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Climate Policy Radar 20

First Paris Agreement Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to reduce emissions to 30 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030. This target is equivalent to 11 per cent below 1990 levels by 2030. The target is expressed in the NDC as an absolute reduction target to be managed using an emissions budget for the period 2021-2030.83

NZL

East Asia & Pacific

Chapter 4.2.1. Carbon footprint 4.2.ii. Economic policy 4.3.1. Transport 4.3.ii. Buildings 4.3.iii. Agriculture 4.3.iv. Forest 4.3.v. Industry 4.3.vi. Energy production 4.3.vii. Waste Indicator French people's carbon footprint Territorial greenhouse gas emissions Level of investment in favor of the climate (including sectoral distribution and between private and public players) and difference to the need identified in the macro-economic assessment Greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse effect of the transport sector in France (scope 1) Final energy consumption of the transport sector, and breakdown by energy carriers Greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector in France (scopes 1 and 2) Energy consumption of the residential and tertiary sectors, by energy carrier Greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector, distinguishing emissions of nitrous oxides (NO), methane (CH,) and carbon dioxide (CO) Cross-sectional contribution estimate of the agricultural sector Cross-cutting contribution of the forest-wood sector to mitigation (biological increase, sequestration, and substitution effect) Chronology of the forest sink Greenhouse gas emissions from the industry sector (scopes 1 and 2) Industry emission intensity (emissions per quantity of products) Energy production sector greenhouse gas emissions Share of primary energy consumption from fossil fuels Greenhouse gas emissions of the waste sector Indicator code EC IR1 EC IR2 ECO IR TIR 1 TIR 2 BIR 1 BIR 2 AIR1 AIR2 FIR1 FIR2 IIR1 IIR2 E IR1 E IR2 DIR

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism 13) NAMA Panela: Develop a central strategy for planning, management and institutional and financial articulation for low-emission development and the contribution to the sustainable development of panela production in the country. The NAMA seeks to support interventions for the transfer of alternative technology (replacement of Diesel engines by electric ones and the more efficient use of energy in the combustion of bagasse in the stoves), improve production practices (efficient use of synthetic fertilizers, reduction of burning, lower energy expenditure in tilling the soil and wastewater management), the restoration of natural systems, the development of capacities, and the validation of Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV). 14) Promotion of energy management and energy efficiency projects in the industry sector: Identification, structuring and implementation of projects on good operating practices and implementation of improvements in energy processes and use of energy sources with a lower emission factor. 15) Management for the comprehensive development of brick kilns: Promote the comprehensive development of production units for manufacturing bricks through capacity building in carbon footprint, energy management, process improvement and transfer of good operating practices, as well as promote and manage conversion processes and improvements in kilns in brickyards. 16) Management for the implementation of technologies for abatement of NO emissions in the production of fertilizer raw materials: Incorporation of abatement technologies, through the development of joint strategies for the transfer of technologies, financing mechanisms and sustainability of the reduction of emissions, and incorporation of a Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system. 17) Sustainable production processes in the cement sector: Energy efficiency management and increased co-processing to reduce the emission intensity indicator per productive unit by optimizing processes related to thermal energy, the use of materials with energy recovery, reuse of some components in the manufacture of clinker, and the use of the installed capacity of the plant to increase the level of co-processing. Technological reconversion of 1,500 mills with 800 hectares of restoration as compensation for historical deforestation. Up to 15% in the reduction of energy and/or emissions in industrial production, in the corresponding module of energy demand (1 A 2). Increase in energy efficiency with a compound annual growth of 1.5% by 2030 Reduction of the nitrous

COL

Latin America & Caribbean

Mitigation Actions and Their Effects Progress Towards the 2030 Target As discussed in previous chapters, the United States has made continual progress in implementing policies and measures that have led to emissions reductions. This progress is reflected in the achievement of our 2020 target. A key portion of this mitigation progress can be attributed to, in part, by market transformations and energy use changes driven by both federal and nonfederal policy and measures, primarily across the electricity and transportation sectors. The policies and measure put in place since our 2020 goal was established helped modify long-term trends by accelerating the deployment of clean infrastructure, avoiding the lock-in of fossil fuel infrastructure, speeding the turnover of fossil fuel vehicle and appliance stock, influencing land use decisions and agricultural production practices, and shifting investment and behaviors toward a clean energy, low emissions future.

USA

North America

In order to estimate CO₂ removals/emissions from the 4B2 "Land Converted to Cropland" category there were calculated carbon stock in biomass (losses and increments) due to the conversion of land from natural conditions and other uses to cropland, including deforestation, conversion of pasture and grazing lands as well as perennial plantations to cropland etc. At the same time, estimates for this category also included N₂O emissions resulting from conversion of grassland to cropland. Table 6-37: Stubble Fields Burning in the Republic of Moldova within 1990-2016 periods Source: Ministry of Ecology Construction and Territorial Development/National Irwitute of Ecology (2003), State of the Environment Report of the Republic of Moldova in 2002 (National Report). Chis- nau, Modul Arabart, 2003, 144 p. (page 60, Figund.19, information covering the period 1995-2002 State Ecological Inspectorate (2014), 5 Yearbook-2003 "Environment Protection in the Republic of Moldo State Ecological Inspectorate, editorial board: V. Curari et al-Ch Pastas, 2014 (Publishing house "apred)-300 p. (page 107, Figure 5, data reganding 2000-2013 SI Yearbook-10134 Errent Protection in the Republic of Moldova" State Ecological Inspectorate, editorial board V. Sangad, sdh dpov-China Post, 2015, Publishing house "Europees", 335 p. (page 79, Figure 4 data regarding 2000-2014 time series); Yearbook-2015 Protection in the Republic of Moldova") Ministry of Environment, SII; editorial board: Igor Tama let al.); coord: Dumitru Dupor Chisinau: Punios, 2016 Publishing House "Busspres", 3468 p. (page 87, Figure 4. data neganding 2000-2015.

MDA

Europe & Central Asia

Presidential Decree. <<Enforcement Date: Undesignated; limited to special rescue task forces>> Article 15 (Authority, etc. of Head of Central Countermeasure Headquarters) (1) The head of the Central Countermeasure Headquarters may request the heads of related disaster control agencies to take administrative and financial measures, to dispatch staff members under his/her command, and to render any other necessary support for the efficient management of large-scale disasters. In such cases, the heads of relevant disaster control agencies in receipt of such request shall comply therewith except in extenuating circumstances. <Amended by Act No. 11994, Aug. 6, 2013>

KOR

East Asia & Pacific

Title of the mitigation measure, planning phase, in operation] In planning for the implementation life LETL sub-sector Energy/ electricity Min. 20 years [national, regional, city] Program for the installation of photovoltaic power plants in logistics sites: 16.5 MWC from 2020 to 2030 Objective of the mitigation measure This is the project for the construction of photovoltaic solar power plants, d an annual unit capacity of 1,500 kWp on the roofs of logistics sites between 2020 and 2030. These power plants will participate in the implementation of the national energy strategy which aims to increase, by 2030, the share of renewable energies in order to reach 52% of the country&#39;s total electricity generation capacity. The project will: National (Million MAD). reduce the energy dependence of logistics sites; take advantage of the sunshine potential of logistics sites; reduce greenhouse gas emissions: the power plants will prevent the emission of approximately 13,000 tonnes of CO per year. Activities planned under the mitigation measure (T CO/year) 330 13,000. Integrated development of a renewable energy installation to the highest international standards. Contribution to the emergence of national expertise in the field of renewable energies. Incentive for the territorial development of the area of implantation according to a sustainable model involving the economic, the human and the environmental. Assumptions adopted The forecast value of the average annual production is based on the accumulation of all the losses generated by factors internal and external to the installation, it is situated at 60% of the initial nominal producible of the plant.

MAR

Middle East & North Africa

In December 2009, the European Council reiterated the conditional offer of the EU to move to a 30 % reduction by 2020 con respective capabilities. comparable emission reductions and that developing countries contribute adequately according to their responsibilities and r to 1990 levels as part of a global and comprehensive agreement for the period beyond 2012, provided that other developed countries commit themselves to Under the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (2013-2020) the EU has a collective target to reduce its emissions by 20% relative to base year (1990) levels over the period. The burden sharing agreement, set out for the Doha Amendment, translates efforts agreed under the EU 2020 Climate and Energy Package into the second commitment period of the KP. The Doha Amendment of the Kyoto Protocol has not entered into force and Assigned Amount Units (AAUS) not distributed, however the expected AAUS for the UK have been calculated as indicated in this report. The calculation of the UK's Assigned Amount is set out in UK's Initial Report for the second commitment period, and results in an Assigned Amount of 2,744,937,332 assigned amount units (AAUS) over the commitment period, where one AAU is equivalent to one tCO;eq.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

-Town planning code III.-The Government submits to Parliament, no later than three years after the date of publication of this law, a report evaluating the progress of the power of electricity production facilities using the mechanical energy of the wind, in order to verify that the objectives of the multi-annual electricity production investment program have been successfully achieved by installing at least 500 generators per year. IX.- The provisions of a local urban plan or an urban planning document in lieu relating to classified installations, approved before the date of entry into force of this law, are not applicable to installations of production of electricity using the mechanical energy of the wind. XI.- For wind projects whose characteristics make them subject to town planning authorisations, the municipalities and inter-municipal cooperation establishments bordering the perimeter of these projects are consulted for their opinion within the framework of the procedure for examining the application for relevant town planning. NOTE: In accordance with Article 15 of Ordinance No. 2017-80 of January 26, 2017, these provisions come into force on March 1, 2017 subject to the provisions cited in said article. Section 91 Amended the following provisions:

FRA

Europe & Central Asia

Powering Up Britain - Energy Security Plan Support for households and businesses Preparing for next winter and beyond

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

23. For example, to provide strategic guidance to Ofgem on the government's energy policy, the Energy White Paper committed the government to consulting on an energy sector strategy and policy statement (SPS) for Ofgem during 2021. The SPS will set out the strategic priorities and policy outcomes of the government's energy policy, with net zero as the driving theme. This will impose a legal obligation on Ofgem to have regard to the strategic priorities and policy outcomes when exercising its regulatory functions. To provide clear legal accountability, Ofgem will be required to report on how it intends to implement the SPS at the outset, and then report annually on its performance and its plans for the coming year. 24. The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) is reviewing how the UK can better use the tools available under competition and consumer law to achieve net zero and our sustainability goals. The CMA will provide this advice in early 2022. This follows recent CMA work on misleading environmental claims, its market study into electric vehicles and its publication of information to businesses on sustainability agreements. 25. The National Infrastructure Strategy committed to taking a long-term approach to investment for the benefit of both investors and consumers, responding to the findings of the National Infrastructure Commission's report on the future of economic regulation in key infrastructure. The government also committed to publishing an overarching policy paper in 2021. The policy paper will set out next steps on key issues including: the consideration of duties in the round to ensure they reflect new challenges such as

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

PART I PUTTING THE CLIMATE CRISIS AT THE CENTER OF UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY Section 101. Policy. United States international engagement to address climate change which has become a climate crisis is more necessary and urgent than ever. The scientific community has made clear that the scale and speed of necessary action is greater than previously believed. There is little time left to avoid setting the world on a dangerous, potentially catastrophic, climate trajectory. Responding to the climate crisis will require both significant short-term global reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and net-zero global emissions by mid-century or before. It is the policy of my Administration that climate considerations shall be an essential element of United States foreign policy and national security. The United States will work with other countries and partners, both bilaterally and multilaterally, to put the world on a sustainable climate pathway. The United States will also move quickly to build resilience, both at home and abroad, against the impacts of climate change that are already manifest and will continue to intensify according to current trajectories.

USA

North America

Through the NEP we hope to lay the foundation for the creation of an enabling environment to attract private sector capital to the energy sector, to restructure and reform energy institutions, to decentralize energy service administration, to fully utilize domestic energy resources and, most importantly, to ensure that all parts of Liberia have access to affordable and modem energy services. The bedrock of this NEP is our national experience, the ECOWAS Energy Protocol and the collective global efforts to combat climate change events. As our contribution to ongoing global initiatives to mitigate where possible and to adapt where necessary the adverse impact of climate change due to emission of greenhouse gases, we are making a policy declaration in this NEP to drive Liberia towards a carbon neutral economy by 2050. The challenges to achieve these objectives are nevertheless enormous, but it is the intention of the Government to use the NEP as the strategic blueprint for the implementation of its energy development programs.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

ance with subsection (1), especially with regard to possible restrictions on the extent or the content of ob- ligations pertaining to records. This shall especially include consideration of documents reviewed by the environmental auditor and prepared as part of participation in the Community Eco-Management and Audit

DEU

Europe & Central Asia

It is considered that the fact that there is a large concentration of demands for feasibility of electricity generation projects from renewable sources, applications for exploitation of the use of national waters, supervision and control) in a few

HND

Latin America & Caribbean

needs to be developed at an international level to be effective. The UK Government has already put a discussion paper to the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) on emissions trading and the possibilities of extending it to the shipping sector. We will continue to work with the IMO and other relevant international organisations to progress discussions on options for incentivising carbon emissions reductions in the shipping sector. We will also work within the EU Framework Programme and domestically to examine the case for additional R,D&D into technologies for lower carbon shipping. Key conclusions and next steps Our strategy for stimulating new lower carbon transport technologies has highlighted the important role that Government can play at all stages of the innovation cycle from basic research through to product commercialisation. Consistent with the conclusions of the recent Stern Review, we are adopting an approach which combines the use of carbon pricing mechanisms and supporting regulation in the transport sector with additional Government support for research, development and demonstration projects (R,D&D). In particular we are significantly expanding our support for low carbon R,D&D through the creation of the Energy Technologies Institute, a new Innovation Platform for UK automotive R&D and a new programme of support for public procurement of lower carbon vehicles. At a European level support for relevant R,D&D is also being increased through Framework Programme 7 and we will work to ensure that UK companies and academic groups are active participants in international collaborative projects in these areas.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

• the scarcity of service delivery contracts between most meteorological and hydrological services and telecommunications service providers; the weakness of basic infrastructure: electricity, telecommunications, means of transport; • the functional limits of the Communicator of meteorological messages (AMS 1500 currently in operation at the CRT in Brazzaville). It does not allow the processing of processed products, nor to ensure the imminent migration from alphanumeric code to binary code (BUFR, CREX, etc.);

COG

Sub-Saharan Africa

Programmes of measures To ensure that the 2030 targets are achieved, in 2018 the Climate Action Plan 2050 will be underpinned with a programme of measures having quantifiable effects on reductions. The environmental, social and economic impacts of each programme of measures will be assessed. This means that the update of the Climate Action Plan will be followed by a revision of each applicable programme of measures. The latter will underpin each upcoming reduction step and mile- stone with specific measures, where possible quantified in terms of their impact on emissions reduction. The programmes of measures will be developed in consult- ation with the Bundestag (lower house of parliament).

DEU

Europe & Central Asia

Non-conventional Renewable Energy(NRE) Based Electricity in the Grid NRE Resources include small-scale hydropower, biomass including dendro power, biogas and waste, solar power and wind power. These are the leading sustainable, non-conventional forms of renewable energy promoted in Sri Lanka for electricity generation into the grid. In addition, other NRE resources such as wave energy and ocean thermal energy are also encouraged where appropriate. Commercial development of biomass will be encouraged and facilitated as a new rural industry, allowing rural poor to engage in fuelwool farming and participate in the mainstream economic activity by supplying electricity to urban load centres. The Government will endeavour to reach a minimum level of 10% of electrical energy supplied to the grid to be from NRE by a process of facilitation including access to green funding such as CDM. The target year to reach this level of NRE penetration is 2015. A review of technical limits and financial constraints of absorbing NRE will be carried out an will be followed by a technical and financial barrier removal exercise, with external support and expertise where necessary. The NRE strategy shall not cause any additional burden on the end use customer tariffs. If justified, the Government may subsidize the energy utilities for this purpose. The Government recognises that certain NRE technologies would require incentives to ensure their capacity build-up to contribute to the national NRE target. These incentives shall be provided on a competitive basis, in which the NRE developlers shall bid for a share of the NRE target subject to a price ceiling. NRE incentives shall be technology-specific and based on actual energy supplied to the grid. To make available the incentives for NRE technologies, the Government will create an 'Energy Fund', which will be managed by the ECF. This fund will be strengthened through an energy cess, grants received from donors and well wishers, as well as any funds received under CDM. This fund will be used to provide incentives for the promotion of NRE technologies and strengthen the transmission network to absorb the NRE technologies into the grid. NRE developments will not be charged any resource cost(royalty) for a period of 15 years from the commercial operation date. Resource costs charges from selected NRE technologies after the 15th year of commercial operation shall be used to

LKA

South Asia

During the negotiations with the European Union in 2001, Hungary undertook to at least double the proportion of produced renewable energy in its total energy consumption from 3.6 percent by 2010, and to raise the proportion of electricity consumption from 1 percent to at least 3.6 percent. The country already met this ratio - which is one of the most modest commitments in the entire EU - in 2005, and the share of green energy in electricity and total energy production already exceeded 5 percent in 2005, but at the same time this was largely accounted for by forest trees. we achieved it by burning it in low-efficiency thermal power plants, which cannot be a long-term solution. According to the Renewable Energy Strategy of Hungary prepared by the government in parallel with NS, by 2020 the weight of alternative energy production within the total energy consumption will be a maximum of 16 percent, and that of green energy within the electricity consumption will be a maximum of 18 percent.

HUN

Europe & Central Asia

• Reduce by 50% the number of vulnerable municipalities (319) and reach 160 municipalities. • Achieve a zero rate of deforestation by 2030. • Capacity development

MEX

Latin America & Caribbean

Yunnan, and eastern Guangxi has increased significantly, the risks of forest fire and with the greatest increase in forage productivity occurring in southwestern Inner Mongolia and southeastern Gansu. There have been varying impacts on

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

1. Quantified information on the baseline (including, as appropriate, a base year, target year, ambition AND transparency on targets, other) a. Reference year(s), base year(s). reference period(s) or other starting point(s). Component 1. Information on Mitigation Understand the entire process on the comparability of the NDC-2015 and the NDC-RD 2020, in terms of aspects of reference to improvement, updating, goal, ambition, transparency with respect to the base year levels. The year 2010 is taken as a reference to establish the commitments in the NDC-RD 2020 as established in 01-12 of the National Development Strategy (END). A BAU (business as usual) scenario of 51,000 GgCO projected to 2030 is considered, reflected in the P Economic Development Compatible with Climate Change (DECCC-2011). The Dominican Republic has carried out a process to improve and update the NDC-RD 2020 and has expressed its will to clarify GHG targets at relative levels, as well as Non-GHG targets framed in terms of technological objectives or types of mitigation options, with objectives Identified numerical and ben collaterals for mitigation of adaptation actions or plans. Incorporation of enabling frameworks in the p and economic diversification measures, for sectors with mitigation potential, increasing their am that seeks to achieve a 27% reduction in emissions compared to the business as 2030 scenario (BAU or business as 2030 with conditioned and unconditional objectives. b. Quantifiable information on the The country has a clear objective of the year in which its emissions should not grow more and begins a process of reducing the intensity of emissions with the planned actions reference indicators, their values in the year(s) reference (s), base year (s), reference period (s) or other starting point (s) and, as appropriate, according to the calculations made in the fourth National Inventory of Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse (INGEI) of the country in the target year, base year 2010 and an update of the inventory for the period 2010-2015 in the first Bie Update Report (fBUR) taking 2015 as the last inventory year published (UNFCCC-2020), emissions

DOM

Latin America & Caribbean

Full employment according to demographic area, ethnic condition and gender (2007-2012) Note: Measurements to December of each year. Source: INEC, 2012 Prepared by Senplades. Another indicator that denotes both the employability opportunities of workers and their level of productivity is that referring to job training. Table 6.9.2. shows the evolution of the percentage of people. Employed women receiving on-the-job training. Although it is true that the level of workers in the country who receive training is low, the value has grown in the last six years from 10.61% in 2007 to 14.47% in 2012. The latter denotes a need to strengthen these policies not only in order to increase the degree of employability of workers, but as a fundamental axis of a strategy to increase their productivity.

ECU

Latin America & Caribbean

Article 2.- Period of validity of the Program The National Program will have a validity of 10 years, counted from the approval of this regulation. Article 3.- About the Objective of the Program The objective of the National Program is to conserve 54 million hectares of tropical forests as a contribution to the mitigation of climate change and sustainable development. The specific objectives are as follows: - Identify and map areas for forest conservation. - Promote the development of sustainable production systems based on forests, for the generation of income in favor of the poorest local populations. - Strengthen capacities for forest conservation of regional and local governments, members of peasant and native communities, among others.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

The Climate Change Chief Executives Board (the Board) is responsible to the Prime Minister and is made up of the chief executives of New Zealand government agencies with key roles in mitigating and/or adapting to climate change. The Board has been formalised as an interdepartmental executive board under the Public Service Act 2020. 41 For more information on the role of local government bodies, see www.lgnz.co.nz. 2: National circumstances

NZL

East Asia & Pacific

programming Presentation of the PNRCC to the Executive Power Institutional and Budget Pre-design 2010-2011 Annual Operating Plan for Execution 2010-2011 Five-Year Budget 2010-2015 for execution of the Medium-Term Plan - December 2009 - February 2010 - March 2010 June 2010

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

Sustainable Buildings Energy efficiency to become one of the main criteria in the design of public and in rental of private buildings. Carry out a phased plan for retrofitting existing state-owned public buildings, in a phased manner, to bring their energy performance up to best practice standards. Introduce a new Building Control Act to improve building design and choice of building plant and equipment to attain high efficiency in term of energy use. Address issues of sustainable building designs and low energy consumption in specific Planning Policy Guidelines. Introduce best working practices and engineering based solutions to address public sector energy efficiency. Launch appropriate campaigns with the objective of changing behaviour at work and promoting practices aimed at rationalization of energy use in all big buildings. Provide necessary technical support and guidance for the implementation of energy saving measures in all Ministries and parastatals. Installation of solar water heaters in Government buildings and promote efficient use of energy in the health sector. Reduce energy consumption of public sector to half the current level by the year 2015 and to pursue efforts up to 2025. Energy Efficiency In The Tourism Industry

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19 Electricity production Electricity production Electricity production Electricity production Electricity production Electricity production Electricity production Transmission and distribution Oil &amp; Gas Transport INC INC INC COND COND INC Increase the installed capacity of large hydropower plants COND INC COND Increase the installed capacity of photovoltaic solar power plants INC Increase the installed capacity of biomass power plants Increase the installed capacity of small hydroelectric power plants Increase the ambition of photovoltaic solar energy Increase the Biomass energy ambition Prioritize renewable energies in plant scheduling rules Reduce transmission and distribution losses Reduce fugitive methane emissions from oil and gas production, processing and distribution. Increase the percentage of electric vehicles in the vehicle fleet Add solar power generation capacity of 490 MW by 2030 Add biomass power generation capacity of 311 MW by 2030 Add small 29 MW of hydropower by 2030 Add 662 MW of small hydro generation capacity by 2030 Add additional solar power generation capacity of 410 MW for a total of 900 by 2030 Add additional capacity of biomass energy production of 100 MW for a total of 411 MW by 2030 Reduce transmission and distribution losses by 1% per year between 2020 and 2030 Reduce fugitive methare emissions by 50% by 2030 from oil and gas. Power Generation and Transmission Master Plan (Baseline Scenario) GIZ Energy Sector Report Power Generation and Transmission Master Plan (Baseline Scenario) GIZ Energy Sector Report Power Generation and Transmission Master Plan (Baseline Scenario) Energy Sector Report GIZ Electricity Generation and Transmission Master Plan (Baseline scenario) Energy sector report GIZ Electricity Generation and Transmission Master Plan (Baseline scenario) Energy sector report GIZ Tractebel 2018 ECOWAS WAPP Energy sector report GIZ 29 Energy sector report GIZ Sector report Energy GIZ High Level Consultation Ministry of Energy National action plan SLCP 10% of the car fleet is electric Sector report Energy GIZ by 2030 GHG Unconditional GHG, SLCP, other Unconditional pollutants GHG, SLCP, other pollutant Unconditional GHG, SLCP, other Unconditional pollutants GHG, SCLP, other pollutants GHG, SLCP Conditional Conditional Conditional Uncond

CIV

Sub-Saharan Africa

The Government will continue the current approach of maintaining a public transport system with railway as the backbone, and promote cycling for short-distance commuting and enhance walkability. The Government will also adopt different new technologies as well as traffic management measures, such as the Free-flow Tolling System and "congestion charging" with a view to charging different toll levels according to the traffic condition of the tunnels and the control area at different times. The Government commenced a traffic survey in September 2021 to collect the latest data, and aim to draw up preliminary proposals for "conges- tion charging" in 2022. The Government will develop adequate waste-to-energy facilities, and press ahead with the promotion of waste reduction, separation and recycling with a view to moving away from reliance on landfills for municipal waste disposal. This will significantly reduce the carbon emissions from landfills, contributing to achieving the target of carbon neutrality in waste management before 2050. The Government will implement MSW charging as well as other waste reduction and recycling initiatives, including expanding and enhancing the central collection and the community recycling network for food waste, waste plastics and waste paper to encourage different sectors and members of the public to practise waste reduction and recovery. Our medium-term target is to gradually reduce the per capita MSW disposal by 40% to 45% and raise the recovery rate to about 55%.

HKG

East Asia & Pacific

CERS ERUS AAUS Carry-over units Other mechanism units under the Convention (specify) Any other information: Possible scale of contributions of other market-based mechanisms the required reduction below 2005 levels. In the sectors not covered by the ETS, annual use shall not exceed to 3% of each Member States' non-ETS greenhouse gas emissions in 2005. A limited number of Member States may use an additional 1 %, from projects in LDCs or SIDS subject to conditions. The use of these units under the ETS Directive and the Effort Sharing Decision is subject to the limits specified above which do not separate between CERS and ERUS, but include additional criteria for the use of CERS. The use of these units under the ETS Directive and the Effort Sharing Decision is subject to the limits specified above which do not separate between CERS and ERUS, but include additional criteria for the use of CERS. AAUS for the period 2013-2020 have not yet been determined. The EU and its Members States expect to achieve its 20 % target for the period 2013-2020 with the implementation of the ETS Directive and the ESD Decision in the non-ETS sectors which do not allow the use of AAUS from non-EU Parties. The time-period of the Convention target is from 1990-2020, no carry-over units will be used to achieve the 2020 target. There are general provisions in place in the EU legislation that allow for the use of such units provided that the necessary legal arrangements for the creation of such units have been put in place in the EU which is not the case at the point in time of the provision of this report. In December 2009, the European Council reiterated the conditional offer of the EU to move to a 30 % reduction by 2020 compared to 1990 levels as part of a global and comprehensive agreement for the period beyond 2012, provided that other developed countries commit themselves to comparable emission reductions and that developing countries contribute adequately according to their responsibilities and respective capabilities. None TIDubium You ADECREELr

PRT

Europe & Central Asia

In 2010, the EU submitted a pledge to reduce its GHG emissions by 2020 by 20% compared to 1990 levels in order to contribute to achieving the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC: to stabilise GHG concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic (humaninduced) interference with the climate system, or, in other words, to limit the global temperature increase to less than 2C compared to temperature levels before industrialization (FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1). The EU had also committed to raising this target to a 30% emission reduction by 2020 compared with 1990 levels, provided that other developed countries also commit to achieving comparable emission reductions, and that developing countries contribute adequately, according to their responsibilities and respective capabilities. This offer was reiterated in the submission to the UNFCCC by the EU-28 and Iceland on 30 April 2014.

SVK

Europe & Central Asia

Among all the reasons for stabilizing forest cover at high levels, the fact that forests - latu sensu - are carbon reservoirs or sinks, whose stock in vegetation and soil occurs through the removal of CO from the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis. Thus, in addition to the measures announced in the previous specific objective, aimed at significantly reducing deforestation, reforestation activities will be encouraged. The aim is to double the area of planted forests in Brazil from the current 5.5 million ha to 11 million ha in 2020, with 2 million ha with native species, promoting planting primarily in areas of degraded pastures, aiming at economic recovery. and environmental of these. The positive impact of this specific objective can be measured as soon as the inventory of carbon stocks within the scope of the forest inventory is completed. The annual area of planted forests has already grown from 320 thousand hectares in 2002 to 640 thousand in 2007 (including replanting) with an increase in the participation of small producers from 7% to 25% in the same period. But to achieve the specific objective

BRA

Latin America & Caribbean

The wide-spread application of available clean and innovative waste management technologies (e.g. digitalization, membrane technology, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, plasma technology and modern material technology) as well as establishing and operating environmental management systems is a significant progress. These solutions can expand and make waste management options more efficient in the case of waste recovery, disposal and prevention. Agriculture and forestry must also play a serious role in tackling climate challenges. There are available innovative wastewater treatment solutions for recycling nutrients into the natural cycle as well as for the disposal of sewage sludge on agricultural lands and energy utilization. Exploiting and further improving these technologies are of key importance.

HUN

Europe & Central Asia

A CCUS operational in two clusters (Mid-2020s) B Four low carbon clusters (2030) C Industrial emissions reduced by two thirds (2035) CShare of low carbon fuels increases to around half of total industrial energy consumption (2035) D First net zero cluster (2040) Icon denotes milestones which require developments in innovation (Chapter 6) Figure 4.1: Overview of technology strategy for the next three decades

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

based on the achievement of results, within a period not exceeding five (5) years; and within a period not exceeding ten (10) years, all the institutions of the Executive Power. 6. Executive. The democratic regulations of the political system, especially in relation to party and electoral systems, will be approved and consolidated within a period not exceeding three (3) years. 7. All the municipalities of the country will have municipal development plans, will prepare and execute their participatory budgets, within a period not exceeding five (5) years. 8. The Central Government will transfer to the municipalities the municipal taxes, powers and responsibilities that are considered pertinent within the framework of the Constitution and the laws, within a period not exceeding seven (7) years. 9. The legal and institutional framework in migratory matters will be reorganized and modernized, in order to strengthen the system of management and control of migratory flows, in accordance with the best international practices and respect for the rights of the immigrant population, in a term not exceeding two (2) years. 10. The processes of reform and adaptation of the Civil and Penal codes will be completed, in a period not exceeding three (3) years. Article 30. Reforms Associated with the Second Axis.- The reforms associated with the Second Strategic Axis that the Public Sector must implement are the following:

DOM

Latin America & Caribbean

The National Climate Adaptation Strategy 2016 is the precursor to a Climate Adaptation Implementation Programme which is being developed at the moment. Its goal is mainstreaming climate adaptation in all policies, in all policy implementation and in all relevant activities of civil society, citizens and companies. Projects already confirmed in the NAS are also included, such as a study to determine the current status of government buildings and sites, the organisation of a dialogue on the insurability of climate risks, and the production of a climate adaptation guide to accompany the Multi-Year Programme for Infrastructure, Spatial Planning and Transport (MIRT). The following subsections summarise how the most affected policy sectors deal with components, we discuss the international cooperation in preparing for adaptation.

NLD

Europe & Central Asia

and the middle route in Phase I of the South-North Water Diversion Project, improving its capability of northern China area to cope with the adverse effects of climate change. For key areas such as coastal provinces, vulnerability assessment, sea-level change impact investigation, and coastal erosion monitoring and evaluation have been conducted, and coastal shelterbelts and wave-proof projects have been carried out to enhance the resilience of coastal zones and coastal ecosystems to climate disasters.² change. In 2016, the Comprehensive Work Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission neutrality, so as to provide strong support for achieving CO2 emission peak and carbon

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

POLICY: PROMOTE FURTHER USE OF MARKET-BASED INSTRUMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY Economic instruments will be developed on the basis of the following principles: • Instruments must be stable and predictable, giving certainty to investors and the right and consistent message to the market. Any assistance should have clear sunset mechanisms, so that it is phased out

MLT

Europe & Central Asia

N 17. 18. 19. Project Ideas Stabilization of the supply of electrical energy in Kinshasa by hydroelectricity as an alternative to wood energy Promotion of the use of energy-saving and high-efficiency lamps Promotion of plantations of production of biofuel (palm tree with objectives Reduce the use of wood energy Improve the quality of and access to hydroelectricity in the city of Kinshasa Encourage the use of energy-efficient lamps Reduce the consumption of electrical energy Description summary a major handicap for the proper development of the energy sector and places our country in a bad situation. Hence the government must conduct a study and develop a national energy policy which sets the general guidelines for access to energy for all by laws and legal texts Promote the production and use of biofuel instead of diesel and Where the country will continue to depend on wood energy, firewood and fossil fuels for the satisfaction of their domestic needs, which will cause GHG emissions to grow continuously The implementation of policies, laws and legal texts will allow the use of energy efficiency by removing barriers for investment with a view to private sector participation and the population in the broad sense: in The city province of KINSHASA has an area of 99.65 km with a Medium term population estimated at 8,000,000 inhabitants. It is the main consumer of electrical energy supplied by the hydroelectric dams of Bas Congo (INGA and ZONGO). But the dilapidated state of the distribution network and the strong demand from households and businesses lead to the supply of insufficient and poor quality electricity, increasing business costs. This situation has led many households to resort to alternative measures, in particular wood energy for cooking food, and even in the productive sector. The stabilization of the supply of hydroelectric energy seems necessary to remedy this situation. Deadline Most of the provinces of the DR Congo are confronted with the thorny Short term problem of energy deficit. This fact is linked in particular to the low water level of the Congo River, which causes the loss of megawatts for normal electricity consumption for the benefit of the populations of certain provinces of the country. In addition, countless Congolese households use incandescent lamps which release heat into the home and consume a large amount of energy, with low efficiency. In order to overcome this situation, it is important to manage electricity rationally by using compact, so-called economical fluorescent lamps instead of incandescent lamps

COD

Sub-Saharan Africa

terion of the 21st century. In this regard, Turkey's main policies and measures focus on sectors such as energy, industry, transportation, agriculture, waste and forestry. In a world that is technologically and economically developed, new economy and development concepts which are environment-friendly are developed. In this respect, minimizing the pressure on the nature and on use of natural resources, keeping energy and water use at minimum levels throughout the productionconsumption chain and supporting the energy market through incen- tives on the use of new and environment-friendly sources of energy is the basis of the new development model for Turkey Additionally, there are other things that we can do for competition and development. They are, hybrid cars, low fuel consuming and low emitting technologies, eco-buildings and eco-towns, and protection and improvement of forests; preparing a new administration structure that stands on transparency, accountability and participation; orient- ing subsidies and financial arrangements on eco-friendly research and develop- ment efforts and technologies have key roles in the environment of develop- ment. A natural outcome is the need to integrate national and/or sectoral develop- ment strategies and climate change policies into institutional structures and legislation.

TUR

Europe & Central Asia

Iceland's 7th National Communication and 3rd Biennial Report Iceland shall reduce greenhouse gas emission of 40% before 2030 Iceland is to be carbon neutral no later than 2040 New Acton plan will be published with defined and financed projects Climate committee will be established

ISL

Europe & Central Asia

Support up to 54,000 jobs in 2030 in industry Deliver four carbon capture usage and storage (CCUS) clusters, capturing 20-30 MtCO2 across the economy, including 6 MtCO of industrial emissions, per year by 2030 We will decarbonise industry in line with our net zero goals whilst simultaneously transforming our industrial heartlands by attracting inward investment, future-proofing businesses, and securing high wage, high skill jobs. We will do this by supporting industry to switch to cleaner fuels; helping them improve their resource and energy efficiency, and through fair carbon pricing to drive deep decarbonisation of industry. Growing new industries in low carbon hydrogen alongside

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Since 2012, the GHG inventories unit, located within the Climate Change Office (OCC) of the Ministry of Environment (MMA) has designed, implemented and maintained the National System of Greenhouse Gas Inventories of Chile (SNICHILE). This system contains the institutional, legal and procedural arrangements established for the biennial update of Chile's NGHGI, thus ensuring sustainability in the preparation of GHG inventories in the country, the consistency of the GHG notified flows and the quality of the results. The SNICHILE is composed of teams from the Ministry of Energy. Ministry of Agriculture and MMA. The preparation of the current NGHGI began during the first semester of 2019 and ended halfway through 2020. at COP25 in Madrid, committing 2/3 of the world's countries (121 countries plus the EU), 12 regions, 389 cities, 789 companies and 14 financial institutions with more than 4 trillion USD in committed financial assets to Carbon Neutrality. During 2020 the Alliance continues under the leadership of Chile, the UNFCCC and the UNDP, strengthened by new countries that commit to Carbon Neutrality and with the incorporation of new Chile's NGHGI was prepared in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, and it encompasses the entire national territory. It includes emissions and removals of carbon dioxide (CO₂, and methane (CH₂), nitrous oxide (N₂O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC, perfluorocarbons (PFC) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF) over the period from 1990 to 2018.

CHL

Latin America & Caribbean

Measures in the field are as follows: .. Devising a path to reach a 15% share of renewable energy sources in the sustainable use of final energy, broken down into individual energy types, namely: electricity, heat, cold and renewable energy in transport;. Retaining the obligation to gradually increase the share of bio-components in transport fuels so as to meet the planned objectives;. Retaining support mechanisms for producers of electricity from renewable sources, e.g. by means of a system of certificates of origin; Introducing additional support instruments encouraging more extensive production of heat and cold from renewable energy sources; Implementing the directions of building agricultural biogas plants, on the assumption that at least one biogas plant is set up in each commune by 2020;. Creating conditions to facilitate making investment decisions on building off-shore wind farms;. Retaining the principle of exempting energy from renewable sources from excise tax; Direct support to building new renewable energy generation units and power grids that could be connected with the use of European funds and environmental protection funds, including funds gathered in the form of the substitute fee and fines; Stimulating the development of the Polish industry's which manufactures machinery for the renewable energy sector, also with the use of European funds;. Supporting the development of technologies and building installations to obtain renewable energy from waste comprised of biodegradable materials (e.g. municipal waste with biodegradable fractions); Evaluation of plausibility of using the existing damming structures owned by the State Treasury to generate power by way of taking their inventory, establishing their framework environmental impact, and devising the rules of making them available. Apart from the above measures, the implementation of the Long-term Programme for Promotion of Biofuels or Other Renewable Fuels in Transport for the years 2008-2014, adopted by the Council of Ministers on 24 July 2007, will be continued.

POL

Europe & Central Asia

The key goal we strive for is improving energy efficiency. The main indicator of this is the energy intensity of GDP. If the goals of reducing energy intensity twice by 2020 are achieved, this national indicator is expected to converge with the Community average, which will reflect in multilateral As a result of improving the efficiency of the energy sector and the introduction of direct use of natural gas and RES in the household, the ratio between final and total energy consumption reaches 58%. This means that the same energy needs of end users in 2020 will require 17% less primary energy resources compared to 2005, respectively 12% less compared to the Baseline scenario. The increase in the use of natural gas in households has a positive energy-saving and ecological effect, but it has a negative impact on the dependence on imported energy resources. By providing access to natural gas to 30% of households by 2020, natural gas imports will increase, resulting in increased dependence on oil and natural gas imports from 36.7% under the Baseline scenario (without gasification) and up to 48% at On this basis, two-year monitoring reports will be developed, including an analysis of the implementation of the set goals and priorities, proposals for changes in the existing mechanisms and legislative environment with a view to correcting negative trends in the implementation of the strategy and updating the estimated energy balance with horizons 10 and 20 years ahead.

BGR

Europe & Central Asia

Transport for Canberra establishes the framework for Canberra's transport planning to 2030 to achieve mode share targets and to reduce transport emissions. This is being updated in 2019. • Transitioning the ACT Government fleet to zero emission vehicles (at least 50 per cent of all newly leased ACT Government fleet passenger vehicles will be zero emission vehicles by 2019-20 and all newly leased ACT Government passenger vehicles will be zero emission vehicles from 2020-21 (where fit for purpose). The ACT Government has already installed 46 charging stations for Government fleet vehicles, has 31 zero emissions vehicles in our fleet and this will increase to over 80 by mid-2020. In addition we will have 20 hydrogen vehicles join the fleet in 2020. • Requiring all new multi-unit and mixed use developments to install electric vehicle charging infrastructure.

AUS

East Asia & Pacific

National Inventory Report 2000-2017 12 Energy sector (both fuel combustion and fugitive emissions) with revised national energy balance tables IPPU - no recalculation, but first-time reporting of HFC inventory

PNG

East Asia & Pacific

gas rather than coal or nuclear in new power generation facilities; (3) early closure of coal power plants that have been in operation for over 30 years by 2022; (4) recovering unused thermal energy from power generation and industry and utilizing it as a new energy source; and (5) using the renewable portfolio standard, which mandates that power generation entities with capacity above 500 MW supply a certain proportion of electricity generation from new and renewable energy or purchase corresponding renewable energy certificates. All the actions were reported as ongoing. Under the renewable portfolio standard, the share of new and renewable energy in 2019 was 6.4 per cent of the total power generation, which was 0.4 per cent higher than the target, and a total of 4,363 MW renewable energy was newly supplied, which is nearly double the target. Also in 2019, the total electricity generated from new and renewable energy sources in the country reached 51,122 GWh, which represents 8.7 per cent of the total electricity generated.

KOR

East Asia & Pacific

2.1 Policy Statement: Department of Forestry will engage on integrated resource management programming 2.1.1 To reserve, maintain and develop forest land resources including mangroves ecosystem covering at least 30% of total land area which is capable of environmental protection through: mangroves ecosystem covering at least 30% of total land area which is capable of environmental protection through: minimizing soil desiccation and soil erosion; improving, conserving and preserving biodiversity; maintaining river bank stability (mangroves); and protecting the swamp lands. 2.1.2 To ensure that 75% of forest lands are managed and protected according to forest management principles and plans in order to increase forest resource base by: engaging local communities in forest resource management; strengthening local structures such as community forest management committees, Area Councils; devolving more authority and management responsibilities to local communities and area councils; and introducing effective participatory techniques for local empowerment. 2.1.3 To ensure that sufficient supply of forest produce needed by both urban and rural population is available through: rehabilitation of forest lands; and establishment of fast growing plantations and woodlots (e.g Jatroffa carcus spp for bio-energy). 2.1.4 Develop the institutional capacity of local government councils, the private sector and community-based organizations (CBOS), to deal with land degradation at their level by: building skills base of partner institutions; providing technical assistance to partner institutions; and providing financial assistance, which can be reduced over time.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT POLICY 1. A maximum increase of greenhouse gas emissions not falling within the scope of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme of five percent by 2020 (compared to 2005 levels particularly emissions from transport, mainly road transport, waste, agriculture and fuel combustion in industry and commercial and residential buildings 2. A commitment to achieve by 2020 a share of energy from renewable sources in gross final energy consumption of 10 percent

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

The Climate Action Plan is Iceland's main instrument to reach its commitment in the Paris Agreement, specifically its emissions reduction goals for 2030. It is also the main instrument to reach Iceland's stated goal of carbon neutrality by 2040. Emphasis is put on a rapid clean energy transition in transport and increased efforts in the LULUCF sector, where Iceland has great mitigation potential in afforestation, revegetation and wetland reclamation. The Plan, however, addresses all major sources and sinks, and outlines climate mitigation actions in transport, fisheries, energy, industry, chemicals, agriculture, waste management and LULUCF. The Plan is organized by how the measures relate to Iceland's commitments, as well as by sources of emissions.

ISL

Europe & Central Asia

.1 Energy Supply Energy supply in Sri Lanka is mainly based on three primary resources, namely, biomass, petroleum and hydroelectricity. In 2004, hydro-electricity production in the country accounted for 706.9 KTOE (thousand tonnes of oil equivalent) while the biomass-based energy supply was 4,494.4 KTOE. Approximately 4,304.2 KTOE was provided by imported crude oil and finished petroleum products such as diesel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Additionally, the non-conventional resources (mainly wind) provided 3.5 KTOE of primary energy, giving an aggregate primary energy supply of approximately 9,509.1 KTOE. The 2004 primary energy contributions to national energy supply were 47.3% from biomass, 45.3% from crude oil and petroleum products and 7.4% from hydroelectricity. The use of non-conventional energy resources in Sri Lanka is of a relatively smaller scale and therefore its contribution is presently of low significance in the macro energy picture. 1.2 Energy Demand Growth

LKA

South Asia

The NIRP (2016) is a low-cost scenario mainly apart from other factors of national importance, but this criterion has not been considered when choosing scenarios for assessing their mitigation potential. Instead, the level of penetration of renewables has been the determining factor since the objective is to reduce emissions of GHGS and the country's strategy is geared towards increasing the share of renewables in the electricity generation sector to 75% in the medium term. All scenarios were assessed for their fuel mix over the different time steps to meet the national demand forecasted and the 4 scenarios having the highest share of renewables in 2035 were selected for evaluating their mitigation potential compared to the BAU scenario. They are scenarios 4, 5, 8 and 10 of the NRP (2016). The share of the different energy sources is presented in Figure 5.3 for the 4 mitigation and BAU scenarios for the three-time steps as the additions and phasing out of generation plants become effective. The increase in the share of renewables comprising hydro, solar, wind and biomass can be easily depicted in Figure 5.3. The complete phasing out of electricity imports in all the scenarios by 2024 is also integrated.

NAM

Sub-Saharan Africa

enable timely, effective and appropriate responses to such events and situations. Comment: Contingency planning results in organized and coordinated courses of action with clearly-identified institutional roles and resources, information processes, and

MDV

South Asia

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. NDC target year Geographic coverage for the quantification of emissions Sectors of the INGEI considered in the goal Contribution to mitigation Base year of the contribution Data sources used for the definition of the goal Gases considered in the contributions Methodology for the quantification of emissions Participation in Carbon Markets Construction and Strengthening of Capacities Financing Energy Promotion of the use of other renewable energy sources: By 2050, 30% of the installed capacity of the electrical matrix must come from other types of renewable energy sources. 2050 NATIONAL 2014 First National Communication on Climate Change of Panama, Second National Communication on Climate Change of Panama, National Energy Plan 2015-2050, Database of the Approval Process of Environmental Impact Studies of the Ministry of Environment. UT-CUTS Reforestation of degraded areas: Unilateral Contribution Increase in Carbon absorption capacity by 10% with respect to the Reference Scenario to 2050. Supported Contribution Increase in Carbon absorption capacity by 80% with respect to the 2050 Reference Scenario Reference to 2050. 2015 First National Communication on Climate Change of Panama, Second National Communication on Climate Change of Panama, Preliminary estimates of the Inventory of Greenhouse Gases for the UT-CUTS sector 2005, 2010, 2013. Carbon Dioxide (CO) Guidelines for INGEI, Intergovernmental Panel of Experts on Climate Change (IPCC) Panama contemplates designing a carbon market and will continue to participate in international emissions trading The country will take voluntary measures in the international maritime and air sectors that facilitate compliance by these industries, within the framework of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Civil Aviation Organization (QACI), through market-based measures. Promotion of a culture of sustainable forest management and international trade in reducing carbon emissions: Establishment of the International Implementation Center for the Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation ICIREDD. Support for the implementation of mitigation and adaptation policies and projects around the world: Donation to the Green Climate Fund (GCF).

PAN

Latin America & Caribbean

Energy and transport transport - by types of transport (road, air, ship and rail) and types of vehicles (cars, buses, motorcycles, light and heavy duty vans) or purpose (passenger and freight) and by types of technology and fuel used Services by branch (tourism, trade, education, health), climatic zones (coastal and continental Croatia), purpose (heating, domestic hot water preparation, cooking, refrigeration, electrical appliances and lighting) and by type of fuel used. The energy consumption for heating is modelled at the level of useful and immediate energy households - by climatic zones (coastal and continental Croatia), by purpose (heating, CHW preparation, cooking, refrigeration, electrical appliances and lighting) and by type of fuel used. The energy consumption for heating is modelled at the level of useful and immediate energy agriculture, fisheries and forestry - by type of fuel used Demographic trends - the assumption of a scenario of average fertility and average migration, in accordance with the population projections prepared for the purpose of drafting the Green Paper Energy Strategy: A. Akrap and K. Ivanda: Population Projections of the Republic of Croatia, 2018. 1.1. 'With existing measures' scenario In the period up to 2050, the expected development based on existing measures and market progress has been simulated: market improvements in energy efficiency and fuel replacement in the industrial sector, renewal of the housing stock (reconstruction, replacement and new construction) at a rate of 0.75% of the area of the housing stock fund per year up to the near-zero energy consumption standard (including the use of renewable energy sources), penetration of electric and hybrid vehicles is expected, with a share of total road passenger activity reaching 2.5% in 2030, and 30% in 2050 - the share of rail transport in the structure of freight activity is increasing very slowly; diesel-powered N2 and N3 category trucks will continue to dominate 1.2. With additional measures' scenario Continue to promote energy efficiency beyond 2020, with the following key assumptions: renovation of 1.3% of buildings annually to near

HRV

Europe & Central Asia

8) Energy Efficiency Plan 2018 - 2037 (EEP2018) prepared by Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Ministry of Energy. It aims to achieve a target of 30% energy intensity reduction by 2037 compared to the 2010 level. It is projected to conserve a total of 54,371 ktoe by the end of the plan, in which the priority sectors are transport, industry, commercial/government buildings, residence and agriculture with energy saving targets of 17,682 ktoe, 21,137 ktoe, 6,418 ktoe, 3,300 ktoe and 527 ktoe, respectively, by 2037.

THA

East Asia & Pacific

I. - The fight against climate change is a top priority. In this perspective, the commitment made by France to divide its greenhouse gas emissions by four between 1990 and 2050 is confirmed by reducing by 3% per year, on average, greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, in order to reduce its annual greenhouse gas emissions by this deadline to a level below 140 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. protecting the environment, it promotes or will support, in the competent international institutions, the adaptation of international regulations to the new uses of the Arctic Ocean made possible by its increasing accessibility. France has set itself the objective of becoming the most efficient economy in terms of carbon equivalent in the European Community by 2020. To this end, it will play its full part in achieving the reduction objective of at least 20 % of the European Community&#39;s greenhouse gas emissions by this deadline, this objective being raised to 30% provided that other industrialized countries outside the European Community commit to comparable objectives and that developing countries the most advanced make an appropriate contribution. It will also support the conclusion of binding international commitments to reduce emissions. It will contribute, in the same way, to the achievement of the objective of improving the energy efficiency of the European Community by 20% and undertakes to increase the share of renewable energies to at least 23% of its energy consumption. final energy by 2020. Programming LAW n 2009-967 of August 3, 2009 relating to the implementation of the Grenelle de l&#39;environnement | Legifrance

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

(2) Schedule 1 contains further provisions about the Committee. whether the percentage specified in section 1(1) (the target for 2050) should be amended, and (2) Advice given by the Committee under this section must also contain the reasons for that advice.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

Crops - excluded land high risk of indirect land use changes with adverse environmental effects. (b) was never cultivated before July 1, 2020 and was, at any time on or after that day, in a riparian zone.

CAN

North America

35%) and transmission/distribution loss (In case of transmission and distribution loss 14% or as and when required. Primary energy is a natural energy; such as fossil, hydro, solar and geo-thermal energy. Besides secondary energy is an artificially converted energy; such as electricity, gasoline etc.

BGD

South Asia

Figure 3-1: Thailand's GHG mitigation: NAMA 2020 and NDC 2030 A number of mitigation measures are addressing emissions in the Thailand's NDC roadmap 2030, such as the energy efficiency suit of programs which contributes to improve energy efficiency across Thailand (including the energy efficiency improvement for power generation, the energy efficiency for manufacturing industries, and the energy efficiency for building and households), renewable energy. and transportation infrastructure development. The emission reduction in the energy and transport sectors of Thailand's NDC roadmap will contribute about 113 MtCO2eq by 2030, which accounts for a 20.4% emission reduction when compared to the BAU level. (Table 3-6). CHAPTER 3: MITIGATION MEASURES

THA

East Asia & Pacific

anthropogenic and their harmful effects and more particularly land clearing, fires and overgrazing. Currently, forests and rangelands in Tunisia cover an area estimated at 5.5 million ha, or one third of the territory. The forest area is 1.2 million ha including 1 million ha of forests proper and about 170,000 ha of maquis and scrubland, this forest area represented at independence only barely 400,000 hectares, where the effort made in this field over the last fifty years. Three-quarters of the forests are located in the northwest and center-west of the country. According to FAO data in its 2009 edition, forest areas listed in Tunisia cover about 7% of the total area of the country, just behind Morocco, 9% and well ahead of other Maghreb countries. However, this rate remains well below that of the countries on the northern shore of the Mediterranean.

TUN

Middle East & North Africa

Around 51% of the population living in all urban centers has access to safe drinking. The Water Supply Authorities (WSA) of these urban centers increased their supply capacity based on people's actual needs. Drinking water supply capacity has increased significantly over the last decades. In 2009, around 90% of Phnom Penh's population had access to safe drinking water. 17,590 poor households, many female-headed households, received support through a policy of subsidised charges for water use based on their income (RGC, 2010 and 2014). From 2008 to 2012, the coverage rate of piped water supply in urban areas increased from 52% in 2008 to 68.5% in 2012, except Phnom Penh, which had a coverage rate of 85% in 2012. Over the same period, the number of urban households having access to safe water supply increased from 269,755 to 400,181. In 2020, 21% of the population cannot get safe drinking water in under a 30-minute roundtrip. In total, 3.4 million people are still in need of basic access to safe water in Cambodia. Further expansion of the coverage of clean water supply to the rural and urban areas is conducted through the rigorous implementation of the National Strategy for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (NSRWSS) (2011-2025).

KHM

East Asia & Pacific

TABLE40 National Energy Strategy: for a more competitive and sustainable energy Moreover, in case of exceeding the national targets, the possibility of transfer of surplus shares can be considered, through the mechanism of statistical transfer provided for in Directive 2009/28/EC. The economic benefits resulting from the activation of this instrument will be used to reduce the incentive costs imposed on electricity tariffs.

ITA

Europe & Central Asia

AGRICULTURE SECTOR AND FOOD SECURITY OBJECTIVE E1.2. Develop the capacity for energy efficiency by 2015 Action Area Action Area E1.2.1. Delivering trainings and raising awareness an energy Actions E1.2.1.1. Reviewing the existing legislation so as to increase the efficiency of energy efficiency consultancy (EEC) companies, supporting EECS and increasing their numbers Time Peri 2011-2012 E1.21.2. Evaluating the awareness-raising activities using the energy efficiency awareness 2011-2022 index" method and announcing the results

TUR

Europe & Central Asia

The trend of total gross emissions shows a decrease of 13.84% (23,281.89 Gg CO eq) between the average of the 2000-2016 time series with respect to the 1990-1999 series. Subsequently, an increase of 24.29% is observed in the years 2017 and 2018 compared to the 2000-2016 series; these emission levels are higher than the values reported for the first decade. The net annual average GHG emissions of category 3B Lands correspond to 97,206.45 Gg CO eq in the 1990-2018 series, which have an average of 109,288.89 Gg CO eq of gross emissions and -12,082.45 Gg CO eq in removals. Of the gross emissions, 73.30% (annual average) correspond to emissions from deforestation of natural forests. The largest emissions from category 3B Lands are reported in the 1990s. Starting in 2000, net GHG emissions decreased to the lowest historical level, reported in 2015. Subsequently, GHG emissions in this category increased to a maximum of 129,666.53 Gg CO eq in 2017. In 2018, 99,060 were registered..62 Gg CO eq of net emissions, corresponding to 122,247.09 Gg CO eq of gross emissions and -23,186.47 Gg CO eq of removals. Deforestation corresponds to 77.26% of the gross emissions of category 38 and 52.74% of the entire AFOLU sector in 2018. The behavior of the 2000-2015 time series is due to the reduction of emissions from the subcategories 381 Forest Lands and 383 Pastures, with 15.73% less compared to the decade of the 90s. These subcategories are part of category 3B Land, which historically contributes 70.31% of total AFOLU emissions (109,288.89 Gg CO eq). In the historical series of emissions, it is observed that the majority correspond to the land use and change of use sector associated with deforestation, with an average total of 80,110.28 Gg CO eq. (55.97% of the average net emissions of the AFOLU sector). It was established that the main direct causes of deforestation between 1990 and 1999 were related to the expansion of the agricultural frontier (especially due to extensive cattle ranch

COL

Latin America & Caribbean

.81 82 TABLE 7: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE ENERGY SECTOR UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO TABLE 8: QUANTIFIED MITIGATION EFFECTS OF THE DESCRIBED WEM MEASURES (PLUS TWO WAM)........ FIGURE 27: TREND OF AGGREGATE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY GAS IN THE IPPU SECTOR IN THE YEARS 1990-2016 (GG CO EQ.). .83 TABLE 9: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE IPPU SECTOR INCLUDING F-GASES UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO .83 TABLE 10: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE IPPU SECTOR INCLUDING F-GASES UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO............... TABLE 11: PROJECTIONS OF EMISSIONS IN THE ROAD TRANSPORT FOR 2017-2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO... TABLE 12: PROJECTIONS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE ROAD TRANSPORT FOR 2017-2040 UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO. 84 84 84 .85 TABLE 13: PROJECTIONS OF EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO... FIGURE 28: PROJECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF CARBON STOCK IN LIVING BIOMASS (ABOVE GROUND + GROUND) IN SLOVAK FORESTS.... TABLE 14: PROJECTIONS OF CO EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS IN THE LULUCF SECTOR (IN GG) UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WEM SCENARIO.... ...... 86 TABLE 15: PROJECTIONS OF CO EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS IN THE LULUCF SECTOR (IN GG) UNTIL 2040 UNDER THE WAM SCENARIO.................. .......... 86 86 ANNEX IL-SPECIFIC APPROACHES AND ANALYTICAL MODELS APPLIED TO

SVK

Europe & Central Asia

expense of higher investment. The aim of Government is to maintain energy expenditure on the basis of life cycle costs at a reasonable level. 6.5.2 Energy efficiency will, henceforth, be one of the main criteria in the design of public buildings and in rental of private buildings. This will act as an incentive for designing energy efficient buildings. 6.5.3 Government is committed to retrofitting existing state-owned public buildings, in a phased manner, to bring their energy performance up to best practice standards. 6.5.4 A new Building Control Act will be passed to improve building design and choice of building plant and equipment to attain high efficiency in term of energy use. Henceforth, new buildings, both public and private, will have to be energy efficient in terms of the building design and plant and equipment to be used, as per the provisions of the new Act. 6.5.5 Issues of sustainable building designs and low energy consumption would be addressed in specific Planning Policy Guidelines, which would be prepared in consultation with stakeholders, including architects, engineers and environmentalists. 6.5.6 Government will also introduce best working practices and engineering based solutions to address public sector energy efficiency. In this respect, the EEMO will launch appropriate campaigns with the objective of changing behaviour at work and promoting practices aimed at rationalization of energy use in all large buildings. Necessary technical support and guidance will be provided by the EEMO for the implementation of energy saving measures in all public bodies. 6.5.7 The public sector will also play its part in demand management. In hospitals, the demand for hot water is very high and this is generally met from electric and gas water heaters, though there is good potential for the use of solar water heaters. To ensure optimal use of renewable sources of energy, solar water heaters will be installed. 6.5.8 The EEMO will work in close collaboration with hospitals and private clinics with a view to promoting efficient use of energy in the health sector. 6.5.9 The overall strategy is to reduce energy consumption in the public sector by half of its current level by the year 2015 and to sustain the energy efficiency objectives with the support of new technologies. 6.6 Energy Efficiency in the Tourism Industry 6.6.1 Tourism contributes significantly to economic growth and has been a key factor in the

MUS

Sub-Saharan Africa

349. For the purposes of the provisions of paragraphs 344 to 350, the definitions set out in legislative decree no. 192. The implementing provisions of the provisions of paragraphs 344, 345, 346 and 347 are dictated by decree of the Minister of Economy and Finance, in agreement with the Minister of Economic Development, to be adopted by February 28, 2007. 350. In article 4 of the consolidated text of the legislative and regulatory provisions on construction, referred to in the decree of the President of the Republic June 6, 2001, n. 380, after paragraph 1 the following is inserted: &quot;1-bis. In the regulation referred to in paragraph 1, for the purpose of issuing the building permit, the installation of photovoltaic panels for the production of electricity for new buildings, in such a way as to guarantee an energy production of no less than 0.2 kW for each housing unit &quot;. 351. The interventions for the construction of new buildings or new building complexes, with a total volume exceeding 10,000 cubic meters, with the start date of works by 31 December 2007 and termination within the following three years, which achieve a limit value of annual primary energy per square meter of useful surface of the building at least 50 per cent lower than the values shown in annex C, number 1), table 1, annexed to legislative decree no. 192, as well as the energy needs for summer air conditioning and lighting, are entitled to a contribution equal to 55 percent of the extra costs incurred to achieve the aforementioned limit value for energy requirements, including the higher design costs.

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

6.7.3 Energy Sovereignty 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The main targets for strengthening energy security to be achieved in the 2015-2019 period are: (i) strengthening the availability of primary energy from oil production supported by natural gas and coal production; (ii) increasing the use of primary energy sources for domestic use; (iii) the fulfillment of the electrification ratio reaching 96.6 percent; The targets for providing energy facilities and infrastructure consist of: (i) construction of 1 unit of oil refinery with a total capacity of 300 thousand barrels per day; (ii) additional storage capacity of 2.7 million KL of fuel and 42 thousand tons of LPG; (iii) construction of 7 units of Floating Storage Regasification Unit (FSRU)/Regasification Unit/LNG Terminal; (iv) construction of gas pipelines with a total length of approximately 6,362 km; (v) construction of 118 SPBG units; and (vi) the installed power plant capacity of 86.6 GW; The targets for the use of biofuels are: (i) biodiesel production of 4.3 - 10 million KL; and (ii) bioethanol production of 0.34-0.93 million KL, and (iii) implementation of construction. plantations for bio-energy in several potential locations. Meanwhile, the target for more efficient energy use is the achievement of primary energy intensity of 463.2 BOE per billion Rupiah; The target for increasing the new and renewable energy mix (EBT) consists of: (i) the NRE mix by 10-16 percent; (ii) the installed capacity of NRE power plants (PLTP, PLTA and PLTMH) is 7.5 GW; (iii) implementation of a pilot project for nuclear power reactors with a capacity of about 10 MW; (iv) implementation of a pilot project of a minimum 1 MW ocean current power plant; and Another target is the reduction of energy subsidies, which consist of: (i) a reduction in the amount of fuel subsidies; (ii) a decrease in the capacity of power plants that use fuel to only 2.04 percent. 2015-2019 ENERGY SOVEREIGNTY TARGET

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

agroecological approaches for ecological restoration Indicator title Number of training sessions per year Estimated impact of mitigation Number of women farmers trained Unit TU Gg CO-e TU Global Environment, ITTO. Objective of the mitigation measure The objective of this mitigation measure is to build the capacity of grassroots communities through the OPFAs. Brief description and planned activities The implementation of this mitigation measure will make it possible to discuss development issues at the scale of the region and specific landscapes by allowing each actor to express their concerns in terms of agroecological practices by favor of restoration. The consultation framework would be a framework for the exchange of ideas where development actors would be encouraged to discuss and appropriate the vision and strategic orientations that should frame the execution of project activities. Estimated result and estimation of avoided emissions 118.95tc of carbon will be sequestered, i.e. 0.436 Gg CO-e will be absorbed through the implementation of this mitigation measure Methodology and Assumptions Methodology: In the FAT sub-sector: the COMAP tool (Comprehensive Mitigation Assessment Process for forestry) was used to develop mitigation scenarios in accordance with UNFCCC recommendations. For the estimation of carbon sequestration for this mitigation measure, the REFROTN sub-model (Reforestation and enrichment of degraded landscapes) was used. Assumptions: The reforestation of degraded ecosystems in Togo will make it possible to achieve a forest cover of 30% of the national surface area by 2035; The rate of forest cover will increase from 24.24 to 25% by 2025 according to the government roadmap The growth rate of the urban and rural population is 2.84%/year; The annual deforestation rate of wooded plant formations is 0.4% (NRF) without any intervention; Togo&#39;s desire to reduce the area of plant formations annually burned by 5% will be disrupted by uncontrolled wildfires. Main indicators used Reference value indicator Target value Progress indicators Not estimated Not estimated Year to which the reference value and the 2021 objective refer Indicators relating to the impacts in terms of GHG emissions Not estimated 0.436 2030 Indicators related to sustainable development Not estimated Not estimated Value of the indicator in the last year of the report Not estimated 2030 Not estimated Not estimated Year of the report

TGO

Sub-Saharan Africa

This review process, started in February 2020, allowed for broad consultation of strategic national stakeholders, including key ministries, the private sector, civil society and local authorities. At the end of these consultations, Cte d&#39;Ivoire raises its climate ambition to 30.41% corresponding to a reduction of thirty-seven (37) million tonnes of CO equivalent in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. of all sectors, including Forestry and other Land Uses (FAT), by 2030 compared to the new reference scenario. This unconditional contribution consists of a reduction of 13.2 million tonnes of GHG emissions resulting from the implementation of measures in the energy, waste and agriculture sectors (corresponding to a reduction of 10 5% of total national GHG emissions in 2030 compared to the reference scenario), and a reduction of 23.8 million tonnes of GHG emissions resulting from the implementation of measures in the Forestry and other Land Uses (corresponding to a 19.6% reduction in total national GHG emissions in 2030 compared to the reference scenario).

CIV

Sub-Saharan Africa

Assessing co-benefits of adaptation for carbon-neutral society

KOR

East Asia & Pacific

National Climate Change Strategy for Turkey was approved by the Higher Plan- ning Council and took effect in May 3rd 2010. The National Vision in this strat- egy is defined as follows: "Turkey's national vision within the scope of "climate change" is to become a country fully integrating climate change-related objectives into its develop- ment policies, disseminating energy efficiency, increasing the use of clean and renewable energy resources, actively participating in the efforts for tackling climate change within its "special circumstances", and providing its citizens with a high quality of life and welfare with low-carbon intensity." STRATEGIC TARGETS

TUR

Europe & Central Asia

GRENLEC has no specific demand-side energy efficiency programme in place to attempt to reduce per-capita consumption. In 2005, a Cuban Government-sponsored light bulb replacement programme was implemented in Grenada, to replace household incandescent bulbs with CFLs. No attempt appears to have been made to measure the specific effects of this programme on domestic sector consumption and anecdotal reports suggest that the results were mixed, with quality of the bulbs being a factor. The Government launched a public sector energy conservation programme in early 2010 and has accumulated baseline data on energy consumption at the Ministry level. The goal being to reduce energy consumption (electricity and transport) by 10% by Q4, 2012, using 2009 as a base year. The effectiveness of this on-going programme will be reviewed at the end of 2011. It is recognized that Grenada is vulnerable to natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods, storm surges, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis. It is further recognized that as a result of climate change and sea level rise, energy assets located in coastal areas (e.g. petroleum storage tanks and electricity generating plants) are becoming more vulnerable. The Government, in association with GRENLEC and other national energy stakeholders, will conduct risk and vulnerability assessments on all major energy infrastructure based on the estimated risks of the occurrence of the relevant natural phenomena. Future planning decisions, including, for example, the placement of petroleum tank farms, wind farms and other generation, transmission and distribution facilities will be influenced by this assessment.

GRD

Latin America & Caribbean

On September 22, 2020, President Xi Jinping declared, at the General Debate of the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, that China would scale up its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by adopting more vigorous policies and measures, and aims to have CO emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. On December 12, 2020, President Xi Jinping announced some further commitments for 2030 at the Climate Ambition Summit: China will lower its CO emissions per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) by over 65% from the 2005 level, increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 25%, increase the forest stock volume by 6 billion m from the 2005 level, and bring its total installed capacity of wind and solar power to over 1.2 billion kW. On April 22, 2021, President Xi Jinping pointed out at the Leaders Summit on Climate that China has committed to move from carbon peak to carbon neutrality in a much shorter time span than what many developed countries might take, and that requires extraordinarily hard efforts from China. The targets of carbon peak and carbon neutrality have been added to China's overall plan for ecological conservation. China is now making an action plan and is already taking strong nationwide actions toward carbon peak. Support is being given to peaking pioneers from localities, sectors and companies. China will strictly control coal-fired power generation projects, and strictly limit the increase in coal consumption over the 14th Five-Year Plan (FYP) period and phase it down in the 15th FYP period. Moreover, China has decided to accept the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol and tighten regulations over non-carbon dioxide emissions. China's national carbon market will start trading. On September 21, 2021, at the General Debate of the 76th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, President Xi Jinping stated that China will strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. This requires tremendous hard work, and China will make every effort to meet these goals. China will step up support for other developing countries in developing green and low-carbon energy, and will not build new coal-fired power projects abroad.

CHN

East Asia & Pacific

5. Awareness raising and human resource development Strengthen communication and education to raise awareness and responsibility for the whole society about climate change; strong human resource training, especially highly qualified human resources. a) Targets to be achieved by 2010 - Develop a plan to raise awareness and start implementation in sectors and localities that are sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. - Initially implementing the plan to raise awareness in the education and training system; developing and disseminating documents and means for raising awareness. - Develop human resource development plans and implement them in sectors and localities that are sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. - More than 10% of the population and over 65% of civil servants and public employees have a basic understanding of climate change and its impacts. b) Performance targets by 2015 - Step by step effectively implement the plan to raise awareness about climate change from central to local levels. - Completing, updating, and widely disseminating documents and means for raising awareness. - Implement plans to raise awareness and develop human resources in the education and training system at all levels. - More than 80% of the community and 100% of government officials and employees have basic understanding of climate change and its impacts. 6. Strengthen international cooperation. Take advantage and effectively use international funding sources, including finance, technology transfer through bilateral and multilateral cooperation. Participate in regional and global cooperation activities on climate change

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

381al-3 381a-4 381al-S 381all-1 rural that consumes firewood. Currently, the INGEI has information on these plans for 8 of the country&#39;s 33 departments and for the rest of the departments a national value obtained from the last DANE quality of life survey is assigned. To remedy the information gaps in this regard, DANE, through the development and implementation of the National Agricultural Survey (ENA), has formulated, with the advice of the INGEI group, new questions that manage to gather information on firewood consumption per person in the population. rural by department; however, this information was not available for this update. Consumption of firewood In the energy sector, estimates of emissions are made for the consumption of firewood as fuel, which are reported as an informative item. In this sector, there is information on the consumption of firewood in the commercial and institutional sectors that are not included in the calculations of emissions from the consumption of firewood from natural forests, partly because there is no information to verify the origin. this. Fires in natural forests: The estimate of emissions associated with the burning of biomass in natural forests is based on the burned area of natural forest reported by the CARS in the IDEAM SNIF and the use of default factors from the IPCC Guidelines (2006 ); therefore, it is necessary to carry out studies that allow adjusting these factors by type of forest cover, mainly the assumption of the Espe fraction of the burned biomass. At this time, the level 1 diff assumption is used, which states that all biomass is burned, which ignites may lead to an overestimation of the calculation. With the 2016 deforestation figure, the SMBYC has begun to discriminate annually, spatially explicit information on fires as an activity that generates deforestation, based on the analysis and monitoring of hot spots. This information has not been included in this report, which is why it is necessary to collate and include said information for the estimation of GHG emissions in future reports. Drained organic soils Estimates of C losses from the management of drained organic soils are estimated based on level 1 methodologies, using default factors from the IPCC and as activity data, data from organic soils (histosols) from the IGAC geopedological map are used., crossed with that of Continental,

COL

Latin America & Caribbean

The government's strategy in terms of flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol has likewise required the consolidation of the most relevant institutional elements. The first measure adopted in this area was the creation of the Designated National Authority (DNA) by means of the Royal Decree Law 5/2004, of 27 August, later modified by Law 1/2005, of 9 March, which regulates GHG Emission Trading. It creates the Designated National Authority as an inter-ministerial commission in which the Autonomous Communities have a representative who acts as the designated national authority with defined functions, which include the issuing of letters of approval for CDM and Joint Implementation projects. In November 2004, the Spanish Government signed a letter of intent with the World Bank to invest 205 Million Euros for purposes of obtaining 40 Mt CO by means of the following Funds: the Spanish Carbon Fund, the BioCarbon Fund, and the Community Development Carbon Fund. Additionally Spain contributes to the World's Bank Programme of Technical Assistance to improve Projects qualification in Host Countries. Likewise, on October 10, 2005 an agreement was signed with the Corporacin Andina de Fomento (CAF) to implement the Latin American Carbon Initiative (LACI), which will allow the acquisition of 9 Mt CO eq in exchange for a public capital investment of 47 Million Euros. Moreover, on September 15, 2006, the contribution of Spain with 35 Million Euros to the Multilateral Carbon Credit Fund (MCCF) was approved; it was promoted and managed by the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). On November 24, 2006 the Council of Ministers approved the participation of Spain in the Asia Pacific Carbon Fund of the Asian Bank of Development (ADB), with a contribution of 30 Million Dollars from the Ministry of Economy and Finance. After closing the first section of the BioCarbon Fund managed by the World Bank, Spain will participate in a second section with a contribution commitment of 5,200,000 US$, between 2007 and 2008, so as to obtain in return the maximum tons of CO that can be purchased with this amount. Together with these actions, it is important to emphasize: (1) the strong investment in carbon Funds managed by multilateral financial institutions which indicate the preference for Latin America; (ii) the use of support instruments in foreign trade, such as the Fund of Viability Studies (FVS) that finances viability studies made by Spanish

ESP

Europe & Central Asia

fuel prices in Canada and the impact on vehicle choice federal and provincial efforts to increase the number of zero emission vehicles in Canada the pace of technological advancement in the light-duty vehicle market

CAN

North America

This document was produced for the project "Macedonia's Fourth National Communication and Third Biennial Update Report on Climate Change under the UNFCCC", with the technical and financial support of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Global Environmental Facility (GEF). Research Center for Energy and Sustainable Development, Macedonian Academy of Science and Arts (RCESD MASA) Team Aleksandra Dedinec, Assoc. Prof.

MKD

Europe & Central Asia

Public sector leadership The SSDF supports the Carbon Neutral Government Programme (CNGP) and aims to help numerous organisations within the public sector to be carbon neutral from 2025. SSDF investment focuses on replacing fossil-fuelled boilers cross the state sector and particularly in hospitals and tertiary institutions with low-emissions alternatives, such as biomass boilers and heat pumps. EECA also works with the Ministry of Education to replace coal boilers in schools. With the support from the SSDF, it was announced that all coal boilers across New Zealand schools will be replaced with low-emissions alternatives by 2025. Other priorities are to support the replacement of vehicle fleets with electric vehicles, install energy-efficient chillers and install LED lighting. Carbon Neutral Government Programme

NZL

East Asia & Pacific

The 2007 Population Census in Mozambique estimated the country&#39;s urban population at 36%. Based on these data and on population growth rates, the projections made indicate 60% (or 17 million inhabitants) of urban population in 2030. Investments in urban planning and services must be carried out now, to prevent cities from being intensive in carbon terms, with disconnected and deficient services. The fastest growing urban centers are Maputo and Matola in the south, Tete, Chimoio and Beira in the center, and Nampula, Nacala and Pemba in the north. The large metropolitan area of the capital city of Maputo has a fluctuating population of 2 to 2.3 million people and represents the largest concentration of people vulnerable to climate change (MICOA 2009). Most of these people live in settlements with suboptimal infrastructure and lack basic public services. Most of Mozambique&#39;s major cities are located on the coast and are at high risk for climate change-related floods and water erosion, salinity intrusion and cyclones. The urbanization process is characterized by low-density settlements, with increasing pressures on local authorities to meet the needs of employment, infrastructure and basic services. As future demographic and economic growth poles, coastal cities must mainstream climate resilience now to avoid more intense adaptation and greater physical, economic and human costs due to natural disasters later. In addition, it will be critical to plan for migration away from coastal areas and reduce their currently high rates of expansion by developing new urban centers in safer areas. carbon, with disconnected and deficient services. The fastest growing urban centers are large metropolitan area of the capital city of Maputo has a fluctuating population of 2 to 2.3

MOZ

Sub-Saharan Africa

Objectives Envisaged sectoral sub- Measures connected to the networks of the Beninese Electric Energy Company (SBEE) (6) (Promotion of the use of low energy consumption electric lamps (public lighting) to Continue and strengthen actions for efficient consumption of energy in all sectors (7) Promotion of energy-saving LED lamps in households (3,000,000 lamps in 1,000,000 households (project in preparation at the DGRE) wood-energy Promote partial substitution of wood-energy consumption by butane gas (8) Promotion of PV solar street lighting (a total of 53,743 solar street lights including 23,243 street lights already installed at the end of 2020 and 30,500 new street lights to be installed for a total power of 4837 KW) (9) PV solar power plants on the roofs of administrative buildings (07 health centers and colleges, 2 sites housing municipal services, 55 administrative buildings) consuming improved stoves Extend household access to electric lighting to replace household lighting (12) Promotion of access for 275,000 new households to cooking equipment using domestic gas: by subsidizing the cost of acquiring small equipment, 6 kg cylinder + burner up to 30% or setting up a mechanism facilitating access to credit for junior civil servants (guarantee fund, partnership framework with financial institutions) (13) Subsidy of domestic gas consumption up to at least 30% of the cost of recharging (10) Promotion of the use of 37,221 LED lamps energy-saving electric lamps in public services-37,221 LED lamps in the administration Promote the (11) Promotion of the economic use 270,043 technologies of wood-energy through household access to 809,043 new low-income households Unconditional contribution (14) Promotion of the extension of access for households and public services to off-grid electric lighting through individual kits (13,249 households by 2024 and 100,000 new households between 2025-2030). Rehabilitation of 18,777 conventional streetlights (250W) and replacement of lights with LEDs (100W) 150,000 lamps Installation of 23,393 streetlights by the end of 2020 (2,105 KW). Rehabilitation between 2021 and 2022 of 8,455 defective streetlights. 07 health centers and colleges and 2 sites housing communal services 100,000 households 100,000 households Conditional contribution Installation of 30,350 new 100 W streetlights instead of

BEN

Sub-Saharan Africa

Source: Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (Net Zero Strategy, 2021)

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

CarboAfrica (and ultimately CarboEurope), FLUXNET and ARS AfricaE through its continuous atmospheric monitoring at several stations across South Africa; • AERONET and Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) networks through the aerosol data collected at GAW and Irene;

ZAF

Sub-Saharan Africa

Desalinated water is one of Singapore's sources of water supply, meeting about 10% of the country's water needs. By 2060, PUB aims to expand our desalination capacity by almost 10 times to meet 30% of our long-term water needs. We have been investing in R&D to improve the energy efficiency of the desalination process. One project using electrochemical desalting aims to reduce energy usage to less than half of current membrane-based desalination methods. PUB is also experimenting with biomimicry, by studying natural desalination systems such as mangrove plants and marine fishes. This technology has the potential to reduce the required energy to less than a fifth of current methods.

SGP

East Asia & Pacific

Table A10-3 in Part 3 of Canada&#39;s National Inventory Report for 2019, submitted to the UNFCCC, provides additional information on IPCC definitions and economic sectors and a detailed correlation between IPCC sectors and economic sectors. economic. Table 3.1: Canada&#39;s emission reduction targets 3.3 Approach to market-based mechanisms

CAN

North America

E. A cost-benefit evaluation of the means necessary, and if necessary the new means, including evaluation of the feasibility of the overall reduction target for the buildings sector, which was set at the head of this clause. 8. For the sake of accomplishing the targets of electricity generation from renewable energy, as per Government Decision 542, to take the following measures: A. Task the Energy Minister, according to clause 57A of the Electric Power Industry Law, with publishing no later than December 31, 2016, a plan for achieving the targets for electricity generation from renewable energy. The plan shall take into consideration, among other things -

ISR

Middle East & North Africa

Strengthen the energy sector leadership and planning Increase access to electricity in urban areas to 100% by 2020. Increase access to electricity in rural households to 35% by 2020. Increase access of safe, affordable and reliable petroleum fuels to outer islands and remote rural locations Increase the use of renewable energy sources for power generation in urban and rural areas to 79% by 2030. Increase the development and penetration of gaseous fuels and alternative liquid fuels from indigenous raw materials. Improve energy efficiency and conservation in all sectors by 10.7% by 2019.

SLB

East Asia & Pacific

3-That, in 2007, Costa Rica launched its commitment to be carbon neutral by the year 2021, a goal included in the National Climate Change Strategy (2009) and in its Action Plan (2013).

CRI

Latin America & Caribbean

6. How the Party considers that its NDC is fair and ambitious in light of its national circumstances a. How the Party considers that its NDC is fair and ambitious in the light of its national circumstances; b. Fairness considerations, including reflecting on equity. The Government of Vanuatu is steadfast in its conviction that global mitigation efforts should focus on stabilising global GHG emissions at levels that will limit increases in global average temperatures to well below 1.5C above preindustrial levels. Vanuatu is a small island developing country, that has an insignificant contribution to global GHG emissions, historically its GHG emissions have been very low: Vanuatu's total CO equivalent emissions was approximately 0.0011% of the Global GHG emissions for 2015. Vanuatu has taken an ambitious target of transitioning to close to 100% renewable energy in the electricity sector by 2030. With this enhanced NDC, Vanuatu is planning to further reduce its national GHG emissions by 2030. Vanuatu's adaptation and loss and damage targets are some of the most ambitious and comprehensive in the world, highlighting the priority of these two pillars of the Paris Agreement to Vanuatu. Thus, this NDC, and the accompanying information, reflects Vanuatu's commitment under the Paris Agreement to address climate change. Vanuatu's NDC target constitutes the highest possible ambition, in the context of our national analyses of mitigation potential. Vanuatu plans to demonstrate leadership among developing countries by continuing to enhance our mitigation efforts and to move towards economy-wide emissions limitation or reduction targets over time. Vanuatu aims to extend the scope of the coverage of its NDC over time to all categories of anthropogenic emissions and removal, as more robust data, finance, technical support and capacity becomes available. This approach is in line with the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances." In keeping with Article 2 of the UNFCCC, Vanuatu demands that emission stabilisation should be achieved globally, and domestically by all countries within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change

VUT

East Asia & Pacific

Under our 2009 Copenhagen pledge, Singapore is committed to reduce emissions by 16% below 2020 business-as-usual (BAU) levels. Having ratified the Paris Agreement on 21 September 2016, Singapore has also formalised our 2030 pledge which builds on our 2020 commitment. As stated in our Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), Singapore aims to reduce our Emissions Intensity by 36% from 2005 levels by 2030, and stabilise our emissions with the aim of peaking around 2030. While these are challenging targets given our limited potential for alternative energy sources that could reduce emissions on a significant scale, Singapore is well on track to meet our 2020 pledge.

SGP

East Asia & Pacific

(+++ § 51: For application see § 100 paragraph 1 sentence 4 +++) (+++ § 27 to 51: For non-application see § 32 paragraph 1 GEEV +++) Section 52 Reduction of the payment claim in the event of breaches of duty (1) The value to be applied is reduced to zero,

DEU

Europe & Central Asia

promoting balanced territorial development, but also to ensure the safety and quality of foods biodiversity, climate stability even though they have no market value. Within the CAP second pillar, rural development, Member States have the possibility and are requested to adopt

BGR

Europe & Central Asia

2023 Green Finance Strategy 26. It is vital that investor confidence is upheld in the ambition, additionality and comparability of the transition pathways that underpin transition finance instruments. There is a growing range of transition guidance and definitions available in the market. The UK government will continue to support and promote market development of high integrity and innovative new transition finance instruments that are consistent with a pathway to net zero and the Paris temperature goal. 31. The Review will be led by an external expert, who will be supported by a panel of advisors, and a small secretariat. The review will leverage and align with ongoing Transition Plan Taskforce work (see section 2.2.2). It should look at international comparisons, and prioritise international coherence and interoperability (consistent with our goals in section 2.6.1). This Review will have regard to the UK Listing Review led by Lord Hill and its recommendations on how to encourage more high-quality UK equity listings and public offers, along with the Government's response. We are acting on Lord Hill's recommendations, for instance in our consultation on reforms to the UK's prospectus regime to make regulation more agile and effective, and facilitate wider participation in the ownership of public companies.

GBR

Europe & Central Asia

ARTICLE 4 Article 9 of Law 26,190, &quot;National Development Scheme for the Use of Renewable Sources of Energy for the Production of Electric Power&quot;, is replaced by the following: Article 9: Benefits The beneficiaries mentioned in article 8 who are dedicated to carrying out projects for the production of electricity from renewable energy sources under the terms of this law and who meet the conditions established therein, They will enjoy the promotional benefits provided for in this article, as of the approval of the respective project by the Enforcement Authority, provided that said project has an effective start of execution before December 31, 2017, inclusive. It will be understood that there is an effective beginning of execution when disbursements of funds associated with the project have been made for an amount not less than fifteen percent (15%) of the total investment planned before the date indicated above. The accreditation of the effective start of execution of the project will be made by means of a sworn declaration presented before the Enforcement Authority, under the conditions established by the regulations. The applicable promotional benefits are as follows:

ARG

Latin America & Caribbean

Togo&#39;s electrification strategy in 2030 Five-year plan 2019-2023 of the AT2ER National Bioenergy Action Plan (PANBE) pending adoption. Distribution of F-gas recovery Reinforce the capacity of customs agents Reinforce the capacity of refrigeration technicians Promote the processing and recycling of fluorinated gases. The implementation of priorities related to the contribution to GHG emissions is subject to the following difficulties: Low technical capacity of the members of the National Authority for coordinating the process of developing NCs, BURs on climate change and CDNs; and Limited technical expertise in all key themes related to the priority sectors covered by the Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPUP) Larm duro Cocool device mitigation studies. Construction of the Autoroute de l&#39;Unit (RN1 linking the hinterland to the agglomeration of Lom and the port). Increase the electrification rate to 100% by 2030: i) deploy more than 300 mini-grids by 2030, representing an installed capacity of approximately 9 MW; (ii) electrify 555,000 households by solar kits by 2030, i.e. up to 85 MW of solar generation capacity installed in 2030; and (iii) extend and densify the network to reach around 670,000 connections by 2030, i.e. around 108 MW of additional capacity. Install additional capacity of 88.2 MW by 2023 for hydroelectricity; Install 99 MW of solar to grid capacity by 2025; Install a capacity of 4 MW of solar mini-grid in 2023; Install a capacity of 11.71 MW of solar kits in 2023. Increase the rate of use of improved stoves from 40% in 2020 to 80% in 2030: Increase the share of charcoal produced with improved techniques from less than 1 % in 2020 to 45% in 2030; Increase the share of the population using biogas for cooking to 4% in 2025 and 12% in 2030 in urban areas; to 6% in 2025 and 15% in 2030 in rural areas: Increase the share of the population using briquettes to 15% in urban areas and 10% in rural areas in 2030; Increase the share of the population using LPG to 35% in urban areas and 8% in rural areas by 2030. Reduce

TGO

Sub-Saharan Africa