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{ "text": "PREPROCEDURE DIAGNOSIS: , Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever.,POSTPROCEDURE DIAGNOSIS: , Pending pathology.,PROCEDURES PERFORMED: , Colonoscopy with multiple biopsies, including terminal ileum, cecum, hepatic flexure, and sigmoid colon." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 237 }

{ "text": "REASON FOR VISIT: , Overactive bladder with microscopic hematuria.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is a 56-year-old noted to have microscopic hematuria with overactive bladder. Her cystoscopy performed was unremarkable. She continues to have some episodes of frequency and urgency mostly with episodes during the day and rare at night. No gross hematuria, dysuria, pyuria, no other outlet obstructive and/or irritative voiding symptoms. The patient had been previously on Ditropan and did not do nearly as well. At this point, what we will try is a different medication. Renal ultrasound is otherwise unremarkable, notes no evidence of any other disease.,IMPRESSION: , Overactive bladder with microscopic hematuria most likely some mild atrophic vaginitis is noted. She has no other significant findings other than her overactive bladder, which had continued. At this juncture what I would like to do is try a different anticholinergic medication. She has never had any side effects from her medication.,PLAN: , The patient will discontinue Ditropan. We will start Sanctura XR and we will follow up as scheduled. Otherwise we will continue to follow her urinalysis over the next year or so." }

[ { "label": " Urology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1211 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right hip osteoarthritis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right hip osteoarthritis.,PROCEDURES PERFORMED: , Total hip replacement on the right side using the following components:,1. Zimmer trilogy acetabular system 10-degree elevated rim located at the 12 o'clock position.,2. Trabecular metal modular acetabular system 48 mm in diameter.,3. Femoral head 32 mm diameter +0 mm neck length.,4. Alloclassic SL offset stem uncemented for taper.,ANESTHESIA: , Spinal.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:, The patient was brought into the operating room and was placed on the operative table in a lateral decubitus position with the right side up. After review of allergies, antibiotics were administered and time out was performed. The right lower extremity was prepped and draped in a sterile fashion. A 15 cm to 25 cm in length, an incision was made over the greater trochanter. This was angled posteriorly. Access to the tensor fascia lata was performed. This was incised with the use of scissors. Gluteus maximus was separated. The bursa around the hip was identified, and the bleeders were coagulated with the use of Bovie. Hemostasis was achieved. The piriformis fossa was identified, and the piriformis fossa tendon was elevated with the use of a Cobb. It was detached from the piriformis fossa and tagged with 2-0 Vicryl. Access to the capsule was performed. The capsule was excised from the posterior and superior aspects. It was released also in the front with the use of a Mayo scissors. The hip was then dislocated. With the use of an oscillating saw, the femoral neck cut was performed. The acetabulum was then visualized and debrided from soft tissues and osteophytes. Reaming was initiated and completed for a 48 mm diameter cap without complications. The trial component was put in place and was found to be stable in an anatomic position. The actual component was then impacted in the acetabulum. A 10-degree lip polyethylene was also placed in the acetabular cap. Our attention was then focused to the femur. With the use of a cookie cutter, the femoral canal was accessed. The broaching process was initiated for No.4 trial component. Trialing of the hip with the hip flexed at 90 degrees and internally rotated to 30 degrees did not demonstrate any obvious instability or dislocation. In addition, in full extension and external rotation, there was no dislocation. The actual component was inserted in place and hemostasis was achieved again. The wound was irrigated with normal saline. The wound was then closed in layers. Before performing that the medium-sized Hemovac drain was placed in the wound. The tensor fascia lata was closed with 0 PDS and the wound was closed with 2-0 Monocryl. Staples were used for the skin. The patient recovered from anesthesia without complications.,EBL: , 50 mL.,IV FLUIDS: , 2 liters.,DRAINS: , One medium-sized Hemovac.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,DISPOSITION: , The patient was transferred to the PACU in stable condition. She will be weightbearing as tolerated to the right lower extremity with posterior hip precautions. We will start the DVT prophylaxis after the removal of the epidural catheter." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3211 }

{ "text": "EARS, NOSE, MOUTH AND THROAT,EARS/NOSE: , The auricles are normal to palpation and inspection without any surrounding lymphadenitis. There are no signs of acute trauma. The nose is normal to palpation and inspection externally without evidence of acute trauma. Otoscopic examination of the auditory canals and tympanic membranes reveals the auditory canals without signs of mass lesion, inflammation or swelling. The tympanic membranes are without disruption or infection. Hearing intact bilaterally to normal level speech. Nasal mucosa, septum and turbinate examination reveals normal mucous membranes without disruption or inflammation. The septum is without acute traumatic lesions or disruption. The turbinates are without abnormal swelling. There is no unusual rhinorrhea or bleeding. ,LIPS/TEETH/GUMS: ,The lips are without infection, mass lesion or traumatic lesions. The teeth are intact without obvious signs of infection. The gingivae are normal to palpation and inspection. ,OROPHARYNX: ,The oral mucosa is normal. The salivary glands are without swelling. The hard and soft palates are intact. The tongue is without masses or swelling with normal movement. The tonsils are without inflammation. The posterior pharynx is without mass lesion with good patent oropharyngeal airway." }

[ { "label": " Office Notes", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1310 }

{ "text": "EXAM: , Bilateral diagnostic mammogram and right breast ultrasound.,History of palpable abnormality at 10 o'clock in the right breast. Family history of a sister with breast cancer at age 43.,TECHNIQUE: , CC and MLO views of both breasts were obtained. Spot compression views of the palpable area were also obtained. Right breast ultrasound was performed. Comparison is made with mm/dd/yy.,FINDINGS: , The breast parenchymal pattern is stable with heterogeneous scattered areas of fibroglandular tissue. No new mass or architectural distortion is evident. Asymmetric density in the upper outer posterior left breast and a nodule in the upper outer right breast are unchanged. There is no suspicious cluster of microcalcifications.,Directed ultrasonography of the upper outer quadrant of the right breast revealed no cystic or hypoechoic solid mass.,IMPRESSION:,1. Stable mammographic appearance from mm/dd/yy.,2. No sonographic evidence of a mass at 10 o'clock in the right breast to correspond to the palpable abnormality. The need for further assessment of a palpable abnormality should be determined clinically.,BIRADS Classification 2 - Benign" }

[ { "label": " Radiology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1157 }

{ "text": "DATE OF ADMISSION: , MM/DD/YYYY.,DATE OF DISCHARGE: , MM/DD/YYYY.,ADMITTING DIAGNOSIS:, Peritoneal carcinomatosis from appendiceal primary.,DISCHARGE DIAGNOSIS: , Peritoneal carcinomatosis from appendiceal primary.,SECONDARY DIAGNOSIS: , Diarrhea.,ATTENDING PHYSICIAN: , AB CD, M.D.,SERVICE: , General surgery C, Surgery Oncology.,CONSULTING SERVICES:, Urology.,PROCEDURES DURING THIS HOSPITALIZATION:, On MM/DD/YYYY, ,1. Cystoscopy, bilaterally retrograde pyelograms, insertion of bilateral externalized ureteral stents.,2. Exploratory laparotomy, right hemicolectomy, cholecystectomy, splenectomy, omentectomy, IPHC with mitomycin-C.,HOSPITAL COURSE: , The patient is a pleasant 56-year-old gentleman with no significant past medical history who after an extensive workup for peritoneal carcinomatosis from appendiceal primary was admitted on MM/DD/YYYY. He was admitted to General Surgery C Service for a routine preoperative evaluation including baseline labs, bowel prep, urology consult for ureteral stent placement. The patient was taken to the operative suite on MM/DD/YYYY and was first seen by Urology for a cystoscopy with bilateral ureteral stent placement. Dr. XYZ performed an exploratory laparotomy, right hemicolectomy, cholecystectomy, splenectomy, omentectomy, and IPHC with mitomycin-C. The procedure was without complications. The patient was observed closely in the ICU for one day postoperatively for persistent tachycardia after extubation. He was then transferred to the floor where he has done exceptionally well.,On postoperative day #2, the patient passed flatus and we were able to start a clear liquid diet. We advanced him as tolerated to a regular health select diet by postoperative day #4. His pain was well controlled throughout this hospitalization, initially with a PCA pump, which he very seldomly used. He was then switched over to p.o. pain medicines and has required very little for adequate pain control. By postoperative date #2, the patient had been out of bed and ambulating in the hallways. The patient's only problem was with some mild diarrhea on postoperative days #3 and 4. This was thought to be a result of his right hemicolectomy. A C. diff toxin was sent and came back negative and he was started on Imodium to manage his diarrhea. His post-splenectomy vaccines including pneumococcal, HiB, and meningococcal vaccines were administered during his hospitalization.,On the day of discharge, the patient was resting comfortably in the bed without complaints. He had been afebrile throughout his hospitalization and his vital signs were stable. Pertinent physical exam findings include that his abdomen was soft, nondistended and nontender with bowel sounds present throughout. His midline incision is clean, dry, and intact and staples are in place. He is just six days postop, he will go home with his staples in place and they will be removed on his follow-up appointment.,CONDITION AT DISCHARGE: ,The patient was discharged in good and stable condition.,DISCHARGE MEDICATIONS:,1. Multivitamins daily.,2. Lovenox 40 mg in 0.4 mL solution inject subcutaneously once daily for 14 days.,3. Vicodin 5/500 mg and take one tablet by mouth every four hours as needed for pain.,4. Phenergan 12.5 mg tablets, take one tablet by mouth every six hours p.r.n. for nausea.,5. Imodium A-D tablets take one tablet by mouth b.i.d. as needed for diarrhea.,DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS:, The patient was instructed to contact us with any questions or concerns that may arise. In addition, he was instructed to contact us, if he would have fevers greater than 101.4, chills, nausea or vomitting, continuing diarrhea, redness, drainage, or warmth around his incision site. He will be seen in about one week's time in Dr. XYZ's clinic and his staples will be removed at that time.,FOLLOW-UP APPOINTMENT: , The patient will be seen by Dr. XYZ in clinic in one week's time." }

[ { "label": " Discharge Summary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3928 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Low back pain.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Low back pain.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,1. Lumbar discogram L2-3.,2. Lumbar discogram L3-4.,3. Lumbar discogram L4-5.,4. Lumbar discogram L5-S1.,ANESTHESIA: ,IV sedation.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: ,The patient was brought to the Radiology Suite and placed prone onto a radiolucent table. The C-arm was brought into the operative field and AP, left right oblique and lateral fluoroscopic images of the L1-2 through L5-S1 levels were obtained. We then proceeded to prepare the low back with a Betadine solution and draped sterile. Using an oblique approach to the spine, the L5-S1 level was addressed using an oblique projection angled C-arm in order to allow for perpendicular penetration of the disc space. A metallic marker was then placed laterally and a needle entrance point was determined. A skin wheal was raised with 1% Xylocaine and an #18-gauge needle was advanced up to the level of the disc space using AP, oblique and lateral fluoroscopic projections. A second needle, #22-gauge 6-inch needle was then introduced into the disc space and with AP and lateral fluoroscopic projections, was placed into the center of the nucleus. We then proceeded to perform a similar placement of needles at the L4-5, L3-4 and L2-3 levels.,A solution of Isovue 300 with 1 gm of Ancef was then drawn into a 10 cc syringe and without informing the patient of our injecting, we then proceeded to inject the disc spaces sequentially." }

[ { "label": " Neurology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1494 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Syncopal episodes with injury. See electrophysiology consultation.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Normal electrophysiologic studies.,2. No inducible arrhythmia.,3. Procainamide infusion negative for Brugada syndrome.,PROCEDURES:,1. Comprehensive electrophysiology studies with attempted arrhythmia induction.,2. IV Procainamide infusion for Brugada syndrome.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:, The patient gave informed consent for comprehensive electrophysiologic studies. She received small amounts of intravenous fentanyl and Versed for conscious sedation. Then 1% lidocaine local anesthesia was used. Three catheters were placed via the right femoral vein; 5-French catheters to the right ventricular apex and right atrial appendage; and a 6-French catheter to the His bundle. Later in the procedure, the RV apical catheter was moved to RV outflow tract.,ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL FINDINGS:, Conduction intervals in sinus rhythm were normal. Sinus cycle length 768 ms, PA interval 24 ms, AH interval 150 ms, HV interval 46 ms. Sinus node recovery times were also normal at 1114 ms. Corrected sinus node recovery time was normal at 330 ms. One-to-one AV conduction was present to cycle length 480 ms, AH interval 240 ms, HV interval 54 ms. AV nodal effective refractory period was normal, 440 ms at drive cycle length 600 ms. RA-ERP was 250 ms. With ventricular pacing, there was VA disassociation present.,Since there was no evidence for dual AV nodal pathways, and poor retrograde conduction, isoproterenol infusion was not performed to look for SVT.,Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed at both right ventricular apex and right ventricular outflow tracts. Drive cycle length 600, 500, and 400 ms was used with triple extrastimuli down to troubling intervals of 180 ms, or refractoriness. There was no inducible VT. Longest run was 5 beats of polymorphic VT, which is a nonspecific finding. From the apex 400-600 with 2 extrastimuli were delivered, again with no inducible VT.,Procainamide was then infused, 20 mg/kg over 10 minutes. There were no ST segment changes. HV interval after IV Procainamide remained normal at 50 ms.,ASSESSMENT: , Normal electrophysiologic studies. No evidence for sinus node dysfunction or atrioventricular block. No inducible supraventricular tachycardia or ventricular tachycardia, and no evidence for Brugada syndrome.,PLAN: , The patient will follow up with Dr. X. She recently had an ambulatory EEG. I will plan to see her again on a p.r.n. basis should she develop a recurrent syncopal episodes. Reveal event monitor was considered, but not placed since she has only had one single episode." }

[ { "label": " Cardiovascular / Pulmonary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2681 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, A 14-day-old was seen by private doctor because of blister. On Friday, she was noted to have a small blister near her umbilicus. They went to their doctor on Saturday, culture was drawn. It came back today, growing MRSA. She has been doing well. They put her on bacitracin ointment near the umbilicus. That has about healed up. However today, they noticed a small blister on her left temporal area. They called the private doctor. They direct called the Infectious Disease doctor here and was asked that they come into the hospital. Mom states she has been diagnosed with MRSA on her buttocks as well and is on some medications. The child has not had any fever. She has not been lethargic or irritable. She has been eating well up to 2 ounces every feed. Eating well and sleeping well. No other changes have been noted.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:, She was born full term. No complications. Home with mom. No hospitalization, surgeries, allergies.,MEDICATIONS: , As noted.,IMMUNIZATIONS: , Up-to-date.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Negative.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , No ill contacts. No travel or changes in living condition.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: ,Ten systems were asked, all of them were negative except as noted above.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: ,GENERAL: Awake, alert female, no acute distress at this time.,HEENT: Fontanelle soft and flat. PERRLA. EOMI. Conjunctivae are clear. TMS are clear. Nares are clear. Mucous membranes pinks and moist. Throat clear. No oral lesions.,NECK: Supple.,LUNGS: Clear.,HEART: Regular rate and rhythm. Normal S1, S2. No murmur.,ABDOMEN: Soft, nontender. Positive bowel sounds. No guarding, no rebound. No rashes seen.,EXTREMITIES: Capillary refill is brisk. Good distal pulses.,NEUROLOGIC: Cranial nerves II through XII intact. 5/5 strength in all extremities.,SKIN: Her umbilicus looks completely clear. There is no evidence of erythema. The area that the parents point where the blister was, appears to be well healed. There is no evidence of lesion noted, at this time. On her left temple area and just inside her hairline, there is a small vesicle. It is not a pustule. It is almost flat and it has minimal fluid underneath that. There is no surrounding erythema, tenderness. I have inspected the body, head to toe. No other areas of lesions seen.,EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT COURSE: , I spoke with Infectious Disease, Dr. X. He states, we should treat for MRSA with Bactrim p.o. There has been no evidence of jaundice with this little girl. Hibiclens and Bactroban. I spoke with Dr. X's associate to call back after Dr. X recommended a Herpes culture be done, just for completeness and that was done. Blood culture was done here to make sure she did not have MRSA in her blood, which clinically, she does not appear to have. She was discharged in stable condition.,IMPRESSION: , Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.,PLAN: , MRSA Instructions were given as above and antibiotics were prescribed. To follow up with their doctor." }

[ { "label": " Dermatology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3040 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Ta grade III TIS transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.,2. Lower tract outlet obstructive symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy.,3. Inability to pass a Foley catheter x3.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Ta grade III TIS transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.,2. Lower tract outlet obstructive symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy.,3. Inability to pass a Foley catheter x3.,PROCEDURES:,1. Cystoscopy.,2. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).,ANESTHESIA: , General laryngeal mask.,INDICATIONS: , This patient is a 61-year-old white male who has been treated at the VA in Houston for a bladder cancer. His history dates back to 2003 when he had a non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. He had multiple cystoscopies and followups since that time with no evidence of recurrence. However, on recent cystoscopy, he had what appeared to be a recurrent tumor and was taken to the operating room and had this resected with findings of a Ta grade III transitional cell carcinoma associated with carcinoma in situ. Retrograde pyelograms were suspicious on the right and cleared with ureteroscopy and the left renal pelvic washing was positive but this may represent contamination from the lower urinary tract as radiographically, there were no abnormalities. I had cystoscoped the patient in the office showed during the period of time when he had significant irritative burning symptoms, and there were still healing biopsy sites. We elected to allow his bladder to recover before starting the BCG. We were ready to do that last week but two doctors and a nurse including myself were unable to pass Foley catheter. I repeated a cystoscopy in the office with findings of a high bladder neck and BPH. After a lengthy discussion with the patient and his wife, we elected to proceed with TURP after a full informed consent.,FINDINGS: , At cystoscopy, there was bilobular prostatic hyperplasia and a very high riding bladder neck, which may have been the predominant cause of his difficulty catheterizing and obstructive symptoms. There were mucosal changes on the left posterior wall in the midline suspicious for carcinoma in situ.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , The patient was brought to the cystoscopy suite and after adequate general laryngeal mask anesthesia obtained and placed in the dorsal lithotomy position, his perineum and genitalia were sterilely prepped and draped in the usual fashion. A cystourethroscopy was performed with a #23 French ACMI panendoscope and 70-degree lens with the findings as described. We removed the cystoscope and passed a #28 French continuous flow resectoscope sheath under visual obturator after dilating the meatus to #32 French with van Buren sounds. Inspection of bladder again was made noting the location of the ureteral orifices relative to the bladder neck. The groove was cut at 6 o'clock to open the bladder neck to verumontanum and then the left lobe was resected from 1 o'clock to 5 o'clock. Hemostasis was achieved, and then a similar procedure performed in the right side. We resected the anterior stromal tissue and the apical tissue and then obtained complete hemostasis. Chips were removed with Ellik evacuator. There was no bleeding at the conclusion of the procedure, and the resectoscope was removed. A #24 French three-way Foley catheter was placed with efflux of clear irrigant. The patient was returned to the supine position, awakened, extubated, and taken on a stretcher to the recovery room in satisfactory condition." }

[ { "label": " Urology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3572 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: ,Carcinoma of the left upper lobe.,PROCEDURES PERFORMED:,1. Bronchoscopy with aspiration.,2. Left upper lobectomy.,PROCEDURE DETAILS: ,With patient in supine position under general anesthesia with endotracheal tube in place, the flexible bronchoscope was then placed down through the endotracheal tube to examine the carina. The carina was in the midline and sharp. Moving directly to the right side, the right upper and middle lower lobes were examined and found to be free of obstructions. Aspiration was carried out for backlog ________ examination. We then moved to left side, left upper lobe. There was a tumor mass located in the lingula of the left lobe and left lower lobe found free of obstruction. No anatomic lesions were demonstrated. The patient was prepared for left thoracotomy rotated to his right side with a double lumen endotracheal tube in place with an NG tube and a Foley catheter. After proper position, utilizing Betadine solution, they were draped. A posterolateral left thoracotomy incision was performed. Hemostasis was secured with electrocoagulation. The chest wall muscle was then divided over the sixth rib. The periosteum of the sixth rib was then removed superiorly and the pleural cavity was entered carefully. At this time, the mass was felt in the left upper lobe, which measures greater than 3 cm by palpation. We examined the superior mediastinum. No lymph nodes were demonstrated as well as in the anterior mediastinum. Direction was then moved to the fascia where by utilizing sharp and blunt dissection, lingual artery was separated into the left upper lobe. Casual dissection was carried out with superior segmental arteries and left lower lobe was examined.,Dissection was carried out around the pulmonary artery thus exposing the posterior artery to the left upper lobe. Direction was carried out to the superior pulmonary vein and utilizing sharp and blunt dissection the entire superior pulmonary vein was separated from the surrounding tissue. From the top side, the bronchus was then separated away from the pulmonary artery anteriorly, thus exposing the apical posterior artery, which was short. Tumor mass was close to the artery at this time. We then directed ourselves once again to the lingual artery which was doubly ligated and cut free. The posterior artery of the superior branch was doubly ligated and cut free also. At this time, the bronchus of the left upper lobe was encountered in the fissure on palpation to separate the upper lobe bronchus from lower lobe bronchus and the area was accomplished. We then moved anteriorly to doubly ligate the pulmonary vein using #00 silk sutures for ligation and a transection #00 silk suture was used to fixate the vein. Using sharp and blunt dissection, the bronchus through the left upper lobe was freed proximal. Using the TA 50, the bronchus was then cut free allowing the lung to fall superiorly at which time direction was carried out to the pulmonary artery where the tumor was in close proximity at this time. A Potts clamp arterial was then placed over the artery and shaving off the tumor and the apical posterior artery was then accomplished. The anterior artery was seen in the clamp also and was separated and ligated and separated. At this time, the entire tumor in the left upper lobe was then removed. ,Direction was carried to the suture where #000 silk was used as a running suture over the pulmonary artery and was here doubly run and tied in place. The clamp was then removed. No bleeding was seen at this time. Lymph nodes were then removed from the sump of the separation between the upper lobe and the lower lobe and sent for separate pathology. We then carried out incision in the inferior pulmonary ligament up to the pulmonary vein allowing the lung to reexpand to its normal position. At this time, two chest tubes #28 and #32 were placed anteriorly and posteriorly to fixate the skin using raw silk suture. The chest cavity was then closed. After reexamination, no bleeding was seen with three pericostal sutures of #1 chromic double strength. A #2-0 Polydek was then used to close the chest wall muscle the anterior as well as latissimus dorsi #000 chromic subcutaneous tissue skin clips to the skin. The chest tubes were attached to the Pleur-Evac drainage and placed on suction at this time. The patient was extubated in the room without difficulty and sent to Recovery in satisfactory." }

[ { "label": " Cardiovascular / Pulmonary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4485 }

{ "text": "DIAGNOSIS: , Multiparous female, desires permanent sterilization.,NAME OF OPERATION: , Laparoscopic bilateral tubal ligation with Falope rings.,ANESTHESIA: , General, ET tube.,COMPLICATIONS:, None.,FINDINGS: ,Normal female anatomy except for mild clitoromegaly and a posterior uterine fibroid.,PROCEDURE: , The patient was taken to the operating room and placed on the table in the supine position. After adequate general anesthesia was obtained, she was placed in the lithotomy position and examined. She was found to have an anteverted uterus and no adnexal mass. She was prepped and draped in the usual fashion. The Foley catheter was placed. A Hulka cannula was inserted into the cervix and attached to the anterior lip of the cervix.,An infraumbilical incision was made with the knife. A Veress needle was inserted into the abdomen. Intraperitoneal location was verified with approximately 10 cc of sterile solution. A pneumoperitoneum was created. The Veress needle was then removed, and a trocar was inserted directly without difficulty. Intraperitoneal location was verified visually with the laparoscope. There was no evidence of any intra-abdominal trauma.,Each fallopian tube was elevated with a Falope ring applicator, and a Falope ring was placed on each tube with a 1-cm to 1.5-cm portion of the tube above the Falope ring.,The pneumoperitoneum was evacuated, and the trocar was removed under direct visualization. An attempt was made to close the fascia with a figure-of-eight suture. However, this was felt to be more subcutaneous. The skin was closed in a subcuticular fashion, and the patient was taken to the recovery room awake with vital signs stable." }

[ { "label": " Obstetrics / Gynecology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1688 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Neurologic devastation secondary to nonaccidental trauma.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Neurologic devastation secondary to nonaccidental trauma.,PROCEDURE: , Laparoscopic G-tube placement (14-French 1.2-cm MIC-Key).,INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE: , This patient is a 5-month-old baby boy who presented unfortunately because of nonaccidental trauma. The patient suffered neurologic devastation. In order to facilitate enteral feedings, the plan is to place a G-tube as the patient cannot take by mouth. Consent was obtained by court order as the patient is a ward of the state.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: ,The patient was taken to the operating room, placed supine, put under general endotracheal anesthesia. The patient's abdomen was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. An incision was made through the umbilicus. Peritoneal cavity entered bluntly. A 5-mm trocar was introduced. Abdomen was insufflated with a 5-mm scope. No obvious pathology noted. We visualized the stomach. We chose the spot in the left upper quadrant for future G-tube site. I made a small incision on the skin there, put another 5-mm trocar at that site. Using a Babcock, we grasped the stomach along the greater curvature site for further G-tube. I pulled a knuckle of stomach through the incision and secured with 4-0 Vicryl. I then used 3-0 Prolene sutures as tacking sutures on either side of the future G-tube site taking full-thickness abdominal wall through stomach and back out the abdominal wall. I then pulled the knuckle of stomach back up through the incision, made a gastrotomy, and then put a 4-0 pursestring around the gastrotomy site, introduced the 14, 1.2- cm MIC-Key into the stomach. The gastrotomy site insufflated with 5 mL of saline. We then tied down the pursestring. On the laparoscopy, the G-tube looked to be in good position. I insufflated the stomach through the G-tube, which I did and removed air subsequently. I then placed 2 x 2 underneath the G-tube and tied down tacking sutures around the G-tube itself, placed the G-tube to gravity, desufflated the abdomen, closed the umbilical port site fascia with 3-0 Vicryl, closed skin with 5-0 Monocryl, and dressed with bacitracin, 2 x 2, and Steri-Strips. The patient was extubated in the operating room and taken back to recovery room. The patient tolerated the procedure well." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2385 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Dysphagia and esophageal spasm.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Esophagitis and esophageal stricture.,PROCEDURE:, Gastroscopy.,MEDICATIONS:, MAC.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The Olympus gastroscope was introduced into the oropharynx and passed carefully through the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, to the third portion of the duodenum. The hypopharynx was normal and the upper esophageal sphincter was unremarkable. The esophageal contour was normal, with the gastroesophageal junction located at 38 cm from the incisors. At this point, there were several linear erosions and a sense of stricturing at 38 cm. Below this, there was a small hiatal hernia with the hiatus noted at 42 cm from the incisors. The mucosa within the hernia was normal. The gastric lumen was normal with normal mucosa throughout. The pylorus was patent permitting passage of the scope into the duodenum, which was normal through the third portion. During withdrawal of the scope, additional views were obtained of the cardia, confirming the presence of a small hiatal hernia. It was decided to attempt dilation of the strictured area, so an 18-mm TTS balloon was placed across the stricture and inflated to the recommended diameter. When the balloon was fully inflated, the lumen appeared to be larger than 18 mm diameter, suggesting that the stricture was in fact not a significant one. No stretching of the mucosa took place. The balloon was deflated and the scope was withdrawn. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was sent to the recovery room.,FINAL DIAGNOSES:,1. Esophagitis.,2. Minor stricture at the gastroesophageal junction.,3. Hiatal hernia.,4. Otherwise normal upper endoscopy to the transverse duodenum.,RECOMMENDATIONS: ,Continue proton pump inhibitor therapy." }

[ { "label": " Gastroenterology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1800 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:, Prior history of anemia, abdominal bloating.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, External hemorrhoids, otherwise unremarkable colonoscopy.,PREMEDICATIONS:, Versed 5 mg, Demerol 50 mg IV.,REPORT OF PROCEDURE:, Digital rectal exam revealed external hemorrhoids. The colonoscope was inserted into the rectal ampulla and advanced to the cecum. The position of the scope within the cecum was verified by identification of the appendiceal orifice. The cecum, the ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, and rectum were normal. The scope was retroflexed in the rectum and no abnormality was seen. So the scope was straightened, withdrawn, and the procedure terminated.,ENDOSCOPIC IMPRESSION:,1. Normal colonoscopy.,2. External hemorrhoids." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 805 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , This is a 12-year-old male, who was admitted to the Emergency Department, who fell off his bicycle, not wearing a helmet, a few hours ago. There was loss of consciousness. The patient complains of neck pain.,CHRONIC/INACTIVE CONDITIONS:, None.,PERSONAL/FAMILY/SOCIAL HISTORY/ILLNESSES:, None.,PREVIOUS INJURIES: , Minor.,MEDICATIONS: , None.,PREVIOUS OPERATIONS: , None.,ALLERGIES: ,NONE KNOWN.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Negative for heart disease, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cancer or stroke.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient is single. He is a student. He does not smoke, drink alcohol or consume drugs.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS,CONSTITUTIONAL: The patient denies weight loss/gain, fever, chills.,ENMT: The patient denies headaches, nosebleeds, voice changes, blurry vision, changes in/loss of vision.,CV: The patient denies chest pain, SOB supine, palpitations, edema, varicose veins, leg pains.,RESPIRATORY: The patient denies SOB, wheezing, sputum production, bloody sputum, cough.,GI: The patient denies heartburn, blood in stools, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, constipation.,GU: The patient denies painful/burning urination, cloudy/dark urine, flank pain, groin pain.,MS: The patient denies joint pain/stiffness, backaches, tendon/ligaments/muscle pains/strains, bone aches/pains, muscle weakness.,NEURO: The patient had a loss of consciousness during the accident. He does not recall the details of the accident. Otherwise, negative for blackouts, seizures, loss of memory, hallucinations, weakness, numbness, tremors, paralysis.,PSYCH: Negative for anxiety, irritability, apathy, depression, sleep disturbances, appetite disturbances, suicidal thoughts.,INTEGUMENTARY: Negative for unusual hair loss/breakage, skin lesions/discoloration, unusual nail breakage/discoloration.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION,CONSTITUTIONAL: Blood pressure 150/75, pulse rate 80, respirations 18, temperature 37.4, saturation 97% on room air. The patient shows moderate obesity.,NECK: The neck is symmetric, the trachea is in the midline, and there are no masses. No crepitus is palpated. The thyroid is palpable, not enlarged, smooth, moves with swallowing, and has no palpable masses.,RESPIRATIONS: Normal respiratory effort. There is no intercostal retraction or action by the accessory muscles. Normal breath sounds bilaterally with no rhonchi, wheezing or rubs.,CARDIOVASCULAR: The PMI is palpable at the 5ICS in the MCL. No thrills on palpation. S1 and S2 are easily audible. No audible S3, S4, murmur, click or rub. Abdominal aorta is not palpable. No audible abdominal bruits. Femoral pulses are 3+ bilaterally, without audible bruits. Extremities show no edema or varicosities.,GASTROINTESTINAL: No palpable tenderness or masses. Liver and spleen are percussed but not palpable under the costal margins. No evidence for umbilical or groin herniae.,LYMPHATIC: No nodes over 3 mm in the neck, axillae or groins.,MUSCULOSKELETAL: Normal gait and station. The patient is on a stretcher. Symmetric muscle strength and normal tone, without signs of atrophy or abnormal movements.,SKIN: There is a hematoma in the forehead and one in the occipital scalp, and there are abrasions in the upper extremities and abrasions on the knees. No induration or subcutaneous nodules to palpation.,NEUROLOGIC: Normal sensation by touch. The patient moves all four extremities.,PSYCHIATRIC: Oriented to time, place, and person. Appropriate mood and affect.,LABORATORY DATA: Reviewed chest x-ray, which is normal, right hand x-ray, which is normal, and an MRI of the head, which is normal.,DIAGNOSES,1. Concussion.,2. Facial abrasion.,3. Scalp laceration.,4. Knee abrasions.,PLANS/RECOMMENDATIONS:, Admitted for observation." }

[ { "label": " Emergency Room Reports", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3765 }

{ "text": "CHIEF REASON FOR CONSULTATION:, Evaluate exercise-induced chest pain, palpitations, dizzy spells, shortness of breath, and abnormal EKG.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, This 72-year-old female had a spell of palpitations that lasted for about five to ten minutes. During this time, patient felt extremely short of breath and dizzy. Palpitations lasted for about five to ten minutes without any recurrence. Patient also gives history of having tightness in the chest after she walks briskly up to a block. Chest tightness starts in the retrosternal area with radiation across the chest. Chest tightness does not radiate to the root of the neck or to the shoulder, lasts anywhere from five to ten minutes, and is relieved with rest. Patient gives history of having hypertension for the last two months. Patient denies having diabetes mellitus, history suggestive of previous myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accident.,MEDICATIONS: , ,1. Astelin nasal spray.,2. Evista 60 mg daily.,3. Lopressor 25 mg daily.,4. Patient was given a sample of Diovan 80 mg daily for the control of hypertension from my office.,PAST HISTORY:, The patient underwent right foot surgery and C-section.,FAMILY HISTORY:, The patient is married, has six children who are doing fine. Father died of a stroke many years ago. Mother had arthritis.,SOCIAL HISTORY:, The patient does not smoke or take any drinks. ,ALLERGIES:, THE PATIENT IS NOT ALLERGIC TO ANY MEDICATIONS.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, Otherwise negative. ,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , ,GENERAL: Well-built, well-nourished white female in no acute distress. ,VITAL SIGNS: Blood pressure is 160/80. Respirations 18 per minute. Heart rate 70 beats per minute. Patient weighs 133 pounds, height 64 inches. BMI is 22.,HEENT: Head normocephalic. Eyes, no evidence of anemia or jaundice. Oral hygiene is good.,NECK: Supple. No cervical lymphadenopathy. Carotid upstroke is good. No bruit heard over the carotid or subclavian arteries. Trachea in midline. Thyroid not enlarged. JVP flat at 45°.,CHEST: Chest is symmetrical on both sides, moves well with respirations. Vesicular breath sounds heard over the lung fields. No wheezing, crepitation, or pleural friction rub heard. ,CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: PMI felt in fifth left intercostal space within midclavicular line. First and second heart sounds are normal in character. There is a II/VI systolic murmur best heard at the apex. There is no diastolic murmur or gallop heard.,ABDOMEN: Soft. There is no hepatosplenomegaly or ascites. No bruit heard over the aorta or renal vessels.,EXTREMITIES: No pedal edema. Femoral arterial pulsations are 3+, popliteal 2+. Dorsalis pedis and posterior tibialis are 1+ on both sides.,NEURO: Normal.,EKG from Dr. Xyz's office shows normal sinus rhythm, ST and T wave changes. Lipid profile, random blood sugar, BUN, creatinine, CBC, and LFTs are normal.,IMPRESSION:," }

[ { "label": " Cardiovascular / Pulmonary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2921 }

{ "text": "PROCEDURES:,1. Placement of SynchroMed infusion pump.,2. Tunneling of SynchroMed infusion pump catheter,3. Anchoring of the intrathecal catheter and connecting of the right lower quadrant SynchroMed pump catheter to the intrathecal catheter.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , Under general endotracheal anesthesia, the patient was placed in a lateral decubitus position. The patient was prepped and draped in a sterile manner. The intrathecal catheter was placed via a percutaneous approach by the pain management specialist at which point an incision was made adjacent to the needle containing the intrathecal catheter. This incision was carried down through the skin and subcutaneous tissue to the paraspinous muscle fascia which was cleared around the entry point of the intrathecal catheter needle. A pursestring suture of 3-0 Prolene was placed around the needle in the paraspinous muscle. The needle was withdrawn. The pursestring suture was tied to snug the tissues around the catheter and prevent cerebrospinal fluid leak. The catheter demonstrated free flow of cerebrospinal fluid,throughout the RV procedure. The catheter was anchored to the paraspinous muscle with an anchoring device using interrupted sutures of 3-0 Prolene. Antibiotic irrigation and antibiotic soak sponge were placed into the wound, and the catheter was clamped to prevent persistent leakage of cerebrospinal fluid while the SynchroMed-pump pocket was created. Then, I turned my attention to the anterior abdominal wall where an oblique incision was made and carried down through the skin and subcutaneous tissue to the external oblique fascia, which was freed from attachments to the overlying subcutaneous tissue utilizing blunt and sharp dissection with electrocautery. A pocket was created that would encompass the SynchroMed fusion pump. A tunneling device was then passed through the subcutaneous tissue from the back incision to the abdominal incision, and a SynchroMed pump catheter was placed to the tunneling device. The tunneling device was then removed leaving the SynchroMed pump catheter extending from the anterior abdominal wall incision to the posterior back incision. The intrathecal catheter was trimmed. A clear plastic boot was placed over the intrathecal catheter, and the connecting device was advanced from the SynchroMed pump catheter into the intrathecal catheter connecting the 2 catheters together. The clear plastic boot was then placed over the connection, and it was anchored in place with 0-silk ties. Good CSF was then demonstrated flowing through the SynchroMed pump catheter. The SynchroMed pump catheter was connected to the SynchroMed pump and anchored in place with a 0-silk tie. Excess catheter was coiled and placed behind the pump. The pump was placed into the subcutaneous pocket created for it on the anterior abdominal wall. The pump was anchored to the anterior abdominal wall fascia with interrupted sutures of 2-0 Prolene; 4 of the sutures were placed. The subcutaneous tissues were irrigated with normal saline. The subcutaneous tissue of both wounds was closed with running suture of 3-0 Vicryl. The skin of both wounds was closed with staples. Antibiotic ointment and a sterile dressing were applied. The patient was awake and taken to the recovery room. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was stable at the completion of the procedure. All sponge and lap, needle and instrument counts were correct at the completion of the procedure." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3501 }

{ "text": "CHIEF COMPLAINT: , Newly diagnosed T-cell lymphoma.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is a very pleasant 40-year-old gentleman who reports swelling in his left submandibular region that occurred all of a sudden about a month and a half ago. He was originally treated with antibiotics as a possible tooth abscess. Prior to this event, in March of 2010, he was treated for strep throat. The pain at that time was on the right side. About a month ago, he started having night sweats. The patient reports feeling hot, when he went to bed he fall asleep and would wake up soaked. All these symptoms were preceded by overwhelming fatigue and exhaustion. He reports being under significant amount of stress as he and his mom just recently moved from their house to a mobile home. With the fatigue, he has had some mild chest pain and shortness of breath, and has also noted a decrease in his appetite, although he reports his weight has been stable. He also reports occasional headaches with some stabbing and pain in his feet and legs. He also complains of some left groin pain.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , Significant for HIV diagnosed in 2000. He also had mononucleosis at that time. The patient reports being on anti-hepatitis viral therapy period that was very intense. He took the meds for about six months, he reports stopping, and prior to 2002 at one point during his treatment, he was profoundly weak and found to have hemoglobin less than 4 and required three units of packed red blood cells. He reports no other history of transfusions. He has history of spontaneous pneumothorax. The first episode was 1989 on his right lung. In 1990 he had a slow collapse of the left lung. He reports no other history of pneumothoraces. In 2003, he had shingles. He went through antiviral treatment at that time and he also reports another small outbreak in 2009 that he treated with topical therapy.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Notable for his mother who is currently battling non-small cell lung cancer. She is a nonsmoker. His sister is Epstein-Barr virus positive. The patient's mother also reports that she is Epstein-Barr virus positive. His maternal grandfather died from complications from melanoma. His mother also has diabetes.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient is single. He currently lives with his mother in house for several both in New York and here in Colorado. His mother moved out to Colorado eight years ago and he has been out here for seven years. He currently is self employed and does antiquing. He has also worked as nurses' aide and worked in group home for the state of New York for the developmentally delayed. He is homosexual, currently not sexually active. He does have smoking history as about a thirteen and a half pack year history of smoking, currently smoking about a quarter of a pack per day. He does not use alcohol or illicit drugs.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , As mentioned above his weight has been fairly stable. Although, he suffered from obesity as a young teenager, but through a period of anorexia, but his weight has been stable now for about 20 years. He has had night sweats, chest pain, and is also suffering from some depression as well as overwhelming fatigue, stabbing, short-lived headaches and occasional shortness of breath. He has noted some stool irregularity with occasional loose stools and new onset of pain predominantly in left neck. He has had fevers as well. The rest of his review of systems is negative.,PHYSICAL EXAM:,VITALS:" }

[ { "label": " Hematology - Oncology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3503 }

{ "text": "PROBLEMS LIST:,1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, insulin pump requiring.,2. Chronic kidney disease, stage III.,3. Sweet syndrome.,4. Hypertension.,5. Dyslipidemia.,6. Osteoporosis.,7. Anemia.,8. A 25-hydroxy-vitamin D deficiency.,9. Peripheral neuropathy manifested by insensate feet.,10. Hypothyroidism.,11. Diabetic retinopathy.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, This is a return visit to the renal clinic for the patient where she is followed up for diabetes and kidney disease management. Her last visit to this clinic was approximately three months ago. Since that time, the patient states that she has had some variability in her glucose control too largely to recent upper and lower respiratory illnesses. She did not seek attention for these, and the symptoms have begun to subside on their own and in the meantime, she continues to have some difficulties with blood sugar management. Her 14-day average is 191. She had a high blood sugar this morning, which she attributed to a problem with her infusion set; however, in the clinic after an appropriate correction bolus, she subsequently became quite low. She was treated appropriately with glucose and crackers, and her blood sugar came back up to over 100. She was able to manage this completely on her own. In the meantime, she is not having any other medical problems that have interfered with glucose control. Her diet has been a little bit different in that she had been away visiting with her family for some period of time as well.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS:,1. A number of topical creams for her rash.,2. Hydroxyzine 25 mg 4 times a day.,3. Claritin 5 mg a day.,4. Fluoxetine 20 mg a day.,5. Ergocalciferol 800 international units a day.,6. Protonix 40 mg a day.,7. Iron sulfate 1.2 cc every day.,8. Actonel 35 mg once a week.,9. Zantac 150 mg daily.,10. Calcium carbonate 500 mg 3 times a day.,11. NovoLog insulin via insulin pump about 30 units of insulin daily.,12. Zocor 40 mg a day.,13. Valsartan 80 mg daily.,14. Amlodipine 5 mg a day.,15. Plavix 75 mg a day.,16. Aspirin 81 mg a day.,17. Lasix 20 mg a day.,18. Levothyroxine 75 micrograms a day.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , Really not much change. Her upper respiratory symptoms have resolved. She is not describing fevers, chills, sweats, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea or abdominal pain. She is not having any decreased appetite. She is not having painful urination, any blood in the urine, frequency or hesitancy. She is not having polyuria, polydipsia or polyphagia. Her visual acuity has declined, but she does not appear to have any acute change.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,VITAL SIGNS: Temperature 36.1, pulse 56, respirations 16, blood pressure 117/48, and weight is 109.7 pounds. HEENT: Examination found her to be atraumatic and normocephalic. She has pupils that are equal, round, and reactive to light. Extraocular muscles intact. Sclerae and conjunctivae are clear. The paranasal sinuses are nontender. The nose is patent. The external auditory canal and tympanic membranes are clear A.U. Oral cavity and oropharynx examination is free of lesions. The mucosus membranes are moist. NECK: Supple. There is no lymphadenopathy. There is no thyromegaly. THORAX: Reveals lungs that are clear, PA and lateral, without adventitious sounds. CARDIOVASCULAR: Demonstrated regular rate and rhythm. EXTREMITIES: Reveal no edema and is otherwise deferred.,ASSESSMENT AND PLAN: , This is a return visit to the renal clinic for the patient with history as noted above. She has had variability in her glucose control, and the plan today is to continue her current regimen, which includes the following: Basal rate, 12 a.m. 0.6 units per hour, 4 a.m. 0.7 units per hour, and 9 a.m. 0.6 units per hour. Her target pre-meal is 120 and bedtime is 150. Her insulin/carbohydrate ratio is 10 and her correction factor is 60. We are not going to make any changes to her insulin pump settings at this time. I have encouraged her to watch the number of processed high-calorie foods that she is consuming late at night. She has agreed to try that and cut back on this a little bit. I want to get fasting labs to include her standard labs for us today but include a fasting C-peptide and a hemoglobin A1C, so that we can make arrangements for her to get an upgraded insulin pump. She states to me that she has been having some battery problems in the recent past, although she says the last time that she went four weeks without having to change batteries and that is about the appropriate amount of time. Nonetheless, she is out of warranty and we will try to get her a new pump.,Plan to see the patient back here in approximately two months, and we will try to get the new pump through Medicare." }

[ { "label": " SOAP / Chart / Progress Notes", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4764 }

{ "text": "PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:, After written consent was obtained from the patient, the patient was brought back into the operating room and identified. The patient was placed on the operating room table in supine position and given anesthetic.,Once adequate anesthesia had been achieved, a careful examination of the shoulder was performed. It revealed no patholigamentous laxity. We then placed the patient into a beach-chair position, maintaining a neutral alignment of the head, neck, and thorax. The shoulder was then prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. We then injected the glenohumeral joint with 60 cc of sterile saline solution. A small stab incision was made 2 cm inferior and 2 cm medial to the posterolateral angle of the acromion. Through this incision, a blunt trocar was placed.,We then placed the camera through this cannula and the shoulder was insufflated with sterile saline solution. An anterior portal was made just below the subscapularis and then we began to inspect the shoulder joint.,We found that the articular surface was in good condition. The biceps was found to be intact. There was a SLAP tear noted just posterior to the biceps. Pictures were taken. No Bankart or Hill-Sachs lesions were noted. The rotator cuff was examined and there were no undersurface tears. Pictures were again taken.,We then made a lateral portal going through the muscle belly of the rotator cuff. A drill hole was made and then knotless suture anchor was placed to repair this. Pictures were taken. We then washed out the joint with copious amounts of sterile saline solution. It was drained. Our 3 incisions were closed using 3-0 nylon suture. A pain pump catheter was introduced into the shoulder joint. Xeroform, 4 x 4s, ABDs, tape, and sling were placed.,The patient was successfully taken out of the beach-chair position, extubated and brought to the recovery room in stable condition. I then went out and spoke with the patient's family, going over the case, postoperative instructions, and followup care." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2046 }

{ "text": "CLINICAL INDICATIONS: , MRSA bacteremia, rule out endocarditis. The patient has aortic stenosis.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The transesophageal echocardiogram was performed after getting verbal and a written consent signed. Then a multiplane TEE probe was introduced into the upper esophagus, mid esophagus, lower esophagus, and stomach and multiple views were obtained. There were no complications. The patient's throat was numbed with Cetacaine spray and IV sedation was achieved with Versed and fentanyl.,FINDINGS:,1. Aortic valve is thick and calcified, a severely restricted end opening and there is 0.6 x 8 mm vegetation attached to the right coronary cusp. The peak velocity across the aortic valve was 4.6 m/sec and mean gradient was 53 mmHg and peak gradient 84 mmHg with calculated aortic valve area of 0.6 sq cm by planimetry.,2. Mitral valve is calcified and thick. No vegetation seen. There is mild-to-moderate MR present. There is mild AI present also.,3. Tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve are structurally normal.,4. There is a mild TR present.,5. There is no clot seen in the left atrial appendage. The velocity in the left atrial appendage was 0.6 m/sec.,6. Intraatrial septum was intact. There is no clot or mass seen.,7. Normal LV and RV systolic function.,8. There is thick raised calcified plaque seen in the thoracic aorta and arch.,SUMMARY:,1. There is a 0.6 x 0.8 cm vegetation present in the aortic valve with severe aortic stenosis. Calculated aortic valve area was 0.6 sq. cm.,2. Normal LV systolic function.," }

[ { "label": " Radiology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1560 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1. Bilateral bronchopneumonia.,2. Empyema of the chest, left.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1. Bilateral bronchopneumonia.,2. Empyema of the chest, left.,PROCEDURES,1. Diagnostic bronchoscopy.,2. Limited left thoracotomy with partial pulmonary decortication and insertion of chest tubes x2.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:, After obtaining an informed consent, the patient was taken to the operating room where a time-out process was followed. Initially, the patient was intubated with a #6 French tube because of the presence of previous laryngectomy. Because of this, I proceeded to use a pediatric bronchoscope, which provided limited visualization, but I was able to see the trachea and the carina and both left and right bronchial systems without significant pathology, although there was some mucus secretion that was aspirated.,Then, with the patient properly anesthetized and looking very stable, we decided to insert a larger endotracheal tube that allowed for the insertion of the regular adult bronchoscope. Therefore, we were able to obtain a better visualization and see the trachea and the carina that were normal and also the left and right bronchial systems. Some brownish secretions were obtained, particularly from the right side and were sent for culture and sensitivity, both aerobic and anaerobic fungi and acid fast.,Then, the patient was turned with left side up and prepped for a left thoracotomy. He was properly draped. I had recently re-inspected the CT of the chest and decided to make a limited thoracotomy of about 6 cm or so in the midaxillary line about the sixth intercostal space. Immediately, it was evident that there was a large amount of pus in the left chest. We proceeded to insert the suction catheters and we rapidly obtained about 1400 mL of frank pus. Then, we proceeded to open the intercostal space a bit more with a Richardson retractor and it was immediately obvious that there was an abundant amount of solid exudate throughout the lung. We spent several minutes trying to clean up this area. Initially, I had planned only to drain the empyema because the patient was in a very poor condition, but at this particular moment, he was more stable and well oxygenated, and the situation was such that we were able to perform a partial pulmonary decortication where we broke up a number of loculations that were present and we were able to separate the lung from the diaphragm and also the pulmonary fissure. On the upper part of the chest, we had limited access, but overall we obtained a large amount of solid exudate and we were able to break out loculations. We followed by irrigation with 2000 cc of warm normal saline and then insertion of two #32 chest tubes, which are the largest one available in this institution; one we put over the diaphragm and the other one going up and down towards the apex.,The limited thoracotomy was closed with heavy intercostal sutures of Vicryl, then interrupted sutures of #0 Vicryl to the muscle layers, and I loosely approximately the skin with a few sutures of nylon because I am suspicious that the incision may become infected because he has been exposed to intrapleural pus.,The chest tubes were secured with sutures and then connected to Pleur-evac. Then, the patient was transported.,Estimated blood loss was minimal and the patient tolerated the procedure well. He was extubated in the operating room and he was transferred to the ICU to be admitted. A chest x-ray was ordered stat." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3509 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: ,A 67-year-old male with COPD and history of bronchospasm, who presents with a 3-day history of increased cough, respiratory secretions, wheezings, and shortness of breath. He was seen by me in the office on the day of admission and noted to be dyspneic with audible wheezing and he was admitted for acute asthmatic bronchitis, superimposed upon longstanding COPD. Unfortunately over the past few months he has returned to pipe smoking. At the time of admission, he denied fever, diaphoresis, nausea, chest pain or other systemic symptoms.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , Status post artificial aortic valve implantation in summer of 2002 and is on chronic Coumadin therapy. COPD as described above, history of hypertension, and history of elevated cholesterol.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , Heart tones regular with an easily audible mechanical click. Breath sounds are greatly diminished with rales and rhonchi over all lung fields.,LABORATORY STUDIES: ,Sodium 139, potassium 4.5, BUN 42, and creatinine 1.7. Hemoglobin 10.7 and hematocrit 31.7.,HOSPITAL COURSE: , He was started on intravenous antibiotics, vigorous respiratory therapy, intravenous Solu-Medrol. The patient improved on this regimen. Chest x-ray did not show any CHF. The cortisone was tapered. The patient's oxygenation improved and he was able to be discharged home.,DISCHARGE DIAGNOSES: ,Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute asthmatic bronchitis.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,DISCHARGE CONDITION: , Guarded.,DISCHARGE PLAN: , Prednisone 20 mg 3 times a day for 2 days, 2 times a day for 5 days and then one daily, Keflex 500 mg 3 times a day and to resume his other preadmission medication, can be given a pneumococcal vaccination before discharge. To follow up with me in the office in 4-5 days." }

[ { "label": " Cardiovascular / Pulmonary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1801 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: ,1. Cervical spondylosis C5-C6 greater than C6-C7 (721.0).,2. Neck pain, progressive (723.1) with right greater than left radiculopathy (723.4).,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: ,1. Cervical spondylosis C5-C6 greater than C6-C7 (721.0).,2. Neck pain, progressive (723.1) with right greater than left radiculopathy (723.4), surgical findings confirmed.,PROCEDURES: ,1. Anterior cervical discectomy at C5-C6 and C6-C7 for neural decompression (63075, 63076).,2. Anterior interbody fusion at C5-C6 and C6-C7 (22554, 22585) utilizing Bengal cages x2 (22851).,3. Anterior instrumentation by Uniplate construction C5, C6, and C7 (22845); with intraoperative x-ray x2.,ANESTHESIA: ,General.,OPERATIONS: , The patient was brought to the operating room and placed in the supine position where general anesthesia was administered. Then the anterior aspect of the neck was prepped and draped in the routine sterile fashion. A linear skin incision was made in the skin fold line from just to the right of the midline to the leading edge of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle and taken sharply to platysma, which was dissected in a subplatysmal manner and then with only blunt dissection, the prevertebral space was encountered and localizing intraoperative x-ray was obtained once cauterized the longus colli muscle bilaterally allowed for the placement along its mesial portion of self-retaining retractors for exposure of tissues. Prominent anterior osteophytes once identified and compared to preoperative studies were removed at C5-C6 and then at C6-C7 with rongeur, allowing for an annulotomy with an #11 blade through collapsed disc space at C5-6, and even more collapsed at C6-C7. Gross instability appeared and though minimally at both interspaces and residual disc were removed then with the straight disc forceps providing a discectomy at both levels, sending to Pathology in a routine fashion as disc specimen. This was sent separately and allowed for residual disc removal of power drill where drilling extended in normal cortical and cancellous elements of the C5 and C6 interspaces and at C6-C7 removing large osteophytes and process, residual osteophytes from which were removed finally with 1 and 2 mm micro Kerrison rongeurs allowing for excision of other hypertrophied ligament posteriorly as well. This allowed for the bulging into the interspace of the dura, sign of decompressed status, and this was done widely bilaterally to decompress the nerve roots themselves and this was assured by inspection with a double ball dissector as needed. At no time during the case was there evidence of CSF leakage and hemostasis was well achieved with pledgets of Gelfoam and subsequently removed with copious amounts of antibiotic irrigation as well as Surgifoam. Once hemostasis well achieved, Bengal cage was filled with the patient's own bone elements of appropriate size, and this was countersunk into position and quite tightly applied it at first C5-C6, then secondly at C6-C7. These were checked and found to be well applied and further stability was then added by placement nonetheless of a Uniplate of appropriate size. The appropriate size screws and post-placement x-ray showed well-aligned elements and removal of osteophytes, etc. The wound was again irrigated with antibiotic solution, inspected, and finally closed in a multiple layered closure by approximation of platysma with interrupted #3-0 Vicryl and the skin with subcuticular stitch of #4-0 Vicryl incorporating a Penrose drain from vertebral space externally through the skin wound and safety pin, and later incorporated itself into sterile bandage.,Once the bandage was placed, the patient was taken, extubated from the operating room to the Recovery area, having in stable, but guarded condition. At the conclusion of the case, all instrument, needle, and sponge counts were accurate and correct. There were no intraoperative complications of any type." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3967 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy with chronic recurrent pharyngitis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy with chronic recurrent pharyngitis.,SURGICAL PROCEDURE PERFORMED: , Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.,ANESTHESIA: , General endotracheal technique.,SURGICAL FINDINGS: ,A 4+/4+ cryptic and hypertrophic tonsils with 2+/3+ hypertrophic adenoid pads.,INDICATIONS: , We were requested to evaluate the patient for complaints of enlarged tonsils, which cause difficulty swallowing, recurrent pharyngitis, and sleep-induced respiratory disturbance. She was evaluated and scheduled for an elective procedure.,DESCRIPTION OF SURGERY: ,The patient was brought to the operative suite and placed supine on the operating room table. General anesthetic was administered. Once appropriate anesthetic findings were achieved, the patient was intubated and prepped and draped in the usual sterile manner for a tonsillectomy. He was placed in semi-Rose ___ position and a Crowe Davis-type mouth gag was introduced into the oropharynx. Under an operating headlight, the oropharynx was clearly visualized. The right tonsil was grasped with the fossa triangularis and using electrocautery enucleation technique, was removed from its fossa. This followed placing the patient in a suspension position using a McIvor-type mouth gag and a red rubber Robinson catheter via the right naris. Once the right tonsil was removed, the left tonsil was removed in a similar manner, once again using a needle point Bovie dissection at 20 watts. With the tonsils removed, it was possible to visualize the adenoid pads. The oropharynx was irrigated and the adenoid pad evaluated with an indirect mirror technique. The adenoid pad was greater than 2+/4 and hypertrophic. It was removed with successive passes of electrocautery suction. The tonsillar fossa was then once again hemostased with suction cautery, injected with 0.5% ropivacaine with 1:100,000 adrenal solution and then closed with 2-0 Monocryl on an SH needle. The redundant soft tissue of the uvula was removed posteriorly and cauterized with electrocautery to prevent swelling of the uvula in the postoperative period. The patient's oropharynx and nasopharynx were irrigated with copious amounts of normal saline contained with small amount of iodine, and she was recovered from her general endotracheal anesthetic. She was extubated and left the operating room in good condition to the postoperative recovery room area.,Estimated blood loss was minimal. There were no complications. Specimens produced were right and left tonsils. The adenoid pad was ablated with electrocautery." }

[ { "label": " ENT - Otolaryngology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2691 }

{ "text": "CHIEF COMPLAINT: , Left breast cancer.,HISTORY:, The patient is a 57-year-old female, who I initially saw in the office on 12/27/07, as a referral from the Tomball Breast Center. On 12/21/07, the patient underwent image-guided needle core biopsy of a 1.5 cm lesion at the 7 o'clock position of the left breast (inferomedial). The biopsy returned showing infiltrating ductal carcinoma high histologic grade. The patient stated that she had recently felt and her physician had felt a palpable mass in that area prior to her breast imaging. She prior to that area, denied any complaints. She had no nipple discharge. No trauma history. She has had been on no estrogen supplementation. She has had no other personal history of breast cancer. Her family history is positive for her mother having breast cancer at age 48. The patient has had no children and no pregnancies. She denies any change in the right breast. Subsequent to the office visit and tissue diagnosis of breast cancer, she has had medical oncology consultation with Dr. X and radiation oncology consultation with Dr. Y. I have discussed the case with Dr. X and Dr. Y, who are both in agreement with proceeding with surgery prior to adjuvant therapy. The patient's metastatic workup has otherwise been negative with MRI scan and CT scanning. The MRI scan showed some close involvement possibly involving the left pectoralis muscle, although thought to also possibly represent biopsy artifact. CT scan of the neck, chest, and abdomen is negative for metastatic disease.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:, Previous surgery is history of benign breast biopsy in 1972, laparotomy in 1981, 1982, and 1984, right oophorectomy in 1984, and ganglion cyst removal of the hand in 1987.,MEDICATIONS:, She is currently on omeprazole for reflux and indigestion.,ALLERGIES:, SHE HAS NO KNOWN DRUG ALLERGIES.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, Negative for any recent febrile illnesses, chest pains or shortness of breath. Positive for restless leg syndrome. Negative for any unexplained weight loss and no change in bowel or bladder habits.,FAMILY HISTORY:, Positive for breast cancer in her mother and also mesothelioma from possible asbestosis or asbestos exposure.,SOCIAL HISTORY: ,The patient works as a school teacher and teaching high school.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION,GENERAL: The patient is a white female, alert and oriented x 3, appears her stated age of 57.,HEENT: Head is atraumatic and normocephalic. Sclerae are anicteric.,NECK: Supple.,CHEST: Clear.,HEART: Regular rate and rhythm.,BREASTS: Exam reveals an approximately 1.5 cm relatively mobile focal palpable mass in the inferomedial left breast at the 7 o'clock position, which clinically is not fixed to the underlying pectoralis muscle. There are no nipple retractions. No skin dimpling. There is some, at the time of the office visit, ecchymosis from recent biopsy. There is no axillary adenopathy. The remainder of the left breast is without abnormality. The right breast is without abnormality. The axillary areas are negative for adenopathy bilaterally.,ABDOMEN: Soft, nontender without masses. No gross organomegaly. No CVA or flank tenderness.,EXTREMITIES: Grossly neurovascularly intact.,IMPRESSION: , The patient is a 57-year-old female with invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast, T1c, Nx, M0 left breast carcinoma.,RECOMMENDATIONS: , I have discussed with the patient in detail about the diagnosis of breast cancer and the surgical options, and medical oncologist has discussed with her issues about adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We have decided to recommend to the patient breast conservation surgery with left breast lumpectomy with preoperative sentinel lymph node injection and mapping and left axillary dissection. The possibility of further surgery requiring wider lumpectomy or even completion mastectomy was explained to the patient. The procedure and risks of the surgery were explained to include, but not limited to extra bleeding, infection, unsightly scar formation, the possibility of local recurrence, the possibility of left upper extremity lymphedema was explained. Local numbness, paresthesias or chronic pain was explained. The patient was given an educational brochure and several brochures about the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancers. She was certainly encouraged to obtain further surgical medical opinions prior to proceeding. I believe the patient has given full informed consent and desires to proceed with the above." }

[ { "label": " Hematology - Oncology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4509 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Right buccal space infection and abscess tooth #T.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right buccal space infection and abscess tooth #T.,PROCEDURE:, Extraction of tooth #T and incision and drainage (I&D) of right buccal space infection.,ANESTHESIA:, General, oral endotracheal tube.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,SPECIMENS:, Aerobic and anaerobic cultures were sent.,IV FLUID: , 150 mL.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:, 10 mL.,PROCEDURE: , The patient was brought to the operating room, placed on the table in a supine position, and after demonstration of an adequate plane of general anesthesia via the oral endotracheal route, the patient was prepped and draped in the usual fashion for an intraoral procedure. Gauze throat pack was placed and the right buccal vestibule was palpated and area of the abscess was located. The abscess cavity was aspirated using a 5 mL syringe with an 18-gauge needle. Approximately 1 mL of purulent material was aspirated that was placed on aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Culture swabs and the tooth sent to the laboratory for culture and sensitivity testing.,The area in the buccal vestibule was then opened with approximately 1-cm incision. Blunt dissection was then used to open up the abscess cavity and explore the abscess cavity. A small amount of additional purulence was drained from it, approximately 1 mL and at this point, tooth #T was extracted by forceps extraction. Periosteal elevator was used to explore the area near the extraction site. This was continuous with abscess cavity, so the abscess cavity was allowed to drain into the extraction site. No drain was placed. Upon completion of the procedure, the throat pack was removed. The pharynx was suctioned. The stomach was also suctioned and the patient was then awakened, extubated, and taken to the recovery room in stable condition." }

[ { "label": " Dentistry", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1856 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is a 55-year-old Hispanic male who was seen initially in the office February 15, 2006, with epigastric and right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, and bloating. The patient at that time stated that he had established diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Since the last visit the patient was asked to sign a lease of information form and we sent request for information from the doctor the patient saw before, Dr. X in Las Cruces and his primary care physician in Silver City, and unfortunately we did not get any information from anybody. Also the patient had admission in Gila Medical Center with epigastric pain, diarrhea, and confusion. He spent 3 days in the hospital. He was followed by Dr. X and unfortunately we also do not have the information of what was wrong with the patient. From the patient's report he was diagnosed with some kind of viral infection. At the time of admission he had a lot of epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and chills.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION,VITAL SIGNS: Weight 107, height 6 feet 1 inch, blood pressure 128/67, heart rate 74, saturation 98%; pain is 3/10 with localization of the pain in the epigastric area.,HEENT: PERRLA. EOM intact. Oropharynx is clear of lesions.,NECK: Supple. No lymphadenopathy. No thyromegaly.,LUNGS: Clear to auscultation and percussion bilateral.,CARDIOVASCULAR: Regular rate and rhythm. No murmurs, rubs, or gallops.,ABDOMEN: Not tender, not distended. Splenomegaly about 4 cm under the costal margin. No hepatomegaly. Bowel sounds present.,MUSCULOSKELETAL: No cyanosis, no clubbing, no pitting edema.,NEUROLOGIC: Nonfocal. No asterixis. No costovertebral tenderness.,PSYCHE: The patient is oriented x4, alert and cooperative.,LABORATORY DATA: , We were able to collect lab results from Medical Center; we got only CMP from the hospital which showed glucose level 79, BUN 9, creatinine 0.6, sodium 136, potassium 3.5, chloride 104, CO2 23.7, calcium 7.3, total protein 5.9, albumin 2.5, total bilirubin 5.63. His AST 56, ALT 37, alkaline phosphatase 165, and his ammonia level was 53. We do not have any other results back. No hepatitis panels. No alpha-fetoprotein level. The patient told me today that he also got an ultrasound of the abdomen and the result was not impressive, but we do not have this result despite calling medical records in the hospital to release this information.,ASSESSMENT AND PLAN:, The patient is a 55-year-old with established diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, unknown cause.,1. Epigastric pain. The patient had chronic pain syndrome, he had multiple back surgeries, and he has taken opiate for a prolonged period of time. In the office twice the patient did not have any abdominal pain on physical exam. His pain does not sound like obstruction of common bile duct and he had these episodes of abdominal pain almost continuously. He probably requires increased level of pain control with increased dose of opiates, which should be addressed with his primary care physician.,2. End-stage liver disease. Of course, we need to find out the cause of the liver cirrhosis. We do not have hepatitis panel yet and we do not have information about the liver biopsy which was performed before. We do not have any information of any type of investigation in the past. Again, patient was seen by gastroenterologist already in Las Cruces, Dr. X. The patient was advised to contact Dr. X by himself to convince him to send available information because we already send release information form signed by the patient without any result. It will be not reasonable to repeat unnecessary tests in that point in time.,We are waiting for the hepatitis panel and alpha-fetoprotein level. We will also need to get information about ultrasound which was done in Gila Medical Center, but obviously no tumor was found on this exam of the liver. We have to figure out hepatitis status for another reason if he needs vaccination against hepatitis A and B. Until now we do not know exactly what the cause of the patient's end-stage liver disease is and my differential diagnosis probably is hepatitis C. The patient denied any excessive alcohol intake, but I could not preclude alcohol-related liver cirrhosis also. We will need to look for nuclear antibody if it is not done before. PSC is extremely unlikely but possible. Wilson disease also possible diagnosis but again, we first have to figure out if these tests were done for the patient or not. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency will be extremely unlikely because the patient has no lung problem. On his end-stage liver disease we already know that he had low platelet count splenomegaly. We know that his bilirubin is elevated and albumin is very low. I suspect that at the time of admission to the hospital the patient presented with encephalopathy. We do not know if INR was checked to look for coagulopathy. The patient had an EGD in 2005 as well as colonoscopy in Silver City. We have to have this result to evaluate if the patient had any varices and if he needs any intervention for that.,At this point in time, I recommended the patient to continue to take lactulose 50 mL 3 times daily. The patient tolerated it well; no diarrhea at this point in time. I also recommended for him to contact his primary care physician for increased dose of opiates for him. As a primary prophylaxis of GI bleeding in patient with end-stage liver disease we will try to use Inderal. The patient got a prescription for 10 mg pills. He will take 10 mg twice daily and we will gradually increase his dose until his heart rate will drop to 25% from 75% to probably 60-58. The patient was educated how to use Inderal and he was explained why we decided to use this medication. The patient will hold this medication if he is orthostatic or bradycardic.,Again, the patient and his wife were advised to contact all offices they have seen before to get information about what tests were already done and if on the next visit in 2 weeks we still do not have any information we will need to repeat all these tests I mentioned above.,We also discussed nutrition issues. The patient was provided information that his protein intake is supposed to be about 25 g per day. He was advised not to over-eat protein and advised not to starve. He also was advised to stay away from alcohol. His next visit is in 2 weeks with all results available." }

[ { "label": " Gastroenterology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 6455 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: ,The patient is a 50-year-old African American female with past medical history significant for hypertension and endstage renal disease, on hemodialysis secondary to endstage renal disease, last hemodialysis was on June 22, 2007. The patient presents with no complaints for cadaveric renal transplant. After appropriate cross match and workup of HLA typing of both recipient and cadaveric kidneys, the patient was deemed appropriate for operative intervention and transplantation of kidney.,PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Endstage renal disease.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Endstage renal disease.,PROCEDURE:, Cadaveric renal transplant to right pelvis.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , 400 mL.,FLUIDS: ,One liter of normal saline and one liter of 5% of albumin.,ANESTHESIA: ,General endotracheal.,SPECIMEN: ,None.,DRAIN: , None.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,The patient tolerated the procedure without any complication.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: ,The patient was brought to the operating room, prepped and draped in sterile fashion. After adequate anesthesia was achieved, a curvilinear incision was made in the right pelvic fossa approximately 9 cm in length extending from the 1.5 cm medial of the ASIS down to the suprapubic space. After this was taken down with a #10 blade, electrocautery was used to take down tissue down to the layer of the subcutaneous fat. Camper's and Scarpa's were dissected with electrocautery. Hemostasis was achieved throughout the tissue plains with electrocautery. The external oblique aponeurosis was identified with musculature and was entered with electrocautery. Then hemostats were entered in and dissection continued down with electrocautery down through the external internal obliques and the transversalis fascia. Additionally, the rectus sheath was entered in a linear fashion. After these planes were entered using electrocautery, the retroperitoneum was dissected free from the transversalis fascia using blunt dissection. After the peritoneum and peritoneal structures were moved medially and superiorly by blunt dissection, the dissection continued down bluntly throughout the tissue planes removing some alveolar tissue over the right iliac artery. Upon entering through the transversalis fascia, the epigastric vessels were identified and doubly ligated and tied with #0 silk ties. After the ligation of the epigastric vessels, the peritoneum was bluntly dissected and all peritoneal structures were bluntly dissected to a superior and medial plane. This was done without any complication and without entering the peritoneum grossly. The round ligament was identified and doubly ligated at this time with #0 silk ties as well. The dissection continued down now to layer of the alveolar tissue covering the right iliac artery. This alveolar tissue was cleared using blunt dissection as well as electrocautery. After the external iliac artery was identified, it was cleared circumferentially all the way around and noted to have good flow and had good arterial texture. The right iliac vein was then identified, and this was cleared again using electrocautery and blunt dissection. After the right iliac vein was identified and cleared off all the alveolar tissue, it was circumferentially cleared as well. An additional perforating branch was noted at the inferior pole of the right iliac vein. This was tied with a #0 silk tie and secured. Hemostasis was achieved at this time and the tie had adequate control. The dissection continued down and identified all other vital structures in this area. Careful preservation of all vital structures was carried out throughout the dissection. At this time, Satinsky clamp was placed over the right iliac vein. This was then opened using a #11 blade, approximately 1 cm in length. The heparinized saline was placed and irrigated throughout the inside of the vein, and the kidney was pulled into the abdominal field still covered in its protective socking with the superior pole marked. The renal vein was then elevated and identified in this area. A 5-0 double-ended Prolene stitch was used to secure the renal vein, both superiorly and inferiorly, and after appropriately being secured with 5-0 Prolene, these were tied down and secured. The renal vein was then anastomosed to the right iliac vein in a circumferential manner in a running fashion until secured at both superior and inferior poles. The dissection then continued down and the iliac artery was then anastomosed to the renal artery at this time using a similar method with 5-0 Prolene securing both superior and inferior poles. After such time the 5-0 Prolene was run around in a circumferential manner until secured in both superior and inferior poles once again. After this was done and the artery was secured, the Satinsky clamp was removed and a bulldog placed over. The flow was then opened on the arterial side and then opened on the venous side to allow for proper flow. The bulldog was then placed back on the renal vein and allowed for the hyperperfusion of the kidney. The kidney pinked up nicely and had a good appearance to it and had appearance of good blood flow. At this time, all Satinsky clamps were removed and all bulldog clamps were removed. The dissection then continued down to the layer of the bladder at which time the bladder was identified. Appropriate area on the dome the bladder was identified for entry. This was entered using electrocautery and approximately 1 cm length after appropriately sizing and incising of the ureter using the Metzenbaum scissors in a linear fashion. Before this was done, #0 chromic catgut stitches were placed and secured laterally and inferiorly on the dome of the bladder to elevate the area of the bladder and then the bladder was entered using the electrocautery approximately 1 cm in length. At this time, a renal stent was placed into the ureter and secured superiorly and the stent was then placed into the bladder and secured as well. Subsequently, the superior and inferior pole stitches with 5-0 Prolene were used to secure the ureter to the bladder. This was then run mucosa-to-mucosa in a circumferential manner until secured in both superior and inferior poles once again. Good flow was noted from the ureter at the time of operation. Additional Vicryl stitches were used to overlay the musculature in a seromuscular stitch over the dome of the bladder and over the ureter itself. At this time, an Ethibond stitch was used to make an additional seromuscular closure and rolling of the bladder musculature over the dome and over the anastomosis once again. This was inspected and noted for proper control. Irrigation of the bladder revealed that the bladder was appropriately filled and there were no flows and no defects. At this time, the anastomoses were all inspected, hemostasis was achieved and good closure of the anastomosis was noted at this time. The kidney was then placed back into its new position in the right pelvic fossa, and the area was once again inspected for hemostasis which was achieved. A 1-0 Prolene stitch was then used for mass closure of the external, internal, and transversalis fascias and musculature in a running fashion from superior to inferior. This was secured and knots were dumped. Subsequently, the area was then checked and inspected for hemostasis which was achieved with electrocautery, and the skin was closed with 4-0 running Monocryl. The patient tolerated procedure well without evidence of complication, transferred to the Dunn ICU where he was noted to be stable. Dr. A was present and scrubbed through the entire procedure." }

[ { "label": " Nephrology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 7661 }

{ "text": "HISTORY: , The patient is a 19-year-old male who was involved in a fight approximately an hour prior to his ED presentation. He punched a guy few times on the face, might be the mouth and then punched a drinking glass, breaking it and lacerating his right hand. He has three lacerations on his right hand. His wound was cleaned out thoroughly with tap water, and one of the navy corpsman tried to use Superglue and gauze to repair it. However, it continues to bleed and he is here for evaluation.,PAST MEDICATION HISTORY:, Significant for asthma and acne.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS: , Accutane and takes no other medications.,TETANUS STATUS: , Up-to-date.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , He is a nonsmoker. He has been drinking alcohol today, but has no history of alcohol or drug abuse.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , Otherwise well. No febrile illness. No motor or sensory complaints of any sort or paresthesias in the hand.,PHYSICAL EXAM: ,GENERAL: He is in no apparent distress. He is alert and oriented x3. Mental status is clear and appropriate. VITALS SIGNS: Temperature is 98.3, heart rate 100, respirations 18, blood pressure 161/98, oxygen saturation 99% on room air by pulse oximetry, which is normal. EXTREMITIES: Right hand, he has three lacerations all over the MCP joint of his right hand, irregular shaped over the fifth MCP and then over the fourth and third half wound, similarly the lacerations. All total approximately 4 cm in length. I see no foreign bodies, just capillary refills less than 2 seconds. Radial pulses intact. There is full range of motion with no gross deformities. No significant amount of edema associated with these in the dorsum of the hand.,STUDIES: , X-rays shows no open fracture or bony abnormality.,EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT COURSE: ,The patient was anesthetized with 1% Xylocaine. Wounds were thoroughly irrigated with tap water with at least 2 liters. They were repaired with simple sutures of 4-0 Ethilon, total of 17 sutures, 16 of which were simple, one is a horizontal mattress. The patient was given Augmentin 875 mg p.o. due to the possibility of human bite wound.,ASSESSMENT: , RIGHT HAND LACERATIONS, SIMPLE X3, REPAIRED AS DESCRIBED. NO SIGNS OF BONY ABNORMALITY OR FOREIGN BODY.,PLAN: ,The patient will be given Augmentin 875 mg 1 p.o. b.i.d. for 7 days. He will be given a prescription of Vicoprofen as he is unable to tolerate the Tylenol due to his Accutane. He will take 1 p.o. every 6 hours or as needed, #12. He will follow up for suture removal in 8 days. Should he develop any signs of infection, he will come immediately here for reevaluation. He is discharged in stable condition.," }

[ { "label": " General Medicine", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2646 }

{ "text": "ADMISSION DIAGNOSIS: , Symptomatic thyroid goiter.,DISCHARGE DIAGNOSIS: ,Symptomatic thyroid goiter.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED DURING THIS HOSPITALIZATION: , Total thyroidectomy.,INDICATIONS FOR THE SURGERY: ,Briefly, the patient is a 71-year-old female referred with increasingly symptomatic large nodular thyroid goiter. She presented now after informed consent for the above procedure, understanding the inherent risks and complications and risk-benefit ratio.,HOSPITAL COURSE: ,The patient underwent total thyroidectomy on 09/22/08, which she tolerated very well and remained stable in the postoperative period. On postoperative day #1, she was tolerating her diet, began on thyroid hormone replacement, and remained afebrile with stable vital signs. She required intravenous narcotics for pain control. She was judged stable for discharge home on 09/25/08, tolerating a diet well, having no fever, stable vital signs, and good pain control. The wound was clean and dry. The drain was removed. She was instructed to follow up in the surgical office within one week after discharge. She was given prescription for Vicodin for pain and Synthroid thyroid hormone, and otherwise the appropriate wound care instructions per my routine wound care sheet." }

[ { "label": " General Medicine", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1256 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is a 45-year-old male complaining of abdominal pain. The patient also has a long-standing history of diabetes which is treated with Micronase daily.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , There is no significant past medical history noted today.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,HEENT: Patient denies ear abnormalities, nose abnormalities and throat abnormalities.,Cardio: Patient has history of elevated cholesterol, but does not have ASHD, hypertension and PVD.,Resp: Patient denies asthma, lung infections and lung lesions.,GI: Patient denies colon abnormalities, gall bladder problems, liver abnormalities and peptic ulcer disease.,GU: Patient has history of Urinary tract disorder, but does not have Bladder disorder and Kidney disorder.,Endocrine: Patient has history of diabetes, but does not have hormonal irregularities and thyroid abnormalities.,Dermatology: Patient denies allergic reactions, rashes and skin lesions.,MEDS:, Micronase 2.5 mg Tab PO QAM #30. Bactrim 400/80 Tab PO BID #30.,SOCIAL HISTORY:, No known history of drug or alcohol abuse. Work, diet, and exercise patterns are within normal limits.,FAMILY HISTORY:, No significant family history.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, Non-contributory.,Vital Signs: Height = 72 in. Weight =184 lbs. Upright BP = 120/80 mmHg. Pulse = 80 bpm. Resp =12 pm. Patient is afebrile.,Neck: The neck is supple. There is no jugular venous distension. The thyroid is nontender, or normal size and conto.,Lungs: Lung expansion and excursions are symmetric. The lungs are clear to auscultation and percussion.,Cardio: There is a regular rhythm. SI and S2 are normal. No abnormal heart sounds are detected. Blood pressure is equal bilaterally.,Abdomen: Normal bowel sounds are present. The abdomen is soft; The abdomen is nontender; without organomegaly; There is no CVA tenderness. No hernias are noted.,Extremities: There is no clubbing, cyanosis, or edema.,ASSESSMENT: , Diabetes type II uncontrolled. Acute cystitis.,PLAN: , Endocrinology Consult, complete CBC. ,RX: , Micronase 2.5 mg Tab PO QAM #30, Bactrim 400/80 Tab PO BID #30." }

[ { "label": " Consult - History and Phy.", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2125 }

{ "text": "OPERATION:," }

[ { "label": " Pain Management", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 11 }

{ "text": "PROCEDURES:, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy with biopsy and polypectomy.,REASON FOR PROCEDURE: , Child with abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. Rule out inflammatory bowel disease, allergic enterocolitis, rectal polyps, and rectal vascular malformations.,CONSENT:, History and physical examination was performed. The procedure, indications, alternatives available, and complications, i.e. bleeding, perforation, infection, adverse medication reaction, the possible need for blood transfusion, and surgery should a complication occur were discussed with the parents who understood and indicated this. Opportunity for questions was provided and informed consent was obtained.,MEDICATION: ,General anesthesia.,INSTRUMENT: , Olympus GIF-160.,COMPLICATIONS:, None.,FINDINGS: , With the patient in the supine position and intubated, the endoscope was inserted without difficulty into the hypopharynx. The esophageal mucosa and vascular pattern appeared normal. The lower esophageal sphincter was located at 25 cm from the central incisors. It appeared normal. A Z-line was identified within the lower esophageal sphincter. The endoscope was advanced into the stomach, which distended with excess air. Rugal folds flattened completely. Gastric mucosa appeared normal throughout. No hiatal hernia was noted. Pyloric valve appeared normal. The endoscope was advanced into the first, second, and third portions of duodenum, which had normal mucosa, coloration, and fold pattern. Biopsies were obtained x2 in the second portion of duodenum, antrum, and distal esophagus at 22 cm from the central incisors for histology. Additional 2 biopsies were obtained for CLO testing in the antrum. Excess air was evacuated from the stomach. The scope was removed from the patient who tolerated that part of procedure well. The patient was turned and the scope was advanced with some difficulty to the terminal ileum. The terminal ileum mucosa and the colonic mucosa throughout was normal except at approximately 10 cm where a 1 x 1 cm pedunculated juvenile-appearing polyp was noted. Biopsies were obtained x2 in the terminal ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum. Then, the polyp was snared right at the base of the polyp on the stalk and 20 watts of pure coag was applied in 2-second bursts x3. The polyp was severed. There was no bleeding at the stalk after removal of the polyp head. The polyp head was removed by suction. Excess air was evacuated from the colon. The patient tolerated that part of the procedure well and was taken to recovery in satisfactory condition. Estimated blood loss approximately 5 mL.,IMPRESSION: , Normal esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and colon as well as terminal ileum except for a 1 x 1-cm rectal polyp, which was removed successfully by polypectomy snare.,PLAN: ,Histologic evaluation and CLO testing. I will contact the parents next week with biopsy results and further management plans will be discussed at that time." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3027 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Cervical carcinoma in situ.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Cervical carcinoma in situ.,OPERATION PERFORMED:, Cervical cone biopsy, dilatation & curettage.,SPECIMENS: ,Cone biopsy, endocervical curettings, endometrial curettings.,INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE: , The patient recently presented with a Pap smear showing probable adenocarcinoma in situ. The patient was advised to have cone biopsy to fully assess endocervical glands.,FINDINGS: , During the examination, under anesthesia, the vulva, vagina, and cervix were grossly unremarkable. The uterus was smooth with no palpable cervical nodularity and no adnexal masses were noted.,PROCEDURE: , The patient was brought to the Operating Room with an IV in place. Anesthetic was administered and she was placed in the lithotomy position. The patient was prepped and draped after which a weighted speculum was placed in the vagina and a tenaculum was placed on the cervix for traction. Angle stitches of 0 Vicryl sutures were placed at 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock in the lateral vagina fornices. The cervix was stained with Lugol's iodine solution. ,After the cervix was stained, a scalpel was used to excise a cone shaped biopsy circumferentially around the cervical os. The specimen was removed intact, after which the uterine cavity was sounded to a depth of 8 cm. A Kevorkian curette was used to obtain endocervical curettings. The cone biopsy site was sutured using a running lock stitch of 0 Vicryl suture. Upon completion of the suture placement, the endocervical canal was sounded to assure patency. A prophylactic application of Monsel's solution completed the procedure. ,The patient was awakened from her anesthetic and taken to the post anesthesia care unit in stable condition. Final sponge, needle, and instrument counts were." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1820 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , Mr. ABC is a 60-year-old gentleman who had a markedly abnormal stress test earlier today in my office with severe chest pain after 5 minutes of exercise on the standard Bruce with horizontal ST depressions and moderate apical ischemia on stress imaging only. He required 3 sublingual nitroglycerin in total (please see also admission history and physical for full details).,The patient underwent cardiac catheterization with myself today which showed mild-to-moderate left main distal disease of 30%, moderate proximal LAD with a severe mid-LAD lesion of 99%, and a mid-left circumflex lesion of 80% with normal LV function and some mild luminal irregularities in the right coronary artery with some moderate stenosis seen in the mid to distal right PDA.,I discussed these results with the patient, and he had been relating to me that he was having rest anginal symptoms, as well as nocturnal anginal symptoms, and especially given the severity of the mid left anterior descending lesion, with a markedly abnormal stress test, I felt he was best suited for transfer for PCI. I discussed the case with Dr. X at Medical Center who has kindly accepted the patient in transfer.,CONDITION ON TRANSFER: , Stable but guarded. The patient is pain-free at this time.,MEDICATIONS ON TRANSFER:,1. Aspirin 325 mg once a day.,2. Metoprolol 50 mg once a day, but we have had to hold it because of relative bradycardia which he apparently has a history of.,3. Nexium 40 mg once a day.,4. Zocor 40 mg once a day, and there is a fasting lipid profile pending at the time of this dictation. I see that his LDL was 136 on May 3, 2002.,5. Plavix 600 mg p.o. x1 which I am giving him tonight.,Other medical history is inclusive for obstructive sleep apnea for which he is unable to tolerate positive pressure ventilation, GERD, arthritis,DISPOSITION: ,The patient and his wife have requested and are agreeable with transfer to Medical Center, and we are enclosing the CD ROM of his images." }

[ { "label": " Office Notes", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2008 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Carpal tunnel syndrome.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Carpal tunnel syndrome.,TITLE OF PROCEDURE: , Endoscopic carpal tunnel release.,ANESTHESIA: , MAC,PROCEDURE: , After administering appropriate antibiotics and MAC anesthesia, the upper extremity was prepped and draped in the usual standard fashion, the arm was exsanguinated with Esmarch, and the tourniquet inflated to 250 mmHg.,I made a transverse incision one fingerbreadth proximal to the distal volar wrist crease. Dissection was carried down to the antebrachial fascia, which was cut in a distally based fashion. Bipolar electrocautery was used to maintain meticulous hemostasis. I then performed an antebrachial fasciotomy proximally. I entered the extra bursal space deep into the transverse carpal ligament and used the spatula probe and then the dilators and then the square probe to enlarge the area. Great care was taken to feel the washboard undersurface of the transverse carpal ligament and the hamate on the ulnar side. Great care was taken with placement. A good plane was positively identified. I then placed the endoscope in and definitely saw the transverse striations of the deep surface of the transverse carpal ligament.,Again, I felt the hook of the hamate ulnar to me. I had my thumb on the distal aspect of the transverse carpal ligament. I then partially deployed the blade, and starting 1 mm from the distal edge, the transverse carpal ligament was positively identified. I pulled back and cut and partially tightened the transverse carpal ligament. I then feathered through the distal ligament and performed a full-thickness incision through the distal half of the ligament. I then checked to make sure this was properly performed and then cut the proximal aspect. I then entered the carpal tunnel again and saw that the release was complete, meaning that the cut surfaces of the transverse carpal ligament were separated; and with the scope rotated, I could see only one in the field at a time. Great care was taken and at no point was there any longitudinal structure cut. Under direct vision through the incision, I made sure that the distal antebrachial fascia was cut. Following this, I irrigated and closed the skin. The patient was dressed and sent to the recovery room in good condition." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2319 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.,2. Ethanol and alcohol abuse.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.,2. Ethanol and alcohol abuse.,PROCEDURE:,1. Failed percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement.,2. Open Stamm gastrotomy tube.,3. Lysis of adhesions.,4. Closure of incidental colotomy.,ANESTHESIA:, General endotracheal anesthesia.,IV FLUIDS:, Crystalloid 1400 ml.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:, Thirty ml.,DRAINS:, Gastrostomy tube was placed to Foley.,SPECIMENS:, None.,FINDINGS:, Stomach located high in the peritoneal cavity. Multiple adhesions around the stomach to the diaphragm and liver.,HISTORY: ,The patient is a 59-year-old black male who is indigent, an ethanol and tobacco abuse. He presented initially to the emergency room with throat and bleeding. Following evaluation by ENT and biopsy, it was determined to be squamous cell carcinoma of the right tonsil and soft palate, The patient is to undergo radiation therapy and possibly chemotherapy and will need prolonged enteral feeding with a bypass route from the mouth. The malignancy was not obstructing. Following obtaining informed consent for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube with possible conversion to open procedure, we elected to proceed following diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma and election for radiation therapy.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:, The patient was placed in the supine position and general endotracheal anesthesia was induced. Preoperatively, 1 gram of Ancef was given. The abdomen was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. After anesthesia was achieved, an endoscope was placed down into the stomach, and no abnormalities were noted. The stomach was insufflated with air and the endoscope was positioned in the midportion and directed towards the anterior abdominal wall. With the room darkened and intensity turned up on the endoscope, a light reflex was noted on the skin of the abdominal wall in the left upper quadrant at approximately 2 fingerbreadths inferior from the most inferior rib. Finger pressure was applied to the light reflex with adequate indentation on the stomach wall on endoscopy. A 21-gauge 1-1/2 inch needle was initially placed at the margin of the light reflex, and this was done twice. Both times it was not visualized on the endoscopy. At this point, repositioning was made and, again, what was felt to be adequate light reflex was obtained, and the 14-gauge angio catheter was placed. Again, after two attempts, we were unable to visualize the needle in the stomach endoscopically. At this point, decision was made to convert the procedure to an open Stamm gastrostomy.,OPEN STAMM GASTROSTOMY: ,A short upper midline incision was made and deepened through the subcutaneous tissues. Hemostasis was achieved with electrocautery. The linea alba was identified and incised, and the peritoneal cavity was entered. The abdomen was explored. Adhesions were lysed with electrocautery under direct vision. The stomach was identified, and a location on the anterior wall near the greater curvature was selected. After lysis of adhesions was confirmed, we sufficiently moved the original chosen site without tension. A pursestring suture of #3-0 silk was placed on the interior surface of the stomach, and a second #3-0 pursestring silk stitch was placed exterior to that pursestring suture. An incision was then made at the location of the anterior wall which was near the greater curvature and was dissected down to the anterior abdominal wall. A Vanderbilt was used to pass through the abdominal wall in through the skin and then returned to the level of the skin and pulled the Bard feeding tube through the anterior wall into the field. An incision in the center of the pursestring suture on the anterior surface of the stomach was then made with electrocautery. The interior pursestring suture was sutured into place in such a manner as to inkwell the stomach around the catheter. The second outer concentric pursestring suture was then secured as well and tied to further inkwell the stomach. The stomach was then tacked to the anterior abdominal wall at the catheter entrance site with four #2-0 silk sutures in such a manner as to prevent leakage or torsion. The catheter was then secured to the skin with two #2-0 silk sutures. Hemostasis was checked and the peritoneal cavity was washed out and brought to the surgical field. Prior to the initiation of the gastrotomy, the bowel was run and at that time there was noted to be one incidental colotomy. This was oversewn with three #4-0 silk Lembert sutures. At the completion of the operation, the fascia was closed with #1 interrupted Vicryl suture, and the skin was closed with staples. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was taken to the postanesthesia care unit in stable condition." }

[ { "label": " Gastroenterology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4857 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , This is a 70-year-old female with a past medical history of chronic kidney disease, stage 4; history of diabetes mellitus; diabetic nephropathy; peripheral vascular disease, status post recent PTA of right leg, admitted to the hospital because of swelling of the right hand and left foot. The patient says that the right hand was very swollen, very painful, could not move the fingers, and also, the left foot was very swollen and very painful, and again could not move the toes, came to emergency room, diagnosed with gout and gouty attacks. I was asked to see the patient regarding chronic kidney disease.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,1. Diabetes mellitus type 2.,2. Diabetic nephropathy.,3. Chronic kidney disease, stage 4.,4. Hypertension.,5. Hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia.,6. Peripheral vascular disease, status post recent, last week PTA of right lower extremity.,SOCIAL HISTORY:, Negative for smoking and drinking.,CURRENT HOME MEDICATIONS:, NovoLog 20 units with each meal, Lantus 30 units at bedtime, Crestor 10 mg daily, Micardis 80 mg daily, Imdur 30 mg daily, Amlodipine 10 mg daily, Coreg 12.5 mg b.i.d., Lasix 20 mg daily, Ecotrin 325 mg daily, and calcitriol 0.5 mcg daily.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , The patient denies any complaints, states that the right hand and left foot was very swollen and very painful, and came to emergency room. Also, she could not urinate and states as soon as they put Foley in, 500 mL of urine came out. Also they started her on steroids and colchicine, and the pain is improving and the swelling is getting better. Denies any fever and chills. Denies any dysuria, frequency or hematuria. States that the urine output was decreased considerably, and she could not urinate. Denies any cough, hemoptysis or sputum production. Denies any chest pain, orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,General: The patient is alert and oriented, in no acute distress.,Vital Signs: Blood pressure 126/67, temperature 97.9, pulse 71, and respirations 20. The patient's weight is 105.6 kg.,Head: Normocephalic.,Neck: Supple. No JVD. No adenopathy.,Chest: Symmetric. No retractions.,Lungs: Clear.,Heart: RRR with no murmur.,Abdomen: Obese, soft, and nontender. No rebound. No guarding.,Extremity: She has 2+ pretibial edema bilaterally at the lower extremity, but also the left foot, in dorsum of left foot and also right hand is swollen and very tender to move the toes and also fingers in those extremities.,LAB TESTS: , Showed that urine culture is negative up to date. The patient's white cell is 12.7, hematocrit 26.1. The patient has 90% segs and 0% bands. Serum sodium 133, potassium 5.9, chloride 100, bicarb 21, glucose 348, BUN 57, creatinine is 2.39, calcium 8.9, and uric acid yesterday was 10.9. Sed rate was 121. BNP was 851. Urinalysis showed 15 to 20 white cells, 3+ protein, 3+ blood with 25 to 30 red blood cells also.,IMPRESSION:,1. Urinary tract infection.,2. Acute gouty attack.,3. Diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy.,4. Hypertension.,5. Hypercholesterolemia.,6. Peripheral vascular disease, status post recent PTA in the right side.,7. Chronic kidney disease, stage 4.,PLAN: , At this time is I agree with treatment. We will add allopurinol 50 mg daily. This is secondary to the patient is already on colchicine, and also we will discontinue Micardis, we will increase Lasix to 40 b.i.d., and we will follow with the lab results." }

[ { "label": " General Medicine", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3486 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Tailor's bunion, right foot.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Tailor's bunion, right foot.,PROCEDURE: , Closing wedge osteotomy, fifth metatarsal with internal screw fixation, right foot.,ANESTHESIA: , Local infiltrate with IV sedation.,INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY: , The patient has had a longstanding history of foot problems. The problem has been progressive in nature. The preoperative discussion with the patient included alternative treatment options, the procedure was explained, and the risk factors such as infection, swelling, scar tissue, numbness, continued pain, recurrence, and the postoperative management were discussed. The patient has been advised, although no guarantee for success could be given, most of the patient have less pain and improved function, all questions were thoroughly answered. The patient requested for surgical repair since the problem has reached a point that interfere with normal daily activity. The purpose of the surgery is to alleviate pain and discomfort.,DETAILS OF PROCEDURE: ,The patient was given 1 g of Ancef IV for antibiotic prophylaxis 30 minutes prior to the procedure. The patient was brought to the operating room and placed in the supine position. No tourniquet was utilized. IV sedation was achieved followed by a local anesthetic consisting of approximately 10 mL total in 1:1 mixture of 0.25% Marcaine and 1% lidocaine with epinephrine was locally infiltrated proximal to the operative site. The lower extremity was prepped and draped in the usual sterile manner. Balanced anesthesia was obtained.,PROCEDURE:, Closing wedge osteotomy, fifth metatarsal with internal screw fixation, right foot. A dorsal curvilinear incision was made extending from the base of the proximal phalanx fifth digit to a point 1.5 cm from the base of the fifth metatarsal. Care was taken to identify and retract all vital structures and when necessary, vessels were ligated via electrocautery. The extensor tendon was identified and retracted medially. Sharp and blunt dissection was carried down through the subcutaneous tissue down to the periosteal layer. A linear periosteal capsular incision was made in line with the skin incision. The capsular tissue and periosteal layer was underscored, free from its underlying osseous attachment, and then reflected to expose the osseous surface. Inspection of the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint revealed articular cartilage to be perverse and hypertrophic changes to the lateral and dorsolateral aspect of the fifth metatarsal head. An oscillating saw was utilized to carefully resect the hypertrophic portion of the fifth metatarsal head to a more normal configuration. The both edges were rasped smooth.,Attention was then focused on the fifth metatarsal. The periosteal layer proximal to the fifth metatarsal head was underscored, free from its underlying attachment, and then reflected to expose the osseous surface. An excess guide position perpendicular to the weightbearing surface was placed to define apex of the osteotomy.,Using an oscillating saw, a vertically placed, wedge-shaped oblique ostomy was made with the apex being proximal, lateral, and the base medial and distal. Generous amounts of lateral cortex were preserved for the lateral hinge. The wedge was removed from the surgical field. The fifth metatarsal was placed in the appropriate position and stabilized with a guide pin, which was then countersunk and a 3-0 x 40 mm cannulated cortical screw was placed over the guide pin and secured into position. Good purchase was noted at the osteotomy site. Inspection revealed satisfactory reduction of the fourth intermetatarsal angle with the fifth metatarsal in good alignment and position. The surgical site was flushed with copious amounts of normal saline irrigation. The periosteal and capsular layers were closed with running sutures of 3-0 Vicryl. The subcutaneous tissues were closed with 4-0 Vicryl, and the skin edges were closed with 4-0 nylon in a running interrupted fashion. A dressing consisting of Adaptic, 4 x 4, confirming bandages, and ACE wrap to provide mild compression was applied. The patient tolerated the procedure and anesthesia well and left the operating room to the recovery room in good postoperative condition with vital signs stable and arterial perfusion intact as evident by normal capillary refill time, and all digits were warm and pink.,A walker boot was dispensed and applied. The patient should wear that all the time when standing or walking and be nonweightbearing with crutches and to clear by me.,Office visit will be in 4 days. The patient was given prescriptions for Keflex 500 mg one p.o. t.i.d. for 10 days and Ultram ER, #15 one p.o. daily along with written and oral home instructions including a number on which I can be reached 24 hours a day if any problem arises.,After short recuperative period, the patient was discharged home with a vital sign stable in no acute distress." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4984 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Gangrene osteomyelitis, right second toe.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Gangrene osteomyelitis, right second toe.,OPERATIVE REPORT: ,The patient is a 58-year-old female with poorly controlled diabetes with severe lower extremity lymphedema. The patient has history of previous right foot infection requiring first ray resection. The patient has ulcerations of right second toe dorsally at the proximal interphalangeal joint, which has failed to respond to conservative treatment. The patient now has exposed bone and osteomyelitis in the second toe. The patient has been on IV antibiotics as an outpatient and has failed to respond to these and presents today for surgical intervention.,After an IV was started by the Department of Anesthesia, the patient was taken back to the operating room and placed on the operative table in the supine position. A restraint belt was placed around the patient's waist using copious amounts of Webril and an ankle pneumatic tourniquet was placed around the patient's right ankle and the patient was made comfortable by the Department of Anesthesia. After adequate amounts of sedation had been given to the patient, we administered a block of 10 cc of 0.5% Marcaine plain in proximal digital block around the second digit. The foot and ankle were then prepped in the normal sterile orthopedic manner. The foot was elevated and an Esmarch bandage applied to exsanguinate the foot. The tourniquet was then inflated to 250 mmHg and the foot was brought back onto the table. Using Band-Aid scissors, the stockinet was cut and reflected and using a wet and dry sponge, the foot was wiped, cleaned, and the second toe identified.,Using a skin scrape, a racket type incision was planned around the second toe to allow also remodelling of previous operative site. Using a fresh #10 blade, skin incision was made circumferentially in the racket-shaped manner around the second digit. Then, using a fresh #15 blade, the incision was deepened and was taken down to the level of the second metatarsophalangeal joint. Care was taken to identify bleeders and cautery was used as necessary for hemostasis. After cleaning up all the soft tissue attachments, the second digit was disarticulated down to the level of the metatarsophalangeal joint. The head of the second metatarsal was inspected and was noted to have good glistening white cartilage with no areas of erosion evident by visual examination. Attention was then directed to closure of the wound. All remaining tissue was noted to be healthy and granular in appearance with no necrotic tissue evident. Areas of subcutaneous tissue were then removed through a sharp dissection in order to allow better approximation of the skin edges. Due to long-standing lower extremity lymphedema and postoperative changes on previous surgery, I thought that we were unable to close the incision in entirety. Therefore, after copious amounts of irrigation using sterile saline, it was determined to use modified dental rolls using #4-0 gauze to remove tension from the skin. Deep vertical mattress sutures were used in order to reapproximate more closely, the skin edges and bring the plantar flap of skin up to the dorsal skin. This was obtained using #2-0 nylon suture. Following this, the remaining exposed tissue from the wound was covered using moist to dry saline soaked 4 x 4 gauze. The wound was then dressed using 4 x 4 gauze fluffed with abdominal pads, then using Kling and Kerlix and an ACE bandage to provide compression. The tourniquet was deflated at 42 minutes' time and hemostasis was noted to be achieved. The ACE bandage was extended up to just below the knee and no bleeding striking to the bandages was appreciated. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was escorted to the Postanesthesia Care Unit with vital signs stable and vascular status intact, as was evidenced by capillary bleeding, which was present during the procedure. Sedation was given postoperative introductions, which include to remain nonweightbearing to her right foot. The patient was instructed to keep the foot elevated and to apply ice behind her knee as necessary, no more than 20 minutes each hour. The patient was instructed to continue her regular medications. The patient was to continue IV antibiotic course and was given prescription for Vicoprofen to be taken q.4h. p.r.n. for moderate to severe pain #30. The patient will followup with Podiatry on Monday morning at 8:30 in the Podiatry Clinic for dressing change and evaluation of her foot at that time.,The patient was instructed as to signs and symptoms of infection, was instructed to return to the Emergency Department immediately if these should present. The second digit was sent to Pathology for gross and micro." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 4802 }

{ "text": "SUBJECTIVE: , The patient is a 60-year-old female, who complained of coughing during meals. Her outpatient evaluation revealed a mild-to-moderate cognitive linguistic deficit, which was completed approximately 2 months ago. The patient had a history of hypertension and TIA/stroke. The patient denied history of heartburn and/or gastroesophageal reflux disorder. A modified barium swallow study was ordered to objectively evaluate the patient's swallowing function and safety and to rule out aspiration.,OBJECTIVE: , Modified barium swallow study was performed in the Radiology Suite in cooperation with Dr. ABC. The patient was seated upright in a video imaging chair throughout this assessment. To evaluate the patient's swallowing function and safety, she was administered graduated amounts of liquid and food mixed with barium in the form of thin liquid (teaspoon x2, cup sip x2); nectar-thick liquid (teaspoon x2, cup sip x2); puree consistency (teaspoon x2); and solid food consistency (1/4 cracker x1).,ASSESSMENT,ORAL STAGE:, Premature spillage to the level of the valleculae and pyriform sinuses with thin liquid. Decreased tongue base retraction, which contributed to vallecular pooling after the swallow.,PHARYNGEAL STAGE: , No aspiration was observed during this evaluation. Penetration was noted with cup sips of thin liquid only. Trace residual on the valleculae and on tongue base with nectar-thick puree and solid consistencies. The patient's hyolaryngeal elevation and anterior movement are within functional limits. Epiglottic inversion is within functional limits.,CERVICAL ESOPHAGEAL STAGE: ,The patient's upper esophageal sphincter opening is well coordinated with swallow and readily accepted the bolus. Radiologist noted reduced peristaltic action of the constricted muscles in the esophagus, which may be contributing to the patient's complaint of globus sensation.,DIAGNOSTIC IMPRESSION:, No aspiration was noted during this evaluation. Penetration with cup sips of thin liquid. The patient did cough during this evaluation, but that was noted related to aspiration or penetration.,PROGNOSTIC IMPRESSION: ,Based on this evaluation, the prognosis for swallowing and safety is good.,PLAN: , Based on this evaluation and following recommendations are being made:,1. The patient to take small bite and small sips to help decrease the risk of aspiration and penetration.,2. The patient should remain upright at a 90-degree angle for at least 45 minutes after meals to decrease the risk of aspiration and penetration as well as to reduce her globus sensation.,3. The patient should be referred to a gastroenterologist for further evaluation of her esophageal function.,The patient does not need any skilled speech therapy for her swallowing abilities at this time, and she is discharged from my services." }

[ { "label": " Consult - History and Phy.", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2843 }

{ "text": "CC:, Orthostatic lightheadedness.,HX:, This 76 y/o male complained of several months of generalized weakness and malaise, and a two week history of progressively worsening orthostatic dizziness. The dizziness worsened when moving into upright positions. In addition, he complained of intermittent throbbing holocranial headaches, which did not worsen with positional change, for the past several weeks. He had lost 40 pounds over the past year and denied any recent fever, SOB, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, hemoptysis, melena, hematochezia, bright red blood per rectum, polyuria, night sweats, visual changes, or syncopal episodes.,He had a 100+ pack-year history of tobacco use and continued to smoke 1 to 2 packs per day. He has a history of sinusitis.,EXAM:, BP 98/80 mmHg and pulse 64 BPM (supine); BP 70/palpable mmHG and pulse 84BPM (standing). RR 12, Afebrile. Appeared fatigued.,CN: unremarkable.,Motor and Sensory exam: unremarkable.,Coord: Slowed but otherwise unremarkable movements.,Reflexes: 2/2 and symmetric throughout all 4 extremities. Plantar responses were flexor, bilaterally.,The rest of the neurologic and general physical exam was unremarkable.,LAB:, Na 121 meq/L, K 4.2 meq/L, Cl 90 meq/L, CO2 20meq/L, BUN 12mg/DL, CR 1.0mg/DL, Glucose 99mg/DL, ESR 30mm/hr, CBC WNL with nl WBC differential, Urinalysis: SG 1.016 and otherwise WNL, TSH 2.8 IU/ML, FT4 0.9ng/DL, Urine Osmolality 246 MOSM/Kg (low), Urine Na 35 meq/L,,COURSE:, The patient was initially hydrated with IV normal saline and his orthostatic hypotension resolved, but returned within 24-48hrs. Further laboratory studies revealed: Aldosterone (serum)<2ng/DL (low), 30 minute Cortrosyn Stimulation test: pre 6.9ug/DL (borderline low), post 18.5ug/DL (normal stimulation rise), Prolactin 15.5ng/ML (no baseline given), FSH and LH were within normal limits for males. Testosterone 33ng/DL (wnl). Sinus XR series (done for history of headache) showed an abnormal sellar region with enlarged sella tursica and destruction of the posterior clinoids. There was also an abnormal calcification seen in the middle of the sellar region. A left maxillary sinus opacity with air-fluid level was seen. Goldman visual field testing was unremarkable. Brain CT and MRI revealed suprasellar mass most consistent with pituitary adenoma. He was treated with Fludrocortisone 0.05 mg BID and within 24hrs, despite discontinuation of IV fluids, remained hemodynamically stable and free of symptoms of orthostatic hypotension. His presumed pituitary adenoma continues to be managed with Fludrocortisone as of this writing (1/1997), though he has developed dementia felt secondary to cerebrovascular disease (stroke/TIA)." }

[ { "label": " Neurology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2679 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Morton's neuroma, third interspace, left foot.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Morton's neuroma, third interspace, left foot.,OPERATION PERFORMED: , Excision of neuroma, third interspace, left foot.,ANESTHESIA: , General (local was confirmed by surgeon).,HEMOSTASIS: , Ankle pneumatic tourniquet 225 mmHg.,TOURNIQUET TIME: , 18 minutes. Electrocautery was necessary.,INJECTABLES: , 50:50 mixture of 0.5% Marcaine and 1% Xylocaine, both plain. Also, 0.5 mL dexamethasone phosphate (4 mg/mL).,INDICATIONS: , Please see dictated H&P for specifics.,PROCEDURE: ,After proper identification was made, the patient was brought to the operating room and placed on the table in supine position. The patient was then placed under general anesthesia. A local block was then injected into the third ray of the left foot. The left foot was then prepped with chlorhexidine gluconate and then draped in the usual sterile technique. The left foot was then exsanguinated with an Esmarch bandage and elevated and an ankle pneumatic tourniquet was then inflated. Attention was then directed to the third interspace where a longitudinal incision was placed just proximal to the webspace. The incision was deepened via sharp and blunt dissection with care taken to protect all vital structures. Identification of the neuroma was made following plantar flexion of the digits. It was grasped with a hemostat and it was dissected in toto and removed. It was then sent to pathology. The area was then flushed with copious amounts of sterile saline. Closure was with 4-0 Vicryl in the subcutaneous tissue and then running subcuticular 4-0 nylon suture in the skin. Steri-Strips were then placed over that area. A sterile compressive dressing consisting of saline-soaked gauze, ABD, Kling, Coban was placed over the foot. The tourniquet was then released. Good flow was noted to return to all digits. The patient did tolerate the procedure well. He left the operating room with all vital signs stable and neurovascular status intact. The patient went to the recovery. The patient previously had been given both oral and written preoperative as well as postoperative instructions and a prescription for pain. The patient will follow up with me in approximately 4 days for dressing change." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2303 }

{ "text": "PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:, This 71-year-old man went to his primary care physician for a routine physical. His only complaints were nocturia times two and a gradual \"slowing down\" feeling. The physical examination on 1/29 was within normal limits except for the digital rectal exam which revealed an asymmetric prostate gland with nodularity, R>L. PSA was elevated. The differential diagnosis for the visit was abnormal prostate, suggestive of CA.,IMAGING: ,CT pelvis: Irregular indentation of bladder. Seminal vesicles enlarged. Streaky densities in periprostatic fat consistent with transcapular spread to periprostatic plexus. Impression: prostatic malignancy with extracapsular extension and probable regional node metastasis.,Bone scan: Negative for distant metastasis.,LABORATORY:, PSA 32.1,PROCEDURES:, Transrectal needle biopsy of prostate. Pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy.,PATHOLOGY: ,Prostate biopsy: Moderate to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in the right lobe and poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma in the left lobe of prostate.,Lymphadenectomy and prostatectomy: Frozen section of removed pelvic lymph nodes demonstrated metastatic adenocarcinoma in one lymph node in the right obturator fossa. Therefore, the radical prostatectomy was canceled. ,Final pathology diagnosis: Pelvic lymphadenectomy; left obturator fossa, single negative lymph node. Right obturator fossa; metastatic adenocarcinoma in 1/5 lymph nodes. Largest involved node 1.5 cm.,TREATMENT: , Patient began external beam radiation therapy to the pelvis." }

[ { "label": " SOAP / Chart / Progress Notes", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1585 }

{ "text": "CHIEF COMPLAINT:, Falls at home.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:, The patient is an 82-year-old female who fell at home and presented to the emergency room with increased anxiety. Family members who are present state that the patient had been increasingly anxious and freely admitted that she was depressed at home. They noted that she frequently came to the emergency room for \"attention.\" The patient denied any chest pain or pressure and no change to exercise tolerance. The patient denied any loss of consciousness or incontinence. She denies any seizure activity. She states that she \"tripped\" at home. Family states she frequently takes Darvocet for her anxiety and that makes her feel better, but they are afraid she is self medicating. They stated that she has numerous medications at home, but they were not sure if she was taking them. The patient been getting along for a number of years and has been doing well, but recently has been noting some decline primarily with regards to her depression. The patient denied SI or HI.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,GENERAL: The patient is pleasant 82-year-old female in no acute distress.,VITAL SIGNS: Stable.,HEENT: Negative.,NECK: Supple. Carotid upstrokes are 2+.,LUNGS: Clear.,HEART: Normal S1 and S2. No gallops. Rate is regular.,ABDOMEN: Soft. Positive bowel sounds. Nontender.,EXTREMITIES: No edema. There is some ecchymosis noted to the left great toe. The area is tender; however, metatarsal is nontender.,NEUROLOGICAL: Grossly nonfocal.,HOSPITAL COURSE: , A psychiatric evaluation was obtained due to the patient's increased depression and anxiety. Continue Paxil and Xanax use was recommended. The patient remained medically stable during her hospital stay and arrangements were made for discharge to a rehabilitation program given her recent falls.,DISCHARGE DIAGNOSES:,1. Falls ,2. Anxiety and depression.,3. Hypertension.,4. Hypercholesterolemia.,5. Coronary artery disease.,6. Osteoarthritis.,7. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.,8. Hypothyroidism.,CONDITION UPON DISCHARGE: , Stable.,DISCHARGE MEDICATIONS: , Tylenol 650 mg q.6h. p.r.n., Xanax 0.5 q.4h. p.r.n., Lasix 80 mg daily, Isordil 10 mg t.i.d., KCl 20 mEq b.i.d., lactulose 10 g daily, Cozaar 50 mg daily, Synthroid 75 mcg daily, Singulair 10 mg daily, Lumigan one drop both eyes at bed time, NitroQuick p.r.n., Pravachol 20 mg daily, Feldene 20 mg daily, Paxil 20 mg daily, Minipress 2 mg daily, Provera p.r.n., Advair 250/50 one puff b.i.d., Senokot one tablet b.i.d., Timoptic one drop OU daily, and verapamil 80 mg b.i.d.,ALLERGIES: , None.,ACTIVITY: , Per PT.,FOLLOW-UP: , The patient discharged to a skilled nursing facility for further rehabilitation." }

[ { "label": " Neurology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2715 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Right pelvic pain.,2. Right ovarian mass.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Right pelvic pain.,2. Right ovarian mass.,3. 8 cm x 10 cm right ovarian cyst with ovarian torsion.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: ,Laparoscopic right salpingooophorectomy.,ANESTHESIA: ,General with endotracheal tube.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , Less than 50 cc.,TUBES: , None.,DRAINS:, None.,PATHOLOGY: , The right tube and ovary sent to pathology for review.,FINDINGS: , On exam under anesthesia, a normal-appearing vulva and vagina and normally palpated cervix, a uterus that was normal size, and a large right adnexal mass. Laparoscopic findings demonstrated a 8 cm x 10 cm smooth right ovarian cyst that was noted to be torsed twice. Otherwise, the uterus, left tube and ovary, bowel, liver margins, appendix, and gallbladder were noted all to be within normal limits. There was no noted blood in the pelvis.,INDICATIONS FOR THIS PROCEDURE:, The patient is a 26-year-old G1 P1 who presented to ABCD General Emergency Room with complaint of right lower quadrant pain since last night, which has been increasing in intensity. The pain persisted despite multiple pain medications given in the Emergency Room. The patient reports positive nausea and vomiting. There was no vaginal bleeding or discharge. There was no fevers or chills. Her cultures done in the Emergency Room were pending. The patient did have an ultrasound that demonstrated an 8 cm right ovarian cyst, questionable hemorrhagic. The uterus and left ovary were within normal limits. There was a positive flow noted to bilateral ovaries on ultrasound. Therefore, it was felt appropriate to take the patient for a diagnostic laparoscopy with a possible oophorectomy.,PROCEDURE:, After informed consent was obtained, and all questions were answered to the patient's satisfaction in layman's terms, she was taken to the operating room where general anesthesia was obtained without any difficulty. She was placed in dorsal lithotomy position with the use of Allis strips and prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. Her bladder was drained with a red Robinson catheter and she was examined under anesthesia and was noted to have the findings as above. She was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. A weighted speculum was placed in the patient's vagina with excellent visualization of the cervix. The cervix was grasped at 12 o'clock position with a single-toothed tenaculum and pulled into the operative field. The uterus was then sounded to approximately 3.5 inches and then a uterine elevator was placed. The vulsellum tenaculum was removed. The weighted speculum was removed. Attention was then turned to the abdomen where 1 cm infraumbilical incision was made in the infraumbilical fold. The Veress step needle was then placed into the abdomen while the abdomen was being tented up with towel clamp. The CO2 was then turned on with unoccluded flow and excellent pressures. This was continued till a normal symmetrical pneumoperitoneum was obtained. Then, a #11 mm step trocar and sleeve were placed into the infraumbilical port without any difficulty and placement was confirmed by laparoscope. Laparoscopic findings are as noted above. A suprapubic incision was made with the knife and then a #12 mm step trocar and sleeve were placed in the suprapubic region under direct visualization. Then, a grasper was used to untorse the ovary. Then, a #12 mm port was placed in the right flank region under direct visualization using a LigaSure vessel sealing system. The right tube and ovary were amputated and noted to be hemostatic. The EndoCatch bag was then placed through the suprapubic port and the ovary was placed into the bag. The ovary was too large to fit completely into the bag. Therefore, a laparoscopic needle with a 60 cc syringe was used to aspirate the contents of the ovary while it was still inside the bag.,There was approximately 200 cc of fluid aspirated from the cyst. This was a clear yellow fluid. Then, the bag was closed and the ovary was removed from the suprapubic port. The suprapubic port did have to be extended somewhat to allow for the removal of the ovary. The trocar and sleeve were then placed back into the port. The abdomen was copiously irrigated with warm normal saline using the Nezhat-Dorsey suction irrigator and the incision site was noted to be hemostatic. The pelvis was clear and clean. ,Pictures were obtained. The suprapubic port was then removed under direct visualization and then using a #0-vicyrl and UR6. Two figure-of-eight sutures were placed in the fascia of suprapubic port and fascia was closed and the pneumoperitoneum was maintained after the sutures were placed. Therefore, the peritoneal surface was noted to be hemostatic. Therefore, the camera was removed. All instruments were removed. The abdomen was allowed to completely deflate and then the trocars were placed back through the sleeves of the right flank #12 port and the infraumbilical port and these were removed. The infraumbilical port was examined and noted to have a small fascial defect which was repaired with #0-Vicryl and UR6. The right flank area was palpated and there was no facial defect noted. The skin was then closed with #4-0 undyed Vicryl in subcuticular fashion. Dressings were changed. The weighted speculum was removed from the patient's cervix. The cervix noted to be hemostatic. The patient tolerated the procedure well. Sponge, lap, and needle counts were correct x2 and the patient was taken to the Recovery in stable condition." }

[ { "label": " Obstetrics / Gynecology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 5624 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Invasive carcinoma of left breast.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Invasive carcinoma of left breast.,OPERATION PERFORMED:, Left modified radical mastectomy.,ANESTHESIA: , General endotracheal.,INDICATION FOR THE PROCEDURE: ,The patient is a 52-year-old female who recently underwent a left breast biopsy and was found to have invasive carcinoma of the left breast. The patient was elected to have a left modified radical mastectomy, she was not interested in a partial mastectomy. She is aware of the risks and complications of surgery, and wished to proceed.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: ,The patient was taken to the operating room. She underwent general endotracheal anesthetic. The TED stockings and venous compression devices were placed on both lower extremities and they were functioning well. The patient's left anterior chest wall, neck, axilla, and left arm were prepped and draped in the usual sterile manner. The recent biopsy site was located in the upper and outer quadrant of left breast. The plain incision was marked along the skin. Tissues and the flaps were injected with 0.25% Marcaine with epinephrine solution and then a transverse elliptical incision was made in the breast of the skin to include nipple areolar complex as well as the recent biopsy site. The flaps were raised superiorly and just below the clavicle medially to the sternum, laterally towards the latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominus fascia. Following this, the breast tissue along with the pectoralis major fascia were dissected off the pectoralis major muscle. The dissection was started medially and extended laterally towards the left axilla. The breast was removed and then the axillary contents were dissected out. Left axillary vein and artery were identified and preserved as well as the lung _____. The patient had several clinically palpable lymph nodes, they were removed with the axillary dissection. Care was taken to avoid injury to any of the above mentioned neurovascular structures. After the tissues were irrigated, we made sure there were no signs of bleeding. Hemostasis had been achieved with Hemoclips. Hemovac drains x2 were then brought in and placed under the left axilla as well as in the superior and inferior breast flaps. The subcu was then approximated with interrupted 4-0 Vicryl sutures and skin with clips. The drains were sutured to the chest wall with 3-0 nylon sutures. Dressing was applied and the procedure was completed. The patient went to the recovery room in stable condition." }

[ { "label": " Obstetrics / Gynecology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2549 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Adenocarcinoma of the prostate.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Adenocarcinoma of the prostate.,TITLE OF OPERATION:, Mini-laparotomy radical retropubic prostatectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection with Cavermap.,ANESTHESIA: , General by intubation.,Informed consent was obtained for the procedure. The patient understands the treatment options and wishes to proceed. He accepts the risks to include bleeding requiring transfusion, infection, sepsis, incontinence, impotence, bladder neck constricture, heart attack, stroke, pulmonary emboli, phlebitis, injury to the bladder, rectum, or ureter, etcetera.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , The patient was taken to the Operating Room and placed in the supine position, prepped with Betadine solution and draped in the usual sterile fashion. A 20- French Foley catheter was inserted into the penis and into the bladder and placed to dependent drainage. The table was then placed in minimal flexed position. A midline skin incision was then made from the umbilicus to the symphysis pubis. It was carried down to the anterior rectus fascia into the pelvis proper. Both obturator fossae were exposed. Standard bilateral pelvic lymph node dissections were carried out. The left side was approached first by myself. The limits of my dissection were from the external iliac vein laterally to the obturator nerve medially, and from the bifurcation of the common iliac vein proximally to Cooper's ligament distally. Meticulous lymphostasis and hemostasis was obtained using hemoclips and 2-0 silk ligatures. The obturator nerve was visualized throughout and was not injured. The right side was carried out by my assistant under my direct and constant supervision. Again, the obturator nerve was visualized throughout and it was not injured. Both packets were sent to Pathology where no evidence of carcinoma was found.,My attention was then directed to the prostate itself. The endopelvic fascia was opened bilaterally. Using gentle dissection with a Kitner, I swept the levator muscles off the prostate and exposed the apical portion of the prostate. A back bleeding control suture of 0 Vicryl was placed at the mid-prostate level. A sternal wire was then placed behind the dorsal vein complex which was sharply transected. The proximal and distal portions of this complex were then oversewn with 2-0 Vicryl in a running fashion. When I was satisfied that hemostasis was complete, my attention was then turned to the neurovascular bundles.,The urethra was then sharply transected and six sutures of 2-0 Monocryl placed at the 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 o'clock positions. The prostate was then lifted retrograde in the field and was swept from the anterior surface of the rectum and the posterior layer of Denonvilliers' fascia was incised distally, swept off the rectum and incorporated with the prostate specimen. The lateral pedicles over the seminal vesicles were then mobilized, hemoclipped and transected. The seminal vesicles themselves were then mobilized and hemostasis obtained using hemoclips. Ampullae of the vas were mobilized, hemoclipped and transected. The bladder neck was then developed using careful blunt and sharp dissection. The prostate was then transected at the level of the bladder neck and sent for permanent specimen. The bladder neck was reevaluated and the ureteral orifices were found to be placed well back from the edge. The bladder neck was reconstructed in standard fashion. It was closed using a running 2-0 Vicryl. The mucosa was everted over the edge of the bladder neck using interrupted 3-0 Vicryl suture. At the end of this portion of the case, the new bladder neck had a stoma-like appearance and would accommodate easily my small finger. The field was then re-evaluated for hemostasis which was further obtained using hemoclips, Bovie apparatus and 3-0 chromic ligatures. When I was satisfied that hemostasis was complete, the aforementioned Monocryl sutures were then placed at the corresponding positions in the bladder neck. A new 20-French Foley catheter was brought in through the urethra into the bladder. A safety suture of 0 Prolene was brought through the end of this and out through a separate stab wound in the bladder and through the left lateral quadrant. The table was taken out of flexion and the bladder was then brought into approximation to the urethra and the Monocryl sutures were ligated. The bladder was then copiously irrigated with sterile water and the anastomosis was found to be watertight. The pelvis was also copiously irrigated with 2 liters of sterile water. A 10-French Jackson-Pratt drain was placed in the pelvis and brought out through the right lower quadrant and sutured in place with a 2-0 silk ligature.,The wound was then closed in layers. The muscle was closed with a running 0 chromic, the fascia with a running 1-0 Vicryl, the subcutaneous tissue with 3-0 plain, and the skin with a running 4-0 Vicryl subcuticular. Steri-Strips were applied and a sterile dressing.,The patient was taken to the Recovery Room in good condition. There were no complications. Sponge and instrument counts were reported correct at the end of the case." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 5231 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Chronic hypertrophic adenotonsillitis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Chronic hypertrophic adenotonsillitis.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE:, Adenotonsillectomy, primary, patient under age 12.,ANESTHESIA: , General endotracheal anesthesia.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , This patient was brought from the holding area and did receive preoperative antibiotics of Cleocin as well as IV Decadron. She was placed supine on the operating room table. General endotracheal anesthesia was induced without difficulty. In the holding area, her allergies were reviewed. It is unclear whether she is actually allergic to penicillin. Codeine caused her to be excitable, but she did not actually have an allergic reaction to codeine. She might be allergic to BACTRIM and SULFA. After positioning a small shoulder roll and draping sterilely, McIvor mouthgag, #3 blade was inserted and suspended from the Mayo stand. There was no bifid uvula or submucous cleft. She had 3+ cryptic tonsils with significant debris in the tonsillar crypts. Injection at each peritonsillar area with 0.25% with Marcaine with 1:200,000 Epinephrine, approximately 1.5 mL total volume. The left superior tonsillar pole was then grasped with curved Allis forceps. _______ incision and dissection in the tonsillar capsule and hemostasis and removal of the tonsil was obtained with Coblation Evac Xtra Wand on 7/3. Mouthgag was released, reopened, no bleeding was seen. The right tonsil was then removed in the same fashion. The mouthgag released, reopened, and no bleeding was seen. Small red rubber catheter in the nasal passage was used to retract the soft palate. She had mild-to-moderate adenoidal tissue residual. It was removed with Coblation Evac Xtra gently curved Wand on 9/5. Red rubber catheter was then removed. Mouthgag was again released, reopened, no bleeding was seen. Orogastric suction carried out with only scant clear stomach contents. Mouthgag was then removed. Teeth and lips were inspected and were in their preoperative condition. The patient then awakened, extubated, and taken to recovery room in good condition.,TOTAL BLOOD LOSS FROM TONSILLECTOMY: , Less than 2 mL.,TOTAL BLOOD LOSS FROM ADENOIDECTOMY: , Less than 2 mL.,COMPLICATIONS: , No intraoperative events or complications occurred.,PLAN:, Family will be counseled postoperatively. Postoperatively, the patient will be on Zithromax oral suspension 500 mg daily for 5 to 7 days, Lortab Elixir for pain. _______ and promethazine if needed for nausea and vomiting." }

[ { "label": " ENT - Otolaryngology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2536 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Left testicular torsion, possibly detorsion.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Left testicular torsion, possibly detorsion.,PROCEDURE: , Left scrotal exploration with detorsion. Already, de-torsed bilateral testes fixation and bilateral appendix testes cautery.,ANESTHETIC:, A 0.25% Marcaine local wound insufflation per surgeon, 15 mL of Toradol.,FINDINGS:, Congestion in the left testis and cord with a bell-clapper deformity on the right small appendix testes bilaterally. No testis necrosis.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:, 5 mL.,FLUIDS RECEIVED: , 300 mL of crystalloid.,TUBES AND DRAINS:, None.,SPECIMENS: , No tissues sent to pathology.,COUNTS:, Sponges and needle counts were correct x2.,INDICATIONS OF OPERATION: , The patient is a 4-year-old boy with abrupt onset of left testicular pain. He has had a history of similar onset. Apparently, he had no full on one ultrasound and full on a second ultrasound, but because of possible torsion, detorsion, or incomplete detorsion, I recommended an exploration.,DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION:, The patient was taken to the operating room, where surgical consent, operative site, and patient identification was verified. Once he was anesthetized, he was placed in supine position and sterilely prepped and draped. Superior scrotal incisions were then made with 15-blade knife and further extended up to the subcutaneous tissue and dartos fascia with electrocautery. Electrocautery was used for hemostasis. The subdartos pouch was created with curved tenotomy scissors. The tunica vaginalis was then delivered, incised, and testis was delivered. The testis itself with a bell-clapper deformity. There was no actual torsion at the present time, there was some modest congestion and, however, the vasculature was markedly congested down the cord. The penis fascia was cauterized and subdartos pouch was created. The upper aspect of fascia was then closed with pursestring suture of 4-0 chromic. The testis was then placed into the scrotum in a proper orientation. No tacking sutures within the testis itself were used. The tunica vaginalis; however, was wrapped perfectly behind the back of the testis. A similar procedure was performed on the right side. Again, an appendix testis was cauterized. No torsion was seen. He also had a bell-clapper deformity and similar dartos pouch was created and the testis was placed in the scrotum in the proper orientation and the upper aspect closed with #4-0 chromic suture. The local anesthetic was then used for both as cord block, as well as a local wound insufflation bilaterally with 0.25% Marcaine. The scrotal wall was then closed with subcuticular closure of #4-0 chromic. Dermabond tissue adhesive was then used. The patient tolerated the procedure well. He was given IV Toradol and was taken to the recovery room in stable condition." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2867 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Malnutrition and dysphagia.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Malnutrition and dysphagia with two antral polyps and large hiatal hernia.,PROCEDURES: , Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy of one of the polyps and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement.,ANESTHESIA: , IV sedation, 1% Xylocaine locally.,CONDITION:, Stable.,OPERATIVE NOTE IN DETAIL: , After risk of operation was explained to this patient's family, consent was obtained for surgery. The patient was brought to the GI lab. There, she was placed in partial left lateral decubitus position. She was given IV sedation by Anesthesia. Her abdomen was prepped with alcohol and then Betadine. Flexible gastroscope was passed down the esophagus, through the stomach into the duodenum. No lesions were noted in the duodenum. There appeared to be a few polyps in the antral area, two in the antrum. Actually, one appeared to be almost covering the pylorus. The scope was withdrawn back into the antrum. On retroflexion, we could see a large hiatal hernia. No other lesions were noted. Biopsy was taken of one of the polyps. The scope was left in position. Anterior abdominal wall was prepped with Betadine, 1% Xylocaine was injected in the left epigastric area. A small stab incision was made and a large bore Angiocath was placed directly into the anterior abdominal wall, into the stomach, followed by a thread, was grasped with a snare using the gastroscope, brought out through the patient's mouth. Tied to the gastrostomy tube, which was then pulled down and up through the anterior abdominal wall. It was held in position with a dressing and a stent. A connector was applied to the cut gastrostomy tube, held in place with a 2-0 silk ligature. The patient tolerated the procedure well. She was returned to the floor in stable condition." }

[ { "label": " Gastroenterology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1850 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: ,1. Congenital chylous ascites and chylothorax.,2. Rule out infradiaphragmatic lymphatic leak.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Diffuse intestinal and mesenteric lymphangiectasia.,ANESTHESIA: , General.,INDICATION: ,The patient is an unfortunate 6-month-old baby boy, who has been hospitalized most of his life with recurrent chylothoraces and chylous ascites. The patient has been treated somewhat successfully with TPN and voluntary restriction of enteral nutrition, but he had repeated chylothoraces. Last week, Dr. X took the patient to the operating room in hopes that with thoracotomy, a thoracic duct leak could be found, which would be successfully closed surgically. However at the time of his thoracotomy exploration what was discovered was a large amount of transdiaphragmatic transition of chylous ascites coming from the abdomen. Dr. X opened the diaphragm and could literally see a fountain of chylous fluid exiting through the diaphragmatic hole. This was closed, and we decided that perhaps an abdominal exploration as a last stage effort would allow us to find an area of lymphatic leak that could potentially help the patient from this dismal prognostic disease. We met with his parents and talked to them about this, and he is here today for that attempt.,OPERATIVE FINDINGS: ,The patient's abdomen was relatively soft, minimally distended. Exploration through supraumbilical transverse incision immediately revealed a large amount of chylous ascites upon entering into the peritoneal cavity. What we found which explains the chronic chylous ascites and chylothorax was a diffuse lymphangiectatic picture involving the small bowel mesentery approximately two thirds to three quarters of the distal small bowel including all of the ileum, the cecum, and the portion of the ascending colon. It appeared that any attempt to resect this area would have been met with failure because of the extensive lymphatic dilatation all the way down towards the root of the supramesenteric artery. There was about one quarter to one third of the jejunum that did not appear to be grossly involved, but I did not think that resection of three quarters of the patient's small bowel would be viable surgical option. Instead, we opted to close his abdomen and refer for potential small intestine transplantation procedure in the future if he is a candidate for that.,The lymphatic abnormality was extensive. They were linear dilated lymphatic channels on the serosal surface of the bowel in the mesentery. They were small aneurysm-like pockets of chyle all along the course of the mesenteric structures and in the mesentery medially adjacent to the bowel as well. No other major retroperitoneal structure or correctable structure was identified. Both indirect inguinal hernias were wide open and could be palpated from an internal aspect as well.,DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION: ,The patient was brought from the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit to the operating room within an endotracheal tube im place and with enteral feeds established at full flow to provide maximum fat content and maximum lymphatic flow. We conducted a surgical time-out and reiterated all of the patient's important identifying information and confirmed the operative plan as described above. Preparation and draping of his abdomen was done with chlorhexidine based prep solution and then we opened his peritoneal cavity through a transverse supraumbilical incision dividing both rectus muscles and all layers of the abdominal wall fascia. As the peritoneal cavity was entered, we divided the umbilical vein ligamentum teres remnant between Vicryl ties, and we were able to readily identify a large amount of chylous ascites that had been previously described. The bowel was eviscerated, and then with careful inspection, we were able to identify this extensive area of intestinal and mesenteric lymphangiectasia that was a source of the patient's chylous ascites. The small bowel from the ligament of Treitz to the proximal to mid jejunum was largely unaffected, but did not appear that resection of 75% of the small intestine and colon would be a satisfactory tradeoff for The patient, but would likely render him with significant short bowel and nutritional and metabolic problems. Furthermore, it might burn bridges necessary for consideration of intestinal transplantation in the future if that becomes an option. We suctioned free all of the chylous accumulations, replaced the intestines to their peritoneal cavity, and then closed the patient's abdominal incision with 4-0 PDS on the posterior sheath and 3-0 PDS on the anterior rectus sheath. Subcuticular 5-0 Monocryl and Steri-Strips were used for skin closure.,The patient tolerated the procedure well. He lost minimal blood, but did lose approximately 100 mL of chylous fluid from the abdomen that was suctioned free as part of the chylous ascitic leak. The patient was returned to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit with his endotracheal tube in place and to consider the next stage of management, which might be an attempted additional type of feeding or referral to an Intestinal Transplantation Center to see if that is an option for the patient because he has no universally satisfactory medical or surgical treatment for this at this time." }

[ { "label": " Gastroenterology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 5321 }

{ "text": "PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSES:,1. Contusion of the frontal lobe of the brain.,2. Closed head injury and history of fall.,3. Headache, probably secondary to contusion.,FINAL DIAGNOSES:,1. Contusion of the orbital surface of the frontal lobes bilaterally.,2. Closed head injury.,3. History of fall.,COURSE IN THE HOSPITAL: , This is a 29-year-old male, who fell at home. He was seen in the emergency room due to headache. CT of the brain revealed contusion of the frontal lobe near the falx. The patient did not have any focal signs. He was admitted to ABCD. Neurology consultation was obtained. Neuro checks were done. The patient continued to remain stable, although he had some frontal headache. He underwent an MRI to rule out extension of the contusion or the possibility of a bleed and the MRI of the brain without contrast revealed findings consistent with contusion of the orbital surface of the frontal lobes bilaterally near the interhemispheric fissure. The patient remained clinically stable and his headache resolved. He was discharged home on 11/6/2008.,PLAN: , Discharge the patient to home.,ACTIVITY: ,As tolerated.,The patient has been advised to call if the headache is recurrent and Tylenol 650 mg 1 p.o. q.6 h. p.r.n. headache. The patient has been advised to follow up with me as well as the neurologist in about 1 week." }

[ { "label": " Neurology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1349 }

{ "text": "PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is a very pleasant 69-year-old Caucasian male whom we are asked to see primarily because of a family history of colon cancer, but the patient also has rectal bleeding on a weekly basis and also heartburn once every 1 or 2 weeks. The patient states that he had his first colonoscopy 6 years ago and it was negative. His mother was diagnosed with colon cancer probably in her 50s, but she died of cancer of the esophagus at age 86. The patient does have hemorrhoidal bleed about once a week. Otherwise, he denies any change in bowel habits, abdominal pain, or weight loss. He gets heartburn mainly with certain food such as raw onions and he has had it for years. It will typically occur every couple of weeks. He has had no dysphagia. He has never had an upper endoscopy.,MEDICAL HISTORY: , Remarkable for hypertension, adult-onset diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and restless legs syndrome.,SURGICAL HISTORY: , Appendectomy as a child and cholecystectomy in 2003.,MEDICATIONS: ,His medications are lisinopril 40 mg daily, hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily, metformin 1000 mg twice a day, Januvia 100 mg daily, clonazepam 10 mg at bedtime for restless legs syndrome, Crestor 10 mg nightly, and Flomax 0.4 mg daily.,ALLERGIES: , No known drug allergies.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient is retired. He is married. He had 4 children. He quite smoking 25 years ago after a 35-year history of smoking. He does not drink alcohol.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Mother had colon cancer in her 50s, esophageal cancer in her 80s. Her mother smoked and drank. Father got a mesothelioma at age 65. There is a brother of 65 with hypertension.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , He has had prostatitis with benign prostatic hypertrophy. He has some increased urinary frequency from a history of prostatitis. He has the heartburn, which is diet dependent and the frequent rectal bleeding. He also has restless legs syndrome at night. No cardio or pulmonary complaints. No weight loss.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , Reveals a well-developed, well-nourished man in no acute distress. BP 112/70. Pulse 80 and regular. Respirations non-labored. Height 5 feet 7-1/2 inches. Weight 209 pounds. HEENT exam: Sclerae are anicteric. Pupils equal, conjunctivae clear. No gross oropharyngeal lesions. Neck is supple without lymphadenopathy, thyromegaly, or JVD. Lungs are clear to percussion and auscultation. Heart sounds are regular without murmur, gallop, or rub. The abdomen is soft and nontender. There are no masses. There is no hepatosplenomegaly. The bowel sounds are normal. Rectal examination: Deferred. Extremities have no clubbing, cyanosis or edema. Skin is warm and dry. The patient is alert and oriented with a pleasant affect and no gross motor deficits.,IMPRESSION:,1. Family history of colon cancer.,2. Rectal bleeding.,3. Heartburn and a family history of esophageal cancer.,PLAN:, I agree with the indications for repeat colonoscopy, which should be done at least every 5 years. Also, discussed IRC to treat bleeding and internal hemorrhoids if he is deemed to be an appropriate candidate at the time of his colonoscopy and the patient was agreeable. I am also a little concerned about his family history of esophageal cancer and his personal history of heartburn and suggested that we check him once for Barrett's esophagus. If he does not have it now then it should not be a significant risk in the future. The indications and benefits of EGD, colonoscopy, and IRC were discussed. The risks including sedation, bleeding, infection, and perforation were discussed. The importance of a good bowel prep so as to minimize missing any lesions was discussed. His questions were answered and informed consent obtained. It was a pleasure to care for this nice patient." }

[ { "label": " Consult - History and Phy.", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3806 }

{ "text": "PROCEDURE PERFORMED,1. Placement of a subclavian single-lumen tunneled Hickman central venous catheter.,2. Surgeon-interpreted fluoroscopy.,OPERATION IN DETAIL:, After obtaining informed consent from the patient, including a thorough explanation of the risks and benefits of the aforementioned procedure, the patient was taken to the operating room and anesthesia was administered. Next, a #18-gauge needle was used to locate the subclavian vein. After aspiration of venous blood, a J wire was inserted through the needle using Seldinger technique. The needle was withdrawn. The distal tip location of the J wire was confirmed to be in adequate position with surgeon-interpreted fluoroscopy. Next, a separate stab incision was made approximately 3 fingerbreadths below the wire exit site. A subcutaneous tunnel was created, and the distal tip of the Hickman catheter was pulled through the tunnel to the level of the cuff. The catheter was cut to the appropriate length. A dilator and sheath were passed over the J wire. The dilator and J wire were removed, and the distal tip of the Hickman catheter was threaded through the sheath, which was simultaneously withdrawn. The catheter was flushed and aspirated without difficulty. The distal tip was confirmed to be in good location with surgeon-interpreted fluoroscopy. A 2-0 nylon was used to secure the cuff down to the catheter at the skin level. The skin stab site was closed with a 4-0 Monocryl. The instrument and sponge count was correct at the end of the case. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was transferred to the postanesthesia recovery area in good condition." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1651 }

{ "text": "CHIEF COMPLAINT:, Non-healing surgical wound to the left posterior thigh.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , This is a 49-year-old white male who sustained a traumatic injury to his left posterior thighthis past year while in ABCD. He sustained an injury from the patellar from a boat while in the water. He was air lifted actually up to XYZ Hospital and underwent extensive surgery. He still has an external fixation on it for the healing fractures in the leg and has undergone grafting and full thickness skin grafting closure to a large defect in his left posterior thigh, which is nearly healed right in the gluteal fold on that left area. In several areas right along the graft site and low in the leg, the patient has several areas of hypergranulation tissue. He has some drainage from these areas. There are no signs and symptoms of infection. He is referred to us to help him get those areas under control.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:, Essentially negative other than he has had C. difficile in the recent past.,ALLERGIES:, None.,MEDICATIONS: , Include Cipro and Flagyl.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: , Significant for his trauma surgery noted above.,FAMILY HISTORY: , His maternal grandmother had pancreatic cancer. Father had prostate cancer. There is heart disease in the father and diabetes in the father.,SOCIAL HISTORY:, He is a non-cigarette smoker and non-ETOH user. He is divorced. He has three children. He has an attorney.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:,CARDIAC: He denies any chest pain or shortness of breath.,GI: As noted above.,GU: As noted above.,ENDOCRINE: He denies any bleeding disorders.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,GENERAL: He presents as a well-developed, well-nourished 49-year-old white male who appears to be in no significant distress.,HEENT: Unremarkable.,NECK: Supple. There is no mass, adenopathy, or bruit.,CHEST: Normal excursion.,LUNGS: Clear to auscultation and percussion.,COR: Regular. There is no S3, S4, or gallop. There is no murmur.,ABDOMEN: Soft. It is nontender. There is no mass or organomegaly.,GU: Unremarkable.,RECTAL: Deferred.,EXTREMITIES: His right lower extremity is unremarkable. Peripheral pulse is good. His left lower extremity is significant for the split thickness skin graft closure of a large defect in the posterior thigh, which is nearly healed. The open areas that are noted above __________ hypergranulation tissue both on his gluteal folds on the left side. There is one small area right essentially within the graft site, and there is one small area down lower on the calf area. The patient has an external fixation on that comes out laterally on his left thigh. Those pin sites look clean.,NEUROLOGIC: Without focal deficits. The patient is alert and oriented.,IMPRESSION: , Several multiple areas of hypergranulation tissue on the left posterior leg associated with a sense of trauma to his right posterior leg.,PLAN:, Plan would be for chemical cauterization of these areas. Series of treatment with chemical cauterization till these are closed." }

[ { "label": " Consult - History and Phy.", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3028 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Visually significant posterior capsule opacity, right eye.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Visually significant posterior capsule opacity, right eye.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURES: ,YAG laser posterior capsulotomy, right eye.,ANESTHESIA: , Topical anesthesia using tetracaine ophthalmic drops.,INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY: , This patient was found to have a visually significant posterior capsule opacity in the right eye. The patient has had a mild decrease in visual acuity, which has been a gradual change. The posterior capsule opacity was felt to be related to the decline in vision. The risks, benefits, and alternatives (including observation) were discussed. I feel the patient had a good understanding of the proposed procedure and informed consent was obtained.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was identified and the procedure was verified. Pupil was dilated per protocol. Patient was positioned at the YAG laser. Then, *** of energy were used to perform a circular posterior laser capsulotomy through the visual axis. A total of ** shots were used. Total energy was **. The patient tolerated the procedure well and there were no complications. The lens remained well centered and stable. Postoperative instructions were provided. Alphagan P ophthalmic drops times two were instilled prior to his dismissal.,Post-laser intraocular pressure measured ** mmHg. Postoperative instructions were provided and the patient had no further questions." }

[ { "label": " Ophthalmology", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 1481 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Subcapital left hip fracture.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Subcapital left hip fracture.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: , Austin-Moore bipolar hemiarthroplasty, left hip.,ANESTHESIA: ,Spinal.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: ,Less than 100 cc.,HISTORY: ,The patient is an 86-year-old female who was seen and evaluated in ABCD General Hospital Emergency Department on 08/30/03 after sustaining a fall at her friend's house. The patient states that she was knocked over by her friend's dog. She sustained a subcapital left hip fracture. Prior to admission, she lived alone in Terrano, was ambulating with a walker. All risks, benefits, and potential complications of the procedure were then discussed with the patient and informed consent was obtained.,HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS: , A 28 mm medium head was used, a small cemented femoral stem was used, and a 28 x 46 cup was used.,PROCEDURE: ,All risks, benefits, and potential complications of the procedure were discussed with the patient, informed consent was obtained. She was then transferred from the preoperative care unit to operating suite #1. Department of Anesthesia administered spinal anesthetic without complications.,After this, the patient was transferred to the operating table and positioned. All bony prominences were well padded. She was positioned on a beanbag in the right lateral decubitus position with the left hip facing upwards. The left lower extremity was then sterilely prepped and draped in the normal fashion. A skin maker was then used to mark all bony prominences. Skin incision was then carried out extending from the greater trochanter in a curvilinear fashion posteriorly across the buttocks. A #10 blade Bard-Parker scalpel was used to incise the skin through to the subcutaneous tissues. A second #10 blade was then used to incise through the subcutaneous tissue down to the fascia lata. This was then incised utilizing Metzenbaum scissors. This was taken down to the bursa, which was removed utilizing a rongeur. Utilizing a periosteal elevator as well as the sponge, the fat was then freed from the short external rotators of the left hip after these were placed and stretched. The sciatic nerve was then visualized and retracted utilizing a Richardson retractor. Bovie was used to remove the short external rotators from the greater trochanter, which revealed the joint capsule. The capsule was cleared and incised utilizing a T-shape incision. A fracture hematoma was noted upon entering the joint capsule as well as subcapital hip fracture. A cork screw was then used to remove the fractured femoral head, which was given to the scrub tech which was sized on the back table. All bony remnants were then removed from the acetabulum and surrounding soft tissue with a rongeur. Acetabulum was then inspected and found to be clear. Attention was then turned to the proximal femur where a cutting tunnel was used to mark the femur for the femoral neck cut. An oscillating saw was then used to make the femoral cut. Box osteotome was then used to remove the bone from proximal femur. A Charnley awl was then used to open the femoral canal, paying close attention to keep the awl in the lateral position. Next, attention was turned to broaching. Initially, a small broach was placed, first making efforts to lateralize the broach then the femoral canal. It was felt that the patient has less benefit from a cemented prosthesis and a small size was appropriate. Next, the trial components were inserted consisting of the above-mentioned component sizes. The hip was taken through range of motion and tested to adduction, internal and external rotations as well as with a shuck and a posterior directed force on a flexed tip. It was noted that these size were stable through the range of motion. Next, the trial components were removed and the femoral canal was copiously irrigated and suctioned dried utilizing Super sucker and __________ then inserted pressuring the femoral canal. The femoral component was then inserted and then held under pressure. Extruding cement was removed from the proximal femur. After the cement had fully hardened and dried, the head and cup were applied. The hip was subsequently reduced and taken again through range of motion, which was felt to be stable.,Next, the capsule was closed utilizing #1 Ethibond in figure-of-eight fashion. Next, the fascia lata was repaired utilizing a figure-of-eight Ethibond sutures. The most proximal region at the musculotendinous junction was repaired utilizing a running #1 Vicryl suture. The wound was then copiously irrigated again to suction dry. Next, the subcutaneous tissues were reapproximated using #2-0 Vicryl simple interrupted sutures. The skin was then reapproximated utilizing skin clips. Sterile dressing was applied consisting of Adaptic, 4x4s, ABDs as well as foam tape. The patient was then transferred from the operating table to the gurney. Leg lengths were checked, which were noted to be equal and abduction pillow was placed. The patient was then transferred to the Postoperative Care Unit in stable condition." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 5158 }

{ "text": "HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is a 57-year-old female being seen today for evaluation of pain and symptoms related to a recurrent bunion deformity in bilateral feet, right greater than left. The patient states she is having increasing symptoms of pain and discomfort associated with recurrence of bunion deformity on the right foot and pain localized to the second toe and MTP joint of the right foot as well. The patient had prior surgery performed approximately 13 years ago. She states that since the time of the original surgery the deformity has slowly recurred, and she has noticed progressive deformity in the lesser toes at the second and third toes of the left foot and involving the second toe of the right foot. The patient is employed on her feet as a hospital employee and states that she does wear a functional orthotic which does provide some relief of forefoot pain although not complete.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY, FAMILY HISTORY, SOCIAL HISTORY & REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, See Patient History sheet, which was reviewed with the patient and is signed in the chart. Past medical history on the patient, past surgical history, current medications, drug-related allergies and social history have all been updated and reviewed, and enclosed in the chart.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , Physical exam reveals a pleasant, 57-year-old female who is 5 feet 4 inches and 150 pounds. She has palpable pulses. Neurologic sensation is intact. Examination of the extremities shows the patient as having well-healed surgical sites from her arthroplasty, second digits bilaterally and prior bunionectomy. There is a recurrence of bunion deformity noted on both great toes although the patient notes to have reasonably good range of movement. She has particular pain in the second MTP joint of the right foot and demonstrates a mild claw-toe deformity of the second and third toes to the left foot, and to a lesser degree the second toe to the right. Gait analysis: The patient stands and walks with a rather severe pes planus and has generalized hypermobility noted in the feet.,X-RAY INTERPRETATION:, X-rays taken today; three views to the right foot shows presence of internal K-wire and wire from prior bunionectomy. Biomechanical analysis shows 15 degree intermetatarsal angle and approximately 45 degree hallux abducto valgus angle. No evidence of arthrosis in the joint is noted. Significant shift to the fibular sesamoid is present.,ASSESSMENT:,1. Recurrent bunion deformity, right forefoot.,2. Pes planovalgus deformity, bilateral feet.,PLAN/TREATMENT:,1. Today, we did review remaining treatment options with the patient including the feasibility of conservative versus surgical treatment. The patient would require an open wedge osteotomy to reduce the intermetatarsal angle with the lateral release and a decompression osteotomy at the second metatarsal. Anticipated length of healing was noted for the patient as were potential risks and complications. The patient ultimately would probably require surgery on her left foot at a later date as well.,2. The patient will explore her ability to get out of work for the above-mentioned period of time and will be in touch with regards regarding scheduling at a later date.,3. All questions were answered." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3284 }

{ "text": "SINGLE CHAMBER PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION,PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Mobitz type II block with AV dissociation and syncope.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Mobitz type II block, status post single chamber pacemaker implantation, Boston Scientific Altrua 60, serial number 123456.,PROCEDURES:,1. Left subclavian access under fluoroscopic guidance.,2. Left subclavian venogram under fluoroscopic evaluation.,3. Insertion of ventricular lead through left subclavian approach and ventricular lead is Boston Scientific Dextrose model 12345, serial number 123456.,4. Insertion of single-chamber pacemaker implantation, Altrua, serial number 123456.,5. Closure of the pocket after formation of pocket for pacemaker.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: ,The procedure was explained to the patient with risks and benefits. The patient agreed and signed the consent form. The patient was brought to the cath lab, draped and prepped in the usual sterile fashion, received 1.5 mg of versed and 25 mg of Benadryl for conscious sedation.,Access to the right subclavian was successful after the second attempt. The first attempt accessed the left subclavian artery. The needle was removed and manual compression applied for five minutes followed by re-accessing the subclavian vein successfully. The J-wire was introduced into the left subclavian vein.,The anterior wall chest was anesthetized with lidocaine 2%, 2-inch incision using a #10 blade was used.,The pocket was formed using blunt dissection as he was using the Bovie cautery for hemostasis. The patient went asystole during the procedure. The transcutaneous pacer was used. The patient was oxygenating well. The patient had several compression applied by the nurse. However, her own rhythm resolved spontaneously and the percutaneous pacer was kept on standby.,After that, the J-wire was tunneled into the pocket and then used to put the #7-French sheath into the left subclavian vein. The lead from the Boston Scientific Dextrose model 12345, serial number 12345 was inserted through the left subclavian to the right atrium; however, it was difficult to really enter the right ventricle; and while the lead was in place, the side port of the sheath was used to inject 15 mL of contrast to assess the subclavian and the right atrium. The findings were showing different anatomy, may be consistent with persistent left superior vena cava, and the angle to the right ventricle was different. At that point, the lead stylet was reshaped and was able to cross the tricuspid valve in a position consistent with the mid septal place.,At that point, the lead was actively fixated. The stylet was removed. The R-wave measured at 40 millivolts. The impedance was 580 and the threshold was 1.3 volt. The numbers were accepted and because of the patient's fragility and the different anatomy noticed in the right atrium, concern about putting a second lead with re-access of the subclavian was high. I decided to proceed with a single-chamber pacemaker as a backup system.,After that, the lead sleeve was used to actively fixate the lead in the anterior chest with two Ethibond sutures in the usual fashion.,The lead was attached to the pacemaker in the header. The pacemaker was single-chamber pacemaker Altura 60, serial number 123456. After that, the pacemaker was put in the pocket. Pocket was irrigated with normal saline and was closed into two layers, deep interrupted #3-0 Vicryl and surface as continuous #4-0 Vicryl continuous.,The pacemaker was programmed as VVI 60, and with history is 10 to 50 beats per minute. The lead position will be evaluated with chest x-ray.,No significant bleeding noticed.,CONCLUSION: ,Successful single-chamber pacemaker implantation with left subclavian approach and venogram to assess the subclavian access site and the right atrial or right ventricle with asystole that resolved spontaneously during the procedure. No significant bleed." }

[ { "label": " Cardiovascular / Pulmonary", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3919 }

{ "text": "PROCEDURE: ,Caudal epidural steroid injection without fluoroscopy.,ANESTHESIA:, Local sedation.,VITAL SIGNS: , See nurse's records.,PROCEDURE DETAILS: , INT was placed. The patient was in the prone position. The back was prepped with Betadine. Lidocaine 1.5% was used to make a skin wheal over the sacral hiatus. A 18-gauge Tuohy needle was then placed into the epidural space. There were no complications from this (no blood or CSF). After negative aspiration was performed, a mixture of 10 cc preservative free normal saline plus 160 mg preservative free Depo-Medrol was injected. Neosporin and band-aid were applied over the puncture site. The patient was then placed in supine position. The patient was discharged to outpatient recovery in stable condition." }

[ { "label": " Pain Management", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 772 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Hemangioma, nasal tip.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Hemangioma, nasal tip.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: ,1. Debulking of hemangioma of the nasal tip through an open rhinoplasty approach.,2. Rhinoplasty.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: ,Minimal.,FINDINGS: , Large hemangioma involving the midline of the columella separated the lower lateral cartilages at a level of the columella and the nasal domes.,CONDITION: ,Condition of the patient at end of the procedure stable, transferred to recovery room.,INDICATIONS FOR THE PROCEDURE: , The patient is a 2-year-old female with a history of a nasal tip hemangioma. The hemangioma has involved at her upper tongue. There has not been any change in the last 6 months. We have discussed with the parents the situation and decided to proceed with the debulking of the nasal tip hemangioma. They understand the nature of the incision, the nature of the surgery, and the possibility of future revision surgeries. They understand the risk of bleeding, infection, dehiscence, scarring, need for future revision surgery, and minor asymmetry. They wished to proceed with surgery.,Because of the procedure, informed consent is obtained. The patient is taken to operating room and placed in the supine position. General anesthetic is administrated to an oroendotracheal tube. The face is prepped and draped in the usual manner. The incision is designed to the lower aspect of the hemangioma, which corresponds to the columella and upper lip junction and then the remaining of the incision is designed as an open rhinoplasty with bilateral rim incisions. The area is infiltrated with lidocaine with epinephrine. We waited 7 minutes for the hemostatic effect and proceeded with the incision. The incision was then done with a 15 C blade starting at the columella and then going laterally to the level of the rim and the double hook is placed at the level of the dome and the intracartilage incision is done through the mucosa, then extended laterally and upward to follow the lower lateral cartilage. This is done in both sides. Further incision is done. A small tenotomy scissors is used and with the help of retraction of the lower lateral cartilage, the hemangioma is separated gently from the lower lateral cartilage on both sides and I proceeded to leave that the central part of the incision lifting up the entire columella to the level of the nasal tip. The hemangioma is removed and is found to be involving the medial aspects of both medial crura. This gently separated from the medial crura and from the soft tissue care is taken not to remove the entire hemangioma from the skin as the nose not to devascularize the distal columella portion. Hemostasis is achieved with electrocautery. Then, we proceed to place some interdomal stitches with the help of a 6-0 clear nylon and intercrural stitches are placed and then an interdomal stitch, a single one was placed. The skin is redraped and the nose found to have satisfactory shape. The columellar piece was tailored on the lateral aspect corresponding to rim incisions to match the newly created width of the columella. Portions of skin and hemangioma are taken laterally on both sides of the columella distally. The skin was closed with 6-0 mild chromic stitches, including the portion at the level of the columella and rim incisions medially. The remaining of the internal incisions are closed with 5-0 chromic interrupted stitches. The nose is irrigated and suctioned. The patient tolerated the procedure without complications. I was present and participated in all aspects of the procedure. Sponge and instrument count were complete at the end of the procedure." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 3697 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right trigger thumb.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Right trigger thumb.,SURGERY: , Release of A1 pulley, CPT code 26055.,ANESTHESIA:, General LMA.,TOURNIQUET TIME: ,9 minutes at 200 torr.,FINDINGS:, The patient was found to have limitations to extension at the IP joint to the right thumb. He was found to have full extension after release of A1 pulley.,INDICATIONS:, The patient is 2-1/2-year-old. He has a history of a trigger thumb. This was evaluated in the office. He was indicated for release of A1 pulley to allow for full excursion. Risks and benefits including recurrence, infection, and problems with anesthesia were discussed at length with the family. They wanted to proceed.,PROCEDURE:, The patient was brought into the operating room and placed on the operating table in supine position. General anesthesia was induced without incident. He was given a weight-adjusted dose of antibiotics. The right upper extremity was then prepped and draped in a standard fashion. Limb was exsanguinated with an Esmarch bandage. Tourniquet was raised to 200 torr. Transverse incision was then made at the base of thumb. The underlying soft tissues were carefully spread in line longitudinally. The underlying tendon was then identified. The accompanied A1 pulley was also identified. This was incised longitudinally using #11 blade. Inspection of the entire tendon then demonstrated good motion both in flexion and extension. The leaflets of the pulley were easily identified.,The wound was then irrigated and closed. The skin was closed using interrupted #4-0 Monocryl simple sutures. The area was injected with 5 mL of 0.25% Marcaine. The wound was dressed with Xeroform, dry sterile dressings, hand dressing, Kerlix, and Coban. The patient was awakened from anesthesia and taken to the recovery room in good condition. There were no complications. All instrument, sponge, needle counts were correct at the end of case.,PLAN: , The patient will be discharged home. He will return in 1-1/2 weeks for wound inspection." }

[ { "label": " Orthopedic", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2070 }

{ "text": "PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. Fullness in right base of the tongue.,2. Chronic right ear otalgia.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Pending pathology.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: , Microsuspension direct laryngoscopy with biopsy.,ANESTHESIA: , General.,INDICATION:, This is a 50-year-old female who presents to the office with a chief complaint of ear pain on the right side. Exact etiology of her ear pain had not been identified. A fiberoptic examination had been performed in the office. Upon examination, she was noted to have fullness in the right base of her tongue. She was counseled on the risks, benefits, and alternatives to surgery and consented to such.,PROCEDURE: , After informed consent was obtained, the patient was brought to the Operative Suite where she was placed in supine position. General endotracheal tube intubation was delivered by the Department of Anesthesia. The patient was rotated 90 degrees away where a shoulder roll was placed. A tooth guard was then placed to protect the upper dentition. The Dedo laryngoscope was then inserted into the oral cavity. It was advanced on the right lateral pharyngeal wall until the epiglottis was brought into view. At this point, it was advanced underneath the epiglottis until the vocal cords were seen. At this point, it was suspended via the Lewy suspension arm from the Mayo stand. At this point, the Zeiss microscope with a 400 mm lens was brought into the surgical field. Inspection of the vocal cords underneath the microscope revealed them to be white and glistening without any mucosal abnormalities. It should be mentioned that the right vocal cord did appear to be slightly more hyperemic, however, there were no mucosal abnormalities identified. This was confirmed with a laryngeal probe as well as use of mirror evaluated in the subglottic portion as well as the ventricle. At this point, the scope was desuspended and the microscope was removed. The scope was withdrawn through the vallecular region. Inspection of the vallecula revealed a fullness on the right side with a papillomatous type growth that appeared very friable. Biopsies were obtained with straight-biting cup forceps. Once hemostasis was achieved, the scope was advanced into the piriform sinuses. Again in the right piriform sinus, there was noted to be studding along the right lateral wall of the piriform sinus. Again, biopsies were performed and once hemostasis was achieved, the scope was further withdrawn down the lateral pharyngeal wall. There were no mucosal abnormalities identified within the oropharynx. The scope was then completely removed and a bimanual examination was performed. No neck masses were identified. At this point, the procedure was complete. The mouth guard was removed and the patient was returned to Anesthesia for awakening and taken to the recovery room without incident." }

[ { "label": " Surgery", "score": 1 } ]

{ "text_length": 2867 }