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World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | Grandpa, quick, tell me everything you know about World War I. World War I? I fought in that course to enlist. I had to lie about my age. Explosion. Hey guys, welcome to another Hip Hughes lecture. World history, global history, not my specialty, but I can spew enough out for you to learn something. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | I had to lie about my age. Explosion. Hey guys, welcome to another Hip Hughes lecture. World history, global history, not my specialty, but I can spew enough out for you to learn something. Today we're going to take a look at maybe 10 or 11, 12 minutes, a global perspective of World War I. We're going to keep it short and sweet and hopefully give you enough to kind of maybe light up your brain to recall some stuff or to learn at least some important vocabulary and the major flow of what happened in World War I so you can bang together an essay. And remember, always go to RegentsPrep.org or I have a great link on my website, hiphughes.blogspot.com, so you can check out some other ways of studying. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | World history, global history, not my specialty, but I can spew enough out for you to learn something. Today we're going to take a look at maybe 10 or 11, 12 minutes, a global perspective of World War I. We're going to keep it short and sweet and hopefully give you enough to kind of maybe light up your brain to recall some stuff or to learn at least some important vocabulary and the major flow of what happened in World War I so you can bang together an essay. And remember, always go to RegentsPrep.org or I have a great link on my website, hiphughes.blogspot.com, so you can check out some other ways of studying. But nevertheless, World War I in like 10 minutes. Here we go. The best way to remember the causes of World War I, World War I we're talking about 1914-15 to 1918-19, so it's about a four year war. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | And remember, always go to RegentsPrep.org or I have a great link on my website, hiphughes.blogspot.com, so you can check out some other ways of studying. But nevertheless, World War I in like 10 minutes. Here we go. The best way to remember the causes of World War I, World War I we're talking about 1914-15 to 1918-19, so it's about a four year war. Tens of millions of people are going to die in this war. It's a very hands-on, gritty, trench warfare, in-your-face war. I mean, you'd have 20,000 people die and they'd win 18 feet of land, so it's just nuts. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | The best way to remember the causes of World War I, World War I we're talking about 1914-15 to 1918-19, so it's about a four year war. Tens of millions of people are going to die in this war. It's a very hands-on, gritty, trench warfare, in-your-face war. I mean, you'd have 20,000 people die and they'd win 18 feet of land, so it's just nuts. But in terms of why it happened, there's a very easy kind of anagram to learn, a word where each letter means something. I don't even know if that's an anagram, maybe. But nevertheless, I always remember the main spark of World War I. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | I mean, you'd have 20,000 people die and they'd win 18 feet of land, so it's just nuts. But in terms of why it happened, there's a very easy kind of anagram to learn, a word where each letter means something. I don't even know if that's an anagram, maybe. But nevertheless, I always remember the main spark of World War I. And I know a lot of teachers use this technique, so you can hang your hat on it. It's a tried and true method. Main is going to be the word, and here we go, M-A-I-N, boom. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | But nevertheless, I always remember the main spark of World War I. And I know a lot of teachers use this technique, so you can hang your hat on it. It's a tried and true method. Main is going to be the word, and here we go, M-A-I-N, boom. Main stands for militarism. And what that means is, really in Europe there was a race to build weapons. And all the words are linked, so I'll say imperialism. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | Main is going to be the word, and here we go, M-A-I-N, boom. Main stands for militarism. And what that means is, really in Europe there was a race to build weapons. And all the words are linked, so I'll say imperialism. But as nations were spreading out, they needed armies and navies to compete with each other. So all of the nations of Europe, Austria and Germany and England and France and Italy, they're basically stockpiling. It's the difference between having a gang with no guns in town and five gangs with lots of guns. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | And all the words are linked, so I'll say imperialism. But as nations were spreading out, they needed armies and navies to compete with each other. So all of the nations of Europe, Austria and Germany and England and France and Italy, they're basically stockpiling. It's the difference between having a gang with no guns in town and five gangs with lots of guns. The more guns, the more potential for trouble. So M is for militarism. A is for the alliance system. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | It's the difference between having a gang with no guns in town and five gangs with lots of guns. The more guns, the more potential for trouble. So M is for militarism. A is for the alliance system. And what that meant is pretty much that alliance means when you hook up with somebody, like your friends. So alliance system meant that everybody in Europe was pretty much aligned with another country. It's like you have gangs, and that's the whole idea. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | A is for the alliance system. And what that meant is pretty much that alliance means when you hook up with somebody, like your friends. So alliance system meant that everybody in Europe was pretty much aligned with another country. It's like you have gangs, and that's the whole idea. It's that now you have gangs, and everybody's in a gang. So if I, you know, just use common sense here, guys. If I'm not in a gang, and I'm walking down the street, and someone punches me in the face, who do you have a fight with? |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | It's like you have gangs, and that's the whole idea. It's that now you have gangs, and everybody's in a gang. So if I, you know, just use common sense here, guys. If I'm not in a gang, and I'm walking down the street, and someone punches me in the face, who do you have a fight with? Me! You keep punching me in the face, probably. But if I'm in a gang, and you punch me in the face, now what's the problem? |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | If I'm not in a gang, and I'm walking down the street, and someone punches me in the face, who do you have a fight with? Me! You keep punching me in the face, probably. But if I'm in a gang, and you punch me in the face, now what's the problem? You might get away with punching me two more times tonight, but guess who's going to be at your house tomorrow? You don't want to see those guys. They're huge. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | But if I'm in a gang, and you punch me in the face, now what's the problem? You might get away with punching me two more times tonight, but guess who's going to be at your house tomorrow? You don't want to see those guys. They're huge. The problem is that when something does happen, it's like a domino thing, like a house of cards. I shouldn't say domino, because of the domino theory that's related to Vietnam and the Cold War. So it's like a house of cards. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | They're huge. The problem is that when something does happen, it's like a domino thing, like a house of cards. I shouldn't say domino, because of the domino theory that's related to Vietnam and the Cold War. So it's like a house of cards. The alliance system is all set up, and all you need to do is kind of noogie or pluck someone's head, and one card goes away, and the system comes a-crashin' down. I is for imperialism. I always have rubbed my belly when I think of imperialism, because it reminds me of the hunger that nations had for raw materials and new markets. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | So it's like a house of cards. The alliance system is all set up, and all you need to do is kind of noogie or pluck someone's head, and one card goes away, and the system comes a-crashin' down. I is for imperialism. I always have rubbed my belly when I think of imperialism, because it reminds me of the hunger that nations had for raw materials and new markets. I can also mean industrialization. Nations were building up factories and, you know, big businesses. In order to be a successful factory, let's say you're going to be a railroad factory. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | I always have rubbed my belly when I think of imperialism, because it reminds me of the hunger that nations had for raw materials and new markets. I can also mean industrialization. Nations were building up factories and, you know, big businesses. In order to be a successful factory, let's say you're going to be a railroad factory. I don't even know if there is such a thing. What do you need? Steel? |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | In order to be a successful factory, let's say you're going to be a railroad factory. I don't even know if there is such a thing. What do you need? Steel? Rubber? I don't know. You don't have rubber trees in Birmingham, England, so you need to go get that rubber. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | Steel? Rubber? I don't know. You don't have rubber trees in Birmingham, England, so you need to go get that rubber. But the problem is, everybody wants the rubber, so you have kind of this natural competition that has developed out of industrialization, causing countries to be hungry, to seek raw materials, new markets to sell things, as well as bases, like military bases, so they can go back and be strong militarily. Maine, militarism. The last word is nationalism. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | You don't have rubber trees in Birmingham, England, so you need to go get that rubber. But the problem is, everybody wants the rubber, so you have kind of this natural competition that has developed out of industrialization, causing countries to be hungry, to seek raw materials, new markets to sell things, as well as bases, like military bases, so they can go back and be strong militarily. Maine, militarism. The last word is nationalism. So I always bang on my chest when I think of nationalism, because it reminds me of the King Kong concept. Kind of like all of the nations in the world think that they're the bomb, you know. I'm the best man. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | The last word is nationalism. So I always bang on my chest when I think of nationalism, because it reminds me of the King Kong concept. Kind of like all of the nations in the world think that they're the bomb, you know. I'm the best man. It's like, I can't use this, people, because I might get in trouble, so I can't say that. You know who I'm talking about, someone with a big fat head. If you have a lot of people in a room and they all got big fat heads, you have more of a chance for a fight. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | I'm the best man. It's like, I can't use this, people, because I might get in trouble, so I can't say that. You know who I'm talking about, someone with a big fat head. If you have a lot of people in a room and they all got big fat heads, you have more of a chance for a fight. It's almost like militarism, alliance, imperialism, and nationalism are like the kindling of World War I. It's like I put all this little dry wood on a big kind of plate, you know, on the ground, and all I really need is like a spark, and then, ba-boom, it's going to go up in flames. The spark would be the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | If you have a lot of people in a room and they all got big fat heads, you have more of a chance for a fight. It's almost like militarism, alliance, imperialism, and nationalism are like the kindling of World War I. It's like I put all this little dry wood on a big kind of plate, you know, on the ground, and all I really need is like a spark, and then, ba-boom, it's going to go up in flames. The spark would be the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. And I won't go too much into the story, you might not want to know it, but basically Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated, I believe, by a Serbian. He was an Austrian prince, and I believe he was in Bosnia. And he was assassinated because of nationalism, because the Serbs didn't want to be part of it. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | The spark would be the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. And I won't go too much into the story, you might not want to know it, but basically Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated, I believe, by a Serbian. He was an Austrian prince, and I believe he was in Bosnia. And he was assassinated because of nationalism, because the Serbs didn't want to be part of it. It's complicated. But that one bullet that killed that one prince is what knocked those house of cards over. I don't know the exact order. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | And he was assassinated because of nationalism, because the Serbs didn't want to be part of it. It's complicated. But that one bullet that killed that one prince is what knocked those house of cards over. I don't know the exact order. I'll be honest with you, so I'll just make it up. But basically the idea is once the Serbian shot the Austrian, the Austrian declared war on the Serbian. And then the Serbian was friends with Russia, so Russia declared war on the Austrian. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | I don't know the exact order. I'll be honest with you, so I'll just make it up. But basically the idea is once the Serbian shot the Austrian, the Austrian declared war on the Serbian. And then the Serbian was friends with Russia, so Russia declared war on the Austrian. And then once he did that, Germany was friends with Austria, so Germany declared war on Russia. And then Germany was like, I'm sorry, England was like, you can't do that, you know, Russia, so I'm declaring war on you and your mama. And then basically you have World War I. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | And then the Serbian was friends with Russia, so Russia declared war on the Austrian. And then once he did that, Germany was friends with Austria, so Germany declared war on Russia. And then Germany was like, I'm sorry, England was like, you can't do that, you know, Russia, so I'm declaring war on you and your mama. And then basically you have World War I. The Great War is what it was called. It was for three or four years, huge trench warfare, hundreds, tens of millions of people dead, something like one-eighth of all French people, men were dead. And basically that war went on for a few years with no end in sight. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | And then basically you have World War I. The Great War is what it was called. It was for three or four years, huge trench warfare, hundreds, tens of millions of people dead, something like one-eighth of all French people, men were dead. And basically that war went on for a few years with no end in sight. And then as America got kind of wrapped up into that war, the sinking of the Lusitania, the Germans were using submarines like you wouldn't believe. They had really captured that technology. And they were blowing up ships that were coming from America because America was sending arms to, you know, England, the Allied powers. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | And basically that war went on for a few years with no end in sight. And then as America got kind of wrapped up into that war, the sinking of the Lusitania, the Germans were using submarines like you wouldn't believe. They had really captured that technology. And they were blowing up ships that were coming from America because America was sending arms to, you know, England, the Allied powers. The central powers are Austria, Germany, and Italy. So America was getting pissed because our citizens were being killed. So we basically said to Germany, if you keep doing that, you're going to have another enemy. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | And they were blowing up ships that were coming from America because America was sending arms to, you know, England, the Allied powers. The central powers are Austria, Germany, and Italy. So America was getting pissed because our citizens were being killed. So we basically said to Germany, if you keep doing that, you're going to have another enemy. The Zimmermann Note was when Germany contacted Mexico. They wanted to get Mexico to kind of sneak up and attack us to keep us out. That pissed us off. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | So we basically said to Germany, if you keep doing that, you're going to have another enemy. The Zimmermann Note was when Germany contacted Mexico. They wanted to get Mexico to kind of sneak up and attack us to keep us out. That pissed us off. So eventually the United States entered the war, like end of 1916, beginning of 1917, as Russia pulled out. Russia had the Communist Revolution, so they pulled out of the war, kind of leaving a hole, and we had to fill it. So, you know, the analogy is like we're going into a boxing match. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | That pissed us off. So eventually the United States entered the war, like end of 1916, beginning of 1917, as Russia pulled out. Russia had the Communist Revolution, so they pulled out of the war, kind of leaving a hole, and we had to fill it. So, you know, the analogy is like we're going into a boxing match. It's like the 15th round, and the guy's like on the ground bleeding. And here we come in, and we just had, you know, Gatorade and a workout, and we're ready to go. And we really won that war. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | So, you know, the analogy is like we're going into a boxing match. It's like the 15th round, and the guy's like on the ground bleeding. And here we come in, and we just had, you know, Gatorade and a workout, and we're ready to go. And we really won that war. At the end of the war, the effects of World War I, basically everybody wanted to punish Germany. So the Treaty of Versailles was written as a very punishing kind of thing, kind of kicking Germany when it's down. Almost if you think of a chair on the ground and everybody just whopping on a chair. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | And we really won that war. At the end of the war, the effects of World War I, basically everybody wanted to punish Germany. So the Treaty of Versailles was written as a very punishing kind of thing, kind of kicking Germany when it's down. Almost if you think of a chair on the ground and everybody just whopping on a chair. Germany was made to pay for the war. They took its land away. They humiliated it. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | Almost if you think of a chair on the ground and everybody just whopping on a chair. Germany was made to pay for the war. They took its land away. They humiliated it. Its nationalism was hurt. And the United States tried to not let that happen. Woodrow Wilson was president of the United States, and he came to Europe with 14 points, 14 ideas that would avoid this situation again. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | They humiliated it. Its nationalism was hurt. And the United States tried to not let that happen. Woodrow Wilson was president of the United States, and he came to Europe with 14 points, 14 ideas that would avoid this situation again. One of them was the League of Nations, kind of a family of countries around the world where we could settle disputes before they got to war status. All of his other ideas were pretty much rejected, self-determination and freedom of the seas. But even Woodrow Wilson, who came up with the idea, couldn't get the United States to join the League of Nations. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | Woodrow Wilson was president of the United States, and he came to Europe with 14 points, 14 ideas that would avoid this situation again. One of them was the League of Nations, kind of a family of countries around the world where we could settle disputes before they got to war status. All of his other ideas were pretty much rejected, self-determination and freedom of the seas. But even Woodrow Wilson, who came up with the idea, couldn't get the United States to join the League of Nations. It was rejected by the United States Senate, and the United States retreated back to isolationism. And the League of Nations couldn't be a success really without us. So the consequence of World War I, you want an effect? |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | But even Woodrow Wilson, who came up with the idea, couldn't get the United States to join the League of Nations. It was rejected by the United States Senate, and the United States retreated back to isolationism. And the League of Nations couldn't be a success really without us. So the consequence of World War I, you want an effect? World War II, there you go. That Treaty of Versailles became what Hitler stood upon and led his nation through totalitarianism, fascism, and anti-Semitism into World War II, the Holocaust, and all of that awful genocidal war that's going to occur later on. So I think that's enough. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | So the consequence of World War I, you want an effect? World War II, there you go. That Treaty of Versailles became what Hitler stood upon and led his nation through totalitarianism, fascism, and anti-Semitism into World War II, the Holocaust, and all of that awful genocidal war that's going to occur later on. So I think that's enough. I hope you got it. Basic concepts, the central powers are Austria, Germany, and Italy. The allied powers are basically England, France, and the United States. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | So I think that's enough. I hope you got it. Basic concepts, the central powers are Austria, Germany, and Italy. The allied powers are basically England, France, and the United States. And you should know the main spark. Can you do it? I'll give you a hand signal and see if you can do it. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | The allied powers are basically England, France, and the United States. And you should know the main spark. Can you do it? I'll give you a hand signal and see if you can do it. Military, oh, I blew it. I take that back. M, how did you know it was militarism? |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | I'll give you a hand signal and see if you can do it. Military, oh, I blew it. I take that back. M, how did you know it was militarism? A, alliance system. I, imperialism, industrialization also being related. N, nationalism. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | M, how did you know it was militarism? A, alliance system. I, imperialism, industrialization also being related. N, nationalism. Spark, assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. Alright guys, so where attention goes, energy flows. Do your best to give yourself authentic attention over to whatever you're learning. |
World Global Review WWI in Ten Minutes.m4a | N, nationalism. Spark, assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. Alright guys, so where attention goes, energy flows. Do your best to give yourself authentic attention over to whatever you're learning. You would never play football 80%, you would never play guitar 70%, and you would never run a race 30%, unless you didn't want to win. You want to win? Pay attention 100%. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | As we've talked about in multiple videos, some of the earliest civilizations we have found have been around river valleys. And that is no coincidence because some of the first agriculture emerged around river valleys, and the agriculture supported higher population densities and more sedentary populations and allowed for more specialization. And we have talked about several of these, the ancient Egyptians around the Nile River, the ancient Mesopotamians around the Tigris and Euphrates. And now we're gonna talk about the ancient civilization around the Indus River. The Indus River runs mostly in modern day Pakistan. And that's why it's called the Indus Valley Civilization. Indus Valley Civilization. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | And now we're gonna talk about the ancient civilization around the Indus River. The Indus River runs mostly in modern day Pakistan. And that's why it's called the Indus Valley Civilization. Indus Valley Civilization. Civilization. It's also sometimes referred to as the Harappan Civilization which was the first site where they found evidence of this fairly extensive civilization. Now to get ourselves acquainted in time, this shows when archeologists, historians consider to be the main part of the Harappan Civilization. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | Indus Valley Civilization. Civilization. It's also sometimes referred to as the Harappan Civilization which was the first site where they found evidence of this fairly extensive civilization. Now to get ourselves acquainted in time, this shows when archeologists, historians consider to be the main part of the Harappan Civilization. There's evidence that people had basic villages, civilizations, agriculture here as far back as 7,000 BCE. And that's just based on the evidence we have today. But when people refer to the Indus Valley Civilization in particular, they're usually starting around 3,300 BCE. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | Now to get ourselves acquainted in time, this shows when archeologists, historians consider to be the main part of the Harappan Civilization. There's evidence that people had basic villages, civilizations, agriculture here as far back as 7,000 BCE. And that's just based on the evidence we have today. But when people refer to the Indus Valley Civilization in particular, they're usually starting around 3,300 BCE. And in orange right over here, this is the early period. Or you could say the early Indus Valley Civilization. Now some of the biggest structures and pieces of technology that have been discovered have been right over here which is often referred to as the mature, mature period for the Indus Valley Civilization. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | But when people refer to the Indus Valley Civilization in particular, they're usually starting around 3,300 BCE. And in orange right over here, this is the early period. Or you could say the early Indus Valley Civilization. Now some of the biggest structures and pieces of technology that have been discovered have been right over here which is often referred to as the mature, mature period for the Indus Valley Civilization. And then it goes into decline. We'll talk about why it might have gone into decline although we're not really sure. And this is called the late. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | Now some of the biggest structures and pieces of technology that have been discovered have been right over here which is often referred to as the mature, mature period for the Indus Valley Civilization. And then it goes into decline. We'll talk about why it might have gone into decline although we're not really sure. And this is called the late. Now to put it in context relative to these other civilizations, remember the ancient Sumerians were starting to be quite, I guess you could say civilized by about this period. You start having a lot of intermingling between the Akkadians and the Sumerians. As you get into the late third millennium, that's when you have the empire of Sargon the Great, the Akkadian Empire. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | And this is called the late. Now to put it in context relative to these other civilizations, remember the ancient Sumerians were starting to be quite, I guess you could say civilized by about this period. You start having a lot of intermingling between the Akkadians and the Sumerians. As you get into the late third millennium, that's when you have the empire of Sargon the Great, the Akkadian Empire. As you get to the end of this mature period right over here, this is close to or around the time of Hammurabi, the Babylonian Empire. And in Egypt, if you go back to around 2500, around this time, that's when the pyramids were built. And you have the Egyptian kings, these god kings, that were ruling for most of this period right over here. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | As you get into the late third millennium, that's when you have the empire of Sargon the Great, the Akkadian Empire. As you get to the end of this mature period right over here, this is close to or around the time of Hammurabi, the Babylonian Empire. And in Egypt, if you go back to around 2500, around this time, that's when the pyramids were built. And you have the Egyptian kings, these god kings, that were ruling for most of this period right over here. And as we'll see, there was actually, we believe, a good bit of cultural interchange between these significant civilizations. Now just to appreciate how extensive this Indus Valley civilization was, I will show you this map. And this map, it's a zoomed in of that region around the Indus Valley that I just showed you. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | And you have the Egyptian kings, these god kings, that were ruling for most of this period right over here. And as we'll see, there was actually, we believe, a good bit of cultural interchange between these significant civilizations. Now just to appreciate how extensive this Indus Valley civilization was, I will show you this map. And this map, it's a zoomed in of that region around the Indus Valley that I just showed you. This is a map of most of Pakistan here. And these red squares are places where they have found evidence of this civilization. The first place was Harappa, right over here, the Punjab region of Pakistan. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | And this map, it's a zoomed in of that region around the Indus Valley that I just showed you. This is a map of most of Pakistan here. And these red squares are places where they have found evidence of this civilization. The first place was Harappa, right over here, the Punjab region of Pakistan. And that's why it's called the Harappan civilization. But as you can see, it's much more than just around Harappa. The largest site is at Mohenjo-daro, right over here in the Sindh region of Pakistan. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | The first place was Harappa, right over here, the Punjab region of Pakistan. And that's why it's called the Harappan civilization. But as you can see, it's much more than just around Harappa. The largest site is at Mohenjo-daro, right over here in the Sindh region of Pakistan. And it's believed that as many as 40,000 people lived in that city that we now, or that site, that we now call Mohenjo-daro. And so far, we have discovered over 1,000 sites in this area and we believe that as many as five million people might have been part of this civilization. Now the reason why we think it is a civilization and not, and let me actually keep scrolling around so you appreciate the extent of it. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | The largest site is at Mohenjo-daro, right over here in the Sindh region of Pakistan. And it's believed that as many as 40,000 people lived in that city that we now, or that site, that we now call Mohenjo-daro. And so far, we have discovered over 1,000 sites in this area and we believe that as many as five million people might have been part of this civilization. Now the reason why we think it is a civilization and not, and let me actually keep scrolling around so you appreciate the extent of it. There are sites in mainly, many in Pakistan that you see here. There's also quite a few in modern day, modern day India, right over here. So it's an extensive network of these sites. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | Now the reason why we think it is a civilization and not, and let me actually keep scrolling around so you appreciate the extent of it. There are sites in mainly, many in Pakistan that you see here. There's also quite a few in modern day, modern day India, right over here. So it's an extensive network of these sites. And the reason why we think it's one civilization or at least a connected culture is that you find a lot of standardization. You find standardization in their weights and measures. In fact, they have a unit of measurement that's as small as 1.6 millimeters. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | So it's an extensive network of these sites. And the reason why we think it's one civilization or at least a connected culture is that you find a lot of standardization. You find standardization in their weights and measures. In fact, they have a unit of measurement that's as small as 1.6 millimeters. And the reason why that's important is you wouldn't create a unit of measurement of 1.6 millimeters unless you knew how to use something, unless you know how to make things that precise. And one of the things that they made that precise are things like their structures. They had these standard bricks and this brick size and many of these symbols that they used were found throughout these sites. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | In fact, they have a unit of measurement that's as small as 1.6 millimeters. And the reason why that's important is you wouldn't create a unit of measurement of 1.6 millimeters unless you knew how to use something, unless you know how to make things that precise. And one of the things that they made that precise are things like their structures. They had these standard bricks and this brick size and many of these symbols that they used were found throughout these sites. We said, we don't know whether they were controlled by one ruler or one emperor, but there was definitely a lot of cultural interchange to the point that they were using the same size bricks, they were using the same symbols, they were using the same units of measurement. And also, as you can imagine, having a unit of measurement that precise, that small, implies that they were great builders. And the evidence we find today says yes, they were. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | They had these standard bricks and this brick size and many of these symbols that they used were found throughout these sites. We said, we don't know whether they were controlled by one ruler or one emperor, but there was definitely a lot of cultural interchange to the point that they were using the same size bricks, they were using the same symbols, they were using the same units of measurement. And also, as you can imagine, having a unit of measurement that precise, that small, implies that they were great builders. And the evidence we find today says yes, they were. This is a picture of the site at Mohenjo-Daro in modern-day Sindh, Pakistan. And you can see how tight this brickwork is. Even by modern standards, this is quite good. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | And the evidence we find today says yes, they were. This is a picture of the site at Mohenjo-Daro in modern-day Sindh, Pakistan. And you can see how tight this brickwork is. Even by modern standards, this is quite good. You need to think how many things we would build would last 5,000 years in this good, being exposed to the environment. So they think this was a public bath. You see a citadel in the background. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | Even by modern standards, this is quite good. You need to think how many things we would build would last 5,000 years in this good, being exposed to the environment. So they think this was a public bath. You see a citadel in the background. We've discovered defensive structures. Perhaps most impressively, or most impressive, there's sewage systems. They think houses had wells, water. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | You see a citadel in the background. We've discovered defensive structures. Perhaps most impressively, or most impressive, there's sewage systems. They think houses had wells, water. So this was a technologically advanced civilization, especially for that time. In many ways, more advanced than the other civilizations, the contemporary civilizations that we had talked about. Here's some examples of their sculpture or of their art. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | They think houses had wells, water. So this was a technologically advanced civilization, especially for that time. In many ways, more advanced than the other civilizations, the contemporary civilizations that we had talked about. Here's some examples of their sculpture or of their art. This one right over here is a picture. It's called Dancing Girl, but she's not dancing, but they think that might be her profession. But once again, it's all speculation by archeologists today. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | Here's some examples of their sculpture or of their art. This one right over here is a picture. It's called Dancing Girl, but she's not dancing, but they think that might be her profession. But once again, it's all speculation by archeologists today. This, they believe, is called Priest King. Once again, it's all speculation. This is an example of the types of seals they made. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | But once again, it's all speculation by archeologists today. This, they believe, is called Priest King. Once again, it's all speculation. This is an example of the types of seals they made. This is their jewelry. Once again, this is quite intricate jewelry. And this jewelry was not just discovered in archeological digs in these various sites. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | This is an example of the types of seals they made. This is their jewelry. Once again, this is quite intricate jewelry. And this jewelry was not just discovered in archeological digs in these various sites. There's evidence of their jewelry as far as Mesopotamia and digs there. And they believe that there was actually a very active maritime trade network between these areas. There's jewelry discovered in these Indus Valley civilizations that were based on shells from the Arabian Peninsula. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | And this jewelry was not just discovered in archeological digs in these various sites. There's evidence of their jewelry as far as Mesopotamia and digs there. And they believe that there was actually a very active maritime trade network between these areas. There's jewelry discovered in these Indus Valley civilizations that were based on shells from the Arabian Peninsula. They have materials from China, so there's materials from other parts of India. So once again, a very, very extensive trade network. These civilizations would have known about them. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | There's jewelry discovered in these Indus Valley civilizations that were based on shells from the Arabian Peninsula. They have materials from China, so there's materials from other parts of India. So once again, a very, very extensive trade network. These civilizations would have known about them. But as we said, they were extremely, they seemed somewhat organized. Even though we can't read their writing, in fact, I have some examples of their writing here. And you might notice, so this is examples of their writing. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | These civilizations would have known about them. But as we said, they were extremely, they seemed somewhat organized. Even though we can't read their writing, in fact, I have some examples of their writing here. And you might notice, so this is examples of their writing. And you might notice there, this is turned into a somewhat infamous symbol now because of the Nazis. This is a swastika. But the swastika was one of the symbols they used. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | And you might notice, so this is examples of their writing. And you might notice there, this is turned into a somewhat infamous symbol now because of the Nazis. This is a swastika. But the swastika was one of the symbols they used. It's a symbol in Hinduism. It's considered a symbol of good luck. It's something that the Nazis kind of usurped and turned it into a very negative thing. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | But the swastika was one of the symbols they used. It's a symbol in Hinduism. It's considered a symbol of good luck. It's something that the Nazis kind of usurped and turned it into a very negative thing. But it does show this connection between that Indus Valley or that Harappan civilization and modern cultures that are in India and things like the Hindu religion. Although once again, we do not know a ton about their religion because their language hasn't survived and we cannot decipher their actual writing. But because of their organization and the consistency, relative consistency amongst these different sites that are so far flung, this is a large distance even on modern terms, but especially if we're talking about four or 5,000 years ago. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | It's something that the Nazis kind of usurped and turned it into a very negative thing. But it does show this connection between that Indus Valley or that Harappan civilization and modern cultures that are in India and things like the Hindu religion. Although once again, we do not know a ton about their religion because their language hasn't survived and we cannot decipher their actual writing. But because of their organization and the consistency, relative consistency amongst these different sites that are so far flung, this is a large distance even on modern terms, but especially if we're talking about four or 5,000 years ago. Because of that, we think that, okay, there must have been at least decent government, administration, or organization at a city-state level, although we're unsure whether there was a connected empire, whether you had an organization beyond that or they all just decided to take each other's standards and symbols and brick sizes and things like that. Now, one of the key mysteries of the Indus Valley civilization is why did it end? It seemed to be this thriving civilization, perhaps the most extensive one. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | But because of their organization and the consistency, relative consistency amongst these different sites that are so far flung, this is a large distance even on modern terms, but especially if we're talking about four or 5,000 years ago. Because of that, we think that, okay, there must have been at least decent government, administration, or organization at a city-state level, although we're unsure whether there was a connected empire, whether you had an organization beyond that or they all just decided to take each other's standards and symbols and brick sizes and things like that. Now, one of the key mysteries of the Indus Valley civilization is why did it end? It seemed to be this thriving civilization, perhaps the most extensive one. In other videos I talk about right now, the oldest wheel was discovered in Mesopotamia, but some people think that the wheel might have been used even earlier in the Indus Valley civilization. I talk about this period as early as 3300 BCE, but there's evidence that the civilization started much earlier. In the site right over here in Merger, right over here in Pakistan, they think that humans were having simple villages and agriculture as early, there's evidence as early as 7,000 BCE. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | It seemed to be this thriving civilization, perhaps the most extensive one. In other videos I talk about right now, the oldest wheel was discovered in Mesopotamia, but some people think that the wheel might have been used even earlier in the Indus Valley civilization. I talk about this period as early as 3300 BCE, but there's evidence that the civilization started much earlier. In the site right over here in Merger, right over here in Pakistan, they think that humans were having simple villages and agriculture as early, there's evidence as early as 7,000 BCE. And that site was discovered just in 1974. We might discover things that take us even further in the past. And when you have a civilization that was around for so long, if there were people there as early as 7,000 BCE, we're talking about it was there for thousands of years, but all of a sudden it starts to decline. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | In the site right over here in Merger, right over here in Pakistan, they think that humans were having simple villages and agriculture as early, there's evidence as early as 7,000 BCE. And that site was discovered just in 1974. We might discover things that take us even further in the past. And when you have a civilization that was around for so long, if there were people there as early as 7,000 BCE, we're talking about it was there for thousands of years, but all of a sudden it starts to decline. There's evidence of less and less trade going on, less and less sophistication, and then it ends. And it's one of the mysteries of history, of archeology today. Why did this Indus Valley civilization end? |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | And when you have a civilization that was around for so long, if there were people there as early as 7,000 BCE, we're talking about it was there for thousands of years, but all of a sudden it starts to decline. There's evidence of less and less trade going on, less and less sophistication, and then it ends. And it's one of the mysteries of history, of archeology today. Why did this Indus Valley civilization end? Some of the older theories was maybe it was a foreign invasion, maybe some of the ancestors of the modern Indians invaded, and maybe they assimilated it somehow. More current theories don't think that was the case. They think it might be some form of climate change that some of the important rivers dried up, made the agriculture much harder. |
Indus Valley Civilization Early Civilizations World History Khan Academy.m4a | Why did this Indus Valley civilization end? Some of the older theories was maybe it was a foreign invasion, maybe some of the ancestors of the modern Indians invaded, and maybe they assimilated it somehow. More current theories don't think that was the case. They think it might be some form of climate change that some of the important rivers dried up, made the agriculture much harder. Some people think it might have been a natural disaster, it might have been a flood of some kind, but we just don't know. Or the people, for some reason, decided to leave, die, migrate to maybe other parts of the region. But needless to say, it was a significant civilization, and we're just scratching the surface of what we know about it. |
Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire.m4a | It is the year 1200 and the world is about to change in dramatic fashion. Let's just give ourselves a little bit of context of what the world looks like. The kings of Western Europe are caught up in the Crusades. In the year 1200, the third crusade has just ended and is mildly successful, but Jerusalem is still in control of the Muslims. The Byzantine Empire, what's left of the true Roman Empire, is on the decline, losing more and more territory to the Turks. In the Middle East and Persia, you have the golden age of Islam. The Abbasid Caliphate is still around, although it has now been fragmented into many different Muslim empires. |
Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire.m4a | In the year 1200, the third crusade has just ended and is mildly successful, but Jerusalem is still in control of the Muslims. The Byzantine Empire, what's left of the true Roman Empire, is on the decline, losing more and more territory to the Turks. In the Middle East and Persia, you have the golden age of Islam. The Abbasid Caliphate is still around, although it has now been fragmented into many different Muslim empires. Modern day North India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan is under control of the Ghurid Sultanate, with the rest of India being divided amongst various Hindu kingdoms. In the East, in other videos, we study the Song Dynasty, which is one of the really high points of Chinese civilization, although they're suspicious of their northern neighbors. But in the midst of all of this, it ends up being a nomadic people that we really haven't talked a lot about in our survey of world history, that become the main catalyst for change over the next several hundred years. |
Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire.m4a | The Abbasid Caliphate is still around, although it has now been fragmented into many different Muslim empires. Modern day North India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan is under control of the Ghurid Sultanate, with the rest of India being divided amongst various Hindu kingdoms. In the East, in other videos, we study the Song Dynasty, which is one of the really high points of Chinese civilization, although they're suspicious of their northern neighbors. But in the midst of all of this, it ends up being a nomadic people that we really haven't talked a lot about in our survey of world history, that become the main catalyst for change over the next several hundred years. And that is the Mongols. So let's move forward to the year 1206. In the late 12th and early 13th centuries, you have a leader by the name of Timujin arise in Mongolia. |
Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire.m4a | But in the midst of all of this, it ends up being a nomadic people that we really haven't talked a lot about in our survey of world history, that become the main catalyst for change over the next several hundred years. And that is the Mongols. So let's move forward to the year 1206. In the late 12th and early 13th centuries, you have a leader by the name of Timujin arise in Mongolia. And he's able to unite the various nomadic tribes and declares in 1206 a Mongol Empire, you see here in this yellow color. He is eventually called Genghis or Genghis Khan, the Great Khan, the Great Ruler, or the Universal Ruler. Now even though the Mongols were not a focus point of world history up until this point, they did have several very significant things going for them at this point in history. |
Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire.m4a | In the late 12th and early 13th centuries, you have a leader by the name of Timujin arise in Mongolia. And he's able to unite the various nomadic tribes and declares in 1206 a Mongol Empire, you see here in this yellow color. He is eventually called Genghis or Genghis Khan, the Great Khan, the Great Ruler, or the Universal Ruler. Now even though the Mongols were not a focus point of world history up until this point, they did have several very significant things going for them at this point in history. As nomadic tribes of herders, they were excellent horsemen, and they were also excellent archers, capable of shooting an arrow in any direction while riding a horse. So as a military, they were incredibly nimble, they were incredibly fast, they were incredibly brutal, but they were also incredibly adaptable. As they conquered more and more people, they learned from them. |
Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire.m4a | Now even though the Mongols were not a focus point of world history up until this point, they did have several very significant things going for them at this point in history. As nomadic tribes of herders, they were excellent horsemen, and they were also excellent archers, capable of shooting an arrow in any direction while riding a horse. So as a military, they were incredibly nimble, they were incredibly fast, they were incredibly brutal, but they were also incredibly adaptable. As they conquered more and more people, they learned from them. And by the time of Genghis Khan's death in 1227, they had conquered much of northern Asia. And the Mongols will continue on. Within half a century of Genghis Khan's death, they will have conquered not just northern Asia. |
Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire.m4a | As they conquered more and more people, they learned from them. And by the time of Genghis Khan's death in 1227, they had conquered much of northern Asia. And the Mongols will continue on. Within half a century of Genghis Khan's death, they will have conquered not just northern Asia. When they capture Baghdad, many historians consider this the end of the Islamic Golden Age. As much pressure as the Western Europeans were putting on the Turks during their crusades, it was actually the Mongol threat that was much more significant. Before fragmenting, it is the largest contiguous empire in world history. |
Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire.m4a | Within half a century of Genghis Khan's death, they will have conquered not just northern Asia. When they capture Baghdad, many historians consider this the end of the Islamic Golden Age. As much pressure as the Western Europeans were putting on the Turks during their crusades, it was actually the Mongol threat that was much more significant. Before fragmenting, it is the largest contiguous empire in world history. I use the word contiguous because the British Empire actually covers more land, as we'll see, a few hundred years later. But the Mongolian Empire, all of the land was connected. It was contiguous. |
Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire.m4a | Before fragmenting, it is the largest contiguous empire in world history. I use the word contiguous because the British Empire actually covers more land, as we'll see, a few hundred years later. But the Mongolian Empire, all of the land was connected. It was contiguous. But as you can see from this drawing, they began to fragment into what's referred to as multiple khanates that become more and more independent in the second half of the 13th century. As we get into the 14th century, we can see that it is now fragmented into multiple, still very significant empires. In the east, you have Kublai Khan's Wan Dynasty controlling modern day Mongolia and China, reemphasizing the importance of Buddhism until they eventually get reconquered by the Ming Dynasty. |
Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire.m4a | It was contiguous. But as you can see from this drawing, they began to fragment into what's referred to as multiple khanates that become more and more independent in the second half of the 13th century. As we get into the 14th century, we can see that it is now fragmented into multiple, still very significant empires. In the east, you have Kublai Khan's Wan Dynasty controlling modern day Mongolia and China, reemphasizing the importance of Buddhism until they eventually get reconquered by the Ming Dynasty. In Central Asia, you have the Chagatai Khanate. In Northwest Asia and Eastern Europe, getting as far as Poland, you have the Golden Horde. And in Persia and the Caucasus, you have the Il Khanate, which you can view as a subordinate khanate but is now independent. |
Introduction to the Vedic Period World History Khan Academy.m4a | The first civilization that we have evidence of around modern day India and Pakistan is the Indus Valley Civilization. And it's right around the Indus River in modern day Pakistan and northwest India. And in other videos we talk about how it really comes into being in the third millennium BCE and as we enter into the second millennium BCE it starts to decline. And we don't know exactly why it declined. Might have been climate change, drying up of a river, might have been a natural disaster, it might have been an influence of other peoples. And what we're gonna talk about in this video is the next significant period in the history of South Asia. And it involves the migration or the introduction of another group of people, we believe another group of people, and that's the Indo-Aryans. |
Introduction to the Vedic Period World History Khan Academy.m4a | And we don't know exactly why it declined. Might have been climate change, drying up of a river, might have been a natural disaster, it might have been an influence of other peoples. And what we're gonna talk about in this video is the next significant period in the history of South Asia. And it involves the migration or the introduction of another group of people, we believe another group of people, and that's the Indo-Aryans. Let me write this down. Indo-Aryans, sometimes referred to as just the Aryans, who we believe began to migrate into modern day Pakistan and northwest India at right about the same time that the Indus Valley Civilization was declining. And some historians actually believe, well maybe the Indus Valley Civilization declined because of them. |
Introduction to the Vedic Period World History Khan Academy.m4a | And it involves the migration or the introduction of another group of people, we believe another group of people, and that's the Indo-Aryans. Let me write this down. Indo-Aryans, sometimes referred to as just the Aryans, who we believe began to migrate into modern day Pakistan and northwest India at right about the same time that the Indus Valley Civilization was declining. And some historians actually believe, well maybe the Indus Valley Civilization declined because of them. Maybe it was some type of an invasion, although that theory is not as widely held anymore. Some folks believe that the Indus Valley Civilization and this Indo-Aryan migration somehow merged. But this period that we're talking about with the migration of these Indo-Aryans, this is called the Vedic period, or the Vedic period. |
Introduction to the Vedic Period World History Khan Academy.m4a | And some historians actually believe, well maybe the Indus Valley Civilization declined because of them. Maybe it was some type of an invasion, although that theory is not as widely held anymore. Some folks believe that the Indus Valley Civilization and this Indo-Aryan migration somehow merged. But this period that we're talking about with the migration of these Indo-Aryans, this is called the Vedic period, or the Vedic period. And it's called the Vedic period because we learn about it from a collection of literary works that we get from that time. Most famously, the Vedas. And Veda comes from Sanskrit, and Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas. |
Introduction to the Vedic Period World History Khan Academy.m4a | But this period that we're talking about with the migration of these Indo-Aryans, this is called the Vedic period, or the Vedic period. And it's called the Vedic period because we learn about it from a collection of literary works that we get from that time. Most famously, the Vedas. And Veda comes from Sanskrit, and Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas. Vedas in Sanskrit means knowledge. And they're the foundation of, one, what we know about the Vedic period, but they're also the foundation of modern Indian culture and religion. Now the primary pieces of the Vedas are the Rig Veda, the Yajur Veda, the Sama Veda, and the Atharva Veda. |
Introduction to the Vedic Period World History Khan Academy.m4a | And Veda comes from Sanskrit, and Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas. Vedas in Sanskrit means knowledge. And they're the foundation of, one, what we know about the Vedic period, but they're also the foundation of modern Indian culture and religion. Now the primary pieces of the Vedas are the Rig Veda, the Yajur Veda, the Sama Veda, and the Atharva Veda. And the Rig Veda in particular is considered the oldest of the Vedas. It's believed that it was composed around the early part of that Vedic period, between maybe 1500 BCE and around 1200 BCE. So we're talking over, we're talking between 3,000 and 3,500 years ago. |
Introduction to the Vedic Period World History Khan Academy.m4a | Now the primary pieces of the Vedas are the Rig Veda, the Yajur Veda, the Sama Veda, and the Atharva Veda. And the Rig Veda in particular is considered the oldest of the Vedas. It's believed that it was composed around the early part of that Vedic period, between maybe 1500 BCE and around 1200 BCE. So we're talking over, we're talking between 3,000 and 3,500 years ago. While these three Vedas, we believe, were composed later. Now these Indo-Aryans, it's believed, were essentially pastoralists. They were cattle herders, perhaps nomadic. |
Introduction to the Vedic Period World History Khan Academy.m4a | So we're talking over, we're talking between 3,000 and 3,500 years ago. While these three Vedas, we believe, were composed later. Now these Indo-Aryans, it's believed, were essentially pastoralists. They were cattle herders, perhaps nomadic. But as they began to settle, not just the Indus River Valley, they actually began to settle the entire Gangetic Plain, which would include this area, which would be northeast India, as well as countries like Bangladesh. The Indus and the Ganges are two of the most significant rivers in India. But as they started to settle the Gangetic Plain, they also became more traditional farmers. |
Introduction to the Vedic Period World History Khan Academy.m4a | They were cattle herders, perhaps nomadic. But as they began to settle, not just the Indus River Valley, they actually began to settle the entire Gangetic Plain, which would include this area, which would be northeast India, as well as countries like Bangladesh. The Indus and the Ganges are two of the most significant rivers in India. But as they started to settle the Gangetic Plain, they also became more traditional farmers. And so in this green here, I've highlighted when they became more farmers and started to have more settled kingdoms, or we believe started to have more settled kingdoms. And other significant Hindu epics, we believe the events of them were happened around that late Vedic period, the events of the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. Now the Vedas and these epic poems were originally orally transmitted, but then later, either in the late Vedic period or after the Vedic period, was when they were actually written down. |
Introduction to the Vedic Period World History Khan Academy.m4a | But as they started to settle the Gangetic Plain, they also became more traditional farmers. And so in this green here, I've highlighted when they became more farmers and started to have more settled kingdoms, or we believe started to have more settled kingdoms. And other significant Hindu epics, we believe the events of them were happened around that late Vedic period, the events of the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. Now the Vedas and these epic poems were originally orally transmitted, but then later, either in the late Vedic period or after the Vedic period, was when they were actually written down. And just so you have some context here, Sanskrit is considered one of the oldest Indo-European languages we have. And I'll talk more about Indo-European languages in a little bit, because it turns out that Sanskrit is related to European languages, like Greek and Latin, and even Germanic languages. And Sanskrit's one of the oldest alongside Mycenaean Greek and the Hittite language. |
Introduction to the Vedic Period World History Khan Academy.m4a | Now the Vedas and these epic poems were originally orally transmitted, but then later, either in the late Vedic period or after the Vedic period, was when they were actually written down. And just so you have some context here, Sanskrit is considered one of the oldest Indo-European languages we have. And I'll talk more about Indo-European languages in a little bit, because it turns out that Sanskrit is related to European languages, like Greek and Latin, and even Germanic languages. And Sanskrit's one of the oldest alongside Mycenaean Greek and the Hittite language. And those were all contemporary civilizations of around this period right over here, in the second millennium BCE. And just so you have context, Siddhartha Gautama Buddha, his life was in one of these Vedic kingdoms in the northeast of India. Now, as I mentioned, the Vedas laid the foundation for much of what we consider to be modern-day India. |
Introduction to the Vedic Period World History Khan Academy.m4a | And Sanskrit's one of the oldest alongside Mycenaean Greek and the Hittite language. And those were all contemporary civilizations of around this period right over here, in the second millennium BCE. And just so you have context, Siddhartha Gautama Buddha, his life was in one of these Vedic kingdoms in the northeast of India. Now, as I mentioned, the Vedas laid the foundation for much of what we consider to be modern-day India. In fact, the first reference, documented reference to the Indus River, we have from the Vedas. The Indus Valley civilization, we haven't been able to decipher their writing. They didn't write down the word Indus. |