold it is terumah. In case of doubt, it is terumah but he must again give terumah. The first terumah does not render on its own [produce into which it falls] “doubtful terumah” and it is not subject to the added fifth, and so the second.",
|
43 |
+
"If one of them falls into non-sacred produce, it does not make [the mixture] medumma [a mixture into which terumah has fallen]. If the second of them falls [then] into another place, it also does not make it medumma. But if both fall into one place, they do make it medumma, according to the size of the smaller of the two.",
|
44 |
+
"[Two] partners who took terumah, the one after the other:Rabbi Akiva says: the terumah of them both is terumah. But the sages say: the terumah of the first is terumah. Rabbi Yose says: if the first gave the prescribed amount, the terumah of the second is not terumah, but if the first did not give the prescribed amount, the terumah of the second is terumah.",
|
45 |
+
"To what does this apply? Only if one did not confer with the other, but if one allows a member of his household, or his slave or female slave to give terumah for him, this terumah is terumah. If he annulled [this permission]: If he annulled it before the taking of the terumah, the terumah is not terumah; But if he annulled it after the terumah had been taken, the terumah is terumah. Workers have no permission to give terumah, except for those who tread [grapes] for they defile the winepress immediately.",
|
46 |
+
"If one says: “The terumah of this pile is within it,” or, “its tithes are within it,” or, “the terumah of tithe [terumat maaser] is within it:” Rabbi Shimon says: he has thereby designated it. But the sages say: not unless he said, “It is in the north or south of it.” Rabbi Elazar Hisma says: one who says, “The terumah of this pile is taken from it for it,” he has thereby designated it. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: one who says, “The tenth part of this tithe is terumah of tithe for that pile,” he has thereby designated it.",
|
47 |
+
"He who gives terumah before first-fruits, or first tithe before terumah, or second tithe before first tithe, although he transgresses a negative commandment, that which he has done is done, for it is said: “You shall not delaying the skimming of the first yield of your vats” (Exodus 22:28).",
|
48 |
+
"From where do we derive that first-fruits must precede terumah, seeing that this one is called “terumah” and “the first” and the other is [also] called “terumah” and “the first”? Rather first-fruits take precedence since they are the first fruits of all produce. And terumah comes before the first tithe also because it is called “first.” And first tithe [precedes second tithe,] because it includes that which is called “first.”",
|
49 |
+
"He who intends saying ‘terumah’ and says ‘tithe’, or ‘tithe’ and says ‘terumah’; ‘Burnt-offering’ and he says ‘peace-offering’, or ‘peace-offering’ and he says ‘burnt-offering’; ‘[I vow] that I will not enter this house,’ and says ‘that house’, ‘That I will not derive any benefit from this [man],’ and says ‘from that [man],’ he has said nothing until his heart and mind are at one.",
|
50 |
+
"Terumah given by a non-Jew or a Samaritan is terumah and their tithes are tithes and their dedications [to the Temple] are dedications. Rabbi Judah says: the law of the vineyard in the fourth year is not applicable to a non-Jew. But the sages say: it is. The terumah of a non-Jew renders [produce into which it falls] medumma and [one who eats it unwittingly] is obligated [to pay back an extra] fifth. But Rabbi Shimon exempts it."
|
51 |
+
],
|
52 |
+
[
|
53 |
+
"One who sets aside only part of terumah and tithes, may take terumah from that [heap], but he may not take terumah from it for other produce. Rabbi Meir says: he can also take terumah and tithes for produce elsewhere.",
|
54 |
+
"If one had his produce in a storehouse, and he gave a seah to a Levite and a seah to a poor person, he may set aside another eight seahs and eat them, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: he may only set aside according to proportion.",
|
55 |
+
"The amount of terumah: A generous amount: one fortieth. Beth Shammai say: one thirtieth. The average amount: one fiftieth. A stingy amount: one sixtieth. If he gave terumah and discovered that it was only one sixtieth, his terumah is valid and he need not give again. If he does go back and add to it, [the extra amount] is liable to tithes. If he found that it was only one sixty-first it is valid, but he must give terumah again according to his established practice, in measure, weight or number. Rabbi Judah says: even if it be not from produce close by.",
|
56 |
+
"One who says to his messenger: “Go and give terumah [for me],” he should give terumah in accordance with the mind of the owner. If he does not know the mind of the owner, he gives according to the average amount one fiftieth. If he gave ten parts less or more, the terumah is terumah. If, however, his intention was to add even one part more, his terumah is not terumah.",
|
57 |
+
"One who wishes to give more terumah:Rabbi Eliezer says: he may give up to a tenth part, as in the case of heave-offering of tithe. [If he gave] more than this [measure] he must make it terumah of tithe for other produce. Rabbi Ishmael says: half non-sacred produce and half terumah. Rabbi Tarfon and Rabbi Akiba say: as long as he retains a part as non-sacred produce.",
|
58 |
+
"On three occasions they measure the contents of the basket: At the full time of the first ripe fruits, and of the late summer fruits, and in the middle of the summer. He who counts [the fruit] is praiseworthy, he who measures it is more praiseworthy, and he who weighs them is most praiseworthy of all.",
|
59 |
+
"Rabbi Eliezer says: terumah can be taken out [if it falls into] a hundred and one parts. Rabbi Joshua says: in a hundred and more, and this “more” has no definite measure. Rabbi Yose ben Meshullam says: this ‘more’ must be a kav to a hundred seahs, a sixth [of the seah] which renders the whole as medumma.",
|
60 |
+
"Rabbi Joshua says: black figs can bring up white ones, and white ones can bring up black ones. In the case of cakes of figs, the large can bring up the small, and the small can bring up the large. Round cakes of figs can bring up square cakes, and square cakes can bring up round ones. Rabbi Eliezer prohibits this. Rabbi Akiba says: if the kind which fell in is known, then the one kind cannot bring up the other kind, but if the kind is not known, the one kind can bring up the other.",
|
61 |
+
"How so? If there were fifty black figs and fifty white fig, and a black fig fell in, the black figs are forbidden, but the white figs are permitted; and if a white fig fell in them, the white figs are forbidden and the black figs are permitted. If it is unknown which kind fell in, then each kind helps to bring up the other. In this case, Rabbi Eliezer is stringent and Rabbi Joshua is lenient.",
|
62 |
+
"But in this, Rabbi Eliezer is more lenient and Rabbi Joshua more stringent. One was pressing a litra of dried figs [of terumah] into a jar and he didn’t know which: Rabbi Eliezer says: they are to be regarded as if they were separated, so that those below can bring up those above. Rabbi Joshua says: it cannot be brought up unless there are a hundred jars.",
|
63 |
+
"A seah of terumah which fell on top of a pile and he skimmed it off: Rabbi Eliezer says: if in that which he skimmed off there are hundred seahs, it can be taken out [through a ratio of] one hundred to one. But Rabbi Joshua says: it cannot be brought up. A seah of terumah which fell on top of a pile, he must skim it off. If so, why did they say that terumah can be taken up in one hundred and one parts? [Only] if it is not known whether it has become mixed up or where it has fallen.",
|
64 |
+
"Two baskets or two piles and a seah of terumah fell on top of one of them and it is not known into which it had fallen, they bring up the terumah in the other. Rabbi Shimon says: even if they are in two cities, they bring up the terumah in the other.",
|
65 |
+
"Rabbi Yose said: A case once came before Rabbi Akiva concerning fifty bundles of vegetables into which a bundle of the same size had fallen, half of which was terumah. And I said in front of him, that it can be brought up, not because terumah can be brought up in fifty-one, but because there were one hundred and two halves there."
|
66 |
+
],
|
67 |
+
[
|
68 |
+
"If a seah of unclean terumah fell into less than a hundred seahs of hullin, or first tithe, or second tithe, or dedicated property, whether these were unclean or clean, they must all be left to rot. If the seah [of terumah] was clean, [the mixture] must be sold to priests at the price of terumah, excluding the value of that seah itself. If it fell into first tithe, he should declare terumah of tithe. And if it fell into second tithe or dedicated property, they must be redeemed. If the hullin was unclean, it may be eaten in small quantities, or roasted, or kneaded with fruit juice, or divided into pieces of dough so that the size of one egg be not in any one place.",
|
69 |
+
"A seah of unclean terumah which fell into a hundred of clean hullin:Rabbi Eliezer says: [a seah] must be taken out and burnt, for I say that the seah taken out is the one that fell in. But the sages say: it may be taken out and eaten in small quantities, or roasted, or kneaded with fruit juice, or divided into pieces of dough so that the size of one egg be not in any one place.",
|
70 |
+
"A seah of clean terumah fell into a hundred of unclean hullin, it may be eaten in small quantities, or roasted, or kneaded with fruit juice, or divided into pieces of dough so that the size of one egg be not in any one place.",
|
71 |
+
"A seah of unclean terumah that falls into one hundred seahs of clean terumah: Bet Shammai prohibits, But Bet Hillel permits. Bet Hillel said to Bet Shammai: since clean [terumah] is forbidden to non-priests and unclean [terumah is forbidden] to priests, then just as clean [terumah] is brought up, so too unclean [terumah] can be brought up. Bet Shammai answered them: No! If hullin which is treated more leniently [in that it is permitted to non-priests] allows us to bring up clean [terumah that falls into it], does terumah [which is more stringent in that it is forbidden to non-priests] also allow us to bring up that which is unclean? After [Bet Shammai] had agreed [with Bet Hillel], Rabbi Eliezer said: it should be taken out and burned. But the sages say: it is gone, on account of its being a tiny [portion of the whole mixture].",
|
72 |
+
"A seah of terumah that fell into a hundred [of hullin], and he lifted it out and fell into [hullin] elsewhere:Rabbi Eliezer says: it renders medumma as though it were certainly terumah. But the sages say: it is rendered medumma only according to proportion.",
|
73 |
+
"A seah of terumah which fell into less than a hundred [of hullin], and rendered the whole medumma, and part of this mixture fell afterwards into another place: Rabbi Eliezer says: it renders again medumma as if certain terumah [had fallen in]. But the sages say: the [first] mixture renders medumma only according to the proportion. [Similarly], that which is leavened [with terumah] renders other dough leavened [as with terumah] only according to the proportion. And drawn water disqualifies a ritual bath also only according to the proportion.",
|
74 |
+
"If a seah of terumah fell into a hundred [of hullin] and he lifted [a seah] out, and then another fell in, and he lifted another out and another fell in, the pile is permissible as long as the amount of terumah does not exceed that of the hullin.",
|
75 |
+
"If a seah of terumah fell into a hundred [of hullin], and before he could take it out, another fell in, the whole becomes forbidden. Rabbi Shimon permits it.",
|
76 |
+
"If a seah of terumah fell into a hundred [of hullin], and they were ground together and reduced in bulk, just as the hullin was reduced so too the terumah was reduced, and it is permitted. If a seah of terumah fell into less than a hundred [of hullin] and they were ground together and increased in bulk, just as the hullin became more, so too the terumah became more, and it is forbidden. If it is known that the kernels of hullin were better than the terumah, it is permitted. If a seah of terumah fell into less than a hundred [of hullin], and more hullin fell in afterwards, if it was accidental it is permissible, but if intentional it is forbidden."
|
77 |
+
],
|
78 |
+
[
|
79 |
+
"One who eats terumah unwittingly must repay its value plus a fifth, whether he eats it or drinks it, or anoints himself with it, or whether the terumah is clean or unclean. [If he eats the added fifth] he must pay its fifth, and a fifth of that fifth. He may not repay with terumah, but rather with tithed hullin, which becomes terumah. And whatever may be repaid in its place also becomes terumah and if the priest wishes to forego [the fine], he cannot do so.",
|
80 |
+
"A daughter of an Israelite ate terumah and afterwards married a priest:If the terumah she ate had not yet been acquired by another priest she can repay to herself the value and the fifth. But if a priest had already acquired the terumah she had eaten, she must repay the value to the owners, but [she can repay] the fifth to herself, because they said that he who eats terumah unwittingly, pays the value to the owners and the fifth to whoever he wants.",
|
81 |
+
"If one gives his workmen or his guests terumah to eat he must repay the principal and they must pay the fifth, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: they must pay both the value and the fifth, and he must pay them for the price of their meal.",
|
82 |
+
"If one stole terumah but did not eat it, he must return double-payment at the price of terumah. If he ate it, he must pay twice the value plus a fifth, one principal value and a fifth at the price of hullin, and the other principal at the price of terumah. If one stole terumah of dedicated property and ate it, he must repay two fifths and the principal value, for the laws of double-payment do not apply to dedicated property.",
|
83 |
+
"They may not make repayment from gleanings, from forgotten sheaf, from peah or ownerless property. Nor from first tithe from which terumah has been taken, nor from second tithe or dedicated produce which have been redeemed, because one dedicated thing (kadosh) cannot be used to redeem another dedicated thing (kadosh), the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages permit [payment] with these.",
|
84 |
+
"Rabbi Eliezer says: they may make repayment from one kind for another, provided that it is from a superior kind for an inferior kind. Rabbi Akiva says: they may make repayment only from the same kind. Hence if a man ate cucumbers grown a year before the seventh year, he must wait for those grown after the termination of the seventh year and repay with them. The same source which causes Rabbi Eliezer to be lenient causes Rabbi Akiva to be stringent, for it says: “And he shall give the priest the holy thing (hakodesh)” (Leviticus 22:14), [implying,] whatever is liable to become “kodesh,” the words of Rabbi Eliezer. But Rabbi Akiva says: “And he shall give the priest the holy thing (kodesh),” [implying] the same kind of holy thing which he ate."
|
85 |
+
],
|
86 |
+
[
|
87 |
+
"One who eats terumah intentionally must repay its value, but not the fifth. And the repayment remains hullin, therefore, if the priest wishes to forgive the repayment, he may.",
|
88 |
+
"If the daughter of a priest married an Israelite and afterwards ate terumah, she must repay the value but not the fifth, and her death-penalty [for adultery] is by burning. If she married any of those disqualified [from marrying her], she must pay back both the value and the fifth, and her death-penalty [for adultery] is by strangling, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: in either case, she repays the value but not the fifth, and the death penalty is by burning.",
|
89 |
+
"One who feeds [terumah] to his small children, or to his slaves whether they are of majority age or minors, or one who eats terumah from outside the land, or less than an olive’s bulk of terumah, must repay the value, but not the fifth; and the repayment remains hullin. Therefore, if the priest wishes to forgive the repayment, he may.",
|
90 |
+
"This is the general principle: whenever one has to repay both the value and the fifth, the repayment becomes terumah, and if the priest desires to forgive the repayment, he cannot forgive. But whenever one has to repay the value only and not the fifth, the repayment remains hullin (non-sacred produce), and if the priest wishes to forgive the repayment, he can.",
|
91 |
+
"If there were two baskets, one of terumah and one of hullin, and a seah of terumah fell into one of them, but it is not known into which, behold I can assume that it had fallen into that of the terumah. [Two baskets] and it is not known which was of terumah and which of hullin, and he eats from one of them, he is exempt, and the second basket is treated as terumah and subject to the laws of hallah, the words of Rabbi Meir. But Rabbi Yose exempts it. If another person eats from the second basket he is exempt. If one man ate of both, he must repay the value of the smaller of the two.",
|
92 |
+
"If one of these [baskets] fell into hullin, it does not render it medumma (doubtful terumah), but the second is treated as terumah and subject to the law of hallah, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yose exempts it. If the second falls elsewhere [into hullin] it does not render it medumma. If both of them fall into one place, they render it medumma according to [the proportion] of the smaller of the two.",
|
93 |
+
"If he used one of these [baskets] as seed, he is exempt, and the second is treated as if it were terumah and subject to the law of hallah, the words of Rabbi Meir. But Rabbi Yose exempts it. If another person uses the second as seed, then he is exempt. If one man uses both as seed, if it is of a kind whose seed disintegrates [in the ground] it is permissible, but if it is of the kind whose seed does not disintegrate it is prohibited."
|
94 |
+
],
|
95 |
+
[
|
96 |
+
"If a woman was eating terumah, and they came and said to her, “Your husband is dead”, or “He divorced you.” Or, if a slave was eating terumah, and they came and said to him: “Your master is dead”, or “He sold you to an Israelite”, or “He gave you away as a gift”, or “He emancipated you.” So too, if a priest was eating terumah and it became known that he was the son of a divorced woman or a halutzah (a woman released from levirate marriage): Rabbi Eliezer says: they must repay both the value and the fifth. But Rabbi Joshua exempts them [from the added fifth]. If [a priest] was standing and sacrificing on the altar and it became known that he was the son of a divorced woman or a halutzah: Rabbi Eliezer says: all the sacrifices he had offered on the altar are disqualified. But Rabbi Joshua pronounces them valid. If it, however, it became known that he possessed a blemish, his service is disqualified.",
|
97 |
+
"In all the above cases, if terumah was still in their mouth: Rabbi Eliezer says: they may swallow it. But Rabbi Joshua says: they must spit it out. [If it was said to him], “Your have become unclean”, or “the terumah has become unclean”, Rabbi Eliezer says: he may swallow it. But Rabbi Joshua says: he must spit it out. [If it was said to him], “You were unclean” or “the terumah was unclean”, or it became known that [the food he was eating] was untithed, or that it was first tithe from which terumah had not yet been taken, or second tithe or dedicated produce that had not been redeemed, or if he tasted the taste of a bug in his mouth, he must spit it out.",
|
98 |
+
"If he was eating a bunch of grapes, and he entered from the garden into the courtyard: Rabbi Eliezer says: he may finish eating. But Rabbi Joshua says: he may not finish. If dusk set in at the eve of Shabbat: Rabbi Eliezer says: he may finish eating. But Rabbi Joshua says: he may not finish.",
|
99 |
+
"If wine of terumah was left uncovered, it must be poured out, and there is no need to say this in the case of hullin. Three kinds of liquids are forbidden if they were left uncovered: water, wine and milk, but all other drinks are permitted. How long do they remain uncovered for them to become prohibited? The time it takes the snake to creep out from a place near by and drink.",
|
100 |
+
"The amount of water that is uncovered: enough to negate the poison. Rabbi Yose says: in vessels [it is forbidden] whatever the quantity, but for water on the ground, it must be forty se'ahs.",
|
101 |
+
"Figs, grapes, cucumbers, pumpkins, melons or watermelons that have bite marks, even if they are in a jar, both large or small, both plucked or still attached to the soil, they are forbidden as long as there is juice in them. [An animal] bitten by a snake is forbidden on account of the danger to life.",
|
102 |
+
"A wine-filter [used as a cover] does not prevent [the wine from becoming] forbidden by being uncovered. But Rabbi Nehemiah permits it.",
|
103 |
+
"A jar of terumah which may have become impure:Rabbi Eliezer says: if it had been deposited in an exposed place, he must now place it in a hidden place; and if it had formerly been uncovered, it must now be covered. But Rabbi Joshua says: if it had been in a hidden place, he must now place it in an exposed place; and if it had formerly been covered up, he must now uncover it. Rabban Gamaliel says: let him not do anything new to it.",
|
104 |
+
"A jar [of terumah] was broken in the upper part of the wine-press, and the lower part was unclean: Both Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Joshua agree that if one can save at least a reviit of it in cleanness he should save it. But if not: Rabbi Eliezer says: let it flow down and become unclean of its own accord, and let him not make it unclean with his own hands.",
|
105 |
+
"Similarly a jar of [terumah] oil which spilled: Both Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Joshua agree that if he can save at least a reviit in purity he should save it; But if not: Rabbi Eliezer says: let it flow down and be swallowed up by the ground, and let him not make it unclean with his own hands.",
|
106 |
+
"Concerning both cases Rabbi Joshua said: This is not the kind of terumah over which I am cautioned lest I defile it, but rather to eat of it and not to defile it. If one was passing from place to place with loaves of terumah in his hand and a Gentile said to him: “Give me one of these and I will make it unclean; for if not, I will defile them all,” let him defile them all, and not give him deliberately one to defile, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. But Rabbi Joshua says: he should place one of them on a rock.",
|
107 |
+
"Similarly, if gentiles say to women, “Give us one of you that we may defile her, and if not, we will defile you all”, then let them all be defiled rather than hand over to them one soul from Israel."
|
108 |
+
],
|
109 |
+
[
|
110 |
+
"He who plants terumah, if unwittingly, may overturn it, but if intentionally, he must allow it to remain. If it had already grown a third of its full size, whether he had planted it unwittingly or intentionally, he must allow it to remain. But in the case of flax, even when planted intentionally he must overturn it.",
|
111 |
+
"And it is subject to gleanings, the forgotten sheaf and peah. Poor Israelites and poor priests may glean them, but the poor Israelites must sell theirs to priests for the price of terumah and the money becomes theirs. Rabbi Tarfon says: only poor priests may glean them, lest [the others] forget and put it into their mouths. Rabbi Akiva said to him: if that be so, then only those who are clean should be allowed to glean.",
|
112 |
+
"And it is also subject to tithes and poor man’s tithe. Both Israelites and priests that are poor may accept them, but the poor Israelites must sell that which is theirs to the priest for the price of terumah and the money belongs to them. He who beats the grain with sticks [instead of threashing with an animal] is to be praised. But he who threshes it [by having an animal walk on it] what should he do? He must suspend baskets from the neck of the animal and place in them from the same kind, with the result that he will neither muzzle the animal nor feed it terumah.",
|
113 |
+
"What grows from terumah is terumah, but that which grows from growths [of terumah] is hullin. As for untithed produce, first tithe, after-growths from the sabbatical year, terumah grown outside the land, mixtures of hullin with terumah (medumma) and first-fruits what grows from them is hullin. What grows from dedicated produce and second tithe is hullin and it is to be redeemed [at its value] at the time when it was sown.",
|
114 |
+
"If a hundred rows were planted with terumah seeds and one with hullin, they all are permitted, if they are of a kind whose seed disintegrates in the soil. But if they are of a kind whose seed does not disintegrate in the soil, then even if there be a hundred [rows] of hullin and one of terumah, they all are prohibited.",
|
115 |
+
"As for untithed produce, what grows from it is permissible if of a kind whose seed disintegrates [in the soil]. But if of a kind whose seed does not disintegrate, then even what grows from plants which grew out of it are forbidden. Which is the kind whose seed does not disintegrate? Like luf, garlic and onions. Rabbi Judah says: garlic is like barley.",
|
116 |
+
"He who weeds allium plants (whose seeds do not disintegrate) for a Gentile, even though the produce is untithed he eat from them in a casual fashion. Saplings of terumah which had become unclean and were re-planted, become clean from their uncleanness. But they must not be eaten until the edible part [of the stalk] has been lopped off. Rabbi Judah says: he must [before eating] lop off a second time that which grew on the edible part."
|
117 |
+
],
|
118 |
+
[
|
119 |
+
"An onion [of terumah] was placed into lentils:If the onion was whole, it is permissible; But if [the onion] had been cut up, [it is forbidden if it] imparts a flavor. In the case of other dishes, whether the onion is whole or cut up [it is forbidden] if it imparts a flavor. Rabbi Judah permits it in the case of mashed fish, because it is used only to remove the unpleasant flavor.",
|
120 |
+
"If an apple [of terumah] was chopped and placed into dough [of hullin] so that it leavened it, [the dough] is forbidden. If barley [of terumah] fell into a cistern of water, though [the barley] stinks up the water, the water is permissible.",
|
121 |
+
"One who removes warm bread from an oven and places it over an open barrel of terumah wine:Rabbi Meir says: it is forbidden. Rabbi Judah permits it. Rabbi Yose permits the bread of wheat but not of barley, because barley absorbs.",
|
122 |
+
"If an oven was heated with cumin of terumah and bread was baked in it, the bread is permitted, for there is no taste of cumin, just the smell of cumin.",
|
123 |
+
"Fenugreek which fell into a vat of wine:If it was terumah or second tithe and there is in the seed alone without the stalk sufficient to impart a flavor [it is forbidden]. But if it was seventh year produce or mixed seeds in vineyards, or dedicated produce, [it is forbidden] if in both seed and stalk there is sufficient to impart a flavor.",
|
124 |
+
"If one had bunches of fenugreek of mixed seeds of the vineyard, they must be burned. If he had bunches of fenugreek of untithed produce, he must beat them and calculate the amount of seed within them and set aside [terumah] from the seed, but he need not separate terumah from the stalks. But if he did set aside [the terumah from the stalks before he beat the bunches] he must not say: “I will beat out [the seed] and take the stalks and give only the seed” but he must give the stalks together with the seed.",
|
125 |
+
"Olives of hullin which were pickled together with olives of terumah, whether it was a case where crushed [olives] of hullin [which were pickled together] with crushed [olives] of terumah, or crushed [olives] of hullin with whole [olives] of terumah, or with juice of terumah, they are forbidden. But if whole [olives] of hullin were pickled with crushed [olives] of terumah, they are permitted.",
|
126 |
+
"Unclean fish which was pickled with clean fish:If the jug contains two seahs and the unclean fish weighs ten zuz in Judean measure, which is five selas in Galilean measure, the brine is forbidden. Rabbi Judah says: it needs be a quarter [of a log] in two seahs. Rabbi Yose says: one-sixteenth of it.",
|
127 |
+
"If unclean locusts were pickled together with clean ones, they do not make the brine forbidden. Rabbi Zadok testified that the brine of unclean locusts is clean.",
|
128 |
+
"[Vegetables] pickled together are permitted, except [when pickled] with allium (onions, garlic, leeks). Allim of hullin [pickled] with allium of terumah, or other vegetables of hullin with leeks of terumah are forbidden. But allium of hullin with vegetables of terumah are permitted.",
|
129 |
+
"Rabbi Yose says: Anything stewed with [terumah] beets becomes forbidden, because they impart a flavor. Rabbi Shimon says: cabbage from a field artificially irrigated [that is stewed] with [terumah] cabbage from a field watered by rain, is forbidden because it absorbs. Rabbi Akiba says: all things cooked together are permitted, except those with meat. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says: liver renders other things forbidden, but does not become forbidden, because it gives off [flavor] but does not absorb.",
|
130 |
+
"If an egg is boiled with forbidden spices even its yolk is forbidden, because it absorbs. The water in which terumah has been stewed or pickled is forbidden to non-priests."
|
131 |
+
],
|
132 |
+
[
|
133 |
+
"One must not put a cake of pressed [terumah] figs or dried [terumah] figs into fish-brine, since it spoils them. But one may place [terumah] wine into fish brine. One must not perfume the oil, But one may put honey and pepper into wine. One may not boil terumah wine, because it decreases it. Rabbi Judah permits this, because it improves it.",
|
134 |
+
"[A non-priest drank] honey of dates, wine of apples, vinegar from winter grapes, and all other kinds of fruit juice of terumah: Rabbi Eliezer makes him liable to repay their value and the fifth; But Rabbi Joshua exempts from the fifth. Rabbi Eliezer declares [these] susceptible to uncleanness as liquids. Rabbi Joshua says: the sages have not enumerated seven liquids as those that count spices, but rather they stated: seven liquids make things susceptible to uncleaness, whereas all other liquids do not make susceptible.",
|
135 |
+
"One must not make dates into honey, apples into wine, winter-grapes into vinegar, or change any other kind of fruit that is terumah or second tithe from their natural state, except olives and grapes. One does not receive forty lashes on account of orlah except with that which comes from olives and grapes. Liquids cannot be brought as first fruits, except with that which comes from olives and grapes. And no fruit juice is susceptible to uncleanness as liquids except with that which comes from olives and grapes. And nothing [that is derived from fruit] can be offered on the altar except with that which comes from olives and grapes.",
|
136 |
+
"The stems of fresh figs and dried figs, klisim and carobs of terumah are forbidden to non-priests.",
|
137 |
+
"Seeds of terumah [fruit]: When he gathers them in, they are prohibited. But if he throws them away, they are permitted. Similarly, the bones of holy things: When he gathers them in, they are prohibited. But if he throws them away, they are permitted. Coarse bran is permitted. Fine bran of new wheat is forbidden, and old wheat permitted. One may act with regard to terumah as one does with hullin. One who sifts a kav or two [of fine flour] from a seah of wheat, must not leave the rest to ruin, but rather he should put it in a hidden place.",
|
138 |
+
"If a store-chamber was cleared of terumah wheat, they do not need to force him to sit down and collect each grain, but rather he may sweep it all up in his usual manner and then deposit hullin in it.",
|
139 |
+
"Similarly, if a jar of oil is upset, they do not need to force him to sit down and scoop it up [with his fingers], but he may deal with it as he would in a case of hullin.",
|
140 |
+
"One who pours from jar to jar and three drops drip, he may place in it hullin. But if he inclined the jar [on its side] in order to drain it, it is terumah. How much terumat maaser of demai must there be for him to take it to the priest? One eighth of an eighth [of a log].",
|
141 |
+
"Vetches of terumah may be given to cattle, to wild beasts or fowls. If an Israelite hired a cow from a priest, he may give it vetches of terumah to eat. But if a priest hired a cow from an Israelite, even though the responsibility of feeding it is his, he must not feed it with vetches of terumah. If an Israelite undertakes the care of a cow from a priest, he must not feed it with vetches of terumah. But if a priest undertakes the care of a cow from an Israelite, he may feed it on vetches of terumah.",
|
142 |
+
"One may burn terumah oil that has to be burnt in synagogues, houses of study, dark alleys, and for sick people with permission of the priest. If the daughter of an Israelite married to a priest regularly goes to her father's house, her father may burn [such oil] with her permission. One may also burn [such oil] in a house of celebration but not in a house of mourning, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Yose says: in the house of mourning, but not in a house of celebration. Rabbi Meir forbids it in both places. But Rabbi Shimon permits it in both places."
|
143 |
+
]
|
144 |
+
],
|
145 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
146 |
+
"Chapter",
|
147 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
148 |
+
]
|
149 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/English/Sefaria Community Translation.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
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1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Terumot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Sefaria Community Translation",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"license": "CC0",
|
8 |
+
"versionTitleInHebrew": "תרגום קהילת ספריא",
|
9 |
+
"actualLanguage": "en",
|
10 |
+
"languageFamilyName": "english",
|
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+
"isBaseText": false,
|
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"isSource": false,
|
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"direction": "ltr",
|
14 |
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"heTitle": "משנה תרומות",
|
15 |
+
"categories": [
|
16 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
17 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
18 |
+
],
|
19 |
+
"text": [
|
20 |
+
[
|
21 |
+
"Five [types of people] may not set aside <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption], and if they did set aside <i>Terumah</i>, their <i>Terumah</i> is not [valid] <i>Terumah</i>: the deaf-mute, and the <i>shoteh</i>, and the minor, and one who sets aside <i>Terumah</i> from what does not belong to him. If a non-Jew who set aside <i>Terumah</i> from what belongs to a Jew even with permission, [the non-Jew's] <i>Terumah</i> is not [valid] <i>Terumah</i>. ",
|
22 |
+
"A deaf person who can speak but cannot hear may not set aside <i>Terumah</i>. But if one did set aside <i>Terumah</i>, one's <i>Terumah</i> is valid <i>Terumah</i>. A deaf person that the Sages refer to in all cases can neither hear nor speak.",
|
23 |
+
"Regarding a minor who has not brought forth two [pubic] hairs, Rabbi Yehudah says that his <i>Terumah</i> is [valid] <i>Terumah</i>. Rabbi Yosi says, if he has not reached an age of [responsibility for his] vows, his <i>Terumah</i> is not [valid] <i>Terumah</i>. When he reaches an age [of responsibility for his] vows, his <i>Terumah</i> is [valid] <i>Terumah</i>. ",
|
24 |
+
"One may not set aside <i>Terumah</i> from olives for oil, and not from grapes for wine. If one did set aside <i>Terumah</i> [from olives for oil or grapes for wine], the school of Shammai rules that their own <i>Terumah</i> [that was required of the grapes or wine] is among them, and the school of Hillel rules that one's <i>Terumah</i> is not [valid] <i>Terumah</i>.",
|
25 |
+
"One may not set aside <i>Terumah</i> from the <i>Leket</i> [fallen gleanings given to the poor], or from the <i>Shikhecha</i> [forgotten sheaves given to the poor], or from the <i>Pe'ah</i> [corner of the field that must be given to the poor], or from the <i>Hefker</i> [ownerless], and not from the first tithe whose <i>Terumah</i> has already been taken, or from <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem] or <i>Hekdesh</i> [consecrated donation] that has been redeemed, and not from that which is obligated [in <i>Terumah</i>] for that which is not obligated, and not from that which is not obligated to that which is obligated, and not from the picked to the unpicked, and not from the unpicked to the picked, and not from the <i>Chadash</i> [grain from the current year that one is forbidden to eat] for the <i>Yashan</i> [grain from the previous year that one is permitted to eat], and not from the <i>Yashan</i> for the <i>Chadash</i>, and not from the fruits of the Land [of Israel] for fruits from outside the Land, and not from fruits outside the Land for fruits of the Land. And if one did set aside <i>Terumah</i> [from these types of produce], one's <i>Terumah</i> is not [valid] <i>Terumah</i>.",
|
26 |
+
"Five [types of people] may not set aside <i>Terumah</i>, and if they did set aside <i>Terumah</i>, their <i>Terumah</i> is [valid] <i>Terumah</i>: the mute, the drunkard, the naked, the blind, and a <i>Ba'al Keri</i> [one who had a nocturnal emission] may not set aside <i>Terumah</i>, and if they did set aside <i>Terumah</i>, their <i>Terumah</i> is [valid] <i>Terumah</i>.",
|
27 |
+
"One may not set aside <i>Terumah</i> by measure, by weights, or by number. However, one may set aside <i>Terumah</i> from that which has been measured, weighed, or counted. One may not set aside <i>Terumah</i> in a basket or container with a known measure. However, one may set aside <i>Terumah</i> in them [by only filling them] a half or a third. One may not set aside <i>Terumah</i> in [a container that holds one] <i>Seah</i> [specific unit of volume, by only filling it] a half, since half of it is a measure.",
|
28 |
+
"One may not set aside <i>Terumah</i> from oil for crushed olives, nor from wine for trodden grapes. If one has already set aside <i>Terumah</i>, one's <i>Terumah</i> is [valid] <i>Terumah</i>, but one must again set aside <i>Terumah</i>. The first [set of <i>Terumah</i>] will render on its own [another substance that it falls into] a forbidden mixture and requires a fine of a fifth [of its value if eaten by an Israelite], but not so with the second [set of <i>Terumah</i>].",
|
29 |
+
"One may set aside <i>Terumah</i> from oil for pickled olives, and wine for grapes that will be made into raisins. If one set aside <i>Terumah</i> from oil for olives that will be eaten, or wine for grapes that will be eaten, or grapes for grapes that will be eaten, and he decided to press them, one does not need to set aside <i>Terumah</i> [again].",
|
30 |
+
"One may not set aside <i>Terumah</i> from substances whose preparations have been finished for substances whose preparations have not been finished, and not from substances whose preparations have not been finished for substances whose preparations have been finished, and not from substances whose preparations have not been finished for [other] substances whose preparations have not been finished. But if they have already set aside <i>Terumah</i>, their <i>Terumah</i> is [valid] <i>Terumah</i>."
|
31 |
+
],
|
32 |
+
[
|
33 |
+
"One may not set aside <i>Terumah</i> [produce set aside for priestly consumption] from the pure for the impure. And if they set the <i>Terumah</i> aside, their <i>Terumah</i> is [valid] <i>Terumah</i>. Truly they said, the fig round, some of which has been made impure, one may set aside <i>Terumah</i> from the pure that is in it for the impure that is in it. And so too with a bundle of greenery, and so too with a pile. If there were two rounds, two bundles, or two piles--one impure and one pure--one may not set aside <i>Terumah</i> from one for the other. Rabbi Eliezer says: one may set aside <i>Terumah</i> from the pure for the impure.",
|
34 |
+
"One may not set aside <i>Terumah</i> from the impure for the pure. And if he accidentally set the <i>Terumah</i> aside, their <i>Terumah</i> is [valid] <i>Terumah</i>. If intentionally, [it is as if] he has done nothing. And so too with a Levite who had tithes from which <i>Terumah</i> had not been taken, and was continuously designating [parts of these impure tithes as the <i>Terumah</i> of other tithes]: if accidentally, what he did is done [with validity]. If intentionally, [it is as if] he has done nothing. Rabbi Yehudah said, if he knew that it was [impure] in the beginning, even if he [forgot and designated] accidentally, [it is as if] he has done nothing.",
|
35 |
+
"One who immerses vessels on the Sabbath accidentally may use them. Intentionally - he may not use them. One who tithes or cooks on the Sabbath accidentally may eat of it. Intentionally - he may not eat of it. One who plants on the Sabbath accidentally may allow it to grow. Intentionally - he must uproot [the plant]. If it is during the Sabbatical year, whether it was accidental or intentional - he must uproot.",
|
36 |
+
"One may not set aside <i>Terumah</i> from one species for a different species. And if he set the <i>Terumah</i> aside, his <i>Terumah</i> is not [valid] <i>Terumah</i>. All species of wheat are [considered] one [species]. All species of figs and dried figs and pressed figs are one, and one may set aside <i>Terumah</i> from one for the other. Any place where there is a <i>Kohen</i> [member of priestly caste], the <i>Terumah</i> should be set aside from the finer species. And any place where there is not a <i>Kohen</i>, the <i>Terumah</i> should be set aside from the longer lasting species. Rabbi Yehudah said, he should always set the <i>Terumah</i> aside from the finer species.",
|
37 |
+
"One should set aside as <i>Terumah</i> a whole small onion, rather than half of a large onion. Rabbi Yehudah said: not so, rather half of a large onion. And thus did Rabbi Yehudah say, one should set aside as <i>Terumah</i> onions from within the towns for [onions from within] the villages, but not [onions] from within the villages for [onions from within] the towns, because it is the food of the aristocracy.",
|
38 |
+
"One should set aside <i>Terumah</i> oil olives for pickled olives but not pickled olives for oil olives, and unboiled wine for boiled wine but not boiled wine for unboiled wine. The rule is that for any species that is considered <i>Kilayim</i> [forbidden mix of two species] with another species, one should not set aside <i>Terumah</i> from one [species] for the other [species], even from the good [species] for the bad [species]. And any species that is not considered <i>Kilayim</i> with another species, one may set aside <i>Terumah</i> from the good [species] for the bad [species], but not from the bad [species] for the good [species]. But if one set aside <i>Terumah</i> from the bad for the good, his <i>Terumah</i> is valid <i>Terumah</i>, except for from darnel [a poisonous rye grass] for wheat, since [darnel] is not a food. The gourd and the cucumber are one species. Rabbi Yehudah says [they are] two species."
|
39 |
+
],
|
40 |
+
[
|
41 |
+
"If one set aside a gourd as <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption] and it was found to be bitter, a melon and it was found to be rotten, it is [considered valid] <i>Terumah</i> but he must again give <i>Terumah</i>. If one set aside a barrel of wine as <i>Terumah</i> and it was found to be vinegar, if it was known to be vinegar before he set it aside as <i>Terumah</i>, is is [not considered valid] <i>Terumah</i>. But if it had become vinegar after he had given it as <i>Terumah</i>, behold it is <i>Terumah</i>. In a case of doubt, it is <i>Terumah</i> but he must again give <i>Terumah</i>. The first [set of <i>Terumah</i>] will not render on its own [another substance that it falls] a forbidden mixture and does not require a fine of a fifth [of its value if eaten by an Israelite], and so too with the second [set of <i>Terumah</i>].",
|
42 |
+
"If one of them fell into <i>Chulin</i> [non-sacred produce], it does not render [the <i>Chulin</i>] a forbidden mixture. If the second fell into a different place, it does not render [that place] a forbidden mixture. If both fell into the same place, it renders it a forbidden mixture according to the smaller one.",
|
43 |
+
"Partners who set aside <i>Terumah</i>, the one after the other: Rabbi Akiva says: the <i>Terumah</i> of both of them is [valid] <i>Terumah</i>. But the Sages say: [only] the <i>Terumah</i> of the first is <i>Terumah</i>. Rabbi Yosi says: if the first set aside <i>Terumah</i> according to the prescribed amount, the <i>Terumah</i> of the second is not <i>Terumah</i>, but if the first did not set aside <i>Terumah</i> according to the prescribed amount, the <i>Terumah</i> of the second is <i>Terumah</i>.",
|
44 |
+
"To what does this apply? Only if one did not confer [with the other], but if one permits a member of his household, or his male slave or female slave to set aside <i>Terumah</i> [for him], this <i>Terumah</i> is [considered valid] <i>Terumah</i>. If he annulled [this permission]: If he annulled it before he set aside <i>Terumah</i>, the Terumah is not [valid] <i>Terumah</i>. But if he annulled it after he set aside <i>Terumah</i>, the <i>Terumah</i> is <i>Terumah</i>. Workers have no permission to give <i>Terumah</i>, except for those who tread [grapes] for they immediately make the winepress impure.",
|
45 |
+
"If one says: “The <i>Terumah</i> of this pile is within it,” or, “its tithes are within it,” or, “the <i>Terumat Ma'aser</i> [a portion of the tithes that are given to the priest] is within it,” Rabbi Shimon says: he has [thereby] designated it [as <i>Terumah</i>, tithes, or <i>Terumat Ma'aser</i>]. But the Sages say: not unless he said, “It is in the north or south of it.” Rabbi Elazar Chisma says: if one says, “The <i>Terumah</i> of this pile is taken from it for it,” he has [thereby] designated it. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: if one says, “The tenth part of this tithe is made into <i>Terumat Ma'aser</i> for it,” he has [thereby] designated it.",
|
46 |
+
"If one sets aside <i>Terumah</i> before <i>Bikurim</i> [first-fruits that must be given to the priest], or <i>Ma'aser Rishon</i> [first tithe, which must be given to the Levite] before <i>Terumah</i>, or <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem] before <i>Ma'aser Rishon</i>, although he transgresses a negative commandment, that which he has done is done, for it is said: “You shall not delay your grain harvests and your grape harvests” (Exodus 22:28).",
|
47 |
+
"From where [do we derive] that [the setting aside of] <i>Bikurim</i> must precede <i>Terumah</i>, seeing that this one is called “<i>Terumah</i>” and “the first” and the other is [also] called “<i>Terumah</i>” and “the first”? Rather <i>Bikurim</i> take precedence since they are the first-fruits of all produce. And <i>Terumah</i> precedes <i>Ma'aser Rishon</i> because it is called “first.” And <i>Ma'aser Rishon</i> precedes <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> because it includes that which is called “first” [<i>Terumat Ma'aser</i>].",
|
48 |
+
"He who intends to say ‘<i>Terumah</i>’ and says ‘tithe’, [or] ‘tithe’ and says ‘<i>Terumah</i>’ [or who intends to say] ‘<i>Olah</i>’ [burnt-offering] and he says ‘<i>Shelamim</i>’ [burnt offering, or] ‘<i>Shelamim</i>’ and he says ‘<i>Olah</i>’ [or who intends to vow that] ‘I will not enter this house,’ and says, ‘that house,’ [or] ‘That I will not give any benefit to this [man],’ and says ‘to that [man],’ he has said nothing until his mouth and mind are equivalent.",
|
49 |
+
"A non-Jew and a Cuthite, their <i>Terumah</i> is [considered valid] <i>Terumah</i> and their tithes are [valid] tithes and their <i>Hekdesh</i> [consecrated donations] is [valid] <i>Hekdesh</i>. Rabbi Yehudah says: the non-Jew does not have <i>Kerem Revai</i> [fruits in the four year after their planting, which are considered sacred]. But the Sages say: he does have it. The <i>Terumah</i> of a non-Jew makes [produce into which it falls into] a forbidden mixture, and [one who eats it unintentionally] is obligated [to pay back an extra] fifth. But Rabbi Shimon exempts him."
|
50 |
+
],
|
51 |
+
[],
|
52 |
+
[],
|
53 |
+
[
|
54 |
+
"One who eats <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption] unintentionally must repay its principal value and a fifth [of its value, regardless of] whether he eats it or drinks it, or anoints himself with it, or whether the <i>Terumah</i> is pure or the <i>Terumah</i> is impure, he must pay its fifth and a fifth of that fifth [if he ate the fifth]. He may not repay with <i>Terumah</i>, but rather with tithed <i>Chulin</i> [non-sacred produce], which becomes <i>Terumah</i>. And the <i>Tashlumin</i> [payments for what was wrongfully eaten] also become <i>Terumah</i> and if the priest wishes to forego [the payments], he cannot forego.",
|
55 |
+
"A daughter of an Israelite who ate <i>Terumah</i> and afterwards was married to a priest: If she ate <i>Terumah</i> that had not yet been acquired by a [particular] priest, she can repay to herself the principal value and the fifth. But if she ate <i>Terumah</i> that a priest had already acquired, she must repay the principal value to the owners, but [she can repay] the fifth to herself, because they said that one who eats <i>Terumah</i> unintentionally must pay the principal value to the owners and the fifth to anyone he wants.",
|
56 |
+
"If one feeds his workers or his guests <i>Terumah</i>, he must pay the principal value and they must pay the fifth, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: they must pay both the principal value and the fifth, and he must pay them the price of their meal.",
|
57 |
+
"If one stole <i>Terumah</i> but did not eat it, he must pay <i>Tashlumei Kefel</i> [a double payment] of the price of the <i>Terumah</i>. If he ate it, he must pay two principal values plus a fifth, one principal value and a fifth from <i>Chulin</i> [non-sacred produce], and one principal value at the price of <i>Terumah</i>. If one stole <i>Terumah</i> of <i>Hekdesh</i> [consecrated donation] and ate it, he must pay two fifths and the principal value, for <i>Tashlumei Kefel</i> does not apply to <i>Hekdesh</i>. ",
|
58 |
+
"One may not pay from <i>Leket</i> [fallen gleanings given to the poor], from <i>Shikhecha</i> [forgotten sheaves given to the poor], from <i>Pe'ah</i> [corner of a field that must be given to the poor], or from the <i>Hefker</i> [ownerless property], and not <i>Ma'aser Rishon</i> [first tithe, which must be given to the Levite] from which <i>Terumah</i> has been taken, nor from <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem] and <i>Hekdesh</i> [consecrated donation] that have been redeemed, because <i>Kodesh</i> [consecrated material] may not be used to redeem <i>Kodesh</i>, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages permit [payment] with these.",
|
59 |
+
"Rabbi Eliezer says: one may pay from one species for another species, provided that it is from superior [produce] for inferior [produce]. Rabbi Akiva says: one may pay only from one species for its own species. Hence if a man ate cucumbers of the pre-Sabbatical year, he must wait for the cucumbers of the post-Sabbatical year and pay with them. From the place where Rabbi Eliezer is lenient [derives his leniency], from there Rabbi Akiva is stringent, for it says: “And he shall give the priest the <i>Kodesh</i>” (Leviticus 22:14). [This implies] whatever is appropriate for being <i>Kodesh</i>, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. But Rabbi Akiva says: “And he shall give the priest the <i>Kodesh</i>” [implies] the <i>Kodesh</i> that he ate."
|
60 |
+
],
|
61 |
+
[
|
62 |
+
"One who eats <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption] intentionally must pay the principal value but need not pay the [additional] fifth. The <i>Tashlumin</i> [payments for what was wrongfully eaten] are <i>Chulin</i> [non-sacred produce, and] if the priest wishes to forego [the payments], he may forego.",
|
63 |
+
"A daughter of a priest who married an Israelite and afterwards ate <i>Terumah</i>, she must pay the principal value but does not pay the [additional] fifth. Her death [penalty if she commits adultery] is by burning. If she married one of the ineligible [to marry a daughter of a priest], she must pay the principal value and the fifth, and her death [penalty] is by strangulation. These are the words of Rabbi Meir. The Sages say that both cases must pay the principal value but not pay the fifth, and their deaths are by burning.",
|
64 |
+
"One who feeds <i>Terumah</i> to his young children, or to his slaves, whether they are adult or young, as well as one who eats <i>Terumah</i> of <i>Chutz LaAretz</i> [outside of the Land of Israel], and one who eats less than an olive-bulk of <i>Terumah</i>, must repay the principal value, but need not pay the fifth. The <i>Tashlumin</i> are <i>Chulin</i>, [and] if the priest wishes to forego [the payments], he may forego.",
|
65 |
+
"This is the general principle: whenever one has to pay both the principal value and the fifth, the <i>Tashlumin</i> are <i>Terumah</i>, [and] if the priest wishes to forego [the payments], he may not forego. But whenever one has to pay the principal value and not pay the fifth, the <i>Tashlumin</i> remain <i>Chulin</i>, [and] if the priest wishes to forego [the payments], he may forego.",
|
66 |
+
"If there were two baskets, one of <i>Terumah</i> and one of <i>Chulin</i>, and a <i>Se'ah</i> [specific unit of volume] of <i>Terumah</i> fell into one of them, but it is not known into which it fell, behold I can assume that it had fallen into that of the <i>Terumah</i>. [If] it is not known which was of <i>Terumah</i> and which of <i>Chulin</i>, if he eats from one of them he is exempt, and the second [basket] is treated as [if it were] <i>Terumah</i> and requires <i>Challah</i> [dough that must be set aside for the priest], the words of Rabbi Meir. But Rabbi Yosi exempts. If another person eats from the second basket he is exempt. If one man ate of both, he must repay according to [the value of] the smaller of the two.",
|
67 |
+
"If one of these [baskets] fell into <i>Chulin</i>, it does not render it a forbidden mixture, and the second [basket] is treated as [if it were] <i>Terumah</i> and requires <i>Challah</i>, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yosi exempts. If the second [basket] falls into another place [that is <i>Chulin</i>], it does not render [that other place] a forbidden mixture. If both of them fall into one place, they render it <i>Demai</i> according to [the proportion of] the smaller of the two.",
|
68 |
+
"One who used one of these [baskets] as seed, he is exempt, and the second is treated as if it were <i>Terumah</i> and requires <i>Challah</i>, the words of Rabbi Meir. But Rabbi Yosi exempts. If another person uses the second as seed, he is exempt. If one man uses both as seed, if it is of a kind whose seed disintegrates [in the ground] it is permitted, but if it is of the kind whose seed does not disintegrate it is prohibited."
|
69 |
+
],
|
70 |
+
[
|
71 |
+
"If a woman was eating <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption] and someone came and told her, \"your husband died,\" or \"[he] divorced you,\" and also if a slave was eating <i>Terumah</i> and someone came and told him, \"your master has died,\" or \"[he] sold you to an Israelite [non-priest, whose slaves may not eat <i>Terumah</i>],\" or \"[he] gave you as a gift,\" or \"[he] made you a freeman,\" and also if a <i>Kohen</i> [priest] was eating <i>Terumah</i> and it became known that he is [not eligible to eat <i>Terumah</i> because he is] the son of a divorcee or of a <i>Chalutzah</i> [a childless widow whose brother-in-law has performed a divorce ceremony so as not to fulfill his requirement of marrying her], Rabbi Eliezer obligates him to pay the principle value and the fifth. Rabbi Yehoshua exempts him. If he was standing and sacrificing on the altar, and it became known that he is the son of a divorcee or a <i>Chalutzah</i>, Rabbi Eliezer says all the sacrifices that he offered on the altar are invalid. Rabbi Yehoshua deems them valid. If, [alternatively], it became known that he possesses a physical defect, his offering is invalid.",
|
72 |
+
"And in all of these cases, if there was <i>Terumah</i> in their mouths, Rabbi Eliezer says they may swallow [it]. Rabbi Yehoshua says they must spit [it] out. If someone tells him, \"you have just become impure and the <i>Terumah</i> has just become impure,\" Rabbi Eliezer says he may swallow [it]. Rabbi Yehoshua says he must spit [it] out. [If someone tells him,] \"you were already impure and the <i>Terumah</i> was already impure,\" or if it became known that it is untithed produce or <i>Ma'aser Rishon</i> [first tithe, which must be given to the Levite] from which no <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption] was taken, or <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem] or <i>Hekdesh</i> [consecrated donation] that were not redeemed, or if he tasted the taste of an insect in his mouth, he must spit out [the <i>Terumah</i>].",
|
73 |
+
"If someone was eating a grape cluster and entered from the garden into the courtyard, Rabbi Eliezer says he may finish [the cluster]. Rabbi Yehoshua says he may not finish. If Shabbat evening darkens [while he is eating], Rabbi Yehoshua says he may finish. Rabbi Eliezer says he may not finish.",
|
74 |
+
"If wine that is <i>Terumah</i> is left uncovered, it must be poured out. It is not necessary to say this if it is <i>Chulin</i> [non-sacred produce]. Three kinds of liquids become forbidden if left uncovered: water, wine, and milk. All other liquids [even if left uncovered] are permitted. How long must they be left [uncovered] for them to become forbidden? As long as [it would take] for a snake to come out from a nearby place and drink [from it].",
|
75 |
+
"The amount of water that may be left uncovered [without being rendered forbidden] is [greater than or equal to] the amount that can neutralize in it the poison. Rabbi Yosi says, in vessels, all [quantities of water are forbidden], and in the ground, forty <i>Se'ah</i> [specific unit of volume, is the minimum quantity of water that may be left uncovered and still be permitted].",
|
76 |
+
"Bite marks in figs, grapes, cucumbers, pumpkins, melons or cucumber-melons, even if they [the fruit] are as [much as] a <i>Kikar</i>, either large or small, either uprooted or rooted, all that contain moisture are forbidden. [An animal] bitten by a snake is forbidden on account of the danger to life.",
|
77 |
+
"A filter [used as a cover] for wine, [the wine] becomes forbidden if left uncovered. Rabbi Nekhemiah permits it.",
|
78 |
+
"A vessel of <i>Terumah</i> that has developed in it a chance that it is impure: Rabbi Eliezer says, if it had been deposited in a neglected place, one should deposit it in a hidden place; and if it was uncovered, one should cover it. Rabbi Yehoshua says, if it had been deposited in a hidden place, one should deposit it in a neglected place; and if it was covered, one should uncover it. Rabban Gamliel says, one should not do anything new to it. ",
|
79 |
+
"A vessel [of <i>Terumah</i>] that was broken in the upper vat [of a wine-press], and the lower vat was impure: Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua agree that if one can save at least a <i>Revi'it</i> [specific unit of volume] of it in purity, one should save it. But if not: Rabbi Eliezer says: let it flow down and become impure [of its own accord], and let him not defile it with his own hands.",
|
80 |
+
"Similarly, a vessel of [<i>Terumah</i>] oil that spilled: Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua agree that if one can save at least a <i>Revi'it</i> of it in purity, one should save it. But if not: Rabbi Eliezer says: let it flow down and be absorbed, and let him not absorb it with his own hands.",
|
81 |
+
"Concerning [both] this case and that case, Rabbi Yehoshua said: This is not [the kind of] <i>Terumah</i> over which I am cautioned from defiling it, but rather from eating it. And \"Do not defile it\" applies in what case? If one was passing from place to place with loaves of <i>Terumah </i> in his hand and a non-Jew said to him: “Give me one of these and I will defile it; for if not, I will defile them all.” Rabbi Eliezer says, let him defile them all, and do not give him one of them to defile. But Rabbi Yehoshua says: he should place before him one of them on a rock.",
|
82 |
+
"Similarly, women who have been told by non-Jews, “Give us one of you that we may defile her; for if not, we will defile you all,” let [the non-Jews] defile them all, and do not hand over to them one soul from Israel."
|
83 |
+
],
|
84 |
+
[
|
85 |
+
"One who plants <i>Terumah</i> [produce consecrated for priestly consumption], if unintentionally, must overturn it. If intentionally, he must allow it to remain. If it had already produced a third [of its full size], whether unintentionally or intentionally, he must allow it to remain. But in the case of flax, [even if planted] intentionally he must overturn it.",
|
86 |
+
"And [<i>Terumah</i> that has been planted is] obligated in <i>Leket</i> [fallen gleanings given to the poor], <i>Shikhecha</i> [forgotten sheaves given to the poor], and <i>Pe'ah</i> [corner of a field that must be given to the poor]. The poor of the Israelites and the poor of the priests may glean them, but the poor of the Israelites must sell theirs to the priests for the price of <i>Terumah</i> and the money is theirs. Rabbi Tarfon says: none may glean except the poor of the priests, lest [Israelite gleaners] forget and put it into their mouths. Rabbi Akiva said to him: if so, then none may glean except the pure.",
|
87 |
+
"And [<i>Terumah</i> that has been planted is] obligated in tithes and the poor man’s tithe. The poor of the Israelites and the poor of the priests may take them, but the poor of the Israelites must sell theirs to the priests for the price of <i>Terumah</i> and the money is theirs. He who beats [the grain with sticks] is praiseworthy. But he who threshes it [with an animal], how should he do it? He should suspend baskets from the neck of the animal and place in them [grain] from the same kind [as that being threshed], with the result that he will neither muzzle the animal nor feed [it] the <i>Terumah</i>.",
|
88 |
+
"The growths of <i>Terumah</i> [seeds] are <i>Terumah</i>, but the growths of their growths are <i>Chulin</i> [non-sacred produce]. But non-tithed produce, and <i>Ma'aser Rishon</i> [first tithe, which must be given to the Levite], and after-growths from the Sabbatical year, and <i>Terumah</i> grown in <i>Chutz La'Aretz</i> [outside the Land of Israel], and mixtures that are <i>meduma</i> [mixture of <i>Chulin</i> (permitted foodstuff) and <i>Terumah</i> that is forbidden to non-Kohanim and <i>Bikurim</i> [first-fruits that must be given to the priest]—their growths are <i>Chulin</i>. The growths of <i>Hekdesh</i> [consecrated donation] and <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem] are <i>Chulin</i>, and one redeems them at the time when they are planted.",
|
89 |
+
"A hundred rows of <i>Terumah</i> [seeds] and one of <i>Chulin</i>, they are all permitted, in [the case of] a kind whose seed disintegrates. But in a kind whose seed does not disintegrate, even if there be a hundred [rows] of <i>Chulin</i> and one of <i>Terumah</i>, they are all prohibited.",
|
90 |
+
"Non-tithed produce, its growths are permissible in a kind whose seed disintegrates. But in a kind whose seed does not disintegrate, [even] the growths of its growths are forbidden. Which is a kind whose seed does not disintegrate? For instance, <i>Luf</i> [plant], garlic, and onions. Rabbi Yehudah says: garlic are like barley.",
|
91 |
+
"One who weeds with a non-Jew in leek-plants, even though its fruits are non-tithed, he may eat from them in a casual fashion. Saplings of <i>Terumah</i> which have become impure, if planted [again], they become pure from their impurity. But they may not be eaten until the edible [parts] have been lopped off [and regrown]. Rabbi Yehudah says: until they have been lopped off and repeated [lopped off a second time]. "
|
92 |
+
],
|
93 |
+
[
|
94 |
+
"An onion [of <i>Terumah</i>, produce consecrated for priestly consumption] that was placed into lentils: if [the onion was] whole, it is permissible; but if cut up, [it is forbidden if it] imparts a flavor. In the case of all other dishes, whether [the onion is] whole or cut up, [it is forbidden if it] imparts a flavor. Rabbi Yehudah permits it in the case of brined fish, because it is used only to remove the unpleasant flavor.",
|
95 |
+
"An apple [of <i>Terumah</i>] that was chopped and placed in dough [of <i>Chulin</i>, non-sacred produce] so that it leavened it, [the dough] is forbidden. Barley [of <i>Terumah</i>] that fell into a cistern of water, though putrefied [by the barley], the waters are permissible.",
|
96 |
+
"One who removes warm bread from an oven and places it on the mouth of a barrel of <i>Terumah</i> wine: Rabbi Meir forbids it. Rabbi Yehudah permits it. Rabbi Yosi permits [if the bread is] of wheat and forbids if of barley, because barley absorbs.",
|
97 |
+
"An oven that was heated with cumin of <i>Terumah</i> and [bread was] baked in it, the bread is permitted, because it retains not the flavor of cumin, but the smell of the cumin.",
|
98 |
+
"Fenugreek that fell into a vat of wine, in [the case of] <i>Terumah</i> or in <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem], if there is in the seed enough to impart a flavor [even] without the stalk, [it is forbidden]. But if it was Sabbatical year produce or <i>Kilayim</i> [forbidden mix of two species] of the vineyard, or <i>Hekdesh</i> [consecrated donation], [it is forbidden] if there is in both seed and stalk enough to impart a flavor.",
|
99 |
+
"Someone who had bunches of fenugreek that are <i>Kilayim</i> of the vineyard, they must be burned. If he had bunches of fenugreek that are non-tithed produce, he must beat them and calculate how much seed there is in them and set aside [<i>Terumah</i>] from the seed, but he need not to set aside from the stalks. But if he did set aside [<i>Terumah</i> from the stalks], he must not say: “I will beat [the seed] and take the stalks and give [only] the seed [as <i>Terumah</i>],” but rather he must give the stalks together with the seed.",
|
100 |
+
"Olives of <i>Chulin</i> that were pickled with olives of <i>Terumah</i>, [whether these were] crushed [olives] of <i>Chulin</i> [pickled together] with crushed [olives] of <i>Terumah</i>, or crushed [olives] of <i>Chulin</i> with whole [olives] of <i>Terumah</i>, or in liquid of <i>Terumah</i>, they are forbidden. But whole [olives] of <i>Chulin</i> pickled with crushed [olives] of <i>Terumah</i>, they are permitted.",
|
101 |
+
"Impure fish that was pickled with pure fish, any jug that can hold two <i>Se'ah</i> [specific unit of volume], if it contains the weight of ten <i>Zuz</i> [specific unit of weight] in [the measure of] Judea, which is five <i>Selah</i> [specific unit of weight] in [the measure of] Galilee, of impure fish, its brine is forbidden. Rabbi Yehudah says: [the ratio is] a <i>Revi'it</i> [specific unit of volume] in two <i>Se'ah</i>. Rabbi Yosi says: one-sixteenth of it.",
|
102 |
+
"Impure locusts that were pickled with pure locusts, they did not make their brine forbidden. Rabbi Tzadok testified regarding the brine of impure locusts, that it is pure.",
|
103 |
+
"All [vegetables] that are pickled together are permitted, except [when pickled] with a leek-plant. A leek-plant of <i>Chulin</i> [pickled] with a leek-plant of <i>Terumah</i>, or [another] vegetable of <i>Chulin</i> with a leek-plant of <i>Terumah</i>, [these are] forbidden. But a leek-plant of <i>Chulin</i> with a vegetable of <i>Terumah</i>, [this is] permitted.",
|
104 |
+
"Rabbi Yosi says: All overcooked vegetables with [<i>Terumah</i>] beets are forbidden, because they impart a flavor. Rabbi Shimon says: cabbage from an artificially irrigated field with [<i>Terumah</i>] cabbage from a rain-watered field is forbidden because it absorbs. Rabbi Akiva says: all [foods] that are cooked together are permitted, except [when cooked] with meat. Rabbi Yochanan ben Nuri says: liver renders other things forbidden, but does not become forbidden, because it gives off [flavor] but does not absorb.",
|
105 |
+
"An egg that is cooked in forbidden spices, even its yolk is forbidden, because it absorbs. The liquid of overcooked vegetables and the liquid of pickled vegetables that are <i>Terumah</i>, [these are] forbidden to non-priests."
|
106 |
+
],
|
107 |
+
[
|
108 |
+
"One may not put a pressed fig cake or dried figs [that are <i>Terumah</i>, produce consecrated for priestly consumption] into fish brine, since it ruins them. But one may place [<i>Terumah</i>] wine into fish brine. One may not spice [<i>Terumah</i>] oil, but one may put honey and pepper into wine. One may not cook <i>Terumah</i> wine, because it decreases it. Rabbi Yehudah permits this, because it improves it.",
|
109 |
+
"[A non-priest who drank] honey of date, wine of apples, vinegar of winter grapes, and all other kinds of fruit juice of <i>Terumah</i>, Rabbi Eliezer makes him liable in [paying their] principal value and the fifth. Rabbi Yehoshua exempts. Rabbi Eliezer declares [these] susceptible to impurity as liquids. Rabbi Yehoshua says: the Sages did not count seven liquids as those that count spices, but rather stated: seven liquids make [things] susceptible to impurity, whereas all other liquids do not make susceptible.",
|
110 |
+
"One must not make dates into honey, apples into wine, winter grapes into vinegar, or change any other kind of fruit from their natural state in [a case where they are] <i>Terumah</i> or <i>Ma'aser Sheni</i> [second tithe, which must be eaten in Jerusalem], except olives and grapes alone. One does not receive forty lashes on account of <i>Orlah</i> [fruits in the first three years after their planting, which may not be eaten], except for that which comes out of olives and out of grapes. One may not bring liquids as <i>Bikurim</i> [first-fruits that must be given to the priest], except for that which comes out of olives and out of grapes. And it [fruit juice] is not susceptible to impurity as liquids, except for that which comes out of olives and out of grapes. And [fruit juice] cannot be offered on the altar, except for that which comes out of olives and out of grapes.",
|
111 |
+
"The stems of fresh figs and dried figs and <i>Kelisim</i> [type of fruit] and carobs of <i>Terumah</i> are forbidden to non-priests.",
|
112 |
+
"Seeds of <i>Terumah</i> [fruit]: When he gathers them in, they are forbidden [to non-priests]. But if he throws them away, they are permitted. Similarly, the bones of holy things: When he gathers them in, they are forbidden. But if he throws them away, they are permitted. Coarse bran is permitted. Bran-flour of <i>Chadash</i> [grain from the current year that one is forbidden to eat] is forbidden, and <i>Yashan</i> [grain from the previous year that one is permitted to eat] is permitted. One may act with regard to <i>Terumah</i> as one does with regard to <i>Chulin</i> [non-sacred produce]. One who sifts a <i>Kav</i> [specific unit of volume] or two [of fine flour] from a <i>Se'ah</i> [specific unit of volume] of wheat, should not ruin the rest, but rather should put it in a hidden place.",
|
113 |
+
"A store-chamber that was cleared of <i>Terumah</i> wheat, one should not require him to be sitting and collecting each and every [grain], but rather he may sweep it in his usual manner and then deposit <i>Chulin</i> in it.",
|
114 |
+
"Similarly, a jar of oil that was spilled, one should not require him to be sitting and scooping it up [with his fingers], but rather he may deal with it as he would in a case of <i>Chulin</i>.",
|
115 |
+
"One who pours from jar to jar and drips three drops, he may place in it <i>Chulin</i>. But if he tilted the jar and gathered [the drops], it is <i>Terumah</i>. How much <i>Terumat Ma'aser</i> [a portion of the tithes that is given to the priest] of <i>Demai</i> [produce from which it is uncertain if tithes were already taken] must there be for him to take it to the priest? One eighth of a <i>Sheminit</i> [specific unit of volume].",
|
116 |
+
"Vetches of <i>Terumah</i>, they may be fed to cattle, to wild beasts or to chickens. An Israelite who hired a cow from a priest, he may feed it vetches of <i>Terumah</i>. But a priest who hired a cow from an Israelite, even though the responsibility of its food is his, he may not feed it vetches of <i>Terumah</i>. An Israelite who undertakes the care of a cow from a priest by [splitting the growth in its] appraised value, he may not feed it vetches of <i>Terumah</i>. But a priest who undertakes the care of a cow from an Israelite by appraised value, he may feed it vetches of <i>Terumah</i>.",
|
117 |
+
"One may burn oil that has to be burnt [because it is contaminated <i>Terumah</i>] in synagogues, houses of study, dark alleys, and for sick people with permission of a priest. The daughter of an Israelite who is married to a priest and regularly goes to her father’s house, her father may burn [such oil] with her permission. One may burn [such oil] in the house of celebration but not in the house of mourning, the words of Rabbi Yehudah. Rabbi Yosi says: in the house of mourning, but not in the house of celebration. Rabbi Meir forbids [both] here and here. Rabbi Shimon permits here and here."
|
118 |
+
]
|
119 |
+
],
|
120 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
121 |
+
"Chapter",
|
122 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
123 |
+
]
|
124 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/English/Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de].json
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1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "en",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Terumot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": null,
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Talmud Bavli. German. Lazarus Goldschmidt. 1929 [de]",
|
6 |
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"status": "locked",
|
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"priority": 0.25,
|
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"license": "Public Domain",
|
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"digitizedBySefaria": true,
|
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"shortVersionTitle": "Lazarus Goldschmidt, 1929 ",
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"actualLanguage": "de",
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"languageFamilyName": "german",
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"direction": "ltr",
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"heTitle": "משנה תרומות",
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"categories": [
|
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"Mishnah",
|
19 |
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"Seder Zeraim"
|
20 |
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],
|
21 |
+
"text": [
|
22 |
+
[
|
23 |
+
"<b>F</b>ÜNF <small>DÜRFEN DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT ABHEBEN, UND HABEN SIE BEREITS ABGEHOBEN, SO IST IHRE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG UNGÜLTIG: DER</small> T<small>AUBE, DER</small> B<small>LÖDE, DER</small> M<small>INDERJÄHRIGE, WER</small> F<small>REMDES ABHEBT, UND WENN EIN</small> F<small>REMDLING DIE</small> H<small>EBE</small> [<small>VON</small> G<small>ETREIDE</small>] <small>EINES</small> J<small>ISRAÉLITEN ABHEBT, SELBST WENN MIT</small> B<small>EVOLLMÄCHTIGUNG, SO IST SEINE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG UNGÜLTIG</small>.",
|
24 |
+
"II. E<small>IN</small> T<small>AUBER, DER SPRICHT UND NICHT HÖRT, DARF NICHT ABHEBEN; HAT ER BEREITS ABGEHOBEN, SO IST SEINE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG GÜLTIG</small>. D<small>ER</small> T<small>AUBE, VON DEM DIE</small> W<small>EISEN ÜBERALL SPRECHEN, IST EINER, DER WEDER HÖRT NOCH SPRICHT</small>.",
|
25 |
+
"III. D<small>IE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG EINES</small> M<small>INDERJÄHRIGEN, DER NOCH KEINE ZWEI</small> H<small>AARE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">An der Scham als Pubertätszeichen.</i> <small>HAT, IST, WIE</small> R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, GÜLTIG</small>; R. J<small>OSE SAGT, WENN ER DAS</small> A<small>LTER ZUM</small> G<small>ELOBEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Num. 30,3ff.; dieses Alter wird bei Knaben mit 13 Jahren und einem Tage, bei Mädchen mit 12 Jahren und einem Tage erreicht.</i> <small>NICHT ERREICHT HAT, SEI SEINE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG UNGÜLTIG, UND WENN ER DAS</small> A<small>LTER ZUM</small> G<small>ELOBEN ERREICHT HAT, SEI SEINE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG GÜLTIG</small>.",
|
26 |
+
"IV. M<small>AN DARF DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT VON</small> O<small>LIVEN FÜR</small> [<small>DIESE UND</small>] Ö<small>L, ODER VON</small> W<small>EINTRAUBEN FÜR</small> [<small>DIESE UND</small>] W<small>EIN ABHEBEN; HAT MAN ABGEHOBEN, SO IST SIE, WIE DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, FÜR DIESE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die Oliven bezw. Weintrauben.</i> <small>ALLEIN DARIN ENTHALTEN; DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SAGT, DIE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG SEI UNGÜLTIG</small>.",
|
27 |
+
"V. M<small>AN DARF NICHT DIE</small> H<small>EBE VON</small> N<small>ACHLESE</small>, V<small>ERGESSENEM</small>, E<small>CKENLASS ODER</small> F<small>REIGUT ABHEBEN; FERNER NICHT VOM ERSTEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN, VON DEM DIE</small> H<small>EBE ABGEHOBEN WURDE, NOCH VOM ZWEITEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN ODER</small> H<small>EILIGENGUT, DIE NICHT AUSGEWEIHT WURDEN, NOCH VON</small> Z<small>EHNTPFLICHTIGEM FÜR DAS</small> Z<small>EHNTFREIE, NOCH VON</small> Z<small>EHNTFREIEM FÜR DAS</small> Z<small>EHNTPFLICHTIGE, NOCH VON</small> [<small>VOM</small> B<small>ODEN</small>] G<small>ELÖSTEM FÜR DAS</small> H<small>AFTENDE, NOCH VON</small> H<small>AFTENDEM FÜR DAS</small> G<small>ELÖSTE, NOCH VON</small> N<small>EUEM FÜR DAS</small> A<small>LTE, NOCH VON</small> A<small>LTEM FÜR DAS</small> N<small>EUE, NOCH VON</small> F<small>RÜCHTEN DES</small> J<small>ISRAÉL</small>[<small>LANDS</small>] <small>FÜR</small> F<small>RÜCHTE DES</small> A<small>USLANDES, NOCH VON</small> F<small>RÜCHTEN DES</small> A<small>USLANDES FÜR</small> F<small>RÜCHTE DES</small> J<small>ISRAÉL</small>[<small>LANDS</small>]; <small>HAT MAN DIE</small> H<small>EBE BEREITS ABGEHOBEN, SO IST DIE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG UNGÜLTIG</small>.",
|
28 |
+
"VI. F<small>ÜNF DÜRFEN DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT ABHEBEN, UND HABEN SIE BEREITS ABGEHOBEN, SO IST DIE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG GÜLTIG: DER</small> S<small>TUMME, DER</small> B<small>ETRUNKENE, DER</small> N<small>ACKTE, DER</small> B<small>LINDE UND DER</small> S<small>AMENERGUSSBEHAFTETE; DIESE ALLE DÜRFEN VON VORNHEREIN DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT ABHEBEN, HABEN SIE ABER BEREITS ABGEHOBEN, SO IST IHRE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG GÜLTIG</small>.",
|
29 |
+
"VII. M<small>AN DARF DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT NACH</small> M<small>ASS</small>, G<small>EWICHT ODER</small> Z<small>AHL AB HEBEN, WOHL ABER DARF MAN SIE VON</small> G<small>EMESSENEM, GEWOGENEM ODER GEZÄHLTEM ABHEBEN</small>. M<small>AN DARF FERNER DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT MIT EINEM</small> K<small>ORBE ODER EINER</small> K<small>IEPE VON BESTIMMTEM</small> M<small>ASSE ABHEBEN, WOHL ABER DARF MAN DIE</small> H<small>ÄLFTE ODER EIN</small> D<small>RITTEL EINES SOLCHEN ABHEBEN</small>. M<small>AN DARF ABER NICHT EINE HALBE</small> S<small>EÁ</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Eines Maßgefäßes von diesem Inhalte.</i> <small>ABHEBEN, WEIL AUCH DIE</small> H<small>ALBE ALS</small> M<small>ASS DIENT</small>.",
|
30 |
+
"VIII. M<small>AN DARF DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT VOM</small> Ö<small>L FÜR GEPRESSTE</small> O<small>LIVEN ODER VOM</small> W<small>EIN FÜR GEKELTERTE</small> W<small>EINBEEREN ABHEBEN; HAT MAN BEREITS ABGEHOBEN, SO IST DIE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG GÜLTIG, JEDOCH HEBE MAN SIE NOCHMALS AB</small>. D<small>IE ERSTE</small> [H<small>EBE</small>] <small>FÜR SICH BEWIRKT</small> B<small>EMISCHUNG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Dem. I Anm. 7.</i> <small>UND MAN MUSS</small> [<small>ZUM</small> E<small>RSATZ</small>] <small>DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL ZAHLEN, NICHT ABER GILT DIES VON DER ZWEITEN</small>.",
|
31 |
+
"IX. M<small>AN DARF DIE</small> H<small>EBE VOM</small> Ö<small>L FÜR EINGELEGTE</small> O<small>LIVEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Weil sie fertig zubereitet sind.</i>, <small>ODER VOM</small> W<small>EIN FÜR</small> R<small>OSINENTRAUBEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Weil sie fertig zubereitet sind.</i> <small>ABHEBEN</small>. W<small>ENN MAN DIE</small> H<small>EBE VON</small> Ö<small>L FÜR</small> E<small>SSOLIVEN, VON</small> O<small>LIVEN FÜR</small> E<small>SSOLIVEN, VOM</small> W<small>EIN FÜR</small> E<small>SSWEINBEEREN ODER VON</small> W<small>EINBEEREN FÜR</small> E<small>SSWEINBEEREN ABGEHOBEN HAT UND SICH ÜBERLEGT, SIE ZU PRESSEN, SO BRAUCHT ER SIE NICHT WIEDERUM ABZUHEBEN</small>.",
|
32 |
+
"X. M<small>AN DARF DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT ABHEBEN VON DEM, WAS FERTIG ZUBEREITET IST, FÜR DAS, WAS NOCH NICHT FERTIG ZUBEREITET IST, ODER VON DEM, WAS NOCH NICHT FERTIG ZUBEREITET IST, FÜR DAS, WAS FERTIG ZUBEREITET IST, ODER VON DEM, WAS NOCH NICHT FERTIG ZUBEREITET IST, FÜR DAS, WAS NOCH NICHT FERTIG ZUBEREITET IST; HAT MAN SIE BEREITS ABGEHOBEN, SO IST SIE GÜLTIG</small>."
|
33 |
+
],
|
34 |
+
[
|
35 |
+
"<b>M</b>AN <small>DARF DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT VOM</small> R<small>EINEN FÜR DAS</small> U<small>NREINE ABHEBEN; HAT MAN SIE BEREITS ABGEHOBEN, SO IST SIE GÜLTIG</small>. T<small>ATSÄCHLICH SAGTEN SIE</small>: W<small>ENN AN EINEM</small> F<small>EIGENKUCHEN ETWAS UNREIN GEWORDEN IST, SO DARF MAN DIE</small> H<small>EBE VOM REINEN</small> T<small>EIL FÜR DEN UNREINEN ABHEBEN; DASSELBE GILT AUCH VON EINEM</small> K<small>RÄUTERBÜNDEL UND EINEM</small> G<small>ETREIDEHAUFEN</small>. S<small>IND ES ZWEI</small> F<small>EIGENKUCHEN, ZWEI</small> B<small>ÜNDEL, ZWEI</small> G<small>ETREIDEHAUFEN, EINES UNREIN UND EINES REIN, SO DARF MAN DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT VON EINEM FÜR DAS ANDERE ABHEBEN</small>; R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, MAN DÜRFE DIE</small> H<small>EBE VOM</small> R<small>EINEN FÜR DAS</small> U<small>NREINE ABHEBEN</small>.",
|
36 |
+
"II. M<small>AN DARF NICHT DIE</small> H<small>EBE VOM</small> U<small>NREINEN FÜR DAS</small> R<small>EINE ABHEBEN; HAT MAN ES VERSEHENTLICH BEREITS ABGEHOBEN, SO IST DIE ABHEBUNG GÜLTIG, WENN ABER VORSÄTZLICH, SO HAT MAN NICHTS GETAN</small>. E<small>BENSO IST, WENN EIN</small> L<small>EVITE VERSEHENTLICH VON UNFERTIGEN</small> Z<small>EHNTFRÜCHTEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Von denen der Levite an den Priester die Zehnthebe noch nicht entrichtet hat.</i> <small>DIE</small> H<small>EBE FÜR ANDERE ABGESONDERT, DIES GÜLTIG, WENN ABER VORSÄTZLICH, SO HAT ER NICHTS GETAN</small>. R. J<small>EHÜDA SAGT, HAT ER ES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Daß die Früchte unrein sind, bezw. von ihnen die Zehnthebe noch nicht entrichtet ist.</i> <small>VORHER GEWUSST, SEI AUCH VERSEHENTLICH SEINE</small> H<small>ANDLUNG UNGÜLTIG</small>.",
|
37 |
+
"III. W<small>ENN JEMAND VERSEHENTLICH</small> G<small>EFÄSSE ZUR</small> R<small>EINIGUNG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">An dem dies verboten ist, da man dadurch das Gefäß zur Benutzung ‘herrichtet’.</i> <small>AM</small> Š<small>ABBATH UNTERTAUCHT, SO DARF ER SIE BENUTZEN; WENN ABER VORSÄTZLICH, SO DARF ER SIE NICHT BENUTZEN</small>. W<small>ENN JEMAND VERSEHENTLICH AM</small> Š<small>ABBBTH</small> [S<small>PEISEN</small>] <small>VERZEHNTET ODER KOCHT, SO DARF ER SIE ESSEN, WENN ABER VORSÄTZLICH, SO DARF ER SIE NICHT ESSEN</small>. W<small>ENN JEMAND AM</small> Š<small>ABBATH VERSEHENTLICH PFLANZT, SO DARF ER DIE</small> P<small>FLANZE STEHEN LASSEN; WENN ABER VORSÄTZLICH, SO REISSE ER SIE AUS</small>. W<small>ENN IM</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRE, SO REISSE ER SIE AUS, EINERLEI OB VERSEHENTLICH ODER VORSÄTZLICH</small>.",
|
38 |
+
"IV. M<small>AN DARF DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT VON EINER</small> A<small>RT FÜR EINE ANDERE</small> A<small>RT ABHEBEN, HAT MAN BEREITS ABGEHOBEN, SO IST DIE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG UNGÜLTIG</small>. A<small>LLE</small> A<small>RTEN</small> W<small>EIZEN WERDEN ALS EINE BETRACHTET; ALLE</small> A<small>RTEN</small> F<small>EIGEN, GETROCKNETE</small> F<small>EIGEN UND GEPRESSTE</small> F<small>EIGEN WERDEN ALS EINE BETRACHTET, UND MAN DARF DAHER DIE</small> H<small>EBE VON DER EINEN FÜR DIE ANDERE ABHEBEN</small>. W<small>O EIN</small> P<small>RIESTER ANWESEND IST, HEBE MAN SIE VOM BESSEREN AB, UND WO KEIN</small> P<small>RIESTER ANWESEND IST, HEBE MAN SIE VOM HALTBAREREN AB</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, MAN HEBE SIE IMMER VOM BESSEREN AB</small>.",
|
39 |
+
"V. M<small>AN HEBE EINE KLEINE GANZE</small> Z<small>WIEBEL AB, NICHT ABER EINE HALBE GROSSE</small> Z<small>WIEBEL</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, NICHT SO, VIELMEHR DIE HALBE GROSSE</small>. D<small>ESGLEICHEN SAGTE</small> R. J<small>EHUDA</small>: M<small>AN HEBE SIE VON</small> S<small>TADTZWIEBELN FÜR</small> D<small>ORFZWIEBELN AB, NICHT ABER VON</small> D<small>ORFZWIEBELN FÜR</small> S<small>TADTZWIEBELN, WEIL DIESE EINE</small> S<small>PEISE DER</small> V<small>ORNEHMEN IST</small>.",
|
40 |
+
"VI. F<small>ERNER DARF MAN DIE</small> H<small>EBE VON</small> Ö<small>LOLIVEN FÜR</small> E<small>INLEGEOLIVEN ABHEBEN, NICHT ABER VON</small> E<small>INLEGEOLIVEN FÜR</small> Ö<small>LOLIVEN; VON UNGEKOCHTEM</small> W<small>EIN FÜR GEKOCHTEN, NICHT ABER VON GEKOCHTEM FÜR UNGEKOCHTEN</small>. D<small>IE</small> R<small>EGEL IST</small>: B<small>EI</small> [F<small>RÜCHTEN</small>], <small>DIE MIT EINANDER</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT SIND, DARF MAN DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT FÜR EINANDER ABHEBEN, AUCH NICHT VOM BESSEREN FÜR DAS SCHLECHTERE; BEI</small> [F<small>RÜCHTEN</small>] <small>ABER, DIE MIT EINANDER KEINE</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT SIND, DARF MAN SIE VOM BESSEREN FÜR DAS SCHLECHTERE ABHEBEN, NICHT ABER VOM SCHLECHTEREN FÜR DAS BESSERE</small>. H<small>AT MAN SIE VOM SCHLECHTEREN FÜR DAS BESSERE ABGESONDERT, SO IST DIE</small> H<small>EBE GÜLTIG, AUSGENOMMEN, WENN VON</small> L<small>OLCH FÜR</small> W<small>EIZEN, DA JENER KEINE</small> S<small>PEISE IST</small>. D<small>IE</small> G<small>URKE UND DIE</small> A<small>PFELMELONE SIND EINE</small> A<small>RT</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, ZWEI</small> A<small>RTEN</small>."
|
41 |
+
],
|
42 |
+
[
|
43 |
+
"<b>W</b>ENN <small>JEMAND EINE</small> G<small>URKE ABHEBT UND SIE SICH ALS BITTER HERAUSSTELLT, ODER EINE</small> M<small>ELONE UND SIE SICH ALS FAUL HERAUSSTELLT, SO IST DIE</small> H<small>EBE GÜLTIG, UND MAN HEBE SIE WIEDERUM AB</small>. W<small>ENN JEMAND EIN</small> F<small>ASS</small> W<small>EIN ABHEBT UND ER SICH ALS</small> E<small>SSIG HERAUSSTELLT, SO IST, WENN MAN WEISS, DASS ER</small> E<small>SSIG WAR, BEVOR MAN IHN ALS</small> H<small>EBE ABGEHOBEN HAT, DIE</small> H<small>EBE UNGÜLTIG, UND WENN ER</small> E<small>SSIG GEWORDEN IST, NACHDEM MAN IHN ABGEHOBEN HAT, DIE</small> H<small>EBE GÜLTIG; IST ES ZWEIFELHAFT, SO IST DIE</small> H<small>EBE GÜLTIG, UND MAN HEBE SIE WIEDERUM AB</small>. D<small>IE ERSTEHE FÜR SICH BEWIRKT KEINE BEMISCHUNG, UND MAN ZAHLT NICHT</small> [<small>ZUM</small> E<small>RSATZ</small>] <small>DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL; EBENSO DIE ANDERE</small>.",
|
44 |
+
"II. K<small>OMMT EINE VON DIESEN IN</small> P<small>ROFANES, SO BEWIRKT SIE KEINE</small> B<small>EMISCHUNG, KOMMT DIE ANDERE WO ANDERS HINEIN, SO BEWIRKT AUCH SIE KEINE</small> B<small>EMISCHUNG, KOMMEN ABER BEIDE IN EINE</small> S<small>TELLE, SO WIRD EINE</small> B<small>EMISCHUNG NACH</small> V<small>ERHÄLTNIS DER KLEINEREN BEWIRKT</small>.",
|
45 |
+
"III. W<small>ENN</small> T<small>EILHABER EINER NACH DEM ANDEREN DIE</small> H<small>EBE ABGEHOBEN HABEN, SO IST, WIE</small> R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGT, BEIDER</small> H<small>EBE GÜLTIG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Zur Hälfte.</i>, <small>UND WIE DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, NUR DIE DES ERSTEN</small>. R. J<small>OSE SAGT, HAT DER ERSTE DAS ERFORDERLICHE</small> Q<small>UANTUM ABGEHOBEN, SO IST DIE</small> H<small>EBE DES ANDEREN UNGÜLTIG, HAT DER ERSTE NICHT DAS ERFORDERLICHE</small> Q<small>UANTUM ABGEHOBEN, SO IST AUCH DIE</small> H<small>EBE DES ANDEREN GÜLTIG</small>.",
|
46 |
+
"IV. D<small>IES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Bezieht sich auf die Worte RA͑.s in der vorigen Mišna.</i> <small>GILT NUR IN DEM</small> F<small>ALLE, WENN</small> [<small>DER ANDERE</small> T<small>EILHABER</small>] <small>NICHTS ANGEORDNET HAT, WENN ER ABER AUCH NUR EINEN</small> F<small>AMILIENANGEHÖRIGEN ODER EINEN</small> S<small>KLAVEN SOWIE EINE</small> M<small>AGD ZUR</small> A<small>BHEBUNG BEVOLLMÄCHTIGT HAT, SO IST</small> [<small>NUR DIE ERSTE</small>] H<small>EBE GÜLTIG</small>. H<small>AT ER ES WIDERRUFEN, BEVOR DIE</small> H<small>EBE ABGEHOBEN WURDE, SO IST DIE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG UNGÜLTIG, WENN NACHDEM SIE ABGEHOBEN WURDE, SO IST SIE GÜLTIG</small>. T<small>AGELÖHNER SIND ZUR</small> A<small>BHEBUNG NICHT BEFUGT, AUSGENOMMEN</small> K<small>ELTERER, WEIL JENE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die nicht zu den ‘Genossen’ gehörenden Eigentümer.</i> <small>DIE</small> K<small>ELTER SOFORT UNREIN MACHEN WÜRDEN</small>.",
|
47 |
+
"V. W<small>ENN JEMAND SAGT</small>: ‘<small>DIE</small> H<small>EBE DIESES</small> H<small>AUFENS SEI DARIN ENTHALTEN</small>’, <small>ODER</small>: ‘<small>DIE</small> Z<small>EHNTE DESSELBEN SEIEN DARIN ENTHALTEN’, ODER: ‘DIE</small> Z<small>EHNTHEBE DESSELBEN SEI DARIN ENTHALTEN’, SO HAT ER, WIE</small> R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGT, EINEN</small> N<small>AMEN GENANNT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Der Zehnt muß nur von diesem Haufen abgesondert werden.</i>; <small>DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, NUR WENN ER GESAGT HAT: ‘NÖRDLICH’, ODER ‘SÜDLICH’</small>. R. E<small>LEA͑ZAR</small> Ḥ<small>ISMA SAGT, AUCH WENN ER NUR GESAGT: ‘DIE</small> H<small>EBE DIESES</small> H<small>AUFENS SEI VON DIESEM FÜR DIESEN’, SO HABE ER EINEN</small> N<small>AMEN GENANNT</small>. R. E<small>LIE͑ZER B</small>. J<small>A͑QOB SAGT, SAGTE JEMAND ‘EIN</small> Z<small>EHNTEL DIESES</small> Z<small>EHNTEN SEI</small> Z<small>EHNTHEBE’, SO HABE ER EINEN</small> N<small>AMEN GENANNT</small>.",
|
48 |
+
"VI. W<small>ENN JEMAND DIE</small> H<small>EBE FRÜHER ALS DIE</small> E<small>RSTLINGE, DEN ERSTEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN FRÜHER ALS DIE</small> H<small>EBE, ODER DEN ZWEITEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN FRÜHER ALS DEN ERSTEN ABHEBT, SO IST, OBGLEICH ER EIN</small> V<small>ERBOT ÜBERTRETEN HAT, WAS ER GETAN, GÜLTIG, DENN ES HEISST</small>:<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ex. 22,28.</i><i>deine Vollfrucht und deine Kelterabgaben sollst du nicht verspäten</i><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nicht später entrichten, was früher erfolgen soll.</i>.",
|
49 |
+
"VII. W<small>OHER, DASS DIE</small> E<small>RSTLINGE VOR DER</small> H<small>EBE ZU ENTRICHTEN SIND, WO DOCH DIESE</small> ‘H<small>EBE’ UND</small> ‘E<small>RSTLING</small>’ <small>GENANNT WIRD, UND JENE</small> ‘H<small>EBE</small>’ <small>UND</small> ‘E<small>RSTLING</small>’ <small>GENANNT WERDEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">In der Schrift.</i>? F<small>REILICH, DIE</small> E<small>RSTLINGE GEHEN VORAN, WEIL SIE VON ALLEM DIE ERSTEN SIND, DIE</small> H<small>EBE GEHT DEM ERSTEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN VORAN, WEIL SIE AUCH</small> ‘E<small>RSTLING</small>’ <small>GENANNT WIRD, UND DER ERSTE</small> Z<small>EHNT GEHT DEM ZWEITEN VORAN, WEIL DARIN DAS</small> E<small>RSTE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die Zehnthebe.</i> <small>ENTHALTEN IST</small>.",
|
50 |
+
"VIII. W<small>ENN JEMAND IN DER</small> A<small>BSICHT</small>, ‘H<small>EBE</small>’ <small>AUSZUSPRECHEN</small>, ‘Z<small>EHNT</small>’ <small>AUSSPRICHT, ODER</small> ‘H<small>EBE</small>’ <small>STATT</small> ‘Z<small>EHNT</small>’ <small>AUSSPRICHT, ODER</small> ‘H<small>EILSOPFER</small>’ <small>STATT</small> ‘B<small>RANDOPFER</small>’ <small>AUSSPRICHT, ODER</small> ‘B<small>RANDOPFER</small>’ <small>STATT</small> ‘H<small>EILSOPFER</small>’ <small>AUSSPRICHT, EBENSO, WENN JEMAND SAGEN WILL</small>, ‘<small>DASS ICH IN DIESES</small> H<small>AUS NICHT EINTRETEN WERDE</small>’, <small>UND JENES NENNT, ‘DASS ICH VON DIESEM NICHTS GENIESSEN WERDE’ UND JENEN NENNT, SO HAT ER NICHTS GESAGT; NUR WENN</small> M<small>UND UND</small> H<small>ERZ ÜBEREINSTIMMEND SIND</small>.",
|
51 |
+
"IX. D<small>IE</small> H<small>EBE EINES</small> F<small>REMDLINGS ODER EINES</small> S<small>AMARITANERS GILT ALS</small> H<small>EBE, EBENSO GELTEN IHRE</small> Z<small>EHNTE ALS</small> Z<small>EHNT UND IHRE DEM</small> H<small>EILIGTUM GEWEIHTEN</small> G<small>EGENSTÄNDE ALS</small> H<small>EILIGENGUT</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, BEI EINEM</small> N<small>ICHTJUDEN GELTE NICHT DAS</small> G<small>ESETZ VOM VIERJÄHRIGEN</small> W<small>EINBERGE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Lev. 19,24.</i>, <small>DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, ES GELTE WOHL</small>. D<small>IE</small> H<small>EBE EINES</small> N<small>ICHTJUDEN BEWIRKT</small> B<small>EMISCHUNG UND MAN MUSS</small> [<small>BEIM</small> E<small>RSATZ</small>] <small>DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL ZAHLEN</small>; R. Š<small>IMO͑N BEFREIT DAVON</small>."
|
52 |
+
],
|
53 |
+
[
|
54 |
+
"<b>W</b>ENN <small>JEMAND</small> [<small>VON EINEM</small> G<small>ETREIDEHAUFEN</small>] <small>EINEN</small> T<small>EIL DER</small> H<small>EBE ODER DER</small> Z<small>EHNTE ABGESONDERT HAT, SO DARF ER VON DIESEM DEN</small> R<small>EST ABSONDERN FÜR DIESEN, NICHT FÜR EINEN ANDEREN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Getreidehaufen, weil dieser zum Teil zehntfrei ist.</i>; R. M<small>EÍR SAGT, ER DÜRFE DIE</small> H<small>EBE UND DIE</small> Z<small>EHNTE AUCH FÜR EINEN ANDEREN ABSONDERN</small>.",
|
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+
"II. W<small>ENN JEMAND SEINE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE IM</small> F<small>ASSE HAT UND EINE</small> S<small>EÁ EINEM</small> L<small>EVITEN UND EINE</small> S<small>EÁ EINEM</small> A<small>RMEN GIBT, SO DARF ER NOCH ACHT</small> S<small>EÁ ABSONDERN UND ESSEN — SO</small> R. M<small>EÍR</small>; DIE W<small>EISEN SAGEN, ER DÜRFE FÜR SICH NUR NACH</small> V<small>ERHÄLTNIS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dessen, was sich noch beim Leviten bezw. Armen befindet. Dies die einfachste der mannigfachen Erklärungen dieser dunkelen Stelle.</i> <small>ABSONDERN</small>.",
|
56 |
+
"III. F<small>OLGENDES IST DAS</small> M<small>ASS FÜR DIE</small> H<small>EBE: WOHLWOLLEND EIN</small> V<small>IERZIGSTEL, DIE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS SAGT, EIN</small> D<small>REISSIGSTEL; MITTELMÄSSIG EIN</small> F<small>ÜNFZIGSTEL, GEIZIG EIN</small> S<small>ECHZIGSTEL</small>. W<small>ENN MAN ABGEHOBEN UND IHM EIN</small> S<small>ECHZIGSTEL IN DIE</small> H<small>AND GEKOMMEN IST, SO IST DIE</small> H<small>EBE GÜLTIG, UND MAN BRAUCHT SIE NICHT WIEDERUM ABZUHEBEN; FÜGT MAN ETWAS HINZU, SO MUSS DIES VERZEHNTET WERDEN</small>. I<small>ST IHM EIN</small> E<small>LNUNDSECHZIGSTEL IN DIE</small> H<small>AND GEKOMMEN, SO IST DIE</small> H<small>EBE GÜLTIG, JEDOCH HEBE ER WIEDERUM AB, BIS ZU DEM</small> Q<small>UANTUM, WIE ES SONST SEINE</small> G<small>EPFLOGENHEIT ABZUHEBEN IST</small>; [L<small>ETZTERES</small>] <small>AUCH NACH</small> M<small>ASS</small>, G<small>EWICHT ODER</small> Z<small>AHL</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, ES BRAUCHE AUCH NICHT VOM</small> Z<small>USAMMENLIEGENDEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Vom selben Getreidehaufen.</i> <small>ZU SEIN</small>.",
|
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"IV. W<small>ENN JEMAND ZU SEINEM</small> V<small>ERTRETER SAGT, DASS ER GEHE UND FÜR IHN DIE</small> H<small>EBE ABHEBE, SO HEBE ER SIE NACH DEM</small> W<small>UNSCHE DES</small> E<small>IGENTÜMERS AB, UND WENN ER DEN</small> W<small>UNSCH DES</small> E<small>IGENTÜMERS NICHT KENNT, SO HEBE ER MITTELMÄSSIG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">So nach den Kommentaren; eigentlich Tautologie. Besser: von der mittelmäßigen Qualität.</i> AB, EIN F<small>ÜNFZIGSTEL; HAT ER SIE UM ZEHN VERMINDERT ODER UM ZEHN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dh. die Einheiten des Bruchnenners um 10 vermehrt oder vermindert.</i> <small>VERMEHRT, SO IST SEINE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG GÜLTIG; HAT ER ABER ABSICHTLICH VERMEHRT, SELBST NUR UM EINES, SO IST SEINE</small> A<small>BHEBUNG UNGÜLTIG</small>.",
|
58 |
+
"V. W<small>ENN JEMAND MEHR</small> H<small>EBE</small> [<small>ENTRICHTEN</small>] <small>WILL, SO DARF ER, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, BIS ZU EINEM</small> Z<small>EHNTEL, GLEICH DER</small> Z<small>EHNTHEBE; WENN ABER MEHR, SO ERACHTE ER ES ALS</small> Z<small>EHNTHEBE, JEDOCH NICHT FÜR EINEN ANDEREN</small> H<small>AUFEN</small>. R. J<small>IŠMA͑ÉL SAGT, SOGAR DIE</small> H<small>ÄLFTE</small> P<small>ROFANES UND DIE</small> H<small>ÄLFTE</small> H<small>EBE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Man darf auch die Hälfte als Hebe entrichten.</i>. R. T<small>RYPHON UND</small> R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGEN, MAN BRAUCHE NUR ETWAS</small> P<small>ROFANES ZURÜCKZULASSEN</small>.",
|
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+
"VI. A<small>N DREI</small> Z<small>EITEN MUSTERE MAN DEN</small> K<small>ORB</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Zum Messen des Zehnten.</i>: [<small>ZUR</small> Z<small>EIT</small>] <small>DER</small> E<small>RSTLINGE, DER</small> S<small>PÄTLINGE UND IN DER</small> M<small>ITTE DES</small> S<small>OMMERS</small>. D<small>AS</small> Z<small>ÄHLEN IST LOBENSWERTER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Als die Schätzung. Die Mišna I,7 bezieht sich nur auf die große Hebe, während hier vom Zehnten und von der Zehnthebe gesprochen wird.</i>, <small>NOCH LOBENSWERTER DAS</small> M<small>ESSEN, UND LOBENSWERTER ALS JENE DREI IST DAS</small> W<small>IEGEN</small>.",
|
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+
"VII. R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, DIE</small> H<small>EBE GEHE UNTER HUNDERTUNDEINEM</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn ein Maß Hebe in 100 Profanes gekommen ist, verliert es sich, und nachdem man ein Maß dem Priester gegeben, ist das übrige Laien erlaubt.</i> <small>AUF</small>; R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, UNTER HUNDERT UND ETWAS, UND DIESES</small> E<small>TWAS HAT KEIN</small> M<small>ASS</small>. R. J<small>OSE B</small>. M<small>EŠULLAM SAGT, DIESES ETWAS MÜSSE BEI HUNDERT</small> S<small>EÄ EINEN</small> K<small>AB BETRAGEN: EIN</small> S<small>ECHSTEL DER BEIGEMISCHTEN</small> H<small>EBE</small>.",
|
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+
"VIII. R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGTE</small>: U<small>NTER SCHWARZEN</small> F<small>EIGEN GEHEN WEISSE AUF, UNTER WEISSEN GEHEN SCHWARZE AUF; UNTER GROSSEN</small> F<small>EIGENKUCHEN GEHEN KLEINE AUF, UNTER KLEINEN GEHEN GROSSE AUF, UNTER RUNDEN GEHEN VIERECKIGE AUF, UNTER VIERECKIGEN GEHEN RUNDE AUF</small>. R. E<small>LIE͑ZER VERBIETET DIES</small>. R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGT, WEISS MAN, WAS FÜR EINE</small> [H<small>EBEFEIGE</small>] <small>HINEINGEKOMMEN IST, SO GEHEN SIE UNTER EINANDER NICHT AUF, WEISS MAN NICHT, WAS FÜR EINE HINEINGEKOMMEN IST, SO GEHEN SIE UNTER EINANDER AUF</small>.",
|
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+
"IX. Z<small>UM</small> B<small>EISPIEL</small>: W<small>ENN UNTER FÜNFZIG SCHWARZE UND FÜNFZIG WEISSE</small> F<small>EIGEN EINE SCHWARZE GEKOMMEN IST, SO SIND DIE</small> S<small>CHWARZEN VERBOTEN UND DIE WEISSEN ERLAUBT; IST EINE WEISSE HINEINGEKOMMEN, SO SIND DIE WEISSEN VERBOTEN UND DIE SCHWARZEN ERLAUBT; WEISS MAN ABER NICHT, WAS FÜR EINE HINEINGEKOMMEN IST, SO GEHEN SIE UNTER EINANDER AUF</small>. H<small>IERBEI IST</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER ERSCHWEREND UND</small> R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ ERLEICHTERND</small>.",
|
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"X. B<small>EI</small> F<small>OLGENDEM ABER IST</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER ERLEICHTERND UND</small> R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ ERSCHWEREND</small>. W<small>ENN JEMAND EINE</small> L<small>ITRA</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><i>Λίτϱα</i>, im T. nur als Gewichtsmaß gebraucht.</i><small>GEPRESSTER</small> [H<small>EBE</small>]<small>FEIGEN ÜBER DER</small> M<small>ÜNDUNG EINES</small> G<small>EFÄSSES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">11</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Mit 100 L. prof. Feigen, und noch andere mit Feigen gefüllte Gefäße vorhanden sind.</i><small>PRESST UND MAN NICHT WEISS, WELCHES, SO WERDEN SIE, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, ALS EINZELNE BETRACHTET, UND DIE OBEREN GEHEN IN DEN UNTEREN AUF</small>; R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, SIE GEHEN NICHT AUF, ES SEI DENN, DASS ES HUNDERT SOLCHER GEFASSE SIND</small>.",
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+
"XI. W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ</small> H<small>EBE IN EINEN</small> T<small>ASS GEKOMMEN IST, UND MAN SIE AB GENOMMEN HAT, SO GEHT SIE, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, FALLS IM</small> H<small>AUFEN HUN DERT</small> S<small>EÁ VORHANDEN SIND, IN HUNDERTUNDEINEM AUF</small>; R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, SIE GEHE NICHT AUF</small>. W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ</small> H<small>EBE IN EINEN</small> T<small>ASS KOMMT, SO HEBE MAN SIE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">12</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Und etwas von dem, was sich unmittelbar darunter befindet, damit nichts zurückbleibe.</i><small>AB</small>. W<small>IESO SAGTEN SIE, WENN DEM SO IST, DASS</small> H<small>EBE IN HUNDERTUNDEINEM AUFGEHE</small>? W<small>ENN MAN NICHT WEISS, OB SIE SICH NICHT VERMENGT HAT, ODER AUF WELCHE STELLE SIE GEKOMMEN IST</small>.",
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+
"XII. W<small>ENN IN EINEN VON ZWEI</small> G<small>ETREIDEHAUFEN ODER VON ZWEI</small> T<small>ASSEN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ</small> H<small>EBE GEFALLEN IST, UND MAN NICHT WEISS, IN WELCHEN, SO GEHEN SIE UNTEREINANDER AUF</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGT, SELBST WENN SIE SICH IN ZWEI VERSCHIEDENEN</small> S<small>TÄDTEN BEFINDEN, GEHEN SIE UNTEREINANDER AUF</small>.",
|
66 |
+
"XIII. R. J<small>OSE ERZÄHLTE</small>: E<small>INST KAM VOR</small> R. A͑<small>QIBA EIN</small> F<small>ALL, DASS UNTER FÜNFZIG</small> B<small>ÜNDEL</small> K<small>RÄUTER EINES FIEL, DAS ZUR</small> H<small>ÄLFTE</small> H<small>EBE WAR</small>. D<small>A ENTSCHIED ICH IN SEINER</small> G<small>EGENWART, DASS DIESE AUFGEHE; UND ZWAR NICHT DESHALB, WEIL</small> H<small>EBE UNTER EINUNDFÜNFZIG AUFGEHT, SONDERN WEIL ES HUNDERTUNDZWEI</small> H<small>ALBE WAREN</small>."
|
67 |
+
],
|
68 |
+
[
|
69 |
+
"<b>W</b>ENN <small>EINE</small> S<small>EÁ UNREINER</small> H<small>EBE IN WENIGER ALS HUNDERT</small> S<small>EÁ</small> P<small>ROFANES ODER ERSTEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN, ZWEITEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN</small>, H<small>EILIGENGUT, OB UNREIN ODER REIN, GEKOMMEN IST, SO LASSE MAN ALLES VERFAULEN; WAR DIE</small> S<small>EÁ REIN, SO VERKAUFE MAN ALLES ABZÜGLICH DIESER</small> S<small>EÁ EINEM</small> P<small>RIESTER ZUM</small> P<small>REISE VON</small> H<small>EBE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Diese ist billiger als Profanes, da nur Priester sie essen dürfen.</i>. I<small>ST SIE IN ERSTEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN GEKOMMEN, SO BESTIMME MAN IHN ALS</small> Z<small>EHNTHEBE</small>. I<small>ST SIE IN ZWEITEN ZEHNTEN ODER</small> H<small>EILIGENGUT GEKOMMEN, SO LÖSE MAN ALLES AUS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Und verkaufe es außerdem einem Priester.</i>. W<small>AR DAS</small> P<small>ROFANE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">In das die Hebe gekommen ist.</i> <small>UNREIN, SO DARF MAN ES NUR GETROCKNET, GERÖSTET ODER MIT</small> F<small>RUCHTSAFT GEKNETET</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Damit die Hebe keine Unreinheit annehme.</i> <small>ESSEN, ODER MAN VERTEILE ES UNTER ANDERE</small> T<small>EIGE, DAMIT NICHT EIN</small> E<small>IGROSSES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Ein kleineres Quantum ist nicht verunreinigungsfähig.</i><small>AN EINER</small> S<small>TELLE BEISAMMEN BLEIBE</small>.",
|
70 |
+
"II. W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ UNREINER</small> H<small>EBE IN HUNDERT</small> S<small>EÁ REINES</small> P<small>ROFANES</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Das noch nicht befeuchtet worden ist und somit die Unreinheit nicht annimmt.</i><small>GEKOMMEN IST, SO IST ES, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, ABZUHEBEN UND ZU VERBRENNEN, DENN ICH NEHME AN, DIE</small> S<small>EÁ, DIE HINEINGEKOMMEN, IST DIE, DIE HERAUSGEHOLT WURDE; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, SIE GEHE AUF UND MAN ESSE ES GETROCKNET, GERÖSTET ODER MIT</small> F<small>RUCHTSAFT GEKNETET, ODER MAN VERTEILE ES UNTER ANDERE</small> T<small>EIGE, DAMIT NICHT EIN</small> E<small>IGROSSES AN EINER</small> S<small>TELLE BEISAMMEN BLEIBE</small>.",
|
71 |
+
"III. W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ REINER</small> H<small>EBE IN HUNDERT</small> S<small>EÁ UNREINES</small> P<small>ROFANES GEKOMMEN IST, SO GEHT SIE AUF, UND MAN ESSE ES GETROCKNET, GERÖSTET ODER MIT</small> F<small>RUCHTSAFT GEKNETET, ODER MAN VERTEILE SIE UNTER ANDERE</small> T<small>EIGE, DAMIT NICHT AN EINER</small> S<small>TELLE EIN</small> E<small>IGROSSES BEISAMMEN BLEIBE</small>.",
|
72 |
+
"IV. W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ UNREINER</small> H<small>EBE IN HUNDERT</small> S<small>EÁ REINER</small> H<small>EBE GE KOMMEN IST, SO IST ALLES NACH DER</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS VERBOTEN, UND NACH DER</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS, ERLAUBT</small>. D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> H<small>ILLELS SPRACH ZUR</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS</small>: R<small>EINE</small> [H<small>EBE</small>] <small>IST</small> L<small>AIEN VERBOTEN UND UNREINE IST</small> P<small>RIESTERN VERBOTEN, SOMIT SOLLTE DOCH, WIE DIE REINE AUFGEHT, AUCH DIE UNREINE AUFGEHEN</small>. D<small>IE</small> S<small>CHULE</small> Š<small>AMMAJS ERWIDERTE</small>: N<small>EIN, SOLLTE DENN, WENN DAS LEICHTERE</small> P<small>ROFANE, DAS</small> L<small>AIEN ERLAUBT IST, DIE REINE AUFGEHEN MACHT, AUCH DIE STRENGERE</small> H<small>EBE, DIE DEN</small> L<small>AIEN VERBOTEN IST, DIE UNREINE AUFGEHEN MACHEN</small>!? N<small>ACHDEM DIESE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die Schule Šammajs, daß diese ihre Schlußfolgerung nicht stichhaltig ist.</i> <small>ES ZUGEGEBEN HAT, SAGTE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER, MAN HEBE SIE AB UND VERBRENNE SIE; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN ABER SAGEN, SIE VERLIERE SICH DURCH IHRE</small> M<small>INDERHALTIGKEIT</small>.",
|
73 |
+
"V. W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ</small> H<small>EBE, DIE UNTER HUNDERT</small> S<small>EÁ</small> P<small>ROFANES GEKOMMEN WAR UND ABGEHOBEN WURDE, IN ANDERE</small> [F<small>RÜCHTE</small>] <small>GEKOMMEN IST, SO BEWIRKT SIE, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT</small>, B<small>EMISCHUNG WIE ANDERE</small> H<small>EBE, UND WIE DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, NUR NACH</small> V<small>ERHÄLTNIS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Diese Seá hat nur ein Hundertstel Hebe.</i>.",
|
74 |
+
"VI. W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ</small> H<small>EBE IN WENIGER ALS HUNDERT</small> [P<small>ROFANES</small>] <small>GEKOM MEN IST UND ES BEMISGHT HAT, UND VOM</small> B<small>EMISCHTEN WIEDER IN ANDERE</small> [F<small>RÜCHTE</small>] <small>GEKOMMEN IST, SO BEWIRKT DIESES, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT</small>, B<small>EMISCHUNG WIE ECHTE</small> H<small>EBE; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN ABER SAGEN, DAS</small> B<small>EMISCHTE BEWIRKE</small> B<small>EMISCHUNG NUR NACH</small> V<small>ERHÄLTNIS, DAS</small> G<small>ESÄUERTE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Das durch Sauerteig von Hebe gesäuert wurde und anderen Teig gesäuert hat.</i> <small>BEWIRKE</small> S<small>ÄUERUNG NUR NACH</small> V<small>ERHÄLTNIS, UND DAS GESCHÖPFTE</small> W<small>ASSER MACHT DAS</small> R<small>EINIGUNGSBAD UNBRAUCHBAR NUR NACH</small> V<small>ERHÄLTNIS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\">3 Log geschöpftes Wasser in 1-3 Gefäßen machen das Reinigungsbad rituell unbrauchbar, nicht aber bewirken dies 3 Log in 4 Gefäßen.</i>.",
|
75 |
+
"VII. W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ</small> H<small>EBE IN HUNDERT</small> [P<small>ROFANES</small>] <small>GEKOMMEN IST, UND NACHDEM MAN DIESE ABGEHOBEN HAT, EINE ANDERE HINEINGEKOMMEN IST, UND NACHDEM MAN AUCH DIESE ABGEHOBEN HAT, WIEDER EINE ANDERE HINEINGEKOMMEN IST, SO IST ES ERLAUBT, BIS DIE</small> H<small>EBE MEHR IST ALS DAS</small> P<small>ROFANE</small>.",
|
76 |
+
"VIII. W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ</small> H<small>EBE IN HUNDERT</small> [P<small>ROFANES</small>] <small>GEKOMMEN IST, UND BEVOR MAN SIE ABGEHOBEN, EINE ZWEITE HINEINGEKOMMEN IST, SO IST ES VERBOTEN</small>; R. Š<small>IMO͑N ERLAUBT ES</small>.",
|
77 |
+
"IX. W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ</small> H<small>EBE IN HUNDERT</small> [P<small>ROFANES</small>] <small>GEKOMMEN IST UND MAN SIE GEMAHLEN HAT, WODURCH SIE WENIGER GEWORDEN SIND, SO IST ES ERLAUBT, DA DIE</small> H<small>EBE EBENSO WENIGER GEWORDEN IST, WIE DAS</small> P<small>ROFANE WENIGER GEWORDEN IST</small>. W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ</small> H<small>EBE IN WENIGER ALS HUNDERT</small> [P<small>ROFANES</small>] <small>GEKOMMEN IST, UND MAN SIE GEMAHLEN HAT, WODURCH SIE MEHR GEWORDEN SIND, SO IST ES VERBOTEN, DA DIE</small> H<small>EBE EBENSO MEHR GEWORDEN IST, WIE DAS</small> P<small>ROFANE MEHR GEWORDEN IST; WENN MAN ABER WEISS, DASS DER PROFANE</small> W<small>EIZEN ERGIEBIGER WAR ALS DER DER</small> H<small>EBE, SO IST ES ERLAUBT</small>. W<small>ENN EINE</small> S<small>EÁ</small> H<small>EBE IN WENIGER ALS HUNDERT</small> [P<small>ROFANES</small>] <small>GEKOMMEN IST, NACHHER ABER</small> P<small>ROFANES NOCH HINZUGEKOMMEN IST, SO IST ES, WENN ABSICHTSLOS, ERLAUBT, UND WENN ABSICHTLICH, VERBOTEN</small>."
|
78 |
+
],
|
79 |
+
[
|
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+
"<b>W</b>ER <small>VERSEHENTLICH</small> H<small>EBE GEGESSEN HAT, MUSS DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT UND EIN</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL BEZAHLEN; EINERLEI, OB MAN SIE ISST, TRINKT ODER SICH DAMIT SCHMIERT, OB REINE</small> H<small>EBE ODER UNREINE, BEZAHLE MAN STETS DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL UND EIN</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL DES</small> F<small>ÜNFTELS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn man das Fünftel gegessen.</i>. M<small>AN DARF NICHT MIT</small> H<small>EBE BEZAHLEN, SONDERN MIT FERTIG ZUBEREITETEM</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Von dem der Zehnt entrichtet worden ist.</i> P<small>ROFANEN; DIESES WIRD EBENFALLS</small> H<small>EBE, UND EBENSO WIRD JEDER WEITERE</small> E<small>RSATZ</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn man den Ersatz gegessen.</i> H<small>EBE</small>. D<small>ER</small> P<small>RIESTER KANN, WENN ER ES AUCH WILL, DARAUF NICHT VERZICHTEN</small>.",
|
81 |
+
"II. W<small>ENN EINE</small> J<small>ISRAÉLITIN</small> H<small>EBE GEGESSEN UND SICH DARAUF MIT EINEM</small> P<small>RIESTER VERHEIRATET HAT, SO BEZAHLE SIE, FALLS SIE</small> H<small>EBE GEGESSEN, DIE EIN</small> P<small>RIESTER NOCH NICHT ERWORBEN HATTE, DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT UND DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL AN SICH SELBER, UND WENN</small> H<small>EBE, DIE EIN</small> P<small>RIESTER BEREITS ERWORBEN HATTE, DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT AN DEN</small> E<small>IGENTÜMER UND DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL AN SICH SELBER</small>. S<small>IE SAGTEN NÄMLICH, WER VERSEHENTLICH</small> H<small>EBE GEGESSEN HAT, BEZAHLE DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT AN DEN</small> E<small>IGENTÜMER, DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL ABER, WEM ER WILL</small>.",
|
82 |
+
"III. W<small>ENN JEMAND SEINEN</small> A<small>RBEITERN ODER</small> G<small>ÄSTEN</small> H<small>EBE ZU ESSEN GEGEBEN HAT, SO BEZAHLE ER DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT UND DIESE DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL — SO</small> R. M<small>EÍR; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, DIESE BEZAHLEN DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT UND DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL, UND ER ERSETZE IHNEN DEN</small> W<small>ERT IHRER</small> M<small>AHLZEIT</small>.",
|
83 |
+
"IV. W<small>ER</small> H<small>EBE GESTOHLEN UND NICHT GEGESSEN HAT, BEZAHLE DAS</small> D<small>OP PELTE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Cf. Ex. 22,3.</i><small>IM</small> W<small>ERTE VON</small> H<small>EBE, HAT ER SIE GEGESSEN, SO BEZAHLE ER ZWEIMAL DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT UND EIN</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL</small>: <small>EINMAL DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT UND DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL AUS</small> P<small>ROFANEM, UND EINMAL DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT IM</small> W<small>ERTE VON</small> H<small>EBE</small>. W<small>ER</small> H<small>EBE, DIE DEM</small> H<small>EILIGTUM GEWEIHT WAR, GESTOHLEN UND GEGESSEN HAT, BEZAHLE ZWEIMAL DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL UND EINMAL DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT, DA ES BEIM</small> H<small>EILIGENGUTE KEINEN</small> D<small>OPPELERSATZ GIBT</small>.",
|
84 |
+
"V. M<small>AN ZAHLE NICHT DEN</small> E<small>RSATZ MIT</small> N<small>ACHLESE, MIT</small> V<small>ERGESSENEM, MIT</small> E<small>CKENLASS, MIT</small> F<small>REIGUT, MIT ERSTEM</small> Z<small>EHNTEN, VON DEM DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT ABGESONDERT WURDE, MIT ZWEITEM</small> Z<small>EHNTEN UND</small> H<small>EILIGENGUT, DIE (NICHT) AUSGELÖST WURDEN, DA</small> H<small>EILIGES NICHT</small> H<small>EILIGES AUSLÖSEN KANN — SO</small> R. M<small>EÍR; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN ERLAUBEN ES MIT DIESEN</small>.",
|
85 |
+
"VI. R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, MAN DÜRFE MIT EINER</small> A<small>RT FÜR EINE ANDERE</small> A<small>RT BEZAHLEN, NUR MUSS MAN MIT BESSEREM FÜR DAS SCHLECHTERE BEZAHLEN</small>; R. A͑<small>QIBA SAGT, MAN DÜRFE NUR MIT DERSELBEN</small> A<small>RT BEZAHLEN</small>. D<small>AHER WARTE, WER</small> G<small>URKEN</small> [<small>VON</small> H<small>EBE</small>] <small>DES</small> V<small>ORSIEBENTJAHRES GEGESSEN HAT, BIS ER</small> G<small>URKEN DES</small> N<small>ACHSIEBENTJAHRES HAT, UND BEZAHLE DANN</small>. A<small>US DERSELBEN</small> S<small>TELLE, AUS DER</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SEINE ERLEICHTERNDE</small> A<small>NSICHT ENTNIMMT, ENTNIMMT</small> R. A͑<small>QIBA SEINE ERSCHWERENDE</small> A<small>NSICHT</small>. E<small>S HEISST</small>:<sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Lev. 22,14.</i><i>Er gebe dem Priester das Geheiligte</i>, <small>NÄMLICH ALLES, WAS GEEIGNET IST</small>, G<small>EHEILIGTES ZU WERDEN — SO</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER</small>. R. A͑<small>QIBA ABER ERKLÄRT</small>: <i>Er gebe dem Priester das Geheiligte</i>, <small>NÄMLICH, DAS</small> G<small>EHEILIGTE, DAS ER GEGESSEN HAT</small>."
|
86 |
+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<b>W</b>ER <small>VORSÄTZLICH</small> H<small>EBE GEGESSEN HAT, ERSETZE DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT UND NICNT DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die Schrift spricht nur von der Unvorsätzlichkeit.</i>; <small>DER</small> E<small>RSATZ IST PROFAN, UND WENN DER</small> P<small>RIESTER WILL, KANN ER DARAUF VERZICHTEN</small>.",
|
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+
"II. W<small>ENN EINE</small> P<small>RIESTERSTOCHTER SICH MIT EINEM</small> J<small>ISRAÉLITEN VERHEIRATET UND DARAUF</small> H<small>EBE GEGESSEN HAT, SO BEZAHLE SIE DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT UND NICHT DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL, UND IHRE</small> H<small>INRICHTUNG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn sie ehebrüchig war.</i> <small>ERFOLGT DURCH</small> V<small>ERBRENNUNG</small>. H<small>AT SIE SICH MIT EINEM DER</small> B<small>EMAKELTEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">In der Schrift und ausführlicher in einem besonderen Abschnitte im Talmud genannte Personen von illegitimer oder bemakelter Herkunft, die in eine priesterliche Familie nicht einheiraten dürfen.</i> <small>VERHEIRATET, SO BEZAHLE SIE DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT UND DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL, UND IHRE</small> H<small>INRICHTUNG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn sie ehebrüchig war.</i> <small>ERFOLGT DURCH</small> E<small>RDROSSELUNG — SO</small> R. M<small>EÍR; DIE</small> W<small>EISEN SAGEN, DIESE WIE JENE BEZAHLE NUR DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT UND NICHT DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL, UND BEIDER</small> H<small>INRICHTUNG ERFOLGE DURCH</small> V<small>ERBRENNUNG</small>.",
|
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+
"III. W<small>ER SEINEN MINDERJÄHRIGEN</small> K<small>INDERN ODER SEINEN</small> S<small>KLAVEN, OB GROSSEN ODER KLEINEN</small>, [H<small>EBE</small>] <small>ZU ESSEN GIBT, WER</small> H<small>EBE</small> [<small>VON</small> F<small>RÜCHTEN</small>] <small>AUS DEM</small> A<small>USLANDE ISST, UND WER</small> H<small>EBE WENIGER ALS</small> [<small>IM</small> Q<small>UANTUM</small>] <small>EINER</small> O<small>LIVE ISST, BEZAHLE DEN</small> G<small>RUNDWERT UND NICHT DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL; DER</small> E<small>RSATZ IST PROFAN, UND WENN DER</small> P<small>RIESTER WILL, KANN ER DARAUF VERZICHTEN</small>.",
|
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+
"IV. D<small>IE</small> R<small>EGEL IST</small>: W<small>ENN DER</small> G<small>RUNDWERT UND DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL ZU BEZAHLEN IST, SO IST DER</small> E<small>RSATZ</small> H<small>EBE, UND DER</small> P<small>RIESTER KANN, WENN ER ES AUCH WILL, DARAUF NICHT VERZICHTEN; WENN ABER NUR DER</small> G<small>RUNDWERT UND NICHT DAS</small> F<small>ÜNFTEL ZU BEZAHLEN IST, SO IST DER</small> E<small>RSATZ PROFAN, UND WENN DER</small> P<small>RIESTER WILL, KANN ER DARAUF VERZICHTEN</small>.",
|
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+
"V. W<small>ENN IN EINEN VON ZWEI</small> K<small>ÖRBEN</small> [<small>MIT</small> F<small>RÜCHTEN</small>], <small>EINER</small> H<small>EBE UND DER ANDERE</small> P<small>ROFANES ENTHALTEND, EINE</small> S<small>EÁ</small> H<small>EBE GEKOMMEN IST UND MAN NICHT WEISS, IN WELCHEN, SO NEHME ICH AN, DASS SIE IN DIE</small> H<small>EBE GEKOMMEN IST</small>. W<small>ENN MAN NICHT WEISS, WELCHES</small> H<small>EBE UND WELCHES</small> P<small>ROFANES IST, UND JEMAND VON EINEM GEGESSEN HAT, SO IST ER FREI; DAS ANDERE IST WIE</small> H<small>EBE ZU BEHANDELN, JEDOCH IST ES ZUR</small> T<small>EIGHEBE PFLICHTIG — SO</small> R. M<small>EÍR</small>; R. J<small>OSE BEFREIT DAVON</small>. I<small>SST EIN ZWEITER DAS ANDERE, SO IST ER EBENFALLS FREI; ISST EINER BEIDE, SO MUSS ER DEN</small> W<small>ERT DES KLEINEREN ERSETZEN</small>.",
|
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+
"VI. I<small>ST EINES VON IHNEN IN</small> P<small>ROFANES GEKOMMEN, SO BEWIRKT ES KEINE</small> B<small>EMISCHUNG; DAS ANDERE IST WIE</small> H<small>EBE ZU BEHANDELN, JEDOCH IST ES ZUR</small> T<small>EIGHEBE PFLICHTIG — SO</small> R. M<small>EÍR</small>; R. J<small>OSE BEFREIT DAVON</small>. K<small>OMMT DAS ANDERE IN ANDERE</small> [F<small>RÜCHTE</small>], <small>SO BEWIRKT AUCH DIESES KEINE</small> B<small>EMISCHUNG; KOMMEN BEIDE IN EINE</small> S<small>TELLE, SO BEWIRKEN SIE</small> B<small>EMISCHUNG NACH</small> V<small>ERHÄLTNIS DES KLEINEREN</small>.",
|
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+
"VII. H<small>AT MAN EINES VON IHNEN GESÄET, SO IST MAN FREI; DAS ANDEREIST WIE</small> H<small>EBE ZU BEHANDELN, JEDOCH IST ES ZUR</small> T<small>EIGHEBE PFLICHTIG — SO</small> R. M<small>EÍR</small>; R. J<small>OSE BEFREIT DAVON</small>. S<small>ÄET EIN ZWEITER DAS ANDERE, SO IST ER EBENFALLS FREI; SÄET EINER BEIDE, SO IST ES BEI</small> D<small>INGEN, DIE SICH IN DER</small> E<small>RDE AUFLÖSEN, ERLAUBT, UND BEI</small> D<small>INGEN, DIE SICH NICHT IN DER</small> E<small>RDE AUFLÖSEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">ZBs. Zwiebeln oder Knoblauch.</i>, <small>VERBOTEN</small>."
|
95 |
+
],
|
96 |
+
[
|
97 |
+
"<b>W</b>ENN <small>MAN ZU EINER</small> F<small>RAU, DIE</small> H<small>EBE ISST, KOMMT UND SAGT, IHR</small> M<small>ANN SEI GESTORBEN, ODER ER HABE SICH VON IHR GESCHIEDEN, EBENSO WENN MAN ZU EINEM</small> S<small>KLAVEN, DER</small> H<small>EBE ISST, KOMMT UND SAGT, SEIN</small> H<small>ERR SEI GESTORBEN, ODER ER HABE IHN AN EINEN</small> J<small>ISRAÉLITEN VERKAUFT ODER VERSCHENKT, ODER ER HABE IHN FREIGELASSEN, DESGLEICHEN AUCH, WENN EIN</small> P<small>RIESTER, DER</small> H<small>EBE ISST, ERFÄHRT, DASS ER DER</small> S<small>OHN EINER</small> G<small>ESCHIEDENEN ODER EINER</small> Ḥ<small>ALUÇA</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn jemand kinderlos stirbt, so hat sein Bruder an seiner Frau die Schwagerehe zu vollziehen; weigert er sich, so muß er ihr die Ḥaliça (eigentl. Schuhabstreifung) erteilen, eine gerichtliche Formalität, wobei sie ihm den Schuh vom Fuße abzustreifen hat. Die Frau, die eigentl. die handelnde Person ist, führt die passive Benennung Ḥaluça; cf. Dt. 25,5-10.</i> <small>IST, SO SIND SIE NACH</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER ZUR</small> Z<small>AHLUNG DES</small> G<small>RUNDWERTES UND DES</small> F<small>ÜNFTELS VERPFLICHTET</small>; R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ BEFREIT SIE DAVON</small>. W<small>ENN</small> [<small>EIN</small> P<small>RIESTER</small>], <small>DER AM</small> A<small>LTAR STEHT UND</small> [<small>OPFER</small>] <small>DARBRINGT, ERFÄHRT, DASS ER DER</small> S<small>OHN EINER</small> G<small>ESCHIEDENEN ODER EINER</small> Ḥ<small>ALUÇA IST, SO SIND ALLE</small> O<small>PFER, DIE ER AUF DEM</small> A<small>LTAR DARGEBRACHT, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, UNTAUGLICH, UND NACH</small> R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ TAUGLICH</small>. E<small>RFÄHRT MAN, DASS ER MIT EINEM</small> L<small>EIBESFEHLER BEHAFTET IST, SO IST SEIN</small> T<small>EMPELDIENST UNGÜLTIG</small>.",
|
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"II. D<small>IESE ALLE MÜSSEN, WENN SIE DIE</small> H<small>EBE NOCH IM</small> M<small>ÜNDE HABEN, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, HERUNTERSCHLUCKEN, UND WIE</small> R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, AUS SPUCKEN</small>. S<small>AGT MAN IHM, ER SEI UNREIN GEWORDEN, ODER DIE</small> H<small>EBE SEI UNREIN GEWORDEN, SO MUSS ER, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, HERUNTERSCHLUCKEN, UND WIE</small> R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, AUSSPUCKEN</small>. [S<small>AGT MAN IHM</small>,] <small>ER SEI UNREIN GEWESEN, ODER DIE</small> H<small>EBE SEI UNREIN GEWESEN, EBENSO WENN ER ERFÄHRT, DASS ES</small> U<small>NVERZEHNTETES SEI, ODER ERSTER</small> Z<small>EHNT, VON DEM DIE</small> H<small>EBE NICHT ENTNOMMEN WURDE, ODER ZWEITER</small> Z<small>EIINT ODER</small> H<small>EILIGENGUT, DIE NICHT AUSGELÖST WURDEN, UND DESGLEICHEN, WENN ER DEN</small> G<small>ESCHMACK EINER</small> W<small>ANZE IM</small> M<small>UNDE VERSPÜRT, SO SPUCKE ER AUS</small>.",
|
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+
"III. W<small>ER EINE</small> T<small>RAUBE ESSEND AUS DEM</small> G<small>ARTEN IN DEN</small> H<small>OF</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dieser macht die Fruchte zehntpflichtig.</i> <small>GEHT, DARF</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wenn er in den Garten zurückgeht.</i>, <small>WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, DAS</small> E<small>SSEN BEENDEN</small>; R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, ER DÜRFE ES NICHT BEENDEN</small>. D<small>UNKELT DIE</small> N<small>ACHT ZUM</small> Š<small>ABBATH, SO DARF MAN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach Ausgang des Šabbaths.</i> [<small>DAS</small> E<small>SSEN</small>], <small>WIE</small> R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, BEENDEN, UND WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, NICHT BEENDEN</small>.",
|
100 |
+
"IV. W<small>ENN</small> W<small>EIN VON</small> H<small>EBE OFFEN GESTANDEN HAT, SO GIESSE MAN IHN FORT, UND SELBSTVERSTÄNDLICH PROFANEN</small> W<small>EIN</small>. D<small>REI</small> G<small>ETRÄNKE SIND VERBOTEN, WENN SIE OFFEN GESTANDEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Weil eine giftige Schlange davon getrunken haben kann.</i> <small>HABEN</small>: W<small>ASSER</small>, W<small>EIN UND</small> M<small>ILCH; ANDERE</small> G<small>ETRÄNKE SIND ERLAUBT</small>. W<small>IE LANGE MÜSSEN SIE OFFEN GESTANDEN HABEN, UM VERBOTEN ZU SEIN?</small> D<small>ASS DAS</small> R<small>EPTIL AUS EINEM NAHEN</small> S<small>CHLUPFE HERANKOMMEN UND TRINKEN KANN</small>.",
|
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+
"V. D<small>AS</small> Q<small>UANTUM DES OFFEN GESTANDENEN</small> W<small>ASSERS IST</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Um noch zum Trinken erlaubt zu sein.</i>, <small>DASS DAS</small> G<small>IFT SICH DARIN VERLIERE</small>. R. J<small>OSE SAGT, IN</small> G<small>EFÄSSEN SEI JEDES</small> Q<small>UANTUM</small> [<small>VERBOTEN</small>], <small>IM</small> B<small>ODEN BIS VIERZIG</small> S<small>EÁ</small>.",
|
102 |
+
"VI. A<small>NGENAGTE</small> F<small>EIGEN</small>, W<small>EINBEEREN</small>, G<small>URKEN</small>, K<small>ÜRBISSE</small>, M<small>ELONEN UND</small> A<small>PFELMELONEN SIND, AUCH EIN</small> K<small>IKAR</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Od. Talent (60 Minen); da Tautologie und unverständlich, lesen manche <span dir=\"rtl\">בכד</span> (st. <span dir=\"rtl\">ככר</span>), <i>selbst wenn sie sich in einem Gefäße befinden</i>.</i><small>GROSS, OB GROSS ODER KLEIN, OB GE PFLÜCKT ODER HAFTEND, SOBALD SIE NUR</small> S<small>AFT HABEN, VERBOTEN; EIN VON EINER</small> S<small>CHLANGE GEBISSENES</small> [V<small>IEH</small>] <small>IST ALS LEBENSGEFÄHRLICH VERBOTEN</small>.",
|
103 |
+
"VII. I<small>ST DER</small> W<small>EIN MIT DEM</small> S<small>EIHER</small> [<small>BEDECKT</small>], <small>SO IST ER DENNOCH WEGEN</small> O<small>FFENSTEHENS VERBOTEN</small>; R. N<small>EḤEMJA ERLAUBT IHN</small>.",
|
104 |
+
"VIII. W<small>ENN BEI EINEM</small> F<small>ASSE MIT</small> H<small>EBE EIN</small> Z<small>WEDJEL DER</small> U<small>NREINHEIT ENTSTEHT, SO STELLE MAN ES, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, FALLS ES AUF EINER FREIEN</small> S<small>TELLE GESTANDEN HAT, IN EINE GEBORGENE</small> S<small>TELLE, UND HAT ES OFFEN GESTANDEN, DECKE MAN ES ZU</small>; R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, STAND ES IN EINER GEBORGENEN</small> S<small>TELLE, SO STELLE MAN ES IN EINE FREIE</small> S<small>TELLE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Damit es unrein werde u. man es verbrennen könne.</i>, <small>WAR ES ZUGEDECKT, SO DECKE MAN ES AUF</small>; R. G<small>AMLIÉL SAGT, MAN NEHME KEINE</small> Ä<small>NDERUNG VOR</small>.",
|
105 |
+
"IX. W<small>ENN EIN</small> F<small>ASS</small> [H<small>EBE</small>] <small>IN DER OBEREN</small> K<small>ELTER ZERBRICHT, UND UN TEN SICH UNREINER</small> [W<small>EIN</small>] <small>BEFINDET, SO MUSS MAN, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER UND</small> R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ ÜBEREINSTIMMEN, WENN MAN EIN</small> V<small>IERTELLOG IN</small> R<small>EINHEIT RETTEN KANN, ES RETTEN, WENN NICHT, SO LASSE MAN, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, IHN AUSLAUFEN UND UNREIN WERDEN, VERUNREINIGE IHN ABER NICHT MIT DEN</small> H<small>ÄNDEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Durch Aufnahme in ein unreines Gefäß, um den unten befindlichen Wein von der Hebe zu schützen.</i>.",
|
106 |
+
"X. E<small>BENSO MUSS MAN, WENN EIN</small> F<small>ASS ÖL VON</small> [H<small>EBE</small>] <small>AUSGEGOSSEN WIRD, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER UND</small> R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ ÜBEREINSTIMMEN, FALLS MAN EIN</small> V<small>IERTELLOG IN</small> R<small>EINHEIT RETTEN KANN, ES RETTEN; FALLS ABER NICHT, SO LASSE MAN ES, WIE</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER SAGT, SICH IN DIE</small> E<small>RDE EINZIEHEN, MAN VERDERBE ES ABER NICHT MIT DEN</small> H<small>ÄNDEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">10</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Durch levit. Verunreinigung.</i>.",
|
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+
"XI. R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGTE HIERZU</small>: D<small>AS IST NICHT DIE</small> H<small>EBE, DEREN</small> V<small>ERUNREINIGUNG, SONDERN DEREN</small> G<small>ENUSS MIR VERBOTEN WIRD</small>. I<small>N WELCHEM</small> F<small>ALLE ABER IST DAS</small> V<small>ERBOT DER</small> V<small>ERUNREINIGUNG ANZUWENDEN?</small> W<small>ENN JEMAND VON EINEM</small> O<small>RTE NACH EINEM ANDEREN GEHT UND</small> B<small>ROTE VON</small> H<small>EBE SICH BEI IHM BEFINDEN, UND EIN</small> F<small>REMDLING ZU IHM SPRICHT: GIB MIR EINES VON DIESEN, DASS ICH ES VERUNREINIGE, SONST VERUNREINIGE ICH ALLE; DIESBEZÜGLICH SAGT</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER: MAG ER AUCH ALLE VERUNREINIGEN, DOCH GEBE ER IHM NICHT EINES VON IHNEN</small>, R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SAGT, ER LEGE IHM EINES AUF EINEN</small> S<small>TEIN HIN</small>.",
|
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+
"XII. D<small>ESGLEICHEN AUCH, WENN</small> N<small>ICHTJUDEN ZU</small> F<small>RAUEN SAGEN: LIEFERT UNS EINE VON EUCH AUS, DASS WIR SIE SCHÄNDEN, SONST SCHÄNDEN WIR EUCH ALLE</small>. M<small>ÖGEN SIE SICH ALLE SCHÄNDEN LASSEN, NUR NICHT EINE</small> P<small>ERSON AUS</small> J<small>ISRAÉL IHNEN AUSLIEFERN</small>."
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<b>W</b>ER <small>VERSEHENTLICH</small> H<small>EBE GESÄET HAT, PFLÜGE</small> [<small>DAS</small> F<small>ELD</small>] <small>UM, WENN VORSÄTZLICH, SO MUSS ER ES STEHEN LASSEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Der Ertrag ist Hebe.</i>. I<small>ST BEREITS EIN</small> D<small>RITTEL GEWACHSEN, SO MUSS ER ES, OB VERSEHENTLICH ODER VORSÄTZLICH, STEHEN LASSEN</small>. F<small>LACHS MUSS ER, AUCH WENN VORSÄTZLICH, UMPFLÜGEN</small>.",
|
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+
"II. S<small>IE UNTERLIEGT DER</small> P<small>FLICHT DER</small> N<small>ACHLESE, DES</small> V<small>ERGESSENEN UND DES</small> E<small>CKENLASSES; DIE</small> A<small>RMEN, OB JISRAÉLITISCHE ODER PRIESTERLICHE, DÜR FEN SAMMELN</small>. D<small>IE JISRAÉLITISCHEN</small> A<small>RMEN ABER MÜSSEN IHRES AN</small> P<small>RIESTER ZUM</small> H<small>EBEPREISE VERKAUFEN UND DER</small> E<small>RLÖS GEHÖRT IHNEN</small>. R. T<small>RYPHON SAGTE</small>: N<small>UR PRIESTERLICHE</small> A<small>RME DÜRFEN SAMMELN, DA ANDERE VERGESSEN UND ETWAS IN DEN</small> M<small>UND TUN KÖNNTEN</small>. R. A͑<small>QIBA SPRACH ZU IHM</small>: D<small>EMNACH DÜRFTEN NUR</small> R<small>EINE SAMMELN</small>!",
|
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+
"III. A<small>UCH UNTERLIEGT SIE DER</small> P<small>FLICHT DES</small> Z<small>EHNTEN UND DES</small> A<small>RMENZEHNTEN; DIE</small> A<small>RMEN, OB JISRAÉLITISCHE ODER PRIESTERLICHE, ERHALTEN SIE</small>. D<small>IE JISRAÉLITISCHEN</small> A<small>RMEN ABER MÜSSEN IHRES AN</small> P<small>RIESTER ZUM</small> H<small>EBEPREISE VERKAUFEN, UND DER</small> E<small>RLÖS GEHÖRT IHNEN</small>. L<small>OBENSWERTER IST ES</small>, [<small>DAS</small> G<small>ETREIDE</small>] <small>MIT DEM</small> H<small>ANDFLEGEL ZU ENTKÖRNEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Der Laie darf sein Vieh keine Hebe essen lassen, außerdem ist es. (Dt. 25,4) auch verboten, dem Vieh beim Preschen einen Maulkorb anzulegen.</i>; <small>WER ABER DRISCHT, VERFAHRE WIE FOLGT: ER HÄNGE EINEN</small> M<small>AULSACK UM DEN</small> H<small>ALS DES</small> T<small>IERES UND TUE VON DERSELBEN</small> A<small>RT HINEIN; AUF DIESE</small> W<small>EISE ZÄUMT ER NICHT DAS</small> V<small>IEH, AUCH LÄSST ER ES NICHT</small> H<small>EBE ESSEN</small>.",
|
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+
"IV. D<small>ER</small> E<small>RTRAG VON</small> H<small>EBEAUSSAAT IST</small> H<small>EBE, DER</small> E<small>RTRAG DIESES</small> E<small>RTRAGES IST</small> P<small>ROFANES; DAGEGEN IST DER</small> E<small>RTRAG VON</small> U<small>NVERZEHNTETEM, ERSTEM</small> Z<small>EHNTEN</small>, W<small>IEDERWUCHS DES</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRES, AUSLÄNDISCHER</small> H<small>EBE</small>, B<small>EMISCHTEM UND DEN</small> E<small>RSTLINGEN</small> P<small>ROFANES</small>. D<small>ER</small> E<small>RTRAG VON</small> H<small>EILIGENGUT UND ZWEITEM</small> Z<small>EHNTEN IST</small> P<small>ROFANES, MAN LÖSE SIE ABER ZUR</small> Z<small>EIT DES</small> S<small>ÄENS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dh. nur zum Werte der Aussaat und nicht des Ertrages.</i> <small>AUS</small>.",
|
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+
"V. S<small>IND HUNDERT</small> B<small>EETE</small> H<small>EBE UND EINES</small> P<small>ROFANES, SO SIND ALLE ERLAUBT BEI</small> D<small>INGEN, DIE SICH</small> [<small>IN DER</small> E<small>RDE</small>] <small>AUFLÖSEN; BEI</small> D<small>INGEN ABER, DIE SICH NICHT</small> [<small>IN DER</small> E<small>RDE</small>] <small>AUFLÖSEN, SIND ALLE VERBOTEN, AUCH WENN HUNDERT</small> P<small>ROFANES SIND UND EINES</small> H<small>EBE</small>.",
|
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+
"VI. D<small>ER</small> E<small>RTRAG DES</small> U<small>NVERZEHNTETEN IST NUR BEI</small> D<small>INGEN ERLAUBT, DIE SICH</small> [<small>IN DER</small> E<small>RDE</small>] <small>AUFLÖSEN, BEI</small> D<small>INGEN ABER,DIE SICH</small> [<small>IN DER</small> E<small>RDE</small>] <small>NICHT AUFLÖSEN, IST SOGAR DER</small> E<small>RTRAG DES</small> E<small>RTRAGES VERBOTEN</small>. W<small>AS LÖST SICH</small> [<small>IN DER</small> E<small>RDE</small>] <small>NICHT AUF</small>? B<small>EISPIELSWEISE</small>: L<small>AUCH</small>, K<small>NOBLAUCH UND</small> Z<small>WIEBELN</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT</small>, K<small>NOBLAUCH GLEICHE DER</small> G<small>ERSTE</small>.",
|
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"VII. W<small>ER BEI EINEM</small> F<small>REMDLING</small> G<small>EWÜRZKRÄUTER JÄTET, DARF GELEGENTLICH ETWAS DAVON ESSEN, OBGLEICH DIE</small> F<small>RÜCHTE UNVERZEHNTET SIND</small>. W<small>ENN</small> S<small>ETZLINGE VON</small> H<small>EBE UNREIN GEWORDEN SIND UND MAN SIE WIEDER GEPFLANZT HAT, SO SIND SIE INSOFERN REIN, INDEM SIE NICHT VERUNREINIGEN, ESSEN DARF MAN SIE ABER NUR DANN, WENN MAN DAS</small> E<small>SSBARE WEGGESCHNITTEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Und nur die Wurzel gepflanzt hat.</i> <small>HAT</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, WENN MAN WEGGESCHNITTEN UND ABERMALS</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Von dem, was gewachsen ist, sodaß erst die 3. Pflanzung erlaubt ist.</i> <small>WEGGESCHNITTEN HAT</small>."
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],
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[
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"<b>W</b>ENN <small>MAN EINE</small> Z<small>WIEBEL</small> [<small>VON</small> H<small>EBE</small>] <small>IN</small> L<small>INSEN GETAN HAT, SO SIND SIE, WENN EINE GANZE, ERLAUBT, WENN ZERSCHNITTEN, FALLS SIE EINEN</small> G<small>ESCHMACK VERLIEHEN HAT</small>, [<small>VERBOTEN</small>]. A<small>LLE ANDEREN</small> S<small>PEISEN SIND, OB GANZ ODER ZERSCHNITTEN, FALLS SIE EINEN</small> G<small>ESCHMACK VERLIEHEN HAT</small>, [<small>VERBOTEN</small>]. R. J<small>EHUDA ERLAUBT AUCH, WENN MAN SIE IN ÜBELRIECHENDE</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach den Kommentaren Fischsalat, Speise aus kleinen Fischen.</i> S<small>PEISEN GETAN HAT, WEIL SIE NUR DEN</small> S<small>CHMUTZ ENTFERNEN SOLL</small>.",
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"II. W<small>ENN MAN EINEN</small> A<small>PFEL</small> [<small>VON</small> H<small>EBE</small>] <small>ZERRIEBEN UND IN DEN</small> T<small>EIG GELEGT UND ER GESÄUERT HAT, SO IST ER VERBOTEN</small>. W<small>ENN</small> G<small>ERSTE</small> [<small>VON</small> H<small>EBE</small>] <small>IN EINEN</small> B<small>RUNNEN GEFALLEN IST, SO IST DAS</small> W<small>ASSER ERLAUBT, AUCH WENN ES DADURCH ÜBELRIECHEND WURDE</small>.",
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"III. W<small>ENN MAN WARMES</small> B<small>ROT AUS DEM</small> O<small>FEN NIMMT UND ES AUF EIN</small> F<small>ASS MIT</small> W<small>EIN VON</small> H<small>EBE LEGT, SO IST ES NACH</small> R. M<small>EÍR VERBOTEN, UND NACH</small> R. J<small>EHUDA ERLAUBT</small>; R. J<small>OSE ERLAUBT DAS</small> W<small>EIZENBROT UND VERBIETET DAS</small> G<small>ERSTENBROT, WEIL</small> G<small>ERSTE EINSAUGT</small>.",
|
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"IV. W<small>ENN MAN EINEN</small> O<small>FEN MIT</small> K<small>ÜMMEL VON</small> H<small>EBE GEHEIZT UND DARIN</small> B<small>ROT GEBACKEN HAT, SO IST DAS</small> B<small>ROT ERLAUBT, WEIL ES NICHT DEN</small> G<small>ESCHMACK DES</small> K<small>ÜMMELS, SONDERN NUR DEN</small> G<small>ERUCH DESSELBEN ANNIMMT</small>.",
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+
"V. W<small>ENN</small> B<small>OCKSHORNKLEE IN EINE</small> K<small>UFE</small> W<small>EIN GEFALLEN IST, SO IST ER, WENN</small> H<small>EBE ODER ZWEITER</small> Z<small>EHNT</small>, [<small>VERBOTEN</small>,] <small>NUR WENN DIE</small> S<small>AMENKÖRNER OHNE</small> S<small>TENGEL EINEN</small> G<small>ESCHMACK VERLEIHEN KÖNNEN, UND WENN</small> S<small>IEBENTJAHRSFRUCHT</small>, M<small>ISCHFRUCHT DES</small> W<small>EINBERGES ODER</small> H<small>EILIGENGUT, AUCH WENN DIE</small> S<small>AMENKÖRNER SAMT DEN</small> S<small>TENGELN EINEN</small> G<small>ESCHMACK VERLEIHEN</small>.",
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"VI. W<small>ENN JEMAND</small> B<small>ÜNDEL</small> B<small>OCKSHORNKLEE HAT, DIE</small> M<small>ISCHFRUCHT DES</small> W<small>EINBERGES SIND, SO VERBRENNE ER SIE</small> [<small>VOLLSTÄNDIG]; WENN ABER</small> B<small>ÜNDEL</small> B<small>OCKSHORNKLEE, DIE UNVERZEHNTET SIND, SO SCHLAGE ER DIE</small> S<small>AMENKÖRNER AB, BERECHNE, WIEVIEL DARIN ENTHALTEN IST UND SONDERE</small> [<small>DEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN</small>] <small>NUR VON DEN</small> S<small>AMENKÖRNERN UND NICHT VON DEN</small> S<small>TENGELN AB</small>. H<small>AT ER</small> [<small>VORHER</small>] <small>ABGESONDERT, SO KANN ER NICHT SAGEN, ER WOLLE DIE</small> S<small>AMENKÖRNER ABSCHLAGEN, DIE</small> S<small>TENGEL ZURÜCKBEHALTEN UND</small> [<small>DEN</small> Z<small>EHNTEN</small>] <small>NUR VON DEN</small> S<small>AMENKÖRNERN ENTRICHTEN, VIELMEHR MUSS ER IHN VON DEN</small> S<small>AMENKÖRNERN SAMT DEN</small> S<small>TENGELN ENTRICHTEN</small>.",
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"VII. W<small>ENN MAN PROFANE</small> O<small>LIVEN MIT</small> O<small>LIVEN VON</small> H<small>EBE ZUSAMMEN EINGELEGT HAT, EINERLEI OB DIE PROFANEN GESPALTEN UND DIE</small> H<small>EBE GESPALTEN, ODER DIE PROFANEN GESPALTEN UND DIE</small> H<small>EBE GANZ, ODER MAN SOLCHE IN</small> F<small>RUCHTSAFT VON</small> H<small>EBE EINGELEGT HAT, SO IST ES VERBOTEN; SIND ABER DIE PROFANEN GANZ UND DIE</small> H<small>EBE GESPALTEN, SO IST ES ERLAUBT</small>.",
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127 |
+
"VIII. W<small>ENN MAN EINEN UNREINEN</small> F<small>ISCH ZUSAMMEN MIT EINEM REINEN</small> F<small>ISCH EINGELEGT HAT, SO IST DIE</small> T<small>UNKE VERBOTEN, FALLS SICH IN EINEM ZWEI</small> S<small>EÁ ENTHALTENDEN</small> F<small>ASS DAS</small> G<small>EWICHT VON ZEHN</small> Z<small>UZ</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup>/<sub>960</sub> (1 Seá = 24 Log, 1 L. = 2 Litra, 1 L. = 100 Zuz).</i><small>IN</small> J<small>UDÄA, GLEICH FÜNF</small> S<small>ELA͑ IN</small> G<small>ALILÄA, VOM UNREINEN</small> F<small>ISCH BEFINDET</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, NUR WENN SICH EIN</small> V<small>IERTELLOG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\"><sup>1</sup>/<sub>192</sub>.</i> <small>IN ZWEI</small> S<small>EÁ BEFINDET</small>; R. J<small>OSE SAGT, NUR WENN EIN</small> S<small>ECHZEHNTEL</small>.",
|
128 |
+
"IX. U<small>NREINE</small> H<small>EUSCHRECKEN, DIE MAN ZUSAMMEN MIT REINEN EINGELEGT HAT, MACHEN DIE</small> T<small>UNKE NICHT UNREIN</small>. R. Ç<small>ADOQ BEKUNDETE, DASS DIE</small> T<small>UNKE VON UNREINEN</small> H<small>EUSCHRECKEN REIN IST</small>.",
|
129 |
+
"X. A<small>LLES, WAS ZUSAMMEN EINGELEGT</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Profanes mit Hebe.</i> <small>WIRD, IST ERLAUBT; AUSGENOMMEN</small> G<small>EWÜRZKRÄUTER</small>. G<small>EWÜRZKRÄUTER VON</small> P<small>ROFANEM, DIE MAN MIT</small> G<small>EWÜRZKRÄUTERN VON</small> H<small>EBE, ODER</small> K<small>RÄUTER VON</small> P<small>ROFANEM, DIE MAN MIT</small> G<small>EWÜRZKRÄUTERN VON</small> H<small>EBE EINGELEGT HAT, SIND VERBOTEN</small>; G<small>EWÜRZKRÄUTER VON</small> P<small>ROFANEM ABER, DIE MAN MIT</small> K<small>RÄUTERN VON</small> H<small>EBE EINGELEGT HAT, SIND ERLAUBT</small>.",
|
130 |
+
"XI. R. J<small>OSE SAGT</small>, [<small>NUR</small>,] <small>WAS MIT</small> [<small>VERBOTENEM</small>] M<small>ANGOLD GESCHMORT WIRD, SEI VERBOTEN, WEIL DIESER EINEN</small> G<small>ESCHMACK VERLEIHT</small>. R. Š<small>IMO͑N SAGT</small>, K<small>OHL VON TROCKENEM</small> B<small>ODEN MIT</small> K<small>OHL VON FEUCHTEXM</small> B<small>ODEN SEI VERBOTEN, WEIL JENER EINSAUGT</small>. R. J<small>EHUDA SAGT, ALLES, WAS ZUSAMMENGEKOCHT WIRD, SEI ERLAUBT, AUSGENOMMEN</small> F<small>LEISCH</small>. R. J<small>OḤANAN B</small>. N<small>URI SAGT</small>, L<small>EBER MACHE ANDERES VERBOTEN, WERDE ABER NICHT DURCH ANDERES VERBOTEN, WEIL SIE AUSSTÖSST UND NICHT EINSAUGT</small>.",
|
131 |
+
"XII. W<small>ENN EIN</small> E<small>I MIT VERBOTENEN</small> G<small>EWÜRZEN GEKOCHT WURDE, SO IST SOGAR DER</small> D<small>OTTER VERBOTEN, WEIL ER EINSAUGT</small>. T<small>UNKE VON GESCHMORTER ODER EINGELEGTER</small> H<small>EBE IST</small> L<small>AIEN VERBOTEN</small>."
|
132 |
+
],
|
133 |
+
[
|
134 |
+
"<b>M</b>AN <small>DARF GEPRESSTE ODER GETROCKNETE</small> F<small>EIGEN</small> [<small>VON</small> H<small>EBE</small>] <small>NICHT IN</small> A<small>SPIK LEGEN, WEIL MAN SIE DADURCH VERNICHTET</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">1</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Sie werden, nachdem man sie ausdrückt, fortgeworfen.</i>, <small>WOHL DARF MAN ABER</small> W<small>EIN IN</small> A<small>SPIK TUN</small>. M<small>AN DARF</small> Ö<small>L</small> [<small>VON</small> H<small>EBE</small>] <small>NICHT WÜRZEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">2</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Weil man die Würzkräuter, die Öl eingesogen, fortwirft. Nach anderer Erklärung, weil das Öl dann nicht mehr zum Essen verwendbar ist.</i>, <small>WOHL ABER DARF MAN AUS</small> W<small>EIN</small> H<small>ONIGWEIN BEREITEN</small>. M<small>AN DARF</small> W<small>EIN VON</small> H<small>EBE NICHT KOCHEN, WEIL MAN IHN DADURCH VERMINDERT</small>; R. J<small>EHUDA ERLAUBT DIES, WEIL MAN HIN DADURCH VERBESSERT</small>.",
|
135 |
+
"II. W<small>EGEN</small> D<small>ATTELHONIGS</small>, A<small>PFELWEINES</small>, W<small>EINTRAUBENESSIGS UND ANDERER</small> F<small>RUCHTGETRÄNKE VON</small> H<small>EBE, VERPFLICHTET</small> R. E<small>LIE͑ZER ZUR</small> Z<small>AHLUNG DES</small> G<small>RUNDWERTES UND DES</small> F<small>ÜNFTELS</small>; R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ BEFREIT DAVON</small>. R. E<small>LIE͑ZER ERKLÄRT SIE ALS</small> G<small>ETRÄNKE BEZÜGLICH DER</small> V<small>ERUNREINIGUNG</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">3</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Speisen werden nur dann levit. verunreinigungsfähig, wenn sie von einer Flüssigkeit befeuchtet worden sind.</i>. R. J<small>EHOŠUA͑ SPRACH</small>: D<small>IE</small> W<small>EISEN HABEN DIE SIEBEN</small> F<small>LÜSSIGKEITEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">4</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die Speisen verunreinigungsfähig machen; cf. Makh. VI,4.</i> <small>NICHT WIE DIE</small> G<small>EWÜRZKRÄMER</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">5</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Die es bei ihrer Aufzählung nicht genau nehmen.</i> <small>AUFGEZÄHLT; SIE SAGTEN, SIEBEN</small> F<small>LÜSSIGKEITEN MACHEN VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG, ALLE ÜBRIGEN</small> G<small>ETRÄNKE ABER SIND REIN</small>.",
|
136 |
+
"III. M<small>AN DARF AUS</small> D<small>ATTELN</small> [<small>VON</small> H<small>EBE</small>] <small>KEINEN</small> H<small>ONIG BEREITEN, NOCH</small> W<small>EIN AUS</small> Ä<small>PFELN, NOCH</small> E<small>SSIG AUS</small> W<small>INTERTRAUBEN</small>. B<small>EI ALLEN ANDEREN</small> F<small>RÜCHTEN VON</small> H<small>EBE ODER ZWEITEM</small> Z<small>EHNT DARF MAN DEN NATÜRLICHEN</small> Z<small>USTAND NICHT ÄNDERN, AUSGENOMMEN SIND</small> O<small>LIVEN UND</small> W<small>EINTRAUBEN</small>. M<small>AN ERHÄLT DIE VIERZIG</small> [G<small>EISSELHIEBE</small>] <small>WEGEN</small> G<small>ENUSSES VON</small> U<small>NGEWEIHTEM NUR WEGEN DES</small> S<small>AFTES VON</small> O<small>LIVEN UND</small> W<small>EINTRAUBEN; MAN DARF NICHT</small> F<small>RUCHTSAFT ALS</small> E<small>RSTLINGE DARBRINGEN, AUSGENOMMEN</small> O<small>LIVEN UND</small> W<small>EINTRAUBEN; KEIN ANDERER</small> F<small>RUCHTSAFT IST VERUNREINIGUNGSFÄHIG, ALS DER VON</small> O<small>LIVEN UND</small> W<small>EINTRAUBEN; MAN DARF AUF DEM</small> A<small>LTAR NUR DAS DARBRINGEN, WAS VON</small> O<small>LIVEN UND</small> W<small>EINTRAUBEN HERRÜHRT</small>.",
|
137 |
+
"IV. D<small>IE</small> S<small>TIELE VON</small> F<small>EIGEN, GEPRESSTEN</small> F<small>EIGEN</small>, K<small>ELISIM</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">6</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Nach Maimonides eine Feigenart; nach anderen eßbare Eichel, bezw. Kichererbse oder Bohne.</i> <small>UND DES</small> J<small>OHANNISBROTES VON</small> H<small>EBE SIND</small> L<small>AIEN VERBOTEN</small>.",
|
138 |
+
"V. F<small>RUCHTKERNE VON</small> H<small>EBE SIND VERBOTEN, WENN</small> [<small>DER</small> P<small>RIESTER</small>] <small>SIE AUFBEWAHRT, ERLAUBT, WENN ER SIE FORTWIRFT; EBENSO SIND</small> K<small>NOCHEN VON</small> G<small>EHEILIGTEM VERBOTEN, WENN ER SIE AUFBEWAHRT, ERLAUBT, WENN ER SIE FORTWIRFT</small>. S<small>CHALENKLEIE IST ERLAUBT</small>; G<small>RIESKLEIE IST VOM NEUEN</small> G<small>E TREIDE VERBOTEN, VOM ALTEN ERLAUBT</small>. M<small>AN VERFAHRE MIT DER</small> H<small>EBE EBENSO, WIE MAN MIT</small> P<small>ROFANEM VERFÄHRT</small>. W<small>ER AUS EINER</small> S<small>EÁ NUR EINEN ODER ZWEI</small> K<small>AB FEINES</small> M<small>EHL AUSBEUTELT, LASSE DEN</small> R<small>EST NICHT VERLOREN GEHEN, SONDERN LEGE IHN IN EINEN GESCHÜTZTEN</small> O<small>RT</small>.",
|
139 |
+
"VI. W<small>ENN JEMAND AUS EINEM</small> S<small>PEICHER</small> W<small>EIZEN VON</small> H<small>EBE FORTRÄUMT, SO IST ER NICHT VERPFLICHTET, SICH NIEDERZUSETZEN UND JEDES EINZELNE</small> K<small>ÖRNCHEN AUFZULESEN, VIELMEHR FEGE ER WIE GEWÖHNLICH AUS, UND TUE</small> P<small>ROFANES DAREIN</small>.",
|
140 |
+
"VII. E<small>BENSO IST ER, WENN IHM EIN</small> F<small>ASS</small> Ö<small>L</small> [<small>VON</small> H<small>EBE</small>] <small>AUSGEGOSSEN WIRD, NICHT VERPFLICHTET, SICH NIEDERZUSETZEN UND ES MIT DEN</small> H<small>ÄNDEN AUFZUSCHÖPFEN, VIELMEHR VERFAHRE ER DAMIT, WIE MAN MIT</small> P<small>ROFANEM VERFÄHRT</small>.",
|
141 |
+
"VIII. W<small>ER</small> [F<small>LÜSSIGKEITEN VON</small> H<small>EBE</small>] <small>AUS EINEM</small> K<small>RUGE IN EINEN ANDEREN GIESST, DARF, SOBALD DREI</small> T<small>ROPFEN NACHTRIEFEN, DARIN</small> P<small>ROFANES TUN; HAT ER IHN AUF DIE</small> S<small>EITE GEBOGEN, WODURCH SICH ETWAS ANGESAMMELT HAT, SO IST DIES</small> H<small>EBE</small>. W<small>ELCHES</small> Q<small>UANTUM</small> Z<small>EHNTHEBE VOM</small> D<small>EMAJ</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">7</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Dies gilt von unreiner; von reiner aber od. zweifelloser Hebe, in jedem Quantum.</i> <small>VERPFLICHTET IHN, ES ZUM</small> P<small>RIESTER ZU BRINGEN?</small> E<small>IN</small> A<small>CHTEL EINES</small> A<small>CHTELLOG</small>.",
|
142 |
+
"IX. [D<small>ER</small> P<small>RIESTER</small>] <small>DARF</small> W<small>ICKEN VON</small> H<small>EBE DEM</small> V<small>IEH, DEM</small> W<small>ILD UND DEN</small> H<small>ÜHNERN ZU FRESSEN GEBEN</small>. W<small>ENN EIN</small> J<small>ISRAÉLIT EINE</small> K<small>UH VON EINEM</small> P<small>RIESTER MIETET, SO DARF ER IHR</small> W<small>ICKEN VON</small> H<small>EBE ZU FRESSEN GEBEN; WENN ABER EIN PRIESTER EINE KÜH VON EINEM</small> J<small>ISRAÉLITEN MIETET, SO DARF ER IHR, OBGLEICH DEREN</small> F<small>ÜTTERUNG IHM OBLIEGT, KEINE</small> W<small>ICKEN VON</small> H<small>EBE ZU FRESSEN GEBEN</small>. W<small>ENN EIN</small> J<small>ISRAÉLIT VON EINEM</small> P<small>RIESTER EINE</small> K<small>UH ZUR</small> M<small>AST</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">8</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Wörtl. schätzen, da das Vieh vor- und nachher in seinem Werte geschätzt wird.</i> <small>ÜBERNIMMT, SO DARF ER IHR KEINE</small> W<small>ICKEN VON</small> H<small>EBE ZU FRESSEN GEBEN; WENN ABER EIN</small> P<small>RIESTER VON EINEM</small> J<small>ISRAÉLITEN EINE</small> K<small>ÜH ZUR</small> M<small>AST ÜBERNIMMT, SO DARF ER IHR</small> W<small>ICKEN VON</small> H<small>EBE ZU FRESSEN GEBEN</small>.",
|
143 |
+
"X. Ö<small>L, DAS VERBANNT WERDEN</small><sup class=\"footnote-marker\">9</sup><i class=\"footnote\">Hebe, die unrein geworden ist.</i> <small>MUSS, DARF MAN IN</small> B<small>ETHÄUSERN</small>, L<small>EHRHÄUSERN UND DUNKLEN</small> G<small>ÄNGEN BRENNEN; WENN EIN</small> P<small>RIESTER ANWESEND IST, AUCH BEI</small> K<small>RANKEN</small>. W<small>ENN EINE</small> J<small>ISRAÉLITIN SICH MIT EINEM</small> P<small>RIESTER VERHEIRATET HAT UND IHREN</small> V<small>ATER ZU BESUCHEN PFLEGT, SO DARF ER ES BEI IHRER</small> A<small>NWESENHEIT BRENNEN</small>. M<small>AN DARF ES FERNER BEI EINEM</small> G<small>ASTMAHLE BRENNEN UND NICHT BEI EINEM</small> L<small>EIDTRAGENDEN — SO</small> R. J<small>EHUDA</small>; R. J<small>OSE SAGT, BEI EINEM</small> L<small>EIDTRAGENDEN UND NICHT BEI EINEM</small> G<small>ASTMAHLE</small>; R. M<small>EÍR VERBIETET DIES DA UND DORT</small>; R. Š<small>IMO͑N ERLAUBT DIES DA UND DORT</small>."
|
144 |
+
]
|
145 |
+
],
|
146 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
147 |
+
"Chapter",
|
148 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
149 |
+
]
|
150 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/Hebrew/Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri.json
ADDED
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1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "he",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Terumot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "https://archive.org/details/MishnaCorrectedKaufman00WHOLE",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Mishnah based on the Kaufmann manuscript, edited by Dan Be'eri",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"license": "PD",
|
8 |
+
"digitizedBySefaria": true,
|
9 |
+
"actualLanguage": "he",
|
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+
"languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
|
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+
"isSource": true,
|
12 |
+
"isPrimary": true,
|
13 |
+
"direction": "rtl",
|
14 |
+
"heTitle": "משנה תרומות",
|
15 |
+
"categories": [
|
16 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
17 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
18 |
+
],
|
19 |
+
"text": [
|
20 |
+
[
|
21 |
+
"<small>א</small>\nחֲמִשָּׁה לֹא יִתְרֹמוּ, \nוְאִם תָּרָמוּ, אֵין תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה: \nהַחֵרֵשׁ וְהַשּׁוֹטֶה וְהַקָּטָן, \nוְהַתּוֹרֵם אֶת שֶׁאֵינוּ שֶׁלּוֹ, \nנָכְרִי שֶׁתָּרַם אֶת שֶׁלְּיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲפִלּוּ בִרְשׁוּת, \nאֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. \n",
|
22 |
+
"<small>ב</small>\nחֵרֵשׁ הַמְדַבֵּר וְאֵינוּ שׁוֹמֵעַ לֹא יִתְרֹם. \nאִם תָּרַם, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. \nחֵרֵשׁ שֶׁדִּבְּרוּ חֲכָמִים בְּכָל מָקוֹם, \nשֶׁאֵינוּ לֹא שׁוֹמֵעַ וְלֹא מְדַבֵּר. \n",
|
23 |
+
"<small>ג</small>\nקָטָן שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת, \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nתְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא לְעוֹנַת נְדָרִים, \nאֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה; \nאִם מִשֶּׁבָּא לְעוֹנַת נְדָרִים, \nתְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. \n",
|
24 |
+
"<small>ד</small>\nאֵין תּוֹרְמִין זֵיתִין עַל שֶׁמֶן, \nוְלֹא עֲנָבִים עַל יַיִן. \nוְאִם תָּרַם, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nתְּרוּמַת עַצְמָן בָּהֶן. \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה. \n",
|
25 |
+
"<small>ה</small>\nאֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִן הַלֶּקֶט, מִן הַשִּׁכְחָה וּמִן הַפֵּאָה, \nוּמִן הַהֶבְקֵר, \nוְלֹא מִמַּעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, \nוְלֹא מִמַּעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדּוּ, \nוְלֹא מִן הַחַיָּב עַל הַפָּטוּר, \nוְלֹא מִן הַפָּטוּר עַל הַחַיָּב, \nוְלֹא מִן הַתָּלוּשׁ עַל הַמְחֻבָּר, \nוְלֹא מִן הַמְחֻבָּר עַל הַתָּלוּשׁ, \nוְלֹא מִן הֶחָדָשׁ עַל הַיָּשָׁן, \nוְלֹא מִן הַיָּשָׁן עַל הֶחָדָשׁ, \nוְלֹא מִפֵּרוֹת הָאָרֶץ עַל פֵּרוֹת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, \nוְלֹא מִפֵּרוֹת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ עַל פֵּרוֹת הָאָרֶץ; \nוְאִם תָּרָמוּ, אֵין תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה. <ואם תרם, אין תרומתו>\n",
|
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+
"<small>ו</small>\nחֲמִשָּׁה לֹא יִתְרֹמוּ, \nוְאִם תָּרְמוּ, תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה: \nהָאִלֵּם, וְהַשִּׁכּוֹר, וְהֶעָרֹם, \nוְהַסּוֹמֶה, וּבַעַל קֶרִי, \nלֹא יִתְרֹמוּ, \nוְאִם תָּרָמוּ, תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ז</small>\nאֵין תּוֹרְמִין לֹא בַמִּדָּה וְלֹא בַמִּשְׁקָל וְלֹא בַמִּנְיָן, \nאֲבָל תּוֹרֵם הוּא אֶת הַמָּדוּד וְאֶת הַשָּׁקוּל וְאֶת הַמָּנוּי. \nאֵין תּוֹרְמִין בַּסַּל וּבַקֻּפָּה שֶׁהֵן שֶׁלַמִּדָּה, \nאֲבָל תּוֹרֵם הוּא בָהֶן חֶצְיָן אוֹ שְׁלִישָׁן. \nלֹא יִתְרֹם בִּסְאָה חֶצְיָהּ, \nשֶׁחֶצְיָהּ מִדָּה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ח</small>\nאֵין תּוֹרְמִין שֶׁמֶן עַל זֵיתִים הַנִּכְתָּשִׁים, \nוְלֹא יַיִן עַל עֲנָבִים הַנִּדְרָכוֹת. \nוְאִם תָּרַם תְרוּמָה, יַחְזֹר וְיִתְרֹם. \nהָרִאשׁוֹנָה מְדַמַּעַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, \nוְחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חֹמֶשׁ, \nאֲבָל לֹא שְׁנִיָּה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ט</small>\nוְתוֹרְמִין שֶׁמֶן עַל זֵיתִים הַנִּכְבָּשִׁין, \nוְיַיִן עַל עֲנָבִים לַעֲשׁוֹתָן צִמּוּקִין. \nמִי שֶׁתָּרַם שֶׁמֶן עַל זֵיתִים לַאֲכִילָה, \nוְזֵיתִים עַל זֵיתִים לַאֲכִילָה, \nוְיַיִן עַל עֲנָבִים לַאֲכִילָה, \nוַעֲנָבִים עַל עֲנָבִים לַאֲכִילָה, \nוְנִמְלַךְ לְדָרְכָן, \nאֵינוּ צָרִיךְ לִתְרֹם. \n",
|
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+
"<small>י</small>\nאֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִדָּבָר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ \nעַל דָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ, \nוְלֹא מִדָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ \nעַל דָּבָר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ, \nוְלֹא מִדָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ \nעַל דָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ; \nוְאִם תָּרַם, \nתְּרוּמָתוֹ תְּרוּמָה. \n\n\n \n"
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<small>א</small>\nאֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִן הַטָּהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא; \nוְאִם תָּרָמוּ, תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה. \nבֶּאֱמֶת, הָעִגּוּל שֶׁלִּדְבֵלָה שֶׁנִּטַּמָּא מִקְצָתוֹ, \nתּוֹרֵם מִן הַטָּהוֹר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ עַל הַטָּמֵא שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ. \nוְכֵן אֲגֻדָּה שֶׁלַּיָּרָק, וְכֵן עֲרֵמָה. \nהָיוּ שְׁנֵי עִגּוּלִין, שְׁתֵּי אֲגֻדּוֹת, שְׁתֵּי עֲרֵמוֹת, \nאַחַת טְמֵאָה וְאַחַת טְהוֹרָה, \nלֹא יִתְרֹם מִזֶּה עַל זֶה. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nתּוֹרְמִין מִן הַטָּהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ב</small>\nאֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִן הַטָּמֵא עַל הַטָּהוֹר. \nוְאִם תָּרַם, \nשׁוֹגֵג, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה, \nמֵזִיד, לֹא עָשָׂה כְלוּם. \nוְכֵן בֶּן לֵוִי שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ מַעְשֵׂר טֶבֶל, \nהָיָה מַפְרִישׁ עָלָיו וְהוֹלֵךְ, \nשׁוֹגֵג, מַה שֶּׁעָשָׂה עָשׁוּי, \nמֵזִיד, לֹא עָשָׂה כְלוּם. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאִם הָיָה יוֹדֵעַ בּוֹ מִתְּחִלָּה, \nאַף עַל פִּי שׁוֹגֵג, \nלֹא עָשָׂה כְלוּם. \n",
|
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"<small>ג</small>\nהַמַּטְבִּיל כֵּלִים בַּשַּׁבָּת, \nשׁוֹגֵג, יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן, \nמֵזִיד, לֹא יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן. \nהַמְעַשֵּׂר וְהַמְבַשֵּׁל בַּשַּׁבָּת, \nשׁוֹגֵג, יֹאכַל, \nמֵזִיד, לֹא יֹאכַל. \nהַנּוֹטֵעַ בַּשַּׁבָּת, \nשׁוֹגֵג, יְקַיֵּם, \nמֵזִיד, יְעַקֵּר. \nוּבַשְּׁבִיעִית, \nבֵּין שׁוֹגֵג בֵּין מֵזִיד, יַעֲקֹר. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ד</small>\nאֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִמִּין עַל שֶׁאֵינוּ מִינוֹ. \nוְאִם תָּרַם, אֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. \nכָּל מִין חִטִּים אֶחָד. \nכָּל מִין תְּאֵנִים אֶחָד. \nכָּל מִין תְּאֵנִים וּגְרוֹגְרוֹת וּדְבֵלָה אֶחָד, \nוְתוֹרֵם מִזֶּה עַל זֶה. \nכָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ כֹּהֵן, \nתּוֹרֵם מִן הַיָּפֶה. \nכָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵינוּ כֹהֵן, \nתּוֹרֵם מִן הַמִּתְקַיֵּם. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nלְעוֹלָם הוּא תּוֹרֵם מִן הַיָּפֶה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ה</small>\nתּוֹרְמִים בָּצָל קָטָן שָׁלֵם, \nאֲבָל לֹא חֲצִי בָצָל גָּדוֹל. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא כִי, אֶלָּא חֲצִי בָצָל גָּדוֹל. \nוְכֵן הָיָה רְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nתּוֹרְמִים בְּצָלִים בְּנֵי מְדִינָה עַל הַכֻּפְרִים, \nאֲבָל לֹא כֻּפְרִים עַל בְּנֵי מְדִינָה, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַאֲכַל פּוֹלִיטִיקִין. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ו</small>\nוְתוֹרְמִין זֵיתֵי שֶׁמֶן עַל זֵיתֵי כֶבֶשׁ, \nוְלֹא זֵיתֵי כֶבֶשׁ עַל זֵיתֵי שֶׁמֶן. \nוְיַיִן שֶׁאֵינוּ מְבֻשָּׁל עַל הַמְבֻשָּׁל, \nאֲבָל לֹא מְבֻשָּׁל עַל שֶׁאֵינוּ מְבֻשָּׁל. \nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nכָּל שֶׁהוּא כִלְאַיִם בַּחֲבֵרוֹ, \nלֹא יִתְרֹם מִזֶּה עַל זֶה, \nאֲפִלּוּ מִן הַיָּפֶה עַל הָרָע, \nוְעַל שֶׁאֵינוּ כִלְאַיִם בַּחֲבֵרוֹ, \n��ּוֹרֵם מִן הַיָּפֶה עַל הָרָע, \nאֲבָל לֹא מִן הָרָע עַל הַיָּפֶה. \nוְאִם תָּרַם מִן הָרָע עַל הַיָּפֶה, \nתְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה, \nחוּץ מִן הַזּוֹנִים עַל הַחִטִּים, \nשֶׁאֵינָן אֹכֶל. \nוְהַקִּשּׁוּת וְהַמַּלְפְּפוֹנוֹת, מִין אֶחָד. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nשְׁנֵי מִינִים. \n\n\n \n"
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<small>א</small>\nהַתּוֹרֵם קִשּׁוּת וְנִמְצֵאת מָרָה, \nאֲבַטִּיחַ וְנִמְצָא סָרוּחַ, \nתְּרוּמָה, וְיַחְזֹר וְיִתְרֹם. \nהַתּוֹרֵם חָבִית שֶׁלַּיַּיִן וְנִמְצֵאת שֶׁלַּחֹמֶץ, \nאִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁהָיְתָה שֶׁלַּחֹמֶץ עַד שֶׁלֹּא תְרָמָהּ, \nאֵינָה תְּרוּמָה; \nאִם מִשֶּׁתְּרָמָהּ הֶחְמִיצָה, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ תְרוּמָה; \nאִם סָפֵק, \nתְּרוּמָה, וְיַחְזֹר וְיִתְרֹם. \nהָרִאשׁוֹנָה אֵינָה מְדַמַּעַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, \nוְאֵין חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חֹמֶשׁ; \nוְכֵן הַשְּׁנִיָּה. \n",
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"<small>ב</small>\nנָפְלָה אַחַת מֵהֶן לְתוֹךְ הַחֻלִּין, \nאֵינָה מְדַמְּעַתָּן. \nנָפְלָה שְׁנִיָּה לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, \nאֵינָה מְדַמְּעַתָּן. \nנָפְלוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, \nמְדַמְּעוֹת כִּקְטַנָּה שֶׁבִּשְׁתֵּיהֶם. <בִּקְטַנָּה>\n",
|
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+
"<small>ג</small>\nהַשּׁוּתָפִין שֶׁתָּרְמוּ זֶה אַחַר זֶה, \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nתְּרוּמַת שְׁנֵיהֶם תְּרוּמָה. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין תְּרוּמַת הַשֵּׁנִי תְרוּמָה. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאִם תָּרַם הָרִאשׁוֹן כַּשֵּׁעוּר, \nאֵין תְּרוּמַת הַשֵּׁנִי תְרוּמָה, \nוְאִם לֹא תָרַם הָרִאשׁוֹן כַּשֵּׁעוּר, \nתְּרוּמַת הַשֵּׁנִי תְרוּמָה. \n",
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"<small>ד</small>\nבַּמֵּי דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? \nבְּשֶׁלּא דִּבֵּר. \nאֲבָל הִרְשָׁה אֶת בֶּן בֵּיתוֹ, \nאוֹ אֶת עַבְדּוֹ, אוֹ אֶת שִׁפְחָתוֹ לִתְרֹם, \nתְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. \nבִּטֵּל, \nאִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא תָרַם בִּטֵּל, \nאֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה, \nוְאִם מִשֶּׁתָּרַם בִּטֵּל, \nתְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. \nהַפּוֹעֲלִים, אֵין לָהֶם רְשׁוּת לִתְרֹם, \nחוּץ מִן הַדְּרוּכוֹת, \nשֶׁהֵן מְטַמִּין אֶת הַגַּת מִיָּד. \n",
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+
"<small>ה</small>\nהָאוֹמֵר: \n\"תְּרוּמַת הַכָּרִי זֶה בְתוֹכוֹ, \nוּמַעְשְׂרוֹתָיו בְּתוֹכוֹ, \nוּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר זֶה בְתוֹכוֹ\", \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nקָרָא שֵׁם. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nעַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר: \n\"בִּצְפוֹנוֹ וּבִדְרוֹמוֹ\". \nרְבִּי אֶלְעָזָר חֲסָמָה אוֹמֵר: \nהָאוֹמֵר: \n\"תְּרוּמַת כָּרִי מִמֶּנּוּ עָלָיו\", \nקָרָא שֵׁם. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: \nהָאוֹמֵר: \n\"עִשּׂוּר מַעֲשֵׂר זֶה עָשׁוּי תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר עָלָיו\", \nקָרָא שֵׁם. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ו</small>\nהַמַּקְדִּים תְּרוּמָה לַבִּכּוּרִים, \nמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לַתְּרוּמָה, \nוּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא עוֹבֵר בְּ'לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה', \nמַה שֶּׁעָשָׂה עָשׁוּי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (שְׁמוֹת כב,כח) \n\"מְלֵאָתְךָ וְדִמְעֲךָ לֹא תְאַחֵר\". \n",
|
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+
"<small>ז</small>\nוּמְנַיִן שֶׁיְּקַדְּמוּ בִכּוּרִים לִתְרוּמָה? \nזֶה קָרוּי תְּרוּמָה וְרֵאשִׁית, \nוְזֶה קָרוּי תְּרוּמָה וְרֵאשִׁית! \nאֶלָּא יְקַדְּמוּ הַבִּכּוּרִים, שֶׁהֵן בִּכּוּרִים לַכֹּל, \nוּתְרוּמָה לָרִאשׁוֹן, שֶׁהִיא רֵאשִׁית, \nוּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לַשֵּׁנִי, שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ רֵאשִׁית. \n",
|
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+
"<small>��</small>\nהַמִּתְכַּוֵּן לוֹמַר \"תְּרוּמָה\", וְאָמַר \"מַעֲשֵׂר\", \n\"מַעֲשֵׂר\", וְאָמַר \"תְּרוּמָה\", \n\"עוֹלָה\", וְאָמַר \"שְׁלָמִים\", \n\"שְׁלָמִים\", וְאָמַר \"עוֹלָה\", \n\"שֶׁינִי נִכְנָס לַבַּיִת הַזֶּה\", וְאָמַר \"לָזֶה\", \n\"שֶׁינִי נֶהְנֶה לָזֶה\", וְאָמַר \"לָזֶה\", \nלֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם, \nעַד שֶׁיְּהֵא פִיו וְלִבּוֹ שָׁוִים. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ט</small>\nהַנָּכְרִי וְהַכּוּתִי, \nתְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה, \nוּמַעְשְׂרוֹתֵיהֶן מַעֲשֵׂר, <ומעשרותן>\nוְהֶקְדֵּשָׁן הֶקְדֵּשׁ. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין לַנָּכְרִי כֶרֶם רְבָעִי. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nיֶשׁ לוֹ. \nתְּרוּמַת הַנָּכְרִי מְדַמַּעַת, וְחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חֹמֶשׁ. \nוּרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר. \n\n\n \n"
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<small>א</small>\nהַמַּפְרִישׁ מִקְצָת תְּרוּמָה וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת, \nמוֹצִיא מִמֶּנּוּ תְרוּמָה עָלָיו, \nאֲבָל לֹא לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: \nאַף מוֹצִיא הוּא מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר תְּרוּמָה וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ב</small>\nמִי שֶׁהָיוּ פֵרוֹתָיו בַּמְּגוֹרָה, \nוְנָתַן סְאָה לְבֶן לֵוִי וּסְאָה לֶעָנִי, \nוּמַפְרִישׁ עוֹד שְׁמוֹנַת סְאִים וְאוֹכְלָן. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינוּ מַפְרִישׁ אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ג</small>\nשֵׁעוּר תְּרוּמָה: \nעַיִן יָפָה, [אֶחָד] מֵאַרְבָּעִים. \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹמְרִים: \nמִשְּׁלֹשִׁים. \nוְהַבֵּינוֹנִית, מֵחֲמִשִּׁים, \nוְהָרָעָה, מִשִּׁשִּׁים. \nתָּרַם וְעָלָה בְיָדוֹ אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים, \nתְּרוּמָה, אֵינוּ צָרִיךְ לִתְרֹם. \nחָזַר וְהוֹסִיף, חַיָּב בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. \nעָלָה בְיָדוֹ מִשִּׁשִּׁים וְאֶחָד, \nתְּרוּמָה, יַחְזֹר וְיִתְרֹם כְּמוֹת שֶׁהוּא לָמוּד, <לִמּוּד>\nבַּמִּדָּה וּבַמִּשְׁקָל וּבַמִּנְיָן. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: <יודה>\nשֶׁלֹּא מִן הַמֻּקָּף. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ד</small>\nהָאוֹמֵר לִשְׁלוּחוֹ: \n\"צֵא וּתְרֹם!\" \nתּוֹרֵם בְּדַעְתּוֹ שֶׁלְּבַעַל הַבַּיִת. \nוְאִם אֵינוּ יוֹדֵעַ דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁלְּבַעַל הַבַּיִת, \nתּוֹרֵם בַּבֵּינוֹנִית אֶחָד מֵחֲמִשִּׁים. \nפָּחַת עֲשָׂרָה אוֹ הוֹסִיף עֲשָׂרָה, \nתְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. \nאִם נִתְכַּוַּן לְהוֹסִיף אֲפִלּוּ אֶחָד, \nאֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ה</small>\nהַמַּרְבֶּה בִתְרוּמָה, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nאֶחָד מֵעֲשָׂרָה, כִּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר. \nיָתֵר מִכֵּן, יַעֲשֶׂנָּה תְרוּמַת מַעְשֵׂר, \nאֲבָל לֹא מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר. \nרְבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: \nמַחְצָה חֻלִּין וּמַחְצָה תְרוּמָה. \nרְבִּי טַרְפוֹן וּרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמְרִים: \nעַד שֶׁיְּשַׁיֵּר שָׁם חֻלִּין. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ו</small>\nבִּשְׁלֹשָׁה פְרָקִים מְשַׁעֲרִים אֶת הַכַּלְכַּלָּה: \nבַּבַּכּוֹרוֹת וּבִסְיָפוֹת וּבְאֶמְצַע הַקַּיִץ. \nהַמּוֹנֶה מְשֻׁבָּח, \nוְהַמּוֹדֵד מְשֻׁבָּח מִמֶּנּוּ, \nוְהַשּׁוֹקֵל מְשֻׁבָּח מִשְּׁלָשְׁתָּן. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ז</small>\nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nתְּרוּמָה עוֹלָה בְמֵאָה וְאֶחָד. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nבְּמֵאָה וָעוֹד. \n\"וָעוֹד\" זֶה, אֵין לוֹ שֵׁעוּר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה בֶן מְשֻׁלָּם אוֹמֵר: \n\"וָעוֹד\" קַב לְמֵאָה סְאָה, \nשְׁתוּת לִמְדַמֵּעַ. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ח</small>\nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nתְּאֵנִים שְׁחוֹרוֹת מַעֲלוֹת אֶת הַלְּבָנוֹת, \nוְהַלְּבָנוֹת מַעֲלוֹת אֶת הַשְּׁחוֹרוֹת. <לבנות>\nעִגּוּלֵי דְבֵלָה, \nהַגְּדוֹלִים מַעֲלִים אֶת הַקְּטַנִּים, \nוְהַקְּטַנִּים מַעֲלִים אֶת הַגְּדוֹלִים. \nהַעִגּוּלִים מַעֲלִין אֶת הַמַּלְבְּנִים, \nוְהַמַּלְבְּנִים מַעֲלִין אֶת הַעִגּוּלִים. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר. \nוּרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nבַּיָּדוּעַ מַה נָּפְלָה, \nאֵין מַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ, \nוּבְשֶׁאֵינוּ יָדוּעַ מַה נָּפְלָה, \nמַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ט</small>\nכֵּיצַד? \nחֲמִשִּׁים תְּאֵנִים שְׁחוֹרוֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁים לְבָנוֹת: \nנָפְלָה שְׁחוֹרָה, \nשְׁחוֹרוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת וּלְבָנוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת; \nנָפְלָה לְבָנָה, \nלְבָנוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת וּשְׁחוֹרוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת; \nבְּשֶׁאֵינוּ יָדוּעַ מַה נָּפְלָה, \nמַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. \nוּבָזוֹ רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַחְמִיר, \nוּרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מֵקֵל. \n",
|
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+
"<small>י</small>\nוּבָזוֹ רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מֵקֵל וּרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מַחְמִיר: \nבַּדּוֹרֵס לִטְרָא קְצִיעוֹת עַל פִּי הַכַּד, \nוְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זוֹ הִיא, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nרוֹאִין אוֹתָן כְּאִלּוּ הֵן פְּרוּדוֹת, <כילו>\nהַתַּחְתּוֹנוֹת מַעֲלוֹת אֶת הָעֶלְיוֹנוֹת. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא תַעֲלֶה עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא שָׁם מֵאָה כַד. \n",
|
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+
"<small>יא</small>\nסְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה עַל פִּי מְגוֹרָה וּקְפָיָהּ, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nאִם יֵשׁ בַּקָּפוּי, תַּעֲלֶה בְאֶחָד וּמֵאָה. \nוּרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא תַעֲלֶה. \nסְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה עַל פִּי מְגוֹרָה, \nיִקְּפֶנָּה. \nוְאִם כֵּן, לָמָּה אָמְרוּ: \nתְּרוּמָה עוֹלָה בְמֵאָה וְאֶחָד? \nבְּשֶׁאֵינוּ יָדוּעַ אִם בְּלוּלוֹת הֵן, <ואם אינו>\nאוֹ לְאַיִן נָפְלָה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>יב</small>\nשְׁתֵּי קֻפּוֹת, שְׁתֵּי מְגוֹרוֹת, \nשֶׁנָּפְלָה סְאָה תְרוּמָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶן, \nוְאֵין יָדוּעַ לְאֵי זוֹ מֵהֶן נָפְלָה, \nמַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nאֲפִלּוּ הֵן בִּשְׁתֵּי עֲיָרוֹת, \nמַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. \n",
|
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+
"<small>יג</small>\nאָמַר רְבִּי יוֹסֵה: \nמַעֲשֶׂה בָא לִפְנֵי רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה, \nבַּחֲמִשִּׁים אֲגֻדּוֹת שֶׁלַּיָּרָק, \nשֶׁנָּפְלָה אַחַת מֵהֶן לְתוֹכָן חֶצְיָהּ תְּרוּמָה, \nוְאָמַרְתִּי לְפָנָיו: \nתַּעֲלֶה, \nלֹא שֶׁהַתְּרוּמָה עוֹלָה בַּחֲמִשִּׁים וְאֶחָד, \nאֶלָּא שֶׁהָיוּ שָׁם מֵאָה וּשְׁנֵי חֲצָיִים. \n\n\n \n"
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<small>א</small>\nסְאָה תְרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוּת מִמֵּאָה חֻלִּין, \nאוֹ לְמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן, אוֹ לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אוֹ לַהֶקְדֵּשׁ, \nבֵּין טְמֵאִים בֵּין טְהוֹרִים יִרְקָבוּ. \nאִם טְהוֹרָה הָיְתָה אוֹתָהּ הַסְּאָה, \nיִמָּכְרוּ לַכֹּהֲנִים בִּדְמֵי תְרוּמָה, \nחוּץ מִדְּמֵי אוֹתָהּ סְאָה. \nוְאִם לְמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן נָפְלָה, \nיִקְרָא שֵׁם לִתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר. \nוְאִם לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וּלְהֶקְדֵּשׁ נָפְלָה, \nהֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִפָּדוּ. \nוְאִם טְמֵאִים הָיוּ אוֹתָן הַחֻלִּין, \nיֵאָכֵלוּ נִקּוּדִים אוֹ קָלִיּוֹת, \nאוֹ יִלּוֹשׁוּ בְמֵי פֵרוֹת, \nאוֹ יִתְחַלְּקוּ לָעִסּוֹת, \nכְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בְמָקוֹם אֶחָד כַּבֵּיצָה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ב</small>\nסְאָה תְרוּמָה טְמֵאָה, \nשֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה חֻלִּין טְהוֹרִים, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: <ליעזר>\nתֵּרוֹם וְתִשָּׂרֵף. \nשֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר: <שני>\nסְאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה הִיא סְאָה שֶׁעָלַת. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nתַּעֲלֶה וְתֵאָכֵל נִקּוּדִים אוֹ קָלִיּוֹת, \nאוֹ תִלּוֹשׂ בְּמֵי פֵרוֹת, \nאוֹ תִתְחַלֵּק לָעִסּוֹת, \nכְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵי בְמָקוֹם אֶחָד כַּבֵּיצָה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ג</small>\nסְאָה תְרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה חֻלִּין טְמֵאִים, \nתַּעֲלֶה וְתֵאָכֵל נִקּוּדִים אוֹ קָלִיּוֹת, \nאוֹ תִלּוֹשׂ בְּמֵי פֵרוֹת, \nאוֹ תִתְחַלֵּק לָעִסּוֹת, \nכְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בְמָקוֹם אֶחָד כַּבֵּיצָה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ד</small>\nסְאָה תְרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה, \nבֵּית שַׁמַּי אוֹסְרִין, \nוּבֵית הֶלֵּל מַתִּירִין. \nאָמְרוּ בֵית הֶלֵּל לְבֵית שַׁמַּי: \nהוֹאִיל וּטְהוֹרָה אֲסוּרָה לַזָּרִים, \nוְאַף טְמֵאָה אֲסוּרָה לַכֹּהֲנִים, \nמַה טְּהוֹרָה עוֹלָה, \nאַף טְמֵאָה תַעֲלֶה! \nאָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּי: \nלֹא! אִם הֶעֱלוּ הַחֻלִּים הַקַּלִּים, \nהַמֻּתָּרִים לַזָּרִים, אֶת הַטְּהוֹרָה, \nתַּעֲלֶה תְרוּמָה חֲמוּרָה, \nהָאֲסוּרָה לַזָּרִים, אֶת הַטְּמֵאָה? \nלְאַחַר שֶׁהוֹדוּ, \nרֶבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nתֵּרוֹם וְתִשָּׂרֵף. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאָבְדָה בְּמִעוּטָהּ. \n",
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+
"<small>ה</small>\nסְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, \nהִגְבִּיהָהּ וְנָפְלָה לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nמְדַמַּעַת כִּתְרוּמָה וַדַּי. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵינָה מְדַמַּעַת אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ו</small>\nסְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוּת מִמֵּאָה וְנִדְמָעוּ, \nוְנָפַל מִן הַמְדֻמָּע לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nמְדַמַּעַת כִּתְרוּמָה וַדַּי. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nאֵין מְדֻמָּע מַדְמִיעַ אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן, \nוְאֵין הַמְחֻמָּץ מַחֲמִיץ אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן, <מַחָמֶץ>\nוְאֵין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין פּוֹסְלִין אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ז</small>\nסְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, \nהִגְבִּיהָהּ וְנָפְלָה אַחֶרֶת, \nהִגְבִּיהָהּ וְנָפְלָה אַחֶרֶת, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת, \nעַד שֶׁתַּרְבֶּה תְרוּמָה לַחֻלִּין. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ח</small>\nסְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, \nוְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לְהַגְבִּיהָהּ עַד שֶׁנָּפְלָה אַחֶרֶת, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה. \nוּרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ט</small>\nסְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, \nוּטְחָנָן וּפָחֲתוּ, \nכַּשֵּׁם שֶׁפָּחֲתוּ הַחֻלִּין, \nכָּךְ פָּחֲתָה תְרוּמָה, \nמֻתָּר. \nסְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוּת מִמֵּאָה, \nוּטְחָנָן וְהוֹתִירוּ, \nכַּשֵּׁם שֶׁהוֹתִירוּ הַחֻלִּין, \nכָּךְ הוֹתִירָה תְרוּמָה, \nאָסוּר. \nאִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁחִטִּים שֶׁלַּחֻלִּין יָפוֹת מִשֶּׁלִּתְרוּמָה, \nמֻתָּר. \nסְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוּת מִמֵּאָה, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפְלוּ שָׁם חֻלִּין, \nאִם שׁוֹגֵג, מֻתָּר, \nוְאִם מֵזִיד, אָסוּר. \n\n\n \n"
|
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],
|
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+
[
|
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+
"<small>א</small>\nהָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמָה שׁוֹגֵג, \nמְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ. \nאֶחָד הָאוֹכֵל וְאֶחָד הַשּׁוֹתֶה וְאֶחָד הַסָּךְ, \nאֶחָד תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה וְאֶחָד תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה, \nמְשַׁלֵּם חֻמְשָׁהּ וְחֹמֶשׁ חֻמְשָׁהּ. \nאֵינוּ מְשַׁלֵּם תְּרוּמָה אֶלָּא חֻלִּים מְתֻקָּנִים, \nוְהֵם נֶעֱשִׂים תְּרוּמָה, \nוְהַתַּשְׁלוּמִין תְּרוּמָה. \nאִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, \nאֵינוּ מוֹחֵל. \n",
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+
"<small>ב</small>\nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁאָכְלָה תְרוּמָה, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ נִשֵּׂאת לַכֹּהֵן, \nאִם תְּרוּמָה שֶׁלֹּא זָכָה בָהּ כֹּהֵן אָכְלָה, \nמְשַׁלֶּמֶת קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ לְעַצְמָהּ; \nאִם תְּרוּמָה שֶׁזָּכָה בָהּ כֹּהֵן אָכְלָה, \nמְשַׁלֶּמֶת קֶרֶן לַבְּעָלִים וְחֹמֶשׁ לְעַצְמָהּ, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ: \nהָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמָה שׁוֹגֵג, \nמְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן לַבְּעָלִים, \nוְחֹמֶשׁ לְמִי שֶׁיִּרְצֶה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ג</small>\nהַמַּאֲכִיל אֶת פּוֹעֲלָיו וְאֶת אוֹרְחָיו תְּרוּמָה, \nהוּא מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן, \nוְהֵן מְשַׁלְּמִין אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nהֵן מְשַׁלְּמִין קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, \nוְהוּא מְשַׁלֵּם לָהֶן דְּמֵי סְעוּדָתָן. \n",
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"<small>ד</small>\nהַגּוֹנֵב תְּרוּמָה וְלֹא אֲכָלָהּ, \nמְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי כֶפֶל דְּמֵי תְרוּמָה. \nאֲכָלָהּ, \nמְשַׁלֵּם שְׁנֵי קְרָנִים וְחֹמֶשׁ: \nקֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ מִן הַחֻלִּין, \nוְקֶרֶן דְּמֵי תְרוּמָה. \nגָּנַב תְּרוּמַת הֶקְדֵּשׁ וַאֲכָלָהּ, <תְּרוּמַה>\nמְשַׁלֵּם שְׁנֵי חֳמָשִׁין וְקֶרֶן, \nשֶׁאֵין בַּהֶקְדֵּשׁ תַּשְׁלוּמֵי כָפֶל. \n",
|
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"<small>ה</small>\nאֵין מְשַׁלְּמִין מִן הַלֶּקֶט, מִן הַשִּׁכְחָה, \nוּמִן הַפֵּאָה וּמִן הַהֶבְקֵר, \nוְלֹא מִמַּעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, \nוְלֹא מִמַּעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, \nשֶׁאֵין הַקֹּדֶשׁ פּוֹדֶה אֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין בָּאֵלּוּ. \n",
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"<small>ו</small>\nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nמְשַׁלְּמִין מִמִּין עַל שֶׁאֵינוּ מִינוֹ, \nוּבִלְבַד שֶׁיְּשַׁלֵּם מִן הַיָּפֶה עַל הָרָע. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nאֵין מְשַׁלְּמִין אֶלָּא מִמִּין עַל מִינוֹ. \n\n<small>ז</small>\nלְפִיכָךְ אִם אָכַל קִשּׁוּאִים שֶׁלְּעֶרֶב שְׁבִיעִית, \nיַמְתִּין לַקִּשּׁוּאִים שֶׁלְּמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית, \nוִישַׁלֵּם מֵהֶם. \nמְקוֹם שֶׁרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מֵקֵל, \nמִשָּׁם רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה מַחְמִיר, \nשֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: (וַיִּקְרָא כב,יד) \n\"וְנָתַן לַכֹּהֵן אֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ\", \nכָּל שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי לְהֵעָשׂוֹת קֹדֶשׁ. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \n\"וְנָתַן לַכֹּהֵן אֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ\", קֹדֶשׁ שֶׁאָכַל. \n\n\n\n"
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],
|
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[
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"<small>א</small>\nהָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמָה מֵזִיד, \nמְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן, \nאֵינוּ מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, \nוְהַתַּשְׁלוּמִין חֻלִּין. \nאִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, מוֹחֵל. \n",
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+
"<small>ב</small>\nבַּת כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, \nוְאַחַר כָּךְ אָכְלָה תְרוּמָה, \nמְשַׁלֶּמֶת אֶת הַקֶּרֶן, \nוְאֵינָהּ מְשַׁלֶּמֶת אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, \nוּמִיתָתָהּ בִּשְׂרִיפָה. \nנִשֵּׂאת לְאֶחָד מִכָּל הַפְּסוּלִין, \nמְשַׁלֶּמֶת הַקֶּרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, \nוּמִיתָתָהּ בְּחָנֵק. \n��ִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nוַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: \nזוֹ וָזוֹ מְשַׁלֶּמֶת אֶת הַקֶּרֶן, \nוְאֵינָה מְשַׁלֶּמֶת אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, \nוּמִיתָתָן בִּשְׂרִיפָה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ג</small>\nהַמַּאֲכִיל אֶת בָּנָיו קְטַנִּים, \nוְאֶת עֲבָדָיו בֵּין גְּדוֹלִים וּבֵין קְטַנִּים, \nהָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, \nהָאוֹכֵל פָּחוּת מִכַּזַּיִת תְּרוּמָה, \nמְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן, \nוְאֵינוּ מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, \nוְהַתַּשְׁלוּמִין חֻלִּין. \nאִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, מוֹחֵל. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ד</small>\nזֶה הַכְּלָל: \nכָּל הַמְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, \nהַתַּשְׁלוּמִין תְּרוּמָה; \nאִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, אֵינוּ מוֹחֵל. \nוְכָל הַמְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן וְאֵינוּ מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, \nהַתַּשְׁלוּמִין חֻלִּין; \nאִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, מוֹחֵל. \n",
|
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"<small>ה</small>\nשְׁתֵּי קֻפּוֹת, \nאַחַת שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה וְאַחַת שֶׁלַּחֻלִּין, \nשֶׁנָּפְלָה סְאָה תְרוּמָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶן, \nוְאֵין יָדוּעַ לְאֵי זוֹ מֵהֶן נָפְלָה, \nהֲרֵי אֲנִי אוֹמֵר: <הוא>\nלְתוֹךְ שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה נָפְלָה. \nוְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זוֹ הִיא שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה וְאֵי זוֹ הִיא שֶׁלַּחֻלִּין, \n\n<small>ו</small>\nאָכַל אַחַת מֵהֶן, \nפָּטוּר; \nוְהַשְּׁנִיָּה, \nנוֹהֵג בָּהּ כִּתְרוּמָה, וְחַיֶּבֶת בַּחַלָּה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה פוֹטֵר. \nאָכַל אַחֵר אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה, \nפָּטוּר. \nאָכַל אֶחָד אֶת שְׁתֵּיהֶן, \nמְשַׁלֵּם כִּקְטַנָּה שֶׁבִּשְׁתֵּיהֶם. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ז</small>\nנָפְלָה אַחַת מֵהֶן לְתוֹךְ הַחֻלִּין, \nוְאֵינָה מְדַמְּעַתָּן, \nוְהַשְּׁנִיָּה, \nנוֹהֵג בָּהּ כִּתְרוּמָה, וְחַיֶּבֶת בַּחַלָּה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה פוֹטֵר. \nנָפְלָה שְׁנִיָּה לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, \nאֵינָה מְדַמְּעַתָּהּ. <מדמעתן> \nנָפְלוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, \nמְדַמְּעוֹת כִּקְטַנָּה שֶׁבִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ח</small>\nזָרַע אֶת אַחַת מֵהֶן, \nפָּטוּר, \nוְהַשְּׁנִיָּה, \nנוֹהֵג בָּהּ כִּתְרוּמָה, וְחַיֶּבֶת בַּחַלָּה. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי מֵאִיר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה פוֹטֵר. \nזָרַע אַחֵר אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה, \nפָּטוּר. \nזָרַע אֶחָד אֶת שְׁתֵּיהֶן, \nדָּבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה, מֻתָּר, \nוְדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, אָסוּר. \n\n\n \n"
|
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+
],
|
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+
[
|
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"<small>א</small>\nהָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָיְתָה אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה, <שאכלה>\nבָּאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ \"מֵת בַּעְלִיךְ\", \nאוֹ \"גֵּרְשֵׁךְ\"; \nוְכֵן הָעֶבֶד שֶׁהָיָה אוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמָה, \nבָּאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ \"מֵת רַבָּךְ\", \nאוֹ \"מְכָרָךְ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל\", \nאוֹ \"נְתָנָךְ מַתָּנָה\", \nאוֹ \"עֲשָׂאָךְ בֶּן חוֹרִין\"; \nוְכֵן כֹּהֵן שֶׁהָיָה אוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמָה, \nוְנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בֶן גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ בֶן חֲלוּצָה, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְחַיֵּב קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פּוֹטֵר. \nהָיָה עוֹמֵד וּמַקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, \nוְנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בֶן גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ בֶן חֲלוּצָה, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת שֶׁהִקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, \nפְּסוּלִים. \nוּרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מַכְשִׁיר. \nנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בַּעַל מוּם, \nעֲבוֹדָתוֹ פְסוּלָה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ב</small>\nוְכֻלָּם ש��ֶהָיְתָה תְרוּמָה לְתוֹךְ פִּיהֶם, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nיִבְלָעוּ. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nיִפְלֹטוּ. \nאָמְרוּ לוֹ: \n\"נִטְמֵאתָ\", \"נִטַּמַּת תְּרוּמָה\", \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nיִבְלַע. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nיִפְלֹט. <יִפְלוֹטוּ> \nאִם \"טָמֵא הָיִיתָ\", וּ\"טְמֵאָה הָיְתָה תְרוּמָה\", \nאוֹ נוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא טֶבֶל, \nאוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, \nאוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדּוּ, \nאוֹ שֶׁטָּעַם טַעַם פְּשֵׁפֵשׁ לְתוֹךְ פִּיהוּ, \nהֲרֵי זֶה יִפְלֹט. \n",
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"<small>ג</small>\nהָיָה אוֹכֵל בָּאֶשְׁכּוֹל, \nוְנִכְנַס מִן הַגִּנָּה לֶחָצֵר, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nיִגְמֹר. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא יִגְמֹר. \nחָשֵׁכָה לֵילֵי שַׁבָּת, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nלֹא יִגְמֹר. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nיִגְמֹר. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ד</small>\nיַיִן שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה שֶׁנִּתְגַּלָּה, \nיִשָּׁפֵךְ, \nוְאֵין צֹרֶךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁלַּחֻלִּים. \nשְׁלֹשָׁה מַשְׁקִין אֲסוּרִין מִשֵּׁם גִּלּוּי: \nהַמַּיִם וְהַיַּיִן וְהֶחָלָב. \nוּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין מֻתָּרִים. \nכַּמָּה יִשְׁהוּ וִיהוּ אֲסוּרִין? \nכְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּצֵא הָרַחַשׁ מִמָּקוֹם קָרוֹב וְיִשְׁתֶּה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ה</small>\nשֵׁעוּר הַמַּיִם הַמְגֻלִּין: \nכְּדֵי שֶׁתֹּאבַד בָּהֶן הַמָּרָה. <המידה> \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nבַּכֵּלִים, כָּל שֶׁהֵן, \nוּבַקַּרְקָעוֹת, אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ו</small>\nנִקּוּרֵי תְאֵנִים, \nוַעֲנָבִים, \nהַקִּשּׁוּאִים, \nוְהַדִּלּוּעִים, \nוְהָאֲבַטִּיחִים, \nוְהַמַּלְפְּפוֹנוֹת, \nאֲפִלּוּ הֵן בַּכַּד, \nאֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, \nאֶחָד תָּלוּשׁ וְאֶחָד מְחֻבָּר, \nכָּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ לֵחָה, אָסוּר. \nוּנְשִׁיכַת הַנָּחָשׁ אֲסוּרָה, \nמִפְּנֵי סַכָּנַת נְפָשׁוֹת. ",
|
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+
"הַמְשַׁמֶּרֶת שֶׁלַּיַּיִן אֲסוּרָה מִשּׁוּם גִּלּוּי. \nרְבִּי נְחֶמְיָה מַתִּיר. \n",
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+
"<small>ז</small>\nחָבִית שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה שֶׁנּוֹלַד לָהּ סְפֵק טֻמְאָה, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nאִם הָיְתָה מֻנַּחַת בִּמְקוֹם הַתָּרְפָּה, \nיַנִּיחֶנָּה בִמְקוֹם הַמֻּצְנָע; \nאִם הָיְתָה מְגֻלָּה, יְכַסֶּנָּה. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nאִם הָיְתָה מֻנַּחַת בִּמְקוֹם הַמֻּצְנָע, \nיַנִּיחֶנָּה בִמְקוֹם הַתָּרְפָּה; <התרופה>\nאִם הָיְתָה מְכֻסָּה, \nיְגַלֶּנָּה. \nרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: \nאַל יְחַדֵּשׁ בָּהּ דָּבָר. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ח</small>\nחָבִית שֶׁנִּשְׁבָּרָה בַגַּת הָעֶלְיוֹנָה, <בְּגַת>\nהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה טְמֵאָה, \nמוֹדֶה רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וּרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, \nשֶׁאִם יָכוֹל לְהַצִּיל מִמֶּנָּה רְבִיעִית בְּטַהֲרָה, \nיַצִּיל, \nוְאִם לָאו, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nתֵּרֵד וְתִטַּמָּא, \nוְאַל יְטַמְּאֶנָּה בְיָדָיו. \n",
|
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+
"<small>ט</small>\nוְכֵן חָבִית שֶׁלַּשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁנִּשְׁפָּכָה, \nמוֹדֶה רְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וּרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, \nשֶׁאִם יָכוֹל לְהַצִּיל מִמֶּנָּה רְבִיעִית בְּטַהֲרָה, \nיַצִּיל, \nוְאִם לָאו, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nתֵּרֵד וְתִבָּלַע, \nוְאַל יְבַלְּעֶנָּה בְיָדָיו. \n",
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+
"<small>י</small>\nעַל זוֹ וְעַל זוֹ אָמַר רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \nלֹא זו�� הִיא תְּרוּמָה שֶׁאֲנִי מֻזְהָר עָלֶיהָ מִלְּטַמְּאָהּ, <שני>\nאֶלָּא מִלְּאָכְלָהּ. \nוּבַל תְּטַמְּאָהּ כֵּיצַד? <כיצד מחוק>\nהָיָה עוֹבֵר מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם, \nוְכִכָּרוֹת שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה בְיָדוֹ, \nאָמַר לוֹ נָכְרִי: \n\"תֶּן לִי אַחַת מֵהֶן וַאֲטַמֵּא, \nוְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי אֲנִי מְטַמֵּא אֶת כֻּלָּם\", \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: \nיְטַמֵּא אֶת כֻּלָּם, \nוְאַל יִתֵּן לוֹ אַחַת מֵהֶן. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: \nיַנִּיחַ לְפָנָיו אַחַת עַל הַסֶּלַע. \n",
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"<small>יא</small>\nוְכֵן נָשִׁים שֶׁאָמְרוּ לָהֶם גּוֹיִם: \nתְּנוּ לָנוּ אַחַת מִכֶּם וּנְטַמֵּא, \nוְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי אָנוּ מְטַמְּאִין אֶת כֻּלְּכֶם, \nיְטַמְּאוּ אֶת כֻּלָּם, \nוְאַל יִמְסְרוּ לָהֶם נֶפֶשׁ אַחַת מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל. \n\n\n \n"
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],
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[
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"<small>א</small>\nהַזּוֹרֵעַ תְּרוּמָה, \nשׁוֹגֵג, יוֹפַךְ, \nמֵזִיד, יְקַיֵּם. \nאִם הֵבִיאָה שָׁלִישׁ, \nבֵּין שׁוֹגֵג בֵּין מֵזִיד, יְקַיֵּם. \nוּבַפִּשְׁתָּן, \nמֵזִיד, יוֹפַךְ. \n",
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"<small>ב</small>\nוְחַיֶּבֶת בַּלֶּקֶט וּבַשִּׁכְחָה וּבַפֵּאָה, \nוַעֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַעֲנִיֵּי כֹהֲנִים מְלַקְּטִים, \nוַעֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל מוֹכְרִין אֶת שֶׁלָּהֶן לַכֹּהֲנִים \nבִּדְמֵי תְרוּמָה, וְהַדָּמִין שֶׁלָּהֶן. \nאָמַר רְבִּי טַרְפוֹן: \nלֹא יְלַקְּטוּ אֶלָּא עֲנִיֵּי כֹהֲנִים, \nשֶׁמֵּא יִשְׁכְּחוּ וְיִתְּנוּ לְתוֹךְ פִּיהֶם. \nאָמַר לוֹ רְבִּי עֲקִיבָה: \nאִם כֵּן, \nלֹא יְלַקְּטוּ אֶלָּא טְהוֹרִים. \n",
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"<small>ג</small>\nוְחַיֶּבֶת בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וּבְמַעְשַׂר עָנִי, <וּבְמַעְשֵׂר>\nוַעֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַעֲנִיֵּי כֹהֲנִים נוֹטְלִים, \nוַעֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל מוֹכְרִין אֶת שֶׁלָּהֶן לַכֹּהֲנִים בִּדְמֵי תְרוּמָה, \nוְהַדָּמִים שֶׁלָּהֶן. \nהַחוֹבֵט מְשֻׁבָּח. \nוְהַדָּשׁ, כֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה? \nתּוֹלֶה כְפֵיפוֹת בְּצַוְּארֵי בְהֵמָה, \nוְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָן מֵאוֹתוֹ הַמִּין. \nנִמְצָא לֹא זוֹמֵם אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה, \nוְלֹא מַאֲכִיל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. \n",
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"<small>ד</small>\nגִּדּוּלֵי תְרוּמָה, תְּרוּמָה, \nוְגִּדּוּלֵי גִדּוּלִים, חֻלִּים. \nאֲבָל הַטֶּבֶל, \nוּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן, \nוּסְפִיחֵי שְׁבִיעִית, \nוּתְרוּמַת חוּץ לָאָרֶץ, \nוְהַמְדֻמָּע, \nוְהַבִּכּוּרִים, \nגִּדּוּלֵיהֶם חֻלִּין. \nגִּדּוּלֵי הֶקְדֵּשׁ וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, חֻלִּים, \nוּפוֹדֶה אוֹתָם בִּזְמַן זַרְעָן. <זְרָעָן>\n",
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"<small>ה</small>\nמֵאָה לִגְנָה שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה וְאַחַת שֶׁלַּחֻלִּים, \nכֻּלָּם מֻתָּרִים בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה. \nאֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, \nאֲפִלּוּ מֵאָה שֶׁלַּחֻלִּין וְאַחַת שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, \nכֻּלָּם אֲסוּרִין. \n",
|
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"<small>ו</small>\nהַטֶּבֶל, \nגִּדּוּלָיו מֻתָּרִין בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה; \nאֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, \nגִּדּוּלֵי גִדּוּלִין אֲסוּרִין. \nוְאֵי זֶה הוּא דָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה? \nכְּגוֹן הַלּוּף, וְהַשּׁוּם וְהַבְּצָלִים. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nהַשּׁוּם כִּשְׂעוֹרִין. \n",
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"<small>ז</small>\nהַמְנַכֵּשׁ עִם הַנָּכְרִי בַחֲסִיּוֹת, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁפֵּרוֹתָיו טֶבֶל, \nאוֹכֵל מֵהֶן עֲרַי. \nשִׁתְלֵי תְרוּמָה שֶׁנִּטַּמְּאוּ, \nשְׁתָלָן, טָהָ��וּ מִלְּטַמֵּא. <ישתלו> \nוַאֲסוּרִין מִלֹּאכַל עַד שֶׁיָּגֹם הָאֹכֶל. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nעַד שֶׁיָּגֹם וְיִשְׁנֶה. \n\n\n\n"
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],
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[
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"<small>א</small>\nבָּצָל שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ בְתוֹךְ עֲדָשִׁים, \nאִם שָׁלֵם, מֻתָּר; \nוְאִם חִתְּכוֹ, בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם; \nוּשְׁאָר כָּל הַתַּבְשִׁיל, \nבֵּין שָׁלֵם, בֵּין מְחֻתָּךְ, \nבְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר בְּצַחֲנָה, \nשֶׁאֵינוּ אֶלָּא לִטּוֹל אֶת הַזַּהְמָה. \n",
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"<small>ב</small>\nתַּפּוּחַ שֶׁרִסְּקוֹ וּנְתָנוֹ לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה וְחִמֵּצָהּ, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה. \nשְׂעוֹרִים שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ הַבּוֹר שֶׁלַּמַּיִם, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִבְאִישׁוּ מֵימָיו, \nמֵימָיו מֻתָּרִין. \n",
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"<small>ג</small>\nהָרוֹדֶה פַת חַמָּה, \nוּנְתָנָהּ עַל פִּי חָבִית שֶׁלַּיַּיִן שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹסֵר, \nוּרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה מַתִּיר בְּשֶׁלַּחִטִּים, \nוְאוֹסֵר בְּשֶׁלִּשְׂעוֹרִים, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַשְּׂעוֹרִים שׁוֹאֲבוֹת. \n",
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"<small>ד</small>\nתַּנּוּר שֶׁהִסִּיקוֹ בִּכְמָן שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, \nוְאָפָה בוֹ אֶת הַפַּת, \nהַפַּת מֻתֶּרֶת, \nשֶׁאֵינוּ טַעַם כְּמָן, אֶלָּא רֵיחַ כְּמָן. \n",
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"<small>ה</small>\nתַּלְתָּן שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְתוֹךְ הַבּוֹר שֶׁלַּיַּיִן, <שֶׁלַּמַּיִם>\nבִּתְרוּמָה וּבְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, \nאִם יֵשׁ בַּזֶּרַע כְּדֵי לִתֵּן טַעַם, \nאֲבָל לֹא בָעֵץ; \nוּבַשְּׁבִיעִית וּבְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם וּבַהֶקְדֵּשׁ, \nאִם יֵשׁ בַּזֶּרַע וּבָעֵץ כְּדֵי לִתֵּן טַעַם. \n",
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"<small>ו</small>\nמִי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ חֲבִלֵּי תַלְתָּן שֶׁלְּכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, <שֶׁלְכִּלְאֵי>\nיִדָּלֵקוּ. \nהָיוּ לוֹ חֲבִלֵּי תַלְתָּן שֶׁלַּטֶּבֶל, \nכּוֹתֵשׁ וּמְחַשֵּׁב כַּמָּה זֶרַע בָּהֶם, \nוּמַפְרִישׁ אֶת הַזֶּרַע, \nוְאֵינוּ צָרִיךְ לְהַפְרִישׁ אֶת הָעֵץ. \nאִם הִפְרִישׁ, לֹא יֹאמַר: \n\"אֶכְתֹּשׁ וְאֶטֹּל אֶת הָעֵץ, וְאֶתֵּן אֶת הַזֶּרַע\", \nאֶלָּא נוֹתֵן הָעֵץ עִם הַזֶּרַע. \n",
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"<small>ז</small>\nזֵיתֵי חֻלִּין שֶׁכְּבָשָׁן עִם זֵיתֵי תְרוּמָה, \nפְּצוּעֵי חֻלִּין עִם פְּצוּעֵי תְרוּמָה, \nפְּצוּעֵי חֻלִּין עִם שְׁלֵמֵי תְרוּמָה, \nאוֹ בְמֵי תְרוּמָה, \nאָסוּר. \nאֲבָל שְׁלֵמֵי חֻלִּין עִם פְּצוּעֵי תְרוּמָה, \nמֻתָּר. \n",
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"<small>ח</small>\nדָּג טָמֵא שֶׁכְּבָשׁוֹ עִם דָּג טָהוֹר: \nכָּל גָּרֵב שֶׁהוּא מַחֲזִיק סָאתַיִם, \nאִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ מִשְׁקַל עֲשָׂרָה זוּז בִּיהוּדָה, \nשֶׁהֵן חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים בַּגָּלִיל, \nדָּג טָמֵא, צֵירוֹ אָסוּר. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: \nרְבִיעִית בְּסָאתַיִם. \nוּרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nאֶחָד מִשִּׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר בּוֹ. \n",
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"<small>ט</small>\nחֲגָבִים טְמֵאִים שֶׁנִּכְבָּשׁוּ עִם חֲגָבִים טְהוֹרִין, \nלֹא פָסְלוּ אֶת צֵירָן. \nהֵעִיד רְבִּי צָדוֹק עַל צֵיר חֲגָבִים טְמֵאִים, \nשֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר. \n",
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"<small>י</small>\nכָּל הַנִּכְבָּשִׁין זֶה עִם זֶה מֻתָּרִים, \nאֶלָּא עִם הָחֵסִית: \nחֵסִית שֶׁלַּחֻלִּין עִם חֵסִית שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, \nחֵסִית שֶׁלַּחֻלִּין עִם יָרָק שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, \nאָסוּר. \nאֲבָל יָרָק שֶׁלַּחֻלִּין עִם חֵסִית שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, \nמֻתָּר. \n",
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"<small>יא</small>\nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל הַנִּשְׁל��קִים עִם הַתְּרָדִים אֲסוּרִין, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן נוֹתְנִין אֶת הַטַּעַם. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: \nכְּרוּב שֶׁלַּשֶּׁקִי עִם כְּרוּב שֶׁלַּבַּעַל, \nאָסוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בּוֹלֵעַ. \nרְבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר: \nכָּל הַמִּתְבַּשְּׁלִין זֶה עִם זֶה מֻתָּרִין, \nאֶלָּא עִם הַבָּשָׂר. \nרְבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר: \nהַכָּבֵד אוֹסֶרֶת וְאֵינָה נֶאֱסֶרֶת, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא פוֹלֶטֶת וְאֵינָה בוֹלַעַת. \n",
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129 |
+
"<small>יב</small>\nבֵּיצָה שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלָה בְּתַבְלִים אֲסוּרִין, \nאֲפִלּוּ חֶלְמוֹן שֶׁלָּהּ אָסוּר, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בוֹלֵעַ. \nמֵי כְבָשִׁים וּמֵי שְׁלָקוֹת שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, \nאֲסוּרִין לַזָּרִים. \n\n\n\n"
|
130 |
+
],
|
131 |
+
[
|
132 |
+
"<small>א</small>\nאֵין נוֹתְנִין דְּבֵלָה וּגְרוֹגְרוֹת לְתוֹךְ הַמּוּרְיָס, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְאַבְּדָן. \nאֲבָל נוֹתְנִין אֶת הַיַּיִן לַמּוּרְיָס. \nוְאֵין מְפַטְּמִין אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶן, \nאֲבָל עוֹשִׂים אֶת הַיַּיִן יִנָמֵילִין. \nאֵין מְבַשְּׁלִים יַיִן שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַמְעִיטוֹ. \nרְבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר, \nמִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַשְׁבִּיחוֹ. \n",
|
133 |
+
"<small>ב</small>\nדְּבַשׁ תְּמָרִים וְיֵין תַּפּוּחִים וְחֹמֶץ סִתְוָנִיּוֹת, \nוּשְׁאָר כָּל מֵי פֵרוֹת שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְחַיֵּב קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ. \nרְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פּוֹטֵר. \nרְבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא מִשֵּׁם מַשְׁקֶה. \nאָמַר רְבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: \nלֹא מָנוּ חֲכָמִים שִׁבְעָה מַשְׁקִים בְּמִינֵי פַטָּמִים, <היה כתוב: כמוני>\nאֶלָּא אָמְרוּ: \nשִׁבְעָה מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין, \nוּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין. \n",
|
134 |
+
"<small>ג</small>\nאֵין עוֹשִׂין תְּמָרִים דְּבַשׁ, \nוְלֹא תַפּוּחִים יַיִן, \nוְלֹא סִתְוָנִיּוֹת חֹמֶץ. \nוּשְׁאָר כָּל הַפֵּרוֹת, \nאֵין מְשַׁנִּין אוֹתָן מִבִּרְיָתָן בִּתְרוּמָה וּבְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, \nאֶלָּא זֵיתִים וַעֲנָבִים בִּלְבַד. \nאֵין סוֹפְגִים אַרְבָּעִים מִשֵּׁם עָרְלָה, \nאֶלָּא עַל הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים. \nוְאֵין מְבִיאִין בִּכּוּרִים מַשְׁקִין, \nאֶלָּא הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים. \nוְאֵינוּ מִטַּמֵּא מִשֵּׁם מַשְׁקֶה, <מְטַמֵּא>\nאֶלָּא הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים. \nאֵין מַקְרִיבִים עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, \nאֶלָּא הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים. \n",
|
135 |
+
"<small>ד</small>\nעָקְצֵי תְאֵנִים וּגְרוֹגְרוֹת, \nוְהַכַּלֵּיסִים וְהֶחָרוּבִין שֶׁלִּתְרוּמָה, \nאֲסוּרִין לַזָּרִים. \n",
|
136 |
+
"<small>ה</small>\nגַּלְעִנֵּי תְרוּמָה, \nכָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא מְכַנְּסָן, אֲסוּרוֹת. \nאִם הִשְׁלִיכָן, מֻתָּרוֹת. \nוְכֵן עַצְמוֹת הַקָּדָשִׁים, \nכָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא מְכַנְּסָן, אֲסוּרִין, \nוְאִם הִשְׁלִיכָן, מֻתָּרִין. \nהַמֻּרְסָן מֻתָּר. \nסֻבִּים שֶׁלַּחֲדָשׁוֹת, אֲסוּרוֹת. \nוְשֶׁלַּיְּשָׁנוֹת, מֻתָּרוֹת. \nנוֹהֵג בִּתְרוּמָה כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא נוֹהֵג בַּחֻלִּין. \nהַמְסַלֵּת קַב אוֹ קַבַּיִם לַסְּאָה, \nלֹא יְאַבֵּד אֶת הַשְּׁאָר, \nאֶלָּא יַנִּיחֶנּוּ בִמְקוֹם מֻצְנָע. \n",
|
137 |
+
"<small>ו</small>\nמְגוֹרָה שֶׁפִּנָּה מִמֶּנָּה חִטֵּי תְרוּמָה, \nאֵין מְחַיְּבִין אוֹתוֹ לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֵׁב וּמְלַקֵּט אַחַת אַחַת, \nאֶלָּא מְכַבֵּד כְּדַרְכּוֹ וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָהּ חֻלִּין. \n",
|
138 |
+
"<small>ז</small>\nוְכֵן חָבִית שֶׁלַּשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁנִּשְׁפָּכָה, \nאֵין מְחַיְּבִין אוֹתוֹ לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֵׁב וּמַטְַפִיֵחַ, \nאֶלָּא נוֹהֵג בָּהּ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא נוֹהֵג בַּחֻלִּין. \n",
|
139 |
+
"<small>ח</small>\nהַמְעָרֶה מִכַּד לְכַד וְנִטֵּף שָׁלוֹשׁ טִפִּים, \nנוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָהּ חֻלִּין. \nהִרְכִּינָהּ וּמִצַּת, \nהֲרֵי זוֹ תְרוּמָה. \nוְכַמָּה תְהֵא בִתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁלִּדְמַי, <בתרומה>\nוְיוֹלִיכֶנָּה לַכֹּהֵן? \nאֶחָד מִשְּׁמוֹנָה לִשְׁמִינִית. \n",
|
140 |
+
"<small>ט</small>\nכַּרְשִׁנֵּי תְרוּמָה, \nמַאֲכִילִין אוֹתָן לַבְּהֵמָה, וְלַחַיָּה, וְלַתַּרְנָגְלִין. \nיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁסָּכַר פָּרָה מִכֹּהֵן, \nמַאֲכִילָהּ כַּרְשִׁנֵּי תְרוּמָה. \nוְכֹהֵן שֶׁסָּכַר פָּרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, \nאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ עָלָיו, \nלֹא יַאֲכִילָהּ כַּרְשִׁנֵּי תְרוּמָה. \nיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁשָּׁם פָּרָה מִכֹּהֵן, \nלֹא יַאֲכִילָהּ כַּרְשִׁנֵּי תְרוּמָה, \nוְכֹהֵן שֶׁשָּׁם פָּרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, \nמַאֲכִילָהּ כַּרְשִׁנֵּי תְרוּמָה. \n",
|
141 |
+
"<small>י</small>\nמַדְלִיקִין שֶׁמֶן שְׂרֵפָה בְבָתֵּי כְנֵסָיוֹת, \nוּבְבָתֵּי מִדְרָשׁוֹת, \nוּבְמָבוֹאוֹת אֲפֵלִים, \nוְעַל גַּבֵּי הַחוֹלִין, בִּרְשׁוּת כֹּהֵן. \nבַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לַכֹּהֵן, \nוְהִיא לִמּוּדֵת לָבֹא אֵצֶל אָבִיהָ, \nאָבִיהָ מַדְלִיק בִּרְשׁוּתָהּ. \nמַדְלִיקִין בְּבֵית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה, \nאֲבָל לֹא בְבֵית הָאֵבֶל. \nדִּבְרֵי רְבִּי יְהוּדָה. \nרְבִּי יוֹסֵה אוֹמֵר: \nבְּבֵית הָאֵבֶל, \nאֲבָל לֹא בְבֵית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה. \nרְבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹסֵר כָּן וְכָן. \nרְבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר כָּן וְכָן. \n\n\n\n"
|
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+
]
|
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+
],
|
144 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
145 |
+
"Chapter",
|
146 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
147 |
+
]
|
148 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/Hebrew/Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
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1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "he",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Terumot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH001741739",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"priority": 2.0,
|
8 |
+
"license": "Public Domain",
|
9 |
+
"digitizedBySefaria": true,
|
10 |
+
"heversionSource": "http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=NLI&docId=NNL_ALEPH00174173",
|
11 |
+
"versionTitleInHebrew": "משנה, מהדורת בית דפוס ראם, וילנא 1913",
|
12 |
+
"actualLanguage": "he",
|
13 |
+
"languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
|
14 |
+
"isBaseText": true,
|
15 |
+
"isSource": true,
|
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+
"isPrimary": true,
|
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+
"direction": "rtl",
|
18 |
+
"heTitle": "משנה תרומות",
|
19 |
+
"categories": [
|
20 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
21 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
22 |
+
],
|
23 |
+
"text": [
|
24 |
+
[
|
25 |
+
"חמשה לא יתרומו. ואם תרמו אין תרומתן תרומה. החרש. והשוטה. והקטן. והתורם את שאינו שלו. עוכד כוכבים שתרם את של ישראל אפילו ברשות אין תרומתו תרומה: ",
|
26 |
+
"חרש המדבר ואינו שומע לא יתרום. ואם תרם תרומתו תרומה. חרש שדברו בו חכמים בכל מקום. שאינו לא שומע ולא מדבר. ",
|
27 |
+
"קטן שלא הביא שתי שערות. רבי יהודה אומר תרומתו תרומה. רבי יוסי אומר אם עד שלא בא לעונת נדרים אין תרומתו תרומה. ומשבא לעונת נדרים תרומתו תרומה: ",
|
28 |
+
"אין תורמין זיתים על השמן ולא ענבים על היין. ואם תרמו בית שמאי אומרים תרומת עצמן בהם ובית הלל אומרים אין תרומתן תרומה: ",
|
29 |
+
"אין תורמין מן הלקט ומן השכחה ומן הפאה ומן ההפקר. ולא ממעשר ראשון שנטלה תרומתו ולא ממעשר שני והקדש שנפדו. ולא מן החייב על הפטור. ולא מן הפטור על החייב. ולא מן התלוש על המחובר ולא מן המחובר על התלוש. ולא מן החדש על הישן ולא מן הישן על החדש. ולא מפירות הארץ על פירות חוצה לארץ ולא מפירות חוצה לארץ על פירות הארץ. ואם תרמו אין תרומתן תרומה: ",
|
30 |
+
"חמשה לא יתרומו ואם תרמו תרומתן תרומה. האלם והשכור והערום והסומא ובעל קרי לא יתרומו ואם תרמו תרומתן תרומה: ",
|
31 |
+
"אין תורמין לא במדה ולא במשקל ולא במנין אבל תורם הוא את המדוד ואת השקול ואת המנוי. אין תורמין בסל ובקופה שהם של מדה אבל תורם הוא בהן חציין ושלישן. לא יתרום בסאה חציה שחציה מדה: ",
|
32 |
+
"אין תורמין שמן על זיתים הנכתשין. ולא יין על ענבים הנדרכים. ואם תרם תרומתו תרומה ויחזור ויתרום. הראשונה מדמעת בפני עצמה וחייבין עליה חומש אבל לא שניה: ",
|
33 |
+
"ותורמין שמן על זיתים הנכבשים ויין על ענבים לעשותם צמוקים. הרי שתרם שמן על זיתים לאכילה. וזיתים על זיתים לאכילה. ויין על ענבים לאכילה. וענבים על ענבים לאכילה. ונמלך לדורכן אינו צריך לתרום: ",
|
34 |
+
"אין תורמין מדבר שנגמרה מלאכתו על דבר שלא נגמרה מלאכתו. ולא מדבר שלא נגמרה מלאכתו על דבר שנגמרה מלאכתו. ולא מדבר שלא נגמרה מלאכתו על דבר שלא נגמרה מלאכתו. ואם תרמו תרומתן תרומה: "
|
35 |
+
],
|
36 |
+
[
|
37 |
+
"אין תורמין מטהור על הטמא ואם תרמו תרומתן תרומה. באמת אמרו העגול של דבילה שנטמא מקצתו תורם מן הטהור שיש בו על הטמא שיש בו וכן אגודה של ירק וכן ערימה. היו שני עגולים שתי אגודות שתי ערמות אחת טמאה ואחת טהורה לא יתרום מזה על זה. רבי אליעזר אומר תורמין מן הטהור על הטמא: ",
|
38 |
+
"אין תורמין מן הטמא על הטהור ואם תרם שוגג תרומתו תרומה. ומזיד לא עשה כלום. וכן בן לוי שהיה לו מעשר טבל היה מפריש עליו והולך. שוגג מה שעשה עשוי. מזיד לא עשה כלום. רבי יהודה אומר אם היה יודע בו בתחלה אף על פי שהוא שוגג לא עשה כלום: ",
|
39 |
+
"המטביל כלים בשבת. שוגג ישתמש בהם מזיד לא ישתמש בהם. המעשר והמבשל בשבת שוגג יאכל מזיד לא יאכל. הנוטע בשבת שוגג יקיים מזיד יעקור. וב��ביעית בין שוגג בין מזיד יעקור: ",
|
40 |
+
"אין תורמין ממין על שאינו מינו. ואם תרם אין תרומתו תרומה. כל מין חטים אחד. כל מין תאנים וגרוגרות ודבלה אחד. ותורם מזה על זה. כל מקום שיש כהן תורם מן היפה וכל מקום שאין כהן תורם מן המתקיים. רבי יהודה אומר לעולם הוא תורם מן היפה: ",
|
41 |
+
"תורמין בצל קטן שלם ולא חצי בצל גדול. ר' יהודה אומר לא כי אלא חצי בצל גדול. וכן היה רבי יהודה אומר תורמין בצלים מבני המדינה על הכופרים אבל לא מן הכופרים על בני המדינה מפני שהוא מאכל פוליטיקין: ",
|
42 |
+
"ותורמין זיתי שמן על זיתי כבש ולא זיתי כבש על זיתי שמן. ויין שאינו מבושל על המבושל ולא מן המבושל על שאינו מבושל. זה הכלל כל שהוא כלאים בחברו לא יתרום מזה על זה אפילו מן היפה על הרע. וכל שאינו כלאים בחברו תורם מן היפה על הרע אבל לא מן הרע על היפה. ואם תרם מן הרע על היפה תרומתו תרומה חוץ מן הזונין על החטים שאינן אוכל. והקישות והמלפפון מין אחד. ר' יהודה אומר שני מינין: "
|
43 |
+
],
|
44 |
+
[
|
45 |
+
"התורם קישות. ונמצאת מרה. אבטיח ונמצא סרוח. תרומה ויחזור ויתרום. התורם חבית של יין ונמצאת של חומץ. אם ידוע שהיתה של חומץ עד שלא תרמה אינה תרומה. אם משתרמה החמיצה הרי זו תרומה. אם ספק. תרומה ויחזור ויתרום. הראשונה אינה מדמעת בפני עצמה. ואין חייבין עליה חומש וכן השניה: ",
|
46 |
+
"נפלה אחת מהן לתוך החולין אינה מדמעתן. נפלה שניה למקום אחר אינה מדמעתן. נפלו שתיהן למקום אחד מדמעות כקטנה שבשתיהן: ",
|
47 |
+
"השותפין שתרמו זה אחר זה ר' עקיבא אומר תרומת שניהם תרומה וחכמים אומרים תרומת הראשון תרומה. רבי יוסי אומר אם תרם הראשון כשעור אין תרומת השני תרומה ואם לא תרם הראשון כשעור תרומת השני תרומה: ",
|
48 |
+
"במה דברים אמורים בשלא דבר אבל הרשה את בן ביתו או את עבדו או את שפחתו לתרום תרומתו תרומה. בטל אם עד שלא תרם בטל אין תרומתו תרומה. ואם משתרם בטל תרומתו תרומה. הפועלים אין להן רשות לתרום חוץ מן הדרוכות שהן מטמאים את הגת מיד: ",
|
49 |
+
"האומר תרומת הכרי זה בתוכו: ומעשרותיו בתוכו. תרומת מעשר זה בתוכו. רבי שמעון אומר קרא שם. וחכמים אומרים עד שיאמר בצפונו או בדרומו. ר' אלעזר חסמא אומר האומר תרומת הכרי ממנו עליו קרא שם. ר' אליעזר בן יעקב אומר האומר עשור מעשר זה עשוי תרומת מעשר עליו. קרא שם: ",
|
50 |
+
"המקדים תרומה לבכורים מעשר ראשון לתרומה ומעשר שני לראשון. אע\"פ שהוא עובר בלא תעשה מה שעשה עשוי. שנאמר (שמות כב, כח) מלאתך ודמעך לא תאחר: ",
|
51 |
+
"ומנין שיקדמו הבכורים לתרומה זה קרוי תרומה וראשית וזה קרוי תרומה וראשית. אלא יקדמו בכורים לכל. שהן בכורים לכל. ותרומה לראשון שהיא ראשית. ומעשר ראשון לשני שיש בו ראשית: ",
|
52 |
+
"המתכוין לומר תרומה ואמר מעשר. מעשר ואמר תרומה. עולה ואמר שלמים. שלמים ואמר עולה. שאיני נכנס לבית זה ואמר לזה. שאיני נהנה לזה ואמר לזה. לא אמר כלום עד שיהיו פיו ולבו שוין: ",
|
53 |
+
"העובד כוכבים והכותי תרומתן תרומה ומעשרותן מעשר והקדשן הקדש. ר' יהודה אומר אין לעובד כוכבים כרם רבעי. וחכמים אומרים יש לו. תרומת העובד כוכבים מדמעת וחייבים עליה חומש. ור' שמעון פוטר: "
|
54 |
+
],
|
55 |
+
[
|
56 |
+
"המפריש מקצת תרומה ומעשרות מוציא ממנו תרומה עליו אבל לא למקום אחר. ר' מאיר אומר אף מוציא הוא ממקום אחר תרומה ומעשרות: ",
|
57 |
+
"מי שהיו פירותיו במגורה. ונתן סאה לבן לוי. וסאה לעני. מפריש עד שמונה סאין ואוכלן דברי ר' מאיר וחכמים אומרים אינו מפריש אלא לפי חשבון: ",
|
58 |
+
"שיעור תרומה עין יפה אחת מארבעים. בית שמאי אומרים משלשים. והבינונית מחמשים. והרעה מששים. תרם ועלה בידו אחד מששים תרומה ואינו צריך לתרום חזר והוסיף חייב במעשרות. עלה בידו מששים ואחד. תרומה. ויחזור ויתרום כמות שהוא למוד. במדה ובמשקל ובמנין. ר' יהודה אומר אף שלא מן המוקף: ",
|
59 |
+
"האומר לשלוחו צא ותרום. תורם כדעתו של בעל הבית. אם אינו יודע דעתו של בעל הבית. תורם כבינונית אחת מחמשים. פיחת עשרה או הוסיף עשרה תרומתו תרומה. אם נתכוין להוסיף אפילו אחת. אין תרומתו תרומה: ",
|
60 |
+
"המרבה בתרומה. רבי אליעזר אומר אחד מעשרה כתרומת מעשר. יתר מכאן יעשנה תרומת מעשר למקום אחר. רבי ישמעאל אומר מחצה חולין ומחצה תרומה. רבי טרפון ורבי עקיבא אומרים עד שישייר שם חולין: ",
|
61 |
+
"בשלשה פרקים משערים את הכלכלה. בבכורות ובסיפות. ובאמצע הקיץ. המונה משובח. והמודד משובח ממנו. והשוקל משובח משלשתן: ",
|
62 |
+
"רבי אליעזר אומר תרומה עולה באחד ומאה. רבי יהושע אומר במאה ועוד. ועוד זה אין לו שיעור. רבי יוסי בן משולם אומר ועוד קב למאה סאה שתות למדמע: ",
|
63 |
+
"רבי יהושע אומר תאנים שחורות מעלות את הלבנות. לבנות מעלות את השחורות. עגולי דבלה הגדולים מעלים את הקטנים והקטנים מעלין את הגדולים. העגולים מעלין את המלבנים והמלבנים מעלין את העגולים. רבי אליעזר אוסר. ורבי עקיבא אומר בידוע מה נפלה. אין מעלות זו את זו. וכשאינו ידוע מה נפלה. מעלות זו את זו: ",
|
64 |
+
"כיצד חמשים תאנים שחורות. וחמשים לבנות. נפלה שחורה שחורות אסורות. והלבנות מותרות. נפלה לבנה לבנות אסורות. ושחורות מותרות. בשאינו ידוע מה נפלה מעלות זו את זו. בזו ר' אליעזר מחמיר. ורבי יהושע מקל: ",
|
65 |
+
"ובזו רבי אליעזר מקל. ורבי יהושע מחמיר. בדורס ליטרא קציעות על פי הכד. ואינו יודע איזוהי רבי אליעזר אומר רואין אותן כאילו הם פרודות. והתחתונות מעלות את העליונות. רבי יהושע אומר לא תעלה. עד שיהיו שם מאה כדים: ",
|
66 |
+
"סאה תרומה שנפלה על פי מגורה וקפאה. רבי אליעזר אומר אם יש בקפוי מאה סאה תעלה באחד ומאה. ורבי יהושע אומר לא תעלה. סאה תרומה שנפלה על פי מגורה. יקפיאנה. ואם כן למה אמרו תרומה עולה באחד ומאה. אם אינו ידוע אם בלולות הן. או לאין נפלה: ",
|
67 |
+
"שתי קופות ושתי מגורות. שנפלה סאה תרומה לתוך אחת מהם. ואין ידוע לאיזו מהן נפלה. מעלות זו את זו. רבי שמעון אומר אפילו הם בשתי עיירות מעלות זו את זו: ",
|
68 |
+
"אמר רבי יוסי מעשה בא לפני רבי עקיבא בחמשים אגודות של ירק שנפלה אחת מהם לתוכן חציה תרומה ואמרתי לפניו תעלה. לא שהתרומה תעלה בחמשים ואחד. אלא שהיו שם מאה ושני חציים: "
|
69 |
+
],
|
70 |
+
[
|
71 |
+
"סאה תרומה טמאה. שנפלה לפחות ממאה חולין. או למעשר ראשון. או למעשר שני. או להקדש. בין טמאין. בין טהורים. ירקבו. אם טהורה היתה אותה הסאה. ימכרו לכהנים בדמי תרומה חוץ מדמי אותה סאה. ואם למעשר ראשון נפלה. יקרא שם לתרומת מעשר ואם למעשר שני. או להקדש נפלה. הרי אלו יפדו. ואם טמאים היו אותן החולין. יאכלו נקודים או קליות. או ילושו במי פירות או יתחלקו לעיסות כדי שלא יהא במקום אחד כביצה: ",
|
72 |
+
"סאה תרומה טמאה שנפלה לתוך מאה חולין טהורין. רבי אליעזר אומר תרום ותשרף. שאני אומר סאה שנפלה היא סאה שעלתה. וחכמים אומרים תעלה ותאכל נקודים. או קליות. או תלוש במי פירות. או תתחלק לעיסות כדי שלא יהא במקום ��חד כביצה: ",
|
73 |
+
"סאה תרומה טהורה שנפלה למאה חולין טמאין. תעלה ותאכל נקודים או קליות. או תלוש במי פירות. או תתחלק לעיסות כדי שלא יהא במקום אחד כביצה: ",
|
74 |
+
"סאה תרומה טמאה. שנפלה למאה סאה תרומה טהורה. בית שמאי אוסרים. ובית הלל מתירין. אמרו בית הלל לבית שמאי הואיל וטהורה אסורה לזרים וטמאה אסורה לכהנים. מה טהורה עולה אף טמאה תעלה. אמרו להם בית שמאי לא. אם העלו החולין הקלין המותרין לזרים את הטהורה. תעלה תרומה החמורה האסורה לזרים. את הטמאה. לאחר שהודו. רבי אליעזר אומר תירום ותשרף. וחכמים אומרים אבדה במעוטה: ",
|
75 |
+
"סאה תרומה שנפלה למאה. הגביהה ונפלה למקום אחר רבי אליעזר אומר מדמעת כתרומה ודאי. וחכמים אומרים אינה מדמעת אלא לפי חשבון: ",
|
76 |
+
"סאה תרומה שנפלה לפחות ממאה. ונדמעו. ונפל מן המדומע למקום אחר. רבי אליעזר אומר מדמעת כתרומה ודאי. וחכמים אומרים אין המדומע מדמע אלא לפי חשבון. ואין המחומץ מחמיץ אלא לפי חשבון. ואין המים שאובים פוסלים את המקוה אלא לפי חשבון: ",
|
77 |
+
"סאה תרומה שנפלה למאה. הגביהה ונפלה אחרת. הגביהה ונפלה אחרת. הרי זו מותרת. עד שתרבה תרומה על החולין: ",
|
78 |
+
"סאה תרומה שנפלה למאה. ולא הספיק להגביהה עד שנפלה אחרת. הרי זו אסורה ורבי שמעון מתיר: ",
|
79 |
+
"סאה תרומה שנפלה למאה. וטחנן ופחתו. כשם שפחתו החולין כך פחתה התרומה ומותר. סאה תרומה שנפלה לפחות ממאה. וטחנן והותירו. כשם שהותירו החולין כך הותירה התרומה ואסור. אם ידוע שהחטים של חולין יפות משל תרומה מותר. סאה תרומה שנפלה לפחות ממאה ואחר כן נפלו שם חולין. אם שוגג מותר ואם מזיד אסור: "
|
80 |
+
],
|
81 |
+
[
|
82 |
+
"האוכל תרומה שוגג. משלם קרן וחומש. אחד האוכל. ואחד השותה. ואחד הסך. אחד תרומה טהורה. ואחד תרומה טמאה. משלם חומשה וחומש חומשה. אינו משלם תרומה. אלא חולין מתוקנים והם נעשין תרומה. והתשלומין תרומה. אם רצה הכהן למחול אינו מוחל: ",
|
83 |
+
"בת ישראל שאכלה תרומה ואחר כך נשאת לכהן. אם תרומה שלא זכה בה כהן אכלה. משלמת קרן וחומש לעצמה. ואם תרומה שזכה בה כהן אכלה. משלמת קרן לבעלים. וחומש לעצמה. מפני שאמרו האוכל תרומה שוגג. משלם קרן לבעלים וחומש לכל מי שירצה: ",
|
84 |
+
"המאכיל את פועליו ואת אורחיו תרומה. הוא משלם את הקרן. והם משלמין את החומש. דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים הם משלמין קרן וחומש והוא משלם להם דמי סעודתן: ",
|
85 |
+
"הגונב תרומה ולא אכלה. משלם תשלומי כפל דמי תרומה. אכלה משלם שני קרנים וחומש קרן וחומש מן החולין וקרן דמי תרומה. גנב תרומת הקדש ואכלה. משלם שני חומשים וקרן. שאין בהקדש תשלומי כפל: ",
|
86 |
+
"אין משלמין מן הלקט ומן השכחה ומן הפאה ומן ההפקר. ולא ממעשר ראשון שנטלה תרומתו. ולא ממעשר שני והקדש שנפדו שאין הקדש פודה את הקדש דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים מתירין באלו: ",
|
87 |
+
"רבי אליעזר אומר משלמין ממין על שאינו מינו. בלבד שישלם מן היפה על הרע ורבי עקיבא אומר אין משלמין אלא ממין על מינו. לפיכך אם אכל קשואין של ערב שביעית. ימתין לקשואין של מוצאי שביעית וישלם מהם. ממקום שרבי אליעזר מקל משם ר' עקיבא מחמיר שנאמר (ויקרא כב, יד) ונתן לכהן את הקדש. כל שהוא ראוי להיות קדש דברי רבי אליעזר. ורבי עקיבא אומר ונתן לכהן את הקדש. קדש שאכל: "
|
88 |
+
],
|
89 |
+
[
|
90 |
+
"האוכל תרומה מזיד משלם את הקרן ואינו משלם את החומש. התשלומין חולין. אם רצה הכהן למחול מוחל: ",
|
91 |
+
"בת כהן שנשאת לישראל ואחר כ�� אכלה תרומה. משלמת את הקרן ואינה משלמת את החומש. ומיתתה בשרפה. נשאת לאחד מכל הפסולין משלמת קרן וחומש. ומיתתה בחנק דברי רבי מאיר. וחכמים אומרים זו וזו משלמות את הקרן ואינן משלמות את החומש ומיתתן בשרפה: ",
|
92 |
+
"המאכיל את בניו קטנים. ואת עבדיו בין גדולים בין קטנים. האוכל תרומת חוצה לארץ. והאוכל פחות מכזית תרומה. משלם את הקרן ואינו משלם את החומש. והתשלומין חולין. אם רצה הכהן למחול מוחל: ",
|
93 |
+
"זה הכלל כל המשלם קרן וחומש. התשלומין תרומה. אם רצה הכהן למחול אינו מוחל. וכל המשלם את הקרן ואינו משלם את החומש התשלומין חולין. אם רצה הכהן למחול מוחל: ",
|
94 |
+
"שתי קופות אחת של תרומה ואחת של חולין. שנפלה סאה תרומה לתוך אחת מהן ואין ידוע לאיזו מהן נפלה. הרי אני אומר לתוך של תרומה נפלה. אין ידוע איזו היא של תרומה. ואיזו היא של חולין. אכל אחת מהן פטור והשניה נוהג בה בתרומה וחייבת בחלה דברי ר' מאיר. ר' יוסי פוטרה. אכל אחר את השניה פטור. אכל אחד את שתיהן משלם כקטנה שבשתיהן: ",
|
95 |
+
"נפלה אחת מהן לתוך החולין אינה מדמעתן. והשניה נוהג בה בתרומה וחייבת בחלה דברי ר' מאיר. ור' יוסי פוטר. נפלה שניה למקום אחר אינה מדמעתן. נפלו שתיהן למקום אחד. מדמעות כקטנה שבשתיהן: ",
|
96 |
+
"זרע את אחת מהן פטור. והשניה נוהג בה בתרומה. וחייבת בחלה דברי ר' מאיר. ור' יוסי פוטר. זרע אחד את השנייה פטור. זרע אחד את שתיהן. בדבר שזרעו כלה מותר. ובדבר שאין זרעו כלה אסור: "
|
97 |
+
],
|
98 |
+
[
|
99 |
+
"האשה שהיתה אוכלת בתרומה באו ואמרו לה מת בעליך או גרשך. וכן העבד שהיה אוכל בתרומה ובאו ואמרו לו מת רבך. או מכרך לישראל. או נתנך במתנה. או עשאך בן חורין. וכן כהן שהיה אוכל בתרומה ונודע שהוא בן גרושה או בן חלוצה. רבי אליעזר מחייב קרן וחומש ורבי יהושע פוטר. היה עומד ומקריב על גבי המזבח. ונודע שהוא בן גרושה או בן חלוצה. ר' אליעזר אומר כל הקרבנות שהקריב על גבי המזבח פסולים. ור' יהושע מכשיר. נודע שהוא בעל מום עבודתו פסולה: ",
|
100 |
+
"וכולם שהיתה תרומה בתוך פיהם רבי אליעזר אומר יבלעו ורבי יהושע אומר יפלוטו. אמרו לו נטמאת ונטמאת תרומה. ר' אליעזר אומר יבלע ורבי יהושע אומר יפלוט. טמא היית. וטמאה היתה תרומה. או נודע שהוא טבל. ומעשר ראשון שלא נטלה תרומתו. ומעשר שני והקדש שלא נפדו. או שטעם טעם פשפש לתוך פיו הרי זה יפלוט: ",
|
101 |
+
"היה אוכל באשכול ונכנס מן הגנה לחצר. רבי אליעזר אומר יגמור ורבי יהושע אומר לא יגמור. חשיכה לילי שבת רבי יהושע אומר יגמור ורבי אליעזר אומר לא יגמור: ",
|
102 |
+
"יין של תרומה שנתגלה ישפך ואין צריך לומר של חולין. שלשה משקין אסורים משום גלוי. המים והיין והחלב. ושאר כל המשקין מותרים. כמה ישהו ויהיו אסורין. כדי שיצא הרחש ממקום קרוב וישתה: ",
|
103 |
+
"שיעור המים המגולין כדי שתאבד בהם המרה. רבי יוסי אומר בכלים כל שהן. ובקרקעות ארבעים סאה: ",
|
104 |
+
"נקורי תאנים וענבים וקשואין והדלועין והאבטיחים והמלפפונות אפילו הם ככר. אחד גדול ואחד קטן. אחד תלוש ואחד מחובר. כל שיש בו ליחה אסור. ונשוכת הנחש אסורה מפני סכנת נפשות: ",
|
105 |
+
"המשמרת של יין אסורה משום גלוי רבי נחמיה מתיר: ",
|
106 |
+
"חבית של תרומה שנולד בה ספק טומאה רבי אליעזר אומר אם היתה מונחת במקום תורפה יניחנה במקום המוצנע. ואם היתה מגולה יכסנה. ורבי יהושע אומר אם היתה מונחת במקום מוצנע יניחנה במקום תורפה. ואם היתה מכוסה יגלנה. רבן גמליאל אומר אל יחדש בה דבר: ",
|
107 |
+
"חבית שנשברה בגת העליונה. והתחתונה טמאה. מודה ר' אליעזר ור' יהושע שאם יכולים להציל ממנה רביעית בטהרה יציל. ואם לאו ר' אליעזר אומר תרד ותטמא ואל יטמאנה בידיו: ",
|
108 |
+
"וכן חבית של שמן שנשפכה מודה ר' אליעזר ור' יהושע שאם יכול להציל ממנה רביעית בטהרה יציל ואם לאו ר' אליעזר אומר תרד ותבלע ואל יבלענה בידיו: ",
|
109 |
+
"ועל זו ועל זו אמר רבי יהושע לא זו היא תרומה שאני מוזהר עליה מלטמאה אלא מלאכלה. ובל תטמאה כיצד היה עובר ממקום למקום וככרות של תרומה בידו אמר לו עובד כוכבים תן אחת מהן ואטמאה ואם לא הרי אני מטמא את כולה רבי אליעזר אומר יטמא את כולה ואל יתן לו אחת מהן ויטמא. רבי יהושע אומר יניח לפניו אחת מהן על הסלע: ",
|
110 |
+
"וכן נשים שאמרו להם עובדי כוכבים תנו אחת מכם ונטמא ואם לאו הרי אנו מטמאים את כולכם יטמאו את כולן ואל ימסרו להם נפש אחת מישראל: "
|
111 |
+
],
|
112 |
+
[
|
113 |
+
"הזורע תרומה שוגג יופך. ומזיד יקיים. אם הביאה שליש בין שוגג בין מזיד יקיים. ובפשתן מזיד יופך: ",
|
114 |
+
"וחייבת בלקט ובשכחה ובפאה. ועניי ישראל ועניי כהנים מלקטים. ועניי ישראל מוכרין את שלהם לכהנים בדמי תרומה והדמים שלהם. רבי טרפון אמר לא ילקטו אלא עניי כהנים שמא ישכחו ויתנו לתוך פיהם. אמר לו ר' עקיבא אם כן לא ילקטו אלא טהורים: ",
|
115 |
+
"וחייבת במעשרות ובמעשר עני. ועניי ישראל ועניי כהנים נוטלים. ועניי ישראל מוכרין את שלהם לכהנים בדמי תרומה והדמים שלהם. החובט משובח. והדש כיצד יעשה. תולה כפיפות בצוארי בהמה ונותן לתוכן מאותו המין. נמצא לא זומם את הבהמה ולא מאכיל את התרומה: ",
|
116 |
+
"גדולי תרומה תרומה. וגדולי גדולין חולין. אבל הטבל ומעשר ראשון וספיחו שביעית. ותרומת חוצה לארץ והמדומע והבכורים. גדוליהן חולין. גדולי הקדש ומעשר שני חולין. ופודה אותם בזמן זרעם: ",
|
117 |
+
"מאה לגנה של תרומה. ואחת של חולין. כולן מותרין בדבר שזרעו כלה. אבל בדבר שאין זרעו כלה. אפילו מאה של חולין. ואחת של תרומה כולן אסורין: ",
|
118 |
+
"הטבל גדוליו מותרין. בדבר שזרעו כלה. אבל בדבר שאין זרעו כלה. גדולי גדולין אסורין. איזהו דבר שאין זרעו כלה. כגון הלוף והשום והבצלים. ר' יהודה אומר השום כשעורים. ",
|
119 |
+
"המנכש עם העובד כוכבים בחסיות אף על פי שפירותיו טבל. אוכל מהם עראי. שתילי תרומה שנטמאו שתלן טהרו מלטמא ואסורין מלאכול. עד שיגום את האוכל. רבי יהודה אומר עד שיגום וישנה: "
|
120 |
+
],
|
121 |
+
[
|
122 |
+
"בצל שנתנו בתוך עדשים. אם שלם מותר. ואם חתכו בנותן טעם. ושאר כל התבשיל בין שלם בין מחותך בנותן טעם. רבי יהודה מתיר בצחנה. שאינו אלא ליטול את הזוהמא: ",
|
123 |
+
"תפוח שרסקו. ונתנו לתוך עיסה וחמצה. הרי זו אסורה. שעורים שנפלו לתוך הבור של מים. אף על פי שהבאישו מימיו מותרין. ",
|
124 |
+
"הרודה פת חמה ונתנה על פי חבית של יין תרומה. רבי מאיר אוסר. ורבי יהודה מתיר. רבי יוסי מתיר בשל חטים. ואוסר בשל שעורים. מפני שהשעורים שואבות: ",
|
125 |
+
"תנור שהסיקו בכמון של תרומה ואפה בו. הפת מותרת. שאין טעם כמון אלא ריח כמון: ",
|
126 |
+
"תלתן שנפלה לתוך הבור של יין. בתרומה. במעשר שני. אם יש בזרע כדי ליתן טעם אבל לא בעץ. בשביעית. ובכלאי הכרם. והקדש. אם יש בזרע ובעץ. כדי ליתן טעם: ",
|
127 |
+
"מי שהיו לו חבילי תלתן בכלאי הכרם ידלקו. היו לו חבילי תלתן של טבל. כותש ומחשב כמה זרע יש בהם ומפריש את הזרע. ואינו צריך להפריש את העץ. אם הפריש לא יאמר אכתוש ואטול את העץ. ואתן את הזרע. אלא נותן העץ עם הזרע: ",
|
128 |
+
"זיתי חולין שכבשן עם זיתי תרומה. פצועי חולין עם פצועי תרומה. פצועי חולין עם שלימי תרומה. או במי תרומה אסור. אבל שלימי חולין עם פצועי תרומה מותר: ",
|
129 |
+
"דג טמא שכבשו עם דג טהור. כל גרב שהוא מחזיק סאתים אם יש בו משקל עשרה זוז ביהודה שהן חמש סלעים בגליל דג טמא. צירו אסור. ר' יהודה אומר רביעית בסאתים ורבי יוסי אומר אחד מששה עשר בו: ",
|
130 |
+
"חגבים טמאי' שנכבשו עם חגבים טהורי' לא פסלו את צירם. העיד רבי צדוק על ציר חגבים טמאים שהוא טהור: ",
|
131 |
+
"כל הנכבשים זה עם זה מותרים. אלא עם החסית. חסית של חולין. עם חסית של תרומה. ירק של חולין. עם חסית של תרומה אסור. אבל חסית של חולין עם ירק של תרומה מותר: ",
|
132 |
+
"רבי יוסי אומר כל הנשלקים עם התרדים אסורים. מפני שהם נותנין את הטעם. רבי שמעון אומר כרוב של שקיא. עם כרוב של בעל אסור. מפני שהוא בולע. רבי יהודה אומר כל המתבשלין זה עם זה מותרים. אלא עם הבשר. ר' יוחנן בן נורי אומר הכבד אוסרת ואינה נאסרת. מפני שהיא פולטת ואינה בולעת: ",
|
133 |
+
"ביצה שנתבשלה בתבלין אסורין אפילו חלמון שלה אסור. מפני שהוא בולע. מי שלקות. ומי כבשים של תרומה. אסורים לזרים: "
|
134 |
+
],
|
135 |
+
[
|
136 |
+
"אין נותנים דבילה וגרוגרות לתוך המורייס. מפני שהוא מאבדן. אבל נותנין את היין למורייס. ואין מפטמין את השמן. אבל עושים את היין יינומלים. אין מבשלים יין של תרומה מפני שהוא ממעיטו. רבי יהודה מתיר. מפני שהוא משביחו: ",
|
137 |
+
"דבש תמרים. ויין תפוחים. וחומץ סתוניות ושאר כל מי פירות של תרומה רבי אליעזר מחייב קרן וחומש. ורבי יהושע פוטר. ורבי אליעזר מטמא משום משקה. אמר רבי יהושע לא מנו חכמים שבעה משקים כמוני פטמים אלא אמרו שבעה משקין טמאים. ושאר כל המשקין טהורין: ",
|
138 |
+
"אין עושין תמרים דבש. ולא תפוחים יין. ולא סתוניות חומץ. ושאר כל הפירות אין משנין אותם מברייתן. בתרומה ובמעשר שני. אלא זיתים וענבים בלבד. אין סופגין ארבעים משום ערלה. אלא על היוצא מן הזיתים ומן הענבים. ואין מביאין בכורים משקין. אלא היוצא מן הזיתים ומן הענבים. ואינו מטמא משום משקה אלא היוצא מן הזיתים ומן הענבים. ואין מקריבין על גבי המזבח. אלא היוצא מן הזיתים ומן הענבים: ",
|
139 |
+
"עוקצי תאנים וגרוגרות והכליסים והחרובין של תרומה אסורים לזרים: ",
|
140 |
+
"גרעיני תרומה בזמן שהוא מכנסן אסורות. ואם השליכן מותרות. וכן עצמות הקדשים. בזמן שהוא מכנסן אסורין. ואם השליכן מותרין. המורסן מותר. סובין של חדשות אסורות ושל ישנות מותרות. ונוהג בתרומה כדרך שהוא נוהג בחולין. המסלת קב או קבים לסאה. לא יאבד את השאר. אלא יניחנו במקום המוצנע: ",
|
141 |
+
"מגורה שפנה ממנה חטי תרומה. אין מחייבין אותו להיות יושב ומלקט אחת אחת. אלא מכבד כדרכו ונותן לתוכה חולין: ",
|
142 |
+
"וכן חבית של שמן שנשפכה אין מחייבין אותו להיות יושב ומטפח. אלא נוהג בה כדרך שהוא נוהג בחולין: ",
|
143 |
+
"המערה מכד לכד ונוטף שלש טפים. נותן לתוכה חולין. הרכינה ומיצה הרי זו תרומה. וכמה תהא בתרומת מעשר של דמאי ויוליכנה לכהן. אחד משמנה לשמינית: ",
|
144 |
+
"כרשיני תרומה מאכילין אותם לבהמה ולחיה. ולתרנגולים. ישראל ששכר פרה מכהן מאכילה כרשיני תרומה. וכהן ששכר פרה מישראל אף על פי שמזונותיה עליו. לא יאכילנה כרשיני תרומה. ישראל ששם פרה מכהן לא יאכילנה כרשיני תרומה. וכהן ששם פרה מישראל מאכילה כרשיני ת��ומה: ",
|
145 |
+
"מדליקין שמן שרפה בבתי כנסיות ובבתי מדרשות ובמבואות האפלין. ועל גבי החולין ברשות כהן. בת ישראל שנשאת לכהן והיא למודה אצל אביה. אביה מדליק ברשותה. מדליקין בבית המשתה. אבל לא בבית האבל דברי רבי יהודה. ורבי יוסי אומר בבית האבל. אבל לא בבית המשתה. רבי מאיר אוסר כאן וכאן. רבי שמעון מתיר כאן וכאן: "
|
146 |
+
]
|
147 |
+
],
|
148 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
149 |
+
"Chapter",
|
150 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
151 |
+
]
|
152 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/Hebrew/Torat Emet 357.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
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|
1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"language": "he",
|
3 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Terumot",
|
4 |
+
"versionSource": "http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads",
|
5 |
+
"versionTitle": "Torat Emet 357",
|
6 |
+
"status": "locked",
|
7 |
+
"priority": 3.0,
|
8 |
+
"license": "Public Domain",
|
9 |
+
"versionTitleInHebrew": "תורת אמת 357",
|
10 |
+
"actualLanguage": "he",
|
11 |
+
"languageFamilyName": "hebrew",
|
12 |
+
"isBaseText": true,
|
13 |
+
"isSource": true,
|
14 |
+
"isPrimary": true,
|
15 |
+
"direction": "rtl",
|
16 |
+
"heTitle": "משנה תרומות",
|
17 |
+
"categories": [
|
18 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
19 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
20 |
+
],
|
21 |
+
"text": [
|
22 |
+
[
|
23 |
+
"חֲמִשָּׁה לֹא יִתְרֹמוּ, וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, אֵין תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה. הַחֵרֵשׁ, וְהַשּׁוֹטֶה, וְהַקָּטָן, וְהַתּוֹרֵם אֶת שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ. נָכְרִי שֶׁתָּרַם אֶת שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֲפִלּוּ בִרְשׁוּת, אֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה: \n",
|
24 |
+
"חֵרֵשׁ הַמְדַבֵּר וְאֵינוֹ שׁוֹמֵעַ, לֹא יִתְרֹם. וְאִם תָּרַם, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. חֵרֵשׁ שֶׁדִּבְּרוּ בוֹ חֲכָמִים בְּכָל מָקוֹם, שֶׁאֵינוֹ לֹא שׁוֹמֵעַ וְלֹא מְדַבֵּר: \n",
|
25 |
+
"קָטָן שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא לְעוֹנַת נְדָרִים, אֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. וּמִשֶׁבָּא לְעוֹנַת נְדָרִים, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה: \n",
|
26 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין זֵיתִים עַל הַשֶּׁמֶן, וְלֹא עֲנָבִים עַל הַיָּיִן. וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, תְּרוּמַת עַצְמָן בָּהֶם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵין תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה: \n",
|
27 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִן הַלֶּקֶט, וּמִן הַשִּׁכְחָה, וּמִן הַפֵּאָה, וּמִן הַהֶפְקֵר, וְלֹא מִמַּעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה תְּרוּמָתוֹ, וְלֹא מִמַּעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, וְלֹא מִן הַחַיָּב עַל הַפָּטוּר, וְלֹא מִן הַפָּטוּר עַל הַחַיָּב, וְלֹא מִן הַתָּלוּשׁ עַל הַמְחֻבָּר, וְלֹא מִן הַמְחֻבָּר עַל הַתָּלוּשׁ, וְלֹא מִן הֶחָדָשׁ עַל הַיָּשָׁן, וְלֹא מִן הַיָּשָׁן עַל הֶחָדָשׁ, וְלֹא מִפֵּרוֹת הָאָרֶץ עַל פֵּרוֹת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, וְלֹא מִפֵּרוֹת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ עַל פֵּרוֹת הָאָרֶץ. וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, אֵין תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה: \n",
|
28 |
+
"חֲמִשָּׁה לֹא יִתְרֹמוּ, וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה. הָאִלֵּם, וְהַשִּׁכּוֹר, וְהֶעָרוֹם, וְהַסּוּמָא, וּבַעַל קֶרִי. לֹא יִתְרֹמוּ, וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה: \n",
|
29 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין, לֹא בְמִדָּה, וְלֹא בְמִשְׁקָל, וְלֹא בְמִנְיָן. אֲבָל תּוֹרֵם הוּא אֶת הַמָּדוּד וְאֶת הַשָּׁקוּל וְאֶת הַמָּנוּי. אֵין תּוֹרְמִין בְּסַל וּבְקֻפָּה שֶׁהֵם שֶׁל מִדָּה, אֲבָל תּוֹרֵם הוּא בָהֶן חֶצְיָן וּשְׁלִישָׁן. לֹא יִתְרֹם בִּסְאָה חֶצְיָהּ, שֶׁחֶצְיָהּ מִדָּה: \n",
|
30 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין שֶׁמֶן עַל זֵיתִים הַנִּכְתָּשִׁין, וְלֹא יַיִן עַל עֲנָבִים הַנִּדְרָכִים. וְאִם תָּרַם, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה, וְיַחֲזֹר וְיִתְרֹם. הָרִאשׁוֹנָה מְדַמַּעַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, וְחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חֹמֶשׁ, אֲבָל לֹא שְׁנִיָּה: \n",
|
31 |
+
"וְתוֹרְמִין שֶׁמֶן עַל זֵיתִים הַנִּכְבָּשִׁים, וְיַיִן עַל עֲנָבִים לַעֲשׂוֹתָם צִמּוּקִים. הֲרֵי שֶׁתָּרַם שֶׁמֶן עַל זֵיתִים לַאֲכִילָה, וְזֵיתִים עַל זֵיתִים לַאֲכִילָה, וְיַיִן עַל עֲנָבִים לַאֲכִילָה, וָעֲנָבִים עַל עֲנָבִים לַאֲכִילָה, וְנִמְלַךְ לְדָרְכָן, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִתְרֹם: \n",
|
32 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִדָּבָר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ עַל דָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ, וְלֹא מִדָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ עַל דָּבָר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ, וְלֹא מִדָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ עַל דָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ. וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה: \n"
|
33 |
+
],
|
34 |
+
[
|
35 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִטָּהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא. וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה. בֶּאֱמֶת אָמְרוּ, הָעִגּוּל שֶׁל דְּבֵלָה שֶׁנִּטְמָא מִקְצָתוֹ, תּוֹרֵם מִן הַטָּהוֹר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ עַל הַטָּמֵא שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ. וְכֵן אֲגֻדָּה שֶׁל יָרָק, וְכֵן עֲרֵמָה. הָיוּ שְׁנֵי עִגּוּלִים, שְׁתֵּי אֲגֻדּוֹת, שְׁתֵּי עֲרֵמוֹת, אַחַת טְמֵאָה וְאַחַת טְהוֹרָה, לֹא יִתְרֹם מִזֶּה עַל זֶה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תּוֹרְמִין מִן הַטָּהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא: \n",
|
36 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִן הַטָּמֵא עַל הַטָּהוֹר. וְאִם תָּרַם, שׁוֹגֵג, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְּרוּמָה, וּמֵזִיד, לֹא עָשָׂה כְלוּם. וְכֵן בֶּן לֵוִי שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר טֶבֶל, הָיָה מַפְרִישׁ עָלָיו וְהוֹלֵךְ, שׁוֹגֵג, מַה שֶׁעָשָׂה, עָשׂוּי, מֵזִיד, לֹא עָשָׂה כְלוּם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיָה יוֹדֵעַ בּוֹ בַּתְּחִלָּה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹגֵג, לֹא עָשָׂה כְלוּם: \n",
|
37 |
+
"הַמַּטְבִּיל כֵּלִים בְּשַׁבָּת, שׁוֹגֵג, יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם, מֵזִיד, לֹא יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם. הַמְעַשֵּׂר וְהַמְבַשֵּׁל בְּשַׁבָּת, שׁוֹגֵג, יֹאכַל, מֵזִיד, לֹא יֹאכַל. הַנּוֹטֵעַ בְּשַׁבָּת, שׁוֹגֵג, יְקַיֵּם, מֵזִיד, יַעֲקֹר. וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית, בֵּין שׁוֹגֵג בֵּין מֵזִיד, יַעֲקֹר: \n",
|
38 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִמִּין עַל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ. וְאִם תָּרַם, אֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. כָּל מִין חִטִּים, אֶחָד. כָּל מִין תְּאֵנִים וּגְרוֹגָרוֹת וּדְבֵלָה, אֶחָד. וְתוֹרֵם מִזֶּה עַל זֶה. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ כֹּהֵן, תּוֹרֵם מִן הַיָּפֶה. וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין כֹּהֵן, תּוֹרֵם מִן הַמִּתְקַיֵּם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לְעוֹלָם הוּא תוֹרֵם מִן הַיָּפֶה: \n",
|
39 |
+
"תּוֹרְמִין בָּצָל קָטָן שָׁלֵם, וְלֹא חֲצִי בָצָל גָּדוֹל. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לֹא כִי, אֶלָּא חֲצִי בָצָל גָּדוֹל. וְכֵן הָיָה רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, תּוֹרְמִין בְּצָלִים מִבְּנֵי הַמְּדִינָה עַל הַכּוּפְרִים, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הַכּוּפְרִים עַל בְּנֵי הַמְּדִינָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַאֲכַל פּוֹלִיטִיקִין: \n",
|
40 |
+
"וְתוֹרְמִין זֵיתֵי שֶׁמֶן עַל זֵיתֵי כֶבֶשׁ, וְלֹא זֵיתֵי כֶבֶשׁ עַל זֵיתֵי שָׁמֶן. וְיַיִן שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְבֻשָּׁל עַל הַמְבֻשָּׁל, וְלֹא מִן הַמְבֻשָּׁל עַל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְבֻשָּׁל. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל שֶׁהוּא כִלְאַיִם בַּחֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יִתְרֹם מִזֶּה עַל זֶה, אֲפִלּוּ מִן הַיָּפֶה עַל הָרָע. וְכָל שֶׁאֵינוֹ כִלְאַיִם בַּחֲבֵרוֹ, תּוֹרֵם מִן הַיָּפֶה עַל הָרָע, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הָרַע עַל הַיָּפֶה. וְאִם תָּרַם מִן הָרַע עַל הַיָּפֶה, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה, חוּץ מִן הַזּוּנִין עַל הַחִטִּים, שֶׁאֵינָן אֹכֶל. וְהַקִּשּׁוּת וְהַמְּלָפְפוֹן, מִין אֶחָד. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שְׁנֵי מִינִין: \n"
|
41 |
+
],
|
42 |
+
[
|
43 |
+
"הַתּוֹרֵם קִשּׁוּת וְנִמְצֵאת מָרָה, אֲבַטִּיחַ וְנִמְצָא סָרוּחַ, תְּרוּמָה, וְיַחֲזֹר וְיִתְרֹם. הַתּוֹרֵם חָבִית שֶׁל יַיִן וְנִמְצֵאת שֶׁל חֹמֶץ, אִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁהָיְתָה שֶׁל חֹמֶץ עַד שֶׁלֹּא תְרָמָהּ, אֵינָה תְרוּמָה. אִם מִשֶּׁתְּרָמָהּ הֶחֱמִיצָה, הֲרֵי זוֹ תְרוּמָה. אִם סָפֵק, תְּרוּמָה, וְיַחֲזֹר וְיִתְרֹם. הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חֹמֶשׁ. וְכֵן הַשְּׁנִיָּה: \n",
|
44 |
+
"נָפְלָה אַחַת מֵהֶן לְתוֹךְ הַחֻלִּין, אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעְתָּן. נָפְלָה שְׁנִיָּה לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעְתָּן. נָפְלוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, מְדַמְּעוֹת כַּקְּטַנָּה שֶׁבִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן: \n",
|
45 |
+
"הַשֻּׁתָּפִין שֶׁתָּרְמוּ זֶה אַחַר זֶה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, תְּרוּמַת שְׁנֵיהֶם תְּרוּמָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, תְּרוּמַת הָרִאשׁוֹן תְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם תָּרַם הָרִאשׁוֹן כַּשִּׁעוּר, אֵין תְּרוּמַת הַשֵּׁנִי תְּרוּמָה. וְאִם לֹא תָרַם הָרִאשׁוֹן כַּשִּׁעוּר, תְּרוּמַת הַשֵּׁנִי תְּרוּמָה: \n",
|
46 |
+
"בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּשֶׁלֹּא דִבֵּר, אֲבָל הִרְשָׁה אֶת בֶּן בֵּיתוֹ אוֹ אֶת עַבְדּוֹ אוֹ אֶת שִׁפְחָתוֹ לִתְרֹם, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. בִּטֵּל, אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא תָרַם בִּטֵּל, אֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. וְאִם מִשֶּׁתָּרַם בִּטֵּל, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. הַפּוֹעֲלִים, אֵין לָהֶן רְשׁוּת לִתְרֹם, חוּץ מִן הַדָּרוֹכוֹת, שֶׁהֵן מְטַמְּאִים אֶת הַגַּת מִיָּד: \n",
|
47 |
+
"הָאוֹמֵר, תְּרוּמַת הַכְּרִי זֶה בְּתוֹכוֹ, וּמַעַשְׂרוֹתָיו בְּתוֹכוֹ, תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר זֶה בְּתוֹכוֹ, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, קָרָא שֵׁם. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר בִּצְפוֹנוֹ אוֹ בִדְרוֹמוֹ. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר חִסְמָא אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹמֵר, תְּרוּמַת הַכְּרִי מִמֶּנּוּ עָלָיו, קָרָא שֵׁם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹמֵר, עִשּׂוּר מַעֲשֵׂר זֶה עָשׂוּי תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר עָלָיו, קָרָא שֵׁם: \n",
|
48 |
+
"הַמַּקְדִים תְּרוּמָה לַבִּכּוּרִים, מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לַתְּרוּמָה, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה, מַה שֶּׁעָשָׂה עָשׂוּי. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כב), מְלֵאָתְךָ וְדִמְעֲךָ לֹא תְאַחֵר: \n",
|
49 |
+
"וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁיִּקְדְּמוּ הַבִּכּוּרִים לַתְּרוּמָה, זֶה קָרוּי תְּרוּמָה וְרֵאשִׁית, וְזֶה קָרוּי תְּרוּמָה וְרֵאשִׁית, אֶלָּא יִקְדְּמוּ בִכּוּרִים, שֶׁהֵן בִּכּוּרִים לַכֹּל. וּתְרוּמָה לָרִאשׁוֹן, שֶׁהִיא רֵאשִׁית. וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לַשֵּׁנִי, שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ רֵאשִׁית: \n",
|
50 |
+
"הַמִּתְכַּוֵּן לוֹמַר תְּרוּמָה וְאָמַר מַעֲשֵׂר, מַעֲשֵׂר וְאָמַר תְּרוּמָה, עוֹלָה וְאָמַר שְׁלָמִים, שְׁלָמִים וְאָמַר עוֹלָה, שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנָס לְבַיִת זֶה וְאָמַר לָזֶה, שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לָזֶה וְאָמַר לָזֶה, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ פִיו וְלִבּוֹ שָׁוִין: \n",
|
51 |
+
"הַנָּכְרִי וְהַכּוּתִי, תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה, וּמַעַשְׂרוֹתֵיהֶן מַעֲשֵׂר, וְהֶקְדֵּשָׁן הֶקְדֵּשׁ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין לַנָּכְרִי כֶּרֶם רְבָעִי. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יֶשׁ לוֹ. תְּרוּמַת הַנָּכְרִי מְדַמַּעַת, וְחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חֹמֶשׁ. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר: \n"
|
52 |
+
],
|
53 |
+
[
|
54 |
+
"הַמַּפְרִישׁ מִקְצָת תְּרוּמָה וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת, מוֹצִיא מִמֶּנּוּ תְּרוּמָה עָלָיו, אֲבָל לֹא לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף מוֹצִיא הוּא מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר תְּרוּמָה וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת: ",
|
55 |
+
"מִי שֶׁהָיוּ פֵרוֹתָיו בַּמְּגוּרָה, וְנָתַן סְאָה לְבֶן לֵוִי וּסְאָה לְעָנִי, מַפְרִישׁ עַד שְׁמֹנֶה סְאִין וְאוֹכְלָן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מַפְרִישׁ אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן: ",
|
56 |
+
"שִׁעוּר תְּרוּמָה, עַיִן יָפָה, אֶחָד מֵאַרְבָּעִים. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מִשְּׁלֹשִׁים. וְהַבֵּינוֹנִית, מֵחֲמִשִּׁים. וְהָרָעָה, מִשִּׁשִּׁים. תָּרַם וְעָלָה בְיָדוֹ אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים, תְּרוּמָה, וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִתְרֹם. חָזַר וְהוֹסִיף, חַיָּב בְּמַעַשְׂרוֹת. עָלָה בְיָדוֹ מִשִּׁשִּׁים וְאֶחָד, תְּרוּמָה, וְיַחֲזֹר וְיִתְרֹם כְּמוֹת שֶׁהוּא לָמוּד, בְּמִדָּה וּבְמִשְׁקָל וּבְמִנְיָן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף שֶׁלֹּא מִן הַמֻּקָּף: ",
|
57 |
+
"הָאוֹמֵר לִשְׁלוּחוֹ, צֵא וּתְרֹם, תּוֹרֵם כְּדַעְתּוֹ שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבָּיִת. אִם אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, תּוֹרֵם כְּבֵינוֹנִית, אֶחָד מֵחֲמִשִּׁים. פִּחֵת עֲשָׂרָה אוֹ הוֹסִיף עֲשָׂרָה, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. אִם נִתְכַּוֵּן לְהוֹסִיף אֲפִלּוּ אַחַת, אֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה: ",
|
58 |
+
"הַמַּרְבֶּה בִּתְרוּמָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֶחָד מֵעֲשָׂרָה, כִּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר, יָתֵר מִכָּאן, יַעֲשֶׂנָּה תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, מֶחֱצָה חֻלִּין וּמֶחֱצָה תְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיְּשַׁיֵּר שָׁם חֻלִּין: ",
|
59 |
+
"בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה פְרָקִים מְשַׁעֲרִים אֶת הַכַּלְכָּלָה, בַּבַּכּוּרוֹת, וּבַסְּיָפוֹת, וּבְאֶמְצַע הַקָּיִץ. הַמּוֹנֶה, מְשֻׁבָּח. וְהַמּוֹדֵד, מְשֻׁבָּח מִמֶּנּוּ. וְהַשּׁוֹקֵל, מְשֻׁבָּח מִשְּׁלָשְׁתָּן: ",
|
60 |
+
"רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תְּרוּמָה, עוֹלָה בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, בְּמֵאָה וָעוֹד. וָעוֹד זֶה, אֵין לוֹ שִׁעוּר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן מְשֻׁלָּם אוֹמֵר, וָעוֹד, קַב לְמֵאָה סְאָה, שְׁתוּת לַמְּדַמֵּעַ: ",
|
61 |
+
"רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, תְּאֵנִים שְׁחוֹרוֹת מַעֲלוֹת אֶת הַלְּבָנוֹת, לְבָנוֹת, מַעֲלוֹת אֶת הַשְּׁחוֹרוֹת. עִגּוּלֵי דְבֵלָה, הַגְּדוֹלִים מַעֲלִים אֶת הַקְּטַנִּים, וְהַקְּטַנִּים מַעֲלִין אֶת הַגְּדוֹלִים. הָעִגּוּלִים מַעֲלִין אֶת הַמַּלְבְּנִים, וְהַמַּלְבְּנִים מַעֲלִין אֶת הָעִגּוּלִים. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, בְּיָדוּעַ מַה נָּפְלָה, אֵין מַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ, וּכְשֶׁאֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ מַה נָּפְלָה, מַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ: ",
|
62 |
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"כֵּיצַד, חֲמִשִּׁים תְּאֵנִים שְׁחוֹרוֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁים לְבָנוֹת, נָפְלָה שְׁחוֹרָה, שְׁחוֹרוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת וְהַלְּבָנוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת. נָפְלָה לְבָנָה, לְבָנוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת וּשְׁחוֹרוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת. בְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ מַה נָּפְלָה, מַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. בְּזוֹ רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַחְמִי��, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מֵקֵל: ",
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+
"וּבְזוֹ רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מֵקֵל, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מַחְמִיר. בְּדוֹרֵס לִיטְרָא קְצִיעוֹת עַל פִּי הַכַּד וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזוֹהִי, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, רוֹאִין אוֹתָן כְּאִלּוּ הֵן פְּרוּדוֹת, וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנוֹת מַעֲלוֹת אֶת הָעֶלְיוֹנוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לֹא תַעֲלֶה עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ שָׁם מֵאָה כַדִּים: ",
|
64 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה עַל פִּי מְגוּרָה וְקִפְּאָהּ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אִם יֵשׁ בַּקִּפּוּי מֵאָה סְאָה, תַּעֲלֶה בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לֹא תַעֲלֶה. סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה עַל פִּי מְגוּרָה, יַקְפִּיאֶנָּה. וְאִם כֵּן, לָמָּה אָמְרוּ תְּרוּמָה עוֹלָה בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, אִם אֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ אִם בְּלוּלוֹת הֵן, אוֹ לְאַיִן נָפְלָה: ",
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65 |
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"שְׁתֵּי קֻפּוֹת וּשְׁתֵּי מְגוּרוֹת שֶׁנָּפְלָה סְאָה תְרוּמָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶן, וְאֵין יָדוּעַ לְאֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן נָפְלָה, מַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ הֵם בִּשְׁתֵּי עֲיָרוֹת, מַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ: ",
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66 |
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"אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, מַעֲשֶׂה בָא לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא בַּחֲמִשִּׁים אֲגֻדּוֹת שֶׁל יָרָק, שֶׁנָּפְלָה אַחַת מֵהֶן לְתוֹכָן, חֶצְיָהּ תְּרוּמָה, וְאָמַרְתִּי לְפָנָיו, תַּעֲלֶה. לֹא שֶׁהַתְּרוּמָה תַעֲלֶה בַּחֲמִשִּׁים וְאֶחָד, אֶלָּא שֶׁהָיוּ שָׁם מֵאָה וּשְׁנֵי חֲצָיִים: "
|
67 |
+
],
|
68 |
+
[
|
69 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה חֻלִּין, אוֹ לְמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן, אוֹ לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אוֹ לְהֶקְדֵּשׁ, בֵּין טְמֵאִין בֵּין טְהוֹרִים, יֵרָקֵבוּ. אִם טְהוֹרָה הָיְתָה אוֹתָהּ הַסְּאָה, יִמָּכְרוּ לַכֹּהֲנִים בִּדְמֵי תְרוּמָה, חוּץ מִדְּמֵי אוֹתָהּ סְאָה. וְאִם לְמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן נָפְלָה, יִקְרָא שֵׁם לִתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר. וְאִם לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אוֹ לְהֶקְדֵּשׁ נָפְלָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִפָּדוּ. וְאִם טְמֵאִים הָיוּ אוֹתָן הַחֻלִּין, יֵאָכְלוּ נִקּוּדִים אוֹ קְלָיוֹת, אוֹ יִלּוֹשׁוּ בְמֵי פֵרוֹת, אוֹ יִתְחַלְּקוּ לְעִסּוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בְמָקוֹם אֶחָד כַּבֵּיצָה: ",
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70 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְתוֹךְ מֵאָה חֻלִּין טְהוֹרִין, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תֵּרוֹם וְתִשָּׂרֵף, שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר, סְאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה הִיא סְאָה שֶׁעָלְתָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, תַּעֲלֶה וְתֵאָכֵל נִקּוּדִים אוֹ קְלָיוֹת, אוֹ תִלּוֹשׁ בְּמֵי פֵרוֹת, אוֹ תִתְחַלֵּק לְעִסּוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בְמָקוֹם אֶחָד כַּבֵּיצָה: ",
|
71 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה חֻלִּין טְמֵאִין, תַּעֲלֶה וְתֵאָכֵל נִקּוּדִים אוֹ קְלָיוֹת, אוֹ תִלּוֹשׁ בְּמֵי פֵרוֹת, אוֹ תִתְחַלֵּק לְעִסּוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בְמָקוֹם אֶחָד כַּבֵּיצָה: ",
|
72 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹסְרִים, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מַתִּירִין. אָמְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְבֵית שַׁמַּאי, הוֹאִיל וּטְהוֹרָה אֲסוּרָה לְזָרִים וּטְמֵאָה אֲסוּרָה לְכֹהֲנִים, מַה טְּהוֹרָה עוֹלָה, אַף טְמֵאָה תַּעֲלֶה. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, לֹא, אִם הֶעֱלוּ הַחֻלִּין הַקַּלִּין הַמֻּתָּרִין לְזָרִים אֶת הַטְּהוֹרָה, תַּעֲלֶה תְרוּמָה הַחֲמוּרָה הָאֲסוּרָה לְזָרִים אֶת הַטְּמֵאָה. לְאַחַר שֶׁהוֹדוּ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תֵּרוֹם וְתִשָּׂרֵף. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אָבְדָה בְמִעוּטָהּ: ",
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73 |
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"סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, הִגְבִּיהָהּ וְנָפְלָה לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְדַמַּעַת כִּתְרוּמָה וַדָּאי. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָה מְדַמַּעַת אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן: ",
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74 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה וְנִדַּמְּעוּ, וְנָפַל מִן הַמְדֻמָּע לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְדַמַּעַת כִּתְרוּמָה וַדָּאי. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין הַמְדֻמָּע מְדַמֵּעַ אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן, וְאֵין הַמְחֻמָּץ מַחְמִיץ אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן, וְאֵין הַמַּיִם שְׁאוּבִים פּוֹסְלִים אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן: ",
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75 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, הִגְבִּיהָהּ וְנָפְלָה אַחֶרֶת, הִגְבִּיהָהּ וְנָפְלָה אַחֶרֶת, הֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת, עַד שֶׁתִּרְבֶּה תְרוּמָה עַל הַחֻלִּין: ",
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76 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לְהַגְבִּיהָהּ עַד שֶׁנָּפְלָה אַחֶרֶת, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר: ",
|
77 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, וּטְחָנָן וּפָחֲתוּ, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁפָּחֲתוּ הַחֻלִּין, כָּךְ פָּחֲתָה הַתְּרוּמָה, וּמֻתָּר. סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה, וּטְחָנָן וְהוֹתִירוּ, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוֹתִירוּ הַחֻלִּין, כָּךּ הוֹתִירָה הַתְּרוּמָה, וְאָסוּר. אִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁהַחִטִּים שֶׁל חֻלִּין יָפוֹת מִשֶּׁל תְּרוּמָה, מֻתָּר. סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה, וְאַחַר כֵּן נָפְלוּ שָׁם חֻלִּין, אִם שׁוֹגֵג, מֻתָּר, וְאִם מֵזִיד, אָסוּר: "
|
78 |
+
],
|
79 |
+
[
|
80 |
+
"הָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמָה שׁוֹגֵג, מְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ. אֶחָד הָאוֹכֵל וְאֶחָד הַשּׁוֹתֶה וְאֶחָד הַסָּךְ, אֶחָד תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה וְאֶחָד תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה, מְשַׁלֵּם חֻמְשָׁהּ וְחֹמֶשׁ חֻמְשָׁהּ. אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם תְּרוּמָה, אֶלָּא חֻלִּין מְתֻקָּנִים, וְהֵם נַעֲשִׂין תְּרוּמָה, וְהַתַּשְׁלוּמִין תְּרוּמָה. אִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, אֵינוֹ מוֹחֵל: ",
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81 |
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"בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁאָכְלָה תְרוּמָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, אִם תְּרוּמָה שֶׁלֹּא זָכָה בָהּ כֹּהֵן אָכְלָה, מְשַׁלֶּמֶת קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ לְעַצְמָהּ. וְאִם תְּרוּמָה שֶׁזָּכָה בָהּ כֹּהֵן אָכְלָה, מְשַׁלֶּמֶת קֶרֶן לַבְּעָלִים, וְחֹמֶשׁ לְעַצְמָהּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ, הָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמָה שׁוֹגֵג, מְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן לַבְּעָלִים, וְחֹמֶשׁ לְכָל מִי שֶׁיִּרְצֶה: ",
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82 |
+
"הַמַּאֲכִיל אֶת פּוֹעֲלָיו וְאֶת אוֹרְחָיו תְּרוּמָה, הוּא מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן, וְהֵם מְשַׁלְּמִין אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הֵם מְשַׁלְּמִין קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, וְהוּא מְשַׁלֵּם לָהֶם דְּמֵי סְעוּדָתָן: ",
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+
"הַגּוֹנֵב תְּרוּמָה וְלֹא אֲכָלָהּ, מְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי כֵפֶל דְּמֵי תְרוּמָה. אֲכָלָהּ, מְשַׁלֵּם שְׁנֵי קְרָנִים וְחֹמֶשׁ, קֶרֶן וְ��ֹמֶשׁ מִן הַחֻלִּין, וְקֶרֶן דְּמֵי תְרוּמָה. גָּנַב תְּרוּמַת הֶקְדֵּשׁ וַאֲכָלָהּ, מְשַׁלֵּם שְׁנֵי חֳמָשִׁים וְקֶרֶן, שֶׁאֵין בַּהֶקְדֵּשׁ תַּשְׁלוּמֵי כָפֶל: ",
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84 |
+
"אֵין מְשַׁלְּמִין מִן הַלֶּקֶט וּמִן הַשִּׁכְחָה וּמִן הַפֵּאָה וּמִן הַהֶפְקֵר, וְלֹא מִמַּעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה תְּרוּמָתוֹ, וְלֹא מִמַּעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, שֶׁאֵין הֶקְדֵּשׁ פּוֹדֶה אֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין בָּאֵלּוּ: ",
|
85 |
+
"רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְשַׁלְּמִין מִמִּין עַל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ, בִּלְבַד שֶׁיְּשַׁלֵּם מִן הַיָּפֶה עַל הָרָע. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין מְשַׁלְּמִין אֶלָּא מִמִּין עַל מִינוֹ. לְפִיכָךְ, אִם אָכַל קִשּׁוּאִין שֶׁל עֶרֶב שְׁבִיעִית, יַמְתִּין לְקִשּׁוּאִין שֶׁל מוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית, וִישַׁלֵּם מֵהֶם. מִמְּקוֹם שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מֵקֵל, מִשָּׁם רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מַחְמִיר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כב), וְנָתַן לַכֹּהֵן אֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ, כָּל שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי לִהְיוֹת קֹדֶשׁ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, וְנָתַן לַכֹּהֵן אֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ, קֹדֶשׁ שֶׁאָכָל: "
|
86 |
+
],
|
87 |
+
[
|
88 |
+
"הָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמָה מֵזִיד, מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ. הַתַּשְׁלוּמִין חֻלִּין, אִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, מוֹחֵל: ",
|
89 |
+
"בַּת כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָכְלָה תְרוּמָה, מְשַׁלֶּמֶת אֶת הַקֶּרֶן וְאֵינָהּ מְשַׁלֶּמֶת אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, וּמִיתָתָהּ בִּשְׂרֵפָה. נִשֵּׂאת לְאֶחָד מִכָּל הַפְּסוּלִין, מְשַׁלֶּמֶת קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, וּמִיתָתָהּ בְּחֶנֶק, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, זוֹ וָזוֹ מְשַׁלְּמוֹת אֶת הַקֶּרֶן וְאֵינָן מְשַׁלְּמוֹת אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, וּמִיתָתָן בִּשְׂרֵפָה: ",
|
90 |
+
"הַמַּאֲכִיל אֶת בָּנָיו קְטַנִּים, וְאֶת עֲבָדָיו בֵּין גְּדוֹלִים בֵּין קְטַנִּים, הָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, וְהָאוֹכֵל פָּחוֹת מִכַּזַּיִת תְּרוּמָה, מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן, וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ. וְהַתַּשְׁלוּמִין חֻלִּין, אִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, מוֹחֵל: ",
|
91 |
+
"זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל הַמְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, הַתַּשְׁלוּמִין תְּרוּמָה, אִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, אֵינוֹ מוֹחֵל. וְכָל הַמְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, הַתַּשְׁלוּמִין חֻלִּין, אִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, מוֹחֵל: ",
|
92 |
+
"שְׁתֵּי קֻפּוֹת, אַחַת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְאַחַת שֶׁל חֻלִּין, שֶׁנָּפְלָה סְאָה תְרוּמָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ לְאֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן נָפְלָה, הֲרֵי אֲנִי אוֹמֵר, לְתוֹךְ שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה נָפְלָה. אֵין יָדוּעַ אֵיזוֹ הִיא שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא שֶׁל חֻלִּין, אָכַל אַחַת מֵהֶן, פָּטוּר, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה, נוֹהֵג בָּהּ כִּתְרוּמָה, וְחַיֶּבֶת בְּחַלָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי פּוֹטְרָהּ. אָכַל אַחֵר אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה, פָּטוּר. אָכַל אֶחָד אֶת שְׁתֵּיהֶן, מְשַׁלֵּם כַּקְּטַנָּה שֶׁבִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן: ",
|
93 |
+
"נָפְלָה אַחַת מֵהֶן לְתוֹךְ הַחֻלִּין, אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעְתָּן, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה, נו��הֵג בָּהּ כִּתְרוּמָה, וְחַיֶּבֶת בְּחַלָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי פּוֹטֵר. נָפְלָה שְׁנִיָּה לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעְתָּן. נָפְלוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, מְדַמְּעוֹת כַּקְּטַנָּה שֶׁבִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן: ",
|
94 |
+
"זָרַע אֶת אַחַת מֵהֶן, פָּטוּר, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה, נוֹהֵג בָּהּ כִּתְרוּמָה, וְחַיֶּבֶת בְּחַלָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי פּוֹטֵר. זָרַע אַחֵר אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה, פָּטוּר. זָרַע אֶחָד אֶת שְׁתֵּיהֶן, בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה, מֻתָּר, וּבְדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה. אָסוּר: "
|
95 |
+
],
|
96 |
+
[
|
97 |
+
"הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָיְתָה אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה, בָּאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ, מֵת בַּעְלִיךְ אוֹ גֵרְשֵׁךְ, וְכֵן הָעֶבֶד שֶׁהָיָה אוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמָה, וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵת רַבָּךְ, אוֹ מְכָרָךְ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, אוֹ נְתָנָךְ בְּמַתָּנָה, אוֹ עֲשָׂאָךְ בֶּן חוֹרִין. וְכֵן כֹּהֵן שֶׁהָיָה אוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמָה, וְנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בֶן גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ בֶן חֲלוּצָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְחַיֵּב קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פּוֹטֵר. הָיָה עוֹמֵד וּמַקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בֶן גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ בֶן חֲלוּצָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת שֶׁהִקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, פְּסוּלִים. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מַכְשִׁיר. נוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בַעַל מוּם, עֲבוֹדָתוֹ פְּסוּלָה: \n",
|
98 |
+
"וְכֻלָּם, שֶׁהָיְתָה תְרוּמָה בְתוֹךְ פִּיהֶם, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִבְלְעוּ. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, יִפְלֹטוּ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, נִטְמֵאתָ וְנִטְמֵאת תְּרוּמָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִבְלָע. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, יִפְלֹט. טָמֵא הָיִיתָ וּטְמֵאָה הָיְתָה תְרוּמָה, אוֹ נוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא טֶבֶל, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדּוּ, אוֹ שֶׁטָּעַם טַעַם פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ לְתוֹךְ פִּיו, הֲרֵי זֶה יִפְלֹט: \n",
|
99 |
+
"הָיָה אוֹכֵל בְּאֶשְׁכּוֹל וְנִכְנַס מִן הַגִּנָּה לֶחָצֵר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִגְמֹר. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לֹא יִגְמֹר. חֲשֵׁכָה לֵילֵי שַׁבָּת, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, יִגְמֹר. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, לֹא יִגְמֹר: \n",
|
100 |
+
"יַיִן שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה שֶׁנִּתְגַּלָּה, יִשָּׁפֵךְ, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁל חֻלִּין. שְׁלֹשָׁה מַשְׁקִין אֲסוּרִים מִשּׁוּם גִּלּוּי, הַמַּיִם וְהַיַּיִן וְהֶחָלָב. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין מֻתָּרִים. כַּמָּה יִשְׁהוּ וְיִהְיוּ אֲסוּרִין, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּצֵא הָרַחַשׁ מִמָּקוֹם קָרוֹב וְיִשְׁתֶּה: \n",
|
101 |
+
"שִׁעוּר הַמַּיִם הַמְגֻלִּין, כְּדֵי שֶׁתֹּאבַד בָּהֶם הַמָּרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בְּכֵלִים, כָּל שֶׁהֵן, וּבַקַּרְקָעוֹת, אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה: \n",
|
102 |
+
"נִקּוּרֵי תְאֵנִים וַעֲנָבִים וְקִשּׁוּאִין וְהַדְּלוּעִין וְהָאֲבַטִּיחִים וְהַמְּלָפְפוֹנוֹת, אֲפִלּוּ הֵם כִּכָּר, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, אֶחָד תָּלוּשׁ וְאֶחָד מְחֻבָּר, כָּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ לֵחָה, אָסוּר. וּנְשׁוּכַת הַנָּחָשׁ, אֲסוּרָה, מִפְּנֵי סַכָּנַת נְפָשׁוֹת: \n",
|
103 |
+
"הַמְשַׁמֶּרֶת שֶׁל יַיִן, אֲסו��רָה מִשּׁוּם גִּלּוּי. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה מַתִּיר: \n",
|
104 |
+
"חָבִית שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה שֶׁנּוֹלַד בָּהּ סְפֵק טֻמְאָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיְתָה מֻנַּחַת בִּמְקוֹם תֻּרְפָּה, יַנִּיחֶנָּה בְּמָקוֹם הַמֻּצְנָע, וְאִם הָיְתָה מְגֻלָּה, יְכַסֶּנָּה. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיְתָה מֻנַּחַת בְּמָקוֹם מֻצְנָע, יַנִּיחֶנָּה בִּמְקוֹם תֻּרְפָּה, וְאִם הָיְתָה מְכֻסָּה, יְגַלֶּנָּה. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַל יְחַדֵּשׁ בָּהּ דָּבָר: \n",
|
105 |
+
"חָבִית שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה בַּגַּת הָעֶלְיוֹנָה, וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה טְמֵאָה, מוֹדֶה רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שֶׁאִם יְכוֹלִים לְהַצִּיל מִמֶּנָּה רְבִיעִית בְּטָהֳרָה, יַצִּיל. וְאִם לָאו, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תֵּרֵד וְתִטַּמֵּא, וְאַל יְטַמְּאֶנָּה בְיָדָיו: \n",
|
106 |
+
"וְכֵן חָבִית שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן שֶׁנִּשְׁפְּכָה, מוֹדֶה רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שֶׁאִם יָכוֹל לְהַצִּיל מִמֶּנָּה רְבִיעִית בְּטָהֳרָה, יַצִּיל. וְאִם לָאו, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תֵּרֵד וְתִבָּלַע, וְאַל יְבַלְּעֶנָּה בְיָדָיו: \n",
|
107 |
+
"וְעַל זוֹ וְעַל זוֹ אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, לֹא זוֹ הִיא תְרוּמָה שֶׁאֲנִי מֻזְהָר עָלֶיהָ מִלְּטַמְּאָהּ, אֶלָּא מִלְּאָכְלָהּ. וּבַל תְּטַמְּאָהּ כֵּיצַד, הָיָה עוֹבֵר מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם וְכִכָּרוֹת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה בְיָדוֹ, אָמַר לוֹ נָכְרִי, תֶּן לִי אַחַת מֵהֶן וַאֲטַמְּאָהּ, וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי אֲנִי מְטַמֵּא אֶת כֻּלָּהּ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יְטַמֵּא אֶת כֻּלָּהּ, וְאַל יִתֶּן לוֹ אַחַת מֵהֶן וִיטַמֵּא. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, יַנִּיחַ לְפָנָיו אַחַת מֵהֶן עַל הַסָּלַע: \n",
|
108 |
+
"וְכֵן נָשִׁים שֶׁאָמְרוּ לָהֶם נָכְרִים, תְּנוּ אַחַת מִכֶּם וּנְטַמֵּא, וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי אָנוּ מְטַמְּאִים אֶת כֻּלְּכֶם, יְטַמְּאוּ אֶת כֻּלָּן, וְאַל יִמְסְרוּ לָהֶם נֶפֶשׁ אַחַת מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל: \n"
|
109 |
+
],
|
110 |
+
[
|
111 |
+
"הַזּוֹרֵעַ תְּרוּמָה, שׁוֹגֵג, יוֹפַךְ. וּמֵזִיד, יְקַיֵּם. אִם הֵבִיאָה שְׁלִישׁ, בֵּין שׁוֹגֵג בֵּין מֵזִיד, יְקַיֵּם. וּבְפִשְׁתָּן, מֵזִיד, יוֹפַךְ: \n",
|
112 |
+
"וְחַיֶּבֶת בְּלֶקֶט וּבְשִׁכְחָה וּבְפֵאָה. וַעֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַעֲנִיֵּי כֹהֲנִים, מְלַקְּטִים. וַעֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל, מוֹכְרִין אֶת שֶׁלָּהֶם לַכֹּהֲנִים בִּדְמֵי תְרוּמָה, וְהַדָּמִים שֶׁלָּהֶם. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, לֹא יְלַקְּטוּ אֶלָּא עֲנִיֵּי כֹהֲנִים, שֶׁמָּא יִשְׁכְּחוּ וְיִתְּנוּ לְתוֹךְ פִּיהֶם. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, אִם כֵּן, לֹא יְלַקְּטוּ אֶלָּא טְהוֹרִים: \n",
|
113 |
+
"וְחַיֶּבֶת בְּמַעַשְׂרוֹת וּבְמַעֲשַׂר עָנִי, וַעֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַעֲנִיֵּי כֹהֲנִים נוֹטְלִים, וַעֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל מוֹכְרִין אֶת שֶׁלָּהֶם לְכֹהֲנִים בִּדְמֵי תְרוּמָה, וְהַדָּמִים שֶׁלָּהֶם. הַחוֹבֵט מְשֻׁבָּח. וְהַדָּשׁ כֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה, תּוֹלֶה כְפִיפוֹת בְּצַוְּארֵי בְהֵמָה וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָן מֵאוֹתוֹ הַמִּין, נִמְצָא לֹא זוֹמֵם אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה וְלֹא מַאֲכִיל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה: \n",
|
114 |
+
"גִּדּוּלֵי תְרוּמָה, תְּרוּמָה. וְגִּדּוּלֵי גִדּוּלִין, חֻלִּין. אֲבָל הַטֶּבֶל וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן וּסְפִיחֵי שְׁבִיעִית וּתְרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ וְהַמְדֻמָּע וְהַבִּכּוּרִים, גִּדּוּלֵיהֶן, חֻלִּין. גִּדּוּלֵי הֶקְדֵּשׁ וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, חֻלִּין, וּפוֹדֶה אוֹתָם בִּזְמַן זַרְעָם: \n",
|
115 |
+
"מֵאָה לִגְנָה שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְאַחַת שֶׁל חֻלִּין, כֻּלָּן מֻתָּרִין בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה. אֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, אֲפִלּוּ מֵאָה שֶׁל חֻלִּין וְאַחַת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, כֻּלָּן אֲסוּרִין: \n",
|
116 |
+
"הַטֶּבֶל, גִּדּוּלָיו מֻתָּרִין בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה. אֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, גִּדּוּלֵי גִדּוּלִין, אֲסוּרִין. אֵיזֶהוּ דָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, כְּגוֹן הַלּוּף וְהַשּׁוּם וְהַבְּצָלִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַשּׁוּם, כַּשְּׂעוֹרִים: \n",
|
117 |
+
"הַמְנַכֵּשׁ עִם הַנָּכְרִי בַּחֲסִיּוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁפֵּרוֹתָיו טֶבֶל, אוֹכֵל מֵהֶם עֲרַאי. שְׁתִילֵי תְרוּמָה שֶׁנִטְמְאוּ, שְׁתָלָן, טָהֲרוּ מִלְּטַמֵּא, וַאֲסוּרִין מִלֶּאֱכֹל עַד שֶׁיָּגֹם אֶת הָאֹכֶל. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר עַד שֶׁיָגֹם וְיִשְׁנֶה: \n"
|
118 |
+
],
|
119 |
+
[
|
120 |
+
"בָּצָל שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ בְתוֹךְ עֲדָשִׁים, אִם שָׁלֵם, מֻתָּר. וְאִם חִתְּכוֹ, בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַתַּבְשִׁיל, בֵּין שָׁלֵם בֵּין מְחֻתָּךְ, בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר בְּצַחֲנָה, שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא לִטֹּל אֶת הַזֻּהֲמָא: \n",
|
121 |
+
"תַּפּוּחַ שֶׁרִסְּקוֹ וּנְתָנוֹ לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה, וְחִמְּצָהּ, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה. שְׂעוֹרִים שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ הַבּוֹר שֶׁל מַיִם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִבְאִישׁוּ, מֵימָיו מֻתָּרִין: \n",
|
122 |
+
"הָרוֹדֶה פַּת חַמָּה וּנְתָנָהּ עַל פִּי חָבִית שֶׁל יֵין תְּרוּמָה, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹסֵר, וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר בְּשֶׁל חִטִּים, וְאוֹסֵר בְּשֶׁל שְׂעוֹרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַשְּׂעוֹרִים שׁוֹאֲבוֹת: \n",
|
123 |
+
"תַּנּוּר שֶׁהִסִּיקוֹ בְכַמּוֹן שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְאָפָה בוֹ, הַפַּת מֻתֶּרֶת, שֶׁאֵין טַעַם כַּמּוֹן, אֶלָּא רֵיחַ כַּמּוֹן: \n",
|
124 |
+
"תִּלְתָּן שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְתוֹךְ הַבּוֹר שֶׁל יַיִן, בִּתְרוּמָה, בְּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אִם יֵשׁ בַּזֶּרַע כְּדֵי לִתֵּן טַעַם, אֲבָל לֹא בָעֵץ. בִּשְׁבִיעִית וּבְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ, אִם יֵשׁ בַּזֶּרַע וּבָעֵץ כְּדֵי לִתֵּן טָעַם: \n",
|
125 |
+
"מִי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ חֲבִילֵי תִלְתָּן בְּכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, יִדָּלֵקוּ. הָיוּ לוֹ חֲבִילֵי תִלְתָּן שֶׁל טֶבֶל, כּוֹתֵשׁ, וּמְחַשֵּׁב כַּמָּה זֶרַע יֶשׁ בָּהֶם, וּמַפְרִישׁ אֶת הַזֶּרַע, וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהַפְרִישׁ אֶת הָעֵץ. אִם הִפְרִישׁ, לֹא יֹאמַר אֶכְתּוֹשׁ וְאֶטֹּל אֶת הָעֵץ וְאֶתֵּן אֶת הַזֶּרַע, אֶלָּא נוֹתֵן הָעֵץ עִם הַזָּרַע: \n",
|
126 |
+
"זֵיתֵי חֻלִּין שֶׁכְּבָשָׁן עִם זֵיתֵי תְרוּמָה, פְּצוּעֵי חֻלִּין עִם פְּצוּעֵי תְרוּמָה, פְּצוּעֵי חֻלִּין עִם שְׁלֵמֵי תְרוּמָה, אוֹ בְמֵי תְרוּמָה, אָסוּר. אֲבָל שְׁלֵמֵי חֻלִּין עִם פְּצוּעֵי תְרוּמָה, מֻתָּר: \n",
|
127 |
+
"דָּג טָמֵא שֶׁכְּבָשׁוֹ עִם דָּג טָהוֹר, כָּל גָּרָב שֶׁהוּא מַחֲזִיק סָאתַיִם, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ מִשְׁקַל עֲשָׂרָה זוּז בִּיהוּדָה שֶׁהֵן חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים בַּגָּלִיל דָּג טָמֵא, צִירוֹ אָסוּר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, רְבִיעִית בְּסָאתָיִם. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֶחָד מִשִּׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר בּוֹ: \n",
|
128 |
+
"חֲגָבִים טְמֵאִים שֶׁנִּכְבְּשׁוּ עִם חֲגָבִים טְהוֹרִים, לֹא פָסְלוּ אֶת צִירָם. הֵעִיד רַבִּי צָדוֹק עַל צִיר חֲגָבִים טְמֵאִים, שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר: \n",
|
129 |
+
"כָּל הַנִּכְבָּשִׁים זֶה עִם זֶה, מֻתָּרִים, אֶלָּא עִם הַחֲסִית. חֲסִית שֶׁל חֻלִּין עִם חֲסִית שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, יָרָק שֶׁל חֻלִּין עִם חֲסִית שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, אָסוּר. אֲבָל חֲסִית שֶׁל חֻלִּין עִם יָרָק שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, מֻתָּר: \n",
|
130 |
+
"רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַנִּשְׁלָקִים עִם הַתְּרָדִים, אֲסוּרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם נוֹתְנִין אֶת הַטָּעַם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כְּרוּב שֶׁל שִׁקְיָא עִם כְּרוּב שֶׁל בַּעַל, אָסוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בוֹלֵעַ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַמִּתְבַּשְּׁלִין זֶה עִם זֶה, מֻתָּרִים, אֶלָּא עִם הַבָּשָׂר. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, הַכָּבֵד אוֹסֶרֶת וְאֵינָהּ נֶאֱסֶרֶת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא פוֹלֶטֶת וְאֵינָהּ בּוֹלָעַת: \n",
|
131 |
+
"בֵּיצָה שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלָה בִּתְבָלִין אֲסוּרִין, אֲפִלּוּ חֶלְמוֹן שֶׁלָּהּ אָסוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בוֹלֵעַ. מֵי שְׁלָקוֹת וּמֵי כְבָשִׁים שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, אֲסוּרִים לְזָרִים: \n"
|
132 |
+
],
|
133 |
+
[
|
134 |
+
"אֵין נוֹתְנִין דְּבֵלָה וּגְרוֹגָרוֹת לְתוֹךְ הַמּוּרְיָס, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְאַבְּדָן, אֲבָל נוֹתְנִין אֶת הַיַּיִן לַמּוּרְיָס. וְאֵין מְפַטְּמִין אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶן, אֲבָל עוֹשִׂין אֶת הַיַּיִן יֵנוּמְלִין. אֵין מְבַשְּׁלִין יַיִן שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַמְעִיטוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַשְׁבִּיחוֹ: \n",
|
135 |
+
"דְּבַשׁ תְּמָרִים, וְיֵין תַּפּוּחִים, וְחֹמֶץ סִתְוָנִיּוֹת, וּשְׁאָר כָּל מֵי פֵרוֹת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְחַיֵּב קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פּוֹטֵר. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא מִשּׁוּם מַשְׁקֶה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, לֹא מָנוּ חֲכָמִים שִׁבְעָה מַשְׁקִים כְּמוֹנֵי פְטָמִים, אֶלָּא אָמְרוּ, שִׁבְעָה מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִים, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין: \n",
|
136 |
+
"אֵין עוֹשִׂין תְּמָרִים דְּבַשׁ, וְלֹא תַפּוּחִים יַיִן, וְלֹא סִתְוָנִיּוֹת חֹמֶץ, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַפֵּרוֹת אֵין מְשַׁנִּין אוֹתָם מִבְּרִיָּתָן בִּתְרוּמָה וּבְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אֶלָּא זֵיתִים וַעֲנָבִים בִּלְבָד. אֵין סוֹפְגִין אַרְבָּעִים מִשּׁוּם עָרְלָה, אֶלָּא עַל הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים. וְאֵין מְבִיאִין בִּכּוּרִים מַשְׁקִין, אֶלָּא הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים. וְאֵינוֹ מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם מַשְׁקֶה, אֶלָּא הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים. וְאֵין מַקְרִיבִין עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, אֶלָּא הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים: \n",
|
137 |
+
"עֻקְצֵי תְאֵנִים וּגְרוֹגָרוֹת, וְהַכְּלִיסִים וְהֶחָרוּבִין שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, אֲסוּרִים לְזָרִים: \n",
|
138 |
+
"גַּרְעִינֵי תְרוּמָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מְכַנְּסָן, אֲסוּרוֹת, וְאִם הִשְׁלִיכָן, מֻתָּרוֹת. וְכֵן עַצְמוֹת הַקָּדָשִׁים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מְכַנְּסָן, אֲסוּרִין, וְאִם הִשְׁלִיכָן, מֻתָּרִין. הַמֻּרְסָן מֻתָּר. סֻבִּין שֶׁל חֲדָשׁוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת, וְשֶׁל יְשָׁנוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת. וְנוֹהֵג בַּתְּרוּמָה כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא נוֹהֵג בַּחֻלִּין. הַמְסַלֵּת קַב אוֹ קַבַּיִם לִסְאָה, לֹא יְאַבֵּד אֶת הַשְּׁאָר, אֶלָּא יַנִּיחֶנּוּ בְּמָקוֹם הַמֻּצְנָע: \n",
|
139 |
+
"מְגוּרָה שֶׁפִּנָּה מִמֶּנָּה חִטֵּי תְרוּמָה, אֵין מְחַיְּבִין אוֹתוֹ לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֵׁב וּמְלַקֵּט אַחַת אַחַת, אֶלָּא מְכַבֵּד כְּדַרְכּוֹ, וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָהּ חֻלִּין: \n",
|
140 |
+
"וְכֵן חָבִית שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן שֶׁנִּשְׁפְּכָה, אֵין מְחַיְּבִין אוֹתוֹ לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֵׁב וּמְטַפֵּחַ, אֶלָּא נוֹהֵג בָּהּ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא נוֹהֵג בְּחֻלִּין: \n",
|
141 |
+
"הַמְעָרֶה מִכַּד לְכַד וְנוֹטֵף שָׁלֹשׁ טִפִּים, נוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָהּ חֻלִּין. הִרְכִּינָהּ וּמִצָּהּ, הֲרֵי זוֹ תְרוּמָה. וְכַמָּה תְהֵא בִתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל דְּמַאי וְיוֹלִיכֶנָּה לַכֹּהֵן, אֶחָד מִשְּׁמֹנָה לַשְּׁמִינִית: \n",
|
142 |
+
"כַּרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה, מַאֲכִילִין אוֹתָם לַבְּהֵמָה וְלַחַיָּה וְלַתַּרְנְגוֹלִים. יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁשָּׂכַר פָּרָה מִכֹּהֵן, מַאֲכִילָהּ כַּרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה. וְכֹהֵן שֶׁשָּׂכַר פָּרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ עָלָיו, לֹא יַאֲכִילֶנָּה כַרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה. יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁשָּׁם פָּרָה מִכֹּהֵן, לֹא יַאֲכִילֶנָּה כַרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה. וְכֹהֵן שֶׁשָּׁם פָּרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, מַאֲכִילָהּ כַּרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה: \n",
|
143 |
+
"מַדְלִיקִין שֶׁמֶן שְׂרֵפָה בְּבָתֵּי כְנֵסִיּוֹת, וּבְבָתֵּי מִדְרָשׁוֹת, וּבַמְּבוֹאוֹת הָאֲפֵלִין, וְעַל גַּבֵּי הַחוֹלִין בִּרְשׁוּת כֹּהֵן. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, וְהִיא לְמוּדָה אֵצֶל אָבִיהָ, אָבִיהָ מַדְלִיק בִּרְשׁוּתָהּ. מַדְלִיקִין בְּבֵית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה, אֲבָל לֹא בְבֵית הָאֵבֶל, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בְּבֵית הָאֵבֶל, אֲבָל לֹא בְבֵית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹסֵר כָּאן וְכָאן. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר כָּאן וְכָאן: \n"
|
144 |
+
]
|
145 |
+
],
|
146 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
147 |
+
"Chapter",
|
148 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
149 |
+
]
|
150 |
+
}
|
json/Mishnah/Seder Zeraim/Mishnah Terumot/Hebrew/merged.json
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
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1 |
+
{
|
2 |
+
"title": "Mishnah Terumot",
|
3 |
+
"language": "he",
|
4 |
+
"versionTitle": "merged",
|
5 |
+
"versionSource": "https://www.sefaria.org/Mishnah_Terumot",
|
6 |
+
"text": [
|
7 |
+
[
|
8 |
+
"חֲמִשָּׁה לֹא יִתְרֹמוּ, וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, אֵין תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה. הַחֵרֵשׁ, וְהַשּׁוֹטֶה, וְהַקָּטָן, וְהַתּוֹרֵם אֶת שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ. נָכְרִי שֶׁתָּרַם אֶת שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֲפִלּוּ בִרְשׁוּת, אֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה: \n",
|
9 |
+
"חֵרֵשׁ הַמְדַבֵּר וְאֵינוֹ שׁוֹמֵעַ, לֹא יִתְרֹם. וְאִם תָּרַם, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. חֵרֵשׁ שֶׁדִּבְּרוּ בוֹ חֲכָמִים בְּכָל מָקוֹם, שֶׁאֵינוֹ לֹא שׁוֹמֵעַ וְלֹא מְדַבֵּר: \n",
|
10 |
+
"קָטָן שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא לְעוֹנַת נְדָרִים, אֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. וּמִשֶׁבָּא לְעוֹנַת נְדָרִים, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה: \n",
|
11 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין זֵיתִים עַל הַשֶּׁמֶן, וְלֹא עֲנָבִים עַל הַיָּיִן. וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, תְּרוּמַת עַצְמָן בָּהֶם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵין תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה: \n",
|
12 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִן הַלֶּקֶט, וּמִן הַשִּׁכְחָה, וּמִן הַפֵּאָה, וּמִן הַהֶפְקֵר, וְלֹא מִמַּעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה תְּרוּמָתוֹ, וְלֹא מִמַּעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, וְלֹא מִן הַחַיָּב עַל הַפָּטוּר, וְלֹא מִן הַפָּטוּר עַל הַחַיָּב, וְלֹא מִן הַתָּלוּשׁ עַל הַמְחֻבָּר, וְלֹא מִן הַמְחֻבָּר עַל הַתָּלוּשׁ, וְלֹא מִן הֶחָדָשׁ עַל הַיָּשָׁן, וְלֹא מִן הַיָּשָׁן עַל הֶחָדָשׁ, וְלֹא מִפֵּרוֹת הָאָרֶץ עַל פֵּרוֹת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, וְלֹא מִפֵּרוֹת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ עַל פֵּרוֹת הָאָרֶץ. וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, אֵין תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה: \n",
|
13 |
+
"חֲמִשָּׁה לֹא יִתְרֹמוּ, וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה. הָאִלֵּם, וְהַשִּׁכּוֹר, וְהֶעָרוֹם, וְהַסּוּמָא, וּבַעַל קֶרִי. לֹא יִתְרֹמוּ, וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה: \n",
|
14 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין, לֹא בְמִדָּה, וְלֹא בְמִשְׁקָל, וְלֹא בְמִנְיָן. אֲבָל תּוֹרֵם הוּא אֶת הַמָּדוּד וְאֶת הַשָּׁקוּל וְאֶת הַמָּנוּי. אֵין תּוֹרְמִין בְּסַל וּבְקֻפָּה שֶׁהֵם שֶׁל מִדָּה, אֲבָל תּוֹרֵם הוּא בָהֶן חֶצְיָן וּשְׁלִישָׁן. לֹא יִתְרֹם בִּסְאָה חֶצְיָהּ, שֶׁחֶצְיָהּ מִדָּה: \n",
|
15 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין שֶׁמֶן עַל זֵיתִים הַנִּכְתָּשִׁין, וְלֹא יַיִן עַל עֲנָבִים הַנִּדְרָכִים. וְאִם תָּרַם, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה, וְיַחֲזֹר וְיִתְרֹם. הָרִאשׁוֹנָה מְדַמַּעַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, וְחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חֹמֶשׁ, אֲבָל לֹא שְׁנִיָּה: \n",
|
16 |
+
"וְתוֹרְמִין שֶׁמֶן עַל זֵיתִים הַנִּכְבָּשִׁים, וְיַיִן עַל עֲנָבִים לַעֲשׂוֹתָם צִמּוּקִים. הֲרֵי שֶׁתָּרַם שֶׁמֶן עַל זֵיתִים לַאֲכִילָה, וְזֵיתִים עַל זֵיתִים לַאֲכִילָה, וְיַיִן עַל עֲנָבִים לַאֲכִילָה, וָעֲנָבִים עַל עֲנָבִים לַאֲכִילָה, וְנִמְלַךְ לְדָרְכָן, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִתְרֹם: \n",
|
17 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִדָּבָר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ עַל דָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ, וְלֹא מִדָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ עַל דָּבָר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ, וְלֹא מִדָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמ��רָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ עַל דָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ. וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה: \n"
|
18 |
+
],
|
19 |
+
[
|
20 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִטָּהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא. וְאִם תָּרְמוּ, תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה. בֶּאֱמֶת אָמְרוּ, הָעִגּוּל שֶׁל דְּבֵלָה שֶׁנִּטְמָא מִקְצָתוֹ, תּוֹרֵם מִן הַטָּהוֹר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ עַל הַטָּמֵא שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ. וְכֵן אֲגֻדָּה שֶׁל יָרָק, וְכֵן עֲרֵמָה. הָיוּ שְׁנֵי עִגּוּלִים, שְׁתֵּי אֲגֻדּוֹת, שְׁתֵּי עֲרֵמוֹת, אַחַת טְמֵאָה וְאַחַת טְהוֹרָה, לֹא יִתְרֹם מִזֶּה עַל זֶה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תּוֹרְמִין מִן הַטָּהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא: \n",
|
21 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִן הַטָּמֵא עַל הַטָּהוֹר. וְאִם תָּרַם, שׁוֹגֵג, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְּרוּמָה, וּמֵזִיד, לֹא עָשָׂה כְלוּם. וְכֵן בֶּן לֵוִי שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר טֶבֶל, הָיָה מַפְרִישׁ עָלָיו וְהוֹלֵךְ, שׁוֹגֵג, מַה שֶׁעָשָׂה, עָשׂוּי, מֵזִיד, לֹא עָשָׂה כְלוּם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיָה יוֹדֵעַ בּוֹ בַּתְּחִלָּה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹגֵג, לֹא עָשָׂה כְלוּם: \n",
|
22 |
+
"הַמַּטְבִּיל כֵּלִים בְּשַׁבָּת, שׁוֹגֵג, יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם, מֵזִיד, לֹא יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם. הַמְעַשֵּׂר וְהַמְבַשֵּׁל בְּשַׁבָּת, שׁוֹגֵג, יֹאכַל, מֵזִיד, לֹא יֹאכַל. הַנּוֹטֵעַ בְּשַׁבָּת, שׁוֹגֵג, יְקַיֵּם, מֵזִיד, יַעֲקֹר. וּבַשְּׁבִיעִית, בֵּין שׁוֹגֵג בֵּין מֵזִיד, יַעֲקֹר: \n",
|
23 |
+
"אֵין תּוֹרְמִין מִמִּין עַל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ. וְאִם תָּרַם, אֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. כָּל מִין חִטִּים, אֶחָד. כָּל מִין תְּאֵנִים וּגְרוֹגָרוֹת וּדְבֵלָה, אֶחָד. וְתוֹרֵם מִזֶּה עַל זֶה. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ כֹּהֵן, תּוֹרֵם מִן הַיָּפֶה. וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין כֹּהֵן, תּוֹרֵם מִן הַמִּתְקַיֵּם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לְעוֹלָם הוּא תוֹרֵם מִן הַיָּפֶה: \n",
|
24 |
+
"תּוֹרְמִין בָּצָל קָטָן שָׁלֵם, וְלֹא חֲצִי בָצָל גָּדוֹל. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לֹא כִי, אֶלָּא חֲצִי בָצָל גָּדוֹל. וְכֵן הָיָה רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, תּוֹרְמִין בְּצָלִים מִבְּנֵי הַמְּדִינָה עַל הַכּוּפְרִים, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הַכּוּפְרִים עַל בְּנֵי הַמְּדִינָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַאֲכַל פּוֹלִיטִיקִין: \n",
|
25 |
+
"וְתוֹרְמִין זֵיתֵי שֶׁמֶן עַל זֵיתֵי כֶבֶשׁ, וְלֹא זֵיתֵי כֶבֶשׁ עַל זֵיתֵי שָׁמֶן. וְיַיִן שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְבֻשָּׁל עַל הַמְבֻשָּׁל, וְלֹא מִן הַמְבֻשָּׁל עַל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְבֻשָּׁל. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל שֶׁהוּא כִלְאַיִם בַּחֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יִתְרֹם מִזֶּה עַל זֶה, אֲפִלּוּ מִן הַיָּפֶה עַל הָרָע. וְכָל שֶׁאֵינוֹ כִלְאַיִם בַּחֲבֵרוֹ, תּוֹרֵם מִן הַיָּפֶה עַל הָרָע, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הָרַע עַל הַיָּפֶה. וְאִם תָּרַם מִן הָרַע עַל הַיָּפֶה, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה, חוּץ מִן הַזּוּנִין עַל הַחִטִּים, שֶׁאֵינָן אֹכֶל. וְהַקִּשּׁוּת וְהַמְּלָפְפוֹן, מִין אֶחָד. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שְׁנֵי מִינִין: \n"
|
26 |
+
],
|
27 |
+
[
|
28 |
+
"הַתּוֹרֵם קִשּׁוּת וְנִמְצֵאת מָרָה, אֲבַטִּיחַ וְנִמְצָא סָרוּחַ, תְּרוּמָה, וְיַחֲזֹר וְיִתְרֹם. הַתּוֹרֵם חָבִית שֶׁל יַיִן וְנִמְצֵאת שֶׁל חֹמֶץ, אִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁהָיְתָה שֶׁל חֹמֶץ עַד שֶׁלֹּא תְרָמָהּ, אֵינָה תְרוּמָה. אִם מִשֶּׁתְּרָמָהּ הֶחֱמִיצָה, ��ֲרֵי זוֹ תְרוּמָה. אִם סָפֵק, תְּרוּמָה, וְיַחֲזֹר וְיִתְרֹם. הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חֹמֶשׁ. וְכֵן הַשְּׁנִיָּה: \n",
|
29 |
+
"נָפְלָה אַחַת מֵהֶן לְתוֹךְ הַחֻלִּין, אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעְתָּן. נָפְלָה שְׁנִיָּה לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעְתָּן. נָפְלוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, מְדַמְּעוֹת כַּקְּטַנָּה שֶׁבִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן: \n",
|
30 |
+
"הַשֻּׁתָּפִין שֶׁתָּרְמוּ זֶה אַחַר זֶה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, תְּרוּמַת שְׁנֵיהֶם תְּרוּמָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, תְּרוּמַת הָרִאשׁוֹן תְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם תָּרַם הָרִאשׁוֹן כַּשִּׁעוּר, אֵין תְּרוּמַת הַשֵּׁנִי תְּרוּמָה. וְאִם לֹא תָרַם הָרִאשׁוֹן כַּשִּׁעוּר, תְּרוּמַת הַשֵּׁנִי תְּרוּמָה: \n",
|
31 |
+
"בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּשֶׁלֹּא דִבֵּר, אֲבָל הִרְשָׁה אֶת בֶּן בֵּיתוֹ אוֹ אֶת עַבְדּוֹ אוֹ אֶת שִׁפְחָתוֹ לִתְרֹם, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. בִּטֵּל, אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא תָרַם בִּטֵּל, אֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. וְאִם מִשֶּׁתָּרַם בִּטֵּל, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. הַפּוֹעֲלִים, אֵין לָהֶן רְשׁוּת לִתְרֹם, חוּץ מִן הַדָּרוֹכוֹת, שֶׁהֵן מְטַמְּאִים אֶת הַגַּת מִיָּד: \n",
|
32 |
+
"הָאוֹמֵר, תְּרוּמַת הַכְּרִי זֶה בְּתוֹכוֹ, וּמַעַשְׂרוֹתָיו בְּתוֹכוֹ, תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר זֶה בְּתוֹכוֹ, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, קָרָא שֵׁם. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר בִּצְפוֹנוֹ אוֹ בִדְרוֹמוֹ. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר חִסְמָא אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹמֵר, תְּרוּמַת הַכְּרִי מִמֶּנּוּ עָלָיו, קָרָא שֵׁם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹמֵר, עִשּׂוּר מַעֲשֵׂר זֶה עָשׂוּי תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר עָלָיו, קָרָא שֵׁם: \n",
|
33 |
+
"הַמַּקְדִים תְּרוּמָה לַבִּכּוּרִים, מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לַתְּרוּמָה, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה, מַה שֶּׁעָשָׂה עָשׂוּי. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כב), מְלֵאָתְךָ וְדִמְעֲךָ לֹא תְאַחֵר: \n",
|
34 |
+
"וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁיִּקְדְּמוּ הַבִּכּוּרִים לַתְּרוּמָה, זֶה קָרוּי תְּרוּמָה וְרֵאשִׁית, וְזֶה קָרוּי תְּרוּמָה וְרֵאשִׁית, אֶלָּא יִקְדְּמוּ בִכּוּרִים, שֶׁהֵן בִּכּוּרִים לַכֹּל. וּתְרוּמָה לָרִאשׁוֹן, שֶׁהִיא רֵאשִׁית. וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לַשֵּׁנִי, שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ רֵאשִׁית: \n",
|
35 |
+
"הַמִּתְכַּוֵּן לוֹמַר תְּרוּמָה וְאָמַר מַעֲשֵׂר, מַעֲשֵׂר וְאָמַר תְּרוּמָה, עוֹלָה וְאָמַר שְׁלָמִים, שְׁלָמִים וְאָמַר עוֹלָה, שֶׁאֵינִי נִכְנָס לְבַיִת זֶה וְאָמַר לָזֶה, שֶׁאֵינִי נֶהֱנֶה לָזֶה וְאָמַר לָזֶה, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ פִיו וְלִבּוֹ שָׁוִין: \n",
|
36 |
+
"הַנָּכְרִי וְהַכּוּתִי, תְּרוּמָתָן תְּרוּמָה, וּמַעַשְׂרוֹתֵיהֶן מַעֲשֵׂר, וְהֶקְדֵּשָׁן הֶקְדֵּשׁ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין לַנָּכְרִי כֶּרֶם רְבָעִי. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יֶשׁ לוֹ. תְּרוּמַת הַנָּכְרִי מְדַמַּעַת, וְחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חֹמֶשׁ. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר: \n"
|
37 |
+
],
|
38 |
+
[
|
39 |
+
"הַמַּפְרִישׁ מִקְצָת תְּרוּמָה וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת, מוֹצִיא מִמֶּנּוּ תְּרוּמָה עָלָיו, אֲבָל לֹא לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף מוֹצִיא הוּא מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר תְּרוּמָה וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת: ",
|
40 |
+
"מִי שֶׁהָיוּ פֵרוֹתָיו בַּמְּגוּרָה, וְנָתַן סְאָה לְבֶן לֵוִי וּסְאָה לְעָנִי, מַפְרִישׁ עַד שְׁמֹנֶה סְאִין וְאוֹכְלָן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מַפְרִישׁ אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן: ",
|
41 |
+
"שִׁעוּר תְּרוּמָה, עַיִן יָפָה, אֶחָד מֵאַרְבָּעִים. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מִשְּׁלֹשִׁים. וְהַבֵּינוֹנִית, מֵחֲמִשִּׁים. וְהָרָעָה, מִשִּׁשִּׁים. תָּרַם וְעָלָה בְיָדוֹ אֶחָד מִשִּׁשִּׁים, תְּרוּמָה, וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִתְרֹם. חָזַר וְהוֹסִיף, חַיָּב בְּמַעַשְׂרוֹת. עָלָה בְיָדוֹ מִשִּׁשִּׁים וְאֶחָד, תְּרוּמָה, וְיַחֲזֹר וְיִתְרֹם כְּמוֹת שֶׁהוּא לָמוּד, בְּמִדָּה וּבְמִשְׁקָל וּבְמִנְיָן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף שֶׁלֹּא מִן הַמֻּקָּף: ",
|
42 |
+
"הָאוֹמֵר לִשְׁלוּחוֹ, צֵא וּתְרֹם, תּוֹרֵם כְּדַעְתּוֹ שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבָּיִת. אִם אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, תּוֹרֵם כְּבֵינוֹנִית, אֶחָד מֵחֲמִשִּׁים. פִּחֵת עֲשָׂרָה אוֹ הוֹסִיף עֲשָׂרָה, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. אִם נִתְכַּוֵּן לְהוֹסִיף אֲפִלּוּ אַחַת, אֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה: ",
|
43 |
+
"הַמַּרְבֶּה בִּתְרוּמָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֶחָד מֵעֲשָׂרָה, כִּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר, יָתֵר מִכָּאן, יַעֲשֶׂנָּה תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, מֶחֱצָה חֻלִּין וּמֶחֱצָה תְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיְּשַׁיֵּר שָׁם חֻלִּין: ",
|
44 |
+
"בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה פְרָקִים מְשַׁעֲרִים אֶת הַכַּלְכָּלָה, בַּבַּכּוּרוֹת, וּבַסְּיָפוֹת, וּבְאֶמְצַע הַקָּיִץ. הַמּוֹנֶה, מְשֻׁבָּח. וְהַמּוֹדֵד, מְשֻׁבָּח מִמֶּנּוּ. וְהַשּׁוֹקֵל, מְשֻׁבָּח מִשְּׁלָשְׁתָּן: ",
|
45 |
+
"רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תְּרוּמָה, עוֹלָה בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, בְּמֵאָה וָעוֹד. וָעוֹד זֶה, אֵין לוֹ שִׁעוּר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן מְשֻׁלָּם אוֹמֵר, וָעוֹד, קַב לְמֵאָה סְאָה, שְׁתוּת לַמְּדַמֵּעַ: ",
|
46 |
+
"רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, תְּאֵנִים שְׁחוֹרוֹת מַעֲלוֹת אֶת הַלְּבָנוֹת, לְבָנוֹת, מַעֲלוֹת אֶת הַשְּׁחוֹרוֹת. עִגּוּלֵי דְבֵלָה, הַגְּדוֹלִים מַעֲלִים אֶת הַקְּטַנִּים, וְהַקְּטַנִּים מַעֲלִין אֶת הַגְּדוֹלִים. הָעִגּוּלִים מַעֲלִין אֶת הַמַּלְבְּנִים, וְהַמַּלְבְּנִים מַעֲלִין אֶת הָעִגּוּלִים. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, בְּיָדוּעַ מַה נָּפְלָה, אֵין מַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ, וּכְשֶׁאֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ מַה נָּפְלָה, מַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ: ",
|
47 |
+
"כֵּיצַד, חֲמִשִּׁים תְּאֵנִים שְׁחוֹרוֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁים לְבָנוֹת, נָפְלָה שְׁחוֹרָה, שְׁחוֹרוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת וְהַלְּבָנוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת. נָפְלָה לְבָנָה, לְבָנוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת וּשְׁחוֹרוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת. בְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ מַה נָּפְלָה, מַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. בְּזוֹ רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַחְמִיר, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מֵקֵל: ",
|
48 |
+
"וּבְזוֹ רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מֵקֵל, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מַחְמִיר. בְּדוֹרֵס לִיטְרָא קְצִיעוֹת עַל פִּי הַכַּד וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזוֹהִי, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, רוֹאִין אוֹתָן כְּאִלּוּ הֵן פּ��רוּדוֹת, וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנוֹת מַעֲלוֹת אֶת הָעֶלְיוֹנוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לֹא תַעֲלֶה עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ שָׁם מֵאָה כַדִּים: ",
|
49 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה עַל פִּי מְגוּרָה וְקִפְּאָהּ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אִם יֵשׁ בַּקִּפּוּי מֵאָה סְאָה, תַּעֲלֶה בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לֹא תַעֲלֶה. סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה עַל פִּי מְגוּרָה, יַקְפִּיאֶנָּה. וְאִם כֵּן, לָמָּה אָמְרוּ תְּרוּמָה עוֹלָה בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, אִם אֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ אִם בְּלוּלוֹת הֵן, אוֹ לְאַיִן נָפְלָה: ",
|
50 |
+
"שְׁתֵּי קֻפּוֹת וּשְׁתֵּי מְגוּרוֹת שֶׁנָּפְלָה סְאָה תְרוּמָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶן, וְאֵין יָדוּעַ לְאֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן נָפְלָה, מַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ הֵם בִּשְׁתֵּי עֲיָרוֹת, מַעֲלוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ: ",
|
51 |
+
"אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, מַעֲשֶׂה בָא לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא בַּחֲמִשִּׁים אֲגֻדּוֹת שֶׁל יָרָק, שֶׁנָּפְלָה אַחַת מֵהֶן לְתוֹכָן, חֶצְיָהּ תְּרוּמָה, וְאָמַרְתִּי לְפָנָיו, תַּעֲלֶה. לֹא שֶׁהַתְּרוּמָה תַעֲלֶה בַּחֲמִשִּׁים וְאֶחָד, אֶלָּא שֶׁהָיוּ שָׁם מֵאָה וּשְׁנֵי חֲצָיִים: "
|
52 |
+
],
|
53 |
+
[
|
54 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה חֻלִּין, אוֹ לְמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן, אוֹ לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אוֹ לְהֶקְדֵּשׁ, בֵּין טְמֵאִין בֵּין טְהוֹרִים, יֵרָקֵבוּ. אִם טְהוֹרָה הָיְתָה אוֹתָהּ הַסְּאָה, יִמָּכְרוּ לַכֹּהֲנִים בִּדְמֵי תְרוּמָה, חוּץ מִדְּמֵי אוֹתָהּ סְאָה. וְאִם לְמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן נָפְלָה, יִקְרָא שֵׁם לִתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר. וְאִם לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אוֹ לְהֶקְדֵּשׁ נָפְלָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִפָּדוּ. וְאִם טְמֵאִים הָיוּ אוֹתָן הַחֻלִּין, יֵאָכְלוּ נִקּוּדִים אוֹ קְלָיוֹת, אוֹ יִלּוֹשׁוּ בְמֵי פֵרוֹת, אוֹ יִתְחַלְּקוּ לְעִסּוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בְמָקוֹם אֶחָד כַּבֵּיצָה: ",
|
55 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְתוֹךְ מֵאָה חֻלִּין טְהוֹרִין, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תֵּרוֹם וְתִשָּׂרֵף, שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר, סְאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה הִיא סְאָה שֶׁעָלְתָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, תַּעֲלֶה וְתֵאָכֵל נִקּוּדִים אוֹ קְלָיוֹת, אוֹ תִלּוֹשׁ בְּמֵי פֵרוֹת, אוֹ תִתְחַלֵּק לְעִסּוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בְמָקוֹם אֶחָד כַּבֵּיצָה: ",
|
56 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה חֻלִּין טְמֵאִין, תַּעֲלֶה וְתֵאָכֵל נִקּוּדִים אוֹ קְלָיוֹת, אוֹ תִלּוֹשׁ בְּמֵי פֵרוֹת, אוֹ תִתְחַלֵּק לְעִסּוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בְמָקוֹם אֶחָד כַּבֵּיצָה: ",
|
57 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹסְרִים, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מַתִּירִין. אָמְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְבֵית שַׁמַּאי, הוֹאִיל וּטְהוֹרָה אֲסוּרָה לְזָרִים וּטְמֵאָה אֲסוּרָה לְכֹהֲנִים, מַה טְּהוֹרָה עוֹלָה, אַף טְמֵאָה תַּעֲלֶה. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, לֹא, אִם הֶעֱלוּ הַחֻלִּין הַקַּלִּין הַמֻּתָּרִין לְזָרִים אֶת הַטְּהוֹרָה, תַּעֲלֶה תְרוּמָה הַחֲמוּרָה הָאֲסוּרָה לְזָרִים אֶת הַטְּמֵאָה. לְאַחַר שֶׁהוֹדוּ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תֵּרוֹם וְתִשָּׂרֵף. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אָבְדָ�� בְמִעוּטָהּ: ",
|
58 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, הִגְבִּיהָהּ וְנָפְלָה לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְדַמַּעַת כִּתְרוּמָה וַדָּאי. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָה מְדַמַּעַת אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן: ",
|
59 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה וְנִדַּמְּעוּ, וְנָפַל מִן הַמְדֻמָּע לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְדַמַּעַת כִּתְרוּמָה וַדָּאי. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין הַמְדֻמָּע מְדַמֵּעַ אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן, וְאֵין הַמְחֻמָּץ מַחְמִיץ אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן, וְאֵין הַמַּיִם שְׁאוּבִים פּוֹסְלִים אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן: ",
|
60 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, הִגְבִּיהָהּ וְנָפְלָה אַחֶרֶת, הִגְבִּיהָהּ וְנָפְלָה אַחֶרֶת, הֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת, עַד שֶׁתִּרְבֶּה תְרוּמָה עַל הַחֻלִּין: ",
|
61 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לְהַגְבִּיהָהּ עַד שֶׁנָּפְלָה אַחֶרֶת, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר: ",
|
62 |
+
"סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, וּטְחָנָן וּפָחֲתוּ, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁפָּחֲתוּ הַחֻלִּין, כָּךְ פָּחֲתָה הַתְּרוּמָה, וּמֻתָּר. סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה, וּטְחָנָן וְהוֹתִירוּ, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוֹתִירוּ הַחֻלִּין, כָּךּ הוֹתִירָה הַתְּרוּמָה, וְאָסוּר. אִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁהַחִטִּים שֶׁל חֻלִּין יָפוֹת מִשֶּׁל תְּרוּמָה, מֻתָּר. סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה, וְאַחַר כֵּן נָפְלוּ שָׁם חֻלִּין, אִם שׁוֹגֵג, מֻתָּר, וְאִם מֵזִיד, אָסוּר: "
|
63 |
+
],
|
64 |
+
[
|
65 |
+
"הָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמָה שׁוֹגֵג, מְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ. אֶחָד הָאוֹכֵל וְאֶחָד הַשּׁוֹתֶה וְאֶחָד הַסָּךְ, אֶחָד תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה וְאֶחָד תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה, מְשַׁלֵּם חֻמְשָׁהּ וְחֹמֶשׁ חֻמְשָׁהּ. אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם תְּרוּמָה, אֶלָּא חֻלִּין מְתֻקָּנִים, וְהֵם נַעֲשִׂין תְּרוּמָה, וְהַתַּשְׁלוּמִין תְּרוּמָה. אִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, אֵינוֹ מוֹחֵל: ",
|
66 |
+
"בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁאָכְלָה תְרוּמָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, אִם תְּרוּמָה שֶׁלֹּא זָכָה בָהּ כֹּהֵן אָכְלָה, מְשַׁלֶּמֶת קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ לְעַצְמָהּ. וְאִם תְּרוּמָה שֶׁזָּכָה בָהּ כֹּהֵן אָכְלָה, מְשַׁלֶּמֶת קֶרֶן לַבְּעָלִים, וְחֹמֶשׁ לְעַצְמָהּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ, הָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמָה שׁוֹגֵג, מְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן לַבְּעָלִים, וְחֹמֶשׁ לְכָל מִי שֶׁיִּרְצֶה: ",
|
67 |
+
"הַמַּאֲכִיל אֶת פּוֹעֲלָיו וְאֶת אוֹרְחָיו תְּרוּמָה, הוּא מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן, וְהֵם מְשַׁלְּמִין אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הֵם מְשַׁלְּמִין קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, וְהוּא מְשַׁלֵּם לָהֶם דְּמֵי סְעוּדָתָן: ",
|
68 |
+
"הַגּוֹנֵב תְּרוּמָה וְלֹא אֲכָלָהּ, מְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי כֵפֶל דְּמֵי תְרוּמָה. אֲכָלָהּ, מְשַׁלֵּם שְׁנֵי קְרָנִים וְחֹמֶשׁ, קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ מִן הַחֻלִּין, וְקֶרֶן דְּמֵי תְרוּמָה. גָּנַב תְּרוּמַת הֶקְדֵּשׁ וַאֲכָלָהּ, מְשַׁלֵּם שְׁנֵי חֳמָשִׁים וְקֶרֶן, שֶׁאֵין בַּהֶקְדֵּשׁ תַּשְׁלוּמֵי כָפֶל: ",
|
69 |
+
"אֵין מְשַׁלְּמִין מִן הַלֶּקֶט וּמִן הַשִּׁכְחָה וּמִן הַפֵּאָה וּמִן הַהֶפְקֵר, וְלֹא מִמַּעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה תְּרוּמָתוֹ, וְלֹא מִמַּעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, שֶׁאֵין הֶקְדֵּשׁ פּוֹדֶה אֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין בָּאֵלּוּ: ",
|
70 |
+
"רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְשַׁלְּמִין מִמִּין עַל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ, בִּלְבַד שֶׁיְּשַׁלֵּם מִן הַיָּפֶה עַל הָרָע. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין מְשַׁלְּמִין אֶלָּא מִמִּין עַל מִינוֹ. לְפִיכָךְ, אִם אָכַל קִשּׁוּאִין שֶׁל עֶרֶב שְׁבִיעִית, יַמְתִּין לְקִשּׁוּאִין שֶׁל מוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית, וִישַׁלֵּם מֵהֶם. מִמְּקוֹם שֶׁרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מֵקֵל, מִשָּׁם רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מַחְמִיר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כב), וְנָתַן לַכֹּהֵן אֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ, כָּל שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי לִהְיוֹת קֹדֶשׁ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, וְנָתַן לַכֹּהֵן אֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ, קֹדֶשׁ שֶׁאָכָל: "
|
71 |
+
],
|
72 |
+
[
|
73 |
+
"הָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמָה מֵזִיד, מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ. הַתַּשְׁלוּמִין חֻלִּין, אִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, מוֹחֵל: ",
|
74 |
+
"בַּת כֹּהֵן שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָכְלָה תְרוּמָה, מְשַׁלֶּמֶת אֶת הַקֶּרֶן וְאֵינָהּ מְשַׁלֶּמֶת אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, וּמִיתָתָהּ בִּשְׂרֵפָה. נִשֵּׂאת לְאֶחָד מִכָּל הַפְּסוּלִין, מְשַׁלֶּמֶת קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, וּמִיתָתָהּ בְּחֶנֶק, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, זוֹ וָזוֹ מְשַׁלְּמוֹת אֶת הַקֶּרֶן וְאֵינָן מְשַׁלְּמוֹת אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, וּמִיתָתָן בִּשְׂרֵפָה: ",
|
75 |
+
"הַמַּאֲכִיל אֶת בָּנָיו קְטַנִּים, וְאֶת עֲבָדָיו בֵּין גְּדוֹלִים בֵּין קְטַנִּים, הָאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, וְהָאוֹכֵל פָּחוֹת מִכַּזַּיִת תְּרוּמָה, מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן, וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ. וְהַתַּשְׁלוּמִין חֻלִּין, אִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, מוֹחֵל: ",
|
76 |
+
"זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל הַמְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, הַתַּשְׁלוּמִין תְּרוּמָה, אִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, אֵינוֹ מוֹחֵל. וְכָל הַמְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, הַתַּשְׁלוּמִין חֻלִּין, אִם רָצָה הַכֹּהֵן לִמְחֹל, מוֹחֵל: ",
|
77 |
+
"שְׁתֵּי קֻפּוֹת, אַחַת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְאַחַת שֶׁל חֻלִּין, שֶׁנָּפְלָה סְאָה תְרוּמָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ לְאֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן נָפְלָה, הֲרֵי אֲנִי אוֹמֵר, לְתוֹךְ שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה נָפְלָה. אֵין יָדוּעַ אֵיזוֹ הִיא שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא שֶׁל חֻלִּין, אָכַל אַחַת מֵהֶן, פָּטוּר, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה, נוֹהֵג בָּהּ כִּתְרוּמָה, וְחַיֶּבֶת בְּחַלָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי פּוֹטְרָהּ. אָכַל אַחֵר אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה, פָּטוּר. אָכַל אֶחָד אֶת שְׁתֵּיהֶן, מְשַׁלֵּם כַּקְּטַנָּה שֶׁבִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן: ",
|
78 |
+
"נָפְלָה אַחַת מֵהֶן לְתוֹךְ הַחֻלִּין, אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעְתָּן, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה, נוֹהֵג בָּהּ כִּתְרוּמָה, וְחַיֶּבֶת בְּחַלָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי פּוֹטֵר. נָפְלָה שְׁנִיָּה לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעְתָּן. נָפְלוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, מְדַמְּעוֹת כַּקְּטַנָּה שֶׁבִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן: ",
|
79 |
+
"זָרַע אֶת אַחַת מֵהֶן, פָּטוּר, וְהַשְּׁנִיָּה, נוֹהֵג בָּהּ כִּתְרוּמָה, וְחַיֶּבֶת בְּחַלָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי פּוֹטֵר. זָרַע אַחֵר אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה, פָּטוּר. זָרַע אֶחָד אֶת שְׁתֵּיהֶן, בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה, מֻתָּר, וּבְדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה. אָסוּר: "
|
80 |
+
],
|
81 |
+
[
|
82 |
+
"הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָיְתָה אוֹכֶלֶת בִּתְרוּמָה, בָּאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ, מֵת בַּעְלִיךְ אוֹ גֵרְשֵׁךְ, וְכֵן הָעֶבֶד שֶׁהָיָה אוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמָה, וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ, מֵת רַבָּךְ, אוֹ מְכָרָךְ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, אוֹ נְתָנָךְ בְּמַתָּנָה, אוֹ עֲשָׂאָךְ בֶּן חוֹרִין. וְכֵן כֹּהֵן שֶׁהָיָה אוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמָה, וְנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בֶן גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ בֶן חֲלוּצָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְחַיֵּב קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פּוֹטֵר. הָיָה עוֹמֵד וּמַקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְנוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בֶן גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ בֶן חֲלוּצָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת שֶׁהִקְרִיב עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, פְּסוּלִים. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מַכְשִׁיר. נוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא בַעַל מוּם, עֲבוֹדָתוֹ פְּסוּלָה: \n",
|
83 |
+
"וְכֻלָּם, שֶׁהָיְתָה תְרוּמָה בְתוֹךְ פִּיהֶם, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִבְלְעוּ. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, יִפְלֹטוּ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, נִטְמֵאתָ וְנִטְמֵאת תְּרוּמָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִבְלָע. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, יִפְלֹט. טָמֵא הָיִיתָ וּטְמֵאָה הָיְתָה תְרוּמָה, אוֹ נוֹדַע שֶׁהוּא טֶבֶל, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדּוּ, אוֹ שֶׁטָּעַם טַעַם פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ לְתוֹךְ פִּיו, הֲרֵי זֶה יִפְלֹט: \n",
|
84 |
+
"הָיָה אוֹכֵל בְּאֶשְׁכּוֹל וְנִכְנַס מִן הַגִּנָּה לֶחָצֵר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִגְמֹר. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לֹא יִגְמֹר. חֲשֵׁכָה לֵילֵי שַׁבָּת, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, יִגְמֹר. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, לֹא יִגְמֹר: \n",
|
85 |
+
"יַיִן שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה שֶׁנִּתְגַּלָּה, יִשָּׁפֵךְ, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁל חֻלִּין. שְׁלֹשָׁה מַשְׁקִין אֲסוּרִים מִשּׁוּם גִּלּוּי, הַמַּיִם וְהַיַּיִן וְהֶחָלָב. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין מֻתָּרִים. כַּמָּה יִשְׁהוּ וְיִהְיוּ אֲסוּרִין, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּצֵא הָרַחַשׁ מִמָּקוֹם קָרוֹב וְיִשְׁתֶּה: \n",
|
86 |
+
"שִׁעוּר הַמַּיִם הַמְגֻלִּין, כְּדֵי שֶׁתֹּאבַד בָּהֶם הַמָּרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בְּכֵלִים, כָּל שֶׁהֵן, וּבַקַּרְקָעוֹת, אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה: \n",
|
87 |
+
"נִקּוּרֵי תְאֵנִים וַעֲנָבִים וְקִשּׁוּאִין וְהַדְּלוּעִין וְהָאֲבַטִּיחִים וְהַמְּלָפְפוֹנוֹת, אֲפִלּוּ הֵם כִּכָּר, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, אֶחָד תָּלוּשׁ וְאֶחָד מְחֻבָּר, כָּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ לֵחָה, אָסוּר. וּנְשׁוּכַת הַנָּחָשׁ, אֲסוּרָה, מִפְּנֵי סַכָּנַת נְפָשׁוֹת: \n",
|
88 |
+
"הַמְשַׁמֶּרֶת שֶׁל יַיִן, אֲסוּרָה מִשּׁוּם גִּלּוּי. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה מַתִּיר: \n",
|
89 |
+
"חָבִית שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה שֶׁנּוֹלַד בָּהּ סְפֵק טֻמְאָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיְתָה מֻנַּחַת בִּמְקוֹם תֻּרְפָּה, יַנִּיחֶנָּה בְּמָקוֹם הַמֻּצְנָע, וְאִם הָיְתָה מ��גֻלָּה, יְכַסֶּנָּה. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיְתָה מֻנַּחַת בְּמָקוֹם מֻצְנָע, יַנִּיחֶנָּה בִּמְקוֹם תֻּרְפָּה, וְאִם הָיְתָה מְכֻסָּה, יְגַלֶּנָּה. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַל יְחַדֵּשׁ בָּהּ דָּבָר: \n",
|
90 |
+
"חָבִית שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה בַּגַּת הָעֶלְיוֹנָה, וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה טְמֵאָה, מוֹדֶה רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שֶׁאִם יְכוֹלִים לְהַצִּיל מִמֶּנָּה רְבִיעִית בְּטָהֳרָה, יַצִּיל. וְאִם לָאו, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תֵּרֵד וְתִטַּמֵּא, וְאַל יְטַמְּאֶנָּה בְיָדָיו: \n",
|
91 |
+
"וְכֵן חָבִית שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן שֶׁנִּשְׁפְּכָה, מוֹדֶה רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שֶׁאִם יָכוֹל לְהַצִּיל מִמֶּנָּה רְבִיעִית בְּטָהֳרָה, יַצִּיל. וְאִם לָאו, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תֵּרֵד וְתִבָּלַע, וְאַל יְבַלְּעֶנָּה בְיָדָיו: \n",
|
92 |
+
"וְעַל זוֹ וְעַל זוֹ אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, לֹא זוֹ הִיא תְרוּמָה שֶׁאֲנִי מֻזְהָר עָלֶיהָ מִלְּטַמְּאָהּ, אֶלָּא מִלְּאָכְלָהּ. וּבַל תְּטַמְּאָהּ כֵּיצַד, הָיָה עוֹבֵר מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם וְכִכָּרוֹת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה בְיָדוֹ, אָמַר לוֹ נָכְרִי, תֶּן לִי אַחַת מֵהֶן וַאֲטַמְּאָהּ, וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי אֲנִי מְטַמֵּא אֶת כֻּלָּהּ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יְטַמֵּא אֶת כֻּלָּהּ, וְאַל יִתֶּן לוֹ אַחַת מֵהֶן וִיטַמֵּא. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, יַנִּיחַ לְפָנָיו אַחַת מֵהֶן עַל הַסָּלַע: \n",
|
93 |
+
"וְכֵן נָשִׁים שֶׁאָמְרוּ לָהֶם נָכְרִים, תְּנוּ אַחַת מִכֶּם וּנְטַמֵּא, וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי אָנוּ מְטַמְּאִים אֶת כֻּלְּכֶם, יְטַמְּאוּ אֶת כֻּלָּן, וְאַל יִמְסְרוּ לָהֶם נֶפֶשׁ אַחַת מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל: \n"
|
94 |
+
],
|
95 |
+
[
|
96 |
+
"הַזּוֹרֵעַ תְּרוּמָה, שׁוֹגֵג, יוֹפַךְ. וּמֵזִיד, יְקַיֵּם. אִם הֵבִיאָה שְׁלִישׁ, בֵּין שׁוֹגֵג בֵּין מֵזִיד, יְקַיֵּם. וּבְפִשְׁתָּן, מֵזִיד, יוֹפַךְ: \n",
|
97 |
+
"וְחַיֶּבֶת בְּלֶקֶט וּבְשִׁכְחָה וּבְפֵאָה. וַעֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַעֲנִיֵּי כֹהֲנִים, מְלַקְּטִים. וַעֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל, מוֹכְרִין אֶת שֶׁלָּהֶם לַכֹּהֲנִים בִּדְמֵי תְרוּמָה, וְהַדָּמִים שֶׁלָּהֶם. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, לֹא יְלַקְּטוּ אֶלָּא עֲנִיֵּי כֹהֲנִים, שֶׁמָּא יִשְׁכְּחוּ וְיִתְּנוּ לְתוֹךְ פִּיהֶם. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, אִם כֵּן, לֹא יְלַקְּטוּ אֶלָּא טְהוֹרִים: \n",
|
98 |
+
"וְחַיֶּבֶת בְּמַעַשְׂרוֹת וּבְמַעֲשַׂר עָנִי, וַעֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַעֲנִיֵּי כֹהֲנִים נוֹטְלִים, וַעֲנִיֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל מוֹכְרִין אֶת שֶׁלָּהֶם לְכֹהֲנִים בִּדְמֵי תְרוּמָה, וְהַדָּמִים שֶׁלָּהֶם. הַחוֹבֵט מְשֻׁבָּח. וְהַדָּשׁ כֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה, תּוֹלֶה כְפִיפוֹת בְּצַוְּארֵי בְהֵמָה וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָן מֵאוֹתוֹ הַמִּין, נִמְצָא לֹא זוֹמֵם אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה וְלֹא מַאֲכִיל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה: \n",
|
99 |
+
"גִּדּוּלֵי תְרוּמָה, תְּרוּמָה. וְגִּדּוּלֵי גִדּוּלִין, חֻלִּין. אֲבָל הַטֶּבֶל וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן וּסְפִיחֵי שְׁבִיעִית וּתְרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ וְהַמְדֻמָּע וְהַבִּכּוּרִים, גִּדּוּלֵיהֶן, חֻלִּין. גִּדּוּלֵי הֶקְדֵּשׁ וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, חֻלִּין, וּפוֹדֶה אוֹתָם בִּזְמַן זַרְעָם: \n",
|
100 |
+
"מֵאָה לִגְנָה שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְאַ��ַת שֶׁל חֻלִּין, כֻּלָּן מֻתָּרִין בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה. אֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, אֲפִלּוּ מֵאָה שֶׁל חֻלִּין וְאַחַת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, כֻּלָּן אֲסוּרִין: \n",
|
101 |
+
"הַטֶּבֶל, גִּדּוּלָיו מֻתָּרִין בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָלֶה. אֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, גִּדּוּלֵי גִדּוּלִין, אֲסוּרִין. אֵיזֶהוּ דָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָלֶה, כְּגוֹן הַלּוּף וְהַשּׁוּם וְהַבְּצָלִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַשּׁוּם, כַּשְּׂעוֹרִים: \n",
|
102 |
+
"הַמְנַכֵּשׁ עִם הַנָּכְרִי בַּחֲסִיּוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁפֵּרוֹתָיו טֶבֶל, אוֹכֵל מֵהֶם עֲרַאי. שְׁתִילֵי תְרוּמָה שֶׁנִטְמְאוּ, שְׁתָלָן, טָהֲרוּ מִלְּטַמֵּא, וַאֲסוּרִין מִלֶּאֱכֹל עַד שֶׁיָּגֹם אֶת הָאֹכֶל. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר עַד שֶׁיָגֹם וְיִשְׁנֶה: \n"
|
103 |
+
],
|
104 |
+
[
|
105 |
+
"בָּצָל שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ בְתוֹךְ עֲדָשִׁים, אִם שָׁלֵם, מֻתָּר. וְאִם חִתְּכוֹ, בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַתַּבְשִׁיל, בֵּין שָׁלֵם בֵּין מְחֻתָּךְ, בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר בְּצַחֲנָה, שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא לִטֹּל אֶת הַזֻּהֲמָא: \n",
|
106 |
+
"תַּפּוּחַ שֶׁרִסְּקוֹ וּנְתָנוֹ לְתוֹךְ עִסָּה, וְחִמְּצָהּ, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה. שְׂעוֹרִים שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לְתוֹךְ הַבּוֹר שֶׁל מַיִם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִבְאִישׁוּ, מֵימָיו מֻתָּרִין: \n",
|
107 |
+
"הָרוֹדֶה פַּת חַמָּה וּנְתָנָהּ עַל פִּי חָבִית שֶׁל יֵין תְּרוּמָה, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹסֵר, וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר בְּשֶׁל חִטִּים, וְאוֹסֵר בְּשֶׁל שְׂעוֹרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַשְּׂעוֹרִים שׁוֹאֲבוֹת: \n",
|
108 |
+
"תַּנּוּר שֶׁהִסִּיקוֹ בְכַמּוֹן שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה וְאָפָה בוֹ, הַפַּת מֻתֶּרֶת, שֶׁאֵין טַעַם כַּמּוֹן, אֶלָּא רֵיחַ כַּמּוֹן: \n",
|
109 |
+
"תִּלְתָּן שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְתוֹךְ הַבּוֹר שֶׁל יַיִן, בִּתְרוּמָה, בְּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אִם יֵשׁ בַּזֶּרַע כְּדֵי לִתֵּן טַעַם, אֲבָל לֹא בָעֵץ. בִּשְׁבִיעִית וּבְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ, אִם יֵשׁ בַּזֶּרַע וּבָעֵץ כְּדֵי לִתֵּן טָעַם: \n",
|
110 |
+
"מִי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ חֲבִילֵי תִלְתָּן בְּכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, יִדָּלֵקוּ. הָיוּ לוֹ חֲבִילֵי תִלְתָּן שֶׁל טֶבֶל, כּוֹתֵשׁ, וּמְחַשֵּׁב כַּמָּה זֶרַע יֶשׁ בָּהֶם, וּמַפְרִישׁ אֶת הַזֶּרַע, וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהַפְרִישׁ אֶת הָעֵץ. אִם הִפְרִישׁ, לֹא יֹאמַר אֶכְתּוֹשׁ וְאֶטֹּל אֶת הָעֵץ וְאֶתֵּן אֶת הַזֶּרַע, אֶלָּא נוֹתֵן הָעֵץ עִם הַזָּרַע: \n",
|
111 |
+
"זֵיתֵי חֻלִּין שֶׁכְּבָשָׁן עִם זֵיתֵי תְרוּמָה, פְּצוּעֵי חֻלִּין עִם פְּצוּעֵי תְרוּמָה, פְּצוּעֵי חֻלִּין עִם שְׁלֵמֵי תְרוּמָה, אוֹ בְמֵי תְרוּמָה, אָסוּר. אֲבָל שְׁלֵמֵי חֻלִּין עִם פְּצוּעֵי תְרוּמָה, מֻתָּר: \n",
|
112 |
+
"דָּג טָמֵא שֶׁכְּבָשׁוֹ עִם דָּג טָהוֹר, כָּל גָּרָב שֶׁהוּא מַחֲזִיק סָאתַיִם, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ מִשְׁקַל עֲשָׂרָה זוּז בִּיהוּדָה שֶׁהֵן חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים בַּגָּלִיל דָּג טָמֵא, צִירוֹ אָסוּר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, רְבִיעִית בְּסָאתָיִם. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֶחָד מִשִּׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר בּוֹ: \n",
|
113 |
+
"חֲגָבִים טְמֵאִים שֶׁנִּכְבְּשׁוּ עִם חֲגָבִים טְהוֹרִים, לֹא פָסְלוּ אֶת צִירָם. הֵעִיד רַבִּי צָדוֹק עַל ��ִיר חֲגָבִים טְמֵאִים, שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר: \n",
|
114 |
+
"כָּל הַנִּכְבָּשִׁים זֶה עִם זֶה, מֻתָּרִים, אֶלָּא עִם הַחֲסִית. חֲסִית שֶׁל חֻלִּין עִם חֲסִית שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, יָרָק שֶׁל חֻלִּין עִם חֲסִית שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, אָסוּר. אֲבָל חֲסִית שֶׁל חֻלִּין עִם יָרָק שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, מֻתָּר: \n",
|
115 |
+
"רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַנִּשְׁלָקִים עִם הַתְּרָדִים, אֲסוּרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם נוֹתְנִין אֶת הַטָּעַם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כְּרוּב שֶׁל שִׁקְיָא עִם כְּרוּב שֶׁל בַּעַל, אָסוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בוֹלֵעַ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַמִּתְבַּשְּׁלִין זֶה עִם זֶה, מֻתָּרִים, אֶלָּא עִם הַבָּשָׂר. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, הַכָּבֵד אוֹסֶרֶת וְאֵינָהּ נֶאֱסֶרֶת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא פוֹלֶטֶת וְאֵינָהּ בּוֹלָעַת: \n",
|
116 |
+
"בֵּיצָה שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלָה בִּתְבָלִין אֲסוּרִין, אֲפִלּוּ חֶלְמוֹן שֶׁלָּהּ אָסוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בוֹלֵעַ. מֵי שְׁלָקוֹת וּמֵי כְבָשִׁים שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, אֲסוּרִים לְזָרִים: \n"
|
117 |
+
],
|
118 |
+
[
|
119 |
+
"אֵין נוֹתְנִין דְּבֵלָה וּגְרוֹגָרוֹת לְתוֹךְ הַמּוּרְיָס, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְאַבְּדָן, אֲבָל נוֹתְנִין אֶת הַיַּיִן לַמּוּרְיָס. וְאֵין מְפַטְּמִין אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶן, אֲבָל עוֹשִׂין אֶת הַיַּיִן יֵנוּמְלִין. אֵין מְבַשְּׁלִין יַיִן שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַמְעִיטוֹ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַשְׁבִּיחוֹ: \n",
|
120 |
+
"דְּבַשׁ תְּמָרִים, וְיֵין תַּפּוּחִים, וְחֹמֶץ סִתְוָנִיּוֹת, וּשְׁאָר כָּל מֵי פֵרוֹת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְחַיֵּב קֶרֶן וְחֹמֶשׁ, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פּוֹטֵר. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא מִשּׁוּם מַשְׁקֶה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, לֹא מָנוּ חֲכָמִים שִׁבְעָה מַשְׁקִים כְּמוֹנֵי פְטָמִים, אֶלָּא אָמְרוּ, שִׁבְעָה מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִים, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין: \n",
|
121 |
+
"אֵין עוֹשִׂין תְּמָרִים דְּבַשׁ, וְלֹא תַפּוּחִים יַיִן, וְלֹא סִתְוָנִיּוֹת חֹמֶץ, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַפֵּרוֹת אֵין מְשַׁנִּין אוֹתָם מִבְּרִיָּתָן בִּתְרוּמָה וּבְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אֶלָּא זֵיתִים וַעֲנָבִים בִּלְבָד. אֵין סוֹפְגִין אַרְבָּעִים מִשּׁוּם עָרְלָה, אֶלָּא עַל הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים. וְאֵין מְבִיאִין בִּכּוּרִים מַשְׁקִין, אֶלָּא הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים. וְאֵינוֹ מִטַּמֵּא מִשּׁוּם מַשְׁקֶה, אֶלָּא הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים. וְאֵין מַקְרִיבִין עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, אֶלָּא הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַזֵּיתִים וּמִן הָעֲנָבִים: \n",
|
122 |
+
"עֻקְצֵי תְאֵנִים וּגְרוֹגָרוֹת, וְהַכְּלִיסִים וְהֶחָרוּבִין שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, אֲסוּרִים לְזָרִים: \n",
|
123 |
+
"גַּרְעִינֵי תְרוּמָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מְכַנְּסָן, אֲסוּרוֹת, וְאִם הִשְׁלִיכָן, מֻתָּרוֹת. וְכֵן עַצְמוֹת הַקָּדָשִׁים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מְכַנְּסָן, אֲסוּרִין, וְאִם הִשְׁלִיכָן, מֻתָּרִין. הַמֻּרְסָן מֻתָּר. סֻבִּין שֶׁל חֲדָשׁוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת, וְשֶׁל יְשָׁנוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת. וְנוֹהֵג בַּתְּרוּמָה כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא נוֹהֵג בַּחֻלִּין. הַמְסַלֵּת קַב אוֹ קַבַּיִם לִסְאָה, לֹא יְאַבֵּד אֶת הַשְּׁאָר, אֶלָּא יַנִּיחֶנּוּ בְּמָקוֹם הַמֻּצְנָע: \n",
|
124 |
+
"מְגוּרָה שֶׁפִּנָּה מִמֶּנָּה חִטֵּי תְרוּמָה, אֵין מְחַיְּבִין אוֹתוֹ לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֵׁב וּמְלַקֵּט אַחַת אַחַת, אֶלָּא מְכַבֵּד כְּדַרְכּוֹ, וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָהּ חֻלִּין: \n",
|
125 |
+
"וְכֵן חָבִית שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן שֶׁנִּשְׁפְּכָה, אֵין מְחַיְּבִין אוֹתוֹ לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֵׁב וּמְטַפֵּחַ, אֶלָּא נוֹהֵג בָּהּ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא נוֹהֵג בְּחֻלִּין: \n",
|
126 |
+
"הַמְעָרֶה מִכַּד לְכַד וְנוֹטֵף שָׁלֹשׁ טִפִּים, נוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָהּ חֻלִּין. הִרְכִּינָהּ וּמִצָּהּ, הֲרֵי זוֹ תְרוּמָה. וְכַמָּה תְהֵא בִתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל דְּמַאי וְיוֹלִיכֶנָּה לַכֹּהֵן, אֶחָד מִשְּׁמֹנָה לַשְּׁמִינִית: \n",
|
127 |
+
"כַּרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה, מַאֲכִילִין אוֹתָם לַבְּהֵמָה וְלַחַיָּה וְלַתַּרְנְגוֹלִים. יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁשָּׂכַר פָּרָה מִכֹּהֵן, מַאֲכִילָהּ כַּרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה. וְכֹהֵן שֶׁשָּׂכַר פָּרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ עָלָיו, לֹא יַאֲכִילֶנָּה כַרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה. יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁשָּׁם פָּרָה מִכֹּהֵן, לֹא יַאֲכִילֶנָּה כַרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה. וְכֹהֵן שֶׁשָּׁם פָּרָה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, מַאֲכִילָהּ כַּרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה: \n",
|
128 |
+
"מַדְלִיקִין שֶׁמֶן שְׂרֵפָה בְּבָתֵּי כְנֵסִיּוֹת, וּבְבָתֵּי מִדְרָשׁוֹת, וּבַמְּבוֹאוֹת הָאֲפֵלִין, וְעַל גַּבֵּי הַחוֹלִין בִּרְשׁוּת כֹּהֵן. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, וְהִיא לְמוּדָה אֵצֶל אָבִיהָ, אָבִיהָ מַדְלִיק בִּרְשׁוּתָהּ. מַדְלִיקִין בְּבֵית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה, אֲבָל לֹא בְבֵית הָאֵבֶל, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בְּבֵית הָאֵבֶל, אֲבָל לֹא בְבֵית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹסֵר כָּאן וְכָאן. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר כָּאן וְכָאן: \n"
|
129 |
+
]
|
130 |
+
],
|
131 |
+
"versions": [
|
132 |
+
[
|
133 |
+
"Torat Emet 357",
|
134 |
+
"http://www.toratemetfreeware.com/index.html?downloads"
|
135 |
+
]
|
136 |
+
],
|
137 |
+
"heTitle": "משנה תרומות",
|
138 |
+
"categories": [
|
139 |
+
"Mishnah",
|
140 |
+
"Seder Zeraim"
|
141 |
+
],
|
142 |
+
"sectionNames": [
|
143 |
+
"Chapter",
|
144 |
+
"Mishnah"
|
145 |
+
]
|
146 |
+
}
|