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Cody Porter (born 23 September 1997) is a Canadian ice hockey goalie from North Vancouver who currently represents Porin Ässät of the Finnish Elite League. Porter has previously represented SaiPa and Tappara in the Finnish Elite League, Zaglebie Sosnowiec in the Polish League, IPK Iisalmi and RoKi in the Mestis. Career For the 2022–2023 season, Porter moved to the Rovaniemen Kiekko's Mestis team with a one-year contract. In February 2023, RoKi loaned Porter to Tappara with a contract extending to February 12. Tappara signed Porter to patch up injuries on the goaltender front. On February 13, Ässät announced that Porter would join the team with a contract covering the rest of the season. Porter was brought to the team to replace Niklas Rubin's injury. References Ässät players 1997 births Living people Canadian ice hockey goaltenders |
Yoğunçam () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 11 in 2021. The hamlets of Başbudak, Değirmendere, Doğuşlar and Özveren are attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
Yenisöğüt () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 38 in 2021. The hamlets of Değirmendere, Dervişler and Konak are attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
The 2009–10 Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball team represented Indiana State University in the 2009–10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Sycamores were led by head coach Kevin McKenna in his third year leading the team. Indiana State played their home games at the Hulman Center in Terre Haute, Indiana, as members of the America East Conference. The Sycamores finished conference play with a 9–9 record, earning the sixth seed in the Missouri Valley tournament. Indiana State lost in the quarterfinals of the MVC tournament to Illinois. Indiana State failed to qualify for the NCAA tournament, but were invited to the 2010 College Basketball Invitational. The Sycamores were eliminated in the first round of the CBI by Saint Louis, 63–54. After the season, McKenna resigned as Indiana State's head coach to join Dana Altman's staff at Oregon as an assistant coach. Associate head coach Greg Lansing was promoted to head coach shortly thereafter. The Sycamores finished the season with a 17–15 record. Roster Source Schedule and results |- !colspan=9 style=|Exhibition |- !colspan=9 style=|Regular season |- !colspan=9 style=| Missouri Valley tournament |- !colspan=9 style=| CBI References Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball seasons Indiana State Indiana State Indiana State men's basketball Indiana State men's basketball |
Yalmanlar () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 37 in 2021. The hamlets of Abalı, Burmataş, Güvendik, Keçeli, Nazikuşağı and Topaç are attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
Lada Nakonechna (Ukrainian: ; born 1981 in Dnipro, Soviet Union) is a Ukrainian sculptor, graphic artist, performance artist and researcher. Her works are shown internationally in group and solo exhibitions. Education Nakonechna attended the State Art Academy in Dnipro from 1996 to 2000. Subsequently, she studied at the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture in Kyiv until 2009. After her studies, Nakonechna stayed in Kyiv, where she also met her husband. Activities In 2005, Nakonechna joined the Ukrainian artist collective R.E.P. (Revolutionary Experimental Space). Initially a group of twenty artists of different occupations, R.E.P. soon became a small community of six artists who tried out different artistic expressions. Nakonechna is also a member of Hudrada (Creative Committee), a curatorial group of designers, architects, authors and other artists. Hudrada is active since 2008 and organizes projects, e. g., exhibitions, to create a platform for theoretical exchange. In 2015, Nakonechna co-founded the Method Fund. This independent cultural organisation is conceived as a self-learning project and is dedicated to finding ways to establish art in specific locations. The focus is on collaborative approaches and supporting young artists in their respective places of residence. As curator, Nakonetschna is partly responsible for the organisation's educational and course offerings. Nakonechna left Ukraine during the Russian Invasion in 2022. Currently, she works as an guest lecturer at the University of fine Arts (HfbK) in Hamburg. Exhibitions The following exhibitions are only a selection. Solo exhibitions 2009 Zeugenschaft der Dinge, galerieGEDOKmuc, Munich 2014 State of things, Espace Croix-Baragnon, Toulouse 2016 The Exhibition, PinchukArtCentre in Kyiv 2018 Background mode, Galerie Eigen + Art in Leipzig 2020 Bodies in the Distance, Skala Gallery in Poznań 2021 Lada Nakonechna Disciplined Vision, National Art Museum of Ukraine in Kyiv 2022 Studium des Menschen, Gallery Eigen + Art in Leipzig Group exhibitions 2008 Fresh Blood, Galerie Diehl, Berlin 2015 Politics of Form, Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst in Leipzig 2016 Into the Dark, WUK Kunsthalle Exnergasse, Vienna 2019 Listen to us – Artistic Intelligence, Art Collection Telekom at different locations in Plovdiv Awards 2014 Kazimir Malevich Artist Award by the Polish Institute in Kyiv 2020 Women in Arts Award Category "Visual Arts" References External links Living people 1981 births Ukrainian women artists |
People's Embrace () is a network of individuals supporting the defection of personnel from the Myanmar Armed Forces and Myanmar Police Force. The network was established in May 2021 by military personnel in the aftermath of the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état to assist defectors and their families, including social services like accommodation, safe passage, and security. These services have often been coupled with financial incentives and monetary stipends to help supplant defectors' lost wages, although funding remains scarce. People's Embrace has been absorbed into the opposition National Unity Government's Ministry of Defense. Under military law, defectors who desert their posts can face the death penalty, and the families of defectors face retaliation. The network is supported by hundreds of volunteers. People's Embrace is part of a broader civil disobedience movement (CDM) among Burmese who oppose the 2021 military coup. As of January 2023, 3,000 soldiers and 7,000 police officers have defected since the coup. The majority of defections occurred between June and December 2021. However, over the last 60 years, the Burmese military has remained largely cohesive, supported by a system of rewards and punishments and a rigorous indoctrination process. An independent program called People's Soldiers also operates a digital outreach campaign and a network of volunteers offering safe passage, shelter and food. See also 2021–2022 Myanmar protests External links References Organisations based in Myanmar Organizations established in 2021 21st-century social movements Military of Myanmar |
The inter-confederation play-offs of qualification for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup was an international women's football tournament held in New Zealand from 17 to 23 February 2023. The twelve national teams involved in the tournament, including two only playing friendly matches, were required to register a squad of up to 23 players, including three goalkeepers. Only players in these squads were eligible to take part in the tournament. Each team had to submit to FIFA a provisional release list of between 35 and 55 players per national team, including four goalkeepers. The release lists were not made public by FIFA. From the preliminary squad, the final list of up to 23 players per national team were submitted to FIFA. FIFA published the final lists with squad numbers on their website on 13 February (New Zealand time). The final matchday at club level for players named in the final squads was 12 February 2023, while clubs had to release their players by the following day. In the event that a player on the submitted squad list suffered from an injury or illness prior to her team's first match of the tournament, that player could be replaced at any time up to 24 hours before their first match. The team doctor and the FIFA General Medical Officer had to both confirm that the injury or illness was severe enough to prevent the player from participating in the tournament. Replacement players did not need to be limited to the preliminary list. The position listed for each player is per the official squad list published by FIFA. The age listed for each player is as of 17 February 2023, the first day of the tournament. The numbers of caps and goals listed for each player do not include any matches played after the start of the tournament. The club listed is the club for which the player last played a competitive match prior to the tournament. The nationality for each club reflects the national association (not the league) to which the club is affiliated. A flag is included for coaches who are of a different nationality to their team. Group A Cameroon Coach: Gabriel Zabo Portugal Coach: Francisco Neto Thailand Coach: Miyo Okamoto Group B Chile Coach: José Letelier Haiti Coach: Nicolas Delépine Senegal Coach: Serigne Cissé Group C Chinese Taipei Coach: Yen Shih-kai Panama Coach: Ignacio Quintana Papua New Guinea Coach: Spencer |
Prior Daisy Winas withdrew from the initially announced squad and was replaced by Isabella Natera. Paraguay Coach: Marcello Frigério Friendly matches Argentina Coach: Germán Portanova Argentina only named a squad of 21 players, leaving the number 10 and 12 shirts unassigned. New Zealand Coach: Jitka Klimková New Zealand announced their final squad on 9 February 2023. Anna Leat withdrew injured and was replaced by Murphy Sheaff on 10 February. Victoria Esson withdrew injured and was replaced by Brianna Edwards on 13 February. Rebekah Stott withdrew injured and was replaced by Michaela Foster on 16 February. References External links Play-off squads Association football women's tournament squads |
Çatköy () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 19 in 2021. The hamlets of Bahçe, Çakırlı, Kavak, Kızılçayırı and Kömürlü are attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
Telegraphists Football Club was a 19th-century association football club based at Govan, now in Glasgow. History The club was founded in 1874 for workers at the Telegraph Department of the Glasgow General Post Office, as a winter activity for cricket club members; the Telegraphists cricket club used the same venue for its home matches, and cricket captain Atkinson was one of the club's forwards. In 1876 and 1877 the club had 43 members. The media occasionally referred to the club as Telegraphers but its title as reported to the Scottish Football Association was Telegraphists. The club entered the Scottish Cup for the first time in 1875–76, losing 3–0 to the St Andrew's (Glasgow) club on Glasgow Green; all three goals came between the 46th and 60th minutes, as St Andrew's had a strong wind behind them after the break, although the Telegraphists' back play received particular praise. In 1876–77 the club was hammered 12–0 at Northern, five of the goals falling to Cunningham. In 1877–78, the club gained its only win in the competition, beating the 4th Renfrew Rifle Volunteers 1–0 in the first round, but losing 4–0 against the 1st Lanarkshire equivalents in the second. The club's 10–0 defeat at Whitefield in 1878–79 was the club's last Cup tie. Although it entered the 1879–80 competition, it withdrew rather than play Possil Bluebell. After 1880 the club's activities almost cease, the most notable matches being against telegraphist offices in other towns. The last reference to a match played by the club is a 3–3 draw against Burnbank Swifts F.C. in June 1886. The club may not have continued after this, given the difficulties with its home ground. Colours The club's colours were given as white and black (or black and white), probably in hoops, which was the dominant design at the time. Ground The club played at Woodville Park in Govan. Towards the end of the 1885–86 season, the ground owner sued the club's committee for the £5 quarterly rent, which the club defended on the basis that constant flooding kept causing the postponement of matches. The committee was ordered to pay half of the rent claimed (£2 10s). References External links Scottish Cup results Defunct football clubs in Scotland Football clubs in Glasgow Association football clubs established in 1874 Association football clubs disestablished in 1886 1874 establishments in Scotland 1886 disestablishments in Scotland Works association football teams in Scotland |
Porte de La Chapelle Arena (also known by its project name Paris Arena II and its trade name Adidas Arena) is a future multipurpose and modular hall located in the Chapelle district in Paris (18th arrondissement). The hall will have a capacity of 8,000 seats for sporting events and 9,000 seats for concerts and shows. It is expected to be delivered in the summer of 2023. It was originally intended to host the wrestling events and men's preliminary basketball tournament of the 2024 Summer Olympics, before hosting the Paralympic table tennis tournament. Finally, the Olympic events of badminton then rhythmic gymnastics take place there, followed by para badminton and athletic strength. As soon as the arena is built, it will become the residence of Paris Basketball, as well as PSG Handball for its large games. References External links 2023 establishments in France Venues of the 2024 Summer Olympics Basketball venues in France Covered stadiums Olympic gymnastics venues Music venues in France Music venues in Paris Music venues completed in 2023 Sports venues completed in 2023 Sports venues in Seine-Saint-Denis Sports venues in Paris 21st-century architecture in France |
George L. Caldwell (February 3, 1933 – March 3, 2014) was an American politician. He served as a Republican member for the 84th district of the Florida House of Representatives. Life and career Caldwell was born in New York City, the son of William W. Caldwell. He attended Trinity School, St. Paul's School and Princeton University. He served in the United States Navy. In 1967, Caldwell was elected as the first representative for the newly-established 84th district of the Florida House of Representatives. He served until 1972, when he was succeeded by Van B. Poole. Caldwell died in March 2014 at his home, at the age of 81. References 1933 births 2014 deaths Politicians from New York City Republican Party members of the Florida House of Representatives 20th-century American politicians Princeton University alumni |
The Lycian Peasants, also known as Latona and the Lycian Peasants is a short tale from Greek mythology centered around Leto (known to the Romans as Latona), the mother of the Olympian gods Artemis and Apollo, who was prohibited from drinking from a pond in Lycia by the people there. The myth tackles the ancient Greek concept of xenia, or hospitality, as well as Leto's special connection to the land of Lycia. The impious Lycians refuse to exercise hospitality, the ritualized guest-friendship termed xenia by the ancient Greeks, or else theoxenia, which refers specifically to the instances when a god, such as Leto, is involved. The narrative is most famously known from Ovid's rendition in the poem Metamorphoses. Mythology The story of the Lycian peasants is a short one; legend says that after a very troubling labour on Delos, the goddess Leto took her infants, Artemis and Apollo, and crossed over to Lycia (a region in Asia Minor) where she attempted to bathe her children in and drink from a spring she found there. But the local people tried to stop her, stirring the bottom of the spring so that the mud would come up. Enraged over their lack of hospitality, Leto turned them all into frogs, forever doomed to swim and hop in the murky waters of the spring. Servius implied that the birth of the twins took place between her two visits to Lycia, the first in which she was rejected, and the second where she returned to enact her punishment. Antoninus Liberalis mentions that the spring Leto tried to drink from on her way to the river Xanthos was called Melite; after being driven away by cattle herders who wished to keep the water for their cattle, some wolves befriended her and led her to the Xanthos, where she bathed her children. She then returned to the spring to transform the Lycians into frogs. One of the Vatican Mythographers records the story and supplants Leto with Ceres/Demeter, who tried to drink from the spring, thirsty as she was after days of looking for her abducted daughter Persephone, who had been snatched by Hades, the king of the Underworld. The anonymous author is the only one to record the variation with Demeter. Symbolism Lycian Leto Leto was particularly worshipped in Lycia, and was seen as the 'national deity' of the Lycians, and similarly Lycia was an important cult |
center for her two children as well. Leto had an important sanctuary, the Letoon, in Lycia, just west of the city of Xanthos, along the Xanthos river. Traditionally, the etymology offered for Leto's () name has even been the Lycian word lada, meaning 'wife', although other scholars like Paul Kretschmer and Robert S. P. Beekes have suggested a pre-Greek origin instead. Although not explicitly stated, it is implied, and apparently understood in antiquity, that the site where the confrontation between Leto and the Lycians took place was the same where the Letoon was erected, as the description matches geography. The region's name Lycia had been (erroneously) connected by the ancient Greeks to their word for wolf, lykos, and held that the land had taken its name after the friendly wolves who, unlike the rejecting humans, showed hospitality to Leto. Similarly, Leto's son Apollo bore the epithet Lyceus, an epithet which, although usually indicating his youth and connection to light (lyke), had been interpreted occasionally to denote Apollo's connection to wolves and Lycia. Thanks to Antoninus Liberalis citing the earlier writers Menecrates of Ephesus and Nicander as the sources for his tale, Leto's arrival in Lycia can be dated to around the early fourth century BC, a period during which the city of Xanthos would have been a mixed settlement of Greeks and local Lycians. Stephanos of Byzantium recounts a story of how an elderly Lycian woman named Syessa received and entertained Leto in her cottage, a sharp contrast to the unhospitable peasants, like the wolves; Polycharmos held that Apollo and Leto had been both born in Araxa, up in the Xanthos valley, which seems to be a Hellenistic innovation. Stitching those fragments together, a story can be assembled, in which the twins are born in Araxa, Leto comes to Xanthos, the wolves lead her to the water, while Syessa offers her food, and Leto finally establishes her shrine. Hospitality Xenia, in an ancient Greek concept, is understood to mean 'guest-friendship' or 'ritualized friendship', and was an institutionalized relationship rooted in generosity, gift exchange, and reciprocity. Offering hospitality to strangers, whether ethnic Greeks or foreigners, was seen as a moral obligation, and was based on two basic rules; the respect of the hosts towards the guests, who must provide a meal, bath and gifts, and the respect of the guests towards the hosts, who have to be courteous and not overstay |
their welcome. The Lycian peasants, who callously attempted to stop a fatigued mother and her young children from using the water of the pond thus broke a very sacred rule and concept of ancient Greek culture, and thus paid by being transformed into hideous, disgusting creatures. Art In post-antiquity art, the myth of Leto's transformation of the peasants into frogs of the pond became very popular, the most popular depiction of Leto. This scene, dubbed called Latona and the Lycian Peasants or Latona and the Frogs, became very popular in Northern Mannerist art, as it allowed a combination of mythology with landscape painting and scenes of peasantry, combining history painting and genre painting. In later art, the Lycian peasants became the scene in which Leto exclusively appeared in. In paintings, Leto is usually portrayed with the two little children by the lake, while the peasants, about to be changed into frogs, are in a short distance away from her. In the Gardens of Versailles, France, lies the Latona Fountain, built in 1670, which depicts the myth; on the top tier stands a statue of Leto with her children Artemis and Apollo surrounded by six lead half-human, half-frog sculptures placed around the perimeter of the basin. The four tiers are covered in 230 pieces of marble, composed of the white and grey-veined Cararra, greenish marble from Campan, and red marble from Languedoc. A copy of the Latona fountain was built in the gardens of Herrenchiemsee, a palace complex in Bavaria, Germany. The tale has also inspired music, like the Verwandlung der lycischen Bauern in Frösche ("Transformation of the Lycian Peasants into Frogs") by Austrian composer Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf, one among the several symphonies composed based on tales from Ovid's Metamorphoses. Gallery See also Baucis and Philemon Lycaon Milk of Hera Polyphemus References Bibliography Antoninus Liberalis, The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis translated by Francis Celoria (Routledge 1992). Online version at the Topos Text Project. Online version at Perseus.tufts Library. External links Leto Lycia Anatolian characters in Greek mythology Metamorphoses characters Metamorphoses into animals in Greek mythology Deeds of Demeter Artemis in art Apollo in art |
Eğimli () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 12 in 2021. The hamlets of Çokyaşar, Dikenli and Karaca are attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
Eskigedik () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 25 in 2021. The hamlets of Akyıldız, Çengelli, Mezraa, Ozan, Salkımlı, Subaşı and Yığınlı are attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
Aşağıtorunoba () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 96 in 2021. The hamlets of Dumantepe, Söğüt, Yapağı and Yukarıtorunoba are attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
Çemberlitaş () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 16 in 2021. The hamlets of Öğütlü and Yağmur are attached to the village. Notable people Fatih Mehmet Maçoğlu References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
Yoncalı () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 55 in 2021. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
Darrehrud-e Jonubi () is in Darrehrud District of Ungut County, Ardabil province, Iran. The constituent parts of the rural district were in the former Angut District of Germi County before the formation of Ungut County. It is one of two rural districts in the district, and there are no cities. The center of the rural district is the village of Qarah Khan Beyglu, whose population in 2016 was 922 in 267 households. References Rural Districts of Ardabil Province Populated places in Ardabil Province fa:دهستان درهرود جنوبی |
Petar Šimunović (19 February 1933 – 5 August 2014) was a Croatian linguist, onomatologist, dialectologist, lexicographer, and academic member of HAZU. He was considered as the most prominent Croatian onomatologist (since the second half of the 20th century), and contributed also in the field of dialectology (particularly about Chakavian dialect). History He was born on 19 February 1933 in the village Dračevica on the island of Brač. He received a degree in Yugoslav languages and Romance studies at the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb in 1958 with thesis Sumartinska onomastika, and doctoral thesis Toponimija otoka Brača in 1970. Since 1964 started working at the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics of JAZU (later HAZU), in the department of onomastics. He was elected scientific advisor in 1979 and retired in 2003. As the recipient of the Humboldt Foundation scholarship worked at the Slavic Department of the University of Cologne between 1972 and 1974 under Reinhold Olesch mentorship, and lectured between 1994 and 1998. In his honor, the University of Cologne organized in 1998 international scientific conference on Slavic onomastics, and was a member of various international Slavic organizations. He was a regular member of HAZU since 1991, and member of Presidency between 2011 and 2014. He lectured onomastics at the postgraduate study of Croatian studies at the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb and at the postgraduate study of linguistics at the Faculty of Philosophy in Zadar. Besides doing research in the field of onomastics, also did field research in dialectology, particularly Chakavian, for the Slavic Linguistic Atlas (OLA) and Croatian Dialect Atlas (HDA). In his career received several awards, including award of the Municipality of Brač (1983), State award "Božidar Adžija" (1984), Order of Danica Hrvatska "Ruđer Bošković" (1998), State Lifetime Achievement award (2000), State award in the field of humanistic sciences (2009). Šimunović passed away on 5 August 2014 in Split. In 2020, was published monography U početku bijaše ime, including works from international scientific conference "Tragovima onomastičkih istraživanja Petra Šimunovića" held in July 2019. Bibliography Šimunović as an author and co-author published over 500 scientific, scientific popular and professional articles, and 30 books. He was also main editor of academic journal Folia onomastica Croatica and member of editorial board of journal Rasprave. Collaborated in the writing of Grundsystem und Terminologie der slavischen Onomastik (1983), Sławiańska onomastyka – encyklopedia (2002). Toponimija otoka Brača (1972) Brač - vodič po otoku (1972–1997) |
Leksik prezimena Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske (1976) Čakavisch-deutsches Lexikon I-III (1979–1983) Naša prezimena – porijeklo, značenje, rasprostranjenost (1985) Prezimena i naselja u Istri I-III (1985–1986) Istočnojadranska toponimija (1986) Hrvatska prezimena (1995) Toponimija hrvatskoga jadranskog prostora (2005) Rječnik bračkih čakavskih govora (2006) Hrvatski prezimenik I-III (2008) Hrvatska u prezimenima (2008) Uvod u hrvatsko imenoslovlje (2009) Čakavska čitanka (2011) References Further reading External links Profile at the HAZU Profile at the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics 1933 births 2014 deaths Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb alumni 20th-century linguists 21st-century linguists Linguists from Croatia Croatian lexicographers Croatian academics Academic staff of the University of Zagreb Members of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts |
Faedo may refer to: Faedo, Trentino, populated place in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Faedo (Cudillero), parish in the Cudillero municipality, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. Faedo (surname), surname Faedo Valtellino, municipality in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region Lombardy See also Fado (disambiguation) |
Çayüstü () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 18 in 2021. The hamlets of Aydınkavak and Söğütözü are attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
Darrehrud-e Shomali () is in Darrehrud District of Ungut County, Ardabil province, Iran. The constituent parts of the rural district were in the former Angut District of Germi County before the formation of Ungut County. It is one of two rural districts in the district, and there are no cities. The center of the rural district is the village of Aqa Mohammad Beyglu, whose population in 2016 was 803 in 182 households. References Rural Districts of Ardabil Province Populated places in Ardabil Province fa:دهستان درهرود شمالی |
Ağaçpınar () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 27 in 2021. The hamlets of Eşme, Hopan, Kuşak, Saruhan and Şahhüseyin are attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Sokoto State will be held on 25 February 2023, to elect the 3 federal Senators from Sokoto State, one from each of the state's three senatorial districts. The elections will coincide with the 2023 presidential election, as well as other elections to the Senate and elections to the House of Representatives; with state elections being held two weeks later. Primaries were held between 4 April and 9 June 2022. Background In the previous Senate elections, all three incumbent senators were returned with Abdullahi Ibrahim Gobir (APC-East) winning re-election with 54% of the vote and Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko (APC-Central) winning re-election with 54% as well while Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba (PDP-South) was returned after a court ruling later in 2019. The senatorial results were an example of the state's competitiveness as the APC won most House of Representatives seats and won a majority in the state House of Assembly but the PDP held the governorship even though Buhari won the state in the presidential election. Overview Summary Sokoto East The Sokoto East Senatorial District covers the local government areas of Gada, Goronyo, Gwadabawa, Illela, Isa, Rabah, Sabon Birni, and Wurno. Incumbent Abdullahi Ibrahim Gobir (APC) was elected with 54.2% of the vote in 2019. Ibrahim Gobir opted to run for governor of Sokoto State instead of seeking re-election; he came second in the APC gubernatorial primary. General election Results Sokoto North The Sokoto North Senatorial District covers the local government areas of Binji, Gudu, Kware, Silame, Sokoto North, Sokoto South, Tangaza, and Wamako. Incumbent Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko (APC), who was elected with 54.5% of the vote in 2019, is seeking re-election. General election Results Sokoto South The Sokoto South Senatorial District covers the local government areas of Bodinga, Dange Shuni, Kebbe, Shagari, Tambuwal, Tureta, and Yabo. In the 2019 election, Abubakar Shehu Tambuwal (APC) initially won and was sworn in as senator in June; however, his election was overturned in October and the victory awarded to Ibrahim Abdullahi Danbaba (PDP). In April 2022, Abdullahi Danbaba defected to the APC and he is seeking re-election. General election Results Notes See also 2023 Nigerian Senate election 2023 Nigerian elections 2023 Sokoto State elections References Sokoto State senatorial elections 2023 Sokoto State elections Sokoto State Senate elections |
Aidan O'Connor (born 2002) is an Irish hurler. At club level, he plays with Ballybrown, while he is also a member of the Limerick senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a forward. Career O'Connor first played hurling as a schoolboy with Ardscoil Rís, while also simultaneously lining out at juvenile and underage levels with the Ballybrown club. He won three consecutive Limerick Premier MHC titles with the club in 2019, 2020 and as team captain in 2021. The run of underage success continued in 2022 when he claimed a Limerick Premier U21HC title. By that stage, O'Connor had already joined the club's senior team. O'Connor first appeared at inter-county level with Limerick as a member of the minor team that won the Munster MHC title in 2019. He later spent three consecutive seasons with the under-20 team and was at centre-forward when Limerick were beaten by Kilkenny in the 2022 All-Ireland under-20 final. O'Connor ended his under-20 tenure by being named Munster Under-20 Player of the Year. O'Connor made his first appearance for the senior team during the 2023 Munster Senior Hurling League. Career statistics Club Inter-county Honours Ballybrown Limerick Premier Under-21 Hurling Championship: 2022 Limerick Premier Minor Hurling Championship: 2019, 2020, 2021 (c) Limerick Munster Under-20 Hurling Championship: 2022 Munster Minor Hurling Championship: 2019 References 2002 births Living people Ballybrown hurlers Limerick inter-county hurlers |
Artemis Intelligent Power (AIP) is an engineering and R&D company based in Edinburgh, Scotland. It primarily manufactures hydraulic machines and transmissions that are based on high-speed solenoid valves and digital control technology. The company is noted for developing its digital displacement technology. History The company emerged from a University of Edinburgh project initiated in 1994 by Win Rampen and Stephen Salter with a focus on producing high-tech machines to generate renewable energy and reduce fuel consumption of vehicles. The UK Carbon Trust supported the research project splitting off into a fully operational company in its development of its hydraulic transmission system. AIP stated that its digital displacement hydraulic pump (DDP) technology can deliver greater efficiency and productivity, particularly when applied to off-highway machines. The technology was first used to power wind turbines and increase their efficiency. It was a recipient of the Royal Academy of Engineering’s MacRobert Award for Innovation. One of the challenges that the technology addressed was wasted energy. Recently, AIP's hydraulic pump technology was adopted by the train operator ScotRail, allowing its trains to save 9,000 liters of diesel per carriage every year. The company claimed that from 64 to 73 percent of a train's energy is lost during braking and transmission. The AIP hydraulic pump eliminated the incidence of wasted energy through its computer-controlled valves that turn off the pump's cylinders when unused. Acquisition Mitsubishi Heavy Industries acquired AIP in December 2010. It became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Japanese company through Mitsubishi Power Systems Europe (MPSE). MPSE targeted to build an offshore wind park project for a UK Government national initiative. In 2018, the Danish multinational company Danfoss acquired AIP. This created a joint venture with Mitsubishi. Danfoss completely acquired Artemis Intelligent Power in 2021, effectively retiring the brand. Its products are now available in the market using the name Danfoss Digital Displacement. Aside from its hydraulic system, AIP also holds several patents such as those involving high-capacity, high-speed, and digitally-controlled valves. AIP has partnered with other companies to develop projects such as infinitely variable hydraulic transmission systems and the hydraulic energy storage technology, including the world's first tidal energy research center constructed by Babcock International and the University of Edinburgh. References Manufacturing companies of Scotland Engineering companies of Scotland |
Çambulak () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 50 in 2021. The hamlets of Akarçay, Balveren, Dirok, Eroğlu, Karaçalı, Köyceğiz, Toptaş and Yapılı are attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
Senecio verbascifolius, the mullein ragwort, is a species of plant from South Africa. Description This perennial species grows to be up to tall. The leaves are oval shaped or heart shaped with minute teeth along the margins. Flowers are present between September and December. They are yellow and grow in branched corymbs. The involucre is calyx-like. The bracts are thickened below. Distribution and habitat This species is endemic to the Western Cape of South Africa. It grows on sheltered south facing rocky slopes on the Cape Peninsula and the Hottentots Holland Mountains. It is a habitat specialist with a range of . Conservation This species is considered to be endangered by the South African National Biodiversity Institute due to its small range and specialist nature. Only about 250 individuals occur in the wild, but the population appears to be stable and does not currently face any threats. References Plants described in 1768 Flora of South Africa verbascifolius |
Batumi Black Sea Music and Art Festival () is an international festival that takes place in Batumi, Georgia every year. The festival was founded in 2013 by Georgian pianist, and UNESCO Artist for Peace Elisso Bolkvadze. Since then, the Elisso Bolkvadze Charity Foundation "Lira" has been the event organizer. One of the project's main focuses is the promotion of young Georgian talents. Musicians from all regions of Georgia take part in the festival. The outstanding among them are invited to participate in international programs and concerts abroad. Along with Georgian musicians, famous foreign musicians regularly participate in the festival. The Batumi Black Sea Music and Art Festival is the only cultural event in Georgia that has received the high patronage of UNESCO five times. On July 23–31, 2022, the Batumi Black Sea International Music and Art Festival was held for the ninth time. On July 23, the festival opened with a charity gala concert, and the proceeds were used for Ukrainian children affected by the war waged by Russia in Ukraine. At the invitation of the project's founder, Elisso Bolkvadze, the Wikimedia Community User Group Georgia also participated in the 2022 festival. Members of the group introduced Wikipedia's essence, purpose, principles, and plans to the public. References External links Official website Creative Cities Network — Batumi en.unesco.org WELCOME SPEECH OF ELISO BOLKVADZE AT BATUMI BLACK SEA MUSIC AND ART FESTIVAL Music festivals in Georgia (country) Culture in Batumi Tourist attractions in Adjara Music festivals established in 2013 Summer events in Georgia (country) |
Işıkvuran () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 34 in 2021. The hamlet of Aktaş is attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
Cryptandra recurva is a flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is an erect, spreading shrub with densely hairy young stems, narrowly oblong to narrowly egg-shaped leaves and clusters of white, cream-coloured or off-white, tube-shaped flowers. Description Cryptandra recurva is an erect, spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of , and has its young stems densely covered with tiny, star-shaped hairs. The leaves are narrowly oblong to nrrowly egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, long and wide, on a petiole long with stipules long at the base. The lower surface is usually mostly concealed and the tip of the leaf curves downwards. The flowers are white, cream-coloured or off-white, sometimes pink and arranged in clusters of 3 to 15, with about 5 broadly egg-shaped floral bracts long. The floral tube is long joined at the base for . The sepals are long, the style long. The bracts, floral tube and sepals are covered with tiny, star-shaped hairs and simple hairs. Flowering occurs from June to November, and the fruit is a schizocarp long and densely hairy. Taxonomy and naming Cryptandra recurva was first formally described in 1995 by Barbara Lynette Rye in the journal Nuytsia from specimens collected on the Salmon Gums - Lake King road in 1974. The specific epithet (recurva ) means "curved backwards", referring to the tips of the leaves. Distribution and habitat This cryptandra grows in sandy soil between Southern Cross, Coolgardie, the Fitzgerald River National Park and Cocklebiddy in the Coolgardie, Esperance Plains and Mallee bioregions of Western Australia. Conservation status Cryptandra recurva is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. References recurva Rosales of Australia Flora of Western Australia Plants described in 1995 Taxa named by Barbara Lynette Rye |
Events in the year 2023 in Angola. Incumbents President: João Lourenço Vice President: Esperança da Costa Events Ongoing — COVID-19 pandemic in Angola 20 January - The Angola Central Bank cuts interest rates from 19% to 18.5%, the steepest cut since 2018. References 2020s in Angola Years of the 21st century in Angola Angola Angola |
Dipsas baliomelas is a non-venomous snake found in Colombia. References Dipsas Snakes of South America Endemic fauna of Colombia Reptiles of Colombia Reptiles described in 2008 |
Henri-Charles de Beaumanoir, Marquis of Lavardin, (15 March 1644 – 29 August 1701) was a French soldier and Ambassador. Appointed Lieutenant General of Brittany in 1670 by Louis XIV, he faced the revolt of the Papier timbré in 1675. At the beginning of the troubles, he tried to restore order while delaying the entry of royal troops into the province, but he had to step aside as the situation deteriorated. In 1687, in a context of intense diplomatic tensions between France and the Papacy, he was appointed extraordinary ambassador to Rome and was charged by the Sun King to oppose the withdrawal of the ambassadors' franchises by Pope Innocent XI. He then occupied the Farnese Palace with several hundred men in arms and was excommunicated by the Pope. He was recalled at the beginning of 1689, shortly before the death of Innocent XI, because of the policy of appeasement practiced by Louis XIV. Back in Brittany, the Marquis of Lavardin saw his functions as an officer of the king reduced by the rise of royal absolutism, but remained a leading figure in the province; he devoted the last years of his life to ensuring the recognition of the rights of the Admiralty of Brittany, threatened by the Admiral of France. Biography Family Henri-Charles de Beaumanoir was born on 15 March 1644 in Le Mans, into a powerful family of the Maine nobility: the Beaumanoirs of Lavardin. He was the descendant of Jean de Beaumanoir, the first marquis of Lavardin - from 1601 - and made marshal of France by Henri IV. His father, Henri II de Beaumanoir, marshal of the king's camps and armies, was killed in 1644 at the siege of Gravelines; his uncle, Philibert-Emmanuel de Beaumanoir, was bishop of Le Mans; finally, his mother, Marguerite-Renée de Rostaing - daughter of the marquis Charles de Rostaing -, was a close friend of Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise of Sévigné On 3 February 1667, Henri-Charles de Beaumanoir married Françoise de Luynes, daughter of Louis-Charles d'Albert de Luynes. His wife having died in 1670, he married Louise Anne de Noailles, daughter of Duke Anne de Noailles and sister of Cardinal de Noailles, on June 1st 1680. From his first marriage, he had an only daughter, Anne-Charlotte, who married Louis de La Châtre. From his second marriage he had a son, Henri, who was killed in 1703 at the battle of Speyerbach. This |
death marked the extinction of the male line of Beaumanoir of Lavardin, whose property and titles passed to René de Froulay de Tessé. General Lieutenancy of Brittany In 1670, the Marquis of Lavardin was appointed Lieutenant General of Brittany. Since the 16th century, the governor of the province had been assisted by two lieutenant-generals, one for the county of Nantes and the other for Lower and Upper Brittany. The Marquis of Lavardin was given the latter office and was therefore responsible for eight of the nine bishoprics of Brittany. His task was to replace the governor during his absences - a relatively common event - and to assist him in the administration of the province, particularly in military matters. The Marquis of Lavardin was himself assisted by two king's lieutenants, one for Lower Brittany and one for Upper Brittany. He succeeded the marshal de La Porte, who died in 1664, and his son, who retired to his estates in 1669. In the same year, the post of governor was filled after having been vacant since 1666: Charles d'Albert d'Ailly, Duke of Chaulnes, was the new holder. The third king's officer for the province was the Marquis de Rosmadec of Molac, lieutenant general for the bishopric of Nantes The Duke of Chaulnes, by virtue of his functions, exercised the powers attached to the Admiralty of Brittany - distinct from the Admiralty of France -, endeavoured to extend them and behaved as a true Admiral of Brittany; when he acted in his absence, the Marquis of Lavardin enjoyed his prerogatives. In September 1669, even before he took up his official duties, the Duke of Chaulnes had regulated the enrolment of Breton sailors, and, at his request, the States of Brittany had created a commission to proceed with a naval armament of the coasts of Saint-Malo. In 1672, he fixed the salaries and vacations of the officers of the maritime jurisdiction and published an ordinance instituting a system of passports that the captains of the navy had to obtain from him. He then assumed responsibility for the maritime police and coastal security. The Marquis of Lavardin also took measures concerning the navy, even if they were less far-reaching; among the most important were: on November 20, 1674, the prohibition of seneschals, judges and officers from issuing pilot's letters - a navigation permit - on their own initiative; on November 8, 1677, the decree |
of an embargo on barley leaving the ports of Brittany; on July 16 and October 24, 1686, two ordinances regulating the repair of the guards' offices in the seven coastal bishoprics. Mrs. de Sevigne was at that time a good friend of the Marquis of Lavardin, of whom she wrote in one of her letters to her daughter: "He is the least low and cowardly courtier I have ever seen". Nevertheless, she stressed to her correspondent that she did not condone his humor or his lack of manners. Revolts of the Papier Timbré Between March and September 1675, the West of France experienced a series of uprisings linked to an increase in taxes, including that of stamped paper, required for authentic acts. Emotions were particularly high in Brittany, first in the towns, then in the countryside of Lower Brittany. Riots in Rennes At the beginning of April 1675, an antifiscal revolt broke out in Rennes; it was triggered by mimicry of similar events that had occurred in March in Bordeaux. On April 3, the first disturbances took place; on April 18, a great riot ransacked the tobacco and stamped paper offices and the repression of the popular emotion was carried out firmly by the son of the Marquis of Coëtlogon, governor of the city. On April 25, the crowd attacked and burned the Huguenot temple, because of the supposed religion of the local tax collectors; among the rioters were many schoolchildren. The irruption of Coëtlogon junior's cavalrymen, too late, did not prevent the attack and only two factious men were seized by the authorities. The crowd also attacked the prison, but Coëtlogon managed to rally the bourgeois militia to prevent access. The Marquis of Lavardin entered Rennes in the meantime; after having taken the measure of events, he protested against the inaction of justice and gave formal notice to the parliament of Rennes to open proceedings against the two prisoners. Indeed, he considered that the rioters of April 25 were the same as those of April 18, with the notorious exception of the students, and that authority should therefore be shown. However, he refused indiscriminate repression and announced that his role was to "calm the disorder, appease the spirits, restore peace and tranquillity". One of the accused, a schoolboy, was released very quickly - he was only 14 years old - while the other, a baker, was kept in custody. |
On May 3, the arrival of the Duke of Chaulnes intensified the legal proceedings, as he was the bearer of orders from the king calling for the greatest severity against the rioters of April 18; three men injured during the disturbances were seized at Saint-Yves hospital. Lavardin's analysis of the events in Rennes - together with other representatives of the nobility of Brittany - is that the Parliament, and more generally the men of law and the nobility of the robe, had adopted an approving passivity towards the city riots, because the Parliament viewed the rollback of the royal innovations in taxation with favour. This accusation was to be a major factor in the royal decision to exile the parliament of Brittany from Rennes. Lavardin's position is shared by a whole section of historiography - notably Claude Nières, Yvon Garlan, James B. Collins and John Hurt - but is rejected by Gauthier Aubert, who believes that the restraint of the parliamentarians is related to the lack of means to maintain order, and that the accusation against them is a means of exonerating the governor of the province and his deputies. Takeover of Nantes On May 9, the king, by letters patent, revoked Sébastien de Rosmadec, governor of Nantes and lieutenant-general of the ninth bishopric of Brittany. On May 20, the Parliament of Brittany confirmed this recall and his replacement by the Marquis of Lavardin, described on the occasion as "experienced and capable". This relatively obscure disgrace - the Marquis of Molac had taken similar measures against the local rioters as the Coëtlogon in Rennes - can be explained by the fact that, unlike Lavardin, Molac did not oppose the slow judicial punishment of the Nantes factionalists; his inability to prevent the sequestration of Archbishop de La Vallière during the troubles may also have contributed to his replacement. Louis XIV, convinced of the extreme seriousness of the Breton revolt, took strong measures: on May 8, he asked for 600 men of the royal maréchaussée to be sent to Brittany; on the same day, Louvois promised Chaulnes a regiment of the Crown, i.e. 800 men, which would bring the number of troops stationed in the province to some 1,500, a not inconsiderable number given that France was in the midst of the Dutch war. The Duke of Chaulnes and the Marquis of Lavardin then began a tight game: On the one hand, |
by demonstrating the threat of intervention by royal troops, they sought to bring the towns and notables back to obedience, and on the other hand, they hoped that a rapid return to calm would make it possible to avoid - or at least shorten - the entry of the royals into Brittany, in order to protect the province from the complications that would result from it - accommodation for the soldiers, subsistence costs for the troops, exactions by the soldiery, etc. On May 21, Chaulnes and Lavardin left Rennes for Nantes, where the king's troops were to enter Brittany, to precede them. On the spot, where they took command of the 150 men-at-arms assembled by Molac, both showed frenetic activity, with the governor of Brittany playing the leading role. Indeed, his presence - whereas that of the marquis would have been sufficient - seems to testify to a desire to clean up the situation as quickly as possible, as the royal disgrace was threatening. The numerous letters that Lavardin sent to Colbert, Seignelay and Louvois highlight the voluntarism of the local authorities and underline the recovery of control by the Duke of Chaulnes; these documents have been used extensively to study the stamped paper revolt, and in particular the situation in Nantes. On Chaulnes' request, the commander of the cavalry of maréchaussée made them turn back; however, Lord Ervé, at the head of the detachment of the Crown regiment, ignored the duke's warnings and continued his march on Nantes. As for the repressive measures taken by the king's officers, they were relatively successful; thus, of the five most involved "seditionists" that Chaulnes ordered to be arrested, only one of them, Goulven Saläun - who had distinguished himself by climbing the Bouffay belfry - was hanged on May 27 after a questioning and a two-day trial, the others having fled. This punishment was meted out to a lower Brittany without any ties to the country, which made the execution acceptable to the people of Nantes. Pursuing the recovery, Chaulnes and Lavardin urged the courts to start proceedings against other factious people who had been identified; on May 30, a banishment order was issued against one of the fugitives, Michèle Roux - known as l'Éveillone -, whose family Lavardin announced would be "chased away so that there is no hope of her returning" - a measure that was not finally applied. On |
the other hand, public order, which had been damaged by the revolt, was restored: on 26 May, the tobacco and tin office was re-established; on 1 June, the Marquis de Lavardin reported that the control of stamped paper was going well; Louvois was informed that calm reigned in Nantes. Also, the same day, the governor of Brittany left Nantes, leaving Lavardin in charge. The efforts of the Duke and the Marquis to keep the troops out of Nantes were given an additional interpretation by a contemporary, the Commissaire des Guerres Joinville. Joinville insinuated that the two officers of the king had been bribed by the mayor Jean Régnier and the town's notables to prevent the arrival of the troops; the mayor also hoped to save his position, which was compromised by the town's insubordination. Later, once the arrival of the troops was inevitable, the plan was to have the treasurer of the extraordinary war office pay the costs of billeting, while part of the sum initially planned would have been allocated to the two governors. Lavardin and Chaulnes having had all the correspondence from Nantes opened, the discovery that the secret had been leaked made them abandon their plan. End of the unrest As the only master of the town, the lieutenant-general continued to try to show severity; at the beginning of June, he obtained the departure of some inhabitants against whom the evidence was insufficient to justify a conviction; one of the prisoners died of his wounds, which allowed the marquis to claim that justice was being done. Despite Lavardin's efforts, the manoeuvre fell through: the efforts of the Breton authorities did not prevent the arrival of the royal troops in Nantes on June 3. The Marquis took command of the sixteen companies, had them put in battle order on the Motte Saint-Pierre, then entered the city with them. It seems that the people of Nantes did not hesitate to oppose it by force; the financing of the stay of the troops by the treasurer of the wars - with the exception of meals taken at the inhabitant's - seems to have calmed the situation. The occupation of the town was complete: Lavardin had eleven companies stationed in the town, two in the castle and three in the suburbs. Régnier, disowned by the Lord of Beaumanoir, lost the municipal election to Louis Charette. The presence of the troops was |
in itself a punishment, but they also helped in the execution of the last court decisions. Thus, on 22 June, following a quick trial, a prisoner was put in the pillory and condemned to banishment. On the same day, the king's men left Nantes for Le Mans, another rebel town. The decision, taken by Chaulnes, aimed to keep the soldiers away from the territory of the government of Brittany as much as to anticipate the orders of Louis XIV. The governor of Brittany nevertheless reinforced the city's garrison by sending a hundred men-at-arms. Henri-Charles de Beaumanoir, still the master of the game in Nantes, watched with displeasure as the soldiers moved eastwards where he owned his lands of Lavardin, and which he feared would be ravaged by the repression. On June 29, the feast of Saint Peter, Lavardin, wishing to confirm his return to control of the city, had guards in his livery placed in the choir of the cathedral, which caused unrest in the population, as this was an unprecedented event - it was a royal privilege. The canons refused to sing and the faithful did not respond to the bishop's Gloria; so Bishop de la Vallière decided to hold a low mass instead of the planned religious ceremony. This incident was the last sign of sedition in Nantes, which was to experience no further unrest during the rest of the Breton revolt. At the end of June, the countryside of Lower Brittany was set ablaze by the revolt known as the "Bonnets Rouges", but Lavardin was still posted to Nantes. Desperate to receive a command from the king to quell the uprising, he languished in his government in Nantes and tried to show his voluntarism in the letters he sent to the court. Nevertheless, the ministers left him confined to the banks of the Loire, with the bulk of the work of restoring order devolved to the Duke of Chaulnes. From Nantes, Lavardin analysed the peasant rebellion as a reaction to lordly injustices rather than an anti-fiscal sentiment. Against these rural Bretoners, he advocated repression rather than the conciliation he had preached in Nantes and Rennes. Thus, he wrote in one of his letters - in which he once again sought to keep the royals out of the towns of Brittany -: "Perhaps this regiment and these marshals will be more necessary in Lower Brittany; it is a |
rough and fierce country and produces inhabitants who are like it. They have a poor understanding of French and hardly any understanding of logic". Embassy in Rome Diplomatic context Since the accession of Pope Innocent XI in 1676, relations between France and the Holy See have been extremely tense. Indeed, the regal affair prevented concord between Louis XIV and the Pope for a long time. This poisoning of diplomatic relations worsened after the French clergy assembly of 1682, during which the French Catholic hierarchy sided with the Gallican monarch on the issue of the right of regal. From then on, Innocent XI refused to appoint the rebellious clergymen - i.e. signatories of the Four Articles of the assembly - presented by the King of France to the episcopal dignity. In the absence of papal bulls, the number of vacant diocesan sees increased. In addition to this conflict of usury, the Pope sought to conclude the Franchise Dispute to his advantage. At that time, franchises were rights held in Rome by the ambassadors of certain European powers, which allowed them to exempt the area surrounding their residence from Roman jurisdiction in matters of customs and justice. In 1679, the Pontiff warned the French court that, as long as François d'Estrées was ambassador, France's franchises would be respected, but that the new holder could only take up his duties on condition that he renounced them. On the death of the Duke of Estrées, on 30 January 1687, the Pope ordered his sbirri - the papal police - to take possession of the French neighborhood. Moreover, the Pope formally opposed the nomination of the Cardinal of Estrées to succeed his brother as French ambassador; indeed, he was convinced that César d'Estrées would use the cardinal's purple to refuse the abolition of his exemptions. Frustrated in his choice, Louis XIV then set his sights on the Marquis of Lavardin and charged him with supporting the franchises of France. On May 16, 1687, Innocent XI issued a bull to definitively prohibit the franchises of ambassadors in Rome, under penalty of the most terrible ecclesiastical censure: major excommunication. Henri-Charles de Beaumanoir read it before his trip. The Pope obtained the submission - often grudgingly - of the other European courts, but Louis XIV retorted to the nuncio "that God had established him to serve as an example and rule to others, and not to imitate them"; |
nevertheless, Lavardin's departure was suspended and used to assemble a military escort to keep the Papal forces at bay. Conflict with Pope Innocent XI On November 14, 1687, the Marquis of Lavardin presented himself before Rome, accompanied by a troop of 100 armed men, hand-picked and mostly naval officers. His agents informed him that he would not be denied access by force. On November 16, the Pope was unable to oppose his entry into the city and had him open the Porte du Peuple. The arrival of the Marquis of Lavardin was marked by great pomp and circumstance, with his soldiers marching in with weapons in hand; the officers of the papal customs were dissuaded by his escort from infringing on the ambassador's rights. In addition to the goods he brought with him, Louis XIV's envoy brought 300 muskets into the city to arm the French residents of Rome, should the need arise. Lavardin and his troop moved into the Farnese Palace and retreated to the French quarter, which took on the appearance of a military camp. He had the palace decorated with the king's coat of arms and the Lavardin coat of arms, unequivocally signifying his status as French ambassador. He immediately requested an audience with the Pope, but the latter stubbornly refused to grant it. In retaliation, Louis XIV stopped meeting the Apostolic Nuncio to France, Cardinal Ranuzzi. The first measures taken by Lavardin were successful: the sbirri were kept away, a hundred criminals were chased away from the vicinity of the Piazza Farnese, the crossing points in the district were carefully controlled to avoid abuses, and the ambassador's soldiers behaved impeccably with the population. A column of Ottoman prisoners had to be diverted to avoid the area around the Farnese Palace, lest the Turks' chains be broken by the French. The Lord of Beaumanoir's enterprise was judged with complacency by Christina of Sweden and the Spanish ambassador, the latter wishing for its success in order to regain possession of their ancient franchises. On December 8, Louis XIV wrote to his ambassador to congratulate him and recommend extreme prudence. On December 13, the Marquis informed the chapter of the Basilica of St John Lateran that he intended to attend the service in memory of Henry IV and to receive the honours due to a French ambassador. Innocent XI then had the ceremony postponed sine die, signifying to everyone |
the excommunication he was carrying against the Marquis of Lavardin. On Christmas night 1687, the Marquis of Lavardin, unaffected, attended mass in the church of Saint-Louis-des-Français. The Pope, scandalised that the French ambassador had been allowed to take communion, then imposed a ban on the French national church in Rome. This ban lasted from January to March 1688. On December 27, 1687, Lavardin published a Protest in which he asserted that as ambassador of "His Most Christian Majesty" he was "exempt from all ecclesiastical censures, as long as he is clothed in this character and carries out the orders of the King his master", a long-standing Gallican claim. Worsening of the situation On January 23, 1688, the Parliament of Paris rendered a decision in which it declared the papal bull on the franchises and the excommunication of the Marquis of Lavardin null and void. In addition, it ratified the appeal to a future council to judge the Pope's conduct. In February, on the advice of Colbert of Croissy, Henri-Charles de Beaumanoir had the heads of his escort - the captains of Charlard and Sartous - post the Parliament's ruling all over Rome: on the doors of the Chancellery Palace, Saint Louis, Saint Peter's Basilica, the Palace of Monte Cavallo, Santa Maria Rotonda, etc. From March 1688 onwards, King James II of England mediated between the Holy See and France through his envoy, Lord Howard, but the two powers stuck to their positions: while France planned to ease the pressure maintained by Lavardin in the event of a papal concession, Innocent XI refused to give in on the question of the Quarters. The situation worsened further in August 1688 when the Pope refused to confirm Cardinal of Fürstenberg - France's candidate - to the electorate of Cologne, and appeared to be siding with the League of Augsburg in the European struggle against the monarchy of Louis XIV. The news enraged the king, especially as on August 2, 1688, the Marquis of Chamlay, his agent sent to Rome to unofficially re-establish diplomatic ties, was turned away at the pontiff's door. As a retaliatory measure, Louis XIV decided to prevent Cardinal Ranuzzi from leaving Paris. The situation in the streets of Rome also contributed to making the two sovereigns irreconcilable: after Lavardin's soldiers had beaten up some sbirri in June 1688, the Roman justice system condemned them to death in absentia and put |
a price on their heads. In September 1688, after two of the marquis's men were captured by the papal police, Colbert de Croissy had members of Cardinal Ranuzzi's retinue seized in order to "subject them to the same treatment as those of Mr de Lavardin in Rome". Cardinal Casoni, secretary of the cipher and eminence grise of Innocent XI, supported the Pope in his resistance to the wishes of the French court. Well aware of the prelate's influence, the Marquis de Lavardin had his agents spy on him and planned to kidnap him in the street, but he was not executed. In August 1688, Louis XIV sent 100 additional officers and naval guards to reinforce the Lavardin garrison in Rome. On September 6, 1688, the king instructed Cardinal d'Estrées to threaten the Holy See with the possibility of an intervention in Avignon. On September 13, 1688, faced with the intransigence of Innocent XI, he ordered the invasion of Avignon and the Comtat Venaissin by French troops; preparations for a landing at Civitavecchia became more precise. In October 1688, the king assigned the nuncio a zealous supervisor in the person of one of his gentlemen, Mr of Saint-Olon. In November 1688, England's intercession made progress, partly due to a change of heart on the part of Cardinal Casoni, who feared the threat to his life posed by Lavardin's men; however, the overthrow of James II and his exile in France helped to make English mediation a tool in the hands of the French court. The French demand that Lavardin be granted an audience with the Pope, which was made a precondition for any compromise, was rejected by Innocent XI. In November 1688, the Marquis of Lavardin sent his wife and daughter - from his first marriage - to Siena for safety. Many Italian nobles, not least the Duke of Bracciano - head of the House of Orsini - disassociated themselves from the French party, and the ambassador was only frequented by a few loyalists, including Christine of Sweden. As the effects of the excommunication were felt, it became more and more difficult for him to remain in office; because of the ban on him, it was Cardinal d'Estrées who was responsible for managing current affairs with the Holy See. The Lord of Beaumanoir then enlisted 200 additional soldiers, bringing his small army to 400 men. This unexpected initiative aroused the suspicion |
of the king, who had his own officers watch the ambassador. For Jacques Bainville, "the Marquis of Lavardin [...] was not to imitate Nogaret". Lavardin, whose credit was damaged by the pontifical intransigence, finally asked to be recalled in early 1689. On 14 April 1689, Louis XIV accepted; this decision was due as much to the fact that he feared incidents as to a desire to appease the Holy See, made necessary by the situation in Europe. On 30 April, the Marquis left Rome, accompanied by France's two agents of influence within the Sacred College, Cardinal d'Estrées and Cardinal Maidalchini, and his 200 men-at-arms. This strong escort did not spare him a final episode: to humiliate him, the governor of the duchy of Milan provided him with a passport in which he was designated as "appointed ambassador". Inflexible, Lavardin asked for the document to be corrected and obtained it on June 17; he was back at the court of Versailles on July 16. Innocent XI died on August 16, 1689; the reconciliation with Alexander VIII was achieved at the price of the French ambassador's renunciation of the franchises. Return to France Decline in Breton freedoms On his return to France, he resumed his position as Lieutenant General of Brittany, which he never ceased to hold. On December 31, 1688, he was made a Knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit by King Louis XIV in Versailles. However, in 1689, the government of Brittany underwent two major changes. In February, Pomereu, the king's intendant, was permanently appointed. Brittany was the last French province to be endowed with such an agent of the king; the monarch surely felt that European tensions justified this increase in absolutism in a country of states within reach of the English coast. In August of the same year, Jean II d'Estrées was appointed commander-in-chief of Brittany. The governor was thus flanked by two king's commissioners, the intendant for civil matters (including the bourgeois militia), and the commander-in-chief for matters relating to the professional army; the king's officers had their powers considerably reduced. This reorganisation coincided with the sending of the Duke of Chaulnes as ambassador to the Holy See. The governor returned to Brittany in 1691, 1692 and 1693 to take military command, but he was explicitly asked to do so by the king. In 1695, Louis XIV obtained his resignation and replaced him with the |
Count of Toulouse, his legitimate bastard son; the latter renounced direct administration of the province and only went there on royal request. As for the Marquis of Lavardin, his military prerogatives were also limited by the arrival of the king's commissioners, but a certain permanence of his former functions left him with considerable autonomy. Thus, in 1695, during the war of the League of Augsburg, he convened the rearguard and organised the blocs of some of the troops defending Brittany. In 1697, in the absence of Marshal d'Estrées, he also blocked the claims of Admiral of Châtellerault - previously integrated into the land defence of the province - to replace the commander-in-chief at the head of the army of Brittany, and said to him: "Officers on land do not command at sea and those at sea would command at both [...], this has never been seen". On the other hand, he suffered a setback in 1696: having opposed the establishment of a patrol in Rennes on the grounds that he was not going to re-arm a town that he had disarmed during the revolt of 1675, he was proven wrong by the Council of Finance and the Controller General overruled his opinion, which was deemed anachronistic. After him, his successors at the lieutenancy general would only have nominal power. Admiralty rights case in Brittany The replacement of the Duke of Chaulnes by the Earl of Toulouse in 1695 was an opportunity for the Marquis of Lavardin to take part in the long-running conflict between the Governor of Brittany and the Admiralty of France over the rights of the Admiralty of Brittany. Among these rights, the most contested was the tenth of the catches of the race war, which authorised the levying of a tenth of the value of goods seized by privateers. The Admiralty of France - headed by the Count of Toulouse since 1683 - contested the governors' claim to the rights of the Admiralty of Brittany and demanded the collection of the tenth of catches for all the King's ships, including those armed in the port of Saint-Malo, and for Breton ships that had Brest as their home port, as this city was temporarily administered by the Admiralty of France. On the contrary, the Duke of Chaulnes claimed ownership for both the Breton ships based in Brest and the King's ships based in Saint-Malo. The disgrace of the |
Duke of Chaulnes, threatened with repayment of unduly collected duties, led Lavardin to defend the rights of the governors, with the help of the States of Brittany. He claims that in 1532, one of the conditions of Brittany's union with France was that it would retain all the privileges recognised by Anne of Brittany's marriage contracts, and in particular "the right for the governor and his lieutenant general to assume the respective functions of admiral and vice-admiral in Brittany". This thesis was strongly opposed by Jean-Baptiste-Henri of Valincour, Secretary General of the Navy, who pointed out that there was no mention of governors in the above-mentioned acts; he also defended the position that the vice-admirals of Brittany had always been appointed by the admirals of France. Eight months after the appointment of the Earl of Toulouse as governor, Louis XIV asked the States of Brittany to justify the province's claims, while Valincour was given the responsibility of defending the French admiral. It was not until six years later that, on May 30, 1701, on the advice of a commission and his ministers, Louis XIV issued a decree confirming the governors in the rights of the admiralty of Brittany and maintaining the claims of the Marquis of Lavardin. On the other hand, the port of Brest was definitively returned to the Admiral of France and a tenth of the catches was attributed to the authorities who issued the commission to the racing ships, an issue reserved for the King's ships to the Admiral of France. Henri-Charles de Beaumanoir died on 29 August 1701 in Paris and was buried in the cathedral of Saint-Julien in Le Mans, in the family vault of the Beaumanoirs of Lavardin, a relatively notable fact for an excommunicate. On hearing of his death, the Duke of Saint-Simon wrote severely in his Memoirs: "He was an extremely ugly fat man, very witty and very decorative, and of mediocre conduct. [...] He was accused of being very stingy, difficult to live with, and of having inherited the leprosy of the Rostaing family, whose mother was. He said that in his life he had never left the table without an appetite, and enough to eat well again. His gout, his gravel, and the age at which he died, did not persuade anyone to imitate his diet". Bibliography Government of Brittany Louis XIV and Innocent XI Notes and references Notes References |
External links Entries in general dictionaries or encyclopedias: Deutsche Biographie • Enciclopedia De Agostini Authority records : Fichier d’autorité international virtuel • International Standard Name Identifier • Bibliothèque nationale de France (données) • Système universitaire de documentation • Bibliothèque du Congrès • Gemeinsame Normdatei • Royal Library of the Netherlands • National Library of Poland • WorldCat Holy See Excommunication Order of the Holy Spirit 1644 births 1701 deaths |
Hampsterdance: The Album (also referred to as The Hampsterdance Album) is the debut album by Hampton the Hampster, released on October 24, 2000, through Koch Records. It was produced by the Canadian producer team the Boomtang Boys after the success of the novelty track "The Hampsterdance Song" featuring the hamster character Hampton, which was created by Canadian art student Deidre LaCarte as an Internet meme in 1998. The album reached the top 10 of the charts in Australia, where it was certified gold by ARIA. It produced the additional singles "Thank God I'm a Country Boy" (a cover of the John Denver track), "Hampster Party" and "Hampsterdance Christmas" (which included the tracks "Jingle Bells" and "Deck the Halls"), the former two of which charted at numbers 12 and 44 in Australia, respectively. Critical reception Reviewing the album for AllMusic, MacKenzie Wilson described it as "a fun-spirited collection of children's rock tunes" with "tones [that] are vibrant, equally enjoyable for any youngster" that "plays into club-dance and R&B elements for some hooky singalongs". Wilson highlighted the cover of Sly and the Family Stone's "Dance to the Music" for its "classic samples". Track listing Personnel The Boomtang Boys – producers, executive producers Nick Rawson – mastering (at The Other Studio) Jeff Chenault – art direction and design Charts Certifications References 2000 debut albums Children's music albums by Canadian artists Novelty albums |
For this election, Marie Stærke from the Social Democrats was seeking re-election and a fourth term, after having won the mayor's position following the last election. In the election result, the Social Democrats would be the largest party with 10 seats against second-place Venstre who won 6 seats. Eventually Venstre ended giviving up on winning the mayor's position. Instead they reached an untraditional agreement with the Social Democrats, that would have Marie Stærke continue as mayor. Other parties in the agreement, included - the Green Left, Danish People's Party and the Red–Green Alliance. Electoral system For elections to Danish municipalities, a number varying from 9 to 31 are chosen to be elected to the municipal council. The seats are then allocated using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation. Køge Municipality had 27 seats in 2021 Unlike in Danish General Elections, in elections to municipal councils, electoral alliances are allowed. Electoral alliances Electoral Alliance 1 Electoral Alliance 2 Electoral Alliance 3 Electoral Alliance 4 Results References Køge |
The French Pass Lighthouse together with a stone beacon mark a channel through the turbulent waters between Rangitoto ki te Tonga / D’Urville Island and the South Island. The New Zealand List of Lights calls the lighthouse Channel Point. Standing at an elevation of above sea level, it is New Zealand's lowest lighthouse. Even its companion beacon, placed on the outer edge of the reef, is higher, with an elevation of . Its formal identifiers are ARLHS: NZL-024 - Admiralty: K4238 - NGA: 5028. Tidal stream Te Aumiti / French Pass has the fastest tidal flows in New Zealand, hence the need for a lighthouse and channel beacon. The tidal stream changes from direction four times a day and does not follow the channel. At equinoctial spring tide the north-east-going stream has been known to reach 8 knots (4 m/s or and the south-west-going stream . Neap tide rates are less, but still strong. A daily table of times is published by Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) The tide times listed are the time of, apparent, slack water, and the NE and SW directions listed are the direction the tide will start to flow towards at the time listed. The change does not coincide with low water or high water at nearby Elmslie Bay. Navigation The pass is a gateway from Tasman Bay / Te Tai-o-Aorere to the Marlborough Sounds, and is a shortcut of about that is comparatively more comfortable trip than the alternative routes around the top of Stephens Island or through the Stephens Passage between it and Rangitoto ki te Tonga / D'Urville Island, both wild windy waters. The pass is wide; however, the navigable channel narrows to , and is awash with whirlpools, eddies, overfalls, rips and counter-currents. With care, a vessel can navigate the pass within an hour either side of slack water. A prudent mariner will time their passage through here to coincide with a change of tidal stream, when counter-currents and whirlpools lessen. Warning 1: Tidal stream times are approximate only. Slack water, if it occurs at all, is brief Warning 2: It is dangerous to attempt it under sail Warning 3: It is very dangerous to try it against the stream, unless the boat can travel at at least under engine power At night, the lighthouse on the mainland has a white and a red sector on both sides |
(identification F WR). If a boat is on the correct course, the white sector is visible, if you leave this sector, the red light becomes visible. The range of the red light is , and that of the white light . The red sector is obscured in Waikawa Bay by Two Island Point. The beacon on the reef emits a white glow every 1.5 seconds (identification F W), with a range of . A note on nautical chart NZ6151 directs mariners to provide an “All ships, all ships” warning to other vessels on channel 16 VHF ten minutes prior to entering the pass, stating the direction of travel. The warning helps to prevent a boat meeting another one coming from the opposite direction, especially as it is not possible to see others approaching when travelling from the north east in time to avoid collision. The approach from the south west is through an area called the Current Basin. A shallow area, called Middle Bank, is marked with a green buoy, and this should be kept to port heading towards the pass, and starboard heading away from it. The position and depth of Middle Bank is liable to change. Fisherman or Coutre Pass at the northern end of the reef should only be attempted with local knowledge. French Pass Reef Beacon The lighthouse's companion beacon located across the channel on the edge of the reef, at latitude -40.922931 longitude 173.833739. Its structure is cylindrical concrete turret, painted white. It stands at high, and at night emits a white glow every 1.5 seconds, with a range of . Its formal identifiers are ARLHS: NZL-069 - Admiralty: K4240 - NGA: 5032. History From 1854 to 1880 the only navigational aid that sailors had going through the pass was an iron perch erected on the end of the reef . In 1881, that was replaced with a concrete beacon. By this time, passenger and mail steamers regularly took a shortcut through the pass, at night, when travelling between Nelson and Wellington. Despite the known dangers, it was not until 1892 that a ship’s lamp was attached to the beacon, only to be struck shortly afterwards by a steamer, causing considerable damage to both the beacon and the boat. It was not until two years after that, that a lighthouse was constructed on the mainland side of the pass, facing towards the repaired beacon. A |
house for the lighthouse keeper was built on the cliff above with a connecting 100-step stairway to give access to the light. On 1 October 1884 the lighthouse and beacon were officially lit. In 1961, the lighthouse was automated, meaning the single lighthouse keeper no longer had to risk his life re-lighting the beacon light in a gale or replenishing it with oil at “slack tide”. The keeper was withdrawn in 1967. Access Neither the lighthouse and its staircase, nor its companion beacon is open to the public; although they can be seen from a boat and there is a good lookout over French Pass a short walk from nearby Elmslie Bay Wharf. Operations Like all lighthouses in New Zealand, both lights are remotely controlled by Maritime New Zealand from a central control room in Wellington. References Lighthouses in New Zealand Lighthouses completed in 1884 Tasman Bay Marlborough Sounds |
Aaha Kalyanam is an upcoming Indian Tamil-language television series, starring Mounika Vikram Shri, Akshaya Kandamuthan, Gayathri Sri, Vibish Aswanth RG Ram and Bhavya Sree in the lead roles. The series is an official remake of Star Jalsha's popular drama Gaatchora. It is scheduled to premiere on Star Vijay in 2023. Plot The story revolves around Kodeeswari (Mounika), a single mother struggling with her three daughters. A mother wishes that someday her daughters would get married into a wealthy family. But whose bond will form with whom, the decision lies in the hands of God. Cast Main Vikram Shri Akshaya Kandamuthan Vibish Aswanth Gayatri Sri RG Ram Bhavya Sree Recurring Mounika Anitha Venkat Production Casting The Tamil actress Mounika was cast as Kodeeswari. Gayathri Sri was cast in the female lead role as Kodeeswari's elder daughter and Akshaya Kandamuthan as second daughter by making her lead Tamil debut. Vikram Shri plays the male lead alongside her. Release The first promo was unveiled on 8 February 2023, featuring protagonist, we can see Kodeeswari and her three daughters are happily shopping in the store and the owner asked her about her daughter's wedding. A second promo was unveiled 13 February 2023. References Star Vijay original programming Tamil-language romance television series 2023 Tamil-language television series debuts Tamil-language television shows Television shows set in Tamil Nadu Tamil-language television series based on Bengali-languages television series |
The two-colored snail-eater (Dipsas bicolor), is a non-venomous snake found in Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. References Dipsas Snakes of North America Reptiles of Honduras Reptiles of Nicaragua Reptiles of Costa Rica Reptiles described in 1895 Taxa named by Albert Günther |
Heather Roach Variava is an American diplomat who is the nominee to be the US Ambassador to Laos. Early life and education Variava received a bachelor's degree from Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service. Variava also received master's degrees from the University of Missouri, the University of Sussex, and the National War College. In addition, she finished a fellowship with the International Women’s Forum. Career Variava is a career member of the Senior Foreign Service with the rank of Minister-Counselor. She currently serves as the Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Manila, Philippines. Variava previously had stints as Deputy Chief of Mission and Chargé d'Affaires, ad interim, at the U.S. Embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia, as well as the U.S. Consul General in Surabaya, Indonesia. Domestically, Variava was the Director of the Office of Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Maldives, and Bhutan in the Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, and also worked at the State Department Operations Center. Overseas assignments include postings at U.S. Missions in India, Mauritius, Vietnam, and Bangladesh. Ambassador to Laos On February 13, 2023, President Joe Biden nominated Variava to be the next ambassador to Laos. Personal life A native of Iowa, Variava speaks Indonesian, and has studied French, German, and Vietnamese. References Living people Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni University of Missouri alumni 21st-century American diplomats American women diplomats United States Foreign Service personnel Alumni of the University of Sussex National War College alumni Year of birth missing (living people) People from Iowa |
The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Taraba State will be held on 25 February 2023, to elect the 3 federal Senators from Taraba State, one from each of the state's three senatorial districts. The elections will coincide with the 2023 presidential election, as well as other elections to the Senate and elections to the House of Representatives; with state elections being held two weeks later. Primaries were held between 4 April and 9 June 2022. Background In the previous Senate elections, all three incumbent senators were returned with Yusuf Abubakar Yusuf (APC-Central) winning re-election with 45% of the vote while Shuaibu Isa Lau (PDP-North) won re-election with 43% and Emmanuel Bwacha (PDP-South) also was returned with 43%. The senatorial results were an example of the state's competitiveness as the House of Representatives seats were closely split and Abubakar only narrowly won the state in the presidential election. On the state level, the PDP continued its dominance by and winning a majority in the state House of Assembly and holding the governorship. Overview Summary Taraba Central The Taraba Central Senatorial District covers the local government areas of Bali, Gashaka, Gassol, Kurmi, and Sardauna. Incumbent Yusuf Abubakar Yusuf (APC), who was elected with 44.9% of the vote in 2019, declined to seek re-election instead running for governor of Taraba State; Yusuf lost both the initial and rerun APC primaries. General election Results Taraba North The Taraba North Senatorial District covers the local government areas of Ardo Kola, Jalingo, Karim Lamido, Lau, Yorro, and Zing. Incumbent Shuaibu Isa Lau (PDP), who was elected with 43.3% of the vote in 2019, is seeking re-election. General election Results Taraba South The Taraba South Senatorial District covers the local government areas of Donga, Ibi, Takum, Ussa, and Wukari. Incumbent Emmanuel Bwacha (APC) was elected with 42.6% of the vote in 2019 as a member of the PDP. He defected to the APC in February 2022 and opted to run for governor of Taraba State instead of seeking re-election. General election Results Notes See also 2023 Nigerian Senate election 2023 Nigerian elections 2023 Taraba State elections References Taraba State senatorial elections 2023 Taraba State elections Taraba State Senate elections |
The 1975 Munich WCT – Singles was an event of the 1975 Munich WCT tennis tournament and was played in Munich, West Germany between 10 March through 16 March 1975. Frew McMillan was the defending champion, but lost in the first round. First-seeded Arthur Ashe won the singles title, defeating Björn Borg in the final, 6–4, 7–6. Seeds Draw Finals Top half Bottom half References External links ITF tournament edition details Munich WCT Munich WCT |
Douglas Denoon Duncan (15 February 1893 – 20 May 1955) was a Scotland international rugby union player. He played as a Prop. Rugby Union career Amateur career Duncan went to South African College before attending Oxford University. Duncan played rugby union for Oxford University. Provincial career He played for Provinces District on 20 December 1919 against Cities District. He played for Scotland Probables in the 10 January 1920 final trial match of the season. The Probables beat the Possibles side by 19 points to 5 points. He played again for the Probables the following year on 8 January 1921. International career Duncan was capped 4 times for Scotland, all in the 1920 Five Nations Championship. Family His father was James Denoon Duncan (1861-1934) from Greenock, Scotland. He went to South Africa, and was an advocate for its union. He became a Senator of the Union of South Africa in 1932. The Liverpool Echo announced James Denoon Duncan's death on Thursday 31 May 1934 quoting Reuters: BOER WAR ADVISER CAPE TOWN. Thursday. The death is announced of Senator Denoon Duncan, who acted as legal adviser to the British military authorities in the Boer War. Born at Greenock. Scotland, in 1961, Mr. Duncan was nominated Senator in 1932. He died on the eve of the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Union, of which was a prominent advocate. — Reuters. James Denoon Duncan married Sophie Elizabeth Alexander (1868-1954) on 27 November 1889. It was reported in the Greenock Telegraph of 4 January 1890: James Denoon Duncan, attorney, son of J.D. Duncan, formerly with Greenock Customs, to Sophie, daughter of J.G. Alexander at Kimberley, South Africa on 27th November 1889. Douglas Denoon Duncan married Ray Evelyn Reynolds. References 1893 births 1955 deaths Scotland international rugby union players Scottish rugby union players Oxford University RFC players Rugby union props Provinces District (rugby union) players Scotland Probables players Alumni of South African College Schools |
The Green Left and the Social Democrats had won the mayor's position following the elections that had been held in Lejre Municipality since the 2007 municipal reform. The traditional red bloc had won 13 of the 25 seats in the last election, which saw Carsten Rasmussen from the Social Democrats win the mayor's position. Mandag Morgen who had published an article prediciting the 98 mayors that would follow the 2017 Danish local elections, expected him to win re-election. However, the result would not end this way. Conservatives, Green Left and Danish People's Party would be the parties that would have a chage in number of seats won. While the latter two both lost a seat, the Conservatives gained 2. This meant that the traditional blue bloc now had 13 seats and a majority. This led to Tina Mandrup from Venstre becoming mayor. Electoral system For elections to Danish municipalities, a number varying from 9 to 31 are chosen to be elected to the municipal council. The seats are then allocated using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation. Lejre Municipality had 25 seats in 2021 Unlike in Danish General Elections, in elections to municipal councils, electoral alliances are allowed. Electoral alliances Electoral Alliance 1 Electoral Alliance 2 Electoral Alliance 3 Electoral Alliance 4 Results Notes References Lejre |
George Read McLane (December 20, 1819August 16, 1855) was an American medical doctor, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He was a member of the Wisconsin Senate, representing northern Waukesha County during the 1853 and 1854 sessions. At the time of his death, he was vice president of the Wisconsin Historical Society. Biography George Read McLane was born in Wilmington, Delaware, a scion of two prominent Delaware families. He received his primary education at the Newark Academy, then attended Newark College for two years. At that time, he had become interested in civil engineering, and studied under Isaac R. Trimble, who was then an engineer in charge of the Baltimore and Susquehanna Railroad. After two years, however, he decided that he would instead follow his father into the medical profession. He studied with his father and then graduated from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. He then went to work as a practicing physician in the hospitals of Philadelphia, and then operated in private practice in partnership with his father. After a period of poor health, he visited the Wisconsin Territory in 1847, then returned and established permanent residence in the Fall of 1848, shortly after Wisconsin achieved statehood. He purchased a tract of land in the town of Delafield, in Waukesha County, which was known for many years as "Readland", in honor of his mother's family. The estate included a mile of waterfront on Delafield's Pine Lake, and came to be known as one of the finest farms in the county. In 1852, he ran for Wisconsin Senate on the Democratic Party ticket in the 9th State Senate district. At the time, the district comprised roughly the northern half of Waukesha County. He won election and served a two-year term, participating in the 6th and 7th Wisconsin legislatures. He did not run for re-election in 1854, and was appointed superintendent of the yet-to-be-built state insane asylum, which had been authorized by the Legislature in 1854. In that capacity, he visited many of the similar institutions of the eastern states and drew up a model for the treatment of patients in Wisconsin. But the construction of the hospital was delayed by controversy over corruption, and McLane ultimately died before the hospital became a reality. Personal life and family George Read McLane was one of five children born to Allen and Catherine ( Read) McLane. Allen McLane was also a notable medical |
doctor in his native Delaware. George McLane's paternal grandfather was Colonel Allan McLane, who served as an officer in the Continental Army through most of the American Revolutionary War. Louis McLane, who served as a United States senator, Treasury Secretary, Secretary of State, and Ambassador to the United Kingdom, was his uncle. On his mother's side, his great-grandfather was George Read, one of the signers of the United States Declaration of Independence and a highly influential legal and political leader in early Delaware. George Read McLane never married and had no known children. References External links 1819 births 1855 deaths People from Wilmington, Delaware People from Delafield, Wisconsin Democratic Party Wisconsin state senators Physicians from Wisconsin 19th-century American politicians Burials in Delaware |
Procambarus pallidus, the pallid cave crayfish, is a freshwater crayfish native to over 80 caves in Florida and Georgia in the United States. References Cambaridae Cave crayfish Freshwater crustaceans of North America Crustaceans described in 1940 Taxa named by Horton H. Hobbs Jr. |
Adaköy () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 74 in 2021. The hamlet of Dağgeçe is attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
Aktaş () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 27 in 2021. The hamlets of Beşpınar, Hıdıran, Mollalar and Tepe are attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
Akyayık () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 49 in 2021. The hamlets of Arpacı, Çamlık, Divanederviş, İkizler, Tutumlu and Yürekli are attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
They Listen is an upcoming American horror film written and directed by Chris Weitz. It stars Katherine Waterston, John Cho and Lukita Maxwell. Jason Blum and Weitz produce through their Blumhouse Productions and Depth of Field banners respectively, alongside Andrew Miano. They Listen is set to be released in the United States on August 25, 2023 by Sony Pictures Releasing. Cast Katherine Waterston John Cho Riki Lindhome Lukita Maxwell Greg Hill Havana Rose Liu Production The film is produced by Weitz's production company Depth of Field, with backing from Blumhouse and Sony Pictures. It is also produced by Jason Blum and Andrew Miano, with Bea Sequeira, Dan Balgoyen, Britta Rowings, and Paul Davis as executive producers. In December 2022, Katherine Waterston and John Cho were revealed to be cast. In February 2023, Greg Hill and Lukita Maxwell were reported to be part of the cast. That same month, Riki Lindhome and Havana Rose Liu was revealed to be in the cast. Principal photography began in Los Angeles in December 2022. Release The film has a planned release date of August 25, 2023. References External links Upcoming films 2023 films 2023 horror films 2020s American films 2020s English-language films American horror films Blumhouse Productions films Films directed by Chris Weitz Films produced by Jason Blum Films shot in Los Angeles Films with screenplays by Chris Weitz Sony Pictures films Upcoming English-language films |
The 2023 United States Women's Curling Championship was held from February 5 to 11, 2023 at the Denver Coliseum in Denver, Colorado. The event was held in conjunction with the 2023 United States Men's Curling Championship. This was the first Women's Championship in two years, after the 2022 Championship was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualification Teams qualified for the event according to the following procedure: 2022 Olympic representative (Team Peterson), Current season's World Junior Curling Championships representative (Team Scheel), Four highest-ranking teams (not already qualified) on the World Curling Federation YTD ranking system as of December 20, 2022 (Team Strouse, Team McMakin, Team Rhyme, Team Workin), and Highest-finishing team (not already qualified) in the two qualifying events: the Curling Stadium Contender Series (Team Bear), and the Curl Mesabi Classic (Team Anderson). Teams Eight teams participated in the 2023 national championship. Round-robin standings Final round-robin standings Playoffs 1 vs. 2 Friday, February 10, 2:00 pm 3 vs. 4 Friday, February 10, 2:00 pm Semifinal Friday, February 10, 7:00 pm Final Saturday, February 11, 4:00 pm References United States National Curling Championships United States Women's Curling, United States Women's 2023 in sports in Colorado Sports competitions in Denver 2020s in Denver Curling in Colorado |
Elgazi () is a village in the Ovacık District, Tunceli Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 18 in 2021. The hamlets of Alikomu, Aşağıasmacık, Doğanca, Herge and Yukarıasmacık are attached to the village. References Kurdish settlements in Tunceli Province Villages in Ovacık District |
Figure skater and television commentator Johnny Weir is a two-time Olympian (2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics), the 2008 World bronze medalist, a two-time Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, the 2001 World Junior Champion, and a three-time U.S. National champion (2004–2006). Weir had two coaches in his competitive figure skating career, Priscilla Hill, who was, unlike many figure skating coaches, was "nurturing and gentle" and Russian Galina Zmievskaya, who had a different approach to coaching than Hill. Hill trained Weir in pair skating to strengthen his skating and to focus on skills other than jumps. Zmievskaya had a more Russian approach and focused on "drill sergeant-like demands for discipline and rigor". Weir considered his style of figure skating artistic and classical and was known for his lyricism. He believed that his style was "a hybrid of Russian and American skating", which was brought out by hiring coaches from those countries and often caused conflicts with U.S. Figure Skating, as did many of his costume choices. He was instructed by Yuri Sergeev, a dancer for the St. Petersburg Ballet, taught himself the Russian language, conversing with Zmievskaya in Russian, and compared himself to Russian skater Evgeni Plushenko. In 2014, Weir designed Olympic gold medalist Yuzuru Hanyu's costume for his free skating program, worn during the Sochi Olympics. Weir's outspokenness caused conflict between him and U.S. Figure Skating. Weir was praised for being one of the few figure skaters who spoke his mind, even when he knew it would get him in trouble with federation officials and judges. The press, especially in the U.S., made much out of the rivalry between Weir and his fellow competitor and rival, Evan Lysacek. Coaching Johnny Weir's first coach, Priscilla Hill, unlike many figure skating coaches, was "nurturing and gentle". She became "a second mom" to him in Delaware. At the beginning of Weir's career, "all [he] wanted to do was jump; as sports writer Philip Hersh stated, jumping had always "come ridiculously easy to Weir". Hill trained Weir in pair skating, teaming him with Jodi Rudden the first year they worked together, to focus on other aspects of figure skating, such as edges, spinning, footwork, and artistry. He and Rudden won a few minor competitions in pair skating the first two years he skated competitively. By 2005, Weir's skating skills were good enough that he did not need a quadruple jump to do well in competition, |
although he worked on adding it to his programs. In 2007, he changed coaches and hired Galina Zmievskaya, whom reporter Amy Strauss called "the polar opposite" of Hill. He thought that he would benefit from Zmievskaya's "drill sergeant-like demands for discipline and rigor", as well as her Russian approach to figure skating. She also focused on improving his jumps; Hill did not tend to focus on jumps in order to avoid stressing his body. Zmievskaya made him practice his jumps over and over again, especially quadruple jumps. Before training with her, he had "a very free entrance" into his triple Axel. He relied on his natural talent and would fly into his jumps, which made them exciting for him to perform and for the audience to watch. Zmievskaya had a strict pattern for how he accomplished his jumps, no matter how much it punished his body. He admitted in 2018, however, that quadruple jumps were his "nemesis". Weir said that even though Zmievskaya was tougher than he was used to, she was also nurturing, caring for him, and controlling every aspect of his life. They developed a strong bond after a few weeks of working together. Artistry Weir called his style classical. He was known for being "a very lyrical skater"; Olympic champion and commentator Dick Button described Weir as "more than just a jumper but an entertaining artisan". Weir told figure skating reporter Lou Parees in 2004 that he believed that he was able to offset his technical weaknesses with his elegance. He did not think he needed to include quadruple jumps in his programs because he focused on other aspects of his skating. Parees said that Weir's landings were graceful and elegant, and that his spins were unique. At the time, Weir's secure landings earned him more points than skaters who attempted quadruple jumps and fell. He told Parees that "the softer edge" of his skating, which he did not need to practice, came naturally to him. Weir told figure skating reporter Barry Mittan in 2005 that he thought the ISU Judging System, which was implemented in 2004, benefited him because at the time, it rewarded every part of a skater's programs, especially Weir's strengths, such as "having good flow out of my jumps and having a different look on the ice”. Weir told Jeré Longman of The New York Times after the 2010 U.S. Nationals, "My obligation |
has always been to bring the artistic side of my sport out. Jumps are jumps, and everybody can do those jumps. But not everybody can show something wonderful and special and unique and different". He also told Longman that he had no interest in making figure skating more "mainstream or masculine", and that figure skating had a specific audience attracted to the sport's athleticism, theatricality, elegance, and artistry. Frank Carroll, who coached Weir's rival Evan Lysacek, said that he respected Weir for knowing who he was and for not caring what others thought of him. Weir believed that his style was "a hybrid of Russian and American skating", two different approaches to figure skating. He said, in his 2011 autobiography Welcome to My World, "With coaches from both countries, I had married the artistic with the athletic, the passion with the technique. My costumes were different and so was the way I moved my body. I was an American boy with a Russian soul, and nobody else skated like me". Weir developed a connection with Russia and with the Russian style of figure skating early in his career. His first ballet teacher in Delaware, Yuri Sergeev, was a dancer for the St. Petersburg Ballet, and he taught himself the Russian language, conversing with Zmievskaya in Russian. He also studied czarist history and wore a jacket from the "old Soviet team uniform as a good-luck charm", given to him by Russian pairs skater and Olympic gold medalist Tatiana Totmianina, during the 2006 Olympics in Turin. Weir compared his style to Russian champion Evgeni Plushenko, stating, "I think Plushenko is a very modern Russia, as it is now. I'm more from the Baryshnikov era". This aspect of his skating style often caused conflicts with U.S. Figure Skating; Weir also said that his skating style, his programs, and costumes, especially his short program and accompanying costume he wore at his first Russian Grand Prix in 2002, was considered "an affront to American skating tradition". Weir stated that his connection with Russia caused many Russian fans to "came to think of me as one of their own". Figure skating reporter Gwen Knapp called Weir "an honorary Russian". Costumes Weir often designed his own costumes or worked extensively with his designers. At times, his costume choices caused conflicts with U.S. Figure Skating, which he called "the federation". In 2002, the first time he traveled to |
Russia for a competition, he was told by American skating officials that he had to change both his costume, which he had designed, and hairstyle, because they found them "too unique" and "disrespectful". Weir's costumes helped him compete; like his music choices, they helped create his programs' mood and character. He stated, "I can't skate unless I feel beautiful", so he spent a lot of time on his costume, hair, and makeup. In 2014, Weir designed Olympic gold medalist Yuzuru Hanyu's costume for his free skating program, worn during the Sochi Olympics. In 2018, Hanyu paid tribute to Weir with his short program, as well as to Russian champion Evgeni Plushenko in his free skating program. Figure skater costume designer and Emmy-winner Jef Billings expressed his opinion that Weir's "singular personality" and "exaggerated style" might have undercut Weir's skating. Phillip Hersh stated that earlier in Weir's career, he was able to maintain a balance between his "understated elegance" and "the too-too costumes he prefers", but by 2010, "the balance has tipped toward shtick". In 2010, Weir designed fellow Olympian Yuzuru Hanyu's free skate costume. Influence Weir's outspokenness often caused conflict between him and U.S. Figure Skating. In 2004, the federation told Hill to have Weir "tone down the skater's act" after he described the costume he wore during U.S. Nationals as "an icicle on crack". Knapp called Weir "a natural with the media—smart, witty, insightful". Steve Kelley of the Seattle Times called Weir "as much a world-class sportsman as he is a showman". Kelley also called Weir "refreshing" in the "increasingly uptight" sport of figure skating, someone who celebrated his outlandishness and genuineness. He also stated, "While figure skating tries to become more mainstream and looks for some love from the NFL-loving fans, while it tries to 'masculinize' its sport, it shouldn't forget about athletic showmen like Johnny Weir. He is too good and too charismatic to be ignored".The Associated Press (AP), prior to Weir's retirement in 2013, said that Weir had "always been delightfully refreshing, on and off the ice". The AP praised Weir for being one of the few figure skaters who spoke his mind, even when he knew it would get him in trouble with federation officials and judges. They also said, "His colorfulness is part of his massive appeal, and he remains one of skating's most popular figures, particularly in Japan and Russia". The press made |
much of the rivalry between Weir and Evan Lysacek. E.M. Swift of Sports Illustrated wrote in 2007 that their rivalry was "exacerbated by Weir's increasingly outlandish behavior", citing a recent photo shoot and Weir's fashion choices at press conferences during Nationals. Nancy Armour of the AP reported during U.S. Nationals in 2007 that Lysacek and Weir had a "good rivalry" that had developed over the previous few years. For five straight years, either Weir or Lysacek won gold at U.S. Nationals, Weir in 2004, 2005, and 2006, and Lysacek in 2007 and 2008, to the point that Weir called Nationals the "Evan and Johnny show". Inevitably, Weir and Lysacek's skating styles and personalities were often compared. For example, Swift stated that even through they were evenly matched in their skating skills and abilities, they were "stylistic opposites". Swift compared Weir and Lysacek in this way: "Lysacek is all sparks of energy, emotion and gangly strength...Weir tries to embody elegance, style and fragile grace". As for Weir and Lysacek themselves, they tended to downplay their rivalry. In 2007, the Denver Post reported that although Weir and Lysacek were not friends, they were friendly, complimenting each other's skating, touring together in Champions on Ice, and avoiding speaking negatively about each other. Also in 2007, Weir stated that the rivalry helped both he and Lysacek train and skate better, that it was exciting for the fans and for the skating community, and that it was good for U.S. men's figure skating. By 2010, however, their rivalry intensified after Lysacek suggested that "a lack of talent" was the reason Weir was not hired to tour with Stars on Ice. Lysacek later apologized for his remarks. In 2021, Weir was inducted, along with professional figure skater and coach Sandy Schwomeyer Lamb and judge and official Gale Tanger, into the U.S. Figure Skating Hall of Fame. The inductions were postponed until the 2022 U.S. Figure Skating Championships due to the COVID-19 pandemic. References Works cited Weir, Johnny (2011). Welcome to My World. New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc. . Living people American male single skaters Figure skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics Figure skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics Gay sportsmen LGBT figure skaters American LGBT sportspeople Olympic figure skaters of the United States World Figure Skating Championships medalists |
Chicago shooting or Chicago massacre may refer to: Chicago race riot of 1919, a racial conflict between White-Americans and African-Americans, that killed 38 people (23 of whom were Black and 15 were White) Saint Valentine's Day Massacre, a gang shooting in February 1929 that killed 7 people at Lincoln Park 1937 Memorial Day massacre Richard Speck (1941–1991), American mass murderer who killed 8 student nurses either by stabbing, strangling, slashing, or a combination of the three between in July 1966 Assassination of Fred Hampton, an African-American man who was killed on December 4, 1969 Chicago Tylenol murders, a mass poisoning that killed 7 people between September to October 1982 1999 Independence Day weekend shootings, a spree shooting in July 1999 that killed 2 people and injured 10 others that targeted Jews, Asian-Americans and African-Americans Killing of Rekia Boyd, an African-American woman who was fatally shot by police in March 2012 Murder of Laquan McDonald, an African-American man who was fatally shot by police in October 2014 Gage Park murders, a mass stabbing that killed 6 people of the Martinez family (5 of whom were stabbed and one was shot by gunfire) at Gage Park in February 2016 Killing of Paul O'Neal, an African-American man who was fatally shot by police during a grand theft auto chase in July 2016 Mercy Hospital shooting, a shooting at a hospital that killed 3 people in November 2018 Killing of Adam Toledo, a Latino boy who was fatally shot by police in March 2021 Killing of Anthony Alvarez, a Latino man who was fatally shot by police which occurred 2 days after the killing of Adam Toledo Magnificent Mile shooting, a mass shooting that killed 2 people and injured 8 others near a McDonald's in May 2022 See also Crime in Chicago List of mass shootings in the United States |
Bob Ridgely's snail-eater (Dipsas bobridgelyi), is a non-venomous snake found in Ecuador and Peru. References Dipsas Snakes of South America Reptiles of Ecuador Reptiles of Peru Reptiles described in 2018 |
Valentin Atangana Edoa (born 25 August 2005) is a professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Reims. Born in Cameroon, he is a youth international for France. Club career Atangana is a youth product of FCF La Neuvillette-Jamin, before moving to the academy of Reims in 2015. He began his senior career with the Reims reserves in 2021, and signed his first professional contract with the club on 7 May 2022. He made his professional debut with Reims as a late substitute in a 4–0 Ligue 1 win over Troyes on 12 February 2023. International career Born in Cameroon, Atangana moved to France at a young age and was naturalized. He played for the France U17 in the tournament winning campaign at the 2022 UEFA European Under-17 Championship. Style of playing Atangana Edoa is a flexible player who primarily plays as a defensive midfielder, but can also operate as a central midfielder or right-back as needed. He is a strong leader who fights defensively and helps other players shine. Honours France U17 UEFA European Under-17 Championship: 2022 References External links FFF profile 2005 births Living people Cameroonian emigrants to France French sportspeople of Cameroonian descent French footballers Footballers from Yaoundé Association football midfielders France youth international footballers Cameroonian footballers Ligue 1 players Championnat National 2 players Stade de Reims players |
The 2023 Arab Club Champions Cup, officially named the 2023 King Salman Club Cup () after Salman of Saudi Arabia, where the final tournament will be hosted, will be the 30th season of the Arab Club Champions Cup, the Arab world's club football tournament organised by UAFA. A total of 37 teams will participate in the tournament, which will start with a preliminary round before the final tournament is held in Saudi Arabia in the summer of 2023 across three cities: Abha, Al Bahah, and Taif. A total of $10 million of prize money will be awarded. Raja Casablanca are the defending champions, having won their second title in the previous edition. Teams Preliminary round Preliminary round I Preliminary round II Notes References External links UAFA Official website 2023 2023 in Asian football 2023 in African football |
Betta nuluhon is a species of gourami. It is native to Asia, where it occurs in western Sabah on the island of Borneo in Malaysia. The species reaches at least 7.06 cm (2.8 inches) in standard length. It was described in 2020 by N. S. S. Kamal (of the Sabah Forestry Department), H. H. Tan (of the National University of Singapore), and Casey K. C. Ng (of Universiti Sains Malaysia). FishBase does not list this species. References nuluhon Fish described in 2020 Fish of Malaysia |
Since the 2007 municipal reform, only parties of the blue bloc had held the mayor's position in Greve Municipality. Current mayor coming into this election was Pernille Beckmann from Venstre, who had been mayor following the 2013 election and the 2017 election . In the 2017 election, the blue bloc had won 13 of the 21 seats. In this election, no dramatic changes occurred. The Social Democrats, Liberal Alliance and Danish People's Party would all lose a seat. The Conservatives gained 1 seat, but did not come anywhere near the 9 seats Venstre won, despite having held the mayor's position before in the municipality. The New Right would win representation with 1 seat for the first time in the party's history, while the Green Left would win representation with 1 seat, for the first time since the 2009 election. Again the blue bloc had won 13 seats, and Pernille Beckmann looked likely to continue for a third term. This would later be confirmed. Electoral system For elections to Danish municipalities, a number varying from 9 to 31 are chosen to be elected to the municipal council. The seats are then allocated using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation. Greve Municipality had 21 seats in 2021 Unlike in Danish General Elections, in elections to municipal councils, electoral alliances are allowed. Electoral alliances Electoral Alliance 1 Electoral Alliance 2 Electoral Alliance 3 Results Notes References Greve |
Student rights in United States higher education are accorded by bills or laws (e.g. the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Higher Education Act of 1965) and executive presidential orders. These have been proceduralized by the courts to varying degrees. The U.S. does not have a legally binding national student bill of rights and students rely on institutions to voluntarily provide this information. While some colleges are posting their own student bills, there is no legal requirement that they do so and no requirement that they post all legal rights. Institutional regulations Right to protection from arbitrary or capricious decision making Decision making should not be arbitrary or capricious / random and, thus, interfere with fairness. While this case concerned a private school, Healy v. Larsson (1974) found that what applied to private intuitions applied also to public. Right to have institutions follow their own rules Institutions are required, contractually, to follow their own rules. Institutional documents may also be considered binding implied-n-fact contracts. Goodman v. President and Trustees of Bowdoin College (2001) ruled that institutional documents are still contractual regardless if they have a disclaimer. Courts have ruled students are protected from deviation from information advertised in bulletins or circulars, regulations, course catalogues, student codes, and handbooks. Right to a continuous contract Mississippi Medical Center v. Hughes (2000) determined that students have an implied right to a continuous contract during a period of continuous enrollment suggesting that students have the right to graduate so long as they fulfill the requirements as they were originally communicated. Degree requirement changes are unacceptable. Bruner v. Petersen (1997) found also that contractual protections do not apply in the event that a student, who has failed to meet requirements, is readmitted into a program. The student may be required to meet additional requirements which support their success. This may also help avoid issues of discrimination. Right to notice of degree requirement changes Brody v. Finch University of Health Sciences Chicago Med. School (1998) determined that students have the right to notice of degree requirement changes. Right to fulfillment of verbal promises Verbal contracts are also binding. The North Carolina Court of Appeals in Long v. University of North Carolina at Wilmington (1995) found, however, that verbal agreements must be made in an official capacity in order to be binding (Bowden, 2007). Dezick v. Umpqua Community College (1979) found a student was compensated because classes |
offered orally by the dean were not provided. Healy v. Larsson (1974) found that a student who completed degree requirements prescribed by an academic advisor was entitled to a degree on the basis that this was an implied contract. Academic advising Right to fulfillment of promises and verbal promises by advisors Verbal contracts are binding. They must be made in an official capacity, however, to be binding. Dezick v. Umpqua Community College (1979) found a student was compensated because classes offered orally by the dean were not provided. Healy v. Larsson (1974) found that a student who completed degree requirements prescribed by an academic advisor was entitled to a degree on the basis that this was an implied contract. An advisor should, thus, be considered an official source of information. Right to a continuous contract during a period of continuous enrollment Mississippi Medical Center v. Hughes (2000) determined that students have an implied right to a continuous contract during a period of continuous enrollment suggesting that students have the right to graduate so long as they fulfill the requirements as they were originally communicated. Degree requirement changes are unacceptable. Bruner v. Petersen (1997) found also that contractual protections do not apply in the event that a student, who has failed to meet requirements, is readmitted into a program. The student may be required to meet additional requirements which support their success. This may also help avoid issues of discrimination. Right to notice of degree requirement changes Brody v. Finch University of Health Sciences Chicago Med. School (1998) determined that students have the right to notice of degree requirement changes (Kaplan & Lee, 2011). If a student, for instance, is absent for a semester and is not continuously enrolled they need to know if degree requirements have changed. Right to protection from arbitrary or capricious decision making Decision making should not be arbitrary or capricious / random and, thus, interfere with fairness. This is a form of discrimination. While this case concerned a private school, Healy v. Larsson (1974) found that what applied to private intuitions applied also to public. Recruitment Right to basic institutional facts and figures before admission The 2008 Higher Education Opportunity Act (HOEA, 2008) requires that institutions disclose institutional statistics on the Department of Education (DOE) website to allow students to make more informed educational decisions. Information required on the DOE website includes: tuition, fees, net price |
of attendance, tuition plans, and statistics including sex, ability, ethnic and transfer student ratios as well as ACT/SAT scores, degrees offered, enrolled, and awarded. Institutions are also required to disclose transfer credit policies and articulation agreements. Right to protection from ability discrimination in academic recruitment The 1990 Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act prohibits ability discrimination in academic recruitment. This includes ability discrimination in recruitment. Individuals designated with a disability by a medical professional, legally recognized with a disability and deemed otherwise qualified are entitled to equal treatment and reasonable accommodations. The Supreme Court defined Otherwise qualified as an individual who can perform the required tasks in spite of rather than except for their disability. Admissions Right to protection from sex discrimination in admissions Title IX of the 1972 Higher Education Act Amendments protect all sexes from pre-admission inquiries with regard to pregnancy, parental status, family or marital status. It can be seen that this act also protects against such inquiry regarding inter-sexed, transsexual, transgender or androgynous individuals. Right to protection from ability discrimination in admissions The 1990 Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act. This includes ability discrimination in admissions. Individuals designated with a disability by a medical professional, legally recognized with a disability and deemed otherwise qualified are entitled to equal treatment and reasonable accommodations in both educational and employment related activities. The Supreme Court defined Otherwise qualified as an individual who can perform the required tasks in spite of rather than except for their disability. Right to protection from racial discrimination in admissions Individuals may not be discriminated against on the basis of their color in either undergraduate or graduate school admissions. Right to testing in admissions accommodations Protection from discrimination in admissions entails that students receive accommodations required to prove they are otherwise qualified, protection from unfair testing practices, testing accommodations for speech, manual and hearing disabilities and access to alternative testing offered in accessible facilities. Alternative testing must also be offered as frequently as are standard tests. Where no alternative testing exists, institutions, however, are not responsible for accommodations. Right to protection from sex discrimination in admissions testing Educational tests which are biased in favor of one gender, may not be relied upon as the sole source of information decision making. Right to protection from racially segregating testing policies Students' equality entails |
that individuals not be treated differently by individuals or systematically by an institution. Thus, testing policies which systematically discriminate, are unlawful according to the constitution. United States v. Fordice (1992) prohibited the use of ACT scores in Mississippi admissions, for instance, because the gap between ACT scores of white and black student was greater than the GPA gap which was not considered at all. Right to race conscious affirmative action in admissions to correct for discrimination When a school has engaged in racial discrimination in the past they are required by law to take race conscious affirmative action to correct it. Right to protection from reverse discrimination White students are protected from racial discrimination at historic minority institutions. Racial equality calls for the equal treatment of all individuals; it does not permit, however, lower admissions test requirements or subjective judgments for racial minorities when there are objective standards in place for all applicants. Right to protection from subjective interviews There may be no segregation in the admissions process including subjective interviews when there are objective standards in place for all applicants. Right to protection from differential testing requirements Students are protected from the use of lower admissions test scores. Right to protection from admissions quotas based on demographics Students are protected from the use of quotas which set aside seats for certain demographics. Right to adherence to registration materials Students are protected from deviation from information advertised in registration materials. This may be a binding implied-in-fact contract. Goodman v. President and Trustees of Bowdoin College (2001) ruled that institutional documents are still contractual regardless if they have a disclaimer. Readmissions Right to equality in readmissions Institutions must be careful with readmissions after students have failed to complete necessary program requirements. Readmission raises questions as to why individuals were removed from the program in the first place and whether future applicants may be admitted under like conditions. Discrimination may be alleged regarding both the initial removal and also in the case that other students are not readmitted under like circumstances. Kaplan & Lee and Lee (2011) recommend that institutions, if they wish to avoid breach of contract and discrimination accusations, have an explicit readmission policy even if that policy denies readmission. If students take a voluntary leave of absence, institutions must have a valid reason to refuse readmission. Classroom rights Right to adherence to class syllabi Students are protected from deviation |
from information advertised in class syllabi. This may be a binding implied-n-fact contract. Goodman v. President and Trustees of Bowdoin College (2001) ruled that institutional documents are still contractual regardless if they have a disclaimer. Right to the advertised course content Students are entitled to receive instruction on advertised course content. Institutions have the right to require coverage of designated course material by teachers and faculty and students are generally protected if they adhere to syllabus guidelines. Right to the advertised level of course instruction Students may expect teaching in conformity with the course level advertised. Andre v. Pace University (1994) awarded damages on the grounds of negligent misrepresentation and breach of contract. Right to attention to course objectives Teachers must give reasonable attention to all stated course subjects. Right to the advertised content covered in sufficient depth Students may have all advertised content covered in sufficient depth. Right to uniformity across class sections Scallet v. Rosenblum (1996) found that "tight control over the curriculum was necessary to ensure uniformity across class sections". Right to fair grading in accordance with the course syllabus Students may be graded fairly and in accordance with criteria set forth by the course syllabuses and may be protected from the addition of new grading criteria. Institutions have the responsibility of preserving quality in grade representations and comparability between classes and prevent grade inflation. Teachers have the right, under the first amendment, to communicate their opinions regarding student grades, but institutions are required to meet students implied contract rights to fair grading practices. Departments may change grades issued by teachers which are not in line with grading policies or are unfair or unreasonable. Right to learn Students have the right to learn. Teachers do not have free rein in the classroom. They must act within departmental requirements which ensure students' right to learn and must be considered effective. Sweezy v. New Hampshire (1957) found that teachers have the right to lecture. They do not have academic freedom under the law. Any academic freedom rules are put in place by the school. Right to protection from the misuse of time Students may expect protection from the misuse of time; teachers may not waste students' time or use the class as a captive audience for views or lessons not related to the course. Riggin v. Bd. of Trustees of Ball St. Univ. found that instructors may not "wast[e] |
the time of the students who have come there and paid money for a different purpose." Right to effective teaching Students can expect effective teaching even if it requires departmental involvement in teaching and curriculum development. Kozol (2005) observed that the curriculum development may not be beneficial for all students since some students come from disadvantaged backgrounds where not every student has equitable opportunities to succeed in school. If there is departmental involvement in the students' learning then the departments need to acknowledge that students are different when they belong to a minority group. Ogbu (2004) argued that for an effective teaching to take place, departments need to understand students at a group level as well as at an individual level because even students within the same minority groups are different. Given that students have the right to effective teaching, department involvement needs to understand cultural diversity and cultural differences before a curriculum development is considered. Right to protection from written or verbal abuse Teachers have the right to regulated expression but may not use their first amendment privileges punitively or discriminatorily or in a way which prevents students from learning by ridiculing, proselytizing, harassment or use of unfair grading practices. Right to protection from ability discrimination in learning The 1990 Americans With Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act prohibit disability based discrimination in the classroom. Act This includes ability discrimination in learning and deemed otherwise qualified are entitled to equal treatment and reasonable accommodations in both educational and employment related activities. The Supreme Court defined 'Otherwise Qualified' as an individual who can perform the required tasks in spite of rather than except for their disability. Right to ability accommodation in classroom facilities Disabled students are entitled to equal access to classrooms facilities required to achieve a degree. Right to protection from testing policies which racially segregate Students Equality entails that individuals not be treated differently by individuals or systematically by an institution. Thus, testing policies which systematically discriminate, are unlawful according to the constitution. United States v. Fordice (1992) prohibited the use of ACT scores in Mississippi admissions, for instance, because the gap between ACT scores of white and black student was greater than the GPA gap which was not considered at all. Student group rights Right to equality in the provision of student activities Institutions have an obligation to provide equal opportunities in athletics, |
bands and clubs. This includes equal accommodation of interests and abilities for both sexes, provision of equipment and facility scheduling for such activities as games and practices, travel allowance and dorm room facilities. It includes also equal quality facilities including locker rooms, medical services, tutoring services, coaching and publicity. To ensure that sufficient opportunities are made available for women, institutions are responsible for complying with Title IX in one of three ways. They must provide athletic opportunities proportionate to enrollment, prove that they are continually expanding opportunities for the underrepresented sex or accommodate the interests and abilities of the underrepresented sex. Right to the disclosure of athletics plans and expenditures The 2008 Higher Education Opportunity Act also requires the disclosure of athletics information including male and female undergraduate enrollment, number of teams and team statistics including the number of players, team operating expenses, recruitment, coach salaries, aid to teams and athletes and team revenue (HEOA, 2008). This information is required to ensure equality standards are met. Residence halls Right to have visitors in residence hall rooms Good v. Associated Students Univ. of Washington (1975) found students have the right to have visitors and solicitors in their residence hall rooms. Right to sex equality in housing standards Students are entitled to housing of equal quality and cost and to equal housing policies. Right to protection from gender segregation in residence Until the nineteen nineties gender segregation was permissible so long as institutional rationale for doing so was narrowly defined and justifiable. This precedent was officially reversed, however, after the Supreme Court in United States v. Commonwealth of Virginia (1992) found that a woman mistakenly admitted to a men's military college was entitled to remain enrolled. Right to disability accommodation in residence facilities Students with disabilities are also entitled to equal quality dormitories with living accommodations (Section 504 Rehabilitation Act, 1973; Kaplan & Lee, 2011. All accommodations are currently free to the student even if the student has the financial means to pay for them. Right to protection from age discrimination in residence Students are entitled to equal treatment in housing regardless of age unless there is a narrowly defined goal which requires unequal treatment and policy is neutrally applied. Prostrollo v. University of South Dakota (1974), for instance, found that the institution may require all single freshmen and sophomores to live on campus. They did not discriminate between age groups. Right |
to protection from dorm search and seizure Piazzola v. Watkins (1971) established that students are not required to waive search and seizure rights as a condition of dormitory residence. Random door sweeps are impermissible. Right to clearly defined terms of dorm search and seizure Institutions may enter rooms in times of emergency, if they have proof of illegal activity or a threat to the educational environment. Both these terms must be clearly stipulated in advance. Otherwise institutions must ask for permission to enter. When dorms rooms are legally searched for narrowly defined reasons or officials are legally permitted to enter student rooms, students are not protected from property damage incurred in the search process or action taken when evidence is in plain sight. Right to protection from illegal police search and seizure Evidence found in student dorm rooms by institutional employees cannot be used in a court of law and institutions cannot allow police to conduct a search and seizure without warrant. Students may not be punished for refusing a warrantless search from institutional authorities or police officers. When students freely allow institutional officials to enter institutions can hold students accountable for evidence in plain sight. Privacy Right to privacy in higher education Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) found that the third, fourth, and fifteen amendments together constitute an inalienable right to privacy. Students are extended the same privacy rights extended to the community at large. Right to privacy of student records The 1971 Family Rights and Privacy Act and the 2008 Higher Education Opportunity Act protect student information. Students have the right to access their records, dispute record keeping and limited control over the release of documents to third parties. Right to approve release of student information FRPA and the HOEA require students sign a release before their student records will be provided to third parties (e.g.: to parents and employers tec.). This legislation does allow schools, however, to release information without student approval for the purpose of institutional audit, evaluation, or study, student aid consideration, institutional accreditation, compliance with legal subpoenas or juvenile justice system officers or in order to comply with laws requiring identification of sex offenders on campus. Institutions may also disclose information to student guardians if the student is declared a depeneant for tax purposes (FERPA). Right to notice of information disclosures Under FERPA, schools may publish directory information, including the students name, address, phone number, |
date of birth, place of birth, awards, attendance dates or student ID number, unless students ask the school not to disclose it. The institution must inform students they are entitled to these rights. Right to use pseudonyms on public internet forums Individuals may use pseudonyms online and are not required to identify themselves (Kaplan & Lee, 2011). Drug testing Random National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) urine testing is legal to protect athlete health, fair competition and opportunities to educate about drug abuse in sports. Officials are allowed to watch athletes urinate. This overturned an earlier ruling which prohibited urination watching. Information rights Right to basic institutional facts and figures before admission The 2008 Higher Education Opportunity Act requires that institutions disclose institutional statistics on the Department of Education (DOE) website to allow students to make more informed educational decisions. Information required on the DOE website includes: tuition, fees, net price of attendance, tuition plans, and statistics including sex, ability, ethnic and transfer student ratios as well as ACT/SAT scores, degrees offered, enrolled, and awarded. Institutions are also required to disclose transfer credit policies and articulation agreements. Right to financial aid information disclosures The 2008 HOEA also requires institutions of higher education provide financial aid information disclosures, which essentially advertise the financial aid program, pre eligibility disclosures pertaining to the individual student, information differentiating federally insured or subsidized and private loans, preferred lender agreements, institutional rational for the establishment of preferred lender agreements and notice that schools are required to process any loan chosen by students. Right to information about the full cost of attendance According to the 2008 HOEA, financial aid information disclosures must include the average financial aid awarded per person, cost of tuition, fees, room, board, books, supplies and transport. Right to information about the full cost of loan repayment According to the 2008 HOEA, financial aid information disclosures must include the amount of aid not requiring repayment, eligible loans, loan terms, net required repayment. Right to detailed federal student loan information Pre-eligibility disclosures must include notice of repayment, lender details, the principle amount, fees, interest rate, interest details, limits of borrowing, cumulative balance, estimated payment, frequency, repayment start date, minimum and maximum payments and details regarding deferment, forgiveness, consolidation and penalties. Right to standards terminology in financial aid forms Institutions are also required to utilize standard financial terminology and standard dissemination of financial aid information, forms, procedures, |
data security and searchable financial aid databases to ensure that students can easily understand their contractual rights and obligations. Forms must be clear, succinct, easily readable and disability accessible. Right to detailed third party federal student loan information The HOEA (2008) requires third party student loan lenders to disclose information concerning alternative federal loans, fixed and variable rates, limit adjustments, co-borrower requirements, maximum loans, rate, principle amount, interest accrual, total estimated repayment requirement, maximum monthly payment and deferral options. Right to financial aid awareness campaigns for underrepresented students in high education The HOEA (2008) requires institutions of higher education to engage in financial aid eligibility awareness campaigning to make students aware of student aid and the realities of accepting it. Right to the disclosure of athletics plans and expenditures The 2008 Higher Education Opportunity Act requires the disclosure of athletics information including male and female undergraduate enrollment, number of teams and team statistics including the number of players, team operating expenses, recruitment, coach salaries, aid to teams and athletes and team revenue (HEOA, 2008). This information is required to ensure equality standards are met. This ensures that institutions are abiding by Title IX of the 1972 Higher Education Act Amendments which limits sexual discrimination and requires institutions to offer equal sport, club and opportunities. There are many other implied information rights. If legislation states that students are entitled to certain information in pre-eligibility loan disclosures, this implies that they are also entitled to have a pre-eligibility loan disclosure. Right to information on the justification of policies Rosenberger v. Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia (1995) found student fees must be allocated in a viewpoint neutral way. They cannot be based on religious, political or personal views (Henderickson; Good v. Associated Students University of Washington) and they cannot be levied as a punishment. This suggests that students have a right to policy justification so that they know they are viewpoint neutral. Right to information regarding course objectives and content Students may expect protection from the misuse of time; teachers may not waste students' time or use the class as a captive audience for views or lessons not related to the course. Riggin v. Bd. of Trustees of Ball St. Univ. found that instructors may not "wast[e] the time of the students who have come there and paid money for a different purpose." This assumes that students are entitled to |
know course objectives and content. Right to a course syllabus Students may be graded fairly and in accordance with criteria set forth by the course syllabuses and may be protected from the addition of new grading criteria. Institutions have the responsibility of preserving quality in grade representations and comparability between classes and prevent grade inflation. This assumes that students have the right to a syllabus to ensure fair grading. Discipline and dismissal Right to protection from ability discrimination in discipline and dismissal The 1990 Americans With Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act protect students against discrimination based on ability. This includes ability discrimination in discipline and dismissal. Individuals shall be designated with a disability by a medical professional, legally recognized with a disability. Right to due process in disciplinary action Matthews v. Elderidge (1976) found when there is the possibility that one's interests will be deprived through procedural error, the value of additional safe guards and governmental interests, including monetary expenses, should be weighed. Foster v. Board of Trustees of Butler County Community College (1991) found that students are not entitled to due process rights when appealing rejected admissions applications. They are not yet students. Right to due process in disciplinary with the potential to lead to a monetary loss Due process is required when actions have the potential to resulting a property or monetary loss or loss of income or future income etc. This includes degree revocation or dismissal. Students have a property interest in remaining at the institution and have protection form undue removal. Right to due process in disciplinary with the potential for a loss of liberty Students also have a liberty right to protect themselves from defamation of character or a threat to their reputation. Federal district courts have, therefore, found that due process is required in cases involving charges of plagiarism, cheating and falsification of research data. Right to a clear notice of charges in the disciplinary process In disciplinary measures students are entitled to the provision of a definite charge. Right to a prompt notice of charges in the disciplinary process Students are entitled to a prompt notice of charges, e.g., ten days before the hearing. Right to a hearing before an expert judge In cases involving expulsion or dismissal students are entitled to right to "expert" judgment with a judge who is empowered to expel. Right to inspect all |
documents in disciplinary hearings Students may inspect documents considered by institutional officials in disciplinary hearings. Right to be a witness in disciplinary hearings Students may stand as a witness and tell their story during disciplinary hearings. Right to record disciplinary hearings Students may record disciplinary hearings to ensure they are conducted in a legal fashion. Right to unbiased ruling in disciplinary hearings Students can expect rulings in disciplinary hearings to be based solely on evidence presented at the hearing. Students are also entitled to a hearing before a person or committee not involved in the dispute. Right to a written statement of findings in disciplinary hearings Students may expect to receive a written account of findings from disciplinary hearings showing how decisions are in line with evidence. Right to fairness in disciplinary hearings Board of Curators of the University of Missouri et al. v. Horowitz (1978) found that fairness means that decisions, a) may not be arbitrary or capricious, b) must provide equal treatment with regard to sex, religion or personal appearance etc. and c) must be determined in a careful and deliberate manner. Right to hearing before discipline Hearings must be conducted before suspension or discipline unless there is a proven threat to danger, damage of property or academic disruption. Right to action in line with inquiry findings Texas Lightsey v. King (1983) determined that due process requires that the outcomes of investigation be taken seriously. A student cannot, for instance, be dismissed for cheating after a hearing has found him not guilty. Right to investigation and consideration of circumstance The American Bar Association (ABA) found that the need for a fair and just hearing also precludes the use of zero tolerance policies which ignore the circumstances surrounding an action. An individual who commits a crime because they believe they are in danger may not be held accountable in the same way as an individual who conducts the same crime for self-interest. Right to greater due process in criminal matters Students accused of criminal acts including drug possession, plagiarism, cheating and falsification of research data or fraud, may have greater due process rights. Right to cross examine in criminal matters Students accused of criminal acts may cross-examine witnesses, counsel. Right to an open trial in criminal matters Students accused of criminal acts may have an open trial to ensure that it is conducted fairly, counsel. Right to a fair |
evidentiary standard of proof in criminal matters In non-criminal hearings in the educational setting, schools may use a lesser standard evidence but where criminal matters are concerned they must have clear and convincing evidence. Right to counsel in criminal matters Students accused of criminal acts may have counsel present. This does not mean that the institution must pay for it but that they may be present. Right to a higher appeals process in criminal matters Students accused of criminal acts should have access to a higher appeals process. Right to legal representation during any formal university disciplinary procedure The Student & Administration Equality Act is proposed legislation in the North Carolina General Assembly (House Bill 843) would allow any student or student organization that is charged with a violation of conduct at a North Carolina state university the right to be represented by an attorney at any stage of the disciplinary process regarding the charge of misconduct. Campus police Right to protection from unwarranted search and seizure Students are protected from unwarranted search and seizure. The fourth and fourteenth amendments protect from search and seizure without a warrant. They enshrine the individuals right to be “secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects.” Warrants must include person, place and specific items eligible for search and or seizure. Search and seizure rights do not apply to automobiles. Right to arrest by official police officers Individuals are protected from arrest by undeputized campus police and illegal search and seizure if arrest is made. Right to protection from entrapment Students are protected from entrapment by campus police as individuals are protected outside the educational environment. Right to protection from dorm search and seizure Piazzola v. Watkins (1971) established that students are not required to waive search and seizure rights as a condition of dormitory residence. Random dorm sweeps are impermissible. Right to clearly defined terms of dorm search and seizure Institutions may enter rooms in times of emergency, if they have proof of illegal activity or a threat to the educational environment. Both these terms must be clearly stipulated in advance. Otherwise institutions must ask for permission to enter. When dorms rooms are legally searched for narrowly defined reasons or officials are legally permitted to enter student rooms, students are not protected from property damage incurred in the search process or action taken when evidence is in plain sight. Right to protection from |
illegal police search and seizure Evidence found in student dorm rooms by institutional employees cannot be used in a court of law and institutions cannot allow police to conduct a search and seizure without warrant. Students may not be punished for refusing a warrantless search from institutional authorities or police officers. When students freely allow institutional officials to enter institutions can hold students accountable for evidence in plain sight. Safety rights Right to protection from injury on campus A number of state courts have also found that institutions have a responsibility to prevent or make efforts to limit injury on campus from dangerous property and criminal conditions so long as injury is both foreseeable and preventable. Right to protection from injury in facilities under campus jurisdiction Knoll v. Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska (1999) found that institutions are responsible for ensuring the safety of facilities which are either under institutional jurisdiction or oversight. Institutions are, thus, responsible for institutionally owned dormitories and fraternities whether on campus or off campus and also for fraternities which may not be owned by the institution but are regulated by the institution. By taking on a regulatory role the institution also takes on this liability. Another state court found, that when students are not lawfully permitted to be on institutional property or in institutional buildings after hours, for instance, the institution is not responsible. Where institutions willfully take responsibility for something like a fraternity or require students to abide by their rules they also take on the liability. Right to protection from foreseeable crime on campus Students should be safe from for seeable crime especially in light of past reports of crime, if loitering or dangerous conditions have been made etc. Institutions are required to take safety precautions including the monitoring of unauthorized personnel in dormitories, taking action against unauthorized personnel when they pose a threat to safety and ensuring adequate security measures are in place. Right to protection from injury caused by other students Students deserve protection from other students over whom the institution has oversight including voluntarily assumed jurisdiction e.g.: clubs, sororities, fraternities, teams. This, for instance, includes protection from foreseeable or preventable fraternity hazing even if fraternities are not located on institutional property. The institution also has a responsibility to inform itself of safety risks existent in institutionally regulated programs (White, 2007). State courts have found that institutions are |
not responsible, however, for screening ex-convicts before admission, 1987). Constitutional rights Students have the right to constitutional freedoms and protections in higher education. Prior to the 1960s institutions of higher education did not have to respect students constitutional rights but could act as a parent in the interest of the student (Nancy Thomas, 1991). In 1960 Shelton v. Turner found "the vigilant protection of constitutional freedoms is nowhere more vital than in the community of American schools" and in 1961 Dixon v. Alabam found that students were not required to give up, as a condition of admission, their constitutional rights and protections. In 1969, Tinker v. Des Moines ruled that "students do not shed their constitutional rights... at the schoolhouse gate." Free speech and association rights Right to free speech and association rights Students retain their first amendment rights in institutions of higher education. Papish v. Board of Curators of the Univ. of Missouri (1973) and Joyner v. Whiting (1973) found students may engage in speech that do not interfere with the rights of others or of the operation of the school. Because schools are places of education they may regulate speech by time, manner and place as long as they provide free speech zones for students as long as they are not used to limit expression. The Morse v. Frederick trial was a First Amendment student free speech case argued before the Supreme Court of the United States on March 19, 2007. The case involves Joseph Frederick, a then 18-year-old high school senior in Juneau, Alaska, 24 at the time of the decision, who was suspended for 10 days after displaying a "Bong Hits 4 Jesus" banner across the street from his high school during the Winter Olympics Torch Relay in 2002. Right to free religious and unaccepted speech The first amendment protects religious, indecent speech and profane hand gestures including the middle finger. Texas v. Johnson (1989) found that “[i]f there is a bedrock principle underlying the first amendment, it is that the government may not prohibit the expression of an idea simply because society finds the idea itself offensive or disagreeable. The first amendment does not recognize exceptions for bigotry, racism, and religious intolerance or ideas or matters some may deem trivial, vulgar or profane.” Right to expression through clothing Clothing, armbands, newspaper editorials and demonstrations have all been found legal forms of free speech. Right to |