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"end": "00:08:32.553",
"lines": [
"Because King George Island offers",
"the easiest access to Antarctica,"
],
"start": "00:08:27.553"
},
{
"end": "00:08:37.313",
"lines": [
"it has the greatest concentration of",
"stations on the entire continent."
],
"start": "00:08:32.553"
},
{
"end": "00:08:41.433",
"lines": [
"There are facilities here belonging",
"to Uruguay, Russia, Chile, Argentina,"
],
"start": "00:08:37.633"
},
{
"end": "00:08:45.393",
"lines": [
"Brazil, China, Poland, Peru,",
"Ecuador, the Czech Republic,"
],
"start": "00:08:41.433"
},
{
"end": "00:08:47.193",
"lines": [
"South Korea",
"and Bulgaria."
],
"start": "00:08:45.433"
},
{
"end": "00:08:50.433",
"lines": [
"The Antarctic Treaty regulates",
"how many new stations can open"
],
"start": "00:08:47.673"
},
{
"end": "00:08:53.513",
"lines": [
"so that it doesn’t",
"get too crowded."
],
"start": "00:08:50.433"
},
{
"end": "00:08:58.673",
"lines": [
"It’s always better to coexist",
"peacefully with your neighbors"
],
"start": "00:08:55.313"
},
{
"end": "00:09:03.033",
"lines": [
"and get along. The first thing we",
"did was to establish good relations"
],
"start": "00:08:58.673"
},
{
"end": "00:09:07.473",
"lines": [
"with all our neighbors. Cooperation",
"is vital in Antarctica."
],
"start": "00:09:03.073"
},
{
"end": "00:09:13.193",
"lines": [
"When there are tensions",
"between the US and Russia,"
],
"start": "00:09:10.153"
},
{
"end": "00:09:15.353",
"lines": [
"does it affect the",
"cooperation in Antarctica?"
],
"start": "00:09:13.233"
},
{
"end": "00:09:17.113",
"lines": [
"I wouldn't say there",
"is no effect."
],
"start": "00:09:15.353"
},
{
"end": "00:09:21.553",
"lines": [
"But, by and large the",
"cooperation has continued."
],
"start": "00:09:17.113"
},
{
"end": "00:09:27.073",
"lines": [
"It doesn't mean that those",
"tensions aren't in some respects"
],
"start": "00:09:21.593"
},
{
"end": "00:09:31.473",
"lines": [
"in the background somewhere, But at",
"least in the terms of the Antarctic"
],
"start": "00:09:27.073"
},
{
"end": "00:09:36.313",
"lines": [
"programs and the Arctic programs and",
"the work of the scientists together"
],
"start": "00:09:31.513"
},
{
"end": "00:09:39.553",
"lines": [
"by and large",
"that continues."
],
"start": "00:09:36.313"
},
{
"end": "00:09:44.833",
"lines": [
"In 2004, Russia imported",
"wood from Siberian pines,"
],
"start": "00:09:40.393"
},
{
"end": "00:09:50.313",
"lines": [
"its national tree, to construct a small",
"Orthodox church here in Antarctica."
],
"start": "00:09:44.833"
},
{
"end": "00:09:59.833",
"lines": [
"Critics say it’s a sly way to",
"stake a territorial claim."
],
"start": "00:09:56.073"
},
{
"end": "00:10:09.313",
"lines": [
"The Chilean station has",
"its own church too."
],
"start": "00:10:06.073"
},
{
"end": "00:10:11.393",
"lines": [
"It also has a school for",
"the children of soldiers"
],
"start": "00:10:09.313"
},
{
"end": "00:10:13.633",
"lines": [
"stationed on the",
"base year-round."
],
"start": "00:10:11.433"
},
{
"end": "00:10:22.153",
"lines": [
"It is the closest thing you’ll find",
"to a settlement in Antarctica."
],
"start": "00:10:17.913"
},
{
"end": "00:10:26.393",
"lines": [
"In the 1970s, Argentina’s",
"military dictatorship"
],
"start": "00:10:23.393"
},
{
"end": "00:10:28.873",
"lines": [
"sent pregnant women to",
"give birth in Antarctica,"
],
"start": "00:10:26.393"
},
{
"end": "00:10:31.393",
"lines": [
"to underscore its",
"territorial claims."
],
"start": "00:10:28.913"
},
{
"end": "00:10:35.153",
"lines": [
"Chilean dictator Augusto",
"Pinochet copied the tactic."
],
"start": "00:10:31.393"
},
{
"end": "00:10:37.393",
"lines": [
"But it was widely",
"viewed as provocative,"
],
"start": "00:10:35.153"
},
{
"end": "00:10:40.593",
"lines": [
"and after the birth of eight",
"Argentinians and three Chileans,"
],
"start": "00:10:37.393"
},
{
"end": "00:10:42.913",
"lines": [
"both countries",
"ended the policy."
],
"start": "00:10:40.633"
},
{
"end": "00:10:46.793",
"lines": [
"Today, more subtle strategies are",
"used to cement territorial claims,"
],
"start": "00:10:42.953"
},
{
"end": "00:10:49.513",
"lines": [
"as seen on Chilean",
"television."
],
"start": "00:10:46.833"
},
{
"end": "00:10:53.273",
"lines": [
"The Easter Island will be overcast",
"with partially cloudy skies,"
],
"start": "00:10:50.113"
},
{
"end": "00:10:59.073",
"lines": [
"whereas Chilean Antarctica... whereas",
"Chilean Antarctica will be mostly sunny."
],
"start": "00:10:53.273"
},
{
"end": "00:11:05.313",
"lines": [
"What do Chileans think about their",
"country’s claims to Antarctica?"
],
"start": "00:11:01.233"
},
{
"end": "00:11:11.073",
"lines": [
"To be honest, there isn’t much",
"public debate on the topic."
],
"start": "00:11:07.953"
},
{
"end": "00:11:14.553",
"lines": [
"When I was little, people",
"did talk about it a bit."
],
"start": "00:11:11.073"
},
{
"end": "00:11:18.313",
"lines": [
"But later on, the political",
"discourse subsided."
],
"start": "00:11:14.793"
},
{
"end": "00:11:21.633",
"lines": [
"Today people primarily associate",
"it with environmental protection."
],
"start": "00:11:18.353"
},
{
"end": "00:11:26.713",
"lines": [
"That’s the trend I’ve observed,",
"especially among young people."
],
"start": "00:11:22.473"
},
{
"end": "00:11:36.833",
"lines": [
"Chileans my age hardly discuss the issue.",
"For us it’s simple:"
],
"start": "00:11:31.233"
},
{
"end": "00:11:41.473",
"lines": [
"we see Antarctica as a place where",
"many nations come together."
],
"start": "00:11:36.873"
},
{
"end": "00:11:45.473",
"lines": [
"There’s no reason why we should be",
"more entitled to it than anyone else."
],
"start": "00:11:41.473"
},
{
"end": "00:11:48.993",
"lines": [
"Do you think we can",
"save Antarctica"
],
"start": "00:11:47.193"
},
{
"end": "00:11:52.233",
"lines": [
"if we’ve failed to do the",
"same in other places?"
],
"start": "00:11:48.993"
},
{
"end": "00:11:55.713",
"lines": [
"I think it’s exactly because we’ve",
"made so many mistakes in other places"
],
"start": "00:11:52.233"
},
{
"end": "00:11:58.713",
"lines": [
"that we have a shot",
"at saving Antarctica."
],
"start": "00:11:55.713"
},
{
"end": "00:12:28.713",
"lines": [
"Spain has two stations",
"in Antarctica."
],
"start": "00:12:25.393"
},
{
"end": "00:12:32.713",
"lines": [
"Its National Research Center",
"operates the Juan Carlos I Station"
],
"start": "00:12:28.713"
},
{
"end": "00:12:36.873",
"lines": [
"on Livingston Island. It was",
"built in the late 1980s"
],
"start": "00:12:32.753"
},
{
"end": "00:12:40.993",
"lines": [
"and remodeled in 2008",
"into a modern facility"
],
"start": "00:12:37.113"
},
{
"end": "00:12:43.553",
"lines": [
"that looks a bit like",
"a space station."
],
"start": "00:12:41.033"
},
{
"end": "00:12:50.233",
"lines": [
"This station is",
"used in the summer."
],
"start": "00:12:48.353"
},
{
"end": "00:12:52.073",
"lines": [
"It doesn’t need to withstand",
"the harsh conditions"
],
"start": "00:12:50.233"
},
{
"end": "00:12:55.033",
"lines": [
"you’d expect to encounter",
"in Antarctica."
],
"start": "00:12:52.113"
},
{
"end": "00:13:02.513",
"lines": [
"Today, there is",
"hardly any wind,"
],
"start": "00:13:00.953"
},
{
"end": "00:13:07.153",
"lines": [
"but two days ago we had gusts of nearly",
"40 knots, or 80 kilometers an hour,"
],
"start": "00:13:02.513"
},
{
"end": "00:13:12.153",
"lines": [
"which drives the wind chill factor down",
"to minus 15 or 20 degrees Celcius."
],
"start": "00:13:07.153"
},
{
"end": "00:13:24.473",
"lines": [
"Jerónimo López and his team",
"study the continent’s geology,"
],
"start": "00:13:19.673"
},
{
"end": "00:13:28.913",
"lines": [
"which they say is of essential",
"importance to the rest of the planet."
],
"start": "00:13:24.513"
},
{
"end": "00:13:32.633",
"lines": [
"Antarctica affects the whole",
"world’s climate, doesn’t it?"
],
"start": "00:13:29.233"
},
{
"end": "00:13:35.913",
"lines": [
"It is the planet’s",
"cold factory."
],
"start": "00:13:33.673"
},
{
"end": "00:13:39.193",
"lines": [
"It’s really cold in the Arctic,",
"too, but not to the same extent."
],
"start": "00:13:35.953"
},
{
"end": "00:13:43.273",
"lines": [
"There’s also a lot more ice in",
"Antarctica than in the Arctic."
],
"start": "00:13:39.233"
},
{
"end": "00:13:51.193",
"lines": [
"Antarctic deep seawater reaches",
"as far as the Iberian Peninsula"
],
"start": "00:13:47.673"
},
{
"end": "00:13:53.913",
"lines": [
"and continues to circulate",
"around the northern hemisphere."
],
"start": "00:13:51.193"
},
{
"end": "00:13:56.553",
"lines": [
"These waters sometimes flow",
"all the way up to the Arctic,"
],
"start": "00:13:53.953"
},
{
"end": "00:13:58.313",
"lines": [
"where they cool",
"back down again."
],
"start": "00:13:56.553"
},
{
"end": "00:14:01.673",
"lines": [
"The motor driving this",
"circulation is Antarctica."
],
"start": "00:13:58.353"
},
{
"end": "00:14:07.953",
"lines": [
"One of the most important projects",
"at the Juan Carlos I Station"
],
"start": "00:14:03.433"
},
{
"end": "00:14:11.433",
"lines": [
"is its study of the Hurd",
"and Johnson glaciers."
],
"start": "00:14:07.953"
},
{
"end": "00:14:17.233",
"lines": [
"In recent",
"years"
],
"start": "00:14:16.553"
},
{
"end": "00:14:20.873",
"lines": [
"we’ve evaluated the state of the mass",
"balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet."
],
"start": "00:14:17.273"
},
{
"end": "00:14:22.633",
"lines": [
"We found that the gains",
"of ice have been greater"
],
"start": "00:14:20.873"
},
{
"end": "00:14:24.833",
"lines": [
"than the losses of its",
"thinning glaciers."
],
"start": "00:14:22.633"
},
{
"end": "00:14:28.073",
"lines": [
"But next year’s data will probably indicate",
"the exact opposite."
],
"start": "00:14:24.873"
},
{
"end": "00:14:31.153",
"lines": [
"So, is it getting",
"colder in Antarctica?"
],
"start": "00:14:28.113"
},
{
"end": "00:14:34.513",
"lines": [
"Yes, it is",
"getting colder,"
],
"start": "00:14:32.153"
},
{
"end": "00:14:37.633",
"lines": [
"but our measurements are",
"limited to the last 15 years."
],
"start": "00:14:34.553"
},
{
"end": "00:14:42.633",
"lines": [
"Scientific studies need to examine",
"a period of at least 30 years."
],
"start": "00:14:38.793"
},
{
"end": "00:14:43.953",
"lines": [
"If we look",
"closer,"
],
"start": "00:14:42.793"
},
{
"end": "00:14:47.593",
"lines": [
"we can see there was a gradual",
"temperature increase for 15 years,"
],
"start": "00:14:43.953"
},
{
"end": "00:14:50.873",
"lines": [
"and a temperature drop in",
"the subsequent 15 years."
],
"start": "00:14:47.633"
},
{
"end": "00:14:53.873",
"lines": [
"But globally the trend",
"is towards warming."
],
"start": "00:14:50.873"
},
{
"end": "00:15:04.793",
"lines": [
"On our trip, we didn’t see much",
"snow, but the year before,"
],
"start": "00:15:01.593"
},
{
"end": "00:15:07.313",
"lines": [
"there was so much snow that",
"the 2-meter-high stakes"
],
"start": "00:15:04.833"
},
{
"end": "00:15:10.193",
"lines": [
"used to monitor the",
"glacier disappeared."
],
"start": "00:15:07.313"
},
{
"end": "00:15:13.433",
"lines": [
"To find them, the Spanish",
"team had to dig,"
],
"start": "00:15:10.433"
},
{
"end": "00:15:17.673",
"lines": [
"and dig"
],
"start": "00:15:16.433"
},
{
"end": "00:15:21.473",
"lines": [
"and dig."
],
"start": "00:15:19.953"
},
{
"end": "00:15:28.913",
"lines": [
"Located next to Livingston",
"Island is Half Moon Island."
],
"start": "00:15:24.433"
},
{
"end": "00:15:51.193",
"lines": [
"We made a discovery in this",
"miniature-sized Antarctica:"
],
"start": "00:15:47.793"
},
{
"end": "00:15:54.673",
"lines": [
"the weather here",
"changes very suddenly."
],
"start": "00:15:51.193"
},
{
"end": "00:16:31.033",
"lines": [
"Within minutes, the snowfall",
"turns into a blizzard —"
],
"start": "00:16:27.553"
},
{
"end": "00:16:34.793",
"lines": [
"clocking winds of 80",
"kilometers an hour."
],
"start": "00:16:31.233"
},
{
"end": "00:16:43.953",
"lines": [
"The Hespérides’ next stop",
"is Deception Island,"
],
"start": "00:16:40.713"
},
{
"end": "00:16:46.953",
"lines": [
"home to the station",
"Gabriel de Castilla."
],
"start": "00:16:43.953"
},
{
"end": "00:16:53.713",
"lines": [
"This island is the caldera of an active volcano.",
"It last erupted in 1970."
],
"start": "00:16:47.713"
},
{
"end": "00:16:58.193",
"lines": [
"Huge glaciers are concealed",
"beneath the ash."
],
"start": "00:16:54.433"
},
{
"end": "00:17:05.193",
"lines": [
"The Gabriel de Castilla Station",
"is run by the Spanish Army."
],
"start": "00:17:00.713"
},
{
"end": "00:17:10.713",
"lines": [
"Wait, didn’t we say the Antarctic",
"Treaty bans all military activity?"
],
"start": "00:17:06.073"
},
{
"end": "00:17:15.793",
"lines": [
"Due to the island’s difficult terrain,",
"and the danger posed by the volcano,"
],
"start": "00:17:12.753"
},
{
"end": "00:17:21.193",
"lines": [
"it was decided that the army was best",
"equipped to operate the station."
],
"start": "00:17:16.313"
},
{
"end": "00:17:25.193",
"lines": [
"Our mission is to make the",
"visiting scientists feel at home."
],
"start": "00:17:21.433"
},
{
"end": "00:17:28.953",
"lines": [
"They come for a very specific",
"time period to work on research,"
],
"start": "00:17:25.953"
},
{
"end": "00:17:32.473",
"lines": [
"take samples, do experiments",
"and collect data."
],
"start": "00:17:28.953"
},
{
"end": "00:17:36.353",
"lines": [
"Our job is to ensure all",
"the logistics are in place"
],
"start": "00:17:33.433"
},
{
"end": "00:17:38.953",
"lines": [
"so they can concentrate",
"on their work."
],
"start": "00:17:36.393"
},
{
"end": "00:17:41.313",
"lines": [
"So, there are no",
"weapons here?"
],
"start": "00:17:39.713"
},
{
"end": "00:17:43.833",
"lines": [
"None that I",
"know of?"
],
"start": "00:17:41.353"
},
{
"end": "00:17:52.233",
"lines": [
"Deception Island is home to a large",
"colony of chinstrap penguin."
],
"start": "00:17:46.993"
},
{
"end": "00:17:57.473",
"lines": [
"Andrés Barbosa has been studying",
"these animals for twenty years."
],
"start": "00:17:52.513"
},
{
"end": "00:18:02.473",
"lines": [
"There are species like",
"the Adélie penguin"
],
"start": "00:18:00.233"
},
{
"end": "00:18:06.753",
"lines": [
"whose populations have decreased",
"dramatically on the Antarctic Peninsula,"
],
"start": "00:18:02.513"
},
{
"end": "00:18:11.993",
"lines": [
"by about 60%. The chinstrap penguin",
"is also threatened by extinction."
],
"start": "00:18:06.913"
},
{
"end": "00:18:15.473",
"lines": [
"But other species like",
"the gentoo penguin"
],
"start": "00:18:13.233"
},
{
"end": "00:18:18.473",
"lines": [
"have profited from",
"present-day conditions."
],
"start": "00:18:15.513"
},
{
"end": "00:18:22.913",
"lines": [
"Its populations have increased",
"by about 15 to 20%."
],
"start": "00:18:18.513"
},
{
"end": "00:18:26.633",
"lines": [
"That is basically what’s been happening",
"over the course of 4 billion years"
],
"start": "00:18:22.953"
},
{
"end": "00:18:30.113",
"lines": [
"on our planet — it’s",
"called evolution."
],
"start": "00:18:26.633"
},
{
"end": "00:18:34.833",
"lines": [
"There are species that thrive",
"under positive conditions,"
],
"start": "00:18:31.633"
},
{
"end": "00:18:38.833",
"lines": [
"then they vanish and are",
"replaced by others."
],
"start": "00:18:34.873"
},
{
"end": "00:18:45.193",
"lines": [
"Andrés installed a camera to monitor",
"the penguins all year long."
],
"start": "00:18:41.273"
},
{
"end": "00:18:47.193",
"lines": [
"The images track the birds",
"and their offspring"
],
"start": "00:18:45.193"
},
{
"end": "00:18:51.233",
"lines": [
"as they gradually flee the",
"onset of colder temperatures."
],
"start": "00:18:47.233"
},
{
"end": "00:18:56.993",
"lines": [
"We see seagulls",
"fly by?"
],
"start": "00:18:54.393"
},
{
"end": "00:19:04.473",
"lines": [
"The drifting icebergs. The arrival of",
"storms that bury the camera in snow"
],
"start": "00:18:58.993"
},
{
"end": "00:19:06.713",
"lines": [
"and then blow",
"it free again."
],
"start": "00:19:04.473"
},
{
"end": "00:19:11.953",
"lines": [
"The long, lonesome winter.",
"The formation of sea ice."
],
"start": "00:19:07.473"
},
{
"end": "00:19:22.993",
"lines": [
"Sunsets that no one else sees.",
"In October, the penguins return."
],
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},
{
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{
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"start": "00:19:40.593"
},
{
"end": "00:19:53.353",
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},
{
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},
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"If for example you have to change your",
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{
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"it can be dangerous to leave the zones",
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{
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{
"end": "00:20:25.753",
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"start": "00:20:20.913"
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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"Which is true for lots of completely",
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},
{
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],
"start": "00:21:39.473"
},
{
"end": "00:21:45.473",
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"far removed from almost",
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],
"start": "00:21:41.513"
},
{
"end": "00:21:50.233",
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"the Southern Ocean is a vital and",
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"start": "00:21:45.473"
},
{
"end": "00:21:58.753",
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},
{
"end": "00:22:01.513",
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{
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},
{
"end": "00:22:14.713",
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"start": "00:22:12.233"
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{
"end": "00:22:18.193",
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"there would be little fauna on the sea bed.",
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"start": "00:22:14.713"
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{
"end": "00:22:21.673",
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},
{
"end": "00:22:25.233",
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"start": "00:22:21.753"
},
{
"end": "00:22:28.553",
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"so species have had a",
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},
{
"end": "00:22:33.553",
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],
"start": "00:22:28.593"
},
{
"end": "00:22:42.073",
"lines": [
"Do you feel a bit",
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],
"start": "00:22:39.433"
},
{
"end": "00:22:44.993",
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"Well, yeah,",
"I do!"
],
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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},
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"end": "00:23:13.953",
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},
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{
"end": "00:23:26.553",
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{
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{
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{
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{
"end": "00:24:02.793",
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{
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{
"end": "00:24:10.313",
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},
{
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{
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{
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"start": "00:25:24.313"
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{
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{
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"start": "00:26:17.433"
},
{
"end": "00:26:22.633",
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},
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{
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"start": "00:28:25.753"
},
{
"end": "00:28:32.193",
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},
{
"end": "00:28:35.713",
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
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"end": "00:28:48.433",
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{
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{
"end": "00:28:54.193",
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},
{
"end": "00:29:03.713",
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{
"end": "00:29:08.033",
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"Yes, yes. In fact, I arrived",
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{
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{
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{
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{
"end": "00:29:39.153",
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"that’ve never healed."
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},
{
"end": "00:29:48.633",
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},
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"end": "00:30:24.473",
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"start": "00:30:20.633"
},
{
"end": "00:30:27.473",
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{
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"end": "00:30:42.393",
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"end": "00:30:45.273",
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{
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"But recently they were",
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{
"end": "00:30:51.113",
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{
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{
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{
"end": "00:31:02.353",
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"they cost between 5 and 10",
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{
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{
"end": "00:31:17.873",
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{
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},
{
"end": "00:31:28.353",
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"A few years ago, an NGO",
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"start": "00:31:47.833"
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{
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},
{
"end": "00:32:01.033",
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},
{
"end": "00:32:13.953",
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"end": "00:33:19.953",
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{
"end": "00:33:24.193",
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{
"end": "00:33:39.673",
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"start": "00:33:36.153"
},
{
"end": "00:33:43.833",
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"start": "00:33:39.993"
},
{
"end": "00:33:48.993",
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"by sea, on tree trunks or other",
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},
{
"end": "00:33:52.233",
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},
{
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:34:01.513",
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},
{
"end": "00:34:05.033",
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"start": "00:34:01.513"
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{
"end": "00:34:10.993",
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},
{
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{
"end": "00:34:22.993",
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
"end": "00:35:00.273",
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"end": "00:36:00.073",
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{
"end": "00:36:03.593",
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},
{
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},
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"end": "00:36:37.833",
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{
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},
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},
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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"end": "00:37:32.993",
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{
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"end": "00:38:23.993",
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{
"end": "00:38:50.473",
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} | https://youtube.com/watch?v=EzJqbR2rPwY | [
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{
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},
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{
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{
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},
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},
{
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{
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{
"end": "00:11:52.233",
"lines": [
"if we’ve failed to do the",
"same in other places?"
],
"start": "00:11:48.993"
},
{
"end": "00:11:55.713",
"lines": [
"I think it’s exactly because we’ve",
"made so many mistakes in other places"
],
"start": "00:11:52.233"
},
{
"end": "00:11:58.713",
"lines": [
"that we have a shot",
"at saving Antarctica."
],
"start": "00:11:55.713"
},
{
"end": "00:12:28.713",
"lines": [
"Spain has two stations",
"in Antarctica."
],
"start": "00:12:25.393"
},
{
"end": "00:12:32.713",
"lines": [
"Its National Research Center",
"operates the Juan Carlos I Station"
],
"start": "00:12:28.713"
},
{
"end": "00:12:36.873",
"lines": [
"on Livingston Island. It was",
"built in the late 1980s"
],
"start": "00:12:32.753"
},
{
"end": "00:12:40.993",
"lines": [
"and remodeled in 2008",
"into a modern facility"
],
"start": "00:12:37.113"
},
{
"end": "00:12:43.553",
"lines": [
"that looks a bit like",
"a space station."
],
"start": "00:12:41.033"
},
{
"end": "00:12:50.233",
"lines": [
"This station is",
"used in the summer."
],
"start": "00:12:48.353"
},
{
"end": "00:12:52.073",
"lines": [
"It doesn’t need to withstand",
"the harsh conditions"
],
"start": "00:12:50.233"
},
{
"end": "00:12:55.033",
"lines": [
"you’d expect to encounter",
"in Antarctica."
],
"start": "00:12:52.113"
},
{
"end": "00:13:02.513",
"lines": [
"Today, there is",
"hardly any wind,"
],
"start": "00:13:00.953"
},
{
"end": "00:13:07.153",
"lines": [
"but two days ago we had gusts of nearly",
"40 knots, or 80 kilometers an hour,"
],
"start": "00:13:02.513"
},
{
"end": "00:13:12.153",
"lines": [
"which drives the wind chill factor down",
"to minus 15 or 20 degrees Celcius."
],
"start": "00:13:07.153"
},
{
"end": "00:13:24.473",
"lines": [
"Jerónimo López and his team",
"study the continent’s geology,"
],
"start": "00:13:19.673"
},
{
"end": "00:13:28.913",
"lines": [
"which they say is of essential",
"importance to the rest of the planet."
],
"start": "00:13:24.513"
},
{
"end": "00:13:32.633",
"lines": [
"Antarctica affects the whole",
"world’s climate, doesn’t it?"
],
"start": "00:13:29.233"
},
{
"end": "00:13:35.913",
"lines": [
"It is the planet’s",
"cold factory."
],
"start": "00:13:33.673"
},
{
"end": "00:13:39.193",
"lines": [
"It’s really cold in the Arctic,",
"too, but not to the same extent."
],
"start": "00:13:35.953"
},
{
"end": "00:13:43.273",
"lines": [
"There’s also a lot more ice in",
"Antarctica than in the Arctic."
],
"start": "00:13:39.233"
},
{
"end": "00:13:51.193",
"lines": [
"Antarctic deep seawater reaches",
"as far as the Iberian Peninsula"
],
"start": "00:13:47.673"
},
{
"end": "00:13:53.913",
"lines": [
"and continues to circulate",
"around the northern hemisphere."
],
"start": "00:13:51.193"
},
{
"end": "00:13:56.553",
"lines": [
"These waters sometimes flow",
"all the way up to the Arctic,"
],
"start": "00:13:53.953"
},
{
"end": "00:13:58.313",
"lines": [
"where they cool",
"back down again."
],
"start": "00:13:56.553"
},
{
"end": "00:14:01.673",
"lines": [
"The motor driving this",
"circulation is Antarctica."
],
"start": "00:13:58.353"
},
{
"end": "00:14:07.953",
"lines": [
"One of the most important projects",
"at the Juan Carlos I Station"
],
"start": "00:14:03.433"
},
{
"end": "00:14:11.433",
"lines": [
"is its study of the Hurd",
"and Johnson glaciers."
],
"start": "00:14:07.953"
},
{
"end": "00:14:17.233",
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"In recent",
"years"
],
"start": "00:14:16.553"
},
{
"end": "00:14:20.873",
"lines": [
"we’ve evaluated the state of the mass",
"balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet."
],
"start": "00:14:17.273"
},
{
"end": "00:14:22.633",
"lines": [
"We found that the gains",
"of ice have been greater"
],
"start": "00:14:20.873"
},
{
"end": "00:14:24.833",
"lines": [
"than the losses of its",
"thinning glaciers."
],
"start": "00:14:22.633"
},
{
"end": "00:14:28.073",
"lines": [
"But next year’s data will probably indicate",
"the exact opposite."
],
"start": "00:14:24.873"
},
{
"end": "00:14:31.153",
"lines": [
"So, is it getting",
"colder in Antarctica?"
],
"start": "00:14:28.113"
},
{
"end": "00:14:34.513",
"lines": [
"Yes, it is",
"getting colder,"
],
"start": "00:14:32.153"
},
{
"end": "00:14:37.633",
"lines": [
"but our measurements are",
"limited to the last 15 years."
],
"start": "00:14:34.553"
},
{
"end": "00:14:42.633",
"lines": [
"Scientific studies need to examine",
"a period of at least 30 years."
],
"start": "00:14:38.793"
},
{
"end": "00:14:43.953",
"lines": [
"If we look",
"closer,"
],
"start": "00:14:42.793"
},
{
"end": "00:14:47.593",
"lines": [
"we can see there was a gradual",
"temperature increase for 15 years,"
],
"start": "00:14:43.953"
},
{
"end": "00:14:50.873",
"lines": [
"and a temperature drop in",
"the subsequent 15 years."
],
"start": "00:14:47.633"
},
{
"end": "00:14:53.873",
"lines": [
"But globally the trend",
"is towards warming."
],
"start": "00:14:50.873"
},
{
"end": "00:15:04.793",
"lines": [
"On our trip, we didn’t see much",
"snow, but the year before,"
],
"start": "00:15:01.593"
},
{
"end": "00:15:07.313",
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"there was so much snow that",
"the 2-meter-high stakes"
],
"start": "00:15:04.833"
},
{
"end": "00:15:10.193",
"lines": [
"used to monitor the",
"glacier disappeared."
],
"start": "00:15:07.313"
},
{
"end": "00:15:13.433",
"lines": [
"To find them, the Spanish",
"team had to dig,"
],
"start": "00:15:10.433"
},
{
"end": "00:15:17.673",
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"and dig"
],
"start": "00:15:16.433"
},
{
"end": "00:15:21.473",
"lines": [
"and dig."
],
"start": "00:15:19.953"
},
{
"end": "00:15:28.913",
"lines": [
"Located next to Livingston",
"Island is Half Moon Island."
],
"start": "00:15:24.433"
},
{
"end": "00:15:51.193",
"lines": [
"We made a discovery in this",
"miniature-sized Antarctica:"
],
"start": "00:15:47.793"
},
{
"end": "00:15:54.673",
"lines": [
"the weather here",
"changes very suddenly."
],
"start": "00:15:51.193"
},
{
"end": "00:16:31.033",
"lines": [
"Within minutes, the snowfall",
"turns into a blizzard —"
],
"start": "00:16:27.553"
},
{
"end": "00:16:34.793",
"lines": [
"clocking winds of 80",
"kilometers an hour."
],
"start": "00:16:31.233"
},
{
"end": "00:16:43.953",
"lines": [
"The Hespérides’ next stop",
"is Deception Island,"
],
"start": "00:16:40.713"
},
{
"end": "00:16:46.953",
"lines": [
"home to the station",
"Gabriel de Castilla."
],
"start": "00:16:43.953"
},
{
"end": "00:16:53.713",
"lines": [
"This island is the caldera of an active volcano.",
"It last erupted in 1970."
],
"start": "00:16:47.713"
},
{
"end": "00:16:58.193",
"lines": [
"Huge glaciers are concealed",
"beneath the ash."
],
"start": "00:16:54.433"
},
{
"end": "00:17:05.193",
"lines": [
"The Gabriel de Castilla Station",
"is run by the Spanish Army."
],
"start": "00:17:00.713"
},
{
"end": "00:17:10.713",
"lines": [
"Wait, didn’t we say the Antarctic",
"Treaty bans all military activity?"
],
"start": "00:17:06.073"
},
{
"end": "00:17:15.793",
"lines": [
"Due to the island’s difficult terrain,",
"and the danger posed by the volcano,"
],
"start": "00:17:12.753"
},
{
"end": "00:17:21.193",
"lines": [
"it was decided that the army was best",
"equipped to operate the station."
],
"start": "00:17:16.313"
},
{
"end": "00:17:25.193",
"lines": [
"Our mission is to make the",
"visiting scientists feel at home."
],
"start": "00:17:21.433"
},
{
"end": "00:17:28.953",
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"They come for a very specific",
"time period to work on research,"
],
"start": "00:17:25.953"
},
{
"end": "00:17:32.473",
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"take samples, do experiments",
"and collect data."
],
"start": "00:17:28.953"
},
{
"end": "00:17:36.353",
"lines": [
"Our job is to ensure all",
"the logistics are in place"
],
"start": "00:17:33.433"
},
{
"end": "00:17:38.953",
"lines": [
"so they can concentrate",
"on their work."
],
"start": "00:17:36.393"
},
{
"end": "00:17:41.313",
"lines": [
"So, there are no",
"weapons here?"
],
"start": "00:17:39.713"
},
{
"end": "00:17:43.833",
"lines": [
"None that I",
"know of?"
],
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},
{
"end": "00:17:52.233",
"lines": [
"Deception Island is home to a large",
"colony of chinstrap penguin."
],
"start": "00:17:46.993"
},
{
"end": "00:17:57.473",
"lines": [
"Andrés Barbosa has been studying",
"these animals for twenty years."
],
"start": "00:17:52.513"
},
{
"end": "00:18:02.473",
"lines": [
"There are species like",
"the Adélie penguin"
],
"start": "00:18:00.233"
},
{
"end": "00:18:06.753",
"lines": [
"whose populations have decreased",
"dramatically on the Antarctic Peninsula,"
],
"start": "00:18:02.513"
},
{
"end": "00:18:11.993",
"lines": [
"by about 60%. The chinstrap penguin",
"is also threatened by extinction."
],
"start": "00:18:06.913"
},
{
"end": "00:18:15.473",
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"But other species like",
"the gentoo penguin"
],
"start": "00:18:13.233"
},
{
"end": "00:18:18.473",
"lines": [
"have profited from",
"present-day conditions."
],
"start": "00:18:15.513"
},
{
"end": "00:18:22.913",
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"Its populations have increased",
"by about 15 to 20%."
],
"start": "00:18:18.513"
},
{
"end": "00:18:26.633",
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"That is basically what’s been happening",
"over the course of 4 billion years"
],
"start": "00:18:22.953"
},
{
"end": "00:18:30.113",
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"on our planet — it’s",
"called evolution."
],
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},
{
"end": "00:18:34.833",
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"There are species that thrive",
"under positive conditions,"
],
"start": "00:18:31.633"
},
{
"end": "00:18:38.833",
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"then they vanish and are",
"replaced by others."
],
"start": "00:18:34.873"
},
{
"end": "00:18:45.193",
"lines": [
"Andrés installed a camera to monitor",
"the penguins all year long."
],
"start": "00:18:41.273"
},
{
"end": "00:18:47.193",
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"The images track the birds",
"and their offspring"
],
"start": "00:18:45.193"
},
{
"end": "00:18:51.233",
"lines": [
"as they gradually flee the",
"onset of colder temperatures."
],
"start": "00:18:47.233"
},
{
"end": "00:18:56.993",
"lines": [
"We see seagulls",
"fly by?"
],
"start": "00:18:54.393"
},
{
"end": "00:19:04.473",
"lines": [
"The drifting icebergs. The arrival of",
"storms that bury the camera in snow"
],
"start": "00:18:58.993"
},
{
"end": "00:19:06.713",
"lines": [
"and then blow",
"it free again."
],
"start": "00:19:04.473"
},
{
"end": "00:19:11.953",
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"The long, lonesome winter.",
"The formation of sea ice."
],
"start": "00:19:07.473"
},
{
"end": "00:19:22.993",
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"Sunsets that no one else sees.",
"In October, the penguins return."
],
"start": "00:19:17.233"
},
{
"end": "00:19:30.193",
"lines": [
"Soon they begin to lay their eggs. And",
"a few weeks later the chicks are born."
],
"start": "00:19:23.713"
},
{
"end": "00:19:40.593",
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"One of the Spanish",
"Navy’s tasks"
],
"start": "00:19:38.513"
},
{
"end": "00:19:44.753",
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"is to map the undersea",
"topography around these islands."
],
"start": "00:19:40.593"
},
{
"end": "00:19:53.353",
"lines": [
"Drive it deeper.",
"Zero eight-six."
],
"start": "00:19:48.553"
},
{
"end": "00:20:04.393",
"lines": [
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"coast is so immense,"
],
"start": "00:20:01.553"
},
{
"end": "00:20:08.393",
"lines": [
"less than 1% of the area underwater",
"has been properly mapped."
],
"start": "00:20:04.393"
},
{
"end": "00:20:13.353",
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"If for example you have to change your",
"ship’s route because of an iceberg,"
],
"start": "00:20:09.833"
},
{
"end": "00:20:16.873",
"lines": [
"it can be dangerous to leave the zones",
"for which there are accurate data."
],
"start": "00:20:13.393"
},
{
"end": "00:20:20.913",
"lines": [
"So we need to produce more",
"maps to prevent shipwrecks,"
],
"start": "00:20:18.153"
},
{
"end": "00:20:25.753",
"lines": [
"oil spills or other accidents.",
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],
"start": "00:20:20.913"
},
{
"end": "00:20:28.713",
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"but also to prevent damage",
"to the environment here."
],
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},
{
"end": "00:20:33.713",
"lines": [
"We really have lots of work",
"ahead, it will take years."
],
"start": "00:20:30.353"
},
{
"end": "00:20:37.073",
"lines": [
"Every country with the ability",
"to cooperate should pitch in."
],
"start": "00:20:33.753"
},
{
"end": "00:20:44.233",
"lines": [
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],
"start": "00:20:40.713"
},
{
"end": "00:20:48.033",
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"in Antarctica in",
"1819 — an accident,"
],
"start": "00:20:44.273"
},
{
"end": "00:20:51.713",
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"after he was blown off",
"course by powerful winds."
],
"start": "00:20:48.073"
},
{
"end": "00:20:54.953",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:21:00.193",
"lines": [
"who it says discovered the continent in",
"1603, though that’s never been proven."
],
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},
{
"end": "00:21:05.433",
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"It’s probable that seal hunters",
"set foot on these islands"
],
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},
{
"end": "00:21:09.233",
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"kept quiet about their discovery"
],
"start": "00:21:05.473"
},
{
"end": "00:21:12.993",
"lines": [
"so as not to have to share",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:21:24.953",
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"These are photos of organisms",
"from the Weddell Sea,"
],
"start": "00:21:21.833"
},
{
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"and nobody knows what family,",
"genus or species they belong to."
],
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},
{
"end": "00:21:31.553",
"lines": [
"They have yet to",
"be classified."
],
"start": "00:21:29.273"
},
{
"end": "00:21:36.713",
"lines": [
"Which is true for lots of completely",
"different types of animals."
],
"start": "00:21:32.073"
},
{
"end": "00:21:41.473",
"lines": [
"Despite its",
"remote location,"
],
"start": "00:21:39.473"
},
{
"end": "00:21:45.473",
"lines": [
"far removed from almost",
"all human life on Earth,"
],
"start": "00:21:41.513"
},
{
"end": "00:21:50.233",
"lines": [
"the Southern Ocean is a vital and",
"precious region of the planet."
],
"start": "00:21:45.473"
},
{
"end": "00:21:58.753",
"lines": [
"A team of modern-day explorers has",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:22:01.513",
"lines": [
"by the University",
"of Barcelona."
],
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},
{
"end": "00:22:12.233",
"lines": [
"People thought that,",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:22:14.713",
"lines": [
"with few resources",
"in terms of food,"
],
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},
{
"end": "00:22:18.193",
"lines": [
"there would be little fauna on the sea bed.",
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"start": "00:22:14.713"
},
{
"end": "00:22:21.673",
"lines": [
"Conditions are harsh,",
"but organisms adapt."
],
"start": "00:22:18.433"
},
{
"end": "00:22:25.233",
"lines": [
"The ecosystems in Antarctica",
"are the oldest on the planet,"
],
"start": "00:22:21.753"
},
{
"end": "00:22:28.553",
"lines": [
"so species have had a",
"long time to adapt."
],
"start": "00:22:25.233"
},
{
"end": "00:22:33.553",
"lines": [
"And there are species that are in",
"fact unique to the ecosystem here."
],
"start": "00:22:28.593"
},
{
"end": "00:22:42.073",
"lines": [
"Do you feel a bit",
"like explorers?"
],
"start": "00:22:39.433"
},
{
"end": "00:22:44.993",
"lines": [
"Well, yeah,",
"I do!"
],
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},
{
"end": "00:22:55.233",
"lines": [
"Explorers of Antarctica. Today...",
"and in times past."
],
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},
{
"end": "00:23:04.073",
"lines": [
"In 1911, Norwegian explorer",
"Roald Amundsen of Norway"
],
"start": "00:22:59.633"
},
{
"end": "00:23:09.233",
"lines": [
"and Britain’s Robert Falcon-Scott raced",
"to be the first to reach the South Pole."
],
"start": "00:23:04.113"
},
{
"end": "00:23:13.953",
"lines": [
"Amundsen triumphed, while Scott’s",
"team perished trying to return."
],
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},
{
"end": "00:23:18.713",
"lines": [
"Though his expedition ended in tragedy,",
"Scott was celebrated as a hero."
],
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},
{
"end": "00:23:23.113",
"lines": [
"On his way back Scott had",
"picked up a fossil from a tree"
],
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},
{
"end": "00:23:26.553",
"lines": [
"also found in South",
"America and India."
],
"start": "00:23:23.153"
},
{
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"lines": [
"The find supported the theory that",
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{
"end": "00:23:34.353",
"lines": [
"and had drifted apart."
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},
{
"end": "00:23:42.473",
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},
{
"end": "00:23:47.313",
"lines": [
"contributed to a better understanding",
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],
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},
{
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"lines": [
"The remnants of an old whaling station",
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},
{
"end": "00:24:02.793",
"lines": [
"Long ago, the location was",
"referred to as “Red Bay,”"
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},
{
"end": "00:24:06.553",
"lines": [
"because of the blood-stained",
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],
"start": "00:24:02.873"
},
{
"end": "00:24:10.313",
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"due to the stench of rotting",
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"start": "00:24:06.553"
},
{
"end": "00:24:13.553",
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{
"end": "00:24:24.553",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:24:33.593",
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"Japan was allocated a quota for",
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},
{
"end": "00:24:37.313",
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"It was long suspected of violating",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:24:40.553",
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"by pursuing commercial",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:24:52.153",
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],
"start": "00:24:50.433"
},
{
"end": "00:24:55.313",
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"We would like to see whales",
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],
"start": "00:24:52.153"
},
{
"end": "00:24:59.673",
"lines": [
"Because that’s the only way",
"sustainable utilization is possible."
],
"start": "00:24:55.513"
},
{
"end": "00:25:07.033",
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"It is free for any nation",
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],
"start": "00:24:59.713"
},
{
"end": "00:25:11.513",
"lines": [
"of dealing animals in their",
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],
"start": "00:25:07.033"
},
{
"end": "00:25:16.593",
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],
"start": "00:25:12.793"
},
{
"end": "00:25:19.353",
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"ruled against Japan’s",
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],
"start": "00:25:16.633"
},
{
"end": "00:25:24.313",
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"The Court concludes that the",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:25:29.793",
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"for the killing, taking, and treating",
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],
"start": "00:25:24.313"
},
{
"end": "00:25:36.073",
"lines": [
"are not for purposes of scientific",
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],
"start": "00:25:29.833"
},
{
"end": "00:25:38.593",
"lines": [
"paragraph 1 of",
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],
"start": "00:25:36.073"
},
{
"end": "00:25:42.313",
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"Japan complied with",
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],
"start": "00:25:39.313"
},
{
"end": "00:25:44.393",
"lines": [
"But only for",
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],
"start": "00:25:42.833"
},
{
"end": "00:25:49.153",
"lines": [
"after which its ships were back out",
"whaling in the Southern Ocean again."
],
"start": "00:25:44.433"
},
{
"end": "00:25:58.073",
"lines": [
"Whaling is not the only problem",
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],
"start": "00:25:54.553"
},
{
"end": "00:26:02.073",
"lines": [
"The Patagonian toothfish",
"is an Antarctic treasure."
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},
{
"end": "00:26:05.073",
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"It’s subject to catch limits,",
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],
"start": "00:26:02.073"
},
{
"end": "00:26:07.393",
"lines": [
"poaching is a",
"lucrative business."
],
"start": "00:26:05.113"
},
{
"end": "00:26:12.473",
"lines": [
"Poachers ignore quotas and",
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],
"start": "00:26:08.673"
},
{
"end": "00:26:17.433",
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"These mandate the use of longlining,",
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],
"start": "00:26:12.513"
},
{
"end": "00:26:19.273",
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"But poachers use",
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],
"start": "00:26:17.433"
},
{
"end": "00:26:22.633",
"lines": [
"that indiscriminately kill",
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],
"start": "00:26:19.313"
},
{
"end": "00:26:32.713",
"lines": [
"In 2014 and 2016,",
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],
"start": "00:26:29.393"
},
{
"end": "00:26:38.353",
"lines": [
"Interpol and the New Zealand navy took",
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"start": "00:26:32.753"
},
{
"end": "00:26:41.113",
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"a Spanish company accused",
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],
"start": "00:26:38.353"
},
{
"end": "00:26:45.633",
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"It was a milestone",
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"start": "00:26:43.913"
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{
"end": "00:26:48.553",
"lines": [
"because Spain issued a public",
"acknowledgment, saying:"
],
"start": "00:26:45.673"
},
{
"end": "00:26:51.793",
"lines": [
"We admit this is a Spanish",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:26:54.273",
"lines": [
"and we know there",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:26:57.073",
"lines": [
"But this story didn’t",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:27:00.233",
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"Vidal Armadores appealed a",
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},
{
"end": "00:27:02.713",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:27:07.233",
"lines": [
"ruling that the alleged poaching had",
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],
"start": "00:27:02.713"
},
{
"end": "00:27:11.233",
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"and Spanish courts had no",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:27:31.953",
"lines": [
"From here, the",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:27:35.153",
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"It sails into the",
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],
"start": "00:27:32.433"
},
{
"end": "00:27:40.273",
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"one of the most spectacular",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:28:10.553",
"lines": [
"This is the Argentinian",
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"start": "00:28:07.033"
},
{
"end": "00:28:22.313",
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"The Primavera Station",
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"start": "00:28:19.433"
},
{
"end": "00:28:25.713",
"lines": [
"Unlike other stations, it has",
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],
"start": "00:28:22.353"
},
{
"end": "00:28:29.193",
"lines": [
"so we avoid trampling on fragile",
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],
"start": "00:28:25.753"
},
{
"end": "00:28:32.193",
"lines": [
"so as to cause the",
"least possible damage."
],
"start": "00:28:29.193"
},
{
"end": "00:28:35.713",
"lines": [
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],
"start": "00:28:32.953"
},
{
"end": "00:28:37.473",
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"but not at",
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},
{
"end": "00:28:42.193",
"lines": [
"I’m not a foreign policy",
"expert so I can’t say,"
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"start": "00:28:39.593"
},
{
"end": "00:28:45.433",
"lines": [
"but the Antarctic Treaty",
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],
"start": "00:28:42.193"
},
{
"end": "00:28:48.433",
"lines": [
"If you ask me why, I can’t really say.",
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},
{
"end": "00:28:51.193",
"lines": [
"I wish the rest of the",
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],
"start": "00:28:49.433"
},
{
"end": "00:28:54.193",
"lines": [
"but probably there is more",
"egoism in other places..."
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},
{
"end": "00:29:03.713",
"lines": [
"Is there cooperation between Argentina,",
"Chile and the United Kingdom, too?"
],
"start": "00:28:58.953"
},
{
"end": "00:29:08.033",
"lines": [
"Yes, yes. In fact, I arrived",
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],
"start": "00:29:03.993"
},
{
"end": "00:29:13.433",
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"There’s no problem in that respect.",
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},
{
"end": "00:29:17.193",
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"I’d be happy to show you a",
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},
{
"end": "00:29:20.753",
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"The commander mentioned the",
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},
{
"end": "00:29:23.033",
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},
{
"end": "00:29:28.113",
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},
{
"end": "00:29:34.633",
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"start": "00:29:29.393"
},
{
"end": "00:29:39.153",
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"For many, it left wounds",
"that’ve never healed."
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},
{
"end": "00:29:48.633",
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},
{
"end": "00:30:24.473",
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"start": "00:30:20.633"
},
{
"end": "00:30:27.473",
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{
"end": "00:30:39.873",
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},
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"end": "00:30:42.393",
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"start": "00:30:39.913"
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{
"end": "00:30:45.273",
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"end": "00:30:49.113",
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"But recently they were",
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},
{
"end": "00:30:51.113",
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"What if the numbers",
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},
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"end": "00:30:55.633",
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"end": "00:30:57.673",
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"aren’t cheap,"
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"start": "00:30:55.673"
},
{
"end": "00:31:02.353",
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"they cost between 5 and 10",
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{
"end": "00:31:08.873",
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},
{
"end": "00:31:17.873",
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},
{
"end": "00:31:22.113",
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"start": "00:31:18.153"
},
{
"end": "00:31:28.353",
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},
{
"end": "00:31:32.113",
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},
{
"end": "00:31:41.593",
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},
{
"end": "00:31:45.313",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:31:47.793",
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"start": "00:31:45.353"
},
{
"end": "00:31:52.273",
"lines": [
"Currently, only ten of the five to ten",
"thousand euros they pay for their trip"
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"start": "00:31:47.833"
},
{
"end": "00:31:57.793",
"lines": [
"go toward erasing their footprint. But",
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],
"start": "00:31:52.273"
},
{
"end": "00:32:01.033",
"lines": [
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:32:04.193",
"lines": [
"against the tour operators",
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],
"start": "00:32:01.073"
},
{
"end": "00:32:08.433",
"lines": [
"Do you think tourism may have a",
"negative impact in Antarctica?"
],
"start": "00:32:05.193"
},
{
"end": "00:32:13.953",
"lines": [
"Personally we were able to have",
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],
"start": "00:32:08.953"
},
{
"end": "00:32:16.193",
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"walking around the island."
],
"start": "00:32:13.953"
},
{
"end": "00:32:21.553",
"lines": [
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],
"start": "00:32:16.233"
},
{
"end": "00:32:23.793",
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"at least in my mind,"
],
"start": "00:32:21.553"
},
{
"end": "00:32:26.793",
"lines": [
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],
"start": "00:32:23.793"
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{
"end": "00:32:28.713",
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},
{
"end": "00:32:33.073",
"lines": [
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"start": "00:32:28.753"
},
{
"end": "00:32:36.073",
"lines": [
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],
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{
"end": "00:32:40.553",
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"it is shocking in a way."
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},
{
"end": "00:32:49.153",
"lines": [
"It’s not just",
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"start": "00:32:47.073"
},
{
"end": "00:32:52.793",
"lines": [
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:32:58.873",
"lines": [
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"start": "00:32:56.233"
},
{
"end": "00:33:07.633",
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"Aliens in the sense of species that",
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},
{
"end": "00:33:10.633",
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"They arrive, check out",
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"start": "00:33:07.633"
},
{
"end": "00:33:15.113",
"lines": [
"and if they meet their ecological",
"requirements, they settle and propagate."
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},
{
"end": "00:33:17.193",
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],
"start": "00:33:15.313"
},
{
"end": "00:33:19.953",
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},
{
"end": "00:33:24.193",
"lines": [
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:33:28.673",
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"species that would previously have",
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],
"start": "00:33:24.193"
},
{
"end": "00:33:34.193",
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},
{
"end": "00:33:39.673",
"lines": [
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"species reach Antarctica?"
],
"start": "00:33:36.153"
},
{
"end": "00:33:43.833",
"lines": [
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"start": "00:33:39.993"
},
{
"end": "00:33:48.993",
"lines": [
"by sea, on tree trunks or other",
"floating objects, or on animals."
],
"start": "00:33:43.833"
},
{
"end": "00:33:52.233",
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},
{
"end": "00:33:56.113",
"lines": [
"it’s us humans who",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:34:01.513",
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},
{
"end": "00:34:05.033",
"lines": [
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],
"start": "00:34:01.513"
},
{
"end": "00:34:10.993",
"lines": [
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:34:15.753",
"lines": [
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},
{
"end": "00:34:22.993",
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},
{
"end": "00:34:27.713",
"lines": [
"No. But the great thing about",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:34:32.513",
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{
"end": "00:34:36.273",
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},
{
"end": "00:34:39.033",
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{
"end": "00:34:44.273",
"lines": [
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],
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{
"end": "00:34:47.273",
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],
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},
{
"end": "00:34:50.273",
"lines": [
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{
"end": "00:35:00.273",
"lines": [
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