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45471126	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%20Rian%20Ardianto	Muhammad Rian Ardianto	Muhammad Rian Ardianto (born 13 February 1996) is an Indonesian badminton player. Born in Bantul, Yogyakarta SR, Ardianto plays for the Jaya Raya Jakarta club at national events. He won the men's doubles silver medal at the 2018 Asian Games, the bronze medals at the 2019 World Championships and at the 2017 SEA Games. Ardianto was part of Indonesia winning team at the 2020 Thomas Cup. Career In the junior events, Ardianto has collected two silvers and a bronze at the World Junior Championships, and also a bronze medal at the Asian Junior Championships. Partnering Fajar Alfian in the men's doubles event, they have won some international tournaments including the Indonesia International in 2014, 2015, and 2016; the Austrian International in 2015; and at the BWF Grand Prix level, the 2016 Chinese Taipei Masters. Ardianto was a member of the Indonesia men's team that won gold medals at the 2017 and 2019 SEA Games. He also played with Alfian, and clinched the men's doubles bronze at that event in 2017. In 2018, Ardianto and Alfian competed on the BWF World Tour, and won titles at the Malaysia Masters and the Syed Modi International, and at the 2019 Swiss and Korea Opens. The duo were a silver medalists at the 2018 Asian Games, and bronze medalists at the 2019 BWF World Championships. In February 2020, Ardianto alongside Indonesia men's team won the Asia Team Championships held in Manila. In September–October 2021, Ardianto alongside Indonesia team competed at the 2021 Sudirman Cup in Vantaa, Finland. He and Alfian contribute a point in a tie against Canada. Indonesia team advanced to the knocked-out stage, but stopped in the quarter-finals to Malaysia. In the next tournament, he helped Indonesia team won the World Men's Team Championships, the 2020 Thomas Cup. In the first half of 2022, the Ardianto and Alfian partnership have won three titles of seven finals that they reached. The duo won the Swiss Open, Indonesia and Malaysia Masters, and finished runners-up at the Korea, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore Opens. They also won bronze medal at the Asian Championships. In October, they won their fourth title of the year at the Denmark Open. In the final week of 2022, they reach career high of world number 1. 2023 In January, the Ardianto and Alfian partnership won their first Super 1000 tournament at the Malaysia Open by defeating Chinese pair Liang Weikeng and Wang Chang. In the following week, as the last man stand, they were defeated in the semi-finals of India Open by 3rd seed Malaysian pair Aaron Chia and Soh Wooi Yik, and made Indonesia going home empty handed. They competed in the home tournament, Indonesia Masters, but unfortunately lost in the quarter-finals from 5th seed Chinese pair Liu Yuchen and Ou Xuanyi. In February, Ardianto join the Indonesia national badminton team to compete at the Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships, but unfortunately the teams lost in the quarter-finals from team Korea. With the Indonesian federation skipping the German Open, Ardianto and Alfian resumed competition at the All England in March. They won their first ever All England title in an all-Indonesian final against Mohammad Ahsan and Hendra Setiawan. At the Spain Masters they lost in the quarter-finals from unseeded Chinese Taipei player Lee Fang-chih and Lee Fang-jen. In late April, Ardianto competed at the Asian Championships in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, but had to lose in the quarter-finals from 8th seed Malaysian pair Ong Yew Sin and Teo Ee Yi. In May, Ardianto alongside the Indonesian team competed at the 2023 Sudirman Cup in Suzhou, China. He won a match in the group stage, against Supak Jomkoh and Kittinupong Kedren of Thailand. Indonesia advanced to the knockout stage but lost at the quarterfinals against China. In the following week, Ardianto competed in the second Asian Tour at the Malaysia Masters. Unfortunately, he lost in the first round from eventual winner Korean pair Kang Min-hyuk and Seo Seung-jae. In June, Ardianto competed at the Singapore Open, but lost in the first round from English pair Ben Lane and Sean Vendy. In the next tour, they competed at the home tournament, Indonesia Open, but lost in the quarter finals from 7th seed and eventual champions Indian pair Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty in straight matches. In July, Ardianto competed at the Korea Open, but lost in the final against 3rd seed Indian pair Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty for second times in a row. In the next tour, he competed at the Japan Open, but lost in the semi-finals against Chinese Taipei pair Lee Yang and Wang Chi-lin. In early August, Ardianto competed at the Australian Open, but had to lose in the quarter-finals from 8th seed Korean pair Kang Min-hyuk and Seo Seung-jae in rubber games. In late August, he competed at the World Championships, but lost in the second round from Taiwanese pair Lee Jhe-huei and Yang Po-hsuan in straight games. Awards and nominations Achievements BWF World Championships Men's doubles Asian Games Men's doubles Asian Championships Men's doubles SEA Games Men's doubles BWF World Junior Championships Boys' doubles Mixed doubles Asian Junior Championships Mixed doubles BWF World Tour (10 titles, 6 runners-up) The BWF World Tour, which was announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). The BWF World Tour is divided into levels of World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300, and the BWF Tour Super 100. Men's doubles BWF Grand Prix (1 title, 2 runners-up) The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) and played between 2007 and 2017. Men's doubles BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament BWF Grand Prix tournament BWF International Challenge/Series (4 titles) Men's doubles BWF International Challenge tournament BWF International Series tournament BWF Junior International (1 runner-up) Boys' doubles BWF Junior International Grand Prix tournament BWF Junior International Challenge tournament BWF Junior International Series tournament BWF Junior Future Series tournament Performance timeline National team Junior level Senior level Individual competitions Junior level Boys' doubles Mixed doubles Senior level Men's doubles Mixed doubles Record against selected opponents Men's doubles results with Fajar Alfian against year-end Finals finalists, World Championships semi-finalists, and Olympic quarter-finalists, accurate as of 11 December 2022. References 1996 births Living people People from Bantul Regency Sportspeople from Special Region of Yogyakarta Indonesian male badminton players Badminton players at the 2018 Asian Games Asian Games silver medalists for Indonesia Asian Games medalists in badminton Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games Competitors at the 2017 SEA Games Competitors at the 2019 SEA Games SEA Games gold medalists for Indonesia SEA Games bronze medalists for Indonesia SEA Games medalists in badminton 21st-century Indonesian people
49952211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshima%20Art%20Museum	Hiroshima Art Museum	Hiroshima Art Museum may refer to: Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art Hiroshima Museum of Art Hiroshima Prefectural Art Museum
644894	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist%20collective	Artist collective	An artist collective is an initiative that is the result of a group of artists working together, usually under their own management, towards shared aims. The aims of an artist collective can include almost anything that is relevant to the needs of the artist; this can range from purchasing bulk materials, sharing equipment, space or materials, to following shared ideologies, aesthetic and political views or even living and working together as an extended family. Sharing of ownership, risk, benefits, and status is implied, as opposed to other, more common business structures with an explicit hierarchy of ownership such as an association or a company. Overview Artist collectives have occurred throughout history, often gathered around central resources, for instance the ancient sculpture workshops at the marble quarries on Milos in Greece and Carrara in Italy. During the French Revolution the Louvre in Paris was occupied as an artist collective. More traditional artist collectives tend to be smallish groups of two to eight artists who produce work, either collaboratively or as individuals toward exhibiting together in gallery shows or public spaces. Often an artist collective will maintain a collective space, for exhibiting or as workshop or studio facilities. Some newer, more experimental kinds of groups include intentional networks, anonymous, connector, hidden or nested groups, and groups with unconventional time-scales. Artist collectives may be formed: for economic reasons, to give members volume purchasing power and allow costs of publicity and shows to be shared, for political reasons, to increase local lobbying power for arts infrastructure, to gather behind a cause or belief, for professional reasons, to develop a higher group profile that benefits the individuals by association, to create a hub for curators and commissioners to more easily locate potential talent. See also Art group Musical collective References Further reading External links Artist Collectives Searchable database of Art Groups and Collective in Canada and the US Chicago group Temporary Services webliography of "Groups and Spaces" includes many artists' collectives A doctoral study of Exploding Cinema, a London collective of artists and filmmakers
68720444	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte%20Bove%20%28disambiguation%29	Monte Bove (disambiguation)	Monte Bove is a mountain in the Monti Sibillini range of the Apennines, Marche, central Italy. Monte Bove may also refer to: Monte Bove (Chile), a mountain of the Cordillera Darwin, Chile Monte Bove Sud, a mountain of Marche, Italy Croce di Monte Bove, a mountain of Marche, Italy See also Bove (disambiguation)
64270859	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erika%20F.%20Augustine	Erika F. Augustine	Erika F. Augustine is an Associate Chief Science Officer and Director of the Clinical Trials Unit at Kennedy Krieger Institute. She was previously an Associate Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics at the University of Rochester Medical Center in Rochester, New York. Augustine co-directed the University of Rochester Batten Center, and was the associate director of both the Center for Health and Technology and the Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research. Augustine's clinical research and medical practice specialize in pediatric movement disorders. She leads clinical trials for Batten diseases, a group of rare pediatric neurodegenerative disorders, and she has developed a novel telemedicine model to increase the efficacy of remote care for patients with rare diseases. Early life and education Augustine pursued her undergraduate education at Harvard University. She majored in Biological Anthropology and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1999. Following the completion of her undergraduate degree, she attended the University of Rochester for medical school. She obtained her MD in 2003, and then moved back to Boston to pursue her residency training at the Boston Children's Hospital. In 2008, she completed her residency training in Pediatrics and Child Neurology and then moved back to Rochester for her Fellowships. In 2009, she completed a fellowship in Experimental Therapeutics, and in 2010, she completed a fellowship in pediatric movement disorders. She then completed her Masters of Science in Translational Research at the University of Rochester in 2014. Career and research In 2012, Augustine was appointed to Assistant Professor of Neurology, Pediatrics, and the Center for Health and Technology at the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC). In 2013, she became the Assistant Program Director for the Experimental Therapeutics of Neurological Disorders Fellowship and in 2015 she became the associate director of the Center for Health and Technology at URMC. In 2017, she was promoted to Associate Professor of Neurology, Pediatrics, and the Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics. In 2018, URMC was selected by the National Institutes of Health to house the Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research and Augustine became a member of the executive committee, specifically the associate director of the center, where she serves as a principal investigator on FDA funded clinical trials. Outside of URMC, Augustine is a member of the National Institutes of Health Taskforce on Childhood Motor Disorders. She also bridges translational research with the clinic by working as a consultant to the Food and Drug Administration Neurological Devices Panel to expedite the use of informative wearable technologies in gathering data in patients with neurological diseases to track disease and recovery. She is also the Diversity Officer for the new NIH based Child Neurologist Career Development Program K12 (CNCD-K12) where she reviews applications of clinician-scientists to receive funding. She also organizes and oversees the Minority Research Scholars Program through the CNCDP-K12 which provides travels awards to individuals to attend the Neurobiology of Disease in Children Symposium and the Child Neurology Society Annual Meeting. In addition, Augustine is the Chair of the Scientific Program Committee for planning the Child Neurology Symposium. Augustine is also a member of NeuroNEXT, a network distributed across institutions and funded by the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders to focus on expediting the development of therapies for neurological disorders. Augustine has been featured on several media platforms such as WXXINews to discuss her research on rare neurological diseases and she has also been a panelist on Second Opinion TV. Novel treatments for rare neurological Diseases Since rare and orphan diseases are highly understudied and patients with these diseases face very few, if any, treatments or cures, Augustine has dedicated much of for clinical research to understanding these diseases and developing therapies to treat them. She focuses on neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) or Batten diseases, which are a group of rare pediatric neurodegenerative disorders showing symptoms similar to dementia and parkinsons, often with blindness, seizures, and motor impairment. Her work has helped to elucidate the distinct characteristics of juvenile NCLs, in that they do not show myoclonic seizures to the same extent as other subsets of NCLs. Augustine has also begun to pilot studies of remote assessment of disease symptoms and progression through audiovisual technological assessment of neuropsychological symptoms. This work is critical since patients often have to travel from far distances to seek specialized treatment for NCLs, so remote data and disease monitoring would greatly enhance the quality of care and treatment. After characterizing the disorder and exploring ways to track disease progress, Augustine has taken steps towards elucidating pharmacological compounds to better target disease causes and treat symptoms in NCL patients. Data shows that inflammation and autoimmunity are characteristic of NCLs, so Augustine tested mycophenolate on patients with NCL, an immunosuppressant, to first see how short term administration was tolerated. She found that immunosuppression through mycophenolate was well tolerated in patients and they are now moving on to long term clinical trials to test the efficacy in reducing NCL symptoms. Remote rare disease monitoring Since remote disease monitoring is critical to effectively treating patients with rare disorders, who often do not live close to specialized clinic where they seek treatment and health management, Augustine has been exploring novel ways to best provide remote care to these patients. She has explored how telemedicine performs as a means of administering the Unified Batten Disease Rating Scale (UBDRS) Physical Impairment subscale to assess disease severity. Using live video, patients are assessed by trained examiners, and they found that this method works well to diagnose disease severity in patients with Batten Diseases. Following up on this work, Augustine and her colleagues have developed a revised model for care for rare diseases, since the patient population and needs are different from common diseases where local care delivery is much more feasible. Her model includes the use of telehealth to remove geographic barriers to healthcare access while also enhancing for data collection and patient-provider-researcher communication. Sex differences in neurological disease Augustine's research has also explored sex differences in neurological diseases. Anecdotal evidence from parents had suggested that females experience increased severity of Batten Disease symptoms, so Augustine sought to explore this further. She found that Females, on average, had later disease onset and earlier death in addition to an earlier loss in functional capability. Augustine has also explored sex differences in Parkinson's Disease. She has found that, overall, men and women do not exhibit differences in clinical motor impairment in the early course of the disease. She did observe differences in non-motor symptoms such as cognition, depression, and sleep disturbances. Awards and honors 1999 Dean's Fellowship Merit Scholarship, University of Rochester School of Medicine 2003 Alpha Omega Alpha, University of Rochester School of Medicine 2007 American Neurological Association Residents' Program Scholarship 2013 Faculty Teaching Award from the Department of Neurology at the University of Rochester Medical Center 2015 Early Career Reviewer Program National Institutes of Health 2017 A. B. Baker Teaching Recognition, American Academy of Neurology 2018 Robert J. Joynt Endowed Professorship in Experimental Therapeutics of Neurology Select publications Adams HR, Defendorf S, Vierhile A, Mink JW, Marshall FJ, Augustine EF. A novel, hybrid, single- and multi-site clinical trial design for CLN3 disease, an ultra-rare lysosomal storage disorder. Clin Trials. 2019;16(5):555‐560. doi:10.1177/1740774519855715 Augustine EF, Beck CA, Adams HR, et al. Short-Term Administration of Mycophenolate Is Well-Tolerated in CLN3 Disease (Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis). JIMD Rep. 2019;43:117‐124. doi:10.1007/8904_2018_113 Augustine EF, Adams HR, Bitsko RH, et al. Design of a Multisite Study Assessing the Impact of Tic Disorders on Individuals, Families, and Communities. Pediatr Neurol. 2017;68:49‐58.e3. doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.10.017 Papandreou A, Schneider RB, Augustine EF, et al. Delineation of the movement disorders associated with FOXG1 mutations. Neurology. 2016;86(19):1794‐1800. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002585 Augustine EF, Pérez A, Dhall R, et al. Sex Differences in Clinical Features of Early, Treated Parkinson's Disease. PLOS One. 2015;10(7):e0133002. Published 2015 Jul 14. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133002 Augustine EF, Adams HR, Beck CA, et al. Standardized assessment of seizures in patients with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015;57(4):366‐371. doi:10.1111/dmcn.12634 Augustine EF, Adams HR, Mink JW. Clinical trials in rare disease: challenges and opportunities. J Child Neurol. 2013;28(9):1142‐1150. doi:10.1177/0883073813495959 Statland JM, Griggs RC, Augustine EF. Emerging subspecialties in neurology: fellowship in experimental therapeutics of neurologic disease. Neurology. 2012;79(13):e106‐e108. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826c19b4 Cialone J, Adams H, Augustine EF, et al. Females experience a more severe disease course in Batten disease [published correction appears in J Inherit Metab Dis. 2012 May;35(3):559]. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2012;35(3):549‐555. doi:10.1007/s10545-011-9421-6 Cialone J, Augustine EF, Newhouse N, Vierhile A, Marshall FJ, Mink JW. Quantitative telemedicine ratings in Batten disease: implications for rare disease research. Neurology. 2011;77(20):1808‐1811. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182377e29 References Living people Year of birth missing (living people) University of Rochester faculty University of Rochester alumni Harvard College alumni American neurologists Women neurologists 21st-century American non-fiction writers
22283575	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie%20Moser	Ernie Moser	Ernie Moser (born April 30, 1949) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger who was drafted 9th overall in the 1969 NHL Amateur Draft by the Toronto Maple Leafs. Career statistics External links 1949 births Canadian ice hockey right wingers Flint Generals (IHL) players Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan Living people Muskegon Mohawks players National Hockey League first-round draft picks Springfield Indians players Toronto Maple Leafs draft picks Tulsa Oilers (1964–1984) players People from Rural Municipality Happyland No. 231, Saskatchewan Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
5947043	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Thomas%20T.%20Tucker	SS Thomas T. Tucker	The SS Thomas T. Tucker (Hull Number 269) was a Liberty ship built by The Houston Shipbuilding Corporation for service as a troop and weapons carrier. Liberty ships were named after prominent (deceased) Americans, starting with Patrick Henry and the signers of the Declaration of Independence. She was named after Thomas Tudor Tucker, an American physician and politician from Charleston, South Carolina. He represented South Carolina in both the Continental Congress and the U.S. House. He later served as Treasurer of the United States. Career The ship was laid down on June 16, 1942, then launched on August 31, 1942. She was operated by Merchants & Miners Transportation Company under charter with the Maritime Commission and War Shipping Administration. She ran aground off Olifantsbos Point, near Cape Point, on November 27, 1942, during heavy fog while on her maiden voyage from New Orleans to Suez. She was sailing close to the coast – as she usually did when the sea was rough, due to the German U-boats actively patrolling the area – and the captain misjudged the ship's location because of the heavy fog. Assuming they were close to Robben Island, and therefore not far from Cape Town, the crew relaxed, and the ship ran aground. After an investigation, it was discovered that the ship's compass was out by 37°, although no conclusive reason was found for the incident. Location The wreck is located on stretch of rocks on the shoreline of Olifantsbos Beach, within The Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve. It is split into three sections with a boiler higher up on the beach. See also List of shipwrecks of the Western Cape. References External links Shipwrecks of the South African Atlantic coast Liberty ships Maritime incidents in November 1942 1942 ships
68181652	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322%20Villanova%20Wildcats%20men%27s%20basketball%20team	2021–22 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team	The 2021–22 Villanova Wildcats men's basketball team represented Villanova University in the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by head coach Jay Wright in his 21st and final year of coaching, the Wildcats played their home games at the Finneran Pavilion on the school's campus in the Philadelphia suburb of Villanova, Pennsylvania and Wells Fargo Center as members of the Big East Conference. They finished the season 30–8, 16–4 in Big East play to finish in second place. They defeated St. John's, UConn, and Creighton to win the Big East tournament championship. As a result, they received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 2 seed in the South region. They defeated Delaware, Ohio State, Michigan, and Houston to advance to the Final Four. There they lost to eventual national champion Kansas. On April 20, 2022, head coach Jay Wright announced he was retiring effective immediately. Former Wright assistant and Fordham head coach Kyle Neptune was named the new head coach. Previous season In a season limited due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Wildcats finished the 2020–21 season 18–7 overall and 11–4 in Big East play to finish first place in the conference. As the No. 1 seed in the Big East tournament, they lost in the quarterfinals 72–71 to eventual conference tournament champions Georgetown. In the NCAA tournament, the Wildcats received the 5 seed in the South Regional. They defeated Winthrop and North Texas to reach the Sweet 16, where they fell to eventual tournament champions Baylor 62–51. Villanova finished #11 in the final Coaches Poll. Offseason Departures 2021 recruiting class Coaching changes Following the 2020–21 season, longtime assistant coach Kyle Neptune left the Wildcats to become the head coach at Fordham. Wright subsequently promoted George Halcovage to Associate Head Coach and Dwayne Anderson from Director of Basketball Operations to Assistant Coach. Mike Nardi remained in his Assistant Coach position. Roster Schedule and results \|- !colspan=12 style=\| Regular season \|- !colspan=12 style=\| Big East tournament \|- !colspan=12 style=\| NCAA tournament Source Rankings *Coaches did not release a week 1 poll. Awards and honors Big East Conference honors All-Big East Awards Player of the Year: Collin Gillespie Scholar-Athlete of the Year: Collin Gillespie All-Big East First Team Collin Gillespie All-Big East Second Team Justin Moore National awards Bob Cousy Award: Collin Gillespie Third Team All-American: Collin Gillespie (AP, NABC, Sporting News, USBWA) References Villanova Wildcats men's basketball seasons Villanova Villanova NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament Final Four seasons Villanova Wildcats men's basketball Villanova Wildcats men's basketball
8562310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulmus%20%C3%97%20hollandica%20%27Viscosa%27	Ulmus × hollandica 'Viscosa'	The hybrid elm Ulmus × hollandica 'Viscosa' is probably one of a number of cultivars arising from the crossing of the Wych Elm U. glabra with a variety of Field Elm U. minor. The tree was listed by Loddiges, (Hackney, London) in his catalogue of 1836 and two years later by Loudon in Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum 3: 1378, 1838, as U. viscosa. An early specimen in the Herbarium Dumortier named U. viscosa Audibert was later sunk by Melville as U. × hollandica. Description 'Viscosa' was distinguished by its large, deep-green leaves with anthocyanin pigment. Cultivation No specimens are known to survive in Europe. Synonymy Ulmus viscosa: Loddiges, and Loudon (see text). References Dutch elm cultivar Ulmus articles missing images Ulmus Missing elm cultivars
16093303	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kholok%20language	Kholok language	Kulung (also known as Kode, Koode, Kwoode, Pia, Pitiko, Widala, Wurkum) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Nigeria. Notes West Chadic languages Languages of Nigeria
16766599	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulta%2C%20Blekinge	Hulta, Blekinge	Hulta is a settlement in Blekinge County, Sweden. References Populated places in Ronneby Municipality
5641102	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20international%20relations%20institutes%20and%20organisations	List of international relations institutes and organisations	Associations Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs (APSIA) Global Studies Consortium International Studies Association The Jadavpur Association of International Relations Swedish Association of International Affairs Institutes Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University, Netherlands Institut Barcelona d'Estudis Internacionals (Catalonia, Spain) The European Institute for International Law and International Relations (Brussels) ISPI Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale (Italian Institute for International Political Studies), Milan, Italy Institute of World Politics (Washington, D.C.) International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), UK The Australian Institute of International Affairs (Deakin, ACT, Australia) The Canadian Institute of International Affairs, Toronto, ON, Canada The Finnish Institute of International Affairs The Nigerian Institute of International Affairs The Norwegian Institute of International Affairs The New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, Wellington, New Zealand The Pakistan Institute of International Affairs, (PIIA) Karachi, Pakistan The Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, London, United Kingdom Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations, Geneva, Switzerland Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland International Strategic Research Organization (ISRO/USAK) EGMONT – The Royal Institute for International Relations, Brussels, Belgium University of Florida International Center Center for International Affairs, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. South American Institute for Policy and Strategy Porto Alegre, Brazil Politics, Administration & International Relations at Zeppelin University, Germany University of Guadalajara located in Guadalajara, Mexico Department of International Studies (Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades) Department of Asia-Pacific Studies (Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades) Department of Latin American Studies (Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades) Networks and think tanks Henry Jackson Society - Cambridge and London based think tank.
45695919	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abba%20Gumel	Abba Gumel	Abba Gumel is a Professor & The Michael and Eugenia Brin Endowed E-Nnovate Chair in Mathematics at the Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park. His research, which spans three main areas of applied mathematics (namely, mathematical biology, applied dynamical systems and computational mathematics), is focused on the use of mathematical modeling and rigorous approaches, together with statistical analysis, to gain insight into the dynamics of real-life phenomena arising in the natural and engineering sciences. The main emphasis of Gumel's work is on the mathematical theory of epidemics – specifically, he uses mathematical theories and methodologies to gain insights into the qualitative behavior of nonlinear dynamical systems arising from the mathematical modelling of phenomena in the natural and engineering sciences, with emphasis on the transmission dynamics and control of emerging and re-emerging human (and other animal) infectious diseases of public health and socio-economic interest. Biography Gumel was a Foundation Professor of Mathematics at the School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, before becoming The Michael and Eugenia Brin Endowed E-Nnovate Chair in Mathematics at the Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park in 2022. Professor Gumel is an elected Fellow of the American Mathematical Society (AMS), Fellow of Society for Industrial Applied Mathematics, African Academy of Sciences, Nigerian Academy of Science, African Scientific Institute and the ASU-Santa Fe Center of Biosocial Complex Systems. In 2021, Professor Gumel was chosen to give the AMS Einstein Public Lecture in Mathematics of the American Mathematical Society. He was named Extraordinary Professor at the Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria (2015-2023) and Adjunct Professor at the Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Canada. Gumel has written over 160 peer-reviewed research, numerous book chapters and edited three books. Books Abba B. Gumel. Mathematics of Continuous and Discrete Dynamical Systems. Contemporary Mathematics Series, American Mathematical Society. Volume 618 (310 Pages), 2014. Abba B. Gumel and Suzanne Lenhart (Eds.). Modeling Paradigms and Analysis of Disease Transmission Models. DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science. Volume 75. American Mathematical Society, 2010 (268 Pages). Abba B. Gumel (Chief Editor), Carlos-Castillo-Chavez (ed.), Ronald E. Mickens (ed.) and Dominic Clemence (ed.). Mathematical Studies on Human Disease Dynamics: Emerging Paradigms and Challenges. American Mathematical Society Contemporary Mathematics Series, Volume 410, 2006 (389 Pages). Promotion of biomedical sciences in Nigeria In 2014, Professor Gumel became one of eight US-based scientists who signed a memorandum of understanding with seven Nigerian universities aimed at helping them build world-class capacity in biomedical sciences research and pedagogy. Awards and recognition Named to the 2022 class of Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, ``For distinguished contributions to mathematical biology, particularly the modeling and analysis of epidemics and other global public health challenges, and to the advancement of mathematics on the African continent" Named to the 2023 class of Fellows of the American Mathematical Society, "for contributions to the mathematical theory of epidemics, applied dynamical systems, and promoting the use of mathematics to help solve global public health challenges". Named to the 2022 class of Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, "for stellar contributions to mathematical biology, particularly the modeling of epidemics, and applications to other public health problems". Winner of 2021 Bellman Prize (with former student, Dr. Kamaldeen Okuneye) Selected to give The AMS Einstein Public Lecture in Mathematics (American Mathematical Society, March 2021) Appointed Founding Fellow, ASU-Santa Fe Institute Center for Biosocial Complex Systems (January 2015) Appointed Extraordinary Professor, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, South Africa (2015-2021) Merit Award for research excellence in 2011, given by the University of Manitoba and the University of Manitoba Faculty Association (given in May 2012). Eight awards are given each year, under the research category, throughout the campus Merit Award for research excellence in 2010, given by the University of Manitoba and the University of Manitoba Faculty Association (given in June 2011) Elected Fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Science (FAS): 2010 Elected Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences (FAAS): 2009 Received the 2009 Dr. Lindsay E. Nicolle Award for the best paper published in the Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology References Living people 20th-century Canadian mathematicians 21st-century Canadian mathematicians Arizona State University faculty Academic staff of the University of Manitoba Year of birth missing (living people) Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Fellows of the American Mathematical Society Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences
19403304	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyamoto%20%28crater%29	Miyamoto (crater)	Miyamoto is a crater within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars, west of the Plains of Meridiani. It is wide. Its northeastern half is filled with rocks formed in the presence of water and include minerals of iron and sulfur, which likely settled on lake bottoms or in groundwater systems. In the southwestern half of the crater floor, erosion has stripped these materials away, revealing clays and other materials like those found in the most ancient Martian rocks. More than 3.5 billion years old, they date to the Noachian era at which time, liquid water was likely present at the surface and could have created an environment favorable to life. Miyamoto was considered as a possible landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory. Mars Science Laboratory Several sites in the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle have been proposed as areas to send NASA's next major Mars rover, the Mars Science Laboratory. Miyamoto Crater was in the top seven sites chosen. Among the top 33 landing sites was Iani Chaos. Holden Crater is believed to have once been a lake. Eberswalde Crater contains a delta. There is a great deal of evidence that Miyamoto Crater once contained rivers and lakes. Many minerals, such as clays, chlorides, sulfates, and iron oxides, have been discovered there. Miyamoto Crater displays Inverted relief in the form of inverted channels. The picture below shows an inverted channel in Miyamoto. Inverted channels formed from accumulated sediments that were cemented by minerals. These channels eroded into the surface, then the whole area was covered over with sediments. When the sediments were later eroded away, the place where the river channel existed remained because the hardened material were resistant to erosion. In an article published in January 2010, a large group of scientists endorsed the idea of searching for life in Miyamoto Crater because of inverted stream channels and minerals that indicated the past presence of water. The aim of the Mars Science Laboratory is to search for signs of ancient life. It is hoped that a later mission could then return samples from sites identified as probably containing remains of life. To safely bring the craft down, a 12 mile wide, smooth, flat circle is needed. Geologists hope to examine places where water once ponded. They would like to examine sediment layers. The seven finalists were: Eberswalde crater Gale crater Holden crater Mawrth Vallis Miyamoto Crater Nili Fossae Trough Southern Meridiani (also near Miyamato) See also Groundwater on Mars Nearby craters: Endeavour (crater) Bopolu (crater) Iazu (crater) Nearby spacecraft Opportunity (rover) ExoMars Schiaparelli EDM lander References Impact craters on Mars Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle
73753772	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon%20Locsin%20Montelibano%20Memorial%20Regional%20Hospital	Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital	The Corazon Locsin Montelibano Memorial Regional Hospital (CLMMRH) is a tertiary level government hospital in the Philippines with an authorized bed capacity of one thousand (1000). It is located along Lacson Street, Bacolod, Negros Occidental. References Further reading Relevant hospital laws and mandate BP 118 (Series 1981) BP 825 (Series 1984) Republic Act 11441 Hospitals in the Philippines
431762	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20person	Second person	Second person can refer to the following: A grammatical person (you, your and yours in the English language) Second-person narrative, a perspective in storytelling Second Person (band), a trip-hop band from London God the Son, the Second Person of the Christian Trinity Related First person (disambiguation) Third person (disambiguation)
19110628	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miika%20Wiikman	Miika Wiikman	Miika Wiikman (born October 17, 1984) is a Swedish-born Finnish professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently a free agent having last played for Anglet Hormadi Élite of the Ligue Magnus. Playing career Wiikman started his junior career in Sweden with HV71 before moving to HPK in Finland, with whom he won the SM-liiga championship in 2006 and was a recipient of the Jari Kurri trophy as the Playoff MVP. He signed an AHL contract with the Hartford Wolf Pack on June 4, 2007. Miika started the 2007–08 season splitting playing time with Al Montoya. After the latter's trade to the Phoenix Coyotes organization, Wiikman became Hartford's primary goaltender, finishing the season with a 21-8-3 record, during which he was awarded Player of the Week on January 27, 2008. On April 24, 2008, he signed an NHL entry-level contract with the Rangers. He opened the 2009–10 season again with Hartford before he was reassigned to the Charlotte Checkers of the ECHL. On March 3, 2010, Wiikman was traded by the Rangers to the Phoenix Coyotes for Anders Eriksson. He was then assigned to AHL affiliate, the San Antonio Rampage for the remainder of the season. On April 26, 2010, Wiikman returned to the Finland's SM-liiga, signing a one-year contract with Lukko for the 2010-11 season. On the June 21, 2015, Wiikman continued his journeyman career in moving to England, to play for the Nottingham Panthers of the Elite ice hockey league. Wiikman departed Nottingham in April 2017, following two years with the team. In September 2017, Wiikman signed with EIHL new-boys Milton Keynes Lightning as short-term injury cover following an injury to their number one netminder in pre-season. In August 2018, Wiikman signed for fellow EIHL side Coventry Blaze after it was confirmed that incumbent netminder Kevin Nastiuk was not returning to the club. Wiikman, a dual citizen, has played on the Finnish national team and the Swedish national junior team. Career statistics Awards 2002-03 J20 SuperElit SM-silver Medal 2003-04 Finland2 (Mestis) Rookie of the Year 2005-06 Jari Kurri trophy - awarded to the best player in the Finnish SM-liiga playoffs. 2005-06 SM-liiga Champion References External links 1984 births Living people Anglet Hormadi Élite players HC '05 Banská Bystrica players Charlotte Checkers (1993–2010) players Coventry Blaze players Finnish ice hockey goaltenders Hartford Wolf Pack players HDD Olimpija Ljubljana players HPK players Ilves players Jokerit players Kiekko-Vantaa players Kokkolan Hermes players Lukko players Milton Keynes Lightning players Nottingham Panthers players Oulun Kärpät players People from Mariestad Municipality SaiPa players San Antonio Rampage players Swedish ice hockey goaltenders TuTo players Ice hockey people from Västra Götaland County Swedish expatriate sportspeople in France Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Slovakia Swedish expatriate sportspeople in England Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in Slovakia Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in the United States Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in France Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in England Swedish expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
40204616	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315%20Primeira%20Liga	2014–15 Primeira Liga	The 2014–15 Primeira Liga (also known as Liga NOS for sponsorship reasons) was the 81st season of the Primeira Liga, the top professional league for Portuguese association football clubs. It began on 15 August 2014 and concluded on 23 May 2015. On 17 May 2015, Benfica won their second consecutive and 34th overall title. Events The league was scaled up to 18 teams, after the Court's rule to nullify Boavista's relegation from the Primeira Liga in the 2007–08 season. Boavista has been invited back in the Primeira Liga, after the club won a legal battle that eventually deemed their forced relegation five years ago unlawful. The club therefore went straight from the third level to the top league. The league was named Liga ZON Sagres until 2013–14 after the sponsorship agreement between Sagres, ZON (now NOS) and the league ended. The league is named Liga NOS since 5 February 2015. Teams Stadia and locations Personnel and sponsors Managerial changes Season summary League table Positions by round Results Season statistics Top scorers Hat-tricks Awards SJPF Player of the Month SJPF Young Player of the Month References External links Primeira Liga at UEFA.com Primeira Liga seasons Port 1
34138160	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley%20and%20Bailey%20Company%20Silk%20Mill	Ashley and Bailey Company Silk Mill	The Ashley and Bailey Company Silk Mill, also known as the Franklin Silk Mill and Leinhardt Brothers Furniture Warehouse, is an historic silk mill which is located in West York, York County, Pennsylvania. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1991 as an example of vernacular industrial architecture. Another Ashley and Bailey Silk Mill is located about eighteen miles east in Marietta, Pennsylvania. Built about two years before the West York mill, it was similarly constructed and has also been listed on the NRHP. History and architectural features Built circa 1899, this historic factory building is a three-story, brick structure that was erected atop a rough-cut stone foundation. It has a shallow gable roof, a three-story "L"-shaped tower, and a broad one-story ell. Also located on the property is a small, flat-roofed brick building that was built circa 1925. The mill closed in 1937. The building was used as a furniture warehouse into the 1980s. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1991 as an example of vernacular industrial architecture. Another Ashley and Bailey Silk Mill is located about eighteen miles east in Marietta, Pennsylvania. Built about two years before the West York mill, it was similarly constructed and has also been listed on the NRHP. References Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania Industrial buildings completed in 1899 Buildings and structures in York County, Pennsylvania Silk mills in the United States 1937 disestablishments in Pennsylvania 1899 establishments in Pennsylvania National Register of Historic Places in York County, Pennsylvania
22357990	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jef%20Delen	Jef Delen	Jef Delen (born 29 June 1976 in Bonheiden) is a former Belgian professional football player. He usually plays as left winger. Delen had been captain of Westerlo since the 2006-07 season. He is generally nicknamed "the Flemish Ryan Giggs". Honours Westerlo Belgian Cup: 2000-01 References External links Jef Delen player info at Sporza.be Player info at the official VC Westerlo website 1976 births Living people Belgian men's footballers Men's association football wingers K.V. Mechelen players K.V.C. Westerlo players Challenger Pro League players Belgian Pro League players People from Bonheiden Footballers from Antwerp Province
19302894	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo%20Vasconcelos	Eduardo Vasconcelos	Eduardo Vasconcelos (1896 in Oaxaca, Mexico – April 26, 1953) was Governor of Oaxaca from 1947 to 1950. As Governor of Oaxaca, he built schools, hospitals, and roads. He founded an art school that catered to indigenous arts (e.g. music, painting) and crafts (e.g. pottery, weaving, dying) to help assure the preservation of traditional culture. The Big Tree of Mexico by John Skeaping. 1953. Indiana University Press. 1953. In addition, he was also Secretary of Public Education in 1934 and Secretary of the Interior from 1932 to 1934. In 1872, his grandfather, Francisco Vasconcelos, was elected municipal president of the city of Oaxaca. References External links List of Secretaries of the Interior List of Mexican State Governors 1896 births 1953 deaths Governors of Oaxaca Mexican Secretaries of the Interior Mexican Secretaries of Education People from Oaxaca City
493054	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire%20of%20Buloke	Shire of Buloke	The Shire of Buloke is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the western part of the state. It covers an area of and, in August 2021, had a population of 6,201. It includes the towns of Birchip, Charlton, Donald, Sea Lake and Wycheproof. It was formed in 1995 from the amalgamation of the Shire of Wycheproof, Shire of Birchip, Shire of Charlton, Shire of Donald, and parts of the Shire of Kara Kara. The Shire is governed and administered by the Buloke Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the Council headquarters in Wycheproof, it also has service centres located in Birchip, Charlton, Donald and Sea Lake. The Shire is named after a major geographical feature in the region, Lake Buloke, which is located in the south of the LGA; the name also comes from the "buloke" or "bulloak" tree Allocasuarina luehmannii, which is common in the region. Within the Shire, agriculture, particularly grain production, is the predominant source of income and employment. Council Current composition The Council is composed of three wards and seven Councillors, with three Councillors elected to represent the Mount Jeffcott Ward and two Councillors per remaining ward elected to represent each of the other wards. Administration and governance The council meets in the council chambers at the council headquarters in the Wycheproof Municipal Offices, which is also the location of the council's administrative activities. It also provides customer services at its administrative centre in Wycheproof. Townships and localities The 2021 census, the shire had a population of 6,178 down from 6,201 in the 2016 census ^ - Territory divided with another LGA * - Not noted in 2016 Census # - Not noted in 2021 Census Traditional owners The traditional owners of this area are the Wotjobaluk, Jaadwa, Jadawadjali, Wergaia and Jupagalk and Dja Dja Wurrung. See also List of places on the Victorian Heritage Register in the Shire of Buloke References External links Buloke Shire Council official website Metlink local public transport map Link to Land Victoria interactive maps Local government areas of Victoria (state) Loddon Mallee (region) Mallee (Victoria) North Central Victoria
20487704	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre%20Kucheida	Jean-Pierre Kucheida	Jean-Pierre Kucheida (born 24 February 1943 in Liévin) is a member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the 12th constituency of the Pas-de-Calais département, and is a member of the Socialist Party which is affiliated to the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche parliamentary group. He is of Polish descent. References 1943 births Living people People from Liévin French people of Polish descent Socialist Party (France) politicians Politicians from Hauts-de-France Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
25039387	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiu%20%28river%29	Reiu (river)	The Reiu is a long river in southwest Estonia. Its source is Soka Lake in Latvia. It flows generally north. It is a left tributary of the Pärnu River into which it flows near the city of Pärnu. The basin area of Reiu is 917 km2 and average discharge 17.3 m³/s. References Rivers of Estonia Rivers of Latvia Landforms of Pärnu County International rivers of Europe
33584147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Gooch%20%28disambiguation%29	Henry Gooch (disambiguation)	Henry Gooch may refer to: Henry Gooch, British politician Sir Henry Daniel Gooch, 2nd Baronet (1841–1897) of the Gooch baronets Henry Mansfield Gooch, Mayor of Prahran, Australia
48584978	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20FIBA%20Europe%20Under-18%20Championship%20Division%20B	2013 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship Division B	The 2013 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship Division B was an international basketball competition held in Strumica, Macedonia in 2013. Final ranking 1. Montenegro 2. Poland 3. Belgium 4. Macedonia 5. Israel 6. Sweden 7. Estonia 8. Netherlands 9. Finland 10. Portugal 11. Germany 12. Belarus 13. Hungary 14. Norway 15. Switzerland 16. Romania 17. Denmark 18. Slovakia 19. Luxembourg 20. Austria 21. Georgia 22. Scotland Awards External links FIBA U18 European Championship Division B 2013–14 in European basketball 2013–14 in Republic of Macedonia basketball International youth basketball competitions hosted by North Macedonia
352790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji-Paran%C3%A1	Ji-Paraná	Ji-Paraná is the second most populous municipality in the Brazilian state of Rondônia, with a population of 130,009, and the 16th most populous city of the Brazilian North Region, the 210th most populous city of Brazil, and the 113th of the Brazilian interior. It has an area of 6,897 km2. The city is divided by the Ji-Paraná River. The city economy is industry and dairy production. The city was also the first of Rondônia State to invest in high technology of data transmission, when it connected, through a wireless network, the City Hall. The municipality name comes from tupi, meaning "great river of axes", through the junction of yî (axe) e paranã (sea, great river). It is a reference to the great amount of rocks in the river looking like indigenous axes. The municipality is also known as the Heart of Rondônia, due to the central city location and the existence of a heart shaped island, located in the confluence of the Machado and Urupá River. Located in central Rondônia, the city attracted many settlers from the 1970s onward. As a result of corruption, lawlessness and a general lack of regulation, Ji-Paraná has been at the centre of Rondônia's extreme deforestation, which today extends up to the border with Bolivia. The area between Ji-Paraná and Porto Velho, the regional capital 373 km away, is now largely deforested. The deforestation expands along smaller illegally built roads stemming from the BR-364 highway. The city is served by José Coleto Airport. The municipality contains part of the Jaru Biological Reserve, a fully protected conservation unit created in 1984. Jesualdo Pires Ferreira Junior is the city's current mayor, his term expires in 2016. References External links Prefeitura Municipal de Ji-Paraná (official page of Ji-Paraná) Cidade Ji-Paraná Municipalities in Rondônia
36476981	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touched%20By%20Evil	Touched By Evil	Touched By Evil is a 1997 television drama film directed by James A. Contner and starring Paula Abdul, Adrian Pasdar and Susan Ruttan. It aired on ABC, January 12, 1997 at 9/8c. The film marks the acting debut of American singer/choreographer Abdul. Plot Ellen Collier (Paula Abdul), a well-put-together businesswoman finds comfort and security in her relationship with her loving and supporting new boyfriend, auto detailer Jerry Braskin (Adrian Pasdar), after being savagely attacked by a serial rapist. But other rapes occur just when Ellen thought it was safe for her to slowly break free from her self-imposed shell, which eventually causes her to believe that Jerry is hiding a very dark secret. Eventually, Ellen is confronted with rock-solid evidence that her boyfriend Jerry is the very same man who raped her and she has to save herself before it's too late. Cast Paula Abdul as Ellen Collier Adrian Pasdar as Jerry Braskin Susan Ruttan as Madge Jaynes Charlayne Woodard as Det. Duvall Tracy Nelson as Clara Devlin Dale Wilson as Ronald Myers References External links 1997 television films 1997 films American drama television films Films directed by James A. Contner 1990s English-language films
1629488	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Age%20of%20Reform	The Age of Reform	The Age of Reform is a 1955 Pulitzer Prize-winning book by Richard Hofstadter. It is an American history, which traces events from the Populist Movement of the 1890s through the Progressive Era to the New Deal of the 1930s. The Age of Reform stands out from other historical material because Hofstadter's main purpose for writing is not to retell an extensive history of the three movements, but to analyze the common beliefs of the reform groups in our modern perspective to elucidate historical distortions, most notably between the New Deal and Progressivism. Contents Hofstadter organizes The Age Of Reform chronologically, beginning with Populism. The key concept he introduces is "the agrarian myth," the representation of the homage Americans have paid to the subsistence, innocent, and yeoman farmer of old. The myth became a stereotype since agriculture became more commercial and industrial. Populism's main cause for formation was the alleged loss of "free land." Many Populist leaders believed that industry and government had a vendetta to destroy the agricultural business. The last chapter on Populism explains the agricultural prosperity after the Populist revolt because city migration lessened competition that had caused farmers to organize for the first time. Hofstadter highlights the foibles in the Populist revolt. The first was its sectional appeal, rather than national. Also, he argues its leaders were incompetent and that there was a perennial lack of funds. However, the single most destructive weakness was lack of silver. By joining with the Democratic campaign of 1896 on silver, Populists lost political ground. Despite their dissolution, Populists were successful because they caused the passage of new laws, years later. The next major reform movement was Progressivism. The two groups of Populism and Progressivism shared many philosophies, but the latter was widely accepted because it was not seen by the majority as anarchically. The causes for Progressivism were the status revolution in the post-American Civil War era ("new money" supplanted "old money" prestige), the alienation of professionals, and the introduction of the Mugwump. The urban scene during the Progressive era, as argued by Hofstadter, provided little support for the Progressive movement because immigrants cared not for reforms but for democracy in general. Hofstadter provides evidence from numerous sources of the general nativism possessed by Progressives. As a corollary of the growing urban scene, aggressive newspaper reporters, named muckrakers, emerged. The Progressive journalists multiplied as new styles of magazines appeared. The last chapter focused on enemies of Progressives like trusts, unions, and political machines. Leaders expressed the need for entrepreneurship, individualism, and moral responsibility rather than organization. The final section stretches from Progressivism's end to the New Deal. Reformists have an interesting relationship with wars in that the aftermath of war is usually a time of conservatism, as was the case after World War I, which heralded the death of Progressivism. The New Deal was a culmination of both Populism and Progressivism; however, Hofstadter stresses that for the most part, the New Deal was a "new departure" and despite its continual association with Progressivism, it was quite dissimilar. The reason it was different is that the New Deal was born out of the Great Depression, not prosperity, as were Populism and Progressivism. The New Deal was concerned with not democratizing the economy but managing it to meet the problems of the people. The New Deal had no set plans of reform; it was a chaotic experiment. Old Progressive woes were ignored. Party bosses were left alone. The New Deal did not intercede between the public and big business because the public wanted economic restoration, not regulation. A major disparity between Progressivism and the New Deal was that the latter was not based on Protestant morality and responsibility but was more pragmatic. It did not use moral rhetoric to create changes but physically acted. Critics Some of Hofstadter's arguments have since been attacked by defenders of Populism. Historians, including Norman Pollack, C. Vann Woodward, and Lawrence Goodwyn. They argue that Hofstadter's misunderstandings include the fact that the Populists were not simply incipient capitalists trying to reform but instead forward-looking radicals, who sought a democratized industrial system and a transformation of social values in order to help the individual protect his humanity as his autonomy slipped away from him in a rapidly industrializing society. The Progressives, according to Robert H. Wiebe and others in the "modernization school" were made up not of status revolutionaries from the old guard or disaffected professionals but were in a new class of educated professionals who came of age in the new interconnected modernizing world. They not only understood how to navigate the new bureaucracy by creating symbiotic relationships between government, education, and business but also pressed through "reforms" that did away with the old "local" way of doing business by enacting civil service reforms replacing elected officials with appointed "experts." Notes References Brinkley, Alan. "Richard Hofstadter's The Age of Reform: A Reconsideration". Reviews in American History. Vol. 13, No. 3 (September 1985) pp. 462–480. Johnston, Robert D. "'The Age of Reform': A Defense of Richard Hofstadter Fifty Years On," Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 6#2 (2007), pp. 127-137 in JSTOR 1955 non-fiction books Pulitzer Prize for History-winning works History books about the United States Progressive Era in the United States Alfred A. Knopf books
56006021	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problems%20with%20economic%20models	Problems with economic models	Most economic models rest on a number of assumptions that are not entirely realistic. For example, agents are often assumed to have perfect information, and markets are often assumed to clear without friction. Or, the model may omit issues that are important to the question being considered, such as externalities. Any analysis of the results of an economic model must therefore consider the extent to which these results may be compromised by inaccuracies in these assumptions, and there is a growing literature debunking economics and economic models. Restrictive, unrealistic assumptions Probably unrealistic assumptions are pervasive in neoclassical economic theory (also called the "standard theory" or "neoclassical paradigm"), and those assumptions are inherited by simplified models for that theory. (Any model based on a flawed theory, cannot transcend the limitations of that theory.) Joseph Stiglitz' 2001 Nobel Prize lecture reviews his work on information asymmetries, which contrasts with the assumption, in standard models, of "perfect information". Stiglitz surveys many aspects of these faulty standard models, and the faulty policy implications and recommendations that arise from their unrealistic assumptions. Economic models can be such powerful tools in understanding some economic relationships that it is easy to ignore their limitations. One tangible example where the limits of economic models allegedly collided with reality, but were nevertheless accepted as "evidence" in public policy debates, involved models to simulate the effects of NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement. James Stanford published his examination of 10 of these models. The fundamental issue is circular reasoning: embedding one's assumptions as foundational "input" axioms in a model, then proceeding to "prove" that, indeed, the model's "output" supports the validity of those assumptions. Such a model is consistent with similar models that have adopted those same assumptions. But is it consistent with reality? As with any scientific theory, empirical validation is needed, if we are to have any confidence in its predictive ability. If those assumptions are, in fact, fundamental aspects of empirical reality, then the model's output will correctly describe reality (if it is properly "tuned", and if it is not missing any crucial assumptions). But if those assumptions are not valid for the particular aspect of reality one attempts to simulate, then it becomes a case of "GIGO" – Garbage In, Garbage Out". James Stanford outlines this issue for the specific Computable General Equilibrium ("CGE") models that were introduced as evidence into the public policy debate, by advocates for NAFTA. Despite the prominence of Stiglitz' 2001 Nobel prize lecture, the use of arguably misleading neoclassical models persisted in 2007, according to these authors: The working paper, "Debunking the Myths of Computable General Equilibrium Models", provides both a history, and a readable theoretical analysis of what CGE models are, and are not. In particular, despite their name, CGE models use neither the Walrass general equilibrium, nor the Arrow-Debreus General Equilibrium frameworks. Thus, CGE models are highly distorted simplifications of theoretical frameworks—collectively called "the neoclassical economic paradigm"—which—themselves—were largely discredited by Joseph Stiglitz. In the "Concluding Remarks" (p. 524) of his 2001 Nobel Prize lecture, Stiglitz examined why the neoclassical paradigm—and models based on it—persists, despite his publication, over a decade earlier, of some of his seminal results showing that Information Asymmetries invalidated core Assumptions of that paradigm and its models: In the aftermath of the 2007–2009 global economic meltdown, the profession's alleged attachment to unrealistic models is increasingly being questioned and criticized. After a weeklong workshop, one group of economists released a paper highly critical of their own profession's allegedly unethical use of unrealistic models. Their Abstract offers an indictment of fundamental practices. Omitted details A great danger inherent in the simplification required to fit the entire economy into a model is omitting critical elements. Some economists believe that making the model as simple as possible is an art form, but the details left out are often contentious. For instance: Market models often exclude externalities such as pollution. Such models are the basis for many environmentalist attacks on mainstream economists. It is said that if the social costs of externalities were included in the models their conclusions would be very different, and models are often accused of leaving out these terms because of economist's pro-free market bias. In turn, environmental economics has been accused of omitting key financial considerations from its models. For example, the returns to solar power investments are sometimes modelled without a discount factor, so that the present utility of solar energy delivered in a century's time is precisely equal to gas-power station energy today. Financial models can be oversimplified by relying on historically unprecedented arbitrage-free markets, probably underestimating the chance of crises, and under-pricing or under-planning for risk. It is possible that any missing variable as well as errors in values of included variables can lead to erroneous results. Model risk: There is a significant amount of model risk inherent in the current mathematical modeling approaches to economics that one must take into account when using them. A good economic theory should be built on sound economic principles tested on many free markets, and proven to be valid. However, empirical facts have been alleged to indicate that the principles of economics hold only under very limited conditions that are rarely met in real life, and there is no scientific testing methodology available to validate hypotheses. Decisions based on economic theories that are not scientifically possible to test can give people a false sense of precision, and that could be misleading, leading to build up logical errors. Natural economics: Economics is concerned with both 'normal' and 'abnormal' economic conditions. In an objective scientific study one is not restricted by the normality assumption in describing actual economies, as much empirical evidence shows that some "anomalous" behavior can persist for a long time in real markets e.g., in market "bubbles" and market "herding". References Economics models Economic methodology
38433068	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Committee%20of%20the%20Fourth%20International	International Committee of the Fourth International	The International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI) is the name of two Trotskyist internationals; one with sections named Socialist Equality Party which publishes the World Socialist Web Site, and another linked to the Workers Revolutionary Party in the UK. Foundation The International Committee originated as a public faction of the Fourth International. It was formed in 1953 by a number of national sections of the FI that disagreed with the course of the International Secretariat of the Fourth International led at that time by Michel Pablo (Raptis) and Ernest Mandel (Germain). The Committee was co-ordinated by the American section, the Socialist Workers Party, and included the British section led by Gerry Healy and Pierre Lambert's Internationalist Communist Party (PCI) in France. Trotskyist groups in various other countries, notably in Switzerland, China, Canada and Nahuel Moreno's group in Argentina, also joined. The grouping's founding statement was an open letter of the National Committee of the SWP which outlined the disputes it had with Pablo's faction within the International Secretariat of the Fourth International. It reiterated what it saw as the basic principles of Trotskyism and described the direction of the "Pabloite" faction as "revisionist", claiming that this threatened the survival of the Fourth International, the liquidation of the Trotskyist program and definite steps taken towards its organisational liquidation. As an example, the letter explained that Pablo expelled a majority of the French section of the International, because they disagreed with the International's policy of working within the Stalinist Communist Party of France. This policy was described as one of entrism sui generis, entryism of a special kind, in which the Trotskyists were to join the Stalinist or Socialist mass parties with a long term perspective of working within them. Some critics of the Open Letter counter that the SWP and their co-thinkers in The Club had failed to defend the French majority against Pablo, and that they had shared the 1951 perspectives of International on war-revolutions and the need for deep entryism in the Communist Parties. The Club's entryism into the Labour Party in Britain resembled entrism sui generis. However, Pablo aimed for the FI to implement entryism more deeply than the leaders of the ICFI felt wise: They were also concerned by Pablo preparedness to enforce entrism, if necessary by splitting sections or appointing new leadership teams. The Open Letter went on to explain that, in the SWP's view, what it described as Pabloite Revisionism was the result of a lack of confidence in the revolutionary capabilities of the working class and an impressionistic, overly positive, assessment of the strength and prospects of Stalinism. Pablo had, in 1951, argued that the transition between capitalism and socialism will probably take several centuries. The supporters of the Open Letter read this to suggest there would be "centuries of deformed workers states", and this phrase is often mistaken attributed to Pablo or to his formulation of what was called the war-revolution thesis. The ICFI saw this as an abandonment of the principles that Trotsky fought for since the rise of Hitler and the consequent establishment of the Fourth International. The founders of the ICFI wanted the International to maintain its organizational independence as the world party of the working-class, asserting that Pablo's policies would leave them an adjunct of the Stalinists. His faction's heavy-handed tactics of removing members who disagreed with his radical revisions made compromise appear impossible. An excerpt from the concluding part of the "Open Letter" reads: "To sum up: The lines of cleavage between Pablo’s revisionism and orthodox Trotskyism are so deep that no compromise is possible either politically or organizationally. The Pablo faction has demonstrated that it will not permit democratic decisions truly reflecting majority opinion to be reached. They demand complete submission to their criminal policy. They are determined to drive all orthodox Trotskyists out of the Fourth International or to muzzle and handcuff them." "Their scheme has been to inject their Stalinist conciliationism piecemeal and likewise in piecemeal fashion, get rid of those who come to see what is happening and raise objections." Linked below is a history of the founding of the ICFI and the "Open Letter". 1953–1963 In the eyes of the ICFI, Pabloite entryism sui generis meant liquidationism or a permanent dissolution into the Communist Party in every country. After the ICFI withdrew from the FI in 1953, many sections of the ISFI entered communist parties. However, it later became clear that the sections of the ISFI did not dissolve, or enter permanently. Nevertheless, the ISFI's political trajectory led its sections to mistakes as well as, in one case, participation in bourgeois governments when the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) entered the government of Ceylon and was expelled from the International. The ICFI sees similar pressures at work now: describing as "Pabloites" those former Trotskysists who today are enforcing IMF dictates in Brazil as members of the Lula government. Some sections of the ICFI have practiced temporary entryist policies, but continually emphasized to their membership that this was a short-term move. They maintained, however, the principle that only the Fourth International, as a consciously Marxist organization of the working class can lead the world revolution. The SWP, partly because of McCarthyism and politically repressive laws, found it hard to cooperate on a world scale in a democratic centralist International. The first conference could not take place until 1958, and the SWP officially only acted as observers at the event, being prevented from affiliating to the ICFI by US law. As early as the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, the leadership of the American SWP was beginning to show signs of convergence with the developing political line of the organisations grouped in the ISFI. The disappearance of the Socialist Union of America, the American affiliate of the ISFI, removed one such barrier to a political reunion. Ever greater agreement with regard to the Algerian War of Independence, and the Cuban Revolution of 1959 also brought the SWP and the ISFI closer together. Meanwhile, inside the ISFI, Pablo had lost much of his political influence, removing yet another barrier to reunification. In 1962, the ICFI and ISFI formed a Parity Committee to organise a World Congress of the two factions. ISFI and the leadership of SWP revised the basic Trotskyist principle that only a conscious Marxist leadership can ensure a successful socialist revolution. Instead they argued that "unconscious Trotskyists" would come to power in colonized countries as well as within the Stalinist bureaucracies. It was no longer necessary to build a mass Trotskyist party. Anyone who opposed these conceptions was silenced or expelled, breaking with the basic Leninist principle of inner-party democracy. In 1963 the SWP and the smaller Swiss, Canadian, Chinese and Latin American sections of the ICFI agreed to reunite with the ISFI at the World Congress, to form the United Secretariat of the Fourth International. This was immediately opposed by the Revolutionary Tendency of the SWP, and by the SLL in Britain and the PCI in France, as well as many orthodox Trotskyists throughout the world. Those currents still valued the political lessons learned from the 1953 split. They saw the SWP's decision as an abandonment of the most basic principles of the Fourth International, and of Trotskyism, and as an attempt to ingratiate itself to the growing middle class protest movement in the United States. The RT, SLL and PCI argued that the anti-war movement in the US contained the same types of people the Pabloites had sought to attract during the mass exodus of people from the Stalinist Parties after the revelations of Stalin's atrocities in the 1950s. They called this "opportunism" because it represented what they saw as a revision of Marxism for the sake of attracting new members from the radicalizing middle class. 1963–1971 Within the SWP, as well as within the rest of the ICFI, an opposition to the reunification came together. Some of the Latin American sections of the ICFI also left the ICFI to join the USFI, allowing the SWP and its allies to claim that a majority of the sections of the ICFI had joined the USFI. In the eyes of the ICFI, the Latin American sections had adopted Pabloism and were dependent on their connections to the SWP. Within the SWP, some members who had studied the meaning of the 1953 split opposed the reunification. These were gathered around Tim Wohlforth and James Robertson in the Revolutionary Tendency. They echoed the SWPs Open Letter, arguing that the leaders' turn to Pabloism coincided with the introduction of Stalinist ideas, followed by an expulsion of those members who exposed the leadership's lack of principles. The SWP had supported the Cuban Revolution led by Fidel Castro. However, Robertson's followers embarrassed Wohlforth and the SLL by suggesting that the SWP could not be saved. With Wohlforth laying the evidentiary basis for claims of "party disloyalty" the RT leaders were expelled from the party, forming Spartacist. Wohlforth now led a Reorganized Minority Tendency until the tiny group of 9 people was also expelled from the SWP early in the fall of 1964. Wohlforth and his associates went on to found the American Committee for the Fourth International, the official organ of which was a bimonthly mimeographed publication, the Bulletin of International Socialism, launched on September 24, 1964. When the Fourth International had split in 1953 the Lanka Sama Samaja Party of Sri Lanka (LSSP) refused to take any side and maintained contacts with both the ISFI and ICFI while arguing for a joint congress. After the ISFI criticised the LSSP's parliamentary tactics in 1960, the LSSP was the notable absence from the ISFI's 1961 World Congress. In 1964, the LSSP joined the bourgeois government of Sri Lanka, which the ICFI and USFI condemned as betraying Trotskyist principles. The ICFI and USFI no longer considered the LSSP a Trotskyist party at that point, and encouraged Sri Lankan Trotskyists to leave that party. Some time later a new organization, the Revolutionary Communist League was formed out of the left wing which split from the LSSP to form the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary). In 1966, a "third world conference" of the ICFI occurred in England. Delegates were present from the SLL, Lambert's PCI and Loukas Karliaftis’s Greek organisation, which had joined the IC in 1964. Michel Varga, a PCI member, represented the exile Hungarian League of Revolutionary Socialists, which he had founded in 1962. Two groups from the US sent delegates: that of Tim Wohlforth and that of James Robertson. Observers came from a group in French-speaking Africa, a small group in Germany later to form the Bund Sozialistischer Arbeiter, and individuals who had left USFI sections in Ceylon and Denmark. Non-voting observers came from Voix Ouvrière and a state capitalist tendency in Japan. One result of this Congress was the expulsion of the Spartacist tendency after the failure of Robertson to attend a conference session. Robertson said this was due to exhaustion; the IC argued that Roberton's alleged refusal to apologise reflected a rejection of communist methods, and he was asked to leave. The Spartacists would go on to form the International Spartacist Tendency. The ICFI now claims that the Sparticists were never interested in an agreement, and desired to go off in their own direction. If the Sparticists did not desire to break off into their own organization, the ICFI now argues, a misunderstanding at the conference could have been solved. The ICFI also says the Sparticists are nationalist in their orientation, refusing to be controlled by an international organization, as well as supporting politically affirmative action, black nationalism, Stalinist regimes and denying the existence of globalization. In the wake of the 1966 congress, pressures started to build between the SLL and PCI. The Congress did not attempt to present the ICFI as 'the Fourth International', rather it positioned the IC as a force that defended what it saw as the political continuity of Trotskyism and called for the 'rebuilding and reconstruction of the Fourth International'. The PCI came to feel that the SLL was ultimatistic, because the SLL argued that the programme of the IC had to be the basis for further revolutionary organisation. The PCI's differences were reflected in its openness to the Algerian MNA and the Bolivian POR. Early in 1967 the PCI changed its name to Organisation Communiste Internationaliste (OCI), a move that also suggested the OCI's greater modesty. By May 1967, the OCI argued that the IC was not functioning well, and that key decisions of the 1966 conferences "remained dead letters". It argued: "The SLL has had its own international activity, so has the OCI. Germany and Eastern Europe have remained the 'private hunting-grounds' of the OCI...". By the late 1960s all far left tendencies were growing and the ICFI was no exception. Increased membership, cheaper airflights and phone contact also allowed contacts to become more regular overseas. In this way the ICFI was able to grow in Sri Lanka. New sections appeared in Germany, in 1971, and Ireland. 1971–1985 The OCI and its supporters around the ICFI left the ICFI in 1971. This reflected growing differences, primarily over the OCI's support for the Partido Obrero Revolucionario (POR) and the SLL's emphasis on Marxist philosophy in the training of its newer members. Both the SLL and OCI were at this point developing connection to Trotskyists in other countries, but in different ways. The OCI had sought to bring the Bolivian POR into the ICFI. In addition to these groups the OCI was cultivating the exiled Hungarian League of Revolutionary Socialists (LRSH) led by Michel Varga, a former leader of the students during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and of the German Socialist Workers League (BSA). Moreover, the Argentine Workers' Policy group led by Jorge Altamira was close to the OCI. In general, the OCI rejected the strident point of view of the SLL important to educate the newer members on the philosophical underpinnings of Marxism. The OCI advocated a more measured approach. More importantly, differences over the actual development of the revolution, especially in Latin America forced the break between the OCI and SLL. Almost all of the ICFI in Latin America went to the new pro-OCI international tendency leaving the SLL supporters there with only a handful of members, notably in Bolivia and Peru. The SLL took the majority of the ICFI in Greece which went on to build a very influential organization in that country under the Colonels. The SLL claims, on the other hand were looking to bring newer forces into the ICFI that shared its approach: in the shape of the League for a Workers Republic in Ireland and the Revolutionary Communist League of Ceylon, in addition to the Workers League in the USA. The SLL fought to make dialectical materialism the cornerstone of its political approach. The contest between the two political lines could not last and in 1971 the OCI and its allies would leave the ICFI to form their own international tendency, which later became known as the Organising Committee for the Reconstruction of the Fourth International. In 1979 it fused with a grouping led by Nahuel Moreno. The ICFI later considered this a major tragedy, stemming from the relative inexperience of the majority of the members entering into revolutionary politics during a revolutionary upsurge of the international working class. The OCI and the OCRFI considered the ICFI to be an ossicifed political sect incapable of growing beyond their 'mother' section in the UK. The OCRFI in fact outpaced the ICFI in growth from then on. Some members of OCI continued to support the ICFI, however, which allowed the ICFI to regain a very small foothold in French politics. Some members of the SLL continued to support the OCI, later the PCI as it became known and set up the Socialist Labour Group in Britain, affiliated with the OCRFI and defending their positions. It was joined shortly afterward by the above-mentioned League for a Workers Republic in Ireland, further depleting the ICFI ranks. Delegates from eight countries attended the fourth world conference of the IC in April 1972. In conjunction with a massive growth in membership and preparations for what they believed would be "mass influence", the SLL renamed itself the Workers Revolutionary Party in 1974 and remained a part of the ICFI along with affiliated sections in Ireland, Greece, Germany, Spain, Australia, the USA, Ceylon and Peru. Security and the Fourth International In the middle of the 1970s, two leaders of the ICFI group in the United States, Workers' League, developed political differences with the majority: Tim Wohlforth and Nancy Fields, his partner. A number of political and organisational disputes unfolded, which the ICFI described as a series of disruptions and expulsions animated by Fields. It was brought to the attention of the Workers' League's Central Committee that Fields' uncle had worked for the CIA's computer division, and it criticized the fact that neither Fields nor Wohlforth had revealed that to the League. Fields and Wohlforth had denied that Fields had connections with state agencies. In August 1974, the League's central committee suspended Fields from membership and removed Wohlforth as national secretary pending a commission of inquiry, in a unanimous vote that included Wohlforth's. Both left the League and eventually joined the SWP for a few years. An investigation conducted by the Workers' League concluded that Fields did not have connections to the CIA and the two were requested to resume their membership. However, they refused. Wohlforth wrote an extended attack on the International Committee in Intercontinental Press. Intercontinental Press began a campaign denouncing the ICFI for the Wohlforth incident, with its editor Joseph Hansen writing that the concern over security indicated "paranoia" on the part of the IC's central leader, Gerry Healy. The ICFI thought this reaction was surprising, given the role that state infiltration had played in the Trotskyist movement, including in the assassination of Trotsky. In addition, this came only a few years after the revelations of the US government's Cointelpro program, in which the FBI illegally infiltrated many groups and political parties and conducted provocations against opponents of the war in Vietnam. From 1961 to 1976, fifty-five FBI informants held SWP offices or committee positions and fifty-one served on executive committees of the party. In May 1975, the sixth congress of the ICFI initiated a "Security and the Fourth International" investigation into "the circumstances surrounding the assassination of Leon Trotsky". By mid-1977, the Security campaign used publicly available government documents, and court testimony by Soviet agents tried in the United States, to allege that some leading figures of the American SWP, including a figure close to Leon Trotsky, were agents of the US or USSR governments. They noted that Joseph Hansen had met FBI agents numerous times over a number of months in 1940 to give them information about Stalinists in the US alleged to have participated in the assassination of Trotsky, and claimed that this was done without the knowledge of the Trotskyist movement. FBI documents describing these meetings were published by the Workers League. Hansen claimed that this contact had been agreed by the SWP's leadership. Felix Morrow, who had been an SWP leader in 1940, said in 1975 that he thought that the SWP would not have authorised Hansen's meetings. The ICFI concluded that the documents, along with FBI documents suggesting that Hansen had met with a recruiter for the Stalinist GPU two years before Trotsky's assassination, and his refusal to answer questions put, showed that Hansen was a government agent. The investigation intensified in 1978 after the decision by the SWP leadership to warn Alan Gelfand, a lawyer who had joined the SWP late in 1975, just after the start of the 'Security' Campaign. In 1977 and 1978 Gelfand asked questions concerning the Workers League's charges inside the SWP. In March 1978, Gelfand was warned by the local executive committee against publicly questioning the leadership of the SWP. Rather than attempt to answer Gelfand's concerns, the political committee considered the raising of these questions as a slander against Hansen, and warned Gelfand in April 1978 that he would be disciplined if he continued to seek answers. In December 1978, Gelfand took the US Government to court: his brief summarised the Workers League's charges and demanded that the US government name its informers in the SWP. The SWP expelled him the following month, leading Gelfand to take both the US Government and the SWP to court, arguing that since those expelling him were, in his opinion, agents of the US government, his civil liberties were being infringed upon by the US Government. The ICFI came to Gelfand's aid and, in the course of the trial, made many claims about US government infiltration into the SWP as part of CoIntelPro and earlier. The ICFI also wanted to investigate infiltration by the USSR, considering the resources that the Stalinists had devoted to infiltrating and physically destroying the Fourth International culminating in the murders of Erwin Wolfe in Spain, Lev Sedov in France, and Leon Trotsky in Mexico. It had been known that the murderer of Trotsky had been a boyfriend of one of his secretaries, who was introduced to her by a Stalinist agent in France. The investigation of the ICFI later revealed that Cannon's secretary, Sylvia Callen, had been a Stalinist informer working through the CPUSA, and had been formerly married to a KGB agent, a fact that was confirmed by Grand Jury testimony. (See External link to FBI file on Jack Soble, at bottom of this page.) The judge in the Gelfand case only released the grand jury testimony after the case had been closed. The ICFI's investigation into the SWP and defense of Alan Gelfand was opposed by almost all Trotskyist groups: no current outside the ICFI supported it. Most Trotskyist organisations joined forces to defend the SWP leadership, including the United Secretariat of the Fourth International, Pierre Lambert's OCI, Nahuel Moreno's PST, Robertson's Spartacist League, the Chinese RCP, Lutte Ouvrière, the Revolutionary Workers Party in Sri Lanka and the SWP united to brand it "a Shameless Frame-up". After the Workers' Revolutionary Party left the ICFI in 1985, WRP secretary Cliff Slaughter also repudiated the investigation. Both sides claimed that the other had no factual detail to support its charges: The ICFI argues that the defense of the SWP leadership, and the charge that the ICFI's campaign was a 'frame up,' are slanders against Workers' League without factual backing. Those who supported the SWP against the ICFI argued that it was a breach of socialist principals to bring the courts into the labour movement, (although the ICFI did not bring the courts in, a supporter of the ICFI who was in the SWP did) and that the ICFI's charge that the SWP was controlled by agents of the US and Soviet states to be groundless. 1985–present By the end of the 1970s, the revolutionary upsurge of the 1960s and 1970s had subsided. Membership of the ICFI fell, and the WRP leadership was not prepared. It entered into alliances with nationalist leaders in the under-developed countries. This aroused the consternation of some members throughout the ICFI. The WRP had gained members and prominence in Great Britain, but the leadership increasingly went its own way against the ICFI as a whole. This conflict erupted in the mid-1980s and ended with the disintegration of the WRP. The various currents of the WRP attempted to found their own ICFIs each claiming to be the official one, yet they did not break with their old policies systematically and won no new international support. They disintegrated, and , only two active ICFIs survives, one led by David North of what was then known as the Workers' League in the United States. North and his supporters gained the allegiance of half of the remaining national sections, with the Greek, Spanish and Peruvian sections splitting and the German, Australian, and Sri Lankan sections, as well as a fraternal grouping in Ecuador, supporting North. The other ICFI is based on the surviving group that still holds the name of WRP and refers to itself as the British section of an ICFI, with other sections in Russia/Ukraine, Sri Lanka and Greece. The Russian section is called the Workers Revolutionary League which is the Soviet section of the ICFI and has members in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. (Source 'Marxist Review' September 2008 Volume 23 Issue Number 8) Anticipating an outbreak of US militarism after the collapse of the USSR, the ICFI associated with the SEP prepared for a new radicalization of the working class. For this reason, its sections reorganised into Socialist Equality Parties throughout the world. After a year of internal discussion, in 1998 the ICFI launched the World Socialist Web Site. Current sections [SEP] Australia - Socialist Equality Party (Australia) Canada - Socialist Equality Party (Canada) France - Socialist Equality Party (France) Germany - Socialist Equality Party (Germany) Sri Lanka - Socialist Equality Party (Sri Lanka) Turkey - Socialist Equality Group [Sosyalist Eşitlik Grubu] (After its application to the ICFI was accepted, the group has announced in its statement it was officially forming as the Socialist Equality Party in Turkey) United Kingdom - Socialist Equality Party (UK) United States - Socialist Equality Party (United States) There are also groups working to build SEPs in other countries: Brazil - Socialist Equality Group Croatia - Socialist Equality Group India - ICFI / WSWS Supporters - India Ireland - Socialist Equality Group New Zealand - Socialist Equality Group Pakistan - Marxist Voice Romania - ICFI / WSWS Supporters - Romania Russia and Ukraine - Young Guard of the Bolshevik-Leninists in Russia Major publications "The Heritage We Defend", a review of the postwar history of the Fourth International, by David North. How the WRP Betrayed Trotskyism The ICFI Defends Trotskyism Trotskyism vs. Revisionism Volume 1: The Fight Against Pabloism In The Fourth International (1974) , this volume contains documents from the period leading up to the 1953 split in the Fourth International and includes James P Cannon's Open Letter. Trotskyism vs. Revisionism Volume 2: The Split In The Fourth International (1974) , this volume contains documents from the 1953 split in the Fourth International. Trotskyism vs. Revisionism Volume 3: The Socialist Workers Party's Road back to Pabloism (1974) , this volume contains documents from the struggle within the International Committee against the turn by the most of its sections towards reunification with the International Secretariat. Trotskyism vs. Revisionism Volume 4: The International Committee Against Liquidationism (1974) , this volume contains documents from the 1963 reunification of most of the ICFI with the United Secretariat. Trotskyism vs. Revisionism Volume 5: The Fight for the Continuity of the Fourth International (1975) , this volume contains documents from the 1966 World Congress of the ICFI. Trotskyism vs. Revisionism Volume 6: The Organisation Communiste Internationaliste Breaks with Trotskyism (1975) , this volume contains documents relating to the 1971 split by the French Organization Communiste Internationaliste (OCI) with the ICFI. Trotskyism vs. Revisionism Volume 7: The Fourth International and the Renegade Wohlforth (1984), this volume contains documents from the political struggle waged within the Workers League against Tim Wohlforth, who deserted his post as national secretary in 1973. Marxism, Opportunism and the Balkan Crisis: Statement of the International Committee of the Fourth International (1994) Globalization and the International Working Class: A Marxist Assessment (1998) , the ICFI analysis of the globalization of the world economy and its impact to the working class movement. See also Posadism References External links The 'Open Letter' to Trotskyists Throughout the World SWP resolution, 1953 For Early Reunification of the World Trotskyist Movement SWP resolution, 1963 David North, The Founding of the ICFI David North, About Cannon's Open Letter David North, The 1985 Split David North, The Workers' League becomes the Socialist Equality Party World Socialist Web Site Published by the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI) "Gelfand's Open Letter to the SWP leadership" Gelfand Case: A Legal History of the Exposure of US Government Agents in the Leadership of the Socialist Workers Party by Alan Gelfand (1985), Vol. 1 , Vol. 2 FBI file on Jack Soble, GPU agent References to GPU assassin Zborowski begin on page 17 (also at top of page 41); references to "SOFIE" (a.k.a. Sylvia Franklin) who acted as Trotsky's secretary in Coyoacán, begin near the bottom of page 27 to page 28, also on pages 49 to 50.
72166284	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20H.%20Morgan%20%28disambiguation%29	Charles H. Morgan (disambiguation)	Charles H. Morgan may refer to Charles Henry Morgan (1842–1912), American politician Charles Hale Morgan (1834–1875), American soldier of the Utah Expedition and the Civil War Charles Morgan (coach) (fl. 1938–1948), American football and basketball coach
18139881	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Broders	Roger Broders	Roger Broders (born Paris, France, 1883, died, Paris, 1953) was a French illustrator and artist. He was best known for his travel posters promoting tourism destinations in France, typically fashionable beaches of the Côte d'Azur and skiing resorts in the French Alps in the early 20th century. Broders' illustrations were distinctive for their simple lines and bold, flat areas of color, combined with noticeable graphical perspective showing the featured mountains and seascapes in the background. Broders' illustrations depicting people show active elongated figures wearing elegant, contemporary clothes. His posters were simply and boldly lettered identifying the destination, and were supplemented with a brief slogan. The Paris Lyon Mediteranée Company (PLM), a railway, commissioned Broders' poster art, sponsoring his travel so he could visit the subjects of his work. From 1922 to 1932, Broders fully dedicated himself to poster art, though overall he produced fewer than 100 posters. Lithographs of Broders' travel posters are still available commercially. See for instance Christie's London Ski Sale on 21 January 2010. Others are shown in the book about Railway Posters, published in Munich in 2011 and listed below. During the 1940s he illustrated four of the works of the German author Karl May which were published by Éditions Mame at Tours in France in French language. Literature Thierry Favre: Eisenbahnplakate - Railway Posters. Hirmer, München 2011, . Roger Broders: Travel Posters. Weill, Alain; Perry, Israel, New York 2002, . References 20th-century French painters 20th-century French male artists French male painters French illustrators 1953 deaths 1883 births
58639668	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%20Bloody%20Spies	12 Bloody Spies	12 Bloody Spies is the second compilation album by American rock band Chevelle. The album was released on October 26, 2018 by Epic Records. The album consists of B-sides, rarities, covers, and remixes recorded between 2003 and 2016. Background The single, "Sleep Walking Elite", a B-side from the Vena Sera sessions, was released on September 27, 2018. On September 28, the compilation album was announced. The album's second single, "In Debt to the Earth," was released on October 12. The song, "Until You're Reformed", a B-side from the Wonder What's Next sessions, was originally released in 2003 on Daredevil: The Album. "Fizgig," a B-side from the Sci-Fi Crimes sessions, was originally released on the band's greatest hits album Stray Arrows: A Collection of Favorites in 2012. Track listing Personnel Pete Loeffler – lead vocals, guitar Sam Loeffler – drums Dean Bernardini – bass, backing vocals Joe Loeffler – bass, backing vocals (tracks 5 and 9) Charts References 2018 compilation albums Chevelle (band) compilation albums B-side compilation albums Epic Records compilation albums
30608985	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toufoula	Toufoula	Toufoula is a Lebanese voluntary health organization dedicated to improve the quality of life of children suffering from cancer and blood diseases by designing and creating a unique and colorful environments aimed at offering a safe haven throughout their treatment. Toufoula was co-founded in 2006 by a group of young volunteers in Beirut, Lebanon. The word is Arabic () for "Childhood" and the organization mission is to improve the quality of life of children suffering from cancer or blood diseases. Dream Room Project Toufoula's main project is the "Dream Rooms" and its aim is to design a "dream floor" ward in all hospitals where children receive therapy. Dream Rooms aim at derailing the children from the arduous treatment and journey while hospitalized. To that end, Toufoula co-founders started this initiative by upbringing of the idea that was then extrapolated via the collaborative work with other architects and designers. Toufoula had a number of designs submitted namely by Bernard Khoury, Celia Arbid, Nadim Karam, Simone Kosremelli, Raed Abi Lameh, Karim Chaya, Nada Debs, Erga group: Randa and Elie Gebrayel, Jean Louis Mainguy, Karen Chikerjian, Michele Maria Chaya, Lina Ghotmeh, JWT, Zuhair Murad, Rabih Keyrouz, Gina Succar, Michele Stanjovsky, Jalal Mahmoud, Sary El Khazen and IB2 who contributed a lot for Toufoula by advertising for the concept of the Dream Room project by a slogan " No Color, No life " noticing that IB2 is an expansion unit of Impact BBDO. This project is to be implemented in all the hospitals that have oncology hematology wards all around Lebanon. It has been implemented in three major hospitals already since the year 2008: Hotel Dieu de France (HDF): 18 rooms, a playroom and a corridor were executed, their total cost was $195,983 granted from an individual donor. The ward in HDF is in memory of Myrna Baz. Rafik Hariri University Hospital: 4 rooms were executed, their total cost was $20,471 by donors such as Kockache, Procter and Gamble. Al Makassed Hospital: 8 rooms, they cost a total of $53,970 from donors such as HSBC, Roche, Novartis and individual funds. Currently, Notre Dame des Secours funded by the Choueiri family in the memory of M.Antoine Choueiry. Toufoula has set a goal, that by 2012 all pediatric oncology hospital rooms in Lebanon will be changed into dream rooms. The hospitals that admit cancer kids in Lebanon are: Rafik Hariri University Hospital, Saint George Hospital - Beirut, Jeitawi, Hotel Dieu, Rizk, Makassed, Notre Dame Des Secours Nini Tripoli and Hammoud Saida. Objectives Toufoula’s goals culminate in one main aim: to improve the quality of life of children suffering from cancer. Create public awareness about the needs of children with cancer. Provide financial assistance to these children and their families. Create the most appropriate treatment environment and facilities. Support all other organizations and individuals that share the same goal. Achievements Dream Room Project Copyright registered in the Lebanese Ministry. Best Costume Award by Beirut Marathon, 2007. Lebanese American University Recognition Award, 2008. A Certificate of Appreciation from the Rafik Hariri University Hospital, for Toufoula's participation in the world health day 2010 health fair entitled "My Country, My City, My Health". A certificate of appreciation from the Garden Show & Spring Festival to Toufoula for participating at the Garden Show & Spring Festival 2010. A certificate of appreciation from Prime Minister Mr. Ziad Baroud for Toufoula for implementing the dream rooms at Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, 2010. Beirut International Marathon Recognition Award for 2008. A certificate of appreciation from FIKR Conference 9 for Toufoula for coming up with a new bright idea the "Dream Rooms", 2010. Fundraising for patient treatment Toufoula most importantly raises money to help in the treatment of the sick children Events Toufoula depends on fundraising activities and sponsors for its event. To fulfill their objectives several events were done: BIEL: Toufoula organized a carnival which took place from April 28, 2006 until May 1, 2006 at BIEL. 11,000 visitors came over three days; 200 sick children from all over Lebanon, along with their siblings, attended the event; 500 volunteers from various schools and universities across Lebanon helped make this event possible. Marathon: Toufoula participated in the Beirut Marathon 2006 by wearing sewed butterfly wings (over 100) while running, winning Toufoula the Best costume for 2006’s Marathon. Garden Show: During the opening of Garden Show, Toufoula did a parade with school kids, a juggler and a magic show. FIKR Conference: hosted by President Michel Sleiman was held at Phoenicia Hotel on December 8–9. Toufoula is selected as the only NGO from all Arab world to present their work at the conference. Mr. Maxime Chaya represented Toufoula, along with other Toufoula members, and patients who are directly supported by Toufoula's mission. References Cancer organisations based in Lebanon 2006 establishments in Lebanon Organizations established in 2006
898465	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20media%20proprietors	List of media proprietors	A Israel Asper - CanWest, Canada B Jeff Bezos, Washington Post Conrad Black Martin Bouygues - TF1, Bouygues Silvio Berlusconi - Canale 5, Italia 1, Rete 4, Telecinco, Il Giornale, Panorama (Italian magazine) C Gustavo Cisneros - Venevisión D Richard Desmond - Northern & Shell, UK Felix Dennis, UK Barry Diller - USA Interactive, US E Michael Eisner - Walt Disney Company, US Charlie Ergen - Dish Network, US F Larry Flynt - Hustler, UK G David Geffen - DreamWorks Animation SKG Al Gore - current.tv H I J Steve Jobs - Pixar, US K Jeffrey Katzenberg - DreamWorks Animation SKG, US Leo Kirch - KirchMedia, Germany L M José Roberto Marinho - Globo, Brazil Roberto Irineu Marinho - Globo, Brazil João Roberto Marinho - Globo, Brazil Robert Maxwell - Maxwell Communications Corporation, UK Jean-Marie Messier - Vivendi Universal, France Javier Moll, Spain, Australia James Murdoch - British Sky Broadcasting, UK Rupert Murdoch - News Corporation, US, UK, Australia N O Tony O'Reilly, Independent News & Media, Ireland P Q R Sumner Redstone - Viacom, CBS Corporation, US S Patrick Soon-Shiong, Los Angeles Times & San Diego Tribunal Steven Spielberg - DreamWorks Animation SKG T Lisa Tolliver, US Ted Turner, US U V W Bob Weinstein - The Weinstein Company, US Harvey Weinstein - The Weinstein Company, US Joseph West - SuperQuotes.Us, US Oprah Winfrey, Harpo Productions X Y Z Media proprietors
62672637	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeineba%20Yimer	Zeineba Yimer	Zeineba Yimer (born 17 June 1998) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner. She represented Ethiopia at the 2019 African Games in Rabat, Morocco and won the silver medal in the women's 10,000 metres event. Career In 2017, Zeineba Yimer won the Great Ethiopian Run held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. She finished in fifth place at the 2018 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in Valencia, Spain. In the team event Yimer, Netsanet Gudeta and Meseret Belete won the gold medal with a combined time of 3:22:27. In 2020, she competed in the women's half marathon at the 2020 World Athletics Half Marathon Championships held in Gdynia, Poland. Yimer competed in the women's marathon at the delayed 2020 Tokyo Olympics. Achievements References External links Living people 1998 births Place of birth missing (living people) Ethiopian female long-distance runners African Games silver medalists for Ethiopia African Games medalists in athletics (track and field) Athletes (track and field) at the 2019 African Games Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes for Ethiopia Olympic female marathon runners 21st-century Ethiopian women 21st-century Ethiopian people
21321113	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912%20Allan%20Cup	1912 Allan Cup	The 1912 Allan Cup was the Canadian senior ice hockey championship for the 1911–12 season. The final challenge was hosted by the Winnipeg Victorias and Winnipeg, Manitoba. The 1912 playoff marked the 5th time the Allan Cup had a champion. Claude C. Robinson was named a trustee for the Allan Cup in Western Canada to oversee challenges for the trophy. The Ottawa New Edinburghs announced that the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) agreed to return the Allan Cup to its trustees, and that the New Edinburghs would travel to Winnipeg to challenge for the cup. Robinson was surprised by the announcement, and had expected to arrange exhibition games between the Winnipeg Victorias and the New Edinburghs. No challenge from the New Edinburghs was approved for 1912. The Victorias won the 1911–12 Manitoba Hockey League regular season, then defended the Allan Cup in three challenges. The Victorias defeated the Calgary Athletic Club by 11–0 and 8–6 scores in a two-game series, defeated Toronto Eaton's by 8–4 and 16–1 scores in a two-game series, and the Regina Capitals by a 9–3 score in a one-game challenge. In 1942, Robinson described the victory versus Toronto Eaton's as redemption for winning the trophy by default from the OHA. First challenge The Winnipeg Victorias received a challenge from the Calgary Athletic Club, Alberta champions. Played in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Winnipeg Victorias (Allan Cup holder) Calgary Athletic Club (Challenger) Results Winnipeg Victorias 11 - Calgary Athletic Club 0 Winnipeg Victorias 8 - Calgary Athletic Club 6 Winnipeg Victorias carries the Allan Cup, winning the series 19-goals-to-6. Second challenge The Winnipeg Victorias received a challenge from the Toronto Eaton's, Ontario champions. Played in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Winnipeg Victorias (Allan Cup holder) Toronto Eaton's (Challenger) Results Winnipeg Victorias 8 - Toronto Eatons 4 Winnipeg Victorias 16 - Toronto Eatons 1 Winnipeg Victorias carries the Allan Cup, winning the series 24-goals-to-5. Third challenge The Winnipeg Victorias received a challenge from the Regina Capitals, Saskatchewan champions. Played in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Winnipeg Victorias (Allan Cup holder) Regina Capitals (Challenger) Results Winnipeg Victorias 9 - Regina Capitals 3 Winnipeg Victorias carries the Allan Cup. With no more challengers accepted in time to play, the Victorias win the 1912 Allan Cup. References External links Allan Cup archives Allan Cup website Allan Cup Allan Cup Allan Cup 1912
28445432	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyerius	Meyerius	Meyerius is a genus of mites in the Phytoseiidae family. Species Meyerius agrostidis (van der Merwe, 1968) Meyerius chaetopus (van der Merwe, 1968) Meyerius citimus (van der Merwe, 1968) Meyerius collativus (van der Merwe, 1968) Meyerius convallis (van der Merwe, 1968) Meyerius egregius (van der Merwe, 1968) Meyerius fistella (Ueckermann & Loots, 1984) Meyerius heindrichi (Ueckermann & Loots, 1984) Meyerius immutatus (van der Merwe, 1968) Meyerius incisus (van der Merwe, 1968) Meyerius keetchi (Ueckermann & Loots, 1984) Meyerius latus (van der Merwe, 1968) Meyerius liliaceus (van der Merwe, 1968) Meyerius litus (Ueckermann & Loots, 1984) Meyerius maritimus (van der Merwe, 1968) Meyerius veretillum (van der Merwe, 1968) Meyerius zantedeschiae (van der Merwe, 1968) References Phytoseiidae
22050255	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidasoaldea	Bidasoaldea	Bidasoaldea (, ) is one of the eight eskualdeak or comarcas of Gipuzkoa, Basque Autonomous Community, corresponding to the basin of the lower Bidasoa extending in Gipuzkoan soil and named after the river, in Spain. The region comprises two municipalities, i.e. Hondarribia and Irun. This is the most easterly land strip of Gipuzkoa, bordering on the east with the region of Labourd (France), on the south with the Bortziriak (Navarre), on the west with Oarsoaldea and on the north with the Bay of Biscay. See also Bidasoa-Txingudi Bidasoaldea
63363837	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellwood%20Walter%2C%20No.%207	Ellwood Walter, No. 7	The Ellwood Walter, No. 7 was a 19th-century Sandy Hook pilot boat built in 1853 by Edward F. Williams at Greenpoint, Brooklyn to replace the pilot boat Yankee, which was lost in December 1852. The schooner was used to pilot vessels to and from the Port of New York. She was replaced by the Edmund Driggs, No. 7, in 1864. Construction and service In January 1853, the pilot boat Ellwood Walter was built by Edward F. Williams at Greenpoint, Brooklyn. On May 16, 1853, The pilot boat Elwood Walter, No. 7, belonging to the Merchant Pilot Association, went down the bay with a large party of guests on board. She went out as far as the Sandy Hook light and returned to the city. The schooner was named after Ellwood Walter, the President of the Mercantile Mutual Insurance Company. Walter had extensive experience and knowledge as an insurance underwriter. Her dimensions were 71.6 ft. in length on deck; 19.10 ft. breadth of beam; 7.6 ft. depth of hold; and 90-tons Tonnage. She was built to replace the pilot boat Yankee, which was lost in December 1852. She was owned by the following pilots: Captain John McRee, William J. Murphy, Augustus H. Murphy, Charles W. Hawthorne, Thomas Orr, and Joseph Henderson. Several Sandy Hook pilots received their pilot license sailing on the Elwood Walter. Captain Joseph Henderson received his license as a Branch Pilot on the Elwood Walter on September 13, 1853, from the Board of Commissioners of Pilots. He was a commander of the Elwood Walter throughout his training. On January 21, 1857, the Elwood Walter, No. 7 was reported "AT STATEN ISLAND IN THE ICE." The report describes the bad weather conditions a day after a major storm. It lists the owners of the Elwood Walter, and says "this boat is also hard and fast at Staten Island." On August 3, 1855, a pilot from the Elwood Walter, No. 7, boarded the steamship J. Jones, from Cardiff, Wales and was headed for New York. The Elwood Walter, No. 7 was listed as one of only twenty-one New York and New Jersey pilot-boats in 1860. She was listed as one of these early American pilot boats. On March 15, 1860, the Ellwood Walter, No. 7, helped take the officers and crew off the ship Wabamo, in the New York harbor, when it caught fire while going down the bay outside Sandy Hook. The New York Daily Tribune ran a story that read: "BURNING OF THE SHIP WABAMO IN NEW YORK HARBOR – In New York, this day, the ship Wabamo, Captain Doty bound from New York for Antwerp caught fire about noon, while going down the bay, and burned to the water's edge. The flumes spread with such rapidity as to defy every effort to subdue them. The officers and crew were taken off by the pilot boat Elwood Walter, saving little more than the clothing on their backs. The ship was built in Wiscasset, Maine, in 1854, and owned by Messrs. Layton & Hurlbut Co., and was valued at $32,000. Her loss is covered by insurance. She had an assorted cargo of merchandise valued at $70,000 which was insured for $54,457." On October 10, 1860, New York Sandy Hook Pilot Augustus H. Murphy, of the pilot boat Ellwood Walter, No. 7, signed a statement along with other pilots, that they were satisfied with the representation they have received from the New York Board of Commissioners of Pilots. Other reports of the Ellwood Walter were reported from 1861 to 1863 by the New York Times. End of service New York pilot-boat Edmund Driggs, No. 7, was launched from the shipyard of E. F. Williams, at Greenpoint, Brooklyn on 27 February 1864, as a replacement for the Elwood Walter No. 7. See also List of Northeastern U. S. Pilot Boats References Schooners Pilot boats Service vessels of the United States 1853 ships Ships built in Brooklyn
66847018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazing%20Hotels%3A%20Life%20Beyond%20the%20Lobby	Amazing Hotels: Life Beyond the Lobby	Amazing Hotels: Life Beyond the Lobby is a British BBC documentary television series, presented by the journalist Giles Coren and the chef Monica Galetti, and started in 2017. Each programme in the series is based on a luxury hotel. The presenters take a hands-on approach, investigating the running of the hotel, hence the subtitle of the series. The programmes are shown on BBC Two. The fourth series ran in 2021. On 31 October 2022, the BBC announced that Rob Rinder will be the series' new co-presenter replacing Giles Coren who left after series four. Featured hotels Featured hotels include the following: Series 1 (2017) Marina Bay Sands, Singapore Mashpi Lodge, Ecuador Giraffe Manor, Kenya Royal Mansour, Marrakesh, Morocco Fogo Island Inn, Fogo Island, Canada ICEHOTEL, Sweden Series 2 (2018) The Brando Resort, French Polynesia Anantara Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Oman Grand Resort Bad Ragaz, Switzerland Ashford Castle, Ireland The Silo, South Africa Hacienda Vira Vira, Chile St Moritz, Switzerland Series 3 (2021) MGM Cotai, Macau The Torridon, Scotland, United Kingdom Schloss Elmau, Germany Jade Mountain, St Lucia Swinton Estate, Yorkshire, United Kingdom Shangri-La, The Shard, London, United Kingdom Series 4 (2021–22) ION Adventure Hotel, Iceland Reid's Palace, Madeira Grand Park Rovinj, Croatia Nimb Hotel, Copenhagen, Denmark Qasr Al Sarab Desert Resort, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates The Lanesborough, London, England, United Kingdom Series 5 (2023) Kasbah Tamadot, Morocco Joali Maldives, Maldives Nusfjord Arctic Resort, Norway Ceylon Tea Trails, Sri Lanka Phinda Game Reserve, South Africa References External links Amazing Hotels: Life Beyond the Lobby from the BBC 2017 British television series debuts 2010s British documentary television series 2020s British documentary television series BBC television documentaries Amazing Hotels Life Beyond the Lobby
22446410	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988%20United%20States%20Senate%20election%20in%20Washington	1988 United States Senate election in Washington	The 1988 United States Senate election in Washington was held on November 8, 1988. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Daniel J. Evans decided to retire instead of running for re-election to a full term, after being appointed to the seat in 1983, and won election to a partial term that same year. Republican former U.S. Senator Slade Gorton, who had just lost a re-election bid in 1986, won the open seat. As of , this is the last time Washington simultaneously voted for different parties for President and for Senate, as Michael Dukakis was simultaneously carrying the state against George H. W. Bush. Blanket primary Candidates Democratic Mike Lowry, U.S. Representative of the 7th congressional district (1979–1989) Don Bonker, U.S. Representative of the 3rd congressional district (1975–1989) Republican Slade Gorton, former U.S. Senator (1981–1987) Douglas J. Smith Third-party William C. Goodloe (Washington Taxpayer), judge and lawyer Daniel B. Fein (Socialist Workers Party) Results General election Candidates Mike Lowry (D), U.S. Congressman of the 7th congressional district (1979–1989) Slade Gorton (R), former U.S. Senator (1981–1987) Results See also 1988 United States presidential election in Washington (state) 1988 United States Senate elections References Washington 1988 1988 Washington (state) elections
4274565	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austreim	Austreim	Austreim is a village in the municipality of Høyanger in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the north shore of the Sognefjorden, about southwest of the municipal center of Høyanger, about east of the village of Kyrkjebø, and about southeast of the village of Vadheim where there is access to the European route E39 highway. The village has a population (2019) of 376 and a population density of . The village of Austreim was the site of a medieval stave church that was first mentioned in historical records in 1308. The church was torn down in the 1600s and a new church was built about to the west in Kyrkjebø where the present Kyrkjebø Church is located. A memorial stone was erected in 1991 to mark the site of the historic church. References Villages in Vestland Høyanger
2016383	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave%20Gingras	Gustave Gingras	Gustave Gingras (January 18, 1918 – May 9, 1996) was a Canadian physician and founder of the Montreal Institute of Rehabilitation in 1949. Born in Montreal, Quebec, he studied medicine at the Université de Montréal following the completion of his BA at College Bourget in Rigaud, Quebec. In 1942, he joined the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps and served overseas during World War II. There, he studied neurosurgery as an intern at the Canadian Neurosurgical and Plastic Surgery Hospital in Basingstoke, England. Upon his return to Canada, he was inspired by Wilder Penfield, a neurosurgeon in Montreal, to focus on helping paraplegic and quadriplegic veterans of the war. As an expert in rehabilitation of the disabled, he served as a consultant to the World Health Organization, the United Nations, the Canadian Red Cross and the Canadian International Development Agency. He was president of the Canadian Medical Association from 1972 to 1973. He was Chancellor of the University of Prince Edward Island from 1974 to 1982. Honours In 1967, he received an honorary doctorate from Sir George Williams University, which later became Concordia University. In 1967, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 1972, he was promoted to Companion of the Order of Canada. In 1998, he was inducted into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame. Knight of the Venerable Order of Saint John. Books Gustave Gingras: Combats pour la Survie. Paris: Robert Laffont / Opera mundi, 1975. Gustave Gingras: Feet Was I to the Lame. Translated by Joan Chapman. London: Souvenir Press, 1977. References Famous Canadian Physicians: Dr. Gustave Gingras at Library and Archives Canada External links Gustave Gingras at The Canadian Encyclopedia 1918 births 1996 deaths Canadian neurosurgeons Canadian university and college chancellors Companions of the Order of Canada Physicians from Montreal Physicians from Prince Edward Island 20th-century surgeons Canadian military personnel of World War II
17956583	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall%20Mountain%20Regional%20High%20School	Fall Mountain Regional High School	Fall Mountain Regional High School is a small high school located in Langdon, New Hampshire, in the United States. The school, part of School Administrative Unit 60 in New Hampshire, serves the towns of Langdon, Acworth, Alstead, Charlestown, and Walpole. Formation and opening The Fall Mountain Regional School Board was created in 1964 with the goal of opening a cooperative high school from the local towns. In September 1964, the Board engaged the architectural firm of Haines, Leineck & Smith from Lowell, Massachusetts to design preliminary plans for the new high school. An award to R.E. Bean Company of Keene, New Hampshire to build the new school for $1,075,887 was announced in August 1965. The school opened in September 1966.Milliken, Joe (20 April 2022). Fall Mountain Regional High School launches official Alumni Association, Vermont Journal The student body was created by combining the students of Walpole High School, North Walpole, Charlestown, and Alstead (the former Vilas High School). This creation of a consolidated high school was part of the nationwide trend of school consolidation in the United States at this time. For example, the last graduating class of Vilas High School in 1966, one of the schools which merged into Fall Mountain Regional, was only 20 students. JROTC The JROTC at the school which was founded in 1996 has competed at a national level, participating in the national championship competition in 2021. Dutch photographer Ellen Kok spent two years documenting the school's group activities after seeing them at a parade in 2010.Teicher, Jordan G. (9 October 2015). Everyday life as a JROTC cadet, The Washington PostRooney, Jack. (8 June 2021). Fall Mountain JROTC team to compete in national championship, The Keene SentinelMosley, John. JROTC in the North Country, Upstate NH, Retrieved 28 September 2022 She published a book called "Cadets" from her work.Olson, Nancy A. (9 October 2015). Brattleboro's Lilac Ridge Farm featured in new book, Brattleboro Reformer 2020 Referendum In 2020, Charlestown, which makes up 41 percent of the high school student body, considered withdrawing from the school. The fact that Charlestown pays a higher school tax rate fueled the issue. While a study committee had recommended withdrawal, the proposal would have increased costs in Charleston and the other towns. A voter referendum on the proposal was strongly rejected, including in Charlestown itself.(11 March 2020). Fall Mountain soundly rejects Charlestown withdrawal, The Keene Sentinel References External links Schools in Sullivan County, New Hampshire Public high schools in New Hampshire Langdon, New Hampshire
926595	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose-painting	Rose-painting	Rose-painting, , or is a Scandinavian decorative folk painting that flourished from the 1700s to the mid-1800s, particularly in Norway. In Sweden, rose-painting began to be called , c. 1901, for the region where it had been most popular and (kurbits), in the 1920s, for a characteristic trait, but in Norway the old name still predominates beside terms for local variants. Rose-painting was used to decorate church walls and ceilings. It then spread to wooden items commonly used in daily life, such as ale bowls, stools, chairs, cupboards, boxes, and trunks. Using stylized ornamentation made up of fantasy flowers, scrollwork, fine line work, flowing patterns and sometimes geometric elements give rose-painting its unique feel. Some paintings may include landscapes and architectural elements. Rose-painting also utilizes other decorative painting techniques such as glazing, spattering, marbleizing, manipulating the paint with the fingers or other objects. Regional styles of rose-painting developed, and some varied only slightly from others, while others may be noticeably distinct. Etymology and terminology The term derives from , applied decoration or embellishment, decorative, decorated [, , , ] and , to paint. The first element can also be interpreted as a reference to the rose flower, but the floral elements are often so stylized that no specific flower is identifiable, and are absent in some designs. In Sweden the style was traditionally called rosmålning, with cupboard decorations said to be utkrusat i rosmålning or krusmålning. In the 20th century the terms or and came into common use. Dalamålning refers to Dalarna, with which the style is particularly associated; the term appeared around 1901. Kurbits originally derived from the Latin Cucurbita, and refers to a long-bodied gourd. The poet Erik Axel Karlfeldt, who wrote about the painted wall hangings of Dalarna, popularized the term in the 1920s, particularly in his 1927 poem "Kurbitsmålning". History in Norway Rosemaling in Norway originated in the lowland and rural areas of eastern Norway, particularly in the Telemark, Valdres, Hallingdal, Numedal, Setesdal, Gudbrandsdalen, and in other valleys in Vest-Agder, Hordaland, Sogn og Fjordane, and Rogaland. It came into existence in the early 1700s, when Baroque and Rococo artistic styles of the upper class were introduced into Norway's rural culture. Since no rose-paintings can be traced back before this time, there is an indication that folk traditions within Norway went through a period of change and evolution. Once developed, regional styles of rosemaling began to emerge. Some varied only slightly from others, while others were noticeably distinct. In the middle of the 18th century, more and more individuals became painters and carvers. Due to this, rosemaling styles boomed to included even more unique forms. Rose-painters also began to initial their work as a way to identify the pieces they created. Through this, historians have been more easily able to gauge how many pieces certain artists have done, and even identify dynasties of painters through family relation. Rosemaling's popularity, however, declined by the mid-19th century. Rosemaling designs use "C" and "S" shaped brushstrokes that feature scroll and flowing lines, floral designs, and both subtle and vibrant colors. Script lettering, scenes, animal and human figures may also be included. For instance, when Norway was still ruled by the Danes, some artists would create rose-paintings of the Danish King and Queen or of Danish warriors. Artists who specialized in rosemaling often came from poorer classes in the countryside. They would travel from county to county painting churches, homes and furnishings for a commission of either money or merely room and board. Thus rosemaling was carried over the mountains and toward Norway's western coast. Once farther away from the influence of the painters' guild, these artists tried new ideas and motifs. Rosemaling became widespread as amateur artists in rural areas often imitated this folk art. Soon, strong regional styles developed, and today the three main styles are Telemark, Hallingdal and Rogaland, named after the regions in which each originated. Rosemaling is, in a sense, the two-dimensional counterpart of acanthus carving, since it is clear that the C and S curves in rosemaling take their inspiration from the acanthus carvings of Baroque and Rococo art and the acanthus carvings in the rural churches (for example the altar reredoses and pulpits) and homes (for example cupboards) were painted in the same bright colors as used in rosemaling. While in the cities these acanthus carvings were generally gilded, the rural artisans did not have ready access to gold leaf as their urban counterparts and so painted their carvings in the bright colors whose popularity in rural communities is seen also in the traditional Norwegian rural dress, the bunad. Like rosemaling, acanthus carving has had a cultural revival in recent times as both a means of interior design (for example, on furniture, picture frames, and door and window frames) and as a personal hobby, although most modern acanthus carving is left unpainted and unvarnished. An anecdote about the Nazi occupation of Norway (1940–1945) is that at a time when the public display of the Norwegian flag or the State Coat of Arms could bring imprisonment or even death, the Norwegians discovered that they could display the 'H' overlapping the '7' of the Royal cypher of their exiled king, Haakon VII, at the center of a rosemaling design without the German occupation forces seeing anything but a colorful peasant design. Christmas cards with the Royal cypher at the center of a rosemaling design were especially popular; many have survived and their history documented. Currently, this specific type of folk art is becoming popularized in a more mobile way. Back in the 1700s when the first piece of rose-painting was done in Norway, it was only visible in remote locations such as inside homes and churches. Now, however, rose-painting is being executed on bowls, vases, plates, chests, jewelry boxes, and a multitude of furniture items. This expansion in rose-painting has not only allowed it to remain popular, but it has given it the ability to do more than just be seen in museums such as the Norwegian Folk Museum. Many shops in Norwegian tourist cities sell various unique rose-painted items from local at-home artists. They are a must see by not only tourists, but the overall citizens of the cities. At a shop, rose-painted items can be sold for quite an income due to the fact that these items are made the traditional way (hand-painted) rather than industrially processed. Each item is carefully crafted and unique. The process behind these items is quite extensive and can take time. For instance, wood items begin with first applying special oil-based paint or wood stain. This color normally tends to be a deeper blue or red, dusty pink, white, black, or even brown. When the rose-painting is complete, it will be sold based on its intricacy and size of design. Something as simple as a large bread tray can be sold for as much as 240 dollars. In terms of the design of current rose-paintings, it holds much similarities to past rose-paintings in Norway. Since rosemaling in Norway simply means "decorative painting," there are still many other designs besides floral or rose depictions. It can involve agricultural landscapes, scenes from historical events, life in the rural or countryside areas, and more. Some even are known for depicting scenes from children's stories or fairytales. One of the most commonly rose-painted children's story is "Little Red Riding Hood." Furthermore, more and more styles have since emerged after the most famous Telemark, Hallingdal, and Rogaland styles. While shops and museums will most likely contain rose-paintings from all areas of Norway, rose-painting is currently most prominent in the southern parts of Norway. In specific, the regions Telemark and Hallingdal are booming with this folk art. Regardless of being most popular in the southern region of Norway, however, the rose-paintings still do vary quite decently from city to city. This is why the styles have always been regionalized and regionally named. For instance, Telemark tends to produce rose-painting with a more exaggerated and ornate style. It follows an 18th-century French influence and inspiration. Hallingdal, on the other hand, produces its own style of work. These artists, unlike many others, tend to prefer selling their work privately rather than within shops. Overall, rose-painting in Norway is something that has become partially industrialized. Individuals can buy rose-painted items from commercial stores and industries for a cheaper price. Industrialized rose-painting started back when the interiors of homes began to become more modernized. Certain items, such as the invention of chimneys, made Norwegians feel the need to decorate more parts of their home. This led to the expansion of rose-paintings and an industrialized version that was more accessible and economically affordable for everyday citizens. However, that is also why individuals who buy rose-painted items from tourist shops and private artists must be willing to pay a higher price; they are buying a traditionally made item. These hand-crafted goods are just as important as the industrialized goods because they help to maintain the Norwegian culture of rosemaling and keep it from fully disappearing. Norwegians view rosemaling as a way to keep a shared identity and culture among their entire nation. This is why certain places to this day, such has the Nordic Museum and Chicago Public Library, display a multitude of rose-paintings. History in Sweden In Sweden, it is a style of painting featuring light brush strokes and depictions of gourds, leaves, and flowers, used especially in the decoration of furniture and wall hangings, and was adopted by both artists and artisans in rural Sweden, reaching its greatest popularity in the latter half of the 18th century. While rose painting was popular among the entire nation, lots of times the houses of more wealthy individuals had more rose paintings as they were able to afford more decorations. In addition, the major popularity of rose painting in Sweden occurred before the industrialization period. After industrialization, it did not disappear due to the fact that the art created during this period was recognized as a major part of Sweden's folk culture and heritage. The tradition of painted wall hangings in this style was fully developed around 1820. The paintings were done by itinerant painters, most from Dalarna, whose signatures can be found in many localities. The artists learned it as a trade or handicraft from one another, and copied each other's works; some pieces have been found copied more than 140 times. Artists also used stamps to create small details in patterns. Those from the Rättvik school of art were more likely to add spontaneous leaves and flowers, breaking up the symmetry of their pieces. Many of the paintings also included a zig-zag pattern at the bottom of the painting, called ullvibården after the village of . Scenes were based on Bible illustrations, with people and buildings rendered in the then current styles. The gourds reference a Biblical legend about Jonah sitting beneath a gourd; the gourd symbolizes vegetal fertility. The most common themes of kurbit art are the wedding at Cana, Jonah preaching, the entry of the Queen of Sheba, the three wise men, Jesus riding into Jerusalem, the story of Joseph, the ten virgins, the crowning of Salomon, and the vineyard. The style is widely found in the regions of Dalarna and southern Norrland, and today kurbits can refer to the painting of furniture, tapestry, Dala horses, or Swedish folk painting as a general concept. On the Dala horse, a gourd is used to indicate the saddle. Kurbits artists include Winter Carl Hansson of Yttermo and Back Olof Andersson, who painted in 1790–1810. The kurbits style was used in the candidate city logo of the Stockholm-Åre bid for the 2026 Winter Olympics, forming the year "2026". History in America Norwegian immigrants brought the art of rosemaling to the United States. Immigration from Norway to America first began in the 1830s. It is not surprising this specific form of folk art was brought to America by Norwegian immigrants since it was not just used for decoration and aesthetic purposes in Norway, but also for self-definition. Rosemaling was a way for Norwegian-Americans to keep a hold of some of their heritage. During this time period of immigration, immigrants did just that, and they maintained a strong ethnic identity both privately and publicly. They might have specific traditions within in their homes, participate in ethnic festivals, and more. Rose paintings were often displayed in theses festivals. In addition, lots of immigrants traveling from Norway to the Midwest regions of America would actually create rose paintings in churches on their travel to make some money. These rose paintings done by travelers helped expand the variation of styles among rose paintings. The art form experienced a revival in the 20th century as Norwegian-Americans became interested in the rosemaling-decorated possessions of their ancestors. Rosemaling artists whose work was recognized by newspapers and magazines allowed the art form to be further recognized and grow. One prominent rosemaling artist Per Lysne, who was born in Norway and emigrated to Wisconsin, was trained in the craft. Lysne is often considered the father of rosemaling in the U.S. As the revival continued on, it reached its peak in the 1960s to the 1980s. In the late 1960s, Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum in Decorah, Iowa began to exhibit rosemaling. The museum then began bringing Norwegian rosemalers to the U.S. to hold classes. The style's popularity boomed in the U.S., even among non-Norwegians. Other classes can be found throughout the country, especially in areas where Norwegians settled. The Swedish settlement of Lindsborg, Kansas is known for Dala horses among other celebrations of its heritage. Currently, rose painting is still most common in the Upper Midwest. This is due to the fact that when Norwegians most heavily migrated between the 1840s and 1910s, they ended up living in the Upper Midwest. In addition, the Norwegian-American Museum is still offering workshops on rosemaling. Besides workshops, rosemaling can also be taught through books, classes, and heritage centers. This is very valuable as it offers more ways for Norwegian-Americans (and other Americans) to pass on rosemaling skills and traditions to future generations. To this day, there is now a decent amount of Norwegian-Americans from the Upper Midwest who have taken on rose painting, causing some of their styles to be considered "Americanized." Rather than being seen as a piece of Norwegian heritage, it is seen as a piece of Upper Midwest communities. Some rosemaling styles have been "Americanized" beginning between 1930 and 1960. Compared to traditional styles, often they included brighter colors, special ornamental details, and more. Dane County, Wisconsin, which developed a style known as American Rogaland and American Telemark style found in Milan, Minnesota. Styles There are many different styles of rosemaling. Typically, each style is named after the region it is most commonly used in. To begin, the first style that has gained major popularity is the Telemark style. This style is extremely popular in Norway, and it is very impromptu. It normally involves a root center that has floral depictions or branches swirling out from it. Within the Telemark style, there are also two other styles. The transparent Telemark, which has light enough brush strokes to almost be seen through, and the American Telemark, which is a combination of both the regular Telemark style and the transparent Telemark style. Another popular style in Norway is Hallingdal. Hallingdal is different from Telemark in that the paint is often less translucent and more bold in color. In addition, it has much more symmetry and pattern to it. In addition to these, the Rogaland style also has some popularity. This style consists of more floral images than lines or scrolls. It often will have a darker background with a central flower surrounded by leaves and other decorations. While those three forms are popular, there still are other forms as well. For instance, another style is the Valdres style. The Valdres style is one that has some of the most realistic looking floral designs. Gallery References Further reading Nils Georg Brekke, "Dalmålningarna som rosmålning: Ikonologiske studier i eit jamførande perspektiv", in: Nils-Arvid Bringéus and Margareta Tellenbach, eds., Dalmålningar i jämförande perspektiv: föreläsningar vid bildsymposiet i Falun och Leksand den 13-16 september 1992, Falun: Dalarnas Museum, 1995 Diane Edwards, Design Basics for Telemark Rosemaling, self-published, Alamosa, Colorado, 1994, Sybil Edwards, Decorative Folk Art: Exciting Techniques to Transform Everyday Objects, London: David & Charles, 1994, Margaret M. Miller and Sigmund Aarseth, Norwegian Rosemaling: Decorative Painting on Wood, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974, Gayle M. Oram, Rosemaling Styles and Study, Volume 2, Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum, 2001 Harriet Romnes, Rosemaling: An Inspired Norwegian Folk Art, self-published, Madison, Wisconsin, 1951, repr. 1970 External links Folk art Norwegian culture Norwegian migration to North America Norwegian-American culture Painting techniques 18th century in Sweden 19th century in Sweden Dalarna Swedish art
10323402	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krailling	Krailling	Krailling is a municipality in the district of Starnberg in Bavaria, Germany. Notable residents The folk actor Gustl Bayrhammer (1922-1993) died in Krailling and was buried there. The sculptor Rudolf Belling (1886-1972) lived and died in Krailling. The architect Martin Dülfer (1859-1942) lived in Krailling. The baritone Hermann Prey (1929-1998) lived in Krailling, died here and was buried in the Kraillinger cemetery. References Starnberg (district)
39499964	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyllopodini	Cyllopodini	Cyllopodini is a tribe of the geometer moth family (Geometridae), with about 68 species in 7 genera and 2 genera with 7 species tentatively associated with the tribe. Genera Atyria Hubner, 1823 Atyriodes Warren, 1895 Cyllopoda Dalman, 1823 Formiana Druce, 1885 Paratyria Warren, 1895 Smicropus Warren, 1895 Xanthyris Felder & Felder, 1862 Uncertain association Myrice Walker, 1854 Oncopus Herrich-Schaffer, 1855 References Moth tribes
6070776	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando%20Arbex	Fernando Arbex	José Fernando Arbex Miró (28 May 1941 – 5 July 2003) was an influential Spanish musician and songwriter from Madrid, who enjoyed success both with his own groups and also with other artists. While still in his teens, he was the drummer in Los Estudiantes, and in 1965 he formed the very successful pop band Los Brincos (often seen as the "Spanish Beatles") in which he also played drums. After that group split in the late 1960s, Arbex formed the progressive rock trio Alacran with Iñaki Egaña and Oscar Lasprilla. When Lasprilla left the band and moved to England, Arbex and Egaña founded the Latin disco and rock-orientated Barrabás, who went on to considerable European success throughout the 1970s. Their most successful hit single "Woman" found its way on to the charts in the United States. Alongside his career as a musician, Arbex acted as a producer and songwriter for many successful acts, including Jose Feliciano, Harry Belafonte, Nana Mouskouri, Emilio Aragón, Miguel Bosé and Middle of the Road. He also recorded works outside the world of popular music. He composed the original music for the first Spanish Musical "La Maja de Goya", and music for cinema and ballet. In 2000, he reformed Los Brincos for an extremely successful special concert in A Coruña, and also recorded with a reformed Barrabás. Fernando Arbex died in 2003 after a long illness. External links 1941 births 2003 deaths Musicians from Madrid Spanish male songwriters Spanish drummers 20th-century Spanish musicians 20th-century drummers
3081656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Sundby	Tom Sundby	Tom Sundby (born 15 December 1960) is a former Norwegian footballer. A midfielder who scored 6 goals in 39 caps for the national team, he participated in the 1984 Summer Olympics. His father Reidar Sundby was a football player. The elder brother Reidar Sundby jr also and once went to Twente with his friend Hallvar Thoresen. Career Youth and Lyn Raised in Stavern Sundby followed in the footsteps of his father, Reidar Sundby, began playing football, first at the youth side of the local club Stag, then in Larvik Turn. On 24 September 1977, 16-year-old Sundby played for the Youth Cup qualifying final, which ended 2–0 defeat, then very next day 25 September he made his debut in Larvik Turn's A-team jersey for which he scored twice and the team won the victory over Strømsgodset at the last matchday of the season. As LT relegated, he played together with his elder brother Reidar Sundby jr. for two years in 3. division. At the last matchday of the season 1980, he scored the opening goal, showed his talent and became the best player of the match though Larvik Turn defeated and slipped down to the third place. It was said that he could go to Netherlands to become a professional like his clubmate Hallvar Thoresen. In 1981, Sundby chose to go to 1. division club Lyn, where Reidar jr. once signed a contract in 1980 but never could appeared to the match due to the injury. He made his first appearance to the 1. division on 10 August 1981, for the match between Lyn and Moss which was 5–0 ended, he scored his first goal for Lyn at 65 minutes of the match. He played 9 matches and scored 3 goals in 1981, 24 complete 2. division as Lyn relegated and The Cup matches and 2 goals in 1982. Lillestrøm and Iraklis Then he was brought to Lillestrøm as a replacement for Tom Lund, whom they lost to retirement. He signed a 1-year-contract on 14 December 1982. He made his first appearance for Lillestrøm at the away match against Kongsvinger on 24 April 1983, then scored his first league goal at the home match against Eik-Tønsberg which was 3–0 goal at 25 minutes of the match, on 1 May 1983. Having developed fully at the sparkling club matches during the spring season, on 15 June 1983 Sundby made his debut for Norway national A team at the Olympic qualifying match against Finland as the substitute for Øivind Tomteberget. It's 29 years since his father Reidar Sundby played his first and only match with the flag on his chest. "But it is still dad who is ahead in the international competition. He got a whole match in 1954, while I only let go for 13 minutes. But I have at least got a leg up in Røste Fossen's list of national team players - so it is only to be hoped that it does not stop with the meagre quarter", he said. Norway was invited to participate in the 1984 Summer Olympics in June as East Germany withdrew. On 11 July 1984, Sundby was selected for the Norwegian Olympic football squad, together with his clubmates Joar Vaadal and André Krogsæter. Having been pressed for time, 24 July arrived in USA, 29 July played against Chile 0–0 draw, 31 July against France 1–2 defeat, 2 August against Qatar 2–0 win. His shirt number was 10. Sundby took part in the training match between Norway and Italy in raining foggy Lecche on 25 September 1985.　Next to number 11 Hallvar Thoresen, he number 8 played in and dominated the left midfield against Bruno Conti and Salvatore Bagni. Norway beat The World Champion with 2–1, and jubilated in the dressing room. Sundby scored against Denmark on 16 October 1985 in Ullevaal, 1–0 43 minutes of the match. Hallvar Thoresen took a free kick at the right side, Sundby hit it with a header from the near side and the ball arced perfectly into the left side of the goal. Unfortunately it was a game of two halves, missing Svein Fjælberg due to the injury was too big. Against France on 14 October 1987 in Parc des Princes, 1-1 80 minutes of the match. Kjetil Osvold took a free kick approx. 45 degrees diagonally, from a distance of 12,5m in front of the goal Sundby hit it with a header to the ground, and the ball bounced off and into the under left of the goal. With Lillestrøm, 1985: Sundby finished the second place in the 1. division as LSK defeated by competing Rosenborg with 0–1 and slipped down from the top position after they had led for 12 rounds, at the last matchday on 12 October 1985. Then on 20 October 1985, he won the title 1985 Norwegian Football Cup beating Vålerenga with 4–1 in the glorious Ullevaal, was given The King's Cup by Olav V of Norway. 1986: he won the league gold, which was brought by his only goal of the penultimate game of the season on 12 October 1986 against Strømmen IF with 1–0. Then on 26 October 1986, he lost at the Finale of the 1986 Norwegian Football Cup to Tromsø IL with 4–1. Sundby was named the Player of the Year 1985 from Aftenposten and 1986 from VG. On 13 September 1986 He signed a new 2-year-contract with Lillestrøm. On 10 December 1986 he signed a contract with a Alpha Ethniki club Iraklis to become a professional, which had been a dream of his elder brother Reidar jr. and Tom. Since eight years ago when Reidar jr arranged training at Go Ahead for Tom, many foreign clubs - FC Brugge, Gent, Ajax, FC Metz, Mannheim, Darmstadt, Tennis Borussia and Køln - had been mentioned. On 21 December 1986 Sundby made his first official appearance for Iraklis, heading a long goal-scoring pass to Sakis Anastasiadis at the match against the city rival PAOK with 48000 spectators and pleased Reidar jr who sat in the honour lounge. He played there for two years. Iraklis loved him. On 21 June 1987, the finale of the 45th Greek Cup was held between Iraklis and OFI, The Olympic Stadium of Athens "Spyros Louis" in front of 23578 fans. As 1–1 at the end of the normal duration of the match, the title was decided on the penalty-shootout. Sundby, being the first taker, missed out. Following 2 of 3 teammates were denied. Iraklis became the runner-up. On 11 September 1988 at the premiere match of the season, he scored 2 of the 3 Iraklis goals, then flew back to Norway. Injured and Comeback at Lyn On 14 September 1988, in the first minute of the match against Scotland, which was Norway's first qualifying match of the 1990 World Cup, Sundby got seriously injured by a tackle from Steve Nicol who was being a right-back surprisingly there in the centre midfield. At that very moment Sundby was moving to shield the ball elegantly. He left the pitch with a bandage around his right knee, fans kept calling his name. He was very close to a contract with Fiorentina or Nice but had to be sidelined for two years because of that injury, effectively ruining his professional career. Sundby made a comeback at 2 division Lyn in 1990. He, though playing with only one leg, and Lyn was promoted to 1. division, where he finished 4th in 1991 (Sundby 16 league matches 3 goals), 5th in 1992 (20 league matches 3 goals). He "gave up" as a footballer at the age of 32 in 1993 with 14 league matches 5 goals being one of the best players in Norway then. His retirement from top football was announced in February. Farewell match for Lyn was held at Ullevaal on 25 July 1993, with Spurs. "Of course it was fun to play at Ullevaal again" said Sundby there. "If there's a crisis in Lyn and need for me, I'll think about it (a comeback) once again. But I do not believe that we are going into such situation". Lyn was relegated that year. He worked for Asics Norway A/S as a general manager. He was a leader of Football Group in Snarøya Sportsklubb. Sundby works as marketing director of Norges Fotballforbund since 1 October 2007. Kjetil Osvold, a former teammate in Lillestrøm and national team both, answered when he was asked who is the best footballer he has ever played with: "Tom Sundby. He had all, a complete football player - simply." References External links 1960 births Living people Sportspeople from Larvik Footballers from Vestfold og Telemark Norwegian men's footballers Norway men's international footballers Larvik Turn players Lyn Fotball players Lillestrøm SK players Iraklis F.C. (Thessaloniki) players Eliteserien players Olympic footballers for Norway Footballers at the 1984 Summer Olympics Expatriate men's footballers in Greece Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Greece Norwegian expatriate men's footballers Men's association football midfielders
7131989	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence%20Profit	Clarence Profit	Clarence Profit (June 26, 1912 – October 22, 1944) was a jazz pianist and composer associated with swing. Profit was born in New York, United States. He came from a musical family and began studying piano at the age of three, and he led a ten-piece band in New York City in his teens. A visit to his grandparents in Antigua resulted in his staying in the Caribbean for five years. He also led a group in Bermuda. He returned to the US and led his own trio, which was noted as "a format which best suited his powerful stride piano style". He co-composed "Lullaby In Rhythm" with Edgar Sampson. He was respected in his era, but after his early death fell into obscurity. He died in New York in October 1944, at the age of 32. References Footnotes General references [ AllMusic] External links Calendar for big bands database 1912 births 1944 deaths American jazz pianists American male pianists 20th-century American pianists 20th-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians
33324358	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamningberg	Hamningberg	Hamningberg is an abandoned fishing village in Båtsfjord Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The village lies along the northern coast of the large Varanger Peninsula on the shores of the Barents Sea. Its only road connection is through Vardø Municipality which is a rather long drive from the rest of Båtsfjord Municipality. Hamningberg Chapel is located in the village, although now it is only rarely used. Traditionally a fishing village, it is one of very few places in all of Finnmark county that was not burned down by the retreating Germans in the latter part of the Second World War. It was depopulated and abandoned in 1964, although some of the houses are still in use as summer cottages. Media gallery References External links Båtsfjord Former populated places in Finnmark Villages in Norway (depopulated)
16901838	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82%20Renusz	Michał Renusz	Michał Renusz (born October 18, 1987 in Malbork) is a Polish football midfielder who plays for Zatoka Puck. Career Club In March 2009, following extended health problems, Jagiellonia loaned him out to Supraślanka Supraśl in order to regain fitness. In July 2011, he joined Górnik Łęczna. References External links 1987 births Living people Polish men's footballers Jagiellonia Białystok players Stomil Olsztyn S.A. players GKS Górnik Łęczna players GKS Bełchatów players Arka Gdynia players Bałtyk Gdynia players Gryf Wejherowo players People from Malbork Footballers from Pomeranian Voivodeship Men's association football midfielders
26426296	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20Kremlin%20Cup%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles	1998 Kremlin Cup – Women's singles	Mary Pierce defeated Monica Seles in the final, 7–6(7–2), 6–3 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1998 Kremlin Cup. Jana Novotná was the reigning champion, but chose not to compete that year. Seeds A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated. The top four seeds received a bye to the second round. Venus Williams (semifinals) Monica Seles (final) Conchita Martínez (quarterfinals) Patty Schnyder (second round) Mary Pierce (champion) Anna Kournikova (first round) Sandrine Testud (semifinals) Irina Spîrlea (first round) Draw Final Section 1 Section 2 External links 1998 MGTS Kremlin Cup draw Kremlin Cup Kremlin Cup
35936613	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatten%20%28song%29	Vatten (song)	"Vatten" ("Water") is a Swedish song about Stockholm by Robert Broberg, released in 1981 on his album Kvinna eller man. The lyrics includes places in Stockholm County, among them Café Opera, Karlberg, Stockholms skärgård, Djurgårdsfärjan, Haga slott and Lidingöbro. The song charted at number 10 in Svensktoppen in May 1981. References Songs about Stockholm 1981 songs
35229433	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqcheh%20Qaleh	Aqcheh Qaleh	Aqcheh Qaleh (), also rendered as Aqjeh Qaleh or Aghcheh Ghaleh or Aghjeh Qaleh or Akcha-Kalekh or Aqcha Qaleh, may refer to: Aqcheh Qaleh, Markazi Aqcheh Qaleh, Qazvin Aqjeh Qaleh, Zanjan
2334810	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thabal%20chongba	Thabal chongba	Thabal chongba is a Manipuri folk dance traditionally performed during the festival of Yaoshang in India. In the dance, participants join hands in a circle, hop on one foot and swing their free legs across, slowly advancing. Description In earlier times, this dance was performed in the moonlight accompanied by folk songs. The music is rhythmic beating of drums accompanied by other instruments. It is performed in every locality on all the five days of the festival. As soon as the moon rises over the hills, the flute, drums and cymbals start. The boys and girls in a circle clutch each other's hands with rhythms of music slow and fast, high and low, up and down. If the number is great they may form two or three rows so that everybody and anybody can participate in the dance. See also Circle dance References Indian folk dances Meitei culture Meitei folklore in popular culture Circle dances
65802234	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poa%20subcaerulea	Poa subcaerulea	Poa subcaerulea is a perennial grass occurring in North America and Europe. Its specific epithet "subcaerulea" means "bluish". Its diploid number varies between 54 and 109. Description Poa subcaerulea grows from stolons, with its culms arising from older, dried leaves among the curved stolons. Newer, basal tufts of culms occur on separate prolonged stolons. The culms are compressed at their base and grow tall. The leaves are flat or folded, with basal leaves wide. The ellipsoid or pyramidal panicle is high, with lower fascicles of two to five branches. Its spikelets have short pedicels and are borne on the lower half of the branches, growing long. Its ovate glumes are straight, with the second glume nearly reaching the lemma above it. The lemmas have glabrous or papillate nerves. Roots are produced from the end of February to early May, leaves are produced onwards after March, and the grass flowers from July to August. Poa subcaerulea can be distinguished from other species of Poa by its more bluish culms. It especially differs from Poa angustifolia by its production of single tillers on spreading rhizomes, and from variants of Poa pratensis by its short panicle, low number of spikelets, and a tendency towards two floral branches at the inflorescence's lowest node. Distribution and habitat Poa subcaerulea occurs near damp rocks, in sands, and in woodlands. In North America, the grass occurs from Labrador down to Minnesota and eastward to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. In Britain, the grass occurs in the hills of Scotland and Wales and in sand dunes along the British coast, occurring predominately in northerly moist areas. The plant can also be found in Fennoscandia, Denmark, and Iceland. The plant is most common between 50°N and the Arctic Circle. References Plants described in 1802 subcaerulea
66290949	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947%20Texas%20Longhorns%20baseball%20team	1947 Texas Longhorns baseball team	The 1947 Texas Longhorns baseball team represented the University of Texas in the 1947 NCAA baseball season. The Longhorns played their home games at Clark Field. The team was coached by Bibb Falk in his 5th season at Texas. The Longhorns were invited to the inaugural NCAA baseball tournament, falling in the final of the Western playoff to eventual College World Series champion California. Roster Schedule References Texas Longhorns baseball seasons Texas Longhorns Southwest Conference baseball champion seasons Texas Longhorns Texas
43471082	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener%20Library%20for%20the%20Study%20of%20the%20Nazi%20Era%20and%20the%20Holocaust	Wiener Library for the Study of the Nazi Era and the Holocaust	The Wiener Library is a research library at Tel Aviv University which focuses on the Nazi era and the Holocaust. In addition to research books, the Library also holds the Wiener Archival Collection, consisting of thousands of documents on the Nazi era and the fate of European Jewry. The Library operates as part of the Sourasky Central Library. History The Jewish Central Information Office (JCIO), which became known after the war as the Wiener Library, was founded in Amsterdam in 1933 by Dr. Alfred Wiener, an active member of the "Central Association of German Citizens of Jewish Faith" (Centralverein) who left Germany when the Nazis rose to power, and Prof. David Cohen, an Ancient History professor at the University of Amsterdam and a prominent member of the local Jewish community. The establishment of the JCIO was based in an idea from the late 1920s of German Jewish activists to collect information about the Nazi party, as part of the struggle to prevent the strengthening of the party. In a similar manner, the Amsterdam center aimed to draw world attention towards the dangers of Nazi Anti-Semitism, and the worsening of anti-Jewish policies in 1930s Europe. In 1939 Dr. Wiener transferred the collection to London. Throughout the war years he and his assistants continued to collect information and documents regarding the German occupation policy, responses to it, and particularly on the fate of European Jewry. When the war ended, Holocaust survivors' testimonies as well as information regarding the fate of Jewish refugees were collected. Up until his death in 1964, Dr. Wiener and his team continued to focus on expanding the collection. In the late 1970s the Wiener Library in London and Tel Aviv University agreed to transfer the entire collection to the university. Following the transfer in 1980, the university's leading historians decided to establish the Wiener Library as a research library affiliated to the Sourasky Central Library. Copies of the original documents can be found on Microfilm at the Wiener Library in London. Today The Library's collection has expanded considerably over the past three decades. It now contains: archival material and online databases of primary sources; research books; pamphlets and periodicals; as well as literature of nationalist, anti-Semitic and national-socialist origins. It includes such items as: various editions of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion", German and European newspapers of the Nazi period, extreme-right pamphlets, anti-Semitic and fascist movements and Holocaust denial literature. The archive consists of thousands of documents from Europe in the Interwar period the Nazi era, concerning mostly the Holocaust, and the fate of Jewish communities and refugees in the post-war era. The archive includes such items as: documents from the Bern Trial, documentation of German Jewry in the 1930s, documentation of Nazi bureaucracy, survivors' and refugees' testimonies and documents from the Nuremberg trials. The Wiener Library closely collaborates with research institutes at Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Humanities. As a research library it organizes a wide range of academic activities in order to promote interest in and research of subjects relating to the Nazi era and the Holocaust, amongst which are: lecture series, academic conferences, research workshops and exhibitions. References External links The Wiener Library website 1933 establishments in the Netherlands Academic libraries in Israel Holocaust commemoration Jewish libraries Wiener Library Libraries established in 1933 Tel Aviv University
23986438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Rush	Leslie Rush	Leslie Rush (1905 – 1987) was an American surgeon who helped revolutionize the treatment of bone fractures. Biography Leslie Vaughn Rush was born in Meridian, Mississippi on February 16, 1905, the third and youngest child of Dr. Jesse Hackley Rush and his wife, the former Mary Hunnicutt. On February 15, 1915, the day before his tenth birthday, Leslie's father founded Rush's Infirmary, the first private hospital in Meridian. Leslie would eventually follow his father, his uncle James Calvin Rush and older brother H. Lowry Rush into the medical profession. Rush attended the Tulane University College of Medicine. At Tulane he was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon and Phi Chi fraternities. He joined the staff of his father's hospital in 1927. In 1936, Leslie made medical history when he performed the first known bone pinning in the United States. This revolutionary treatment of bone fractures led to the development of the "Rush pin," which is still use today. In 1944, Dr. Rush along with Catherine Hovious, and Dr. H.M. Ivey, superintendent of Meridian Public Schools, joined forces with Meridian Junior College and initiated the first junior college and hospital nursing program in the state of Mississippi. He died in February 1987. References External links Rush Foundation Hospital Rush Pin, LLC 1905 births 1987 deaths American orthopedic surgeons People from Meridian, Mississippi Sigma Alpha Epsilon members Tulane University School of Medicine alumni 20th-century American inventors 20th-century surgeons
52073397	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poecilobothrus%20nobilitatus	Poecilobothrus nobilitatus	Poecilobothrus nobilitatus or semaphore fly is a species of fly in the highly studied family Dolichopodidae. P. nobilitatus are popular study subjects because they are easy to recognize and are of large size. They mainly reside around ponds and wet lands, where most of their hunting and mating take place. Their mating ritual is highly studied due to their distinctive mate selection behaviors. Range P. nobilitatus have been found in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK. Appearance Many flies in the Dolichopodidae family have metallic green reflections in their cornea due to the cornea's wavelength-selective spectral reflectance. Their cornea is built like a multi-layered mirror that reduces the transmission of green light to the cornea's light receptors. This results in distinctive green iridescent eyes that many of the flies have. Sexual dimorphism The P. nobilitatus species exhibits sexual dimorphism; females and males have distinctive wing markings. Males are usually 7mm long and are smoky black on the distal half of their wings and white on the tips. Their thorax and abdomen are a shiny golden green. Males tend to be bigger than the females and usually have a wing length of 5.7± 0.4mm, whereas females have a wingspan of 5.2± .03mm. The wing spread of males is about 1mm larger than that of similarly sized females. Reproducing males have a larger wingspan length of 6.0±0.3mm compared to randomly caught males that have a wingspan length of 5.7±0.4mm. In the Dolichopodidae family, there is a lot of diversity in the male signaling organs. The differences in the signaling organs can be found on the antennae, all legs, the wings, the cerci, and certain abdominal projections. Reproductive behaviors Courtship Poecilobothrus nobilitatus has one of the most complicated courtships studied by researchers. Courtship for males is focused on a single female, and the presence of other males can strongly affect a female's choice. This can cause courtship to be a mutual choice rather than a combination of successive choices. The length of the courtship display is determined by individual courtship phases, less repetition of the courtship phases, and possible interruption by male competition. For example, in the presence of many females and males, the courting males might delay courtship in favor of time-consuming, male-male interactions. If the female is feeding on prey, the male will court the female for a longer amount of time. During this courtship males perform an aerial display just for the female they are interested in. The courtship starts with the male doing short intervals of wing waving, and then he hovers in front of the female. This display is then followed by two types of aerial displays, one where the male will make a circle arc around one side of the area and in the second aerial display the male will fly over the females rotating 180 degrees. Females take no obvious part in the courtship, except to terminate it by flying away. Females prefer to mate with larger males. Stages of courtship The courtship has several stages. Mating is initiated when the walking male makes a quick turn to face the female. The male then extends and vibrates his wings. There can be up to 20 wing waving displays, punctuated by rests where the male might take a small side step if the female isn’t moving. After wing waving the male will takeoff and he then hovers for a little in front of the female or starts to display flight. Male chasing Male chasing is a part of courtship for the Poecilobothrus nobilitatus species. Males pursue members of both sexes during courtship displays around the edges of ponds. Male Poecilobothrus nobilitatus participate in two types of male chasing. There are "flat out chases" with other males, in which males chase other males using rotation and fast forward flight. There are also less aggressive chasing methods that males do to females for courtship called “shadowing”. They follow the females at a distance of a couple of centimeters doing rotational and lateral movements during flight. Reproduction Successful reproduction requires cooperation from the female that has been courted. She has to slightly spread her wings so that copulation can start. Similar to other flies in the Dolichopodidae family, the males' hypopygium is very prominent and movable by an intra-abdominal joint linked with a 180° inversion and the bending of the abdomen to start copulation. Hunting P. nobilitatus are considered predators and hunt on the surface of ponds and wetlands. Both males and females settle on the surface of the water, and they do a series of short flights hovering about 3-6 inches over the water. They settle on the water after each flight. Males are more likely to detect possible prey before females, but females are more likely to start feeding on prey before males. In studies, the flies don't seem particularly interested in the food source and only tend to capture the larvae when they are close by. Food sources P. nobilitatus''' diet consists of small crustaceans, insects, potworms and Culex pipiens larvae. Most of their food sources are found in the water. Hunting strategy When the Culex larvae break the water's surface to get air, the P. nobilitatus will attack with its mouth. After a short struggle the larvae will be carried on the wing of the fly and put into the mud where the fly will eat it. Popular study subjects The Poecilobothrus nobilitatus is a popular fly for animal study because of its relatively large size, evident sexual dimorphism in wing markings, and its courtship and hunting displays on a 2-dimensional surface (water), allowing for more accurate and easy studying of the species. Most of the study surrounding Poecilobothrus nobilitatus'' is filmed and the size and the habitat of the fly makes it easier to study them on film. References Dolichopodinae Insects described in 1767 Diptera of Europe Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
11538870	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MECACAR	MECACAR	Operation MECACAR (currently known as MECACAR New Millennium) is a multi-national immunization program launched in 1995 by the World Health Organization to coordinate polio vaccination efforts (currently it is also used to coordinated measles and rubella vaccination efforts). The name of the operation was derived from the names of the regions participating in the operation: Eastern Mediterranean, Caucasus, Central Asian Republics and Russia. Currently, 18 countries are participating and more than 60 million children have been vaccinated. Concept The operation was launched to "maximize the geographic area covered and the number of children targeted simultaneously for mass vaccination with OPV". It introduced "National Immunization Days", held at the same dates in bordering member countries; and also coordinated the efforts of different laboratories. History MECACAR New Millennium After Europe was declared polio-free in 2002, MECACAR's objectives became maintaining polio-free status in the region and also achieve measles and rubella elimination. On May 17, 2007, the MECACAR New Millennium declaration was signed. The event took place in Geneva. Effectivity Reception References External links MECACAR - successful collaboration across borders The MECACAR Declaration World Health Organization
31050726	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Griffin%20%28MP%29	Edward Griffin (MP)	Sir Edward Griffin (1587 – 5 May 1681) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1644. Griffin was a son of Sir Edward Griffin of Dingley and Gumley Ewing, Northamptonshire. He matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford on 16 October 1601, aged 14. He was a student of Middle Temple in 1604. He was knighted on 20 May 1625. King James and Anne of Denmark came from Kirby Hall and visited him at Braybrooke Castle on 12 August 1605. King James knighted him at Grafton on 19 August 1608. He gained the estates of his older brother, Sir Thomas Griffin, on his death in 1615. Thomas Griffin had married Catherine Morton, daughter of Sir John Morton, and secondly, Elizabeth Touchet, a daughter of George Touchet, Lord Audley, but had no male heir. His first wife was Lucy. He married secondly Frances Uvedale, a daughter of William Uvedale. His wife, or his brother's widow, Lady Griffin, attended the funeral of Anne of Denmark in 1619 as a lady of the Privy Chamber. In April 1640, Griffin was elected member of parliament for Downton in the Short Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Downton in the Long Parliament and sat until he was disabled on 5 February 1644. Following the Restoration, Griffin was Treasurer of the Chamber from 1660 to 1679. Griffin is said to have died in 1681 at an advanced age. References \|- 1587 births 1670 deaths Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford Members of the Middle Temple English MPs 1640 (April) English MPs 1640–1648
36691790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoint	Decapoint	Decapoint, or raphigraphy, was a tactile form of the Latin script invented by Louis Braille as a system that could be used by both the blind and sighted. It was published in 1839. Letters retained their linear form, and so were legible without training to the sighted, but the lines were composed of embossed dots like those used in braille. Each letter contained ten dots in the height and different dots in the width to produce the graphic form of print. The reason for the development of this writing was that relatives of the students could not read braille. These letters were not easy for the blind to write because of their height of ten dots despite grid. It therefore did not take long for the blind friend of Louis Braille, Pierre-François-Victor Foucault, to build in 1841 the first apparatus, the Raphigraph, which could push all the points of one column of characters at the same time into the paper. This font was now named Raphigraphy (Raphigrafie or Raphigraphie). When the first typewriters were invented, they quickly replaced the complicated Raphigraphy or decapoint, despite the impossibility for the blind to read the writing of typewriters. References Louis Invents Decapoint, American Foundation for the Blind Source: Louis Braille: Brochure from 1839 (French) Nouveau procede pour representer des points la forme meme des letters, les cartes de geographie, les figures de geometrie, les caracteres de musiques, etc., a l'usage des aveugles (New Method for Representing by Dots the Form of the Letters Themselves, Maps, Geometric Figures, Musical Symbols, etc., for Use by the Blind) The Raphigraphie by Louis Braille in 1839, character set worked up optically (German) Braille Tactile alphabets Writing systems introduced in 1839
1074297	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necking	Necking	Necking can refer to: Making out, a term for heavy kissing of the neck or petting of that area Necking (engineering), the process by which a ductile material deforms under tension forming a thin neck Necking (electronics), thinning of traces in PCB layouts Necking, a behavior of giraffes Necking up or necking down, methods of modifying a firearm cartridge to make a wildcat cartridge or a new production cartridge (e.g. the US .60 caliber T17 round being shortened and necked up to create the 20×102 mm M61 Vulcan cannon cartridge) See also Neck (disambiguation) Rubbernecking
5275099	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontook%20Reservoir	Pontook Reservoir	Pontook Reservoir is a impoundment on the Androscoggin River in Coos County in northern New Hampshire, United States. The dam and impoundment are located in the town of Dummer. The reservoir was created for hydroelectric power generation. See also List of lakes in New Hampshire References Lakes of Coös County, New Hampshire Reservoirs in New Hampshire Protected areas of Coös County, New Hampshire Northern Forest Canoe Trail Androscoggin River
68583280	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Browne	General Browne	General Browne may refer to: Beverley Woon Browne (1883–1948), Canadian Army major general Edward Stevenson Browne (1852–1907), British Army brigadier general Gore Browne (c. 1764–1843), British Army general James Browne (Indian Army officer) (1839–1896), British Indian Army major general Maximilian Ulysses Browne (1705–1757), Holy Roman Empire generals Montfort Browne (fl. 1760–1780), British Army brigadier general Reginald Spencer Browne (1856–1943), Australian Imperial Force major general Sir Richard Browne, 1st Baronet, of London (c. 1602–1669), Parliamentary Army major general in the English Civil War Sam Browne (1824–1901), British Indian Army general Thomas M. Browne (1829–1891), Indiana Cavalry brevet brigadier general in the American Civil War William M. Browne (1823–1883), Confederate States Army temporary brigadier general See also General Brown (disambiguation)
410823	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USGS%20DEM	USGS DEM	The USGS DEM standard is a geospatial file format developed by the United States Geological Survey for storing a raster-based digital elevation model. It is an open standard, and is used throughout the world. It has been superseded by the USGS's own SDTS format but the format remains popular due to large numbers of legacy files, self-containment, relatively simple field structure and broad, mature software support. DEM Level A USGS DEM can be classified into one of four levels of quality. This is due to the multiple methods of data collection, and certainty in the data. Format Structure The USGS DEM format is a self-contained (single file) set of ASCII-encoded (text) 1024-byte (1024 ASCII chars) blocks that fall into three record categories called A, B, and C. There is no cross-platform ambiguity since line ending control codes are not used, and all data including numbers is represented in readable text form. There is no known binary analogue of the format, although it is common practice to compress the files with gzip. Floating-point numbers are encoded using Fortran scientific notation, so C/C++ programs need to swap the "D" exponent-indicating character with "E" when parsing (and vice versa when writing). A record fields hold the origin, type, summary statistics and the measurement systems used by the profiles. The A record appears once as the file's header, the C record also appears once as the trailer, and multiple B records (called profiles) comprise the elevation data. A and C records each fit within one block, but a single B record typically requires multiple blocks. When such block-spanning occurs, data are shifted to start cleanly on each block boundary. A records also come in "old" and "new" flavors, because the USGS added several fields to the A record. One of the key items is the quadrangle, which is a set of four terrestrial coordinates describing the four-sided polygon enclosing the area of interest. B records (profiles) are a variable-length longitudinal column of raster elevations that start at a specified location. They are some multiple of 1024 bytes long and contain a small header summarizing the profile. The elevations are contiguous; breaks or other discontinuities are expressed using "void" elevations of value -32767. Each elevation is described as a six-character readable integer occupying a fixed location in a block. The profile header only appears in the first block, so subsequent blocks hold more elevation values. When reading the DEM file from first byte to last, one reads the profiles as columns from west to east. The elevations within a profile run from south to north. The variable-location and variable-length nature of profiles stems mainly from the use of the UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) ground reference system. Since measurements within UTM employ fixed distances (e.g., 30 meters between elevation samples), the quadrangle must slightly distort to map such locations onto the spherical Earth. This distortion usually manifests as a rotated square, hence the elevation columns near the east and west edges start more northward and contain fewer samples. C records contain root-mean squared error (RMSE) quality control data, using ten six-character integer fields. External links Standards for digital elevation models, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, National Mapping Division (1992): Part 1: General (1992) Part 2: Specifications (1995) Part 3: Quality control (1992) Errata and changes (1998) Sources for USGS DEMs: Canadian Digital Elevation Data, Level 1 GIS raster file formats United States Geological Survey Digital elevation models
35912496	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishtar	Nishtar	Nishtar may refer to: Abdur Rab Nishtar (1899–1958), Pakistani politician Sania Nishtar (born 1963), Pakistani politician See also Nishtar Park, in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan Nishtar Park bombing
9362700	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Mullaney	Steven Mullaney	Steven John Mullaney (born 19 November 1986) is an English cricketer who played in the 2006 Under-19 Cricket World Cup in Sri Lanka. For the 2008–09 Australian season he played for South Caulfield in Melbourne's Victorian Turf Cricket Association competition as that club's visiting professional. At the end of the 2009 season, Mullaney, having spent most of the year playing for the second XI, turned down a new contract with Lancashire and instead signed with Nottinghamshire. Career Early career and youth internationals Born in Warrington, Cheshire, Mullaney joined Lancashire in 2003. Along with Karl Brown, Steven Croft, and Tom Smith he was part of the first intake of Lancashire's cricket academy. Between 2005 and 2006, Mullaney played two Youth Test matches. He debuted on 2 February 2005; playing for England U-19s for India U-19s, Mullaney bowled 8 overs for 42 runs in the match and scored 29 not out (29) and 14, batting at number six in the first innings and number five in the second. England lost the match by an innings and 137 runs. His second and final Test was in July 2006 and also against India U-19s. He scored 0 and 31, both times batting at seven, and conceded 43 runs from 11 overs. He finished the tournament as England's leading wicket-taker, from 5 matches he took 9 wickets at an average of 15.11. Also between 2005 and 2006, Mullaney played 15 Youth One Day Internationals. In that time, he scored 169 runs at an average of 16.90, with a highest score of 40, and took 10 wickets at an average of 29.40 and best bowling figures of 3 wickets for 26 runs (3/26). During his time in the team, Mullaney took part in the 2006 U-19 World Cup. He had been dropped from the squad after a tour of Sri Lanka in December 2005, but was selected to play in the World Cup in February 2006 after England had a winless tour of Bangladesh. Early years with Lancashire Mullaney made his first-class, list A, and Twenty20 debuts for Lancashire in 2006. His first team cricket with Lancashire in 2006–2009 was limited, and in that time he played 4 first-class matches, 7 list A matches, and three Twenty20 matches. In April 2007, Mullaney scored his maiden first-class century. Playing against Durham University, his innings of 165 not out (165) came at quicker than a run a ball and allowed Lancashire to win the match. His first hundred runs came off 92 balls and the next 65 from 26 and included 10 sixes. It beat his previous highest score of 44. In the 2007 cricket season, Mullaney played for Northern Cricket Club, in the Liverpool and District Cricket Competition, averaging 70 with the bat and taking over 30 wickets. After he spent the winter of 2007/08 playing grade cricket for McKinnon in the Victorian Turf Cricket Association, Mullaney signed a professional contract with Atherton Cricket Club in the Bolton Association at the start of the 2008 season. Speaking of his move from Northern to Atherton, Mullaney said "Northern was the turning point in my career, and I have left on really good terms to try and better myself. The league [Atherton play in] will not be quite as good, and the wickets aren't quite as good, but it will be a new challenge" and that "I think getting into the pro-ing side of things is an added pressure – but it is a pressure I am really looking forward to". He set his sights on establishing himself in Lancashire's second team in the 2008 season and then force his way into the first team. In 2009, Mullaney was a regular in the top order of the Lancashire second team which progressed to the final of the Second XI Championship and the semi-final of the Second XI Trophy. Nottinghamshire At the end of the 2009 season he turned down a two-year contract with Lancashire and signed for Nottinghamshire. Mullaney won the Nottinghamshire player of the year award in 2013 having moved up to the opening slot in the county championship, scoring two centuries. He also made an average contribution with the ball, in the side's YB40 title-winning side and the t20 team's progression to the quarterfinals. He was appointed club captain on 14 November 2017, replacing the long-serving Chris Read. Franchise cricket In April 2022, he was bought by the Trent Rockets for the 2022 season of The Hundred. References External links 1986 births Living people Cricketers from Warrington English cricketers Lancashire cricketers Nottinghamshire cricketers Nottinghamshire cricket captains North v South cricketers Trent Rockets cricketers English expatriate sportspeople in Australia
7906371	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamarovce	Zamarovce	Zamarovce ( ) is a village and municipality in Trenčín District in the Trenčín Region of north-western Slovakia. It is situated mostly on the right bank of the Váh river. The municipality lies at an altitude of 215 metres and covers an area of 3.928 km². Etymology The name comes from Slovak Somárovce (somár - donkey). History In historical records, the village was first mentioned in 1208 as Villa Samar. In that time, the area was property of the Zamarovsky family. In 1989, Zamarovce became an independent municipality after it was separated from Trenčín. Population Zamarovce has a population of about 796 people. Most of the inhabitants are employed in factories in Trenčín, a local cooperative, or a brickfield plant. Notable people are pedagogue and historian Pavel Hičoldt and the doctor, traveller, and Alaska gold-digger Alexander Liska. Sights A first half of the 19th century mansion can be found in Zamarovce. A sports center is on the left bank of the Váh. External links https://web.archive.org/web/20071027094149/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html Sources Villages and municipalities in Trenčín District

End of preview. Expand in Dataset Viewer.

wikipedia - 20230901.en - deduped

purpose: train with less data while maintaining (most) of the quality

This is really more of a "high quality diverse sample" rather than "we are trying to remove literal duplicate documents". Source dataset: graelo/wikipedia.

configs

`default`

command:

python -m text_dedup.minhash \
  --path $ds_name \
  --name $dataset_config \
  --split $data_split \
  --cache_dir "./cache" \
  --output $out_dir \
  --column $text_column \
  --ngram 4 --threshold 0.6 \
  --hash_func xxh3 --hash_bits 16 --num_perm 64 \
  --batch_size 10000

dedup:

Fingerprinting... (num_proc=40): 100% 6705754/6705754 [06:57<00:00, 16063.27 examples/s]
Iterating MinHashes...: 100% 671/671 [04:13<00:00,  2.65it/s]
Clustering...: 100% 10/10 [00:21<00:00,  2.18s/it]
Finding clusters... (num_proc=40): 100% 6705754/6705754 [06:38<00:00, 16839.42 examples/s]
Filtering clusters... (num_proc=40): 100% 6705754/6705754 [02:25<00:00, 46058.39 examples/s]
Saving the dataset (39/39 shards): 100% 5971972/5971972 [03:47<00:00, 26266.10 examples/s]
[10/23/23 02:29:41] INFO     Loading                         : 78.82s

result:

DatasetDict({
    train: Dataset({
        features: ['id', 'url', 'title', 'text'],
        num_rows: 5673373
    })
    validation: Dataset({
        features: ['id', 'url', 'title', 'text'],
        num_rows: 149299
    })
    test: Dataset({
        features: ['id', 'url', 'title', 'text'],
        num_rows: 149300
    })
})

text-only

This is the same thing but with all columns except for 'text' removed.

from datasets import load_dataset

# If the dataset is gated/private, make sure you have run huggingface-cli login
config_name = "text-only"
dataset = load_dataset("BEE-spoke-data/wikipedia-deduped", config_name)

token counts

train

Using tiktoken GPT-4 tokenizer, train split, and text column:

	num_tokens
count	5.67337e+06
mean	612.413
std	739.331
min	3
25%	163
50%	359
75%	761
max	34298

total: 3,474,446,396

Downloads last month: 2,556

Size of downloaded dataset files:

19.1 GB

Size of the auto-converted Parquet files:

19.1 GB

Number of rows:

11,943,944

Models trained or fine-tuned on BEE-spoke-data/wikipedia-20230901.en-deduped