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Notes and References |
Chapter 9: Insiders and outsiders |
Figures on refugee numbers are taken from New Internationalist, September |
1991, pp. 18-19. The United Nations High Commission for |
Refugees also publishes estimates of refugee numbers, in terms of its |
own narrow definition of a refugee, and of numbers resettled. |
Michael Walzer's views are presented in his Spheres of Justice (New |
York, 1983), pp. 9-22. |
The account of the visit to the refugee camp in the section 'The |
Fallacy of the Current Approach' comes from Rossi van der Borch, |
'Impressions of a Refugee Camp', quoted in Asia Bureau Australia Newsletter, |
no. 85 (October-December 1986). |
Michael Gibney (ed.), Open Borders? Closed Societies? (New York |
1988), is a valuable collection of essays on ethical and political aspects |
of the refugee issue. |
Chapter 10: The environment |
On the proposal to dam the Franklin River in southwest Tasmania, |
see James McQueen, The Franklin: Not Just a River (Ringwood, Victoria, |
1983). |
The first quotation in 'The Western Tradition' is from Genesis 1 :24- |
8 and the second from Genesis 9: 1-3. For attempts to soften the message |
of these passages, see, for instance, Robin Attfield, The Ethics of |
Environmental Concern (Oxford, 1983); and Andrew Linzey Christianity |
and the Rights of Animals (London 1987). The quotation from Paul |
comes from Corinthians 9:9-10, and that from Augustine is from his |
The Catholic and Manichean Ways of Life, trans. D. A. Gallagher and I. |
J. Gallagher (Boston, 1966), p. 102. For the cursing of the fig tree, see |
Mark 11:12-22, and for the drowning of the pigs, Mark 5:1-13. The |
passage from Aristotle is to be found in Politics (London, 1916), p. 16; |
for the views of Aquinas, see Summa Theologica, 1, ii, Question 64, |
article 1; 1, ii, Question 72, article 4. |
For details on the alternative Christian thinkers, see Keith Thomas, |
Man and the Natural World (London, 1983), pp. 152-3; and Attfield, |
The Ethics of Environmental Concern. |
For further information on the effects of global warming, see Lester |
Brown and others, State of the World 1990, Worldwatch Institute (Washington, |
D.C., 1990). The information on the effects of rising sea levels |
comes from Jodi 1. Jacobson's 'Holding Back the Sea' in that volume; |
she in tum draws on John D. Milliman and others, 'Environmental |
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Notes and References |
and Economic Implications of Rising Sea Level and Subsiding Deltas: |
The Nile and Bengal Examples', Ambio, vol. 18 (1989): 6; and United |
Nations Environment Program, Criteria for Assessing Vulnerability to SeaLevel |
Rise: A Global Inventory to High Risk Areas (Delft, Netherlands, |
1989). The quotations from Bill McKibben's The End of Nature (New |
York, 1989) are from pp. 58 and 60 of that book. |
Albert Schweitzer's most complete statement of his ethical stance is |
Civilisation and Ethics (Part 2 of The Philosophy of Civilisation), 2d ed., |
trans. C. T. Campion (London, 1929). The quotation is from pp. 246- |
7. The quotations from Paul Taylor's Respectfor Nature (Princeton, 1986) |
are from pp. 45 and 128. For a critique of Taylor, see Gerald Paske: |
'The Life Principle: A (Metaethical) Rejection', Journal of Applied Philosophy, |
vol. 6 (1989). |
A. Leopold's proposal for a 'land ethic' can be found in his A Sand |
County Almanac, with Essays on Conservation from Round River (New York, |
1970; first published 1949,1953); the passages quoted are from pp. 238 |
and 262. The classic text for the distinction between shallow and deep |
ecology is very brief: A. Naess, 'The Shallow and the Deep, LongRange |
Ecology Movement', Inquiry, vol. 16 (1973): 95-100. For later |
works on deep ecology, see, for example, A. Naess and G. Sessions, |
'Basic Principles of Deep Ecology', Ecophilosophy, vol. 6 (1984) (I first |
read the quoted passage in D. Bennet and R. Sylvan, 'Australian Perspectives |
on Environmental Ethics: A UNESCO Project' [unpublished, |
1989]); W. Devall and G. Sessions, Deep Ecology: Living As If Nature |
Mattered (Salt Lake City, 1985) (The passage quoted is from p. 67); 1. |
Johnson, A Morally Deep World (Cambrldge, 1990), F. Mathews, The |
Ecological Self (London, 1991); V. Plumwood, 'Ecofeminism: An Overview |
and Discussion of Positions and Arguments: Critical Review', |
Australasian Journal of Philosophy, vol. 64 (1986): suppl.; and R. Sylvan, |
'Three Essays upon Deeper Environmental Ethics', Discussion Papers in |
Environmental Philosophy, vol. 13 (1986) (published by the Australian |
National University, Canberra). James Lovelock, Gaia: A New Look at |
Life on Earth, was published in Oxford in 1979. Christopher Stone's |
Earth and Other Ethics (New York, 1987) is a tentative exploration of |
ways in which nonsentient beings might be included in an ethical |
framework. |
The original Green Consumer Guide was by John Elkington and Julia |
Hailes (London 1988). Adaptations have since been published in several |
other countries, as have many similar guides. On the extravagance |
of animal production, see the references given in Chapter 8, above. |
Rifkin's Beyond Beef and Durning and Brough's Taking Stock both also |
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Notes and References |
contain information on the clearing of the rainforest and other environmental |
impacts of the animals we raise for food. |
Roderick Nash, The Rights of Nature (Madison, Wis., 1989) is a useful, |
but not always reliable, historical account of the development of environmental |
ethics. Some collections of essays on this topic are R. Elliot |
and A. Gare (eds.), Environmental Philosophy: A Collection of Readings |
(S1. Lucia, Queensland, 1983); T. Regan, Earthbound: New Introductory |
Essays in Environmental Ethics (New York, 1984); and D. VandeVeer |
and C. Pierce (eds.), People, Penguins and Plastic Trees: Basic Issues in |
Environmental Ethics (Belmont, Calif., 1986). Robert Elliot summarizes |
the issues in 'Environmental Ethics', in P. Singer (ed.), A Companion |
to Ethics. |
Chapter II: Ends and means |
The story of Oskar Schindler is brilliantly told by Thomas Kenneally |
in Schindler's Ark (London, 1982). The case of Joan Andrews and |
the work of Operation Rescue is described by Bernard Nathanson, |