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[ "Say they've got 1 daily flight from Ontario to Portland that's 115% full today. And the other city flights are 80% full. At that point it's actually easier to just send the overflow packages the long way than schedule an extra flight. Adding an extra flight costs tens of thousands of dollars, adding extra packages to existing flights adds some fuel costs and a few seconds of package handler time, but it's still a lot less expensive." ]

[ "A big part of it is where the sensors are. I'm in DC, but my understanding is that all of the weather reports are based on measurements being picked up at Dulles which is an airport a few miles into Virginia, away from the city." ]

[ "Do you ever repetitively click a pen? Or jingle the change in your pocket? Or chew your nails? Or throw a baseball with a friend or your kid? Or play with a stress ball? Or... Or... or... or... Why do people do those things? I think you're right that you're probably over thinking it and it's just a toy." ]

[ "Think of your vocal cords as if they were rubber bands. Brand new rubber bands (like when you are young) are tight and bounce right back after being stretched. Now think of an older rubber band (like when you are old), having being stretched over and over. It doesn't have the same elasticity it once had." ]

[ "You'll want to talk about the differences in how England and Netherlands treated trade and their colonies. You may want to consider the role the Jewish banking families had on all three, as well as the more general motivation for expansion between the two. Really though, at 1.5 pages you'll want to find a focused point/counter point relationship that quickly and easily identifies a key difference and then back that difference up with supporting evidence." ]

[ "The person you link to has borrowed (~~or plagiarised - there's no citation~~ Edit: /u/Iguana_on_a_stick points out they do reference Eckstein on page 3, I only Ctrl-F'd the first page. My bad.) their main argument almost entirely from Arthur Eckstein's *Mediterranean Anarchy, Interstate War, and the Rise of Rome* (2006). Whether this view is accurate is largely a matter of interpretation and debate, but I think it has a lot to recommend it. Eckstein shows how militarism was the rule across the Mediterranean at this time: Rome existed in a dog eat dog world, in which brutality was the norm. We must therefore look for other reasons for Rome's successful expansion than the idea that the Romans were exceptionally belligerent. Eckstein perhaps pushes his case for \"interstate anarchy\" too far, arguing for example that international law was non-existent, but his \"realist\" model is still a useful way of understanding the period." ]

[ "[“One would not presume that Bob Marley, who wrote the well-known song ‘I Shot the Sheriff,’ actually shot a sheriff, or that Edgar Allan Poe buried a man beneath his floorboards, as depicted in his short story ‘The Tell-Tale Heart,’ simply because of their respective artistic endeavors on those subjects,” the court wrote in its unanimous opinion.](_URL_0_) Also, Wiz Khalifa could have been smoking hand-rolled tobacco." ]

[ "to build publicity. reporters aren't following them all the time. in order to get reporters to show up, the person has to announce that they're going to make a major announcement that'll make news." ]

[ "As far as I am aware, the mechanisms of RNA packaging in HIV are unclear. However, the two strands of RNA are actually associated together in an RNA dimer bound at the dimerisation initiation site (DIS) - a palindromic stretch of RNA which is 7 nucleotides long iirc. This can be separated into monomers by raising the temperature substantially. It is a requirement of infection to have dimerised RNA, and it remains a potential target for anti-retroviral therapy. It has been shown that RNA without the DIS sequence can still bind, albeit loosely, indicating that there is probably another binding factor in there somewhere. The mechanisms of packaging just two RNA strands are not clear, but it is certain that a redundant mechanism is creating these RNA dimers and ensuring there are only two packaged." ]

[ "Many missions do use multiple slingshot encounters (aka \"Gravity Assist Maneuvers\"). If I recall correctly, the Rosetta mission performed two Earth GAMs and a Mars GAM. Cassini performed two GAMs past Venus, one past Earth, and another at Jupiter. However, this takes time. In order to pull off the double-earth slingshot, for example, they had to wait until Earth \"came around\" again, which took several years (as the probe was moving in relation to the Earth). Also, there's a limit to how much speed you can gain and still rendezvous with the same body again. For example, the New Horizons probe left Jupiter on a hyperbolic solar system trajectory. This means it's going too fast to ever swing back around to a point where it crosses Jupiter's orbit. EDIT: It was Rosetta, not Stardust. My bad." ]

[ "You may find [this](_URL_0_) of interest: in 1958, a single-engine prop plane stayed up for _64 days_. They refueled and resupplied by matching speed with a fuel truck driving down the runway and hoisting stuff up, about twice a day. They modified the engine so they could change the oil in flight. They only gave up when the engine had so much carbon buildup that they could barely climb after refueling." ]

[ "I live near a long string of parks. Over decades I have watcher the behavior of Canadian geese in particular. Groups will do to the golf course or another pond on a regular schedule. They fly a direct route between these locations. They definitely know where they are going. I remember one terribly windy winter day when a group wanted to go up wind about three miles. They all took off, but one goose could not keep up the pace in the wind. The lead pack turned around and landed while the tired goose rested. I don't think they ever visited the other pond that day. I have seen many examples of such behavior. Other observations: you can tell how far a group is going by how high they fly. Geese flying from pond to pond may fly 100M above the ground whereas birds going 10 miles or more will fly 500m or more high. I conclude they know what they are doing." ]

[ "[Data corruption](_URL_0_) happens when something goes wrong and the machine accidentally writes the wrong data, or overwrites the wrong part of the data, or deletes something that shouldn't have been deleted. This could be as simple as putting a 1 where a 0 should be, or it could be much more complex. Sometimes the machine can figure out what went wrong with the data and can correct it, but if it can't, the file can be unrecoverable." ]

[ "Software can often store information in temporary places. When you go through a shutdown/quit/exit process, it's not just stopping that program, it should also be reverting any of those file/directory locks and bringing the 'temporary' information back to a 'permanent' state. When you just pull the cord out of the back of your computer, these programs don't get a chance to do that properly. However, computers do crash so developers have learned to store some of temp info in a permanent location just in case. For example, if you have a Microsoft Word document open and you pull the power cord out, the next time you start Word it will say something like, \"Microsoft Word didn't shut down correctly. Would you like to continue working on any of [these] recently opened documents?\"" ]

[ "Hospital security here. From an enforcement standpoint, it can be hard to tell if someone is smoking or vaping. You tell somebody they can't smoke here and they point to someone vaping and say \"But you're letting them smoke!\" Also, there was some concern as to what chemicals were present in vapor (it is *not* \"just water vapor\" as some people try to tell me) and how people with lung problems (more likely found in a hospital than out in the real world) would react to them. Also also, I lost all sympathy for vapers when vaping went from \"give me the physical sensation of smoking to help me quit\" to \"give me a new way to get my nicotine fix.\"" ]

[ "Several reasons, one, they are very expensive to build, two, the power transmission infrastructure is also very expensive to build, three, you'd still need power supply to make up for night, and times when the wind is too low/high. Four, someone will always be against any major project, and tie you up in court for years. Think everyone wants solar/wind? Try and build one. People whose cause is the desert ecosystem, or the offshore ecosystem, or wherever you want to put it, will fight you in court to prevent it being built in their area of interest. Everybody's in favor, until it comes to their town. tl/dr :$$ Edited to fix a spelling error. And I should have added \"and maintain\" after expensive to build." ]

[ "This is a really fun question. I just want to say that. The answer is that they don't calculate their jumps any more or less than you calculate your steps down a set of stairs. Which is to say, it depends on how unusual the staircase is, and how many times you've walked it. Squirrels are just physically and mentally equipped for a different shape of stairs." ]

[ "If you are really interested in this, [watch this.](_URL_0_) It's a one hour lecture by Dr. Hans Mark, who was at NASA during the 70's and lead some of the deep space missions. The short answer is that they rely on gravitational boosts from other planets (usually Jupiter) and the sun. The orbital trajectories are planned out before launch. Not much repositioning can be done after launch." ]

[ "Norton's dome does not show that Newtonian mechanics does not adhere to determinism. Newtonian mechanics is formulated precisely in such a way that the theory is deterministic. Norton's dome gives the opposite impression because it supposedly is an example of a particle that spontaneously acquires some non-zero speed. But Norton's dome is actually not a Newtonian system. So Newtonian mechanics doesn't apply to it. You can read [more details in this post](_URL_0_)." ]

[ "I remember reading about a virus back in the day (I think it required a floppy disk to be put into the drive, with the virus, not unlike stuxnet, although it was broader in who it impacted). It worked by abusing a flaw in the hardware which caused the diskdrive to spin too quickly, essentially destroying it. Again, not that different from stuxnet. I'd have to look up the details but it's not inconceivable that this could exist, but there are FAR more safety precautions in hardware today, and that didn't actually destroy the CPU itself." ]

[ "Quick and easy explanation: refraction. A still quick and pretty easy to understand and MUCH better explanation: [Why do things look darker when they're wet? ](_URL_0_)" ]

[ "Imagine a seat cushion outside in the rain. If it rains a bit on the cushion, it will be fine if you grab it quickly and bring it out of the rain. But when it sits there getting wet for an extended period of time, it will get completely soaked through. Same if it falls in the pool ... if you grab it quickly, it'll be less wet than if you let it sit there taking water. Your electronics have some holes and spots that water can leak through to the inside. The longer it sits in water, the more water it will take in. Pressure allows more water to be **forced** inside." ]

[ "They say they are flushable, because that sells wipes. But the problem is, many are made of a non-woven spun fiber material, similar to that used in disposable diapers. They tend to get caught on the rusty protuberances of cast-iron drain pipes. Worse yet, I've heard from folks at sewage treatment plants that they clog plumbing there. They are not water soluble, so they are not really \"flushable\". Maybe someone will file a class-action suit against these folks. I have a $250 plumbing bill from when a friend came to visit and the sewer backed up. 200 feet of snake later, it comes out wadded up with \"flushable\" baby wipes!" ]

[ "Building is often done in bulk, dozens of houses at a time, which means you get economies of scale, not just in the materials etc, but in the laying on of services. Building a row of houses needs a trench dug for the sewer connections, for example, but you can do the whole row at one time - likewise the foundations and the concrete pouring etc. Build a single house and someone has to turn up to do each job singly, which is much more expensive. Working on an existing building, the services are already there - gas, water, sewer, electricity, coms, roads etc. Given all that, just adding a bit to the side costs relatively little. Taking out a bathroom and putting in a new one can be done in a week, easily." ]

[ "In a word: denaturation. Heat breaks down protein molecules causing the hydrophilic (water loving) parts of all the different molecules to clump together and the hydrophobic (water hating) to also clump together. When the amino acids in the proteins reform their bonds the now hydrophilic free parts harden over." ]

[ "Your finger is poking your eyeball on one side, putting pressure on your retinal nerves. Your retinal nerves get confused and pass signals to the brain that are interpreted as light. Light passing through the lens of the eye is mirrored so that an incoming image appears upside down and backward on the retina. The brain flips the image back to normal. When you press on your eye you “create” light, the image is then flipped by the brain as it always is, and you see the weird colors on the side opposite the eye you pressed." ]

[ "The first war in recorded history was [between Sumer and Elam in 2700 BCE.] (_URL_1_) However there is evidence of warfare all the way back to the Mesolithic era (sometime between 14,300 and 13,200 years ago) at a site near the border of Egypt and Sudan called [Cemetery 117.] (_URL_0_) Edit for links." ]

[ "I believe someone forgot to pay the rent on a system and when another group came in to claim it, the original group that forgot to pay the rent started fighting them. And...yeah. It's become what it is now." ]

[ "As far as canon law is concerned the answer is very clear. No consent = no marriage. Consent must be freely given before man and God or the marriage does not exist. For instance, Canon 1098 \"A person contracts invalidly who enters into a marriage deceived by malice,\" or Canon 1103 \"A marriage is invalid if entered into because of force or grave fear from without, even if unintentionally inflicted, so that a person is compelled to choose marriage in order to be free from it.\". Basically forced marriages are a nono and a woman would have recourse to the religious courts and could get an annulment, even if she had consummated. That said, Canon Law as a body developed over an extended period of time. Further, given the general lack of education for both priests and laity it is perfectly possible that the law was not applied at all or the priests, being as patriarchal as the rest, might choose not to enforce the law." ]

[ "Ever try to schedule time off with a boss who views his employees as disposable indentured servants? It's an excellent way to hear that your vacation pay will be your severance package. One would think that ought to be illegal, but it turns out that the courts really don't care." ]

[ "Stress is hormonal and was used as a fight or flight helper when we were but primitive humans. I'm not really sure why it stays long periods of time, but I suspect it's because you needed to be alert for long periods of time if you were in a dangerous area. What I do know is that the amount of stress hormone in your blood slowly decreases over time, unless it's stimulated before it has declined. If that's the case, it'll mean that roughly the same amount of stress hormone is released as the first time, which will add to the rest of the stress. This will make the decline take longer every time the stress hormone is stimulated, which is why the stress is \"carried\" in your body." ]

[ "Usually when we type, we are using our working memory to hold the info we want to type. Our working memory only has so much space in it that if something new pops up it pushes back the old info and takes front seat; attention also affects this. Think of it like a bus. What you're trying to type is in the drivers seat (since you're focusing on it) and other things like, where the keyboard is or mouse is is stored in the passenger seat since you aren't focusing on it as much. When someone says something, you begin to focus on that rather than typing and type what they say. What the person said pretty much takes the drivers seat. This is also why you forget what your were going to say when having a conversation. Ever think of a good joke or comment in the middle of someone talking but then forget it when they're done? It's pretty much the same thing." ]

[ "It didn't. It evolved them at different times. They are not useless in isolation. For example, the ability to latch onto human skin gives you a reproductive advantage because of dispersal (just like plant seeds that can travel with wind, like dandelion). The ability to penetrate skin gives you better access to nutrients even if you never leave the host." ]

[ "Probably some fish are a good example to explain *why*. Pangasius is a fish that's cultivated in Vietnam. It can get oxygen out of the air, so for the farmer (sorry, don't know the proper word in english) it doesn't matter too much if the water is clean or not. They can grow a lot of fish in a really small amount of water, about 150 fish per m³. Pangasius eat a lot of their own defecation, which is full of deadly bacteria, and those deadly bacteria are nuked with antibiotics. So: antibiotics in our food chain is a sign for meat and fish, cultivated in an unsanitary environment. Next to that, the problem with resistation." ]

[ "Surface tension is a result of the fluid being more 'attracted' to itself rather than the other surface. So If you look at the case of a glass of water, the polar water molecules are attracted to themselves (via hydrogen bonds) more than the water-glass interaction. As a result, you see a small meniscus forming in the glass (more obvious with thin tubes). When you heat a fluid, the molecules being to move around more, and the attractive effect of the polar bonds is diminished, so it's seen that heating a liquid generally causes the surface tension to decrease. Now there is something called the critical point or critical temperature, where if you heat a fluid up enough, the surface tension goes to zero. This temperature is a lot higher than the boiling point of water, so you'd see all the water evaporate before the surface tension is completely broken. references: [1](_URL_2_) [2](_URL_0_) [3](_URL_1_)" ]

[ "Hydrogen bonding! In a solid state, the average kinetic energy of water molecules is low enough that hydrogen bonding can happen. This creates a highly ordered crystalline structure with lots of space between molecules. In liquid water, however, the kinetic energies of the molecules overcome the hydrogen bonding energy, so liquid water is far less ordered and there is much less space between molecules as a result. Less space = more mass per unit volume = more density." ]

[ "CRISPR uses a protein (cas9) to make double stranded cuts in DNA. The natural double stranded DNA repair mechanisms in the cell, chew the DNA back from the break to generate the single stranded DNA ends needed to complete the repair. The result of this is that he DNA at the site of the damage is lost. Cas9 requires a guide RNA to direct it to the DNA. The guide RNA matches a unique sequence in the DNA. In this way you can make Cas9 cut the DNA anywhere you choose by selecting the sequence of the guide RNA. CRISPR gets fancier too. You can include various other components that match the region of the DNA you are causing the double strand break in. These will be used as templates to repair the DNA. You can include new DNA in these regions to introduce a gene, or even a mutation in an existing gene." ]

[ "Thank you for your submission! Unfortunately, your submission has been removed for the following reason(s): You can find the basic answer with a google / wiki search. Please start there and come back with a more specific question. If you disagree with this decision, please send a [message to the moderators.](_URL_3_)" ]

[ "Your evolutionary ancestor is calling for help, frightening the enemy, and moving you a bit away from the danger while your brain can catch up and decide what to do next." ]

[ "There are a few different answers because there are a few different psychological approaches. TheCanadianDoctor's answer is the biological approach. Using the behavioral/learning approach, I would say it was because when you learned that word, you learned it by forming a connection between the (echoic) sound and the semantic meaning. This was reinforced positively as you grew. So, if you repeat the sound only without thinking of the meaning each time, you will start to disassociate the sound with the (now unconnected) meaning." ]

[ "If you have three things producing a product (the job of a chromosome is ultimately to produce proteins) instead of two, you might expect somewhere around 50% more of the product than you would otherwise have. This is the case for some of the genes implicated in Down's on chromosome 21. With this excess protein floating around, the normal \"environment\" can get pretty out-of-whack. This leads to early-onset dementia (specifically Alzheimer's due to the overproduction of beta amyloid), heart defects, spinal issues, the typical facial features often indicative of Down's, etc. [There's some excellent information here](_URL_0_) if you're curious about the details -- let me know if there's anything you see that you'd like me to ELI5. Note: Down's is trisomy 21; trisomy 13 is Patau syndrome :)." ]

[ "Every time you make a copy of a cell, there is a chance for errors. For example when you photocopy a first print, it is pretty crisp and close to the original, but there are a few minor discrepencies. Now if you photocopy the copy, it gets more distorted, and so on until some letters get hard to read, it gets difficult to discern a comma from a period, etc. Add to this, that our cells have a thing called telomeres, which cap off the ends of our DNA. Think of it like the period at the end of a sentence. Well each time you make a copy, that period gets a little smaller, and smaller, until its gone and then your DNA can't copy properly anymore, because it doesn't know where to end. So your cells get confused about the information on those strands of DNA, like trying to read a page of a book with no periods at all!" ]

[ "The tipping point for Twitter's popularity was the 2007 South by Southwest Interactive (SXSWi) conference. During the event, Twitter usage increased from 20,000 tweets per day to 60,000. The Twitter team cleverly placed two 60-inch plasma screens in the conference hallways, exclusively streaming Twitter messages. Hundreds of conference-goers kept tabs on each other via constant tweets. Panelists and speakers mentioned the service, and the bloggers in attendance touted it. Twitter staff received the festival's Web Award prize with the remark \"we'd like to thank you in 140 characters or less. And we just did!\"." ]

[ "When you suck on a straw, it isn't the suction pulling the milk shake up. It's the weight of the column of air above the milkshake, extending into space pushing down on top of the milk shake as air pressure. All you did by sucking was remove the weight of air on top of the milkshake straw that was holding it down. Rockets use a concept called momentum conservation. The best way to explain it is to get in something that can roll very easily, like a chair on coasters or a skateboard or on ice skates, and throw something heavy in one direction. You should move in the opposite direction. Usually we don't notice this while throwing because our feet have enough traction with the ground to push the other way. Since momentum is conserved, if you push mass in one direction, your body should move in the opposite direction. So all Rockets are doing is taking fuel and oxidizer, burning it, and using that energy to push it out the bottom as fast as possible, which makes the rocket go in the other direction." ]

[ "It's due to anxiety and stress. Good public speakers learn to overcome the anxiety and train their mannerisms to get over the anxiety/stress responses. But, most people have some stress when they present to large groups of people. The more practice you have with it and the more confidence you have the easier it is to present without showing signs of anxiety." ]

[ "Simply put - Because of our stupid stupid brains. Humans have big brains. Big brains take time to grow. In reality it takes 20-25 years for our brains to fully develop. But, as any woman who has given birth will tell you, 9 months of growth is already cutting it reeeeeaaaaalllllyyyy close to being able to punch the baby out of the womb without killing the mother. So we pay a price. We can't walk because our brain hasn't fully developed that yet. But what we do have is all basic functionality and 18 years of childhood where we can develop without fear. Most other animals don't have that. If you aren't able to run from birth... you are food." ]

[ "I guess I'll prepare for the downvotes. It is true that the executive branch can have certain discretion in some things. However, regarding the deadlines, these are written into the ACA as \"HHS *shall* do such and such by such and such a date.\" This leaves no legal room for discretion. When the president decides to do it anyway, the issue is that the legal recourse that Congress has is iffy, as is the question of who might have standing to sue and therefore stop the violation of the law." ]

[ "The courts basically said that brexit cannot go forward under the stewardship of Theresa May, Prime Minister of Britain, without the consent of Parliament. In other words, the UK government made a non-binding referendum for the people to vote in, that said \"do you want to stay in the EU or leave?\" the leave campaign won the most votes, and the government started to draw up plans to leave. Now the court has said \"that's not enough, you need Parliament's vote too.\" Parliament is the legislative body of the UK government. So the vote taken by the people alone is not considered sufficient." ]

[ "As an aside, Italy has been seen as the 'white flag waving surrender monkey' for a lot longer than the French. The Italians made terrible soldiers, and this stereotype was even played out in Soviet Union/Communist films (for example \"How I Unleashed the Second World War\", a 60s Polish film)." ]

[ "This is a pretty common question here; here's some links from the FAQ: _URL_2_ _URL_4_ and a few others that have been posted over the years: _URL_3_ _URL_1_ _URL_0_ Most posts agree that it is largely a post-war pop phenomenon with fairly little evidence to support it." ]

[ "So guys can plug in their electric razors. This is potentially valuable on long flights or overnight flights." ]

[ "In most places, there are few laws regulating what prices a retail store can charge. They charge what the market will bear, and with a captive market it will bear a lot more than normal. Keep in mind that most such shops have a high overhead, since they have to pay special fees to the airport operator to sell in the airport." ]

[ "Pigments absorb some colors and reflect others. Mix a bunch of different ones together and it ends up absorbing most of the color and then reflecting some of the light so you get a dark mass of brown" ]

[ "Make yourself a glass of chocolate milk using one teaspoon of chocolate. Now using that same teaspoon, remove the chocolate from the milk." ]

[ "A very succinct response would be that Fourier series are discrete sums and thus can only produce waveforms that are ultimately periodic. Fourier transforms are continuous integrals and thus don't require the shape to have some periodicity." ]

[ "Say you have a banana and an apple. How many ways can you arrange those on a table? You can put the banana on the table. You can put the apple on the table. You can put both on the table, or you can put none of them on the table. There are four ways total that you can arrange these fruits. This represents 2 to the power of 2, which is 4. Now say you don't have an apple and a banana. There is only one way to arrange the table. It's that fourth option where there is nothing on the table. This represents 2 to the power of 0, which is 1." ]

[ "To some degree, the FBI is independent of the Office, the director of the FBI is appointed to a 10 year term, to reduce the power the president has over the FBI. Long term appointments like given to Hoover will never happen again. Then there's the reality that the FBI still needs the president and congress's support to get funding and legislation, so that does have some limitations to the power the FBI has." ]

[ "Hi there -- while we've approved this question, we would like to remind potential respondents of our [current events](_URL_0_) (AKA \"20-year\") rule -- it's fine to discuss events through 1997 (inclusive) and their effects, but not events after 1997. Thanks!" ]

[ "While they are tied, there is a lag between the time the crude is purchased, transported, refined, stored, distributed and eventually hits your local gas pump. Of course stations seem to raise prices immediately upon increase of crude prices while only lowering prices once lower cost crude has worked its way through the system." ]

[ "Federal student aid is a cash cow for colleges. For many colleges, this is their main source of income. The amount an individual can get in federal student aid and other subsidies is actually very high, so colleges often set their tuition costs to be around the maximum a student can get in federal student aid. This drives up the costs as those who are paying without assistance have to pay the same inflated price too. It's all about the student aid. I used to work at a college and that is basically all they cared about. Almost every meeting was about how to maximize federal aid, they rarely ever actually focused on education. Edit:clarification" ]

[ "This is a severely autistic child. A child with this level (presumably) of autism might not eat _at all_ without a physical intervention. At severe levels the neurologic development that you'd hope would suppress resistance to interaction in favor of consumption of getting to eat just isn't happening. So...\"no matter how dire\" can literally mean \"child dies\". In order to work through higher levels of therapy a child must have nourishment, and must be alive." ]

[ "The dental plaque on Neadnerthal teeth shows evidence of plant grains that have been cooked: > Here we report direct evidence for Neanderthal consumption of a variety of plant foods, in the form of phytoliths and starch grains recovered from dental calculus of Neanderthal skeletons from Shanidar Cave, Iraq, and Spy Cave, Belgium. ... Many of the grass seed starches showed damage that is a distinctive marker of cooking. --_URL_0_" ]

[ "In a cavity, yes. This happens in your microwave oven." ]

[ "Your microwave oven is pushing several hundred watts into a pretty small enclosed space. It's not transmitting heat -- it's exciting water molecules in your frozen burrito. Your Wi-Fi access point is pushing less than a watt and scattering it in all directions, which is why it will do nothing to your burrito." ]

[ "It's not initially human fat. Everything we eat is broken down by enzymes into smaller bits. Proteins become amino acids, and fats become glycerol and fatty acids (sugars just become another kind of sugar). Any of those can be used by cells to make energy. The thing about fatty acids is that if they're not used by our cells to make ATP at the time we eat and digest, they can simply become fat in our body when they are moved to our existing fat cells." ]

[ "Because the paths between your nose/mouth and stomach/lungs all intersect at one point and there's a flap that moves based on whether you want stuff to go to your stomach or lungs. You can't do both because of the nature of the flap. It's either the esophagus or the trachea." ]

[ "All proteins have to be denatured in order to be used. Your body cannot absorb whole proteins, instead it absorbs the component parts of proteins called amino acids and then build its own proteins from them." ]

[ "It has to do with training a type of muscle fiber, called intrafusal muscle fibers, that monitor the length of your muscles. These fibers are specialized types of muscle cells that send signals back to your spinal cord and brain. Their primary purpose is to prevent tearing of the muscles from overextension. By stretching your muscles, you are essentially \"resetting\" the intrafusal muscle fibers and allowing your muscles to move further than before. This is a slow process, and takes a while before any significant changes are made." ]

[ "Yes, and in fact, there are candidates for this! [Macholtz 1](_URL_0_) is a comet with a highly eccentric orbit that is believed to be from another solar system. The way you can tell is its chemical composition from spectroscopy is *really* weird for a comet- way less carbon, and way more of some other unusual elements. There was only one other comet ever observed like that, [Yanaka 1988r](_URL_1_), which may also be from an interstellar origin." ]

[ "I can't speak for all items, but guns and uniforms were common war trophies. Soldiers were permitted to bring back captured small arms and uniforms and other similar items. A token form had to be filled out, but this was not always enforced. Generally, this was just a permission to possess the captured arm. Here is an [example ]( _URL_0_) of capture papers for a revolver that is typical of the required paperwork." ]

[ "Gravity is NOT described by the simple equation that Newton came up with and that you included in your post; that equation is an approximation that works reasonably well when dealing with situations like the Earth orbiting the Sun. The description from general relativity can be summed up as 16 equations which describe the relationship between the geometry of space-time and the energy/matter content of the universe. Included in the energy/matter content is the pressure. When one works out the equation, it turns out that pressure (which one might think of as something pushing out) actually contribute to the overall attraction. Tension on the other hand (which one thinks of as pulling things) turns out to \"push\" out. (this is all greatly simplified.) It's very counterintuitive but, in all situations where we have been able to perform actual measurements, it has been verified." ]

[ "The Schwarzchild solution describes the vacuum outside of a spherically symmetric mass distribution. So if you drew a big sphere around a large enough part of the universe and removed all of the mass outside it, that would be sphere with radius smaller than the Schwarchild radius. But since there is mass outside any sphere you draw, the Schwarchild solution is invalid. Instead, for a homogenous isotopic universe, you can use the FLRW metric, which describes an expanding or contracting universe." ]

[ "I'm a biochemist, not a physicist or engineer, but there is quite a bit of complexity here. If your goal is to lower the absolute temperature, a push/pull setup would be preferred, as a fan (or fans) drawing air in from outside on one side of the room and a fan (or fans) blowing out on the other. In fact, you could make the room a lot more comfortable by leaving these fans on at night to hopefully get the room down fairly cold so that the peak daytime temperature won't reach as high. Now, the more complicated part (and more relevant to my background) would be minimizing apparent temperature (or how hot the room feels). In this case, you'd want as much air blowing across you as possible to turnover as much of the buffer of warm air surrounding you. Additionally, any headway you could make on reducing the humidity in the room would make a huge impact on this as well (but typically is going to involve air conditioners anyways)." ]

[ "Layman here, but I think I can explain this. Take a look at this [illustration of how air flows around a cube in a wind tunnel](_URL_0_). Now, mentally replace that cube with the roof of a building. It's the same effect. Imagine instead of a building on the ground that's on fire, you have a building with no floor in a vertical wind tunnel. Air is pulled into the burning building, and the excited gases leave the building as flames, rising very quickly through the windows similar to the air flowing around the left face of the cube in the illustration. Because having the gases flowing out of the windows and going out and then straight up would create an area of higher pressure in the area surrounding the roof (look at the red bulge at the top and bottom of that image, that's the high pressure area) the flames are pulled into the low pressure area above the roof." ]

[ "I live in the U.S. so I can only speak from that perspective, but my experience as an undergraduate and graduate student here has been that the government has been able to provide me with loans. These have been enough cover my tuition costs and living expenses. That being said, unless loans taken out are subsidized (the government pays the interest while in college) there is an interest rate which increases the amount of money owed by a certain percent per year (anywhere between 5-10%). Since school costs in the tens of thousands per year and the interest rate causes it to grow, a lot of people end up with huge amounts of debt when they graduate. Huge piles of debt are hard to keep under control using most starting salaries. Thus, many people find out they couldn't afford to go to college after they already did." ]

[ "Forget galaxies, we can't even get to the nearest star in our lifetimes. But that doesn't prevent us from seeing it. I think the confusion might be because you can't see far away destininations on earth. The reason you can't see far away destinations on earth is because the curve of the earth is in the way. Let's pretend there are two ants on the surface of a sphere. The further away from each other they crawl, the harder it becomes for them to see each other. That's exactly what's happening on earth. The farther away from us something becomes, the harder it is to see. But when we're talking about stars or other galaxies, nothing prevents us from seeing them because nothing is getting in the way. Sure they look smaller as they get farther away and their light gets fainter, but they never disappear completely. That's why we can zoom in on these stars and take their picture." ]

[ "They are part of a eukaryotic organism. Red blood cells begin life with the full complement of organelles, including a nucleus and mitochondria, but our red blood cells shed their organelles during maturation." ]

[ "Because (partially) the Constitution outlaws any sort of nobility: > Article I, Section 9, Clause 8: > > No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States: and no person holding any office of profit > or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, > office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. By the time the U.S. became independent, indeed long before, \"county\" had simply become an administrative term in Britain, completely unrelated to the original title, as \"Count\" was never a title held in the various Kingdoms of England, Scotland, or Ireland to begin with. Duchies, Earldoms, and Baronies were, by contrast, actually regions ruled by men of those various titles. This obviously wasn't going to be carried over to the U.S." ]

[ "For starters, pornography has special restrictions about records that have to be maintained to prove age and consent to appear. Also, depending on the scenario, the subject would have the expectation of privacy and control over commercial use of their likeness. That's why you generally have to sign a release when you're posing for a real photographer." ]

[ "What you are suggesting is roughly in line with the hypothesis that viruses trace [their origins](_URL_1_) to escaped [transposons](_URL_0_). Transposons are selfish genetic elements that either \"copy and paste\" or \"cut and paste\" themselves into new places in the genome. They are similar to viruses in a number of ways, and thus the speculation that they share a common ancestor. It *seems*, at least in principle, that what you are suggesting *could* happen. But whether it actually *has* or not, I don't think we know. This is an active area of research, about which I unfortunately know far less than I would like to." ]

[ "There would have been a run on the banks, people would have lost even more than they did. There would be a severe lack of fluid cash. A few more banks would collapse taking with them pensions, retirement funds, and basic accounts. The government would have been on the hook to pay out the citizens anyways from the collapse. We'd be trying to claw our way out of a major depression still. There would have been a major war in the middle east again, \"hey WW2 took us out of depression!\" or major public spending under Obama. And it could have even been good for us in the long run, if we persecuted the people responsible we may have seen banking reform, an understanding of what it means to be poor / destitute. But I guess we won't know." ]

[ "Farmers can be their own worst enemy. They want to grow as many crops as they possible can. The problem is when they all have a good year, there is an oversupply, prices plummet, and they all lose out. The gov't tries to fix this with subsidies. They either pay farmer not to grow when it looks like there will be an oversupply, or they guarantee a minimum price for the crops, and make up any difference with tax money. This might be a good idea to help out Farmer Bob and his family, but many farms are owned by corporations, who don't need the help, and are better able to manipulate the system. There are people who get paid millions in gov't money to not grow crops." ]

[ "Follow up, if this warrant a new post please tell me: How did politicians and the general public react when they found out these companies were aiding Nazi forces in WW2?" ]

[ "Sometimes it's a marketing reason, and sometimes it's copyright or trademark law. For example, back in the 1960s, Ford wanted to export the Mustang to Germany. However, a German company, Krupp, was already using the name \"Mustang\" on a line of delivery trucks. Because Krupp already had the rights to use the name \"Mustang\" on a vehicle in Germany, Ford had to [re-badge its car as the \"T5\" when sold in Germany](_URL_0_)." ]

[ "I'd like to extend this with a question as well. If they aren't, why do they feel fear when something attacks them?" ]

[ "For an interesting academic read on the subject, see Painter and Lotz's book *Phenomenology and the Non-Human Animal*, which is the most oft cited resource on the subject of animal interiors. [You can read the fulltext here and download as a PDF.](_URL_2_) People who study this, Phenomenologists (in the realm of psychology specifically), often build on the work of 20th century philosopher [Martin Heidegger](_URL_3_), especially his major work [*Being and Time*](_URL_0_). If you don't have a lot of time to explore this topic, at least give this one-hour podcast from WNYC's Radiolab a listen: [Animal Minds](_URL_1_). It's really engaging and will give you an introduction to some of the major ideas in phenomenology, including human/animal intercommunication." ]

[ "Not all parts of the web are sticky. *If I remember right* (since I'm too lazy to google it right now) the radial stands (the straight ones from the middle out) are not sticky. The circular strands are. The spider just walks on the radial strands" ]

[ "This is like asking \"why does a fire burn itself out - what's the point of using up all the fuel if it can't sustain itself?\"." ]

[ "Sure. Everything has its antiparticle unless it is its own antiparticle (like the Z boson), and every known particle has a superpartner, that includes antiparticles. The Higgs sector gets more complicated. You get at least one pair of Higgs bosons and three that are their own antiparticle - and their superpartners." ]

[ "you'll be looking for larger scale-structure than just galaxies, or even clusters--but some researchers are trying to tie the development of some very large scale structures (\"filaments\") to the anisotropies in the CMB. _URL_0_" ]

[ "So there are a few mechanisms at work. Stars will make a lot of elements up to Iron by fusion. However, the heavier elements only get made in the center of the star, so you end up with this layered effect where the center of the star might have lots of iron in it, but the outer parts 'stop' at lower weight elements. Stars can make some heavier elements through neutron capture. Basically all that fusion going on in the star results in lots of extra neutrons flying around. Those neutrons get captured by heavy elements in the star until the element gets unstable and undergoes beta decay. Beta decay changes the element to a 'heavier' one. So you do that enough you can make some heavier elements. Some heavy elements are only made in really energetic situations, mostly supernova. The supernova basically smashes all sorts of things together and produces elements that wouldn't normally be formed by the star. There is a nice chart showing what is made by which process on Wikipedia. _URL_0_" ]

[ "Imagine the atoms in a magnet as little arrows. When manufacturing magnets, all of the arrows are arranged In one direction. This is done because it makes the arrows useful. ⬅️⬅️ ⬅️⬅️ These arrows don't like to all go in the same, linear direction. This is because they don't like their tips touching, or even getting near each other. As you can see, when they are all going in one direction, the arrow tips are very close the ones above. The arrows don't like this, and only want to be near the end of another arrow. This makes the arrows unhappy, so they become unstable and want to move. When the arrows are in a position they enjoy, they become happy. When they are happy they are stable and don't want to move. ↙️ ↖️ ↘️↗️ Because the arrows are so closely packed it is hard for them to rearrange in a way that makes them happy. One thing that makes this easier is when they are hot. This gives the arrows the energy and wiggle room they need to point at something they like." ]

[ "Planned parenthood is not selling baby parts to anyone. Planned parenthood donates the remains of abortions, with consent of the women who underwent these procedures, to various medical facilities who use these tissues for medical testing and research. They are not sold, as that is not legal, but the facilities that receive these tissues do make donations to Planned Parenthood to cover the cost of transport and handling, which is legal." ]

[ "Craigslist charges for businesses to post 'For Sale' ads in many large markets. Also, always remember that on the internet, if you are not the customer, you are the product. CL collects and sells metric a**loads of data from everybody who visits the site. Place an ad? Browse ads? Respond? All activity gives a lot of data for them to sell." ]

[ "Just found this on Robert Caro: [_URL_0_](_URL_0_) & #x200B;" ]

[ "Are you talking about the Lloyd deMause style of psychohistory? If so, you are surely aware that it is highly controversial? I realise this isn't really an answer, I just wanted to make sure first that we are talking about the same thing." ]

[ "Possibly, but its going to be dependant upon a variety of factors. Some breeds, like Huskies, love the cold weather, and are fine staying outside if they're comfortable with it. Other breeds, with shorter coats or from warmer climates would be totally unprepared for the cold, and probably wouldn't survive the night. Issue two is shelter. It's one thing for a big furry dog to spend the night in a cave or doghouse, its quite another for it to sleep on bare ground in cold temperatures. Issue three is local laws. If the law says leaving your dog out in below freezing temperatures is abuse, then legally speaking its abuse, and arguments about cost length probably aren't going to make the ticket go away." ]

[ "Seasons are the result of the tilt of the Earth. Earth spins on a slight angle compared to the circle of its orbit around the Sun. This means that at different times of year, the poles are pointed towards or away from the Sun. This affects how much daylight the poles get, with the impact decreasing as you get towards the equator. In the Winter time, the pole is pointed away from the sun, so days are shorter, there is less sunlight and the weather gets colder. In the Summer time, the pole is pointed toward the sun, so days are longer, there is more sunlight and temperatures rise. When the North Pole is pointed towards the sun, it means the South Pole must be pointed away from the sun and vice versa." ]

[ "Mostly it's because you have a different mentality for \"work\" activities versus \"not work\" activities, the fundamental difference in the way you think about these activities are work activities are being forced upon you to do while not work activities are activities you choose to do (presumably). It is very very difficulty to get out of this mentality, but if you can trick yourself into thinking you want to do work activities it can help, at least to an extent. However, studies have shown that as soon as you start paying somebody for an activity, even if it is something they love to do and would do constantly without being paid, all of a sudden they enjoy it less. We just don't like work." ]

[ "Because the animal inside you activates and you engage in \"Predator\" mode, doing everything in order to secure food and guarantee the survival of your species." ]

[ "[This figure should help explain it.](_URL_0_) A shows 4 waves each with different frequencies and C shows what you get when you combine those waves together. (Ignore B and D). A combination of different sound waves creates a single wave with a unique pattern. So instead of a speaker moving in and out by same amount (wave amplitude) at a steady rate (wave frequency) it does a mixture of varying amplitude and frequency to create one sound wave that sounds like what you get when you combine lots of different sounds. Imagine you ear as the reverse of the speaker. Just like a single speaker can make the combined wave (like shown in C), when a combination of sounds hits your eardrum it will move in and out in a complicated pattern that matches the single wave you get when you add those sounds together. Your eardrum is just a speaker in reverse. Edit: Forgot to mention ears." ]

[ "Basically, the human eye has something similar to the refresh rate of a computer monitor or the shutter speed of a camera. The eye's refresh rate is something like 10-15 Hertz, meaning that on timescales shorter than ~0.1 seconds, things blur together. So if you're driving past a fence, there might be several of the wooden slats as well as the slits between which all get put into the same image in your retina. So you've got an image that's composed partly of fence and partly of the stuff behind the fence. Since the fence is all the same color, it basically has the effect of adding a brown hue to what you're seeing. The image of the yard behind the fence is superimposed on that brown hue. Similarly, imagine taking a several-second exposure with a camera. If a person is standing in the field of view for part but not all of the exposure, they will show up on the film as a sort of ghostly transparent person. It's the same principle." ]

[ "Rainbows are the result of refraction of light through droplets of water in the air. This only happens at specific angles for certain wavelengths of light, making the separate regions of colors in the rainbow. As the light source is the sun, the possible angles at which the rainbow can form are offset from the sun some distance and of course form a circle." ]

[ "Depends on the antenna, some antennas try to send the signal in all directions, some try to put it in a very small beam, most try for omnidirectional or close to it. The way the antenna transmits the signal is called it's [beam/radiation pattern](_URL_0_). Google that term for lots of pretty pictures of what real antennas look like. Some wifi stations also use multiple antennas and a signal processor to create a phased array of antennas to make a virtual antenna (this is actually part of the 802.11n spec). The interference pattern can make an array of antennas act as one directional antenna, but it's done in software so the base station can quickly repoint the antenna to another user." ]

[ "The government of the US was formed around the time of the enlightenment, a philosophical movement that among other things, taught that people had natural, inherent rights. It was the first major modern government formed on these principles, and a lot of other developed countries followed suit." ]

[ "This CGP Grey video does a really good job of explaining it all. _URL_3_" ]

[ "Sleep is one of the things we still don’t understand very well. We know what not sleeping does to us, but the best we can tell about why we ‘need’ sleep is to ‘recharge’ and ‘rejuvenate’ and maybe clears toxins. It also speeds up some processes that occur while awake like healing and forming memories. But the primary reason we sleep, is to cure the feeling of being tired. Basically we know that not sleeping has harmful effects, and that sleeping fixes it, but we don’t really know why, biologically." ]

[ "you're not building muscle when you lift. You're actually causing microscopic tears in your muscle fibers. When you rest your body repairs these tears and makes your muscles a bit stronger to protect from them tearing again." ]

[ "A recent study I can't find right now actually showed that, absent environmental effects, men and women should live equally long. The difference is that men tend to engage in more risks, which can lead to early death, and until recently tended to smoke way more. Since smoking has started to drop in the US, the difference between men and women has shrunk somewhat as a result." ]

[ "You mean like giant tortoises, which live to be over 150? Or deep sea perch that can live to be over 140? Or Glass Sponges that live to be over 10,000 years old?" ]

[ "You're adopted. Or it could be that you aren't just made of of half what each parent looks like, you have tall genes in your family somewhere and they just happened to surface for you." ]

[ "Evolution. People who didn't get that weird feeling when dangling their limbs from the trees they were sleeping on were killed by cheetahs." ]

[ "The Gipper was good at delivering speeches, and looking good on camera. However, his actual understanding of political issues was often superficial. The reason he was so well liked is that he was very successful at projecting a mythology of America as strong and righteous, that was very appealing to the public after the self-doubt and disillusionment of the 1970s." ]

[ "If Jesus is never explicitly stated as a carpenter, how did this myth come about?" ]

[ "The velocity addition formula isn't relevant. What reconciles this is that time dilation of the traveler in the Earth's reference frame manifests as [length contraction](_URL_0_) in the traveler's frame. So in that frame, the traveler won't see themselves covering 0.86 light year in 6 months. Rather, they see themselves travelling only 0.43 light years in those 6 months (i.e., checking with Earth they'll still see it recede at 0.86c). Be really careful when calculating speeds - you need to make sure that you are using numbers from the proper reference frame. In dividing 0.86 light years by 6 months, you're using the distance measured from one frame, and time measured from another." ]

[ "They just do. All massless objects travel at c in vacuum. It's the default. They don't get \"a boost\". In QFT no detail is put into how they are created, they are just emitted or absorbed in an instant. When they are emitted they propagate at c. This turns out to be an accurate model of reality. Any set of observers moving at constant velocities relative to the emitter see the photon traveling at c. This is one of the principles of relativity (and the reason why no reference frame exists where a photon is at rest). They don't have \"eternal life\" btw. I feel where you are going is the idea of time for a photon - no such thing exists. A photon doesn't have a frame where it is at rest (so you can't view things from a photon's perspective), hence you can't define time along the world line of a photon (ie what would a clock comoving with the object show), so it doesn't make sense to talk about time in this context." ]

[ "How about, \"America is lazier?\" Up until the mid 2000s, manual transmissions were cheaper and got better gas mileage. It was a \"luxury\" option, much like cruise control and or power windows. That's also why Manuals are often called \"standard\" (in comparison to the \"optional\" automatic). In the mid 2000s, technology improved so that automatics were just as efficient if not moreso efficient than manuals. FWIW, Japan has the highest adoption of automatics." ]

[ "It is a modern, literary and cinemagraphic convention. Northern Europe had traditions involving both werewolves and the walking dead. Vampires are a specific variety (drawing on a Balkan tradition), which thrive in literature more than the generic, trouble-making walking dead of Northern Europe. Little actually distinguished the Balkan walking dead from those of Northern Europe, but literature has emphasized the role of drinking blood - a bit more than one might find in the actual folklore. The real concern was the idea of corpses escaping the grave and walking around - which is never a good thing. The idea that people could change into the form of animals is less at home the more one goes east in Europe. It is not common in Balkans - especially when one considers how popular the stories were in western and Northern Europe." ]

[ "A lot of strength gains you make while lifting weights is due to central nervous system adaptions. Your brain learns how to use your muscles more efficiently. It's pretty common that these adaptions are made more quickly in the dominant arm." ]

[ "Its Known as a meander, there are some great examples on the wiki page so im not gonna type them up, but [this picture](_URL_1_) shows how gradually the outside of the bend of the river erodes faster than the inside... water obviously erodes the outside of the bend faster then the inside since the water travels slower on the inside (and hence less erosion) the whole [article is here](_URL_0_), there are some amazing pics there too hope this answers your question" ]

[ "It's more accurate to say that the bacteria you're trying to treat will grow resistant to the antibiotic, not that the person becomes resistant to the drug. If bacteria grows resistant to antibiotics, it will develop into a strain that can't be treated with medication any more - which means that any symptoms that that bacteria cause in you will get worse and will no longer be fixed by prescriptions. One of the biggest and more immediate problems with taking too many antibiotics is that it kills all the good bacteria in your gut that helps you process food, however. This makes it really difficult to have normal digestion, which can cause really bad (and sometimes fatal) cases of diarrhea. Sometimes when this happens, that good bacteria will then eventually become resistant to the antibiotic and will come back in a form that's no longer helpful to you and begins to hurt you as much as bad bacteria would." ]

[ "Excellent, I was rewriting my population genetics notes last night. Since I'm typing on a phone, the short of it is that there are limits to artificial selection. After enough selection, you'll reach the limits of variation for the trait you originally selected for, and while they ARE smarter than before, you'll find your mice can't get any smarter without introducing a new gene to their population [edit: ie, by mutation]. There will be certain genes in humans that give us our advantage in intelligence (such as FOXP2) that mice will not possess (not that I can check for FOXP2 right now) that your starting population of mice simply won't have in their gene pool to be selected for. I can say more and link to sources once I get to a computer, but here's my answer for now." ]

[ "Gravity. The Romans had a massive system of aqueducts that channeled water from the hills into the city. Fountains were necessary lest pressure from a little extra rain rupture pipes and overflow culverts. Most fountains were little more than holes that spurted into a basin, but others became great works of art." ]

[ "Your question is like: > Why do people keep telling me to take a pill my doctor prescribes when in ye olden days people didn't have access to the same pills? Clean water is way easier to get now than it was then. Since you have access to clean water you should use it. In the same way, getting a doctor to prescribe a pill is way easier now than it was then. Since you have access to the doctor and the pill you should use it. Plus beer now isn't the same as so-called [small beer](_URL_0_). They drank small beer back then which didn't have much alcohol. So, yeah, back then their best choice was often to drink low-alcohol beer because clean water wasn't easily available. But you have access to clean water which is way better at the job." ]

[ "It is incorrect to think that all rivers are fed by surface runoff from rain. Most rivers are primarily fed by groundwater (which is formed from the infiltration of rainwater, not necessarily near the stream, but possibly hundreds of miles away). These are calling \"gaining streams\" and are continually fed by the infiltration of groundwater that is at an elevation above that of the stream. You need to think of lakes, rivers and groundwater as all part of the same system to fully understand. They are always connected. Sometimes the surface water is feeding the groundwater (losing stream) and sometimes the groundwater is feeding the surface water (gaining stream). This is the same concept for lakes." ]

[ "Richard Muller's recent book \"Now: The Physics of Time\" is a great read that may provide you with fodder to appease your kid. Basically, his hypothesis is that the reason time flows from past to future is because of its necessary connection to space in the form of space-time. Because new space is being constantly being created, new time is also being created as well, because it is impossible to uncouple space and time. They are just one thing, space-time. The creation of new time, the hypothesis goes, is experienced as the flow of time toward the future. Hope that helps." ]

[ "An IP is like a phone number. It is assigned to your router much like a phone number is assigned to a phone. A Mac address is like a serial number for each device, ie your printer,photocopier etc. A static IP never changes. A dynamic IP is automatically assigned by the network. So say you connect a laptop to the network. The network assigns an IP to it. Imagine you disconnected the laptop and connected a phone. That phone might be assigned the IP of the laptop so if you connect the laptop at the same time it will need a new IP. Hope this sort of explains a bit." ]

[ "Whomever they left them to in their will. Intellectual Property rights are just that, property. You can buy, sell, and trade them. When you die, they are part of your estate, just like your car, and somebody gets them. Often, they are sold and somebody gets the money." ]

[ "Because it's not a chance of YOU having a birthday the same as 1 single person sample size (1/365). It's the chance of ANY 2 people in the room (of 23 in the most common example) having the same birthday." ]

[ "pick one door. then before anything is opened, do you want the one you picked or the other two? That is essentially the question. Monty knows which door has the big prize and never reveals that one. Try this. there are 100 doors. you pick one. ( say it's #29.) Monty knows what door it is. He the opens 1,2,3, . . . 28, skips your choice of 29, then 30,31,31....53,(skips 54), 55,56, . . . , 100. Now you have a choice. do you want your original 29 or do you want 54? I hope that helps." ]

[ "Humans are excellent endurance runners. Way back in the stone age humans routinely killed prey animals by chasing them to death, picking up their dead bodies, and carrying them back to camp. Lots of animals, and cars, can go much faster when optimized for burst speed. But humans can run faster, longer, than the animals we used to eat." ]

[ "Look at it like a phone and charger. If you put a load of energy into the phone (more than it's rated for), it'll do serious damage almost immediately. If you use an underrated charger, it'll put only a little energy in, but the phone will use more than it's getting and eventually die. Heat is just a form of energy, and your body needs just a certain amount. Too much and it'll damage you, quickly. Too little and eventually, when demand outstrips supply, it'll start to die." ]

[ "It is rain. Take Niagara Falls. It drains the upper portion of the [St. Lawrence Watershed](_URL_0_). Most every drop of rain that falls in Michigan or southern Ontario is going to find its way to Niagara Falls. So if it rains one inch, that one inch across maybe a quarter of a million square miles, all of that funneling through about a half mile wide gorge." ]

[ "Most of our blood sits in our veins. Our veins (from the heart down) have one way valves in them that prevent back flow and help blood get back to our heart without pooling at our feet. However, these valves are not present above the heart because we have gravity to pull the blood back. This means when you hang upside down the blood can pool in the veins in your head, yikes!" ]

[ "The process is called [hematopoesis](_URL_0_). There are two main steps: first, hematopoetic stem cells (HSC) proliferate, and second, the HSC differentiate into red blood cells, white blood cells, and many other components of blood. The red blood cell production rate is the rate at which HSC are turned into RBCs. What is interesting here is that the tissue in your body controls how fast this takes place. If your body senses that it is low on oxygen, it sends signals into the bloodstream that increase the rate of HSC-to-RBC maturation. Specifically, the kidneys sense this change and secrete [erythropoietin](_URL_1_). This is one reason why many athletes train at high altitude - it tricks your body into thinking you need more RBCs! Also, erythropoietin, or EPO, is a banned performance enhancing drug in most sports." ]

[ "The population of the US, and almost every country is growing, so more people need more money. They also destroy damaged money every year, and have to replace it. The federal reserve will keep a supply of extra bills, and send them to banks when needed. If they are running low on cash, they order more from the mint or the Bureau of Engraving and printing." ]

[ "There are titles which are traditionally associated with the royal family but titles are not in finite supply. The monarch can easily issue letters patent for any new title they wish at any time as the monarch acts as the fount of honour. There has been an informal policy of so called economy in place whereby the British monarchy is making fewer royal peers than they have in the past so it's entirely possible that not all of William's children will be granted peerages. Assuming they are granted and none of the current Dukedoms have reverted to the crown then there is a long list of titles which have been historically granted to children of monarchs which could be granted again (e.g.: Clarence, Albany, Sussex, Cumberland) but it's just as possible that a new title might be created such as in the case of the Earl of Wessex or any other title that might be associated with the individual in question." ]

[ "Sometimes it's a marketing reason, and sometimes it's copyright or trademark law. For example, back in the 1960s, Ford wanted to export the Mustang to Germany. However, a German company, Krupp, was already using the name \"Mustang\" on a line of delivery trucks. Because Krupp already had the rights to use the name \"Mustang\" on a vehicle in Germany, Ford had to [re-badge its car as the \"T5\" when sold in Germany](_URL_0_)." ]

[ "Yes! There certainly were ancient coin collectors. One of the best known was Augustus who kept coins as curios for himself and gave them out as gifts (what better gift than money right?). Coin collecting is known as the hobby of kings because so many had royal coin cabinets which displayed coins. One way that we are able to identify coin collections from just hoards are the wide variety of coins found." ]

[ "I saw a segment in a Louis Theroux documentary about a guy who makes a living 'mining' gold on/in the sidewalks of NYC. He'd dig in the cracks of the sidewalk and find little bits of gold, diamonds and other precious metals/stones that had been dropped over the years and ground into the dirt. Apparently he made a living selling it. It was pretty crazy." ]

[ "The curvature of spacetime is not really akin to a curved line/plane in any sense. The curved line/plane you are imagining is still embedded in some nominally flat space (your living room, or a sheet of paper). Curvature of spacetime (and more generally curvature of (pseudo-)Riemannian spaces) has a more technical meaning (that the Riemann tensor is non-zero). The net result of this is that if you go around a small region of curved space, you end up not facing the direction you started facing. In particular, the angle of deviation is proportional to the area of the region you encircled and the value of the Riemann tensor inside this region." ]

[ "You should read up about the [Ehrenfest paradox](_URL_0_). It is indeed true that if you spin solid objects fast enough they do indeed have to deform, eventually falling apart." ]

[ "In the early universe, there were neutrons that existed outside of atomic nuclei and not in strong gravitational fields like neutron stars. With no stabilising force, they decayed into protons. Neutrons are composed of two down quarks and an up quark, while protons are composed of two up quarks and a down quark. Down quarks are slightly more massive than up quarks and will decay into them unless stabilised. One down quark in a neutron decays into an up quark,and this is what turns the neutron into a proton. If I recall correctly, the mass lost is emitted as an electron." ]

[ "> because each flavor has a different mass The flavors don’t have well-defined masses. There are three mass eigenstates and three flavor eigenstates. But a neutrino or a given mass is a superposition of all three flavors, and a neutrino of a given flavor is a superposition of all three masses. If the flavors had different, well-defined masses, they wouldn’t oscillate. As for why the wave packet doesn’t spread out, actually it does a little bit. If the neutrino has a given energy, the group velocities of the different mass eigenstates are different. But since the neutrino masses are so small, neutrinos are usually always moving at approximately c anyway." ]

[ "Whenever you see that rainbow surface, there is usually some interference going on. Which means that you have a thin film of something and light rays of different wave lengths are reflected in such a way that some wave lengths are canceled out depending on the angle you look at it. Another example would be oil on water. I don't know what exactly it is that you see on this crystal. _URL_0_" ]

[ "Ken Jordan's group at Pitt does a *ton* with different ice forms. Here's a link to his group page: _URL_0_ The publications there go into a lot of detail, but here's a bit of a TL;DR: The ice that you and I typically find every day has the oxygens arranged in a hexagonal lattice, but many of the hydrogens are disordered. A lot of the other forms of ice aren't necessarily something other than a hexagonal lattice, they're just lattices with, for instance, less-disordered hydrogen atoms." ]

[ "The Wikipedia article on [Tonsure](_URL_0_) is full of interesting information, but the history of it is somewhat brief. Seems like there were originally three types of tonsure. One was done in imitation of Peter who was said to have the top of his head shaved in mockery and the tonsure was to honor him. Another was to follow James and the other Apostles. What I found particularly interesting was the idea that in the Catholic Church tonsure was a pre-requisite to receiving monastic orders and that failure to maintain your tonsure was equivalent to abandoning your order. Also (according to the Wikipedia article anyhow) various orders within the Church had differing levels of tonsure. Not really an answer to your question but at least it's some extra information." ]

[ "On this sub giving much information on school assignments is frowned upon a bit. Okay, more than a bit. But here is a resource for you. This subject is covered in detail in Mark Noll's [*The Civil War as a Theological Crisis*](_URL_0_). I hope this is at least a bit of help. There were some pretty compelling arguments." ]

[ "Nothing special about \"yogis\" doing this, if they are doing it. Nothing mystical about it. Nothing about chakras, meridians, rooting, or any of that other BS. [Here's an article you can read online](_URL_0_) Learn biofeedback. There are tons of research articles on the voluntary control of brain waves, heart rate, breathing, skin conductance, perception of pain, etc. [List of references from Wikipedia](_URL_1_)" ]

[ "Because I believe the mind has an instinctual reaction to tempo and patterns. You know when you hear someone shut off a car alarm or a phone alarm and for a few seconds after you hear it ringing in your head?" ]

[ "Perhaps this will help put it into context: You still have the potential energy to plummet towards everything in the universe that has gravity. the change in that potential is only very slight at great distances. So the potential energy in an object that has left the earth is still there." ]

[ "A) Endeavor is being moved to Los Angeles to be put on display in a museum. B) The space shuttles are pretty much flying bricks. They're meant to fall out of the sky allowing some degree of control. Their wings cannot provide the needed lift, and the engines aren't designed for forward movement through the atmosphere." ]

[ "It's a completely arbitrary cultural rule. In most western cultures, cats and dogs are pets, cows and pigs are food. In the middle east, pigs are a big no-no, but dogs are considered dirty animals too, and nobody keeps them. In India, cows wander the streets of cities and people take care of them in special shelters. In eastern asian cultures, cats and dogs are food. Completely arbitrary. Every mammal is edible once you get down to it." ]

[ "With things like cosmetics & hygeine products, we've already done an absolute shitload of testing & know which ingredients are safe. There's just not a lot of reason to test a slightly blend of ingredients X, Y & Z when you've already been selling XYZ for 20 years. Not only does it sound good, it saves you a bunch of money. With drugs, animal tests are still standard practice." ]

[ "It's an example of what is known as 'the tragedy of the commons'. In Anglo society it pretty much describes the end state of anything that is collectively owned. Nobody gives a shit about it because it's not theirs. Or to be more accurate, not enough people care and those that do not, have an overwhelming effect." ]

[ "The best way to understand it is through the account of a teacher who performed an experiment at his school, called 'The Third Wave'. It is a long read but it is worth it and gives you a much better insight than a few succinct paragraphs on ELI5 would. _URL_0_" ]

[ "[This question](_URL_8_) was asked a few months ago. I've always really liked how Sad_Scientist answered it." ]

[ "hi all. All comments so far have been removed, which have been links to rebuttals of the now-well-worn archery video. Please note that the OP is not asking about the video, or even archery: the question is regarding *other weapons*. Thanks!" ]

[ "Typically they would pillage food from the areas around them. Local farmers didn't appreciate it!" ]

[ "**If you're new to the thread, please don't post the Mythbusters episode again. Mythbusters is entertaining but it's not history (or more specifically, it's not historical proof of anything.)** The short answer is no, not that we know of. /u/davidaop, our pirate expert, and I have both answered [questions about this](_URL_0_) in the past. Unfortunately, because it's not a thing people did, there's not a canonical source saying that people didn't do it (if that makes sense); there's just an absence of evidence, into which void people throw half-baked conjecture. And Mythbusters." ]

[ "For one thing, the filter helps reduce the amount of [carbon monoxide (CO) that you inhale](_URL_1_). They also reduce the amount of [noxious compounds contained in the gas phase of cigarette smoke](_URL_2_) (e.g. nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), carbon monoxide (CO), aldehydes, trace elements and carcinogenic nitrosocompounds. So to relate those chemical compounds to \"damage done\" to your body: - Carbon monoxide can cause [carbon monoxide poisoning](_URL_0_) which can make you very sick, and even kill you at high enough concentrations/exposures. - Carcinogens are exactly what they say, they cause cancer - (some) Nitrogen oxides are corrosive and will cause respiratory damage" ]

[ "Uk Language? Pills will get you proper munted. Like out yer bonce. It'll make you think chubbers are buff and pull shapes all night. Draw makes you want to cotch. Then you get bare munch and need to smash a mint Aero and Potnoodle, maybe a maccie d's. Chang will make you Brap." ]

[ "Sugars, breads, and a protein found in milks, actually kick capsaicin off of your taste buds and take its place. Since capsaicin is the tricky little bastard that makes your tongue feel like its on fire, they effectively put the fire out." ]

[ "Neural adaption. Basically, your brain only cares about a *change* in stimuli rather than every stimulus that comes along. Your brain knows how to ignore a stimulus if it isn't changing. So, if you are tasting/feeling the same thing all the time, your brain is going to ignore it." ]

[ "We don't actually know for certain, but we have reason to believe it is likely infinite. This comes from our observations of the universe on the large scale that it is homogeneous, isotropic, and has zero spatial curvature. That is to say it is the same everywhere, has no preferred direction, and the geometry of space is Euclidean (squares have 360 degree internal angles, triangles have 180 degree internal angles, etc). Of course we cannot actually observe beyond the edges of the observable universe, by definition, but we have every reason to believe that the universe behaves the same both when we aren't looking and when we *can't* look. So likely the universe is infinite in extent and basically the same everywhere." ]

[ "This video from Sagan will help. I couldn't explain it in a better way. _URL_0_" ]

[ "They are probably outside dispersed under rocks and things. Check places that are damp. And there's always a bunch in the hosta :( Butterflies shelter from rain under leaves and in other little nooks and crannies I believe." ]

[ "YouTube videos end up fitting into two categories: a small number of videos that get watched A LOT, and a large number of videos that only get watched sometimes. Videos in the second category are stored on YouTube's big ol' server setup, but videos in the first (the popular ones) are cached on boxes at ISPs around the planet. This makes retrieving those videos MUCH quicker. Know what's also on those boxes? The ads! Because ads are also almost always regional (specific to your country and language). So if you watch a youtube clip that came from the big archive, it's able to pull an ad immediately from the local cache then has to do more work to get the one that's stored on the big archive." ]

[ "Sometimes they use fuses to \"connect\" explosives, it's possible that you saw the light of the fuse burning (there are fuses that can burn pretty quickly) and not the glow from an electrical cable." ]

[ "Elektricity is lazy and always takes thé shortest route back. Meaning from pin 1 of the taser to pin 2 of the taser" ]

[ "It's not actually happening, but it's rather a hypothetical situation where you could find it infinitely. Say the paper is 0.1mm thick. When you fold it once, it's now 0.2mm, then 0.4mm, doubling every time. If you keep on doubling that thickness enough times it will go as far as you want. So at some point it would get to the moon and eventually the end of the universe. You can't actually do that because the paper eventually stops being able to fold over itself." ]

[ "It's not been 'proven' to be a hoax because the guy hasn't let anyone see the thing in detail. His larger demonstration suffered from the same basic measurement-methodology flaws as his smaller-scale one, so they didn't add anything." ]

[ "Prior to the ability to have them removed people just lived with the pain. Keep in mind that not everyone has wisdom teeth, about 1 in 3 people don't have any. Otherwise though, it was just one of a family of dental problems that our ancestors tried to suffer through as best they could. There's an example of a [15,000 year old skeleton](_URL_0_) which shows evidence of impacted wisdom teeth." ]

[ "**If you're new to the thread, please don't post the Mythbusters episode again. Mythbusters is entertaining but it's not history (or more specifically, it's not historical proof of anything.)** The short answer is no, not that we know of. /u/davidaop, our pirate expert, and I have both answered [questions about this](_URL_0_) in the past. Unfortunately, because it's not a thing people did, there's not a canonical source saying that people didn't do it (if that makes sense); there's just an absence of evidence, into which void people throw half-baked conjecture. And Mythbusters." ]

[ "You don't die from just running out of energy - you're not a car running out of petrol. It's a combination of things like dehydration, overheating( of hypothermia if it's super cold), heart attack etc. it's is likely you would pass out before dying, but you can only rest so much without eating or drinking and if you are really really exauhsted you might just never get up and die of exposure." ]

[ "First off: there isn't all that much known about NDE's apart from anecdotal experience. Chemically, it is often said that during an NDE, there is a release of certain neurotransmitters in your brain, including the powerful psychedelic compound DMT. This is often used as the explanation of the NDE, and the effects of DMT do often correlate with those reported to happen during NDE's. The 'typical' experience often involves floating above your body and looking at yourself from above; possibly flying around and visiting relatives etc. If you want to experience similar things, try lucid dreaming, meditation and even DMT itself." ]

[ "This isn't ELI5, but near-sightedness has been on the rise since [at least the 70s](_URL_1_). In some Asian cities, myopia among youth is as high as [90%](_URL_0_). While genetics is a factor, how much sunlight you get as a child seems to be an important determinant in whether you develop eyesight problems or not. Our hunter-gatherer ancestors simply got more sunlight than we did since they spent most of their time outdoors, so there was no reason for evolution to select against those most prone to bad eyesight." ]

[ "Specializing helps with optimization. Cows can't eat meat, but their teeth and multiple stomachs are ideal for eating grass. Humans have to have sharp teeth for meat and grinding teeth for plants and our digestive system is inefficient at processing plant matter. Versatility is obviously useful, but there are trade-offs. A spork isn't as good as a fork in stabbing or as good as a spoon at scooping." ]

[ "It all depends on how dehydrated you are. As you lose water, your body automatically implements water saving measures, such as concentrating your urine. Even soda or drinks with a low percentage of alcohol become hydrating once you're already dehydrated. So, yes, ultimately the seltzer will keep you (mostly) hydrated if that's all you drink." ]

[ "Another good reason (not the only by any means) notice all those things tend to be salty and dry. Restaurants tend to make a lot of their margins on drinks, keep people drinking, keep the tab high. Why do you think free bar snacks are always things like chips, salted nuts etc?" ]

[ "One prominent theory for color perception is to recognize good food sources, for instance, young (greener) shoots and leaves, flowers. Better color discrimination improves the ability to recognize them. _URL_0_" ]

[ "Rod cells are much more sensitive than cone cells, and the periphery of your eye is much more rich in rod cells (vs. the cone cell rich center). Thus, the peripheral parts of your vision are much more sensitive to light than the center." ]

[ "You take some snake venom, and inject it into an animal, usually a sheep IIRC. The animal produces antibodies to counteract the venom. Then you draw some of its blood and extract the antibodies. Then you can inject that stuff into someone who's been envenomed and now they have the antibodies to fight it off. You can also effectively immunize yourself by introducing small doses of venom and building up your own antibody supply. This is sometimes done by people who deal with venomous animals for a living, but since it takes weeks/months/years to build up immunity a fat lot of good it does for anyone who just got bit for the first time." ]

[ "Xenotransfusion has been attempted in the 1600s, with mixed results, with sheep blood. Ape and chimp blood might work, as would pig blood as they all have similar Rh factors. Source: _URL_0_ Also, dog to cat transfusions can be done, bit only once as the cat will make antibodies to the blood. Also, apes, dogs, cats, and birds all have blood types." ]

[ "The steam is not radioactive. Per TEPCO and many other experts, the steam is the same steam we've been seeing for over a year now. It is rainwater and moisture that leaks past the drywell shield plugs and makes contact with the drywell head, which is still somewhat hot (40-50Celsius). In cold conditions like winter, this makes it appear to be steaming. It is not an indication of a 'meltdown' (which is no longer physically possible due to the reduction in decay heat loads)." ]

[ "The Spanish did have a land trade route over the Isthumus of Panama. It was successful and saw most of the gold and silver mined in Peru and Bolivia cross it on the way to Spain. In the 1850's, Cornellius Vanderbilt carried people by steamship to Panama, had them cross the Isthumus, and take another steamboat to California. This route was used by more \"Forty-Niners\", joining the California Gold-rush, than the longer route around Cape Horn. Most of the Forty-niners went by ship, and San Francisco harbour was soon clogged with abandoned boats, as not only did the passengers rush off to the gold fields, most of the ship crews joined them. A 47 mile long railroad accross the isthumus openned in January, 1855. The Spanish road dates back to the 1530's." ]

[ "Yes, the high blood pressure itself will cause damage to the blood vessels due to the increased shear stress. This occurs over years of untreated hypertension, and results in vascular disease that can affect all organs, but commonly heart, kidneys, brain, eyes. This vascular disease is irreversible (more or less). There is also hypertrophy of the heart muscle than can occur due to the chronic high pressure, and this is a harmful adaptation. The vascular damage occurs over years to decades of untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. This is why long term BP control is important. Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, and will cause vascular disease even in the absence of other risk factors like smoking, diabetes, and hypercholesterolaemia." ]

[ "In general, you can't sue a foreign country. However, US law effectively says that if the claim relates to state-sponsored terrorism then the foreign country has already thrown out the rule book and you can sue in a US court. Iran is of course still free to refuse to recognise the court and to ignore any decision it makes. However, the latest ruling is that the damages awarded can be taken from assets which the Iranian central bank had in the US, which have already been seized. Again, Iran is free to object to those assets being seized or distributed, but they can't really stop it happening." ]

[ "I have gone over all documents I have found regarding targeting decisions and philosophy for the atomic bombs (there are fewer than one might think), and I have never seen those cities mentioned. [This post goes into detail on what little there is regarding Allied plans to use the bomb on Germany](_URL_0_) — basically, it was never taken up systematically as an idea, because of the timing of the bomb project, though Roosevelt did express some interest around the very end of 1944, but the bomb wasn't ready and wouldn't be for six months. I would note also that since Mannheim had been heavily bombed since 1940 (and was 64% destroyed by the end of the war), it would not have been a likely candidate under the targeting guidelines developed for Japan, which favored un-bombed, \"virgin\" cities in order to showcase the destructive power of the bombs." ]

[ "Although Arendelle was not and has never been a major political player in Continental European politics, Arendelle was a major source of naval stores, (especially wood and tar) in this period. Both France and Spain were trying to keep up with English naval dominence, but lacked (due to centuries of deforestation) the necessary coastal forests needed to build and maintain large navies in the Age of Sail. Thus, despite it's geopolitical weakness, Arendelle's location on the North Atlantic made it a convenient source of naval stores, especially at at time when access to the Baltic was highly limited by the Southern Isles. By sending delegates to the coronation of the new Queen, France and Spain both hoped to curry favor with the new government, which had previously been closely aligned with England." ]

[ "Heat denatures proteins. A spermatozoa is essentially comprised of very few of the \"normal\" organelles with minimal cytoplasm. Due to its low moisture content, it is more sensitive structure to temperature changes. Despite being outside and vulnerable, the testicle itself has taken steps to prevent any physical injury from impeding the entire testicle's sperm production. Within the testicle, the tunica albuginea separates sections of the testicle into radial lobes called lobulus testis. If one of these lobulus testes are impacted, causing the blood barrier to be broken and ruining the productivity of that lobe due to an immunological response, the other lobes remain unaffected." ]

[ "Bacteria and viruses don't survive as long on cold surfaces. Making it a bit chilly saves lives from infection." ]

[ "Ferromagnetic materials are magnetic down to the atomic level. So even a single iron atom is magnetic." ]

[ "This question is pretty tough to imagine. Here's something that might help: Imagine you live on a [Möbius strip](_URL_0_). You're facing straight down at all times. You leave a ghost image of yourself as you go around the strip. Travel fully around and you get back to where you started, still looking the same way. Travel halfway around? You're back where you started, but you see a mirror image of yourself where you started! Someone correct me if I'm wrong, but I'm pretty sure this example works." ]

[ "Interesting discussion. While the battlefield stuff is super interesting, isn't there a part before Napoleon goes off to Egypt where he defends the consulate with artillery in the streets using grapeshot? Was he the first to use this and what exactly is grapeshot? Is it just as the name implies?" ]

[ "Is this a homework question? It says in our [rules](_URL_2_): Our users aren't here to do your homework for you, but they might be willing to help. Remember: AskHistorians helps those who help themselves. Don't just give us your essay/assignment topic and ask us for ideas. Do some research of your own, then come to us with questions about what you've learned. This is explained further [in this [META] thread](_URL_2_). You can also consider asking the helpful people at /r/HomeworkHelp." ]

[ "Refrigerating food is meant to stop / slow down bacteria growth. I'm not sure about the specifics of the drinks you mention but I imagine the apple juice has been pasteurised to kill off any bacteria and stored in properly sealed container so it's bacteria-free until opened and potentially contaminated. The lemonade on the other hand might have not been pasteurized and sealed so there was a chance of bacteria being present in it - as the maker is aware it might spoil, they suggest refrigerating it to prevent this." ]

[ "Pure hardware specs are not what sells phones. You might say that \"performance\" (speed) is a selling point, but no one really cares how much RAM is being used to get to that point. iPhones are produced in a vertically integrated fashion, meaning the software and hardware are developed to be used specifically with each other. iPhones will use computing resources more efficiently than a comparable Android phone, so less resources are required to achieve similar performance." ]

[ "Not always but it's usually because your muscles are not strong enough to hold your body in the proper position. So basically your muscles are getting tired holding yourself up and when they relax it feels good. In the long term however, your bones and joints will deteriorate and cause a lot of pain." ]

[ "I suspect there's an aesthetic for organic lines and natural geometry coded somewhere deep in our dna. From a survival perspective it makes sense to be drawn to rolling geography - where one might remain more easily obscured from predators - rather than to geography with straight lines, which is basically an open plain with a far horizon and no shelter. This is complete speculation of course. If anyone knows of any studies that might support it, I'd love hear about them though." ]