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Deutsche Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit 34

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[ "They live in geographical regions and ecosystems that are the most vulnerable to climate change. These include polar regions, humid tropical forests, high mountains, small islands, coastal regions, and arid and semi-arid lands, among others. The impacts of climate change in such regions have strong implications for the ecosystem-based livelihoods on which many indigenous peoples depend. Moreover, in some regions such as the Pacific, the very existence of many indigenous territories is under threat from rising sea levels that not only pose a grave threat to indigenous peoples’ livelihoods but also to their cultures and ways of life." ]

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[ "The health system must constantly improve the level of quality of health services and products offered to the population. It must also guarantee the relevance of practices in order to improve service quality and limit avoidable expenses. A significant proportion of (re)hospitalizations are thus avoidable, in particular those, which are frequent, linked to medication problems (iatrogenics, compliance problems and under-treatment) or to non-optimal post-hospitalization follow-up. The share of irrelevant prescriptions is estimated at between 20 and 30%. This situation concerns, for example, the use of ionizing radiation for medical purposes, for which the implementation of the principle of justification must make it possible to avoid overexposure that could generate adverse effects." ]

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[ "Some mitigation measures may have undesirable direct and indirect consequences for indigenous communities. For instance, certain agricultural initiatives may reduce greenhouse gas emissions but may lead to an increase in monoculture crops and plantations and an associated decline in biodiversity and food security. The full and effective participation of indigenous communities is crucial to the elaboration of State-developed mitigation measures to ensure that such schemes do not negatively affect vulnerable communities." ]

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[ "Indigenous peoples, their rights, and their institutions often lack recognition. Consequently, consultation with and participation of indigenous peoples in decision making is limited in the absence of dedicated public mechanisms established for this purpose. Exclusion from decision making processes is also compounded by the limited capacity of their own institutions, organizations and networks." ]

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[ "Indigenous peoples who choose or are forced to migrate away from their traditional lands often face double discrimination as both migrants and as indigenous peoples. Indigenous peoples may be more vulnerable to irregular migration such as trafficking and smuggling, owing to sudden displacement by a climactic event, limited legal migration options and limited opportunities to make informed choices. Deforestation, particularly in developing countries, is pushing indigenous families to migrate to cities for economic reasons, often ending up in urban slums." ]

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[ "threatens the ability of health institutions and organizations to maintain and improve health services into the future. This is expected to be particularly true in low-income countries and Small Island Developing States, who are especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change. In particular, climate change will disproportionately affect vulnerable groups, including the poor, children, elderly and those with pre-existing medical conditions. 185. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that the effects of climate change, including storms and flooding, rising sea levels, higher freshwater temperatures, reduced availability of food and drinking water, will translate into increased mortality and morbidity from extreme weather events and climate-sensitive diseases, such as malaria, dengue and cholera. The Paris Agreement specifically mentioned the right to health. 186. As such it is critical that RMI takes steps to increase the adaptive capacity and resilience of its health system. The most effective health adaptation strategies take into account that contextual factors as adaptation needs are often highly localized. RMI should undertake measures to identify and assess the greatest health risks and shortcomings in RMI's current health system in order to develop effective strategies for minimizing the anticipated effects of climate change on health outcomes. 187. It is therefore recommended that health is clearly considered and included as part of RMI's future NAP. As a starting point studies should be undertaken to develop a better understanding of climate-related health impacts in RMI, including on vulnerable groups." ]

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[ "Indigenous peoples are among the first to face the direct consequences of climate change, owing to their dependence upon, and close relationship with the environment and its resources. Climate change exacerbates the difficulties already faced by vulnerable indigenous communities, including political and economic marginalization, loss of land and resources, human rights violations, discrimination and unemployment." ]

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[ "Their extreme vulnerability and exposure to climate change can force indigenous peoples to migrate. In most cases this is not an adequate solution for adapting to climate change, and instead renders them more vulnerable to discrimination, exploitation and environmental hazards in their destination areas. Such migration often also leads to the loss of their traditional economic, social and cultural activities. Equally important, it leads to the loss of traditional knowledge, and this knowledge is essential for climate action to be successful. At the same time, the transition to work in other activities within the destination areas is particularly challenging for indigenous peoples, especially for indigenous women." ]

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[ "The representatives of national minorities and their communities are often very closely connected to concrete regions. The regions with minorities constitute an environment, which is traditionally inhabited by these people in the new history. During the development of many generations they acquired comprehensive knowledge of their physical environment, society and culture. By their specific development they contribute to the cultural diversity of the territory. The national minorities should fully and without obstacles enjoy the human rights and fundamental freedoms and fully participate in sustainable development of their country." ]

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[ "The educational level of population is considerably differentiated spatially and ethnically. The biggest difference is between the educational level of the Gypsy population and the majority ethnic group and other minorities. For instance, the share of inhabitants with secondary education was 0.8% for Gypsies in 1991, while for Slovaks it was 18.1% and for Hungarians 14.9%. The bigger difference was in university level of education - 0.1% for Gypsies, 6.1% for Slovaks and 16.0% for Czechs." ]

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[ "All ethnic minority must have livelihood standards out of poverty and extreme poverty Ethnic minority must receive education at least up to basic level (grade 9) and obtained various vocation trainings suitable to their locality and communities Wellbeing of ethnic minority must be well treated Indigenous culture of ethnic minority must be protected and maintained with better manner." ]

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[ "Indigenous peoples in the Central, South American and Caribbean regions are shifting their agricultural activities and their settlements to new locations which are less susceptible to adverse climate conditions. For example, indigenous peoples in Guyana are moving from their savannah homes to forest areas during droughts and have started planting cassava, their main staple crop, on moist floodplains which are normally too wet for other crops." ]

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[ "The Government of Canada will also continue to move forward with delivering on its commitment to conserve and protect 25% of Canada’s land and 25% of Canada’s oceans by 2025, working towards 30% of each by 2030. The Government will ground these efforts in science, Indigenous knowledge, and local perspectives. It will also advocate for countries around the world to set a 30% conservation goal as well." ]

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[ "Indigenous peoples and their ancestors have long been stewards and managers of the land and waters, and leaders in ecosystem conservation in Canada. The Government of Canada will continue to support partnerships with Indigenous communities across the country through the establishment of new Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas (IPCAs) and Indigenous Guardians programs. Since 2018, the Canada Nature Fund has invested in the development of 30 IPCAs and 25 additional projects aimed to enable planning and capacity building needed to establish IPCAs. New IPCAs such as Edehzhie, Qat’muk, Thaidene Nene, Arqvilliit and Peel Watershed, are examples of some the exciting work underway. The Government has also invested in more than 70 Indigenous Guardians projects in communities from coast to coast to coast to provide Indigenous peoples with greater opportunity to exercise responsibility in stewardship of their traditional lands, waters, and ice. Together these measures represent one of largest and most concrete steps forward in advancing Indigenous leadership in conservation in recent times." ]

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[ "Integration into the global community. Further development of multi-lingual environment as an achievement of the society and an important competitive advantage of Kyrgyzstanis. Formation of a new generation of \"tri-lingual\" Kyrgyzstanis, that can speak the state, official and one of the global languages, while guaranteeing preservation of mother tongues of ethnic minorities." ]

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[ "- building a system of accountability for the implementation of policies to manage ethnic relations and language policy, to prevent conflicts; establishment of an authorized national government agency, establishment of the necessary infrastructure in the center and the regions;" ]

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[ "African-Americans living in New Orleans were also disproportionately badly hit by the floods caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. A Brookings Institution report on the disaster found that ‘those areas hit hardest by the flood were disproportionately non-white. Overall, blacks and other minority residents made up 58 percent of those whose neighborhoods were flooded, though they encompassed just 45 percent of the metropolitan population.’ 9 Within the city itself, 80 per cent of people who had lived in the flooded areas were non-white. Escaping the stricken city was harder for people in the flooded areas, because one in five of them had no access to a car, compared to one in ten without access in the dry areas." ]

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[ "How we live and work together in communities and cities can have a huge impact in tackling climate change. Energy efficient buildings, low carbon public transport and encouraging cycling and walking are essential to cutting CO2 emissions. Greening cities with parks and gardens reduces CO2 and helps cool urban areas and reduce flooding. Thinking and acting at a local level helps communities fight climate change and build resilience to climate impacts. For instance, producing goods and food locally can lower the cost of transportation, reduce waste and help local economies." ]

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[ "An inclusive DRR approach also requires the collection of data on age and sex/gender to ensure vulnerable older persons are supported in DRR and encourage them to share their knowledge, skills and wisdom to shape DRR policy and practice." ]

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[ ", damage to the floor of a home or destruction of a hotel as result of a hurricanes). Capital flight (for e.g., international financial institutions closing/selling local branches to avoid loss and damage of their asset from sea level rise or more frequent and intense hurricanes). Temporary or permanent increased costs of goods and services (for e.g., increased insurance premiums, food, building supplies)." ]

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[ "A decrease in nitrogen excretion rate (N inputs from feeding fitting better to animal needs). A 10% reduction for improved feeding is assumed. A decrease in enteric CH4 (add of fat in feeding): according to the GACMO (Greenhouse Gas Abatement Cost Model) tool, this can lead to a reduction of 4% of CH4 emissions for 1% of fat added." ]

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[ "All the planned actions will contribute to increasing water resilience and adaptation to the imminent context of climate change impacts that greatly affect the scarcity of water resources, both for human consumption and food production, and therefore the integrated management of water resources, with emphasis on the most vulnerable rural and urban population. Figure 6. Integrated and Sustainable Water Management Index, 2030 scenario. Figure 7. Multidimensional Integrated and Sustainable Water Management Index. 3.4. Agricultural sector goals." ]

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[ "Expand livelihood protection policies that assist vulnerable, low-income individuals to recover from damages associated with extreme weather events; provide support and protection for internally displaced persons, persons displaced across borders and host communities;. By 2026, draw up disaster recovery plans for all 22 municipalities with resource inventories, first response measures and actions (including on logistics) concerning humanitarian post-disaster needs." ]

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[ "The primary purpose of SDGs is to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all, beginning with eradicating poverty (SDG1) in line with the “leaving no one behind” principle. Antigua and Barbuda will therefore work on ensuring a ‘just transition’ to end poverty in all its forms including “through the implementation of appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable to leave no one behind” (Target 1.3) and “building the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters” (Target 1.5)." ]

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[ "Extreme droughts based on low rainfall and soil conditions are most common in south-western Botswana and high rainfall events with risks of floods are most likely in north- eastern Botswana where several large dams are located in this area. Droughts are projected to increase in frequency and severity. Botswana is already witnessing impacts of climate change with constrained agricultural production, increasing food insecurity and increasing water stress, which will worsen with time, as projected." ]

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[ "Fiji will take appropriate steps to protect its social infrastructure against climate change and prioritise gender, disability, and the needs of the children and elderly in disaster management and in climate action. 3. CONCLUSION. Fiji has successfully analysed the lessons learned since the submission of the first NDC and has explored a number of options for enhancement, with an eye towards ambition." ]

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[ "Ensure the sustainable, safe and healthy mobility of young people, which meets their needs in harmony with a healthy environment. Strengthen institutional capacities for the inclusion of the youth approach in the design and implementation of plans, policies and programs related to the preservation of natural resources and the mitigation and adaptation to the effects of climate change. c. Role of cities. Through the National Development Strategy 2030 (END 2030), Law No. 1-12 seeks to establish a developed country and a cohesive society by 2030." ]

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[ "The combined effects of reduced tourism demand, loss of infrastructure, loss of beaches and the loss of the barrier reef can result in the reduced income of approximately USD 24.2 million per year. Addressing Climate Change: Policies, Plans and Programmes. The Government of Belize has noted that, if these issues are not addressed, climate change will be considered as the single major threat to food and nutrition security, employment and economic prosperity and will obliterate many attainments that have been made towards achieving sustained development within the country." ]

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[ "The NDC implementation plan will include specific consideration of how to incorporate stakeholder engagement and delivery of actions to promote a just transition in Belize including understanding inter- generational impacts of climate change are understood and the current and future needs of children and young people are adequately considered. In part, the adaptation actions identified reflect an application of the principles of just transition on a global scale." ]

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[ "Promotion of Housing of Social and Priority Interest (VIS and VIP) bioclimatic. Promotion of Biodiversity in the context of Amazonian Cities with reforestation and adequate management of water resources in areas of urban public space. 4 urban projects formulated and in the process of implementation Amazonian cities. Residential. 48. Improvement of basic sanitation systems and adequate use of solid waste and wastewater." ]

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[ "As a result, national adaptation priorities have been defined for 2035, broken down into multiple strategies. Concerning adaptation, this will entail:. Reducing vulnerability to drought;. Protecting against rising sea levels;. Improving access to water;. Protecting biodiversity;. Reinforcing the resilience of rural populations. Strategy and planning. Funded adaptation measures. Global Climate Change Alliance project. Two projects have been carried out by means of the GCCA’s Intra-ACP (Africa, Caribbean and Pacific) programme." ]

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[ "Promote employment opportunities for the youth in the field of sustainable tourism through the enhancement of IT and language skills;. Implement the National Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction to ensure the safety of tourists, to prevent ship oil leaks and to make tourism infrastructures and ecosystems resilient in the face of climate change hazards." ]

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[ "Engage on the potential adoption of OECS regional agreements on the conservation and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouses gases for the results-based payments (Note: Payments could be collected at the regional level and channelled to community-based climate resilience programmes). 2030. 2021. Conditional. 33. Operationalization of the SIRF Fund to act as an interim regional funding mechanism for the OECS through the financing of high-risk climate action projects, including ones focused on communities and lower-income persons who are at a high risk of being affected by the negative climate change impacts as well as the just transition of the workforce." ]

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[ "Policies will be implemented so that women and LGBTI + have social and environmental conditions of habitability of the territories. To this end, an active participation of women and diversities in consultation and decision-making processes in all aspects of climate policy is considered fundamental - and will be promoted." ]

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[ "GCF Readiness funds could be used to support the establishment of financial and institutional mechanisms to facilitate the debt swap. 6. Strategy for a Just Transition of the Workforce. Pursuing a transition to a low-carbon economy and more climate-resilient development will require a significant policy shift that will have a major impact on, inter alia, the labour market. In this regard, the GoAB seeks to facilitate a ‘Just Transition’ of affected sector workforces, through institutional and regulatory reforms, retraining and employment schemes, and economic diversification." ]

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[ "The final objectives of the Republic of Congo in terms of adaptation to climate change, which must also be respected by the international community, are concretely translated into:Protection of populations: through a preventive approach to risk management, particularly in the most threatened areas, which is based on an observation and research system to better understand current and future climate risks. The coastal zone adaptation strategy contributes to this end: this strategy is achieved through measures aimed at integrated management of the coastal zone through the establishment of an appropriate legal framework, the acquisition of monitoring and finally training and information." ]

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[ "Blasiak, R., Spijkers, J., Tokunaga, K., Pittman, J., Yagi, N. and Österblom, H. 2017↩. In DDS Aquaculture Greece software, the economic model calculates the business economics of the farm for the site selected climate scenario and management options based on the input values for the various prices and costs; in the biological model, individual growth and reproduction was modeled with the application of the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory by the ClimeFish team↩. UNDP, 2020 Human Development Report." ]

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[ "Unconditional objective (2020) %. 1%. 653. Conditional objective (2020) %. 11%. 4,897. Mitigation objectives for 2030. 3.2. Scope and scale of the contribution. Table 4: Scope and scale of the contribution. Sector. Gas(es). Sub-sector(s). Geographic scope. Energy. CO2, CH4 and N2O. Fuel combustion activities. Nationwide. Agriculture & livestock. CH4 and N2O. Agricultural soils. Nationwide. Land use and forestry. CO2. Forestland. Nationwide. 3.3. Assumptions and methodology." ]

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[ "Controlled Oil Production (2019): 10,630,609 BPDC (Oil Barrels Calendar Day) (Source:  of-Operations / Documents / Production% C3% B3n% 20 Fiscalized% 20 Crude% 202019-DEC.xlsx ). Electric power generation SIN (2017) : 66,551,928 GWh. (Source: Your challenges. Erosion (IDEAM et al. 2015). 40% of the area of the country has some degree of erosion. 3% of the area of the country has severe degrees of erosion. Quantitative housing deficit (households): total: 12.37%; urban 12.56%; rural 11.71%." ]

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[ "Measures for climate protection in maritime transport can create synergies to reduce GHG emissions and help lower supply costs. Aware that Cabo Verde needs support to meet these ambitious mitigation targets, the country seeks to join regional and international initiatives promoting low-carbon maritime transport, starting along the North-West African routes. Cabo Verde’s contributions in this sector for 2030 are as follows:MITIGATION CONTRIBUTION #3: LOWERING THE CARBON INTENSITY OF MOBILITY." ]

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[ "The Government of Canada has also engaged directly with industry via The Multi-Stakeholder Committee on GHG Regulatory Measures and Programs and through bilateral meetings with industry. The Government of Canada established the Multi-Stakeholder Committee to serve as a forum for industry, and non-governmental organization stakeholders to identify issues of interest or concern and share views on the interactions (synergistic and overlapping) among climate change programs and regulations, as well as other cumulative GHG emissions and socioeconomic impacts. Collaboration with Indigenous Peoples." ]

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[ "Development of 15,000 ha of shallows and irrigated areas and their exploitation for the intensive rice cultivation system. Agriculture, water. 705. 28. Development of research on health and climate change: total of three activities. Health. 690. 29. Audit of plans to develop all classified or protected forests for updating purposes. Forests-land use. 685. 30. Strengthening of capabilities to forecast and respond to phenomena associated with climate change: creation of an MT health care monitoring centre. Health. 680. 31. Participative development of sustainable land." ]

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[ "Promoting the generation of capacities at sectoral, national and subnational levels for climate action in order to strengthen resilience to face the effects of climate change and promote the just transition towards resilient and low-emissions development. Promoting the elaboration, development and reconversion of labor competencies in order to mitigate GHG emissions and facilitate adaptation to the impacts of climate change and measures adopted to fight it in the labor world, de creasing the negative effects and taking advantage of opportunities that may arise." ]

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[ "The preamble to the Paris Agreement emphasizes that climate change is a matter of concern for all of humanity. Countries should take into account their respective obligations regarding human rights, the right to health, the rights of indigenous peoples, local communities, migrants, children, persons with disabilities, in their actions in the face of climate change. and people in vulnerable situations, and the right to development, as well as gender equality, women s empowerment and intergenerational equity." ]

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[ "This legislation requires the Government of Canada to set national emissions reduction targets at five-year intervals for 2030, 2035, 2040, and 2045, and to develop emission reduction plans for each target as well as explain how each plan would contribute to reaching net-zero in 2050. The Government will engage key stakeholders and partners such as provincial and territorial governments, Indigenous Peoples, and the Net-Zero Advisory Body, among others, in setting these national targets." ]

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[ "Building additional dams and power stations to further develop energy generation potential from the same river flow as well as develop new dam sites on parallel rivers in order to maintain the baseline hydropower electricity generation capacity to levels attainable under a ‘no-climate change’ scenario. Developing and implementing climate change compatible building/construction codes for buildings, roads, airports, airfields, dry ports, railways, bridges, dams and irrigation canals that are safe for human life and minimize economic damage that is likely to result from increasing extremes in flooding." ]

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[ "Likewise, it is ratified in Article 12 of the National Development Strategy (END 2030), which establishes the Gender Approach as a transversal policy that mandates to incorporate this approach in all plans, programs, projects and public policies. Additionally, the \"National Strategy to Strengthen Human Resources and Skills to Advance Towards Green Development, Low Emissions and Climate Resilience\" (2012) considers equity and inclusion among its basic values ​​considering gender aspects, vulnerable populations , inter and intra generational inequity, and a methodological approach without distinction of ethnic, religious or any other type." ]

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[ "According to the Ministry of Health, the effects of climate change such as extreme high temperatures contribute directly to mortalities from cardiovascular and respiratory related diseases, which are particularly significant among the elderly in Brunei Darussalam. The rising ozone and other pollutants levels in the air will also exacerbate these underlying diseases." ]

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[ "The IPCC’s recommended 20 years transition period was also used across all REDD+ activities. If there is available support technically and financially, age class wise segregation and their emissions and removal could be considered for further improvement of the FREL and FRL. f. Other assumptions and methodological approaches used for understanding the nationally determined contribution and, if applicable, estimating corresponding emissions and removals, including:." ]

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[ "This reduces the competitiveness of the already small private sector in SIDS and in Antigua and Barbuda there is no exception. These barriers are a great risk to the transition to a low-emission and resilient economy. Without addressing these risks, Antigua and Barbuda can face gentrification, have its protected areas used for developmental purposes or privatized, and experience increases in the cost of living, which will result in hardships for the high number of single-parent or single income homes in country." ]

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[ "How the economic and social consequences of response measures have been considered in developing the nationally determined contribution;. Dominica, recognising that in managing the impacts of climate change, it may also be affected by the impact of response measures, and in its consideration of the economic and social consequences of response measures as part of the development of the updated NDC, has done the following: included the imperatives of a just transition of the workforce and the creation of decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development priorities; made all reasonable attempts to foster synergies and co-benefits between adaptation and mitigation measures; prioritised efforts at all levels from national to sub-national and cross-cutting (gender, vulnerable populations etc.)" ]

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[ "According to the National Development Plan of 2018-2022, the poverty rate in Angola fell from 60% to 36% from the beginning of this century to 2018, with almost half of Angola s population rising above the threshold of absolute poverty, with poverty being more prevalent in rural (58%) than in urban areas (19%)[14]. Although the country s wealth concentration indicator is evolving positively, empirical evidence suggests that inequality remains high [22]. In 2018, the GINI index3 for was 51,3%." ]

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[ "In collaboration with provinces, territories, and Indigenous Peoples, Canada has made significant progress in implementing measures in the PCF to make progress towards Canada’s original NDC. In 2015, prior to the PCF, Canada’s emissions were projected to increase indefinitely, reaching 815 megatonnes (Mt) in 2030 (12% higher than 2005 levels). The PCF is bending Canada’s emissions curve downward and is leading to historic emissions reductions." ]

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[ "This project aims to construct a desalination plant in the capital city in order to respond directly to drinking water supply needs. This new plant, which will have a capacity of 22,500 m3 daily, easily expandable to 45,000 m3, will be fuelled by renewable energy, which is expected to be provided by a wind farm planned for the second phase of the project. Funding: European Union. Rural Community Development and Water Mobilization Project (PRODERMO)." ]

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[ "Therefore, and to promote the paradigm shift necessary to respond to the emergency, actions aimed at climate empowerment will be promoted (Articles 6 of the UNFCCC and 12 of the Paris Agreement), as well as educational and cultural policies that transversally promote climate change. environmental and climate awareness, public participation of youth organizations and different local actors, teacher training in environmental education for climate change, training and technical assistance for projects that allow communities and citizens to access and acquire knowledge of environmental issues and of climate change." ]

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[ "The mobilization of a Strategic Orientation Committee including 10 sectoral ministries, including their Gender & Equity focal points, as well as representatives of civil society made it possible to validate the diagnostic report with a view to revising the CDN, the guidance for the construction of scenarios and validation of the provisional NDC, including on the structure of the document in accordance with the provisions of the Rulebook. The holding of a first national validation workshop on December 11, 2020." ]

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[ "Women are disproportionately affected by these impacts, given their role in ensuring household food production and food / nutrition security, despite their unequal access to land, information and inputs (eg improved seeds, fertilizer, tools). Improving climate information systems for resilient development in Congo. The project will reduce the exposure of Congo s communities, livelihoods and infrastructure to climate-induced natural hazards through a well-functioning national multi-hazard impact prediction and early warning system." ]

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[ "Strengthening partnerships and collaborations to improve soil productivity, the implementation of agricultural innovations; develop reasoned, conservatory or sustainable agriculture. Reduction of CH4 from rice crops. 3) Promotion of practices to improve agricultural production capacities and enhance local resources. Use of nitrification inhibitors;. Fat supplementation in ruminant feed (% DM fat added). Energy/Waste." ]

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[ "By 2024, the structures for the incorporation of youth and children into actions for climate empowerment will be strengthened, including the establishment of an Annual Forum for Youth in Climate Action as part of the climate action axis of the Public Policy of the Person Youth 2020-2024. 11. Transparency and continuous improvement. Costa Rica is committed to ensuring the transparency and openness of key information related to the impacts of climate change and advances in climate action, integrating various sectors in climate action, strengthening planning and decision-making based on data." ]

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[ "Economic: Reduction of dependence on imports and improvement of exports of agricultural products / Maintenance of yields / Productivity of agriculture. Environnement: Soil preservation/dissemination of land-preserving practices ecosystems/mitigation co-benefits. M2. Agriculture, breeding aquaculture. Put in place differentiated protection measures against climate risks Promote agricultural practices that protect the soil, taking into account the differentiated practices of men, women and young people. M3. Agriculture, breeding aquaculture. Put in place differentiated protection measures against climate risks. M4. Agriculture, breeding aquaculture." ]

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[ "Information on the planning processes that the Party undertook to prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the Party’s implementation plans, including, as appropriate: The enhanced target is based on an extensive impact assessment18, as well as prepare its nationally determined contribution and, if available, on the stakeholder input, collected via public consultation19. (i). Domestic institutional arrangements, public participation and engagement with local communities and indigenous peoples, in a gender-responsive manner;." ]

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[ "The country is committed to achieving SDG 5: Gender equality by promoting low carbon development where men and women contributions to climate change mitigation and adaptation are recognized and valued, existing gender inequalities are reduced and opportunities for effective empowerment for women are promoted. To achieve this objective, Antigua and Barbuda will recognize and integrate the different and complementary roles of men and women into policies and strategies on climate change and will ensure that the implementation of the NDC will be gender responsive." ]

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[ "environmental and climate awareness, public participation of youth organizations and different local actors, teacher training in environmental education for climate change, training and technical assistance for projects that allow communities and citizens to access and acquire knowledge of environmental issues and of climate change. The process of institutionalization of environmental education and culture as public policy will promote the consolidation of comprehensive regulatory frameworks, the incorporation of the environmental and climate dimension into educational and cultural policies, the training of technical management teams and policy design." ]

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[ "Incorporate a mechanism for monitoring and reviewing marine protected areas management plans involving local populations;. Adopt a law to regulate marine spatial planning by 2022 and/or revision and adaptation of the current basic law of territorial planning and urban planning to include maritime spatial planning (a tool that allows the zoning of activities to be developed at sea; law defining the use of maritime space and maritime spatial planning);." ]

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[ "As part of the NAP under preparation, present gender-differentiated and disaggregated data to identify gaps, needs, achievements and opportunities for women, men, the elderly, the youth – children in particular – and marginalised and vulnerable groups, especially in rural communities and report on updates every other year onwards;. Accountability: Every year, DNA and DNP report on progress in empowering vulnerable groups in climate action and on the effects of gender-sensitive climate policy planning, budgeting, implementing." ]

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[ "Finally, and from the generation of spaces for the exchange of experiences and good practices, specialists in the subject,. In terms of raising awareness, a discussion was held to integrate the gender perspective into the climate change agenda, which included views from government management and science. The discussion was aimed at the general public and had the participation of youth organizations that work to raise awareness and sensitize in the fight against climate change." ]

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[ "Brazil has 15.5 million people living below the poverty line, of which 6.2 million live in extreme poverty (2013). Source: MDS. Data Social 2.0. Available at accessed on 24 September 2015. ↩. Source: MCTI. Estimativas anuais de emissões de gases de efeito estufa no Brasil. Second edition (2014). Available at accessed on 2 September 2015. ↩. Not considering removals. ↩." ]

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[ "The implementation of the proposed contribution carries a huge potential of youth job creation in the country either through the local manufacturing/assembly of renewable energy machines/parts or through the forestation and afforestation programmes which demand for labour will be certainly a source of employment for the rural communities. The eventual support provided by the international community to Angola will strengthen the technical capacity of the country s human resources through assisted training and capacity building programmes." ]

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[ "As the average annual precipitation across the country is expected to decline 2.6-3.4% by 2025 and 5.9-6.3% by 2050 this will result direct yield response. As described by PACE experiment59 on the Pastures and Climate Extremes using a factorial combination of elevated temperature (ambient +3°C) and winter/spring extreme drought (60% rainfall reduction) resulted in productivity declines of up to 73%. Functional group identity was not an important predictor of yield response to drought." ]

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[ "Under the Fifth National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Georgia is committed to identify the most vulnerable populated areas in the country with a threat of displacement due to climate change. In addition, Georgia invites international partners to work together on the development of protection programmes for children and their families, who are forced to relocate as a result of natural disasters or crisis induced by climate change;." ]

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[ "In part, the adaptation actions identified reflect an application of the principles of just transition on a global scale. The long-term climate strategy under development by the NCCO with the support of UNDP will include specific gender analysis to incorporate the needs of vulnerable populations in the long term strategy. 9. ICTU Summary. This section summarises the contents and assumptions of Belize’s updated NDC in a consolidated format aligned with the information for clarity, transparency, and understanding framework developed by UNFCCC for the global stocktake." ]

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[ "The objective is to help the government of the Republic of Congo reduce its vulnerability to climate change and increase the adaptive capacity and resilience of rural communities in Ile-Mbamou, which are increasingly affected by impacts of climate change and suffer from low adaptive capacity. 9,700,000. The underlying principle of project implementation is a set of innovative but pragmatic actions." ]

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[ "Vulnerability levels at the national level are generally moderate and sometimes high. As for future impacts, the 2015, 2025, 2050 and 2100 time horizons were chosen to integrate the socio-economic and ecological effects of climate change (DCN, 2011) using appropriate models. Projections include:A continuous sea-level rise of up to about 0.81m by 2100 with direct effects of coastal flooding and the intrusion of saline waters into watercourses and bodies of water. This could affect human settlements, health, fishing activities;." ]

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[ "The population of the Republic of Congo is among the most vulnerable, insofar as it has limited room for adaptation, mainly due to poverty. Maintaining the services provided by natural ecosystems (forests, savannas, hydrological basins, etc.) is essential to ensure future development relays, limit the impacts of climate change and offer possibilities for adaptation to the most vulnerable groups, including are part of women and young people of all socio-cultural categories of urban and rural centers." ]

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[ "Antigua and Barbuda acknowledges the importance of equity and inclusivity in energy transition and is committed to establishing socially inclusive, gender responsive and accessible investment opportunities in renewable energy through an Inclusive Renewable Energy Strategy.30 The aim is to integrate international and regional standards for equitable investment opportunities for its citizens of different gender, people with disabilities, and youth, as well as those households in economic hardship, and MSMEs. Inclusive renewable energy is also a vehicle for entrepreneurship opportunities and households, lowers the cost of energy and can improve livelihoods. 7.6.2." ]

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[ "As a result, the impacts18 of mitigation, adaptation and resilience policies and measures on the workforce and on the creation of decent work and quality jobs has been taken into consideration. Dominica strives for the transition towards an inclusive and low-carbon economy to be just and fair, while at the same time maximising opportunities for economic prosperity, social justice, rights and social protection for all, leaving no one behind." ]

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[ "Despite all of the above, the soundness of public funding and the financial standing of the Government, as well as the credibility attained by the country during the years of application of economic policy based on the Structural Balance Rule, has allowed Chile to stay on the road of sustained growth. Despite Chile’s progress in the 90s in providing coverage in services such as health and education, improving the quality of such services remains an issue." ]

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[ "Due to these circumstances, Ecuador is in the process of formulating the National Climate Change Plan (PNCC) for 2015-2018 that will serve as an instrument to operationalize the National Climate Change Strategy, which works with a sectorial approach, streamlining adaptation and mitigation actions on the basis of the prioritization of key identified sectors. As such, the PNCC 2015-2018 prioritizes the following sectors: agriculture and other land uses, water, ecosystems, energy, risk management and capacity building." ]

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[ "Population growth is near zero percent and life expectancy is high at 79 years. According to the 2000 Census, the population is 93 percent of African descent, three percent of European descent, and the rest of Asian or mixed descent. English is the official language and an English-based Creole is widely spoken. Barbados has a small, open economy, typical for the Caribbean and other small island states." ]

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[ "The process of institutionalization of environmental education and culture as public policy will promote the consolidation of comprehensive regulatory frameworks, the incorporation of the environmental and climate dimension into educational and cultural policies, the training of technical management teams and policy design. educational and cultural programs, the strengthening of innovation projects and lines of research, the systematization and strengthening of existing pedagogical experiences, the carrying out of specific studies on the impacts of climate change on access to the right to education, the perception of climate change in the educational community, and the targeting of cultural policies and programs for populations in vulnerable situations, such as girls and boys, adults, older adults, and people with disabilities." ]

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[ "The development of the aquaculture sector has followed the domestic consumer demand, especially for marine finfish products. Nevertheless, the import of marine aquaculture products (European sea bass and gilthead sea bream) is still insufficient to cover the domestic demand. The main problems faced by aquaculture sector are related to a lack of national inputs. For instance, the fish feed is mainly imported from Italy, France, Germany and Turkey. 3.2. Climate variability and change." ]

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[ "High population density, which leads to high demand for already scarce resources, competition for space, exacerbated risk of natural hazards, etc. The climate change risk profile of Barbados is dominated by coastal and weather effects, especially sea level rise, storm surge, increased tropical storm and hurricane intensity and frequency; and other more slow-onset environmental impacts, such as flooding and drought, which is a very important and specifically Barbadian nuanced issue, as the country already suffers from water scarcity, and changes in rainfall patterns exacerbate this considerably." ]

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[ "Poverty and livelihoods, gender and geographic locations determine the level of climate change vulnerabilities in the country. In the last 30 years, the economy expanded more than four times, consequently halving poverty to 23% by 2016 78. Ghana s sustained economic growth has been influenced by the inflows of proceeds from commodity exports (gold, cocoa, timber, and recently crude oil). In 2019, out of US$22 billion international trade value, gold accounted for 50%, followed by crude oil (22%), cocoa (11%) and other merchantable (17%)9." ]

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[ "In 2020, the Multidimensional Poverty Report of Angola [27] was developed, which considers 4 dimensions: i) Health; ii) Education, iii) Quality of life; iv) Employment - and sixteen indicators that express the different deprivations faced by people living in poverty and are, quite important, to capture the reality of the Country. According to this report, the incidence rate of multidimensional poverty in the rural area (87.8%) is more than double the incidence rate in the urban area (35.0%)." ]

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[ "Prevalence of climate change related to public health problems and diseases will be prevented and reduced by 90%. 5. Means of Implementation. 5.1 Financial Needs. 5.1.1 Mitigation. The full and effective implementation of the Climate resilient Economy Strategy Eritrea requires an estimated expenditure of more than USD 1,086 million by 2030. This indicates the need for major capital investments. Therefore, the types of contributions required to implement Eritrea’s INDC are categorized into unsupported and supported contributions. Table 3: Eritrea’s Investment needs for mitigation measures." ]

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[ "Parallel to this, Ethiopia’s response to climate change aims to integrate actions that improve the status of women and the welfare of children. Furthermore, measures to address climate change will be planned and implemented in a manner that addresses the wellbeing of the elderly, persons with disabilities and environmental refugees. Current and near-term action:Ethiopia has undertaken several strategic and programmatic adaptation actions. The strategies and plans include:a. The National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) since 2007;. b." ]

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[ "The Cuban archipelago is very vulnerable to global climate change, given its condition as a small island state located in the tropical region of the planet. Climate change has been aggravating and will aggravate in the future, the environmental problems facing the country 1 gradually becoming a determining factor of sustainable development. The climate in Cuba today is warmer and more extreme. Since the middle of the last century the average annual temperature has increased by 0.9 degrees Celsius." ]

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[ "Rural Electrification Agency. BAD. African Development Bank. DC. Climatic changes. UNFCCC. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. THESE. Water and soil conservation. COP. Conference of the Parties (at the UNFCCC). SCOND. Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (= INDC). DFP. Permanent forest estate. NPFE. Non-permanent forest estate. ECSD. Growth and Jobs Strategy Paper. EE. Energetic efficiency. RE. Renewable energies. FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization. CFA. Franc CFA. FEICOM. Special fund for equipment and intermunicipal intervention. GHG. Greenhouse gas. IPCC. Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Experts. FDI." ]

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[ "Operationalization of the SIRF Fund to act as an interim regional funding mechanism for the OECS through the financing of high-risk climate action projects, including ones focused on communities and lower-income persons who are at a high risk of being affected by the negative climate change impacts as well as the just transition of the workforce. 2030. 2021. Conditional. 34." ]

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[ "Production data for brewery and alcoholic beverages products were obtained from the relevant companies, alcoholic production data was obtained from two main producers, and soap production from Dominica Coconut Products. Default emission factors offered under the IPCC workbooks were used in calculating the GHG emissions. Production data for bread and similar products were not available, therefore no emissions from bread making were estimated. Energy Sector non- CO2 Emissions." ]

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[ "This iNDC takes into account the role of conservation units and indigenous lands[1] as forest managed areas, in accordance with the applicable IPCC guidelines on the estimation of emission removals.[2]. Use of markets: Brazil reserves its position in relation to the possible use of any market mechanisms that may be established under the Paris agreement. Brazil emphasizes that any transfer of units resulting from mitigation outcomes achieved in the Brazilian territory will be subject to prior and formal consent by the Federal Government." ]

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[ "reduction while managing transitional risk as well as understanding the role of men, women, and youth in a series of detailed technical and policy analysis." ]

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[ "The 2025 commitment to build a monitoring system for tracing climate change related risks to public health and integrate climate change resilience targets into the national One Health policy framework;. The 2025 commitment to create a strong platform for the empowerment of the young, women and society as-a-whole in climate change policymaking and the implementation of climate-change responses fostering knowledge, skills and sustainable jobs." ]

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[ "It is recognized that the social, economic and historical conditions of some populations increase their vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. Among the most vulnerable groups are people with disabilities, transgender people, the elderly, women and youth and children, Indigenous Peoples and Afro-descendant communities, and specific efforts are made to integrate them in appropriate ways in the design of climate action instruments and the NDC in particular." ]

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[ "Costa Rica will explore the potential of public-private investments to support mangrove protection and restoration. 9.12. Costa Rica is committed to promoting sustainable fishing activities, including mariculture, value-added schemes of artisanal and traditional fishing, and marine spatial planning to promote the development of a blue economy. 10. Action for climate empowerment." ]

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[ "Wastewater treatment in rural areas. Wastewater treatment. TNC and communications with national inventory teams. No evolution regarding wastewater treatment methods in rural areas. Increase of the rate of connection of the urban population to shallow anaerobic lagoons. 2009: 1.63%. 2016: 1.71%. 2017: 1.73%. 2020: 1.76%. 2025: 1.82%. W8. Waste. Wastewater treatment in industry. Wastewater treatment. TNC and communications with national inventory teams." ]

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[ "The Aedes mosquitoes vector of dengue is highly sensitive to climate conditions and studies suggest that the effects of climate change is likely to continue to increase our exposure to dengue. Children and the elderly with pre-existing medical conditions are among the most vulnerable to the resulting health risks, which are predicted to be more severe as the effects of climate change worsens." ]

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[ "Ile-Mbamou is a very varied tourist site which is exposed to climatic variability and climate change which causes erosion of its coasts and accentuates the poverty of already destitute populations. The project “Climate services and diversification of climate-sensitive livelihoods to empower vulnerable and food-insecure communities on Ile-Mbamou” will help build the capacity of the government of the Republic of Congo, its line ministries and local authorities and communities to implement climate change adaptation activities in the sectors of food security, nutrition and tourism." ]

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[ "“Conservation units” refers here only to federal and state level protected areas; “indigenous lands” refers to areas at the minimum in the “delimited” stage in the demarcation processes. Even without the role of these managed areas, Brazil’s contribution would still represent a reduction of 31% in 2025 and 37% in 2030 in relation to 2005 levels (GWP-100; IPCC AR5). ↩. Brazil’s Initial National Communication, prior to the applicability of current guidelines, did not consider removals from conservation units and indigenous lands." ]

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[ "recurrent droughts, (decrease in amount of rainfall from 550 to 400mm in the highlands), changes in seasonality that had resulted frequent crop failure, massive death of livestock, genetic erosion, extinction of endemic species, degradation of habitats and disequilibria in the ecosystem structure and function. The impact of climate change is manifested in recurrent droughts, desertification, sea level rise and increase in sea water temperature, depletion of ground water, widespread land degradation, and emergence of climate sensitive diseases." ]