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given to every Texas police officer shot in the line of duty, in a ceremony at the state capitol. The section of Farm-to-Market Road 307 on which Midland police headquarters is located was named the Officer Hayden Heidelberg Memorial Highway since it connects Midland and Greenwood. At a ceremony dedicating the road and erecting signs, the department also gifted Heidelberg's now-decommissioned police cruiser to his family. Trial In late September, Wilson's legal team filed a brief in support of its motion to get the indictment dismissed. It disclosed publicly that the alarm system had been malfunctioning on the night of the shooting. Not only had there been no ongoing alarm condition, the alarm had been reported at the Wilsons' pool house, which was wired with a system separate from their main house. The motion was denied and trial preparations continued. The beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, a little over a year after Heidelberg's killing, delayed the trial after Abbott suspended jury trials in the state. In late October 2021, district attorney Laura Nodolf announced that she had presented the case to the grand jury a second time and secured a new indictment charging Wilson with murder, on the theory that he "was very much intentional" rather than simply reckless when he fired. "He knew he would harm or kill the person behind the flashlight", she said. When jury selection began in November 2021, with 700 people, the largest jury pool in the county's history, gathered in a courtroom to be considered for service, the pandemic again caused a two-week delay in the trial when the occasion became a superspreader event, with the judge (who had to be hospitalized) and several prospective jurors coming down with the disease. At the end of November, the trial finally began with nine women and five men seated as jurors and alternates. Witnesses who testified to the facts of the case were primarily law enforcement personnel who had been present that night or later investigated the case, the medical personnel who treated Heidelberg, staff from the alarm monitoring company and the Wilsons themselves. Both sides also presented expert witnesses in law enforcement training and the burglar alarm system. Their testimony was augmented by an evidentiary record that included police bodycam video and footage from the security cameras inside and outside the Wilsons' house. In opening statements, the prosecution laid out its theory that

Wilson had gone to the door intent on firing and fully aware there was a person just outside. His defense lawyers countered that he reasonably believed there were intruders outside who might have meant to bring harm to his family and he meant only to protect them. They pointed to Texas's stand-your-ground law, which permits the use of deadly force in self-defense in any place the actor is lawfully present, and castle doctrine, permitting the use of deadly force to defend one's residence, both where the actor reasonably believes a threat exists. Prosecution After opening arguments, the state began its case-in-chief, putting Allee on the stand to recount the events that had led to the shooting. The next day, Nodolf showed the video of Wilson's interview by two Texas Rangers the day after the shooting, in which he said he had not heard Heidelberg call out that he was police, after which one of the Rangers, Cody Allen, testified about much of the documentary evidence collected at that time, including photographs of the gun and Heidelberg's uniform, as well as video montages of footage from the bodycams and the Wilson's security cameras. Heidelberg's cousin testified as to having identified the body and the county's deputy medical examiner about the cause of death. On the third day the defense began making its arguments through cross-examination as Allen testified about the functioning of the alarm system. After he said that it had been 33 seconds between the door alarm going off and the shot firing, Wilson's lawyers asked if that was enough time for their client to have pulled up his security cameras and seen who was outside. They also emphasized the phrase "enter and die" as used in police training regarding the castle doctrine, after Allen mentioned it on the third day. In response to a prosecution theory that Wilson could have just gathered his daughters along with his wife and hidden elsewhere in the house, the defense raised two points on cross. The first was legal: the castle doctrine abrogates the duty to retreat in one's own house. To support the second, they introduced diagrams of the house's floor plans, showing that as Wilson's daughters slept on the other side, he would have had to cross the center hallway with a clear line of sight from the front door, an action he may have judged too risky with intruders possibly

already entering the house or preparing to do so. The defense also pointed out that Allee was not interviewed until a week after the shooting, contrasting that with the relative promptness of Wilson's interview. Allen responded that it was standard practice to wait a day or two after a shooting to interview officers involved, not only to let them recover but because it is easier to get statements from officers. Next to testify were the two officers who had responded to back Heidelberg and Allee up. The former's announcement that police were present was not audible on bodycam footage from Bailey Mims, also a probationary officer being trained in the field. She testified that it might have been obscured by the noise of her equipment as she ran to the house. On cross she said that shortly after Heidelberg's death the department changed its policy so that on alarm calls like this it would not respond unless it could be certain the verified key carrier had been contacted and was either on the location or headed there. Her training officer, Alexander Duwel, who followed her on the stand, said he could hear Heidelberg's announcements two houses away. He also explained that alarm calls like this were very frequent occurrences while on patrol and officers were supposed to walk around the property, check doors and windows, then do a second walkaround if they saw signs of possible entry and look for evidence of a possible crime. If so they were to clear the building. The department's dispatch communications manager testified about the call from the New Jersey-based alarm company, which was played in court. On it the employee tells the police they had not called the property owner since they were instructed to first call the police in this situation. As a result the officers were dispatched to the residence believing someone was attempting to reach Wilson, as per department policy at the time. The defense pointed out on cross that the company's representative never said to police that they would be calling Wilson next. One of the officers who had helped get Heidelberg in the police car to go to the hospital said police on the scene had not learned for a while that the Wilsons had called 9-1-1 earlier. After a prosecution expert witness testified about the scene as he was able to reconstruct it from the videos, which

he said was more evidence than he had ever had to work with, Nodolf had the room lights dimmed and approached him pointing a flashlight and a fake gun. She asked if from his experience as a police officer he would consider that situation potentially threatening enough to fire, given a variety of distances and directions the flashlight might have been pointing. The expert believed it was pointing away from Wilson, toward the left side of the house. He also said it was possible that an action by Wilson immediately after the shooting, visible on video, might have been him trying to clear the now-jammed gun's feed so as to fire again. On cross he admitted to the defense that the glass in the door was opaque enough to make it hard to tell what kind of person was outside. Four days of the state's case concluded with this witness, save the trauma surgeon who had attempted to treat Heidelberg at the hospital. His testimony was delayed for several days so he could recover from an illness. When he did take the stand, midway through the defense case-in-chief, he told jurors that by the time Heidelberg had been brought in he had lost a lot of blood and had no vital signs. The injury he had suffered, a transected subclavian artery, is not generally considered survivable. After the prosecution rested, a defense motion for a directed verdict on the grounds that the state had not offered enough evidence to demonstrate that Wilson had acted out of any motive other than self-defense was denied. Defense The defense began its case with its own expert witness, Albert Rodriguez, who attested to his years of training law enforcement on when to use force to resolve a situation. He also stated that he had testified in many other trials on the subject, to which the prosecution objected on the grounds that most of those trials had been over officer-involved shootings rather than justifiable homicide incidents such as the instant case. After a long argument outside the presence of the jury, the judge overruled it. On direct examination, Rodriguez testified to the typical response pattern of individuals in a situation like Wilson found himself in, mostly but not always police officers. In many instances they could not remember the incident clearly. On cross, asked by Nodolf if Wilson could reasonably have felt threatened with the

flashlight pointing to his left as she believed it had been, he said that he could not state that based only on that fact. Another law enforcement trainer, Jared Zwickey, followed Rodriguez. He endorsed every point Rodriguez had made, and noted the difference between what the officers saw and what was on the Wilsons' cameras, owing to the latters' use of infrared. Chris Russell, an alarm company owner, testified as an expert on that aspect of the case. He noted that it is very difficult for a homeowner to change the settings on their alarm system and it is usually done by the company. Russell then went on to testify about the issues with the alarm system that led to what the defense called a "perfect storm of unfortunate consequences" which led to Heidelberg's death. When installed, the alarm system had been set to test itself daily between midnight and 1 a.m. A failure would go into a log that technicians at the alarm company would examine the next day and do whatever maintenance needed to be done. But almost two weeks before the shooting, the alarm code had been remotely changed by the installer so that instead of just making a log entry, it would trigger an actual alarm that the monitoring company would notify local police about. Russell pointed out that while Texas requires that all operators monitoring alarms have a license to do so, in New Jersey only the company needs to be licensed. He believed licensed operators would have seen the second error code and alerted police that the system was possibly faulty and there was probably no burglary being attempted. The defense also introduced evidence that there had been two earlier incidents where alarms were reported at the Wilsons. Both times the monitoring company had attempted to contact them. A day later, the prosecution was allowed to call Russell for part of its rebuttal case as he had to leave the area. He and Nodolf went over the 33-second time frame between when the Wilsons awoke and the shooting. Noting that the record showed an attempt to access the system after that period, she asked if it had not been possible for Wilson to have accessed the view from the cameras from his phone during that time. Russell said that he did not think that was what Wilson would have done in that situation. The

next expert defense witness was Manuel Meza-Arroyo, an industrial engineer who specialized in collision avoidance. He had prepared photographs recreating what Wilson and the responding officers might have seen that night as they approached the door from their respective positions, as they appeared under the lighting conditions available. At the door he noted that Wilson might have perceived two lights due to a reflective table surface just outside the entrance. On cross Nodolf questioned him as to how possible it was that his recreations were not exactly what Wilson saw that night; Meza-Arroyo answered that they were the best he could do with the information he had available and that he did not think it was possible to state what Wilson may actually have seen. A mechanical engineer, Daniel Kruger, came next, presenting computer animations of the crime scene he had made based on data Meza-Arroyo had provided him. He conceded on cross that he had never actually been to the house and derived his animations entirely from that data. Questions about the light sources available resulted in Meza-Arroyo being recalled to the stand when Kruger said his expertise did not extend to that area. The prosecution asked Meza-Arroyo about the lights mounted on some of the palm trees in the Wilsons' front yard, which were providing illumination at the time of the shooting. Had his team considered them in assembling their recreations, they asked. Might the light from them have made Heidelberg and the police more visible than the animation and recreations suggested? Meza-Arroyo said they did not, in the same way that a light mounted on a pole a great distance away is visible, but it cannot shed light on anything that is not in its proximity. After the break created by calling Russell to the stand for rebuttal, the defense resumed with Amy Wilson's testimony. She recounted how she had met her husband and started her family with him as his business became more and more successful, leading them to buy their house and move in. When they did, she recalled, the metal roof caused issues with not only the alarm system but many other devices in the house that relied on the Internet. She also testified to her husband's proficiency with firearms, saying that although he was not a "gun nut" he had plenty of experience handling them. Amy then recalled the night of the shooting

from her perspective. David had helped her climb up to retrieve the Glock from the closet shelf where they had placed it to prevent any of their daughters from being able to get it. The defense introduced photos showing both the extensive amount of clothes in the closet and the house's thick insulation to explain why neither of them might have been able to hear Heidelberg say "come to the sound of my voice". She explained that they had not used their phones to check the security cameras until after David fired since they were afraid the intruders might already have entered the house. On cross, Nodolf pointed out to Amy that on direct she had admitted not hearing any voices on the house, contradicting what she told the dispatcher when calling 9-1-1. She then asked Amy to point on the diagram of the house's first floor where the speaker that announced "door open" when Allee had opened it was; Amy indicated it was on the ceiling of the main hall near her daughters' bedrooms. That, Nodolf noted, was further from the master bedroom than the front door was from the bedroom closet. Yet she had heard it clearly but claimed not to have heard Heidelberg outside. After Amy the defense briefly put on the previous owner of the Wilsons' house. He testified that he had added the extra insulation to make the house not only warmer but quieter. He was followed by David Wilson, who after briefly recapitulating his work history talked about the community groups he was involved with. That led to his account of the night he shot Heidelberg. He reiterated his fear for his family's safety and that he believed he was firing at an intruder, not a police officer. Wilson had offered to testify to this before the grand jury, let them visit his home and have sound testing done in his house, but, he said, none of those things had happened. As she had with Amy, Nodolf focused on discrepancies between his recollections and the established facts. She pointed out that while he recalled seeing flashlights in use outside of the house, none of the police said any had turned theirs on until Heidelberg did. David agreed that the testimony was correct but maintained that in his mind at the time he was sure there had been lights. The two went increasingly back and

forth over this until the defense loudly objected. After Wilson agreed that there had been only two seconds at most between when Heidelberg had reopened the door and when he had announced himself as police, Nodolf questioned him at length. How fast could he have left the closet, she wanted to know. Perhaps, she said, Wilson might have been in a better position to hear Heidelberg. In his interview with the Rangers, she noted he said he had heard voices outside. Nodolf suggested that if Wilson had waited just a little longer, Heidelberg might have repeated himself and there would have been no need to shoot. Wilson said that while that might have been true, he did not think he had time to do that since there was an intruder outside. The defense concluded its case with a series of character witnesses who had worked with Wilson in the various community groups he had been involved with. Another motion for a directed verdict was denied. Verdict In closing arguments, the prosecution clarified the legal issues for the jury. Nodolf reminded them that they did not all have to agree on the same theory that it was murder, just that it was murder. If they did come to that conclusion, then they had to consider whether Wilson's actions were legal self-defense. The defense followed, reiterating that legally he had the right to respond with deadly force to an apparent threat as if it were real. They also said it was shameful of the prosecution to put Heidelberg's family through the details of the killing again. In a rebuttal argument the prosecution told the jury they could best evaluate the credibility of the many witnesses by comparing their statements on the stand. Nodolf ended her arguments noting that while Heidelberg could have returned fire after being shot, he did not. The jury retired and returned after an hour and a half with a verdict of not guilty. Nodolf told the media that while she had hoped for a different outcome, her office respected the jury's verdict. With gun laws changing rapidly, she added, the case as a whole showed how important it was in situations like the one that had given rise to it to stop and think for a second or two before pulling the trigger. "Nobody won", said Brian Carney, Wilson's lead lawyer. "Despite the fact Mr. Wilson was acquitted,

he'll be in a prison of his mind every day. Everywhere he goes, people will say, 'That's the guy that shot that cop.'" Public reaction In the Midland area, like all of West Texas, support for both law enforcement and the right to keep and bear arms, two positions Wilson's prosecution potentially pitted against each other, is strong. The day after the verdict, callers to a local talk show on KWEL radio generally saw the whole affair as a tragedy, finding fault with neither side. "Most people are of the opinion, what a terrible thing it was—a lot of suffering on both sides here", said host Craig Anderson. Callers agreed the right to keep firearms in the home for self-defense carried great responsibility. "If you see someone in your yard at 3 a.m. with a flashlight, don't shoot. It could be a lady looking for her dog, or a boy looking for his football, or it could be a cop", said one. "But what in the devil do you do when it's in the doorway?" For Sara Spector, a local defense attorney and former prosecutor, the case argued against Texas's permissive self-defense laws. Carney similarly saw it as inevitable: "If you walk into someone's home uninvited at night in Texas, bad things happen." But to him that avoided the real issue: "If this had been anybody other than a cop, would we even be having this conversation?" Civil litigation While the trial was pending, in 2021, both Wilson and the Heidelberg family sued the alarm installer and monitoring company, alleging its negligence had caused the prosecution and death respectively. The Heidelbergs additionally named Wilson a defendant. Wilson named two individual employees of the monitoring company as well. Both asked a million dollars in damages. There were some slight differences in the factual accounts. Wilson's complaint claims the monitoring company's failure to notify the police that the second test of the alarm suggested a malfunction led to the police entering the house. The Heidelbergs' suit stated he was on the porch at the time of the shooting. They also pointed to the Wilsons' system of night vision cameras, suggesting as the prosecution would at the trial that he had the capability to better ascertain who was outside before shooting. Attempt to remove district attorney In June 2022 Wilson filed a formal petition under state law to have Nodolf removed from office

over alleged misconduct during the case. His complaints included: that Nodolf had searched the Wilson house for evidence on her own, without obtaining a warrant, the day after the shooting; that to secure the upgraded murder indictment, she had shown the grand jury a purported copy of a contract amendment Wilson had signed with the alarm company canceling the silent alarm notification, when in fact Wilson had never signed such an agreement; that she had generally abused the grand jury process in order to win the case, and that she had offered unsworn testimony including misstatements of material fact during the trial in the form of remarks she made about the effects of acoustic paneling inside the house. Frank Sellers, one of the lawyers representing Wilson in the case, said there were others funding the effort as those behind felt that Wilson's case was not the only one Nodolf had behaved illegally in. A visiting judge, Kelly Moore of Lubbock, was assigned to hear the case. Two weeks later, she declined to certify the petition, ending the case since that decision could not be appealed. See also Deaths in 2019 List of law enforcement officers killed in the line of duty in the United States Cory Maye, Mississippi man convicted in killing of police officer raiding his home Ryan Frederick, Virginia man convicted in killing of police officer in his home References 2019 deaths Killings in the United States Justifiable homicide Deaths by firearm in Texas Deaths by person in Texas March 2019 events in the United States 2019 in Texas Murder trials 2020s trials 21st-century American trials Midland, Texas

Anna-Joséphine Dufour-Onofrio (1817-1901), was a French-Swiss businessperson. She was the owner of the major Etamine manufacture company Dufour & Cie from 1842, and developed it to an internationally important company. She founded the Thal Hospital. The Dufour & Cie was united with Thal et Zurich in 1907 and became the Sefar in 1995. References 1817 births 1901 deaths 19th-century Swiss businesswomen 19th-century Swiss businesspeople

Carlos Costa was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Gastón Etlis. Thomas Muster won the title by defeating Andrea Gaudenzi 6–2, 6–0 in the final. Seeds Draw Finals Top half Bottom half References External links Official results archive (ATP) Official results archive (ITF) San Marino CEPU Open 1995 ATP Tour

Francesca Sanna Sulis (1716-1810), was an Italian businessperson. She was the inventor of the traditional women's silk kap known as cambussciu. Catherine the Great was among her costumers. She founded the charitable insitutition in Quartucciu on Sardinia. The public library in Quartucciu, as well as the Museum of women entrepreneurs (MIF) in Muravera has been named after her. References 1716 births 1810 deaths 18th-century businesswomen 18th-century Italian businesspeople 18th-century Italian women 19th-century businesswomen 19th-century Italian businesspeople 19th-century Italian women

Alberto Berasategui was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Nicolás Lapentti. Richard Fromberg won the title by defeating Andrea Gaudenzi 6–1, 7–6(7–2) in the final. Seeds Draw Finals Top half Bottom half References External links Official results archive (ATP) Official results archive (ITF) 1997 Singles Singles 1997 in Romanian tennis

Jason Dudley (born 10 November 1984) is an Australian former decathlete. Dudley was based in Queensland and coached by Eric Brown. In 2001, Dudley was a bronze medalist in the octathlon at the 2001 World Youth Championships in Hungary. At the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Dudley scored 8001 points in the decathlon to finish in the bronze medal position. He had held the lead going into the final phase after setting a personal best to win the javelin event, but fell two places by only finishing fifth in the 1,500 metres race. Dudley was national champion in the decathlon in 2006 and 2008. References External links Jason Dudley at World Athletics 1984 births Living people Australian decathletes Australian male athletes Sportsmen from Queensland Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Australia Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Commonwealth Games Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games

MoviLine was the brand name of one of the analogue mobile telephony services marketed in Spain by the National Telephone Company of Spain (Telefónica). The MoviLine brand was used to popularize the service and hide from the end user its technical acronym TMA-900A (Automatic Mobile Telephony operating on the 900 MHz- frequency). It was launched in 1990 (although the Moviline brand was introduced in 1993) with the aim of serving a growing demand and solving the spectrum congestion problems of the current system, the TMA-450. While that was based on the NMT standard, MoviLine used ETACS. Although the license allowed Telefónica to offer the service until 1 January 2007, the service closed on 31 December 2003 at the company's request. During its history, the analogue system made it possible to offer greater coverage than the digital one, especially in rural and coastal areas. This made it especially attractive to cover areas far from urban centers and to provide service to boats. On the other hand, the sound quality was poor, data transmission was slow and communications were susceptible to capture by frequency scanners. The fastest growth in subscribers occurred from the beginning of 1995 to January 1996, going from 400,000 to 900,000 and bordering on its technical limit, estimated at one million. The frequencies in the 900 MHz band used by the service remained for a time for use in Rural Telephony for Cellular Access. Subsequently, these frequencies were assigned by the CMT to Telefónica Móviles (which used it for its digital service, under the brand Movistar) and Amena, which did not have a presence in the 900 band. References Bibliography See also Telecommunications in Spain Movistar Resolución por la que se finaliza el servicio MoviLine («BOE» núm. 312, de 30 de diciembre de 2003, páginas 46701 a 46702). Telefónica

Gertraut Munk (1590-1625), was an Austrian businessperson. She was the Court Jew of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. References 1590 births 1625 deaths 17th-century businesswomen 17th-century businesspeople 17th-century Austrian women 17th-century Jews Court Jews Women bankers Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor

Alan B. Davidson is an American government official and attorney who has served as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information since January 14, 2022. In this role, Davidson serves as Administrator of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). Davidson previously served within the Department of Commerce during the Obama Administration, where he served as director of digital economy. Prior to joining the NTIA, Davidson worked at the Mozilla Foundation, where he was a senior adviser and former vice president. Earlier in his career, Davidson worked at non-profit advocacy organizations including the Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT), and as a public policy staffer for Google. Education Davidson received a bachelor's degree in mathematics and computer science and a master's degree in technology and policy from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He later attended Yale Law School, where he was symposium editor of the Yale Law Journal. Career Davidson began his career as a computer scientist and later joined Booz Allen & Hamilton as a senior consultant. Google Davidson was hired as Google’s first policy staffer in 2005, and has been credited with helping boost the firm's lobbying presence in Washington, D.C. During his time in the role, which concluded in 2012, he helped the company as it navigated scrutiny by the Department of Justice (DOJ). Davidson testified before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary's Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law on Google's behalf in 2010. Obama Administration In 2015, he joined the Department of Commerce as the first director of digital economy. According to a report by Politico, Davidson's appointment was motivated by the fact that while "[Department of] Commerce has its fingers in nearly every Internet policy debate taking place today", the department "has lacked a unified voice on those issues." Advocacy work In addition to his private sector work, Davidson worked at advocacy organizations including the Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT) and the New America Foundation. At the time of his nomination to lead the NTIA, Davidson was a senior adviser and former vice president at the Mozilla Foundation. National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) Nomination In 2021, Davidson was nominated by President Joe Biden to serve as director of the NTIA. At the time of his nomination, the NTIA was led by acting administrator Evelyn Remaley. On January 11, 2022, he was confirmed by the United States Senate in a 60–31

vote. Tenure Davidson was sworn into office on January 14, 2022. Under Davidson's leadership, the NTIA will be tasked with allocating the $48 billion in funding for broadband deployment included in the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021. In December 2022, Davidson praised the initial draft of a national broadband map, which was produced by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In 2023, the NTIA released a report on app store competition that concluded that Google and Apple serve as "gatekeepers" of the app market ecosystem. In a call with journalists, Davidson said that the report concluded that Google and Apple's administration of the Play Store and App Store, respectively, show "real potential harm for consumers" by "inflating prices and reducing innovation". References Biden administration personnel Yale Law School alumni United States Department of Commerce officials Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni Year of birth missing (living people) Living people

Grand Central Terminal, a train station in Manhattan, New York City, has been the subject, inspiration, or setting for literature, television and radio episodes, and films. Film and television Many film and television productions have included scenes shot in the terminal. The MTA hosts about 25 large-scale and hundreds of smaller or amateur productions every year. Kyle McCarthy, who handles production at Grand Central, said, "Grand Central is one of the quintessential New York places. Whether filmmakers need an establishing shot of arriving in New York or transportation scenes, the restored landmark building is visually appealing and authentic." Especially during World War II, Grand Central has been a backdrop for romantic reunions between couples. After the terminal declined in the 1950s, it was more frequently used as a dark, dangerous place, even a metaphor for chaos and disorientation, featuring chase scenes, shootouts, homeless people, and the mentally ill. In the 1990 film The Freshman, for example, Matthew Broderick's character stumbles over an unconscious man and watches fearfully as petty crimes take place around him. Almost every scene filmed in the terminal's train shed was shot on Track 34, one of the few areas without view-blocking structural columns. The first filmed scene in which Grand Central Terminal appears may be the 1909 short comedy Mr. Jones Has a Card Party, while still under construction. The terminal's first cinematic appearance was in the 1930 musical film Puttin' On the Ritz, and its first Technicolor appearance was in the 1953 film The Band Wagon. Some films from the 20th century, including Grand Central Murder, The Thin Man Goes Home, Hello, Dolly!, and Beneath the Planet of the Apes used reconstructions of Grand Central, built in Hollywood, to stand in for the terminal. The Bollywood film Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna uses other American train stations standing in for Grand Central. Additionally, the terminal was drawn and animated for use in the animated films Madagascar (2005) and Wreck-It Ralph (2012). Other films in which the terminal appears include: The Breakdown (1912) Going Hollywood (1933) Hold Your Man (1933) Twentieth Century (1934) Spellbound (1945) The Clock (1945) Ma and Pa Kettle Go to Town (1950) North by Northwest (1959) Seconds (1966) The Out-of-Towners (1970) The French Connection (1971) Necrology (1971) Superman (1978) A Stranger Is Watching (1982) Koyaanisqatsi (1982) Escape from the Bronx (1983) Falling in Love (1984) The Cotton Club (1984) Chronos (1985) Midnight Run

(1988) The House on Carroll Street (1988) Großer Bahnhof (1990) Loose Cannons (1990) The Fisher King (1991) The Prince of Tides (1991) Baraka (1992) Carlito's Way (1993) Hackers (1995) One Fine Day (1996) The Ice Storm (1997) Armageddon (1998) Godzilla (1998) U.S. Marshals (1998) Men in Black II (2002) I Am Legend (2007) Revolutionary Road (2008) Arthur (2011) Friends with Benefits (2011) The Avengers (2012) The Girl on the Train (2016) The Commuter (2018) John Wick: Chapter 3 (2019) Notable documentaries about the terminal include Grand Central, a 1982 film narrated by James Earl Jones and featuring Philip Johnson and Ed Koch. On October 19, 2017, several of these films were screened in the terminal for an event created by the MTA, Rooftop Films, and the Museum of the Moving Image. The event featured a cinematic history lecture by architect and author James Sanders. Grand Central Terminal's architecture, including its Main Concourse clock, are depicted on the stage of Saturday Night Live, a long-running NBC television show. Warren and Wetmore designed The soundstage reconstruction of the terminal in Studio 8H was first installed in 2003. Literature Literature featuring the terminal includes Report on Grand Central Terminal, written in 1948 by nuclear physicist Leo Szilard; The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger; The House of Mirth by Edith Wharton; Grand Central Murder by Sue MacVeigh, which was made into the eponymous film in 1942; A Stranger Is Watching by Mary Higgins Clark; and the 1946 children's classic The Taxi That Hurried by Lucy Sprague Mitchell. The infrastructure in Grand Central inspired the novel The Invention of Hugo Cabret, and in turn, the film Hugo. The dangerous life of homeless men and women in Grand Central and its tunnels and passageways inspired Lee Stringer's Grand Central Winter: Stories from the Street and Tina S.'s collaboration with journalist Jamie Pastor Bolnick in the autobiography Living at the Edge of the World: A Teenager's Survival in the Tunnels of Grand Central Station. Art Other works Grand Central Station, an NBC radio drama set at the terminal, ran from 1937 to 1953. Among the video games that feature the terminal are Marvel's Spider-Man, True Crime: New York City, and Tom Clancy's The Division. A Lego replica of the terminal is situated in Miniland USA, an exhibit at Legoland California. The cutaway model shows elaborate interior details of the station building. References Notes Sources

Grand Central Terminal Grand Central Terminal

The 1982–83 season was Fulham's 88th as a professional club in the Football League. They competed in the Second Division and narrowly missed out on a second consecutive promotion following an infamous defeat at Derby County in their final match. Season summary For much of the season, the prospect of back-to-back promotions for Fulham was a serious possibility. At the start of 1983, they were in third place behind Wolverhampton Wanderers and Queens Park Rangers, and were seven points clear of fourth-placed Leicester City with a game in hand by the end of March. However, successive defeats to Leicester, Sheffield Wednesday and QPR saw Fulham drop out of the promotion places for the first time since November. Going into their final match of the season at relegation-threatened Derby, they were level on points with Leicester but with an inferior goal difference, their destiny now out of their hands. While Leicester were being held to a goalless draw at home by Burnley, Fulham fell behind to a 71st-minute goal by Bobby Davison. The final minutes were played out amid chaotic scenes with Derby supporters lining the pitch, many spilling on to the playing area, and a full scale pitch invasion greeted what appeared to be the final whistle. It later transpired referee Ray Chadwick had actually blown for an offside decision and there were still 78 seconds to go, but there was little hope of the match restarting. Fulham manager Malcolm Macdonald immediately called for the match to be replayed and the club lodged an official appeal on the following Monday, which was rejected by the Football League. A further appeal against this decision also failed, ending Fulham's hopes of returning to the First Division for the first time since 1968. Squad Substitute appearances indicated in brackets Second Division Results Second Division Milk Cup FA Cup References Bibliography 1982–83 in English football Fulham F.C. seasons English football clubs 1982–83 season

Joshua Key may refer to: Joshua Key (soldier) Joshua Key (footballer)

Limey is a slang nickname for a British person. It may also refer to: The Limey, a 1999 American crime film Limey (band), an English pop/rock band Limey (mixtape), the debut mixtape by Rainy Milo Limey-Remenauville, a commune in Meurthe-et-Moselle, France Limey Way, a challenge walk through Derbyshire, England See also Limay (disambiguation) Limeyrat

is a Japanese voice actress from Niigata Prefecture who is affiliated with I'm Enterprise. After graduating from the Japan Narration Actor Institute, she made her voice acting debut in 2019. She played her first main role in 2022 as Serufu, the protagonist of the anime series Do It Yourself!!. She has also played the role of Ange in Black Summoner and is scheduled to voice Ellie in Synduality. Filmography Anime 2019 Aikatsu on Parade! as Student 2022 Do It Yourself!! as Serufu Yua Black Summoner as Ange 2023 Synduality as Ellie References External links Agency profile I'm Enterprise voice actors Japanese voice actresses Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Voice actresses from Niigata Prefecture

The women's doubles soft tennis event was part of the soft tennis programme and took place between 14 and 15 December 1998, at the Thammasat Tennis Field. Schedule All times are Indochina Time (UTC+07:00) Results Round robin Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D Final round References Results Results External links soft-tennis.org Soft tennis at the 1998 Asian Games

Julian Schmid may refer to: Julian Schmid (politician) Julian Schmid (skier) See also Julian Schmidt (disambiguation)

Anne Rosine Noilly-Prat (1825-1902), was a French businessperson. She was the owner of the Noilly Prat from 1865. As such, she was one of the biggest business figures in France during the Second Empire. References 1825 births 1902 deaths 19th-century French businesswomen 19th-century French businesspeople

Juan Pablo Torres may refer to: Juan Pablo Torres (musician) (1946–2005), Cuban trombonist, bandleader, arranger and producer Juan Pablo Torres (soccer) (born 1999), American soccer player See also Juan Torres (disambiguation)

Cryptops australis is a species of centipede in the Cryptopidae family. It was first described in 1845 by British entomologist George Newport. It occurs in Australia and New Zealand. Description These small centipedes grow to about 3 cm in length. They inhabit wet forests, where they are found underneath and within rotting logs. Their colouration is orange-brown. They are blind and have 21 pairs of legs. References australis Centipedes of Australia Fauna of New South Wales Fauna of Victoria (Australia) Arthropods of New Zealand Animals described in 1845 Taxa named by George Newport

Elias Lindo was a British Sephardic Jewish merchant, author and historian. Early Life He was born in London in 1783. His father, Moses Lindo, was a sworn broker on the Royal Exchange in London and President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews. Career He spent the first half of his life in the island of Saint Thomas, Danish West Indies where he was a leading merchant and president of the Synagogue. He was the first Junior Warden of Harmonic Lodge 356 EC in St. Thomas. He settled in England about 1832 and became an author and historian. He published calendars in 1832 and 1860, with an essay on the structure of the Jewish calendar, tables and general information. In 1842 he published a translation of the "Conciliador" of Manasseh ben Israel. In 1849 he published "History of the Jews if Spain and Portugal". He was warden of Bevis Marks Synagogue several times warden and published a catalogue of the works in its library. References 1783 births British writers British merchants British historians British Jews Year of death missing

Aculithus is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Phrurolithidae. It was first described by Ke-Ke Liu & Shuqiang Li in 2022. Species , it contains seven species: Aculithus bijiashanicus (Liu, 2020) (type) — China Aculithus chongyi Liu & S. Q. Li, 2022 — China Aculithus fabiformis (Liu, Xu, Xiao, Yin & Peng, 2019) — China Aculithus hippocampus (Jin, Fu, Yin & Zhang, 2016) — China Aculithus subfabiformis (Liu, 2020) — China Aculithus taishan Liu & S. Q. Li, 2022 — China Aculithus xunwu Liu & S. Q. Li, 2022 — China References Phrurolithidae genera Spiders of Asia Phrurolithidae

Charles E. Taylor also known as "Red Flag" Taylor and "Red Flag Charlie" was an American politician, editor, orator, who served as a member of the Montana State Senate from January 5, 1925 to March 9, 1925, from January 3, 1927 to March 5, 1927, and from January 7, 1929 to March 13, 1929. Taylor started off as an editor of The Producers News which was a popular farmer-labor newspaper in Plentywood. He joined the Communist Party of the United States of America in 1922 but kept it a secret from the public. During the early 1920s, Montana was affected by droughts which had farmers lose about 2 million acres of land in 11,000 farms which was about 20% of all farm land in Montana. The first communist to be elected during this time (and in the United States as a whole) was Rodney Salisbury who was an early follower of Taylor, who became Sheriff of Sheridan County from 1922 to 1928 due to Taylor's support. Taylor thought Salisbury was “an extremist and kind of a Wobbly type.” There was a rumor that that at about 5:45 AM on November 30, 1926, Salisbury, along with three other people, robbed the Treasurers Office getting away with $116,579.25 ($1,954,823.26 as of December 2022) in order to fund socialist activities, this rumor caused Salisbury to lose the 1928 election. On January 5, 1925, Taylor was elected to the Montana Senate. During his later years as a politician, his advocacy of the Communist Party contributed towards his political decline. When he was first elected as Farmer-Labor ticket to the Montana State Senate most people did not know he was a communist. References American newspaper editors Montana state senators Farmer–Labor Party (United States) Communist Party USA politicians Year of birth missing Place of birth missing Year of death missing Place of death missing

Furman Lester Fendley (May 16, 1918 – November 30, 2005) was an American politician. He served as a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives. Life and career Fendley was born in Westminster, South Carolina. In 1965, Fendley was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives, representing Union County, South Carolina. Fendley died in November 2005, at the age of 87. References 1918 births 2005 deaths People from Westminster, South Carolina Members of the South Carolina House of Representatives 20th-century American politicians

On 11 February 2023 at night, a man shot seven people with a shotgun in a bowling alley in Fafe, Braga District, Portugal Shooting The perpetrator, a man about 40 years old, had a discussion with another customer, during which the security team kicked him out of the establishment after he made the payment. At that time he threatened that he had a gun in his car. About 30 minutes later he came back with a shotgun but the staff tried to stop him. During the confusion the firearm was fired against a glass door, causing shrapnel to hit seven people. Four people, two male and two female, required hospital support and were transported to the Senhora da Oliveira Hospital, in Guimarães. One of them is the doorman. The gunman fled the scene but was identified by video surveillance cameras. He was then retained by security and detained by the GNR. He ended up being taken to the hospital because he felt sick. He will be present to the Investigating Judge when he is discharged from the hospital. References 2023 mass shootings in Europe Mass shootings in Portugal February 2023 crimes in Europe Non-fatal shootings

Elizabeth Freeman (born November 2, 1992) is an American voice actress from Oklahoma City. She is known for providing the English voices of Sempai in Magical Sempai, Trish Una in JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Golden Wind, Chizuru Mizuhara in Rent-A-Girlfriend, and Chisato Nishikigi in Lycoris Recoil. Biography Freeman started attending plays in her middle school years. During her senior year of high school, she became interested in voice-acting. She did voice impressions and was involved in indie works until transferring in Los Angeles, landing her first role there with the remaster of Secret of Mana. Filmography Anime 2019 Sword Art Online: Alicization as Cardinal The Promised Neverland as Mujika Lupin the 3rd: Goodbye Partner as Emilka Magical Sempai as Sempai Isekai Cheat Magician as Rin Azuma 2020 JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Golden Wind as Trish Una In/Spectre as Kotoko Iwanaga Magia Record: Puella Magi Madoka Magica Side Story as Felicia Mitsuki Ascendance of a Bookworm as Delia Rent-A-Girlfriend as Chizuru Mizuhara Monster Girl Doctor as Kunai Zenow, Dione Nephilim The Misfit of Demon King Academy as Ellen Mihais Tonikawa: Over the Moon for You as Chitose Kaginoji 2021 Adachi and Shimamura as Pancho The Hidden Dungeon Only I Can Enter as Emma Brightness Vivy: Fluorite Eye's Song as Momoka Kirishima Tokyo Revengers as Hinata Tachibana I've Been Killing Slimes for 300 Years and Maxed Out My Level as Falfa The Seven Deadly Sins: Dragon's Judgement as Orlondi Edens Zero as Labilia Christy, Mithra The Honor Student at Magic High School as Airi Isshiki Dropout Idol Fruit Tart as Tone Honmachi 2022 The Strongest Sage With the Weakest Crest as Alma Cells at Work! Code Black as White Blood Cell (Neutrophil) (8787) Blue Reflection Ray as Yuzu Lupin the 3rd Part 6 as Finn Clark Love Live! Superstar!! as Sumire Lycoris Recoil as Chisato Nishikigi Fate/Grand Carnival as Ritsuka Fujimaru PuraOre! Pride of Orange as Ayaka Mizusawa Web animation 2021 Sunset Paradise as Meggy Spletzer 2022 Pokémon: Hisuian Snow as Alec 2023 The Amazing Digital Circus as Pomni Video games 2012 Dust: An Elysian Tail as Bopo 2018 Dragalia Lost as Lily 2019 My Time at Portia as Toby Chocobo's Mystery Dungeon Every Buddy! as Croma Magnolie Pokémon Masters EX as Sabrina 2021 Cris Tales as Zas Genshin Impact as Yanfei Kraken Academy!! as Broccoli Girl, Ana 2022 Chocobo GP as Camilla Azure Striker Gunvolt 3 as Grazie References External links 1992 births

American video game actresses American voice actresses Actresses from Oklahoma City Living people

The 2024 elections for the Florida Senate will take place on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, to elect state senators from 20 of 40 districts. The Republican Party has held a Senate majority since 1995. District 1 Republican primary Candidates Frank White, former state representative District 3 Republican primary Candidates Corey Simon, incumbent state senator District 7 Republican primary Candidates Tom Leek, state representative District 9 Republican primary Candidates Stan McClain, state representative District 11 Republican primary Candidates Blaise Ingoglia, incumbent state senator District 15 Democratic primary Candidates Geraldine Thompson, incumbent state senator District 19 Republican primary Candidates Randy Fine, state representative District 21 Republican primary Candidates Ed Hooper, incumbent state senator District 23 Republican primary Candidates Danny Burgess, incumbent state senator from District 20 District 25 Democratic primary Candidates Kristen Arrington, state representative District 27 Republican primary Candidates Ben Albritton, incumbent state senator and Senate Majority Leader District 29 Republican primary Candidates Erin Grall, incumbent state senator District 31 Republican primary Candidates Gayle Harrell, incumbent state senator District 33 Republican primary Candidates Jonathan Martin, incumbent state senator District 35 Democratic primary Candidates Barbara Sharief, former mayor of Broward County District 39 Republican primary Candidates Bryan Avila, incumbent state senator See also 2024 Florida elections 2024 Florida House of Representatives election Politics of Florida Political party strength in Florida Florida Democratic Party Republican Party of Florida Government of Florida References Senate Florida Senate Florida Senate elections

Mixosiphonata is an extinct order of nautiloids that lived from the Carboniferous to the Early Cretaceous. It currently includes the genera Boggyoceras, Zhuravlevia, and possibly Ctenobactrites. They were the latest surviving orthoconic nautiloids, which had otherwise gone extinct in the Late Triassic. References Prehistoric cephalopod orders Nautiloids

Darul Uloom Deoband was established in 1866 in the Saharanpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India, as part of the anti-British movement. It gave rise to a traditional conservative Sunni movement known as the Deobandi movement. The Deobandi Movement has an international presence today, with its full-fledged manifestation in South Africa, a country where the movement was initiated through the Indian Gujarati merchant class. The Islamic education system of the Deobandi movement, as well as the necessary components of social and political organizations such as Tablighi Jamaat, Sufism and Jamiat, are fully functioning effectively in South Africa, as they do in India. Madrasas in South Africa provide Islamic higher education and are now centers for Islamic education for foreigners who are interested in receiving a Deobandi-style education. Many of their graduates, especially from Western countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States, are Western students. Some of South African madrasas are recognized globally, providing fatwa services. South Africa is now known for producing exceptional Islamic literature through translation and compilation. Similarly, the Tabligh Jamaat is a hub in South Africa that spreads throughout South and East Africa. Graduates of South African madrassas spend their time in the path of the Tabligh Jamaat. Through the work of several spiritual personalities of the Deobandis, the tradition of Deoband's Tasawwuf (Sufism) has taken root in South Africa. Among them are Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi, Masihullah Khan, Mahmood Hasan Gangohi and Asad Madni. South African Deobandi Muslims have many important and influential educational and socio-political organizations that educate the people and play an important role in religious and social activities. Among them are Jamiatul Ulama South Africa and the Muslim Judicial Council. Background In the late 19th and early 20th century, due to the migration of Muslim businessmen from Gujarat to Africa, Deobandi ideology reached Africa. In the 19th century, some Muslim students from Surat and Bharuch districts of Gujarat were admitted to Darul Uloom Deoband, and among them were some notable religious scholars. The first among them was Ahmed Bujurg Surti, who was a resident of Shimla in Surat. In 1903, he graduated from Darul Uloom Deoband. He was ordained by Bay'ah to Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, one of the founders of Darul Uloom Deoband. One of his teachers was also Mahmud Hasan Deobandi. After completing his studies in Deoband, he returned to his birthplace and later traveled to South Africa. Ismail Bismillah was

the second outstanding graduate of the Deoband who went to South Africa. Later, he went to Burma and then started teaching at the Jamia Islamia Talimuddin. Anyway, the first direct student of the Deoband from South Africa was Muhammad bin Musa Afrika. He was originally a resident of Simla, which is associated with Dabhel in the Surat district of Gujarat, but his family had moved to South Africa a few generations ago and established residence in Johannesburg. He was a student of the hadith scholar Anwar Shah Kashmiri at Deoband. After completing his studies, he returned to Johannesburg where, alongside his extensive business ventures, he provided extensive religious services. He founded the Waterval Islamic Institute in Johannesburg for teaching Islamic and contemporary sciences. He built a building for it and bore all its expenses himself. He was responsible for providing free boarding facilities for students in accordance with the arrangements of Darul Uloom Deoband. He was the president of the Jamiat Ulama-e-Transvaal for many years. He was primarily indebted to the huge financial assistance for the construction and progress of Jamia Islamia Talimuddin. He was always interested in academic work. He founded a writer's organization in Dabhel called Majlis-e-Ilmi where the credit for publishing important books by Indian scholars was due. He died on 16 April 1963, in Johannesburg. Ismail Ahmed Cachalia was the second prominent scholar of the Deoband in South Africa. Cachalia came from a powerful tradition of political activism. He completed his studies at Darul Uloom Deoband in 1930. Deoband played a role in shaping his politics because most of his teachers were members of the Indian National Congress or the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind. He was a prominent political activist in South Africa and was a member of the Joint Passive Resistance Committee in 1946 and was arrested for leading a batch of women resistors. The Government of India honored him with the Padma Shri in 1977. One of the most popular personalities of Deoband was Hussain Ahmed Madani, who was the Sheikhul Hadith of Darul Uloom Deoband for a long time. At that time, some of his students were from South Africa who had come or later went to South Africa. Among them were Muhammad Yusuf Pandor, who runs a madrasa, and Bayejid Afriki, who is his Khalifa. Abdul Hakeem Umarji, a senior scholar from South Africa who was a student of Madani, served as the president

of the Jamiatul Ulama KwaZulu-Natal. Among them, there were several more students who were registered as South Africans in Darul Uloom Deoband, they were: Muhammad Kasim Afriki (graduated in 1948) Nur Ali Afriki (1953) Muhammad Ismail Afriki (1954) Abdul Khalik Afriki (1955) Muhammad Yusuf Pandor (1956) Muhammad Kasim Bharat (1957) Muhammad Afriki (1957) There are a sufficient number of students from South Africa at Darul Uloom, and by the end of the 20th century, about 250 had arrived. But when South African Muslims establish their own large madrasas in their country, they do not have to go to Deoband and can stay at those madrasas without difficulty. In 1910, the Muslims of South Africa sent a large sum of money to Darul Uloom Deoband. Since then, their support has increased and there are a lot of sympathetic and supportive of Darul Uloom in various places in South Africa, such as Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, Transvaal, and KwaDukuza, and reached East Africa. Similarly, in 1920, Darul Uloom Deoband faced some financial difficulties in India, but this shortage was filled by valuable donations, especially from foreign countries, with South Africa playing a significant role in fulfilling this shortage. Due to the partition of India, a significant portion of the funding sources for Darul Uloom Deoband moved to Pakistan. Even during the economic crisis of 1951, the Muslims of South Africa continued to support Darul Uloom Deoband. Later, in 1971, a hostel named "Africi Manzil" was built for African students. Expansion Qari Muhammad Tayyib In 1963, Darul Uloom Deoband's rector Qari Muhammad Tayyib traveled to South Africa, which greatly helped strengthen the Deobandi ideology. About two thousand people from the four provinces of South Africa gathered at the airport in Johannesburg to welcome him. The mayor of Johannesburg and his wife were also present at a large police station. He stayed in Johannesburg for 15 days, then went to Durban and then to Cape Town. As a result of this journey, the misunderstandings about the Deobandi movement were dispelled and the identity of Darul Uloom Deoband became stronger. During this journey, he took a step so that the backward Muslim community could send their children to madrasas for religious education. Other madrasas Alongside Darul Uloom Deoband, several other Deobandi madrasas in India have played a role similar to that of Darul Uloom Deoband, among which is Mazahir Uloom. The Sheikhul Hadith of Mazahir Uloom, Muhammad

Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi, and then Mahmood Hasan Gangohi had a great influence on South African students. Masihullah Khan, Khalifa of Ashraf Ali Thanwi and principle of the Masihul Uloom Madrasa, also attracted students from South Africa. Jamia Islamia Talimuddin in Gujarat was a central madrasa that played a key role in creating the Indian Muslim community in South Africa. After Anwar Shah Kashmiri joined as the president of the madrasa, it reached new heights. Later, Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani, Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, Yusuf Banuri, and Badr-e-Alam Mirati joined the madrasa. Mirati later went to Medina. Mirati's numerous spiritual disciples spread throughout South Africa. Similarly, other Madrasahs of Gujarat like: Jamia Hussainia Rander, Jamia Ashrafia Rander, Darul Uloom Matiwala, Darul Uloom Tarkesar, Darul Uloom Kantaria etc. play an important role. Jamiatul Ulama Transvaal In 1919, Indian scholars established the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind, many of whom were students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi. Similarly, in 1923, South African Muslims established the Jamiat Ulama Transvaal, later known as the Jamiatul Ulama South Africa, which played a role in education in addition to religious contributions. In 1955, the Jamiat Ulama KwaZulu-Natal was established in KwaZulu-Natal with the primary goal of education. Many scholars were associated with this organization. The Jamiatul Ulama Gootenburg is another organization of the same kind established by Ayub Kachvi in 2006. Tablighi Jamaat Tablighi Jamaat is one of the main sources of influence of Deobandism in South Africa. Yusuf Kandhlawi, the second Amir of Tabligh, was interested in expanding Tabligh's activities in Africa. In 1956, under the leadership of Musa Surti, the first Tabligh Jamaat arrived in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, East Africa, Rhodesia, South Africa, Mauritius, Reunion, and other countries. After 1965, a trend of Tabligh Jamaat started in South Africa, and it became a center for the Tabligh Jamaat in South Africa. Countless Muslims join this movement and spread it in their countries. Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi There have been personalities who have influenced South African Indian Muslims, of whom the most notable is Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi. This renowned scholar was known as a Sheikhul Hadith and taught Hadith at Mazahir Uloom. He was one of the central figures of Tablighi Jamaat and was the author of more than a hundred religious texts. He was a spiritual guide who influenced many Muslims in South Africa to embrace Bay'ah or pledge of allegiance to him. Among them, he appointed several as his caliphs or

deputies. They include: Yusuf Motala, Haji Ibrahim Mutala, Muhammad Suleman Pandor, Ahmad Mia, Ibrahim Abdur Rahman Mia, and Muhammad Gardi. Masihullah Khan Masihullah Khan was a prominent Deobandi scholar and spiritual figure in India. He was the Khalifa of Ashraf Ali Thanwi. Under Thanwi's guidance, he came to Jalalabad in the Uttar Pradesh region of India and established a madrasa called Miftahul Uloom, which later became a large madrasa. Many students from South Africa studied at this madrasa and received Bay'ah from him. He appointed five people in South Africa as Khalifa or successor. Mahmood Hasan Gangohi Mahmood Hasan Gangohi was a Grand Mufti and Hadith teacher of Darul Uloom Deoband and Mazahir Uloom. As a spiritual personality, he was a senior Khalifa of Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi. Like Kandhlawi, he also influenced South African Muslims at the grassroots level. He authored many religious texts, including 32 volumes of Fatwa Mahamudiya. He had numerous South African and Gujarati students in Darul Uloom Deoband and Mazahir Uloom. Thousands of South African Muslims received Bay'ah from him, and he designated 30 of them as Khalifas or successors. They spread his extensive influence in their own regions, and some became famous in South Africa, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, including Ebrahim Desai. Asad Madni Hussain Ahmed Madani's elder son, Asad Madni, who was the president of Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind, had a significant influence among the Muslims in South Africa. He had many disciples in South Africa, many of whom he appointed as his successors. Education The South African Deobandi Darul Ulooms offer a 6 or 7-year course. They have introduced a 1-year bridging course or preparatory course, which is aimed at students who have no prior knowledge of the recitation of the Quran in Arabic, Urdu and other essentials. From the second year, the students are introduced into Islamic Jurisprudence (fiqh) of the Hanafi School beginning with a book entitled Nur al-Idah by Al-Shurunbulali (d. 1658) until the sixth year culminating in the teaching of al-Hidayah by Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani (d. 1782). Also in the second year, some Hadith and the translation of the meanings of the Quran from Arabic into English are taught along with Arabic grammar, etymology, syntax and literature. Most of these are taught through the Urdu medium. Some basic Persian and some texts on the rules regarding the correct recitation of the Quran (tajwid) are also taught. The third year is a

continuation of the subjects in the second year with the introduction of some exegesis of the Quran (tafsir) and the biography of the Prophet Muhammad. Subjects, such as tafsir, Arabic literature, syntax and tajwid, continue in the fourth year, with the addition of the laws of Islamic Inheritance and the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence, which is based on the book Usul ash-Shashi, which is difficult for a beginner. In the fifth year, tajwid and tafsir continue along with the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence with focus on a text known as Nur al-Anwar by Mulla Jiyun (d. 1715). The new subjects are rhetoric, Islamic theology (aqidah), the Principles of tafsir and some of the rules on the modes of recitation of the Quran. In the sixth year, the students study a work on tafsir known as al-Jalalayn, a Hadith work known as al-Mishkat, and they are introduced into the principles and terminology of Hadith. The final year is dedicated to a study of the six canonical books of Hadith, al-Muwatta and Sharh Ma’ani al-Athar. In comparison, the curriculum at Darul Uloom Deoband is similar with a few additional subjects because of the lengthier duration of the course. A comparison of the Darul Ulooms mentioned above reveals that the overall structure of the curriculum and the subjects is the same. The two South African institutions have less content in some subjects because of the 6-year course. The primary focus is on teaching the Hanafi School with an emphasis on Al-Hidayah, which deals with debates within a specific fiqh school. The different commentaries written on Al-Hidayah kept the scholars engaged and also ensured that the respective schools extrapolation of laws to new situations would always be of the highest quality. Al-Hidayah covers sections on worship, marriage, divorce, finance, business and inheritance. It provides few guidelines on government and judicial matters, which is understandable because governments and the style of governing change. Scholars Prominent Deobandi scholars from South Africa: Institutions Some notable Deobandi institutions in South Africa: Organizations Some notable Deobandi organizations in South Africa: See also Index of Deobandi movement–related articles References Further reading Islam in South Africa Deobandi movement by country 20th century in South Africa

The Amphisphaeriales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes and subclass Xylariomycetidae. Amphisphaeriales was circumscribed in 1986 by mycologists David Leslie Hawksworth and Ove Erik Eriksson, and Xylariomycetidae by Ove Erik Eriksson and Katarina Winka in 1997. The Amphisphaeriales as an order, was then treated as a synonym of Xylariales, just one year later (by authors Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1987). This classification was followed by subsequent authors and later supported by molecular data (Hawksworth et al. 1995). The order was then resurrected by Senanayake et al. (in 2015), to include Amphisphaeriaceae, Clypeosphaeriaceae and another four novel families derived from Amphisphaeriaceae (Bartaliniaceae, Discosiaceae, Pestalotiopsidaceae and Phlogicylindriaceae). These later 4 families were then synonymised by Jaklitsch et al. (in 2016). An older family name of Sporocadaceae was reestablished to accommodate them instead (Crous et al. 2015). Together with the 'Amphisphaeriaceae and 'Phlogicylindriaceae, the family of Sporocadaceae was then accommodated in the Xylariales order. As the Amphisphaeriales was not accepted due to a lack of phylogenetic support in their DNA analysis (Jaklitsch et al. 2016). DNA analysis in 2018 confirmed the placement of the order and subclass, it was a sister to the Xylariales order. Based on previous studies, Wijayawardene et al. (2018a) accepted 11 families in Amphisphaeriales. Then in 2020, more families (and genera) were added to the order. Generally, they have paraphyses that are dispersed among the asci and tapering from base to the tip, or abundant and branching to form a reticulum. They are often covered in gelatin. A lot of genera within the order have perithecia which are immersed in host tissue, with or without a clypeus. The asci are formed in a hymenium and have amyloid ascal apices and apical rings. Ascospores have variable shapes and variable numbers of septa, but most are hyaline, but pigmented ascospores are also known. Conidiogenesis tends to be holoblastic and then conidia are formed on denticles. Conidiophores are solitary or united into acervuli and are classified in genera such as Nodulisporium, Selenosporella, Microdochium and Pestalotiopsis. The fungi are found in a range of habitats, some are biotrophic on higher plants and others are saprophytic on forest detritus. The Amphisphaeriales includes fungi that have been included in the Xylariales order and also the Diatrypales order. Distribution Genera in the order have a cosmopolitan distribution. They are found in places such as China, Argentina, Italy, Austria (Amphisphaeria on Rhododendrons,) Montana, USA and

(all over) Australia. Families As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020 (with amount of genera); Amphisphaeriaceae (4) Apiosporaceae (4) Beltraniaceae (9) Castanediellaceae (1) Clypeophysalosporaceae (4) Hyponectriaceae (17) Iodosphaeriaceae (1) Melogrammataceae (1) Oxydothidaceae (1) Phlogicylindriaceae (3) Pseudomassariaceae (4) Pseudotruncatellaceae (1) Sporocadaceae (35) Vialaeaceae (1) Genera incertae sedis: Chitonospora (1) References Ascomycota orders Lichen orders Taxa described in 1986

Valley of Fire is a state park in Nevada, United States. It may also refer to: Valley of Fire (album), a 2023 album by El Ten Eleven Valley of Fire (film), a 1951 American Western film

Tristan Roberts is an American politician. He represents the Windham-6 district in the Vermont House of Representatives. References External links Official website Democratic Party members of the Vermont House of Representatives Living people Year of birth missing (living people)

Hewlett Packard Enterprise El Capitan, is an upcoming exascale supercomputer, hosted at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, United States and projected to become operational in 2023. It is based on the Cray EX Shasta architecture. When deployed, El Capitan is projected to displace Frontier as the world's fastest supercomputer. Design El Capitan has been announced to use an unknown number of AMD Instinct MI300 CPUs. The MI300 consists of 24 AMD Zen AMD64-based CPU cores, and CDNA 3-based GPU integrated onto a single organic package, along with 128GB of HBMe RAM. The floor space and number of racks for El Capitan have not yet been announced. Blades are interconnected by HPE Slingshot 64-port switch that provides 12.8 terabits/second of bandwidth. Groups of blades are linked in a dragonfly topology with at most three hops between any two nodes. Cabling is either optical or copper, customized to minimize cable length. Total cabling runs . El Capitan has coherent interconnects between CPUs and GPUs, allowing GPU memory to be accessed coherently by code running on the Epyc CPUs. History El Capitan was ordered as a part of the Department of Energy's CORAL-2 initiative, intended to replace Sierra (supercomputer), an IBM/NVIDIA machine deployed in 2018. LLNL partnered with HPE Cray and AMD to build the system. References Cray products Exascale computers GPGPU supercomputers Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory X86 supercomputers 64-bit computers

Boggyoceras is an extinct genus of nautiloids that lived during the Carboniferous. It contains one valid species, B. centrale. Its fossils have been found in the Boggy Formation of Oklahoma. References Prehistoric nautiloid genera

The Indonesian one thousand rupiah coin (Rp1,000) is a coin of the Indonesian rupiah. It circulates alongside the 1,000-rupiah banknote. First introduced on 8 March 1993 as bimetallic coins, it is now minted as unimetallic coins, with the first of its kind appearing in 2010 and its latest revision being in 2016. First issue (1993-1997, 2000) This is the first issue of the 1,000-rupiah coin. Being bimetallic, it has a cupronickel outer edge and an inner circle made out of aluminum-nickel-bronze alloy. It weighs 8.6g, has a 26mm diameter, is 2.2mm thick, and has a jagged edge. The coin's obverse features the national emblem Garuda Pancasila with the year of issue in its aluminum-nickel-bronze inner circle and the lettering "BANK INDONESIA" on its cupronickel outer ring, while its reverse features an oil palm in the inner circle with the lettering "KELAPA SAWIT" (oil palm) as well as "Rp1000" on the outer ring. Coins of this kind bear the mint years 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, and 2000. This coin is subject to a controversy where several online vendors sell this coin for up to Rp100 million apiece while in reality these coins are only sold at a retail price of Rp3,000 through Rp10,000 apiece, with the highest proof-grade coins being worth up to Rp4,000,000. Furthermore, this coin is also still legal tender, which means that its actual numismatic value is far more minuscule than what was initially thought. Second issue (2010) The Rp1,000 coin was reminted again, this time as a unimetallic coin made out of nickel-plated steel, in 2010. It was first announced on 20 July of the same year. Its obverse contains the national emblem Garuda Pancasila as well as the lettering "1000 RUPIAH." Meanwhile, its reverse displays the West Javanese musical instrument angklung as well as the Gedung Sate in its capital Bandung and the lettering "ANGKLUNG" and "2010." Its diameter is 24.15mm, is 1.6mm thick, weighs 4.5g, and has a smooth edge. Third issue (2016) The Rp1,000 coins were redesigned on 19 December 2016. Its obverse now features the national hero I Gusti Ketut Puja, the national emblem Garuda Pancasila, and the lettering "REPUBLIK INDONESIA." Meanwhile, the reverse now contains the lettering "BANK INDONESIA," "1000 RUPIAH," and "2016," as well as a relief in the form of circles encircling its inner edge. Coins of this kind are minted with nickel-plated steel, weigh 4.5g, have a 24.1mm

diameter, is 1.45mm thick, and has a smooth edge. Non-circulating coin with portrait of General Sudirman (1970) Alongside the three circulating versions listed, the Bank of Indonesia also once minted a silver Rp1,000 non-circulating coin to commemorate Indonesia's 25th independence anniversary in 1970. This coin weighs 40g, has a diameter of 55mm, and has a reeded edge. On the obverse is the national emblem Garuda Pancasila, the Bank of Indonesia's logo, and the lettering "1945-1970" and "1000 RUPIAH" alongside the year of issue (1970). Meanwhile, the reverse of the coin features General Sudirman's portrait as well as the lettering "25 TAHUN KEMERDEKAAN" and "REPUBLIK INDONESIA." See also Coins of the rupiah References Indonesian rupiah Currencies of Indonesia

Zely Pierre Inzoungou-Massanga is a Congolese politician. He served as Representative of the Chairman and Deputy Chairperson of the Committee on Rules, Privileges and Discipline while a member of the Pan-African Parliament. He also occupied the Niari Department spot in the Republic of Congo Senate for the Action and Renewal Movement. References Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Republic of the Congo politicians

Omoo Peak is a mountain summit in British Columbia, Canada. Description Omoo Peak is located in the Battle Range of the Selkirk Mountains. The remote peak is set immediately west of Schooner Pass and approximately south of Glacier National Park. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north into Butters Creek and south into Houston Creek which are both tributaries of the Duncan River. Omoo Peak is more notable for its steep rise above local terrain than for its absolute elevation. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 1,450 meters (4,757 ft) above Houston Creek in . Etymology The landform is named after Omoo, which was a Herman Melville novel published in 1847. In the novel, "Omoo" was a Tahitian native whose name meant "a person who wanders," and is from the dialect of the Marquesas Islands in French Polynesia in the South Pacific Ocean which is the setting for the book. The name was submitted by author/mountaineer Robert Kruszyna in 1972 and follows the Herman Melville-associated naming theme of the area established in 1958–59 by the Sam Silverstein-Douglas Anger climbing party. The mountain's toponym was officially adopted on October 3, 1973, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. Climate Based on the Köppen climate classification, Omoo Peak is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Winter temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports a small unnamed glacier on the north slope of the peak. See also Geography of British Columbia Foremast Peak Outrigger Peak References External links Omoo Peak: Weather forecast Two-thousanders of British Columbia Selkirk Mountains Kootenay Land District

Iconic was a co-headlining concert tour by Filipino singers Sharon Cuneta and Regine Velasquez. Comprising 16 shows, it began on October 18, 2019, at the Araneta Coliseum in Manila and visited the United States. The tour is set to conclude on March 26, 2023, in Los Angeles. Initially conceived to include a six-date North American leg in May 2020, the tour was rescheduled and new shows were added after it was delayed by two years due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It resumed in June 2022 at the Resorts World Manila. The shows in the Philippines featured guest appearances by Pilita Corrales, Jeremy Glinoga, and Zephanie Dimaranan. In December 2022, another tour leg in North America was announced with shows scheduled to begin on March 17, 2023. Described as a production of "two unrivaled names in the music scene", the tour was Cuneta and Velasquez's first joint venture after the latter signed a deal with ABS-CBN in October 2018. It was inspired by their desire to perform each other's material from their early works, since they believe these would unite their different musical audiences. The set list included songs taken from the singers' discographies, as well as additional covers of various pop and OPM hits. The pair promoted the show extensively through television appearances and social media. Critics generally lauded the tour, praising the repertoire and both artists' chemistry and performance abilities. For their work, both singers earned an Aliw Award for Best Collaboration in a Concert in 2019, while Velasquez was named Female Concert Performer of the Year at the Star Awards for Music in 2021. Background and development Regine Velasquez's music was influenced by singer and actress Sharon Cuneta early in her career. She has been vocal of her admiration of Cuneta, who she cites as one of her musical inspirations and most revered idols. Since her childhood, Velasquez has considered Cuneta a role model and credits her as a key inspiration who led her to pursue a career in music. Velasquez remarked, "The first song I memorized was Mr. DJ. So, I have a [standard] Sharon Cuneta medley, and I’ve even seen most of her movies in the cinema." The pair first met in the late 1980s, and have often performed in various events and concerts with other acts. In June 2018, Cuneta stated that she hoped to collaborate with Velasquez for a concert. That October, Velasquez signed

a deal with Philippine television network . In partnership with the network, one of her first projects under the deal was a concert series, Regine at the Movies, for which Cuneta made a guest appearance. On July 17, 2019, Cuneta announced through the Philippine Daily Inquirer and her social media accounts that the pair would be partaking in a concert in October, which she described as a "love project". In August, it was revealed that a two-night show would be held on October 1819, at the Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City, with a show title called Iconic. Louie Ocampo and Raul Mitra were chosen as the music directors, while Rowell Santiago served as the stage director. It included appearances by Zephanie Dimaranan and Jeremy Glinoga as supporting acts. Tickets for the show went on sale for the general public on August 10. The prices for the tickets were from to . The concert was stated to have a total of 19 production numbers and will have a running time of two and half hours by the Daily Tribune, who noted it as an event of "two unrivaled names in the music scene", which will feature the pair performing each other's songs. When explaining the concept and title of the concert in an interview with the Manila Times, Cuneta asserted, "I think we've earned our place in show business... modesty aside, the word 'icon' should not be used very lightly... you should use it for certain people... there's a meaning to the word." The goal of the show was to bring two different groups of fans and music enthusiasts together, "It's not a showdown... our fans, when they come, they keep in mind that it's a collaboration", she said. In addition to online promotion, Cuneta and Velasquez made many appearances on television. They performed at variety shows, including ASAP Natin 'To, Gandang Gabi, Vice!, and It's Showtime. On November 6, 2019, the first part of the concert's behind-the-scenes video detailing the event premiered via Cuneta's YouTube channel. It showed rehearsals and preparations for the show and a snippet of her performing "Sana'y Wala Nang Wakas". In it, Cuneta stated that she is excited, yet nervous about the shows. She said, "Its two different styles coming together. It's like apples and oranges. When you put them together should make a very curious but beautiful combination." Music director Louie Ocampo said that the

process of selecting songs from both singers' extensive catalogue was a daunting task. The second behind-the-scenes video was released two weeks later, on November 22, 2019. During the video, Ocampo spoke of his admiration for the pair, highlighting that they are both grounded and straightforward. Following the two-night show in Manila, it was confirmed that a concert tour was due to begin in May 2020, visiting six venues around the United States. However, the US was being impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to social restrictions making the tour impossible to go ahead. No new dates were announced but there was the promise of further announcements to follow in due course. On March 4, 2022, ABS-CBNnews.com reported that Iconic was scheduled to be re-staged in Manila on June 1718, at the Marriott Grand Ballroom of Resorts World Manila, with Pilita Corrales announced as a special guest. On June 16, 2022, a behind the scenes video was released which previewed rehearsals and the press conference for the show. The North American tour was then rescheduled to begin in July 2022. It kicked off on July 9 in Lincoln, California at the Thunder Valley Casino Resort. In December, Cuneta officially announced another tour leg in North America planned for March 2023. Synopsis and reception The concert opened with an overture rendition of "Pangarap na Bituin". At the conclusion of the instrumental introduction, Velasquez descended down the stairs singing the first verses of the song. Cuneta then appeared onstage and followed with the second verse, before the pair continued performing the song as a duet. The duo then performed "You Are My Song" as the second number during the set. Velasquez then spoke briefly about the first song she memorized as a child, "Mr. DJ", before the pair began with the song and a medley of the Cuneta's movie theme songs. Cuneta leaves the stage and Velasquez sang a re-arranged version of her single "Dadalhin" followed by a cover of Cuneta's hit "Sinasamba Kita". As Velasquez left the stage, Cuneta began with "To Love Again" and transitioned to her cover of the former's song "Kailangan Ko'y Ikaw". The next segment opened with the duo singing a medley of the Ogie Alcasid-penned soundtrack themes of Velasquez's films: "Paano Kita Iibigin", "Pangako", and "Pangarap Ko ang Ibigin Ka". The pair then sat centerstage and sang "Kahit Maputi na ang Buhok Ko", before performing Velasquez's covers

of Ryan Cayabyab's songs, "Araw Gabi" and "Tuwing Umuulan". A medley of the duo's uptempo songs "Swing" and "Urong Sulong" were then performed, followed by a duet of Moira Dela Torre's "Kung Di Rin Lang Ikaw". A cover of The Juans's "Istorya" was then sang by Velasquez, followed by Cuneta's rendition of Juan Karlos Labajo's "Buwan". The final segment saw the pair singing "Bituing Walang Ningning", which was then followed by a mashup of "Narito Ako" and "Sana’y Wala nang Wakas". After the performance, the pair thanked the audience before exiting the stage. For the encore, the duo sang the love ballad "Ikaw", and then closed the show with a medley of 1980s music. The concert tour was met with positive responses from critics. In a review of the opening night, Leah Salterio writing for ABS-CBNnews.com deemed it an emotional show and described it as a "trip down memory lane". She commended the pair's palpable chemistry and united performance. Salterio concluded, "Two hours will never be enough to squeeze in all the memorable hits of the two superstar singers in just one concert, performed in only one stage." The following concerts for the duration of the tour were also met with high praise: Rito Asilo of the Philippine Daily Inquirer lauded the June 2022 production at the Resorts Word Manila for showcasing "entertainment" and "nostalgia", and opined that each entertainer gave the other the opportunity to be the center of attention, while acknowledging their different types of success. He complimented Velasquez's unrivaled "technique and mastery of her voice", while he appreciated Cuneta's performances that "brings out the heart and soul of any song she sings". For the joint venture, the pair won Best Collaboration in a Concert at the 2019 Aliw Awards. At the 2021 Star Awards for Music, the tour received a nomination in the category for Concert of the Year, while Velasquez was named Female Concert Performer of the Year. Set list The set list given below was performed on October 18, 2019. The list evolved over the course of the concert tour, and sometimes included other numbers. These included covers of songs by the Eraserheads, Kamikazee, and Ben&Ben. "Pangarap na Bituin" "You Are My Song" "Mr. DJ" / "High School Life" / "P.S. I Love You" / "Dear Heart" "Dadalhin" "Sinasamba Kita" "To Love Again" "Kailangan Ko'y Ikaw" "Paano Kita Iibigin" / "Pangako" / "Pangarap Ko ang

Ibigin Ka" "Kahit Maputi na ang Buhok Ko" "Araw Gabi" / "Tuwing Umuulan" "Swing" / "Urong Sulong" "Kung Di Rin Lang Ikaw" "Istorya" "Buwan" "Istorya" "Bituing Walang Ningning" "Narito Ako" / "Sana’y Wala nang Wakas" Encore "Ikaw" "Breakout" / "Into the Groove / "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" / "Gloria" / "No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)" / "I'm So Excited" Shows Cancelled Shows See also List of Regine Velasquez live performances References External links Tours of Regine Velasquez at Live Nation Regine Velasquez concert tours 2019 concert tours Concert tours postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic 2022 concert tours 2023 concert tours

Neurhermes is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae. Description Questions about whether Neurhermes and Protohermes are separate genera have been raised repeatedly, with several species being transferred between the two. Neurhermes can be differentiated from Protohermes by presence of protrusions from the sternite plate. Geologic uplift likely resulted in speciation across mainland southeast Asia, followed by dispersal to Sundaland. Species in Neurhermes and some in Protohermes were originally placed in the genus Hermes because of their dark coloration and yellow spots. The dark colors have been described as an example of homoplasious Batesian mimicry to the Zygaenidae moths. Neurhermes males produce large nuptial gifts of gelationous spermatophores, but maintain smaller weaponry and sexual dimorphism. Unlike most other dobsonflies, Neurhermes are active during the day, possibly meaning the dark wing color is more related to preventing hybridization with other sympatric genera. Nanocladius asiaticus have a commensal relationship with many Asian Corydalidae species, and Neurhermes maculipennis serves as the host in the Malay peninsula. Taxonomy Neurhermes contains the following species: Neurhermes costatostriata Neurhermes maculifera Neurhermes maculipennis Neurhermes nigerescens Neurhermes selysi Neurhermes sumatrensis Neurhermes tonkinensis References Corydalidae

Salmin Ismail Hoza, professionally known by his stage name Kusah, is a Tanzanian musician, singer and songwriter. He started getting attention as a songwriter but later rose to stardom after releasing songs such as Kelele, No Time, I Don't Care and I Wish which made him a household name in Tanzania. Early life Salmin Ismail was born in Bumbuli, Lushoto Tanga. As a child, Kusah became interested in music and entertainment where he used to sing in gatherings and even penned their school's anthem. After finishing high school Kusah landed in Dar es Salaam where he resided at his grandfather's house but later moved out of his grandfather's house to focus on his music career. As a singer, Kusah is usually described as a Bongo Flava artist, who also sometimes explores other genres like Afrobeats and Afro-Pop. In 2022, Kusah was featured by the legendary and one of the founders of the Bongo Fleva ggenre Dully Sykes, in a song titled Do Do Career Before his big break in the Tanzanian music industry, Kusah was a ghostwriter as he used to write songs for major A-List artists in Tanzania such as Ali Kiba, Nandy, Ben Pol, Ruby, Hamisa Mobeto and many others. Kusah became a household name after releasing Kelele featuring Ruby in 2018 and from there he released many successful singles such as I Don't Care, Nibebe, Mama Lao and I Wish which have amassed over 10 million streams on Boomplay. In September 2022, Kusah released his first project titled, Romantic EP featuring Nigeria's Johnny Drille and Kenya's Femi One. The project was critically acclaimed with Notjustok describing the EP as "Kusah's way of proving that he is the next Bongo Fleva Biggest Music Export." In 2022 he was nominated in The Tanzanian Music Awards as The Best Upcoming Artist and in the same year, he was ranked by various publications as one of the best upcoming artists in Tanzania 2022. Personal life Kusah is dating Tanzanian Bongo Movie Actress Known, as Aunty Ezekiel and the two are blessed with 2 kids. Their relationship is public and is usually a hot topic in the Tanzanian media. Discography I Wish I Don't Care Karibu Kelele Utaniua Te Amo Tamu On Fire No Time Huba References Living people 21st-century Tanzanian male singers

Pau Sans López (born 24 November 2004) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a forward for Deportivo Aragón. Club career Born in Zaragoza, Aragon, Sans joined Real Zaragoza's youth setup from UD Amistad. He made his senior debut with the reserves on 5 February 2023, playing the last eight minutes in a 1–1 Segunda Federación home draw against CD Teruel. Sans made his first team debut on 11 February 2023, coming on as a second-half substitute for fellow youth graduate Miguel Puche in a 4–1 Segunda División home loss against Deportivo Alavés. Career statistics Club References External links 2004 births Living people Footballers from Zaragoza Spanish footballers Association football forwards Segunda División players Segunda Federación players Real Zaragoza B players Real Zaragoza players

The 2023 season of Papua New Guinea National Rugby League competition will be the 33rd season of the premier rugby league competition in Papua New Guinea since 1991. Teams The competition will still have 12 franchise teams competing in 2022 with the inclusion of successful bid team, Sepik Pride at the expense of Waghi Tumbe who were terminated for breaching the participation agreement in 2022. Regular season Ladder The team highlighted in blue has clinched the minor premiership Teams highlighted in green have qualified for the finals The team highlighted in red has clinched the wooden spoon Finals series References Papua New Guinea National Rugby League 2023 in Papua New Guinea rugby league

Lemont Refinery is an oil refinery in Romeoville, Illinois owned and operated by Citgo Petroleum Corporation. Originally constructed in the early 1920s, it was reconstructed between 1968 and 1970 by its then owner Union Oil and has a current crude processing capacity of 177,000 barrels per day. The refinery was the site of the 1984 Romeoville petroleum refinery disaster in which 17 people were killed. The facility includes the following major units: one atmospheric distillation unit, one vacuum distillation unit, one fluid catalytic cracking unit, two catalytic reforming units, one alkylation unit, hydrodesulfurization units, and two coker units. References Energy infrastructure in Illinois Oil refineries in the United States

The EMK Sepik Pride are a semi-professional Papua New Guinean rugby league team from Wewak, East Sepik Province. They will be competing in the Papua New Guinea National Rugby League Competition and their maiden season will be in 2023. They will be playing their home games in Wewak. The Franchise is owned by EMK Constructions Ltd and was founded in 2018. 2023 squad See also References External links Papua New Guinean rugby league teams Rugby league in Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea National Rugby League

Christopher Troode (born 19 February 1983) is an Australian former athlete. A native of Perth, Troode was a member of Australia's gold medal-winning 4 × 400 metres relay team at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne (with John Steffensen, Mark Ormrod & Clinton Hill). He was the only addition to the team which won silver at the 2004 Olympics and ran the second leg of the final. In 2009, Troode won a 4 × 400 metres gold medal at the World University Games in Belgrade, where he also qualified fastest for the 400 metres individual final (but did not start). Troode's wife Lyndsay was a sprinter at the 2014 Commonwealth Games and is the daughter of athlete Coleen Pekin. References External links Chris Troode at World Athletics 1983 births Living people Australian male sprinters Athletes from Perth, Western Australia Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia Commonwealth Games gold medallists in athletics Athletes (track and field) at the 2006 Commonwealth Games Universiade gold medalists for Australia Universiade gold medalists in athletics (track and field) Medalists at the 2009 Summer Universiade Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games

Henry J. Prominski (September 4, 1929 – April 1, 2006) was an American politician. He served as a Republican member for the 86th district of the Florida House of Representatives. Life and career Prominski was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey. He attended the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Miami School of Law and McGill University. In 1966, Prominski was elected to the Florida House of Representatives. The next year, he was elected as the first representative for the newly-established 86th district of the Florida House of Representatives. He served until 1970, when he was succeeded by Jon C. Thomas. Prominski died in April 2006, at the age of 76. References 1929 births 2006 deaths Politicians from New Brunswick, New Jersey Republican Party members of the Florida House of Representatives 20th-century American politicians University of Pennsylvania alumni University of Miami School of Law alumni McGill University alumni

Solanum scalarium, known as the Garrarnawun bush tomato, is a species of plant native to the Garrarnawun Lookout in Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Australia. The species was first collected in 2018, and was formally described by botanists Christopher Martine and Tanisha Williams in 2022. Description The species was described using plants cultivated from seeds in a greenhouse. It is distinct for its creeping growth habit and the prickles that grow on the flowering stems, which resemble a ladder. The specific epithet "scalarium" refers to the Latin word for "ladder". S. scalarium is a perennial spreading decumbent pale green shrub up to 30 cm tall. The main stem can grow between 4–12 cm tall, is woody and may branch 2–4 times. Younger stems yellow-green to tan-green in color and older woody stems eventually becoming dark tan or gray. Leaves are simple with blades 5–9 cm long, 1–3 cm wide, alternate, and lanceolate. They are soft yellow green above, slightly lighter beneath, both sides densely hairy. The male inflorescence is a scorpioid cyme 9–24 mm long with up to 50 flowers (typically 1–4 flowers) open at a time with previous blooms abscised. Flowers are pale violet. The female inflorescence of a solitary, morphologically cosexual flower (functionally female and producing inaperturate pollen). The flowers are violet to pale violet. The fruit is a berry, 20–25 mm diameter, green and fleshy when immature. The mature fruit is light green, drying to yellow-orange or tan, becoming leathery-reticulate and bony hard. Seeds are dark brown to black. Habitat and ecology The species is only known from one population of an estimated 50-100 individuals. It grows on exposed rock and skeletal soils. Pollination biology of the species is unknown, but, like other Australian relatives, the flowers are likely buzz pollinated by bees in the genera Xylocopa and Amegilla. They are likely to present high levels of pollen nutritional reward – although with slightly differential rewards available to pollen foragers from male versus functionally female flowers. Seed dispersal mechanism for this species is also unknown. It is suggested that the species typically flowers early in the calendar year. Taxonomy The species is part of the Kimberley dioecious clade, a group of related functionally dioecious species of Solanum in Australia. It is closely related to other bush tomato species such as Solanum plastisexum and Solanum watneyi. References Flora of the Northern Territory scalarium Plants described in 2022

Mohammed Emhamed Awad Najm (1943 – 13 December 2016), also transliterated as Muhammad Nejm, was a Libyan major and political figure. He was one of the original twelve members of the Libyan Revolutionary Command Council and also served as Foreign Minister. Biography Born and raised in Benghazi, Najm graduated from the Benghazi Military University Academy in 1963, where he met Muammar Gaddafi. He was a leading figure in the 1969 Libyan coup d'état that overthrew King Idris and brought Gaddafi to power. In addition to being part of the Libyan Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), he also served as chairman of the court in the trial of former Minister of Defense, Lieutenant Colonel Adam al‐Hawaz, and former Minister of Interior, Lieutenant Colonel Ahmed Moussa, who was accused of plotting a coup to overthrow the RCC, in April 1970. Najm served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Unity from October 1970 to February 1972. He then played a leading role in Gaddafi's Cultural Revolution, partaking in activities such as leading a "People's Committee" of youth to seize a radio station in Tripoli. Despite the fact that Najm was not implicated in Umar Muhayshi's attempted coup against Gaddafi in August 1975, the military purge in the aftermath led to Najm being excluded from the RCC. After a series of disagreements with Gaddafi, Najm withdrew from politics in the late 1970s and lived as an ordinary citizen in his hometown of Benghazi. In May 2002, he was involved in a car accident and fractured one of his spine vertebrae. He subsequently spent a long time undergoing treatment and rehabilitation in Switzerland. During the First Libyan Civil War in July 2011, it was reported that Najm had defected to the National Transitional Council. Najm went to Tunisia for medical treatment in late 2016 and died in a hospital in Tunis on 13 December 2016. References 1943 births 2016 deaths Foreign ministers of Libya People of the First Libyan Civil War

Cryptops haasei is a species of centipede in the Cryptopidae family. It is native to Australia and was first described in 1903 by Austrian myriapodologist Carl Attems. Distribution The species has been recorded from Queensland, New South Wales and Western Australia. References haasei Centipedes of Australia Fauna of New South Wales Fauna of Queensland Fauna of Western Australia Animals described in 1903 Taxa named by Carl Attems

Kent is a former station for the Erie Railroad in Kent, Ohio, on the Erie main line (Kent Division) between Chicago and Jersey City. Along the main line, the next station west towards Chicago’s Dearborn Station was Tallmadge, while east towards Jersey City’s Pavonia Terminal was Ravenna. The station was located from Pavonia Terminal and from Dearborn Station. The city of Kent was the headquarters of the Kent Division, with car shops and a large yard maintained just south of the station until 1930. About north of the station were the Erie Railroad's Breakneck Yards, which operated into the 1960s. The station, located in Kent's downtown area overlooking the Cuyahoga River, dates to 1864, one year after the opening of the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad through Kent in 1863, while the depot, described as being in the Tuscan Revival style, opened in 1875. Kent station consisted of two platform extending along the outside of each of the two tracks south from West Main Street to Stow Street. The depot was toward the northern end of the platforms on Franklin Avenue. Kent station closed in 1970 and the depot was nearly demolished in the 1970s. Its potential demise was one of the main catalysts in establishing the Kent Historical Society in 1971, who purchased the depot in 1975 and later restored and renovated it for use as a restaurant and office space. History The depot opened on June 1, 1875. It was built by the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad. The railroad was originally chartered as the Franklin & Warren Railroad by local village businessman Marvin Kent. The railroad first entered Franklin Mills in 1853, and village was renamed after Kent in 1864. He maintained control over the A&GW which was headquartered in the village, and passenger and freight and car shops and a large yard were based in the village. The A&GW had used two other depots prior to the building of the 1875 depot. When the railroad first reached Kent, it used a boxcar as a temporary depot. A small frame building was built and used to replace the first depot, but a need for more substantial building was identified. The railroad was only committed to providing around 60 percent of the estimated cost of the new depot, but a community groundswell of support for the depot was sufficient that it pledged the balance needed to complete the

depot in a single meeting. After a series of bankruptcies and reorganizations, the A&GW fell into the hands of the Erie Railroad, and on June 16, 1883, the Erie ran its first train from the New York area through Kent into Chicago’s Dearborn Street Station. Kent continued to be a major stop on Erie's New York–Chicago trains throughout the first half of the twentieth century. Service continued through 1960 when the Erie merged with the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad to form the Erie Lackawanna Railway. Passenger service ended on January 4, 1970, with the final passing of the Lake Cities. Description Author Janet Greenstein Potter has described the depot as being built in a Tuscan Revival style. It is constructed of red brick with a slate roof. The overall design of the depot is perfectly symmetrical with three double-story towers connected by two single-story portions. The windows on the second floor of each tower are grouped in threes and are stone-arched. A canopy extends entirely around the building with spaced pendants extending down along the canopy. On the first floor the depot building has a ticket and telegraph office, baggage and express rooms, and separate waiting rooms for men and women. There is a single-door entrance to the depot on Franklin Avenue, and another entrance on the track side comprising large double doors that lead to an elegant restaurant. On the second floor were living quarters for the depot manager, as well as bunk space for the railroad workers and a "Reading Room" for the workers. Besides the depot, the station also included a wooden freight house just to the south of the depot. Further south of the station, the complex included a large rail yard and shops for building and repairing coaches and freight cars. Closure During the later years of the Erie Railroad and the Erie Lackawanna, Kent station was served by several trains daily, including the Atlantic Express and Pacific Express, Erie Limited, Phoebe Snow and Lake Cities which ran between Dearborn Station in Chicago and Erie’s Pavonia Terminal in Jersey City or Lackawanna's Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken, New Jersey. In the late 1960s, the Erie Lackawanna was cutting several long distance trains from its schedule, including the Phoebe Snow in November 1966. By June 1969, the Erie Lackawanna had applied to the Interstate Commerce Commission to discontinue service of the Lake Cities, citing that is

not worth the money being expedited combined with the railroad's financial status. On December 25, 1969 (Christmas Day), the ICC approved it, and the Erie Lackawanna promised to keep it running through the holiday season, with the last trains to run on January 4, 1970 out of Hoboken Terminal. On the evening of January 4, 1970, the last Lake Cities left Hoboken Terminal, guided by locomotive No. 826, marking the final Erie through passenger train passing through Kent. At that point the depot was abandoned and boarded up. Its potential demolition in the early 1970s was one of the first major projects of the Kent Historical Society, formed in 1971, which purchased the building in 1975 and renovated it, occupying the second floor along with the Kent Chamber of Commerce until 2006. Just prior to purchasing the building, the Kent Industrial District historic district was formed which included the depot, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 30, 1974. In 1981, the Pufferbelly Restaurant moved into the lower floor of the old depot, and operated until December 31, 2016. After a renovation and restoration of the building for much of 2017, an Italian restaurant Treno opened in September 2017, but closed in 2020 during the Covid pandemic. Since late December 2021, the depot's main level restaurant space has been occupied by the cafe Over Easy at the Depot. Other Kent stations The Erie station was one of three railroad stations in Kent. In addition to the Erie Railroad, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) operated a Kent station until 1971 and the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway (W&LE) until 1938. Both of those stations were located less than one mile from the Erie station, though neither were as large or prominent as the Erie station. As of 2023, the passenger depots for the B&O and W&LE stations still stand, though both are vacant and the W&LE depot has been moved across the street and tracks from its origiBnal location. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Through downtown Kent, the B&O tracks are just west of the Erie tracks, between the Erie rails and the Cuyahoga River on a lower level closer to the river. The B&O line was originally built in the 1880s by the Pittsburgh and Western Railroad after the Erie line had been established, and is known to locals as the "lower tracks". Kent's

first B&O station was a box car located adjacent to the south side of the Main Street Bridge just below the Erie depot. This depot was accessible from the bridge using a staircase and a luggage ramp. In 1905, as part of a larger project to double-track the line, the B&O opened a new station a short distance to the south at Summit Street. This station consisted of a makeshift platform along the lower tracks extending northward from Summit Street and a small wood-frame building with a ticket window near the south end. On the south side of the street was the accompanying freight depot. B&O trains traveling between Chicago's Grand Central Station and Pittsburgh's P&LE Station could stop at Kent, but the stop was a flag stop only available on certain trains. Passenger service to this station ended April 30, 1971. The passenger depot, owned by B&O successor CSX Transportation, still exists as of 2023, though it was damaged by fire in 2013. Its accompanying freight depot was razed in 2010. Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway The W&LE line was built in 1880 through what was then the western edge of Kent. The station, located on West Main Street, west of the Erie depot, opened in 1881 and originally included a passenger depot at West Main Street and a freight depot a short distance to the south closer to Stow Street. The W&LE offered passenger service from Kent on the route between Wheeling, West Virginia, and Cleveland until July 17, 1938. After the W&LE ceased using the station, it was used for several different purposes, including a feed store until 2013. The site was purchased by Carter Lumber in 2012, who wished to expand their adjacent yard. To prevent the building from being razed, it was moved to the north side of West Main and the west side of the W&LE tracks in July 2014. As of 2023, the building still stands, though it is on the temporary foundation created for it in 2014. References Bibliography Former Erie Railroad stations History of Kent, Ohio Former railway stations in Ohio Railway stations in the United States opened in 1875 Railway stations closed in 1970

Anne-Antoinette Nicolet (1743-1817), was a French businessperson. She was the owner and managing director of the travelling theatre Theatre des Grand-Danseurs du Roi (after 1792 Theatre de la Galté) in 1780 and 1807 (except 1795–96). References 1743 births 1817 deaths 18th-century French businesswomen 18th-century French businesspeople 19th-century French businesswomen 19th-century French businesspeople 18th-century theatre managers 19th-century theatre managers

Iker Muñoz Cameros (born 5 November 2002) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a midfielder for CA Osasuna. Club career Born in Villafranca, Navarre, Muñoz joined CA Osasuna's youth setup in 2018, from CD Oberena. On 9 April of the following year, he renewed his contract until 2021. Muñoz made his senior debut with the reserves on 30 November 2019, coming on as a late substitute for goalscorer Aimar Oroz in a 3–1 Segunda División B home win over Deportivo Alavés B. Definitely promoted to the B-side ahead of the 2021–22 season, he scored his first goal on 16 October 2021, netting the B's second in a 2–2 home draw against Racing Rioja CF. On 30 December 2022, Muñoz further extended his link until 2025. He made his first team – and La Liga – debut the following 12 February, replacing Lucas Torró in a 0–0 away draw against Real Valladolid. References External links 2002 births Living people Spanish footballers Footballers from Navarre Association football midfielders La Liga players Primera Federación players Segunda División B players Segunda Federación players CA Osasuna B players CA Osasuna players

The Constitution of Venezuela of 1857 (Official name: Constitution of the United States of Venezuela. Spanish: Constitución de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela) was approved by the Congress of the Republic on April 16, 1857, the purpose of which was to increase the presidential term to 6 years, the president could be reelected and to centralize the organization of the state, all this promoted by the dictatorship of José Tadeo Monagas. This constitution did not last even one year since it was repealed by the March Revolution. Characteristics Increase of the presidential term from 4 to 6 years. Immediate reelection of the president is allowed. Provincial legislatures were eliminated. The number of provinces increased from 13 to 21. Establishment of universal male suffrage. The organization of the State is totally centralized. The law eliminating the death penalty for political charges is given constitutional character. The law abolishing slavery is given constitutional status. A fourth power is established, apart from the executive, legislative and judicial powers, the municipal power. See also José Tadeo Monagas March Revolution (Venezuela) References Constitutions of Venezuela 1857 in politics 1857 in law

Alseika is a Lithuanian surname. Notable people with the surname include: Danielius Alseika (1887-1960), Lithuanian traveler, Esperanto speaker, local lore enthusiast, pedagogue Veronika Alseikienė (1883 – 1971), the first female Lithuanian physician Marija Birutė Alseikaitė, birth name of Marija Gimbutas Lithuanian-language surnames

The Talgar () is a river in Almaty Region, Kazakhstan. It has a length of and a drainage basin of . The Talgar flows by Talgar, the administrative center of Talgar District. Course The Talgar river originates at the confluence of rivers Left Talgar and Right Talgar, which have their sources in a glacier area of the Trans-Ili Alatau range, part of the Tian Shan. It flows northwards through a valley with steep slopes. About midway down its course, it descends into a floodplain. Since 1970 the river has had its mouth in the southern lakeshore of the Kapchagay Reservoir. The Talgar is a river seasonally prone to floods. A string of small dams has been built in its last stretch, along with a network of irrigation channels. See also List of rivers of Kazakhstan References External links The Great Silk Road in Central and Eastern Kazakhstan Rivers of Kazakhstan Ili basin Almaty Region

You & Me is a British three-part romantic comedy-drama television series written by Jamie Davis. It premiered on 23 February 2023. Cast Harry Lawtey as Ben Jessica Barden as Emma Sophia Brown as Jess Andi Osho as Pam Julie Hesmondhalgh as Linda Janie Dee as Hannah Dominic Mafham as Jeremy Lily Newmark as Joey Genesis Lynea as Dee Isabella Tyson as Poppy Lucas Tyson as Jack Episodes Production In March 2021, ITV commissioned You & Me from actor Jamie Davis, marking Davis' screenwriting debut. The series would be executive produced by Dominic Treadwell-Collins of Happy Prince, Alexander Lamb, and Russell T Davies. Director Tom Vaughan would oversee the production. It was announced in June 2022 that Harry Lawtey, Jessica Barden, and Sophia Brown would lead the series. Principal photography took place on location in South East London in the summer of 2022. Release You & Me was presented at the 2022 MIPCOM in Cannes. ITVX 23/02/23 References External links 2023 British television series debuts 2020s British comedy-drama television series 2020s British romance television series ITV comedy-dramas Television shows set in London Upcoming television series Television series by ITV Studios English-language television shows

The Pulau Senang riots was a case of armed rioting and murder that happened at the Singaporean island of Pulau Senang, where a reformative prison settlement was operated by the government of Singapore to imprison and rehabilitate secret society members, as well as to avoid prison overcrowding at Changi Prison. The settlement first opened in 1960, and had seen bouts of success in reforming many gang members and allowing them to rejoin society. On 12 July 1963, about 70 to 90 out of the island prison's 300 detainees staged an uprising, resulting in a riot that devastated the whole settlement and killed four prison officers - consisting of Prisons Superintendent Daniel Stanley Dutton, and three of Dutton's assistants Chok Kok Hong (植国雄 Zhí Guóxióng), Tan Kok Hian (陈国贤 Chén Guóxián) and Arumugam Veerasingham. Several others, including prison officers and some of the detainees who refused to join the riot, were also injured. At the end of the riots, police reinforcements and the Police Coast Guard arrived at Pulau Senang to arrest the rioters, with 71 of them being charged with murder. In an unprecedented 64-day trial ever conducted in the history of both Malaysia and Singapore, 59 rioters were brought to trial for four charges of murder, with both a special jury of seven and the veteran judge Murray Buttrose set to hear the case. Eventually, eighteen of the defendants, including the ringleader Tan Kheng Ann (alias Robert Black; 陈庆安 Chén Qìngān) were sentenced to hang for the murders while another 29 rioters were jailed between two and three years for both rioting and aggravated rioting with deadly weapons, and the remaining twelve defendants were acquitted of all charges. Background In 1960, an experimental-type offshore penal colony was established on Pulau Senang by the Singapore government, after the proposal was made by former political prisoner and future president Devan Nair. On the island, the secret society members were allowed to roam freely and were put to manual labour, as part of a rehabilitation programme to allow them to rejoin society. The settlement was established as a countermeasure to resolve the issue of prison overcrowding, as attributed to the large number of suspected gang members being arrested and detained without trial per the government's tough crackdown on secret societies in Singapore. The prison-settlement was started on 18 May 1960, when about 50 detainees, sent from Changi Prison, arrived with Irish-born Prisons

Superintendent Daniel Stanley Dutton, the appointed chief of the penal settlement; another 20 officers and attendants were appointed to the island. Over the next three years, the number of detainees from the mainland rose to 320 and together they transformed the island into an attractive settlement, and there were bouts of success from the results. By September 1962, about 200 offenders had been deemed sufficiently rehabilitated and suitable to return to society. Dutton was known to be a largely benevolent and lenient leader of the island prison, as he believed that not all humans are born evil and believed that reformation is possible for them through hard work. He also did not allow guards to carry arms as part of the need to build trust between the guards and inmates. However, despite such an outlook, he was also a strict enforcer of discipline and would not tolerate any rule-breaking or defiance of orders from any inmates, and often harshly penalized those detainees who broke the rules. Hence, while he was held in high regard by many detainees and guards, he also earned an unfavourable opinion and dislike from others. Also, the abuse of detainees by some of the prison wardens add to the displeasure the detainees harboured against the authorities who operated the Pulau Senang settlement. Out of the detainees, Dutton shared the closest bond with Tan Kheng Ann, a high-ranking member of the underworld and one of the few gang members who was English-educated. Tan, also known as Robert Black or Ang Chuar (meaning "Red Snake" in Hokkien and so-named due to his birth in 1941, the year of the Snake), was said to be a charismatic man who mixed well with others and deeply trusted by Dutton. However, when the riots happened on 12 July 1963, Tan was ironically the ringleader who led more than 70 detainees to kill Dutton and cause a revolt. Prison riot and killings On the afternoon of 12 July 1963, after lunchtime, the guards escorted the 320 detainees to their workplace, where they would carry out their work as usual according to their routine. It was at this point, about 70 to 90 detainees, armed with parangs and changkols, began to attack the prison guards, as well as the other detainees who refused to join the riot, which lasted for forty minutes and led to a severe destruction of the settlement on Pulau

Senang. During the unrest, 39-year-old Daniel Stanley Dutton escaped to the radio room, where he called for help, calling for the Police Coast Guard's assistance. However, soon after sending the distress signal, Dutton was attacked by the rioters, who poured petrol on him and set him on fire, and he was subsequently slashed and chopped to death by the rioters, who mutilated his body. Three other prison guards - Arumugam Veerasingham, Chok Kok Hong and Tan Kok Hian - were also killed by the rioters in midst of the uprising. Several other people, including Deputy Superintendent John William Tailford, were grievously hurt but they later survived with timely medical intervention. According to Low Ah Kok, a settlement guard, the hospital and petrol station on Pulau Senang was not spared from the damage inflicted by the rioters. Later, the police and the Coast Guard arrived at Pulau Senang, and they all arrested the rioters, who were seen dancing and singing in rejoice at their spoils and destruction of the settlement. Prior to the arrival of the police, one of the rioters Tan Yim Chwee (later known as Accused No. 27; 陈殷水 Chén Yīnshuǐ), whose shirt was stained in Dutton's blood, used it as a flag mast per their celebration of succeeding to kill Dutton. The arrested rioters were all charged with rioting and murder. Trial proceedings Selection of jury and lawyers of trial On 18 November 1963, after several preliminary hearings, about 59 alleged rioters stood trial at the High Court for the murders of Dutton and three other guards. The number of accused was reduced from 71 to 59 after the preliminary hearings ended with the discharge of 12 defendants from the case. Till today, the trial was known to be the largest ever conducted in the legal history of both Singapore and Malaysia (since Singapore was still a part of Malaysia at the time of the trial), given that there was a high number of defendants being charged with murder. For easier identification, the 59 accused were to wear number tags: the ringleader Tan Kheng Ann was labelled as Accused No. 1, while his two trusted henchmen Chia Yeow Fatt (alias Botak; 谢有发 Xiè Yǒufā) and Cheong Wai Sang (alias See Jap Kau Sian; 钟伟生 Zhōng Wĕishēng), who were also among the principal perpetrators of the riot, were labelled as Accused No. 2 and 3 respectively. A special courtroom

dock was designed to accommodate the 59 defendants. The trial prosecutor was Francis Seow, who was notable for prosecuting law student Sunny Ang and bar hostess Mimi Wong for murder. The trial judge was Murray Buttrose, who was best known for sentencing the aforementioned killer Sunny Ang to death for killing his girlfriend. A special jury of seven members was selected to hear the case, and back then in Singapore, jury trials were conducted to hear capital cases up until 1970, before the abolition of the jury system. Prosecution's case Major Peter James, a retired British army officer and director of the Singapore Prison Service, testified that he received a phone call from Dutton on the morning of 12 July 1963 before the riots happened, and he stated that Dutton told him there were signs of people who wanted to oppose him, but despite Major James' concern and his pressing demands for a reserve unit to be dispatched to Pulau Senang, Dutton maintained that there was no need for reinforcements, as he was assured that a majority of the detainees would be at his side. However, James went ahead with the dispatch of the reinforcement, but it was too late since the riots had happened. Although the nine defence lawyers of the rioters accused Dutton of torturing and oppressing the detainees into working overtime and became a slave driver who abused his authority, Major James defended Dutton and stated that Dutton was the "kindest of men" he ever knew, and that he was a naturally born leader whom he felt suitable to run the island. Allen Tan Kiat Peng, a detainee who was serving the remainder of his seven-year sentence for robbery on Pulau Senang, stated that the treatment of the detainees were generally "okay" and there was little to no abuse coming from the officers, despite conceding that there was indeed excessive workload on the island. Chong Sek Ling, a former gang leader who spent time on Pulau Senang, testified that after an event in July where thirteen carpenters were sent back from Pulau Senang to Changi Prison due to their refusal to repair a jetty during nighttime, he overheard more than ten high-ranking gang leaders discussing about their plan to kill Dutton and the other officers of the settlement, due to their dissatisfaction of the treatment they faced and hatred against Dutton for his supposed iron-fist rule and

discipline. Among these people, Chong identified Dutton's closest friend and detainee Tan Kheng Ann, Tan's two henchmen Cheong and Chia, and Hoe Hock Hai (alias Ah Hai; Accused No. 11; 侯福海 Hóu Fúhǎi). Chong stated that he warned Dutton about the upcoming murder plot, but Dutton, whose nickname was "Laughing Tiger", laughed it off and thought that it would not be a big threat on his life even if there was such a conspiracy, although he did ask for the names of the ringleaders. According to Chong, Hoe remarked during their discussion that this unrest would shake the whole of Malaya (present-day Malaysia). Chong further testified about what he witnessed on the day when the riots happened. One of the things he saw while hiding in the forest was some of the rioters going after Goh Keng Wah (alias See Kar Chua or monitor lizard in Hokkien), a detainee who was an informant of the guards. Goh tried to seek help from Corporal Choo Ah Kim, who was subsequently beaten by the guards despite managing to help Goh escape. During the assault, Corporal Choo was saved by another detainee Quek Hai Cheng, who shielded the blows aimed at the officer, who also confirmed Quek's actions during the preliminary hearing. Liew Woon, another former detainee, also said that he saw two of the defendants - Chan Wah (Accused No. 9; 陈华 Chén Huá) and Sim Hoe Seng (Accused No. 25; 沈和成 Shěn Héchéng) - climbing the roof of the radio room (where Dutton was using the radio to call for help), chopping through the roof and pouring petrol before starting a fire, causing Dutton, who was full of flames on his body, running out of the building and the rioters killing him in a deadly assault. Tan King Hak, an engine diesel instructor of the settlement, also testified that after escaping the radio room, he saw a detainee Lim Tee Kang (Accused No. 5; 林志康 Lín Zhìkāng or 林志刚 Lín Zhìgāng) cutting the wires of the radio with an axe as he and three other rioters Lim Kim Chuan (Accused No. 7; 林金泉 Lín Jīnquán), Ponapalam Govindasamy (Accused No. 12) and Ng Cheng Liong (Accused No. 26; 黄清良 Huáng Qīngliáng) surrounded the burning radio room to prepare their fatal attack on Dutton (who was still inside). Witnesses also told the court about the deaths of the other three victims. Among them,

Allen Tan testified in court that one rioter Chan Wah was responsible for the killing of the officer Tan Kok Hian, who was chopped to death by Chan with a parang. Robert Choo Chiang Eng, a former detainee who later became a prison guard, corroborated that Chan directly killed Tan Kok Hian with the assistance of six other rioters, two of whom he identified as Tan Kheng Ann and Peh Guan Hock (Accused No. 13). As for the attack on Arumugam Veerasingham, Choo identified Lim Tee Kang, Somasundarajoo Vengdasalam (Accused No. 6), Ng Cheng Liong and Ng Chuan Puay (Accused No. 22) as among the seven or eight rioters chasing Veerasingham. Yong Thiam Huat, a clerk from the prison, identified Chew Seng Hoe (Accused No. 15) as the rioter who directly killed Veerasingham. Lee Mow Cheng (李茂忠 Lǐ Màozhōng), a settlement guard who was formerly jailed in 1960 on Pulau Senang before his subsequent release and employment as a guard, stated that while hiding from the rioters under an unserviceable car, he witnessed several detainees, including Quek Hai Cheng, rescuing the heavily injured Tailford and brought him to safety. Lee said that prior to his murder, Dutton refused to arm himself despite telling Lee to arm himself before sending him away to safety. Many other detainees, as well as the surviving prison settlement attendants and guards - including Wang Loke Hai (alias Cartoon), Chia Teck Whee and Robert Choo - were also called to the stand to give evidence for the prosecution, and they identified those whom they seen taking part in the riots. At one point, when Robert Choo identified Chua Hai Imm (Accused No. 24) as a rioter, Chua angrily shouted at Choo and told him to stop framing him despite the judge's warnings. Deputy Superindendent John Tailford, who survived his injuries, also appeared as a witness but he suffered from retrograde amnesia and had no memory of the riots, hence he could not identify the rioters and can only tell the court that his injuries resulted from "some fighting" on Pulau Senang. The prosecution's case was presented between November 1963 and February 1964. A month before the prosecution ended their case, one of the 59 defendants Tan Eng How (or Tan Eng Hoe), known as Accused No. 45, was acquitted of all charges and set free since a prosecution witness clearly stated Tan was hiding with him

during the onslaught. The release of Tan Eng How left 58 men to remain on trial for murder. Defence's case and summing-up of case In February 1964, the 58 accused rioters were ordered to make their defence. 42 of them elected to remain silent, while the remaining accused either testified on the stand or made unsworn statements on the dock. For those who made their defence, including Somasundram Subramaniam (Accused No. 4), Aziz bin Salim (Accused No. 36), Lim Heng Soon (Accused No. 53) and Chia Tiong Guan (Accused No. 55), their main defences were that they were being wrongfully charged due to mistaken identities, or that they were named by some of the witnesses due to personal grudges with these people, including the guards. The defence sought to argue that the men only revolted due to their dissatisfaction over the living conditions of Pulau Senang and they claimed that the rioters should not be guilty of murder, given that not all of them shared the common intention to spark destruction and make attempts on the lives of Dutton and his assistants. After the defence and prosecution made their final submissions, the trial judge Murray Buttrose spent five days summing up the case for the jury to consider before reaching their verdict and adjourned the proceedings on 11 March 1964. The trial lasted for a total of 64 days, the longest ever in the history of both Singapore and Malaysia. Final verdict On 12 March 1964, after an adjournment overnight to consider the verdict, the seven-men jury returned with the verdict they had decided upon, and presented it to the judge. Acquittal Out of the 58 accused, the jury found eleven of the defendants not guilty of all charges and therefore, Justice Buttrose granted these eleven people a discharge amounting to an acquittal. Rioting As for the remaining 47 accused, the jury found eleven of these rioters guilty of rioting. Before passing sentence, Justice Buttrose addressed to these eleven men in his own words: "Here, I feel bound to tell them that they have to consider themselves among the most fortunate people alive, in that evidence apparently failed in the eyes of the jury, to come up to the standard which the law requires before they could be convicted of the charges of murder." Justice Buttrose stated that nonetheless, the verdict did not dispute the fact that these eleven people

were part of an unlawful assembly and had taken part in the armed uprising. He considered the sentence he was about to pass as "inadequate" given the circumstances, but his hands were tied since it "represents the maximum the law allows (Buttrose) to impose", and concluded his remarks by sentencing the eleven defendants to two years' imprisonment, which was the highest punishment under the laws back then for rioting. Rioting with deadly weapons After which, the jury stated that they found eighteen out of the remaining 36 defendants guilty of rioting with dangerous weapons. Here once again, Justice Buttrose personally addressed to these eighteen convicts that they should consider themselves, like the eleven guilty of rioting before them, the luckiest people alive and repeated essentially the same remarks he did to the eleven rioters before these eighteen guilty of armed rioting. At this point again, Justice Buttrose stated that the sentence he passed was "inadequate" and yet the maximum he was legally allowed to mete out, before sentencing these eighteen rioters to the maximum of three years' imprisonment for rioting with deadly weapons. Murder At the final stage of the verdict, the jury found the last eighteen rioters, including the ringleader Tan Kheng Ann and his henchmen Chia Yeow Fatt and Cheong Wai Sang, guilty of three of the original charges of murder, relating to the killings of Daniel Dutton, Arumugam Veerasingham and Tan Kok Hian. The fourth charge of murder for the killing of Chok Kok Hong was not mentioned among these murder charges since it was stood down during the proceedings. Justice Buttrose personally addressed the final eighteen in his own words before he passed the sentence recommended by the jury: "I cannot see how the jury could possibly have arrived at any other verdict than guilty. You and each of you have been convicted of the murder of Dutton, Arumugam Veerasingham and Tan Kok Hian. The evidence was established that these murders were committed in circumstances of such utter brutality, ruthlessness and savagery as defies description." Justice Buttrose went on to further remark that the case had indeed "shaken the whole of Malaya (currently known as Malaysia)" like what Accused No. 11 (real name Hoe Hock Hai; one of the eighteen guilty of murder) allegedly proclaimed based on the testimony of prosecution witness Chong Sek Ling. He stated that the rioters had not only violently murdered the

four victims, they also destroyed the whole penal settlement on Pulau Senang within more than half an hour, in an impossibly devastating and ferocious manner and of immeasurable speed. He therefore stated, "The time has now come to pay the penalty for your dreadful acts." Before Justice Buttrose imposed the death penalty (the mandatory sentence for murder) on the eighteen rioters, every person present in the courtroom (including the defendants, prosecution and defence counsel) were ordered to stand as Justice Buttrose publicly pronounced the verdict of death in his own words: "The sentence of the Court upon you is that you be taken from this place to a lawful prison and hence to a place of execution, and that you be hanged by the neck until you be dead and may the Lord have mercy on your souls." When they were all sentenced to death, the eighteen men guilty of murder were reportedly silent, with some red-eyed with tears and some sweating profusely with anxiety as they heard the judge pronouncing the verdict of death upon them. Sentences of the rioters The following list contains the names of the rioters and the sentences they received at the end of the Pulau Senang trial. Acquittal - Not guilty Kwek Kok Wah - Accused No. 28 Tay Teck Bok - Accused No. 35 Leow Ah Chai - Accused No. 41 Lim Kim Sian - Accused No. 42 Soh Ah Kang - Accused No. 44 Tan Eng How - Accused No. 45 (acquitted halfway throughout the trial) Koh Ah Tiaw - Accused No. 48 Tan Tian Lay - Accused No. 50 Gan Kim Siong - Accused No. 52 Ng Pang Leng - Accused No. 54 Chia Tiong Guan - Accused No. 55 Low Chai Kiat - Accused No. 59 Rioting - Two years' imprisonment Heng Lian Choon - Accused No. 20 Sim Cheng Tee - Accused No. 23 Tok Kok Peng - Accused No. 29 Ang Teck Kee - Accused No. 34 Cheong Kim Seng - Accused No. 39 Yong Ah Chew - Accused No. 43 Choy Peng Kwong - Accused No. 46 Teng Ah Kow - Accused No. 49 Lim Heng Soon - Accused No. 53 Koh Teck Thow - Accused No. 56 Lim Thiam Huat - Accused No. 57 Rioting with deadly weapons - Three years' imprisonment Chin Kiong - Accused No. 10 Peh Guan Hock - Accused No. 13 Chia

Geok Choo - Accused No. 14 Yeow Yew Boon - Accused No. 16 Teng Eng Tay - Accused No. 17 Ong Aik Kwong - Accused No. 18 Lim Teck San - Accused No. 21 Ng Chuan Puay - Accused No. 22 Chua Hai Imm - Accused No. 24 Teo Han Teck - Accused No. 30 Sia Ah Kow - Accused No. 32 Tan Tian Soo - Accused No. 33 Aziz bin Salim - Accused No. 36 Chew Yam Mang - Accused No. 37 Teo Lian Choon - Accused No. 38 Tan Chin - Accused No. 40 Heng Boon Leng - Accused No. 47 Neo Kim Leong - Accused No. 51 Murder - Death penalty Tan Kheng Ann - Accused No. 1 Chia Yeow Fatt - Accused No. 2 Cheong Wai Sang - Accused No. 3 Somasundram s/o Subramaniam - Accused No. 4 Lim Tee Kang - Accused No. 5 Somasundarajoo s/o Vengdasalam - Accused No. 6 Lim Kim Chuan - Accused No. 7 Khoo Geok San - Accused No. 8 Chan Wah - Accused No. 9 Hoe Hock Hai - Accused No. 11 Ponapalam s/o Govindasamy - Accused No. 12 Chew Seng Hoe - Accused No. 15 Chew Thiam Huat - Accused No. 19 Sim Hoe Seng - Accused No. 25 Ng Cheng Liong - Accused No. 26 Tan Yin Chwee - Accused No. 27 Sim Teck Beng - Accused No. 31 Cheng Poh Kheng - Accused No. 58 Fates of the eighteen condemned After the end of the 64-day trial, the eighteen men on death row for murder later appealed to the Federal Court of Malaysia to review their cases, with veteran lawyer and opposition politician David Saul Marshall representing them in the appeal, but they all lost their appeals in May 1965. They were also denied leave to appeal to the Privy Council of London against their sentences. In a final bid to escape the gallows, all the eighteen death row rioters submitted a plea for clemency. By this time, Singapore became a sovereign state after its independence from Malaysia on 9 August 1965, meaning that the men's clemency petitions would be reviewed by Yusof Ishak, the first President of Singapore since its independence. However, President Yusof decided to not pardon the eighteen death row rioters and therefore on 19 October 1965, he dismissed their clemency appeal and finalized their death sentences for murder. Soon after, the death

warrant was issued for all eighteen men, scheduling them all to be hanged ten days later on 29 October 1965. During their time on death row, the eighteen condemned were counselled by Reverend Khoo Seow Wah (or Khoo Siau Hua), who preached to them his Christianity beliefs and gradually, the eighteen men reflected on their wrongdoings and they showed both regret and repentance for their acts, as witnessed by Reverend Khoo, although some prison guards who supervised them did not feel that these eighteen men were genuinely remorseful of their crimes. Before their hangings, Tan Kheng Ann, who was English-educated, penned a letter on behalf of himself and the seventeem others to show their gratitude to Reverend Khoo for his kindness and guidance. On the Friday morning of 29 October 1965, the eighteen men, including Tan Kheng Ann (then 24 years old) and his two henchmen Cheong Wai Sang and Chia Yeow Fatt, were all hanged at Changi Prison, with the prison's veteran executioner Darshan Singh being solely in charge of their executions. The eighteen men were executed in batches of three by a ten-minute time interval, and all of them sang as they made their final steps to the gallows. Hundreds of relatives of the eighteen men, who all made their final visits on the eve of the executions, gathered outside the prison compound to reclaim the bodies. A brother of Chew Thiam Huat (alias Baby Chye; Accused No. 19; 周添发 Zhōu Tiānfā), who was one of the eighteen rioters hung for the most serious charges of murder, told the press that his brother, a former star soccer player who once represented Singapore and had a bright future ahead, had paid the ultimate price for killing the four prison officers, and he expressed his sadness over Chew's execution. Lim Ah Mei, the 64-year-old mother of Hoe Hock Hai, who was also among the eighteen condemned, sadly stated that her son was only 24 when he was put to death. According to a Sin Chew Jit Poh article published on 30 October 1965, the mother of one of the executed men was reportedly so distraught that she nearly collapsed at the sight of her son's body and had to be helped up by relatives. Out of the eighteen condemned, only one was married with two children, and all of these men were aged in their twenties and the oldest of

them was at most thirty years old. Aftermath Five years after the riots occurred, Pulau Senang was declared out of bounds in 1968, and the government's subsequent plans to renovate the island for economic means failed to materialize. In 1984, the island was converted to a live-firing range, where it was provided exclusively to the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) for military training and restricted to outsiders. In the aftermath of the riots, one of the survivors John Tailford, who was grievously injured in the riots, died of cancer in March 1988, at the age of 64. Murray Buttrose, the trial judge of the case, retired in 1968 and returned to Australia, where he lived until his death at the age of 84 in September 1987, and the Pulau Senang trial was cited as one of the iconic cases ever presided by Justice Buttrose, who was the last colonial judge to serve in independent Singapore. Francis Seow, the trial prosecutor of the case, later switched to private practice in 1972, became a dissident and joined politics as a member of the opposition politics, but he later left Singapore in 1988 before his trial for tax evasion, which resulted in his conviction in absentia. Seow lived in political exile at the United States for the next 28 years before he died at the age of 88 in January 2016. In a Straits Times article which reported Seow's death and his former cases as a prosecutor, a retired civil servant recalled in an interview about Seow's determination to seek the death penalty for at least a dozen of the Pulau Senang rioters, as he firmly believed that a very clear signal should be given to all prisoners that anyone found guilty of the intentional killing of a prison officer would face the full brunt of the law, which he fulfilled in the end by successfully having eighteen of the 58 rioters sentenced to the gallows. The Pulau Senang trial was known to be the case where the highest number of death sentences was imposed in a single trial, with eighteen people being sentenced to hang for murder. This highest record remained unsurpassed, even though the year 1976 was reported as the year where it had sixteen people sentenced to death, the highest record garnered in a decade. In popular media The rioting incident at Pulau Senang was remembered as one of the bloodiest

moments of Singapore's history before its independence. Singapore-based British journalist Alex Josey wrote a book about the case, titled Pulau Senang: The experiment that failed, and it was first published in 1980. On 25 October 2004, 41 years after the rioting of Pulau Senang, Singaporean crime show True Files re-adapted the Pulau Senang incident and aired the re-enactment as the first episode of the show's third season. During an interview by the show producers, one of the former detainees Teng Ah Kow (labelled as Accused No. 49), who was one of the eleven jailed for rioting, spoke about his experience at Pulau Senang, stated that in contrast to the harsh, poor living conditions of Changi Prison, he preferred his more carefree prison life at Pulau Senang, as the living conditions was more relaxing and he freely get to have walks at night. When asked why the detainees revolted against Dutton and his allies, Teng stated he did not know exactly why the riots happened despite having taken part in the unrest, but he conceded that there are some detainees whom he knew had a grudge against Dutton. Two of the rioters' lawyers P. Suppiah and G. Abisheganaden were also interviewed in the episode, in which the latter stated that the main reasons behind the failure of Pulau Senang's experimental prison were due to the fact that the wrong people were picked to run the island prison and that the hardcore secret society members, instead of the other criminals, were being sent to the island. In May 2014, a theatre adaptation of the Pulau Senang case, scripted by playwright Jean Tay, came to fruition. Kok Heng Leun directed the play, with the an all-male ensemble cast, which included Oliver Chong, Chad O'Brien, Ong Kian Sin, Tay Kong Hui, Peter Sau, Rei Poh and Neo Hai Bin. In 2022, 59 years after the riots at Pulau Senang, CNA produced a two-part documentary, which covered the Pulau Senang tragedy. Dutton's younger half-brother Michael and granddaughter Ferlynna were both interviewed in the documentary. Both expressed their pride in Dutton for having proven his beliefs of rehabilitating criminals through hard work, but also their sadness for his unfortunate death. Ferlynna also stated that the eighteen men hanged for her grandfather's murder "deserved" what they had gotten. This also marked the first time Michael Dutton get to come to Singapore to visit his elder half-brother's grave,

seventy years after he last met his late brother. Michael stated that to a certain extent, he felt sorry for the eighteen condemned who killed his brother but eventually paid for it with their lives, although he agreed that they should be punished for the crime. The rioters' ringleader Tan Kheng Ann's younger brother Richard Tan (the eighth out of eighteen children) also agreed to be interviewed about his brother's crime. Filled with sadness over the case, Richard stated that he was unable to believe how his fifth eldest brother, who had a few months left before his release date, would take part in the riot and commit such a brutal act and said that prior to his execution, Tan Kheng Ann, who at first denied murdering Dutton, eventually resigned to his fate and asked Richard to take care of their mother. Similarly, former detainee Tan Sar Bee, who was not part of the rioters, claimed in the documentary interview that even though he witnessed the riots and destruction while in the island’s hospital, he was in disbelief over how Tan Kheng Ann, whom he knew as a "mischievous and playful" young man who liked sports, would be capable of such utter violence and much less, the leader of the rioters as described by witnesses who saw Tan killing Dutton. Tan Sar Bee, who eventually died in January 2023, also spoke about how he did witness some detainees, as well as himself, suffer abuse from some of the officers during his three-month stay at Pulau Senang, and described one of the guards Chia Teck Whee (alias Ah Chia), as an infamously cruel devil beneath his kind-hearted appearance. Tan Sar Bee stated that when he heard from an elderly canteen worker at the hospital about the death sentence verdict, he did not take the news well and felt saddened as some of his friends were among the eighteen rioters who received the death penalty. Also, law professors, lawyers, police officers and humanities experts, including some from the National University of Singapore, were approached to give an analysis of the case, stating that the Pulau Senang incident would have been averted had the shortcomings like the abuse from prison guards and overworking had been addressed adequately. See also Capital punishment in Singapore References Riots and civil disorder in Singapore History of Singapore 1963 in Singapore Prison uprisings Singapore in Malaysia 1963 murders

in Singapore 20th-century executions by Singapore Murder in Singapore Murder in Malaysia Capital punishment in Singapore Capital punishment in Malaysia Singaporean people convicted of murder Malaysian people convicted of murder Irish people murdered abroad Malaysian murder victims Singaporean murder victims Gang-related killings in Singapore

, initially known under temporary designation Sar2667, was a metre-sized asteroid or meteoroid that entered Earth's atmosphere on 13 February 2023 02:59 UTC and disintegrated as a meteor over the coast of Normandy, France along the English Channel. It was discovered less than seven hours before impact, by Hungarian astronomer Krisztián Sárneczky at Konkoly Observatory's Piszkéstető Station in the Mátra Mountains, Hungary. is the seventh asteroid discovered before impacting Earth and successfully predicted, and the third of those for which meteorites have been recovered. Before it impacted, was a near-Earth asteroid on an Earth-crossing Apollo-type orbit. Discovery During a routine search for near-Earth objects with his Schmidt telescope, Krisztián Sárneczky first imaged on 12 February 2023 at 20:18:07 UTC, when it was already less than from Earth and inside the orbit of the Moon at 0.61 lunar distances. At discovery, the asteroid had an apparent magnitude of 19.4 and moved quickly in the northern hemisphere sky, at an angular rate of 14 arcseconds per minute and a radial velocity of towards Earth. Sárneczky immediately recognized it was a near-Earth object, but only realized it was on course for impact with Earth when he reobserved it half an hour later. Sárneczky gave the object the temporary designation Sar2667 and reported the discovery to the Minor Planet Center's (MPC's) Near-Earth Object Confirmation Page at 20:49 UTC, calling for further follow-up from other observatories around the world. Astronomers at Višnjan Observatory in Tičan, Croatia observed the asteroid starting at 21:03 UTC and confirmed that it was headed for impact with Earth. The European Space Agency took notice of the asteroid's impending impact and alerted the public through social media. Astronomers around the world continuously observed the asteroid to refine its trajectory as it approached Earth and its impact location. The asteroid reached a peak brightness of magnitude 13 (about the brightness of Pluto) right before it entered Earth's shadow at around 02:50 UTC. It then faded dramatically and became invisible until impact. The asteroid was last observed on 13 February 2023 02:52:07 UTC by the SATINO Remote Observatory in Haute Provence, France, just two minutes after it entered Earth's shadow and seven minutes before it impacted. At the time of that last observation, the asteroid had faded from magnitude 13 to 16 and moved extremely quickly at an angular rate of 1.7 degrees per minute, at a distance of approximately from Earth's center

( altitude). On 13 February 2023 04:13 UTC (one hour after the impact), the object received from the MPC the official minor planet provisional designation . At least 20 observatories observed and submitted astrometry to the MPC before impact, with over 300 astrometric positions recorded in total. Impact At 02:59:21 UTC (local time 03:59:21 a.m. CET), entered the atmosphere at a velocity of with an inclination 40–50° relative to the vertical. As the meteoroid travelled eastward over the English Channel to the coast of Normandy, France, it experienced significant atmospheric drag and began burning up as a bright meteor at an altitude of . The meteor was seen by witnesses from France, Great Britain, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The meteor began fragmenting at an altitude of and then completely broke apart at , producing a bright flash due to the rapid vaporization of its fragments. In the process, the meteor released a great amount of kinetic energy. That produced a shock wave, which was heard by some witnesses and was detected by French seismographs. The meteor disappeared at an altitude of , after which its resulting meteorites continued falling in dark flight. Over 80 witness reports of the meteor were submitted to the International Meteor Organization (IMO). Upon breakup, dropped meteorites over the Normandy region and produced a strewn field spanning from Dieppe to Doudeville. Researchers and citizen scientists of the Fireball Recovery and Interplanetary Observation Network () immediately began a coordinated search effort in the expected meteorite fall area. On 15 February 2023 15:47 UTC (local time 4:47 p.m. CET), FRIPON member and art student Loïs Leblanc found the first meteorite of in a field located in the commune of Saint-Pierre-le-Viger. The meteorite weighed about and is described as a "dark stone." The IMO estimates that could have dropped only one large meteorite up to ~ in mass, plus an uncertain number of smaller meteorites up to several tens of grams each. The largest meteorite is expected to have landed near the commune of Vénestanville. is the seventh asteroid discovered before being successfully predicted to impact Earth, and also the third whose meteorites were collected after its predicted impact. It is Sárneczky's second discovery of an impacting asteroid, after which he discovered a year prior in March 2022. Orbit Prior to impact, was on an Apollo-type orbit that crossed the orbits of Earth and Mars. It orbited the Sun

at an average distance of , varying from 0.92 AU at perihelion to 2.34 AU at aphelion due to its eccentric orbit. The orbit had a low inclination of 3.4° with respect to the ecliptic and an orbital period of 2.08 years. The asteroid last passed perihelion on 13 February 2021 and impacted Earth before it was set to make its next perihelion on 15 March 2023. The last time made a close approach to Earth was around 7 (± 1) June 2000, when it passed around from the planet. Before that, had made several distant close approaches with Earth and Mars during the 1900s, though it probably never approached within from these planets. See also Impact event Asteroid impact prediction , the sixth asteroid discovered before being successfully predicted to impact Earth Meteorite fall , the first asteroid to have its meteorites collected after its predicted impact with Earth 2018 LA, the second asteroid to have its meteorites collected after its predicted impact with Earth Notes References External links Scout archive for Sar2667 20230212 Minor planet object articles (unnumbered) Predicted impact events February 2023 events