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The dataset generation failed because of a cast error
Error code: DatasetGenerationCastError
Exception: DatasetGenerationCastError
Message: An error occurred while generating the dataset
All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 3 new columns ({'entity_tag', 'matched_entity', 'entity_text'}) and 4 missing columns ({'Free_form_answer', 'Sources', 'Nice_to_have', 'Must_have'}).
This happened while the json dataset builder was generating data using
hf://datasets/Itaykhealth/K-QA/questions.jsonl (at revision 99f624dfd51778a95af84bd67f14177255aec615)
Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2011, in _prepare_split_single
writer.write_table(table)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 585, in write_table
pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self._schema)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2302, in table_cast
return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2256, in cast_table_to_schema
raise CastError(
datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
Question: string
ICD_10_diag: string
entity_text: list<item: string>
child 0, item: string
matched_entity: string
entity_tag: list<item: string>
child 0, item: string
to
{'Question': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'Free_form_answer': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'Must_have': Sequence(feature=Value(dtype='string', id=None), length=-1, id=None), 'Nice_to_have': Sequence(feature=Value(dtype='string', id=None), length=-1, id=None), 'Sources': Value(dtype='string', id=None), 'ICD_10_diag': Value(dtype='string', id=None)}
because column names don't match
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1577, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1191, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1027, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1122, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1882, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2013, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationCastError.from_cast_error(
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationCastError: An error occurred while generating the dataset
All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 3 new columns ({'entity_tag', 'matched_entity', 'entity_text'}) and 4 missing columns ({'Free_form_answer', 'Sources', 'Nice_to_have', 'Must_have'}).
This happened while the json dataset builder was generating data using
hf://datasets/Itaykhealth/K-QA/questions.jsonl (at revision 99f624dfd51778a95af84bd67f14177255aec615)
Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
Question
string | Free_form_answer
string | Must_have
sequence | Nice_to_have
sequence | Sources
string | ICD_10_diag
string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alright so I dont know much about Lexapro would you tell me more about it? | Escitalopram, sold under the brand names Lexapro and Cipralex, is an antidepressant of the SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) class. It is a medication for major depressive disorder and several types of anxiety disorders. It is considered an effective and well-tolerated antidepressant. The benefits of Lexapro for treating depression occur within a few weeks, but it can take about 1 to 2 months before you feel its full effects.
Like other SSRIs, side effects include headache, nausea, sleepiness, ejaculation disorder, and insomnia. The FDA had published a black box warning for Escitalopram and other antidepressants, alerting for an increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults. Therefore, Lexapro is not approved for use in pediatric patients less than 12 years of age. | [
"Escitalopram is an antidepressant of the SSRI (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) class",
"Escitalopram is sold under the brand names Lexapro and Cipralex",
"Side effects of Escitalopram include GI symptoms such as nausea, diarrhoea, constipation",
"Side effects of Escitalopram include headache",
"Side effects of Escitalopram include ejaculation disorder",
"The benefits of Lexapro for treating depression occurs within a few weeks",
"Side effects of Escitalopram include sleepiness",
"Side effects of Escitalopram include insomnia",
"The FDA had published a black box warning regarding Escitalopram, alerting for an increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children",
"The FDA had published a black box warning for Escitalopram, alerting for an increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in adolescents and young adults",
" Lexapro is not approved for use in pediatric patients less than 12 years of age."
] | [
"Escitalopram is a medication for major depressive disorder",
"Escitalopram is a medication for several types of anxiety disorders",
"Escitalopram is considered an effective and well-tolerated antidepressant"
] | https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/difference-between-lexapro-zoloft-3507675/ | Other specified depressive episodes |
Also what is the oral option to get rid of scabies? | The oral treatment for scabies is Ivermectin (Stromectol). Ivermectin is a prescription drug. Its safety in pregnant or nursing individuals has not been established yet. A topical treatment for scabies is Permethrin cream (Elimite). It is the preferred treatment for children who weigh less than 15 kg and for pregnant or nursing individuals. Your doctor may also recommend treating close contacts and household members. After treatment, it is also advised to machine wash all clothes, linens, etc., with high hea, before using them again. | [
"Ivermectin (Stromectol) is the oral treatment for scabies",
"Permethrin cream (Elimite) is a topical treatment for scabies",
"Permethrin cream (Elimite) is the preferred treatment for scabies in children who weight less than 15 kg and for pregnant or nursing individuals",
" Safety of Ivermectin in pregnant or nursing individuals has not been established yet.",
"Ivermectin (Stromectol) is not safe for children under 15kg"
] | [
"After scabies treatment, it is advised to machine wash all clothes, linens, etc. with high heat before using them again",
"Ivermectin is a prescription drug for scabies",
"Close contacts and household members may also need to be treated for scabies",
"Ivermectin dosage is weight dependent"
] | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scabies/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377383
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/scabies-management?search=sulfur%20cream&source=search_result&selectedTitle=4~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=4#H3053413688
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ivermectin-systemic-drug-information?search=sulfur%20cream&topicRef=8641&source=see_link#F56741195
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/permethrin-drug-information?search=sulfur%20cream&topicRef=114369&source=see_link | null |
Am I contagious with respiratory infection? | Most respiratory tract infections are contagious and can be spread through sneezing and coughing. Respiratory infections are commonly caused by viruses, but can also be caused by bacteria and fungi. Protective measures such as wearing a mask, washing hands, sneezing and coughing into your elbow or a tissue, and vaccinating against respiratory infections can reduce the transmission rate of respiratory infections. | [
"Most respiratory tract infections are contagious."
] | [
"Respiratory tract infections can be spread through sneezing and coughing.",
"Respiratory infections can be caused by fungi.",
"Respiratory infections are commonly caused by viruses.",
"Washing hands can reduce the transmission rate of respiratory infections.",
"Sneezing and coughing into your elbow or a tissue can reduce the transmission rate of respiratory infections.",
"Wearing a mask can reduce the transmission rate of respiratory infections.",
"Vaccinating against respiratory infections can reduce the transmission rate of such infections.",
"Respiratory infections can be caused by bacteria."
] | https://www.fastmed.com/health-resources/are-respiratory-infections-contagious/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/4022-upper-respiratory-infection#:~:text=Yes%2C%20upper%20respiratory%20infections%20are,covering%20their%20nose%20and%20mouth.
https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/respiratory-tract-infection-is-it-contagious-the-family-healthguide | Unspecified acute conjunctivitis, unspecified eye |
And how does Genital herpes and HPV differ? | HPV infections and genital herpes are sexually transmitted infections that are caused by different viruses and have distinct clinical presentations.
Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Both strains of herpes simplex virus, HSV-1 and HSV-2, can cause genital and oral herpes lesions. Genital herpes can manifest with fluid-filled blisters on or around the genitals that burst and develop into sores that typically resolve within 1-2 weeks. During the first infection, Swollen lymph nodes and flu-like symptoms may also be experienced.. Outbreaks of genital lesions can reoccur, as the virus never leaves the body after initial infection.
Most infected individuals are asymptomatic or only experience mild symptoms. HSV is spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and contact with the skin, saliva, or sores of a person who has the infection. Oral antiviral therapy can be used to treat patients with recurrent genital lesions to reduce the severity of symptoms and lower the risk of transmission to an uninfected sexual partner.
A HPV infection is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). There are many different strains of HPV. Low-risk strains can cause warts on the skin or genitals, whereas high-risk strains of HPV are associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer, such as cervical, throat, mouth, anus and genital cancer. HPV is spread by vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and close skin-to-skin contact with someone who has the infection. Most people with HPV are unaware they have the infection as they never develop symptoms and the body's immune system is able to clear the virus.
There is no vaccine for herpes yet, but a HPV vaccine is available. | [
"Genital herpes and HPV are sexually transmitted infections caused by different viruses.",
"A HPV infection is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).",
"Genital herpes can manifest with fluid-filled blisters on or around the genitals that burst and develop into sores that typically resolve within 1-2 weeks.",
"Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).",
"Low-risk strains of HPV can cause warts on the skin or genitals.",
"High-risk strains of HPV are associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer, such as cervical, throat, mouth, anus and genital cancer."
] | [
"There are many different strains of HPV.",
"There is no vaccine yet for HSV-1.",
"There is no vaccine yet for HSV-2.",
"Oral antiviral therapy can be used to treat patients with recurrent genital lesions to reduce the severity of symptoms and lower the risk of transmission to an uninfected sexual partner.",
"Outbreaks of genital lesions can reoccur, as the herpes simplex virus never leaves the body after initial infection.",
"HSV is spread through vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and contact with the skin, saliva or sores of a person who has the infection.",
"Swollen lymph nodes and flu-like symptoms may also be experienced with genital herpes.",
"Most people with HPV are unaware they have the infection as they never develop symptoms and the body's immune system is able to clear the virus.",
"Both strains of herpes simplex virus, HSV-1 and HSV-2, can cause genital and oral lesions.",
"HPV is spread by vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and close skin-to-skin contact with someone who has the infection.",
"Most individuals infected with herpes simplex virus are asymptomatic or only experience mild symptoms."
] | https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm
https://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/stdfact-herpes-detailed.htm
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/cervical-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/cervical-cancer-screening-guidelines.html
https://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/stdfact-herpes.htm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448132/
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancer
https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/human-papillomavirus-hpv-infection?query=hpv#v1023807
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-genital-herpes-simplex-virus-infection | Anogenital herpesviral infection, unspecified |
And is there any way I can get some medicine for a cold sore and a mouth ulcer that is killing me | Yes, oral antiviral medications such as valacyclovir (Valtrex), can be prescribed to shorten the healing time of cold sores by 1-2 days. However, they are most effective when taken within 48-72 hours of the onset of symptoms.
For pain relief, over-the-counter (OTC) topical pain relievers that contain benzocaine (Orajel) can be applied directly to the sores. Oral OTC painkillers, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil), can also ease discomfort. | [
"Oral OTC painkillers, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil), can also ease discomfort from cold sores and mouth ulcers.",
"Oral antiviral medications, such as valacyclovir (Valtrex), can be prescribed to shorten the healing time of cold sores by 1-2 days.",
"Oral antiviral medications are most effective when taken within 48-72 hours of the onset of symptoms.",
"Over-the-counter (OTC) topical pain relievers that contain benzocaine (Orajel) can be applied directly to the sores for pain relief."
] | [] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-and-prevention-of-herpes-simplex-virus-type-1-in-immunocompetent-adolescents-and-adults
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cold-sore/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371023#:~:text=Take%20nonprescription%20pain%20medicine%20if,may%20offer%20some%20pain%20relief.
https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/herpesviruses/herpes-simplex-virus-hsv-infections?query=cold%20sore#v1019728
https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-cold-sores-treatment#:~:text=If%20your%20cold%20sore%20is,%2C%20and%20valacyclovir%20(Valtrex).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525789/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21136-cold-sores | Herpesviral infection, unspecified |
And what could be causing the white tongue? | A white tongue is usually caused by a buildup of bacteria and dead cells on the surface of the tongue. It is usually harmless and temporary, but it might also be a sign of an underlying health problem or a medication side effect.
Common causes of a white tongue include dry mouth, dehydration, poor oral hygiene, breathing through your mouth, smoking, alcohol use, and wearing dentures or braces.
Other medical conditions that can cause a white tongue are inflammation-driven lesions such as leukoplakia, and geographic tongue, an immune-mediated conditions causing white lesions such as lichen planus, and infections such as Syphilis and oral candidiasis.
Medications such as antibiotics and steroids might also cause a white tongue as a side effect.
A rare cause of white tongue is cancer.
Seek medical attention if:
- The white tongue persists for more than 2 weeks
- Your tongue hurts or itches
- You have trouble eating or speaking | [
"Immune-mediated conditions causing white lesions such as lichen planus can cause a white tongue.",
"Infections including Syphilis and oral candidiasis can cause a white tongue.",
"Using steroids might cause the side effect of white tongue.",
"A white tongue is usually caused by a buildup of bacteria and dead cells on the surface of the tongue."
] | [
"Using antibiotics might cause a white tongue as a side effect.",
"Alcohol use can cause a white tongue.",
"Poor oral hygiene can cause a white tongue.",
"Seek medical attention if the white tongue persists for more than 2 weeks.",
"Smoking can cause a white tongue.",
"Tongue cancer can cause a white tongue.",
"Seek medical attention if your tongue hurts or itches.",
"Wearing dentures or braces can cause a white tongue.",
"Inflammation-driven lesions such as leukoplakia and geographic tongue can cause a white tongue.",
"Breathing through your mouth can cause a white tongue.",
"Dehydration can cause a white tongue.",
"A white tongue might be a sign of an underlying health problem.",
"Dry mouth can cause a white tongue.",
"A white tongue might be a side effect of medication.",
"Seek medical attention if you have trouble eating or speaking."
] | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17654-white-tongue
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319814#causes
https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/white-tongue/basics/causes/sym-20050676#:~:text=White%20tongue%20is%20the%20result,enlarged%20and%20sometimes%20inflamed%20papillae. | null |
And what happens if I miss a dose of Saxenda? | Liraglutide (Saxenda) is a prescription drug that is used for weight loss and to help keep weight off once weight has been lost. It is used for obese adults or overweight adults who have weight-related medical problems.
If you miss your dose of Saxenda, take a dose as soon as you remember on the same day. Then take your next daily dose as usual on the following day. Do not take an extra dose of Saxenda or increase your dose to make up for a missed dose. If you miss your dose of Saxenda for 3 days or more, contact your healthcare provider to consult about how to restart your treatment. | [
"If a dose of Saxenda is missed for 3 days or more, a healthcare provider should be contacted to consult about restarting the treatment.",
"The dose of Saxenda should not be increased to make up for a missed dose.",
"An extra dose of Saxenda should not be taken to make up for a missed dose.",
"The next daily dose of Saxenda should be taken as usual on the following day after a missed dose.",
"If a dose of Saxenda is missed, take a dose as soon as remembered on the same day."
] | [
"Liraglutide (Saxenda) is a prescription drug used for weight loss and to maintain weight loss in obese or overweight adults with weight-related medical problems."
] | https://www.drugs.com/saxenda.html
https://www.saxenda.com/about-saxenda/dosing-schedule.html | null |
Any thoughts on a mild muscle relaxant? | Muscle relaxants are medications used for the treatment of muscle pain, spasm, and spasticity.
Antispasmodic muscle relaxants are prescribed for the short-term relief of musculoskeletal pain, such as acute low back pain and neck pain. Antispasmodics are only recommended if initial therapy with over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) fails, because they can have a sedating effect that can limit the ability to work or drive.
Antispasmodic muscle relaxants must be used with caution in older adults, as the risk of adverse effects increases with age.
Antispastic muscle relaxants, like baclofen (Gablofen, Lioresal), are generally prescribed to treat conditions caused by damage to the nerve pathways within the brain or spinal cord, such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and spinal cord injury. | [
"Antispasmodic muscle relaxants must be used with caution in older adults, as the risk of adverse effects increases with age.",
"Antispasmodic muscle relaxants are only recommended if initial therapy with over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) fails.",
"Antispasmodic muscle relaxants are prescribed for the short-term relief of musculoskeletal pain, such as acute low back pain and neck pain.",
"Antispasmodic muscle relaxants can have a sedating effect that can limit the ability to work or drive."
] | [
"Antispastic muscle relaxants, like baclofen (Gablofen, Lioresal), are generally prescribed to treat conditions caused by damage to the nerve pathways within the brain or spinal cord.",
"Antispastic muscle relaxants are used to treat conditions such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and spinal cord injury.",
"Muscle relaxants are medications used for the treatment of muscle pain, spasm, and spasticity."
] | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24686-muscle-relaxers
https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/full/10.7326/M16-2367
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-acute-low-back-pain
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4103716/
https://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/treatments/pharmacological/non-opioids/review-skeletal-muscle-relaxants-pain-management | null |
Any thoughts on taking activated charcoal to help w stomach bug? | Activated charcoal (Actidose-Aqua, Charcocaps) is a processed form of common charcoal that contains pores that can trap chemicals and prevent bodily absorption. Activated charcoal can be used to treat certain types of chemical poisonings.
There is no evidence for efficacy of using activated charcoal in cases of gastroenteritis (also known as "stomach bug").
Furthermore, activated charcoal can interfere with the absorption of other drugs. Possible adverse effects of activated charcoal such as vomiting, constipation, and electrolyte abnormalities can exacerbate the condition of a patient suffering from gastroenteritis and therefore should be avoided.
| [
"Activated charcoal might exacerbate the condition of a patient suffering from gastroenteritis and therefore it should be avoided.",
"There is no evidence for efficacy of using activated charcoal in cases of gastroenteritis (also known as 'stomach bug')."
] | [
"Activated charcoal can interfere with the absorption of other drugs.",
"Possible adverse effects of activated charcoal include vomiting, constipation, and electrolyte abnormalities.",
"Activated charcoal can be used to treat certain types of chemical poisonings.",
"Activated charcoal (Actidose-Aqua, Charcocaps) is a processed form of common charcoal that contains pores that can trap chemicals and prevent bodily absorption."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/activated-charcoal-drug-information?search=activated%20charcoal&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~148&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F149186
https://www.drugs.com/mtm/activated-charcoal.html#uses
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/269.html#OtherNames | Infectious gastroenteritis and colitis, unspecified |
Anything I can do for the congestion? | Yes, there are several medicines and home treatments that can help relieve congestion.
Nasal corticosteroid sprays reduce inflammation and swelling in the nose. Some are available over-the-counter and they are recommended for the treatment of persistent nasal allergy symptoms.
Nasal antihistamine sprays may also help relieve congestion.
Nasal decongestant sprays can be beneficial for reducing the swelling of the blood vessels and tissues within the nasal passages. However, they should not be used for more than 2-3 days at a time. Frequent or prolonged use can cause "rebound congestion" when the decongestant is stopped, which can lead to a cycle of dependency on decongestant sprays. Their short-term use means they are better for treating nasal congestion caused by a cold rather than allergies.
Nasal irrigation or saline sprays can rinse out mucus and allergens from the nasal passages. Elevation of the head at night may help as congestion is sometimes worse when lying down.
Oral decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed), are also available. If you are taking other medications or if you suffer from high blood pressure, glaucoma, thyroid conditions, heart disease, kidney disease, or urinary problems, consult with a healthcare provider before taking oral decongestants. | [
"Nasal corticosteroid sprays can help relieve congestion",
"Nasal irrigation or saline sprays can also help relieve congestion.",
"Nasal decongestant sprays can also help relieve congestion.",
"Nasal decongestant sprays should not be used for more than 2-3 days at a time to avoid 'rebound congestion'.",
"Elevation of the head at night may help relieve congestion as it is sometimes worse when lying down.",
"Nasal antihistamine sprays can also help relieve congestion.",
"Consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended before taking oral decongestants if you are taking other medications or suffer from high blood pressure, glaucoma, thyroid conditions, heart disease, kidney disease, or urinary problems.",
"Oral decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed), can also help relieve congestion."
] | [
"Nasal decongestant sprays can be beneficial for reducing the swelling of the blood vessels and tissues within the nasal passages.",
"Nasal corticosteroid sprays can help relieve congestion by reducing inflammation and swelling in the nose.",
"Nasal irrigation or saline sprays can rinse out mucus and allergens from the nasal passages",
"Nasal decongestant sprays are better for treating nasal congestion caused by a cold rather than allergies due to their short-term use."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacotherapy-of-allergic-rhinitis
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-common-cold-in-adults-treatment-and-prevention
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nonallergic-rhinitis-runny-or-stuffy-nose-beyond-the-basics
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17980-nasal-congestion#management-and-treatment
https://www.drugs.com/drug-class/decongestants.html
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/an-overview-of-rhinitis
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17980-nasal-congestion
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/24923-nasal-decongestant
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547701/ | null |
Are lutein and omega 3 good for vision ? | Lutein is a carotenoid compound which is available in green leafy vegetables (kale, broccoli, spinach, lettuce, and peas), along with other foods, such as eggs, pistachios, and corn. Lutein is found in high concentration in the retina, which is the light sensitive area of the eye. Studies have attributed anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and blue light-filtering effects to lutein. The studies suggest that lutein may protect against and reduce the severity of many eye diseases. By reducing damage to the retina, lutein may enhance vision in both normal and diseased eyes.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid found naturally in fish, is also found in the retina. DHA is involved in the process of transforming light to a neurological signal and generating light sensitive pigment. Studies on the effects of DHA (omega 3) found mixed results on improvement of vision, but no studies showed a negative effect. There is no medical recommendation for omega 3 consumption in eye diseases or to improve vision. | [
"Lutein may protect against and reduce severity the of many eye diseases.",
"Lutein reduces damage to the retina, which enhances vision in both normal and diseased eyes.",
"Studies on the effects of DHA (omega 3) found mixed results on improvement of vision.",
" There is no medical recommendation for omega 3 consumption in eye diseases or to improve vision.",
"Lutein is found to have a positive effect on vision."
] | [
"DHA is also found in the retina, and is needed for the process of transforming light to a neurological signal, and for generating light sensitive pigment.",
"Lutein is found in high concentration in the retina, the light sensitive area of the eye.",
"Omega 3 has mixed results regarding positive effects on vision but no negative effects were found.",
"Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, is found naturally in fish.",
"Lutein is a carotenoid compound found in green leafy vegetables, eggs, pistachios, and corn.",
"Studies have reported anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and blue light-filtering effects attributed to lutein concentration."
] | https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/retinitis-pigmentosa-treatment?search=omega%203%20&source=search_result&selectedTitle=13~148&usage_type=default&display_rank=12#H5
https://www-tandfonline-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/doi/pdf/10.1080/10408398.2018.1425978?needAccess=true
https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.meir.idm.oclc.org/28425969/
https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.meir.idm.oclc.org/30231532/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32526861/ | Other vitreous opacities, bilateral |
Are the stomach flu and the flu the same thing? | No. Flu refers to influenza, a respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. The most common symptoms of influenza include fever, nonproductive cough, and myalgia.
Stomach flu refers to viral gastroenteritis, a viral infection of the gastrointestinal tract caused by many different viruses. The most common symptoms of viral gastroenteritis include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain.
| [
"The most common symptoms of influenza include fever, nonproductive cough, and myalgia",
" The most common symptoms of viral gastroenteritis include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain.",
"Flu refers to influenza,a respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses.",
"Stomach flu refers to viral gastroenteritis which is a viral infection of the gastrointestinal tract."
] | [
"Viral gastroenteritis can be caused by many different viruses."
] | https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/keyfacts.htm#:~:text=Flu%20is%20a%20contagious%20respiratory,Flu%20Symptoms
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378847
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12418-stomach-flu
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seasonal-influenza-in-adults-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=influenza&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3#H2809274573 | null |
Are there any side affects from using Robaxin? | Methocarbamol (Robaxin, Robaximol) is a skeletal muscle relaxant, mostly used for muscle spasm or pain.
Side effects of Robaxin may include headache, dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, fever, nausea and vomiting, flushing (redness and warmth), insomnia, and lack of coordination.
Like many other medications, Robaxin can cause an allergic reaction that could manifest with a rash or itching, difficulty breathing, and swelling of face, tongue, or throat.
Stop using the medication and contact your doctor if you have one of these symptoms: light-headedness (as if you are about to pass out), slow heartbeats, seizure, jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes), confusion or memory loss, or skin changes in the area of injection if medication is injected.
| [
"Stop using Robaxin and contact your doctor if you experience light-headedness (as if you are about to pass out).",
"Possible side effect of Robaxin: dizziness.",
"Possible side effect of Robaxin: headache. ",
"Robaxin can cause an allergic reaction that could manifest with swelling of face, tongue, or throat.",
"Possible side effect of Robaxin: flushing (redness and warmth).",
"Stop using Robaxin and contact your doctor if you experience seizure.",
"Methocarbamol (Robaxin, Robaximol) is a skeletal muscle relaxant used for muscle spasm or pain.",
"Possible side effect of Robaxin: fever.",
"Stop using Robaxin and contact your doctor if you experience skin changes in the area of injection (if injected).",
"Possible side effect of Robaxin: nausea and vomiting.",
"Robaxin can cause an allergic reaction that could manifest with a rash or itching.",
"Possible side effect of Robaxin: drowsiness.",
"Possible side effect of Robaxin: blurred vision.",
"Robaxin can cause an allergic reaction that could manifest with difficulty breathing.",
"Stop using Robaxin and contact your doctor if you experience jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes).",
"Stop using Robaxin and contact your doctor if you experience slow heartbeats.",
"Possible side effect of Robaxin: lack of coordination.",
"Possible side effect of Robaxin: insomnia.",
"Stop using Robaxin and contact your doctor if you experience confusion or memory loss."
] | [] | https://www.drugs.com/robaxin.html
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/methocarbamol-drug-information?
search=robaxin&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~16&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F56344087
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-11197/robaxin-oral/details | Lumbago with sciatica, unspecified side |
Are there more than one type of nausea medication? | Yes, there are a variety of medications used to treat nausea from different drug classes. The most appropriate medication depends on the underlying cause of the nausea.
For example, OTC antihistamines, such as meclizine (Antivert), are used to treat nausea caused by motion sickness or inner ear problems. OTC bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) can be taken to relieve nausea due to indigestion. OTC pyridoxine (vitamin B6) can treat pregnancy-related nausea. Serotonin antagonists, such as Ondansetron (Zofran), are prescribed for nausea due to chemotherapy, radiation, and anesthesia. Serotonin antagonists can also treat nausea during pregnancy that is severe or difficult to manage. | [
"Serotonin antagonists, such as Ondansetron (Zofran), are prescribed for nausea due to chemotherapy, radiation, and anesthesia.",
"Serotonin antagonists, such as Ondansetron (Zofran), can also treat nausea during pregnancy that is severe or difficult to manage.",
"The most appropriate nausea medication depends on the underlying cause of the nausea.",
"OTC antihistamines, such as meclizine (Antivert), are used to treat nausea caused by motion sickness or inner ear problems.",
"There are a variety of medications used to treat nausea from different drug classes.",
"OTC pyridoxine (vitamin B6) can treat pregnancy-related nausea.",
"OTC bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) can be taken to relieve nausea due to indigestion."
] | [] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-with-nausea-and-vomiting
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bismuth-subsalicylate-drug-information
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/dronabinol-drug-information
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy-treatment-and-outcome#H570468476 | null |
Are there other medications similar to the buspirone? | Buspirone (Buspar) is a drug prescribed for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or for short term relief of anxiety symptoms. It may also be added to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) to augment depression treatment .
Buspirone is a member of the azapirone class of drugs. These drugs have a different mechanism of action and more tolerable adverse effects compared to other anti-anxiolytic drugs.
As of this time, Buspirone (buspar) is the only drug of this class which is approved by the FDA. Gepirone (Ariza, Variza) is an azapirone which is currently under review by the FDA but still not approved.
Other medications used to treat GAD and anxiety symptoms include drugs from the SSRI family, SNRIs (serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, mirtazapine, and tricyclic antidepressants (TCA). These drugs all work by different mechanisms of action compared to buspirone and have different adverse effect profiles and should be discussed with a licensed physician before starting treatment.
| [
"Buspirone is part of the azapirone class of drugs which have a different mechanism of action than other anti-anxiolytic drugs.",
" Gepirone (Ariza, Variza) is from the same drug class as of Buspirone (Buspar) and is currently under review by the FDA but still not approved. "
] | [
"Buspirone has a more tolerable set of adverse effects compared to other anti-anxiolytic drugs.",
"Buspirone (Buspar) is prescribed for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or for short term relief of anxiety symptoms.",
"Antipsychotics are used to treat GAD and anxiety symptoms.",
"SNRIs (serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) are used to treat GAD and anxiety symptoms.",
"Buspirone (buspar) is the only drug of the azapirone class which is approved by the FDA.",
"Drugs from the SSRI family are used to treat GAD and anxiety symptoms.",
"Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) are used to treat GAD and anxiety symptoms.",
"Mirtazapine is used to treat GAD and anxiety symptoms.",
"Benzodiazepines are used to treat GAD and anxiety symptoms.",
"Buspirone (Buspar) can be added to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to augment depression treatment."
] | https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/buspirone-drug-information#F55642960
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15323591/
https://www.dovepress.com/relative-safety-and-efficacy-of-two-doses-of-tandospirone-citrate-for--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT#ref-cit0019 | Major depressive disorder, single episode, moderate |
Back pain could be because Im starting my cycle in 2 days but I dont know? | There are many possible causes of back pain including inflammatory disorders, infections, pregnancy, trauma, musculoskeletal pain and neuropathic pain.
Back pain associated with your period can start a few days before your period starts and get better after your period is over. This type of back pain is typically muscular and cramping.
Please seek medical attention if:
-The back pain related with the period is new and you have never had it before
-The pain is constant or worsening, or isn't relieved by medications.
-The pain is severe.
| [
"Back pain associated with your period can start a few days before your period starts and get better after your period is over",
" Back pain associated with Menstruation is typically muscular and cramping.",
"Please seek medical attention if the pain is constant or worsening, or isn't relieved by medications.",
"Please seek medical attention if the pain is severe.",
"Please seek medical attention if the back pain related with the period is new and you have never had it before."
] | [
"Possible cause for back pain can be inflammatory disorders.",
"Possible cause for back pain can be trauma.",
"Possible cause for back pain can be neuropathic pain.",
"Possible cause for back pain can be infections.",
"Possible cause for back pain can be pregnancy.",
"Possible cause for back pain can be musculoskeletal pain."
] | https://flo.health/menstrual-cycle/health/period/lower-back-pain-period#:~:text=Back%20pain%20associated%20with%20your,and%20caused%20by%20hormonal%20changes.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/lower-back-pain-period#when-to-see-a-doctor
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-premenstrual-syndrome-and-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder?search=premenstrual%20syndrome&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H694433866 | null |
Because I have a fatty liver, can I safely take Imodium? | Loperamide (Imodium) is used to control and relieve diarrhea, and is available over-the counter or with your doctor's prescription.
As this drug goes through metabolism in the liver, the effect of the drug and the possible side effects may be increased in patients suffering from liver diseases.
For patients with liver disease It is recommended to use Loperamide with caution, and to consult a healthcare provider about possible alternatives and monitoring of side effects.
| [
"For patients with liver disease, it is recommended to use Loperamide (Imodium) with caution.",
"The effect of Loperamide (Imodium) and the possible side effects may be increased in patients suffering from liver diseases.",
"Patients with liver disease should consult their healthcare provider about possible alternatives and monitoring of side effects when using Loperamide (Imodium)."
] | [
"Loperamide (Imodium) is used to control and relieve diarrhea.",
"Loperamide (Imodium) goes through metabolism in the liver.",
"Loperamide (Imodium) is available over-the-counter or with a doctor's prescription."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/loperamide-drug-information?search=imodium&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~121&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F2127373
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/loperamide-oral-route/precautions/drg-20064573?p=1#:~:text=Liver%20disease%E2%80%94Use%20with%20caution,the%20medicine%20from%20the%20body.
https://www.drugs.com/loperamide.html#dosage | Infectious gastroenteritis and colitis, unspecified |
Benadryl makes me super sleepy can I take like Claritin during the day? | Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Loratadine (Claritin) are antihistamines used to treat allergic symptoms of the upper respiratory tract, the eye, and the skin. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is a first generation antihistamine and frequently causes sedation, while loratadine (Claritin) is a second generation antihistamine and is less likely to cause sedation. Second-generation antihistamines also cause fewer cognitive side effects (such as reduced attention span or working memory). Hence, loratadine (Claritin) or other second-generation antihistamines such as cetirizine (Zytrec) or fexofenadine (Allegra allergy) could be a suitable replacement for diphenhydramine (Benadryl) during daytime. | [
"Loratadine (Claritin) could be a suitable replacement for diphenhydramine (Benadryl) during daytime.",
"Loratadine (Claritin) is a second-generation antihistamine and is less likely to cause sedation.",
" Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is a first-generation antihistamine and frequently causes sedation."
] | [
"Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and Loratadine (Claritin) are both antihistamines used to treat allergic symptoms of the upper respiratory tract, the eye, and the skin.",
"Second-generation antihistamines also cause fewer cognitive side effects (such as reduced attention span or working memory).",
"Other second-generation antihistamines such as cetirizine (Zytrec) or fexofenadine (Allegra allergy) could also be suitable replacements for diphenhydramine (Benadryl) during daytime."
] | https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.meir.idm.oclc.org/9361576/
https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/diphenhydramine-systemic-drug-information
https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/loratadine-drug-information?search=loratadine&topicRef=7526&source=see_link | Urticaria, unspecified |
But is testicular pain not a symptom of chlamydia? | Chlamydia can be asymptomatic or present with symptoms in the genitourinary system, anus, throat, or eye.
One clinical presentation of chlamydia which could cause testicular pain is epididymitis. Epididymitis is the inflammation of the epididymis, which is a tube positioned over the testicle and transfers sperm from the testicle to the vas deferens. Acute epididymitis usually presents with pain, tenderness, and palpable swelling in one testicle.
Other causes of testicular pain include epididymitis due to other pathogens, noninfectious epididymitis, testicular trauma, testicular torsion, infection of the fasciitis (soft tissue) involving the scrotum, testicular hernia, mumps infection, or referred pain. In any case – acute testicular pain should not be ignored and should be evaluated by a physician.
| [
"One clinical presentation of chlamydia which could cause testicular pain is epididymitis.",
"Acute testicular pain should not be ignored and should be evaluated by a physician.",
"Chlamydia could present as an infection in the genitourinary system.",
"Other causes of testicular pain could be epididymitis due to other pathogens.",
"Acute epididymitis usually presents with pain,tenderness, and palpable swelling in one testicle."
] | [
"Chlamydia could present as an infection in the throat.",
"Chlamydia could present as an infection in the anus.",
"Epididymitis is the inflammation of the epididymis, which is the tube positioned over the testicle that transfers sperm from the testicle to the vas deferens.",
"Other causes of testicular pain could be testicular hernia.",
"Other causes of testicular pain could be mumps infection.",
"Other causes of testicular pain could be infection of the fasciitis (soft tissue) involving the scrotum.",
"Acute epididymitis could be treated with a course of antibiotic prescribed by a physician.",
"Chlamydia could present as an infection in the eye.",
"Chlamydia could be asymptomatic.",
"Other causes of testicular pain could be referred pain."
] | https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-chlamydia-trachomatis-infections?
https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/acute-scrotal-pain-in-adults?search=testicular%20pain&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~81&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H1816144542search=chlamydia&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H9967428 | Epididymitis |
But what is colchicine | Colchicine (Colcrys, Gloperba, Mitigare, and Myinfla) is an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat many inflammatory conditions including Gout, Pericarditis, Behcet's disease, and Familial Mediterranean Fever. Although its mechanism of action is still being studied, it has been shown to impair multiple proinflammatory processes, such as neutrophil recruitment, and decrease levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
| [
"Colchicine is used to treat Pericarditis.",
"Colchicine is used to treat Gout.",
"Colchicine is used to treat Familial Mediterranean Fever.",
"Colchicine is used to treat Behcet's disease.",
"Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory drug.",
"Colchicine mechanism of action is still being explored.",
"Colchicine impairs multiple proinflammatory processes such as neutrophil recruitment.",
" Colchicine decreases levels of the proinflammatory cytokines"
] | [] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/colchicine-drug-information?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5812812/#:~:text=Colchicine%20impairs%20neutrophil%20function%20by,cells%2C%20thereby%20impairing%20neutrophil%20recruitment. | null |
Can Clindamyam be used to treat a UTI | Clindamycin (Cleocin, Clinacin, Dalacin) is not the standard treatment for a urinary tract infection. This drug should only be considered in those with multiple allergies to the standard treatment.
Antibiotics commonly used to treat urinary tract infections include Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra), Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid, Macrodantin), Ciprofloxacin (Cipro), and Fosfomycin (Monurol).
| [
"Clindamycin (Cleocin, Clinacin, Dalacin) is not the standard treatment for a urinary tract infection.",
"Clindamycin should only be considered in those with multiple allergies to the standard treatment"
] | [
"Antibiotics commonly used to treat urinary tract infections include Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)",
" Antibiotics commonly used to treat urinary tract infections include Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid, Macrodantin)",
" Antibiotics commonly used to treat urinary tract infections include Fosfomycin (Monurol)",
" Antibiotics commonly used to treat urinary tract infections include Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)"
] | https://www.drugs.com/clindamycin.html
https://www.rxlist.com/clindamycin-drug.htm#side_effects
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682399.html#other-uses
https://khealth.com/learn/urinary-tract-infection/how-fast-does-clindamycin-work-for-uti/#:~:text=effects%20of%20clindamycin.-,What%20is%20Clindamycin%20(Cleocin)%3F,to%20more%20standard%20UTI%20treatment. | Periapical abscess without sinus |
Can I take Zyrtec and benedryl at the same time? | Cetirizine (Zyrtec) and diphenhydramine (Benedryl) are both antihistamine medications and taking both together may increase the risk of side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination.
It is possible to overdose on antihistamines.
Antihistamine overdose includes symptoms such as drowsiness, dry mouth and eyes, blurred vision, urinary retention, rapid heartbeat, flushing, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe antihistamine overdose can lead to seizures, hallucinations, delirium, and respiratory or cardiovascular distress.
Seek immediate medical attention in case of suspicion of an antihistamine overdose. | [
"Seek immediate medical attention in case of suspicion of an antihistamine overdose.",
"Taking both cetirizine (Zyrtec) and diphenhydramine (benedryl) together may increase the risk of side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination.",
"It is possible to overdose on antihistamines."
] | [
"Cetirizine (Zyrtec) and diphenhydramine (benedryl) are both antihistamine medications.",
"Symptoms of antihistamine overdose include drowsiness, dry mouth and eyes, blurred vision, urinary retention, rapid heartbeat, flushing, and gastrointestinal symptoms.",
"Severe antihistamine overdose can lead to seizures, hallucinations, delirium, and respiratory or cardiovascular distress."
] | https://www.healthline.com/health/antihistamine-overdose | Allergic contact dermatitis due to other agents |
Can I take anything with the antibiotic like pepto bismol or Tylenol as needed? | It is generally safe to take most antibiotics with Tylenol (acetaminophen) except when taken with the antibiotic isoniazid (Nydrazid). Isoniazid can increase the activity of liver enzymes, which results in Tylenol being converted to toxic metabolites, thus increasing the risk of liver damage. As for Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate), it can inhibit the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics from the digestive system. It is therefore recommended to take the two medications 2-3 hours apart from each other. | [
"Tylenol (acetaminophen) can generally be taken safely with most antibiotics",
"Tylenol should be used with caution when taken with the antibiotic isoniazid (Nydrazid) due to the risk of liver damage",
"It is advised that Pepto-Bismol and tetracycline antibiotics are taken 2-3 hours apart",
"Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) can inhibit the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics from the digestive system"
] | [] | https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/minocycline-with-pepto-bismol-1636-0-391-177.html?professional=1
https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/doxycycline-with-pepto-bismol-940-0-391-177.html
https://www.drugs.com/interactions-check.php?drug_list=11-0,1393-0
https://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC4498995&blobtype=pdf
https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-you-drugs/drug-interactions-what-you-should-know#:~:text=Drug%20interactions%20may%20make%20your,even%20be%20harmful%20to%20you.
https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/clinical-pharmacology/factors-affecting-response-to-drugs/drug-interactions | null |
Can I take nyquil and benedryl at the same time? | Doxylamine (an ingredient in NyQuil) and Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) are antihistamine medications. Taking both together may increase the risk of side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination.
Also, it is possible to overdose on antihistamines.
Antihistamine overdose includes symptoms such as drowsiness, dry mouth and eyes, blurred vision, urinary retention, rapid heartbeat, flushing, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe antihistamine overdose can lead to seizures, hallucinations, delirium, and respiratory or cardiovascular distress.
Seek immediate medical attention in case of suspicion of an antihistamine overdose.
| [
"Taking Doxylamine and Diphenhydramine simultaneously can increase the risk of side effects",
"Seek immediate medical attention in case of suspicion of an antihistamine overdose.",
"It is possible to overdose on antihistamines.",
""
] | [
"Doxylamine and Diphenhydramine are both antihistamines",
"Symptoms of antihistamine overdose include drowsiness, dry mouth and eyes, blurred vision, urinary retention, rapid heartbeat, flushing, and gastrointestinal symptoms.",
"Severe antihistamine overdose can lead to seizures, hallucinations, delirium, and respiratory or cardiovascular distress."
] | https://www.healthline.com/health/antihistamine-overdose | Acute upper respiratory infection, unspecified |
Can a nausea prescription be taken at the same time as Dramamine? | Dimenhydrinate is an over-the-counter medication used to treat motion sickness and nausea. Some nausea medications, such as Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) and Ondansetron (Zofran), are safe to use in combination with Dimenhydrinate, while others like Prochlorperazine (Compazine) and Metoclopramide (Reglan) may have unwanted interactions.
| [
"Ondansetron (Zofran) is safe to use in combination with Dimenhydrinate.",
"Metoclopramide (Reglan) may have unwanted interactions when used in combination with Dimenhydrinate.",
"It is important to consult your healthcare provider before using Dimenhydrinate in combination with other medications.",
"Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) is safe to use in combination with Dimenhydrinate.",
"Some nausea medications may have unwanted interactions when used in combination with Dimenhydrinate.",
"Prochlorperazine (Compazine) may have unwanted interactions when used in combination with Dimenhydrinate"
] | [
"Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine, Driminate) is used to treat motion sickness and nausea.",
"Some nausea medications are safe to use in combination with Dimenhydrinate."
] | https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/dimenhydrinate.html
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/dimenhydrinate-drug-information?search=Dramamine&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~32&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-with-nausea-and-vomiting?search=nausea&source=search_result | null |
Can diabetics eat sweets?
| Yes, diabetics can eat sweets in moderation when they are part of a healthy, balanced diet. Sweets contain sugar which is a type of carbohydrate. Diabetics need to be aware of the total carbohydrates consumed with each meal, as carbohydrates can raise blood sugar levels. Counting the carbohydrates in every meal can help manage blood sugar levels and match insulin dosage to carbohydrate intake. A dietician can help patients manage diabetes by giving specialist guidance on carbohydrate counting, meal planning, and meal timing. | [
"Diabetics can eat sweets in moderation when they are part of a healthy, balanced diet."
] | [
"A dietician can help patients manage diabetes by giving specialist guidance on carbohydrate counting, meal planning, and meal timing.",
" Counting the carbohydrates in every meal can help diabetics manage blood sugar levels and match insulin dosage to carbohydrate intake.",
" Diabetics need to be aware of the total carbohydrates consumed with each meal, as carbohydrates can raise blood sugar levels.",
" Sweets contain sugar which is a type of carbohydrate."
] | https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/spotlights/diabetes-dessert.html
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-nutrition/art-20047654#
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11647-hypoglycemia-low-blood-sugar
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypoglycemia-low-blood-glucose-in-people-with-diabetes-beyond-the-basics
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/carb-counting-for-adults-with-diabetes-the-basics?topicRef=1766&source=see_link#H14019701
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/type-2-diabetes-and-diet-beyond-the-basics | null |
Can i take the painkiller and the antibiotics at the same time or wait hours in between ? | If your healthcare provider prescribes both antibiotics and painkillers, it is generally safe to take them together. However, some antibiotics should not be combined with painkillers due to potential drug interactions. It is best to consult your healthcare provider about the possibility and proper timing of combining those drugs. | [
"Some antibiotics are not recommended to use in combination with painkillers due to possible drug interactions.",
" If your healthcare provider prescribes both antibiotics and painkillers, it is generally safe to take them together.",
"It is best to consult your healthcare provider about the possibility and proper timing of combining antibiotics and painkillers drugs."
] | [] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acetaminophen-paracetamol-drug-information?search=paracetamol&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~149&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F129365
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ibuprofen-drug-information?search=ibuprofen&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~149&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F181425
https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/paracetamol
https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/ibuprofen-for-adults/taking-ibuprofen-with-other-medicines-and-herbal-supplements/#:~:text=It's%20safe%20to%20take%20ibuprofen,%2Dinflammatory%20drugs%20(NSAIDs).
https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/paracetamol-for-adults/taking-paracetamol-for-adults-with-other-medicines-and-herbal-supplements/
https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/take-ibuprofen-antibiotics-3121711/ | Unspecified diseases of pulp and periapical tissues |
Can sinus infections cause neck pain and neck vein distention? | Sinus infections are not associated with neck pain or neck vein distention. The typical pain associated with sinus infections is facial, cheek, upper back teeth, and ear pain, due to the location of the sinuses in the skull around the eyes, nose, and cheeks. Neck vein distention refers to the visible bulging of the jugular vein in the neck. Continuous jugular vein distention can be a sign of serious heart or circulatory issues, including heart failure, heart valve diseases, and pulmonary hypertension. If you think you have jugular vein distention, you should contact your healthcare provider. | [
"If you think you have jugular vein distention, you should contact your healthcare provider.",
" Sinus infections are not associated with neck pain or neck vein distention."
] | [
"Continuous jugular vein distention can be a sign of serious heart or circulatory issues.",
" Continuous jugular vein distention can be a sign of heart valve diseases.",
" Continuous jugular vein distention can be a sign of heart failure.",
" Continuous jugular vein distention can be a sign of pulmonary hypertension.",
" Neck vein distention refers to the visible bulging of the jugular vein in the neck.",
" The typical pain associated with sinus infections is facial, cheek, upper back teeth and ear pain."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-sinusitis-and-rhinosinusitis-in-adults-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis
https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/nose-and-paranasal-sinus-disorders/sinusitis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470383/#article-35997.s7
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/23149-jugular-vein-distention | null |
Can you provide a short term solution that is designed for insomnia? | Insomnia is a common condition that affects the ability to fall and stay asleep. Factors such as stress, noise, uncomfortable sleeping conditions, alcohol, caffeine, and medication side effects can contribute to insomnia. Eliminating the underlying cause can be helpful, and short-term pharmacological options are available. Short-term pharmacological options are Benzodiazepines such as Estazolam (ProSom), Flurazepam (Dalmane), Temazepam (Restoril), or other drugs such as eszopiclone (Lunesta), zaleplon (Sonata), and zolpidem (Ambien) .However, insomnia should not be treated with medication alone, and long-term use should be approved by a doctor. If changing sleeping habits doesn't work, or if insomnia is affecting daily life, it is advisable to see a doctor. | [
"Long term use (> 2 weeks) of pharmacotherapy for insomnia should be approved only by a doctor.",
" Short-term pharmacological options for insomnia include Benzodiazepines such as Estazolam(Prosom), Flurazepam(Dalmane), Temazepam(Restoril).",
" Other short-term pharmacological options for insomnia include drugs such as eszopiclone (Lunesta), zaleplon(Sonata), and zolpidem(Ambien).",
"If changing sleeping habits doesn't work, or if insomnia is affecting daily life, it is advisable to see a doctor."
] | [
"Insomnia is a common condition that affects the ability to fall and stay asleep.",
"Factors such as stress, noise, uncomfortable sleeping conditions, alcohol, caffeine, and medication side effects can contribute to insomnia."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-treatment-of-insomnia-in-adults?search=insomnia&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/insomnia/
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacotherapy-for-insomnia-in-adults?search=insomnia&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2 | null |
Can you suggest something in addition that is natural that could help with anxiety? | Natural treatment options for anxiety include lifestyle changes, anxiety-reducing activities, and herbal remedies. Psychotherapy is also important in long-term treatment for anxiety. Lifestyle changes may include quitting smoking and alcohol. Activities like exercise, meditation, and deep breathing can help alleviate anxiety. Although herbal remedies like kava kava, valerian root, passion flower, lavender, chamomile, and lemon balm might help, they are not FDA-approved for anxiety and can have side effects and interact with other drugs, so consulting a healthcare provider is important. | [
"Lifestyle modifications that may help with anxiety symptoms include smoking and alcohol use cessation.",
" Meditation can alleviate anxiety symptoms.",
" Psychotherapy is important in the long-term treatment of anxiety.",
" Herbal treatment for anxiety are not FDA approved",
" Deep breathing exercises can alleviate anxiety symptoms.",
" Physical exercise can alleviate anxiety symptoms.",
" You should consult your healthcare provider before taking herbal remedies for your anxiety symptoms",
" Herbal remedies can have side effects and interact with other drugs."
] | [
"Valerian root is a non-FDA-approved, possible herbal treatment for anxiety symptoms.",
" Lavender is a non-FDA approved, possible herbal treatment for anxiety symptoms.",
" Passion flower is a non-FDA approved, possible herbal treatment for anxiety symptoms.",
" Kava kava is a non-FDA approved, possible herbal treatment for anxiety symptoms.",
" Chamomile is a non-FDA approved, possible herbal treatment for anxiety symptoms.",
" Lemon balm is a non-FDA approved, possible herbal treatment for anxiety symptoms."
] | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxiety-disorder/expert-answers/herbal-treatment-for-anxiety/faq-20057945
https://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/natural-remedies-for-anxiety | null |
Can't you recommend me an antibiotic for sinusitis? | An acute sinus infection, also known as sinusitis, is usually self limited and do not require treatment with antibiotics. Treatment for sinus infections focuses on relieving symptoms. Possible treatments include oral pain relievers such as Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and Acetaminophen (Tylenol), oral decongestants such as Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed), and intranasal saline sprays, Oxymetazoline (Afrin), Fluticasone propionate (Flonase), and others. If symptoms persist after several days and do not respond to the suggested treatment, it may indicate a bacterial sinus infection and require treatment with antibiotics. Amoxicillin (Amoxil) or Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) are common antibiotic treatments for sinus infections. Seek medical attention if you experience: - Severe symptoms, such as severe headache or facial pain - Symptoms that worsen after improving - Symptoms that last more than 7 days without improvement - Fever for more than 3 days. | [
"Treatment for sinus infections focuses on relieving symptoms.",
" Sinusitis is usually self-limited and does not require treatment with antibiotics",
" Seek medical attention if your symptoms get worse after improving.",
" Seek medical attention if you have a fever longer than 3 days.",
" Seek medical attention if your symptoms last more than 7 days without getting better.",
" Seek medical attention if you have severe symptoms, such as severe headache or facial pain.",
" lack of improvement over days under symptomatic management may indicate a bacterial infection.",
" lack of improvement over days under symptomatic management may indicate a need for antibiotic treatment."
] | [
"In case of a bacterial infection antibiotic agent, most commonly Amoxicillin (Amoxil) or Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin), may be in order.",
" Intranasal spray of saline, Oxymetazoline (Afrin), and Fluticasone propionate (Flonase) can be used for symptomatic management of acute sinus infection.",
" Oral analgesics such as Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and Acetaminophen (Tylenol) can be used for symptomatic management of acute sinus infection.",
" Oral decongestants such as Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) can be used for symptomatic management of acute sinus infection."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/uncomplicated-acute-sinusitis-and-rhinosinusitis-in-adults-treatment#H17857688
https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/sinus-infection.html
https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/best-antibiotic-treat-sinus-infection-3121674/ | null |
Corticosteroid is the same as clobetasol? | Corticosteroids are drugs that are similar to cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Clobetasol is a highly potent corticosteroid used topically to treat skin problems like psoriasis and eczema. It is available only with a prescription and can be found in several formulations including cream, ointment, shampoo, spray, and lotion. However, prolonged use of clobetasol cream can lead to skin thinning, dryness, and discomfort, so it is recommended to use it for only two consecutive weeks. | [
"Clobetasol (Cormax, Clobex) is a corticosteroid.",
" Clobetasol is a highly potent topical corticosteroid."
] | [
"Clobetasol is applied topically",
" Clobetasol treats moderate to severe skin problems, including psoriasis and eczema.",
" Clobetasol is found in several formulations, such as cream, ointment, shampoo, spray, and lotion.",
" Common side effects of clobetasol include skin thinning, skin dryness, and skin discomfort.",
" Clobetasol is only available with a prescription.",
" Corticosteroids are a class of drugs that closely resemble cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands.",
" Use of clobetasol cream is generally limited to 2 consecutive weeks due to the risk of adverse effects."
] | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554612/
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clobetasol-drug-information
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a686008.html
https://www.drugs.com/clobetasol-topical.html
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213691s000lbl.pdf | null |
Could diabetes be so fast and onset? | Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that affects the body's ability to use blood sugar for energy. It is divided into two main types: type 1, which typically starts in childhood and is caused by the body's immune system attacking the pancreas, and type 2, which usually starts in adulthood and is caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. The onset of the symptoms of type 1 DM such as weight loss, higher urination quantity and frequency, excessive thirst, fatigue, and others, can be very quick and appear over weeks or even days. Less commonly, a medical emergency called diabetic ketoacidosis can develop over hours with symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, and feeling very ill. Diabetes mellitus type 2 usually progresses over years, and the majority of patients are asymptomatic at presentation. In rare cases, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus present for the first time with a medical emergency that can develop over hours or days with symptoms of severe dehydration, and possibly a change in mental status. | [
"Type 2 diabetes mellitus usually progresses over years.",
" The majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are asymptomatic at presentation.",
" Diabetic ketoacidosis, a medical emergency, can develop over hours with symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, and feeling very ill.",
" Seek medical attention if you suspect a new onset diabetes.",
" The onset of symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus such as unintentional weight loss, frequent urination, excessive thirst and hunger, and fatigue can progress rapidly over weeks or even days.",
" In rare cases, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus present for the first time with a medical emergency that can develop over hours or days with symptoms of severe dehydration, and possibly a change in mental status.",
" Symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus such as frequent urination and excessive thirst usually progress slowly."
] | [
"Type 2 diabetes mellitus usually starts in adulthood.",
" Diabetes mellitus is a disease related to abnormal carbohydrate metabolism.",
" Type 1 diabetes mellitus usually starts in childhood.",
" Diabetes mellitus is usually divided into type 1 and type 2"
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-presentation-diagnosis-and-initial-evaluation-of-diabetes-mellitus-in-adults?search=diabetes%20mellitus&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H2386084
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-presentation-and-diagnosis-of-type-1-diabetes-mellitus-in-children-and-adolescents?search=diabetes%20mellitus&source=search_result&selectedTitle=6~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=7#H7
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/type-1-diabetes-overview-beyond-the-basics?search=diabetes%20mellitus&topicRef=5816&source=see_link
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes/ | Dehydration |
Could esophagitis could like muscle stiffness in the neck when swallowing? | Esophagitis is inflammation of the esophagus caused by various factors including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), infections, or medications. Symptoms may include swallowing difficulties, pain while swallowing, retrosternal chest pain, heartburn, regurgitation, chronic cough, and nausea. Neck muscle stiffness while swallowing is not commonly associated with esophagitis. Please seek medical attention if you have neck muscle stiffness while swallowing in order to evaluate the cause and provide you with the correct treatment. | [
"Neck muscle stiffness while swallowing is not commonly associated with esophagitis.",
" Please seek medical attention if you have neck muscle stiffness while swallowing"
] | [
"Esophagitis is inflammation of the esophagus caused by various factors including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), infections, or medications.",
"Symptoms of Esophagitis may include swallowing difficulties, pain while swallowing, retrosternal chest pain, heartburn, regurgitation, chronic cough, and nausea."
] | https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/evaluation-of-the-adult-patient-with-neck-pain?
https://accessmedicine-mhmedical-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/content.aspx?sectionid=146981740&bookid=1872&Resultclick=2#1137615828
https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-gastroesophageal-reflux-in-adults?search=esophagitis%20clinical%20presentation&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
=neck%20stiffness%20adult&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Gastro-esophageal reflux disease without esophagitis |
Could you tell me about the success rate of Sertraline for Premature Ejaculation | Sertraline (Zoloft) is an FDA-approved prescription drug used to treat various conditions including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and social anxiety disorder. Although not FDA-approved for premature ejaculation, small studies suggest Sertraline can help treat it, lengthening ejaculation time and improving sexual satisfaction. Sertraline can have side-effects, including sexual-related effects such as lower sex drive and erectile dysfunction. If you have premature ejaculation, contact your healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment plan. | [
"Small studies have suggested that Sertraline can help in treating premature ejaculation.",
" Sertraline can have side effects including sexual-related effects such as lower sex drive.",
" Sertraline can have side effects including sexual-related effects such as erectile dysfunction.",
" Sertraline has been shown to improve sexual satisfaction in some studies.",
" Sertraline has been shown to lengthen ejaculation time in some studies.",
" Sertraline (Zoloft) is not FDA-approved for premature ejaculation",
" There is insufficient data and a lack of large randomized trials regarding Sertraline as treatment for premature ejaculation .",
" Individuals with premature ejaculation should contact their healthcare provider for a diagnosis and treatment plan.",
" Sertraline (Zoloft) is FDA-approved to treat various conditions including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and social anxiety disorder."
] | [] | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6571276/#R27
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-male-sexual-dysfunction?search=Premature%20ejaculation&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~32&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H408493675 | null |
Depression has relation with memory loss? | Depression is a medical condition characterized by negative effects on mood, cognition, and behavior. Memory issues, particularly with short-term and working memory, are possible symptoms. Long-term memory and procedural memory are less affected. Pseudodementia, a decline in cognitive function including memory loss, is associated with depression and can also occur due to lack of energy or effort. If you are experiencing these symptoms, seek diagnosis and treatment from a healthcare professional. | [
"If you experience symptoms of depression or notice a memory loss you should contact your healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.",
" Depression is associated with pseudodementia which is an apparent intellectual decline, including memory loss",
" Memory issues, particularly with short-term and working memory, are possible symptoms of depression",
"Impaired long-term memory and procedural memory are less associated with depression."
] | [
"Depression is a medical condition characterized by negative effects on mood, cognition, and behavior."
] | https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression
https://theconversation.com/people-with-depression-can-sometimes-experience-memory-problems-heres-why-153392
https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/depression-and-memory-loss
https://psychcentral.com/depression/depression-and-memory-loss#research | null |
Do I need to get test results before starting treatment for either chylamdia or the ghonerrea | Chlamydia and gonorrhea are bacteria that can cause sexually transmitted diseases and are treated with antibiotics. Diagnosis for these diseases is performed by laboratory testing of urine, vaginal, rectal, and throat samples. Empiric treatment, meaning treatment without test results, should be offered by the doctor to patients with common symptoms of a sexually transmitted disease, and for those with a recent known or possible sexual exposure to chlamydia or gonorrhea. For patients without common symptoms of a sexually transmitted disease or a suspected exposure, establishing the diagnosis with a positive test result is necessary prior to the initialization of treatment. | [
"For patients without common symptoms of a sexually transmitted disease or a suspected exposure, establishing the diagnosis with a positive test result is necessary prior to the initialization of treatment.",
" Patients with a recent known or possible sexual exposure to chlamydia or gonorrhea should be offered empiric therapy for both.",
" Empiric antibiotic treatment for chlamydial and gonococcal infection is recommended when someone presents with common symptoms of chlamydia or gonorrhea",
"Empiric treatment should be offered by the doctor to patients with a recent known or possible sexual exposure to chlamydia or gonorrhea."
] | [
"Diagnosis for chlamydia and gonorrhea is performed by laboratory testing of urine, vaginal, rectal, and throat samples.",
" Chlamydia and gonorrhea are bacteria that can cause sexually transmitted diseases and are treated with antibiotics."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-chlamydia-trachomatis-infection?search=std%20treatment%20guidelines&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3#H30580089
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-uncomplicated-neisseria-gonorrhoeae-infections?search=std%20treatment%20guidelines&source=search_result&selectedTitle=4~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=4#H1115797
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30742592/#:~:text=Abstract,%2Dup%2C%20and%20interrupt%20transmission. | Unspecified sexually transmitted disease |
Do bananas help with diarrhea? | When experiencing diarrhea, bananas can be helpful due to their high content of pectin and starch. Green bananas contain even more pectin and starch than ripe ones, making them even more beneficial. However, fresh fruits and vegetables should be avoided, except for bananas, as they may worsen diarrhea. Bananas are also a good source of potassium, which helps to replace lost nutrients. A long-term restrictive diet like the "BRAT" diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) may provide suboptimal nutrition and should not be used for more than 24 hours. In addition, in cases of diarrhea, it is recommended to avoid dairy products since lactose, a type of sugar present in dairy, can worsen symptoms. If diarrhea persists for more than one day or is accompanied by dehydration, fever, or rectal bleeding, it is recommended to contact a healthcare provider for medical advice. | [
"Bananas can help with diarrhea as they contain pectin and starch."
] | [
"Fresh fruits and vegetables, except for bananas, should be avoided as they can worsen diarrhea.",
" Contact your healthcare provider for medical advice if diarrhea is accompanied by rectal bleeding.",
" Contact your healthcare provider for medical advice if diarrhea is accompanied by dehydration.",
" Contact your healthcare provider for medical advice if diarrhea is accompanied by fever.",
" The 'BRAT' diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) can provide suboptimal nutrition and shouldn't be used for more than 24 hours.",
" Contact your healthcare provider for medical advice if diarrhea persists for more than one day.",
" Green bananas, which contain more pectin and starch than ripe bananas, are favorable in cases of diarrhea.",
" Bananas are high in potassium and help to replace nutrients lost because of diarrhea.",
" in cases of diarrhea, it is recommended to avoid dairy products since lactose, a type of sugar present in dairy, can worsen symptoms"
] | https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5216a1.htm
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-acute-chemotherapy-related-diarrhea?search=Management%20of%20acute%20chemotherapy-related%20diarrhea&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36692306/
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-with-acute-diarrhea-in-resource-rich-settings?search=diarrhea%20adult&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
https://health.clevelandclinic.org/moms-advice-is-still-the-best-for-treating-diarrhea/
https://health.clevelandclinic.org/brat-diet/
https://shoregastro.com/information/brat-diet/#:~:text=the%20stomach%20flu.-,The%20BRAT%20(bananas%2C%20rice%2C%20apples%2C%20toast)%20diet,%2C%20oatmeal%2C%20or%20boiled%20potatoes.
https://www.oregonclinic.com/diets-BRAT | null |
Do cheap socks cause problems? | Socks can play an important role in maintaining good foot health. It is not necessarily the price of socks that determines if they cause foot problems. Choosing the best socks for your feet can depend on activity, health, and season. To prevent fungal infections of the feet and blisters it is important to wear clean, dry socks and change them regularly. Socks made from moisture-wicking material may help keep feet drier for longer. Compression stockings can be prescribed for those suffering from venous insufficiency. For those with diabetes, it is important to change socks daily and avoid wearing socks that are constricting. | [
"The price of socks does not necessarily determine if they cause foot problems."
] | [
"Choosing the best socks for your feet can depend on activity, health and season.",
" Socks play an important role in maintaining good foot health.",
" Compression stockings can be prescribed for those suffering from venous insufficiency.",
" Wearing clean, dry socks and changing them regularly can prevent fungal infections of the feet and blisters.",
" For those with diabetes, it is important to avoid wearing socks that are constricting.",
" Socks made from moisture-wicking material may help keep feet drier for longer.",
" For those with diabetes, it is important to change socks daily."
] | https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1087613-treatment
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/dermatophyte-tinea-infections#H300483
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/compression-therapy-for-the-treatment-of-chronic-venous-insufficiency?search=compression%20socks&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H11314003
https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/understanding-athletes-foot-treatment
https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/athletes-foot-myths
https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/diabetes-mellitus-and-disorders-of-carbohydrate-metabolism/diabetes-mellitus-dm | Tinea pedis |
Do fissures and hemmroids heal on their own? | Mild anal fissures and hemorrhoids can heal with just supportive measures. However, chronic fissures and hemorrhoids or those with severe symptoms require medical intervention.
For both conditions, it is advised to increase dietary fiber or take fiber supplements in order to prevent hard bowel movements, maintain good hydration, use stool softeners if constipated, avoid prolonged straining, and use warm sitz baths to relieve discomfort.
Anal fissures that do not heal on their own, can be treated with topical vasodilators or botulinum toxin injections into the anal sphincter. If a fissure fails to heal with medical treatment, surgery (lateral internal sphincterotomy) may be offered.
Hemorrhoids can be treated with over-the-counter or prescription topical corticosteroids and anesthetics. However, these are only intended for intermittent short-term use. For hemorrhoids that persistently bleed, are severely painful, or fail to improve, treatment with office-based procedures, such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, and photocoagulation, or surgery may be recommended. | [
"Mild anal fissures and hemorrhoids can heal with supportive measures.",
" Chronic fissures and hemorrhoids or those with severe symptoms require medical intervention."
] | [
"For hemorrhoids that persistently bleed, are severely painful, or fail to improve, treatment with office-based procedures, such as rubber band ligation, may be recommended.",
" Hemorrhoids can be treated with over-the-counter or prescription topical corticosteroids and anesthetics.",
" Using stool softeners if constipated is advised for the treatment of anal fissures and hemorrhoids.",
" For hemorrhoids that persistently bleed, are severely painful, or fail to improve, treatment with office-based procedures, such as photocoagulation, may be recommended.",
" Anal fissures that do not heal on their own can be treated with topical vasodilators.",
" For hemorrhoids that persistently bleed, are severely painful, or fail to improve, treatment with office-based procedures, such as sclerotherapy, may be recommended.",
" For hemorrhoids that persistently bleed, are severely painful, or fail to improve, surgery may be recommended.",
" Using warm sitz baths can help relieve discomfort from anal fissures and hemorrhoids.",
" Topical corticosteroids and anesthetics for hemorrhoids are only intended for intermittent short-term use.",
" Increasing dietary fiber or taking fiber supplements can help prevent hard bowel movements in cases of anal fissures and hemorrhoids.",
" Maintaining good hydration is advised for the treatment of anal fissures and hemorrhoids.",
" Avoiding prolonged straining is advised for the treatment of anal fissures and hemorrhoids.",
" Anal fissures that do not heal on their own can be treated with botulinum toxin injections into the anal sphincter.",
" If an anal fissure fails to heal with medical treatment, surgery (lateral internal sphincterotomy) may be offered."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anal-fissure-medical-management
https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/gastrointestinal-disorders/anorectal-disorders/anal-fissure?query=anal%20fissures
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/196297-treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/13177-anal-fissures
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/home-and-office-treatment-of-symptomatic-hemorrhoids
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15120-hemorrhoids
https://fascrs.org/ascrs/media/files/downloads/Clinical%20Practice%20Guidelines/cpg_management_of_hemorrhoids.pdf
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/775407-treatment | null |
Do migraines always come with headaches because I dont have a headache right now | Migraine typically presents with a headache. However, there are sometimes symptoms preceding the headache such as aura, sensitivity to light or sound, and dizziness. Auras can take the form of visual or sensory disturbances, including geometric shapes, bright spots, tingling or numbness. Please seek medical attention if you experience symptoms you consider unusual for your typical migraine episode or if your migraine is severe, getting worse, or lasting longer than usual. | [
"Migraines typically present with a headache",
"Migraine symptoms can precede the headache, such as aura, sensitivity to light or sound, and dizziness",
"Auras can take the form of visual or sensory disturbances, including geometric shapes, bright spots, tingling or numbness",
"Please seek medical attention if you experience symptoms you consider unusual for your typical migraine episode",
"Please seek medical attention if your migraine is severe, getting worse, or lasting longer than usual"
] | [] | https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/silent-migraine/#:~:text=Headache%20can%20be%20a%20common,aura%20without%20any%20head%20pain.
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathophysiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-migraine-in-adults?search=migraine&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H21674085
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/migraine/ | Migraine, unsp, not intractable, without status migrainosus |
Do you recommend anything to avoid these migraines? | Preventing migraines involves maintaining good sleep hygiene, regular exercise, avoiding triggers, and following consistent meal schedules. Prevention therapy can be considered for frequent migraines lasting over 12 hours, causing significant disability, resulting from medication overuse, or when pain relievers are ineffective or contraindicated. Prevention therapy options include beta-blockers, anti-depressants, anti-convulsants, serotonergic drugs, CGRP monoclonal antibodies, and neuromodulation devices. | [
"Regular aerobic exercise may help prevent migraines",
" following consistent meal schedules may help prevent migraines",
"Drugs that can be prescribed for migraine prevention include serotonergic drugs",
" Drugs that can be prescribed for migraine prevention include anti-convulsants",
" Drugs that can be prescribed for migraine prevention include anti-depressants"
] | [
"Drugs that can be prescribed for migraine prevention include CGRP monoclonal antibodies",
" Neuromodulation devices that stimulate nerve cells have been approved for the management and prevention of migraines",
" Prevention therapies can be considered for migraines that cause significant disability",
" Prevention therapies can be considered for migraines that last longer than 12 hours",
" Prevention therapies can be considered for medication overuse headaches",
" Prevention therapies can be considered for frequent migraine attacks (> 2 a month)",
" Prevention therapies can be considered when symptomatic medications are contraindicated or ineffective"
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/preventive-treatment-of-episodic-migraine-in-adults?search=migraine%20prophylaxis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~99&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9729750/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507873/
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1142556-overview | Headache, unspecified |
Doe the buspar cause sleepiness? | Buspirone, sold under the brand name Buspar, is a medication used to treat anxiety. Common side effects include hyperactivity, restlessness, nervousness, and excitability. Less commonly, it may also cause hypoactivity, such as drowsiness and fatigue. | [
"Buspirone (Buspar) can cause both hyperactive side effects like restlessness, nervousness, and unusual excitement, as well as hypoactive side effects like drowsiness and unusual tiredness."
] | [] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/buspirone-drug-information?search=BUSPAR&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~81&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F55642960
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/20084-buspirone-tablets
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/buspirone-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20062457 | Other specified anxiety disorders |
Does Allopurinal affect fertility? | Allopurinol (Zyloprim, Lopurin, Aloprim) is a prescription medication used to treat gout, high levels of uric acid in the blood, and recurrent uric acid kidney stones. It may cause side effects such as rash, joint pain, stiffness, or swelling. Male infertility has been reported in less than 1% of patients taking the drug while a similar association has not been found for female infertility. However, pregnant or breastfeeding women should consider alternatives due to the lack of safety information. | [
"Male infertility has been associated with Allopurinol in less than 1% of patients taking the drug.",
" No association was found between Allopurinol and female infertility.",
" Alternatives for Allopurinol should be considered while pregnant or breastfeeding."
] | [
"Common side effects of Allopurinol include rash and joint pain, stiffness or swelling.",
" Allopurinol is a prescription drug used to treat gout, high levels of uric acid in the blood and recurrent uric acid kidney stones."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/allopurinol-drug-information?search=allopurinol&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~144&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F55027363
https://www.drugs.com/allopurinol.html
https://www.drugs.com/sfx/allopurinol-side-effects.html
https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/allopurinol.html
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/016084s044lbl.pdf | null |
Does a migraine last for days at a time? | A migraine attack can last anywhere from 4 to 72 hours. When it lasts longer than 72 hours, it is called status migrainosus and can be caused by certain medications or medication withdrawal. | [
"A migraine attack lasts at least 4 hours and up to 72 hours.",
" A migraine attack that lasts more than 72 hours is called status migrainosus."
] | [
"possible causes for status migrainosus are certain medications or medication withdrawal."
] | https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/symptoms-causes/syc-20360201
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathophysiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-migraine-in-adults?search=migraine&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H21674113
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5005-migraine-headaches | Headache, unspecified |
Does bronchitis turn into pneumonia? | Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi, commonly caused by a respiratory viral infection, bacterial infection, or irritants such as smoke. It usually resolves without treatment in 1-3 weeks, but non-pharmacological cough relief may help. Pneumonia is more severe with fever, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. Both infections have similar symptoms, but differentiation can be done by a physical examination and chest X-ray. It's uncommon for bronchitis to turn into pneumonia, but it's possible - especially with bacterial bronchitis. A physician should be consulted if bronchitis symptoms worsen or do not resolve within three weeks. | [
"It's uncommon for bronchitis to turn into pneumonia, but it's possible",
"In cases where bronchitis does not resolve in three weeks, one should be checked by a physician for pneumonia",
"In cases of worsening of symptoms, one should be checked by a physician for pneumonia"
] | [
"It is also possible for a person with bronchitis to develop a separate pneumonia infection.",
" Symptoms of both bronchitis and pneumonia could appear similar and differentiation between the two should be done by a physical examination and chest Xray.",
" Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi, commonly caused by a respiratory viral infection or bacteria",
"Acute bronchitis can be caused by irritants such as smoke",
"Pneumonia is more severe than bronchitis",
"Pneumonia usually present with fever, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. "
] | https://accessmedicine-mhmedical-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/content.aspx?sectionid=165063952&bookid=2172#165064175
https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/acute-bronchitis-in-adults?search=acute%20bronchitis%20complications&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~111&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H8
https://www-tandfonline-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/doi/abs/10.1080/00325481.1986.11699283 | Acute bronchitis, unspecified |
Does herpes have rectal discharge? | Proctitis is inflammation of the rectal area. It can cause mucopurulent rectal discharge, among other symptoms. Herpes simplex infection can cause proctitis and rectal discharge, mostly in people who have practiced receptive anorectal intercourse or are immunocompromised. It's important to consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment of rectal discharge. | [
"It is important to consult your healthcare provider in cases of rectal discharge for proper diagnosis and treatment.",
" Herpes simplex infection can cause proctitis and rectal discharge."
] | [
"Proctitis is an inflammation of the rectal area which can cause mucopurulent rectal discharge.",
" Herpes simplex infection can cause proctitis and rectal discharge in people who have practiced receptive anorectal intercourse.",
" Herpes simplex infection can cause proctitis and rectal discharge in people who are immunocompromised."
] | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4442722/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/rectal-discharge#:~:text=Herpes%20simplex%20proctitis%2C%20another%20sexually,%2C%20rectal%20discharge%2C%20and%20constipation.
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-anorectal-symptoms-in-men-who-have-sex-with-men?search=proctitis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~142&usage_type=default&display_rank=2 | Unspecified sexually transmitted disease |
Does hydroxyzine have any affect on metabolism or weight gain? | Hydroxyzine is a medication that helps relieve itching caused by allergic skin reactions and anxiety in adults and children. Although weight gain is not listed as a side effect of the drug, recent studies have shown that long-term use of Hydroxyzine is associated with weight gain. Presumably, the drug's sedative effect can lead to burning fewer calories throughout the day and slowing down digestion.
| [
"Hydroxyzine sedative effects can cause the patient to burn fewer calories throughout the day, slow down digestion, and potentially lead to weight gain with chronic use."
] | [
"Hydroxyzine is a first generation anti-histamine drug used to relieve itching caused by allergic skin reactions.",
" Hydroxyzine crosses the blood brain barrier and can cause a sedative effect",
"Hydroxyzine can be used to relieve anxiety and tension."
] | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21154375/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6481497/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3221329/
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hydroxyzine-drug-information" | null |
Does low thyroid contribute to weight gain? | When thyroid function is low, it can lead to a reduction in metabolic rate and modest weight gain. However, this weight gain is typically only around 5-10 pounds and is not commonly associated with severe obesity. Treating and balancing thyroid function can help with weight loss. If you suspect you have low thyroid function, it is important to consult your healthcare provider for assessment and treatment. | [
"Treating and balancing thyroid function can help with losing the weight gained due to this condition.",
" If you have, or suspect you have a low thyroid function, it is important to consult your healthcare provider about assessment and treatment.",
" Decreased activity due to fatigue from low thyroid function can contribute to weight gain.",
" Low thyroid function can reduce the metabolic rate.",
" Low thyroid function can cause accumulation of fluid in the body.",
" Low thyroid function can cause a modest weight gain."
] | [
"Low thyroid function is not commonly associated with severe obesity."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-of-hypothyroidism?search=hypothyroidism&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3#H16
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypothyroidism-underactive-thyroid-beyond-the-basics?search=hypothyroidism&topicRef=7846&source=see_link
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12120-hypothyroidism#:~:text=The%20main%20job%20of%20the,how%20much%20energy%20to%20use.
https://www.thyroid.org/thyroid-and-weight/#:~:text=Most%20of%20the%20extra%20weight,the%20severity%20of%20the%20hypothyroidism. | null |
Does metformin generally work pretty well? | Metformin is a treatment for type 2 diabetes that can't be managed with diet and exercise alone. It is considered a good medication for lowering blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and has also been shown to have a cardioprotective effect making it favorable for patients with metabolic syndrome. Metformin is relatively safe for patients without severe kidney dysfunction but can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, and vomiting. Other less common side effects are also possible. Rarely, Metformin can cause lactic acidosis which can be life-threatening. It is important to follow up with your healthcare provider to monitor its effect and possible side effects. | [
"Metformin is a treatment for type 2 diabetes that can't be managed with diet and exercise alone",
"Metformin is considered a good medication for lowering blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients",
"Metformin has been shown to have a cardioprotective effect making it favorable for patients with metabolic syndrome",
"Metformin is relatively safe for patients without severe kidney dysfunction",
"Metformin can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, and vomiting",
"Rarely, Metformin can cause lactic acidosis which can be life-threatening",
"It is important to follow up with your healthcare provider to monitor Metformin's effect and possible side effects"
] | [] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/metformin-drug-information?search=metformin&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~149&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F193836
https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/metformin/about-metformin/
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/is-metformin-a-wonder-drug-202109222605
https://www.goodrx.com/metformin/metformin-how-does-it-work-what-does-it-do
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/is-metformin-a-wonder-drug-202109222605https://www.verywellhealth.com/signs-metformin-not-working-5213011#:~:text=Although%20it%20is%20the%20most,that%20metformin%20has%20stopped%20working. | null |
Does the CMP test or perhaps another test determine if I have or liked to get diabetes? | The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) blood test measures 14 different substances, including glucose, electrolytes, proteins, and indicators of liver and kidney function. This test requires an 8-hour fast before a blood sample is taken. Elevated glucose levels on the CMP test may indicate diabetes, with levels of 126 or higher indicating diabetes, and levels between 100 and 125 indicating prediabetes. Other tests to confirm diabetes include the Hemoglobin A1C (A1C or HbA1c) test and glucose tolerance test. If you suspect you have diabetes or prediabetes, contact your healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term complications. | [
"Elevated glucose levels on the CMP test may indicate diabetes",
"Glucose levels of 126 or higher on the CMP test indicate diabetes",
"Glucose levels between 100 and 125 on the CMP test indicate prediabetes",
"The Hemoglobin A1C (A1C or HbA1c) test is another test to confirm diabetes",
"The glucose tolerance test is another test to confirm diabetes",
"Contact your healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment if you suspect you have diabetes or prediabetes",
"Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes or prediabetes can help prevent long-term complications"
] | [
"The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) blood test measures 14 different substances, including glucose, electrolytes, proteins, and indicators of liver and kidney function",
"The CMP test requires an 8-hour fast before a blood sample is taken"
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-presentation-and-diagnosis-of-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-in-children-and-adolescents?search=diabetes%20mellitus%20type%202&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H21
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371451#:~:text=A%20blood%20sugar%20level%20less,hours%20means%20you%20have%20diabetes.
https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/comprehensive-metabolic-panel-cmp/ | null |
Does the bacteria determine the antibiotic? | Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial substance designed to target specific mechanisms or components that are unique to certain types of bacteria. Hence, the bacteria’s species is a crucial factor in deciding on the right treatment for a bacterial infection. Having said that, there are additional important factors in determining the right antibiotic agent such as the severity of infection, site of infection, sensitivity testing, potential side effects of the drug, patient's medical history, and allergies. | [
"The species of bacteria is a crucial factor in deciding the right treatment for a bacterial infection.",
" The patient's allergies are an important factor in determining the right antibiotic agent.",
" Potential side effects of the drug are an important factor in determining the right antibiotic agent.",
" The severity of infection is an important factor in determining the right antibiotic agent.",
" The site of infection is an important factor in determining the right antibiotic agent.",
" The patient's medical history is an important factor in determining the right antibiotic agent.",
" Sensitivity testing is an important factor in determining the right antibiotic agent."
] | [
"Antibiotics are designed to target specific mechanisms or components unique to certain types of bacteria."
] | https://bmcprimcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12875-019-1068-7 | Balanitis |
Engorged breast can cause chills? | Breast engorgement is when breasts becomes hard, painful, and swollen because they’re overly full of breast milk. In some cases, this engorgement can cause a milk duct to become clogged which can lead to an infection called mastitis.
Common symptoms of mastitis include high fever and chills, generally feeling ill as well as local symptoms such as breast swelling, tenderness, redness, local warmth, and a pain or a burning sensation.
Therefore, engorged breasts can cause chills if the engorgement causes a breast infection.
If you experience such symptoms, contact your healthcare provider for treatment to avoid complications such as breast abscess. | [
"The engorged breast can cause chills if the engorgement causes a breast infection.",
" If you experience symptoms of mastitis, contact your healthcare provider for treatment.",
" Common symptoms of mastitis include high fever and chills."
] | [
"Common symptoms of mastitis include pain or a burning sensation.",
" Untreated mastitis can lead to complications such as breast abscess.",
" Common symptoms of mastitis include local warmth.",
" Common symptoms of mastitis include breast swelling.",
" Breast engorgement is when breasts are hard, painful, and swollen due to being overly full of breast milk.",
" Clogged milk duct can lead to an infection called mastitis.",
" Common symptoms of mastitis include tenderness.",
" Common symptoms of mastitis include redness.",
" Engorgement can cause a milk duct to become clogged.",
" Common symptoms of mastitis include generally feeling ill."
] | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/24306-breast-engorgement
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mastitis/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mastitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374829
https://www.whattoexpect.com/mastitis.aspx#:~:text=It's%20common%20to%20experience%20a,can%20sometimes%20come%20on%20suddenly. | null |
For instance, to check for Epididymitis, is it a urine test? | When evaluating suspected epididymitis, doctors typically assess signs and symptoms and perform a physical examination of the scrotum. Urine tests, including urinalysis and urine culture, are used to check for white blood cells and bacteria in the urine, since bacterial infections are the most common cause of epididymitis. If a sexually transmitted infection, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, is suspected, additional urine test or a urethral swab may be done. In some cases, an ultrasound may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.
| [
"Doctors typically assess signs and symptoms and perform a physical examination of the scrotum when evaluating suspected epididymitis",
"Urine tests, including urinalysis and urine culture, are used to check for white blood cells and bacteria in the urine for suspected epididymitis",
"If a sexually transmitted infection, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, is suspected, additional urine tesat or a urethral swab may be done",
"In some cases of suspected epididymitis, an ultrasound may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions"
] | [
"Bacterial infections are the most common cause of epididymitis"
] | https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/1101/p723.html
https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/penile-and-scrotal-disorders/epididymitis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430814/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17697-epididymitis
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-scrotal-pain-in-adults | null |
Gabapentin isnt a controlled substance? | Gabapentin (Neurontin) is an FDA-approved medication used to treat nerve pain and seizures. It is also prescribed for other conditions such as restless leg syndrome, anxiety, and alcohol withdrawal. Although gabapentin is not classified as a controlled substance by the federal government of the USA, some states and countries have classified it as such due to its potential for abuse and euphoria.
| [
"Gabapentin is not considered a controlled substance according to the federal government of the USA.",
" some states and countries have classified Gabapentin as a controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and euphoria."
] | [
"Gabapentin (Neurontin) is FDA-approved to treat specific types of nerve pain and seizures.",
" Gabapentin (Neurontin) can also be used to treat other health conditions such as restless leg syndrome, anxiety, and alcohol withdrawal."
] | https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/gabapentin-narcotic-controlled-substance-3555993/ | null |
How am I supposed to put ointment on my nipple if it's pierced | Depending on the medical indication and type of ointment, removal of the piercing may be necessary for local infection or allergy, but ointment may be applied on a pierced nipple for unrelated medical conditions.
| [
"In the case of a medical condition unrelated to the piercing, you can apply the ointment on a pierced nipple.",
" removal of the piercing may be necessary for local infection or allergy"
] | [] | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/23164-sore-nipples#:~:text=In%20most%20cases%2C%20sore%20nipples,lumps%20as%20soon%20as%20possible.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537336/ | null |
How could I be the only person in the house with a viral infection? | Not everyone in the same household who is exposed to a virus will develop symptoms. The risk of getting infected and developing symptoms depends on factors such as immune system competence, vaccination status, level of exposure, and adherence to precautions. Also, viral symptoms may take time to appear. | [
"Not everyone in the same household exposed to a virus will develop symptoms",
"Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of getting infected depends on immune system competence",
" Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of getting infected depends on vaccination status",
" Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of getting infected depends on level of exposure",
" Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of getting infected depends on adherence to precautions",
" Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of developing symptoms depends on immune system competence",
" Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of developing symptoms depends on vaccination status",
" Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of developing symptoms depends on level of exposure",
" Upon getting exposed to a virus, the risk of developing symptoms depends on adherence to precautions",
" "
] | [
"It may take time for viral symptoms to appear."
] | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24473-viral-infection | null |
How do I know if its a canker sore versus herpes | Aphthous ulcers and Herpes simplex virus sores are both painful oral lesions that can be difficult to differentiate. Aphthous ulcers are flat and do not change much over time, while herpes sores start as a vesicle and then form a crust. Aphthous ulcers usually appear on non-keratinized surfaces, while herpes sores appear on keratinized surfaces. Prodromal sensations are not common with aphthous ulcers, while burning or tingling sensations can often anticipate herpes lesions.
| [
"Differentiating between aphthous ulcerations (canker sores) and Herpes simplex virus sores (cold sores) can be challenging",
" Aphthous ulcerations (canker sores) and Herpes simplex virus sores (cold sores) are both common, painful oral lesions.",
" Aphthous ulcerations (canker sores) most commonly appear on non-keratinized oral surfaces such as buccal mucosa, under the tounge, the floor of the mouth and the soft palate.",
" Herpes sores usually appear on keratinized surfaces such as the lips, the tounge, the gingiva and the hard palate.",
" The lesion of herpes sores seems like a vesicle at first, which later ruptures and forms a crust.",
" The primary lesion of aphthous ulcerations (canker sores) looks like a flat ulcer and usually doesn't change significantly over time."
] | [
"For herpes sores, a burning or tingling sensation can often anticipate the lesions.",
" A prodromal sensation is usually not common with aphthous ulcerations (canker sores).",
" Aphthous ulcerations (canker sores) and Herpes simplex virus sores (cold sores) usually heal within 1-2 weeks."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/oral-lesions?search=canker%20sore&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H1743602899
https://thejcdp.com/doi/JCDP/pdf/10.5005/jcdp-3-1-16
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7486510/
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cold-sores-oral-herpes-the-basics?search=canker%20sore&topicRef=16834&source=see_link
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/mouth-sores-the-basics?search=canker%20sore&topicRef=5572&source=see_link | Recurrent oral aphthae |
How do I measure blood pressure? | Blood pressure can be self-measured at home or at work. It is recorded as two measurements: systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
Validated digital home blood pressure measurement devices are convenient to use and widely available without the need for a prescription. They can be bought at pharmacies, online, and at medical supply stores.
It is important to have a properly fitting cuff in order to get an accurate measurement. Your healthcare provider or pharmacist can help you choose a device with the correct-sized cuff and teach you how to use it.
It is advised to empty your bladder and avoid caffeine, nicotine, exercise, and other stimulants 30 minutes before measuring your blood pressure. Find a quiet place with a table and chair, and sit and relax for 5 minutes before taking a reading.
The cuff should fit snugly on your bare upper arm with the lower edge of the cuff 1 inch above the elbow crease. Your forearm should be laid on a flat surface with the palm of the hand facing up, and the upper arm at the same level as the heart.
Whilst taking a reading, have your feet uncrossed and flat on the floor, your back supported, and stay still and silent.
Follow your healthcare provider's instructions on when and how frequently you should measure your blood pressure. At least two readings should be taken each time, 1-2 minutes apart. Record the systolic and diastolic pressures, heart rate, date, time, and arm that the blood pressure was measured in. | [
"It is advised to empty your bladder and avoid caffeine, nicotine, exercise, and other stimulants 30 minutes before measuring your blood pressure.",
"Find a quiet place with a table and chair, and sit and relax for 5 minutes before taking a blood pressure reading.",
"Your forearm should be laid on a flat surface with the palm of the hand facing up, and the upper arm at the same level as the heart while taking a blood pressure reading.",
"The cuff should fit snugly on your bare upper arm with the lower edge of the cuff 1 inch above the elbow crease.",
"At least two readings should be taken each time, 1-2 minutes apart.",
"It is important to have a properly fitting cuff in order to get an accurate blood pressure measurement."
] | [
"Follow your healthcare providers instructions on when and how frequently you should measure your blood pressure.",
"Blood pressure can be self-measured at home or at work.",
"Validated digital home blood pressure measurement devices are convenient to use and widely available without the need for a prescription.",
"Your healthcare provider or pharmacist can help you choose a device with the correct sized cuff and teach you how to use it.",
"Digital home blood pressure measurement devices can be bought at pharmacies, online, and at medical supply stores.",
"Whilst taking a reading, have your feet uncrossed and flat on the floor, your back supported, and stay still and silent.",
"Blood pressure is recorded as two measurements: systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.",
"Record the systolic and diastolic pressures, heart rate, date, time, and arm that the blood pressure was measured in."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/out-of-office-blood-pressure-measurement-ambulatory-and-self-measured-blood-pressure-monitoring
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/high-blood-pressure/ART-20047889?p=1
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0900/p237-s1.html | null |
How do I prevent post nasal drip? | Postnasal drip is a common cause of chronic cough. It occurs when excess mucus accumulates in the back of the throat and nose. This buildup can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergies, colds, and sinus infections. Treating the underlying cause of postnasal drip is the key to relieving symptoms. In non-allergic cases, inhaled glucosteroids showed improvement in symptoms. In cases of allergic rhinitis, avoiding environmental exposure to the allergens would help prevent rhinitis.
| [
"In non-allergic cases, inhaled glucosteroids showed improvement in symptoms.",
" The postnasal drainage causes a stimulation of the cough reflex due to sensory receptors in the throat.",
" Treating the cause of the nasal drainage could help prevent postnasal drip cough.",
" In cases of allergic rhinitis, avoiding environmental exposure to the allergens would help prevent rhinitis."
] | [
"Postnasal drip is a common causes of chronic cough.",
" Nasal drainage has several different causes most commonly allergic and non-allergic rhinitis (nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing or itching in the nose)."
] | https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/evaluation-and-treatment-of-subacute-and-chronic-cough-in-adults?search=upper%20airway%20cough%20syndrome&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~50&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H4
https://accessmedicine-mhmedical-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/content.aspx?sectionid=262790407&bookid=3095#266356781 | Acute upper respiratory infection, unspecified |
How do you get otitis externa? | Otitis externa is a relatively common condition and refers to inflammation of the external auditory canal. It is characterized by symptoms such as ear pain, itchiness in the ear canal, discharge from the ear canal, and some degree of temporary hearing loss.
The cause of otitis externa is usually a bacterial infection, though other pathogens and non-infectious causes are also associated with this condition.
Factors that increase the risk of otitis externa include swimming or other water exposure, trauma such as from excessive cleaning or aggressive scratching of the ear canal, devices that occlude the ear canal such as hearing aids or earphones, and dermatologic conditions such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis.
| [
"Trauma from excessive cleaning or aggressive scratching of the ear canal increases the risk of otitis externa.",
"The cause of otitis externa is usually a bacterial infection.",
"Devices that occlude the ear canal such as hearing aids or earphones increase the risk of otitis externa.",
"Swimming or other water exposure increases the risk of otitis externa.",
"Dermatologic conditions such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis increase the risk of otitis externa.",
" "
] | [
"Otitis externa is a condition characterized by inflammation of the external auditory canal",
" symptoms of Otitis externa may include ear pain, itchiness in the ear canal, discharge from the ear canal, and some degree of temporary hearing loss."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/external-otitis-pathogenesis-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?search=otitis%20externa&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~35&usage_type=default&display_rank=2
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8381-swimmers-ear-otitis-externa | Unspecified otitis externa, unspecified ear |
How is HRV different from heart rate? | Heart rate (HR) is the number of times a heart beats in a minute, measured in beats per minute (bpm).Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is the measure of variation in time interval between heartbeats and is measured in milliseconds (ms). Low HRV is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. High HRV is associated with higher fitness levels and resilience to stress. | [
"Heart Rate Variability (HRV) measures the variation in time interval between heartbeats, in milliseconds (ms).",
"Heart rate (HR) measures how many times a heart beats in a minute, in beats per minute (bpm)."
] | [
"Low HRV is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.",
"High HRV is associated with higher fitness levels and resilience to stress"
] | https://www.medicinenet.com/what_is_heart_rate_variability_hrv/article.htm
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21773-heart-rate-variability-hrv
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/heart-rate-variability-new-way-track-well-2017112212789 | null |
How is PID treated? | Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is treated with antibiotics that cover a broad-spectrum of likely pathogens (Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, anaerobic bacteria and others).
Treating PID as soon as symptoms start can prevent scarring and irreversible damage to reproductive organs. Therefore, a combination of antibiotics is promptly administered and then later adjusted according to a patient’s lab results. A possible combination of antibiotics includes Ceftriaxone, Doxycycline, and Metronidazole.
Hospitalization is necessary when severe illness is suspected or when a patient is pregnant, has a tubo-ovarian abscess, or is unresponsive to oral treatment.
While treatment is administered, sexual partners should be tested and treated in order to prevent reinfection. Sexual intercourse should be avoided until treatment is completed and symptoms are resolved.
| [
"PID is treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics that cover likely pathogens such as Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and anaerobic bacteria.",
" Treating PID as soon as symptoms start can prevent scarring and irreversible damage to reproductive organs.",
" posibble antibiotic combinations for PID treatment is Ceftriaxone, Doxycycline, and Metronidazole."
] | [
"Hospitalization is necessary for PID treatment when the patient is unresponsive to oral treatment.",
"Hospitalization is necessary for PID treatment when severe illness is suspected.",
"Hospitalization is necessary for PID treatment when the patient is pregnant.",
"Hospitalization is necessary for PID treatment when the patient has a tubo-ovarian abscess.",
"Sexual intercourse should be avoided until PID treatment is completed and symptoms are resolved.",
"A combination of antibiotics is promptly administered for PID treatment and then later adjusted according to a patient’s lab results.",
"Sexual partners should be tested and treated during PID treatment to prevent reinfection."
] | https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/pid.htm
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pelvic-inflammatory-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352600 | Unspecified sexually transmitted disease |
How is saxenda different from Ozempic | Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) and Semaglutide (Ozempic) are both GLP-1 agonists used to treat diabetes and aid weight loss. Liraglutide is given daily due to faster elimination, while semaglutide is given weekly due to slower elimination. Non-diabetic obese patients showed better weight loss with weekly semaglutide. | [
"Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) is given in daily doses.",
" Semaglutide (Ozempic) is given in weekly doses.",
" The main difference between Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) and Semaglutide (Ozempic) is the time it takes to get eliminated from the body.",
" Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) and Semaglutide (Ozempic) are both antidiabetic drugs from the same family (glucagon like pepteide 1 (GLP-1) agonists)."
] | [
"Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) and Semaglutide (Ozempic) are prescribed for treating diabetes mellitus.",
" Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) and Semaglutide (Ozempic) are used for weight loss.",
" Studies show a preferable weight loss in obese patients without diabetes to the weekly Semaglutide (Ozempic) compared to the daily Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza)",
"Liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza) and Semaglutide (Ozempic) are usually given by injection to the abdomen."
] | https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.meir.idm.oclc.org/35015037/
https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/semaglutide-drug-information#F50876237
https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/liraglutide-drug-information#F9844261 | null |
How long do I need to wait before starting naproxen since I took ibuprofen this morning? | Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) belong to the same drug class and have similar side effect profiles, including inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and rare gastrointestinal tract perforation, kidney, and liver problems. To avoid the increased risk of these side effects, these drugs should not be taken simultaneously without a clear order from a healthcare provider. The minimum time interval between taking Ibuprofen and Naproxen is eight hours, which may be longer in patients with liver dysfunction.
| [
"Taking Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) simultaneously can increase the risk of experiencing side effects.",
"Without a clear order from your healthcare provider, Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) should not be taken simultaneously.",
"The minimal time interval between taking Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) is eight hours."
] | [
"Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) are in the same drug class.",
"Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) share side effects such as inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and rarely, perforation of the gastrointestinal tract.",
"Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) share rare side effects such as kidney and liver problems.",
"The time interval between taking Ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin) and Naproxen (Aleve) may be longer in patients with liver dysfunction."
] | https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/ibuprofen-with-naproxen-1310-0-1690-0.html#:~:text=Using%20ibuprofen%20together%20with%20naproxen,ulceration%2C%20and%20rarely%2C%20perforation.
https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01050
https://www.theindependentpharmacy.co.uk/pain/guides/naproxen-vs-ibuprofen
https://www.safemedication.com/pharmacist-insights/2021/04/26/can-you-double-up-on-pain-killers#:~:text=However%2C%20do%20not%20take%20aspirin,used%20for%20cough%20and%20cold.
https://www.drugs.com/naproxen.html
https://www.drugs.com/ibuprofen.html | Tension-type headache, unspecified, not intractable |
How long do shin splints last | Medial tibial stress syndrome, more commonly known as ‘shin splints’, is characterized by pain in the shin (the front of the leg below the knee) that starts during or after intense exercise. Shin splints are usually self-limited and have no long-term complications. Recovery usually takes between 2-4 weeks, after which exercise can be gradually resumed.
Diagnosis is based on a patient’s history and physical examination – with no additional findings apart from exercise induced pain and local tenderness.
Treatment is resting, elevating, and icing the painful area in the leg a few times a day. If needed, pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) can be taken. | [
"Recovery from shin splints usually takes between 2-4 weeks."
] | [
"Diagnosis of shin splints is based on a patient's history and physical examination.",
"After recovery from shin splints, one can gradually resume exercise.",
"The treatment for shin splints includes resting, elevating, and icing the painful area in the leg a few times a day.",
"Pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) can be taken to relieve pain from shin splints.",
"Medial tibial stress syndrome, also known as 'shin splints', is characterized by pain in the shin that starts during or after intense exercise.",
"Shin splints are usually self-limited and have no long-term complications."
] | https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/shin-splints-the-basics?search=shin%20splints&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~15&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H183854209
https://accessmedicine-mhmedical-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/content.aspx?sectionid=70380973&bookid=1180#70381260
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000654.htm | null |
How long does it take to notice the effects of Wellbutrin? | Wellbutrin is the brand name of the drug Bupropion, which is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder, but is also FDA-approved as an aid for smoking cessation. The initial effects of this drug for the treatment of depression are usually observed within 1 to 2 weeks of treatment, with continued improvements through 4 to 6 weeks. The initial effects of this drug as an aid for smoking cessation are usually observed within 7-8 days, and therefore it is common for your healthcare provider to start it 1-2 weeks before the scheduled smoking quit date. | [
"The initial effects of Wellbutrin as an aid for smoking cessation are usually observed within 7-8 days.",
" The initial effects of Wellbutrin for the treatment of depression are usually observed within 1 to 2 weeks of treatment.",
" Continued improvements through Wellbutrin treatment for depression can be observed through 4 to 6 weeks."
] | [
"Wellbutrin is also FDA-approved as an aid for smoking cessation.",
" Wellbutrin is a brand name of the drug Bupropion.",
" Wellbutrin is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder.",
" It is common for healthcare providers to start Wellbutrin 1-2 weeks before the scheduled smoking quit date."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bupropion-drug-information?search=wellbutrin&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~149&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#
https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Mental-Health-Medications/Types-of-Medication/Bupropion-(Wellbutrin)#:~:text=Sleep%2C%20energy%2C%20or%20appetite%20may,8%20weeks%20to%20fully%20improve.
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/quit-smoking-medications/how-to-use-quit-smoking-medicines/how-to-use-bupropion-sr.html | Major depressive disorder, single episode, unspecified |
How long does this years flu usually last? | Seasonal influenza (flu) is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses and is characterized by signs and symptoms such as fever, cough (usually dry), headache, muscle and joint pain, severe malaise (feeling unwell), sore throat and a runny nose.
Most adults with uncomplicated influenza typically recover within a week without requiring medical attention, although cough and malaise can persist for 2 weeks or longer. Longer recovering period is more common among elderly patients, or patients with chronic lung disease. | [
"Most adults with uncomplicated influenza typically recover within a week without requiring medical attention.",
" Cough and malaise can persist for 2 weeks or longer after recovering from influenza."
] | [
"Seasonal influenza (flu) is characterized by signs and symptoms such as a runny nose.",
" Seasonal influenza (flu) is characterized by signs and symptoms such as sore throat.",
" Seasonal influenza (flu) is characterized by signs and symptoms such as muscle and joint pain.",
" Seasonal influenza (flu) is characterized by signs and symptoms such as a usually dry cough.",
" Seasonal influenza (flu) is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses.",
" Seasonal influenza (flu) is characterized by signs and symptoms such as fever.",
" Seasonal influenza (flu) is characterized by signs and symptoms such as headache.",
" Longer recovering period from influenza is more common among patients with chronic lung disease.",
" Seasonal influenza (flu) is characterized by signs and symptoms such as severe malaise (feeling unwell).",
" Longer recovering period from influenza is more common among elderly patients."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/seasonal-influenza-in-adults-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=influenza&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/acip/clinical.htm#:~:text=Uncomplicated%20influenza%20signs%20and%20symptoms,those%20with%20chronic%20lung%20disease.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal)#:~:text=Signs%20and%20symptoms&text=The%20cough%20can%20be%20severe,high%20risk%20(see%20below). | null |
How long would I be on Saxenda before I could move to the next dose? | It is recommended that adult patients start with a dose of 0.6 mg per day for one week. The dose is then increased by 0.6 mg each week over the following 4 weeks until the daily maintenance dose of 3 mg is reached. This dosing schedule is used to minimize the risk of gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. If a patient does not tolerate an increased dose during the dosing schedule, dose escalation can be delayed by one extra week. If the 3 mg daily maintenance dose is not tolerated, it is recommended that treatment be discontinued | [
"If a patient does not tolerate an increased dose of Saxenda during the dosing schedule, dose escalation can be delayed by one extra week.",
" The dose of Saxenda is increased by 0.6 mg each week over the following 4 weeks, until the daily maintenance dose of 3 mg is reached.",
" Adult patients are recommended to start with a dose of 0.6 mg per day of Saxenda for one week."
] | [
"If the 3 mg daily maintenance dose of Saxenda is not tolerated, it is recommended that treatment be discontinued.",
" The dosing schedule of Saxenda is used to minimize the risk of gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation."
] | https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=3946d389-0926-4f77-a708-0acb8153b143
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2023/206321s016lbl.pdf
https://www.drugs.com/dosage/saxenda.html | null |
How many pills of ibuprofen can I take? | Ibuprofen (Advil, Addaprin, Caldolor, Mortin) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in a variety of cases including inflammatory diseases, pain relief, and fever reduction. The number of pills that could be taken by a single person each day depends on the dose of each pill, the age of the patient, and his kidney function. Ibuprofen is sold in the US in tablets of 100 mg (for children), 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg, and 800 mg. In any case for a healthy adult, the maximum dose is 3.2 grams per day (e.g. up to 4 tablets of 800 mg each, one every six hours). In cases of chronic use, the maximum dose is 2.4 grams per day. In cases of kidney dysfunction, the normal adult dosage is fitted for short-term use. In severe kidney dysfunction, other drugs should be taken. For children under the age of 12 maximum daily dose is 40 mg/kg per day or up to 2.4 grams – whichever is less. For children 12-18 years old, the maximum dose is 2.4 grams per day. | [
"In cases of chronic use, the maximum dose of ibuprofen for a healthy adult is 2.4 grams per day.",
" The number of ibuprofen pills that could be taken by a single person each day depends on the dose of each pill, the age of the patient, and his kidney function.",
" For a healthy adult, the maximum dose of ibuprofen is 3.2 grams per day (e.g. up to 4 tablets of 800 mg each, one every six hours).",
" In cases of kidney dysfunction, the normal adult dosage of ibuprofen is fitted for short-term use.",
" In severe kidney dysfunction, other drugs should be taken instead of ibuprofen.",
" For children aged 12-18 years old, the maximum dose of ibuprofen is 2.4 grams per day.",
" For children under the age of 12, the maximum daily dose of ibuprofen is 40 mg/kg per day or up to 2.4 grams – whichever is less."
] | [
"Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in a variety of cases including inflammatory diseases, pain relief, and fever reduction.",
" Ibuprofen is sold in the US in tablets of 100 mg (for children), 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg, and 800 mg."
] | https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/ibuprofen-drug-information#F50988019 | Unspecified otitis externa, unspecified ear |
How much melatonin should i take at night? | There is no conclusive evidence and no official recommendation on the appropriate dosage of melatonin. Most studies show that a dose between 1-5 mg is usually effective in adults. The scientific data revolving around melatonin for treating sleep disorders is inconclusive regarding children and young adults and has shown efficacy mainly in older adults. You should consult with a healthcare provider before taking melatonin as it can interact with prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, and herbal remedies. If suffering from chronic sleep disorders, it is recommended to consult with a doctor or sleep specialist to receive a correct diagnosis and consider treatment such as cognitive behavioral therapy. | [
"There is no official recommendation on the appropriate dosage of melatonin.",
" Most studies show that a dose between 1-5 mg of melatonin is usually effective in adults."
] | [
"Consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended before taking melatonin as it can interact with prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines, and herbal remedies.",
" Synthetic melatonin reinforces the physiological signal to induce sleep.",
" The scientific data regarding melatonin for treating sleep disorders is inconclusive regarding children and young adults.",
" If suffering from chronic sleep disorders, it is recommended to consult with a doctor or sleep specialist to receive a correct diagnosis.",
" Melatonin is the main hormone involved in the control of the sleep-wake cycle.",
" Melatonin has shown efficacy mainly in older adults for treating sleep disorders.",
" Cognitive behavioral therapy is a considered treatment for chronic sleep disorders."
] | https://www.drugs.com/melatonin.html
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pharmacotherapy-for-insomnia-in-adults?search=melatonin&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~130&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H2582713949
https://www-clinicalkey-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S217358082030184X?returnurl=null&referrer=null
https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.meir.idm.oclc.org/9114843/
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-melatonin/art-20363071 | Major depressive disorder, single episode, moderate |
I am a 33 years old female with right lower abdominal pain , what could it be? | Possible causes for right lower abdominal pain in a young female include Appendicitis, Inflammatory bowel disease, Diverticulitis, Kidney stone, urinary tract infection, Ovarian cyst or torsion, Ectopic pregnancy, Pelvic inflammatory disease, and endometriosis. Seek medical attention if the pain is sudden, severe, persistent or accompanied by fever, nausea, vomiting, blood in urine or stool. | [
"A possible cause for right lower abdominal pain in a young female can be Urinary tract infection.",
" A possible cause for right lower abdominal pain in a young female can be Inflammatory bowel disease.",
" A possible cause for right lower abdominal pain in a young female can be Kidney stones.",
" A possible cause for right lower abdominal pain in a young female can be Diverticulitis.",
" A possible cause for right lower abdominal pain in a young female can be Appendicitis.",
" A possible cause for right lower abdominal pain in a young female can be Pelvic inflammatory disease.",
" A possible cause for right lower abdominal pain in a young female can be an Ovarian cyst or torsion.",
" Please seek medical attention if the pain is accompanied by nausea and vomiting.",
" Please seek medical attention if the pain is sudden and severe.",
" Please seek medical attention if you have noticed blood in your stool.",
" A possible cause for right lower abdominal pain in a young female can be Endometriosis.",
" Please seek medical attention if the pain is accompanied by a fever.",
" Please seek medical attention if you have noticed blood in your urine.",
" A possible cause for right lower abdominal pain in a young female can be Ectopic pregnancy.",
" Please seek medical attention if the pain does not go away or gets worse."
] | [] | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/4167-abdominal-pain#:~:text=Lower%20abdominal%20pain%20is%20most,Irritable%20bowel%20syndrome. | null |
I am a healthy adult but my ALT is elevated can this also cause diarrhea? | Elevated levels of ALT in the blood do not directly cause diarrhea. Alanine transaminase (ALT) is an enzyme found mainly in the liver. Elevated ALT levels may indicate liver injury or disease, which could be caused by a wide range of conditions, such as non alcoholic or alcoholic fatty liver, viral hepatitis and drugs adverse effects. Conditions that injure the liver may also cause gastrointestinal disturbances, including diarrhea. However, diarrhea can also be linked to conditions unrelated to the liver such as gastrointestinal infections. A healthcare provider will investigate abnormal liver enzyme levels and diarrhea by conducting a thorough physical examination, detailed history taking, blood tests, and an abdominal ultrasound if needed. Contact your healthcare provider if the diarrhea persists for more than 2 days without improvement or if you experience fever, severe pain, dehydration, or bloody stools. | [
"Contact your healthcare provider if the diarrhea persists for more than 2 days without improvement",
" Further investigations may be needed such as blood tests and an abdominal ultrasound for abnormal liver enzyme levels and diarrhea",
" Conditions that injure the liver may cause gastrointestinal disturbances, including diarrhea",
" A healthcare provider will investigate abnormal liver enzyme levels and diarrhea by conducting a physical examination and detailed history taking",
" Diarrhea can also be linked to conditions unrelated to the liver such as gastrointestinal infections",
" Elevated ALT levels may indicate liver injury or disease",
" Contact your healthcare provider if you experience fever, severe pain, dehydration or bloody stools"
] | [
"Liver injury or disease could be caused by viral hepatitis",
" Liver injury or disease could be caused by alcoholic liver disease",
" Liver injury or disease could be caused by non alcoholic liver disease",
" Liver injury or disease could be caused by inflammatory bowel disease",
" Liver injury or disease could be caused by celiac disease",
" Alanine transaminase (ALT) is an enzyme found mainly in the liver",
" Liver injury or disease could be caused by drugs"
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-patient-with-abnormal-liver-biochemical-and-function-tests#H19404863
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/22028-alanine-transaminase-alt
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-with-acute-diarrhea-in-resource-rich-settings
https://www.emjreviews.com/hepatology/article/liver-disorders-in-inflammatory-bowel-disease/
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations-of-celiac-disease-in-adults
https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/diarrhea/basics/when-to-see-doctor/sym-20050926 | null |
I am a young healthy adult, flying to Brazil next month. What vaccination should I take? | Before traveling to Brazil, it's important to get vaccinated for Yellow Fever and Typhoid, as well as ensuring you're up to date with routine vaccines such as Chickenpox (Varicella), Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis, Flu (influenza), Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR), Polio, Shingles, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and COVID-19. Additional vaccines may be necessary based on age, medical history, vaccination status, and the planned activities for your trip. | [
"A young healthy adult traveling to Brazil should get vaccinated for Yellow Fever",
" A young healthy adult traveling to Brazil should get vaccinated for Typhoid",
" Further vaccines may be needed depending on age, medical history, and vaccination status"
] | [
"A young healthy adult traveling to Brazil should be up to date with the Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine",
" A young healthy adult traveling to Brazil should be up to date with the Chickenpox (Varicella) vaccine",
" A young healthy adult traveling to Brazil should be up to date with the Flu (influenza) vaccine",
" A young healthy adult traveling to Brazil should be up to date with the Hepatitis B vaccine",
" A young healthy adult traveling to Brazil should be up to date with the Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis vaccine",
" A young healthy adult traveling to Brazil should be up to date with the Hepatitis A vaccine",
" A young healthy adult traveling to Brazil should be up to date with the COVID-19 vaccine",
" A young healthy adult traveling to Brazil should be up to date with the Shingles vaccine",
" A young healthy adult traveling to Brazil should be up to date with the Polio vaccine."
] | https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/brazil | null |
I am only 22 so am I not a bit young to have an enlarged prostate? | Enlarged prostate is a common condition that predominantly affects men over 50. In that population age, it is most commonly caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or, in rare cases, cancer. Symptoms of an enlarged prostate include frequent urination, difficulty urinating, pain, weak urine flow, and more. In sexually active young males, it can be a manifestation of prostatitis caused by a sexually transmitted infection. Therefore, it is highly recommended to seek medical evaluation and treatment, which will depend on the underlying cause. | [
"In sexually active young males prostatitis, inflammation of the prostate gland, can cause an enlarged prostate.",
" Enlarged prostate is a common condition that predominantly affects men over the age of 50.",
" Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common cause of an enlarged prostate in men over age 50.",
" In sexually active young males, enlarged prostate can be a manifestation of a sexually transmitted infection."
] | [
"Symptoms of an enlarged prostate may include pain.",
" Medical evaluation is recommended for symptoms of an enlarged prostate.",
" Treatment for enlarged prostate depends on the underlying cause.",
" Symptoms of an enlarged prostate may include a frequent need to pee.",
" In rare cases, cancer may be the cause of an enlarged prostate.",
" Symptoms of an enlarged prostate may include a weak flow of urine.",
" Symptoms of an enlarged prostate may include difficulty urinating."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-bacterial-prostatitis?search=prostatitis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~98&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H5
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prostate-problems/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5385860/ | null |
I believe Mounjaro is fda approved now? | Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) is an FDA-approved medication for lowering blood glucose levels in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. While it has been shown to aid in weight loss for overweight patients, clinical trials are ongoing and it has not yet been approved for this indication like other injectable medications such as Semaglutide (Wegovy) and Liraglutide (Saxenda). | [
"Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) is FDA-approved to decrease the blood glucose levels in adult patients with type 2 diabetes.",
" Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) is currently undergoing clinical trials for weight loss.",
" Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) has been has been found effective in helping overweight patients lose weight",
"Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) has not yet been approved by the FDA for weight loss indications."
] | [
"Semaglutide (Wegovy) is an FDA-approved injectable medication for weight loss.",
" Liraglutide (Saxenda) is an FDA-approved injectable medication for weight loss."
] | https://www.drugs.com/mounjaro.html
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tirzepatide-drug-information?search=mounjaro&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~6&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1# | null |
I dont believe the hydroxyzine is supposed to cure the poison Ivy, but maybe you could shed some light on that? | Antihistamines, including Hydroxyzine, are commonly used to alleviate symptoms associated with allergic reactions. However, they have limited efficacy in relieving symptoms of poison ivy. This is because exposure to poison ivy can cause contact dermatitis, which is a type of dermatitis that is not mediated by histamine. Instead, home remedies such as adding oatmeal to a bath, applying cool wet compresses, and using calamine lotion may help relieve itching. If these skin treatments do not alleviate the symptoms, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider for prescription creams and drugs, such as steroids. | [
"Antihistamine drugs such as Hydroxyzine are not effective in treating dermatitis caused by poison ivy.",
" Exposure to poison ivy can result in contact dermatitis.",
" Applying cool wet compresses is a possible skin treatment for dermatitis caused by poison ivy.",
" Applying calamine lotion may help to relieve itching caused by dermatitis from poison ivy.",
" Adding oatmeal to a bath is a possible skin treatment for dermatitis caused by poison ivy.",
" The dermatitis caused by poison ivy is not mediated through histamine."
] | [
"steroids may help alleviate symptoms of dermatitis caused by poison ivy."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/poison-ivy-beyond-the-basics#:~:text=Once%20the%20blisters%20begin%20weeping,caused%20by%20poison%20ivy%20dermatitis.
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/poison-ivy-toxicodendron-dermatitis?search=poison%20ivy%20treatment&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~26&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Irritant contact dermatitis due to plants, except food |
I have a fear of needles is there a way around the thyroid test? | The common thyroid function tests include serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations, which are measured in a blood sample. While non-invasive methods are being developed, blood sampling is the only way approved today. Using a numbing cream, such as 4% Lidocaine cream, can decrease the pain associated with blood drawing and might help to alleviate the fear of needles and blood draw. | [
"The only approved method for thyroid function testing today is blood sampling.",
" A numbing cream such as 4% Lidocaine can decrease the pain associated with blood drawing."
] | [
"The common thyroid function tests include measuring serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in a blood sample."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hypothyroidism-underactive-thyroid-beyond-the-basics?search=thyroid%20function%20tests&topicRef=7891&source=see_link
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hyperthyroidism-overactive-thyroid-beyond-the-basics?search=thyroid%20function%20tests&topicRef=7891&source=see_link
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24625051/#:~:text=The%20repeated%20tests%20on%20serum,may%20provide%20an%20effective%20alternative.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18237046/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10586-018-2044-z | null |
I have a question, can you be diagnosed with shingles more than once? | Shingles is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. This is the same virus that causes chickenpox, and it can resurface years or decades later as shingles multiple times, causing a blistering rash on the torso or the face. Other symptoms may include headache, fever, or fatigue. Doctors recommend that people over age 50 get vaccinated against the virus to reduce the risk of shingles. | [
"You can get shingles multiple times"
] | [
"Doctors recommend that people over age 50 consider being vaccinated against the varicella-zoster virus",
" Shingles may be accompanied by other symptoms, such as headache, fever, or fatigue",
" The varicella-zoster virus can re-emerge years or decades later as shingles",
" Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus",
" The risk of shingles starts to rise at age 50 and continues to increase over time",
" Symptoms of shingles include a painful blistering rash, most commonly on the torso or the side of your face."
] | https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/can-you-get-shingles-more-than-once#:~:text=Yes%3A%20although%20it's%20uncommon%2C%20you,check%20by%20your%20immune%20system. | Zoster without complications |
I have gout and my doctor told me to take colchicine, how should I take it? | The dosage of colchicine depends on whether it's indicated for acute gout attack or for prevention of future attacks:
For the prevention of gout attacks, adults should take 0.6 milligrams (mg) 1 or 2 times a day.
For treatment of gout attacks, adults should take 1.2 milligrams (mg) at the first sign of a gout attack, followed by 0.6 mg after 1 hour. Colchicine should be taken with food to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. In addition, Patients should avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while using colchicine. It is important to know that colchicine can interact with other medications. Therefore, if you take other medications, it is recommended to consult your doctor for possible interactions. | [
"For the prevention of gout attacks, adults should take 0.6 milligrams (mg) of colchicine 1 or 2 times a day.",
" Colchicine should be taken with food to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.",
" For treatment of gout attacks, adults should take 1.2 milligrams (mg) of colchicine at the first sign of a gout attack, followed by 0.6 mg after 1 hour."
] | [
"Colchicine can interact with other medications.",
" If you take other medications, it is recommended to consult your doctor for possible interactions with colchicine.",
" Patients should avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while using colchicine."
] | https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/colchicine-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20067653?p=1 | null |
I have one question If I take a probiotic Should it be taken at a different time of the antibiotic? | It is generally recommended to take probiotics at least 2 hours after antibiotics. Although probiotics may decrease the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, taking them together may reduce their effectiveness. There is no clear consensus on the benefits of taking probiotics with antibiotic treatment. | [
"It is generally recommended to take probiotics at least 2 hours after antibiotics",
" There is no clear consensus on the benefits of taking probiotics with antibiotic treatment."
] | [
"Probiotics may decrease the risk of developing antibiotic-associated diarrhea."
] | https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/probiotics-with-antibiotics-3121702/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36382780/
https://www.optibacprobiotics.com/learning-lab/in-depth/general-health/probiotics-with-antibiotics#Why%20take%20a%20probiotic%20with%20an%20antibiotic?
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.13404
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004827.pub5/full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7732679/
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/probiotics-may-offset-gut-damage-caused-by-antibiotics#What-are-probiotics? | Other specified disorders of teeth and supporting structures |
I started taking lisinopril yesterday. Should my blood pressure be normal by now? | The antihypertensive effects of lisinopril are usually noticeable within a few hours of taking it orally. The peak blood pressure reduction happens around 6 hours later. While taking the daily dosage, the blood pressure should decrease, but it may still be higher than the normal range. If, after a few weeks, the blood pressure remains high, the patient should consult a doctor as the treatment may need to be adjusted. | [
"While taking the daily dosage of Lisinopril, blood pressure should be lowered.",
" Blood pressure might still be higher than the normal range while taking Lisinopril.",
" Lisinopril's antihypertensive activity begins within several hours after the first oral administration.",
" If blood pressure is still higher than the normal range within a few weeks of taking Lisinopril, it is advised to consult a doctor."
] | [
"Lisinopril's peak reduction of blood pressure is achieved by approximately 6 hours."
] | https://khealth.com/learn/hypertension/how-quickly-lisinopril-lower-blood-pressure/ | null |
I was going to get some hydrocortisone cream but i read online its not safe to to apply on face? | Hydrocortisone cream can be used on the face under a doctor's supervision but with caution to minimize side effects. Apply a small amount in a thin layer and stop treatment once the condition is resolved. It is important to note that treatment with topical steroids generally should not exceed two weeks. | [
"Treatment with hydrocortisone should be stopped once the treated condition has resolved.",
" Under a doctor's recommendation and supervision, applying hydrocortisone cream on the face is considered safe.",
" To lower the chance of side effects, hydrocortisone cream should be applied in a thin layer.",
" To lower the chance of side effects, the duration of treatment with hydrocortisone should be short.",
" To lower the chance of side effects, only a small amount of hydrocortisone cream should be applied. ",
"treatment with topical steroids generally should not exceed two weeks."
] | [] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/topical-corticosteroids-use-and-adverse-effects?source=history#H2427996693
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/topical-corticosteroid-medicines-the-basics?topicRef=5565&source=see_link | Allergy, unspecified, initial encounter |
If I took trazodone when would be the best time to take it? | Trazodone (Trazodone) is an antideppresant prescription drug. Trazodone tablets can be either immediate or extanded release. Extended release trazadone is best taken before bedtime on an empty stomach, as it might cause drowsiness. Immediate-release Trazodone is best taken with or shortly after a meal to reduce gastrointestinal adverse reactions, lightheadedness, and postural hypotension. | [
"Immediate release Trazodone is best taken with or shortly after a meal.",
" Extended release trazodone is best taken before bedtime on an empty stomach.",
" Taking immediate release Trazodone with or shortly after a meal can reduce gastrointestinal adverse reactions.",
" Extended release trazodone might cause drowsiness.",
" Taking immediate release Trazodone with or shortly after a meal can reduce lightheadedness and postural hypotension."
] | [
"Trazodone tablets can be either immediate or extended release.",
" Trazodone is an antidepressant prescription drug."
] | https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/trazodone-oral-route/proper-use/drg-20061280
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search?search=trazodone&sp=0&searchType=PLAIN_TEXT&source=USER_PREF&searchControl=TOP_PULLDOWN&searchOffset=1&autoComplete=true&language=en&max=10&index=0~10&autoCompleteTerm=traza
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470560/#:~:text=Trazodone%20is%20an%20FDA%2Dapproved,in%20patients%20with%20sleep%20problems.
https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/trazodone/about-trazodone/ | Anxiety disorder, unspecified |
If it was Bv wouldnt the metrogel have worked? | Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common infectious vaginal pathology for which Metronidazole (Flagyl) is the first line treatment. Treatment response is anticipated in 70 to 80 percent of patients, and some patients may have symptoms that persist despite adequate diagnosis and treatment. Causes for treatment failure include inadequate treatment usage, reinfection, and antibiotic resistance, but not all causes are clear. If you keep experiencing symptoms after completing the treatment course, it is advisable to contact your healthcare provider for further assessment and treatment. | [
"Antibiotics resistance can cause treatment failure for bacterial vaginosis.",
" Reinfection can cause treatment failure for bacterial vaginosis.",
" Vaginal Metronidazole (MetroGel, Vandazole) is a possible treatment for bacterial vaginosis.",
" If you keep experiencing symptoms after completing the treatment course for bacterial vaginosis, it is advisable to contact your healthcare provider for further assessment and treatment.",
" Some patients may have symptoms that persist despite adequate diagnosis and treatment for bacterial vaginosis."
] | [
"Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common infectious vaginal pathology.",
" Not all causes for treatment failure for bacterial vaginosis are clear.",
" Treatment response for bacterial vaginosis is anticipated in 70 to 80 percent of patients.",
" Oral Clindamycin (Cleocin) is a possible treatment for bacterial vaginosis.",
" Vaginal Clindamycin (Cleocin Vaginal, ClindaMax) is a possible treatment for bacterial vaginosis.",
" Oral Metronidazole (Flagyl) is a possible treatment for bacterial vaginosis."
] | https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/44/2/220/330015
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-vaginosis-initial-treatment?search=bacterial%20vaginosis%20treatment&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~117&usage_type=default&display_rank=2
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-vaginosis-recurrent-infection | Vaginitis, vulvitis and vulvovaginitis in diseases classified elsewhere |
If the muscle aches continue without exercising, should I be concerned? | If your muscle ache continues without exercising, you should consult with your healthcare provider in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis. There are many causes of muscle aches, including overuse injury, trauma, viral and bacterial infections, medications, and rheumatic disease. Your doctor will take a full history, perform a physical examination, and possibly request laboratory studies and imaging. | [
"If muscle ache continues without exercising, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis."
] | [
"Viral infections can be a cause of muscle aches.",
" Overuse injury can be a cause of muscle aches.",
" Bacterial infections can be a cause of muscle aches.",
" Rheumatic disease can be a cause of muscle aches.",
" Imaging may be requested in the diagnostic process for muscle aches.",
" Laboratory studies may be requested in the diagnostic process for muscle aches.",
" Trauma can be a cause of muscle aches.",
" Certain medications can be a cause of muscle aches."
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-patient-with-myalgia?search=muscle%20ache%20without%20exercise&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | Other specified anxiety disorders |
If the side effects of the Prozac become too much is there a wean down period I would have to go through or would I be able to stop it immediately? | It is typically recommended to avoid abruptly discontinuing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as this may result in unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. While Prozac has a lower risk of such symptoms, it is still advisable to gradually reduce doses of 20mg over a period of 1-2 weeks before stopping completely. Any change in your treatment plan should be done under your healthcare provider's guidance and supervision. | [
"If experiencing unpleasant side effects from Prozac, it is recommended to avoid abruptly discontinuing the medication",
"Abrupt discontinuation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may result in withdrawal symptoms",
"Prozac has a lower risk of withdrawal symptoms compared to other SSRIs",
"It is advisable to gradually reduce Prozac doses of 20mg over a period of 1-2 weeks before stopping completel",
"Any change in your treatment plan should be done under your healthcare provider's guidance and supervision. "
] | [] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/discontinuing-antidepressant-medications-in-adults?search=fluoxetine%20withdrawal&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841913/
https://khealth.com/learn/antidepressants/how-long-does-prozac-stay-in-your-system/
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fluoxetine-drug-information?search=fluoxetine&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~149&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1 | Major depressive disorder, single episode, unspecified |
If this is just muscle strain, how many days should I expect the pain to go away? | If a muscle is stretched too much or too quickly, or if it is overworked, a muscle strain can occur. This can happen during an exercise or as a result of an accident. The time it takes to recover fully from a muscle strain depends on various factors, including the severity and location of the injury, your personal health history, and age. Mild strains can cause discomfort lasting from several days to several weeks, while severe strains can last for months. To reduce symptoms, rest the muscle, apply ice to the affected area, wrap the muscle with an elastic bandage, and take medication to relieve pain and swelling. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) are examples of such medications. Contact a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following: inability to move the injured muscle due to pain, worsening pain or swelling, recurrent strain of the same muscle, new symptoms, or symptoms that persist for more than two weeks. | [
"If a muscle is stretched too much or too quickly, or if it is overworked, a muscle strain can occur",
"Muscle strains can happen during exercise or as a result of an accident",
"Recovery time from a muscle strain depends on factors such as severity, location, personal health history, and age",
"Mild muscle strains can cause discomfort lasting from several days to several weeks",
"Severe muscle strains can last for months",
"Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) are examples of medications to relieve pain and swelling from a muscle strain",
"Contact a healthcare provider if you experience inability to move the injured muscle due to pain",
"Contact a healthcare provider if you experience worsening pain or swelling",
"Contact a healthcare provider if you experience recurrent strain of the same muscle",
"Contact a healthcare provider if you experience new symptoms",
"Contact a healthcare provider if symptoms persist for more than two weeks"
] | [
"To reduce symptoms of a muscle strain, rest the muscle",
"To reduce symptoms of a muscle strain, apply ice to the affected area",
"To reduce symptoms of a muscle strain, wrap the muscle with an elastic bandage"
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/muscle-strain-the-basics?search=muscle%20strain&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~127&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22336-muscle-strains
https://www.afcurgentcaremonroerd.com/how-long-does-pain-from-a-pulled-muscle-last/
https://starkvilleurgentcareclinic.com/muscle-strains-know-how-long-they-take-to-heal/
https://www.drugs.com/cg/muscle-strain.html#:~:text=For%20mild%20and%20moderate%20muscle,ice%20on%20the%20injured%20area. | null |
Im confused what creatinine? | The body produces creatinine as a byproduct of muscle cells breaking down creatine phosphate for energy. The kidneys filter creatinine out of the blood and eliminate it through urine. Creatinine levels that are high in the blood and low in urine may indicate kidney problems. Doctors can use creatinine levels, along with patient age, gender, and race, to calculate eGFR, which helps assess kidney function. Healthcare providers may request creatinine testing as part of a regular check-up or if kidney disease is suspected. It's worth noting that intense exercise and some medications can lead to temporarily elevated serum creatinine levels.
| [
"Creatinine is a byproduct of muscle cells breaking down creatine phosphate for energy",
"The kidneys filter creatinine out of the blood and eliminate it through urine",
"High creatinine levels in the blood and low levels in urine may indicate kidney problems",
"Intense exercise can lead to temporarily elevated serum creatinine levels",
"Some medications can lead to temporarily elevated serum creatinine level"
] | [
"Healthcare providers may request creatinine testing as part of a regular check-up or if kidney disease is suspected",
" Doctors can use creatinine levels, along with patient age, gender, and race, to calculate eGFR, which helps assess kidney function"
] | https://labtestsonline.org.uk/tests/creatinine
https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatinine-test/
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/professionals/clinical-tools-patient-management/kidney-disease/laboratory-evaluation/frequently-asked-questions | null |
In any case, is a product like abreva still good to use for cold sore treatment? | Docosanol (Abreva) is a topical antiviral treatment that can be purchased over the counter to help soothe cold sores or fever blisters on the face and lips. It's important to note that studies have produced mixed results regarding the efficacy of Abreva. In addition, Abreva does not cure HSV1 or HSV2 or prevent the virus from spreading. Typically, cold sores will resolve by themselves within a few days, but you can take medication to alleviate symptoms, such as local topical anesthetics like lidocaine. If you experience more severe recurrences, oral antiviral medication like acyclovir (Zovirax) may be prescribed. | [
"Cold sores are usually self-limited and recover whithin a few days.",
" Studies show conflicted data regarding the potential benefits of Docosanol (Abreva) for treating cold sores.",
" Docosanol (Abreva) is an over-the-counter antiviral topical treatment for cold sores or fever blisters on the face and lips.",
" In occasional and more severe recurrence of cold sores, oral antiviral medication such as acyclovir (zovirax) is an optional treatment.",
" Docosanol (Abreva) does not cure HSV1 and does not prevent the passing of the virus.",
" Docosanol (Abreva) does not cure HSV2 and does not prevent the passing of the virus."
] | [
"Medication such as local topical anesthetics like lidocaine could be taken to relieve symptoms of cold sores."
] | https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/docosanol-drug-information?search=abreva&topicRef=8287&source=see_link#F162115
https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/treatment-and-prevention-of-herpes-simplex-virus-type-1-in-immunocompetent-adolescents-and-adults?search=docosanol&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~3&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 | null |
In case it does turn out to be fungal, would it be bad to pick up an OTC anti-fungal like Tinactin to apply to the area or would that be a bad idea? | If you have a fungal infection like athlete's foot, jock itch or ringworm, you can use over-the-counter topical antifungal drugs such as Tinactin to treat it. Apply the medication once or twice a day until the infection goes away, which usually takes around four weeks.
If topical antifungal therapy doesn't work or the infection is severe, your doctor may prescribe oral systemic antifungal therapy, with drugs like terbinafine and itraconazole.
For fungal nail infections, topical treatment options are limited to specific medications like Efinaconazole that are designed for nail disease. Alternatively, your doctor may prescribe oral terbinafine to treat the infection. | [
"If you have a fungal infection like athlete's foot, you can use over-the-counter topical antifungal drugs such as Tinactin to treat it",
"If you have a fungal infection like jock itch, you can use over-the-counter topical antifungal drugs such as Tinactin to treat it",
"If you have a fungal infection like ringworm, you can use over-the-counter topical antifungal drugs such as Tinactin to treat it",
"For fungal nail infections, topical treatment options are limited to specific medications like Efinaconazole that are designed for nail disease"
] | [
"Apply Tinactin once or twice a day until the infection goes away, which usually takes around four weeks",
"If topical antifungal therapy doesn't work or the infection is severe, your doctor may prescribe oral systemic antifungal therapy, with drugs like terbinafine and itraconazole",
" Alternatively, your doctor may prescribe oral terbinafine to treat fungal nail infections"
] | https://www.drugs.com/search.php?searchterm=Tinactin&a=1
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/dermatophyte-tinea-infections?search=antifungals&source=search_result&selectedTitle=6~148&usage_type=default&display_rank=6#H300483
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tolnaftate-drug-information?search=tinactin&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~3&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1 | Anal fissure, unspecified |
Is Augmentin the same thing as Amoxcicilin? | Augmentin is an antibacterial medication which is consisted of two active drugs: amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic from the penicillin family, which is used against certain bacterial infections. Some bacteria developed mechanisms of resistance to amoxicillin effect. The added-on compound of clavulanic acid inhibits some of these mechanisms which results in amoxicillin having a broader spectrum of anti-bacterial activity. | [
"Augmentin is an antibacterial medication composed of two active drugs: amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.",
" Clavulanic acid, a component of Augmentin, inhibits some mechanisms of bacterial resistance to amoxicillin."
] | [
"Amoxicillin is an antibiotic from the penicillin family, used against certain bacterial infections.",
" Some bacteria have developed mechanisms of resistance to amoxicillin."
] | https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/amoxicillin-and-clavulanate-drug-information#F134594 | null |
Is Buspar a good medicine to take with the Zoloft? | Both Buspirone (Buspar) and Sertraline (Zoloft) elevate the serotonin levels in the brain.
This combination may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a serious and life-threatening condition. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, tremors, sweating, high fever, muscle stiffness, seizures, and abnormal or rapid heartbeat. Patients taking both medications should be closely monitored for any of these symptoms. If you suspect serotonin syndrome, seek immediate medical attention. | [
"Buspirone (Buspar) and Sertraline (Zoloft) both elevate serotonin levels in the brain",
"Combining Buspirone (Buspar) and Sertraline (Zoloft) may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome",
"Seek immediate medical attention if you suspect serotonin syndrome"
] | [
"Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can include diarrhea.",
" Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can include high fever.",
" Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can include tremor.",
" Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can include vomiting.",
" Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can include seizures.",
" Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can include abnormal or rapid heartbeat.",
" Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can include nausea.",
" Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can include sweating.",
" Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can include muscle stiffness.",
" Serotonin syndrome is a serious and life-threatening condition",
"Patients taking both Buspirone (Buspar) and Sertraline (Zoloft) should be closely monitored for symptoms of serotonin syndrome"
] | https://www.uptodate.com/contents/buspirone-drug-information?search=buspar&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~80&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F143260
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/buspirone-drug-information?search=buspar&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~80&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1#F143260
https://www.uptodate.com/drug-interactions/?source=responsive_home#di-document
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/20084-buspirone-tablets
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17687-serotonin-syndrome | Other specified depressive episodes |
Is Saxenda a daily injection? | Saxenda is an injection given once a day under the skin (subcutaneous) from a multi-dose injection pen, and it is suitable for self-injection after receiving a proper explanation about how to do so. | [
"Saxenda is administered as a daily injection.",
" Saxenda is delivered from a multi-dose injection pen."
] | [
"Saxenda is injected under the skin (subcutaneously).",
" Saxenda is suitable for self-injection after proper instruction."
] | https://www.drugs.com/saxenda.html
https://www.saxenda.com/about-saxenda/dosing-schedule.html | null |
Is Valtrex the same thing as valacyclovir? | Valtrex is the US brand name for valacyclovir, used to treat shingles and chickenpox – both caused by the varicella-zoster virus. | [
"Valtrex is the US brand name for the drug valacyclovir."
] | [
"Valacyclovir is used to treat shingles and chickenpox.",
" Shingles and chickenpox are both caused by the varicella zoster virus."
] | https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/valacyclovir-drug-information#F232777 | Herpesviral vesicular dermatitis |
Is accutane like an antibiotic and would it affect a baby if I got pregnant? | Isotretinoin (Accutane) is a form of vitamin A that helps to reduce the amount of oil produced by your skin's oil glands, but it's not an antibiotic. This drug is used to treat severe acne that has not responded to other treatments. It's important to note that this medication can cause severe birth defects or even fetus death if taken during pregnancy. It's crucial to have a negative pregnancy test before starting Isotretinoin and to use two forms of birth control throughout the treatment. If you're considering becoming pregnant or are already pregnant, you should speak to your healthcare provider about alternatives. | [
"Isotretinoin (Accutane) works by reducing the amount of oil released by oil glands in the skin.",
" Isotretinoin (Accutane) is a form of vitamin A, not an antibiotic drug.",
" Two forms of birth control are required to prevent pregnancy while taking Isotretinoin (Accutane).",
" Consultation with a healthcare provider is necessary about any chance of present or planned pregnancy and about alternatives before taking Isotretinoin (Accutane).",
" A single dose of Isotretinoin (Accutane) can cause severe birth defects or death of a baby.",
" A negative pregnancy test is required before taking Isotretinoin (Accutane)."
] | [
"Isotretinoin (Accutane) is used to treat severe acne that has not responded to other treatments, including antibiotics."
] | https://www.drugs.com/accutane.html
https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/isotretinoin-capsules/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/19186-isotretinoin-capsules | Acne, unspecified |
Is blepharitis contagious? | Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelid that causes red, swollen, and irritated eyelids. The exact cause of blepharitis is unknown, but it might be associated with bacterial buildup, seborrheic dermatitis, clogged oil glands in the eyelids, rosacea, allergies, and eyelash mites. While it could be caused by bacterial buildup on the eyelids, that bacteria is normal skin bacteria, which can not transfer and infect other people. Therefore, blepharitis is not a contagious disease. | [
"Blepharitis is not contagious"
] | [
"Blepharitis might be associated with seborrheic dermatitis.",
" Blepharitis might be associated with allergies.",
" Blepharitis might be associated with rosacea.",
" Blepharitis might be associated with other reasons.",
" Blepharitis might be associated with clogged oil glands in the eyelids.",
" Blepharitis might be associated with eyelash mites.",
" The bacteria involved in blepharitis is normal skin bacteria.",
" Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelid that causes red, swollen, and irritated eyelids.",
" The bacteria involved in blepharitis cannot transfer and infect other people.",
" Blepharitis could be caused by bacterial buildup on the eyelids."
] | https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/blepharitis
https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/is-blepharitis-contagious
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/blepharitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370141 | Unspecified blepharitis unspecified eye, unspecified eyelid |
Is flu test same as influenza test ? | The flu test and the influenza test are the same thing. "Flu" is a common name for an acute respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. If you experience a sudden fever, cough, and muscle aches during the winter months, it's likely that you have influenza. In such cases, an influenza test can be taken to confirm the diagnosis. However, in most cases, there's no need for a test since the symptoms during flu season are enough to diagnose the illness. The illness is self-limited in individuals under 65 years of age who are normally healthy. However, older patients or those at higher risk for complications may need a test. To perform the test, a sample is collected from the throat or nose and analyzed in the lab using RT-PCR or antigen immunofluorescence assays. | [
"Flu is the common name for an acute respiratory illness caused by the virus influenza.",
" Flu test is the same as influenza test."
] | [
"In patients above age 65 or patients with high risk for complications, a flu test is in order.",
" Flu test includes performing a molecular assay in the lab using RT-PCR or antigen immunofluorescence assays.",
" Flu test includes collecting a sample from throat or nose.",
" Abrupt fever, cough and muscle aches during the winter raise a high suspicion for influenza.",
" In most cases, there is no need to test for flu since the clinical presentation during flu season is enough to make a diagnosis."
] | https://www-uptodate-com.meir.idm.oclc.org/contents/seasonal-influenza-in-adults-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=influenza%20diagnosis§ionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H4280894726&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~150&display_rank=1#H4280894726 | null |
Is ibuprofen a part of tylenol? | Ibuprofen( Advil, Motrin) and Acetaminophen (Tylenol) are common pain and fever relievers. Whilst the two drugs share some similar features, the active ingredient is different, and Ibuprofen is not a part of Acetaminophen. | [
"The active ingredient in Ibuprofen is different from that in Acetaminophen.",
" Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) is not a part of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)."
] | [
"Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and Acetaminophen (Tylenol) are common pain and fever relievers."
] | https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/ibuprofen-for-adults/
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acetaminophen-paracetamol-drug-information?search=tylenol&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~149&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ibuprofen-drug-information?search=ibuprofen&source=panel_search_result&selectedTitle=1~149&usage_type=panel&kp_tab=drug_general&display_rank=1 | Unspecified diseases of pulp and periapical tissues |
Is it common to have an abscess with no pain? | An abscess is a pocket of pus that can develop anywhere in your body, including the skin, mouth, and internal organs. Typically, pain is the primary symptom of an abscess, and it is often what prompts patients to seek medical help. However, some abscesses can be painless due to factors like size, location, and the patient's individual characteristics. If you suspect that you have an abscess, it is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment. Medical intervention is usually necessary for abscesses. | [
"Not experiencing pain does not exclude the presence of an abscess.",
" If you suspect you might have an abscess, you should consult your healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.",
" A common symptom of an abscess is pain.",
" Less commonly, an abscess can be painless due to its location, size, patient's characteristics and other causes."
] | [
"An abscess is a pocket of pus that can form almost anywhere in your body including the skin, mouth and internal organs.",
" Abscesses usually require a medical intervention.",
" Pain is often the reason patients with an abscess seek medical attention."
] | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22876-abscess#:~:text=An%20abscess%20is%20a%20pocket,up%20within%20the%20damaged%20tissue.
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/skin-abscesses-in-adults-treatment?search=abscess&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~108&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/brain-abscess-a-to-z
https://www.gentledentalmenomonie.com/not-just-pulp-fiction-the-truth-about-dental-abscesses/ | Acute lymphadenitis, unspecified |
End of preview.
K-QA
We are excited to announce the release of K-QA!
This benchmark consists of two parts: a medium-scale corpus of diverse real-world medical inquiries written by patients on K Health (an AI-driven clinical platform), and a subset of carefully crafted answers annotated by a team of in-house medical experts.
The dataset comprises 201 questions and answers, containing over 1,589 ground-truth statements. Additionally, we provide 1,212 authentic patient questions.
For further details, refer to the paper.
The recommended evaluation scheme for fine-grained evaluation can be found here
Cite Us
@misc{manes2024kqa,
title={K-QA: A Real-World Medical Q&A Benchmark},
author={Itay Manes and Naama Ronn and David Cohen and Ran Ilan Ber and Zehavi Horowitz-Kugler and Gabriel Stanovsky},
year={2024},
eprint={2401.14493},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
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