annotations_creators:
- expert-created
language_creators:
- unknown
language:
- fi
license:
- cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
multilinguality:
- unknown
size_categories:
- unknown
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- table-to-text
task_ids: []
pretty_name: turku_hockey_data2text
tags:
- data-to-text
Dataset Card for GEM/turku_hockey_data2text
Dataset Description
- Homepage: https://turkunlp.org/hockey_data2text.html
- Repository: https://github.com/TurkuNLP/Turku-hockey-data2text
- Paper: https://aclanthology.org/W19-6125/
- Leaderboard: N/A
- Point of Contact: Jenna Kanerva, Filip Ginter
Link to Main Data Card
You can find the main data card on the GEM Website.
Dataset Summary
This is a Finnish data-to-text dataset in which the input is structured information about a hockey game and the output a description of the game.
You can load the dataset via:
import datasets
data = datasets.load_dataset('GEM/turku_hockey_data2text')
The data loader can be found here.
website
paper
authors
Jenna Kanerva, Samuel Rönnqvist, Riina Kekki, Tapio Salakoski, Filip Ginter (TurkuNLP / University of Turku)
Dataset Overview
Where to find the Data and its Documentation
Webpage
Download
Paper
BibTex
@inproceedings{kanerva2019newsgen,
Title = {Template-free Data-to-Text Generation of Finnish Sports News},
Author = {Jenna Kanerva and Samuel R{\"o}nnqvist and Riina Kekki and Tapio Salakoski and Filip Ginter},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics (NoDaLiDa’19)},
year={2019}
}
Contact Name
Jenna Kanerva, Filip Ginter
Contact Email
Has a Leaderboard?
no
Languages and Intended Use
Multilingual?
no
Covered Dialects
written standard language
Covered Languages
Finnish
Whose Language?
The original news articles are written by professional journalists. The text passages extracted in the annotation may be slightly edited compared to the original language during the corpus annotation.
License
cc-by-nc-sa-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike 4.0 International
Intended Use
This dataset was developed as a benchmark for evaluating template-free, machine learning methods on Finnish news generation in the area of ice hockey reporting.
Primary Task
Data-to-Text
Communicative Goal
Describe an event from an ice hockey game based on the given structural data.
Credit
Curation Organization Type(s)
academic
Curation Organization(s)
University of Turku
Dataset Creators
Jenna Kanerva, Samuel Rönnqvist, Riina Kekki, Tapio Salakoski, Filip Ginter (TurkuNLP / University of Turku)
Funding
The project was supported by the Google Digital News Innovation Fund.
Who added the Dataset to GEM?
Jenna Kanerva, Filip Ginter (TurkuNLP / University of Turku)
Dataset Structure
Data Fields
The dataset is constructed of games, where each game is a list of events. If the event was annotated (corresponding sentence was found from the news article), it includes text field with value other than empty string ("").
For each game (dict), there are keys gem_id (string), id (string), news_article (string), and events (list).
For each event (dict), there are different, relevant keys available with non empty values depending on the event type (e.g. goal or penalty). The mandatory keys for each event are event_id (string), event_type (string), text (string, empty string if not annotated), and multi_reference (bool). The keys not relevant for the specific event type are left empty.
The relevant keys in the event dictionary are:
For each event type, the following keys are relevant:
event_id: Identifier of the event, unique to the game but not globally, in chronological order (string)
event_type: Type of the event, possible values are game result, goal, penalty, or saves (string)
text: Natural language description of the event, or empty string if not available (string)
multi_reference: Does this event refer to a text passage describing multiple events? (bool)
The rest of the fields are specific to the event type. The relevant fields for each event type are:
game result:
event_id: Identifier of the event, unique to the game but not globally, in chronological order (string)
event_type: Type of the event (string)
home_team: Name of the home team (string)
guest_team: Name of the guest team (string)
score: Final score of the game, in the form of home–guest (string)
periods: Scores for individual periods, each in the form of home–guest score in that period (list of strings)
features: Additional features, such as overtime win or shoot out (list of strings)
text: Natural language description of the event, or empty string if not available (string)
multi_reference: Does this event refer to a text passage describing multiple events? (bool)
goal:
event_id: Identifier of the event, unique to the game but not globally, in chronological order (string)
event_type: Type of the event (string)
player: Name of the player scoring (string)
assist: Names of the players assisting, at most two players (list of strings)
team: Team scoring with possible values of home or guest (string)
team_name: Name of the team scoring (string)
score: Score after the goal, in the form of home–guest (string)
time: Time of the goal, minutes and seconds from the beginning (string)
features: Additional features, such as power play or short-handed goal (list of strings)
text: Natural language description of the event, or empty string if not available (string)
multi_reference: Does this event refer to a text passage describing multiple events? (bool)
penalty:
event_id: Identifier of the event, unique to the game but not globally, in chronological order (string)
event_type: Type of the event (string)
player: Name of the player getting the penalty (string)
team: Team getting the penalty with possible values of home or guest (string)
team_name: Name of the team getting the penalty (string)
penalty_minutes: Penalty minutes (string)
time: Time of the penalty, minutes and seconds from the beginning (string)
text: Natural language description of the event, or empty string if not available (string)
multi_reference: Does this event refer to a text passage describing multiple events? (bool)
saves:
event_id: Identifier of the event, unique to the game but not globally, in chronological order (string)
event_type: Type of the event (string)
player: Name of the goalkeeper (string)
team: Team of the goalkeeper with possible values of home or guest (string)
team_name: Name of the team (string)
saves: Number of saves in the game (string)
text: Natural language description of the event, or empty string if not available (string)
multi_reference: Does this event refer to a text passage describing multiple events? (bool)
Text passages describing multiple events (multi_reference):
Some text passages refer to multiple events in such way that separating them to individual statements is not adequate (e.g. "The home team received two penalties towards the end of the first period."). In these cases, multiple events are aligned to the same text passage so that the first event (in chronological order) include the annotated text passage, while the rest of the events referring to the same text passage include the identifier of the first event in the annotated text field (e.g. text: "E4").
Example Instance
{
'gem_id': 'gem-turku_hockey_data2text-train-0',
'id': '20061031-TPS-HPK',
'news_article': 'HPK:n hyvä syysvire jatkuu jääkiekon SM-liigassa. Tiistaina HPK kukisti mainiolla liikkeellä ja tehokkaalla ylivoimapelillä TPS:n vieraissa 1–0 (1–0, 0–0, 0–0).\nHPK hyödynsi ylivoimaa mennen jo ensimmäisessä erässä Mikko Mäenpään maalilla 1–0 -johtoon.\nToisessa ja kolmannessa erässä HPK tarjosi edelleen TPS:lle runsaasti tilanteita, mutta maalia eivät turkulaiset millään ilveellä saaneet. Pahin este oli loistavan pelin Hämeenlinnan maalilla pelannut Mika Oksa.\nTPS:n maalissa Jani Hurme ei osumille mitään mahtanut. Joukkueen suuri yksinäinen kenttäpelaaja oli Kai Nurminen, mutta hänelläkään ei ollut onnea maalitilanteissa.',
'events':
{
'event_id': ['E1', 'E2', 'E3'],
'event_type': ['game result', 'penalty', 'goal'],
'text': ['HPK kukisti TPS:n vieraissa 1–0 (1–0, 0–0, 0–0).', '', 'HPK hyödynsi ylivoimaa mennen jo ensimmäisessä erässä Mikko Mäenpään maalilla 1–0 -johtoon.'],
'home_team': ['TPS', '', ''],
'guest_team': ['HPK', '', ''],
'score': ['0–1', '', '0–1'],
'periods': [['0–1', '0–0', '0–0'], [], []],
'features': [[], [], ['power play']],
'player': ['', 'Fredrik Svensson', 'Mikko Mäenpää'],
'assist': [[], [], ['Jani Keinänen', 'Toni Mäkiaho']],
'team': ['', 'guest', 'guest'],
'team_name': ['', 'HPK', 'HPK'],
'time': ['', '9.28', '14.57'],
'penalty_minutes': ['', '2', ''],
'saves': ['', '', ''],
'multi_reference': [false, false, false]
}
}
Data Splits
The corpus include 3 splits: train, validation, and test.
Dataset in GEM
Rationale for Inclusion in GEM
Why is the Dataset in GEM?
The dataset was created to develop machine learned text generation models for Finnish ice hockey news, where the generation would reflect the natural language variation found from the game reports written by professional journalists. While the original game reports often include additional information not derivable from the game statistics, the corpus was fully manually curated to remove all such information from the natural language descriptions. The rationale of such curation was to prevent model 'hallucinating' additional facts.
Similar Datasets
yes
Unique Language Coverage
yes
Difference from other GEM datasets
This is the only data2text corpus for Finnish in GEM.
Ability that the Dataset measures
morphological inflection, language variation
GEM-Specific Curation
Modificatied for GEM?
yes
GEM Modifications
data points modified
Modification Details
Structural data was translated into English.
Additional Splits?
no
Getting Started with the Task
Previous Results
Previous Results
Metrics
BLEU, METEOR, ROUGE, WER
Proposed Evaluation
Automatic evaluation: BLEU, NIST, METEOR, ROUGE-L, CIDEr Manual evaluation: factual mistakes, grammatical errors, minimum edit distance to an acceptable game report (using WER)
Previous results available?
yes
Dataset Curation
Original Curation
Original Curation Rationale
The dataset is designed for text generation (data2text), where the original source of natural language descriptions is news articles written by journalists. While the link between structural data (ice hockey game statistics) and the news articles describing the game was quite weak (news articles including a lot of information not derivable from the statistics, while leaving many events unmentioned), the corpus includes full manual annotation aligning the events extracted from game statistics and the corresponding natural language passages extracted from the news articles.
Each event is manually aligned into a sentence-like passage, and in case a suitable passage was not found, the annotation is left empty (with value None). The extracted passages were manually modified not to include additional information not derivable from the game statistics, or not considered as world knowledge. The manual curation of passages is designed to prevent model hallucination, i.e. model learning to generate facts not derivable from the input data.
Communicative Goal
Describing the given events (structural data) in natural language, and therefore generating ice hockey game reports.
Sourced from Different Sources
no
Language Data
How was Language Data Obtained?
Other
Language Producers
The initial data, both game statistics and news articles, were obtained from the Finnish News Agency STT news archives released for academic use (http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:lb-2019041501). The original news articles are written by professional journalists.
We (TurkuNLP) gratefully acknowledge the collaboration of Maija Paikkala, Salla Salmela and Pihla Lehmusjoki from the Finnish News Agency STT while creating the corpus.
Topics Covered
Ice hockey, news
Data Validation
not validated
Was Data Filtered?
algorithmically
Filter Criteria
Include only games, where both game statistics and a news article describing the game were available (based on timestamps and team names).
Structured Annotations
Additional Annotations?
expert created
Number of Raters
1
Rater Qualifications
Members of the TurkuNLP research group, native speakers of Finnish.
Raters per Training Example
1
Raters per Test Example
1
Annotation Service?
no
Annotation Values
Manual alignment of events and their natural language descriptions. Removing information not derivable from the input data or world knowledge in order to prevent the model 'hallucination'.
Any Quality Control?
validated by data curators
Quality Control Details
Manual inspection of examples during the initial annotation training phrase.
Consent
Any Consent Policy?
yes
Consent Policy Details
The corpus license was agreed with the providers of the source material.
Private Identifying Information (PII)
Contains PII?
yes/very likely
Categories of PII
generic PII
Any PII Identification?
no identification
Maintenance
Any Maintenance Plan?
no
Broader Social Context
Previous Work on the Social Impact of the Dataset
Usage of Models based on the Data
no
Impact on Under-Served Communities
Addresses needs of underserved Communities?
no
Discussion of Biases
Any Documented Social Biases?
no
Are the Language Producers Representative of the Language?
The dataset represents only written standard language.
Considerations for Using the Data
PII Risks and Liability
Potential PII Risk
None
Licenses
Copyright Restrictions on the Dataset
non-commercial use only
Copyright Restrictions on the Language Data
non-commercial use only