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[ "a presidential representative democratic republic", "\"flawed democracy\"", "presidential representative democratic republic" ]

[ { "title": "Politics of El Salvador", "text": "Politics of El Salvador takes place in land a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of El Salvador is both head of state and head of government, and of an Executive power is exercised by the government.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "El Salvador", "text": "the Legislative Assembly. The country also has an independent Judiciary and Supreme Court. El Salvador has a multi-party system. Two political parties, the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) have tended to dominate elections. ARENA candidates won four consecutive presidential elections until the election of Mauricio Funes of the FMLN in March 2009. The FMLN Party is Leftist in ideology, and is split between the dominant Marxist-Leninist faction in the legislature, and the social liberal wing led by President Funes. Geographically, the departments of the Central region, especially the capital and the coastal regions,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "120459", "score": "1.1194727", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Politics of El Salvador", "text": "Front (FMLN) have tended to dominate elections. ARENA candidates won four consecutive presidential elections until the election of Mauricio Funes of the FMLN in March 2009. Geographically, the departments of the Central region, especially the capital and the coastal regions, known as departamentos rojos, or red departments, are relatively Leftist. The departamentos azules, or blue departments in the east, western and highland regions are relatively conservative. El Salvador elects its head of state – the President of El Salvador – directly through a fixed-date general election whose winner is decided by absolute majority. If an absolute majority (50% + 1)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "120535", "score": "1.0568585", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Elections in El Salvador", "text": "may run for a second, non-consecutive term. Salvadorans also elect a single-chamber, unicameral national legislature – the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador – composed of 84 members (deputies). They are elected by open-list proportional representation for three-year terms, with the possibility of immediate re-election. All 84 seats in the Legislative Assembly are elected on the basis of 14 multi-member constituencies (corresponding to El Salvador's 14 departments). They range from 3-16 seats each according to department population size. El Salvador has a multi-party system. Two political parties, the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4484876", "score": "1.0284059", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Politics of El Salvador", "text": "Legislative Assembly are elected on the basis of a single national constituency. The remaining 64 are elected in 14 multi-member constituencies (corresponding to El Salvador's 14 departments). They range from 3-16 seats each according to department population size. The Judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court, is composed of 15 judges, one of them being elected as President of the Judiciary. El Salvador is a member of the United Nations and several of its specialized agencies, the Organization of American States (OAS), the Central American Common Market (CACM), the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN), and the Central American Integration System (SICA). It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "120537", "score": "1.0252641", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "El Carrizal, El Salvador", "text": "was in power during the last few wars of the Civil War (ARENA 2007). The Frente Farabundo Marti para La Liberacion Nacional (Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front—FMLN) the socialist party, is the direct descendent of the guerrilla troops that fought against the Salvadoran government, and was legally constituted as a political party on September 1, 1992 (Stahler-Sholk 1994:3). Since the Civil War the two have remained the country’s principal political parties, still divided by the left-right binary. Today ARENA describes itself as a party in whose “forming principals express that a democratic and representational system, which guarantees the freedom of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11272068", "score": "1.0234056", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "El Salvador", "text": "It is estimated that there are 500 species of birds, 1,000 species of butterflies, 400 species of orchids, 800 species of trees, and 800 species of marine fish in El Salvador. The 1983 Constitution is the highest legal authority in the country. El Salvador has a democratic and representative government, whose three bodies are: After the Civil War, the Chapultepec Peace Accords (1992) created the new National Civil Police, the Attorney for the Defense of Human Rights and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal. The Peace Accords re-imagined the \"Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional\" (FMLN) as a political party and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "120457", "score": "1.0231295", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Chalatenango, El Salvador", "text": "two have remained the country’s principal political parties, still divided by the left-right binary. Today ARENA describes itself as a party in whose “forming principals express that a democratic and representational system, which guarantees the freedom of action and the consequences of individual peaceful goals, are the quickest and stablest path to achieve integral development of the nation”. The FMLN “has begun to take steps…to act as a consequence of the historically created challenges, in order to make the party an organization of ‘social fighters…’and ‘to unify more’ the struggle for power. Other political parties in El Salvador include The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11271919", "score": "1.018238", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Politics of El Salvador", "text": "is not achieved by any candidate in the first round of a presidential election, then a run-off pool election is conducted 30 days later between the two candidates who obtained the most votes in the first round. The presidential period is five years. Consecutive re-election is not permitted, though previously elected presidents may run for a second, non-consecutive term. Salvadorans also elect a single-chamber, unicameral national legislature – the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador – of 84 members (deputies) elected by closed-list proportional representation for three-year terms, with the possibility of immediate re-election. Twenty of the 84 seats in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "120536", "score": "1.0154625", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Education in El Salvador", "text": "live below the poverty line. At the moment, efforts are being made to reduce unemployment by boosting economic growth. Due to poverty, many young people tend to violence, which is why they put less focus on education. El Salvador is one of the most violent countries in Latin America. Between 1980 and 1992 there was a civil war, which cost more than 75,000 lives. Since 1992, more than 50,000 people have been murdered, reflecting the level of violence that has barely declined since the Civil War. 81% of the murdered were between 18 and 39 years of age, 82% of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6148236", "score": "1.0146124", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "El Salvador", "text": "known as departamentos rojos, or red departments, are relatively Leftist. The departamentos azules, or blue departments in the east, western and highland regions are relatively conservative. The winner of the 2014 presidential election, Salvador Sánchez Cerén belongs to the FMLN party. In the 2015 elections for mayors and members of the National Assembly, ARENA appeared to be the winner with tight control of the National Assembly. In November, 1950 El Salvador helped the newly empowered 14th Dalai Lama by supporting his Tibetan Government cabinet minister's telegram requesting an appeal before the General Assembly of the United Nations to stop the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "120460", "score": "1.011174", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "History of El Salvador (1931–79)", "text": "of the presidential race, however, since Sanchez won an absolute majority. In general terms, though, the 1967 elections demonstrated increased voter participation and a growing acceptance of the political process as a legitimate means of popular expression. Like many other conflicts in Salvadoran history, the 1969 war with Honduras, sometimes referred to as the Football War, was rooted in economic disparity. El Salvador is a small country with a large and rapidly growing population and a severely limited amount of available land. Honduras is a larger country with a smaller population and a less-developed economy. By 1969 some 300,000 Salvadorans", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15212383", "score": "1.0002259", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "El Carrizal, El Salvador", "text": "action and the consequences of individual peaceful goals, are the quickest and stablest path to achieve integral development of the nation” (ARENA 2007). The FMLN “has begun to take steps…to act as a consequence of the historically created challenges, in order to make the party an organization of ‘social fighters…’and ‘to unify more’ the struggle for power (Comisión Nacional de Educación Política 2002). Other political parties in El Salvador include The Christian Democratic Party, The United Democratic Center, and The Party of National Conciliation. The mayor of El Carrizal is Tulio Ernesto Casco, of the FMLN party. 83% of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11272069", "score": "0.9953617", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "El Salvador", "text": "field. Universities in El Salvador include a central public institution, the Universidad de El Salvador, and many other specialised private universities. Since the early twenty-first century, El Salvador has experienced high crime rates, including gang-related crimes and juvenile delinquency. El Salvador has the highest murder rate in the world. It is also considered an epicenter of a gang crisis, along with Guatemala and Honduras. In response to this, the government has set up countless programs to try to guide the youth away from gang membership; so far its efforts have not produced any quick results. One of the government programs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "120495", "score": "0.99284714", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Christian Democratic Party (El Salvador)", "text": "the 12 March 2006 legislative election, the party won 6.8% of the popular vote and 6 out of 84 seats. The party had a similar level of support for the 2009 legislative elections, winning 6% of the vote and 5 seats. The Christian Democratic Party is the longest lasting of El Salvador's two leading parties. It was the left-of-center party while the Party of National Conciliation was right-of-center. With the rise of more socialist and communist parties in El Salvador, it became more of a centrist party. During the civil war, many leaders of the PDC who were more left-leaning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5565782", "score": "0.99228215", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Legislative Assembly of El Salvador", "text": "to the Assembly, candidates must be (Art. 126, Constitution): El Salvador also returns 20 deputies to the supranational Central American Parliament, also elected according to closed-list proportional representation from a single national constituency. Legislative Assembly of El Salvador The Legislative Assembly (Spanish: \"\") is the legislative branch of the government of El Salvador. The Salvadoran legislature is a unicameral body. It is made up of 84 deputies, all of whom are elected by direct popular vote according to open-list proportional representation to serve three-year terms and are eligible for immediate re-election. Of these, 64 are elected in 14 multi-seat constituencies,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4739660", "score": "0.98614734", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Salvadoran Americans", "text": "high level of violence, El Salvador has transformed itself into a stable democracy and a success story in economic development. U.S.-Salvadoran relations remain close and strong. U.S. policy towards the country promotes the strengthening of El Salvador's democratic institutions, rule of law, judicial reform, and civilian police; national reconciliation and reconstruction; and economic opportunity and growth. El Salvador has been a committed member of the coalition of nations fighting against terrorism and has sent 10 rotations of troops to Iraq to support Operation Iraqi Freedom. On August 26, 2011 Ambassador Mari Carmen Aponte joined Salvadoran Minister of Defense David Munguía", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10307041", "score": "0.9843401", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Nueva Esparta, El Salvador", "text": "war and most of the post-war period. The Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) the socialist party, is the direct descendent of the communist guerrilla troops that fought against the Salvadoran government, and was legally constituted as a political party on September 1, 1992. Since the Civil War the two have remained the country’s principal political parties, still divided by the left-right binary. The La Unión department of El Salvador has traditionally leaned heavily conservative; indeed, not a single Municipal Government in La Unión is controlled by an FMLN mayor. Likewise, in Nueva Esparta, the local political competition is generally", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11602754", "score": "0.9840286", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Government of El Salvador", "text": "years, and re-election is not permitted. The executive branch of the government of El Salvador consists of the following departments, each led by a minister: The Ministry of Defence of El Salvador commands the armed forces, consisting of the following branches: The Salvadoran legislature is a unicameral body. It is made up of 84 deputies, all of whom are elected by direct popular vote according to closed-list proportional representation to serve three-year terms and are eligible for immediate re-election. Of these, 64 are elected in 14 multi-seat constituencies, corresponding to the country's 14 departments, which return between 3 and 16", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13546631", "score": "0.98312217", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Legislative Assembly of El Salvador", "text": "Legislative Assembly of El Salvador The Legislative Assembly (Spanish: \"\") is the legislative branch of the government of El Salvador. The Salvadoran legislature is a unicameral body. It is made up of 84 deputies, all of whom are elected by direct popular vote according to open-list proportional representation to serve three-year terms and are eligible for immediate re-election. Of these, 64 are elected in 14 multi-seat constituencies, corresponding to the country's 14 departments, which return between 3 and 16 deputies each. The remaining 20 deputies are selected on the basis of a single national constituency. To be eligible for election", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4739659", "score": "0.98279506", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "El Carrizal, El Salvador", "text": "ACE and the school in the urban area has a CDE. There are also several different committees and boards that administer water services, sports activities) In total there are 630 houses in the municipality. 200 (32%) are made of cement blocks, brick, and cement; 422 (67%) are made out of adobe; and 8 (1%) are a material similar to adobe, called bahareque. There are two main political parties in El Salvador, whose roots lie in the Civil War (Foley 2006, Stahler-Sholk 1994). The main right-wing party is La Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (Nactionalist Republican Alliance—ARENA), founded on September 30, 1981, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11272067", "score": "0.98276484", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Salvadoran Americans", "text": "Plan that will steer the partnership moving forward. The recent 2009 elections resulted in the election of the leftist Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) party over the ARENA party that had been in power since 1992. ARENA supporters argued that the victory of FMLN would result in retaliation from the United States and lead to political reforms similar to those in Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela despite the U.S official neutral position. An Obama visit to El Salvador symbolized its acceptance of the new government and show to other Latin American countries that it will maintain strong ties despite the change", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10307036", "score": "0.9807176", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Constitution of El Salvador", "text": "parties had drawn approximately 52 percent of the total popular vote. The moderate Christian Democratic Party (\"Partido Democrata Cristiano\" or PDC) garnered 35.5 percent. These results equated to 24 seats for the PDC and 36 seats for a loose right-wing coalition made up of the Nationalist Republican Alliance (\"Alianza Republicana Nacionalista\" or \"Arena\"), the National Conciliation Party (\"Partido de Conciliacion Nacional\" or PCN), Democratic Action (\"Accion Democratica\", or AD), the Salvadoran Popular Party (\"Partido Popular Salvadoreno\" or PPS) and the Popular Orientation Party (\"Partido de Orientacion Popular\" or POP). Representatives of these five parties issued a manifesto in March 1982,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13545441", "score": "0.9802653", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Christian Democratic Party (El Salvador)", "text": "The vice presidential candidate lives in the United States and has campaigned promising to give Salvadorans abroad the opportunity to vote in future presidential elections. While the party was technically to be disbanded after the 2004 election, in which its candidate did not gather the necessary 3% of the vote, it was allowed to hold on to its registration by decree; this decree was declared unconstitutional on 30 April 2011, and the party was thus disbanded. The PDC was effectively replaced by the \"Party of Hope\", which was registered with the National Electoral Tribunal in October 2011. In September 2012", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5565784", "score": "0.9780239", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Economy of El Salvador", "text": "that would shape the political situation of El Salvador in the years to come. ARENA governments have followed policies that intend to develop other exporting industries in the country as textiles and sea products. Tourism is another industry Salvadoran authorities regard as a possibility for the country. But rampant crime rates, lack of infrastructure and inadequate social capital have prevented these possibilities from being properly exploited. The government is also developing ports and infrastructure in La Unión in the east of the country, in order to use the area as a \"dry canal\" for transporting goods from Gulf of Fonseca", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "120553", "score": "0.97480875", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Education in El Salvador", "text": "Education in El Salvador Education in El Salvador follows a (1 or 2) 9-2-5 educational system, which is regulated by the country's Ministry of Education: According to statistics, only 82% of children make it to 9th grade. 6% of the children in El Salvador, do not attend school at all. Children who have finished 9th grade can go to secondary school, but only 33% will. The distribution of students is 79% men and 73% women. El Salvador has a very high crime rate and high gang violence, 300,000 young people between the ages of 15 and 24 have no jobs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6148230", "score": "0.97203326", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Chalatenango, El Salvador", "text": "people have returned to repopulate the municipality. There are two main political parties in El Salvador, whose roots lie in the Civil War. The main right-wing party is La Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (Nactionalist Republican Alliance—ARENA), founded on September 30, 1981, and was in power during the last few wars of the Civil War. The Frente Farabundo Marti para La Liberacion Nacional (Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front—FMLN) the socialist party, is the direct descendent of the guerrilla troops that fought against the Salvadoran government, and was legally constituted as a political party on September 1, 1992. Since the Civil War the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11271918", "score": "0.97165406", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Economy of El Salvador", "text": "El Salvador, helping many to secure credit in order to buy a house or a car; over time, displeasure with the change has largely disappeared, though the issue resurfaces as a political tool when elections are on the horizon. Fiscal policy has been one of the biggest challenges for the Salvadoran government. The 1992 peace accords committed the government to heavy expenditures for transition programs and social services. The stability adjustment programs (PAE, for the initials in Spanish) initiated by President Cristiani's administration committed the government to the privatization of banks, the pension system, electric and telephone companies. The total", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "120543", "score": "0.9710735", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Health systems by country", "text": "government expenditure. Healthcare in El Salvador is free at the point of delivery. The public health system, which is regulated by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, has 30 public hospitals in the country plus various primary care facilities and 27 basic health care systems. According to the law of El Salvador, all individuals are given basic health services in public health institutions. Health care in Mexico is provided via public institutions or private entities. Health care delivered through private health care organizations operates entirely on the free-market system (e.g. it is available to those who can afford it).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16234892", "score": "0.9683671", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Education in El Salvador", "text": "United States Agency for International Development, in hopes of improving institutions of higher learning within the country with updated curricula and faculty training. Education in El Salvador Education in El Salvador follows a (1 or 2) 9-2-5 educational system, which is regulated by the country's Ministry of Education: According to statistics, only 82% of children make it to 9th grade. 6% of the children in El Salvador, do not attend school at all. Children who have finished 9th grade can go to secondary school, but only 33% will. The distribution of students is 79% men and 73% women. El Salvador", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6148239", "score": "0.968303", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "Politics of El Salvador", "long_answer": "Politics of El Salvador takes place in land a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of El Salvador is both head of state and head of government, and of an Executive power is exercised by the government.", "chunked_long_answer": "Politics of El Salvador takes place in land a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of El Salvador is both head of state and head of government, and of an Executive power is exercised by the government.", "short_answers": [ "a presidential representative democratic republic", "presidential representative democratic republic" ] }

[ "1990", "1970s" ]

[ { "title": "Beverage can", "text": "The safety and litter problems were both eventually solved later in the 1970s with Daniel F. Cudzik's invention of the non-removing \"Stay-Tab\". The pull-ring was replaced with a stiff aluminium lever, and the removable tab was replaced with a pre-scored round tab that functioned similarly to the push-tab, but the raised blister was no longer needed, as the riveted lever would now do the job of pushing the tab open and into the interior of the can.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Drink can", "text": "push-tab was a raised circular scored area used in place of the pull-tab. It needed no ring to pull up. Instead, the raised aluminium blister was pushed down into the can, with a small unscored piece that kept the tab connected after being pushed inside. Push-tabs never gained wide popularity because while they had solved the litter problem of the pull-tab, they created a safety hazard where the person's finger upon pushing the tab into the can was immediately exposed to the sharp edges of the opening. An unusual feature of the push-tab Coors Beer cans was that they had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2356473", "score": "1.0806574", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Drink can", "text": "Cola company, in 1964. The early pull-tabs detached easily. In 1976 the \"Journal of the American Medical Association\" noted cases of children ingesting pull-tabs that had broken off and dropped into the can. Full-top pull-tabs were also used in some oil cans and are currently used in some soup, pet food, tennis ball, nuts and other cans. In 1975, Daniel F. Cudzik, an engineer with Reynolds Metals, filed a design patent application for a \"End closure for a container.\" This later became known as a \"Sta-Tab.\" When the Sta-Tab launched in 1975, on Falls City beer and, quickly, other drinks,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2356491", "score": "1.0385818", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Drink can", "text": "to admit air. As early as 1922, inventors were applying for patents on cans with tab tops, but the technology of the time made these inventions impractical. Later advancements saw the ends of the can made out of aluminium instead of steel. Cans are usually in sealed paperboard cartons, corrugated fiberboard boxes, or trays covered with plastic film. The entire distribution system and packaging need to be controlled to ensure freshness. Mikolaj Kondakow and James Wong of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada invented the pull tab version for bottles in or before 1951 (Canadian patent 476789). Then, in 1962, Ermal Cleon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2356489", "score": "1.0069562", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Drink can", "text": "canned drink market. His invention was the \"pull-tab\". This eliminated the need for a separate opener tool by attaching an aluminium pull-ring lever with a rivet to a pre-scored wedge-shaped tab section of the can top. The ring was riveted to the center of the top, which created an elongated opening large enough that one hole simultaneously served to let the drink flow out while air flowed in. In 1959, while on a family picnic, Mr. Fraze had forgotten to bring a can opener and was forced to use a car bumper to open a can of beer. Thinking there", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2356471", "score": "0.97914267", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Churchkey Can Company", "text": "company has come from technology investors. But they went out of business because they couldn't figure out how to keep the cans from \"bulging!\" Reference article here: https://www.brewbound.com/news/churchkey-can-co-on-hiatus The brewery's only beer is a Pilsner-style lager with 29 IBUs and 4.9 percent ABV. It is packaged in a 12-ounce steel can made by Ball Corporation that is designed to be recyclable, as is the churchkey that is included with purchasing a six-pack. the beer is only available in the Seattle and Portland metropolitan areas and San Francisco. From their introduction in the 1930s up until the 1960s, most beer cans", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16477271", "score": "0.9366324", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Drink can", "text": "Fraze (1913–1989) of Dayton, Ohio, United States, invented the similar integral rivet and pull-tab version (also known as \"ring pull\" in British English), which had a ring attached at the rivet for pulling, and which would come off completely to be discarded. He received US Patent No. 3,349,949 for his pull-top can design in 1963 and licensed his invention to Alcoa and Pittsburgh Brewing Company, the latter of which first introduced the design on Iron City Beer cans. The first soft drinks to be sold in all-aluminium cans were R.C. Cola and Diet-Rite Cola, both made by the Royal Crown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2356490", "score": "0.9161017", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Drink can", "text": "from a coil of aluminium, typically alloy 5182-H48, and transferred to another press that converts them to easy-open ends. This press is known as a conversion press which forms an integral rivet button in the lid and scores the opening, while concurrently forming the tabs in another die from a separate strip of aluminium. Early metal drink cans had no tabs; they were opened by a can-piercer or churchkey, a device resembling a bottle opener with a sharp point. The can was opened by punching two triangular holes in the lid—a large one for drinking, and a second (smaller) one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2356488", "score": "0.8641721", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Ermal C. Fraze", "text": "Ermal C. Fraze Ermal Cleon \"Ernie\" Fraze (September 16, 1913 – October 26, 1989) was an engineer who invented the pull-tab opener used in beverage cans. Fraze was born on a farm near Muncie, Indiana, but later moved to Dayton, Ohio, where he assembled novelties for Cracker Jack boxes. He started his career in Ohio as a machine tool operator in the 1940s. Using a loan from his wife, Martha, he established the Dayton Reliable Tool & Manufacturing Company, his own machine tool business in 1949. The company produced tools such as improved gun barrels for war planes, usually for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20099718", "score": "0.8555553", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Beverage can printing", "text": "their anticipation on the ending of the Prohibition period. The major obstacle in producing beer cans was that no current cans can withstand the excess pressure that was required in packaging beer. \"After two years of research, American Can had overcome the problems of pressure and had developed a coating for the inside of the can to stop the beer reacting with the tinplate\". Now that they developed a successful tin can for packaging beer, American Can Company had to pitch their innovation to breweries, which was hard since this was such a different form of packaging at the time.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15392920", "score": "0.8553214", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Drink can", "text": "British armed forces abroad in the Second World War - cans saved a great deal of space and weight for wartime exports compared to glass bottles, and did not have to be returned for refilling. These early cans did not have a pull tab, instead they had a crown cork (beer bottle top). All modern UK canned beer is descended from these small, early cans which helped change the drinking and beer-buying habits of the British public. From the 18th century until the early 20th century Wales dominated world tinplate production, peaking in the early 1890s when 80% of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2356466", "score": "0.85498387", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Crushin' It", "text": "\"Nash Country Weekly\" magazine that Paisley presented the idea in a writing session with him and Kelley Lovelace, and after thinking about the idea, Miller noticed the use of the slang term in everyday conversation with others. Lovelace added that Paisley asked the two, \"What else can you do with [beer] cans?\", at which point Lovelace added lines about crushing beer cans. The song is an uptempo country pop song. It opens with the sound of a crushing beer can, followed by an acoustic guitar solo. The song is mainly driven by electric guitar and drums. A fiddle solo after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18531370", "score": "0.8402423", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Drink can", "text": "are increasingly available, but limited mostly to Coca-Cola and Dr Pepper. Finally, beer cans also come in 500 ml forms. In both Malaysia and Singapore, the most commonly found cans are 300 ml for non-carbonated drinks and 325 ml for carbonated drinks. Larger 330 ml/350 ml cans are limited to imported drinks where it would usually cost a lot more than local ones. In Pakistan the most common sizes are 250 ml and 330 ml. 200 ml cans are also sold. In North America, the standard can size is . The US standard can is 4.83 inches high, 2.13 inches", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2356478", "score": "0.8335179", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Drink can", "text": "drinks in cans was the interior liner, typically plastic or sometimes a waxy substance, that helped to keep the product's flavor from being ruined by a chemical reaction with the metal. Another major factor for the timing was the repeal of Prohibition in the United States at the end of 1933. In 1935, the Felinfoel Brewery at Felinfoel in Wales was the first brewery outside the USA to commercially can beer. Prior to this time, beer was only available in barrels or in glass bottles. From this time, lightweight tin cans could be used. Felinfoel was a major supplier to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2356465", "score": "0.83169013", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Billy Beer", "text": "one of AMERICA's all-time Great Beer Drinkers—Billy Carter\". \"I had this beer brewed up just for me. I think it's the best I ever tasted. And I've tasted a lot. I think you'll like it, too.\" Despite Carter's promotion of Billy Beer, \"in private he drank Pabst\". After Billy Beer ceased production in 1978, advertisements appeared in newspapers offering to sell Billy Beer cans for several hundred to several thousands of dollars each, attempting to profit from their perceived rarity. However, since the cans were actually produced in the millions, the real value of a can ranged from 50 cents", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1950201", "score": "0.83144665", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Falls City Brewing Company", "text": "tabs or \"pop tops\" that were completely removed from the can. The Sta-Tab opened the can then could be folded back against the lid. Most beverage cans now feature the Sta-Tab. In 1977, Falls City representatives approached Billy Carter, brother of President Jimmy Carter, about marketing a signature brand to capitalize on Billy's fame as the beer-drinking black sheep of the Carter family. Falls City brewed several test batches in hopes that one would meet Carter's approval and could be marketed as Billy Beer. Carter, who had long been a Pabst Blue Ribbon drinker, chose one of the Falls City", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6636034", "score": "0.8307974", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Microbrewery", "text": "brewing corporations, cans are now favored by craft brewers for numerous reasons: cans are impervious to oxygen, beer-degrading light does not affect canned beer, canned beer is more portable since less room is required for storage or transportation, canned beer cools more quickly, and cans have a greater surface area for wraparound designs and decorations. The perception that bottles lead to a taste that is superior to canned beer is outdated, as most aluminum cans are lined with a polymer coating that protects the beer from the problematic metal. However, since drinking directly from a can may still result in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2283351", "score": "0.82783246", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Pull-tab", "text": "no single prize can be more than $599. In Minnesota as well as some other states, pull tabs are offered nightly from vending booths often called jar bars. All of the tickets in a game (called a \"deal\") are poured into a transparent container that has attached to it a \"flare\" or poster that displays all of the winning symbol combinations, the quantity of winning tickets at each reward level, the name of the game, etc. Also attached to the container is a tally sheet that shows a potential player exactly how many of the \"major winners\" (major winner is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9768662", "score": "0.8225726", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Beverage can printing", "text": "Two-piece cans hit the market in 1974. Throughout the years, innovative ideas and development slowly changed the beer can into what it is today. According to Ball Corporation, beer cans weighed 83 grams in 1951, and was then reduced to 38 grams by 1974, to what it is now today at only 21 grams. Coors examined many can coating curing methods and decided to implement an ultraviolet system, which they started to do in 1975. Coors is the only manufacturer to use the UV curing method in the United States. In 1986, they made further innovations to their UV coating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15392923", "score": "0.81951314", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Aluminum can", "text": "in 1962 for the Pittsburgh Brewing Company and is now used in nearly 100% of the canned beer market. Aluminum cans are often made with recycled aluminum; approximately 68% of a standard North American can is recycled aluminum. In 2012, 92% of the aluminum beverage cans sold in Switzerland were recycled. Cans are the most recycled beverage container, at a rate of 69% worldwide. According to Alcoa Aluminum Company, in 2015 about 34 cans are required to achieve a weight of one pound. The unstated assumption is that most of those will be the normal 12-oz type can. Wise Recycling", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2417076", "score": "0.8124956", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Drink can", "text": "3,570, down from a peak of 11,954 in 1978. Just 19 of the members were under the age of 30, and the members' average age had increased to 59. Drink can A drink can (or beverage can) is a metal container designed to hold a fixed portion of liquid such as carbonated soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, fruit juices, teas, herbal teas, energy drinks, etc. Drink cans are made of aluminium (75% of worldwide production) or tin-plated steel (25% worldwide production). Worldwide production for all drink cans is approximately 370 billion cans per year worldwide. The first commercial beer available in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2356498", "score": "0.81023806", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Drink can", "text": "Drink can A drink can (or beverage can) is a metal container designed to hold a fixed portion of liquid such as carbonated soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, fruit juices, teas, herbal teas, energy drinks, etc. Drink cans are made of aluminium (75% of worldwide production) or tin-plated steel (25% worldwide production). Worldwide production for all drink cans is approximately 370 billion cans per year worldwide. The first commercial beer available in cans began in 1935 in Richmond, Virginia. Not long after that, sodas, with their higher acidity and somewhat higher pressures, were available in cans. The key development for storing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2356464", "score": "0.8051499", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Beer (song)", "text": "Beer (song) \"Beer\" is a song by American ska punk band Reel Big Fish and featured on their debut album \"Everything Sucks\" in 1995 as well as their major label debut \"Turn the Radio Off\" the following year. While not achieving the chart success of the album's lead single, \"Sell Out\", the song is credited with having kept the band's popularity alive over the years and becoming the band's most downloaded song, and continues to be a staple at live shows. Lead singer and guitarist Aaron Barrett was inspired to write the song after noticing bassist Matt Wong and drummer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20112331", "score": "0.80392194", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Beer pong", "text": "was the branded version of beer pong that brewer Anheuser-Busch said involved the drinking of water, not Budweiser or any other beer. In the summer of 2005, the company began marketing \"bud pong\" kits to its distributors. Francine I. Katz, vice president for communications and consumer affairs, was reported in \"The New York Times\" as saying that bud pong was not intended for underage drinkers because promotions were held in bars, not on campuses. And it did not promote binge drinking, she said, because official rules call for water to be used, not beer. \"The New York Times\" quoted a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1953679", "score": "0.8030374", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Beverage can printing", "text": "Beverage can printing Beverage can printing refers to the art and practice of applying an image to a metal beverage can, to advertise its contents. The first beer sold in a can was in 1935, when a brewery in the United States inquired American Can Company about the possibility of packaging their beer in cans. American Can Company is a member of the Tin Can Trust and \"controlled a large percentage of business in the United States in tin cans, containers, and packages of tin\". In 1931, American Can Company began to experiment the possibility of beer cans due to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15392919", "score": "0.80167353", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Beer pong", "text": "bartender at a club near Clemson University as saying she had worked at several bud pong events and had \"never seen anyone playing with water. It's always beer. It's just like any other beer pong.\" Some expressed incredulity at Anheuser-Busch's public statements. Henry Wechsler, director of the College Alcohol Study at the Harvard School of Public Health, said: \"Why would alcohol companies promote games that involve drinking water? It's preposterous,\" while advertising news site Adjab opined that \"someone playing bud pong with water is about as likely as a teenage kid using the rolling paper he bought at the convenience", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1953680", "score": "0.80025744", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Ermal C. Fraze", "text": "non-removable tabs used today. By 1980, his company was supplying can-end machinery worldwide making over $500 million in annual revenue. Ermal Fraze died in 1989, in Kettering, Ohio from a brain tumor. Soon after his death, the family sold the Dayton Reliable Tool Company to business managers, but it remained in Dayton. Ermal C. Fraze Ermal Cleon \"Ernie\" Fraze (September 16, 1913 – October 26, 1989) was an engineer who invented the pull-tab opener used in beverage cans. Fraze was born on a farm near Muncie, Indiana, but later moved to Dayton, Ohio, where he assembled novelties for Cracker Jack", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20099721", "score": "0.7992643", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Products produced from The Simpsons", "text": "in select cities to promote \"The Simpsons Movie\". Real cans of Buzz Cola were available at those locations, as well as most other 7-Elevens throughout the United States and Canada. The soda in these cans was produced by the Cott Corporation, which also makes RC Cola outside the United States. Buzz Cola first appeared in the 1984 movie \"Surf II\". With its loud-mouthed corporate spokesperson Duffman, \"Duff Beer\" is a parody of stereotypical American beer: cheap, mass-produced, poor-quality and heavily advertised. It is Homer's favorite beer and sold in all the bars of Springfield. Its slogan is 'Can't get enough", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7644506", "score": "0.798854", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Rainier Brewing Company", "text": "of decorative Jubilee Series cans continued for over a decade, with thousands of different designs. Most of these are not as rare and collectible as the Christmas cans, but the \"reindeer\" cans (which were sold only in Alaska), and the first pull tab Jubilee cans (made only in the last couple of years of the Jubilee Series) are also considered rare. Other brands of beer brewed by Sick's Rainier Brewing during this time included Rheinlander and Sick's Select. Later, the Rainier brewery would also take over brewing Heidelberg beer after its brewery in Tacoma, Washington, closed. Each of these brands", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3432285", "score": "0.79818356", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "History of bottle recycling in the United States", "text": "the taste. The first firm to successfully introduce cans was the Gottfried Krueger Brewing Company of Newark, New Jersey in 1935. Since the 12-ounce cans were much smaller and lighter than glass bottles, they could more easily be packaged and transported. However, bottlers soon started selling \"one-way\" bottles as well. Now, bottles and cans did not have a brand logo anymore, but an engravement that said: \"No Deposit, No Return\". In the early 1950s, disposable cans and bottles made up 30% of beer that was sold packaged. Technological advances made disposable bottles more prevalent, but social and economic changes were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20880456", "score": "0.796168", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "Beverage can", "long_answer": "The safety and litter problems were both eventually solved later in the 1970s with Daniel F. Cudzik's invention of the non-removing \"Stay-Tab\". The pull-ring was replaced with a stiff aluminium lever, and the removable tab was replaced with a pre-scored round tab that functioned similarly to the push-tab, but the raised blister was no longer needed, as the riveted lever would now do the job of pushing the tab open and into the interior of the can.", "chunked_long_answer": "The safety and litter problems were both eventually solved later in the 1970s with Daniel F. Cudzik's invention of the non-removing \"Stay-Tab\". The pull-ring was replaced with a stiff aluminium lever, and the removable tab was replaced with a pre-scored round tab that functioned similarly to the push-tab, but the raised blister was no longer needed, as the riveted lever would now do the job of pushing the tab open and into the interior of the can.", "short_answers": [ "1970s" ] }

[ "September 26, 2017" ]

[ { "title": "Jeepers Creepers 3", "text": "During an interview for the Edmond Sun, Justin Hall specifically revealed that the film would be released on September 4, but nothing was confirmed by Victor Salva or the movie studio. On August 16, the AMC Theaters website stated Jeepers Creepers 3 opens on September 26, 2017. On August 29, selected theaters began selling tickets along with the official poster, revealing that the film would be on display for only one night. Fathom Events then announced that the film's premiere would also feature never-before-seen bonus pictures and an interview with Jonathan Breck, who plays the Creeper in all three franchise", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)", "text": "Jeepers Creepers (2001 film) Jeepers Creepers is a 2001 American-German horror film written and directed by Victor Salva. The film takes its name from the 1938 song \"Jeepers Creepers\", which is featured in the film. Francis Ford Coppola executive produced, and the film stars Gina Philips, Justin Long, Jonathan Breck, and Eileen Brennan. Philips and Long play two older siblings who become the targets of a demonic creature (Breck) in rural Florida. Trish Jenner (Philips) and her brother Darry (Long) are traveling home from college for spring break. As they drive through the Florida countryside, an old rusty truck (a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4853714", "score": "1.1725584", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)", "text": "49 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Scott Foundas of \"Variety\" wrote that it is \"the most conventional and least imaginative of the recent crop of high-class fright movies\". Stephen Holden of \"The New York Times\" called it \"a cannier-than-average teen horror movie\" that \"disintegrates into a shoot-by-numbers monster hunt\". Kevin Thomas of the \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote that the film \"has the scariest opening sequence of any horror picture in recent memory\" but becomes an \"amusing horror-comedy, spooky and jolting but too literally preposterous to regain its initial aura of suspense.\" Peter Bradshaw", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4853722", "score": "1.1597865", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)", "text": "air. They drive to the local police station, where they are approached by psychic Jezelle Gay Hartman (Patricia Belcher). She reveals herself as the woman who called them at the diner and tells them the true nature of their pursuer: It is an ancient creature, known as \"the Creeper,\" which awakens every 23rd spring for twenty-three days to feast on human body parts, which then form parts of its own body. She also tells them that it seeks out its victims through fear, and, by smelling the fear from Trish and Darry, it has found something it likes, but she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4853718", "score": "1.151232", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)", "text": "again October 4, and it was announced that it would air on the SyFy channel on October 28, with a Blu-ray/digital release on December 28, 2017. Jeepers Creepers (2001 film) Jeepers Creepers is a 2001 American-German horror film written and directed by Victor Salva. The film takes its name from the 1938 song \"Jeepers Creepers\", which is featured in the film. Francis Ford Coppola executive produced, and the film stars Gina Philips, Justin Long, Jonathan Breck, and Eileen Brennan. Philips and Long play two older siblings who become the targets of a demonic creature (Breck) in rural Florida. Trish Jenner", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4853726", "score": "1.146129", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)", "text": "in Reddick, and SW 180th Avenue Road in Dunnellon. Due to time and budget constraints, the film's original third act was cut, so the film's ending is not what Salva intended. Some parts cut from the first film became parts of the sequel. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 46% based on , with a weighted average rating of 5.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Jeepers Creepers\" has a promising start. Unfortunately, the tension and suspense quickly deflates into genre cliches as the movie goes on.\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4853721", "score": "1.1171135", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (1939 animated film)", "text": "Jeepers Creepers (1939 animated film) Jeepers Creepers is a 1939 \"Looney Tunes\" animated short starring Porky Pig. It was directed by Robert Clampett. It was released on DVD on September 19, 2017, in the \"Porky Pig 101\". Porky is a police officer, who is in a police car that is named 6 7/8. He gets a call from his chief to go investigate goings-on at a haunted house. The house is haunted to the core, and the fun loving ghost plays a series of pranks on the unsuspecting pig. As Porky knocks on the door to enter the haunted house,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7591874", "score": "1.1113082", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers 3", "text": "as a man runs for his life. When the man reaches the road, the Creeper drops from the sky and flies off with him, while Kenny Brandon watches from his truck. When he gets out to investigate, he looks up in the air and sees a machete fall from the sky, followed by a severed hand. 23 years later, shortly after the events of the first film, the police discover the Creeper's truck filled with dead bodies. The truck has been rigged with several booby-traps, including spikes that emerge from the bed of the truck, and a spear that shoots", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13443859", "score": "1.1099677", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)", "text": "of \"The Guardian\" wrote that the film starts off well but quickly degenerates into cliche. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"D\" on an A+ to F scale. \"Jeepers Creepers\" opened in 2,944 theaters and took in a US gross of $37.9 million; it later made $21.3 million internationally, making a total of $59.2 million worldwide. It broke the record for the highest ever Labor Day opening weekend four-day gross, holding the record until the 2003 release of its sequel, \"Jeepers Creepers 2\". After the 2015 Labor Day weekend, \"Jeepers Creepers\" holds the #7 spot", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4853723", "score": "1.108192", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers 2", "text": "Jeepers Creepers 2 Jeepers Creepers 2 is a 2003 American horror film written and directed by Victor Salva, produced by American Zoetrope, Capitol Films, Myriad Pictures and distributed by United Artists, a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer division. The film is a sequel to the 2001 horror film \"Jeepers Creepers\". Francis Ford Coppola executive produced the film. The film was followed by \"Jeepers Creepers 3\", which received a limited release in theaters in 2017, 14 years after the second film. On its twenty-second day of feeding, the Creeper disguised as a scarecrow abducts young Billy Taggart in front of his father Jack, and older", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4420354", "score": "1.0913485", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)", "text": "1941 Chevrolet COE) drives around them erratically. The vehicle eventually passes them. They later see the same truck parked next to an abandoned church with a man sliding what appears to be bodies wrapped in blood-stained sheets into a large pipe sticking out of the ground. The man notices Trish and Darry watching him and attempts to run them off the road. After escaping, Darry convinces Trish to go back to the church and investigate. At the church, Darry hears noises coming from within the pipe and crawls inside with Trish holding on to his feet, but ends up falling", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4853715", "score": "1.0911483", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)", "text": "does not know what. The wounded Creeper arrives and attacks the police station. After cutting off the power, it gains entrance to the cells and eats prisoners to heal. The Creeper is swarmed by police but kills a number of them and evades capture. Trapped, Jezelle warns Trish and Darry that one of them will die a horrible death. Darry demands to know who, and Jezelle looks at Trish. The Creeper finds them, but spares Jezelle as she does not have anything it wants. The Creeper corners Trish and Darry in an upstairs interrogation room, and after sniffing and tasting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4853719", "score": "1.0870994", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers 2", "text": "later, a group of teenagers drive to Taggart's farm, where the Creeper is a sideshow attraction, called \"The Bat Out of Hell\". They see an elderly Taggart watching it with the harpoon at his side, and when they ask him if he is waiting for something, he looks up at the Creeper and says: “about three more days, give or take a day or two\". Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 23% of 122 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 4.2/10. The site's consensus reads: \"\"Jeepers Creepers 2\" is competently made, but it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4420359", "score": "1.086101", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (1939 animated film)", "text": "the ghost does a lady voice \"Come in.\" Porky enters, already frightened. He enters again, the ghost places Frogs into a pair of shoes to look like a person walking, as Porky doesn't notice, the laces of the shoes get stuck to a coat hanger pole then rips off a curtain to make it look like a person with a cloak on. It immediately scares him and then the ghost scares him. Porky runs upstairs and lands in the ghost's arms with realizing, until that famous line comes as the ghost says it very goopy. \"What the matter baby?\". Porky", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7591875", "score": "1.0808071", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)", "text": "and the #5 spot goes to its sequel. Allowing for films that had been released prior to Labor Day, \"Jeepers Creepers\" holds the #16 spot for the Labor Day four-day weekend, with the #9 spot going to \"Jeepers Creepers 2\". In 2003, a sequel was released, \"Jeepers Creepers 2\". Events in the second film take place four days after the first film. The Creeper and Darry are the only characters to appear in both films, although they are not the only actors to appear in both films. In the first film, actor Tom Tarantini appears as the minor character \"Austin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4853724", "score": "1.0743837", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)", "text": "been destroyed. The police are then attacked and killed by the mysterious driver, who loads their bodies into his truck. Trish and Darry stop at a reclusive old woman's (Brennan) house, and beg her to call the police. The woman complies until she notices the driver hiding in her yard. She attempts to kill him, but the driver kills her and reveals his inhuman face to Trish and Darry, before pursuing them once again. Trish runs the driver over with her car, but they are horrified to see a giant wing tear through his trench coat and flap in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4853717", "score": "1.0684326", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (song)", "text": "Creepers. Jeepers Creepers is a wild horse and can only be soothed enough to let someone ride him when Gabriel plays the song \"Jeepers Creepers\" on his trumpet or sings it to him. Gabriel wrote the song specifically for the horse. The phrase \"jeepers creepers\", a slang expression and minced oath euphemism for Jesus Christ, predates both the song and film. The most famous lyrics in the song are: Jeepers Creepers, where'd ya get those peepers? Jeepers Creepers, where'd ya get those eyes? There were three popular versions of the song released in 1939, by Al Donahue, Louis Armstrong, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5228632", "score": "1.0622759", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers 3", "text": "was released on September 6. The official trailer for the movie was released on September 15 on various YouTube trailer channels. \"Jeepers Creepers 3\" sparked controversy over using child molestation as a plotline, which resulted in criticism of the film due to Salva's 1988 incarceration for sexual abuse of a 12-year-old and possession of child pornography. The dialogue “Can you blame him though? I mean look at her, the heart wants what it wants, am I right?”, in reference to the film's character, a sexual abuse victim, was singled out for derision, ultimately being removed from the theatrical cut, although", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13443874", "score": "1.0611565", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (1939 animated film)", "text": "is finally scared out of the house, but he has the last laugh when his back-firing car leaves the ghost in blackface (and the ghost doing a Rochester imitation). Jeepers Creepers (1939 animated film) Jeepers Creepers is a 1939 \"Looney Tunes\" animated short starring Porky Pig. It was directed by Robert Clampett. It was released on DVD on September 19, 2017, in the \"Porky Pig 101\". Porky is a police officer, who is in a police car that is named 6 7/8. He gets a call from his chief to go investigate goings-on at a haunted house. The house is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7591876", "score": "1.0605276", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Patricia Belcher", "text": "film \"Jeepers Creepers\". The film received mixed reviews from critics, however received positive awards from audiences. The film was a commercial success, opening in 2,944 theaters and took in a domestic gross of $37,904,175; it later made $21,313,614 internationally, making a total of $59,217,789 worldwide. In 2003, Belcher was originally going to appear again as Jezelle Gay Hartman in \"Jeepers Creepers 2\", as the plot was about her character and Gina Philips' character hunting down The Creeper, while a school bus full of teens terrorized by The Creeper was just a subplot. But the more writer and director Victor Salva", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11436346", "score": "1.0564739", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)", "text": "in. At the bottom, he finds a dying man with stitches running down his stomach, and hundreds of other bodies sewn to the basements walls and ceiling. After Darry escapes, the two flee the scene and attempt to contact the police at a diner. At the diner, they are phoned by a strange woman who warns them that they are in danger. Confused and frightened, they ignore her warning. Later, Trish and Darry leave, with two police officers providing a security escort. As they travel, the police learn that the church has caught fire, and any evidence of bodies has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4853716", "score": "1.054199", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers 3", "text": "selected theaters began selling tickets along with the official poster, revealing that the film would be on display for only one night. Fathom Events then announced that the film's premiere would also feature never-before-seen bonus pictures and an interview with Breck, who plays the Creeper in all three franchise films. A second showing in theaters on October 4, 2017 was later added. Fandango updated the brief film synopsis shortly after, \"this Fall, the Creeper returns. See the next film in the iconic horror franchise when \"Jeepers Creepers 3\" returns for a special encore event in movie theaters nationwide for only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13443872", "score": "1.0495757", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers 3", "text": "its slice of country highway and the skies above it, the rest of the film crashes in the cornfields,\" while Ernie Trinidad gave the film two out of five stars, stating that it \"didn't deliver the story fans were anticipating nor provide enough incentive to want to return for the inevitable sequel.\" Trinidad also felt that the film's daytime setting drew attention to its low quality CGI and make-up effects. In an interview for Diabolique, Philips stated that Salva has a plot ready for a fourth installment. She said, \"Victor has written what happens from the second after the conclusion", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13443878", "score": "1.0428276", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers (song)", "text": "Jeepers Creepers (song) \"Jeepers Creepers\" is a popular song and jazz standard. The music was written by Harry Warren and the lyrics by Johnny Mercer for the 1938 movie \"Going Places\". It was premiered by Louis Armstrong and has been covered by many other musicians. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1938 but lost to \"Thanks for the Memory\". This song was featured in the 1938 film \"Going Places\" starring Dick Powell, Anita Louise, and Ronald Reagan. Louis Armstrong appears in the role of Gabriel, the trainer of a race horse named Jeepers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5228631", "score": "1.0417889", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers 3", "text": "one night on Wednesday, October 4.\" Other participating theaters included Marcus Theaters and Galaxy Theaters. After the theatrical showings, the film had its television premiere on the Syfy network on October 28, 2017. The channel aired an encore showing on October 29. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on December 26, 2017. After the filming announcement, several photos began to appear on the internet from the post-production of \"Jeepers Creepers 3\", mainly for presenting actor Stan Shaw. Shortly after, a Behind-the-Scenes video of the film was released on social networks. The first teaser trailer ran 30 seconds and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13443873", "score": "1.0382104", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers 3", "text": "it was present in the screened version delivered to critics. During its limited two-day run, \"Jeepers Creepers 3\" grossed $2.2 million in the United States and $1.3 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $3.6 million. The film played in 635 theaters on Tuesday, September 26 and was listed at #3 on the day's box office rankings behind \"\" and \"It.\" On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a negative approval rating of 17% based on , with a weighted average rating of 3.8/10. Film critic Steve Pulaski gave the film a mixed review, saying that \"through all its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13443875", "score": "1.0346882", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers 2", "text": "a first-class creature, a fourth-rate story, and dialogue possibly created by feeding the screenplay into a pasta maker.\" In \"The New York Times\", Dave Kehr wrote that creature lacks personality when the concept is retooled into a film series. Gene Seymour of the \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote that the sequel lacks the mood of the first film, and the teen protagonists are too annoying to draw much of the audience's sympathy. However, Seymour praised Wise's performance. In a positive review, Nathan Rabin of \"The A.V. Club\" called it \"the rare sequel that's not only bigger than its predecessor, but also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4420361", "score": "1.0333807", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers 2", "text": "doesn't have the scares of the original.\" Metacritic rated it 36/100 based on 29 reviews. Andy Klein of \"Variety\" wrote, \"Few things are scarier than a sequel to a bad movie, but, in fact, \"Jeepers Creepers 2\" is substantially better than its predecessor, even while staying strictly within the genre's well-defined boundaries.\" Michael Rechtshaffen of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" wrote, \"The sequel has got the creepy bits down cold but lacks a fair share of scares.\" Roger Ebert, writing for \"The Chicago Sun-Times\", rated the film one out of four stars and said, \"Victor Salva's \"Jeepers Creepers 2\" supplies us with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4420360", "score": "1.0295577", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers 3", "text": "know what you are', along with the hand, and howls in anger. The next day, Addison says goodbye to Buddy before he leaves for a high school basketball game in the same bus that is attacked by the Creeper shortly before it’s hibernation. 23 years later, Trish Jenner is seen reading a letter she presumably wrote on a computer calling for people to fight against the Creeper when it returns and vows to get revenge on The Creeper for the death of her brother, Darry. The third film was in development before \"Jeepers Creepers 2\" was released in 2003. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13443867", "score": "1.0294843", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Jeepers Creepers 3", "text": "out from the tail-pipe. When Sheriff Dan Tashtego arrives, Sergeant Davis Tubbs tells him what happened and Tashtego informs him that the Creeper has been around for thousands of years and must be stopped. They rush to get the Creeper's truck back after learning it is headed for the impound. As Frank and Deputy Lang transport the vehicle, the Creeper lands on the tow truck and severs the cables. They watch as the truck drives off seemingly on its own, while the Creeper stands on top of it. When the truck returns, the Creeper abducts Frank while Lang stands frozen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13443860", "score": "1.0254569", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Jeepers Creepers 3", "long_answer": "During an interview for the Edmond Sun, Justin Hall specifically revealed that the film would be released on September 4, but nothing was confirmed by Victor Salva or the movie studio. On August 16, the AMC Theaters website stated Jeepers Creepers 3 opens on September 26, 2017. On August 29, selected theaters began selling tickets along with the official poster, revealing that the film would be on display for only one night. Fathom Events then announced that the film's premiere would also feature never-before-seen bonus pictures and an interview with Jonathan Breck, who plays the Creeper in all three franchise films. A second showing in theaters on October 4 was later added. Fandango updated the brief film synopsis shortly after, \"this Fall, the Creeper returns. See the next film in the iconic horror franchise when Jeepers Creepers 3 returns for a special encore event in movie theaters nationwide for only one night on Wednesday, October 4.\" Other participating theaters included Marcus Theaters and Galaxy Theaters", "chunked_long_answer": "During an interview for the Edmond Sun, Justin Hall specifically revealed that the film would be released on September 4, but nothing was confirmed by Victor Salva or the movie studio. On August 16, the AMC Theaters website stated Jeepers Creepers 3 opens on September 26, 2017. On August 29, selected theaters began selling tickets along with the official poster, revealing that the film would be on display for only one night. Fathom Events then announced that the film's premiere would also feature never-before-seen bonus pictures and an interview with Jonathan Breck, who plays the Creeper in all three franchise", "short_answers": [ "September 26, 2017" ] }

[ "August 21, 2001", "August 21, 2001" ]

[ { "title": "How You Remind Me", "text": "\"How You Remind Me\" is a song by Canadian rock band Nickelback. It was released on August 21, 2001 as the lead single from their third studio album Silver Side Up (2001). A \"Gold Mix\" was made for latter editions of the single with the heavier guitars edited out of the chorus. Lead vocalist and guitarist Chad Kroeger wrote the song about his old girlfriend Jodi, with whom he had a dysfunctional relationship. He referred to this song as the song that put Nickelback on the map when played at their concert in Sturgis, South Dakota, and is often considered", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Reminding Me", "text": "Reminding Me \"Reminding Me\" is a song recorded as a duet by Canadian singer-songwriter Shawn Hook and American actress and singer Vanessa Hudgens. Hook co-wrote the pop ballad with Jonas Jeberg and Ethan Thompson. It was released to digital retailers on April 21, 2017, through Hollywood Records and Universal Music Canada as the lead single for Hook's forthcoming fourth studio album, and Hook's EP \"My Side of Your Story\". \"Reminding Me\" also impacted American contemporary hit radio on May 16, 2017. \"Reminding Me\" debuted at number 92 on the \"Billboard\" Canadian Hot 100 chart dated May 20, 2017. An accompanying", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20149363", "score": "0.8932114", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Remember You", "text": "talked about the single stating it was a \"beautiful idea of The Weeknd\". The official music video for the song was released on November 13, 2012. The Weeknd does not appear in the video. Remember You \"Remember You\" is a song by American rapper Wiz Khalifa, released as the second single from his fourth studio album, \"O.N.I.F.C.\". The track features Canadian singer The Weeknd and was produced by Dpat with Illangelo. The song samples \"Tell Me Do U Wanna\" by Ginuwine. It was released on September 24, 2012, by Atlantic's YouTube channel. After delaying the album, Wiz Khalifa announced the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16828724", "score": "0.8545315", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Remember I Told You", "text": "with Jonas and the models parading through the stark white room. It cuts through scenes of Jonas both alone and surrounded by the group alongside shots of the models dancing, posing and drawing on the walls. As the song builds, Anne-Marie and Posner also join in. The song was performed live for the first time during the Quebec Summerfest 2017 in Quebec City, Canada. He performed the song live during the finale of the BBC show Pitch Battle with Tring Park 16. Remember I Told You \"Remember I Told You\" is a song by American singer Nick Jonas featuring English", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20175580", "score": "0.8517558", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "How You Remind Me", "text": "he thought he had wanted all along, but suddenly he realizes that it isn't really what he wanted, and pushes her away. She is left with a broken heart and haunted by memories, as he had been at the beginning of the video. Another version of the video exists, and has been played on some UK and Australian music channels. The video simply features the footage of the band playing from the main video, added to footage of the band's live performances and tour movies. Due to its high sales and massive airplay, \"How You Remind Me\" was ranked as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5838982", "score": "0.8486389", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Remember I Told You", "text": "Remember I Told You \"Remember I Told You\" is a song by American singer Nick Jonas featuring English singer and songwriter Anne-Marie and singer Mike Posner. It was released on May 26, 2017, through Island and Safehouse Records. The song was released only in streaming and digital formats. During an interview with \"Hero\", Jonas talked about the track saying \"The new track was written last year while I was on tour, which is one of my favorite times to write, when I'm constantly in front of new audiences and being inspired on a nightly basis. It was a rainy day", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20175576", "score": "0.84703517", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "How You Remind Me", "text": "write another song during the studio sessions they had left. Kroeger later explained that it was Lavigne's idea to cover the song, stating: \"Avril jokingly suggested to cover a Nickelback song, but then we both figured it'd actually be a good idea to do \"How You Remind Me\". We recorded a version more similar to the original, but we both were not happy with it, thinking it needs its own spin. Avril then rearranged the song and we all liked it.\" An audio-only video was put on Lavigne's official Vevo on 8 January 2013. How You Remind Me \"How You", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5838987", "score": "0.83098316", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Remember You", "text": "Remember You \"Remember You\" is a song by American rapper Wiz Khalifa, released as the second single from his fourth studio album, \"O.N.I.F.C.\". The track features Canadian singer The Weeknd and was produced by Dpat with Illangelo. The song samples \"Tell Me Do U Wanna\" by Ginuwine. It was released on September 24, 2012, by Atlantic's YouTube channel. After delaying the album, Wiz Khalifa announced the second single of it, which is \"Remember You\". He revealed the single's cover on his Twitter account, and it was later released on Atlantic's YouTube channel. In an interview with MTV News, Wiz Khalifa", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16828723", "score": "0.82437456", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Songs Remind Me of You", "text": "in the 2010 film Sex and the City 2, and the Swiss remix was featured in the 2015 film We Are Your Friends. Songs Remind Me of You \"Songs Remind Me of You\" is a song by Norwegian recording artist Annie from her second studio album, \"Don't Stop\" (2009). Written by Richard X and Hannah Robinson, the track was released digitally on 17 August 2009 as the album's lead single. The song, described as \"Annie's first true four-to-the-floor anthem leading to dancefloor abandon\", was produced by Richard X. It dates back to 2006, recorded with Richard X in London during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13705599", "score": "0.811666", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "How You Remind Me", "text": "song of the decade. It was listed as number 9 at the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 top 100 Rock Songs of the last 50 years. \"Loudwire\" listed the song as number 30 on its list \"Top 21st Century Hard Rock Songs\". \"How You Remind Me\" was recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne for the anime film \"\". It was reported on 17 October 2012 that Lavigne would be contributing two cover songs to the film: the latter track and a cover of Joan Jett's \"Bad Reputation\". Lavigne later confirmed the new recording on 5 November 2012. It was released on 11", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5838985", "score": "0.79635775", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "How You Remind Me", "text": "December 2012 as a digital download from the \"One Piece Film: Z Original Soundtrack\". The 2-track promotional CD single was released on the next day, exclusive to Japan. The song was re-released on 19 December 2013 by iTunes Stores as a digital download promotional single for her self-titled fifth album. Later, it was included in the Japan, Taiwan and China Tour Edition of the album as one of the bonus tracks. Lavigne was in the studio with Kroeger working on her fifth studio album when she was asked to contribute a song to the film, but didn't have time to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5838986", "score": "0.7927096", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Remind Me to Forget", "text": "Remind Me to Forget \"Remind Me to Forget\" is a song recorded by Norwegian record producer Kygo, featuring guest vocals from American singer Miguel. Written by David Phelan, Alex Oriet, Phil Plested and produced by Kygo, it was released on 16 March 2018 by Sony Music, Ultra Music and RCA Records, as the third single from Kygo's second studio album, \"Kids in Love\" (2017). On 8 March 2018, a short clip of the song first surfaced on the internet. On 10 March 2018, Kygo announced the song on Instagram and Facebook with a series of promotional photos. \"Remind Me to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20619506", "score": "0.79039943", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Reminding Me", "text": "black and white music video directed by Aya Tanimura premiered April 21, 2017 in conjunction with the song's digital release. It shows the duet partners individually mourning a past relationship in a mansion, with Hook stationed primarily by the piano and Hudgens by an expansive window and then an indoor pool. Later, there are scenes of the two getting intimate in a bed. The video drew praise for Hudgens's \"sex appeal\" and glamorous look. Reminding Me \"Reminding Me\" is a song recorded as a duet by Canadian singer-songwriter Shawn Hook and American actress and singer Vanessa Hudgens. Hook co-wrote the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20149364", "score": "0.7898399", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Avril Lavigne (album)", "text": "promotional single \"How You Remind Me\" was released in Japan on December 11, 2012, as a digital download on the \"\" soundtrack. It was released on December 19, 2013 as a digital download in the UK. The song was included in the Japan, Taiwan and China Tour Edition of the album as one of the bonus tracks. To further promote the album, Lavigne embarked on her fifth concert tour, \"The Avril Lavigne Tour\", starting in Asia, followed by South America. In the United States, Lavigne served as opening act on the Backstreet Boys tour, \"In a World Like This Tour\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17457126", "score": "0.7847879", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "I Remember You (Adventure Time)", "text": "included both \"Nuts\" and \"I Remember You\" alongside other songs sung by Marceline. I Remember You (Adventure Time) \"I Remember You\" is the twenty-fifth and penultimate episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series \"Adventure Time\". The episode was written and storyboarded by Cole Sanchez and Rebecca Sugar, from a story by Patrick McHale, Kent Osborne, and Pendleton Ward. It originally aired on Cartoon Network on October 15, 2012. The episode later re-aired on March 25, 2013, together with the fifth season episode \"Simon & Marcy,\" and as such was advertised as a half-hour special. The series", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17229465", "score": "0.78371674", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Songs Remind Me of You", "text": "Songs Remind Me of You \"Songs Remind Me of You\" is a song by Norwegian recording artist Annie from her second studio album, \"Don't Stop\" (2009). Written by Richard X and Hannah Robinson, the track was released digitally on 17 August 2009 as the album's lead single. The song, described as \"Annie's first true four-to-the-floor anthem leading to dancefloor abandon\", was produced by Richard X. It dates back to 2006, recorded with Richard X in London during the earlier sessions for \"Don't Stop\". \"Songs Remind Me of You\" was first released on a \"Don't Stop\" album sampler in April 2008,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13705596", "score": "0.78102493", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "I Remember You (2015 film)", "text": "film almost fails the Bechdel test. I Remember You (2015 film) I Remember You is a 2015 American romantic drama film written and directed by Claudia Sparrow. It stars Stefanie Butler and Joe Egender as two people who come to believe they are destined to fall in love. It premiered at the Downtown Film Festival on July 22, 2015, and was released theatrically on November 13, 2015. After Leah, a scientist, saves the life of Samuel, an actor, their lives change dramatically. Samuel comes to believe that they have always been destined to fall in love and eventually convinces Leah", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19302321", "score": "0.7775359", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "I Remember You (2015 film)", "text": "was less than $500,000. It is the first film to be produced by Local Hero. \"I Remember You\" premiered at the Downtown Film Festival in Los Angeles, California, on July 22, 2015. It was theatrically released on November 13, 2015. Michael Nordine of \"The Village Voice\" wrote that Sparrow \"zigs where you expect her to zag (not always in the best of ways)\", but the film's predictable ending is still satisfying. Martin Tsai of the \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote that it is difficult to accept that Butler's character, a scientist, would accept the film's metaphysical themes. Tsai states that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19302320", "score": "0.77729636", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Remind Me (Conrad Sewell song)", "text": "Remind Me (Conrad Sewell song) \"Remind Me\" is the fourth solo single by Australian singer Conrad Sewell. It was released on 5 February 2016 and taken from his debut extended play, \"All I Know\". The song was used in television commercials, promoting the 2016 season of \"Home and Away\". Sewell said \"The lyric came from missing someone or finishing a relationship or even someone that's just not around anymore in your life. You know, it's love and loss.\" A Steve James remix was released on 15 April 2016. A Matvey Emerson remix was released on 6 May 2016. The video", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19323312", "score": "0.7765702", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "U Remind Me", "text": "Dave Meyers. The video features look-a-likes for singers Mýa, Brandy, and Tamia, while featuring the real Chili of TLC at the end to show the theme of the women reminding him of his past relationships. Chilli of TLC makes a cameo appearance in the video. The video was filmed in April 2001. In he's gonna follow the remix with Latrice, Blu Cantrell and Method Man in, 2001. U Remind Me \"U Remind Me\" is a song by American entertainer Usher. It was written by Anita McCloud and Edmund Clement and produced by the latter along with Jimmy Jam and Terry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5847600", "score": "0.7760196", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "One Cell in the Sea", "text": "viewers see Sudol behind glass doors, with Sudol playing a dirty piano as she recalls her 'almost lover' from the past. The video was later edited to fit a new video mix (\"Almost Lover Remix Domestic\"). \"Come On, Come Out\" was released as third single on April 29, 2008. The music video for \"Rangers,\" directed by Caitlin Dahl, features Sudol playing the piano in a natural setting along with shots of her and a lover gathering stuffed animals while avoiding being seen by an older man that follows the couple. \"You Picked Me\" was featured on iTunes as the \"Free", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10736430", "score": "0.77569795", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "I Will Remember You (Sarah McLachlan song)", "text": "I Will Remember You (Sarah McLachlan song) \"I Will Remember You\" is a song written by Sarah McLachlan, Séamus Egan and Dave Merenda. The song first appeared on the soundtrack for the movie \"The Brothers McMullen\" in 1995 and 1996 where it peaked at #65 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart & #10 in Canada and was featured on her remix album \"Rarities, B-Sides and Other Stuff\". The original inspiration came from Seamus Egan's instrumental song, \"Weep Not for the Memories\", which appeared on his album \"A Week in January\" (1990). McLachlan and Merenda added lyrics and modified the melody", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4898752", "score": "0.77436197", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Remember That (Jessica Simpson song)", "text": "having a \"tender voice [that] exudes the realism of a gal who’s taken a few knocks in her day\". Caramanica described Simpson as \"f[inding a backbone\" through the single's message and lyrics. Willie of Sputnikmusic wrote that Simpson's \"passionate vocals\" separated \"Remember That\" from similar songs on abuse. The song's placement on the album also received praise. Caramanica wrote \"Remember That\" was where \"Do You Know\" \"finds its groove\", and Jennifer Webb of About.com praised how it was paired with \"Pray Out Loud\" to ease the listener from its focus on abuse. Alternatively, \"Slant Magazine\"'s Jonathan Keefe dismissed it as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12458772", "score": "0.77407634", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Doesn't Remind Me", "text": "Doesn't Remind Me \"Doesn't Remind Me\" is a song by the American rock supergroup Audioslave, released in July 2005 as the third single from their second studio album \"Out of Exile\". The song was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 48th Grammy Awards. Directed by Chris Milk, the award-winning music video for \"Doesn't Remind Me\" starts off with a blurred image of an Uncle Sam poster tacked to a wall of a young boy's bedroom as he plays with a toy fighter plane. This boy is played by Vinny Intrieri, a six-year-old boxer from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7539016", "score": "0.7739041", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Remind Me (Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood song)", "text": "Recording Industry Association of America on September 30, 2013, and has sold 2,152,000 copies as of January 2016. The music video for Remind Me was filmed on June 27, 2011, at El Mirage Lake, California. Deaton-Flanigen directed the video. It shows Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood walking towards each other in the desert while they sing the song for each other. She is wearing a floral dress and he is wearing a shirt, jeans and a white cowboy hat. The desert represents their actual relationship like a barrel by walking towards each other is like they are trying to rekindle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15654635", "score": "0.7738586", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Remind Me (Conrad Sewell song)", "text": "was released on 18 March 2016. Remind Me (Conrad Sewell song) \"Remind Me\" is the fourth solo single by Australian singer Conrad Sewell. It was released on 5 February 2016 and taken from his debut extended play, \"All I Know\". The song was used in television commercials, promoting the 2016 season of \"Home and Away\". Sewell said \"The lyric came from missing someone or finishing a relationship or even someone that's just not around anymore in your life. You know, it's love and loss.\" A Steve James remix was released on 15 April 2016. A Matvey Emerson remix was released", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19323313", "score": "0.77367646", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "I Remember You (2015 film)", "text": "I Remember You (2015 film) I Remember You is a 2015 American romantic drama film written and directed by Claudia Sparrow. It stars Stefanie Butler and Joe Egender as two people who come to believe they are destined to fall in love. It premiered at the Downtown Film Festival on July 22, 2015, and was released theatrically on November 13, 2015. After Leah, a scientist, saves the life of Samuel, an actor, their lives change dramatically. Samuel comes to believe that they have always been destined to fall in love and eventually convinces Leah of his metaphysical ideas. The budget", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19302319", "score": "0.772138", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Remind Me (Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood song)", "text": "Remind Me (Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood song) \"Remind Me\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Brad Paisley featuring Carrie Underwood as a duet. It was released in May 2011 as the third single from Paisley's 2011 album \"This Is Country Music\". The music video for the song premiered on CMT on July 26, 2011. The song was also named Taste of Country's Song of The Year for 2011. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Chris DuBois. In an interview at the \"Billboard\" Country Music Summit in June 2011, Underwood described the recording", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15654629", "score": "0.7688888", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Remember That (Jessica Simpson song)", "text": "Remember That (Jessica Simpson song) \"Remember That\" is a song by American singer Jessica Simpson from her sixth studio album, \"Do You Know\" (2008).It was released on September 29, 2008, as the second single from the album. The single was written by Rachel Proctor and Victoria Banks and produced by Brett James and John Shanks. The song is about domestic violence. The song did not make much impact in the United States, peaking at number one on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100, but failing to reach the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. However, the song did manage to peak at number", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12458765", "score": "0.76492584", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Remind Me (Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood song)", "text": "the relationship. In the end, they are finally face-to-face. This open end leaves up in the air if they will remind each other, just like the song. Remind Me (Brad Paisley and Carrie Underwood song) \"Remind Me\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Brad Paisley featuring Carrie Underwood as a duet. It was released in May 2011 as the third single from Paisley's 2011 album \"This Is Country Music\". The music video for the song premiered on CMT on July 26, 2011. The song was also named Taste of Country's Song of The Year for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15654636", "score": "0.7648178", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "How You Remind Me", "long_answer": "\"How You Remind Me\" is a song by Canadian rock band Nickelback. It was released on August 21, 2001 as the lead single from their third studio album Silver Side Up (2001). A \"Gold Mix\" was made for latter editions of the single with the heavier guitars edited out of the chorus. Lead vocalist and guitarist Chad Kroeger wrote the song about his old girlfriend Jodi, with whom he had a dysfunctional relationship. He referred to this song as the song that put Nickelback on the map when played at their concert in Sturgis, South Dakota, and is often considered to be their signature song.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"How You Remind Me\" is a song by Canadian rock band Nickelback. It was released on August 21, 2001 as the lead single from their third studio album Silver Side Up (2001). A \"Gold Mix\" was made for latter editions of the single with the heavier guitars edited out of the chorus. Lead vocalist and guitarist Chad Kroeger wrote the song about his old girlfriend Jodi, with whom he had a dysfunctional relationship. He referred to this song as the song that put Nickelback on the map when played at their concert in Sturgis, South Dakota, and is often considered", "short_answers": [ "August 21, 2001" ] }

[ "sacroiliac joint" ]

[ { "title": "Sacroiliac joint", "text": "The sacroiliac joint or SI joint (SIJ) is the joint between the sacrum and the ilium bones of the pelvis, which are connected by strong ligaments. In humans, the sacrum supports the spine and is supported in turn by an ilium on each side. The joint is a strong, weight transferral synovial plane joint with irregular elevations and depressions that produce interlocking of the two bones. The human body has two sacroiliac joints, one on the left and one on the right, that often match each other but are highly variable from person to person.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Hip bone", "text": "Hip bone The hip bone (os coxa, innominate bone, pelvic bone or coxal bone) is a large flat bone, constricted in the center and expanded above and below. In some vertebrates (including humans before puberty) it is composed of three parts: the ilium, ischium, and the pubis. The two hip bones join at the pubic symphysis and together with the sacrum and coccyx (the pelvic part of the spine) comprise the skeletal component of the pelvis – the pelvic girdle which surrounds the pelvic cavity. They are connected to the sacrum, which is part of the axial skeleton, at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14476710", "score": "1.1273545", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Sacrum", "text": "Sacrum The sacrum ( or ; plural: \"sacra\" or \"sacrums\"), in human anatomy, is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine that forms by the fusing of sacral vertebrae S1S5 between 18 and 30years of age. The sacrum is situated at the upper, back part of the pelvic cavity, between the two wings of the pelvis. It forms joints with four other bones. The two projections at the sides of the sacrum are called the alae (wings), and articulate with the ilium at the L-shaped sacroiliac joints. The upper part of the sacrum connects with the last", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1774594", "score": "1.076093", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Pelvis", "text": "become lax permitting a high degree of mobility in the joint. When standing, with the hip joint extended, the ligaments get twisted around the femoral neck, pushing the head of the femur firmly into the Acetabulum, thus stabilizing the joint. The two hip bones are joined anteriorly at the pubic symphysis by a fibrous cartilage covered by a hyaline cartilage, the interpubic disk, within which a non-synovial cavity might be present. Two ligaments, the superior and inferior pubic ligaments, reinforce the symphysis. Both sacroiliac joints, formed between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and the two hip bones. are amphiarthroses,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15921893", "score": "1.0753139", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Hip", "text": "Hip In vertebrate anatomy, hip (or \"coxa\" in medical terminology) refers to either an anatomical region or a joint. The hip region is located lateral and anterior to the gluteal region (i.e., the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the femur, or \"thigh bone\". In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone or acetabulum which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (\"art. coxae\"), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5590753", "score": "1.0576987", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Hip bone", "text": "the coxal bones, that secures the pubic symphysis, is called the interpubic disc. Is a continuous oval ridge of bone that runs along the pubic symphysis, pubic crests, arcuate lines, sacral alae, and sacral promontory. (J Bridges) False Pelvis- Is that portion superior to the pelvic brim; it is bounded by the alae of the ilia laterally and the sacral promontory and lumbar vertebrae posteriorly. (J Bridges) True Pelvis- is the region inferior to the pelvic brim that is almost entirely surrounded by bone. (J Bridges) Pelvic Inlet- Is the opening delineated by the pelvic brim. The widest dimension of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14476715", "score": "1.0568608", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Acetabulum", "text": "Acetabulum The acetabulum (cotyloid cavity) is a concave surface of a pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum. The rest is formed by the pubis, near the midline. It is bounded by a prominent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1570399", "score": "1.0504078", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Buttock augmentation", "text": "sacrum, which is the large, triangular bone located at the base of the vertebral column, and at the upper- and back-part of the pelvic cavity, where it is inserted (like a wedge) between the two hip bones. The upper part of the sacrum is connected to the final lumbar vertebra (L5), and to the bottom of the coccyx (tailbone). At its origin, the gluteus maximus muscle extends to include parts of the iliac bone, the sacrum, the coccyx, the sacrosciatic ligament, and the tuberosity of the ischium. Like every pelvic-area muscle, the gluteus maximus muscle originates from the pelvis; nonetheless,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5691284", "score": "1.0477121", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Sacrococcygeal symphysis", "text": "the sacrum is convex and that on the coccyx concave. Occasionally the coccyx is freely movable on the sacrum, most notably during pregnancy; in such cases a synovial membrane is present. The joint is strengthened by a series of ligaments: Movements in the joint are restricted to flexion and extension. These essentially passive movements occurs during defecation and labour. When movements in the sacrum increase the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic outlet, movements in the sacrococcygeal joint can further increase this diameter. The joint is palpable deep within the natal cleft, and can be felt as a horizontal groove. With", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8018276", "score": "1.0441191", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Sacroiliac joint", "text": "variable from person to person. Sacroiliac joints are paired C-shaped or L-shaped joints capable of a small amount of movement (2–18 degrees, which is debatable at this time) that are formed between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and the ilium bones. The joints are covered by two different kinds of cartilage; the sacral surface has hyaline cartilage and the iliac surface has fibrocartilage. The SIJ's stability is maintained mainly through a combination of only some bony structure and very strong intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments. The joint space is usually 0.5 to 4 mm. As we age the characteristics of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3556541", "score": "1.0361398", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Pelvis", "text": "almost immobile joints enclosed by very taut joint capsules. This capsule is strengthened by the ventral, interosseous, and dorsal sacroiliac ligaments. The joint between the sacrum and the coccyx, the sacrococcygeal symphysis, is strengthened by a series of ligaments. The anterior sacrococcygeal ligament is an extension of the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) that run down the anterior side of the vertebral bodies. Its irregular fibers blend with the periosteum. The posterior sacrococcygeal ligament has a deep and a superficial part, the former is a flat band corresponding to the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) and the latter corresponds to the ligamenta", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15921894", "score": "1.030314", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Hip", "text": "and the cup-like acetabulum of the pelvis. It forms the primary connection between the bones of the lower limb and the axial skeleton of the trunk and pelvis. Both joint surfaces are covered with a strong but lubricated layer called articular hyaline cartilage. The cuplike acetabulum forms at the union of three pelvic bones — the ilium, pubis, and ischium. The Y-shaped growth plate that separates them, the triradiate cartilage, is fused definitively at ages 14–16. It is a special type of spheroidal or ball and socket joint where the roughly spherical femoral head is largely contained within the acetabulum", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5590755", "score": "1.0276691", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Acetabular fracture", "text": "Acetabular fracture Fractures of the acetabulum occur when the head of the femur is driven into the pelvis. This injury is caused by a blow to either the side or front of the knee and often occurs as a dashboard injury accompanied by a fracture of the femur. The acetabulum is a cavity situated on the outer surface of the hip bone, also called the coxal bone or innominate bone. It is made up of three bones, the ilium, ischium, and pubis. Together, the acetabulum and head of the femur form the hip joint. Fractures of the acetabulum in young", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15785438", "score": "1.010294", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Pelvis", "text": "ischium, and pubis) oriented in a ring, and connects the pelvic region of the spine to the lower limbs. The pelvic spine consists of the sacrum and coccyx. The pelvic skeleton is formed posteriorly (in the area of the back), by the sacrum and the coccyx and laterally and anteriorly (forward and to the sides), by a pair of hip bones. Each hip bone consists of 3 sections, ilium, ischium, and pubis. During childhood, these sections are separate bones, joined by the triradiate cartilage. During puberty, they fuse together to form a single bone. The pelvic cavity is a body", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15921881", "score": "1.0073112", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Sacrum", "text": "caudal and thoracic vertebrae to form a single structure called the synsacrum. In the frog the ilium is elongated and forms a mobile joint with the sacrum that acts as an additional limb to give more power to its leaps. Sacrum The sacrum ( or ; plural: \"sacra\" or \"sacrums\"), in human anatomy, is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine that forms by the fusing of sacral vertebrae S1S5 between 18 and 30years of age. The sacrum is situated at the upper, back part of the pelvic cavity, between the two wings of the pelvis. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1774618", "score": "1.0031855", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Acetabulum", "text": "ilium, ischium, and pubis. This cartilage ossifies as the child grows. The word acetabulum literally means \"little vinegar cup\". It was the Latin word for a small vessel for serving vinegar. The word was later also used as a unit of volume. Acetabulum The acetabulum (cotyloid cavity) is a concave surface of a pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1570404", "score": "1.0026137", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Pelvic girdle pain", "text": "time, the ligaments could be stretched either by injury or excess strain and in turn may cause PGP. The pelvis is the largest bony part of the skeleton and contains three joints: the pubic symphysis, and two sacroiliac joints. A highly durable network of ligaments surrounds these joints giving them tremendous strength. The pubic symphysis has a fibrocartilage joint which may contain a fluid filled cavity and is avascular; it is supported by the superior and arcuate ligaments. The sacroiliac joints are synovial, but their movement is restricted throughout life and they are progressively obliterated by adhesions. The nature of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10642341", "score": "0.99988776", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Pelvis", "text": "and to the left and right sides, by a pair of hip bones. The two hip bones connect the spine with the lower limbs. They are attached to the sacrum posteriorly, connected to each other anteriorly, and joined with the two femurs at the hip joints. The gap enclosed by the bony pelvis, called the pelvic cavity, is the section of the body underneath the abdomen and mainly consists of the reproductive organs (sex organs) and the rectum, while the pelvic floor at the base of the cavity assists in supporting the organs of the abdomen. In mammals, the bony", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15921879", "score": "0.99627244", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Protrusio acetabuli", "text": "movement is the earliest sign, along with pain. The protrusio may progress until the femoral neck impinges against the pelvis. Arthroscopic surgery (or open joint surgery) is an effective treatment. Joint replacement surgery may be necessary in the case of severe pain or substantial joint restriction. Prominent trabeculae. * Normal sacro-iliac joints and symphysis pubis. Protrusio acetabuli Protrusio acetabuli is an uncommon defect of the acetabulum. The acetabulum is the socket that receives the femoral head to make the hip joint. The hip bone of the pelvic bone/girdle is composed of three bones, the ilium, the ischium and the pubis.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10097893", "score": "0.98317325", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Sacrospinous ligament", "text": "other pelvic ligaments and supportive structures are weakened. One treatment is sacrospinous fixation. In this surgery, the apex of the vagina is sutured to the sacrospinous ligament, which may offer a sturdier support than weakened pelvic ligaments, ideally preventing further prolapse. Sacrospinous ligament The sacrospinous ligament (small or anterior sacrosciatic ligament) is a thin, triangular ligament in the human pelvis. The base of the ligament is attached to the outer edge of the sacrum and coccyx, and the tip of the ligament attaches to the spine of the ischium, a bone in the human pelvis. Its fibres are intermingled with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7080877", "score": "0.9784148", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Pelvic fracture", "text": "Pelvic fracture A pelvic fracture is a break of the bony structure of the pelvis. This includes any break of the sacrum, hip bones (ischium, pubis, ilium), or tailbone. Symptoms include pain, particularly with movement. Complications may include internal bleeding, injury to the bladder, or vaginal trauma. Common causes include falls, motor vehicle collisions, a pedestrian being hit by a vehicle, or a direct crush injury. In younger people significant trauma is typically required while in older people less significant trauma can result in a fracture. They are divided into two types: stable and unstable. Unstable fractures are further divided", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8417765", "score": "0.97670114", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Sacrococcygeal symphysis", "text": "Sacrococcygeal symphysis The sacrococcygeal symphysis (sacrococcygeal articulation, articulation of the sacrum and coccyx) is an amphiarthrodial joint, formed between the oval surface at the apex of the sacrum, and the base of the coccyx. It is a slightly moveable joint which is frequently, partially or completely, obliterated in old age, homologous with the joints between the bodies of the vertebrae. The sacrococcygeal disc or interosseus ligament is similar to the intervertebral discs but thinner, thicker in front and behind than at the sides, and with a firmer texture. The articular surfaces are elliptical with longer transversal axes. The surface on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8018275", "score": "0.97472584", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Sacrococcygeal symphysis", "text": "the palpating finger on the dorsal surface of the coccyx, a degree of rotation can be produced with an applied forward pressure. Sacrococcygeal symphysis The sacrococcygeal symphysis (sacrococcygeal articulation, articulation of the sacrum and coccyx) is an amphiarthrodial joint, formed between the oval surface at the apex of the sacrum, and the base of the coccyx. It is a slightly moveable joint which is frequently, partially or completely, obliterated in old age, homologous with the joints between the bodies of the vertebrae. The sacrococcygeal disc or interosseus ligament is similar to the intervertebral discs but thinner, thicker in front and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8018277", "score": "0.972452", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Iliolumbar ligament", "text": "when dense enough. It radiates as it passes laterally and is attached by two main bands to the pelvis. The lower bands run to the base of the sacrum, blending with the anterior sacroiliac ligament; the upper is attached to the crest of the ilium immediately in front of the sacroiliac articulation, and is continuous above with the lumbodorsal fascia. In front, it is in relation with the Psoas major; behind, with the muscles occupying the vertebral groove; above, with the Quadratus lumborum. The ililumbar ligament strengthens the lumbosacral joint assisted by the lateral lumbosacral ligament, and, like all other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8017786", "score": "0.9718447", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Sacrospinous ligament", "text": "Sacrospinous ligament The sacrospinous ligament (small or anterior sacrosciatic ligament) is a thin, triangular ligament in the human pelvis. The base of the ligament is attached to the outer edge of the sacrum and coccyx, and the tip of the ligament attaches to the spine of the ischium, a bone in the human pelvis. Its fibres are intermingled with the sacrotuberous ligament. The sacrotuberous ligament passes behind the sacrospinous ligament. In its entire length it covers the equally triangular coccygeus muscle, to which its closely connected. The presence of the ligament in the greater sciatic notch creates an opening (foramen),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7080874", "score": "0.97049606", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Posterior sacrococcygeal ligament", "text": "Posterior sacrococcygeal ligament The posterior sacrococcygeal ligament or dorsal sacrococcygeal ligament is a ligament which stretches from the sacrum to the coccyx and thus dorsally across the sacrococcygeal symphysis shared by these two bones. This ligament is divisible in two parts: A short deep part which unites the two bones, and a larger superficial portion which completes the lower back part of the sacral canal. On either side, two lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments run between the transverse processes of the coccyx and the inferior lateral angle of the sacrum. It is in relation, behind, with the gluteus maximus. The deep dorsal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8226585", "score": "0.96940494", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Acetabular fracture", "text": "initial period or bed rest, followed by mobilsation by trained therapist Total time to recover may be up to 3 months Acetabular fracture Fractures of the acetabulum occur when the head of the femur is driven into the pelvis. This injury is caused by a blow to either the side or front of the knee and often occurs as a dashboard injury accompanied by a fracture of the femur. The acetabulum is a cavity situated on the outer surface of the hip bone, also called the coxal bone or innominate bone. It is made up of three bones, the ilium,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15785446", "score": "0.9651774", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Diastasis symphysis pubis", "text": "pubis. An X-ray film will show a marked gap between the pubic bones, normally there is a 4–5 mm gap but in pregnancy, hormonal influences cause relaxation of the connecting ligaments and the bones separate up to 9 mm. To demonstrate instability of the joint the patient is required to stand in the \"flamingo\" position, (standing with weight on one leg and the other bent). A vertical displacement of more than 1 cm is an indicator of symphysis pubis instability. A displacement of more than 2 cm usually indicates involvement of the sacroiliac joints. Both diagnostic machines can produce detailed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9774442", "score": "0.95830643", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Coccyx fracture", "text": "Coccyx fracture A coccyx fracture is a fracture of the coccyx, commonly called a 'broken tailbone' or ‘puzzle fracture.’ The coccyx is located at the base of the spine, under the sacrum. It is the last section of the ape vertebral column. Most commonly in humans it comprises 3 to 5 fused (or, more rarely, separate) vertebrae, and is approximately 4 to 10 cm in length. The coccyx is attached to the sacrum by a fibrocartilaginous joint, called the sacrococcygeal symphysis, allowing for some (but little) movement. Causes of coccyx fracture can vary greatly, but are most commonly confined to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15661636", "score": "0.95637983", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Pelvis", "text": "the spine between the rib cage and pelvis. The iliacus originates on the iliac fossa to join psoas at the iliopubic eminence to form the iliopsoas which is inserted into the lesser trochanter. The iliopsoas is the most powerful hip flexor. The posterior group includes the gluteii maximus, medius, and minimus. Maximus has a wide origin stretching from the posterior part of the iliac crest and along the sacrum and coccyx, and has two separate insertions: a proximal which radiates into the iliotibial tract and a distal which inserts into the gluteal tuberosity on the posterior side of the femoral", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15921901", "score": "0.9551158", "original_retrieval_index": 40 } ]

{ "title": "Sacroiliac joint", "long_answer": "The sacroiliac joint or SI joint (SIJ) is the joint between the sacrum and the ilium bones of the pelvis, which are connected by strong ligaments. In humans, the sacrum supports the spine and is supported in turn by an ilium on each side. The joint is a strong, weight transferral synovial plane joint with irregular elevations and depressions that produce interlocking of the two bones. The human body has two sacroiliac joints, one on the left and one on the right, that often match each other but are highly variable from person to person.", "chunked_long_answer": "The sacroiliac joint or SI joint (SIJ) is the joint between the sacrum and the ilium bones of the pelvis, which are connected by strong ligaments. In humans, the sacrum supports the spine and is supported in turn by an ilium on each side. The joint is a strong, weight transferral synovial plane joint with irregular elevations and depressions that produce interlocking of the two bones. The human body has two sacroiliac joints, one on the left and one on the right, that often match each other but are highly variable from person to person.", "short_answers": [ "sacroiliac joint" ] }

[ "Far Away" ]

[ { "title": "Music of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "Red Dead Redemption won the award for Best Original Music from GameSpot, and Best Original Score at the Spike Video Game Awards; the latter also awarded \"Far Away\" by José González with Best Song in a Game. Gonzalez performed the song on Zane Lowe's show on BBC Radio 1 in June 2010, at the Rockstar offices in New York in July 2010, and at the Spike Video Game Awards in December 2010. The performance at the Spike Video Game Awards was accompanied by a music video for the song, which Rockstar published a few weeks later. Ashtar Command also performed", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Development of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "spent three weeks compiling fifteen instrumental tracks that could be used as standalone songs for the game's official soundtrack. Holmes attempted to make the soundtrack representative of the variety of sounds and moods in the game. Four vocal performances were also recorded for use in the soundtrack. Recorded at 130 beats per minute in A minor, most of songs featured are constructed from stems in the game's dynamic soundtrack. A mix of modern instruments and those featured in traditional Western films, such as the jaw harp, were used. Creative uses of instruments were used to bring unique sounds, such as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314972", "score": "1.0589314", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Music of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "fifteen months. The original score and subsequent album were both recorded and mixed at Jackson's personal recording studio in Los Angeles, and mastered at Capitol Studios. Following the recording, Irish producer and composer David Holmes listened to the original score, and subsequently spent three weeks compiling fifteen instrumental tracks that could be used as standalone songs for the game's official soundtrack. Holmes attempted to make the soundtrack representative of the variety of sounds and moods in the game. Four vocal performances were also recorded for use in the soundtrack. Recorded at 130 beats per minute in A minor, most of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314990", "score": "1.0449891", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Music of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "and features four additional vocal songs. Rockstar Games first published the album digitally via iTunes on 18 May 2010, and physically on 23 August 2010. A limited vinyl record of the soundtrack was also released on 18 November 2010, as a collaboration between Rockstar and Wax Poetics. In the context of the game, \"Red Dead Redemption Original Soundtrack\" was well received. Simon Parkin of Eurogamer named it \"standout\", praising the use of multiple instruments. GamePro's Will Herring echoed these opinions, comparing the soundtrack to Ennio Morricone's \"Dollars Trilogy\". Justin Calvert of GameSpot called the soundtrack \"superb\", and IGN's Erik Brudvig", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314993", "score": "1.0181388", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Music of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "Music of Red Dead Redemption The music for the 2010 action-adventure western video game \"Red Dead Redemption\", developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games, was composed by musicians Bill Elm and Woody Jackson. Recorded at Jackson's studio in Los Angeles, the soundtracks were produced by David Holmes. The music was intended to imitate soundtracks of 1960s Western films, such as Ennio Morricone's work on the \"Dollars Trilogy\". In collaboration with each other, Elm and Jackson produced over fourteen hours of music across fifteen months. The composers used unconventional instruments to create unique sounds, and worked with artists", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314987", "score": "1.0099617", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Music of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "such as Tommy Morgan during production. Four supplementary vocal recordings were also produced for the game. The soundtrack album for \"Red Dead Redemption\" was released on iTunes in May 2010. Additional compositions, composed for the game's downloadable content \"\", were released on a second soundtrack in November 2010. Critical reception to the soundtracks was positive, as reviewers felt that the music connected appropriately with the gameplay and genre. The game's music was nominated for numerous awards. Several tracks became popular and begot cover versions and live performances. \"Red Dead Redemption\" is one of the first games by Rockstar to use", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314988", "score": "1.007349", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Music of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "Rockstar Games first published the album digitally via iTunes and Amazon Music on 23 November 2010, simultaneous with the release of \"Undead Nightmare\", and physically on 26 November 2010. In the context of the game, the soundtrack was generally well received. Harris Iqbal of \"Game Music Online\" praised its ability to incorporate horror and western music, stating that the soundtrack is \"sometimes gimmicky and narrow in its scope, but there is still a decent amount of variety\". Michael McWhertor of \"Kotaku\" called the soundtrack \"gorgeous\". \"Red Dead Redemption\" won the award for Best Original Music from GameSpot, and Best Original", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314995", "score": "1.0054181", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Music of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "songs featured are constructed from motifs in the game's dynamic soundtrack. A mix of modern instruments and those featured in traditional Western films, such as the jaw harp, were used. Creative uses of instruments were used to bring unique sounds, such as playing a trumpet onto the surface of a timpani drum. Rockstar also consulted musicians who played traditional Western instruments; harmonica player Tommy Morgan, who had been featured on several films over his 60-year career, provided traditional harmonica segments for the game. Beyond trumpets, nylon guitars and accordions, the composers incorporated other instruments, such as flutes and ocarinas. When", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314991", "score": "0.98176384", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Music of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "game has led to numerous cover versions of the music being released by various artists, such as musician Ben \"Squid Physics\" Morfitt, and artist María Katt. Notes Footnotes Music of Red Dead Redemption The music for the 2010 action-adventure western video game \"Red Dead Redemption\", developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games, was composed by musicians Bill Elm and Woody Jackson. Recorded at Jackson's studio in Los Angeles, the soundtracks were produced by David Holmes. The music was intended to imitate soundtracks of 1960s Western films, such as Ennio Morricone's work on the \"Dollars Trilogy\". In collaboration", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314997", "score": "0.9760499", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Red Dead Redemption", "text": "were mostly recorded using motion capture technology, with additional dialogue and sound effects recorded in a studio. \"Red Dead Redemption\" also features an original score, which was composed by Bill Elm and Woody Jackson, collaborating with each other over fifteen months. Rockstar also consulted musicians who played traditional Western instruments, such as harmonica player Tommy Morgan. Though a technology demonstration was shown in 2005, \"Red Dead Redemption\" was first formally announced by Rockstar Games on February 3, 2009. The debut trailer was released on May 6, 2009, introducing the game's protagonist. The game missed its original projected April 2010 release", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10320701", "score": "0.9748392", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Development of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "contemporary society, which the team tried to portray. In addition, while they felt that \"Revolver\" was constrained by its level-based structure, the team saw potential in creating a game similar to that of Rockstar's \"Grand Theft Auto\" series, in terms of quality, scope and detail. \"Red Dead Redemption\" is one of the first games by Rockstar to use an original score. Music supervisor Ivan Pavlovich has cited the large scale of the game as one of the largest difficulties when producing the score. He said that, in order to achieve an effective gaming experience, the game could not solely feature", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314970", "score": "0.9623884", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Music of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "an original score. Music supervisor Ivan Pavlovich has cited the large scale of the game as one of the largest difficulties when producing the score. He said that, in order to achieve an effective gaming experience, the game could not solely feature licensed music, like previous Rockstar games. \"We figured we'd need to write an original score,\" Pavlovich said. To work on the score, Rockstar engaged Bill Elm and Woody Jackson, member and former member of Friends of Dean Martinez, respectively. In collaboration with each other, the duo composed over fourteen hours of music, which scores the game's missions, across", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314989", "score": "0.959762", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Music of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "researching music for inspiration, Jackson found that there was no \"Western sound\" in 1911; he felt that the soundtracks of 1960s Western films, such as Ennio Morricone's work on the \"Dollars Trilogy\", was more representative of Western music. In appropriating the score to the game's setting, Elm commented that the process was initially \"daunting\", taking a long time to discover how the music was to work in an interactive way. Red Dead Redemption Original Soundtrack comprises songs from the game, composed and produced by Bill Elm and Woody Jackson. The soundtrack spans twenty tracks, covering a duration of 75 minutes,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314992", "score": "0.95688033", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Red Dead Redemption", "text": "a sequel. The game, \"Red Dead Redemption 2\", was officially announced by Rockstar that same month and was released on the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on October 26, 2018. Notes Footnotes Red Dead Redemption Red Dead Redemption is a Western-themed action-adventure game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. A spiritual successor to 2004's \"Red Dead Revolver\", it is the second game in the \"Red Dead\" series, and was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in May 2010. \"Red Dead Redemption\" is set during the decline of the American frontier in the year 1911", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10320716", "score": "0.9543811", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Red Dead Redemption", "text": "Red Dead Redemption Red Dead Redemption is a Western-themed action-adventure game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. A spiritual successor to 2004's \"Red Dead Revolver\", it is the second game in the \"Red Dead\" series, and was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in May 2010. \"Red Dead Redemption\" is set during the decline of the American frontier in the year 1911 and follows John Marston, a former outlaw whose wife and son are taken hostage by the government in ransom for his services as a hired gun. Having no other choice, Marston sets", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10320673", "score": "0.9527615", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Music of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "named it \"exceptional\" and \"wonderful\". \"Game Music Online\" praised the soundtrack as an individual piece, stating that it has the ability to accompany \"any Hollywood film\". Gideon Dabi of \"Original Sound Version\" felt divided about the soundtrack; though heaping praise, he wrote that it was \"a little too slow on the draw\". \"Red Dead Redemption: Undead Nightmare Original Soundtrack\", the soundtrack for the downloadable content \"\", features compositions from the game, composed and produced by Bill Elm and Woody Jackson. It also features works from bands Kreeps and Misterio. The soundtrack spans eighteen tracks, covering a duration of 49 minutes.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314994", "score": "0.9437966", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Development of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "world, set in New Austin, Nuevo Paraíso and West Elizabeth, represents iconic features of the American frontier, in which the game is set. In \"Red Dead Redemption\", players mainly control former outlaw John Marston as he sets out to bring his former gang to justice. The team used motion capture to record the body movements of the characters and hired professional actors to provide voices. \"Red Dead Redemption\" features an original score composed over fifteen months by two music producers. Collaboratively, the duo composed over fourteen hours of music, which scores the game's missions. Preliminary work on \"Red Dead Redemption\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314952", "score": "0.93980503", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Development of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "\"Red Dead Redemption\" was the focus of the May 7, 2010 episode of \"GameTrailers TV with Geoff Keighley\", featuring exclusive gameplay footage of the game. The final pre-launch trailer was released on May 13, 2010. Viral marketing strategies were used to market the game. The official \"Red Dead Redemption\" website was redesigned on March 16, April 14, April 21, April 26, May 10, and May 12, 2010. To encourage pre-order sales, Rockstar collaborated with several retail outlets to provide pre-order bonuses. These included an exclusive outfit, weapon and horse for players to use in the game. The game's official soundtrack", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314982", "score": "0.9387442", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Development of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "Development of Red Dead Redemption The development of \"Red Dead Redemption\" began in 2005. Rockstar Games released \"Red Dead Redemption\" on May 18, 2010, for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. One of their studios, Rockstar San Diego, oversaw the work, sharing it with other studios around the world. The development team considered the game a spiritual successor to \"Red Dead Revolver\". \"Red Dead Redemption\" was delayed numerous times through its four-year development, often attributed to technological problems. The working hours and managerial style of the studio during development was met with public complaints from staff members. \"Red Dead Redemption\" was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314950", "score": "0.93184006", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Development of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "a select number of people at a Sony conference in 2005, promoting the release of the PlayStation 3. The trailer was a technology demonstration of the Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE). It was referred to as \"Old West Project\", and a sequel to \"Red Dead Revolver\". The trailer circulated throughout the Internet. On February 3, 2009, Rockstar Games officially announced \"Red Dead Redemption\". The April 2009 edition of \"Game Informer\" confirmed that the game would be released for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows; Rockstar later confirmed that this listing was a mistake, and that the game would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314977", "score": "0.9304726", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Red Dead Redemption 2", "text": "Sadie, and Charles. Afterward, Sadie and Charles leave for other pursuits. The final scene shows Pinkerton agents Ross and Fordham observing John's ranch, initiating the events of \"Red Dead Redemption\". \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" was developed by Rockstar Studios, a collaborative effort between all of Rockstar Games' studios functioning as a single team, using the proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE). Woody Jackson, who co-composed the score of \"Red Dead Redemption\", reprises his role. The game was announced in October 2016. In the two days prior, the company had used various social media platforms as well as their own website", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19793550", "score": "0.9287653", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Development of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "are unique ambiences; these are broken down into smaller sounds, such as bugs and animals, which are further refined to reflect the weather and time. The sound department was given specific instructions for the tone of game locations; for example, Thieves' Landing was to feel \"creepy\" and \"off-putting\". The sounds of the game's weapons were also intricately developed; in order to feel as realistic as possible, each weapon has a variety of similar firing sounds. The development of the game's Foley began with a week-long session, where two Foley artists from Los Angeles were sent to record thousands of sounds", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314975", "score": "0.92846096", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Red Dead Redemption", "text": "publications, and is considered by critics as one of the greatest video games ever made. After the game's release, several downloadable content additions were released; \"\", later released as a standalone game, added a new single-player experience in which Marston searches for a cure for an infectious zombie plague that has swept across the Old West. A \"Game of the Year Edition\" containing all additional content was released in October 2011. A prequel, \"Red Dead Redemption 2\", was released in October 2018 to further acclaim. \"Red Dead Redemption\" is a Western-themed action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. The player", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10320676", "score": "0.92676604", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Red Dead Redemption", "text": "provide a rich experience for players. He summarized by stating \"you can also expect a fantastic game that offers the Western experience we've all been waiting for.\" \"Game Informer\" called the scenery \"breathtaking\", and the cinematic cutscenes \"vastly improved\" over \"Grand Theft Auto IV\", and named it the \"best-looking Rockstar game to date\". The music, sound and voice acting in the game was also widely praised and spoken about. It won the Best Original Music and Best Voice Acting awards from GameSpot. When talking about the sound design of \"Red Dead Redemption\", \"Game Informer\" said \"From pitch-perfect gunshots to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10320706", "score": "0.9152534", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Red Dead Redemption", "text": "date, pushed back to May 18, 2010 to allow for further polishing. To spur pre-order game sales, Rockstar collaborated with several retail outlets to provide pre-order bonuses. These included exclusive in-game outfits, weapons and horses, as well as the game's official soundtrack. Post-release content was added to \"Red Dead Redemption\" as downloadable content (DLC) packs. \"Outlaws to the End\", released on June 22, 2010, added six new cooperative side missions for the game's multiplayer. The Legends and Killers pack was released on August 10, 2010; it added eight multiplayer characters from \"Red Dead Revolver\", nine map locations, and a Tomahawk", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10320702", "score": "0.91367215", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Red Dead Redemption 2", "text": "twice: first to Q1/Q2 2018, and later to October 26, 2018. The online multiplayer portion of the game called \"Red Dead Online\" was released as a closed beta on November 27, 2018, and unlocked for all players on November 30. During an IGN Q&A session with various Rockstar developers, when asked why it would not be available simultaneously with the base game, design director Imran Sarwar answered \"\"Red Dead Redemption 2\" is an absolutely massive story-based game that we hope people will be lost in for a long time and we want people to experience everything that world has to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19793552", "score": "0.91314703", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Development of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "officially announced in 2009; it was heavily promoted and widely anticipated. Rockstar improved their proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE) to increase its animation and draw distance rendering capabilities. The game uses the Euphoria and Bullet engines for further animation and environment rendering tasks. The developers felt inspired to create the game after realising the potential power of both the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, having exhausted the use of older hardware on previous projects. The development team conducted extensive research, visiting historical American landmarks and analyzing classic Western films, to achieve realism while creating the game. The game's open", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314951", "score": "0.9102972", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Red Dead Online", "text": "Red Dead Online Red Dead Online is an online multiplayer action-adventure video game developed and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on November 27, 2018 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One as the multiplayer component of \"Red Dead Redemption 2\". \"Red Dead Online\" is the multiplayer component of the 2018 video game \"Red Dead Redemption 2\". Player progression in the single-player story does not affect the multiplayer game. Upon entering the game world, players customize a character and are free to explore the environment alone or in a \"posse\" group. There are also organized activities for individuals and groups,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20997155", "score": "0.90628004", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Red Dead Redemption 2", "text": "Red Dead Redemption 2 Red Dead Redemption 2 is a Western-themed action-adventure game developed and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on October 26, 2018, for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One consoles. The third entry in the \"Red Dead\" series, it is a prequel to the 2010 game \"Red Dead Redemption\". Set in 1899 in a fictionalized version of the Western United States, the story centers on outlaw Arthur Morgan, a member of the Van der Linde gang dealing with the decline of the Wild West whilst attempting to survive against government forces, rival gangs, and other opponents.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19793529", "score": "0.90502167", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Development of Red Dead Redemption", "text": "to the game's setting, Elm commented that the process was initially \"daunting\", taking a long time to discover how the music was to work in an interactive way. From the beginning of development, the sound development team wished to achieve authenticity in the game's sounds. After the art department sent artwork to the sound department, the latter were inspired to achieve realism, researching all sounds that were to be used in the game. Throughout development, sound editors often presented ideas, which would then be effortlessly achieved by the audio programmers. In the three main areas of the game world, there", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18314974", "score": "0.90383446", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Music of Red Dead Redemption", "long_answer": "Red Dead Redemption won the award for Best Original Music from GameSpot, and Best Original Score at the Spike Video Game Awards; the latter also awarded \"Far Away\" by José González with Best Song in a Game. Gonzalez performed the song on Zane Lowe's show on BBC Radio 1 in June 2010, at the Rockstar offices in New York in July 2010, and at the Spike Video Game Awards in December 2010. The performance at the Spike Video Game Awards was accompanied by a music video for the song, which Rockstar published a few weeks later. Ashtar Command also performed a live version of the song \"Deadman's Gun\" in August 2010. The popularity of the game has led to numerous cover versions of the music being released by various artists, such as musician Ben \"Squid Physics\" Morfitt, and artist María Katt.", "chunked_long_answer": "Red Dead Redemption won the award for Best Original Music from GameSpot, and Best Original Score at the Spike Video Game Awards; the latter also awarded \"Far Away\" by José González with Best Song in a Game. Gonzalez performed the song on Zane Lowe's show on BBC Radio 1 in June 2010, at the Rockstar offices in New York in July 2010, and at the Spike Video Game Awards in December 2010. The performance at the Spike Video Game Awards was accompanied by a music video for the song, which Rockstar published a few weeks later. Ashtar Command also performed", "short_answers": [ "Far Away" ] }

[ "2015,", "2015", "2014–15", "2016" ]

[ { "title": "Stephen Curry", "text": "Curry II (/ˈstɛfən/ STEF-ən; born March 14, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Many players and analysts have called him the greatest shooter in NBA history. In 2014–15, Curry won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award and led the Warriors to their first championship since 1975. The following season, he became the first player in NBA history to be elected MVP by a unanimous vote and to lead the league in scoring while shooting above 50–40–90. That same year, the Warriors broke the record for the most wins", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Stephen Curry", "text": "free-throw line (.908). For the season, Curry was named the league's first ever unanimous MVP, becoming the 11th player in NBA history to win the award in consecutive seasons and the first guard to do so since Steve Nash in 2004–05 and 2005–06. In playoffs, the Warriors defeated the Houston Rockets in the first round despite Curry only playing in the first half of games one and four due to injury. A right MCL injury kept him out of the first three games of the second round. In game four of the second-round series against the Portland Trail Blazers, Curry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8064565", "score": "1.0714333", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "2015 NBA Finals", "text": "LeBron James, who made only 38.1% of his shots when Iguodala was in the game, but still averaged 35.8 points, 13.3 rebounds, and 8.8 assists. James received four of the 11 votes for Finals MVP even though Cleveland lost by an average of 14 points in the final three games. Stephen Curry was just the sixth player to win his first league MVP and his first NBA title in the same season. Shaquille O'Neal was the last player to have accomplished the feat, in 1999–2000. Kerr became the first rookie coach to win a title since Pat Riley in 1981–82.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17996883", "score": "1.0679026", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Stephen Curry", "text": "Finals for a third straight year while becoming the first team in league history to start the playoffs 12–0. In Game 2 of the 2017 NBA Finals against the Cleveland Cavaliers, Curry recorded his first career postseason triple-double with 32 points, 11 assists and 10 rebounds to help the Warriors go up 2–0 in the series with a 132–113 win. Curry helped the Warriors clinch the series and the championship in Game 5 with 34 points, 10 assists and six rebounds, as Golden State claimed its second title in three years. On July 1, 2017, Curry agreed to a five-year,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8064572", "score": "1.0404153", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Stephen Curry", "text": "for the month of April, averaging 25.4 points, 8.1 assists, 3.9 rebounds and 2.13 steals in eight games in the final month of the season to become the third Warrior to ever win the award, joining Chris Mullin (November 1990 and January 1989) and Bernard King (January 1981). He tallied two of the NBA's top six scoring games with 54 points on February 27 at New York and 47 on April 12 at Los Angeles, becoming the first Warrior to score 45-plus at New York and L.A. in the same season since Rick Barry in 1966 (joining Barry, Guy Rodgers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8064550", "score": "1.0241657", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Stephen Curry", "text": "the NBA Most Valuable Player after posting averages of 23.8 points, 7.7 assists and 2 steals per game. Over the course of the season, he sat out 17 fourth quarters due to Golden State's wide margins of victory. In Game 5 of the Conference Semifinals against the Memphis Grizzlies, Curry became the first player in league history to register six three-pointers and six steals in a game. In Game 6, he made a playoff career-high eight three-pointers en route to a series-clinching victory. In Game 3 of the Conference Finals against the Houston Rockets, he broke the NBA record for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8064556", "score": "1.0100074", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Stephen Curry", "text": "with a 115–86 victory over the Rockets. In Game 7, Curry recorded 27 points, 10 assists and nine rebounds, as the Warriors earned a fourth straight trip to the NBA Finals by beating the Rockets 101–92. In Game 2 of the NBA Finals, Curry hit a Finals-record nine 3-pointers and scored 33 points in a 122–103 win over the Cavaliers. In Game 4, Curry led all scorers with 37 points in a 108–85 win that helped the Warriors clinch their second straight championship with a series sweep over the Cavaliers. Many felt that he should have won Finals MVP. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8064578", "score": "1.0064926", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2017 NBA Playoffs", "text": "Thompson's, and Draymond Green's second in three years. Durant, who scored over 30 points in each of five games (the first player to do so since Shaquille O'Neal in 2000 with Los Angeles), was the recipient of the 2017 Bill Russell NBA Finals' MVP award. Within each conference, the eight teams with the most wins qualify for the playoffs. The seedings are based on each team's record. Each conference's bracket is fixed; there is no reseeding. All rounds are best-of-seven series; the team that has four wins advances to the next round. As stated above, all rounds, including the NBA", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19423220", "score": "1.0041109", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2017–18 Golden State Warriors season", "text": "Finals game with nine. Stephen Curry, Kevin Durant, Draymond Green, and Klay Thompson were all named to the All-Star Game, the first time in NBA history that a team has had four All-Stars in consecutive seasons, and just the ninth time in NBA history a single team has had four players in the game. Curry was named captain, being the leading vote getter from the Western Conference. The Warriors ended the regular season with a slew of injuries to all four of their All-Stars, including an MCL sprain for Curry that kept him out for six weeks, and lost ten", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20162776", "score": "0.9947556", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Stephen Curry", "text": "response, Curry stated, \"At the end of the day, I'm not going to let a [Finals] MVP trophy define my career. Three titles ... Wherever that puts us in the conversation in the history of the NBA ... I'm a three-time champ.\" Rohan Nadkarni of \"Sports Illustrated\" argued that \"the Golden State dynasty started with Stephen Curry. He, for numerous reasons stretching from his incredible talent to his previous ankle injuries, put the Warriors in place to win their third championship in four seasons.\" On October 21, 2018, Curry had 30 points and six 3-pointers in a 100–98 loss to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8064579", "score": "0.9931865", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2015 NBA Finals", "text": "around. Golden State won the series in six games, claiming their first title since 1975 and their fourth in franchise history. They played small ball in the Finals to a greater extent than any prior champion. Combining regular season and playoff games, the Warriors finished 83–20, the third-best record ever behind the Chicago Bulls in 1995–96 (87–13) and 1996–97 (84–17). Iguodala was named the Finals MVP, becoming the first to win the award without having started every game in the series. He finished the Finals averaging 16.3 points, 4 assists, and 5.8 rebounds. He was also tasked with guarding Cleveland's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17996882", "score": "0.9904797", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2016–17 Golden State Warriors season", "text": "win 30 road games in back-to-back seasons, joining the 1995–96 and 1996–97 Chicago Bulls. Stephen Curry set numerous three-point NBA records this season; including most three-pointers made in a single game with 13 and most consecutive games (regular-season and postseason combined) with a made three-pointer with 196. Curry also surpassed 300 three-pointers in the regular-season for the second time in NBA history; he finished with 324. Draymond Green won the Defensive Player of the Year Award at the NBA Awards, the first time a Warrior has won it. Kevin Durant won the NBA Finals MVP award, the third time a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19517180", "score": "0.9848544", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2016 NBA All-Star Game", "text": "West players offered to feed Bryant the ball in an attempt to get him a record fifth All-Star MVP, but he declined. Patrick Beverley was unable to participate due to an ankle injury. Emmanuel Mudiay was selected to replace Beverley. Teammates Stephen Curry and Klay Thompson of the Golden State Warriors, known as the Splash Brothers, were the favorites to win the contest. The betting site, Bovada, listed the defending-champion Curry as the favorite to win with 10–11 odds, while Thompson was second at 9–2. Contestant Devin Booker would be the youngest participant to ever compete in the Three-Point contest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17103968", "score": "0.98046327", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Patrick McCaw", "text": "to do so since Robert Parish in 1977. McCaw started again in Game 4, finishing with six points, four rebounds, two assists, one block, and a plus-12 in a 129–115 win over the Spurs. The Warriors went on to win the 2017 NBA Championship after defeating the Cleveland Cavaliers 4–1 in the NBA Finals. The Warriors finished the playoffs with a 16–1 record, the best postseason winning percentage in NBA history. On November 27, 2017, McCaw, starting in place of an injured Stephen Curry, scored a season-best 16 points with career highs of seven assists and four steals in a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19587505", "score": "0.98008037", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2000 NBA All-Star Game", "text": "the Western Conference took the lead 99-97. The West started the fourth quarter with an 8-0 run that determined the win. The co-MVPs of the game (Shaquille O'Neal and Tim Duncan) combined for 46 points and 23 rebounds. It was the third time in All-Star Game history that two players won the MVP award. It also happened in 1959 (Bob Pettit and Elgin Baylor) and in 1993 (John Stockton and Karl Malone). O'Neal would later share an All-Star MVP award nine years later, this time with former Laker teammate Kobe Bryant, making him the only player to share All-Star MVP", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11212602", "score": "0.97941387", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Cavaliers–Warriors rivalry", "text": "were all named to their respective NBA All Star teams, with Curry finishing first in the all-star voting (1,513,324), and LeBron James finishing in second (1,470,483). Curry won the NBA MVP Award, averaging 23.8 points, 7.7 assists, and 2.0 steals per game, and shot 44.3% from three-point territory. James was third in MVP voting. He averaged 25.3 PPG, 6.0 RPG, and 7.4 APG. They were featured on the All-NBA First Team. Irving and Thompson made the All-NBA team as well. The Cavaliers finished the season with a record of 53–29, and the Warriors finished the season with a record of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20167368", "score": "0.979035", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Kevin Durant", "text": "Durant recorded a playoff career-high 43 points, 13 rebounds, and seven assists in a win over the Cavaliers, leading the Warriors to a 3–0 advantage. Golden State ultimately swept Cleveland and clinched a second straight championship; with averages of 28.8 points, 10.8 rebounds, and 7.5 assists, Durant also won his second Finals MVP Award. On July 7, 2018, Durant re-signed with the Warriors. On November 29, 2018, Durant scored a season-high 51 points in a 131–128 overtime loss to the Toronto Raptors, thus scoring 40 or more in his third straight game. With Stephen Curry and Draymond Green sidelined for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8725307", "score": "0.9787343", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Cavaliers–Warriors rivalry", "text": "48–4, including a pair of regular season victories against Cleveland. This was the best record at an all-star break in league history. Curry, Thompson, and Draymond Green earned all-star selections. Golden State went on to break the 1995–96 Chicago Bulls 72–10 season record by winning 73 games. Stephen Curry became the first unanimous MVP in the history of the NBA that year. Despite their regular season dominance, the Warriors struggled in the Western Conference playoffs. After defeating the Houston Rockets and Portland Trail Blazers without Curry for several games due to injuries, the Warriors were pushed to seven games by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20167371", "score": "0.9786365", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "History of the Golden State Warriors", "text": "years. The Warriors won the championship after going 4–1 in the Finals, and their 16–1 playoff record garnered the best winning percentage (.941) in NBA playoffs history. Kevin Durant was named the Finals MVP award after he scored at least 30 points in all five NBA Finals games and averaging 35.2 points per game. The victory at Oracle Arena to secure the title was the first title victory by a Bay Area team at home since the Oakland Athletics won the World Series in the Oakland–Alameda Coliseum in 1974, capping off a three-peat World Series run. On June 8, 2018,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14622998", "score": "0.9773152", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "2016 NBA Finals", "text": "stands in frustration, resulting in a technical foul and his ejection from the game. Curry was the first MVP to foul out of an NBA Finals game since Shaquille O'Neal in 2000. The Cavaliers became the third team to fall behind 3–1 and force Game 7 (and the first in 50 years). James was the first player to have consecutive 40-point games in the finals since, coincidentally, Shaquille O'Neal in the 2000 Finals. Following the game, Curry and Warriors head coach Steve Kerr were fined $25,000 each for their actions and public officiating criticism. This season's Finals marked the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19083245", "score": "0.97653043", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "2016–17 Golden State Warriors season", "text": "Warrior has won it. The Warriors won the Team of the Year Award at the Espy Awards. Durant, Stephen Curry, Klay Thompson and Draymond Green were all named to the All-Star Game, the first time Golden State have had four All-Stars and just the eighth time in NBA history a single team has had four players in the game. The Warriors were the only team with multiple players named to the All-NBA Team this season, with Curry, Durant and Green all selected. Bob Myers won the Executive of the Year Award, his second win in three years. The Warriors were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19517181", "score": "0.9722177", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Stephen Curry", "text": "season-opening win over the New Orleans Pelicans, the most points scored by a reigning MVP in an opener since 1972 when Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 41 for the Milwaukee Bucks. Two games later on October 31, also against the Pelicans, Curry scored 53 points on 17-of-27 shooting to lead the Warriors to a 134–120 win. Curry became the first player since Michael Jordan in 1989–90 to score 118 points in the first three games of a season. On November 24, he scored 24 points in a win over the Los Angeles Lakers, as the Warriors set the record for best start", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8064558", "score": "0.97208405", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "2003 NBA Finals", "text": "the Finals MVP award a second time. He joined the list of Willis Reed, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Magic Johnson, Larry Bird, Michael Jordan, Hakeem Olajuwon and Shaquille O'Neal. In the series-clinching game, Duncan came two blocks shy of a quadruple double in an NBA Finals game, an extremely rare feat, finishing with 21 points, 20 rebounds, 10 assists, and 8 blocks. Robinson recorded the last quadruple double in NBA history with the Spurs. Duncan and Robinson grabbed 37 rebounds between them, more than the total rebounds of the entire Nets team combined (35). Steve Kerr joined Dennis Johnson, Bill Walton, Dennis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6477207", "score": "0.972009", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Kevin Durant", "text": "to go with seven rebounds and five assists in a series-clinching win. For the Finals, Durant was the Golden State's top scorer in every game, averaging 35.2 points, 8.4 rebounds, and 5.4 assists while shooting 55.5 percent from the field, 47.4 percent from three-point range, and 92.7 percent from the free throw line. He was subsequently named the Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player. After the Finals, Durant declined his $27.7 million player option and became an unrestricted free agent. On July 25, he re-signed with the Warriors for less money than the maximum, which helped the franchise create", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8725304", "score": "0.96982795", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Miami Heat", "text": "and a 23-point and 10 rebound effort from Wade. Shane Battier also scored 18 points behind 6–8 shooting from 3, after having a shooting slump during the postseason up to that point. The Heat captured the NBA title for a second year in a row, becoming the first team in the Eastern Conference to repeat as league champions since the late 1990s Chicago Bulls. James was named the NBA Finals MVP, becoming the fifth player to win the award back-to-back along with Michael Jordan, Bill Russell, Kobe Bryant, Shaquille O'Neal, and Hakeem Olajuwon and only the second player in NBA", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "802148", "score": "0.9676527", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award", "text": "the award a record six times. He is also the only player to win the award despite his team not making the playoffs back in the season. Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times, while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times. Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons. Moses Malone, Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times, while Bob Pettit, Karl Malone, Tim Duncan, Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice. Only two rookies have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3065995", "score": "0.9671145", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "NBA Finals", "text": "in the 2007 NBA Finals. Duncan won the Finals MVP in 1999, 2003 and 2005. In 2007, Tony Parker was named MVP, becoming the first European-born player to win the award. From 2000 to 2002, the Lakers, led by Shaquille O'Neal and Kobe Bryant, won three straight NBA Championships. O'Neal won the finals MVP all three times. Their first championship came at the expense of the Indiana Pacers, whom the Lakers defeated in 6 games. During their 2001 postseason run, the Lakers swept their first 3 series and won the Finals in 5 games, finishing with an unprecedented 15–1 record,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3569459", "score": "0.9669199", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "2005 NBA Finals", "text": "with a game high 25 points and 11 rebounds, while teammate Manu Ginóbili pitched in with 23 points. Richard Hamilton, with 15 points, was the high scorer for the Pistons, who fell just short of winning back-to-back championships. Tim Duncan won his third NBA Finals MVP Award. Manu Ginóbili, Tony Parker, and Bruce Bowen each received their second championship ring, while Robert Horry became only the second player in NBA history (John Salley being the first) to play on championship teams for three different franchises. Sean Marks became the first New Zealander to win a championship ring. | align=\"left\" |", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5234478", "score": "0.9662267", "original_retrieval_index": 50 }, { "title": "History of the Los Angeles Lakers", "text": "points down in the fourth quarter of Game 7 of the Western Conference Finals against Portland. The Indiana Pacers, coached by the Lakers' old nemesis, Larry Bird, proved to be slightly less of a problem, however, and in six games, the Lakers claimed their first NBA championship since 1988. Shaquille O'Neal picked up both MVP and Finals MVP awards in 2000. Having also shared the 2000 All-Star Game MVP award, he was only the third player in NBA history to win all three awards in the same season. Kobe Bryant was named to the NBA All-Defensive Team, the youngest player", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5836060", "score": "0.9641931", "original_retrieval_index": 51 }, { "title": "NBA Finals", "text": "season, while the Warriors largely remained intact. Neither Cleveland nor Golden State earned the top playoff seed in the 2017-18 season. Both teams fell to 3-2 deficits in their respective Conference Finals, before both winning game 7s to ensure the rematch for a fourth consecutive Finals in 2018. LeBron James appeared in his eighth consecutive NBA Finals since 2011, four each with the Heat and the Cavaliers. The Warriors went on to sweep the Cavaliers in four games, and Durant was again named Finals MVP. The statistics below refer to series wins and losses, not individual games won and lost.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3569476", "score": "0.9639173", "original_retrieval_index": 52 } ]

{ "title": "Stephen Curry", "long_answer": "Wardell Stephen Curry II (/ˈstɛfən/ STEF-ən; born March 14, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Many players and analysts have called him the greatest shooter in NBA history. In 2014–15, Curry won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award and led the Warriors to their first championship since 1975. The following season, he became the first player in NBA history to be elected MVP by a unanimous vote and to lead the league in scoring while shooting above 50–40–90. That same year, the Warriors broke the record for the most wins in an NBA season en route to reaching the 2016 NBA Finals. Curry helped the Warriors return to the NBA Finals for a third straight year in 2017, where he won his second NBA championship.", "chunked_long_answer": "Curry II (/ˈstɛfən/ STEF-ən; born March 14, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Many players and analysts have called him the greatest shooter in NBA history. In 2014–15, Curry won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award and led the Warriors to their first championship since 1975. The following season, he became the first player in NBA history to be elected MVP by a unanimous vote and to lead the league in scoring while shooting above 50–40–90. That same year, the Warriors broke the record for the most wins", "short_answers": [ "2014–15" ] }

[ "Jakeem Grant", "John Ross" ]

[ { "title": "40-yard dash", "text": "Auburn's Bo Jackson claims to have run a 40-yard dash with a time of 4.13 s. A time of 4.18 run by Jackson within the same week added some support to the legitimacy of the times. Texas Tech's Jakeem Grant was hand-timed by a New Orleans Saints scout as running a 4.10 in 2016, potentially beating Jackson's record. Deion Sanders ran a 4.27-second 40-yard dash in 1989.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Ian Johnson (American football)", "text": "won a Division I-A Offensive Player of the Week award, two WAC Offensive Player of the Week awards, and was a semifinalist for the Doak Walker Award. Johnson ran an official 4.58 40-yard dash at Boise State. Johnson ran the fastest 40-yard dash time for a running back at the 2009 NFL Combine with a 4.46. He was signed as a free agent with the Minnesota Vikings. In the fourth game of the preseason, Johnson ran for 2 touchdowns in 17 carries against the Dallas Cowboys. The following season, Johnson was waived by the Vikings on September 4, 2010. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8916599", "score": "1.1421629", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Da'Rel Scott", "text": "game with Scott attempting a pass to wide receiver Torrey Smith on a halfback option play; it fell incomplete but drew a defensive pass interference call. Scott rushed for 45 yards and a touchdown on 11 attempts, and caught three passes for 20 yards. In the winter, Scott competed on the indoor track team and ran a 60-yard dash in 6.87 seconds, and he claimed to have regained the speed he had in high school. During spring football camp, he recorded the fastest 40-yard dash time among the running backs at 4.33 seconds. Head coach Ralph Friedgen praised Scott for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12693952", "score": "1.136519", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Malcolm Smith (American football)", "text": "also ran the 40-yard dash in 4.45 seconds. Smith received scholarship offers for football from Notre Dame, California, Arizona, Michigan, and Penn State. Smith enrolled at the University of Southern California (USC) in order to play college football for the USC Trojans football team. As a true freshman in 2007, Smith played in all 13 games as a backup linebacker and special teams player. He finished the year with six tackles and a forced fumble. As a sophomore in 2008 he again spent time as a backup and on special teams. He finished the season with 18 tackles in 13", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13697780", "score": "1.1210537", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Keith Marshall (American football)", "text": "Marshall announced he would enter the NFL Draft and not seek another year of eligibility at Georgia. Marshall ran the fastest 40-yard dash at the 2016 NFL Scouting Combine with a time of 4.31 seconds. He was selected by the Washington Redskins in the seventh round of the 2016 NFL Draft with the 242nd overall pick. On August 30, 2016, Marshall was placed on injured reserve. During training camp for the 2017 season, Marshall tore the patellar tendon in his right knee, ending his season. He was waived on July 25, 2018. Marshall previously roomed with his high school friend", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16828421", "score": "1.1170518", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Fabian Washington", "text": "pass deflections. He ran a 4.29 in the 40-yard dash as a senior. In track, he placed third at the Florida State Meet on the 100 meter dash as a junior, despite running the fastest time in the preliminaries. Next year he was the district champion on the 100 meter dash as a senior. He went on to start for three years at cornerback at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln before leaving early to become a first round NFL Draft selection of the Oakland Raiders (pick 23 in 2005). Fabian was in All-Big 12 selection in each of his three seasons", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5113282", "score": "1.1147673", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Chris Carson", "text": "the 24–13 victory. In Week 5, in the 33–31 loss to the Los Angeles Rams, he had 116 rushing yards. Chris Carson Christopher Dewayne Carson (born September 16, 1994) is an American football running back for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Oklahoma State. He was born in Biloxi, Mississippi and grew up in Lilburn, Georgia, where he attended Parkview High School. Prior to attending Oklahoma State, he studied and played football at Butler Community College in Kansas. Carson attended and played high school football for the Panthers during his time at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20130982", "score": "1.1112268", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Michael Bennett (running back)", "text": "Michael Bennett (running back) Michael A. Bennett (born August 13, 1978) is a former American football running back in the National Football League. He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings 27th overall in the 2001 NFL Draft. He played college football at Wisconsin. A Pro Bowl selection with the Vikings in 2002, Bennett has also been a member of the New Orleans Saints, Kansas City Chiefs, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, San Diego Chargers, and Oakland Raiders. He was one of the fastest sprinters in college history clocking in a record 4.13 in the 40-yard dash, the second fastest in NFL history", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4274718", "score": "1.1068972", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "LaDainian Tomlinson", "text": "yards in 2007, becoming the first player since Edgerrin James in 2000, to win back-to-back rushing titles. During the year, Tomlinson became the fourth fastest player to reach 10,000 rushing yards in NFL history. Tomlinson ran for 42 yards on 21 carries and caught 3 passes for 19 yards, and scored a touchdown in the San Diego Chargers wild-card playoff victory over the Tennessee Titans on January 6, 2008. He scored his touchdown on fourth and goal, leaping over the pile and reaching across the goal line to help secure the fourth-quarter lead for the Chargers. Tomlinson sprained the medial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4228785", "score": "1.1041992", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "DeMarcus Van Dyke", "text": "6.84 seconds, in the final he finished fourth in 6.87 seconds. He ran the anchor leg of the 4x400 meter relay team that finished with a time of 3:15.49 at the Tyson Invitational. Van Dyke ran a 4.28-second 40-yard dash at the 2011 NFL Scouting Combine, which tied for the fourth-fastest time (which has since become the fifth-fastest) at the combine since electronic timing began in 1999. Van Dyke was selected by the Oakland Raiders in the 3rd round 81st overall of the 2011 NFL draft. As a rookie, he was used sparingly, contributing 15 tackles and one interception, Earned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11832507", "score": "1.1036496", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Brandon Jackson (American football)", "text": "meet in 2003. In the University of Nebraska, he competed in the 60 meters and 200 meters, recording personal bests of 6.86 seconds and 21.75 seconds, respectively. Jackson played college football at Nebraska. During his career at Nebraska he started 11 of 33 games, rushing for 1,431 yards on 291 carries and 14 touchdowns. Jackson was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the second round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He scored his first NFL touchdown in , on September 23, 2007 against the San Diego Chargers. Jackson topped the 100 yard mark for the first time in his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10145502", "score": "1.0972401", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Jerick McKinnon", "text": "the 2014 NFL Scouting Combine, where he improved his stock by running unofficial times of 4.38 and 4.35 in the 40-yard dash (4.37 official, 2nd fastest among RBs) while leading all running backs in bench press reps with 32. He also showcased his athletic ability with a broad jump of 11'0\" (3.35 m) and a vertical leap of 40.5\" (1.03 m). Only four players at the NFL Combine topped McKinnon's 40.5-inch vertical jump, while his three-cone drill mark of 6.83 seconds and short-shuttle clocking of 4.12 seconds were also some of the best marks in the running back group. McKinnon's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17899193", "score": "1.0958117", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Scott Jackson (American football)", "text": "ran the 40-yard dash in 4.94 seconds, the fastest of any offensive lineman at the Combine. Undrafted in the 2004 NFL Draft, Jackson was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as a free agent. Jackson failed to make the active roster out of training camp, but was signed to the team's practice squad, where he remained the rest of the season. In 2005, Jackson again was signed to the practice squad following training camp, then was promoted to the active roster after the fourth game. A backup to the guard and center positions, Jackson did not appear in a game.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12042723", "score": "1.0921482", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Michael Bennett (running back)", "text": "meter dashes, then broke both records as a senior in 1998. Bennett was selected by the Minnesota Vikings in the first round (27th overall) of the 2001 NFL Draft. As a rookie in 2001, Bennett was thrust into a starting role after the sudden retirement of star running back Robert Smith. In 2002, Bennett rushed for 1,296 yards and added 351 yards receiving on his way to the Pro Bowl. However, his career stalled due to injuries the following year. The Vikings released Bennett at the conclusion of the 2005 NFL season due to his persistent injury and ball handling", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4274720", "score": "1.0905694", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Travis Stephens", "text": "2017, he helped out with youth football camps in Jackson, Tennessee with some other Tennessee alumni. Travis Stephens Travis Tremaine Stephens (born June 26, 1978) is a former American football running back. He played one season in the National Football League (NFL) for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers after being drafted by the team in the fourth round of the 2002 NFL Draft with the 119th overall pick. He played college football at the University of Tennessee, where he is the single season record holder for rushing yards (1,464 yards in 2001). He was a first-team AP All America selection. Stephens", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11559732", "score": "1.0879785", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Damien Nash", "text": "track star in high school and ran the 100 meter dash in 10.3 seconds. Damien was recruited for football by the University of Missouri, but attended Coffeyville Community College in Coffeyville, Kansas before transferring to the University of Missouri. He finished his college career with 253 rushing attempts for 1,254 yards (5.0 yards per rushing attempt average) with 12 rushing touchdowns as well as 36 receptions for 282 yards (7.8 yards per reception average) with two receiving touchdowns). Nash was drafted with the fifth pick of the 5th round of the 2005 NFL Draft by the Tennessee Titans. He was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5562445", "score": "1.087432", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Jahvid Best", "text": "to play.'\" Best announced on January 2, 2010 that he would forgo his senior year and enter the NFL draft. At the NFL Scouting Combine, Best tied for the sixth fastest overall 40 yard dash time and was the fastest among running backs. He was selected in a pick trade from the Minnesota Vikings by the Detroit Lions 30th overall in the 2010 NFL Draft. Regarding the pick, Lions head coach Jim Schwartz said, \"Some people watch adult videos on their computer... I go to YouTube and watch Jahvid Best highlight clips. That’s what gets \"me\" aroused.\" Best signed a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12516290", "score": "1.0867077", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Chris Johnson (running back)", "text": "speed. Entering into the 2009 season, however, Johnson dismissed the nickname of \"Smash and Dash\" and named himself \"Every Coach's Dream.\" Some consider Johnson's 2009 season to be one of the best ever in NFL history for a running back. He started the season off with 57 rushing yards in a 13–10 loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers. In the next game, a 34–31 loss to the Houston Texans, he had 16 carries for 197 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns to go along with nine receptions for 87 yards and a receiving touchdown. Over the next three games, losses to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11349736", "score": "1.0802025", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Travis Stephens", "text": "Travis Stephens Travis Tremaine Stephens (born June 26, 1978) is a former American football running back. He played one season in the National Football League (NFL) for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers after being drafted by the team in the fourth round of the 2002 NFL Draft with the 119th overall pick. He played college football at the University of Tennessee, where he is the single season record holder for rushing yards (1,464 yards in 2001). He was a first-team AP All America selection. Stephens attended Northeast High School, which is in Clarksville, Tennessee. He played football for Northeast. Under head", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11559725", "score": "1.0796796", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "David Johnson (running back)", "text": "for the fifth time in four games. In Week 11, against the Oakland Raiders, Johnson rushed for 137 yards and recorded one catch for 17 yards in a 23-21 loss. David Johnson (running back) David Jerome Johnson Sr. (born December 16, 1991) is an American football running back for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Cardinals in the third round of the 2015 NFL Draft. He played college football at Northern Iowa. Johnson attended Clinton High School in Clinton, Iowa, where he was a three-sport star in football, track, and basketball. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18510081", "score": "1.0786996", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "40-yard dash", "text": "dash results of 4.30 seconds or better recorded at the NFL Scouting combine since 1999, the first year electronic timing was implemented at the NFL Scouting Combine. According to a five-year NFL combine report, wide receivers and cornerbacks had the fastest average times at 4.48, followed by running backs at 4.49. The following average times were measured between 2000 and 2012 at the NFL combine for players who played at least 5 games. 40-yard dash The 40-yard dash is a sprint covering . It is primarily run to evaluate the speed and acceleration of American football players by scouts, particularly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6036354", "score": "1.0780423", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Darrell Green", "text": "for his speed and was one of the fastest players in the history of the NFL. Green was born in Houston, Texas and attended Jesse H. Jones High School. While there, he was an All-State selection in track and an All-City pick in football. Green made the junior varsity football team his junior year, and then made the varsity team as a senior. Green attended and played college football and ran track at Texas A&I University (now Texas A&M-Kingsville). He finished his Bachelor of Science degree in general studies at St. Paul's College in Lawrenceville, Virginia. In 1982, Green was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2432023", "score": "1.0764458", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Timmy Smith", "text": "March 3, 2008. Timmy Smith Timothy LaRay Smith (born January 21, 1964) is a former professional American football running back in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins and the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football at Texas Tech University. Smith rose to stardom after setting a rushing record in Super Bowl XXII, but was never able to repeat his 15 minutes of fame and later became known for his legal problems. Smith attended Hobbs High School, where he played football and basketball. He graduated with the state of New Mexico record for rushing yards (2,306 yards) and rushing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6131268", "score": "1.0744929", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Malcolm Smith (American football)", "text": "tackles, 10 sacks, and four fumble recoveries at linebacker and ran for 919 yards on 118 carries with 15 touchdowns as a running back, despite missing the first half of the season with a leg injury. Also a standout track athlete, Smith competed as a sprinter for the Taft High track & field team. He qualified for the Los Angeles City Section T&F Championships in the 100m and 200m dashes. He recorded a personal-best time of 10.8 seconds in the 100-meter dash as a junior, and got a PR of 22.39 seconds in the 200-meter dash as a senior. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13697779", "score": "1.0719515", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Marlon Mack", "text": "Raiders, Mack ran the ball 25 times for 132 yards and two touchdowns in the 42-28 win, becoming the first Colts back since Joseph Addai in 2007 to post back-to-back 100-yard rushing games. Marlon Mack Marlon Devon Mack (born March 7, 1996) is an American football running back for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at South Florida and was drafted by the Colts in the fourth round of the 2017 NFL draft. Mack attended Booker High School in Sarasota, Florida. As a senior, he rushed for 1,527 yards and 19 touchdowns for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19930539", "score": "1.070817", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Kevin Barnes (American football)", "text": "on the Wonderlic intelligence test with a 41 out of 50, which far exceeded the average prospect's grade of 19. He ran the 40-yard dash in 4.52 seconds, which was 0.06 seconds slower than the fastest time record by a cornerback. His vertical jump of 38.5 inches was the sixth-best recorded by a cornerback. Maryland coaches reportedly told Redskins head coach Jim Zorn that Barnes was \"maybe the only guy in that league who could run with wide receiver Darrius Heyward-Bey,\" who recorded the fastest 40-yard dash time at the combine and was selected seventh overall in the draft. Zorn", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12831646", "score": "1.0678326", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Aaron Brown (running back)", "text": "Aaron Brown (running back) Aaron Brown (born October 10, 1985) is a former American football running back. He was drafted by the Detroit Lions in the sixth round of the 2009 NFL draft. He played at the collegiate level for Texas Christian University (TCU). He recorded a 10.45 100-meter dash time on the track, one of the fastest prep times in the nation in 2004. Once at TCU, Brown made an immediate impact. In his first game as a true freshman in 2005, he ran for 163 yards in a nationally televised game against Utah. For the year, he rushed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10621255", "score": "1.0673897", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Ahman Green", "text": "Omaha North before transferring to Omaha Central for high school. He was a high school All-American selection and state 'Player of the Year' as a senior. In addition to football, he also ran track and field. He currently holds the 10th fastest 100 meter dash ever in the state of Nebraska, at 10.61 seconds. Green also competed in Powerlifting in High School, placing 2nd in the ADFPA High School National Powerlifting Championships in Des Moines, Iowa Green was a standout running back and three-year starter for the University of Nebraska Cornhuskers. He was an integral component and key contributor on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3942324", "score": "1.0669706", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Tony Hunt", "text": "He rushed for 413 yards on 88 carries and seven TD's. Tony Hunt Antonio Christopher Hunt (born November 24, 1985) is a former professional American football running back. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the third round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He played two NFL seasons. He also played one season in Austrian Football League. Hunt played college football at Penn State. A standout player at T. C. Williams High School in Alexandria, Virginia, Hunt rushed for more than 2,000 total yards and also played linebacker, defensive end, and even punted. He was named the Alexandria Sportsman", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8843121", "score": "1.0658096", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Travis Jervey", "text": "broken ankle on Monday Night Football In 1996 he finished fourth in the \"NFLs Fastest Man\" competition, in one memorable heat he outran Cowboys star Herschel Walker. In 1999, he signed a 4-year free agent contract with the 49ers worth $6 million. Jervey was a 5th round pick of the Packers in the 1995 NFL draft, in 109 career games he rushed 129 times for 503 yards and 2 touchdowns, caught 10 passes and returned 36 kicks for 843 yards. He attended Wando High School in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina and played collegiately at The Citadel in neighboring Charleston where", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8216761", "score": "1.0632331", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "40-yard dash", "long_answer": "Auburn's Bo Jackson claims to have run a 40-yard dash with a time of 4.13 s. A time of 4.18 run by Jackson within the same week added some support to the legitimacy of the times. Texas Tech's Jakeem Grant was hand-timed by a New Orleans Saints scout as running a 4.10 in 2016, potentially beating Jackson's record. Deion Sanders ran a 4.27-second 40-yard dash in 1989.", "chunked_long_answer": "Auburn's Bo Jackson claims to have run a 40-yard dash with a time of 4.13 s. A time of 4.18 run by Jackson within the same week added some support to the legitimacy of the times. Texas Tech's Jakeem Grant was hand-timed by a New Orleans Saints scout as running a 4.10 in 2016, potentially beating Jackson's record. Deion Sanders ran a 4.27-second 40-yard dash in 1989.", "short_answers": [ "Jakeem Grant" ] }

[ "consistency" ]

[ { "title": "Tomato purée", "text": "Tomato purée is a thick liquid made by cooking and straining tomatoes. The difference between tomato paste, tomato purée, and tomato sauce is consistency; tomato puree has a thicker consistency and a deeper flavour than sauce.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Tomato paste", "text": "or \"concentrate\". In the US, \"tomato paste\" is simply concentrated tomato solids (no seeds or skin), sometimes with added sweetener (high fructose corn syrup), and with a standard of identity (in the Code of Federal Regulations, see 21 CFR 155.191). \"Tomato purée\" has a lower tomato solids requirement. In Nigeria, tomato paste is mixed with Coca Cola or any malt drink and used as a blood tonic. It is believed that the mixture helps the body gain blood quickly. Tomato paste Tomato paste is a thick paste made by cooking tomatoes for several hours to reduce the water content, straining", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3920543", "score": "1.0827141", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Tomato paste", "text": "spreading out a much-reduced tomato sauce on wooden boards that are set outdoors under the hot August sun to dry the paste until it is thick enough, when it is scraped up and held together in a richly colored, dark ball. Today, this artisan product is harder to find than the industrial version (which is much thinner). Commercial production uses tomatoes with thick pericarp walls and lower overall moisture; these are very different from tomatoes typically found in a supermarket. Tomato paste became commercially available in the early 20th Century. In the UK, \"tomato paste\" is referred to as \"purée\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3920542", "score": "1.0072265", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Tomato sauce", "text": "course, it may be seasoned with salt, or other herbs or spices. Optionally, tomato skins may be scalded and peeled according to texture (especially thicker \"pelati\" paste varieties) and tomato seeds may be removed for aesthetic purposes, leaving just the tomato flesh and pulp. Just like tomato puree or tomato paste, tomato sauce may be one of the ingredients in other dishes, like a tomato-based soup. The sauce is thinner than either the puree, or the paste (which is the thickest), and it may have additional flavors. Water (or another, more flavorful, liquid, such as stock or wine) is sometimes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "417973", "score": "0.99018824", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Canned tomato", "text": "Canned tomato Canned tomatoes, or tinned tomatoes, are tomatoes, usually peeled, that are sealed into a can after having been processed by heat. Canned tomatoes are available in several different forms. The traditional forms are whole peeled tomatoes, packed in juice or purée, and ground tomatoes, sometimes referred to as \"kitchen-ready.\" Ground tomatoes are not to be confused with purée, which is similar but more cooked. Taste tests indicate that whole tomatoes packed in juice tend to be perceived as fresher-tasting than those packed in purée. Crushed tomatoes, commonly used for pasta sauces, are made by adding ground tomatoes to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6854660", "score": "0.9462881", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Tomato juice", "text": "added, such as onion powder, garlic powder, and other spices. In the United States, mass-produced tomato juice began to be marketed in the mid 1920s, and became a popular breakfast drink a few years thereafter. In the United States, most tomato juice is made from tomato paste. In Canada, tomato juice is unconcentrated and pasteurized, made from fine tomato pulp from ripe and whole tomatoes. The stems and skins must be removed without adding water to the final juice product. It may also contain a sweetening agent, citric acid and salt. In Canada and Mexico, tomato juice is commonly mixed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3469887", "score": "0.9230503", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Canned tomato", "text": "a heavy medium made from tomato paste. Diced tomatoes have become increasingly common for applications where a chunkier or more substantial product is needed. In recent years, the Petite Diced form (3/8\" cut pieces) has become the fastest growing segment of canned tomatoes. In areas and situations where in-season, perfectly ripe tomatoes are not available, canned tomatoes are often used as an alternative to prepare dishes such as tomato sauce or pizza. The top uses for canned tomatoes are Italian or pasta sauces, chili, soup, pizza, stew, casseroles, and Mexican cuisine. As they are often more flavorful than commercially produced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6854661", "score": "0.9057618", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Tomato sauce", "text": "sauce is used in the same way as American ketchup. \"Tomato sauce\" may also be used in its generic English meaning of a sauce primarily based on tomatoes, as in a menu item \"Gnocchi in a tomato sauce\" where it would be understood that the sauce would be of the kind used in Italian cooking for pastas. In the U.S., \"tomato sauce\" refers to two distinct sauces. One is a tomato concentrate with salt and minimal herbs, used in cooking. This product is considered incomplete and not normally used as is. Related ingredients are tomato purée and tomato paste, each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "417980", "score": "0.89701474", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Tomato sauce", "text": "purée or fresh tomatoes, roux, garlic, salt, sugar, and pepper. Many times, butter and flour will be listed in the ingredients, but those are only used to make the roux (thickening agent). The most common use of the term tomato sauce in New Zealand and South Africa is to describe a popular, commercially produced condiment that is a type of table sauce, similar to American ketchup but without vinegar, which is typically applied to foods such as meat pies, sausages, other cooked meat (in particular steak), and fish and chips. Tomato-based sauces served with pasta would commonly be referred to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "417978", "score": "0.88891125", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Tomato soup", "text": "tomato soup is mentioned by Eliza Leslie in 1857 in her final publication \"New Cookery Book\". Joseph A. Campbell's recipe for condensed tomato soup in 1897 further increased its popularity. Commercially prepared tomato is available in a variety of forms, including canned, condensed and in dehydrated powder form. \"Tomato\" ranks among the top three flavors of soup produced by the Campbell Soup Company. Canned tomato soup is primarily tomato puree: that is, tomato paste and water with a few other ingredients added to enhance flavor and physical properties of the food. The tomato is a high acid food therefore, \"the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6878706", "score": "0.86670977", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Tomato soup", "text": "Tomato soup Tomato soup is a soup made with tomatoes as the primary ingredient. It may be served hot or cold in a bowl, and may be made in a variety of ways. It may be smooth in texture, and there are also recipes which include chunks (or small pieces) of tomato, cream and chicken/vegetable stock. Popular toppings for tomato soup include sour cream or croutons. Tomato soup is one of the top comfort foods in Poland and the United States. It can be made fresh by blanching tomatoes, removing the skins, then blending into a puree. The first published", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6878705", "score": "0.8637296", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Tomato sauce", "text": "Tomato sauce Tomato sauce (also known as Neapolitan sauce, or salsa di pomodoro in Italian) can refer to a large number of different sauces made primarily from tomatoes, usually to be served as part of a dish, rather than as a condiment. Tomato sauces are common for meat and vegetables, but they are perhaps best known as bases for Mexican salsas or sauces for pasta dishes. Tomatoes have a rich flavor, high water content, soft flesh which breaks down easily, and the right composition to thicken into a sauce when they are cooked (without the need of thickeners such as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "417971", "score": "0.8634032", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Tomato soup", "text": "tomato is not considered a high-risk food, as the pH of the fruit generally ranges from pH 4.2–4.9 with an average of about 4.5. At this point pathogens are unlikely to grow\". However, there are still some foodborne pathogens that can pose as a major problem when it comes to the safety of the food and its shelf life stability. The main concern when canning is anaerobic microorganisms that produce toxins like \"Clostridium botulinum\". Even though the tomato is a high acid food it still falls in the range where this organism can grow and produce toxin pH 4.6–8.5 with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6878707", "score": "0.85908127", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Tomato soup", "text": "an optimum growing temperature between 30–40°C and a maximum temperature of 50°C. Even if the bacteria are killed they release heat resistant spores that if they start to multiply become a threat. Main ingredients on the back of the can: Tomato puree, High fructose corn syrup, wheat flour: The cell wall structural importance for the plant's growth and stability in the ripening process is equally as important to the quality of the tomato products it can produce. The pectin and cellulose are what determine the apparent viscosity of the tomato product. If they are broken at higher temperatures more enzymes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6878708", "score": "0.85216415", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Tomato sauce", "text": "added to keep it from drying out too much. Onion and garlic are almost always sweated or sautéed at the beginning before the tomato is added, or puréed together with tomatoes and then cooked together. Other seasonings typically include dried mild chili peppers (such as guajillo chili or pasilla chili), epazote, basil, oregano, parsley, and black pepper. Ground or chopped meat is also common. Tomato sauce was an ancient condiment in Mesoamerican food. The first western person to write of what may have been a tomato sauce was Bernardino de Sahagún, a Franciscan friar, who made note of a prepared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "417974", "score": "0.8473397", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Canned tomato", "text": "fresh tomatoes, canned tomatoes are not well suited for curries as the flavour overpowers the spices. Industrially produced canned tomatoes are an important product and subject to regular market analysis as well as trade considerations. Home canned tomatoes may be prepared in a number of ways. However, safety measures need to be taken since improperly canned tomatoes can cause botulism poisoning, whether produced industrially or at home. Diced tomatoes usually refers to tomatoes that have been diced. In the United States retail environment, however, the term refers to canned chunks of plum tomatoes in tomato juice or tomato purée, sometimes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6854662", "score": "0.8468844", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Tomato", "text": "are easy to preserve whole, in pieces, as tomato sauce or paste by home canning. They are acidic enough to process in a water bath rather than a pressure cooker as most vegetables require. The fruit is also preserved by drying, often in the sun, and sold either in bags or in jars with oil. The leaves, stem, and green unripe fruit of the tomato plant contain small amounts of the alkaloid tomatine, whose effect on humans has not been studied. They also contain small amounts of solanine, a toxic alkaloid found in potato leaves and other plants in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9850659", "score": "0.84583426", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Neapolitan cuisine", "text": "the 18th century. The industry of preserving tomatoes originated in 19th-century Naples, resulting in the export to all parts of the world of the famous \"\"pelati\"\" (peeled tomatoes) and the \"\"concentrato\"\" (tomato paste). There are traditionally several ways of preparing home-made tomato preserves, either bottled tomato juice, or chopped into pieces. The famous \"\"conserva\"\" (sun dried concentrated juice) tomato is cooked for a long time and becomes a dark red cream with a velvety texture. Some of Campanian dishes using vegetables, like the \"parmigiana di melanzane\" (aubergine pie) or \"peperoni ripieni\" (stuffed peppers) can become real stars of the table.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11752351", "score": "0.84247184", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "La Costeña (food company)", "text": "tomato puree, condiment tomato puree, condiment fire tomato and chopped peeled tomatoes. These tomato sauces are used to create the base for some Mexican soups and some Mexican dishes. The presentation for the ketchup squeeze bottle, ketchup glass bottle, ketchup style sauce. The squeezy presentation target are kids. In mayonnaise products there are a lot of presentations: the mayonnaise with lemon juice in bottle and squeezy presentation, mayonnaise dressing for salads in bottle and squeeze bottle presentation, light mayonnaise in bottle and squeezy presentation, mayonnaise with jalapeño in bottle and squeezy presentation and mayonnaise with chipotle in bottle and squeezy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15039956", "score": "0.8388981", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Tomato jam", "text": "Tomato jam Tomato jam (also referred to as tomato jelly) is a type of fruit preserve prepared with tomatoes and sugar. Green tomatoes are used in some preparations. Some preparations may use honey, and some include bacon. It has been described as \"a cross between marmalade and ketchup\" (which itself is already closer to a jam than a condiment, due to its already high sugar content). Some commercially prepared varieties are produced. It is sometimes used in the preparation of sandwiches similar to a BLT, using the jam in place of tomato. Tomato jam has been reported as being a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18620384", "score": "0.83754677", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Canned tomato", "text": "seasoned with basil or garlic. This product is a relatively recent arrival in the processed tomato market, and has become quite popular since its introduction in the mid-90s, probably due to American tastes for a chunkier tomato sauce. Calcium chloride is sometimes added to stabilize the cell structure of the canned tomatoes, giving the end product a firmer texture. Canned diced tomatoes are primarily used in Italian-American cuisine. They are generally available in two sizes, regular (roughly 2 cm or 7/8 in) for long-cooked dishes and petite (roughly 1 cm) for quicker applications. Canned tomato Canned tomatoes, or tinned tomatoes,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6854663", "score": "0.83628786", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Tomato sauce", "text": "roux). All of these qualities make them ideal for simple and appealing sauces. In countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, the term \"tomato sauce\" is used to describe a condiment similar to ketchup. In some of these countries, both terms are used for the condiment. The use of tomato sauce with pasta appears for the first time in 1790 in the Italian cookbook \"L'Apicio moderno\", by Roman chef Francesco Leonardi. The simplest tomato sauce consists just of chopped tomatoes cooked down (possibly with olive oil) and simmered until it loses its raw flavor. Of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "417972", "score": "0.8335885", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Purée", "text": "for fruit purées. The term is not commonly used for paste-like foods prepared from cereal flours, such as gruel or muesli; nor with oily nut pastes, such as peanut butter. The term \"paste\" is often used for purées intended to be used as an ingredient, rather than eaten. Purées can be made in a blender, or with special implements such as a potato masher, or by forcing the food through a strainer, or simply by crushing the food in a pot. Purées generally must be cooked, either before or after grinding, in order to improve flavour and texture, remove toxic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6743008", "score": "0.8313548", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Tomato", "text": "or tomato soup. Unripe green tomatoes can also be breaded and fried, used to make salsa, or pickled. Tomato juice is sold as a drink, and is used in cocktails such as the Bloody Mary. Tomatoes keep best unwashed at room temperature and out of direct sunlight. It is not recommended to refrigerate them as this can harm the flavor. Tomatoes stored cold tend to lose their flavor permanently. Storing stem down can prolong shelf life, as it may keep from rotting too quickly. Tomatoes that are not yet ripe can be kept in a paper bag till ripening. Tomatoes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9850658", "score": "0.8306691", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Tomato sauce", "text": "cuisine, there is a tomato sauce known as a Creole sauce. It is similar to Italian tomato sauce, but features more Louisiana flavors derived from the fusion of French and Spanish cooking styles. They both usually contain the traditional holy trinity of diced bell pepper, onion, and celery. \"Tomato gravy\" is distinct from the term as used by Italian Americans when referring to a type of tomato sauce particularly where tomatoes were a staple food. The cooked tomatoes, some fat (usually cured pork fat) and flour are cooked together until thick, and seasoned with salt and pepper. Onions or bell", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "417985", "score": "0.828354", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Tomato jam", "text": "popular condiment in South Africa. In 1840 in the United States, a recipe was published in the \"American Farmer\" that involved straining stewed tomatoes through cloth, adding an equal amount of sugar, and then boiling the mixture for a few hours. In 1843 in the U.S., a recipe for preparing tomato jam was published in the \"Boston Cultivator\". The preparation process included rubbing stewed tomatoes through a sieve, adding an equal amount of sugar, and then stewing the mixture into a jam. Tomato jam Tomato jam (also referred to as tomato jelly) is a type of fruit preserve prepared with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18620385", "score": "0.8261093", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Kyknos S.A.", "text": "Kyknos S.A. Kyknos S.A. (Greek: Κύκνος meaning swan) is a Greek tomato company and it is one of the major tomato paste brands in the country. It is headquartered in Athens in the Athens Industrial Area west of downtown. It manufactures tomato paste, purée, ketchup and tomato sauces, which are used on pasta, lasagna and other cuisines. It also produces tomato pastes to North America including the United States in cities that have a Greek population. The company's claim to fame is its use of the Santorini cultivar of the cherry tomato, an intensely flavorful variety. Kyknos has several factories", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10404969", "score": "0.82423735", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Tomato sauce", "text": "as \"pasta sauce\" or \"Napoletana sauce\". The meaning of the term \"tomato sauce\" depends on the context; on a restaurant menu the phrase \"in a tomato sauce\" means a freshly prepared tomato based sauce as used on pasta, and colloquially it may refer to either the pasta sauce or American ketchup. In Australia \"tomato sauce\" generally refers to the same style of Table Sauce as American ketchup but varies in mixture and doesn't contain onions. Some sources claim that Australian tomato sauce has less tomato than ketchup, but this varies between brands and is not a universal feature. Australian tomato", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "417979", "score": "0.8239749", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Saclà Italia", "text": "This range was the winner of the 2009 'Good Housekeeping Cookery Teams Favourite' award. Flavours include: Oven Roasted Tomato and Rocket, Vine Ripened Tomato and Chilli, Vine Ripened Tomato and Mascarpone and Italian Tomato and Olive. There are two flavours: Sun-Dried Tomato Paste and Tomato and Chilli Paste. The Sacla' antipasti range includes: Sun-Dried Tomatoes, Oven Roasted Tomatoes, Artichokes and Char-Grilled Peppers. These sauces are made with a soffritto base of virgin olive oil, celery, carrots and onions. There are four recipes. Traditional Tomato and Basil, Tomato and Parmesan, Tomato and Chilli and Tomato and Mascarpone. There are three pasta", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14427426", "score": "0.81852806", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Tomato", "text": "they are red or orange in color and slightly soft to the touch. Ethylene is a hydrocarbon gas that many fruits produce, which acts as the molecular cue to begin the ripening process. Tomatoes ripened in this way tend to keep longer, but have poorer flavor and a mealier, starchier texture than tomatoes ripened on the plant. They may be recognized by their color, which is more pink or orange than the other ripe tomatoes' deep red, depending on variety. A machine-harvestable variety of tomato (the \"square tomato\") was developed in the 1950s by University of California, Davis's Gordie C.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9850652", "score": "0.81841433", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

{ "title": "Tomato purée", "long_answer": "Tomato purée is a thick liquid made by cooking and straining tomatoes. The difference between tomato paste, tomato purée, and tomato sauce is consistency; tomato puree has a thicker consistency and a deeper flavour than sauce.", "chunked_long_answer": "Tomato purée is a thick liquid made by cooking and straining tomatoes. The difference between tomato paste, tomato purée, and tomato sauce is consistency; tomato puree has a thicker consistency and a deeper flavour than sauce.", "short_answers": [ "consistency" ] }

[ "divergent tectonic plate boundary", "a divergent tectonic plate boundary", "the mid-Atlantic Ridge" ]

[ { "title": "Volcanology of Iceland", "text": "Volcanology of Iceland includes a high concentration of active volcanoes due to Iceland's location on the mid-Atlantic Ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary, and also due to its location over a hot spot. The island has 30 active volcanic systems, of which 13 have erupted since the settlement of Iceland in AD 874.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Iceland plume", "text": "volcanic zones in the southwest (Reykjanes, Hofsjökull) and northeast (Tjörnes). Presently, a slow decrease of the activity in the northeast takes place, while the volcanic zone in the southeast (Katla, Vatnajökull), which was initiated 3 million years ago, develops. The reorganisation of the plate boundaries in Iceland has also been attributed to microplate tectonics. Information about the structure of Earth's deep interior can be acquired only indirectly by geophysical and geochemical methods. For the investigation of postulated plumes, gravimetric, geoid and in particular seismological methods along with geochemical analyses of erupted lavas have proven especially useful. Numerical models of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6313944", "score": "1.1864702", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Geology of Iceland", "text": "Geology of Iceland The geology of Iceland is unique and of particular interest to geologists. Iceland lies on the divergent boundary between the Eurasian plate and the North American plate. It also lies above a hotspot, the Iceland plume. The plume is believed to have caused the formation of Iceland itself, the island first appearing over the ocean surface about 16 to 18 million years ago. The result is an island characterized by repeated volcanism and geothermal phenomena such as geysers. The eruption of Laki in 1783 caused much devastation and loss of life, leading to a famine that killed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8537753", "score": "1.1667323", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Geology of Iceland", "text": "Ridge by the Tjörnes Fracture Zone, another major center of seismicity and deformation. Glaciers cover approximately 11% of Iceland, the largest of which being Vatnajökull. As many glaciers overlie active volcanoes, subglacial eruptions can pose hazards due to sudden floods produced by glacial meltwater, known as jökulhlaups. Icelandic glaciers have generally been retreating over the past 100 years, with Vatnajökull having lost as much as 10% of its volume. Geology of Iceland The geology of Iceland is unique and of particular interest to geologists. Iceland lies on the divergent boundary between the Eurasian plate and the North American plate. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8537764", "score": "1.1629128", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Geological deformation of Iceland", "text": "zone is about 100 km wide. It accumulates strain which come from rifting episodes and larger earthquakes. In southern Iceland, the block located along the plate boundary is identified as a microplate and is named the Hreppar Block. The deformation zone is relatively small since it has no significant evidence of active deformation, earthquakes or volcanism. The northern boundary of the block is linked to the Central Iceland Volcanic Zone (CIVZ), where diffuse volcanism occur. The southern boundary of the block is termed the South Iceland Seismic Zone, where strike-slip earthquakes can occur. There are two major and active transform", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19785921", "score": "1.1359774", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Geological deformation of Iceland", "text": "are strongly influenced by the spreading plate boundary and the Iceland hotspot. The buoyancy of the deep-seated mantle plume underneath has uplifted the Iceland Basalt Plateau to as high as 3000 meters. The hot spot also produces high volcanic activity on the plate boundary. There are two major geologic and topographic structural trends in Iceland. One strikes northeast in Southern Iceland and strikes nearly north in northern Iceland. The other one strikes approximately west-northwest. Altogether they produce a zigzag pattern. The pattern is shown by faults, volcanic fissures, valleys, dikes, volcanoes, grabens and fault scarps. The geological deformation of Iceland", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19785919", "score": "1.1229042", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "History of Iceland", "text": "the North American and Eurasian plates. These plates spread at a rate of approximately 2.5 centimeters per year. This elevated portion of the ridge is known as the \"Reykjanes Ridge\". The volcanic activity is attributed to a hotspot, the \"Iceland hotspot\", which in turn lies over a mantle plume (the \"Iceland Plume\") an anomalously hot rock in the Earth's mantle which is likely to be partly responsible for the island's creation and continued existence. For comparison, it is estimated that other volcanic islands, such as the Faroe Islands have existed for about 55 million years, Iceland remained, for a long", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "744336", "score": "1.1149938", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Geological deformation of Iceland", "text": "a huge spatial difference in seismic activity. For example, the westernmost part of the Tjörnes Fracture Zone shows seismic activity, but a few larger earthquakes (>M=5.5) also appear in the zone. The complexity in the Tjörnes Fracture Zone can be generally explained by the magmatic processes and plate motions. The velocity of the divergent plate motion, estimated to be 18.9 mm/year ±0.5 mm/year, is strongly affected by the Icelandic mantle plume underneath central Iceland. Volcanic activity can be found in the Dalvík seismic zone and southern tip of the Kolbeinsey Ridge. The South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ), also known as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19785925", "score": "1.1096555", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Geological deformation of Iceland", "text": "Seismic Zone, where its northern end connects to the Langjökull area. It has been the active propagating rift in the last 7 million years. Volcanic fissures and normal faulting are common features in the southern part of the Western Volcanic Zone. In the northern part of the Western Volcanic Zone, normal faulting is still common but volcanic fissures become less dominant. Shield volcanoes are also observed in this zone. Þingvellir Graben is clear evidence as proof of divergent plate movement in Iceland. It shows a clear extensional feature. Geological deformation of Iceland The geological deformation of Iceland is the way", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19785934", "score": "1.106894", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Geological deformation of Iceland", "text": "the Reykjanes Fracture Zone (or Zones), is 75 to 100 km wide, and strikes northeast to southwest in southwestern Iceland. There are several approximately 40 km right lateral offsets of the ridge crest. The offsets create a transform fault zone connecting the Eastern Volcanic Zone and the Reykjanes. There is a significant change in the age and lithology of the volcanoes in a north-south direction near Reykjanes peninsula due to bookshelf faulting. Bookshelf faulting is common in the South Iceland Seismic Zone. Since the transform motion in the South Iceland Seismic Zone is left-lateral, right-lateral faulting would occur and rotation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19785926", "score": "1.0991404", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Geological deformation of Iceland", "text": "central volcano. Fractures within the fissure swarms are generally subparallel to each other. Irregular fracture patterns are found where the Húsavík transform fault meets the fissure swarms, which indicates interaction between the fissure swarms and the strike-slip faults. The Eastern Volcanic Zone (EVZ) is located in south-east Iceland. It connects to the South Iceland Seismic Zone and NVC in its western and northern end respectively. Seismic activity focuses in the Vatnajökull Glacier area which is the accepted location of the Icelandic hot spot. Deformed structures, including northeast trending eruptive fissure swarms and normal faults, can be found in Eastern Volcanic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19785932", "score": "1.097363", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Geological deformation of Iceland", "text": "is mainly caused by the active spreading of the mid-oceanic ridge. Extensional cracks and transform faults are found perpendicular to the spreading direction. The transform-fault zones are also known as fracture zones. These fracture zones allow large volumes of lava to be erupted. On the surface of Iceland, linear volcanic fissures formed along the rifts and appear in a swarm-like pattern. They are connected by fracture zones, forming the volcanic zones. Crustal movements have created two plate boundary deformation zones between the major plates, the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate. In northern Iceland, the width of the deformation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19785920", "score": "1.0970832", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Geological deformation of Iceland", "text": "systems arranged zigzag-like along the mid-Atlantic plate boundary. It shows quite low seismic activity. The volcanic activity is confined to the Krafla central volcano and its associated fissure swarms. The Krafla central volcano is not distinctive within the volcanic rift zone. Fissure swarms of the Krafla spread away from the magma chamber and magma flows along the swarms to the north and south of the volcano. Eruptive fissures within the fissure swarms are most common within 20–30 km distance from the central volcanoes. Fractures within the fissure swarms are common at up to a distance of 70–90 km from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19785931", "score": "1.0938537", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Iceland hotspot", "text": "time-progressive volcanic track caused by the movement of the Pacific Plate over the Hawaiian hotspot, no such track can be seen at Iceland. It is proposed that the line from Grímsvötn volcano to Surtsey shows the movement of the Eurasian Plate, and the line from Grímsvötn volcano to Reykjanes volcanic belt shows the movement of the North American Plate. It is believed that a mantle plume underlies Iceland, of which the hotspot is thought to be the surface expression, and that the presence of the plume enhances the volcanism already caused by plate separation. Additionally, flood basalts on the continental", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5010737", "score": "1.0883521", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Geography of Iceland", "text": "has a variety of volcanic types (composite and fissure), many producing more evolved lavas such as rhyolite and andesite. Iceland has hundreds of volcanoes with approximately thirty volcanic systems active. Party to: Signed, but not ratified: Geography of Iceland Iceland ( )is an island country at the confluence of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, east of Greenland and immediately south of the Arctic Circle, atop the constructive boundary of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge about from Scotland and from New York City. One of the world's most sparsely populated countries, Iceland's boundaries are almost the same as the main island", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "744397", "score": "1.0825211", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Geological deformation of Iceland", "text": "the North Iceland Volcanic Zone (NVZ) and the southern end of the Kolbeinsey Ridge. This 50 km wide fracture zone is characterised by seismic activity, crustal extension and transform faulting. The volcanic fissure swarms of the Northern Volcanic Zone are connected to the southern end of Tjörnes Fracture Zone. For example, its southeast end is connected to the Krafla fissure swarm. The main structural components of the Tjörnes Fracture Zone can be divided into three parts which trend from northwest to southeast, the Grímsey seismic zone, the Húsavík-Flatey fault zone and the Dalvík seismic zone. The Tjörnes Fracture Zone shows", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19785924", "score": "1.082381", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Geology of Iceland", "text": "change with time, Geologists use what is called the \"hotspot frame of reference\" to gather plate motion estimates, so they can create maps depicting plates moving on the surface of the earth relative to a stationary hotspot. Most work discussing plate motion agrees that the Iceland hotspot was probably located beneath Greenland for a period of time. As the North Atlantic Ocean continued to spread apart during this time period, Greenland was located to the southeast of the Iceland hotspot and likely moved over it from around ~70-40 mya. Some research using new plate motion data gathered from hotspot reference", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8537756", "score": "1.077522", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Geological deformation of Iceland", "text": "There are three major volcanic zones in Iceland, which are the Northern, Eastern and Western Volcanic Zones (NVZ, EVZ, WVZ). The volcanic rift zones cross the island from southwest to northeast. Each zone consists of 20–50 km wide belts and is characterised by active volcanoes, numerous normal faults, a high temperature geothermal field and fissure swarms. The currently active zones are the Northern Volcanic Zone and Western Volcanic Zone. The Eastern Volcanic Zone will eventually take over the Western Volcanic Zone according to the rift jump process. The 50 km wide Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ) is composed of five volcanic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19785930", "score": "1.0712765", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Geological deformation of Iceland", "text": "faults zones striking west-northwest in northern and southern Iceland. Two large fracture zones, associated with the transform faults, namely Tjörnes and Reykjanes Fracture Zones are found striking about 75N to 80°W. Stress is built up during the spreading movements at the plate boundary. The accumulated stress in transform fault zones is released during strike-slip earthquakes. The transform fault is induced by strike-slip motion that is transverse to the fault zone. The blocks between the faults are slightly rotated afterwards. A diagram (fig.2) is shown to illustrate this phenomenon. Since the rotation of the blocks is similar to a line of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19785922", "score": "1.0604109", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Eldfell", "text": "Small tremors are very common at plate boundaries, and nothing here indicated that they heralded a major eruption. The onset of the eruption was therefore almost entirely unexpected. At about 01:55 on 23 January, a fissure opened up on the eastern side of the island, barely a kilometre away from the centre of the town of Heimaey, approximately 200 metres (650 ft) east of Kirkjubær (\"Church farm\"), where the island's church had once been located. The fissure rapidly extended from 300 metres to a length of , crossing the island from one shore to the other. Submarine activity also occurred", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3049626", "score": "1.0574455", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Iceland hotspot", "text": "to the location of the plume beneath the thick Greenland craton for ~ 15 Myr after continental breakup, and the later entrenchment of the plume material into the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge following its formation. Iceland hotspot The Iceland hotspot is a hotspot which is partly responsible for the high volcanic activity which has formed the island of Iceland. Iceland is one of the most active volcanic regions in the world, with eruptions occurring on average roughly every three years (in the 20th century there were 39 volcanic eruptions on and around Iceland). About a third of the basaltic lavas erupted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5010739", "score": "1.0557586", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2008 Iceland earthquake", "text": "North-American tectonic plates move away from each other. Volcanic activity is common along such divergent boundaries but strong earthquakes are rare. In Iceland the ridge is somewhat off-set, creating two transform faults where plates move horizontally along each other. One is in the north of the country and one in the south; the strongest Icelandic earthquakes happen along those transform faults. The 29 May quake is classified by geologists as typical \"Suðurlandsskjálftar\" (literally: Southern Iceland quakes), which happen on the southern fault. Unlike the quakes in the summer of 2000, the 29 May quake happened in the most densely populated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12028056", "score": "1.0507334", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Geology of Jan Mayen", "text": "and the Aegir Ridge extending northeast of Jan Mayen. Geology of Jan Mayen The geology of Jan Mayen is part of the larger Jan Mayen Ridge, an undersea volcanic ridge that forms the boundary of the Iceland Plateau to the northeast. North of the island, the sea floor slopes steeply, plunging a depth of greater than two kilometers in the vicinity of Jan Mayen Rift Zone. The region is highly tectonically active, at the junction of the European and American plates. This activity produces volcanism and earthquakes on the island itself. Beerenberg, a 2.27 kilometer tall volcano rises on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20865502", "score": "1.0480105", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Geology of Iceland", "text": "focused in two main parallel rift zones. The Reykjanes Peninsula Rift in SW Iceland is the landward continuation of the Reykjanes Ridge that connects to the Western Volcanic Zone (WVZ). The more active Eastern Volcanic Zone (EVZ) represents a rift jump, although it is unclear how the eastward propagation of the main rifting activity has occurred. The offset between the WVZ and the EVZ is accommodated by the South Iceland Seismic Zone, an area characterized by high earthquake activity. The EVZ transitions northward into the Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ), which contains Krafla volcano. The NVZ is connected to the Kolbeinsey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8537763", "score": "1.0391881", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Iceland plume", "text": "years old and was formed at an old oceanic spreading center in the Westfjords (Vestfirðir) region. The westward movement of the plates and the ridge above the plume and the strong thermal anomaly of the latter caused this old spreading center to cease 15 million years ago and lead to the formation of a new one in the area of today's peninsulas Skagi and Snæfellsnes; in the latter there is still some activity in the form of the Snæfellsjökull volcano. The spreading center, and hence the main activity, have shifted eastward again 7–9 million years ago and formed the current", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6313943", "score": "1.0389076", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Iceland plume", "text": "Iceland plume The Iceland plume is a postulated upwelling of anomalously hot rock in the Earth's mantle beneath Iceland. Its origin is thought to lie deep in the mantle, perhaps at the boundary between the core and the mantle at approximately 2,880 km depth. Opinions differ as to whether seismic studies have imaged such a structure. In this framework, the volcanism of Iceland is attributed to this plume, according to the theory of W. Jason Morgan. According to the plume model, the source of Icelandic volcanism lies deep beneath the center of the island. The earliest volcanic rocks attributed to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6313938", "score": "1.0388683", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Geology of Iceland", "text": "beneath a hot mantle plume. Additional evidence indicates that seismic waves created under Iceland behave differently than expected based on other seismic surveys near hypothesized mantle plumes. Given how complex the geology of the Northeast Atlantic is, more research must be done to fully understand the geologic nature of Iceland. Given the fact it is one of the only places sea floor spreading can be observed on land and the fact that there is evidence for a mantle plume, the early geological history of Iceland will likely remain a hot area of research. One of the rare examples of sedimentary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8537761", "score": "1.0377488", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Geological deformation of Iceland", "text": "of blocks would appear counterclockwise. The sequential occurrence of major earthquakes in the South Iceland Seismic Zone provided evidence of bookshelf faulting. Within a single event, earthquakes begin in the eastern part of the South Iceland Seismic Zone with larger magnitudes and end up with smaller magnitudes in western part of the zone. In the transform fault zones of Iceland, earthquakes usually occur on small scales (micro-earthquakes) due to plate straining and pore fluid pressure. A large amount of pore fluid pressure migrates from the brittle-ductile transition zone (~10 km) to the lithostatic boundary at 3 km depth. Large scale", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19785927", "score": "1.0377216", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Geography of Iceland", "text": "which runs right through it. This location means that the island is highly geologically active with earthquakes and many volcanoes, notably Hekla, Eldgjá, Herðubreið and Eldfell. Eyjafjallajökull (1,666 m) erupted in 2010, disrupting European air traffic. Iceland has many geysers, including Geysir, from which the English word \"geyser\" is derived. With the widespread availability of geothermal power, and the harnessing of many rivers and waterfalls for hydroelectricity, most residents have access to inexpensive hot water, heating and electricity. The island is composed primarily of basalt, a low-silica lava associated with effusive volcanism as has occurred also in Hawaii. Iceland, however,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "744396", "score": "1.0342615", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Öskjuvatn", "text": "led an expedition in search of them with a vulcanologist Hans Reck, but no trace of them was ever found. Suppositions at the time suggested that seismic volcanic disturbances could have caused a landslip or similar occurrence, and recorded that only two days previously the telegraph cable to Iceland had been broken by deep water disturbances for the first time since it was laid, close to the Icelandic coast. Öskjuvatn Öskjuvatn is a lake in the Highlands of Iceland. Its surface area is about 11 km². With a depth of , it is the second deepest lake in Iceland after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3196301", "score": "1.0284712", "original_retrieval_index": 40 } ]

{ "title": "Volcanology of Iceland", "long_answer": "Volcanology of Iceland includes a high concentration of active volcanoes due to Iceland's location on the mid-Atlantic Ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary, and also due to its location over a hot spot. The island has 30 active volcanic systems, of which 13 have erupted since the settlement of Iceland in AD 874.", "chunked_long_answer": "Volcanology of Iceland includes a high concentration of active volcanoes due to Iceland's location on the mid-Atlantic Ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary, and also due to its location over a hot spot. The island has 30 active volcanic systems, of which 13 have erupted since the settlement of Iceland in AD 874.", "short_answers": [ "a divergent tectonic plate boundary", "divergent tectonic plate boundary", "the mid-Atlantic Ridge" ] }

[ "Chairman" ]

[ { "title": "Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)", "text": "Similar to the Presiding officers of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council also have Presiding Officers. The Legislative Assembly has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker and the Legislative Council has a Chairman and a Deputy Chairman. They are elected from among the members of the House.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Tamil Nadu Legislative Council", "text": "when C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) was nominated by Governor Sri Prakasa to the Council so that Rajaji could become chief minister. The second time was in 1967 when C. N. Annadurai became the chief minister first and then got himself elected to the Council. During 1861-1937, the presiding officer of the Madras Legislative Council was known as the \"President of the Council\". From its establishment in 1861 till dyarchy was introduced in 1921, the Governor of Madras was also the President of the Council. After dyarchy introduced, the first and second council presidents, Perungavalur Rajagopalachari and L. D. Swamikannu Pillai, were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8947566", "score": "1.0142751", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "President of the Western Australian Legislative Council", "text": "President of the Western Australian Legislative Council The President of the Western Australian Legislative Council, also known as the Presiding Officer of the Council, is the presiding officer of the Western Australian Legislative Council, the upper house of the Parliament of Western Australia. The position is analogous to that of the President of the Australian Senate. The President is always a Member of the Western Australian Legislative Council, and is the ceremonial head of that Council. The President therefore performs ceremonial duties, and represents the Council to other organisations. In conjunction with the Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13134789", "score": "0.99703026", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong", "text": "President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong The President of the Legislative Council () is the speaker of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. According to the Article 71 of the Hong Kong Basic Law, the President of the Legislative Council is elected by and from among Legislative Council members, plays the presiding role, administrative role and ceremonial role, and ensures the smooth conduct of the Legislative Council meetings. From the establishment of the council in 1843 to 1993, the President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong was the Governor. In 1991, a Deputy President, Sir John Joseph", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6567308", "score": "0.996891", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong", "text": "Political party: Political party: President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong The President of the Legislative Council () is the speaker of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. According to the Article 71 of the Hong Kong Basic Law, the President of the Legislative Council is elected by and from among Legislative Council members, plays the presiding role, administrative role and ceremonial role, and ensures the smooth conduct of the Legislative Council meetings. From the establishment of the council in 1843 to 1993, the President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong was the Governor. In 1991, a Deputy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6567315", "score": "0.99313295", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "President of the Western Australian Legislative Council", "text": "a previous President, and can be brought down by a vote of the chamber's members (although this has never happened in Western Australia), so must maintain the confidence of the chamber. President of the Western Australian Legislative Council The President of the Western Australian Legislative Council, also known as the Presiding Officer of the Council, is the presiding officer of the Western Australian Legislative Council, the upper house of the Parliament of Western Australia. The position is analogous to that of the President of the Australian Senate. The President is always a Member of the Western Australian Legislative Council, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13134791", "score": "0.9808553", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Tamil Nadu Legislative Council", "text": "Tamil Nadu Legislative Council Tamil Nadu Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It began its existence as Madras Legislative Council, the first provincial legislature for Madras Presidency. It was initially created as an advisory body in 1861, by the British colonial government. It was established by the first Indian Council Act of 1861, enacted in the British parliament in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Its role and strength were later expanded by the second Council Act of 1892. Limited election was introduced in 1909. The Council", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8947538", "score": "0.9735619", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "President of the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man", "text": "in the case of a tied vote, the president breaks the tie. He or she is also responsible for controlling the procedure of the council and for the authoritative interpretation of its standing orders, and has the duty of nominating the member of the council to be responsible for promoting each Bill which is to come before council. President of the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man The President of the Legislative Council (\"Eaghtyrane y Choonceil Slattyssagh\") is the principal officer of the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man. Until 1980, the Lieutenant Governor presided \"ex officio\". From", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8759318", "score": "0.9671675", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "President of the Victorian Legislative Council", "text": "President of the Victorian Legislative Council The President of the Victorian Legislative Council, also known as the presiding officer of the council, is the presiding officer of the Victorian Legislative Council, the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria and equivalent to the President of the Australian Senate. When there is a vacancy in the office of president, a new president is elected by the members of the council from among its number. The president ceases to hold that office if they cease to be a member of the council, and can be removed at any time by a vote", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7351272", "score": "0.9669361", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "President of the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man", "text": "President of the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man The President of the Legislative Council (\"Eaghtyrane y Choonceil Slattyssagh\") is the principal officer of the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man. Until 1980, the Lieutenant Governor presided \"ex officio\". From 1980 to 1990, the members elected a president from among their number. Since 1990, the President of Tynwald has been elected by the members of Tynwald from among their number and sits \"ex officio\" as the President of the Legislative Council. The president of the council, as the presiding officer, remains impartial. but has casting vote; that is,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8759317", "score": "0.9648409", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Bihar Legislative Council", "text": "Bihar Legislative Council Bihar Vidhan Parishad, also known as Bihar Legislative Council, is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the state of Bihar in India. A new Province of Bihar and Odisha was created by the British Government on 12 December 1911. The Legislative Council with a total of 43 members belonging to different categories was formed in 1912. The first sitting of the Council was convened on 20 January 1913. In 1936, Bihar attained its separate Statehood. Under the Government of India Act, 1919, the unicameral legislature got converted into bicameral one, i.e., the Bihar Legislative Council", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12721391", "score": "0.95592725", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Bombay Legislative Council", "text": "Gokuldas Parekh (1912-1915), Vithalbhai Patel (1913-1920), Dinshaw Edulji Wacha (1915), Balkrishna Sitaram Kamat, Wadero Ghulam Kadir Dayo,(1913-1920) and Chunilal Mehta (1916) were among the notable members. The Government of India Act of 1919 which introduced the concept of dyarchy in the province further enlarged the council and gave the elected members a majority. The composition of the Council was as follows: 7 of the constituencies were reserved for Marathas. Indians were elected as the President of the Council such as N. G. Chandavarkar (1921-1923), Ibrahim Rahimtullah (1923) and Ali Muhammad Khan Dehlavi (1927) Bombay Legislative Council Bombay Legislative Council was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10015629", "score": "0.9523249", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Uttar Pradesh Legislature (Vidhan Bhawan)", "text": "Government of India Act of 1935. The Governor Shri Ram Naik was a part of it, as heretofore. The Legislative Council consisted of 60 members. The term of a member of the Council was nine years with one-third of its members retiring after every three years. The Houses enjoyed the right of electing their Presiding Officers known as the President. The first meeting of the Legislative Council was held on 29 July 1937. Sir Sitaram and Begum Aijaz Rasul were elected the President and the Vice-President of the Legislative Council respectively. Sir Sitaram was in office till 9 March 1949.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19161923", "score": "0.95021117", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Presiding Officer of the National Assembly for Wales", "text": "Officer is based in Tŷ Hywel and is also responsible for the Pierhead Building in Cardiff Bay. The main function is to chair plenary sessions of the Assembly, to maintain order and to protect the rights of Members. He or she is responsible for ensuring that business is handled on the basis of equality and impartiality. The Presiding Officer is also responsible for Standing Orders and is the final authority on their interpretation. The Presiding Officer also acts as Chair of the National Assembly for Wales Commission, and has special responsibility for promoting democratic engagement, leadership, developing the Assembly’s future", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7305331", "score": "0.94458956", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Gujarat", "text": "speaker who presides over the meetings of the legislature. A governor is appointed by the President of India, and is to address the state legislature after every general election and the commencement of each year's first session of the Legislative Assembly. The leader of the majority party or coalition in the legislature (Chief Minister) or his or her designee acts as the Leader of the Legislative Assembly. The administration of the state is led by the Chief Minister. After the independence of India in 1947, the Indian National Congress (INC) ruled the Bombay State (which included present-day Gujarat and Maharashtra).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "645440", "score": "0.94130844", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "K. Sankaranarayanan", "text": "was appointed Governor of Rajasthan on 19 August 2007, Sankaranarayanan was also appointed Governor of Arunachal Pradesh, and he was sworn in on 4 September 2007. He remained in that post until January 2008, when Joginder Jaswant Singh became governor of Arunachal Pradesh. On 22 January 2010, he was sworn in as the Governor of Maharashtra. On 27 August 2011 he was given additional charge of Goa till the Indian government appointed B V Wanchoo to the post on 4 May 2012. K Sankaranarayanan, veteran Congress leader, was born on 15 October 1932 as the son of A Sankaran Nair", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9646387", "score": "0.9404417", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Elections in Bihar", "text": "minority, powered by the Congress, RJD and CPI to majority status The upper house known as the Legislative Council has lesser powers than the Assembly and several of its members are nominated by the Assembly. Others are elected from various sections of the society like Graduates and Teachers. Currently the Legislative Council consists of 95 members. A new Province of Bihar and Orissa was created by the British Government on 12 December 1911. The Legislative Council with a total of 43 members belonging to different categories was formed in 1912. The first sitting of the Council was convened on 20", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15108676", "score": "0.94022346", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Bihar Legislative Council", "text": "consisting of the members of the two Houses of the State Legislature. Bihar Legislative Council Bihar Vidhan Parishad, also known as Bihar Legislative Council, is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the state of Bihar in India. A new Province of Bihar and Odisha was created by the British Government on 12 December 1911. The Legislative Council with a total of 43 members belonging to different categories was formed in 1912. The first sitting of the Council was convened on 20 January 1913. In 1936, Bihar attained its separate Statehood. Under the Government of India Act, 1919, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12721394", "score": "0.93887067", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Vijay Kumar Chaudhary", "text": "Vijay Kumar Chaudhary Vijay Kumar Chaudhary (born 8 January 1957) is an Indian politician. He has been a member of Bihar Legislative Assembly since 1982, and currently serves as the Speaker of Bihar Legislative Assembly. He has previously held the posts of Leader of Janata Dal (United) Legislature Party in Bihar Legislative Assembly and the Minister for Water Resources, Agriculture, Animal and Fish Resources and Information & Public Relations Departments in the Government of Bihar. He was considered to be the Number 2 minister in Bihar cabinet and continues to be a member of Nitish Kumar's core committee which shapes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17082075", "score": "0.93846357", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "K. Sankaranarayanan", "text": "member, All India Working Committee, and member, Parliamentary Board Congress (O). K. Sankaranarayanan Kateekal Sankaranarayanan (born 1932) is the ex-governor of the Indian state of Maharashtra. He had also served as the Governor of Nagaland and Jharkhand. Prior to his appointment as governor, he had served as a minister in several Congress led governments of Kerala headed by Chief Ministers A K Antony and K Karunakaran. On 24 August 2014 he was transferred by the NDA government to Mizoram. Sankaranarayanan was also asked to assume the additional charge of Arunachal Pradesh during the absence on leave of S K Singh.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9646390", "score": "0.93801636", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council", "text": "Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council (also known as the Jammu and Kashmir Vidhan Parishad) is the upper house of the legislature of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The Jammu and Kashmir State Legislature consists of the Governor, the Legislative Assembly, and the Legislative Council. The first Legislature was established by the government of the then-Maharaja of Kashmir, Hari Singh, in 1934. In 1957, a new constitution was adopted by the constituent assembly and the Parliament of India passed the Legislative Councils Act. These two pieces of legislation created the current bicameral legislature", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14876365", "score": "0.93796647", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Maharashtra Legislative Council", "text": "Maharashtra Legislative Council The Maharashtra Vidhan Parishad or Maharashtra Legislative Council is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India. The seat of the Vidhan Parishad is situated at the Nariman Point area of South Mumbai in the capital Mumbai. The budget session and the monsoon session are convened in Mumbai whereas the winter session is convened in the auxiliary capital Nagpur. Legislative Council shall consist of not less than 40 members or maximum one-third of the total number of members in the legislative assembly, chosen in the manner provided in this section. It is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12475876", "score": "0.9357145", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Bihar Legislative Assembly", "text": "Speaker of Bihar Legislative Assembly. The Legislative Assembly also has a Secretariat which is headed by Secretary. He is under the disciplinary control of Speaker. The function of Secretary is to assist the Speaker. Bateshwar Nath Pandey is the current Secretary of Bihar Legislative Assembly. Last assembly elections were held in October–November 2015. In July 2017, ex Deputy Chief Minister Tejashwi Yadav of the RJD was charged by the CBI in a corruption case. After prolonged, but ultimately futile deliberations between the members of the Grand Alliance over Yadav resigning, Nitish Kumar resigned as Chief Minister on the 26 July", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12721542", "score": "0.9342388", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Maharashtra", "text": "who are elected for five-year terms. The Maharashtra Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) is a permanent body of 78 members with a third of members replaced every two years. The government of Maharashtra is headed by the Chief Minister, who is chosen by the party or coalition holding the majority in the Legislative Assembly. The Chief Minister, along with the council of ministers, drives the legislative agenda and exercises most of the executive powers. However, the constitutional and formal head of the state is the Governor, who is appointed for a five-year term by the President of India on the advice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "273791", "score": "0.93240124", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council", "text": "consists of thirty-six members, chosen in the following manner: The Legislative Council has two regular sessions — Budget and Monsoon sessions. But these sessions can be convened at any time by the state governor. The Council lacks many of the powers and responsibilities that are bestowed to the Legislative Assembly. While the members of the Legislative Council can introduce any form of legislation except bills concerning financial appropriations, in practice the lower house is the source of most legislation and bills passed by the Assembly are only sent to the Legislative Council for final approval. The Council is required to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14876367", "score": "0.931896", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly", "text": "and assists the Speaker in the execution of his or her duties, and acts Speaker in their absence or during a vacancy in the position. Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly The Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria. The presiding officer of the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria, the Victorian Legislative Council, is the President of the Victorian Legislative Council. A Speaker is elected at the beginning of each new parliamentary term by the Legislative Assembly from one of its members.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7387547", "score": "0.9307137", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament", "text": "Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament The Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament (, ) is the President of the Scottish Parliament. He or she is a Member of the Scottish Parliament elected by the Scottish Parliament by means of an exhaustive ballot, and is \"ex officio\" the head of the Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body. He or she is considered a figurehead of the Scottish Parliament and holds an office in Queensberry House. The office of the Presiding Officer was established by an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the Scotland Act 1998. The current Presiding Officer is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1972179", "score": "0.93070734", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Vidhan Sabha", "text": "Speaker acts as a neutral judge and manages all debates and discussions in the house. Usually he or she is a member of the stronger political party A State Legislative Assembly holds equal legislative power with the upper house of state legislature, the State Legislative Council ('Legislative Council'), except in the area of money bills in which case the State Legislative Assembly has the ultimate authority. A motion of no confidence against the government in the state can only be introduced in the State Legislative Assembly. If it is passed by a majority vote, then the Chief Minister and his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4457206", "score": "0.93003404", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Tasmanian Legislative Council", "text": "by-election are: When the Legislative Council of Van Diemen's Land was created in 1825 it was a fully nominated body with the Lieutenant-Governor as Presiding Officer. Between 1850 and 1856 the Presiding Officer in the Legislative Council was known as the Speaker. Sir Richard Dry was the first elected to hold this position. As part of wider parliamentary changes the title was changed in 1856 to President. The current President of the Legislative Council is Nelson MLC Jim Wilkinson. The Public Accounts committee is a Joint Committee, meaning that it is composed of members from both houses of parliament. Currently,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2933185", "score": "0.92927593", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "C.P.Singh", "text": "is five consecutive term member of legislative assembly. He was elected as MLA from Ranchi in year 1996, 2000, 2005, 2009 and 2014. In legislative assembly, he held some of the vital place as member of government and as member of opposition. From 2000 to 2006, he was ‘Chief Whip’ of ruling party and from 2006 to 2009, he was Chief Whip of opposition party. In January 2010, he was elected as 4th Speaker of Legislative Assembly of Jharkhand, a constitutional position. Currently he is one of the most controversial figures as he was not resigning from the speaker's post", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16005236", "score": "0.9291885", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)", "long_answer": "Similar to the Presiding officers of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council also have Presiding Officers. The Legislative Assembly has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker and the Legislative Council has a Chairman and a Deputy Chairman. They are elected from among the members of the House.", "chunked_long_answer": "Similar to the Presiding officers of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council also have Presiding Officers. The Legislative Assembly has a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker and the Legislative Council has a Chairman and a Deputy Chairman. They are elected from among the members of the House.", "short_answers": [ "Chairman" ] }

[ "late 1968", "November 8, 1968" ]

[ { "title": "Son of a Preacher Man", "text": "Springfield's version was produced by Jerry Wexler, Tom Dowd and Arif Mardin for her first album for the Atlantic Records label and became an international hit reaching No.10 in the United States and No.9 in her native Great Britain when it was released in late 1968. The album Dusty in Memphis was released in stereo, though its singles were remixed and released in mono. \"Son of a Preacher Man\" was to be the last Top Ten chart hit for Springfield for almost 20 years, till she teamed up with Pet Shop Boys for the single \"What Have I Done to", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Son of a Preacher Man (Nancy Wilson album)", "text": "Son of a Preacher Man (Nancy Wilson album) Son of a Preacher Man is a studio album by Nancy Wilson, released on Capitol Records in 1969. It was produced by David Cavanaugh, with arrangements and conducting by Jimmy Jones, Phil Wright, and Joe Parnello. Like other Wilson albums from the same time period, it features a combination of vocal jazz, soul, blues, and popular music, but it also contains songs by country artists Hank Cochran, Roger Miller, and Bobby Russell. AllMusic calls \"Son of a Preacher Man\" a \"soulful, sexy collection,\" with \"percolating grooves [that] capture the singer at her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20995336", "score": "1.0481033", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Son of a Preacher Man (album)", "text": "Son of a Preacher Man (album) \"For the Dusty Springfield and Aretha Franklin song, see \"Son of a Preacher Man.\" \" Son of a Preacher Man is the third solo studio album by American country music artist John Rich, one half of the duo Big & Rich. Rich wrote or co-wrote all of the songs on the album. Originally slated for a May 2009 release on Warner Bros. Records, the same label to which Big & Rich are signed, \"Son of a Preacher Man\" was released on March 24, 2009. The first single released from the album, \"Another You\", debuted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13078742", "score": "1.0467674", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Son of a Preacher Man (Nancy Wilson album)", "text": "2013, SoulMusic Records released a digitally remastered version of the album, paired with Hurt So Bad, another Wilson record from the same time period. Son of a Preacher Man (Nancy Wilson album) Son of a Preacher Man is a studio album by Nancy Wilson, released on Capitol Records in 1969. It was produced by David Cavanaugh, with arrangements and conducting by Jimmy Jones, Phil Wright, and Joe Parnello. Like other Wilson albums from the same time period, it features a combination of vocal jazz, soul, blues, and popular music, but it also contains songs by country artists Hank Cochran, Roger", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20995338", "score": "1.042695", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Jermain Wesley Loguen", "text": "Jermain Wesley Loguen Rev. Jermain Wesley Loguen (February 5, 1813 – September 30, 1872), born Jarm Logue, in slavery, was an African-American abolitionist and bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, and an author of a slave narrative. Jarm Logue was born the son of an enslaved mother named Cherry in Davidson County, Tennessee, and David Logue, a white man who claimed them both as his own property. At age 21, he made permanent escape from bondage on the second attempt with help from his mother and a horse appropriated from his father, \"master\" of man and beast, then", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6530906", "score": "1.0175624", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Son of a Preacher Man", "text": "in mono. \"Son of a Preacher Man\" was to be the last Top Ten chart hit for Springfield for almost 20 years, till she teamed up with Pet Shop Boys for the single \"What Have I Done to Deserve This?\" in 1987. In 1967, while working at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, songwriters John Hurley and Ronnie Wilkins, who had recently had a hit with \"Love of the Common People\", were asked by Jerry Wexler to write a song for Aretha Franklin. Remembering the fact that Franklin's father was a preacher, as Wilkins's grandfather had been, Hurley and Wilkins quickly came up", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4985014", "score": "1.0142936", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Preacher's kid", "text": "children were growing up. Often the children were criticized because of who their father was. An enduring image from popular music is presented in the hit song \"Son of a Preacher Man,\" a ballad of young love remembered, places the minister's son as a \"sweet-talkin' son of a preacher man\", who is possibly more sensitive to women and thus able to emotionally reach the girl who claims that, \"The only one who could ever reach me/Was the son of a preacher man/The only boy who could ever teach me/Was the son of a preacher man.\" Versions of the recording from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4313194", "score": "1.0141622", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Samuel R. Lowery", "text": "Tennessee. His father, Peter, was an African American slave and his mother was a Cherokee Indian. His mother died when Samuel was eight years old. Together with his father, Peter Lowery, Lowery worked at Franklin College, Tennessee and studied under the Christian preacher, Tolbert Fanning. At sixteen he taught in school for four years. In 1849, his father purchased his family's freedom and joined the Church of the Disciples and became the church's first black preacher. Samuel also converted and began preaching. In 1857, he moved to Cincinnati, Ohio and continued preaching there. In 1858 he married and moved to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19311139", "score": "0.99691916", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Son of a Preacher Man (album)", "text": "doesn’t effectively channel the emotions his grandfather’s service evokes within him and his phrasing and lyrics end up straining both rhythmically and logically to make his points.\" After a short chart run, it reached a peak of number 56. Son of a Preacher Man (album) \"For the Dusty Springfield and Aretha Franklin song, see \"Son of a Preacher Man.\" \" Son of a Preacher Man is the third solo studio album by American country music artist John Rich, one half of the duo Big & Rich. Rich wrote or co-wrote all of the songs on the album. Originally slated for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13078745", "score": "0.9938911", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Preacherman", "text": "and runs off alone. Clyde, upon reuniting with Mary Lou, misleads Bull and his deputy, allowing Huxley to make it to the next county free and clear. Preacherman Preacherman is a 1971 American comedy film written, directed, and starring Albert T. Viola. The film revolves around a backwoods con artist posing as a country preacher, who, during a sojourn in a small North Carolina town, alternately misleads a local landowner to take advantage of his daughter, but also helps him sell moonshine to get revenge on a rival. Initially released mostly to theatres in the American south by small distributor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10537041", "score": "0.98314273", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Claude Joseph Johnson", "text": "Claude Joseph Johnson Claude Joseph (\"Dr. C. J.\") Johnson (May 16, 1913July 20, 1990) was an American gospel music singing preacher and pastor. He was born on May 16, 1913 in Douglasville, Georgia, the son of Will and Cora Reid Johnson. The family moved to Atlanta, Georgia in 1916. His mother died when he was young, and he with his elder and younger sister were raised by his paternal grandmother, Sarah Farley Johnson. His father, Will, was a shape note teacher in Georgia in the 1920s and 1930s. He first acted as pastor at the age of 12 at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18563930", "score": "0.9829273", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Samuel Green (freedman)", "text": "Samuel Green (freedman) Samuel Green (c. 1802 – ) was an African-American slave, freedman, and minister of religion, who was jailed in 1857 for possessing a copy of the anti-slavery novel \"Uncle Tom's Cabin\" by Harriet Beecher Stowe. He was born in East New Market, Maryland, to an enslaved mother. His father may have been enslaved. The identity of both parents remains unknown. He labored for his enslaver, Henry Nichols, until Nichols's death in 1832. A provision in Nichols's will enabled Green to buy his freedom. Samuel then worked as a farmer and as a minister or exhorter in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5308681", "score": "0.98235404", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Marjoe Gortner", "text": "Marjoe Gortner Hugh Marjoe Ross Gortner (born January 14, 1944 in Long Beach, California) is a former evangelist preacher and actor. He first gained public attention during the late 1940s when his parents arranged for him at age four to be ordained as a preacher, due to his extraordinary speaking ability. He was the youngest known in that position. As a young man, he preached on the revival circuit and brought celebrity to the revival movement. He became a celebrity again during the 1970s when he starred in \"Marjoe\" (1972), a behind-the-scenes documentary about the lucrative business of Pentecostal preaching.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4465765", "score": "0.98186266", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "W. P. Nicholson", "text": "Nicholson's preaching. W. P. Nicholson William Patteson Nicholson (3 April 1876 – 29 October 1959) was a Presbyterian preacher and evangelist born in Bangor, County Down, Ireland. Nicknamed \"the Tornado of the Pulpit\", Nicholson spent his early years on his father's cargo ship. He began to preach Christianity in 1899 at the age of 23 and was known for his \"men-only\" meetings. Nicholson used straightforward language which communicated to the common man. In the Belfast shipyard of Harland & Wolff, a shed, named \"the Nicholson shed\", was erected to house stolen tools that newly converted workers were returning as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11754896", "score": "0.9818175", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Richard \"Preacher Dick\" Evans", "text": "Richard \"Preacher Dick\" Evans Richard E. Evans (Jan. 4, 1824 - Dec. 6, 1901), also known as \"Preacher Dick,\" or \"Uncle Dickey,\" was a Baptist preacher who served in East Tennessee and western North Carolina. Evans was born in Sevier County, Tennessee, the only son of Jacob Evans of South Carolina and Martha Ogle of Tennessee. He died in Sevier County and his remains are interred in Sevier County's Forks of the River Cemetery. At 16, he was converted by reverends Eli Roberts and William Ogle and joined White Oak Flats Church. That same year, on Jan. 30 of 1840,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16133432", "score": "0.98028886", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "London R. Ferebee", "text": "London R. Ferebee London R. Ferebee (1849 – 1883) was an African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church preacher and author, who was born into slavery on August 18, 1849, in a place called Big Ditch, in Currituck County, North Carolina. He wrote his biography of being born into a slave family, surviving the American Civil War, his imprisonment and later work for the church. He worked while very young, and escaped at a young age. He made a life for himself in education, politics, and religion. He led a full life and, along the way, endured many sufferings and hardships. When", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14970281", "score": "0.9789711", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Abner Kneeland", "text": "Abner Kneeland Abner Kneeland (April 7, 1774 – August 27, 1844) was an American evangelist and theologian who advocated many views, religious and social, which were considered extremely radical for his day. Due to his very public stance on these issues, Kneeland became the last man jailed in the United States for blasphemy. Kneeland was born in Gardner, Massachusetts. At the age of 21, he attended a Baptist church and served as a lay preacher for a time. However, he soon converted to Universalism where he was ordained a minister. He served as minister of various churches for a time,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7984041", "score": "0.97685754", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "W. P. Nicholson", "text": "W. P. Nicholson William Patteson Nicholson (3 April 1876 – 29 October 1959) was a Presbyterian preacher and evangelist born in Bangor, County Down, Ireland. Nicknamed \"the Tornado of the Pulpit\", Nicholson spent his early years on his father's cargo ship. He began to preach Christianity in 1899 at the age of 23 and was known for his \"men-only\" meetings. Nicholson used straightforward language which communicated to the common man. In the Belfast shipyard of Harland & Wolff, a shed, named \"the Nicholson shed\", was erected to house stolen tools that newly converted workers were returning as a result of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11754895", "score": "0.968444", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "John Taylor (Baptist preacher)", "text": "was born in 1752 in Fauquier County, Virginia to a farming family. He was taught at home to read, write and do his numbers. Although christened in the Church of England, he was strongly influenced by the preaching of the Baptist William Marshall, whom he first heard at age 17. Taylor united with the Baptists when he was 20 years old and began preaching on the frontier while living in Virginia. In his \"History of Clear Creek Church: and Campbellism Exposed\" (1830), Taylor provided material about his origins: At my birth, and in the early part of my life, my", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2711513", "score": "0.96627337", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Charles Albert Tindley", "text": "Charles Albert Tindley Rev. Dr. Charles Albert Tindley (July 7, 1851 – July 26, 1933) was an American Methodist minister and gospel music composer. Often referred to as \"The Prince of Preachers\", he educated himself, became a minister and founded one of the largest Methodist congregations serving the African-American community on the East Coast of the United States. Tindley's father was a slave, but his mother was free. Tindley himself was thus considered to be free, but even so he grew up among slaves. After the Civil War, he moved to Philadelphia, where he found employment as a hod carrier", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6407677", "score": "0.9662254", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Preacher Roe", "text": "Preacher Roe Elwin Charles Roe (February 26, 1916 – November 9, 2008), known as Preacher Roe, was a Major League Baseball pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals (1938), Pittsburgh Pirates (1944–47), and Brooklyn Dodgers (1948–54). Roe was born on February 26, 1916, in Ash Flat, Arkansas and grew up in Viola, Arkansas. The nickname \"Preacher\" came at the age of three when an uncle asked his name and Roe responded \"preacher\" because of a minister who would take him on horse-and-buggy rides. For some time, Roe’s father, Charles Roe, played semi-professional ball for a Pine Bluff, Arkansas team before he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5954519", "score": "0.9653236", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "John Hurley and Ronnie Wilkins", "text": "Hurley and Wilkins were asked by Jerry Wexler to write a song for Aretha Franklin. Remembering that Aretha's father was a preacher, as Wilkins' grandfather had been, they quickly came up with the song \"Son of a Preacher Man\". Wexler liked the song and recorded it with Aretha Franklin, but her version was not released and Wexler passed the song on to Dusty Springfield for her album \"Dusty in Memphis\". Released as a single in 1968, Springfield's version reached number 9 on the UK singles chart and number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In 1993, the song was sampled", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20296072", "score": "0.9651107", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Robert Sheffey", "text": "21st century. In 1977, Unusual Films, the cinema division of Bob Jones University, released a feature-length film, \"Sheffey\", with a script based on Carr’s novel. Robert Sheffey Robert Sayers Sheffey (July 4, 1820 – August 30, 1902) was a Methodist evangelist and circuit-riding preacher, renowned for his eccentricities and power in prayer, who ministered to, and became part of the folklore of, the Appalachian region of southwest Virginia, southern West Virginia and eastern Tennessee. Sheffey was born near the hamlet of Ivanhoe, Wythe County, Virginia, of a locally prominent family, the youngest of five brothers. His mother died when he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14415848", "score": "0.9608343", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "John Murrell (bandit)", "text": "and incarcerated in the Tennessee State Penitentiary in Nashville from 1834 to 1844. According to Tennessee prison records, John Andrews Murrell was born in Lunenburg County, Virginia, and raised in Williamson County, Tennessee. Murrell was the son of Jeffrey Murrell and Zilpha Andrews and was the third born of eight children. While incarcerated, his mother, wife, and two children lived in the vicinity of Denmark, Tennessee. John A. Murrell had his first criminal conviction, for horse theft, as a teenager and was branded on the base of his thumb with an \"HT\" for horse thief, flogged, and sentenced to six", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2063016", "score": "0.96015096", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "John Jasper", "text": "faith in God through the imagery of a flat Earth around which the sun rotates. He delivered his last sermon a few days before his death at age 88. The Library of Virginia honored him as one of the African American trailblazers in its \"Strong Men and Women\" series in 2012. John Jasper John Jasper (July 4, 1812 - March 30, 1901) was an ex-slave who became a Baptist minister and noted public speaker for Christianity after the American Civil War. Born into slavery on July 4, 1812 in Fluvanna County, Virginia, to Philip and Tina Jasper one of twenty-four", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19609340", "score": "0.9591009", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Richard \"Preacher Dick\" Evans", "text": "was finished, 10 people professed their faith in Jesus Christ. Burnett, J .J., \"Sketches of Tennessee's Pioneer Baptist Preachers\" Lawson, Fred Raulston, \"The Lawsons of East Tennessee\" Richard \"Preacher Dick\" Evans Richard E. Evans (Jan. 4, 1824 - Dec. 6, 1901), also known as \"Preacher Dick,\" or \"Uncle Dickey,\" was a Baptist preacher who served in East Tennessee and western North Carolina. Evans was born in Sevier County, Tennessee, the only son of Jacob Evans of South Carolina and Martha Ogle of Tennessee. He died in Sevier County and his remains are interred in Sevier County's Forks of the River", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16133436", "score": "0.9557003", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Elijah Craig", "text": "of the new congregation, including himself. His older brother Lewis and younger brother Joseph Craig also became Baptist preachers. In 1768 Lewis was imprisoned with John Waller, James Childs, James Reed and William Marsh in the Fredericksburg jail for several weeks, for preaching without licenses from the established Anglican Church. In 1771 Elijah Craig was ordained and became the pastor of Blue Run church, halfway between Barboursville and Liberty Mills, Virginia. He was jailed at least twice for preaching without the required Virginia license from the Anglican Church. Such preachers were considered a challenge to the entire social order of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1741853", "score": "0.95550454", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Danny Brooks", "text": "had an early introduction to public ministry when his father had Danny, his brother and his sister stand at street corners in Toronto repeating scripture verses. After a rough life and a season of rebellion he was sent to prison for a short stretch in 1972. Brooks attributes his skill in writing music to the time he spent in prison. In 1987, three months after his release from the Donwood Institute in Toronto where he was treated for alcohol and drug addiction, he came to his faith. Donwood Institute He's been active in prison ministry since 1991. In 1991 Danny", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14445062", "score": "0.95427084", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Benajah Harvey Carroll", "text": "Benajah Harvey Carroll Benajah Harvey Carroll, known as B. H. Carroll (December 27, 1843 – November 11, 1914), was a Baptist pastor, theologian, teacher, and author. Carroll was born near Carrollton in Carroll County in north central Mississippi, one of twelve children to Benajah Carroll and the former Mary Eliza Mallard. His father was a Baptist minister. The family moved to Burleson County, Texas in 1858. Carroll served in the army of the Confederate States of America from 1862-1864. In 1865, at the age of twenty two, he converted to Christianity at a Methodist camp meeting after taking up a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6748923", "score": "0.95203257", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Tom Goss (musician)", "text": "hear him tell it, he's having the time of his life.\" In 2015, Goss moved to Los Angeles and began focusing more of his energy on producing new, dynamic and groundbreaking music videos. Crowdfunded with the help of Kickstarter, Goss produced and released Breath and Sound and Son of a Preacher Man. Both videos received critical acclaim. New Now Next called Breath and Sound 'Dazzling,' while The Daily Beast called Son of a Preacher Man \"Moving and Beautifully Composed,\" and The Huffington Post called it \"A powerful, somber take on a Dusti Springfield classic.\" In August 2016 Goss released his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17941071", "score": "0.9513843", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Son of a Preacher Man", "long_answer": "Springfield's version was produced by Jerry Wexler, Tom Dowd and Arif Mardin for her first album for the Atlantic Records label and became an international hit reaching No.10 in the United States and No.9 in her native Great Britain when it was released in late 1968. The album Dusty in Memphis was released in stereo, though its singles were remixed and released in mono. \"Son of a Preacher Man\" was to be the last Top Ten chart hit for Springfield for almost 20 years, till she teamed up with Pet Shop Boys for the single \"What Have I Done to Deserve This?\" in 1987.", "chunked_long_answer": "Springfield's version was produced by Jerry Wexler, Tom Dowd and Arif Mardin for her first album for the Atlantic Records label and became an international hit reaching No.10 in the United States and No.9 in her native Great Britain when it was released in late 1968. The album Dusty in Memphis was released in stereo, though its singles were remixed and released in mono. \"Son of a Preacher Man\" was to be the last Top Ten chart hit for Springfield for almost 20 years, till she teamed up with Pet Shop Boys for the single \"What Have I Done to", "short_answers": [ "late 1968" ] }

[ "1560s", "As early as 1671", "1830", "1804" ]

[ { "title": "History of rail transport in Great Britain", "text": "The railway system of Great Britain, the principal territory of the United Kingdom, is the oldest in the world. It was started with the building of local isolated wooden wagonways starting in 1560s. The system was later built as a patchwork of local rail links operated by small private railway companies in late 18th century. These isolated links developed during the railway boom of the 1840s into a national network, although still run by dozens of competing companies. Over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries, these amalgamated or were bought by competitors until only a handful of", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Locomotion No. 1", "text": "by road from Newcastle to Darlington in September 1825. On 26 September, the day before the opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, the locomotive was taken on a trial run between Shildon and Darlington, with a number of the railway’s directors aboard the railway’s first passenger coach, known as ‘’Experiment’’. The driver was James Stephenson, the elder brother to George Stephenson, who had to perch on a small platform beside the boiler; the fireman, William Gowling, stood on a footplate between the engine and the tender. On 27 September 1825, \"Locomotion No.1\" hauled the first train on the Stockton", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4834478", "score": "1.072985", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Royal train", "text": "royal car was taken out of regular service and is now on display at the Swedish Railway Museum, however it has been put back into service for special occasions since; the museum is connected by rail to the regular network and some of the cars on display can rather easily be brought back to service. Queen Victoria was the first British monarch to travel by train, on 13 June 1842, when she travelled on the Great Western Railway (GWR), which ran the line between London and Windsor (for Windsor Castle). Soon, other major British railway companies had their own carriage(s)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4152441", "score": "1.0590608", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830", "text": "general merchandise. The line was in length, had 100 passing loops along its single track, and four branch lines to collieries. It opened on 27 September 1825. The first train was hauled by Stephenson's \"Locomotion No 1\" at speeds of . Four locomotives named \"Locomotion\" were constructed; they were effectively beam engines on wheels with vertical cylinders. They were also amongst the first locomotives to use coupling rods rather than chains to drive their wheels. The railway was initially operated like a public road, and it was a common occurrence for waggoners' trains to meet on the single track, leading", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9190267", "score": "1.0528259", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "History of Hertfordshire", "text": "The first branch railway line in England was the Aylesbury one, which opened in 1839. It had a station in Hertfordshire, at Marston Gate. Another rail line grew out from London towards Cambridge, reaching Broxbourne in 1840, Harlow in 1841, and Bishops Stortford in 1842. A branch to Hertford opened in 1843. The first Hatfield train crash took place on Boxing Day, 1870. The London Underground rail line reached Rickmansworth in 1887. The two flagship garden cities of Letchworth and Welwyn were central to the development of town planning in England. The first Garden City Company formed in 1903, with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4035450", "score": "1.0518668", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Ambergate, Nottingham, Boston and Eastern Junction Railway", "text": "road, not very fast, but a jolly tumble about.\"\" However the first train departed at 9 a.m. with half a dozen second and third class carriages and a number of wagons. As with most railways of the time, operation was somewhat haphazard and it wasn't long before the first accident in October, 1850. Joy again: \"\"We had got another engine from Railway Foundry, known as No. 266, and she did \"goods\"; and Nottingham Goose Fair coming, and a special ordered for Nottingham, I snapped at the chance of driving one of the engines. I don't know how it all came", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12200245", "score": "1.0515023", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "South Devon Railway Company", "text": "train when required, so that, on arriving at Teignmouth, where the locomotive was removed, the piston carriage started the train when the signal was given. Later writers assert different dates for these key events. Gregory, writing in 1982 says that the experimental first run to Turf was on 25 February 1847; and he says that it was on \"16th August that the first atmospheric train reached [Teignmouth]\". \"Early in September a daily goods train was regularly transferred to atmospheric working and the great day when the public could sample it for the first time [i.e. the start of atmospheric passenger", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9345108", "score": "1.0479419", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Dawlish", "text": "the seafront, but Brunel ensured that the line was carried across the mouth of the stream on a small granite viaduct, leaving access to the beach. The atmospheric railway opened on 30 May 1846 and ran between Exeter St Davids and Newton Abbot. The first passenger train ran in September 1847, but the project was besieged with problems mainly with the leather sealing valve, which after 12 months of use needed replacing at a cost of £25,000. South Devon Railway directors abandoned the project in favour of conventional trains. After visiting Sidmouth in 1801, Jane Austen spent a long holiday", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2916407", "score": "1.0461822", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Ipswich–Ely line", "text": "train carrying various GER officers ran on 6 June 1879, the line failed to pass the mandatory government inspection and it was not until 1 September that the line opened. The opening day was not auspicious, as a locomotive was derailed near Soham, without casualties. One of the first trains to use the new link was a train carrying racehorses from Newmarket to Doncaster. From the outset the single track line was operated by the GER, and Fordham and Soham stations (both equipped with goods yards) all opened on 1 September 1879. At the same time as the ENR line", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5805817", "score": "1.0461649", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Transport in the United Kingdom", "text": "main lines (the West Coast, East Coast, Midland, Great Western and Great Eastern), which radiate from London to the rest of the country, augmented by regional rail lines and dense commuter networks within the major cities. High Speed 1 is operationally separate from the rest of the network, and is built to the same standard as the TGV system in France. The world's first passenger railway running on steam was the Stockton and Darlington Railway, opened on 27 September 1825. Just under five years later the world's first intercity railway was the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, designed by George Stephenson", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "433070", "score": "1.0344175", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "England", "text": "is the oldest in the world: passenger railways originated in England in 1825. Much of Britain's of rail network lies in England, covering the country fairly extensively, although a high proportion of railway lines were closed in the second half of the 20th century. There are plans to reopen lines such as the Varsity Line between Oxford and Cambridge. These lines are mostly standard gauge (single, double or quadruple track) though there are also a few narrow gauge lines. There is rail transport access to France and Belgium through an undersea rail link, the Channel Tunnel, which was completed in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "119436", "score": "1.0343571", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Darlington TMD", "text": "an alternative view is that it was a two-road engine shed, big enough to house four of the first main line steam engines, built by the Newcastle & Darlington Junction Railway when it opened in 1844. The Tithe map of 1847 confirms the building in this position. The listing notes that the first trains to run on the 1841 line used locomotives borrowed or purchased from the Stockton and Darlington. It also says, \"The architect is uncertain but it is thought to be George Townsend Andrews of York, architect of the first York Station. While this cannot be confirmed the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18980952", "score": "1.0279475", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Derby railway station", "text": "Inn was for second class passengers and railway workers. The saying went that patrons of the first chatted about hunting and shooting, of the other, shunting and hooting. The first public departure from a temporary platform was on 4 June 1839 when a Midland Counties train ran to Nottingham. (the inaugural run having taken place from Nottingham on the 30th) The first train to Birmingham departed on 12 August in the same year, from another temporary platform further south. The Tri Junct Station finally opened when the North Midland line was completed to Rotherham Masborough on 11 May 1840, reaching", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4829090", "score": "1.0271378", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Shildon", "text": "as the world's first railway station. In the early stages of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, tickets were sold at the bar. Between 1833 and 1841 the company hired a room in the pub for use as a booking office. The railway ran from its northern terminus at Shildon along 27 miles of track to its terminus at Stockton. Recruited to the railway by George Stephenson in 1824, Timothy Hackworth went on to become superintendent in 1825. He was charged with building locomotives for the company. Timothy Hackworth moved into Hackworth House (formerly Soho House) with his family in 1831.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4436600", "score": "1.0268499", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "London and Birmingham Railway", "text": "London than Camden Town.\" The railway opened from Euston on 20 July 1837; the stationary engines and rope haulage did not commence until 27 September, and handled all trains from 14 October 1837. Until then, and whenever the rope system was stopped for repairs, locomotives hauled the trains up the incline. From November 1843 some expresses were worked without recourse to the rope, and from 15 July 1844 the rope working ceased permanently. Initially it was decided that it would be cheaper to work the railway by a contractor, and Edward Bury was chosen and awarded the contract in May", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1570141", "score": "1.0252768", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "North West England", "text": "extensive local passenger rail networks operating high-frequency commuter trains. The quietest train station in the region is Reddish South, the 4th quietest in Britain. The InterCity service in the UK began between London and Manchester in the late 1960s; the new Euston station opened in 1968. With the new electrification of the line in the late 1960s, passenger numbers doubled. The region saw the last steam-train service on the UK network - the Fifteen Guinea Special on 11 August 1968, with three Black Five locomotives. Sea ferries depart from Liverpool (Gladstone Dock) to Dublin (P&O Irish Sea) and to Douglas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "639506", "score": "1.0246984", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "NER electric units", "text": "trains were seen. The parcel vans were used with passenger coaches on morning and evening workman's trains. The line was electrified with a third rail at 600 V DC, and the first trains ran on 29 March 1904 between Newcastle (New Bridge Street) railway station and . Services were running to the Tynemouth coast and back to Newcastle on 25 July 1904. A short link between Manors railway station and New Bridge Street opened on 1 January 1909, completing a circular route. Twenty-two passenger cars and a parcel van were built between 1908 and 1915 to cope with increased traffic.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17046185", "score": "1.0246353", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Nottingham Carrington Street railway station", "text": "gateposts to the yard and the bridge under the towpath still survive. The first member of the British Royal Family to travel by train was Dowager Queen Adelaide who took a train provided by the Midland Counties Railway from Nottingham to Derby, where another train provided by the North Midland Railway transported Her Majesty to Leeds on 22 July 1840. In view of plans by the Midland Railway, as it had become, to extend the line to Lincoln two extra lines with platforms were added on the south side of the station crossing Carrington Street on the level. However, by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12236614", "score": "1.0240294", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Banbury Merton Street railway station", "text": "Duke of Buckingham and local landowner Sir Harry Verney M.P., was one of the driving forces behind the line. The opening of the line on 1 May 1850 took place amid great celebrations in Banbury; the first train departed at 6.30am to a crowd of onlookers but with few paying passengers. More passengers joined the later trains at 9.45am and 1.45pm which were bound for Bletchley where they were met by flags and a brass band. The LNWR provided an initial service of four trains per day, with special excursion trains being laid on for major events such as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10946872", "score": "1.0209945", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Stockton-on-Tees", "text": "crossing on Bridge Road. Hauled by Locomotion No 1, the great engineer himself manned the engine on its first journey on 27 September 1825. Fellow engineer and friend, Timothy Hackworth acted as guard. This was the world's first passenger railway, connecting Stockton with Shildon. The opening of the railway greatly boosted Stockton, making it easier to bring coal to the factories; however the port declined as business had moved down river to Middlesbrough. Stockton witnessed another discovery in 1827. Local chemist John Walker invented the friction match in his shop at 59 High Street. The first sale of the matches", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2160447", "score": "1.0201064", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Wadebridge", "text": "Sir William Molesworth of Pencarrow. The line was intended to carry sand from the Camel Estuary to inland farms for use as fertiliser. It was opened on 30 September 1834 with the locomotive \"Camel\" pulling a train load of 400 passengers (one of the first railways in Britain to carry passengers). When the company ordered its second locomotive it came with a name plate already affixed. It had been named the \"Elephant\" as the makers had failed to realise that the first engine had been named after the river and not an animal. The last passenger train left Wadebridge railway", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3871332", "score": "1.0191394", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830", "text": "Railway obtained an Act of Parliament on 21 May 1801 to build a tramroad between Wandsworth and Croydon in what is now south London; the engineer was William Jessop. Although it survived only until 1845 and was for freight traffic only, it prefaced many others in different parts of the country. Meanwhile, the first passenger-carrying public railway was the Oystermouth Railway, authorised in 1807. All three of these railways were initially worked by horses; the Surrey Iron Railway remained horse-drawn throughout its life. The Kilmarnock and Troon Railway was authorised by Act of Parliament on 27 May 1808 and was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9190259", "score": "1.0183332", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Stowmarket railway station", "text": "deep) and a raft of brushwood and faggots was used to give the embankment a firm footing. The River Gipping was also diverted to aid the project. On 26 November 1846 the first test train ran to Bury St Edmunds with stops at most stations on the route, accompanied by the inevitable lavish celebrations. The official opening followed on 7 December 1846 when a special train ran from Shoreditch (later Bishopsgate railway station) to a temporary station at Bury St Edmunds. The Board of Trade inspection took place on 15 December 1846 and the line opened for traffic on 24", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5984481", "score": "1.0181746", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Sheffield and Rotherham Railway", "text": "not been laid, the railway opened on 31 October 1838. The first train, on 31 October, transported Earl Fitzwilliam and guests to Rotherham. A celebration breakfast followed by the obligatory speeches were held at the Court House. The Rotherham proprietors used the return train to Sheffield. On the following day, 1 November 1838, came the public opening. The first train was pulled by \"Victory\" and consisted of six yellow and black carriages, holding 300 passengers. The line's trackside, trees and bridge were filled with crowds who'd turned up for the event. \"Victory\" travelled to Rotherham in 17 minutes. Locomotive \"London\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5503383", "score": "1.0122063", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Norfolk Railway", "text": "the line opened, and at first arriving passengers were ferried across the River Bure. Cory objected to that, stating that he had the monopoly on ferry crossings as well, and the matter went to court. On 12 April 1844 the line was nearly complete and a special train was run over the line, conveying, among others, General Pasley of the Board of Trade. There was a ceremonial opening on 30 April 1844, followed by the full public opening on 1 May 1844. There were seven passenger trains each way daily, four of which were non-stop trains completing the journey in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16131312", "score": "1.0120416", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Travelling Post Office", "text": "at the suggestion of Frederick Karstadt, a General Post Office surveyor. Karstadt's son was one of two mail clerks who did the sorting. In 1845 the service was extended via Derby to Newcastle upon Tyne by the Midland Railway; and soon after reached Scotland. The first special postal train was operated by the Great Western Railway between London and Bristol. The inaugural train ran on 1 February 1855, leaving Paddington station at 20:46, and arriving at Bristol at 00:30. In 1866, apparatus for picking up and setting down mailbags without stopping was installed at Slough and Maidenhead. In 1963 (the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4515925", "score": "1.0118548", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Coaches of the Great Western Railway", "text": "The first train in the United Kingdom with corridor connections between all carriages entered service on 7 March 1890 on the Paddington to Birkenhead route, and further corridor trains were introduced on all the main routes over the next few years. In 1900 a new Milford Boat Train set introduced electric lights and the communication cord was moved inside the train; until now a passenger needing to stop the train in an emergency had to lean out of the window and pull a cord above the door. At this time carriages generally had a clerestory roof but elliptical roofs were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12994091", "score": "1.0117416", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Rail ale trail", "text": "London to Bath, Somerset and Oxford. More than thirty years later Crookham Travel still run Rail Ale Rambles. Meanwhile, the term \"rail ale\" has been adopted by organisations such as the Devon and Cornwall Rail Partnership, who promote rural train routes in the English West Country. In the 1980s the local railway management had promoted travel to pubs close to stations using the tag line \"Let us drive you to the pub\". Some incentives were offered to railway passengers to use certain pubs. The Tarka Line Rail Ale Trail was the first to be launched in 2002. The \"Beer Engine\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11072041", "score": "1.0103748", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "History of Slough", "text": "subsequently from the newly built North Star Inn. However, a station was built and opened by June 1840, and Queen Victoria made her first ever railway journey, from Slough station to Bishop's Bridge near Paddington, on 13 June 1842 - some three years after her husband Prince Albert who had first travelled from the trackside at Slough to Paddington on 14 November 1839. In 1849, a branch line was completed from Slough Station to Windsor & Eton Central railway station for the Queen's greater convenience. Originally, the headmaster of Eton College, Dr. John Keate, had resisted efforts to place a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10442212", "score": "1.0101979", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Passenger rail franchising in Great Britain", "text": "Trains 05;10 Twickenham to Waterloo on 4 February 1996, although this came after the first privately run service, which ironically was a rail replacement bus service covering the early morning Fishguard to Cardiff journey in South Wales, due to engineering works. As the program progressed, all franchises had been awarded and commenced by 1 April 1997, the last being ScotRail. OPRAF was initially criticised for taking too long, but answered that most of the delays were outside of their control, and were indeed caused by the government itself. The first four franchise competitions only attracted four bidders each, well below", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11117113", "score": "1.0096416", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "History of rail transport in Great Britain", "long_answer": "The railway system of Great Britain, the principal territory of the United Kingdom, is the oldest in the world. It was started with the building of local isolated wooden wagonways starting in 1560s. The system was later built as a patchwork of local rail links operated by small private railway companies in late 18th century. These isolated links developed during the railway boom of the 1840s into a national network, although still run by dozens of competing companies. Over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries, these amalgamated or were bought by competitors until only a handful of larger companies remained (see railway mania). The entire network was brought under government control during the First World War and a number of advantages of amalgamation and planning were revealed. However, the government resisted calls for the nationalisation of the network. In 1923, almost all the remaining companies were grouped into the \"big four\", the Great Western Railway, the London and North Eastern Railway, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and the Southern Railway. The \"Big Four\" were joint-stock public companies and they continued to run the railway system until 31 December 1947.", "chunked_long_answer": "The railway system of Great Britain, the principal territory of the United Kingdom, is the oldest in the world. It was started with the building of local isolated wooden wagonways starting in 1560s. The system was later built as a patchwork of local rail links operated by small private railway companies in late 18th century. These isolated links developed during the railway boom of the 1840s into a national network, although still run by dozens of competing companies. Over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries, these amalgamated or were bought by competitors until only a handful of", "short_answers": [ "1560s" ] }

[ "1939" ]

[ { "title": "British Empire in World War II", "text": "On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Two days later, on 3 September, after a British ultimatum to Germany to cease military operations was ignored, Britain and France declared war on Germany. Britain's declaration of war automatically committed India, the Crown colonies, and the protectorates, but the 1931 Statute of Westminster had granted autonomy to the Dominions so each decided their course separately.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II", "text": "World War II included the campaigns in Hong Kong, India, Burma, Thailand, Indochina, Malaya and Singapore. On 8 December 1941, the conflict in this theatre began when the Empire of Japan invaded Hong Kong, Thailand and Malaya from bases located in China and French Indochina. Action in this theatre officially ended on 9 September 1945 with the surrender of Japan. The outbreak of war in the Far East found the United Kingdom critically overstretched. British forces in the area were weak in almost all arms. On 8 December 1941, the Japanese launched invasions of Thailand, Malaya and Hong Kong. On", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636607", "score": "1.0510199", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "British entry into World War I", "text": "British entry into World War I Great Britain entered World War I on 4 August 1914 when the king declared war after the expiration of an ultimatum to Germany. For much of the 19th century, Britain pursued a policy later known as splendid isolation, which sought to maintain the balance of power in Europe without formal alliances. As Europe divided into two power blocs during the 1890s, the 1895-1905 Conservative government realised this left Britain dangerously exposed. This resulted in the 1902 Anglo-Japanese Alliance, followed by King Edward VII's 1903 visit to Paris. By reducing anti-British feeling in France, it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20880179", "score": "1.0349835", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "History of the British Isles", "text": "any tariff barriers imposed. At the turn of the century, Britain was involved in the Second Boer War in South Africa. Queen Victoria, who had reigned since 1837, died in 1901 and was succeeded by her son, Edward VII, who, in turn, was succeeded by George V in 1910. In 1914, Britain entered the First World War by declaring war on Germany. Nearly a million Britons were killed in the war, which lasted until Germany's surrender on 11 November 1918. Home Rule in Ireland, which had been a major political issue since the late 19th century but put on hold", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3343081", "score": "1.0343497", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Dyce Work Camp", "text": "the camp was closed in October 1916, with the ministerial statement that it had always been intended to be only temporary. When the United Kingdom joined in World War I by declaring war on Germany on 4 August 1914 the British Army was flooded with volunteers, in a seizure of patriotic fervour. However, by autumn 1915 there was a shortage of recruits to replace those killed or injured in the fighting, so a voluntary system, the Derby Scheme, was instituted, by which men could \"attest\" that they were willing to serve when the time came. However, this also did not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19540471", "score": "1.0257916", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "History of the United Kingdom during the First World War", "text": "World War because of its blood ties to the ruling family of Germany, Britain's prime adversary in the war. Before the war, the British royal family had been known as the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. In 1910, George V became King on the death of his father, King Edward VII, and remained king throughout the war. He was the first cousin of the German Kaiser Wilhelm II, who came to symbolise all the horrors of the war. Queen Mary, although British like her mother, was the daughter of the Duke of Teck, a descendant of the German Royal House", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157845", "score": "1.0229871", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "History of the United Kingdom", "text": "Churchill came to power, promising to fight the Germans to the very end. The Germans threatened an invasion—which the Royal Navy was prepared to repel. First the Germans tried to achieve air supremacy but were defeated by the Royal Air Force in the Battle of Britain in late summer 1940. Japan declared war in December 1941, and quickly seized Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore, and Burma, and threatened Australia and India. Britain formed an alliance with the Soviet Union (starting in 1941) and very close ties to the United States (starting in 1940). The war was very expensive. It was paid", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "432769", "score": "1.0223395", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II", "text": "of) the Royal Navy for the remainder of the war. On 3 September, the UK and France declared war on Germany as obliged by the Anglo-Polish military alliance. The declaration was made 24 hours after the UK had issued an ultimatum to Germany to withdraw all German forces from Poland. After the fall of Poland, the Royal Navy was strengthened by the arrival of two Polish submarines Orzeł (Eagle) and Wilk (Wolf). The Polish Navy in the United Kingdom was then supplemented with leased British ships. The British Army immediately began dispatching the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) to support France.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636498", "score": "1.0198237", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II", "text": "had been transported to France. Over the next few months, troops, materials and vehicles continued to arrive in France and Belgium and by 13 March 1940 the BEF had doubled in size to 316,000 men. This period leading up to 10 May 1940 was known as the Phoney War, as there was little combat apart from minor clashes of reconnaissance patrols. The Allied generals believed that time was on their side, and hoped to weaken Germany by blockade before going on the offensive. On 10 May the stalemated Phoney War ended with a sweeping German invasion of the Benelux. German", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636504", "score": "1.016426", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Lord Kitchener Wants You", "text": "the Soviet Union. Prior to the institution of conscription in 1916, the United Kingdom relied upon volunteers for military service. Until the outbreak of the First World War, recruiting posters had not been used in Britain on a regular basis since the Napoleonic Wars. UK government advertisements for contract work were handled by His Majesty's Stationery Office, who passed this task onto the publishers of R. F. White & Sons in order to avoid paying the government rate to newspaper publishers. As war loomed in late 1913 the number of advertising contracts expanded to include other firms. J. E. B.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8665978", "score": "1.0106564", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II", "text": "performed anti-submarine patrols in 1941–42. In addition, personnel training in the RN improved as the realities of the battle became obvious. For instance, the training regime of Vice Admiral Gilbert O. Stephenson is credited in improving personnel standards to a significant degree. The attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 and the subsequent German declaration of war on the United States made it a global war. German U-boats conducted a highly successful campaign against traffic along the American east coast. A proportion of the ships sunk were en route to assembly points for convoys to the UK. German sailors called", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636514", "score": "1.0052648", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "History of the United Kingdom during the First World War", "text": "early 1915, but fell dramatically during the later years, especially after the Somme campaign, which resulted in 500,000 casualties. As a result, conscription was introduced for the first time in for single men, and extended in May–June to all men aged 18 to 41 across England, Wales and Scotland, by way of the \"Military Service Acts\". Urban centres, with their poverty and unemployment were favourite recruiting grounds of the regular British army. Dundee, where the female dominated jute industry limited male employment had one of the highest proportion of reservists and serving soldiers than almost any other British city. Concern", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157863", "score": "1.0044177", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "History of the United Kingdom during the First World War", "text": "1918 allowed women over 21 to stand as MPs. The new coalition government of 1918 charged itself with the task of creating a \"land fit for heroes\", from a speech given in Wolverhampton by David Lloyd George on 1918, where he stated \"What is our task? To make Britain a fit country for heroes to live in.\" More generally, the war has been credited, both during and after the conflict, with removing some of the social barriers that had pervaded Victorian and Edwardian Britain. The War had a profound influence upon rural areas, as the U-boat blockade required the government", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157903", "score": "1.0041803", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of the United Kingdom during the First World War", "text": "History of the United Kingdom during the First World War The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was one of the Allied Powers during the First World War of 1914–1918, fighting against the Central Powers (the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria). The state's armed forces were reorganised—the war marked the founding of the Royal Air Force, for example—and increased in size because of the introduction, in January 1916, of conscription for the first time in the country's history as well as the raising of what was, at the time, the largest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157822", "score": "0.99806094", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "United Kingdom", "text": "1900. The Labour Party emerged from an alliance of trade unions and small socialist groups in 1900, and suffragettes campaigned for women's right to vote before 1914. Britain fought alongside France, Russia and (after 1917) the United States, against Germany and its allies in the First World War (1914–1918). British armed forces were engaged across much of the British Empire and in several regions of Europe, particularly on the Western front. The high fatalities of trench warfare caused the loss of much of a generation of men, with lasting social effects in the nation and a great disruption in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "429131", "score": "0.995285", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II", "text": "of engagement were so restricted that any attacks that were made were mostly ineffective. However, once France had fallen in the summer of 1940 that began to change. During and after the Battle of Britain, bomber forces pounded the invasion fleets assembling in channel ports. However, they also flew a raid against Berlin after German bombs had fallen on London. The attack on Berlin by Bomber Command so enraged Hitler that he ordered the deliberate and systematic targeting of British cities in revenge. Throughout 1941, the size of the raids launched by Bomber Command slowly grew. However, due to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636635", "score": "0.9941632", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Second Army (United Kingdom)", "text": "met up with the British forces. Shortly thereafter, the Second World War in Europe came to an end with the surrender of the government of Karl Dönitz, who had succeeded Adolf Hitler after his suicide. Second Army (United Kingdom) The British Second Army was a field army active during the First and Second World Wars. During the First World War the army was active on the Western Front throughout most of the war and later active in Italy. During the Second World War the army was the main British contribution to the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944 and .", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2555222", "score": "0.9928912", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Victory Medal (United Kingdom)", "text": "and to most of those who were awarded the British War Medal. It was not awarded singly. To qualify, recipients need to have served in the armed forces of the United Kingdom or the British Empire, or with certain recognised voluntary organisations, and have entered any theatre of war between 5 August 1914 and 11 November 1918. While home service did not count, United Kingdom based members of the RAF who were actively engaged in the air against the enemy did qualify, as did those who flew new planes to France. Women qualified for this and other First World War", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9783345", "score": "0.99200296", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Recruitment in the British Army", "text": "a 2-year extension. After the 2 years the soldier or officer maybe after a further 2 years service and thereafter until they reach 55 years of age. During both World Wars, subjects throughout the British Empire volunteered to help the United Kingdom. During World War I, the Dominions raised their own armies, but were under the British command structure, and very much integrated into the British fighting forces. Over 2.5 million men, which included Canada sending 418,000 men overseas, Australia sending 322,000,South Africa sending 230,000, New Zealand sending 124,000, and other volunteers from the Crown Colonies. During peacetime, British Empire", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4890999", "score": "0.98801786", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "History of the United Kingdom during the First World War", "text": "of those who could not fight contributed to philanthropic and humanitarian causes. Fearing food shortages and labour shortfalls, the government passed legislation such as the Defence of the Realm Act 1914, to give it new powers. The war saw a move away from the idea of \"business as usual\" under Prime Minister H. H. Asquith, and towards a state of total war (complete state intervention in public affairs) under the premiership of David Lloyd George; the first time this had been seen in Britain. The war also witnessed the first aerial bombardments of cities in Britain. Newspapers played an important", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157824", "score": "0.98690796", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "History of the United Kingdom during the First World War", "text": "could arrive. German zeppelins bombed towns on the east coast, starting on 1915 with Great Yarmouth. London was also hit later in the same year, on . Propaganda supporting the British war effort often used these raids to their advantage: one recruitment poster claimed: \"It is far better to face the bullets than to be killed at home by a bomb\" (see image). The reaction from the public, however, was mixed; whilst 10,000 visited Scarborough to view the damage there, London theatres reported having fewer visitors during periods of \"Zeppelin weather\"—dark, fine nights. Throughout 1917 Germany began to deploy increasing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157872", "score": "0.98629344", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "World War II by country", "text": "government of the UK. During the Second World War, the Isle of Man had a detention camp for Axis citizens and suspected sympathisers, including members of the British Union of Fascists and the Irish Republican Army. A naval base, radar network and training stations were also established on the island. The United States was neutral early in the fight, although it steadily grew ties with the Allies and began providing increased levels of assistance to them. The United States joined the Allies in December 1941 after the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan.Germany and Italy declared war", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4432585", "score": "0.9862657", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "History of the United Kingdom", "text": "1942, but finally crushed Germany, Italy and Japan. Britain was no longer a military or economic superpower, as seen in the Suez Crisis of 1956. Britain no longer had the wealth to maintain an empire, so it granted independence to almost all its possessions. The new states typically joined the Commonwealth of Nations. Postwar years saw great hardships, alleviated somewhat by large-scale financial aid from the United States, and some from Canada. Prosperity returned in the 1950s. Meanwhile, in 1945–50 the Labour Party built a welfare state, nationalized many industries, and created the National Health Service. The UK took a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "432637", "score": "0.98578167", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "World War II by country", "text": "and was considered one of the Big Three during Allied conferences in the second half of the war. The United Kingdom maintained close ties with the nations of the British Empire, and the forces of those countries were often incorporated into British military operations. In Northern Ireland despite urgings from the Stormont government, conscription was never implemented due to Irish nationalist opposition, which echoed nationalist agitation against conscription during World War I. The Channel Islands are self-governing Crown dependencies off the coast of France, and were the only British territory to be occupied by Germany during the War. The islands", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4432583", "score": "0.98544866", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "History of the United Kingdom during the First World War", "text": "all-volunteer army in history, known as Kitchener's Army, of more than 2,000,000 men. The outbreak of war has generally been regarded as a socially unifying event, although this view has been challenged by more recent scholarship. In any case, responses in Great Britain in 1914 were similar to those amongst populations across Europe. On the eve of war, there was serious domestic unrest in the UK (amongst the labour and suffrage movements and especially in Ireland) but much of the population rapidly rallied behind the government. Significant sacrifices were made in the name of defeating the Empire's enemies and many", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157823", "score": "0.983984", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Social history of the United Kingdom (1945–present)", "text": "independence to India in 1947. Most of the other major overseas colonies became independent in the late-1950s and early-1960s. The UK collaborated closely with the United States during the Cold War after 1947, and in 1949; helped to form NATO as a military alliance against the spread of Soviet Communism. After a long debate and initial scepticism, the United Kingdom joined the European Economic Community along with Ireland and Denmark on 1 January 1973, but voted to leave the European Union in a nationwide referendum held on 23 June 2016. Immigration from South Asia, the West Indies, and Eastern Europe", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17335742", "score": "0.9837789", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "History of the United Kingdom during the First World War", "text": "from collaboration with London to demands for immediate independence (see Easter Rising), a move given great impetus by the Conscription Crisis of 1918. Military historians continue to debate matters of tactics and strategy. However, in terms of memory of the war, historian Adrian Gregory argues that: On 4 August, the King declared war on the advice of H. H. Asquith of the Liberal Party Prime Minister. Britain's basic reasons for declaring war focused on a deep commitment to France and avoidance of splitting the Liberal Party. Top Liberals threatened to resign if the cabinet refused to support France—which would mean", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157827", "score": "0.9821497", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "History of the United Kingdom during the First World War", "text": "the first time since the Napoleonic Wars, the population of the British Isles was in danger of attack from naval raids. The country also came under attack from air raids by zeppelins and fixed-wing aircraft, another first. The Raid on Yarmouth, which took place in , was an attack by the German Navy on the British North Sea port and town of Great Yarmouth. Little damage was done to the town itself, since shells only landed on the beach once German ships laying mines offshore were interrupted by British destroyers. One British submarine was sunk by a mine as it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4157869", "score": "0.98181057", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany (1914)", "text": "United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany (1914) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland declared war on the German Empire on August 4, 1914. The declaration was a result of German refusal to remove troops from neutral Belgium. Prior to the German invasion, the United Kingdom had signed the Treaty of London (1839) which guaranteed British and French defence of Belgium sovereignty. On August 3, 1914 Sir Edward Grey announced to the House of Commons information he had received from the Belgian Legation in London. He announced that Belgian officials had informed him that they had received a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20743198", "score": "0.9806028", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II", "text": "Because of thinly-stretched supply lines, the American fast broad-front advance could not be sustained, grinding to a halt in Lorraine and Belgium. Heated discussions then took place over the next phase of Allied strategy. Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France in August 1944 was carried out almost entirely by American and Free French troops, though British naval forces took part in bombardment duties and air protection of the beachhead. The only British land forces to take part were the 2nd Independent Parachute Brigade. They landed without much opposition, and rapidly took their objectives. The quick success of the operation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1636594", "score": "0.9780388", "original_retrieval_index": 47 } ]

{ "title": "British Empire in World War II", "long_answer": "On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Two days later, on 3 September, after a British ultimatum to Germany to cease military operations was ignored, Britain and France declared war on Germany. Britain's declaration of war automatically committed India, the Crown colonies, and the protectorates, but the 1931 Statute of Westminster had granted autonomy to the Dominions so each decided their course separately.", "chunked_long_answer": "On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Two days later, on 3 September, after a British ultimatum to Germany to cease military operations was ignored, Britain and France declared war on Germany. Britain's declaration of war automatically committed India, the Crown colonies, and the protectorates, but the 1931 Statute of Westminster had granted autonomy to the Dominions so each decided their course separately.", "short_answers": [ "1939" ] }

[ "Walter Pauk" ]

[ { "title": "Cornell Notes", "text": "The Cornell Notes system (also Cornell note-taking system, Cornell method, or Cornell way) is a note-taking system devised in the 1940s by Walter Pauk, an education professor at Cornell University. Pauk advocated its use in his best-selling book How to Study in College.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Note-taking", "text": "a right hand column for notes, a left hand column for provoking key words or some type of questions that might help remember key aspects of the topic. Cornell Method also help students worldwide combat the effects of forgetting, which can be instantaneous and complete. It is recommended to read the notes at least 3 times in order for the content to sink in. Otherwise, with time it will be forgotten. For more information please refer to the article Forgetting Curve. Professional notetakers provide access to information for people who cannot take their own notes, in particular the deaf and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4867445", "score": "1.3269817", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Cornell Notes", "text": "week, you will have a greater success rate by retaining more information. When reviewing the material, the student can cover the note-taking (right) column while attempting to answer the questions/keywords in the key word or cue (left) column. The student is encouraged to reflect on the material and review the notes regularly. A study published in 2010 by Wichita State University compared two note taking methods in a secondary English classroom, and found that Cornell Note taking may be of added benefit in cases where students are required to synthesize and apply learned knowledge, while the guided notes method appeared", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5683245", "score": "1.3175926", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Cornell Notes", "text": "to be better for basic recall. Another study published in the summer of 2013 found that \"Students who were taught CN (Cornell notes) did take better notes than those who were not, but they did not have higher achievement results.\" The study also stated that \"Through analysis of assessment scores, I found no significant difference between the intervention and base classes on achievement.\" Cornell note-taking can give students an effectiveness in organization of thoughts that they have been taught and give a better review in recollecting all the information that they have learned. The Cornell note taking system is not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5683246", "score": "1.220973", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Note-taking", "text": "Note-taking Note-taking (sometimes written as notetaking or note taking) is the practice of recording information captured from another source. By taking notes, the writer records the essence of the information, freeing their mind from having to recall everything. Notes are commonly drawn from a transient source, such as an oral discussion at a meeting, or a lecture (notes of a meeting are usually called minutes), in which case the notes may be the only record of the event. Note taking is a form of self discipline. Note-taking has been an important part of human history and scientific development. The Ancient", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4867424", "score": "1.1680698", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Cornell Notes", "text": "student should leave five to seven lines, or about , at the bottom of the page. Notes from a lecture or teaching are written in the note-taking column; notes usually consist of the main ideas of the text or lecture, and long ideas are paraphrased. Long sentences are avoided; symbols or abbreviations are used instead. To assist with future reviews, relevant questions (which should be recorded as soon as possible so that the lecture and questions will be fresh in the student's mind) or key words are written in the key word column. These notes can be taken from any", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5683243", "score": "1.1662073", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Note-taking", "text": "traditional methods of note-taking. A study done by Pam A. Mueller of Princeton University and Daniel M. Oppenheimer of the University of California have shown that students who take notes digitally against students who take notes on paper retain less information and have difficulties remembering what they've typed down. Electronic note-taking has created computer-aided distractions in class as multitasking on laptops is very easy to accomplish. However these researches are only about typing notes on laptops, not writing on tablets. Laptops are usually a controlled device in classrooms and students may or not be able to take notes on their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4867443", "score": "1.1174923", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Cornell Notes", "text": "source of information, such as fiction books, DVDs, lectures, text books, etc. It's important to recite the information by covering the note-taking column (with a paper or folder, for example) and then looking at the questions or cue-words column, and saying the answers to the questions, ideas, or facts in your own words. Ask yourself questions while studying: \"Why is this material significant?\" \"How can I apply this to the real-world?\" Take the time to study your Cornell Notes, take at least 10 minutes each week and go over your notes. By studying a little bit each day or each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5683244", "score": "1.1082491", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Note-taking", "text": "onto the best and easiest note-taking techniques. Practice in note-taking may lead to great skills in it that may also lead to success in the future. In some contexts, such as college lectures, the main purpose of taking notes may be to implant the material in the mind; the written notes themselves being of secondary importance. Historically, note-taking was an analog process, written in notebooks, or other paper methods like Post-It notes. In the digital age, computers, tablet PCs and personal digital assistants (PDAs) are common. Note-taking is a race against time. The note taker typically is under severe time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4867428", "score": "1.066778", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Note-taking", "text": "hearing impaired. Professional Notetakers most frequently work in colleges and universities, but are also used in workplace meetings, appointments, conferences, and training sessions. They are usually educated to degree level. In the UK they are increasingly expected to have a professional note-taking qualification, such as that offered by the Council for the Advancement of Communication with Deaf People (CACDP). Professional freelance notetakers can also be supplied by transcription services companies, such as Take Note Take Note Typing, Professional Notetaking & Transcription Services Note-taking Note-taking (sometimes written as notetaking or note taking) is the practice of recording information captured from another", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4867446", "score": "1.0197685", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Ann Weiser Cornell", "text": "Ann Weiser Cornell Ann Weiser Cornell (born Ann Weiser on October 6, 1949 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American author, educator, and worldwide authority on Focusing, the self-inquiry psychotherapeutic technique developed by Eugene Gendlin. She has written several definitive books on Focusing, including \"The Power of Focusing: A Practical Guide to Emotional Self-Healing\", \"The Focusing Student's and Companion's Manual\", and \"Focusing in Clinical Practice\". Cornell has taught Focusing around the world since 1980, and has developed a system and technique called Inner Relationship Focusing. She is also a past president of the Association for Humanistic Psychology. Ann Weiser Cornell received", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17591040", "score": "1.0179889", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Note-taking", "text": "and add more entries or rows to the outline. Non-linear note-taking involves using mind maps and spidergrams that start with notes in the middle of a page, commonly in an oval representing the topic. Non-linear note taking may require additional sheets of paper extending the notes at the top, bottom or sides, giving an holistic overview of the information. The many types of non-linear note-taking include clustering, concept mapping, the Cornell system, idea mapping, instant replays, Ishikawa diagrams, knowledge maps, learning maps, mind mapping, model maps, the pyramid principle, semantic networks, and SmartWisdom. This method of note taking is useful", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4867433", "score": "1.0081661", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Irving Literary Society (Cornell University)", "text": "from Cornell and was admitted to the bar at Binghamton, New York. He later served as deputy tax collector for Middletown, New York, owned a cigar factory, and became president of the Orange County Trust Company. Ira Adelbert Place (1881) also became a lawyer. While at Cornell he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa as well as editor of \"The Cornellian\", \"The Cornell Era\", and \"The Cornell Review\". In later years he was a trustee of Cornell. Burton Ellsworth Bennett (1885) was elected Class of 1885 Orator, and delivered the Class Day Oration at commencement. He also served as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15025059", "score": "1.0061002", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Note-taking", "text": "Greeks developed hypomnema, personal records on important subjects. In the Renaissance and early modern period, students learned to take notes in schools, academies and universities, oftentimes producing beautiful volumes that served as reference works after they finished their studies. In predigital times there were many kinds of notebooks used by adults, some of which included accounting waste books, marginalia, and commonplace books. Philosopher John Locke developed an indexing system which served as a model for commonplace books; for example, it inspired another book, \"Bell’s Common-Place Book, Formed generally upon the Principles Recommended and Practised by Mr Locke\" nearly a century", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4867425", "score": "1.0058534", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "History of Cornell University", "text": "History of Cornell University The history of Cornell University begins when its two founders, Andrew Dickson White of Syracuse and Ezra Cornell of Ithaca, met in the New York State Senate in January 1864. Together, they established Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, in 1865. The university was initially funded by Ezra Cornell's $400,000 endowment and by New York's allotment of the Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862. However, even before Ezra Cornell and Andrew White met in the New York Senate, each had separate plans and dreams that would draw them toward their collaboration in founding Cornell. White believed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6819592", "score": "0.9986682", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Cornell literary societies", "text": "between Germany and Italy.\" When conducting these exercises, the members would also perform music from the cultures featured. The members also conducted mock trials. The society died out in October 1881. Among its members was the jurist Wilmot Moses Smith, who co-wrote the lyrics to \"Far Above Cayuga's Waters\", Cornell's alma mater. On December 7, 1893 the name (but not the society itself) was resurrected when a group of undergraduates formed the Curtis Debating Club with separate organizations for sophomores, juniors and seniors, and a combined membership of 75 men. Eventually, an overall Cornell Union was established to coordinate all", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14704885", "score": "0.998568", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Andrew Dickson White", "text": "children's book \"Charlotte's Web\", continued to go by the nickname 'Andy' for the rest of his life after his undergraduate years at Cornell. White was awarded numerous honorary degrees: Cornell University links Other links Andrew Dickson White Andrew Dickson White (November 7, 1832 – November 4, 1918) was an American historian and educator, who was the cofounder of Cornell University and served as its first president for nearly two decades. He was known for expanding the scope of college curricula. A politician, he had served as state senator in New York. He was later appointed as a US diplomat to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1422336", "score": "0.99636686", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "George Lincoln Burr", "text": "George Lincoln Burr George Lincoln Burr (January 30, 1857 – June 27, 1938) was a U.S. historian, diplomat, author, and educator, best known as a Professor of History and Librarian at Cornell University, and as the closest collaborator of Andrew Dickson White, the first President of Cornell. Burr was born in Albany, New York and entered the Cortland Academy in 1869, where he first met Andrew Dickson White, who was guest speaker for its 50th anniversary. The financial Panic of 1873 wreaked havoc on his family's finances, and he was forced to leave school and seek employment at age 16.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7954046", "score": "0.9954385", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Thomas Frederick Crane", "text": "A.D. White and taught French, Italian, Spanish, and medieval literature. He was among the founders of the \"Journal of American Folklore\". He also served as the first Dean of the Arts College and later as Acting President of the University. As a young faculty member, he became one of the first members of the Cornell Chapter of The Kappa Alpha Society. Today, he is remembered in Cornell's fight song, \"Give My Regards to Davy\", whose lyrics begin \"\"Give my regards to Davy / Remember me to Tee Fee Crane.\" \"Tee Fee Crane\" was a nickname given to Crane by students.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8947580", "score": "0.99534166", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Kurunjang Secondary College", "text": "a college readiness system for elementary through higher education that is designed to increase schoolwide learning and performance. The AVID College Readiness System (ACRS) accelerates student learning, uses research based methods of effective instruction, provides meaningful and motivational professional learning, and acts as a catalyst for systemic reform and change. Students in the AVID program use the \"Cornell Notes\" system of note taking, developed by the Cornell University, as well as using a single binder for all subjects. On a twice monthly basis students will take part in tutorials with Pre-service teachers from Victoria University. Prior to the tutorial students", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12098243", "score": "0.9941041", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Alonzo B. Cornell", "text": "in a telegraph office in Cleveland, Ohio. Afterwards, he owned steamboats on Cayuga Lake from 1862 to 1863. From 1864 to 1869 he was a cashier and vice president of the First National Bank of Ithaca. He was a director of the Western Union Telegraph Company, which had been co-founded by his father, from 1868 to 1876 and was its vice president from 1870 to 1876. He was town supervisor of Ithaca in 1864-5. From 1858 until 1866, he served as chairman of the Tompkins County Republican committee, and in 1866-7 was a member of the Republican state committee. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3398817", "score": "0.99062574", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Ezra Cornell", "text": "day in 1831. Ezra Cornell Ezra Cornell (; January 11, 1807 – December 9, 1874) was an American businessman, politician, philanthropist and educational administrator. He was the founder of Western Union and a co-founder of Cornell University. He also served as President of the New York Agriculture Society and as a New York state Senator. He was born in Westchester Landing, in what would become the Bronx, New York, the son of Eunice (Barnard), and a potter, Elijah Cornell, and was raised near DeRuyter, New York. He was a cousin of Paul Cornell, the founder of Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2227504", "score": "0.9888137", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Cornell University", "text": "States Secretary of State, and Chief Justice of the United States. Georgios Papanikolaou, who taught at Cornell's medical school from 1913 to 1961, invented the Pap smear test for cervical cancer. Robert C. Baker ('43), widely credited for inventing the chicken nugget, taught at Cornell from 1957 to 1989. Carl Sagan was a professor at the university from 1968 to 1996. He narrated and co-wrote the PBS series \"\", the Emmy Award- and Peabody Award-winning show that became the most watched series in public-television history. He also wrote the novel \"Contact\", the basis for a 1997 film of the same", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9140812", "score": "0.9886535", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Note-taking", "text": "or digital pens, with the aid of note-taking software. Online applications are receiving growing attention from students who can forward notes using email, or otherwise make use of collaborative features in these applications and can also download the texts as a file (txt, rtf...) in a local computer. It has also become common for lecturers to deliver lectures using these and similar technologies, including electronic whiteboards, especially at institutes of technology. Online note-taking has created problems for teachers who must balance educational freedom with copyright and intellectual property concerns regarding course content. Electronic note-taking has shown ineffectiveness when compared to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4867442", "score": "0.9885345", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Ezra Cornell", "text": "Ezra Cornell Ezra Cornell (; January 11, 1807 – December 9, 1874) was an American businessman, politician, philanthropist and educational administrator. He was the founder of Western Union and a co-founder of Cornell University. He also served as President of the New York Agriculture Society and as a New York state Senator. He was born in Westchester Landing, in what would become the Bronx, New York, the son of Eunice (Barnard), and a potter, Elijah Cornell, and was raised near DeRuyter, New York. He was a cousin of Paul Cornell, the founder of Chicago's Hyde Park neighborhood. Cornell was also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2227491", "score": "0.9868171", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Cornell University", "text": "(1952), and Henry Louis Gates, African American Studies scholar and subject of an arrest controversy and White House \"Beer Summit\", taught at Cornell from 1985 to 1989. Plant genetics pioneer Ray Wu invented the first method for sequencing DNA, considered a major breakthrough in genetics as it has enabled researchers to more closely understand how genes work. Emmy Award-winning actor John Cleese, known for his roles in \"Monty Python\", \"James Bond\", \"Harry Potter\" and \"Shrek\", has taught at Cornell since 1999. Charles Evans Hughes taught in the law school from 1893 to 1895 before becoming Governor of New York, United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9140811", "score": "0.98648596", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Tony Cornell", "text": "before the digital era. Cornell and his associates at the Society for Psychical Research pioneered the study of paranormal activities in the UK and paved the way for subsequent investigations. Tony Cornell was born in Histon, Cambridgeshire in 1924 and educated at The Perse School and Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, then Fitzwilliam House, from which he graduated in 1949. Tony joined the SPR in 1952, was elected to Council in 1962 and became Vice-President in 1992. Elected Treasurer in 1980, he resigned in 2003, having held the post for 22 years. During this time he focused mainly on investigating hauntings, poltergeists", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13369167", "score": "0.9858673", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Ezra Cornell", "text": "that would teach practical subjects on an equal basis with the classics favored by more traditional institutions. Andrew Dickson White helped secure the new institution's status as New York's land grant university, and Cornell University was granted a charter through their efforts in 1865. Lands granted by the Morrill Act to universities in states without substantial federal land could be claimed in those states which had a large surplus of unclaimed land. Cornell University's endowment was a stand out success based on Ezra Cornell's judicious investment in federal land, especially timber land in Wisconsin. Unlike most land grant universities, who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2227500", "score": "0.9843304", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "James McMahon (mathematician)", "text": "Dickson White’s “Correspondence University”, a distance learning initiative of 1883. In 1884, James McMahon became an Cornell instructor, in 1890 an assistant professor, and in 1904 a member of the Cornell Faculty as professor of mathematics. He was one of the two most prominent Cornell mathematicians of this early period–the other one being James Oliver. In 1893 McMahon helped to found the Sigma Xi Society. The idea was to create the Phi Beta Kappa of the sciences, a concession that the literary and arts focused Phi Beta Kappa Society was perceived as being tied to an older collegiate focus antedating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14747562", "score": "0.98111546", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Andrew Dickson White", "text": "Senate, running on the Union Party ticket. In the senate, White met fellow upstate senator Ezra Cornell, a self-taught Quaker farmer from Ithaca who had made a modest fortune in the telegraph industry. Around this time, the senators were called on to decide how best to use the higher education funding provided by the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act, which allocated timberland in the Midwest, which states could sell as they saw fit. Through effective management by Cornell, New York generated about $2.5 million (equivalent to $ in today dollars) from its allotted scrip, a greater yield per acre than any", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1422321", "score": "0.9804702", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Cornell Notes", "long_answer": "The Cornell Notes system (also Cornell note-taking system, Cornell method, or Cornell way) is a note-taking system devised in the 1940s by Walter Pauk, an education professor at Cornell University. Pauk advocated its use in his best-selling book How to Study in College.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Cornell Notes system (also Cornell note-taking system, Cornell method, or Cornell way) is a note-taking system devised in the 1940s by Walter Pauk, an education professor at Cornell University. Pauk advocated its use in his best-selling book How to Study in College.", "short_answers": [ "Walter Pauk" ] }

[ "Lana Del Rey" ]

[ { "title": "Young and Beautiful (Lana Del Rey song)", "text": "\"Young and Beautiful\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey used for the soundtrack to the drama film The Great Gatsby (2013). It was released on April 23, 2013 through Interscope Records as the lead single from the soundtrack. \"Young and Beautiful\" was written by Del Rey and Rick Nowels, who also produced the song. The music video features an orchestral version of the song, produced by Dan Heath, which is included on the deluxe edition of the soundtrack.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Young and Beautiful (Lana Del Rey song)", "text": "the film and played during the scene where the characters portrayed by Leonardo DiCaprio and Carey Mulligan express their romantic feelings for one another. With the lyrics \"Will you still love me when I'm no longer young and beautiful?\", Del Rey adds a hint of desperation which parallels the idiosyncrasies faced by the characters in F. Scott Fitzgerald's classic novel \"The Great Gatsby\". Del Rey's dreamy vocals are draped over sedated strings and canned percussion. The soft and dreary vocals, falling in line with Del Rey's retro affectation, fits the atmosphere of the 1920s when the novel is set. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17211027", "score": "0.9633754", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Young and Beautiful (Lana Del Rey song)", "text": "a dark room with glittery diamond-tears on her cheek which look like tattoos. Jason Lipshutz of \"Billboard\" magazine described the video as \"somber\" and the singer's look as \"especially demure\". Lipshutz concluded that \"the clip ends without ever reaching any kind of conclusion -- much like the rhetorical question 'Will you still love me when I'm no longer young and beautiful?' at the heart of the song.\" \"Spin\"s Marc Hogan described it as \"elegantly conceived, but succeed[s] only as much as the music does\". An edit of the video set to the Cedric Gervais remix was published on 27 September", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17211029", "score": "0.9338213", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Will You Still Love Me? (song)", "text": "Will You Still Love Me? (song) \"Will You Still Love Me?\" is a song written by David Foster, Tom Keane and Richard Baskin for the group Chicago and recorded for their album \"Chicago 18\" (1986). The second single released from that album, it reached number three on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in early 1987, prevented from further chart movement by \"Keep Your Hands to Yourself\" by The Georgia Satellites and \"Livin' on a Prayer\" by Bon Jovi, and also number two on the Adult Contemporary chart, kept from the top spot by \"Ballerina Girl\" by Lionel Richie. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9704632", "score": "0.8975533", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Young and Beautiful (Lana Del Rey song)", "text": "Del Rey penned the original song \"Young and Beautiful\" for the soundtrack of the 2013 film adaptation of the novel \"The Great Gatsby\", written from the perspective of Daisy Buchanan. In an interview with Catalunya Ràdio; Del Rey said she had three new songs for her third extended play, \"Paradise\": \"I Sing the Body Electric\", \"In the Land of Gods and Monsters\" and \"Will You Still Love Me When I'm No Longer Young and Beautiful.\" Del Rey sang the chorus of \"Young and Beautiful\" during the Catalunya Ràdio broadcast. Baz Luhrmann later gave an interview which contained a Skype chat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17211025", "score": "0.89698625", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Will You Still Love Me? (song)", "text": "song was Chicago's first top ten hit following the departure of Peter Cetera, and it featured new singer and bassist Jason Scheff on lead vocals. One of the song's co-writers, Tom Keane had previously fronted the early 1980s band Keane, for which Jason Scheff played bass. In 2003, jazz group Urban Knights, led by pianist Ramsey Lewis, covered the song with vocals by Michelle Williams (Destiny's Child). Will You Still Love Me? (song) \"Will You Still Love Me?\" is a song written by David Foster, Tom Keane and Richard Baskin for the group Chicago and recorded for their album \"Chicago", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9704633", "score": "0.8685877", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "When You're Young and in Love", "text": "The song has also been recorded by Donny and Marie - as \"(When You're) Young and in Love\" - and The Jets for their 1987 album \"Magic\". When You're Young and in Love \"When You're Young and in Love\" is a song composed by Van McCoy which first became a Top 40 hit single for the Marvelettes in 1967: a remake by the Flying Pickets would reach the UK Top Ten in 1984. The first recording of the song was by Ruby & the Romantics; like all the group's singles on Kapp Records the track was produced by label a&r", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13242507", "score": "0.8682419", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "I'll Still Love You", "text": "I'll Still Love You \"I'll Still Love You\" is a song written by English musician George Harrison and first released in 1976 by his former Beatles bandmate Ringo Starr. Produced by Arif Mardin, the track appeared on Starr's debut album for Atlantic Records and Polydor, \"Ringo's Rotogravure\". The composition had a long recording history before then, having been written in 1970 as \"Whenever\", after which it was copyrighted with the title \"When Every Song Is Sung\". Harrison originally intended the song for Welsh singer Shirley Bassey, who had a hit in the summer of 1970 with a cover version of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16275834", "score": "0.8632662", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "When You're Young and in Love", "text": "When You're Young and in Love \"When You're Young and in Love\" is a song composed by Van McCoy which first became a Top 40 hit single for the Marvelettes in 1967: a remake by the Flying Pickets would reach the UK Top Ten in 1984. The first recording of the song was by Ruby & the Romantics; like all the group's singles on Kapp Records the track was produced by label a&r head Allen Stanton. Released in September 1964, \"When You're Young...\" reached the Top Five in Honolulu but otherwise failed to register strongly in any US market reaching", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13242502", "score": "0.862283", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Do You Know (Jessica Simpson album)", "text": "major backed primarily by an acoustic guitar. The sixth track \"Still Beautiful\" is a moderate up-tempo song in the key of B major backed primarily by steel guitar. The seventh track \"Still Don't Stop Me\" is a ballad in the key of E major about a love gone bad, driven by acoustic guitar and percussion. \"When I Loved You Like That\", the eighth track, is an up-tempo song in the key of A major backed by electric and steel guitars and percussion. \"Might as Well Be Making Love\" track number nine, is a country-pop ballad in the key of F", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12311300", "score": "0.85902464", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Young and Beautiful (Lana Del Rey song)", "text": "with Del Rey, where Luhrmann said \"we are very lucky that the song found a film\", implying the song had already been penned prior to the film. Luhrmann changed some of the lyrics in the beginning of the second verse from the demo version of \"Will You Still Love Me\" to fit with the film. It clearly was always intended for \"Paradise\", which did get picked up by various media. The song was released to contemporary hit radio as a single and was used as the film's kickoff single. A snippet of the track appeared in the official trailer for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17211026", "score": "0.85017645", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "I'll Still Love You", "text": "\"I'll Still Love You\". The available take is missing the start of the performance and its lyrics appear to be incomplete. AllMusic critic Richie Unterberger describes this early version of the song as \"haunting\" and \"a noteworthy find\" among outtakes from Harrison's 1970 triple album. \"When Every Song Is Sung\" was one of up to six Harrison compositions recorded in February 1971 for what was intended to be a debut solo album by Ronnie Spector. The latter was the former lead singer of the Ronettes and the wife of Harrison's \"All Things Must Pass\" co-producer, Phil Spector. As in 1970,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16275842", "score": "0.8467115", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "When Will I Be Loved (song)", "text": "When Will I Be Loved (song) \"When Will I Be Loved\" is a classic popular song written by Phil Everly of the Everly Brothers, who had a US top ten hit with it in 1960. Linda Ronstadt covered the song in 1975, and her version was an even bigger hit in the US peaking at No. 2. The Everly Brothers scored a number 8 hit single with \"When Will I Be Loved\" in the summer of 1960 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. The track had been recorded in 1960 while the duo were contracted to Cadence Records; by 1960", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12518432", "score": "0.8432332", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "I'll Still Love You More", "text": "Live'\", it still an effective ballad. She goes on to call Yearwood's performance \"beautiful and flawless.\" The video was directed by Picture Vision. \"I'll Still Love You More\" debuted at number 69 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of May 8, 1999. I'll Still Love You More \"I'll Still Love You More\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Trisha Yearwood for her album \"Where Your Road Leads\" (1998). It was written by Diane Warren and released in April 1999 as the album's fourth single. Aside from the album version, a pop", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14882488", "score": "0.84303963", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Will You Love Me Tomorrow", "text": "is featured as frequently in the musical. Will You Love Me Tomorrow \"Will You Love Me Tomorrow\", also known as \"Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow\", is a song written by Gerry Goffin and Carole King. It was originally recorded in 1960 by the Shirelles, who took their single to number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. The song is also notable for being the first song by a black all-girl group to reach number one in the United States. It has since been recorded by many artists over the years, including a 1971 version by co-writer Carole King.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7703372", "score": "0.8424755", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "I'll Keep Loving You", "text": "Young have collaborated many times before and after the song was done. It has charted in Germany and France. The song is the second to last track on the album, placed accurately in the album, bringing it to a slow ending. The song is an emotional ballad, which features lyrics showing the two singers being affectionate of each other, while also insulting themselves and each other, such as \"You are cruel, you are,\" sung by Young in the first verse and \"You are so wild,\" sung by Birdy in the second verse. Young sings the first verse, and Birdy sings", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18816954", "score": "0.8422024", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "I Still Love You (The Vejtables song)", "text": "I Still Love You (The Vejtables song) \"I Still Love You\" is a song by the American folk rock band the Vejtables, written by Jan Errico, and first appears on the group's debut single, which was released on Autumn Records in 1965 (\"see\" 1965 in music). The Vejtables were signed to the record label after receiving some regional notice on the nightclub circuit, despite all the band members still were enrolled in high school. \"I Still Love You\" exhibits influences from their label-mates the Beau Brummels, though it is largely marked by its jangling 12-string guitar arrangements, folky vocal harmonies,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19122393", "score": "0.8407891", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Young and Beautiful (Lana Del Rey song)", "text": "lyrics rotate around the themes of pleasing a lover, nostalgia, and the gloom of aging. The Cedric Gervais remix of the song was released on October 11, 2013. The music video for \"Young and Beautiful\" was set to be released on April 22, 2013, but was officially released on 10 May 2013. Directed by Chris Sweeney, the video's production was helmed by Adam Smith and Jacob Swan-Hyam, with Sophie Muller shooting the footage. Flanked by a full-string orchestra, Del Rey sings Dan Heath's Orchestral version of her song in 1920s art deco fashion. She is shown singing the song in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17211028", "score": "0.8402295", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "I'll Still Love You", "text": "the \"makeweight bagatelles\" on side two of \"Rotogravure\". As listed in the musicians' credits on the \"Ringo's Rotogravure\" LP: I'll Still Love You \"I'll Still Love You\" is a song written by English musician George Harrison and first released in 1976 by his former Beatles bandmate Ringo Starr. Produced by Arif Mardin, the track appeared on Starr's debut album for Atlantic Records and Polydor, \"Ringo's Rotogravure\". The composition had a long recording history before then, having been written in 1970 as \"Whenever\", after which it was copyrighted with the title \"When Every Song Is Sung\". Harrison originally intended the song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16275856", "score": "0.83932287", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "I'll Keep Loving You", "text": "the second verse, and they both sing the hook and bridge. The song features a brief drop, at the beginning of the song, when drums are played, then a piano comes in, and synths accompany it. I'll Keep Loving You \"I'll Keep Loving You\" is a song by French DJ and producer David Guetta, taken from his sixth studio album, \"Listen\". It features vocals from Jaymes Young and Birdy. It was released, along with the album, on 24 November 2014. The song is a piano ballad, a musical departure for Guetta, and is a duet between Birdy and Young. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18816955", "score": "0.83830225", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "When Will I Be Loved (song)", "text": "afford a number 1 ranking to \"When Will I Be Loved\" on its C&W chart. As Ronstadt's \"When Will I Be Loved\" descended the charts, its B-side, a remake of Buddy Holly's \"It Doesn't Matter Anymore\", garnered enough airplay to chart at number 47 Pop, number 20 Adult Contemporary, and number 54 Country. When Will I Be Loved (song) \"When Will I Be Loved\" is a classic popular song written by Phil Everly of the Everly Brothers, who had a US top ten hit with it in 1960. Linda Ronstadt covered the song in 1975, and her version was an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12518435", "score": "0.8335853", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "You're Sixteen", "text": "version features Carrie Fisher as Starr's love interest, though at the time Carrie Fisher was 22 years old (born 1956). In 2017, the song was connected to the Roy Moore controversy when \"Breitbart\" editor Joel Pollak, during an interview on CNN, said: \"You know, in 1973, Ringo Starr hit No. 1 on the billboard charts with the song 'You're 16, You're Beautiful and You're Mine,'\" Pollak said. \"(Starr) was 30-something at the time, singing about a 16-year-old. You want to take away Ringo Starr's achievement?\" The song title has been the subject of musical parody by various performers, from Australian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6056577", "score": "0.83343554", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Craig Sharpe", "text": "by the most, he replied \"\"You're Beautiful\" by James Blunt, because it reminds me of my music teacher Heather Macdonald, who died at the young age of 28.\" He also shared the stage with music producer David Foster, in 2008. He performed his own rendition of \"Angels\", with a children's choir. Sharpe has reportedly auditioned for a role in the TV series \"Glee\" with the song \"And I'm Telling You I'm Not Going.\" He now lives in Newfoundland. Craig Sharpe Craig Sharpe (born 23 September 1989) is a Canadian pop singer who was the runner-up on Canadian Idol 4, having", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8267339", "score": "0.8317653", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Who? (song)", "text": "Who? (song) \"Who?\" (1925) is a popular song (sometimes written as \"Who (Stole My Heart Away)?\") written for the Broadway musical \"Sunny\" by Jerome Kern, Otto Harbach and Oscar Hammerstein II. The song was also featured in the film version of \"Sunny\" (1930) starring Marilyn Miller. George Olsen and His Orchestra scored a major hit with their 1925 recording of the song. Tommy Dorsey and His Orchestra with vocalist Jack Leonard had a hit with it in the late 1930s; their arrangement was patterned after Dorsey's 1937 recording of \"Marie\". Judy Garland sang the song in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer biopic \"Till", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12710382", "score": "0.8306168", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "I'll Still Love You", "text": "his Beatles composition \"Something\". Although Harrison recorded \"When Every Song Is Sung\" himself during the sessions for \"All Things Must Pass\" that year, it was not included on his album. He went on to produce recordings of the track by former Ronette Ronnie Spector in February 1971, and Cilla Black in August 1972, but neither version was completed for release. Mary Hopkin and Leon and Mary Russell also attempted the song during the first half of the 1970s, with Harrison participating in the Russells' recording. A later version by Black – produced by David Mackay and titled \"I'll Still Love", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16275835", "score": "0.8280438", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "I'll Keep Loving You", "text": "I'll Keep Loving You \"I'll Keep Loving You\" is a song by French DJ and producer David Guetta, taken from his sixth studio album, \"Listen\". It features vocals from Jaymes Young and Birdy. It was released, along with the album, on 24 November 2014. The song is a piano ballad, a musical departure for Guetta, and is a duet between Birdy and Young. It is the second to last track on the standard version of the album, and helped slow the album down towards an end. It is built over a strong piano melody, drums, and minimal synths. Birdy and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18816953", "score": "0.82646734", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "I'll Still Love You", "text": "You (When Every Song Is Sung)\" – appeared on her 2003 compilation \"Cilla: The Best of 1963–78\". Together with John Lennon and Paul McCartney's respective contributions, the song's inclusion on \"Rotogravure\" marked the second occasion when Starr's former bandmates had each supplied a song for one of his albums, after \"Ringo\" in 1973. While Starr's rendition is often held in low regard, some commentators consider \"I'll Still Love You\" to be one of Harrison's finest love songs and on a par with \"Something\". Author Ian Inglis describes the song as \"an unfinished masterpiece\". In late 1969, George Harrison's song \"Something\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16275836", "score": "0.8259109", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "I Still Love You (Bee Gees song)", "text": "I Still Love You (Bee Gees song) \"I Still Love You\" is a song by the Bee Gees primarily written by Barry, Robin & Maurice Gibb. It was released as a double A side of \"Living Eyes\" and on the album \"Living Eyes\". Produced by the Gibb brothers with Albhy Galuten and Karl Richardson. The song included in the compilations, \"Bee Gees\" (1999) \"Bee Gees Mix\" and \"Love Hits\" (1987). \"I Still Love You\" is a song written by Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb in 1981. Robin Gibb sings lead on this track, he also sings harmony with his brothers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6505164", "score": "0.82451975", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Young at Heart (Frank Sinatra song)", "text": "Rosemary Clooney (on her album \"While we're Young\"), Bobby Vinton, Tom Waits, Bing Crosby (charting briefly in 1954 at the #24 spot), Barry Manilow (on his album \"The Greatest Songs of the Fifties\"), Bob Dylan, Landon Pigg, Mark Vincent and Vonda Shepard, James Darren, Monty Alexander, and Michael Bublé (on his album \"To Be Loved\"). The Cure incorporated verses from \"Young At Heart\" during concert performances of \"Why Can't I Be You?\" (widely available on bootlegs). Wild Man Fischer recorded an eccentric version that was included on \"The Rhino Brothers Present the World's Worst Records\". In 2016, at 90 years", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5438958", "score": "0.82384574", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "I'll Still Be Loving You", "text": "I'll Still Be Loving You \"I'll Still Be Loving You\" is a song recorded by American country music group Restless Heart. It was released in January 1987 as the second single from the album \"Wheels\". The song was written by Todd Cerney, Pam Rose, Mary Ann Kennedy and Pat Bunch, and was Restless Heart's second number-one country single. It went to number 1 on Hot Country Songs for one week and spent 25 weeks on the chart. The single also was a hit on the Adult Contemporary chart and gave the band their first exposure on the pop charts, where", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14221398", "score": "0.8238026", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Young and Beautiful (Lana Del Rey song)", "long_answer": "\"Young and Beautiful\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey used for the soundtrack to the drama film The Great Gatsby (2013). It was released on April 23, 2013 through Interscope Records as the lead single from the soundtrack. \"Young and Beautiful\" was written by Del Rey and Rick Nowels, who also produced the song. The music video features an orchestral version of the song, produced by Dan Heath, which is included on the deluxe edition of the soundtrack.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Young and Beautiful\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey used for the soundtrack to the drama film The Great Gatsby (2013). It was released on April 23, 2013 through Interscope Records as the lead single from the soundtrack. \"Young and Beautiful\" was written by Del Rey and Rick Nowels, who also produced the song. The music video features an orchestral version of the song, produced by Dan Heath, which is included on the deluxe edition of the soundtrack.", "short_answers": [ "Lana Del Rey" ] }

[ "1939", "1945", "2 September 1945", "1 September 1939" ]

[ { "title": "World War II", "text": "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Indy Neidell", "text": "the event. In April 2018, they launched the \"Between-2-Wars\" series to recap the Interwar period. On September 1, 2018, the 79th anniversary of World War II, the new major project about said war began; starting the week-by-week coverage in real time with a planned runtime of over 6 years. The Great War project officially ended on November 11th, 2018, exactly 100 years after the signing of the Armistice at Compiègne which formally ended all hostilities in the First World War. Neidell stated in his finale video that the channel will continue to release some episodes about events following the First", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19869938", "score": "1.0225356", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Total war", "text": "declared war on the Empire of Japan the next day. Nazi Germany declared war on the U.S. a few days later, along with Fascist Italy; the U.S. found itself fully involved in a second world war. As the United States began to gear up for a major war, information and propaganda efforts were set in motion. Civilians (including children) were encouraged to take part in fat, grease, and scrap metal collection drives. Many factories making non-essential goods retooled for war production. Levels of industrial productivity previously unheard of were attained during the war; multi-thousand-ton convoy ships were routinely built in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "409443", "score": "0.9540125", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Went the Day Well?", "text": "after the war. He recounts: one Saturday during the Second World War, a group of seemingly authentic British soldiers arrive in the small, fictitious English village of Bramley End. It is the Whitsun weekend so life is even quieter than usual and there is almost no traffic of any kind. At first they are welcomed by the villagers, until doubts begin to grow about their true purpose and identity. After they are revealed to be German soldiers intended to form the vanguard of an invasion of Britain, they round up the residents and hold them captive in the local church.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5316000", "score": "0.92291915", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Second World War (book)", "text": "The Second World War (book) The Second World War is a narrative history of World War II by British historian Antony Beevor. The book starts with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, and covers the entire Second World War ending with the final surrender of Axis forces. In the introduction, Beevor tells the tale of Yang Kyoungjong, a Korean soldier forcibly conscripted by the Kwantung Army, then in turn taken prisoner by the Red Army and the Wehrmacht, eventually being captured by American troops. He also discusses the background of the war, including the rise of Nazism in post-World", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17537649", "score": "0.9209936", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "War Comes to America", "text": "World War II is then described, beginning in 1931 with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. The film examines how American public opinion gradually changed from one of isolationism to one of support for the Allied cause, and demonstrates this using a series of Gallup polls. In 1936, public opinion is firmly isolationist, with 95% of Americans answering NO to the question \"If another world war develops in Europe, should America take part again?\". Congress responded with an arms embargo and a \"Cash and carry rule\" when trading with belligerents in raw materials. In September 1937, the question \"In the current", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7511896", "score": "0.91775376", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "World War I", "text": "Haeckel, who claimed that \"there is no doubt that the course and character of the feared 'European War' ... will become the first world war in the full sense of the word,\" citing a wire service report in \"The Indianapolis Star\" on 20 September 1914. Prior to World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. Contemporary Europeans also referred to it as \"the war to end war\" or \"the war to end all wars\" due to their perception of its then-unparalleled scale and devastation. After World War II began", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7594622", "score": "0.9130821", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Food Will Win the War", "text": "agriculture. America entered World War 2 on December 8, 1941, after a Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Many Americans were reluctant to enter another European war, and preferred a non-interventionist policy towards it. However, the devastating and unprovoked attack on Pearl Harbor, which was described by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as a date that will live in infamy, changed public opinion. Upon America's entrance into the war, Disney was contracted to produce propaganda pieces to gain support for the war and aid recruitment. This was often done through the use of Anti-Nazi propaganda – public opinion polls at the time", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19334720", "score": "0.91290903", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "World War III in popular culture", "text": "film \"\". William T. Riker states that 600 million people were killed, most major cities were destroyed, and very few world governments were left after a 3rd world war occurring sometime around 2053. At almost the same time, Kim Stanley Robinson featured a character dissecting World War III 40 years after the fact in Green Mars. Robinson's war featured transnational corporations taking over national governments and using them to attack each other in the year 2061, with only 100 million people being killed by the war. Since the Cold War was over, some stories now presented the conflict as alternate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8540848", "score": "0.9097819", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "World War III", "text": "the conflict was likely to soon escalate into a full-scale war between the three countries, the US, the USSR, and China. CBS war correspondent Bill Downs wrote in 1951 that, \"To my mind, the answer is: Yes, Korea is the beginning of World War III. The brilliant landings at Inchon and the cooperative efforts of the American armed forces with the United Nations Allies have won us a victory in Korea. But this is only the first battle in a major international struggle which now is engulfing the Far East and the entire world.\" Downs afterwards repeated this belief on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "747486", "score": "0.9073309", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)", "text": "hereby proclaim the cessation of hostilities of World War II, effective twelve o'clock noon, December 31, 1946.\" The United Nations signs the Paris peace accords with Italy, Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary, and Romania, technically ending World War II for them. Japanese \"Class A\" war criminals, including two former Prime Ministers, are put to death. End of state of war with Germany was granted by the U.S. Congress, after a request by President Truman on 9 July. In the Petersberg Agreement of November 22, 1949 it was noted that the West German government wanted an end to the state of war, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11746999", "score": "0.9059783", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "World War Z", "text": "Russia, its armories badly-depleted, resorts to using large stores of World War II-era tanks, firearms, flamethrowers and ammunition, waging a costly offensive against the undead by brute force. Britain takes a slow-but-steady approach, taking until five years after the official end of the war to finish clearing London. France, set on restoring its pride and reputation after embarrassments and defeats going back to World War II, charges headlong against the undead, its armed forces displaying extreme valor at an extraordinarily high cost. An unnamed British Army general comments as the war ends that there are \"enough dead heroes for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8045791", "score": "0.9048666", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "World War III", "text": "World War III World War III (WWIII or WW3) and the Third World War are names given to a hypothetical third worldwide large-scale military conflict subsequent to World War I and World War II. The term has been in use since at least as early as 1941. Some have applied it loosely to refer to limited or smaller conflicts such as the Cold War or the War on Terror, while others have operated under the assumption that such a conflict would surpass both prior world wars in both the level of its widespread scope and of its overall destructive impact.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "747461", "score": "0.899607", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "World War I", "text": "the pocketwatch, which requires a free hand to operate. Military funding of advancements in radio contributed to the postwar popularity of the medium. World War I World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as \"the war to end all wars\", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. An estimated nine", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7594835", "score": "0.8990038", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "The Beginning or the End", "text": "\"The Beginning or the End\" began on April 29, 1946, and continued until July 25 with retakes beginning on August 9, 1946. The production premiered in Washington, D.C. on February 19, 1947, with the national release of the film following on March 7, 1947. The filmmakers put considerable effort into many details for historical accuracy, such as military uniforms, and the details of the \"Enola Gay\" and its crew. Nine of the actors who portrayed the \"Enola Gay\" crew were actual veterans of World War II. However, the technical details of atomic processes and the bomb's design are wildly inaccurate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10507428", "score": "0.89873374", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "World War II Online", "text": "World War II Online World War II Online is a massively multiplayer online first-person shooter (MMOFPS) video game. It was released on June 6, 2001, for Microsoft Windows, with a Mac OS version being released in 3Q 2002. The game is set in 1940–1944 World War II Europe. It is a virtual battlefield, a combined arms war simulation. A player can command or crew a variety of accurately modeled aircraft, armored fighting vehicles, anti-tank guns, anti-aircraft artillery, and three naval vessels, or fight as a foot-soldier with a variety of infantry weapons. The game is played in real time alongside", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2518245", "score": "0.8979508", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "World War III in popular culture", "text": "conflict seems to have ended, a Soviet radar malfunction, while US forces are on full SIOP alert, results in a civilization-killing nuclear exchange (\"There is no further historical record of what happens next\"); after \"ending\" just as the annihilation begins, the film rewinds to Gorbachev in East Berlin, and actually concludes with a montage of celebrations in Berlin as the Berlin Wall is freely crossed, danced upon and dismantled and the country is reunited (\"History... took a different path\"). After the September 11, 2001 attacks, a scenario of World War III beginning as a result of a nuclear or other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8540851", "score": "0.8934108", "original_retrieval_index": 51 }, { "title": "The Second World War (book)", "text": "agreements with the Japanese to ignore each other. Beevor also disagrees with some long-held views about certain generals in the war; in particular, he writes that the reputations of Bernard Montgomery and Erwin Rommel are far overblown. The Second World War (book) The Second World War is a narrative history of World War II by British historian Antony Beevor. The book starts with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, and covers the entire Second World War ending with the final surrender of Axis forces. In the introduction, Beevor tells the tale of Yang Kyoungjong, a Korean soldier forcibly conscripted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17537656", "score": "0.8920839", "original_retrieval_index": 53 }, { "title": "United States in World War I", "text": "just as German U-boats started sinking American merchant ships in the North Atlantic. Wilson then asked Congress for \"a war to end all wars\" that would \"make the world safe for democracy\", and Congress voted to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917. On December 7, 1917, the U.S. declared war on Austria-Hungary. U.S. troops began arriving on the Western Front in large numbers in 1918. After the war began in 1914, the United States proclaimed a policy of neutrality despite president Woodrow Wilson's antipathies against Germany. Early in the war, the United States started to favor the British", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14138904", "score": "0.89016044", "original_retrieval_index": 54 }, { "title": "It's Everybody's War", "text": "one by one, many of the parents get telegrams from the government saying that their children have died. People start joining the war effort with bravado, but then slack off, taking days off work and wasting resources, until May 6, 1942, when Corregidor falls, and the rest of the company is taken prisoner by the Japanese. The town then rallies, and more and more people go to work for war industries, go without luxuries to supply more materiel, and buy bonds. The next time that their company goes of to the front, they will have more planes, more tires, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9556197", "score": "0.88964367", "original_retrieval_index": 55 }, { "title": "Eastern Front (World War II)", "text": "began just before dawn on 22 June 1941. The Germans cut the wire network in all Soviet western military districts to undermine Red Army's communications. Panicky transmissions from the Soviet front-line units to their command headquarters were picked up like this: \"We are being fired upon. What shall we do?\" The answer was just as confusing: \"You must be insane. And why is your signal not in code?\" At 03:15 on 22 June 1941, 99 of 190 German divisions, including fourteen panzer divisions and ten motorized, were deployed against the Soviet Union from the Baltic to the Black Sea. They", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2783367", "score": "0.88852954", "original_retrieval_index": 58 }, { "title": "Timeline of events preceding World War II", "text": "April 16 August 13 October October 29 November 1 January 11 June July 24 August 31 September 27 October 29 November 8 January 21 February 1 March 16 April 1 April 6 June 10 August 16 August 18 May 12 July 18 December 1 January 3 January 31 April 4 April 24 September 8 December 25 April 12 May 20 June 7 November 12 December 14 May 3 May 28 June 4 August 2 August 27 October 1 February 9 February 11 March 4 March 28 April 3 June 7 July 24 August 31 October 29 April 22 June 30", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4541434", "score": "0.88848615", "original_retrieval_index": 59 }, { "title": "The war to end war", "text": "The war to end war \"The war to end war\" (also called \"The war to end all wars\") was a term for the First World War of 1914–1918. Originally idealistic, it is now used mainly sardonically. During August 1914, immediately after the outbreak of the war, British author and social commentator H. G. Wells published a number of articles in London newspapers that subsequently appeared as a book entitled \"The War That Will End War\". Wells blamed the Central Powers for the coming of the war and argued that only the defeat of German militarism could bring about an end", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14850900", "score": "0.88839936", "original_retrieval_index": 60 }, { "title": "Human Smoke", "text": "Human Smoke Human Smoke: The Beginnings of World War II, the End of Civilization is a 2008 book by Nicholson Baker about World War II. It questions the commonly held belief that the Allies wanted to avoid the war at all costs but were forced into action by Adolf Hitler's unrelenting crusade. It consists largely of official government transcripts, newspaper articles, and other documents from the time, with Baker only occasionally interjecting commentary. Baker cites documents that suggest that the leaders of the United States and the United Kingdom were provoking Germany and Japan into war and had ulterior motives", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16437951", "score": "0.887709", "original_retrieval_index": 61 }, { "title": "Saving Private Ryan", "text": "with Tom Hanks. When asked about this by \"American Cinematographer\", Spielberg said, \"I think that World War II is the most significant event of the last 100 years; the fate of the baby boomers and even Generation X was linked to the outcome. Beyond that, I've just always been interested in World War II. My earliest films, which I made when I was about 14 years old, were combat pictures that were set both on the ground and in the air. For years now, I've been looking for the right World War II story to shoot, and when Robert Rodat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "380506", "score": "0.886786", "original_retrieval_index": 62 }, { "title": "Causes of World War II", "text": "war, the Imperial Japanese Navy attacked Pearl Harbor with the aim of destroying the main American battle fleet at anchor. At the same time, other Japanese forces attacked the U.S.-held Philippines and the British Empire in Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The USA and the United Kingdom to declare war upon Japan the next day. Four days later the U.S was brought into the European war when on December 11, 1941, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy declared war on the United States. Hitler chose to declare that the Tripartite Pact required that Germany follow Japan's declaration of war; although American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3358935", "score": "0.8862742", "original_retrieval_index": 66 }, { "title": "Military history of the United States during World War II", "text": "Congress on 8 December 1941. The motion passed with only one vote against it, in both chambers. Just three days later, on 11 December 1941 Adolf Hitler declared war on the United States, and had already remarked on the evening of the date of the Japanese attack that \"We can't lose the war at all. We now have an ally which has never been conquered in 3,000 years\". Within hours of Pearl Harbor Japanese air forces from Formosa destroyed much of the U.S. Far East Air Force, based near Manila. The Japanese army invaded and trapped the American and Filipino", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7529913", "score": "0.88572544", "original_retrieval_index": 68 }, { "title": "The Big Picture (TV series)", "text": "World War II in Europe, fall of France, U.S. mobilization, and Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. TV 637 Army in Action -- Episode IV-The Spreading Holocaust (B&W - 1965) Military events in 1941 and 1942, with particular focus on U.S. involvement in the Pacific, Europe, and North Africa. TV 638 Army in Action -- Episode V -- The Slumbering Giant Awakes (B&W - 1965) U.S. logistical and tactical operations in 1943 in North Africa, Pacific, Aleutians, New Guinea, and Europe, up to invasion of Sicily. TV 639 Army in Action -- Episode VI -- Global War (B&W - 1965) Conduct", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3141994", "score": "0.8832967", "original_retrieval_index": 71 }, { "title": "Timeline of events preceding World War II", "text": "2 November 14 January February 6 March 7 March 25 May 5 June 3 July 17 August 1 October October 18 November 14 November 15 November 25 December 1 December 12 December 23 December 24 January 20 May 28 July 7 August 13 October 5 November 6 November 26 December 1 December 8 December 11 December 12 December 13 January 26 March 6 March 13 March 24 July 6–16 July 29 August September 27 September 30 October 5 November 7 November 9 January 25 January 27 March 14 March 15 March 16 March 20 March 21 March 23 March 31", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4541436", "score": "0.8823447", "original_retrieval_index": 75 }, { "title": "End of World War II in Europe", "text": "of all the forces under the command of Vietinghoff at 2pm on 2 May. Accordingly, after some bitter wrangling between Wolff and Albert Kesselring in the early hours of 2 May, nearly 1,000,000 men in Italy and Austria surrendered unconditionally to British Field Marshal Sir Harold Alexander at 2pm on 2 May. German forces in Berlin surrender: The Battle of Berlin ended on 2 May. On that date, \"General der Artillerie\" Helmuth Weidling, the commander of the Berlin Defense Area, unconditionally surrendered the city to General Vasily Chuikov of the Soviet army. On the same day the officers commanding the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2276867", "score": "0.88098127", "original_retrieval_index": 78 } ]

{ "title": "World War II", "long_answer": "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources.", "chunked_long_answer": "World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between", "short_answers": [ "1939", "1945" ] }

[ "special economic zones" ]

[ { "title": "Maquiladora", "text": "In Mexico, a maquiladora (Spanish pronunciation: [makilaˈðoɾa]) or maquila (IPA: [maˈkila]) is a manufacturing operation, where factories import certain material and equipment on a duty-free and tariff-free basis for assembly, processing, or manufacturing and then export the assembled, processed and/or manufactured products, sometimes back to the raw materials' country of origin. They are an example of special economic zones as seen in many countries.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Economy of the Philippines", "text": "certified welders that comprise the bulk of workers in shipbuilding. In the ship repair sector, the Navotas complex in Metro Manila is expected to accommodate 96 vessels for repair. The ABS used in Mercedes-Benz, BMW, and Volvo cars are made in the Philippines. Toyota, Mitsubishi, Nissan and Honda are the most prominent automakers manufacturing cars in the country. Kia and Suzuki produce small cars in the country. Isuzu also produces SUVs in the country. Honda and Suzuki produce motorcycles in the country. A 2003 Canadian market research report predicted that further investments in this sector were expected to grow in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "315984", "score": "1.1116943", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Economy of Mexico", "text": "the industry, many European and Asian parts suppliers have also moved to Mexico: in Puebla alone, 70 industrial part-makers cluster around Volkswagen. The relatively small domestic car industry is represented by \"DINA Camiones S.A. de C.V.\", a manufacturer of trucks, busses and military vehicles, which through domestic production and purchases of foreign bus manufacturers has become the largest bus manufacturer in the world; Vehizero that builds hybrid trucks and the new car companies Mastretta design that builds the Mastretta MXT sports car and Autobuses King that plans to build 10000 microbuses by 2015, nevertheless new car companies are emerging among", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "258958", "score": "1.0702312", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Automotive industry in Iran", "text": "countries purchase Iranian auto parts (2008). As of 2014, 10 tire manufacturing units are operating across the country with a production capacity of 240,000 tons per annum. They meet 70 percent of the domestic tire demand (11 million tires per year). As of 2015, 60% of auto spare parts in the Iranian market are imported from foreign countries. Most cars are produced in Iran under licence from foreign manufacturers and it depends on them for critical imports, ranging from airbags to computer chips (incl. engine control units and sensors). There are different ongoing R&D projects both at the governmental and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4265999", "score": "1.0619437", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Querétaro", "text": "auto parts manufacturer. Currently, there are 392 companies with direct foreign investment and 238 exporting companies that have located in the state. Exports in 2002 totaled $3.35 billion USD, and direct investment in 2003 reached $169 million. Many of these companies are headquartered in modern industrial parks, one of the newest and most technologically advanced being El Marques Industrial Park. This facility was inaugurated in 2003, with an initial investment of $13 million USD. The park occupies a space of with international tenants from Italy, Germany, Spain, the US, Taiwan as well as Mexico representing real estate, automotive, carton packing,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1729770", "score": "1.0610632", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Automotive industry in Spain", "text": "workers in the manufacturing industry. In all, there are 13 factories located in Spain. which are supported by a thriving local car components industry, including rapidly growing Spanish multinationals such as Gestamp Automoción or Grupo Antolin. The main manufacturers established in the country are Daimler AG (manufacturing plant in Vitoria), Ford (its plant located in Almussafes is Ford's biggest in Europe), Opel (Figueruelas), Nissan (Barcelona), PSA Peugeot Citroen (Vigo), Renault (with plants in Palencia and other Spanish locations), SEAT (Martorell), Volkswagen (Pamplona). From these production plants, as of 2016 the two biggest by volume are the ones of SEAT in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13802114", "score": "1.0568347", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Automotive industry by country", "text": "should sign the project to build an assembly line of commercial vehicles in Ain Temouchent Thursday, January 7, 2016. The project is in partnership with the Chinese Jianghuaa Automobile Corporation JAC Motors and Emin Auto. This project will be located in the new industrial zone Tamazoura, (Ain Temouchent) over an area of . This assembly unit will generate 270 job positions at first to move to 450 jobs during its fifth year of production. The plant is expected to produce 10,000 trucks a year, a volume that will be raised, in the 10th year some 100 000 vehicles / year", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14361518", "score": "1.0525014", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Mashpriborintorg", "text": "components, spare parts for civil aircraft and helicopters, autonomous power systems and products and spare parts for manufacturing plants. Mashpriborintorg is composed of the following international trade companies and departments: Mashpriborintorg Foreign Economic Association Mashpriborintorg () is a Russian (formerly Soviet) import-export company, dealing in high-tech equipment and machinery. It is currently part of Ruselectronics. During the late 1950s and 1960s and 1970s, Mashpriborintorg exported millions of units of photographic and cinematic equipment to about 74 countries worldwide. According to the USSR Ministry of Foreign Trade magazine issued 1996 'Mashpriborintorg of the State of the Russian Federation for Defence Branches", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11422942", "score": "1.0501071", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Martinrea", "text": "of several new facilities in Spain, Mexico, China, and Riverside, Missouri. Martinrea Martinrea International Inc. develops and produces metal parts, assemblies, modules, fluid-management systems and complex aluminum parts, primarily for the automotive sector. The company is headquartered in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada and has more than 14,000 employees at over 50 manufacturing and engineering facilities in North America, South America, Europe and Asia. In terms of automotive parts suppliers, Martinrea is a relatively young company. This firm's competitors have in some cases been in business for many decades. Martinrea was previously known as Royal Laser, and its business consisted primarily of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13947283", "score": "1.0488142", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Automotive industry in Iran", "text": "Overall production is expected to rise to 1.13 million units by 2012 ($200 million in exports expected by 2010) and 60,000 units exported by 2013. \"Sapco\" and \"Sazeh Gostar\" are the respective purchasing arms of Iran Khodro and Saipa (the two largest Iranian auto manufacturers). The Iranian automotive parts industry consists of approximately 1200 companies (15,000 factories), which include those affiliated to vehicle manufacturers as well as independent firms. The industry consists of two primary sectors: Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) suppliers, which produce parts for auto makers, and After-Market Parts Manufacturers (AMPM), which produce replacement parts for vehicles. Over 39", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4265998", "score": "1.045098", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Industry of Colombia", "text": "Renault, Mazda, and Toyota; motorcycle-assembly plants have links to Kawasaki, Yamaha, and Suzuki. Vehicle assembly represents 70 percent of this subsector's GDP, while vehicle components represent 30 percent. Since 1990, there has been greater international competition in vehicle assembly, leading to increases in the number of available vehicle brands and models. Overall, Colombia is a net importer of vehicles, mainly from Japan, the United States, and South Korea. Its main export markets are the Andean countries, especially Venezuela and Ecuador. Industry of Colombia The share of the industry of Colombia in the country's gross domestic product (GDP) has shifted significantly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16460866", "score": "1.0431141", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Manufacturing in Ghana", "text": "of a new automobile assembly plant that will manufacture the various brands of Kantanka vehicles. The Apostle Safo Suaye Technology Research Centre (ASSTRC), confirmed that the local automobile assembly plant, will be ready in May, 2014. When completed, the project, which is an initiative of Ghanaian industrialist, Apostle Dr Kwadwo Safo, would see the production of between 120 and 240 cars daily. As of 2015 Kantanka vehicles are assembled upon order in small numbers from imported Chinese parts. Manufacturing in Ghana Industry in Ghana accounts for about 25.3% of total GDP. However, Ghana's industrial production is rising at a 7.8%", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11629747", "score": "1.0422349", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Nemak", "text": "Nemak Nemak, S.A.B. de C.V., known as Nemak, is a global automotive parts manufacturing company headquartered in García, in Greater Monterrey, Mexico. The company manufactures a wide range of automotive parts and systems with primary focus on aluminum auto parts, mainly engine blocks, cylinder heads, and transmission components. It is a Tier 1 supplier to major OEMs and is among the 60 largest auto industry suppliers worldwide. Nemak reported sales of $4.3 billion for 2016 and has more than 36 manufacturing plants that employ more than 21,000 people in 16 countries. It has more than 110 patents and conducts R&D", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18784800", "score": "1.0404618", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Automotive industry by country", "text": "for the past 30 years as well and now several automobile companies are in discussion to build automobile factories in the country. Pragoti is the state-run automotive industry, which assembles Mitsubishi Pajero Sport, Tata bus and minitruck, and Ashok Leyland minibus. Some privately owned automotive industries are Aftab Automobiles, Runner Automobiles and Walton. China's automobile industry had Soviet origins mainly (plants and licensed autodesign were founded in the 1950s with USSR help) and was small in volume for decades, not exceeding 200,000 annually. It has been developing rapidly since the year 2000. In 2009, 13.83 million motor vehicles were manufactured", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14361528", "score": "1.0393659", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Automotive industry by country", "text": "giant, General Motors (GM), set up its first assembly plant in Egypt, revolutionising the industry. In the more than two dozens years since, the Egyptian automotive assembly business has grown from just three plants relying on mostly imported components, to 16 businesses with 26 assembly lines, manufacturing now near 100,000 units annually of passenger cars, light commercial vehicles, trucks, and buses, as well as 300 factories that produce most automotive components (IDA's Vision for the Automotive Industry Report). Besides GM, giants such as BYD, BMW, Nissan, Hyundai, and Daewoo produce a majority of the models in their product lines in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14361522", "score": "1.0342553", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Changyi, Shandong", "text": "textile machinery, plastic machinery, broaching machines, auto parts. The auto parts manufacturing, particularly by Consolidated Metco's Shandong branch, is the largest production base in China for large automotive wheels, brake drums, brake discs production. The existing textile enterprises, such as that of the Huachen group, have more than 2,500 factories with an annual spinning capacity of 1.8 million meters, weaving capacity of 3.5 billion meters, and with dyeing, printing capacity of 2.1 billion meters, and is ranked within the top 50 of the Chinese textile brands. Food processing industry has over 160 processing enterprises, whose products are sold in over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13712387", "score": "1.0326471", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Veszprém", "text": "motor manufacturer Maxon Motor, the Austrian tile manufacturer \"Bramac\", the French automotive spare parts manufacturer Valeo, the German electromagnetical controlsystems manufacturer \"nass magnet\", the German automotive spare parts manufacturer Continental AG, the German automotive spare parts manufacturer \"Thun\", the German sensor manufacturer Pepperl+Fuchs, the Austrian chimney and ventilation system manufacturer Schiedel, the American power supply security company \"CoreComm\", the German censor manufacturer \"Balluff\", the German automotive spare parts manufacturer \"Jost\", the German health devices manufacturer Beurer, the British-Dutch food producer Unilever and the Hungarian dairy product manufacturer \"Pannontej\" operate production plants in the city. The Dutch General Logistics Systems, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2398487", "score": "1.0298326", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Auto Parts Warehouse", "text": "for more than 50 vehicle brands, including domestic and imported makes and models. It sells automotive merchandise from nearly 700 labels, including: Global aftermarket suppliers Performance parts manufacturers Specialty brands The e-commerce site uses a proprietary product database for tracking SKUs for wide-range product applications based on vehicle make, model, year, and other specifications. The corporate headquarters of Auto Parts Warehouse is located at 16941 Keegan Avenue, Carson, California. The auto parts retailer operates and maintains several warehouses and distribution centers in various locations in the United States to facilitate product shipping and delivery on schedule. AutoPartsWarehouse.com is a Google", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18562351", "score": "1.0294065", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Motor & Equipment Manufacturers Association", "text": "and investments in the United States. Many suppliers located in the U.S. import and export vehicle parts and components within the North American market. Depending on supply chain logistics, parts are often exported to be combined with other parts, then imported back to the U.S. for final vehicle assembly. U.S. aftermarket suppliers support the light-, medium- and heavy-duty vehicle markets. The aftermarket segment includes the manufacturing, distribution, retailing and installation of all vehicle parts, chemicals, tools, equipment and accessories. Most aftermarket repair work takes place in a vehicle manufacturer’s dealership service facility or an independent repair shop. There is also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17056887", "score": "1.0285791", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Automotive industry by country", "text": "assemble and fabricate jeepneys and other similar vehicles, using surplus engines and drivetrain parts from Japan. The South Korean automobile industry is today the sixth largest in the World in terms of production volume (concedes to China, United States, Japan, Germany and India only) and the sixth largest in terms of export volume, achieved more than 4.6 million vehicles produced in 2011. South Korea produced more than 4.2 million vehicles in 2016. Fifty years ago, its initial operations were merely the assembling of parts imported from Japan and the United States. The Hyundai Kia Automotive Group is today the second", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14361543", "score": "1.0277687", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Playmobil", "text": "the company to comply with the regulations passed by the Parliament of Catalonia in the same way as it did with the rest of the European legislation on labeling. There are currently three main factories in Europe: Germany, Malta, and Spain. Each location specializes in a particular area of manufacturing and parts that are needed to assemble a set are delivered to the destination where the items will be placed together and put in their final packaging before sale. Malta specializes in making the characters and a few accessories, Spain specializes in accessories, and Germany makes the bigger items such", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2062304", "score": "1.0260814", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Automotive industry by country", "text": "auto assembly plant situated in the Ganja city in Azerbaijan. The factory was founded in 1986 for a production run of 30,000 \"GAZelle\" vans according to the project brief. AzSamand opened in October 2005 with the support of the Government of Azerbaijan. AzSamand works with Iran Khodro. Nakhchivan Automobile Plant: Automobile manufacturer in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. Nakhchivan Automobile Factory was founded in 2006. It was put into operation in 2010. Auto rickshaws have been producing in Bangladesh since the 1980s and local production of motorcycles began in early 2000. Foreign vehicles manufacturers have been assemebling vehicles here", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14361527", "score": "1.0259125", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Economy of Coimbatore", "text": "auto majors with a growing presence in India source both major components and sub assemblies from the city. Several international automotive manufacturers source components ranging from exhaust systems to braking systems, seating, electronic and electrical components, mechanical engine parts, body components and suspensions and radiators among others. Many auto component manufacturing companies are OE partners to multinational brands. Textool was one such company that once designed and supplied Sten Guns to the Indian Government after independence. They also developed the first in-house-designed car in the 1960s, which never saw the light of day due to the license raj. They made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15993963", "score": "1.0245564", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Nexus Automotive", "text": "The project was estimated at 15 million US dollars and GM-Chevrolet provided support to ensure that the local components and the car assembly met GM quality standards. The company also planned to export its models to other countries in South Asia and Africa. The source of assembly kits and imported units is GM Daewoo, a GM subsidiary in South Korea that supplies Chevrolet, Opel, Suzuki, and Daewoo branded vehicles to markets including the United States, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, Australia and Asia. GM Daewoo is also the \"corporate center of excellence\" for GM's global small car", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7747466", "score": "1.0224586", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Automotive industry in Brazil", "text": "makers as Belgium, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Russia, Spain, France and annual production exceeded 3,7 million vehicles in 2013 seventh largest in the World, although they have fallen substantially more recently. The Brazilian industry is regulated by the Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores (Anfavea), created in 1956, which includes automakers (automobiles, light vehicles, trucks and buses) and agriculture machines with factories in Brazil. Anfavea is part of the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA), based in Paris. Most of large global companies are present in Brazil; such as BYD, Fiat, Volkswagen Group, Ford, General Motors, Nissan Motors,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13570828", "score": "1.0224307", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "San Luis Potosí Assembly", "text": "production facility called Parque Industrial Millennium, a building, where EJOT of Bad Berleburg, Germany and ATF Inc. of Lincolnwood, IL, will manufacture engineered fasteners and cold-headed products. San Luis Potosí Assembly manufactures rebadged variants of the Daewoo Kalos for the North American market. These include the Chevrolet Aveo for the United States and Canada, and the Suzuki Swift+ for Canada. The plant also manufactures Aveos marketed in Mexico and South America. The plant manufactured the (now discontinued) Pontiac G3 for the United States and the Pontiac Wave for Canada. San Luis Potosí Assembly San Luis Potosí Assembly is a General", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11818277", "score": "1.020675", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Automotive industry by country", "text": "the manufacturing sector which is predicted to increase even further. Master truck manufacturing, Al Haaj motors and FAW joint venture for producing Chinese cars, trucks and dumpers. However on 19 March 2016, Pakistan passed the \"Auto Policy 2016-21\", which offers tax incentives to new automakers to establish manufacturing plants in the country. In response, Audi, BMW, Renault, Nissan, Kia, SsangYong, Volkswagen and Hyundai have expressed interest in entering the Pakistani market. The Philippines has a small auto industry with more than 60,000 Japanese and South Korean vehicles produced annually. In addition, there are a number of small independent firms who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14361542", "score": "1.0195746", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Emak S.p.A.", "text": "specifically for third world countries with low economic indicators. They are a farm series (domestic) and have piston systems from the Chinese manufacturer Kamo, and carburetors from the Chinese manufacturer walbo. These saws are made of plastic of the middle segment, so they can be used only for domestic purposes. Officially delivered to countries such as Moldova, Pakistan, Lebanon and others. In 2017, new models are produced for more developed countries, these are Efco 149, Efco 154, Efco MT 640 and MT 770, which are professional and industrial class and have a high motor resource of engines under prolonged loads", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19300685", "score": "1.0194439", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Linamar", "text": "Linamar Linamar Corporation is a publicly traded Canadian manufacturing company which operates worldwide. It is Canada's second-largest automobile parts manufacturer (after Magna International). Linamar manufactures and supplies automotive and industrial markets with factories across North America, Europe, and Asia. Linamar has two divisions, Powertrain/Driveline and Industrial. These are further divided into the areas of machining and assembly, light metal casting (Montupet), forging (Seissenschmidt), aerial work platforms (Skyjack), and agricultural equipment (Harvestec). Based in Guelph, Ontario, The company's various operations employ nearly 26,000 persons worldwide in a total of 59 manufacturing plants, 6 R&D centres and 21 sales offices in 17", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8912230", "score": "1.0186898", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Automotive industry in Iran", "text": "Swedish Scania and Volvo that it has exported throughout Asia. Daewoo Bus Corp. and an Iranian automaker \"Ardebil Sabalan Khodrow-Maywan\" have teamed up to build buses in Iran. The plant, which is slated to be completed by March 2010, would have a production capacity of 2,000 buses per year and would produce some 800 city and intercity buses in the 18 months after its inauguration. Based on the agreement, the engines and gearboxes would be manufactured in South Korea. But production would increasingly shift to Iran, where about 60 percent of the parts would be made. Since 2016 and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4266004", "score": "1.0185672", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Maquiladora", "long_answer": "In Mexico, a maquiladora (Spanish pronunciation: [makilaˈðoɾa]) or maquila (IPA: [maˈkila]) is a manufacturing operation, where factories import certain material and equipment on a duty-free and tariff-free basis for assembly, processing, or manufacturing and then export the assembled, processed and/or manufactured products, sometimes back to the raw materials' country of origin. They are an example of special economic zones as seen in many countries.", "chunked_long_answer": "In Mexico, a maquiladora (Spanish pronunciation: [makilaˈðoɾa]) or maquila (IPA: [maˈkila]) is a manufacturing operation, where factories import certain material and equipment on a duty-free and tariff-free basis for assembly, processing, or manufacturing and then export the assembled, processed and/or manufactured products, sometimes back to the raw materials' country of origin. They are an example of special economic zones as seen in many countries.", "short_answers": [ "special economic zones" ] }

[ "a pop ballad", "jazz", "pop ballad", "Traditional pop" ]

[ { "title": "What a Wonderful World", "text": "\"What a Wonderful World\" is a pop ballad written by Bob Thiele (as \"George Douglas\") and George David Weiss. It was first recorded by Louis Armstrong and released in 1967 as a single, which topped the pop charts in the United Kingdom. Thiele and Weiss were both prominent in the music world (Thiele as a producer and Weiss as a composer/performer). Armstrong's recording was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999. The publishing for this song is controlled by Memory Lane Music Group, Carlin Music Corp. and BMG Rights Management.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Wonderful World!! (Kanjani Eight song)", "text": "the album's release. \"Wonderful World!!\" is a generic pop song that has ska and hip hop influences. The song relies heavily upon horns, synthesizers, guitars, and drums. The lyrics are generally positive, singing about love and happiness in a wonderful world. The song was a commercial success, topping the Oricon charts upon its release. The music video for the song's release had the band working in an auto repair shop, repairing an old Volkswagen Type 2 for a female customer that they've all fallen in love with. The song was performed several times on television and was also performed at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16202640", "score": "1.0091081", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "It's a Lovely, Lovely World", "text": "It's a Lovely, Lovely World \"It's a Lovely, Lovely World\" is a song written by Boudleaux Bryant that was originally recorded by American country artist Carl Smith. It has since been recorded by numerous musical artists, including Gail Davies, who revived the song as a single in 1981. \"It's a Lovely, Lovely World\" was originally composed by Boudleaux Bryant who wrote numerous country recordings during the 1950s and 1960s, including \"Bye Bye Love\" and \"Rocky Top\". The song was recorded by Carl Smith on February 5, 1952 in Nashville, Tennessee, United States at the Castle Recording Studio. Also included on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18077153", "score": "0.9856931", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Wonderful World (Sam Cooke song)", "text": "250,000 copies. In a 2005 poll by the UK's Channel Four the song was voted the 19th-greatest song ever to feature in a commercial. Wonderful World (Sam Cooke song) \"Wonderful World\" (occasionally referred to as \"(What A) Wonderful World\") is a song by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. Released on April 14, 1960, by Keen Records, it had been recorded during an impromptu session the previous year, Cooke's last recording session at Keen. He signed with RCA Victor in 1960 and \"Wonderful World,\" then unreleased, was issued as a single in competition. The song was mainly composed by songwriting team Lou", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6598472", "score": "0.9854908", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Wonderful World!! (Kanjani Eight song)", "text": "chorus continues till the end, which then the song closes with the hook. The lyrics for \"Ukiyo Odoribito\" are more maturer and darker in contrast to \"Wonderful World!!\". The song is about a woman that tricks a man with her lies and yet they are unable to leave her, \" Oh, baby / You're dancing in a sad world / So why am I unable to hate your lies? / A dry wind blows through my heart / A painful pattern of love \" they sing in the chorus. The lyrics continue to tell of this person's inability to break", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16202646", "score": "0.98482513", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "It's a Big Wide Wonderful World", "text": "It's a Big Wide Wonderful World \"It's A Big, Wide, Wonderful World\" is a popular song written by John Rox and published in 1939. The song first appeared in the 1940 Broadway musical play \"All In Fun\". Sung by Deanna Durbin in her last film, \"For the Love of Mary,\" in 1948. Cut from the film for its original release, subsequent video versions have restored it. The version by Buddy Clark reached a peak on the \"Billboard\" charts at #25 in 1949. It was also featured in the film Sweet Bird of Youth. It was sung by Dean Martin in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7888728", "score": "0.96173644", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Wonderful World!! (Kanjani Eight song)", "text": "free until they find themselves caught up in the same situation, \" I find in an opposite mirror / A silhouette that resembles me / A person dancing in the light rain \". The music video for Wonderful World!! opens up with a woman getting out of her broken Volkswagen Type 2. She inspects the car to confirm that it is broken and in need of repair. The scene changes to Kanjani Eight singing in fluorescent colored flower print outfits to the opening of the song, goofing off and playing around with everything in an auto shop. The scene then", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16202647", "score": "0.9575036", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "It's a Lovely, Lovely World", "text": "1950s, along with this song, Smith had thirty top-ten hits amidst the \"Billboard\" country singles chart. The song was recorded in Smith's signature Honky Tonk musical style. In 1981, American country artist Gail Davies released a version of \"It's a Lovely, Lovely World\" as a single. The song was recorded in Hollywood, California, United States at the \"Producer's Workshop\" studio. The entire recording session for her third studio album \"I'll Be There\" took place during this date. The session was produced entirely by Davies. Released as a single in February 1981 via Warner Bros. Records, \"It's a Lovely, Lovely World\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18077155", "score": "0.94363725", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "All Kinds of Kinds", "text": "States. All Kinds of Kinds \"All Kinds of Kinds\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Miranda Lambert. It was released in June 2013 as the fifth and final single from Lambert's album \"Four the Record\". As of October 9, 2013, the single had sold 100,000 copies in the United States. It was written by Phillip Coleman and Don Henry. \"All Kinds of Kinds\" is a mid-tempo country song in which the lyrics state that \"ever since the beginning, to keep the world spinning, it takes all kinds of kinds.\" The lyrics refer to different characters such as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17415374", "score": "0.9430442", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Wonderful World (James Morrison song)", "text": "a mansion. The video then goes on to reveal that the seemingly ideal life going on is just an illusion - the women in fact are in a mental ward. Wonderful World (James Morrison song) \"Wonderful World\" is the second single by British singer James Morrison. The song is the second to be released from his debut album, \"Undiscovered\", which was released on July 31, 2006. The song peaked at #8 on the UK singles chart in October, following the CD single release. The song was played in a Disney Cinemagic promo in the UK. A version also appears on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8888206", "score": "0.9426653", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Wonderful World!! (Kanjani Eight song)", "text": "their \"Kanjani Eight Live Tour 2010-2011 8 Uppers\" concert tour. \"Wonderful World!!\" was written and composed by ROADIE with music arranged by Yasutaka Kume. Some of the members remarked on the song's composition, describing it as a happy, upbeat song. Yuu Yokoyama commented that the song was a, \" Fun type of song to perform live with. \" The song was mixed by Oshima Yuji. \"Wonderful World!!\" is a standard pop song that uses a lot of horns and funky synthesized beats. The songs main verses are rapped against the fast beats. Then during the hook and chorus, the song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16202641", "score": "0.93223464", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "It's a Lovely, Lovely World", "text": "the session was Smith's future single \"Are You Teasing Me\". The recording session was produced by Don Law. \"It's a Lovely, Lovely World\" was released as the B-side to Smith's single \"Are You Teasing Me\" in March 1952. While the A-side reached number one on the \"Billboard Magazine\" Most Played C&W in Juke Boxes list, \"It's a Lovely, Lovely World\" peaked at number five on the same chart. Originally, both songs were not issued onto official studio albums. \"It's a Lovely, Lovely World\" was recorded during the peak of Carl Smith's career as a country music artist. During the early", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18077154", "score": "0.9317895", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "All Kinds of Kinds", "text": "All Kinds of Kinds \"All Kinds of Kinds\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Miranda Lambert. It was released in June 2013 as the fifth and final single from Lambert's album \"Four the Record\". As of October 9, 2013, the single had sold 100,000 copies in the United States. It was written by Phillip Coleman and Don Henry. \"All Kinds of Kinds\" is a mid-tempo country song in which the lyrics state that \"ever since the beginning, to keep the world spinning, it takes all kinds of kinds.\" The lyrics refer to different characters such as \"a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17415370", "score": "0.9260756", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "I.G.Y. (What a Beautiful World)", "text": "I.G.Y. (What a Beautiful World) \"I.G.Y. (What a Beautiful World)\" is a song written and performed by American songwriter, singer and musician Donald Fagen. It was the first track of his Platinum-certified debut solo album \"The Nightfly\", and was released in September 1982 as its first single. It charted well on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, Mainstream Rock, R&B Singles and Adult Contemporary charts. Fagen, along with musician Walter Becker, led the rock band Steely Dan during the 1970s. Between 1972 and 1981, Steely Dan had ten Top-40 singles, including the top-ten hits \"Do It Again\" (1972), \"Rikki Don't Lose That", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15040669", "score": "0.9229318", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "What Kind of Man (Florence and the Machine song)", "text": "Big, How Blue, How Beautiful\". What Kind of Man (Florence and the Machine song) \"What Kind of Man\" is a song by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine from their third studio album, \"How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful\" (2015). It was written by Florence Welch, Kid Harpoon and John Hill, produced by Markus Dravs and co-produced by Hill. The song was released on 12 February 2015 as the album's lead single. \"What Kind of Man\" received Grammy Award nominations for Best Rock Performance and Best Rock Song. According to lead vocalist Florence Welch, the song represents a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18587919", "score": "0.9215586", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Wonderful World (Sam Cooke song)", "text": "Wonderful World (Sam Cooke song) \"Wonderful World\" (occasionally referred to as \"(What A) Wonderful World\") is a song by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. Released on April 14, 1960, by Keen Records, it had been recorded during an impromptu session the previous year, Cooke's last recording session at Keen. He signed with RCA Victor in 1960 and \"Wonderful World,\" then unreleased, was issued as a single in competition. The song was mainly composed by songwriting team Lou Adler and Herb Alpert, but Cooke revised the lyrics to mention the subject of education more. \"Wonderful World\" ended up doing substantially better on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6598461", "score": "0.92129713", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "It's a Big Wide Wonderful World", "text": "his 1954 film, \"3 Ring Circus\". It was sung by Charlene Dallas in the 1975 comedy \"Rancho Deluxe.\" It's a Big Wide Wonderful World \"It's A Big, Wide, Wonderful World\" is a popular song written by John Rox and published in 1939. The song first appeared in the 1940 Broadway musical play \"All In Fun\". Sung by Deanna Durbin in her last film, \"For the Love of Mary,\" in 1948. Cut from the film for its original release, subsequent video versions have restored it. The version by Buddy Clark reached a peak on the \"Billboard\" charts at #25 in 1949.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7888729", "score": "0.92114764", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Wonderful Wonderful (The Killers song)", "text": "remind me of things that I grew up loving. Also, that I haven't been able to touch upon and that was helpful. I started it with Mark, our bass player, and he's more a minor key type of a guy and he brought that out of me.\" The song premiered on August 24, 2017 on Beats 1 as Zane Lowe's World Record. It was then released on digital retailers and streaming services as the album's first promotional single. \"Wonderful Wonderful\" is a post-punk and gothic rock song with a decidedly minor-key composition, filled with mournful horn lines and glitchy electronic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20206484", "score": "0.9198394", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Wonderful World (James Morrison song)", "text": "Wonderful World (James Morrison song) \"Wonderful World\" is the second single by British singer James Morrison. The song is the second to be released from his debut album, \"Undiscovered\", which was released on July 31, 2006. The song peaked at #8 on the UK singles chart in October, following the CD single release. The song was played in a Disney Cinemagic promo in the UK. A version also appears on the 2007 compilation album, \"\" (EMI). 2-track single CD-Maxi The music video shows James Morrison sitting by a swimming pool with his guitar with lots of beautiful women sunbathing by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8888205", "score": "0.91884977", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "New World in the Morning", "text": "by Roger Whittaker in the 1980s and 1990s. In the US and Canada, most of these songs appeared on Whittaker's 1971 album \"A Special Kind of Man\", which was released on RCA Records. Included on the North American release were the songs \"Why?\", \"What Love Is\" and \"Mexican Whistler\", while \"New World in the Morning\", \"From Both Sides Now\" and \"Streets of London\" were omitted. New World in the Morning New World in the Morning is a studio album by Roger Whittaker released in 1971. It featured some of his most popular songs, including \"The Last Farewell\", \"A Special Kind", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13068620", "score": "0.91579163", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Harem (album)", "text": "dance feeling.\" The singer's imagination drove a new sound for some classic hits – ranging from \"What a Wonderful World\" and \"Stranger in Paradise\" – both bathed in the Eastern atmosphere that has inspired her. \"Stranger in Paradise\" circles back to Borodin's voluptuous Polovetsian Dances for its rich orchestral textures, cradling Brightman's crystalline singing. \"What a Wonderful World\" is an audacious reinvention of a well-traveled pop feel-good anthem – edgier this time, tinged with melancholy. \"It's a Beautiful Day\" features the singer's operatic voice; in this song Puccini's \"Un Bel di\" is artfully coalesced with driving synthesizer beats and Middle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5494476", "score": "0.9147315", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Brendan Benson", "text": "Watrous (Gosling, Loudermilk) in October 2010 to release a single as the fictional duo \"Midas Well\" and \"Upton O. Goode\". Well & Goode's debut single was a 7\" vinyl record and digital download, and featured the songs \"Spray Tan\" and \"Two Birds\". \"What Kind of World\" was released on April 21, 2012. It was released on his own new label Readymade Records in the USA, and on the indie label Lojinx in Europe. The album was recorded at \"Welcome to 1979\" Studios in Nashville, Tennessee and recorded entirely in analog. What Kind of World peaked at No. 7 on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5724763", "score": "0.91359866", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "What Kind of Love", "text": "covered the song on his 2002 album for DreamWorks Records. It was the B-side to the album's first single, \"Honey Do\". What Kind of Love \"What Kind of Love\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rodney Crowell. It was released in June 1992 as the second single from the album \"Life Is Messy\". The song reached number 11 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and peaked at number 2 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks in Canada. Crowell and co-writer Will Jennings wrote the lyrics to a recording of a melody that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16038490", "score": "0.9119278", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "It's a Lovely, Lovely World", "text": "reached number five on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart in mid-1981. The song became Davies' third top-ten \"Billboard\" hit and her second highest-charting single during her career. The single also reached a peak of number eleven on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart during this same time. The song features background vocals from country artist Emmylou Harris, however she was not credited on the official \"Billboard\" chart listings. It's a Lovely, Lovely World \"It's a Lovely, Lovely World\" is a song written by Boudleaux Bryant that was originally recorded by American country artist Carl Smith. It has since been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18077156", "score": "0.9116852", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "\"I Want\" song", "text": "type. The WFPL article \"Great 'I Want' Moments in Musicals\" listed \"Belle\", \"Somewhere That's Green\", \"Wouldn't It Be Loverly\", \"Lonely Room\", \"Corner of the Sky\", and \"Part of Your World\". \"I Want\" song The \"I Want\" song (also called an \"I wish\" song) is a popular type of song featured in musical theatre, and has become a particularly popular term through its use to describe a series of songs featured in 1990s Disney animated features that had the main character singing about how they are unsatisfied with their current life, and what they are searching for. The term \"'I Want'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11979256", "score": "0.90951383", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Wonderful World!! (Kanjani Eight song)", "text": "and the other half repeating the hook as support till the end. The lyrics for \"Wonderful World!!\" are about enjoying time with someone that you love and forgetting the bad. The band sings, \" I've only been searching for miracles / And now the day's already over / Now we swear here / That things like our hearts being separated will never happen \" during the first verse, bringing forth the optimism of the band's outlook on love and life. This is tied in full circle with the chorus, \" Suddenly our hands are together / Hey, look at that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16202643", "score": "0.90945923", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Wonderful World (Sam Cooke song)", "text": "includes a final verse not present in the original Sam Cooke recording; however, it is still credited to Adler, Alpert and Cooke. \"Don't know much about the middle ages, looked at the pictures then I turned the pages,\" \"Don't know nothin' 'bout no rise and fall, don't know nothin' 'bout nothin' at all.\" \"Girl it's you that I've been thinkin' of, and if I could only win your love, oh, girl,\" \"What a wonderful, wonderful world this would be.\" \"What a wonderful, wonderful, wonderful world this would be...\" The last line repeats, and the song fades out at this point.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6598469", "score": "0.90655506", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Wonderful World!! (Kanjani Eight song)", "text": "/ They're fusing / We'll forever hope / That our laughter / will always be there every day \". The lyrics are also sprinkled with English words thrown into the lyrics. The coupling B-side, \" Ukiyo Odoribito \", takes on a totally different sound and mood compared to the A-side, \" Wonderful World \". It's more mature in sound, slightly slower, and darker. The song is written with a big band influence with a scat-inspired hook. The song takes advantage of Kanjani Eight's harmony and uses it to its fullest. Shibutani and Nishikido opens up the song with solo verses", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16202644", "score": "0.903013", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "What Kind of Man (Florence and the Machine song)", "text": "What Kind of Man (Florence and the Machine song) \"What Kind of Man\" is a song by English indie rock band Florence and the Machine from their third studio album, \"How Big, How Blue, How Beautiful\" (2015). It was written by Florence Welch, Kid Harpoon and John Hill, produced by Markus Dravs and co-produced by Hill. The song was released on 12 February 2015 as the album's lead single. \"What Kind of Man\" received Grammy Award nominations for Best Rock Performance and Best Rock Song. According to lead vocalist Florence Welch, the song represents a new guitar-driven sonic direction for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18587914", "score": "0.90039814", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "World (Lindita song)", "text": "\"World\" received positive remarks from \"The Telegraph\" and \"Daily Express\". Sebastian Kettley from Express wrote: “Powerful message of spreading love in her pop-rock song “World” , whereas Telegraph concluded: “Another Eurovision staple: the “what is happening to the world?” power ballad”. Meanwhile, John Kennedy O'Connor in an exclusive presentation for San Marino RTV stated: \"This is definitely one of the most beautiful and inspiring video of this year's previews but that counts for nothing as what happens on stage is all that matters. I can't see this song inspiring to many viewers to pick up the phones to vote but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19908556", "score": "0.8979124", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "What a Wonderful World", "long_answer": "\"What a Wonderful World\" is a pop ballad written by Bob Thiele (as \"George Douglas\") and George David Weiss. It was first recorded by Louis Armstrong and released in 1967 as a single, which topped the pop charts in the United Kingdom. Thiele and Weiss were both prominent in the music world (Thiele as a producer and Weiss as a composer/performer). Armstrong's recording was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999. The publishing for this song is controlled by Memory Lane Music Group, Carlin Music Corp. and BMG Rights Management.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"What a Wonderful World\" is a pop ballad written by Bob Thiele (as \"George Douglas\") and George David Weiss. It was first recorded by Louis Armstrong and released in 1967 as a single, which topped the pop charts in the United Kingdom. Thiele and Weiss were both prominent in the music world (Thiele as a producer and Weiss as a composer/performer). Armstrong's recording was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999. The publishing for this song is controlled by Memory Lane Music Group, Carlin Music Corp. and BMG Rights Management.", "short_answers": [ "a pop ballad", "pop ballad" ] }

[ "Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge" ]

[ { "title": "Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge", "text": "Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge was filmed in several 5-, 10- and 20-day schedules between September 1994 and August 1995. The first sequence filmed was for the song \"Ho Gaya Hai Tujhko\" with Kajol and Shah Rukh in Switzerland. The European journey scenes and songs were mainly filmed in Saanen, Montbovon and Gstaad, Switzerland. Other scenes were shot in England, at locations including Trafalgar Square, King's Cross railway station and Angel Underground station. Film's cinematographer Manmohan Singh, a regular collaborator with Chopra, shot the song \"Tujhe Dekha To\", including the iconic mustard fields scenes with Shah Rukh and Kajol in the", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Sanam Re", "text": "female version of title track was released in the voice of Tulsi Kumar and Mithoon and latter on Falak Shabir and T-Series released Kya Tujhe Ab Ye Dil Bataye in Unplugged & Sad Version on 4 February 2016. The additional rap song by Badshah titled \"Akkad Bakkad\", was released on 8 February 2016 to celebrate the music of the film. The movie collected 5.04cr on its first day at the box-office. The movie remained stable over the week-end and collected 17.05cr. On its opening week it net grossed 25.82cr. The movie then had a lifetime of 30.32cr. Sanam Re Sanam", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18452395", "score": "1.0969555", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Sanam Bewafa", "text": "1970's music. \"ChooweeMaza Na Degi\" & \"O Hare Dupatte Wali\" were popular songs. Sanam Bewafa Sanam Bewafa is a 1991 Indian Bollywood film directed and produced by Saawan Kumar Tak, starring Salman Khan, Chandni, Pran and Danny Denzongpa. The film released on 11 January 1991. It was remade in Bengali as Den Mohor, starring Salman Shah, which was released 3 March 1995. The film is based on two Pathan Tribal families who have been feuding for many generations. Salman (Salman Khan), Sher Khan's (Danny Denzongpa) son, falls in love with Rukhsar (Chandni), Fateh Khan's (Pran) daughter. The film is famous", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8568698", "score": "1.0907408", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Sanam Teri Kasam (1982 film)", "text": "Sanam Teri Kasam (1982 film) Sanam Teri Kasam is a 1982 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Narendra Bedi and produced by Reena Roy's sister, Barkha Roy, starring Kamal Haasan, Reena Roy, Kader Khan and Ranjeet. The film became a \"semi-hit\" at the box office and was more successful in the big cities. The film is also known for its super hit songs, especially \"Nisha, Nisha, Nisha\". The other songs \"Sheeshe Ke Gharon Mein\" and \"Kitne Bhi Tu Kar Le Sitam\" were also hits. R. D. Burman won his first Filmfare Best Music Director Award for Sanam Teri Kasam. \"Sanam", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10206641", "score": "1.0876958", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Patthar Ke Sanam", "text": "Patthar Ke Sanam Patthar Ke Sanam is a 1967 Hindi movie. Produced by the Nadiadwalas, the film is directed by Raja Nawathe. It stars Manoj Kumar, Waheeda Rehman, Mumtaz, Pran, Mehmood, Lalita Pawar and Aruna Irani. The movie features many hit songs of the era, composed by the legendary Laxmikant Pyarelal and veteran lyricist Majrooh Sultanpuri, such as the ever-haunting \"Patthar Ke Sanam\", rendered in the voice of Mohammad Rafi. The film stood 9th in the Box-Office Top Ten List of 1967. The story revolves around two friends, Meena (Mumtaz) and Taruna (Waheeda Rehman). Meena lives a wealthy lifestyle along", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10025521", "score": "1.0804741", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Kidnapper (2013 film)", "text": "to positive reviews from critics. though, the soundtrack of the film has not got any nice compliments. As a whole, the film did about average at box-office. The critics of said – \"Kidnapper doesn't boast of remarkable music. But one song, Hridoyer Katha, deserves a special mention for its comic presentation and recall value. Somewhat akin to the picturization of Woh Ladki Hai Kahan from Dil Chahta Hai, this song spoofs both Bollywood and Tollywood classics by mixing immensely popular tracks like Mere Sapno Ki Rani, Tujhe Dekha Toh Yeh Jana Sanam, Ei Poth Jodi Na Shesh Hoy, Khaike Paan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17172677", "score": "1.0788361", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi", "text": "- Parivar ki Jeevan Rekha\". The show there ended on 11 November 2016. The story revolves around the Pethewala family. Bhushan (Neil Bhatt), the second son of the family is in love with Shreya (Sreejita De). Before he can tell his family, they pretend to have fixed his marriage elsewhere but the girl turns out to be Shreya. The lovers are happily married. Ajay is the youngest son of the Pethewala family. His best friend Ajju is in love with Sanjana. Ajju gets a job in USA and he and Sanjana decide to marry in the court given Sanjana's father's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18702246", "score": "1.0736407", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Sanam (1997 film)", "text": "referenced popular actresses like Salma Agha, Naghma, Divya Bharti and Dimple Kapadia of that time. The film was delayed endlessly and the music was re-released in 1997. This song was then dubbed by Vinod Rathod (for the film version) and referenced the current crop of heroines like Twinkle Khanna, Shilpa Shetty, Kajol and Urmila Matondkar. However, on screen Sanjay Dutt still mouths the original lyrics. Sanam (1997 film) Sanam is a 1997 Hindi romantic drama action film directed and produced by Aziz Sejawal. Written by Anees Bazmee, it starred Sanjay Dutt, Manisha Koirala, Vivek Mushran, Anupam Kher, Dalip Tahil, Kader", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14501757", "score": "1.0584654", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Sanam Teri Kasam (2009 film)", "text": "Sanam Teri Kasam (2009 film) Sanam Teri Kasam is a 2009, Indian romantic drama film directed by Lawrence D'Souza and starring Saif Ali Khan, Pooja Bhatt, Atul Agnihotri and Sheeba Akashdeep. The film was released in 2009, although it was produced in 1994. A long legal battle canned it for the next fifteen years, from 1994 to 2009. The film was previously titled \"Sambandh\" and \"Yeh Pyar Hi To Hai\". The audio cassettes were released as \"Sambandh\". Vijay Verma (Saif Ali Khan) is a rich and selfish playboy who enjoys playing with women by giving a fake name to every", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15018807", "score": "1.054638", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Ishq Par Zor Nahin", "text": "Ishq Par Zor Nahin Ishq Par Zor Nahin is a 1970 Hindi romantic movie (based on love triangle story) produced by Suresh Saigal and directed by Ramesh Saigal. The film stars Dharmendra, Sadhana, Biswajeet, Kamini Kaushal, Leela Mishra, Abhi Bhattacharya, Jagdeep, Nadira and Helen. The film's music is by S. D. Burman. This is the only film in which Biswajeet and Sadhana worked together. Similarly, this is the only movie in which Dharmendra and Sadhana worked together. The songs \"Ye Dil Diwana Hai\", \"Mehbooba, Teri Tasveer\", \"Tum Mujhse Door Chale Jana Na\" and \"O, Mere Bairagi Bhanwara\" were composed by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10059269", "score": "1.053817", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Sanam Teri Kasam (2016 film)", "text": "expresses a promise of eternal true love. A first look of the film was unveiled on 7 December 2015 by Eros Now via a tweet and was scheduled for release on 8 January 2016. Trailer of the film was released on 15 December 2015 with a new release date of 5 February. Film was released worldwide on February 5, 2016 under the production banner of Eros Now. Upon release, the film received mixed reviews. Lyrics were penned by Sameer Anjaan, Shabbir Ahmed, Reshammiya and Subrat Sinha. The title track was released on 22 December 2015, and complete album was released", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19200765", "score": "1.0499747", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Mere Sanam", "text": "Mere Sanam Mere Sanam (English: \"My Lover\" ) is a 1965 Hindi film starring Asha Parekh, Biswajeet, Pran, Rajendra Nath and Mumtaz. The film was a hit at the box office, especially because of the musical score by Majrooh Sultanpuri, O.P. Nayyar and the Asha Bhonsle-Mohammed Rafi combination. The film was shot in the beautiful locales of Kashmir. The Songs \"Jaiye Aap Kahan Jayenge\", \"Yeh Hai Reshmi Zulfon Ka Andhera\", \"Pukarta Chala Hoon Main\" and \"Humdum Mere Maan Bhi Jao\" are milestones in Hindi film music. This film is the unofficial remake of \"Come September\", which is a 1961 romantic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10043021", "score": "1.0459096", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki", "text": "Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki is a 1978 Indian film directed by Raj Khosla and Sudesh Issar. It is based on a Marathi novel titled \"Ashi Tujhi Preet\" by Chandrakant Kakodkar. \"Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki\" is about an aristocrat, Thakur Rajnath Singh Chouhan (Vijay Anand), who is in love with his mistress Tulsi (Asha Parekh) but forced to marry a strong aristocratic woman named Sanjukta (Nutan). Tulsi sacrifices her life, some time after giving birth to Rajnath's son Ajay, because she wants Sanjukta to have her husband all to herself. Rajnath and Sanjukta send", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8293582", "score": "1.0437386", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam", "text": "Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam (English: \"I am yours, darling\") is a 2002 Hindi romantic drama film. It features Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan and Madhuri Dixit in the lead roles. This is the second film to feature Shah Rukh Khan and Salman Khan where both are protagonists after \"Karan Arjun\" (1995). Shah Rukh Khan and Madhuri Dixit were paired up for the fourth time. Aishwarya Rai played a cameo in the movie. The movie is K. S. Adhiyaman's first in Hindi, a remake of his own Tamil film, \"Thotta Chinungi\". It took five years to make,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5048293", "score": "1.0368328", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Tumsa Nahin Dekha: A Love Story", "text": "The response for album was excellent at music platforms in India. Singers like Shaan, Udit Narayan, Shreya Ghoshal, Roopkumar Rathod and Sonu Nigam have lent their voices in this album. Tumsa Nahin Dekha: A Love Story Tumsa Nahin Dekha : A Love Story is a 2004 Indian bollywood musical romance film directed by Anurag Bose, produced by Mukesh Bhatt, written by Subodh Chopra and starring Emraan Hashmi and Diya Mirza in lead roles with Sharat Saxena, Surekha Sikri, Uday Tikekar, Atul Parchure and Anupam Kher in supporting roles. It was released on . It is the third film of Emraan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7940111", "score": "1.0346807", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Sanam Re", "text": "the original background score. The lyrics are penned by Rashmi Virag, Mithoon, Manoj Muntashir, Manoj Yadav, Ikka Singh and Kumaar. <br>The film's title track Sanam Re song in the voice of Arijit Singh was released as a single on 22 December 2015. The second song, titled \"Gazab Ka Hai Yeh Din\" was released on 1 January 2016. and 1 song Kya Tujhe Ab Ye Dil Bataye was sung by Pakistani Pop Singer Falak Shabir . The soundtrack was released on 4 January 2016 by T-Series. Three songs were released later and were not the part of the film's album. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18452394", "score": "1.034282", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Sanam Teri Kasam (1982 film)", "text": "\"Sanam Teri Kasam\" was composed by R. D. Burman. Lyrics for all songs were penned by Gulshan Bawra Sanam Teri Kasam (1982 film) Sanam Teri Kasam is a 1982 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Narendra Bedi and produced by Reena Roy's sister, Barkha Roy, starring Kamal Haasan, Reena Roy, Kader Khan and Ranjeet. The film became a \"semi-hit\" at the box office and was more successful in the big cities. The film is also known for its super hit songs, especially \"Nisha, Nisha, Nisha\". The other songs \"Sheeshe Ke Gharon Mein\" and \"Kitne Bhi Tu Kar Le Sitam\" were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10206643", "score": "1.0330424", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Dil Deke Dekho", "text": "Sultanpuri. Almost all her songs are memorable. Some music lovers feel they had an OP Nayyar-esque tinge to them. Dil Deke Dekho Dil Deke Dekho is a 1959 Indian Hindi romantic comedy film. It was Nasir Hussain's second film as director. His first directorial venture was \"Tumsa Nahin Dekha\" (1957), which became a big hit and which gave star Shammi Kapoor a new image as a comedic, dancing hero. Hussain and Kapoor reteamed with this film. also in this, Asha Parekh, a former child actress, made her film debut as a heroine. This was also the debut film of comedian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9970255", "score": "1.032478", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Zindagi Tujh Ko Jiya", "text": "Zindagi Tujh Ko Jiya Zindagi Tujh Ko Jiya is a Pakistani romantic soap which began on 22 February 2016 on Hum TV and aired Monday to Thursday evenings. It is directed by Abis Raza, written by Adam Azeen and produced by Momina Duraid under her home production and Gem Stones Productions. It was previously aired on Hum Sitaray as 100 Din Ki Kahani but was not finished. The drama revolves around a woman Maryam (Sanam Chaudhry) who loves Zeeshan (Furqan Qureshi). While, Maryam has a sister in law Samra (Eshita Syed), Zeeshan has two sisters: Safia and Sania. Safia and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19328965", "score": "1.0314648", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Doosra Aadmi", "text": "Doosra Aadmi Doosra Aadmi (The Other Man) is a 1977 Hindi film, produced by Yash Chopra and directed by Ramesh Talwar. The film stars Rishi Kapoor, Neetu Singh, Raakhee, Shashi Kapoor, Deven Verma and Parikshat Sahni. The film's music is by Rajesh Roshan. Nisha (Raakhee), accomplished in advertising industry, becomes a recluse after the tragic death of her boyfriend, Shashi Saigal (Shashi Kapoor). Years later, Karan Saxena (Rishi Kapoor) offers her employment with his advertising agency and she accepts. She realises that Karan, recently married to Timsy (Neetu Singh), reminds her of Shashi. The movie that Karan and Nisha watch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10125431", "score": "1.0286465", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Tumsa Nahin Dekha (1957 film)", "text": "huge success at the box office made the then-struggling Shammi Kapoor an overnight sensation instead. This was the film in which he developed his own individual look and youthful style, and was his first light-hearted musical and its success helped move him to acting in this genre. The film also stars the popular villain and character actor Pran. Its music is by O.P. Nayyar and lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri. The film was originally offered to Dev Anand, but he declined, due to which Shammi Kapoor was casted. The film's original lyricist was Sahir, who wrote the title song, but he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10036272", "score": "1.0264789", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi", "text": "to learn that Sanjana forgives her. The story ends with whole family dancing. Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi is an Indian television series, which premiered on 11 May 2015 on Zee TV. Neil Bhatt, Kabir K, Sreejita De and Chandini bhagwanani are in lead roles. The show is set in Agra. \"Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi\" is a tale of a family of five brothers and three sisters. The show began with the working title \"Pethawala\" before being named \"Tum Hi Ho Bandhu Sakha Tumhi\". The show ended due to low ratings.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18702252", "score": "1.0256538", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Tumsa Nahin Dekha: A Love Story", "text": "Tumsa Nahin Dekha: A Love Story Tumsa Nahin Dekha : A Love Story is a 2004 Indian bollywood musical romance film directed by Anurag Bose, produced by Mukesh Bhatt, written by Subodh Chopra and starring Emraan Hashmi and Diya Mirza in lead roles with Sharat Saxena, Surekha Sikri, Uday Tikekar, Atul Parchure and Anupam Kher in supporting roles. It was released on . It is the third film of Emraan Hashmi's career and also his second unsuccessful one, after his flop debut film Footpath. The film starts with Daksh Mittal (Emraan Hashmi), a charming and continually drunk millionaire. One day,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7940108", "score": "1.0228758", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Zindagi Tere Naam", "text": "completed in 2008, the music of the movie was released on 13 June 2008. Soon before the release of movie in 2012, the most anticipated track of the movie was \"Tu Mujhe Soch Kabhi\" by KK. Zindagi Tere Naam Zindagi Tere Naam is a 2012 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Ashu Trikha, starring Mithun Chakraborty and Ranjeeta in lead roles and the film is a matured love story. The film was completed in 2008, but released only in 2012 with limited prints. The film is based on the American Nicholas Sparks' novel \"The Notebook\" and the 2004 movie of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13773586", "score": "1.0223985", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam", "text": "as a remake of \"Andha Ezhu Naatkal\" and \"Woh Saat Din\". It was filmed throughout the Gujarat-Rajasthan border region, in addition to Budapest, Hungary, which was used to represent Italy. The film was premiered in the Indian Panorama section at the 1999 International Film Festival of India. It was remade in Bengali as \"Neel Akasher Chandni\" in 2009, with Jeet reprising Salman Khan's role, Jisshu Sengupta reprising Ajay Devgn's role, and Koel Mallick reprising Aishwarya Rai's role. Nandini (Aishwarya Rai) is the daughter of Pundit Darbar (Vikram Gokhale), a renowned proponent of Indian classical music. It is announced that a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4953546", "score": "1.0212942", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Lekh Tandon", "text": "include Prince (1969 film), Ek Baar Kaho, Agar Tum Na Hote. His most talked about film remains Agar Tum Na Hote starring Rajesh Khanna in the main lead. Dulhan Wahi Jo Piya Man Bhaye was one of his biggest hits and the film's heroine Rameshwari told The Times of India that Tandon was involved in every aspect of the film. She also said that the film was released without any publicity. Actor Victor Banerjee, who played the leading role in his film, Doosri Dulhan, described him as a director who \"loved his craft and could deftly weave the commercial angle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11132620", "score": "1.0189136", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Hum Tum Pe Marte Hain", "text": "Hum Tum Pe Marte Hain Hum Tum Pe Marte Hain is a 1999 Bollywood romantic movie directed by Nabh Kumar 'Raju'. The music for the movie was composed by Uttam Singh, with lyrics by Anand Bakshi. The film was produced by Cheetah Yajnees Shetty. The story of the film revolves around two neighboring families. One family is headed by Sethji (Paresh Rawal) and the other by Devyani (Dimple Kapadia). Rahul (Govinda) is Sethji's son. He has just returned to his native town after completing his studies. Radhika (Urmila Matondkar), is Devyani’s sister-in-law, recently arrived from the village. Radhika and Rahul,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13329522", "score": "1.015747", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Tekka Raja Badshah", "text": "Jhumko, Tumi Robe Nirobe, and Rakhi Bandhan.The Show Replaced the daily soap opera Sanyashi Raja. As the paths of three seemingly unrelated young men get tangled by a twist of circumstances – a roller coaster of cat and mouse, and bonding and self-discovery ensue causing utter confusion and chaos with hilarious consequences. Raja is a fabulous singer but a simple village boy. At times he is stupid but he is honest, kind hearted. His honesty and kindness always lead him in to trouble. Badsha on the other hand righteous honest police officer. He hates criminal and crime. Fate plays its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20774545", "score": "1.015655", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Aa Jaa Sanam", "text": "Shanti to re-locate, without notifying Satish. Satish is devastated at losing Shanti, and tries to locate her, to no avail. His parents want him to marry Kamini, and he agrees to do so. It is then he comes across Shanti, and he is shocked to see that Shanti has given birth to baby-boy, but will not disclose who the father is. The film was shot in the 1960s and was delayed for 7 years. Aa Jaa Sanam Aa Jaa Sanam is a 1975 Bollywood film directed by Yusuf Naqvi. The film stars Feroz Khan, Tanuja and Deven Verma. The films", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10567996", "score": "1.0142472", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Tujhe Bhula Diya", "text": "Tujhe Bhula Diya The Bhula Diya (English: I have forgotten you) is a Romantic Sad song sung by Atif Aslam from the 2010 Bollywood film, Anjaana Anjaani. Composed by duo Vishal-Sekhar, the song is sung by Mohit Chauhan, Shekhar Ravjiani, Shruti Pathak with lyrics penned by Kumaar, Vishal Dadlani. Besides original, the soundtrack of the film contains a special remix version by Mohit Chauhan, Shekhar Ravjiani, Shruti Pathak, Abhijit Vaghani. The music video of the track features actors Ranbir Kapoor and Priyanka Chopra. The song is composed by Vishal-Shekhar and has two versions of the song. The original version is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621207", "score": "1.0141598", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge", "long_answer": "Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge was filmed in several 5-, 10- and 20-day schedules between September 1994 and August 1995. The first sequence filmed was for the song \"Ho Gaya Hai Tujhko\" with Kajol and Shah Rukh in Switzerland. The European journey scenes and songs were mainly filmed in Saanen, Montbovon and Gstaad, Switzerland. Other scenes were shot in England, at locations including Trafalgar Square, King's Cross railway station and Angel Underground station. Film's cinematographer Manmohan Singh, a regular collaborator with Chopra, shot the song \"Tujhe Dekha To\", including the iconic mustard fields scenes with Shah Rukh and Kajol in the mustard fields in Gurgaon on the outskirts of the National Capital Region Delhi.", "chunked_long_answer": "Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge was filmed in several 5-, 10- and 20-day schedules between September 1994 and August 1995. The first sequence filmed was for the song \"Ho Gaya Hai Tujhko\" with Kajol and Shah Rukh in Switzerland. The European journey scenes and songs were mainly filmed in Saanen, Montbovon and Gstaad, Switzerland. Other scenes were shot in England, at locations including Trafalgar Square, King's Cross railway station and Angel Underground station. Film's cinematographer Manmohan Singh, a regular collaborator with Chopra, shot the song \"Tujhe Dekha To\", including the iconic mustard fields scenes with Shah Rukh and Kajol in the", "short_answers": [ "Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge" ] }

[ "winter 406/5 BC", "c. 497/6", "Sophocles" ]

[ { "title": "Sophocles", "text": "Sophocles (/ˈsɒfəkliːz/; Greek: Σοφοκλῆς, Sophoklēs, Ancient Greek: [so.pʰo.klɛ̂ːs]; c. 497/6 – winter 406/5 BC) is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides. Sophocles wrote over 120 plays during the course of his life, but only seven have survived in a complete form: Ajax, Antigone, The Women of Trachis, Oedipus Rex, Electra, Philoctetes and Oedipus at Colonus. For almost 50 years, Sophocles was the most celebrated playwright in the dramatic competitions of the city-state of Athens that took place during the religious festivals of the Lenaea and the Dionysia. He competed in 30 competitions, won 24, and was never judged lower than second place. Aeschylus won 13 competitions, and was sometimes defeated by Sophocles, while Euripides won 4 competitions.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Antigone of Epirus", "text": "Antigone of Epirus Antigone (, born before 317 BC-295 BC) was a Greek Macedonian noblewoman. Through her mother’s second marriage she was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty and through her marriage to Pyrrhus she was queen of Epirus Antigone was the daughter and the second child of the noblewoman Berenice and her first husband Philip. She had an elder brother called Magas and a younger sister called Theoxena. Antigone's father, Philip was the son of Amyntas by an unnamed mother. Based on the implication of Plutarch (Pyrrhus 4.4), her father was previously married and had children, including daughters. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13879665", "score": "1.0705241", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Antigone of Epirus", "text": "born. As a posthumous honor to his first wife, Pyrrhus founded a colony called Antigonia, whom he named after her. In the colony named after her, gained a reputation for medals that bore her name. The Medals were distinguished by an Obelisk within a crown of ivy leaves and bunches of grapes, which had the inscription \"ΑΝΤΙΓΟΝΕΩΝ\". Antigone of Epirus Antigone (, born before 317 BC-295 BC) was a Greek Macedonian noblewoman. Through her mother’s second marriage she was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty and through her marriage to Pyrrhus she was queen of Epirus Antigone was the daughter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13879670", "score": "1.0391142", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Antimachus", "text": "of Colophon, text and commentary\" (Leiden : Brill, 1996) Attribution: Antimachus Antimachus of Colophon (), or of Claros, was a Greek poet and grammarian, who flourished about 400 BC. Scarcely anything is known of his life. The Suda claims that he was a pupil of the poets Panyassis and Stesimbrotus. His poetical efforts were not generally appreciated, although he received encouragement from his younger contemporary Plato (Plutarch, \"Lysander\", 18). His chief works were: an epic \"Thebais\", an account of the expedition of the Seven against Thebes and the war of the Epigoni; and an elegiac poem \"Lyde\", so called from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1403555", "score": "1.03546", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Antigone (Euripides play)", "text": "Euripides' life, between 420 BCE and 406 BCE. In addition, a scholiast remark indicates that another play of Euripides, \"Antiope\", was produced after 412. However, metrical analysis of the extant fragments of \"Antiope\" indicate a much earlier date. This leaves open the possibility that the scholium erroneously referred to \"Antiope\" but meant \"Antigone\", or originally named \"Antigone\" but this became corrupted over time. If so, that would indicate that \"Antigone\" was produced between 411 and 406 BCE. Zimmerman has suggested that the likely theme of the play involving Polynices as a traitor who was denied burial mirrored events of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16530457", "score": "1.0353131", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Antigonus of Carystus", "text": "Θαυμάσια of Callimachus. It is doubtful whether he is identical with the sculptor who, according to Pliny (\"Nat. Hist.\" xxxiv. 19), wrote books on his art. Antigonus of Carystus Antigonus of Carystus (; Greek Ἀντίγονος ὁ Καρύστιος; ), Greek writer on various subjects, flourished in the 3rd century BC. After some time spent at Athens and in travelling, he was summoned to the court of Attalus I (241 BC–197 BC) of Pergamum. His chief work is the \"Successions of Philosophers\" drawn from personal knowledge, with considerable fragments preserved in Athenaeus and Diogenes Laërtius. We still possess his Ἱστοριῶν παραδόξων συναγωγή", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6026612", "score": "1.0205314", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Antigonus of Carystus", "text": "Antigonus of Carystus Antigonus of Carystus (; Greek Ἀντίγονος ὁ Καρύστιος; ), Greek writer on various subjects, flourished in the 3rd century BC. After some time spent at Athens and in travelling, he was summoned to the court of Attalus I (241 BC–197 BC) of Pergamum. His chief work is the \"Successions of Philosophers\" drawn from personal knowledge, with considerable fragments preserved in Athenaeus and Diogenes Laërtius. We still possess his Ἱστοριῶν παραδόξων συναγωγή (Latin: \"Historiae Mirabiles\", \"Collection of Wonderful Tales\"), a paradoxographical work chiefly extracted from the Περὶ θαυμασίων ἀκουσμάτων (\"On Marvellous Things Heard\") attributed to Aristotle and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6026611", "score": "1.0179546", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Antigone of Macedon", "text": "and had a daughter called Berenice I of Egypt. The colony of Antigonia was named after her and her granddaughter of the same name. Her namesake was the first wife of the Macedonian King Pyrrhus of Epirus. Antigone of Macedon Antigone () was a Macedonian noblewoman that lived in the 4th century BC. She was the child born to the nobleman Cassander by unnamed mother. Antigone was a relative to the powerful Regent Antipater as she was his niece. Her father and paternal uncle were the sons of Iolaus and through her father Antigone was a distant collateral relative to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6092748", "score": "1.0130483", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Antimachus", "text": "Antimachus Antimachus of Colophon (), or of Claros, was a Greek poet and grammarian, who flourished about 400 BC. Scarcely anything is known of his life. The Suda claims that he was a pupil of the poets Panyassis and Stesimbrotus. His poetical efforts were not generally appreciated, although he received encouragement from his younger contemporary Plato (Plutarch, \"Lysander\", 18). His chief works were: an epic \"Thebais\", an account of the expedition of the Seven against Thebes and the war of the Epigoni; and an elegiac poem \"Lyde\", so called from the poet's mistress, for whose death he endeavoured to find", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1403553", "score": "1.0122625", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Alexis (poet)", "text": "lived to the age of 106 and 5 months, and that he died on the stage while being crowned victor. He was certainly alive after 345 BC, for Aeschines mentions him as alive in that year. He was also living at least as late as 288 BC, from which his birth date is calculated. According to the \"Suda\" he wrote 245 comedies, of which only fragments including some 130 titles survive. His plays include \"Meropis\", \"Ankylion\", \"Olympiodoros\", \"Parasitos\" (exhibited in 360 BC, in which he ridiculed Plato), \"Agonis\" (in which he ridiculed Misgolas), and the \"Adelphoi\" and the \"Stratiotes\", in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14006", "score": "1.0045123", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Antigone of Macedon", "text": "Antigone of Macedon Antigone () was a Macedonian noblewoman that lived in the 4th century BC. She was the child born to the nobleman Cassander by unnamed mother. Antigone was a relative to the powerful Regent Antipater as she was his niece. Her father and paternal uncle were the sons of Iolaus and through her father Antigone was a distant collateral relative to the Argead dynasty. Antigone was originally from either Paliura or Eordeaea. Little is known on her life. Antigone married a Macedonian nobleman from obscure origins called Magas who was from Eordeaea. Antigone and Magas lived in Eordeaea", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6092747", "score": "1.0024276", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Diogenes of Babylon", "text": "since Lucian claims that he died at the age of 80, he must have been born around 230 BC. There is some evidence, however, that he may have lived to around 140 BC. Cicero calls Diogenes \"a great and important Stoic\". In the works of the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus found in carbonized papyrus rolls recovered from the ruins of the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum, Diogenes is discussed more frequently than any philosopher besides Epicurus himself. He was the author of several works, of which, however, little more than the titles is known: In addition, it appears from Philodemus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6001584", "score": "0.9882021", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Diocles of Carystus", "text": "Paul of Aegina at the end of the first book of his own medical compendium, and which, if genuine, was probably addressed to Antigonus II Gonatas, king of Macedon, who died in 239 BC, at the age of eighty, after a reign of forty-four years. It resembles in its subject matter several other similar letters ascribed to Hippocrates, and treats of the diet fitted for the different seasons of the year. It used to be said that Diocles was the first to explain the difference between the veins and arteries; but this does not seem to be correct, nor is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6321441", "score": "0.9866577", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Antigone of Epirus", "text": "Pyrrhus obtained a fleet of ships and money from Ptolemy I and set sail with Antigone for his kingdom in Epirus. Pyrrhus came into an agreement with his relative Neoptolemus II of Epirus, who had usurped the kingdom to hold it jointly with him. Through her marriage to Pyrrhus, Antigone became a Queen of Epirus. Little is known about her relationship with Pyrrhus and her reign as Queen. She had borne Pyrrhus two children: a daughter called Olympias and a son called Ptolemy. Antigone possibly died in childbirth, as she seems to have died the same year her son was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13879669", "score": "0.98324823", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Theognis of Megara", "text": "about the poet's life. Some of the poems respond in a personal and immediate way to events widely dispersed in time. Ancient sources record dates in the mid-sixth centuryEusebius dates Theognis in the 58th Olympiad (548–45 BC), Suda the 59th Olympiad (544–41 BC) and Chronicon Paschale the 57th Olympiad (552–49 BC)yet it is not clear whether Suda in this case means a date of birth or some other significant event in the poet's life. Some scholars have argued that the sources could have derived their dates from lines 773–82 under the assumption that these refer to Harpagus's attack on Ionia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1403816", "score": "0.9784071", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Fiona Macintosh", "text": "of Oedipus for the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, in 2015. Macintosh has also researched adaptations of Antigone for the Irish stage. Macintosh frequently appears on discussion panels and at public events to examine the re-staging Greek drama today such as at the York Festival of Ideas in 2018, speaking at the SAS in 2016, debating at the Royal Shakespeare Company in 2015, the Oxford Literary Festival in 2014, and pre-performance talks at Magdalen College School in 2012. Macintosh was invited to deliver the keynote lecture \"From hearth to Hades: adventures with Medea and ballet d'action\" at the international symposium \"Placing Medea:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20848013", "score": "0.97813106", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Antipater of Tyre", "text": "Antipater of Tyre Antipater of Tyre (; fl. 1st century BC) was a Stoic philosopher and a friend of Cato the Younger and Cicero. Antipater lived after, or was at least younger than, Panaetius. Cicero, in speaking of him, says, that he died \"recently at Athens\", which must mean shortly before 45 BC. He is mentioned by Strabo as a \"famous philosopher\" from Tyre. Antipater is said to have befriended Cato when Cato was a young man, and introduced him to Stoic philosophy: Little is known about his writings. From Cicero we can perhaps infer that Antipater, like Panaetius, wrote", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9760206", "score": "0.975659", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Antigone (Anouilh play)", "text": "received its British première by the Old Vic Theatre Company at the New Theatre, London, on 10 February 1949. The production was produced by Laurence Olivier (who also played the role of Chorus) and had the following cast: Actress Katharine Cornell produced and starred in a 1946 production at the National Theatre in Washington, D.C. Sir Cedric Hardwicke played the role of King Creon. Also performing were Bertha Belmore, Wesley Addy, Ruth Matteson, George Mathews, and Oliver Cliff, and Marlon Brando (as the Messenger), Michael Higgins (The Third Guard). The production was staged by Cornell's husband Guthrie McClintic. The translation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4718547", "score": "0.9716273", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Antigonus of Sokho", "text": "Antigonus of Sokho Antigonus of Sokho () was the first scholar of whom Pharisee tradition has preserved not only the name but also an important theological doctrine. He flourished about the first half of the third century BCE. According to the Mishnah, he was the disciple of Simon the Just (). Antigonus is the first noted Jew to have a Greek name, a fact commonly discussed by scholars regarding the extent of Hellenic influence on Judaism following the conquest of Judaea by Alexander the Great. Traditional Jewish sources connect Antigonus with the origin of the Sadducees and Boethusians. These sources", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8020963", "score": "0.9685428", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Antigone of Epirus", "text": "future Pharaoh Ptolemy II Philadelphus. In the year 300 or 299, Pyrrhus of Epirus was sent as a hostage to Egypt for Demetrius I of Macedon during part of a short-lived rapprochement between Demetrius I and Ptolemy I. In the time Pyrrhus was in Alexandria, it appears that Ptolemy I really liked Pyrrhus who was a valiant man, who gave proof of his strength and courage during hunting parties and other exercises. In 299 BC/298 BC, Ptolemy I arranged for Pyrrhus to marry Antigone, as this was for the both of them their first marriage. With the help of Antigone,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13879668", "score": "0.96802855", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Antiphanes (comic poet)", "text": "although others referenced particular professional and national persons or characters, while other plays focused on the intrigues of personal life. The Suda claims he died at the age of seventy-four after being struck by a pear. About 130 titles of his plays are known. Stephanus, an Athenian comic poet of the New Comedy, is said to have exhibited some of the plays of Antiphanes and was probably his son. One quotation by Athenaeus is the only surviving fragment of the works of Stephanus. Antiphanes (comic poet) Antiphanes (Ancient Greek: Ἀντιφάνης; c. 408 to 334 BCE) is regarded as the most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1398006", "score": "0.96764445", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Antigone of Epirus", "text": "served as a military officer in the service of the Macedonian King Alexander the Great and was known in commanding one division of the Phalanx in Alexander’s wars. Antigone's mother Berenice was a noblewoman from Eordeaea. She was the daughter of local obscure nobleman Magas and Antigone. Berenice’s mother was the niece of the powerful regent Antipater and was a distant collateral relative to the Argead dynasty. About 318, Antigone's father died of natural causes. After Philip's death, Antigone's mother took her and her siblings to Egypt where they were a part of the entourage of her mother’s second maternal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13879666", "score": "0.96667016", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Antigone (Sophocles play)", "text": "to the Gods and against their will. He is here warned that it is, but he defends it and insults the prophet of the Gods. This is his sin, and it is this which leads to his punishment. The terrible calamities that overtake Creon are not the result of his exalting the law of the state over the unwritten and divine law which Antigone vindicates, but are his intemperance which led him to disregard the warnings of Tiresias until it was too late. This is emphasized by the Chorus in the lines that conclude the play. The German poet Friedrich", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "752020", "score": "0.963325", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Antipater of Sidon", "text": "her homeland. Cicero (\"Oratore\", III, 50 and \"de Fato\", 2) described him as a brilliant epigrammist but sometimes too fond of imitation. He, along with Philo of Byzantium, Strabo, Herodotus and Diodoros of Sicily, is associated with the list of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, which he described in a poem composed about 140 BC: Antipater of Sidon Antipater of Sidon (Greek: Ἀντίπατρος ὁ Σιδώνιος, \"Antipatros ho Sidonios\") was an ancient Greek poet in the second half of the 2nd century BC. His poems preserved in the \"Greek Anthology\" include evocations of art and literature and some epitaphs.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "474420", "score": "0.958158", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Peisander of Laranda", "text": "Peisander of Laranda Peisander of Laranda (; , \"Peísandros ho Larandinós\") was a Greek poet who flourished during the reign of Alexander Severus (222–235 AD). He wrote a sixty-book epic called the \"Heroikai Theogamiai\" (, \"Heroic Marriages of the Gods\") which, like the poetry of his father Nestor of Laranda, appears to have influenced Nonnus' \"Dionysiaca\". Peisander's poem, of which only small fragments survive as quotations in other authors, amounted to \"a comprehensive epic on world history\". Among the extant fragments there is mention of Io, Cadmus and the Argonauts, but the most significant fragment is the testimony of Macrobius", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16681231", "score": "0.9569223", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Antisthenes", "text": "he must have been nearer to 80 years old when he died at Athens, c. 365 BC. He is said to have lectured at the Cynosarges, a gymnasium for the use of Athenians born of foreign mothers, near the temple of Heracles. Filled with enthusiasm for the Socratic idea of virtue, he founded a school of his own in the Cynosarges, where he attracted the poorer classes by the simplicity of his life and teaching. He wore a cloak and carried a staff and a wallet, and this costume became the uniform of his followers. Diogenes Laërtius says that his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "960992", "score": "0.953795", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Antimachus", "text": "consolation telling stories from mythology of heroic disasters (Plutarch, \"Consul, ad Apoll.\" 9; Athenaeus xiii. 597). Antimachus was the founder of \"learned\" epic poetry, and the forerunner of the Alexandrian school, whose critics allotted him the next place to Homer. He also prepared a critical recension of the Homeric poems. He is to be distinguished from Antimachus of Teos, a much earlier poet to whom the lost Cyclic epic \"Epigoni\" was apparently ascribed (though the attribution may result from confusion). Fragments, ed. Stoll (1845); Bergk, \"Poetae Lyrici Graeci\" (1882); Kinkel, \"Fragmenta epicorum Graecorum\" (1877). 20th century ed: V.J. Matthews, \"Antimachus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1403554", "score": "0.949685", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Bion of Borysthenes", "text": "mentions him as a contemporary of Eratosthenes, who was born 275 BC. Diogenes Laërtius has preserved an account in which Bion describes his parentage to Antigonus II Gonatas, King of Macedonia. His father was a freedman and a dealer in salt fish, with which he combined the occupation of smuggling. His mother, Olympia, was a Lacedaemonian prostitute. The whole family were sold as slaves, on account of some offence committed by the father. In consequence of this, Bion fell into the hands of a rhetorician, who made him his heir. Having burnt his patron's library, he went to Athens, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4682451", "score": "0.94961613", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Epicharmus of Kos", "text": "Pythagoras. All of this biographical information could be treated as suspect. More references to alternative origins and discussion of their likelihood can be found in Pickard-Cambridge's \"Tragedy, Comedy, Dithyramb\", and more recently in Rodriguez Noriega Guillen's \"Epicarmo di Siracusa: Testimonios y Fragmentos\". The standard edition of his fragments by Kaibel has now been updated with the publication of Kassel and Austin's \"Poetae Comici Graeci.\" It is most likely that sometime after 484 BC, he lived in Syracuse, and worked as a poet for the tyrants Gelo and Hiero I. The subject matter of his poetry covered a broad range, from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3391616", "score": "0.9479324", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Antiphanes (comic poet)", "text": "Antiphanes (comic poet) Antiphanes (Ancient Greek: Ἀντιφάνης; c. 408 to 334 BCE) is regarded as the most important writer of the Middle Attic comedy with the exception of Alexis. He was apparently a foreigner (perhaps from Cius on the Propontis, Smyrna or Rhodes) and, by some accounts, was the child of slaves. He settled in Athens, where he began to write about 387. He was extremely prolific: more than 200 of the 365 (or 260) comedies attributed to him are known from the titles and considerable fragments preserved in Athenaeus. His plays chiefly deal with matters connected to mythological subjects,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1398005", "score": "0.9467721", "original_retrieval_index": 44 } ]

{ "title": "Sophocles", "long_answer": "Sophocles (/ˈsɒfəkliːz/; Greek: Σοφοκλῆς, Sophoklēs, Ancient Greek: [so.pʰo.klɛ̂ːs]; c. 497/6 – winter 406/5 BC) is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides. Sophocles wrote over 120 plays during the course of his life, but only seven have survived in a complete form: Ajax, Antigone, The Women of Trachis, Oedipus Rex, Electra, Philoctetes and Oedipus at Colonus. For almost 50 years, Sophocles was the most celebrated playwright in the dramatic competitions of the city-state of Athens that took place during the religious festivals of the Lenaea and the Dionysia. He competed in 30 competitions, won 24, and was never judged lower than second place. Aeschylus won 13 competitions, and was sometimes defeated by Sophocles, while Euripides won 4 competitions.", "chunked_long_answer": "Sophocles (/ˈsɒfəkliːz/; Greek: Σοφοκλῆς, Sophoklēs, Ancient Greek: [so.pʰo.klɛ̂ːs]; c. 497/6 – winter 406/5 BC) is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides. Sophocles wrote over 120 plays during the course of his life, but only seven have survived in a complete form: Ajax, Antigone, The Women of Trachis, Oedipus Rex, Electra, Philoctetes and Oedipus at Colonus. For almost 50 years, Sophocles was the most celebrated playwright in the dramatic competitions of the city-state of Athens that took place during the religious festivals of the Lenaea and the Dionysia. He competed in 30 competitions, won 24, and was never judged lower than second place. Aeschylus won 13 competitions, and was sometimes defeated by Sophocles, while Euripides won 4 competitions.", "short_answers": [ "Sophocles", "c. 497/6", "winter 406/5 BC" ] }

[ "Banzai", "Shenzi", "Ed" ]

[ { "title": "List of The Lion King characters", "text": "Shenzi (voiced by Whoopi Goldberg in the films and Tress MacNeille in Timon & Pumbaa and Kingdom Hearts II), Banzai (voiced by Cheech Marin in the films and Kingdom Hearts II and Rob Paulsen in Timon & Pumbaa) and Ed (voiced by Jim Cummings) are the three spotted hyenas who make up Scar's henchmen. After Scar promises them that they will have food, the hyenas trigger the wildebeest stampede and chase Simba out of Pride Rock. When Simba returns to Pride Rock, Shenzi and Banzai are defeated by Pumbaa. The three turn on Scar when the latter tries to blame", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Kimba the White Lion", "text": "the one-eyed Claw and Scar, the sage baboons Dan'l Baboon and Rafiki, the animated birds Pauley Cracker and Zazu, and the pair of hyena sidekicks (it was a trio in the Disney film). \"The Lion King\" co-director Rob Minkoff deflected criticism of similarities in the characters by stating it was \"not unusual to have characters like a baboon, a bird or hyenas\" in films set in Africa. Matthew Broderick has said that when he was hired as the voice of adult Simba in \"The Lion King\", he presumed the project was related to \"Kimba the White Lion\". \"I thought he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1666818", "score": "0.97756827", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Criticism of The Walt Disney Company", "text": "feature the theme of the circle of life. Alleged similarities in the characters, beginning with the protagonist lion cubs \"Kimba\" and \"Simba\", include the evil lions, the one-eyed Claw and Scar, the sage baboons Dan'l Baboon and Rafiki, the animated birds Pauley Cracker and Zazu, and the pair of hyena sidekicks (it was a trio in the Disney film). \"The Lion King\" co-director Rob Minkoff deflected criticism of similarities in the characters by stating it was \"not unusual to have characters like a baboon, a bird or hyenas\" in films set in Africa. Both films feature the protagonist looking up", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13900570", "score": "0.96773016", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Lion King (musical)", "text": "age. Back at the elephant graveyard, Scar tells the hyenas of his plan to kill Mufasa and Simba so that he can become king. He raises an army of hyenas, promising that they will never go hungry again if they support him (\"Be Prepared\"). Scar takes Simba to a gorge and tells him to wait there. On Scar's signal, the hyenas start a wildebeest stampede into the gorge (\"The Stampede\"). Scar tells Mufasa that Simba is trapped in the gorge. Mufasa leaps into the stampede and manages to save his son, but as he tries to escape, Scar throws him", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6528844", "score": "0.9474166", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Lion King", "text": "the hyenas drive a large herd of wildebeest into a stampede that will trample him. He informs Mufasa of Simba's peril, knowing the king will rush to save his son. Mufasa saves Simba but ends up hanging perilously from the gorge's edge. Scar refuses to help Mufasa, instead sending him falling to his death. He then convinces Simba that the tragedy was Simba's own fault and advises him to leave the kingdom. He orders the hyenas to kill the cub, but Simba escapes. Scar tells the pride that both Mufasa and Simba were killed in the stampede and steps forward", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895763", "score": "0.935791", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Lion King (musical)", "text": "falls from the cliff. The hyenas, who heard Scar's betrayal and are still starving, tear him to shreds. With the battle won, Simba's friends come forward and acknowledge Simba as the rightful king. Simba ascends Pride Rock and roars out across the kingdom (\"King of Pride Rock\"). The Pride Lands recover and the animals gather in celebration as Rafiki presents Simba and Nala's newborn cub, continuing the Circle of Life (\"Circle of Life (Reprise)\"). <nowiki>*</nowiki> Cut from the show as of June 27, 2010 The musical incorporates several changes and additions to the storyline as compared to the film. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6528853", "score": "0.93447256", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Lion King", "text": "it appears as if the word \"SEX\" might have been embedded into the dust flying in the sky when Simba flops down, which conservative activist Donald Wildmon asserted was a subliminal message intended to promote sexual promiscuity. Animator Tom Sito has stated that the letters spell \"SFX\" (a common abbreviation for \"special effects\"), not with an \"E\" instead of the \"F\", and were intended as an innocent \"signature\" created by the effects animation team. Hyena biologists protested against the animal's portrayal: one hyena researcher sued Disney studios for defamation of character, and another—who had organized the animators' visit to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895818", "score": "0.9319519", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Lion King", "text": "as the new king, allowing his three hyena minions and the rest of their large pack to live in the Pride Lands. Simba collapses in a desert and is rescued by Timon and Pumbaa, a meerkat and warthog, who are fellow outcasts. Simba grows up in the jungle with his two new friends, living a carefree life under the motto \"hakuna matata\" (\"no worries\" in Swahili). Now a young adult, Simba rescues Timon and Pumbaa from a hungry lioness, who turns out to be Nala. She and Simba reunite and fall in love, and she urges him to return home,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895764", "score": "0.9210926", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Be Prepared (Disney song)", "text": "later sings a brief reprise while declaring himself king at Mufasa's funeral in which he introduces the hyenas as his direct and privileged minions (the aforementioned deleted reprise from the film). However, the Broadway reprise was not featured in the soundtrack, and is instead replaced with a sinister chord at the end of the song \"Rafiki Mourns\". In other soundtracks from different productions, the song is not represented at all. In Walt Disney World's Animal Kingdom's \"Festival of the Lion King\", Kiume sings the song while the theater takes on a darker tone with the male dancers carrying spears and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8290513", "score": "0.91141415", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Lion King 1½", "text": "under the hyenas. However, the last few get stuck, prompting Timon to dive underground and break them himself. The cave-in commences, and the hyenas are ejected through the tunnels. Immediately afterwards, Scar is defeated by Simba. Simba accepts his place as king of the Pride Lands, thanking Timon and Pumbaa for helping him. Timon takes Ma, Uncle Max, and the meerkat colony to live in the predator-free jungle to complete his \"Hakuna Matata\"; and he is praised as their hero. Once Timon finishes his backstory, Ma, Uncle Max, Simba, Rafiki, and eventually many other Disney characters join him and Pumbaa", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2366758", "score": "0.91027594", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Lion King", "text": "to the characters—for instance, James Earl Jones was cast because the directors found his voice \"powerful\" and similar to a lion's roar. Jones commented that during the years of production, Mufasa \"became more and more of a dopey dad instead of [a] grand king\". Nathan Lane originally auditioned for Zazu, and Ernie Sabella for one of the hyenas. Upon meeting each other at the recording studio, the actors, who at the time both co-starred in \"Guys and Dolls\", were asked to record together as hyenas. The directors laughed at their performance and decided to cast them as Timon and Pumbaa.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895775", "score": "0.9092053", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Nala (The Lion King)", "text": "accompanying her and her best friend Simba on their adventures. Pronounced \"me too\", the character's name is a reference to this personality trait. Simba was intended to save the cub from a wildebeest stampede, and Nala would eventually become responsible for protecting Mheetu from Simba's tyrannical uncle Scar. Nala also had a fox friend named Bhati. According to Woolverton, Mheetu and Bhati were eventually written out of the film because their stories were beginning to distract from Simba's, in addition to the Mheetu-Scar subplot making the film too dark when combined with the death of Simba's father Mufasa. At one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6731083", "score": "0.90875864", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Scar (The Lion King)", "text": "the pride that both father and son died in the stampede before becoming king and allowing the hyenas into the Pride Lands. Years go by as Scar squanders the kingdom's resources and allows his army of hyenas to wreak havoc upon the Pride Lands, which turn barren. Meanwhile, an alive and adult Simba is visited by Mufasa's ghost, who encourages him to return to the Pride Lands and take his rightful place as king. Aided by his friends Nala, Timon and Pumbaa, Simba arrives at Pride Rock and witnesses Scar striking his mother Sarabi and confronts Scar, who demands that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15197183", "score": "0.8955582", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Lion King (video game)", "text": "quite another. When the grown-up Simba gives a blood-curdling roar and mauls snarling hyenas, the interaction is so well observed that it's like watching a PBS nature documentary. The sense of power it gives you is exhilarating, and by the time Simba takes his climactic heavyweight stand against his evil uncle Scar, this \"Lion King\" has turned into a wild-kingdom variant of \"Street Fighter II\".\" The Lion King (video game) The Lion King is a platformer video game based on Disney's animated film of the same name. The title was developed by Westwood Studios and published by Virgin Interactive Entertainment", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6976513", "score": "0.8955163", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Lion King", "text": "University of California's Field Station for Behavioural Research, where they would observe and sketch captive hyenas— included boycotting \"The Lion King\" among the ways it would help preserve hyenas in the wild. The hyenas have also been interpreted to represent an anti-immigrant allegory, where the hyenas would be black and Latino ethnic communities. The film has also been criticised for advancing a fascist narrative in its portrayal of the lion kingdom and the circle of life where \"only the strong and the beautiful triumph, and the powerless survive only by serving the strong.\" The first \"Lion King\"-related animated projects involved", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895819", "score": "0.8926993", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Lion King 1½", "text": "Wait to Be King\", Mufasa's fight with the Hyenas, and Scar's conspiring with the hyenas. Eventually, the pair are caught in the wildebeest stampede that killed Mufasa in the original film, and are thrown off a waterfall. Exhausted, Timon decides to give up, until Pumbaa discovers a luxurious green jungle. The pair finally settle there with the philosophy of \"Hakuna Matata\". Eventually, Timon and Pumbaa encounter Simba in a nearby desert, nearly dead. The pair rescue him and decide to raise him under their philosophy. Years later, Nala appears after chasing Pumbaa and reunites with Simba. Believing \"Hakuna Matata\" to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2366755", "score": "0.88442576", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Ralph Helfer", "text": "half by the Antelope Valley Freeway. They relocated to Soledad Canyon. They bought of land to build their new ranch and decided to name it Africa U.S.A. Africa U.S.A. was a training compound and a provider of animals for Hollywood (Clarence, the cross-eyed lion, and Judy the chimp in \"Daktari\", and Ben (originally named Bruno) the bear in \"Gentle Ben\"). The compound was also used as location for shows such as \"Daktari\" and the original \"\" episode \".\" Perhaps Helfer's most famous animal he trained was Zamba, who appeared in the MGM logo as Leo the Lion from 1957 to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12756256", "score": "0.8798159", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Lion King (musical)", "text": "off the cliff back into the stampede, killing him. Scar convinces Simba that his father's death was his fault and tells him to run away, but as he leaves, Scar orders the hyenas to kill him. Simba escapes but the hyenas tell Scar that he is dead. Rafiki and the lionesses mourn the deaths (\"Rafiki Mourns\"). Scar claims the throne and allows the hyenas into the Pride Lands (\"Be Prepared (Reprise)\"). Rafiki returns to her tree and smears the drawing of Simba, while Sarabi and Nala quietly grieve. Out in the desert, Simba collapses from heat exhaustion. Vultures begin to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6528845", "score": "0.87727106", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Leo the Lion: King of the Jungle", "text": "Leo the Lion: King of the Jungle Leo the Lion: King of the Jungle is a 46-minute direct-to-video animated film, originally released in 1994. Leo (voiced by Garry Chalk) is the lion king of the jungle, but unfortunately he doesn't know well what a king's job is. He believes it is his right to do as he pleases, even if it means disrupting the peace of others or being plain rude to them. As a king, Leo thinks everyone should look out for his well-being and comfort. One day, Leo meets a lion cub named Tooey (voiced by Andrea Libman)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8131775", "score": "0.8712677", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Be Prepared (Disney song)", "text": "shields, while the female dancers dance with streamers. After Kiume sings the first verse, the solo hyena performer does a tribal dance with a fire torch. In the finale, when the snippet of \"Be Prepared\" is sung, the hyena comes back out but dances with blades. Be Prepared (Disney song) \"Be Prepared\" is a song from the 1994 Disney animated film and the 1997 Broadway musical \"The Lion King\". The song was composed by Tim Rice (lyrics) and Elton John (music) and originally performed by Jeremy Irons, Cheech Marin, Jim Cummings (who took over after Irons's voice gave out), and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8290514", "score": "0.8708212", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Be Prepared (Disney song)", "text": "to Me\") was about Scar introducing the hyenas to the lionesses after he pronounced himself king and when the lionesses opposed him. This idea was scrapped in favor of the song in the film, later called \"Be Prepared\". A reprise of the song after Mufasa's death was also cut from the film, but is featured in the musical version. In the beginning of the second verse, an army of hyenas is shown goose-stepping in front of Scar, who is perched on an overlooking cliff in resemblance of Adolf Hitler with upwards of 22 beams of light pointing straight-up (resembling the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8290507", "score": "0.8695172", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Scar (The Lion King)", "text": "Kion. Scar (The Lion King) Scar is a fictional character who appears in Disney's \"The Lion King\" franchise. Scar was created in 1989 by screenwriters Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts, and Linda Woolverton, and animated by Andreas Deja. The Pride Lands' reclusive heir presumptive, Scar is introduced in the first film as Simba's uncle and Mufasa's younger brother. Originally first-in-line to Mufasa's throne until he is suddenly replaced by Simba, Scar decides to lead an army of hyenas in his plot to take the throne by killing Mufasa and exiling Simba, ultimately blaming his brother's death on his nephew. Loosely based", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15197215", "score": "0.86419857", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Scar (The Lion King)", "text": "to blame his crimes on the hyenas, unaware that they are listening nearby. Simba ignores Scar and gives him one last chance to run away and never return. When Simba's back is turned, Scar attacks him and they fight. Simba overpowers Scar and throws him over the cliff ledge to the base of Pride Rock. Scar survives the fall, but is attacked and killed by the vengeful hyenas. The success of \"The Lion King \"spawned a Broadway musical based on the film, directed by Julie Taymor with a book written by \"The Lion King \"co-director Roger Allers and screenwriter Irene", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15197185", "score": "0.86071026", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Lion King", "text": "the United States on July 19, 2019. In the Pride Lands of Africa, a pride of lions rule over the animal kingdom from Pride Rock. King Mufasa's and Queen Sarabi's newborn son, Simba, is presented to the gathering animals by Rafiki the baboon (with the colorful facial marking of a mandrill) who serves as the shaman and advisor. Mufasa shows Simba the Pride Lands and explains to him the responsibilities of kingship and the \"circle of life\", which connects all living things. Mufasa's younger brother, Scar, covets the throne and plots to eliminate Mufasa and Simba, so he may become", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895761", "score": "0.8603603", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Lion King (franchise)", "text": "of lions who oversee a large swath of African savanna as their \"kingdom\" known as the Pride Lands, with their leader Simba watching over it as \"king\". The first three animated films are widely known for being influenced by the works of William Shakespeare, as well as other works based on his material. \"The Lion King\" is the original film of the franchise. It was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff. It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, premiered in selected cities on June 15, 1994, and widely released to theaters on June 24, 1994 by Walt Disney", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14153133", "score": "0.86024344", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "The Lion King", "text": "The Lion King The Lion King is a 1994 American animated musical film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 32nd Disney animated feature film, and the fifth animated film produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance. \"The Lion King\" was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, produced by Don Hahn, and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts, and Linda Woolverton. Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, with a score by Hans Zimmer. The film features an ensemble voice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "895755", "score": "0.85792536", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "The Legend of the Sky Kingdom", "text": "hyenas, but eventually reach the Sky Kingdom. The film was animated using stop motion animation and was made by a team of fifteen people between 1999 and 2002 across two studios. Music from the movie includes a range of singers including Zimbabwean cricketer Henry Olonga. The found-object aesthetic of the film has been described by the filmmakers as \"junkmation\", a stylistic choice necessitated by budget considerations as well as inspired by the wire and metalwork of Africa's folk artists, who often transform discarded items into works of art. Director Roger Hawkins described this as wanting to achieve a fresh and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9348216", "score": "0.85777164", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "The Lion King 1½", "text": "The Lion King 1½ The Lion King (known as The Lion King 3: Hakuna Matata outside of North America) is a 2004 American animated comedy adventure direct-to-video film produced by the Australian office of Disneytoon Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures on February 10, 2004. The film was also theatrically released internationally and in selected cities in the United States. As the third film in the \"Lion King\" media franchise, the film is chronologically the second in the franchise. It focuses on the meerkat/warthog duo Timon and Pumbaa and their escapades taking place before and during the events of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2366751", "score": "0.85543936", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Hakuna Matata (song)", "text": "I Need\". \"Hakuna matata\" is a phrase in Swahili that is frequently translated as \"no worries\". In a bonus features of \"The Lion King\" Special Edition DVD, the film's production team claims that it picked up the term from a tour guide while on safari in Kenya. It was then developed into an ideology that, along with the seemingly antithetical value of duty to the monarchy, is central to the moral content of the film. The title phrase is pronounced with American English phonology within the song, including a flapped \"t\", rather than as it is pronounced in Swahili. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9042716", "score": "0.85528517", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Scar (The Lion King)", "text": "Scar (The Lion King) Scar is a fictional character who appears in Disney's \"The Lion King\" franchise. Scar was created in 1989 by screenwriters Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts, and Linda Woolverton, and animated by Andreas Deja. The Pride Lands' reclusive heir presumptive, Scar is introduced in the first film as Simba's uncle and Mufasa's younger brother. Originally first-in-line to Mufasa's throne until he is suddenly replaced by Simba, Scar decides to lead an army of hyenas in his plot to take the throne by killing Mufasa and exiling Simba, ultimately blaming his brother's death on his nephew. Loosely based on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15197157", "score": "0.85376924", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

{ "title": "List of The Lion King characters", "long_answer": "Shenzi (voiced by Whoopi Goldberg in the films and Tress MacNeille in Timon & Pumbaa and Kingdom Hearts II), Banzai (voiced by Cheech Marin in the films and Kingdom Hearts II and Rob Paulsen in Timon & Pumbaa) and Ed (voiced by Jim Cummings) are the three spotted hyenas who make up Scar's henchmen. After Scar promises them that they will have food, the hyenas trigger the wildebeest stampede and chase Simba out of Pride Rock. When Simba returns to Pride Rock, Shenzi and Banzai are defeated by Pumbaa. The three turn on Scar when the latter tries to blame them for Mufasa's death and the ruin of the Pride Lands, and eat him alive during a thunderstorm.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "Shenzi (voiced by Whoopi Goldberg in the films and Tress MacNeille in Timon & Pumbaa and Kingdom Hearts II), Banzai (voiced by Cheech Marin in the films and Kingdom Hearts II and Rob Paulsen in Timon & Pumbaa) and Ed (voiced by Jim Cummings) are the three spotted hyenas who make up Scar's henchmen. After Scar promises them that they will have food, the hyenas trigger the wildebeest stampede and chase Simba out of Pride Rock. When Simba returns to Pride Rock, Shenzi and Banzai are defeated by Pumbaa. The three turn on Scar when the latter tries to blame", "short_answers": [ "Banzai", "Ed", "Shenzi" ] }

[ "her castle" ]

[ { "title": "White Witch", "text": "But with the approach of Aslan, her magical winter thaws, and Edmund is rescued after his treason. He had been greeted with a hostile reception from the White Witch after arriving at her castle alone, and even more so after informing her that Aslan had come to Narnia. The harshness of the Witch's winter had made Edmund realise that he had been wrong in thinking that her side was the right side to be on, and he realised the full extent of her evil when he witnessed her turning a party of creatures into stone after their revelation that Father", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe", "text": "finds a magic wardrobe providing a portal to a forest in a land called Narnia. At a lamppost oddly located in the forest, she meets Tumnus, a faun, who invites her to tea in his home. There he confesses that he invited her not out of hospitality, but with the intention of betraying her to the White Witch. The witch has ruled Narnia for years, using magic to keep it frozen in a perpetual winter. She has ordered all Narnians to turn in any humans (\"Sons of Adam\" or \"Daughters of Eve\") they come across; but now that Tumnus has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1816770", "score": "1.08744", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe", "text": "Pauline Baynes, and her work has been retained in many later editions. Most of the novel is set in Narnia, a land of talking animals and mythical creatures that one White Witch has ruled for 100 years of deep winter. In the frame story, four English children are relocated to a large, old country house following a wartime evacuation. The youngest visits Narnia three times via the magic of a wardrobe in a spare room. All four children are together on her third visit, which verifies her fantastic claims and comprises the subsequent 12 of 17 chapters except for a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1816768", "score": "1.068105", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Lucy Pevensie", "text": "One Hundred Year Winter, under the rule of the White Witch, the evil self-proclaimed Queen of Narnia. There she meets Mr. Tumnus the Faun and, then later, the Beavers. However, her brother Edmund had also slipped into Narnia on the second occasion Lucy had entered, and encountered the White Witch while she was visiting Mr Tumnus. Edmund, who had already jeered at Lucy about her \"magical\" country, continued to be spiteful towards Lucy by denying that either of them had been in Narnia. When the children all enter Narnia, Edmund slips away from the house of the Beavers and defects", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3300174", "score": "1.0625052", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "White Witch", "text": "comes at a cost: her skin is bleached white, and the evil in her heart causes her eternal misery. She cannot stand the sight of the tree that Aslan has Digory plant in Narnia from the fruit of the garden, and she thus stays to the north of Narnia, working to develop her magic. Meanwhile, the land of Narnia remains the domain of animals (chosen animals are given the ability to speak, and become pillars of society) and is not troubled by the Witch nor any other enemy for many hundreds of years. In \"The Lion, the Witch and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3271644", "score": "1.0364221", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia (TV series)", "text": "that she is in the land of Narnia. He invites her back to his cave for tea, and tells her stories about what life was once like in Narnia, until it became an \"endless winter\". He then plays his flute and Lucy goes to sleep, but when she wakes up Tumnus is crying and he confesses that he is in the pay of the White Witch, who rules over Narnia and makes it \"always winter and never Christmas\". She had ordered him and all the other Narnians that if they ever saw a Son of Adam or Daughter of Eve", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6910530", "score": "1.0322155", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)", "text": "antagonist is the White Witch (also known as Jadis). The first two films were directed by Andrew Adamson and the third film was directed by Michael Apted. The fourth film was to be directed by Joe Johnston, but it was announced in 2018 that a new adaptation would be made for Netflix. C. S. Lewis never sold the film rights to the \"Narnia\" series during his lifetime, as he was skeptical that any cinematic adaptation could render the more fantastical elements and characters of the story realistically. Only after seeing a demo reel of CGI animals did Douglas Gresham (Lewis's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7052262", "score": "1.0300587", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "White Witch", "text": "told you, your parents probably wouldn't let you read this book.\" Her magic is now powerful, and she has acquired a wand with which she can turn enemies to stone if they displease or attempt to challenge her in any way. She styles herself \"Her Imperial Majesty Jadis, Queen of Narnia, Chatelaine of Cair Paravel, Empress of the Lone Islands\", and she casts Narnia into an endless winter with no Christmas. She fears a prophecy that four humans, two sons of Adam and two daughters of Eve, will cause her downfall, and orders all Narnians - including those who might", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3271646", "score": "1.0123117", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe", "text": "to the countryside, who find a wardrobe that leads to the fantasy world of Narnia. There they ally with the Lion Aslan (voiced by Liam Neeson) against the forces of Jadis, the White Witch (Tilda Swinton). The film was released on December 9, 2005, in both Europe and North America to positive reviews and was highly successful at the box office grossing more than $745 million worldwide, making it 2005's third most successful film. It won the 2005 Academy Award for Best Makeup and various other awards. An \"Extended Edition\" was released on December 12, 2006, and was only made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5109319", "score": "1.0120878", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe", "text": "the wardrobe. Lucy guides them to Tumnus's cave, but they find it ransacked, with a notice from Jadis (the White Witch) proclaiming his arrest for harbouring humans. Mr. Beaver, a talking animal, finds and befriends the children, and takes them to his den. There, he and Mrs. Beaver tell them of a prophecy that the Witch's power will fail when two Sons of Adam and two Daughters of Eve sit in the four thrones at Cair Paravel. Aslan, the great lion and the rightful King, has been absent for many years but is now \"on the move again\" in Narnia.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1816773", "score": "1.011188", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe", "text": "the most usage; brown for Father Christmas's and white for those of the White Witch. The cast and crew spent their time in New Zealand in Auckland before moving in November to the South Island. Shooting locations in the South Island included Flock Hill in Canterbury, the area known as Elephant Rocks near Duntroon in North Otago, which was transformed into Aslan's camp. The castle scene was filmed in Purakaunui Bay, in The Catlins district, not far from the most southern point in New Zealand. They filmed in the Czech Republic (Prague and National Park České Švýcarsko), Slovenia and Poland", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5109338", "score": "1.007334", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "White Witch", "text": "oppose her - to bring any human they come across to her. By the time the Pevensie children arrive in Narnia, Jadis has ruled for 100 years. She first meets Edmund Pevensie while riding on her sledge through the land of Narnia, enchants him with magical Turkish delight, and tempts him to betray his siblings by offering to make him her heir and bring them to Narnia with him, although at this stage only Edmund and his sister Lucy have been in Narnia. The four Pevensie children all arrive in Narnia together soon afterwards, and Edmund strays to the Witch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3271647", "score": "1.0062666", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "White Witch", "text": "after he and the other children are taken in by Mr and Mrs Beaver. He had realised that the \"Queen of Narnia\" (as she had introduced herself) and the White Witch were one and the same after a conversation with Lucy, but was still determined to taste more Turkish Delight and remained convinced that the Witch would deliver her promise to make him heir to her throne. In the meantime, her Secret Police had captured Mr Tumnus the faun, who had harboured Lucy on her first visit to Narnia. But with the approach of Aslan, her magical winter thaws. Edmund", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3271648", "score": "1.0054412", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "White Witch", "text": "Wardrobe\", set 1,000 Narnian years after the events of \"The Magician's Nephew\", Jadis has usurped power over Narnia after the tree that kept her at bay had died. Now known as the White Witch, she is served by various races including Wolves (who make up her secret police), Black Dwarves, Giants, Werewolves, Tree Spirits that are on her side, Ghouls, Boggles, Ogres, Minotaurs, Cruels, Hags, Spectres, People of the Toadstools, Incubi, Wraiths, Horrors, Efreets, Orknies, Sprites, Wooses, Ettins, Poisonous Plant Spirits, Evil Apes, Giant Bats, Vultures, and creatures that according to C. S. Lewis are \"so horrible that if I", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3271645", "score": "1.002309", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia (TV series)", "text": "Beaver explains that this prophecy is why they all had to be so cautious as they came along, as the White Witch would be more dangerous still if she knew that there were four humans in Narnia. Suddenly, they notice that Edmund has disappeared, and they rush outside in hope that he will hear them calling for him, but he is nowhere to be seen. Mr Beaver then tells them that Edmund has gone to the White Witch, as he had the look of someone who had been with the Witch. He is even more sure of this when he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6910538", "score": "0.9903862", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1988 TV serial)", "text": "lady he had just befriended - however, he does not tell Lucy of his encounter with her at this stage. Lucy is too excited to be alarmed by Edmund's facial expressions when he realises who the White Witch is, and does not question him when he asks what the White Witch looks like - which could be seen as a likely hint that he has met or at least seen the White Witch. Back in their own country, Lucy tells Peter and Susan that Edmund has also got into Narnia, but Edmund lies saying that he and Lucy were only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13642502", "score": "0.98828286", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "White Witch", "text": "White Witch Jadis is the main antagonist of \"The Magician's Nephew\" and of \"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe\" in C. S. Lewis's series, \"The Chronicles of Narnia\". She is commonly referred to as the White Witch in \"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe\", as she is the Witch who froze Narnia in the Hundred Years Winter. Some recent editions of the books include brief notes, added by later editors, that describe the cast of characters. As Lewis scholar Peter Schakel points out, the description there of Jadis and the Queen of Underland (the main antagonist of \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3271639", "score": "0.98227787", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Mr. Tumnus", "text": "and Lucy falls asleep. When Lucy wakes up, she sees him in tears. He confesses that he is in the pay of the White Witch (Jadis), who rules Narnia and has made it always winter but never Christmas. She had ordered him and the other Narnians to hand over any Sons of Adam or Daughters of Eve - humans - that he sees in Narnia. Tumnus, despite knowing that the Witch will find out and is likely to punish him severely if he disobeys her orders, quickly realises that he can't bring himself to give Lucy up to the Witch,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2977449", "score": "0.98216665", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Lucy Pevensie", "text": "this marking the fulfilling of the ancient prophecy and the end of the White Witch's reign. During her reign, the people name her Queen Lucy the Valiant. She and her siblings make a Golden Age in Narnia. Late in the Golden Age, while hunting the white stag through Lantern Waste, she notices the lantern where she met Mr. Tumnus. She stops her siblings and they look and wonder what it is. Lucy, in a dreamy voice, says Spare Oom, Mr. Tumnus's phrase for the land from which they came 15 years earlier, and the children run through the wardrobe into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3300177", "score": "0.9820696", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "White Witch", "text": "animals and humans who now inhabit Narnia. Glimfeather the Owl speculates that the Green Lady may be \"of the same crew\" as the White Witch. This has led to speculation by some readers that Jadis and the Lady of the Green Kirtle may be the same person. Lewis's text does not support this (See \"Lady of the Green Kirtle\" for further discussion). Lewis never clarifies the Green Lady's origins, or what connection she has to the White Witch. The \"Green Lady\" had first entered Narnia in serpent form and killed the wife of King Caspian, and later re-emerged in human", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3271656", "score": "0.9819859", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Narnia (world)", "text": "and the Wardrobe\" — for this wardrobe became the entrance through which the Pevensies would discover Narnia. During the Age of Conquest, Narnia remained at peace for hundreds of years after its creation until Jadis the Witch-Queen returned as the White Witch in 898. She conquered Narnia and reigned as a tyrant in 900, using her wand to turn anyone who crossed her into stone. With her magic she covered the land in perpetual ice and snow, making it \"always winter and never Christmas\"; so began Narnia's Age of Winter. Though she claimed to be Queen of Narnia and Châtelaine", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2160080", "score": "0.97969604", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe", "text": "Edmund steals away to the White Witch's castle, which is filled with statues of Narnian victims she has turned to stone. The Witch is furious when Edmund appears alone and angrier still to learn that Aslan may have returned. She takes him on her sledge to intercept the others. Meanwhile, Mr. Beaver realizes that Edmund has betrayed them, and they set off at once to seek Aslan at the Stone Table. As they travel, the Witch's spell over Narnia begins to break: Father Christmas (who has not been seen in Narnia for a hundred years) arrives with magical presents: a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1816774", "score": "0.97856855", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Lantern Waste", "text": "in Lantern Waste, where she meets Tumnus the Faun. Later her brother Edmund finds his way in and meets the White Witch there. Years later, the four children, now Kings and Queens of Narnia, are hunting in Lantern Waste when they come across the spot where they first entered Narnia and stumble back into the Professor's house in England. King Tirian and Jewel the Unicorn, while strolling through Lantern Waste, discover about Aslan's return and his commanding the Narnians to work for the Calormenes. They meet the ape there. It is widely described through the second and third chapters. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6611389", "score": "0.97639334", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "White Witch", "text": "Edmund, who have been recalled to Narnia after Caspian blows Susan's horn. On the orders of Aslan and the newly-crowned King Caspian, Narnia is now a land in which humans and talking animals are encouraged to integrate and have equal rights – although a small number of Telmarines accept Aslan's offer of building a new life for themselves on Planet Earth, on the Pacific island where their pirate ancestors had entered Narnia through a cave in the past. Jadis does not appear in \"The Voyage of the Dawn Treader\", though the stone knife she used to kill Aslan at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3271654", "score": "0.976228", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia (TV series)", "text": "He reveals that Tumnus was seen being taken away by the Secret Police to the White Witch's castle, and that there was no certainty of his fate, but according to the few people who have been taken in the castle and come out again it is likely that he has been turned to stone. The children have to meet Aslan the next day at the Stone Table, because they are part of a prophecy that when \"two sons of Adam and two daughters of Eve\" sit on the thrones at Cair Paravel, it will end the White Witch's reign. Mr", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6910537", "score": "0.9753068", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (video game)", "text": "cycle of day and night which varies the temperature and enemies encountered. The fantasy land of Narnia has been under the spell of the evil White Witch, who makes it always winter but never Christmas, but when Aslan comes, it will be spring again and the Witch's reign will be over. Four children enter Narnia and, along with the legendary lion, Aslan, help defeat the White Witch and her evil minions.(This version is based on the 2005 film.) The game has received mixed reviews. The slightly different style of combat available has been both praised and criticized. Though it offers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8079444", "score": "0.97157323", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Journey into Narnia: Creating The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe", "text": "a lamppost, a large tree illuminated with fiber optics, and a large (150\") projection television screen. The screen displayed a greatly abridged version of \"\", the 2005 feature film co-produced by Disney and Walden Media. At a key point in the abridged film, the White Witch appeared on a terrace above the crowd and read a few lines from the film. The abridged film then continued on-screen, followed by a short preview of \"\", the second Narnia feature film, which was to be released in 2008. None of the material shown on-screen was exclusive — all could be found in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10327558", "score": "0.97122055", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Narnia (world)", "text": "around the Narnian year 570 (mentioned in the Last Battle), that the White Witch Jadis returns to Narnia around year 898 (corresponding roughly with her hundred-year reign), that King Ram of Archenland succeeds Cor in 1050 (as stated, without the year in \"The Horse and His Boy\"), and that Queen Swanwhite lived around the year 1502 (also mentioned in \"The Last Battle\"). Narnia (world) Narnia is a fantasy world created by C. S. Lewis as the primary location for his series of seven fantasy novels for children, \"The Chronicles of Narnia\". The world is so called after the country of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2160102", "score": "0.97081655", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia (TV series)", "text": "hears that Edmund has been in Narnia before, by himself, and had not told the others what he had done or who he had met. He tells the children that they must all head to the Stone Table to meet Aslan, and that the only way of saving Edmund is to keep away from the White Witch. Edmund arrives at the White Witch's house, and she is furious with him for coming alone. She is even more furious when she hears that Aslan has come to Narnia, and decides that they are to travel to the Stone Table. The beavers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6910539", "score": "0.97025114", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1988 TV serial)", "text": "the children are part of a prophecy that states that two sons of Adam and two daughters of Eve will be crowned as Kings and Queens of Narnia, thus ending the reign of the White Witch - it is for this reason that the White Witch is always looking out for humans in Narnia. They eventually realise that Edmund has disappeared - Mr. Beaver instantly realises that he has betrayed them to the White Witch. He is more convinced of this when he learns that Edmund had previously been to Narnia alone and not told his siblings what he had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13642506", "score": "0.96770054", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "White Witch", "long_answer": "But with the approach of Aslan, her magical winter thaws, and Edmund is rescued after his treason. He had been greeted with a hostile reception from the White Witch after arriving at her castle alone, and even more so after informing her that Aslan had come to Narnia. The harshness of the Witch's winter had made Edmund realise that he had been wrong in thinking that her side was the right side to be on, and he realised the full extent of her evil when he witnessed her turning a party of creatures into stone after their revelation that Father Christmas had been in Narnia - much to the Witch's horror after she had banished him.", "chunked_long_answer": "But with the approach of Aslan, her magical winter thaws, and Edmund is rescued after his treason. He had been greeted with a hostile reception from the White Witch after arriving at her castle alone, and even more so after informing her that Aslan had come to Narnia. The harshness of the Witch's winter had made Edmund realise that he had been wrong in thinking that her side was the right side to be on, and he realised the full extent of her evil when he witnessed her turning a party of creatures into stone after their revelation that Father", "short_answers": [ "her castle" ] }

[ "Professor Eobard Thawne", "Thawne" ]

[ { "title": "Eobard Thawne", "text": "When Thawne reappears, he murders the revived Johnny Quick, before proceeding to trap Barry and the revived Max Mercury inside the negative Speed Force. Thawne then attempts to kill Wally West's children through their connection to the Speed Force in front of Linda Park-West, only to be stopped by Jay Garrick and Bart Allen. Thawne defeats Jay and prepares to kill Bart, but Barry, Max, Wally, Jesse Quick, and Impulse arrive to prevent the villain from doing so. In the ensuing fight, Thawne reveals that he is responsible for every tragedy that has occurred in Barry's life, including the death of his mother. Thawne then decides to destroy everything the Flash holds dear by killing Barry's wife, Iris, before they even met.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Flash (Barry Allen)", "text": "shortly after Barry returned victorious from a school spelling bee, and Barry placed the trophy he won on his mother's grave in her memory. While the evidence seems to indicate his father's guilt, Barry makes proving his father's innocence a priority. Barry is also part of the main cast of the relaunched \"Justice League\" series, making his debut in the series' second issue. Following Convergence, Barry has a new suit in issue #41, which has a darker shade and features more streaks. During DC Rebirth, Barry is no longer the only Flash. It is revealed that Wally West has been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4240792", "score": "1.1436633", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Arrowverse", "text": "had caused, a new threat emerges from Flashpoint in the form of a powerful speedster, Savitar, who wishes to kill Barry and make him suffer, due to Barry's \"Flashpoint\" excursion inadvertently led to Savitar's birth and sufferings. This also gives Wally and Caitlin metahuman powers with Wally gaining speed and becomes Barry's partner known as Kid Flash and Caitlin becoming the villain Killer Frost. After Barry defeats Savitar, Barry goes to take Savitar's place into the speed force in order to balance it. In the months since Barry left, Wally and Cisco have barely been able to protect Central City.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18661135", "score": "1.1205072", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Flash (comic book)", "text": "murder occurred shortly after Barry returned victorious from a school spelling bee, and Barry placed the trophy he won on his mother's grave in her memory. Barry is also part of the main cast of the relaunched \"Justice League\" series, making his debut in the series' second issue. Writers Robert Venditti and Van Jensen and artist Brett Booth became the new creative team on \"The Flash\" as of issue #30 (June 2014). During DC Rebirth, Barry is no longer the only Flash. It is revealed that Wally West has been lost in the Speed Force for ten years, realizing during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13783621", "score": "1.110286", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Barry Allen (Arrowverse)", "text": "his mother by a supernatural yellow blur and the false imprisonment of his father for the crime. Barry is struck by lightning created by the explosion of the particle accelerator sending Barry to a nine-month coma. After waking up he finds himself in S.T.A.R. Labs and develops metahuman powers; the power of speed. Throughout the series, he is constantly training himself to control and enhance his powers. He uses his powers along with his team to fight criminals and other metahumans who have misused their powers. Barry Allen and his superhero persona have also appeared in a digital comic book", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20911612", "score": "1.1083604", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Flash in film", "text": "and prevents himself from saving his mother, but once again fractures time, creating another alternate timeline which differs in subtler ways from the original. Barry is also in a better place with his mom's death, and is reunited with Iris. He also gives Batman (Bruce Wayne) a letter that Thomas asked him to deliver to his son. Barry Allen appears in the animated film \"\", voiced by Christopher Gorham. Barry Allen appears in the animated film \"\", with Christopher Gorham reprising his role. Barry Allen appears in the animated film \"Justice League vs. Teen Titans\", with Christopher Gorham reprising the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20866869", "score": "1.1046461", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Barry Allen (Arrowverse)", "text": "one final case with Barry, in which she tells Barry \"I know you’re upset but I was hoping it wouldn't be like this between us\". The Earth-2 version of the character (also played by Gustin) is a non-metahuman who is a CSI at the Central City Police Department and a PhD graduate. Married to Iris, he is despised by Joe. Gustin also portrays Savitar (voiced by Tobin Bell in his exosuit), who is an evil and scarred future version of the Flash, who is the main antagonist for season three. He is corrupted after his final battle with the Reverse-Flash", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20911626", "score": "1.1013424", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Killer Frost (The Flash episode)", "text": "that's gone wrong with everyone's lives is his fault because he created \"Flashpoint\" and reveals to the team who were watching them through the warehouse's security cameras that Cisco's brother Dante's death is because of Barry reversing time. The police arrive and are about to shoot Caitlin when Barry speeds her out of harm's way. Once they're both hidden, Caitlin creates an icicle and stabs Barry in the leg, ensuring that it will take him a couple of hours to heal. Eventually, Barry and Cisco find Caitlin and lock her inside the pipeline after she attacks them. Greatly concerned and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19858862", "score": "1.091284", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Barry Allen (Arrowverse)", "text": "to Barry and Iris's daughter, Nora. Barry learns from Nora that in the future he did not return and she had only known Iris. Barry is introduced to a new villain this season, Cicada. Barry's suit is altered and upgraded every season. The suit is designed by Cisco Ramon and its original design was intended as a uniform for firefighters. The suit was a modernised version of the traditional flash suit with a matching dark maroon colored helmet, which features the same maroon emblem and gold lightning symbol as the suit does. The second season suit made minor changes to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20911621", "score": "1.0898759", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Barry Allen (Arrowverse)", "text": "Barry Allen (Arrowverse) Bartholomew \"Barry\" Allen is a fictional character in the television series \"The Flash\", based on the DC Comics superhero Barry Allen / Flash, created by Robert Kanigher and Carmine Infantino. Adapted for television in 2014 by Greg Berlanti, Andrew Kreisberg and Geoff Johns, Barry Allen has been continually portrayed by Grant Gustin and is the alter-ego of the superhero Flash. In the series, Barry is portrayed as a smart, goofy and tardy character, who works at the Central City Police Department as a crime scene investigator. The series begins by showing his backstory depicting the murder of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20911611", "score": "1.0874894", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Gorilla City (The Flash)", "text": "Caitlin Snow try to rescue Wells, but are captured by Gorilla Grodd. Speaking through Wells, Grodd asks Barry to assassinate his master Solovar (leader of Gorilla City) to prevent a planned invasion of Central City. Barry agrees to fight Solovar in the arena for the lives of the others; defeating him, he spares his life. Grodd uses Barry's victory to convince the apes that humans are dangerous, and plans to force Cisco to open a portal for him to Earth-1. Grodd seizes control of Gorilla City and prepares an invasion of Earth-1. The team asks Caitlin to kill Cisco to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20005858", "score": "1.0816469", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Flash (Barry Allen)", "text": "previous Flash stories, in which both his parents appear alive). Flash describes this as \"the only one open case I left behind.\" Before he can contemplate this any further, the speedster villain Savitar escapes the Speed Force through Flash. When Flash manages to put his hand on Savitar's shoulder, the villain screams in agony and crumbles into dust, not before telling Flash, \"...You were the beginning, Allen...and you're the end.\" At that moment, Wally West, West's children Iris and Jai, Liberty Belle, Jay Garrick, and Kid Flash all experience painful convulsions and are engulfed in lightning. Barry's conflict with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4240759", "score": "1.0790801", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Flash (Barry Allen)", "text": "killing his mother, but the timeline diverted into the near-apocalyptic world they find themselves in. He continues to taunt Barry with this knowledge, but is suddenly stabbed in the back by Batman wielding an Amazonian sword. Before Barry returns the timeline to normal, Batman thanks him for all he's done and gives him a letter addressed to his son. After this, Barry bids a farewell to his mother, knowing he must travel back in time to stop his younger self from altering time. Through the fusions of the time stream, Barry seemingly hears a voice explaining that the three timelines", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4240788", "score": "1.0787793", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Arrowverse", "text": "West (Vanessa A. Williams) gave birth to shortly after abandoning her family. Cisco initially begins having visions or \"vibes\" of other times, places, and dimensions upon touching certain objects, he is given the nickname Vibe. He later finds his metahuman powers can also be used to open portals to other worlds and create sonic vibrations. After Zoom kills Barry's father, the season concludes with Barry travelling back in time to save his mother's life from the Reverse-Flash. After changing all of history, Barry inadvertently alters the entire timeline, resulting in 'Flashpoint' timeline. Despite Barry's attempt to repair the damages he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18661134", "score": "1.0757412", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Barry Allen (Arrowverse)", "text": "and becomes The Flash. Barry Allen's first appearance on \"The Flash\" is in the episode \"Pilot\". Barry is introduced as quite a goofy and kind character, who is quite brilliant at his job as a crime scene investigator for the Central City Police department. His obsession for the particle accelerator and interest in Harrison Wells began before his superhuman abilities. After the explosion that consequently led to Barry being struck by lightning, he wakes up and discovers that he has developed meta-human abilities, in particular the power of speed. This season portrays Barry's development in his superpowers, he has his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20911614", "score": "1.071852", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Flash (Barry Allen)", "text": "Speed Force. The Flashes tie Zoom up to stop him from running. With the threat ended, everyone celebrates by welcoming Barry back and the speedsters in general. Later, Barry closes the case on his mother's death and opts to take all the other cold cases they had after his death. Barry spends some time with Iris before racing to Washington to celebrate his return with the Justice League, apologizing for being late. Barry Allen is one of the main characters in Blackest Night alongside Hal Jordan. Allen appears alongside Jordan in the Free Comic Book Day issue \"Blackest Night\" #0", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4240764", "score": "1.0714865", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Killer Frost", "text": "Cisco Ramon/Vibe and Harrison Wells which supports Barry Allen/The Flash and has a friendship with Iris West. In season one, she struggles with her fiancé Ronnie Raymond's death in the particle accelerator blast which created various meta-humans, but later discovers Ronnie survived as part of the fire-based superhero Firestorm. After the Reverse-Flash (disguised as Wells) is revealed within their team, Caitlin and Ronnie later marry but Ronnie dies shortly after to help close a destructive singularity over Central City. During season two, Caitlin grieves for Ronnie, but grows closer to Hunter Zolomon (disguised as Jay Garrick). She then develops the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6427848", "score": "1.0684956", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Flash (Barry Allen)", "text": "death and observing that the deaths of Arthur Curry and Martian Manhunter cost the Justice League its \"heart and soul\". As they leave the cemetery, Barry expresses hope that their dead comrades will be returned to them. He specifically cites Batman noting, \"If there's an escape, you can bet Batman's already planning it.\" Barry also appears alongside Hal in the July issues of \"Green Lantern\" tying into the event. Recently, in a fight with Black Lantern J'onn J'onzz, he found a mysterious black residue at Bruce Wayne's grave—a black form coagulating much like blood that started corrupting him by partly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4240766", "score": "1.0682646", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Flash in other media", "text": "However, during a fight with Professor Zoom, Flash discovers that Zoom did not do anything, and that it was he who altered time by going back and saving his mother. After Batman kills the evil speedster, Flash travels back and prevents himself from saving his mother, but once again fractures time, creating another alternate timeline which differs in subtler ways from the original. Barry is also in a better place with his mom's death, and is reunited with Iris. He also gives Batman (Bruce Wayne) a letter that Thomas asked him to deliver to his son. An ambiguous version of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10931279", "score": "1.0658855", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Flash (Barry Allen)", "text": "Friday Blog that \"Flash\" #12 will be the last in the series despite a thirteenth issue originally having been announced for sale on May 25, 2011, but which has since been withdrawn. As the story begins, Barry Allen wakes up in his office and discovers that his mother is alive, there is no trace of Superman, Wonder Woman and Aquaman leading their respective nations in a war, his wife Iris West is unmarried, and himself currently powerless. Barry seeks the aid of Batman, driving to Gotham City and entering a run-down Wayne Manor. He explores what turns out to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4240781", "score": "1.0638728", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Barry Allen (Arrowverse)", "text": "again due to Barry's changes in history and the timeline, this resulted in the death of Cisco's brother and Caitlin gaining frost powers. The team at first distrust Barry for these changes but forgives him after they have to team up to fight Savitar. The season ends with Barry sacrificing himself and places himself in the speed force prison. Team Flash rescues Barry out of the speed force prison and Barry is given a new suit. Barry and Iris attend couples therapy in attempts to mend their relationship. Barry and Caitlin are kidnapped by two different people and the team", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20911619", "score": "1.0607318", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Bart Allen", "text": "and his former mentor, Max Mercury had not. Bart, along with others connected to the Speed Force, are struck with severe pain when Barry accidentally kills the speedster Savitar by merely touching him. When Barry accidentally kills another evil speedster, it is revealed that he is now the new Black Flash. The JLA and JSA work together to contain Barry in a machine that will sever his ties to the Speed Force. Bart rushes to the scene and confronts Barry over the reason why Max has not returned, but his grandfather cannot provide an answer. The Black Flash part of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4282328", "score": "1.0594778", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Pilot (The Flash)", "text": "brothers are presumed dead after their plane crashes because of the electrical surge. Barry wakes up from a nine-month coma in S.T.A.R. Labs and meets Dr. Caitlin Snow and Cisco Ramon. Dr. Wells, now wheelchair-bound following the explosion, arrives and attempts to explain to Barry that he has undergone genetic changes. Barry is too pre–occupied with getting back to his life and seeing Iris to listen. Eventually, he begins to experience superhuman abilities and returns to the lab. The team begins testing his abilities, over which he has limited control. Meanwhile, Clyde Mardon resurfaces in Central City. He can now", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19667549", "score": "1.0554487", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Flash (Barry Allen)", "text": "the result of his time-traveling actions, Iris now distrusts Barry. To make matters worse for Barry, while he's entering the Negative Speed Force, he becomes the Negative-Flash which is more lethal than the original, and mostly dangerous to control. After gotten rid of the Negative Speed Force, he investigates with the death of Turbine, but thanks to Godspeed's help, he discovers that Captain Cold was the one who killed him because he seeks redemption. He visits Wally after defeating the Top, he discusses about him telling Iris that he's alive and existed. While he's repairing his romantic relationship with Iris,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4240797", "score": "1.054681", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Barry Allen (Arrowverse)", "text": "setbacks in the beginning, in \"Fastest Man Alive\" he begins fainting, which he only finds out later that it is because his body is burning more energy than he could intake. Throughout the episode, Barry's character develops and he is able to better control his powers through training at the S.T.A.R Labs, with his team the STAR team: Caitlin Snow, Cisco Ramon and Harrison Wells. Barry's once platonic (at least to Iris West) relationship with Iris is turned complicated after the episode \"The Man in the Yellow Suit\" when Barry confesses his love to her. In the episode \"Crazy for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20911615", "score": "1.0536875", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Pilot (The Flash)", "text": "by a yellow blur, and his father being falsely imprisoned for the crime. In the present, Barry investigates a robbery and discovers evidence suggesting the Mardon brothers committed it. Later, Barry attends the unveiling of a particle accelerator created by Dr. Harrison Wells with his best friend Iris West at S.T.A.R. Labs. It explodes sending out an electrical surge, and Barry is struck by lightning created by it. Meanwhile, Iris' father, Detective Joe West, and his partner Fred Chyre follow the evidence Barry found. They discover the Mardon brothers attempting to flee in a plane. Chyre is killed, and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19667548", "score": "1.0530722", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Flash: Rebirth", "text": "revealed that even after the death of his father in prison, Barry continued investigating his mother's murder and hoped to prove his father's innocence. Barry arrives and meets with Captain Frye. Thanks to Wonder Woman and her government connections, the public believes that Barry has been in witness protection during the years he was missing. Barry receives a phone call from Wally and learns of the \"speed seizures\" the other super-speedsters have experienced. Barry and Wally investigate a mysterious lightning storm in Fallville, Iowa, and discover the remains of the Black Flash. The pair are attacked by Lady Flash, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12541248", "score": "1.051039", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Arrowverse", "text": "the events of the first season, after a singularity event, the Flash is recognized as Central City's hero. Jay Garrick (Teddy Sears), the Flash from Earth-Two, in a parallel universe, visits Barry and warns him another speedster named Zoom (voiced by Tony Todd) is trying to eliminate everyone connected to the Speed Force throughout the multiverse. Jay, and later Harrison Wells' Earth-Two counterpart, work to help Barry and his friends stop Zoom. Joe and Iris struggle with their shared painful past related to their family, especially after the arrival of Iris's brother Wally West (Keiynan Lonsdale), whom her mother Francine", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18661133", "score": "1.0499038", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Flash (2014 TV series)", "text": "a god-like speedster with a grudge against Barry. After Harry and Jesse return to Earth-2, another Wells doppelgänger is recruited: the novelist \"H.R.\" Wells. Both Wally and Caitlin Snow begin to manifest metahuman abilities; Wally suits up as the speedster Kid Flash, while Caitlin is forced to suppress her ice-powers to prevent Killer Frost from emerging. When Barry accidentally travels to the future and sees Iris killed by Savitar, he becomes desperate to change the future to prevent that from happening. After saving Iris and defeating Savitar, Barry takes his place in the Speed Force in order to repent for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17843394", "score": "1.0458066", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "The Flash (2014 TV series)", "text": "\"No sweat suits or strange code names; he \"will be\" The Flash.\" While researching the best way to depict the Flash's lightning speed, Johns stated it would not just be the standard \"blurring around\". Barry ultimately appeared twice in \"Arrow\" second season, with the planned backdoor pilot cancelled in favor of a traditional pilot by The CW executives, who had been impressed by early cuts of Barry's first two episodes on \"Arrow\". This allowed the creative team to flesh out Barry's story and his world on a bigger budget, as opposed to a backdoor pilot's constraint of incorporating characters from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17843399", "score": "1.0457051", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Eobard Thawne", "long_answer": "When Thawne reappears, he murders the revived Johnny Quick, before proceeding to trap Barry and the revived Max Mercury inside the negative Speed Force. Thawne then attempts to kill Wally West's children through their connection to the Speed Force in front of Linda Park-West, only to be stopped by Jay Garrick and Bart Allen. Thawne defeats Jay and prepares to kill Bart, but Barry, Max, Wally, Jesse Quick, and Impulse arrive to prevent the villain from doing so. In the ensuing fight, Thawne reveals that he is responsible for every tragedy that has occurred in Barry's life, including the death of his mother. Thawne then decides to destroy everything the Flash holds dear by killing Barry's wife, Iris, before they even met.", "chunked_long_answer": "When Thawne reappears, he murders the revived Johnny Quick, before proceeding to trap Barry and the revived Max Mercury inside the negative Speed Force. Thawne then attempts to kill Wally West's children through their connection to the Speed Force in front of Linda Park-West, only to be stopped by Jay Garrick and Bart Allen. Thawne defeats Jay and prepares to kill Bart, but Barry, Max, Wally, Jesse Quick, and Impulse arrive to prevent the villain from doing so. In the ensuing fight, Thawne reveals that he is responsible for every tragedy that has occurred in Barry's life, including the death of his mother. Thawne then decides to destroy everything the Flash holds dear by killing Barry's wife, Iris, before they even met.", "short_answers": [ "Thawne" ] }

[ "Jewish audiences", "to Jewish audiences" ]

[ { "title": "Acts of the Apostles", "text": "the answer it provides, and its central theme, is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it. Luke–Acts can be also seen as a defense of (or \"apology\" for) the Jesus movement addressed to the Jews: the bulk of the speeches and sermons in Acts are addressed to Jewish audiences, with the Romans serving as external arbiters on disputes concerning Jewish customs and law. On the one hand Luke portrays the Christians as a sect of the Jews, and therefore entitled to legal protection as a recognised religion; on the other, Luke seems", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Acts 8", "text": "Acts 8 Acts 8 is the eighth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the burial of Stephen, the beginnings of Christian persecution, and the spread of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the people of Samaria and Ethiopia. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The New King James Version organises this chapter as follows: The writer of Acts introduced Saul, later the Apostle Paul, as an active witness of Stephen's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18300250", "score": "1.0780941", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Acts 2", "text": "Acts 2 Acts 2 is the second chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the events on the day of Pentecost, about 10 days after the ascension of Jesus Christ. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 47 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter can be grouped: The biblical narrative of Pentecost is given in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18227045", "score": "1.0733566", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Acts of the Apostles", "text": "Acts of the Apostles Acts of the Apostles (, \"Práxeis tôn Apostólōn\"; ), often referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. Acts and the Gospel of Luke make up a two-part work, Luke–Acts, by the same anonymous author, usually dated to around 80–90 AD. The first part, the Gospel of Luke, tells how God fulfilled his plan for the world's salvation through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth, the promised Messiah. Acts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21984", "score": "1.0617945", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Acts 9", "text": "Acts 9 Acts 9 is the ninth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records Saul's conversion and the works of Saint Peter. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 43 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter can be grouped: John Gill suggested in his \"Exposition of the Bible\" that these disciples were among those dispersed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18300265", "score": "1.0571791", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Acts 19", "text": "Acts 19 Acts 19 is the nineteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records part of the third missionary journey of Paul. The author of the book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 41 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): This part of the third missionary journey of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18260090", "score": "1.0418482", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Acts 12", "text": "Acts 12 Acts 12 is the twelfth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the death of the first apostle, James, son of Zebedee, followed by the miraculous escape of Peter from prison, the death of Herod Agrippa I, and the early ministry of Barnabas and Paul of Tarsus. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 25 verses. Some most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16289517", "score": "1.0417327", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Acts 7", "text": "Acts 7 Acts 7 is the seventh chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the address of Stephen before the Sanhedrin and his execution outside Jerusalem, and introduces Saul (who later became Paul the Apostle) as 'a young man'. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 60 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter can be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18240105", "score": "1.0373356", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Luke–Acts", "text": "Luke–Acts In Biblical scholarship, Luke–Acts is the composite work of the \"Gospel of Luke\" and the \"Acts of the Apostles\" in the New Testament. Together they describe the ministry of Jesus and the subsequent ministry of the apostles and the Apostolic Age. Both the books of Luke and Acts are anonymous narratives written to a man named Theophilus. The book of Acts starts out with: \"The former treatise have I made\", probably referring to the Gospel of Luke. Almost all scholars believe that they were written by the same person. Luke–Acts has sometimes been presented as a single book in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9208570", "score": "1.0368174", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Acts 13", "text": "Acts 13 Acts 13 is the thirteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the first missionary journey of Paul and Barnabas to Cyprus and Pisidia. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 52 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): The first missionary journey of Paul and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18251738", "score": "1.0326798", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Acts 3", "text": "Acts 3 Acts 3 is the third chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the healing of a disabled person by the apostles Peter and John, and Peter's preaching at Solomon’s Portico in the Temple. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 26 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter can be grouped: The temple in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18227374", "score": "1.0325291", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Acts 20", "text": "Acts 20 Acts 20 is the twentieth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the third missionary journey of Paul. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 38 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): In the New King James Version, this chapter is sub-divided as: Eutychus was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18260143", "score": "1.0320215", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Acts 11", "text": "Acts 11 Acts 11 is the eleventh chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records that Saint Peter defends his visit to Cornelius in Caesarea and retells his vision prior to the meeting as well as the pouring of Holy Spirit during the meeting. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 30 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18247079", "score": "1.0311681", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Acts 14", "text": "Acts 14 Acts 14 is the fourteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the first missionary journey of Paul and Barnabas to Phrygia and Lycaonia. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 28 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): The first missionary journey of Paul and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18247558", "score": "1.0269629", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Acts 10", "text": "Acts 10 Acts 10 is the tenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the vision of Saint Peter and his meeting with Cornelius in Caesarea. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 48 verses. Some of the most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places: This chapter can be grouped: In the story recorded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16289522", "score": "1.0241063", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Acts 21", "text": "Acts 21 Acts 21 is the twenty-first chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the end of Paul's third missionary journey and his arrival and reception in Jerusalem. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): In the New King James Version, this chapter is sub-divided as: The James who Paul met with here was James, known as \"the brother of Jesus\", and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18258747", "score": "1.0225217", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Acts 27", "text": "Acts 27 Acts 27 is the twenty-seventh chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the journey of Paul from Caesarea heading to Rome, but stranded for a time in Malta. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 44 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions or alludes to the following places (in order of appearance):", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18259361", "score": "1.0173606", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Authorship of Luke–Acts", "text": "Authorship of Luke–Acts The authorship of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles, collectively known as Luke–Acts, is an important issue for biblical exegetes who are attempting to produce critical scholarship on the origins of the New Testament. Traditionally, the text is believed to have been written by Luke the companion of Paul (named in Colossians ). However, the earliest manuscripts are anonymous, and the traditional view has been challenged by many modern scholars. There is substantial evidence to indicate that the author of The Gospel of Luke also wrote the Book of Acts. These hypothetical connections", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13670191", "score": "1.0169479", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Acts 26", "text": "Acts 26 Acts 26 is the twenty-sixth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the period of Paul's imprisonment in Caesarea. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but Holman states that \"uniform Christian tradition affirms that Luke wrote both\" this book as well as the Gospel of Luke, as supported by Guthrie based on external evidence. In the New King James Version, this chapter is sub-divided as: Paul took up the invitation to speak: \"Agrippa said to Paul, “You are permitted to speak for yourself\" () with an account", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18259357", "score": "1.015726", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Acts 18", "text": "Acts 18 Acts 18 is the eighteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the final part of the second missionary journey of Paul, together with Silas and Timothy, and the beginning of the third missionary journey. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 28 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18257062", "score": "1.0150843", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Acts 5", "text": "Acts 5 Acts 5 is the fifth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the growth and obstacles in the early church. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 42 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter can be grouped: St. Luke had mentioned ( and ) that there was an influential party of Sadducees in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18239805", "score": "1.0104612", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Acts 11", "text": "This chapter mentions the following places: This chapter can be grouped: Acts 11 Acts 11 is the eleventh chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records that Saint Peter defends his visit to Cornelius in Caesarea and retells his vision prior to the meeting as well as the pouring of Holy Spirit during the meeting. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18247080", "score": "1.0091588", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Luke–Acts", "text": "published Bibles or New Testaments, for example, in \"The Original New Testament\" (1985) and The Books of the Bible (2007). The traditional view holds that they were written by Luke named in Colossians , a physician and follower of Paul the Apostle, but modern scholars reject that view. The work is Hellenized and written for a gentile audience. Marcion, a famous 2nd-century heretic, who used a modified form of Luke known as the Gospel of Marcion, did not use Acts, perhaps because he was unaware of it or intentionally excluded it from his biblical canon; Irenaeus, a proto-orthodox apologist, is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9208571", "score": "1.0084195", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Acts of the Apostles", "text": "the Jews). Baur continues to have enormous influence, but today there is less interest in determining the author of Acts' historical accuracy (although this has never died out) than in understanding his theological program. Luke was written to be read aloud to a group of Jesus-followers gathered in a house to share the Lord's supper. The author assumes an educated Greek-speaking audience, but directs his attention to specifically Christian concerns rather than to the Greco-Roman world at large. He begins his gospel with a preface addressed to Theophilus, informing him of his intention to provide an \"ordered account\" of events", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21998", "score": "1.0020162", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Acts 15", "text": "Acts 15 Acts 15 is the fifteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the journey of Paul and Barnabas to Jerusalem and the Council of Jerusalem. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 41 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance): The journey of Paul and Barnabas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13498487", "score": "0.9998081", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Acts of the Apostles (genre)", "text": "Through the Holy Spirit, God then empowers the apostles in their missionary work, with the ability to perform miracles such as healing the sick, casting out demons and raising the dead, while spreading Jesus' gospel. Problems such as anti-Christian persecutions, and conflicts about whether converts should first become Jewish before they can become Christians, are overcome. The \"Book of Acts\" was probably written around the year 80 or 85 CE. It is not so much concerned with historical accuracy as it is with furthering a particular theology from a certain religious point of view. All other books with similar titles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10858852", "score": "0.9982701", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Acts 4", "text": "Acts 4 Acts 4 is the fourth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the aftermath of a healing by Simon Peter and his preaching in Solomon's Portico, that Sanhedrin arrested the apostles, but had to let them go. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 37 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter can be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18242304", "score": "0.992465", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Acts of the Apostles (genre)", "text": "or simply \"Acts\", and primarily concerns the activities of Saint Peter, John the Apostle, and Paul the Apostle, who converts to Christianity in chapter 9 and becomes the main character. It is presumably the second part of a two-part work, the Canonical Gospel of Luke being the first part, with both works being addressed to Theophilus, and sharing a similar style. Almost all scholars believe that they were written by the same person. The book narrates how the resurrected Jesus makes the apostles his witnesses, and instructs them to convert all peoples to the ends of the earth (Acts 1:8).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10858851", "score": "0.99094033", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Visual Bible: Acts", "text": "The Visual Bible: Acts The Visual Bible: Acts is a 1994 Christian film that depicts the events of the Acts of the Apostles from the New Testament. All of the dialogue is word-for-word scripture, taken directly from the New International Version of the Bible. The Visual Bible project had earlier produced in 1993. Another project, also called \"Visual Bible\" produced \"The Gospel of John\" 2003. Luke tells the story here. Jesus goes to heaven after 40 days, and Judas was replaced after some lots. The holy spirit comes to Jerusalem, and they begin to tell the gospel. After being arrested", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9637009", "score": "0.9880331", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Acts 14", "text": "out with Barnabas towards (or for) Derbe. Acts 14 Acts 14 is the fourteenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the first missionary journey of Paul and Barnabas to Phrygia and Lycaonia. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. The original text is written in Koine Greek and is divided into 28 verses. Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter are: This chapter mentions the following places (in order of appearance):", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18247561", "score": "0.98720646", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Acts of the Apostles", "long_answer": "Luke–Acts is an attempt to answer a theological problem, namely how the Messiah of the Jews came to have an overwhelmingly non-Jewish church; the answer it provides, and its central theme, is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it. Luke–Acts can be also seen as a defense of (or \"apology\" for) the Jesus movement addressed to the Jews: the bulk of the speeches and sermons in Acts are addressed to Jewish audiences, with the Romans serving as external arbiters on disputes concerning Jewish customs and law. On the one hand Luke portrays the Christians as a sect of the Jews, and therefore entitled to legal protection as a recognised religion; on the other, Luke seems unclear as to the future God intends for Jews and Christians, celebrating the Jewishness of Jesus and his immediate followers while also stressing how the Jews had rejected God's promised Messiah.", "chunked_long_answer": "the answer it provides, and its central theme, is that the message of Christ was sent to the Gentiles because the Jews rejected it. Luke–Acts can be also seen as a defense of (or \"apology\" for) the Jesus movement addressed to the Jews: the bulk of the speeches and sermons in Acts are addressed to Jewish audiences, with the Romans serving as external arbiters on disputes concerning Jewish customs and law. On the one hand Luke portrays the Christians as a sect of the Jews, and therefore entitled to legal protection as a recognised religion; on the other, Luke seems", "short_answers": [ "Jewish audiences", "to Jewish audiences" ] }

[ "man" ]

[ { "title": "Gómez", "text": "It is derived from the given name Gomes which is a loanword of the Visigothic word guma \"man\". It is itself related to the Common Germanic word guma (Old English guma \"man\", Middle English gome) / gomo (High Old German gomo \"man\", Middle High German gome) related to Latin homo \"man\".", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Gómez Municipality", "text": "Gómez Municipality Gómez is a municipality of Isla Margarita in the state of Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. The municipality is in the northeast of Margarita. The capital is Santa Ana. The county is divided into five parishes: Bolivar Guevara, Matasiete, Santa Ana and Sucre. The region in the east and south of the municipality is characterized by mountain ridges with forested valleys. The northern half is lower, flatter, and much warmer than the mountains. The average annual temperature is . Annual precipitation averages . The pueblo del Norte (now Santa Ana) village was founded around 1530 under the governorship of Aldonza", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17307735", "score": "1.044447", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Gómez Municipality", "text": "6 May 1816 in the church of Santa Ana. Tourism, handicrafts and fishing are the main economic activities of the municipality. The products of the main towns and villages are: Gómez Municipality Gómez is a municipality of Isla Margarita in the state of Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. The municipality is in the northeast of Margarita. The capital is Santa Ana. The county is divided into five parishes: Bolivar Guevara, Matasiete, Santa Ana and Sucre. The region in the east and south of the municipality is characterized by mountain ridges with forested valleys. The northern half is lower, flatter, and much warmer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17307737", "score": "1.0310286", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Gómez", "text": "were residents of Mexico (frequency 1:95), 13.2% of Colombia (1:75), 10.5% of Spain (1:92), 10.2% of Argentina (1:87), 6.1% of the United States (1:1,237), 5.5% of Guatemala (1:61), 5.0% of Venezuela (1:125), 2.6% of Peru (1:250), 2.4% of Cuba (1:101), 2.3% of the Philippines (1:930), 2.0% of Honduras (1:90), 1.8% of Chile (1:207), 1.7% of the Dominican Republic (1:125), 1.5% of Paraguay (1:99), 1.4% of Ecuador (1:241), 1.2% of El Salvador (1:110) and 1.1% of Nicaragua (1:111). In Spain, the frequency of the surname was higher than national average (1:92) in the following autonomous communities: In Guatemala, the frequency of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5829674", "score": "0.93973017", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Gomez Addams", "text": "Gomez Addams Gomez Addams is the patriarch of The Addams Family, created by cartoonist Charles Addams for \"The New Yorker\" magazine in the 1930s, and subsequently portrayed in television, film and stage. In Charles Addams's original cartoons, Gomez was the nameless patriarch of the Family. He had a somewhat grotesque appearance, with a tubby body, a snub-nose, a crooked tooth and a receding chin. He was often depicted reading in the den or lounging on the windowsill. In the Charles Addams cartoons, Gomez—as with all of the members of the family—had no given name. When \"The Addams Family\" 1964 television", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3718388", "score": "0.93822086", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Gomez (band)", "text": "Gomez (band) Gomez are an English indie rock band from Southport, comprising Ian Ball (vocals, guitar), Paul \"Blackie\" Blackburn (bass), Tom Gray (vocals, guitars, keyboards), Ben Ottewell (vocals, guitars) and Olly Peacock (drums, synths, computers). The band has three singers and four songwriters, employing traditional and electronic instruments. Their music covers the genres blues, indie, alternative, rock, folk, psychedelic and experimental. Their first album, \"Bring It On\", won the Mercury Music Prize in 1998. Later awards came from the \"NME\" and \"Q Magazine\" along with a Brit Awards nomination. Gomez began their career on Hut records (Virgin), signing in 1997.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2606213", "score": "0.8953421", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Avelino Gomez", "text": "Avelino Gomez Avelino Gomez (1928 – June 21, 1980) was a Cuban-born Hall of Fame jockey in American and Canadian thoroughbred horse racing. Born in Havana, Gomez began a career as a jockey at the urging of a family member. He won his first race in Mexico City and later moved to the United States, where he built a reputation as a very capable rider, gaining considerable attention after winning six races during one racecard at Ascot Park in Akron, Ohio. He eventually began riding at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, where he made his home and became a dominant", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7218413", "score": "0.8842199", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Logan Gomez", "text": "Logan Gomez Logan Gomez (born December 16, 1988) is an American race car driver from Crown Point, Indiana who most notably competed in the Firestone Indy Lights Series (formerly the Indy Pro Series). He made his debut at the 2006 Liberty Challenge at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway road course while competing in the Star Mazda series full-time. He moved full-time to the Indy Pro Series in 2007 by bringing iSilon Systems backing to fund a ride at Sam Schmidt Motorsports. Gomez finished 7th in points and captured one win in the final race of the season at Chicagoland Speedway by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11007888", "score": "0.88257337", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "George Gomez", "text": "George Gomez George Gomez is an industrial designer, video game designer, and pinball designer who has worked for Bally, Williams, and Stern Pinball, among other companies. He worked on the team that created the \"Tron\" video game, and headed the team that created \"Spy Hunter\". In 1984 after the 1983 video game crash, he left Midway to invent toys at the consulting firm Marvin Glass & Associates. After Glass he worked on numerous projects through the contract manufacturer Grand products, including the Battletech Centers and several Sega video games of the late 80's. In '93 he went to Williams Electronics", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13536754", "score": "0.880512", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Robin Gomez", "text": "Robin Gomez Robin Gomez (born October 15, 1981 in Prince Rupert, British Columbia) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player, currently a Free Agent. He most recently played for the Bloomington PrairieThunder of the now defunct International Hockey League Gomez began his career playing junior level hockey for the Calgary Hitmen in the WHL. Gomez played two full seasons for the Hitmen, clocking up 121 games in the process. He would start the 2001/02 season as a Calgary player but would almost immediately transfer to another WHL team, the Seattle Thunderbirds, where he would manage a ratio of a point", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11190069", "score": "0.87778497", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Gomez Addams", "text": "series was being developed, Charles Addams suggested naming the character either Repelli or Gomez. Addams left the final choice up to portrayer John Astin, who chose Gomez. Because \"Gómez\" is usually recognized as a family name in Spanish-speaking countries, in Hispanic America the character's name was changed to \"Homero\" (\"Homer\"). Like the other members of the family, Gomez's personality became largely codified by the television series. Gomez is of Castilian extraction. John Astin had long sessions with Addams and series producer David Levy, who gave him free rein in developing the character. Enlarging on Addams' description of Gomez as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3718389", "score": "0.87741494", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Rodrigo Gómez (Argentine footballer)", "text": "minute, replacing Franco Fragapane. Rodrigo Gómez (Argentine footballer) Rodrigo Manuel Gómez born (2 January 1993) is an Argentine football midfielder who currently plays for Unión de Santa Fe in the Argentine Primera División on loan from Toluca. While at Argentinos Juniors, Gomez made 39 league appearances, scoring four goals. His debut came on 4 May 2013 in a 2-1 loss to Lanús, in which he played all 90 minutes. His first goal came on 2 June 2013 in a 2-0 win over River Plate. His goal, assisted by Pedro Pablo Hernández, came in the 87th minute. In August 2014, Gomez", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19595957", "score": "0.875111", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Maiden and married names", "text": "family names (surnames), the father's and the mother's (except in Argentina, where only the rich use this as symbol of status). Any children a couple have together take both first-surnames, so if \"José Gómez Hevia\" and \"María Reyes García\" had a child named \"Andrés\", the resulting name would be \"Andrés Gómez Reyes\". In Spain, a 1995 reform in the law allows the parents to choose whether the father's or the mother's surname goes first, although this order must be the same for all their children. For instance, the name of the son of the couple in the example above could", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "719662", "score": "0.8750643", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Christian Gómez", "text": "Christian Gómez Christian Gómez (born November 7, 1974 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine footballer currently playing for Nueva Chicago. Gómez began playing professional soccer at the age of 17 with Argentine club Nueva Chicago, which was at the time playing in the second division. He played with the team from 1991 to 1996, appearing in 155 games and scoring 46 goals. In 1997, Gómez moved to one of Argentina's largest and most successful clubs, CA Independiente, which he would play for from 1997 to 1999, scoring 12 goals in 80 games. In the middle of 1999, he moved to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4073472", "score": "0.87245345", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Surname", "text": "the\", when the following word is masculine) or \"de la\" (\"of the\", when the following word is feminine). For example, if \"Clara Reyes Alba\" were to marry \"Alberto Gómez Rodríguez\", the wife could use \"Clara Reyes \"de\" Gómez\" as her name (or \"Clara Reyes Gómez\", or, rarely, \"Clara Gómez Reyes\". She can be addressed as \"Sra. de Gómez\" corresponding to \"Mrs Gómez\"). In some countries, this form may be mainly social and not an official name change, i.e. her name would still legally be her birth name. This custom of adding the husband's surname is slowly fading. Sometimes a father", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "798462", "score": "0.87108487", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Marga Gomez", "text": "Marga Gomez Marga Gomez is a Puerto Rican/Cuban-American comedian, playwright, and humorist. She is openly lesbian. Gomez got her start in the gay comedy clubs of San Francisco in the mid-1980s, including the Valencia Rose Cabaret founded by Ron Lanza and Hank Wilson. She tours nationally in concert, at universities, nightclubs, cruiseships, and political events. She has appeared on HBO's \"Comic Relief\", Showtime's \"Latino Laugh Festival\", Comedy Central's \"Out There\" and the PBS series \"In The Life\". Marga's comedy recording, \"Hung Like a Fly\", is available on Uproar Records. She is profiled in the 2003 award-winning documentary \"Laughing Matters\" along", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8736474", "score": "0.8703546", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Germán Gómez", "text": "Germán Gómez Germán Gómez Gómez (Santander, Cantabria, 5 January 1914 – Madrid, 22 March 2004) was a Spanish professional footballer who played for Racing Santander and Atlético Madrid. Gómez joined Atlético (at that time known as (\"Athletic Aviación de Madrid\") in 1939 from Racing, where he had played his first La Liga matches prior to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War and a three-year interruption. He spent eight seasons with \"Atléti\", forming a formidable partnership with and Ramón Gabilondo in the midfield. Under manager Ricardo Zamora, Gómez was able to win successive league titles and was club captain for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14753816", "score": "0.8700313", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Ángel Gómez (footballer, born 1985)", "text": "Ángel Gómez (footballer, born 1985) Ángel Lorenzo Gómez (born 4 October 1985) is an Argentine footballer who plays as a midfielder for Atlético Uruguay. Gimnasia y Esgrima became Gómez's second career club in 2003, with the midfielder signing from Club Don Bosco. He made three professional appearances for Gimnasia y Esgrima throughout the 2003–04 Primera B Nacional campaign. They suffered relegation in that season, with Gómez subsequently netting one goal in eleven Torneo Argentino A appearances over one season. 2005 saw Gómez return to Club Don Bosco, prior to agreeing to join Atlético Uruguay of Torneo Argentino B. He remained", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20946435", "score": "0.8698401", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Francisco Gomez (soccer)", "text": "Francisco Gomez (soccer) Francisco Gomez (born January 25, 1979 in Watsonville, California) is a retired American soccer player. Gomez joined the Kansas City Wizards in 1999, after playing briefly with the California Jaguars of the A-League. He saw little playing time in his first two years, however - as a rookie, he appeared in seven games, scoring one goal, while in his second year he appeared in 14 (seven starts), scoring two goals and one assist. Gomez played a key role in Kansas City's road to MLS Cup 2000 scoring the game winner in quarterfinal game against the Colorado Rapids.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4063350", "score": "0.86969054", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Rafa Gómez", "text": "Rafa Gómez Rafael 'Rafa' Gómez Llorens (born 23 May 1983) is a Spanish footballer who plays for CF La Nucía as a forward. Gómez was born in Alicante, Valencian Community. After five years at local Elche CF where he did not receive one single first-team opportunity, he played in the following years mostly in the fourth division, but also spent some months in the fifth with Torrellano Illice CF, also in his native region. In the 2009 summer, after helping CD Alcoyano to the (unsuccessful) promotion playoffs to the second level, Gómez signed a two-year deal with first club Elche,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13919492", "score": "0.86814344", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Obed Gómez", "text": "Obed Gómez Obed Gómez a.k.a. \"The Puerto Rican Picasso\" (born 1966) is a Puerto Rican artist of modern art. Gómez was born and raised in Santurce, a section of in San Juan, the capital city of Puerto Rico. His grandmother was the first to believe that someday he would become an artist when she saw him drawing at the age of three. He received his primary education in a public school, however when he was eleven he took private art classes. He was sent to the League of Art of San Juan, where he took classes in drawing and painting.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6484267", "score": "0.86578035", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "García Gómez", "text": "García Gómez García Gómez (died after 1017) was a Leonese count, at least from 971. He was the eldest son of Gómez Díaz and Muniadomna Fernández, daughter of Fernán González, Count of Castile. From his father, the head of the Banu Gómez family, he inherited the counties of Saldaña, Carrión, and Liébana. By a charter dated 15 May 984 García donated some property at Calzadilla de Cueza to the Monastery of Sahagún. On 1 September 986 he witnessed a donation of his supposed uncle Osorio Díaz of the \"villa Arcello\" to the same monastery. García married Muniadomna, daughter of Gonzalo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13257892", "score": "0.8651444", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Surname", "text": "\"Andrés Gómez Reyes\" and \"Ana Gómez Reyes\". In Spain, a 1995 reform in the law allows the parents to choose whether the father's or the mother's surname goes first, although this order must be the same for all their children. For instance, the name of the son of the couple in the example above could be either \"Andrés Gómez Reyes\" or \"Andrés Reyes Gómez\". Sometimes, for single mothers or when the father would or could not recognize the child, the mother's surname has been used twice: for example, \"Ana Reyes Reyes\". In Spain, however, children with just one parent receive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "798464", "score": "0.8642538", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Tomas Gomez", "text": "Tomas Gomez Tomas Gomez (born May 20, 1993) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Saint Louis FC in the United Soccer League. Gomez played fours years of college soccer at Georgetown University between 2011 and 2014. Gomez also played with Orlando City U-23 in 2013 to 2014. On January 20, 2015, Gomez was selected in the third round (60th overall) in the 2015 MLS SuperDraft by Columbus Crew. He wasn't signed by Columbus, instead joining San Jose Earthquakes on March 26, 2015. After his release from San Jose, Gomez signed with United Soccer League side Rochester Rhinos", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19467459", "score": "0.86390513", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Michael Gomez", "text": "an amateur before turning professional in June 1995. He chose the professional surname \"Gomez\" when the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBoC) required him to select another name at the time of his registration as a professional; there was another boxer in the same weight division using the name \"Michael Armstrong\". He chose his ring name in honour of Puerto Rican boxer Wilfredo Gómez, whose videotaped fights Armstrong had studied intently as a youth. The name, combined with Gomez's \"brawling style\", earned him the nickname of \"the Irish Mexican\". He developed a ring persona based on this nickname, which has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12084570", "score": "0.8632709", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Franklin Gómez", "text": "Franklin Gómez Franklin Gómez Matos (born August 5, 1986) is a Dominican born freestyle wrestler who represents Puerto Rico. Gómez was born in Puerto Plata Province in the Dominican Republic. His father, Eugenio Gómez, was a fisherman and his mother, Margarita Matos, was a housewife. In 1991, Franklin's father died as a consequence of medical malpractice. As a result, his mother decided to move to Puerto Rico, along with Franklin and her other two sons: Emanuel and Abel. During childhood, Gómez played basketball and baseball. He began wrestling when he was 12 years old, training at Club Sparta in San", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15924050", "score": "0.86025167", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Ángel Gómez (footballer, born 1985)", "text": "the 2015–16 Copa Argentina. Gómez left to rejoin Atlético Uruguay at the conclusion of that season. Ángel Gómez (footballer, born 1985) Ángel Lorenzo Gómez (born 4 October 1985) is an Argentine footballer who plays as a midfielder for Atlético Uruguay. Gimnasia y Esgrima became Gómez's second career club in 2003, with the midfielder signing from Club Don Bosco. He made three professional appearances for Gimnasia y Esgrima throughout the 2003–04 Primera B Nacional campaign. They suffered relegation in that season, with Gómez subsequently netting one goal in eleven Torneo Argentino A appearances over one season. 2005 saw Gómez return to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20946437", "score": "0.85950375", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Gomez (band)", "text": "played its first gig together in 1996 in Leeds at the Hyde Park Social Club on Ash Grove. At the time, they did not have a formal name. The band left a sign out which read \"Gomez in here\", for a friend of theirs whose surname was Gomez, to indicate that it was the site of their first gig. People saw the sign and assumed that the band's name was Gomez. The name stuck. The band started recording four-track demos in Peacock's father's garage in Southport during the summer of 1996. The demos were handed to Stephen Fellows (later manager/Comsat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2606217", "score": "0.8588764", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Rafa Gómez", "text": "with the side in that same tier. Two years later, he returned to his previous team. Rafa Gómez Rafael 'Rafa' Gómez Llorens (born 23 May 1983) is a Spanish footballer who plays for CF La Nucía as a forward. Gómez was born in Alicante, Valencian Community. After five years at local Elche CF where he did not receive one single first-team opportunity, he played in the following years mostly in the fourth division, but also spent some months in the fifth with Torrellano Illice CF, also in his native region. In the 2009 summer, after helping CD Alcoyano to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13919493", "score": "0.85829157", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Rodrigo Gómez (Argentine footballer)", "text": "Rodrigo Gómez (Argentine footballer) Rodrigo Manuel Gómez born (2 January 1993) is an Argentine football midfielder who currently plays for Unión de Santa Fe in the Argentine Primera División on loan from Toluca. While at Argentinos Juniors, Gomez made 39 league appearances, scoring four goals. His debut came on 4 May 2013 in a 2-1 loss to Lanús, in which he played all 90 minutes. His first goal came on 2 June 2013 in a 2-0 win over River Plate. His goal, assisted by Pedro Pablo Hernández, came in the 87th minute. In August 2014, Gomez was sold to Independiente", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19595954", "score": "0.8564721", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Gómez", "long_answer": "It is derived from the given name Gomes which is a loanword of the Visigothic word guma \"man\". It is itself related to the Common Germanic word guma (Old English guma \"man\", Middle English gome) / gomo (High Old German gomo \"man\", Middle High German gome) related to Latin homo \"man\".", "chunked_long_answer": "It is derived from the given name Gomes which is a loanword of the Visigothic word guma \"man\". It is itself related to the Common Germanic word guma (Old English guma \"man\", Middle English gome) / gomo (High Old German gomo \"man\", Middle High German gome) related to Latin homo \"man\".", "short_answers": [ "man" ] }

[ "1988", "2009" ]

[ { "title": "Pi Day", "text": "In 1988, the earliest known official or large-scale celebration of Pi Day was organized by Larry Shaw at the San Francisco Exploratorium, where Shaw worked as a physicist, with staff and public marching around one of its circular spaces, then consuming fruit pies. The Exploratorium continues to hold Pi Day celebrations.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Pi Day", "text": "2, also known by the Greek letter tau (τ) is a common multiple in mathematical formulae. Some have argued that τ is the more fundamental constant, and that Tau Day should be celebrated instead. Celebrations of this date jokingly suggest eating \"twice the pie\". Princeton, New Jersey, hosts numerous events in a combined celebration of Pi Day and Albert Einstein's birthday, which is also March 14. Einstein lived in Princeton for more than twenty years while working at the Institute for Advanced Study. In addition to pie eating and recitation contests, there is an annual Einstein look-alike contest. Pi Day", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "337385", "score": "0.9664662", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Pi Day", "text": "and for the 30th anniversary in 2018, it was a Dominique Ansel pie with the circumference divided by its diameter. The entire month of March 2014 (3/14) was observed by some as \"Pi Month\". In the year 2015, March 14 was celebrated as \"Super Pi Day\". It had special significance, as the date is written as 3/14/15 in month/day/year format. At 9:26:53, the date and time together represented the first 10 digits of . Pi Day has been observed in many ways, including eating pie, throwing pies and discussing the significance of the number , due to a pun based", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "337383", "score": "0.94692683", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Pi Day", "text": "on the words \"pi\" and \"pie\" being homophones in English (), and the coincidental circular nature of a pie. Massachusetts Institute of Technology has often mailed its application decision letters to prospective students for delivery on Pi Day. Starting in 2012, MIT has announced it will post those decisions (privately) online on Pi Day at exactly 6:28 pm, which they have called \"Tau Time\", to honor the rival numbers pi and tau equally. In 2015, the regular decisions were put online at 9:26 AM, following that year's \"pi minute\". June 28 is \"Two Pi Day\", also known as \"Tau Day\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "337384", "score": "0.91864085", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Pi", "text": "in one turn, or as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its radius rather than its diameter, is more natural than and simplifies many formulas. Celebrations of this number, because it approximately equals 6.28, by making 28 June \"Tau Day\" and eating \"twice the pie\", have been reported in the media. However, this use of has not made its way into mainstream mathematics. In 1897, an amateur American mathematician attempted to persuade the Indiana legislature to pass the Indiana Pi Bill, which described a method to square the circle and contained text that implied various incorrect values for ,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318257", "score": "0.9097155", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Pi Day Die Day", "text": "Pi Day Die Day Pi Day Die Day is a 2016 horror comedy produced by One Stoplight Productions and Cullen Park Productions that revolves around a group of detectives seeking to thwart the plans of a killer at a local high school on Pi Day. It was directed by Michael E. Cullen II and written by Lindsey LaForest and stars Ari Lehman. Shot on location in Ohio, a fundraising campaign was started on Indiegogo to help supplement the film's budget. The film had its official premiere on March 12, 2016, gathering mixed reviews, and was also released on home media.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20210007", "score": "0.88229", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "American Pie Council", "text": "Colorado teacher Charlie Papazian after he declared his birthday to be National Pie Day. This should not be confused with Pi Day which the U.S. Congress recognizes as March 14. In 2014, the APC partnered with Paramount Pictures in promoting the romantic thriller film \"Labor Day\" in conjunction with National Pie Day. (A pie-making scene features prominently in the film, and the film's general release was within a few days of National Pie Day.) The APC distributed a promotional poster to pie shops and bakeries featuring images of the film's stars Kate Winslet, Josh Brolin, and Gattlin Griffith in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9169161", "score": "0.85972965", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "University of Waterloo Faculty of Mathematics", "text": "student interests to the university, operates the Math Coffee and Donut Shop, publishes the Faculty newspaper \"mathNEWS\", and runs student services including an exam bank and lounge space. Pi Day is celebrated by the Department in each term: on 14 March (3/14), on 22 July (22/7, Pi Approximation Day), and on 10 November (the 314th day of the year). Typical activities include throwing pie at MathSoc executives and/or popular professors, viewing mathematics-related films, competing in pi recitation contests, and eating pie (on 22/7, cake is served instead, which is approximately pie). A yearly tradition at the University of Waterloo, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7317986", "score": "0.8556268", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Steak and Blowjob Day", "text": "radio host Dave Rickards in 1998, or because the latter coincides with Pi Day, which observes the mathematical constant (pi). Suggestions have been made of a female equivalent of the day, such as \"Chicken and Licking Day\" on March 15. According to the women's historian Lois Banner, the day appeared to be part of the backlash against the feminist movement, moving toward a version of human interaction inherent to hookup culture, and that men \"are really frightened because women are outperforming them\". Activist Feminista Jones argues that it limits women's freedom of choice, thus being in the mainstream of traditional", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20442244", "score": "0.8538824", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Larry Shaw (Pi)", "text": "in 1985. He served several terms as president. \"He was a true bodhisattva, always willing and able to help all in need, and to share his knowledge and insights. All who knew him attest to his extreme good cheer, contagious enthusiasm, amazing range of interests, seemingly in-exhaustible energy, and genuine, unforced loving regard toward everyone.\" Larry Shaw (Pi) Lawrence N. Shaw (August 12, 1939 – August 19, 2017) was an American physicist, curator, artist and founder of Pi Day. Larry Shaw worked at the Exploratorium for 33 years, performing just about every function for the museum. He was a key", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11696372", "score": "0.8517291", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Piscola", "text": "Piscola Piscola or Combinado Nacional (national mix) is a highball cocktail, made of pisco and most commonly a cola drink, that is popular in Chile. A piscola may be \"black\" or \"white\" depending if it is mixed with a cola or ginger ale, Tonic, Sprite or a similar soft drink. The drink is prepared by filling a highball glass with ice and then adding pisco followed by the soft drink in a proportion ranging from 1:1 to 1:3. Sometimes slices of lemon or key lime may be added. In Chile, February 8 has been celebrated as the \"day of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6414178", "score": "0.851685", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "St Piran's Day", "text": "in Penzance. The phrase 'drunk as a perraner' was used in 19th century Cornwall to describe people who had consumed large quantities of alcohol. The modern observance of St Piran's day as a national symbol of the people of Cornwall started in the late 19th and early 20th century when Celtic Revivalists sought to provide the people of Cornwall with a national day similar to those observed in other nations. Since the 1950s, the celebration has become increasingly observed and since the start of the 21st century almost every Cornish community holds some sort of celebration to mark the event.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9356879", "score": "0.8339759", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Life of Pi", "text": "Life of Pi Life of Pi is a Canadian fantasy adventure novel by Yann Martel published in 2001. The protagonist is Piscine Molitor \"Pi\" Patel, an Indian boy from Pondicherry who explores issues of spirituality and practicality from an early age. He survives 227 days after a shipwreck while stranded on a lifeboat in the Pacific Ocean with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. The novel has sold more than ten million copies worldwide. It was rejected by at least five London publishing houses before being accepted by Knopf Canada, which published it in September 2001. The UK edition won", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2491193", "score": "0.83318937", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Pikachu", "text": "Joan Wagnon renamed the town \"Topikachu\" for a day, and a \"got milk?\" advertisement featured Pikachu on April 25, 2000. A Pikachu balloon has been featured in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade since 2001. The original balloon was flown for the last time publicly at the \"Party of the Decade\" on August 8, 2006 in Bryant Park in New York City, and a new Pikachu balloon that chases a Poké Ball and has light-up cheeks debuted at the 2006 parade. In the 2014 parade, a new Pikachu balloon was wearing a green scarf and holding a smaller Pikachu snowman. During", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1935866", "score": "0.83253706", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Public information film", "text": "to turn to third-party filler material to deal with unused airtime during breaks or junctions means they are now only seen rarely, usually in night time spots. Fillers are still produced and distributed by the Cabinet Office by the Filler Marketing team. The COI closed on 30 December 2011 after 65 years, and no longer makes PIFs. However, there are a few companies still distributing PIFs, such as THINK!, Fire Kills, DOE, National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC), and National Rail. Some advertisements and charity appeals have gained the status of honorary PIF among fans, including", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5234665", "score": "0.8325189", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Pi", "text": "included an error beginning at the 528th digit. The error was detected in 1946 and corrected in 1949. In Carl Sagan's novel \"Contact\" it is suggested that the creator of the universe buried a message deep within the digits of . The digits of have also been incorporated into the lyrics of the song \"Pi\" from the album \"Aerial\" by Kate Bush. In the United States, Pi Day falls on 14 March (written 3/14 in the US style), and is popular among students. and its digital representation are often used by self-described \"math geeks\" for inside jokes among mathematically and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318255", "score": "0.8301364", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Pixie Day", "text": "Pixie Day Pixie Day is a tradition that takes place in Ottery St. Mary, England, annually on the Saturday nearest Mid-Summer's Day in June. Dating from 1954, and based on a pamphlet written by R. F. Delderfield for the 500th anniversary of the installation of the bells of the Church of St. Mary, the event commemorates a legend of Ottery St. Mary's 'pixies' being banished from the town (where they caused havoc) to a local cave known as 'Pixies' Parlour'. The celebrations begin in the early afternoon when a large fête takes place on the Land of Caanan park. At", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3044947", "score": "0.8255725", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Pikkujoulu", "text": "is the first day when tasting home-made beer is allowed. In Sweden, the Tuomas nameday evening is called \"Lilla jul\" (\"little Christmas\"). In time, the tradition evolved to the Saint Lucy's Day celebration, which still resembles the Finnish Pikkujoulu. Pikkujoulu Pikkujoulu (Finnish for \"little Christmas\") is a Finnish traditional party held to anticipate Christmas. The Pikkujoulu party is non-formal, highly festive, and themed after Christmas. Pikkujoulu parties are held by various communities, organisations, companies, or just among friends. Pikkujoulu differs from Christmas as more free-form and less religious. Traditionally, Pikkujoulu is a day when Christmas dishes are served for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17710979", "score": "0.81957424", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Pixinguinha", "text": "his birthday, April 23, is today commemorated as the National Day of Choro in Brazil. The day was officially established in 2000 after a campaign by bandolim player Hamilton de Holanda and his students at the Raphael Rabello School of Choro. In November 2016, however, it was discovered that Pixinguinha's real birth date was May 4, and not April 23. Despite that, Brazil's National Day of Choro remained unaltered. Compared to the older \"chorões\" of the late 19th century from which he drew inspiration, Pixinguinha's compositions were more sophisticated in their use of harmony, rhythm and counterpoint. Whereas many of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4527352", "score": "0.8140011", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "St Piran's Day", "text": "signatures required. Towns and cities that give their staff an annual day off work for St Piran's Day: Schools that give parents the option of taking their children out of school for the day: St Piran's Day St Piran's Day () is the county day of Cornwall, held on 5 March every year. The day is named after one of the patron saints of Cornwall, Saint Piran, who is also the patron saint of tin miners. St Piran's Day started as one of the many tinners' holidays observed by the tin miners of Cornwall. Other miners' holidays of a similar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9356882", "score": "0.80720174", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Pi", "text": "technologically minded groups. Several college cheers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology include \"3.14159\". Pi Day in 2015 was particularly significant because the date and time 3/14/15 9:26:53 reflected many more digits of pi. During the 2011 auction for Nortel's portfolio of valuable technology patents, Google made a series of unusually specific bids based on mathematical and scientific constants, including . In 1958 Albert Eagle proposed replacing by (tau), where , to simplify formulas. However, no other authors are known to use in this way. Some people use a different value, , arguing that , as the number of radians", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318256", "score": "0.80547947", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "New Mexicans for Science and Reason", "text": "1, 1998 by Thomas who later that day confessed to the hoax. Several clues were included in the original post, including the author being named \"April Holiday\", and the article being posted on April Fools' Day. A few weeks later Thomas checked back on talk.origins website and elsewhere on the Internet by searching for the phrase \"Alabama Pi\", to his surprise he received \"hundreds of hits\". In some cases the \"Associmated Press\" was dropped and attributed to other sources, some people realized it was a hoax, while others clearly did not. On April 1, 1999, Stefan, who was studying at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18470737", "score": "0.8053837", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "St Piran's Day", "text": "be a favourite with the tinners who having a tradition that some secrets regarding the manufacture of tin were communicated to their ancestors by that saint, they leave the manufacture to shift for itself for that day, and keep it as a holiday.\" There is little description of specific traditions associated with this day apart from the consumption of large amounts of alcohol and food during 'Perrantide', the week leading up to 5 March. The day following the St Piran's Day was known by many as 'Mazey Day', a term which has now been adopted by the revived Golowan festival", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9356878", "score": "0.8042445", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Pi", "text": "Pi The number () is a mathematical constant. Originally defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, it now has various equivalent definitions and appears in many formulas in all areas of mathematics and physics. It is approximately equal to 3.14159. It has been represented by the Greek letter \"\" since the mid-18th century, though it is also sometimes spelled out as \"pi\". It is also called Archimedes' constant. Being an irrational number, cannot be expressed as a common fraction (equivalently, its decimal representation never ends and never settles into a permanently repeating pattern). Still, fractions such", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "318166", "score": "0.80220455", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Piscola", "text": "piscola\" since 2003. Piscola Piscola or Combinado Nacional (national mix) is a highball cocktail, made of pisco and most commonly a cola drink, that is popular in Chile. A piscola may be \"black\" or \"white\" depending if it is mixed with a cola or ginger ale, Tonic, Sprite or a similar soft drink. The drink is prepared by filling a highball glass with ice and then adding pisco followed by the soft drink in a proportion ranging from 1:1 to 1:3. Sometimes slices of lemon or key lime may be added. In Chile, February 8 has been celebrated as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6414179", "score": "0.7940415", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "New Mexicans for Science and Reason", "text": "with local media by providing them with information during flareups\". The organization's official newsletter is \"NMSR Reports\". In April 1998, an article appeared in NMSR Reports stating that the state of Alabama intended to change the definition of pi to three, supposedly to bring it in line with the Christian \"Bible's\" statements on the matter. The article, which was satirical, was originally attributed to \"April Holiday\" of the \"Associmated Press\" \"[sic]\", but was really written by NMSR board member Mark Boslough. In addition to its appearance in \"NMSR Reports\", the story was only posted in the talk.origins newsgroup on April", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18470736", "score": "0.789639", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Pi (instrument)", "text": "made from wood or ivory. It is presumed Thais took on introducing the pi chawa as same time as the glong khaek. From some evidence, they used pi chawa in \"Krabuan Phayuhayattra\" (กระบวนพยุหยาตรา, military march) in the pre-Ayutthaya period. The \"pi chawa\" today is used mostly during funeral rites. A pi chum (Thai: ปี่จุม) is a musical instrument from northern Thailand. It is like an oboe. It is found in the provinces of Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampoon and Lampang. People play a pi chum for their activity. The word \"chum\" in Thai means \"group\", so when people play a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7325636", "score": "0.78895", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Pi Day Die Day", "text": "writes that \"the schizophrenic mix of both practical and CGI effects\" overwhelm the \"entertaining\" aspects of the film. \"Reverend Leviathan\", writing for the web magazine \"DarkestMagazine Goth\", gave the film a positive review, lauding in particular the \"tongue-in-cheek humor\" and the \"surprise ending\". Pi Day Die Day Pi Day Die Day is a 2016 horror comedy produced by One Stoplight Productions and Cullen Park Productions that revolves around a group of detectives seeking to thwart the plans of a killer at a local high school on Pi Day. It was directed by Michael E. Cullen II and written by Lindsey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20210010", "score": "0.7888468", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Pi Mensae", "text": "massive planets ever discovered, and has a very eccentric orbit that takes approximately 2,151 days (5.89 years) to complete. Because of its eccentricity, and being a massive superjovian that passes through the habitable zone, it would have disrupted the orbits of any Earth-like planets, and possibly thrown them into the star, or out into the interstellar medium. Incorporating more accurate Hipparcos data yields a mass range for the companion to be anywhere from 10.27 to 29.9 times that of Jupiter, confirming its substellar nature with the upper limit of mass putting it in the brown dwarf range. Pi Mensae was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10259346", "score": "0.78868306", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Albert Einstein in popular culture", "text": "the subject of many quotes that have especially become popular in the internet age and are falsely attributed to him, including \"the definition of insanity\". In 1999, leading physicists voted Einstein the \"greatest physicist ever\". His birthday, March 14, is also Pi Day, so called because 3/14 corresponds to 3.14, the first three digits of the number Pi. The town of Princeton, New Jersey, where Einstein lived for more than 20 years, celebrates March 14 every year as \"Princeton Pi Day and Einstein Birthday Party.\" The children's television show \"Little Einsteins\" and the educational toys and videos of the Baby", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10599172", "score": "0.7873602", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "Pi Day", "long_answer": "In 1988, the earliest known official or large-scale celebration of Pi Day was organized by Larry Shaw at the San Francisco Exploratorium, where Shaw worked as a physicist, with staff and public marching around one of its circular spaces, then consuming fruit pies. The Exploratorium continues to hold Pi Day celebrations.", "chunked_long_answer": "In 1988, the earliest known official or large-scale celebration of Pi Day was organized by Larry Shaw at the San Francisco Exploratorium, where Shaw worked as a physicist, with staff and public marching around one of its circular spaces, then consuming fruit pies. The Exploratorium continues to hold Pi Day celebrations.", "short_answers": [ "1988" ] }

[ "Stanton, Giancarlo", "Giancarlo Stanton" ]

[ { "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", "text": "The award's only tie occurred in the National League in 1979, when Keith Hernandez and Willie Stargell received an equal number of points. There have been 18 unanimous winners, who received all the first-place votes. The New York Yankees have the most winning players with 22, followed by the St. Louis Cardinals with 17 winners. The award has never been presented to a member of the following three teams: Arizona Diamondbacks, New York Mets, and Tampa Bay Rays. The most recent recipients are José Altuve in the American League and Giancarlo Stanton in the National League.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "1979 Major League Baseball All-Star Game", "text": "the MVP award for and teammate Willie Stargell winning the National League MVP, NLCS MVP, and World Series MVP, all four possible MVP awards for the season were won by members of the Pittsburgh Pirates. The game was also notable for the play of Lee Mazzilli, providing the margin of victory. In his only All Star appearance, Mazzilli tied the game in the eighth inning with a pinch hit home run off of Jim Kern of the Texas Rangers, and then put the National League ahead for good in the ninth, drawing a bases-loaded walk against Ron Guidry of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10806846", "score": "1.0104706", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Joe Morgan", "text": "Dave Concepción, led the Reds to consecutive championships in the World Series. He drove in Ken Griffey for the winning run in Game 7 of the 1975 World Series. Morgan was also the National League MVP in and . He was the first second baseman in the history of the National League to win the MVP back to back. In Morgan's NL MVP years he batted .327 with 17 Home Runs & 94 RBIs in 1975 and he batted .320 with 27 Home Runs, 111 RBIs, & 60 stolen bases in 1976. Morgan was an extremely capable hitter—especially in clutch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2749512", "score": "1.0071809", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Carlos González (baseball)", "text": "player.\" Only five other players in major league baseball history had completed a cycle with a game-ending homer: Ken Boyer (), César Tovar (1972), George Brett (), Dwight Evans (). and Nolan Arenado (2017) In 2010, González garnered serious consideration as a candidate for the National League MVP award, along with St. Louis Cardinals first baseman Albert Pujols and Cincinnati Reds first baseman Joey Votto, as well as a Triple Crown candidate with the above-mentioned first basemen. However, González fell short on home runs and narrowly missed having the most RBI, but did manage to win the NL batting title", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10727245", "score": "0.9893745", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Kirk Gibson", "text": "which had finished 4th in the NL West the previous season, for its unprofessionalism. He became the team's \"de facto\" leader, and won a controversial NL MVP award after batting .290 with 25 home runs, 76 RBIs, 106 runs, and 31 stolen bases. While he didn't lead the league in any major category, the intensity and leadership he brought to an increasingly successful team likely won him the award over players with more impressive statistics. (MVP runner-up Darryl Strawberry of the New York Mets, for example, led the NL with 39 home runs that season.) In the 1988 National League", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2910031", "score": "0.9798545", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Ryan Howard", "text": "the 2005 winner of both awards. On the same day, following a 5–3 win over Nippon Professional Baseball that capped a five-game international sweep by the MLB in the Major League Baseball Japan All-Star Series, Howard was named the Series MVP; he hit .558 with eight runs, three doubles, four homers and eight RBI. On November 10, Howard was awarded the National League Silver Slugger Award at first base. On November 20, Howard won the National League MVP award, and became one of four players in baseball history to win the Rookie of the Year and MVP awards in consecutive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5552145", "score": "0.96885246", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Tug McGraw", "text": "won the National League Cy Young Award, and slugging third baseman Mike Schmidt was the unanimous NL MVP. McGraw received consideration in balloting for both awards as well, finishing fifth in Cy Young balloting, and sixteenth for league MVP. McGraw pitched in all five games of the 1980 National League Championship Series against the Houston Astros. The Phillies won the first game 3–1, with McGraw earning the save. The Astros, however, came back in game two with an extra innings victory to send the series to Houston tied at a game apiece. McGraw entered game three in the eighth inning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2505853", "score": "0.9657525", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award", "text": "the 1982 California Angels; Mike Scott pitched for the 1986 Houston Astros; and Jeffrey Leonard played for the 1987 San Francisco Giants. Two players have shared the award in the same year three times, all in the National League; Rob Dibble and Randy Myers for the 1990 Cincinnati Reds, the Chicago Cubs' Jon Lester and Javier Báez in 2016, and Chris Taylor and Justin Turner of the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2017. Garvey, Leonard, and Albert Pujols hit four home runs in their winning series—Garvey in his first win. Adam Kennedy won the 2002 ALCS MVP for hitting 3 home", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13767467", "score": "0.9628508", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "1980 Philadelphia Phillies season", "text": "Royals (A.L.) In 1980, Mike Schmidt won the National League's Most Valuable Player Award in a unanimous vote. He led the league in home runs with 48 (by a margin of 13 over his nearest competitor). Schmidt was also selected as MVP of the World Series, after hitting two homers and driving in seven runs as his team won their first World Series Championship over the George Brett-led Kansas City Royals. Steve Carlton received the National League Cy Young Award. Tug McGraw received the Babe Ruth Award. Manny Trillo was honored as the MVP of the National League Championship Series.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10912006", "score": "0.95131946", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", "text": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. Since 1931, it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). The winners receive the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award, which became the official name of the award in 1944, in honor of the first MLB commissioner, Kenesaw Mountain Landis, who served from 1920 until his death on November 25, 1944. MVP voting takes place before the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "41871", "score": "0.9511087", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "George Foster (baseball)", "text": "run and third RBI to pace his team to a 7–1 victory over the American League All-Stars. He ended the season batting .306 with 29 home runs and a major league-leading 121 RBIs to finish second behind teammate Joe Morgan in National League MVP balloting. Rose and Griffey also finished within the top ten. The Reds won the National League West by 10 games over the Los Angeles Dodgers. They became the only team to go undefeated in post-season history when they swept the Philadelphia Phillies in the 1976 National League Championship Series and New York Yankees in the World", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2955634", "score": "0.9508466", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "1985 Major League Baseball All-Star Game", "text": "pitcher being Jack Morris of the Detroit Tigers. Hoyt also won the game's MVP award. The National League was managed by the Padres' Dick Williams, while the American League was managed by Sparky Anderson of the Tigers. Williams was backed by coaches Jim Frey and Bob Lillis and Anderson was aided by coaches Bobby Cox and Dick Howser. The teams' honorary captains each starred in the 1965 All-Star game, also held in Minnesota -- Harmon Killebrew for the AL, and Sandy Koufax for the NL. In the game two decades ago, Koufax earned the NL win, and Killebrew hit the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11468849", "score": "0.9484799", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "1967 St. Louis Cardinals season", "text": "Red Sox. First baseman Orlando Cepeda won the MVP Award this year, batting .325, with 25 home runs and 111 RBIs. He was the first unanimous selection (all 20 first-place votes for 280 points) for the award in the history of the National League. Catcher Tim McCarver was second in the MVP voting for 136 points. Pitcher Bob Gibson and outfielder Curt Flood won Gold Gloves this year. Flood, whose record streak of 568 consecutive chances in the field without an error ended June 4 when he dropped a fly ball, returned to regular play in late July. His 227-game", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10333357", "score": "0.9389169", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Steve Garvey", "text": "six errors and 69 double plays for a .994 fielding percentage. It was Garvey's second season in San Diego, however, that would provide his highlight in a Padres uniform. Led by Garvey, winning his second National League Championship Series MVP award, the Padres won their first National League pennant over the Chicago Cubs in 1984. Game 4, \"the best game of the series, and one of the best games in memory\", provided a particularly notable effort by Garvey. His hot bat provided excellent insurance for the top of the order, including future Hall of Famer Tony Gwynn, who drew an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4584707", "score": "0.9360249", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "1987 National League Championship Series", "text": "enough, this was the second consecutive year that the NLCS MVP came from the losing team, as Mike Scott had won the award with the Houston Astros the previous year. However, to date, Leonard is the last MVP of any postseason series (League Championship Series or World Series) to have played for the losing team. There is no MVP awarded for the wildcard round or division series. Tuesday, October 6, 1987, at Busch Stadium (II) in St. Louis, Missouri The Giants struck first on an RBI groundout by Candy Maldonado, but the Cardinals tied it in the third on Vince", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5344974", "score": "0.9331988", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Atlanta Braves", "text": "He became the first Brave to win the All-Star Game MVP Award since Fred McGriff did so in 1994. The Braves made two deals before the trade deadline to acquire Álex González, Rick Ankiel and Kyle Farnsworth from the Toronto Blue Jays and Kansas City Royals, giving up shortstop Yunel Escobar, pitchers Jo-Jo Reyes and Jesse Chavez, outfielder Gregor Blanco and three minor leaguers. On August 18, 2010 they traded three pitching prospects for first baseman Derrek Lee from the Chicago Cubs. On August 22, 2010 against the Chicago Cubs, Mike Minor struck out 12 batters across 6 innings; an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "22917", "score": "0.9331659", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Andre Dawson", "text": "MVP of either the league championship series or the World Series, but did not add a clause for National League MVP. While he won the NL MVP, the Cubs did not make the playoffs, so he had no chance to earn the NLCS or World Series MVP. He became the Cubs' starting right fielder, and hit a major league leading 49 home runs (equal with Oakland Athletics rookie Mark McGwire) and was named the league's MVP, finally winning after the two years as runner-up in Montreal. Nonetheless, Dawson wasn't able to turn around the Cubs' fortunes: although the team held", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3570765", "score": "0.93301356", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "National League West", "text": "Phil Niekro finished in second place for the N.L. Cy Young Award. Perhaps this latter pennant race was overshadowed by that of the New York Mets and the Chicago Cubs, with the Mets coming back from trailing by nine-and-one-half games near midseason to overtake the Chicago Cubs for the East championship. The big star for the Mets was their starting pitcher Tom Seaver, who won the Cy Young Award. The so-called \"Miracle Mets\" won the first National League Championship Series over the Braves three games to none, and then the Mets defeated the Baltimore Orioles four games to one in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5803705", "score": "0.92955583", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "1989 National League Championship Series", "text": "1989 National League Championship Series The 1989 National League Championship Series was played between the National League West champion San Francisco Giants and the National League East champion Chicago Cubs. The Giants won the series four games to one, en route to losing to the Oakland Athletics in four games in the 1989 World Series. Wednesday, October 4, 1989, at Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois The Giants entered the series as slight favorites due to the MVP season of Kevin Mitchell, the solid play of Will Clark, and the best ERA in baseball by pitcher Scott Garrelts. The Cubs had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8001391", "score": "0.92929745", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Tony Gwynn", "text": "the balloting for the National League MVP behind Chicago Cubs winner Ryne Sandberg and runner-up Keith Hernandez of the New York Mets. He had 213 hits, breaking the Padres record of 194 set by Richards in 1980. Gwynn hit second in the Padres batting order behind Alan Wiggins, and benefited from the higher number of fastballs opposing pitchers threw in response to the speedy leadoff hitter (70 SB) being on base. Wiggins' speed also disrupted the defense and opened up holes that Gwynn was able to exploit for hits. He hit above .400 when Wiggins was on base ahead of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2062716", "score": "0.925395", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "1982 National League Championship Series", "text": "divisional play. The Cardinals were led by Gold Glove first baseman and solid hitter Keith Hernandez, while the Braves were led by Dale Murphy, who was later named the season's MVP. The Cardinals had been the first team to clinch a playoff berth on September 27 while the Braves were the last to make the playoffs, clinching the West on October 3 when the Giants beat the Dodgers. On a side note, Atlanta's manager Joe Torre and two of his coaches Bob Gibson and Dal Maxvill were known for playing for the opposing St. Louis Cardinal team while Cardinal coach", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8013189", "score": "0.9253626", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Sancti Spíritus (baseball)", "text": "the National Series MVP award. Other notable players include: Sancti Spíritus (baseball) Sancti Spíritus is a baseball team in the Cuban National Series. Sancti Spíritus, nicknamed the \"Gallos\" (\"Rooster\") won the series championship in 1978–79. The team has advanced to the National Series semifinals in each of the past two seasons; 2004–05 and 2005–06. Three Sancti Spíritus players; Frederich Cepeda, Yulieski Gourriel and Eriel Sánchez, were part of Cuba's team at the 2006 World Baseball Classic. Every time a season starts, the team not only plays at José Antonio Huelga Stadium; their official stadium, but they also play at other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8172549", "score": "0.92501456", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award", "text": "of the bullpen in relief; he struck out 16 in 10 innings. Daniel Murphy won the 2015 NLCS MVP after hitting home runs in six consecutive games, setting a major league record. Liván Hernández (1997, NL) and his half-brother Orlando Hernández (1999, AL) are the only family pair to have won the award. The only rookies to have won the award are Mike Boddicker (1983, AL), Liván Hernández, and Michael Wacha (2013, NL). League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award The League Championship Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) award is given in each of the two annual League Championship Series,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13767469", "score": "0.92464626", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", "text": "only significant change since then occurred in 1961, when the number of voters was reduced to two per league city. Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. Since 1931, it has been awarded by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA). The winners receive the Kenesaw Mountain Landis Memorial Baseball Award, which became the official name of the award in 1944, in honor of the first MLB commissioner,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "41879", "score": "0.92241716", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Irish Baseball League", "text": "Red Stockings and the runner-up Philadelphia Athletics. In his diary and press clippings of that year, Andy and his lifelong friend Harry Wright were the leading batsmen as the Yanks beat the then reigning Marybone champions in London at their own game, cricket. Previous winners of The 'Andy Leonard' League MVP Award include: Tommy Bond was born in Granard in County Longford in 1856. He became the first Triple Crown pitcher when he led the National League with 40 wins, 170 strikeouts, and a 2.11 ERA for Boston in 1877. Previous winners of The 'Tommy Bond' Best Pitcher Award include:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11579399", "score": "0.9212811", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Willie McCovey", "text": "to become the National League MVP. He won NL Player of the Month awards in July 1963 (.310, 13 HR, 27 RBI) and August 1969 (.315, 8 HR, 22 RBI). In 1963 he and Hank Aaron tied for the NL lead with 44 home runs. In the early years of Candlestick Park, the Giants home stadium, the area behind right field was open except for three small bleacher sections. When McCovey came to bat, typically those bleachers would empty as the fans positioned themselves on the flat ground, hoping to catch a McCovey home run ball. On October 23, 1973,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3012433", "score": "0.9208383", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "1961 Cincinnati Reds season", "text": "offense while starting pitchers Bob Purkey, Jim O'Toole and newcomer Joey Jay were the staff standouts. Robinson (37 homers, 124 RBI, 117 runs scored, 22 stolen bases, .323 average) was named National League MVP. Pinson (208 hits, .343 average, 101 runs scored, 23 stolen bases) and a Gold Glove recipient, finished third in MVP voting. Purkey won 16 games, O'Toole won 19 and Jay won an NL-best 21 games. Jay also finished a surprising fifth in NL MVP voting, one spot ahead of future Hall of Famer Willie Mays who hit 40 home runs and drove in 123 for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10638037", "score": "0.92074805", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "1994–95 Major League Baseball strike", "text": "(namely, the Detroit Tigers of the AL East and Milwaukee Brewers of the AL Central) had better records than the Rangers. The National League's MVP award was given to Jeff Bagwell. His hand was broken by a pitch on August 10, just before the players' strike began; had the season continued, he would likely have missed the remainder of the year and might not have won the MVP. But because of the timing of his \"lucky break\", Bagwell became just the fourth player in National League history to win the award unanimously. The strike also led to an absurdity: Minnesota", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5230887", "score": "0.9203664", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "1996 National League Championship Series", "text": "(4–3): Atlanta Braves over St. Louis Cardinals Javy López was named the MVP for having a role in each Atlanta victory. In Game 1, he snapped a 2–2 tie with a two-run single; in Game 5, he hit a home run, two doubles, and scored four runs; in Game 6, he singled and scored after being hit by a pitch; and in Game 7, he went two for four with a double, a home run, three RBIs, and scored three runs. Overall, he batted .545 (13 for 24) with eight runs scored, five doubles, two home runs and six RBIs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6517623", "score": "0.9190254", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", "text": "he became the first pitcher in either league to be named the MVP since Dennis Eckersley in 1992. Verlander also became the first starting pitcher to win this award since Roger Clemens accomplished the feat in 1986. The National League went even longer without an MVP award to a pitcher. After Bob Gibson won in 1968, no pitcher in that league was named MVP until Clayton Kershaw in 2014. Before the 1910 season, Hugh Chalmers of Chalmers Automobile announced he would present a Chalmers Model 30 automobile to the player with the highest batting average in Major League Baseball at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "41875", "score": "0.9177131", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", "long_answer": "The award's only tie occurred in the National League in 1979, when Keith Hernandez and Willie Stargell received an equal number of points. There have been 18 unanimous winners, who received all the first-place votes. The New York Yankees have the most winning players with 22, followed by the St. Louis Cardinals with 17 winners. The award has never been presented to a member of the following three teams: Arizona Diamondbacks, New York Mets, and Tampa Bay Rays. The most recent recipients are José Altuve in the American League and Giancarlo Stanton in the National League.", "chunked_long_answer": "The award's only tie occurred in the National League in 1979, when Keith Hernandez and Willie Stargell received an equal number of points. There have been 18 unanimous winners, who received all the first-place votes. The New York Yankees have the most winning players with 22, followed by the St. Louis Cardinals with 17 winners. The award has never been presented to a member of the following three teams: Arizona Diamondbacks, New York Mets, and Tampa Bay Rays. The most recent recipients are José Altuve in the American League and Giancarlo Stanton in the National League.", "short_answers": [ "Giancarlo Stanton" ] }

[ "2019", "2018", "in 2018 and 2019", "late 2018" ]

[ { "title": "The Death of Superman", "text": "The story has been repeatedly adapted into various forms of media, including the novelization Superman: Doomsday & Beyond (1993) and the video game The Death and Return of Superman (1994). An loose animated adaptation of the film, Superman: Doomsday, was released in 2007 and launched the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line. A second animated adaptation will be released as a two-part film in 2018 and 2019 and will be more faithful to the original story.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Death of Superman", "text": "Movies line. Compared to \"Superman: Doomsday\", the new adaptation is more faithful to the comic story. DC's Tim Beedle considered the films \"much less condensed\" and said they \"include many of the fan-favorite moments from the story that were left out of \"Doomsday\".\" The Death of Superman \"The Death of Superman\" is a crossover story event featured in DC Comics' Superman-related publications. The crossover, which originated from editor Mike Carlin and writers Dan Jurgens, Roger Stern, Louise Simonson, Jerry Ordway, and Karl Kesel, began in December 1992 and lasted until October 1993. It was published in \"Superman\", \"Action Comics\", \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3296868", "score": "1.0197525", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Superman: Doomsday", "text": "was announced with a release date of February 26, 2008, but was delayed. Warner Home Video released a new \"Special Edition\" Blu-ray and DVD, featuring new bonus materials on November 25, 2008. The film's generous amount of violence and adult language garnered a PG-13 rating from the MPAA. This is the first time an animated Superman project has ever received such a strong rating. Most of the more visceral deaths take place off-camera, however the fight sequences are very intense. During the Doomsday/Superman fight, Superman coughs a puddle of blood onto the ground, perhaps the most visual use of blood", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9521341", "score": "1.0160414", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman (film)", "text": "in the chest at the same time mortally wounding the Man of Steel. Lois holds a dying Superman in her arms. Having been assured that Doomsday is dead, and that the city is safe, Superman smiles and lets out his last breath. Jimmy broadcasts the death live all over the world, with the footage of Superman's ripped cape on a damaged pole rising from a pile of rubble, creating a global mourning. A state funeral is held for the Man of Steel where everyone except Batman, who is seen at Wayne Manor with his son mourning, attends the funeral. After", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20597128", "score": "1.0140069", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman (film)", "text": "the 2007 film \"\". However, \"Superman: Doomsday\" greatly altered and condensed the story to fit it within a 75-minute runtime, including the events associated with the return of Superman and that sequel-based comic. \"The Death of Superman\" was written to be much more faithful to the original story; according to DC's Tim Beedle, the film is \"much less condensed and will include many of the fan-favorite moments from the story that were left out of \"Doomsday\".\" The film is co-directed by Jake Castorena and produced by Warner Bros. Animation and DC Films. According to supervising producer James Tucker, a primary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20597131", "score": "1.0024974", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Superman: Doomsday", "text": "Superman: Doomsday Superman: Doomsday is a 2007 American animated superhero film, adapted from the DC Comics storyline \"The Death of Superman\" which focuses on the death and return of the superhero Superman. Released by Warner Bros. Animation, it is the first film in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies. It was followed by \"\". Lois Lane and Superman are romantically involved, but Lois is not satisfied with keeping their relationship secret. While digging, workers from LexCorp unearth the spaceship of Doomsday, a genetically-engineered super-soldier highly hostile toward anything that moves. It kills the digging crew and begins a bloody rampage", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9521328", "score": "0.9984951", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman", "text": "device\" rather than a true villain. Penciler Curt Swan disliked the story because he thought it \"came out of the blue. There was no build-up, no suspense developed. Superman had no foreboding of some force out there that would conquer him. It all occurred too quickly.\" \"The Death of Superman\" had an immediate effect on DC's comics. DC timed a similar event featuring Batman, \"\", to happen shortly after \"The Death of Superman\", followed by the deaths of Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, Green Arrow, and the Flash. Green Lantern's event, \"Emerald Twilight\", in which he turned into the villain Parallax,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3296859", "score": "0.99798", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman", "text": "death. The initial plan called for Superman to be killed in \"Superman\" #75 (January 1993) and resurrected in \"The Adventures of Superman\" #500, as both were milestone issues. Jurgens created the concepts of a monster tearing apart Metropolis and an issue dedicated to a single fight separately from \"The Death of Superman\"; when working on the story, the teams decided to combine them. Carlin had previously rejected the fight idea whenever Jurgens brought it up, feeling it would not be effective without a good story. When deciding which villain should kill Superman, the writers determined that his existing foes relied", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3296826", "score": "0.9909431", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman (film)", "text": "Animated Films in Past 5 Years\", praising the epic and emotional punch the film accomplishes in all three acts. i09 gave another positive review, praising Superman's character arc, his relationship with Lois, and the story at large because the DC Universe Movies adaptations currently \"graft pre-Crisis storylines onto a new continuity, which affords different angles, strengths, and weaknesses... Because the backdrop for this version of \"Death of Superman\" is different, new choices get made to communicate a sense of threat.\" It was because of that, that \"\"The Death of Superman\" film adaptation justifies its existence.\" Website WhatCulture.com gave a mixed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20597133", "score": "0.9893882", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Death of \"Superman Lives\": What Happened?", "text": "\"The Death of Superman\", that was cancelled only three weeks before filming was set to begin in April 1998. In the film, Schnepp interviews several people involved with the development of the project and features numerous conceptual artwork and designs intended for the visual look of \"Superman Lives\". Director Jon Schnepp interviews the following subjects in the film: Critical reception for \"The Death of \"Superman Lives\": What Happened?\" has been predominantly positive. The film currently holds an 85% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 13 reviews, with an average of 7.2/10. \"Forbes\" and \"The Hollywood Reporter\" both wrote positive reviews,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18839539", "score": "0.98516035", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Death of \"Superman Lives\": What Happened?", "text": "and \"The Hollywood Reporter\" commented that \"Fanboys will relish this overstuffed doc about the Superman movie that never hit the screen\". IGN awarded it a score of 8 out of 10, saying, \"But even if you come out of the documentary thankful the plug was pulled, the personalities involved and the story’s [sic] they tell are worthwhile and offer some great insight into just what a struggle it can be when so many people try to work together to pull off a film of this scope.\" The Death of \"Superman Lives\": What Happened? The Death of \"Superman Lives\": What Happened?", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18839540", "score": "0.98494434", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Mister Mxyzptlk", "text": "the beautiful princess-now-queen, only to grieve as she died giving birth to their children. And so, he \"became\" the sad king that one day, the jester Mxyzptlk would come to entertain, and who would be slain by Vndyktvx in an eternal and apparently natural (for five-dimensional beings) cycle. After the New 52 Superman died and Pre-52 Superman took his place by the time of the \"DC Rebirth\" reboot, a mysterious Clark Kent appeared claiming to be the real one. Despite everyone's hesitations and the previous event that outed Clark as Superman, the new Clark had the medical records to match,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2768923", "score": "0.98368776", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman (film)", "text": "Coast in the Atlantic Ocean, monitored by Luthor and his team of scientists in an underground research facility. Luthor, escaping his house arrest through a decoy, sends a team of deep sea explorers to the crash site. The explorers encounter Atlanteans at the crash site with both survey groups annihilated by a 9-foot giant humanoid beast that emerges from the wreckage. The beast reaches the US coastline, murdering two campers and a grizzly bear, while en route towards the most populated city in the vicinity: Metropolis. After going on a rampage decimating police units, the Justice League arrive to fight", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20597124", "score": "0.9815469", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Alternative versions of Superman", "text": "this Superman's death, the Post-\"Crisis\" Superman takes both his place as the current Superman, and his place in the current Justice League, and, with the \"DC Rebirth\" initiative (the publisher's attempt to set right unpopular character changes) this Superman is told that there is more to the story of his replacing New 52 Superman than he realizes. At the conclusion of the \"Superman Reborn\" storyline, the histories of the pre-\"Flashpoint\" and New 52 Superman and Lois Lane are merged, effectively writing over the New 52 era as if it never happened and creating another soft reboot for characters in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7959697", "score": "0.98145425", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman", "text": "put the wedding story in the comics on hold until \"Lois & Clark\" reached its wedding episode in order that the stories could coincide. With the original storyline set aside in the comics, the teams needed a new event to replace it. The postponement disappointed the writing teams, as they had to put aside a year's worth of story planning and, according to Simonson, essentially had to come up with something at the last minute. When the writing teams were having trouble deciding stories in years past, Ordway would jokingly suggest they kill Superman. The joke became a running gag", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3296823", "score": "0.977957", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman (film)", "text": "the funeral, the Kents welcome Lois into their family. Jimmy rushes to Lois urging her to come with him to Superman's mausoleum where they find his coffin open and a figure observing Superman's silhouette before he flies away. At the same time, at S.T.A.R. Labs, an exonerated Luthor attempts to request custody of Doomsday's corpse for Project Cadmus before Superman's rocket self-starts and flies off. Superman's rocket buries itself under the Arctic Ice near the North Pole and terraforms the Fortress of Solitude as a Superman-like figure watches. Inside a Cadmus laboratory, numerous failed Superman clones are destroyed as one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20597129", "score": "0.97442347", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman", "text": "Doomsday and an exhausted Superman fight and strike each other with so much force that the shockwaves from their punches shatter windows. At the struggle's culminating moment in front of the \"Daily Planet\" building, both lay a massive blow upon each other, killing Doomsday and mortally wounding Superman. In the arms of a frantic Lane, Superman succumbs to his wounds and dies. Olsen, Justice League members Ice and Bloodwynd, and Guardian are also present at the end, with Olsen bitterly photographing Superman's fall. Superman's death stuns and traumatizes the residents of the DC Universe. His funeral is attended by nearly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3296844", "score": "0.97111726", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Death and Return of Superman (film)", "text": "again, he had to die. Landis describes the birth of Doomsday and the events that set up his battles with Superman until the deaths of both combatants. DC Comics shipped three million copies of \"Superman vol. 2\" #75 worldwide, nearly all of which sold out within the first day of release. After the death, DC Comics published the \"Reign of the Supermen!\" story arc, which introduced four characters claiming to be Superman. One was Hank Henshaw, a cyborg version of Superman who defeated the other three and destroyed Coast City, causing Hal Jordan to lose his sense of reasoning and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16804621", "score": "0.9686513", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Clark Kent", "text": "only to subsequently die of kryptonite poisoning. Following the death of the New-52 Superman, he is 'replaced' as Superman by his counterpart from the pre-\"Flashpoint\" timeline—who operates in secret in a farmhouse with his wife and son after the events of \"Convergence\" saw them trapped in this new universe—but all are left puzzled when a completely human Clark Kent appears. Superman's tests confirming that this new man genuinely believes that he is Clark Kent, adopted by the Kents after his biological parents died in a gas explosion when he was three months old, who went into hiding while investigating the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "96532", "score": "0.96864694", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman (film)", "text": "Superman losing against, arrives in his own battlesuit to kill Doomsday and win over the Metropolis citizens as their \"true savior\". But Doomday recovers with Superman saving Luthor before resuming the fight, only for Lois to realize he is taking his toll on him as she pelts Doomsday with a rock. Doomsday extrudes a bony spear through his arms as he walks toward Lois to kill her. Superman sees this, and with one final burst of war cry, hurls himself straight towards Doomsday; Superman's speed is enough to twist Doomsday's neck around to kill him, but unfortunately, Doomsday stabs him", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20597127", "score": "0.9683429", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman", "text": "arc references Siegel and Shuster's first Superman story, \"The Reign of the Superman\". It crosses into the larger DC Universe, with \"Green Lantern\" #46 (October 1993) featuring a tie-in story. Despite the gap between the releases of \"Funeral for a Friend\" and \"Reign of the Supermen!\", no time passed within the continuity of the comics. \"The Death of Superman\" concluded in October 1993 with \"The Adventures of Superman\" #505, in which Superman returns to Metropolis. Doomsday emerges from an underground bunker and encounters the Justice League International. He easily defeats them, but Superman arrives and the two fight across America.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3296842", "score": "0.96691656", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman", "text": "solicidation cycle would have spoiled the resurrection. The media attention caused Carlin to delay Superman's resurrection beyond \"The Adventures of Superman\" #500. Furthermore, the teams knew bringing Superman back in that issue would be illogical and held an emergency summit at a hotel in Terrytown, New York, where they plotted the final parts of the story. The teams considered bringing Superman back harder than killing him, as they did not want to make fans feel like they had been cheated. They decided to introduce a new version of Superman before bringing back the original, but the writers each had different", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3296831", "score": "0.9665505", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman", "text": "Man of Steel\" #17 (November 1992); after the issue's story, a teaser panel shows Doomsday's fist repeatedly punching a wall. The crossover began the following issue, in which Doomsday is unleashed and begins to carve a brutal path of destruction across America. This leads to Superman's death in \"Superman\" #75, which DC published on November 18, 1992. There were a number of variants of issue #75: a standard newsstand edition; a direct market edition; and a collector's edition sold in a polybag with a black armband, poster, stickers, and a trading card, which cost more than the standard edition. Following", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3296836", "score": "0.96448743", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Superman: Doomsday", "text": "Death of Superman\" comics. James Deaux of Earth-2.net gave the movie a score of 5.5 out of 10, claiming the movie was far too overhyped and the result was not a bad, but a mediocre product with \"many instances of...lazy writing, confusing animation, a couple of glaring plot holes and some mediocre voice acting.\" He also criticized the title of the movie given that Doomsday has such a minimal role in the film. The Top 100 DVD sales chart for September 18 - 23, 2017 revealed that the film was placed at #4, and was two spots ahead of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9521344", "score": "0.9644544", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman", "text": "the \"Funeral for a Friend\" issues; and \"The Return of Superman\" (), which compiles the \"Reign of the Supermen!\" issues. \"The Death of Superman\" was released in time for the 1992 holiday shopping season and, according to comics historian Matthew K. Manning, is the bestselling trade paperback of all time. Reprints of the three collections were published in 2003, 1998, and 2004, respectively, while a recolored edition of \"The Death of Superman\" was released in 2013. In September 2007, DC released an omnibus edition of the story, \"The Death and Return of Superman Omnibus\" (). It features all the issues", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3296839", "score": "0.9607245", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman", "text": "fight with the monster Doomsday and concludes with his apparent death. The second depicts Superman's fellow superheroes and the rest of the DC Universe mourning his death, ending with his adoptive father Jonathan Kent having a heart attack. The third sees the emergence of the Supermen, four individuals claiming to be Superman, and the original's return. \"The Death of Superman\" introduced a number of characters, including Doomsday, the Cyborg Superman, and Steel, who became recurring characters in DC publications. When news broke that DC planned to kill Superman, a beloved cultural icon, \"The Death of Superman\" received unprecedented coverage from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3296814", "score": "0.96029997", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman", "text": "The Death of Superman \"The Death of Superman\" is a crossover story event featured in DC Comics' Superman-related publications. The crossover, which originated from editor Mike Carlin and writers Dan Jurgens, Roger Stern, Louise Simonson, Jerry Ordway, and Karl Kesel, began in December 1992 and lasted until October 1993. It was published in \"Superman\", \"Action Comics\", \"The Adventures of Superman\", \"\", \"Justice League America\", and \"Green Lantern\". Since its initial publication, \"The Death of Superman\" has been reprinted in various formats and editions. The idea for \"The Death of Superman\" was conceived after a planned story, in which Clark Kent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3296812", "score": "0.95724404", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Superman", "text": "This story was \"imaginary\" and thus was ignored in subsequent books. In \"Superman\" #188 (April 1966), Superman is killed by kryptonite radiation, but is revived in the same issue by one of his android doppelgangers. In the 1990s \"The Death and Return of Superman\" story arc, after a deadly battle with Doomsday, Superman died in \"Superman\" #75 (Jan. 1993). He was later revived by the Eradicator. In \"Superman\" #52 (May 2016) Superman is killed by kryptonite poisoning, and this time he is not resurrected, but replaced by the Superman of an alternate timeline. Superman maintains a secret hideout called the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "385533", "score": "0.9563479", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Publication history of Superman", "text": "Kent proposes to Lois Lane and reveals his secret identity; Lane accepts. In 1992, DC Comics published the storyline \"The Death of Superman\", in which Superman battles a monster of then-unknown origins called Doomsday. Both Superman and Doomsday are killed, taking each other down with their final blows. \"Funeral for a Friend\" follows \"The Death of Superman\", chronicling Superman's funeral and examines other characters' reactions to the death of the hero. Next, DC published the \"Reign of the Supermen\" storyline, during which four different characters — a new Superboy, the cyborg Man of Tomorrow, the brutal Last Son of Krypton", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6747263", "score": "0.95387214", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "The Death of Superman", "text": "Bros. disliked it due to its similar themes to \"Batman Forever\" (1995). Later rewrites altered the story considerably and the film ultimately never came to fruition. \"Superman Lives\", another canceled Superman film that would have been directed by Tim Burton, started as an adaptation of \"The Death of Superman\"; Warner Bros. executives believed the story was \"the key\" to revive the \"Superman\" franchise. Warner Bros. released an animated direct-to-video film adaptation, \"Superman: Doomsday\", in 2007. \"Superman: Doomsday\" is only loosely based on \"The Death of Superman\"; to fit within a 75-minute runtime, the story was condensed and greatly altered. For", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3296865", "score": "0.95306766", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

{ "title": "The Death of Superman", "long_answer": "The story has been repeatedly adapted into various forms of media, including the novelization Superman: Doomsday & Beyond (1993) and the video game The Death and Return of Superman (1994). An loose animated adaptation of the film, Superman: Doomsday, was released in 2007 and launched the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line. A second animated adaptation will be released as a two-part film in 2018 and 2019 and will be more faithful to the original story.", "chunked_long_answer": "The story has been repeatedly adapted into various forms of media, including the novelization Superman: Doomsday & Beyond (1993) and the video game The Death and Return of Superman (1994). An loose animated adaptation of the film, Superman: Doomsday, was released in 2007 and launched the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line. A second animated adaptation will be released as a two-part film in 2018 and 2019 and will be more faithful to the original story.", "short_answers": [ "2018", "2019", "in 2018 and 2019" ] }

[ "Woodrow Wilson" ]

[ { "title": "State of the Union", "text": "3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically \"give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.\" During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. After 1913, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. President, began the regular practice of delivering the address to Congress in person as a way to rally support for his agenda. With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on many networks.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "1986 State of the Union Address", "text": "Each of these individuals was mentioned directly during the speech. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator George Mitchell (ME), Lt. Gov. Harriett Woods (MO), Gov. Charles Robb (VA), Rep. Thomas Daschle (SD), and Rep. William Gray (PA) , who had previously taken part in the group response to President Reagan’s State of the Union Address delivered on January 25, 1984. President Reagan was joined before the joint session of Congress by Vice President George H. W. Bush and Speaker of the House Thomas O’Neill, who introduced Reagan before the commencement of the address. 1986 State of the Union", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16520117", "score": "1.2645512", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "2003 State of the Union Address", "text": "United States Congress. Just before the President addressed Iraq in the speech, he spent five paragraphs addressing his initiative to fight AIDS in Africa. The Democratic response was given by then Washington Governor Gary Locke, who was appointed to be United States Ambassador to China in 2011. 2003 State of the Union Address The 2003 State of the Union Address was a speech delivered by U.S. President George W. Bush, the 43rd United States President, on Tuesday, January 28, 2003. It outlined justifications for the 2003 invasion of Iraq. It began his discussion of the \"war on terror\" by asserting,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2547786", "score": "1.2462691", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "2018 State of the Union Address", "text": "lowest net positive rating since CNN first began asking the question in 1998. 2018 State of the Union Address The 2018 State of the Union Address was given by the 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump, on Tuesday, January 30, 2018, at 9 p.m. EST in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 115th United States Congress. It was Trump's first State of the Union Address and his second speech to a joint session of the United States Congress. U.S. Representative Joe Kennedy III and Virginia Delegate Elizabeth Guzmán gave the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20520700", "score": "1.2275437", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "2002 State of the Union Address", "text": "Marine Michael Spann, was present and her story mentioned in the president's speech. Flight attendants Hermis Moutardier and Christina Jones were present and commended by the president. There were twenty other citizens invited to the speech on the First Lady's guest list. 2002 State of the Union Address George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States of America, delivered the 2002 State of the Union Address at the United States Capitol building on January 29, 2002. In front of members of the 107th United States Congress, along with special civilian and military guests, Bush addressed the U.S. as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9847687", "score": "1.2266282", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "2002 State of the Union Address", "text": "2002 State of the Union Address George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States of America, delivered the 2002 State of the Union Address at the United States Capitol building on January 29, 2002. In front of members of the 107th United States Congress, along with special civilian and military guests, Bush addressed the U.S. as he delivered his first State of the Union address. The speech covered the effects of the September 11 attacks of the previous year and Bush's plans to prevent future terrorist attacks upon the United States. Bush gave a progress report on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9847671", "score": "1.2200081", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2018 State of the Union Address", "text": "2018 State of the Union Address The 2018 State of the Union Address was given by the 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump, on Tuesday, January 30, 2018, at 9 p.m. EST in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 115th United States Congress. It was Trump's first State of the Union Address and his second speech to a joint session of the United States Congress. U.S. Representative Joe Kennedy III and Virginia Delegate Elizabeth Guzmán gave the Democratic Party's response in English and Spanish respectively. The Address was watched by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20520667", "score": "1.2146544", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "1982 State of the Union Address", "text": "was delivered by Senator Donald Riegle (MI), Senator James Sasser (TN), Rep. Albert Gore Jr. (TN), Senator Robert Byrd (W.Va), Senator Edward Kennedy (MA), House Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill III (MA), Senator Gary Hart (CO), Senator Paul Sarbanes (MD), Senator J. Bennett Johnston (LA), and Senator Alan Cranston (CA). 1982 State of the Union Address The 1982 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 97th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 26, 1982. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16552155", "score": "1.2135352", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "2007 State of the Union Address", "text": "2007 State of the Union Address The 2007 State of the Union address was a speech given by United States President George W. Bush on Tuesday, January 23, 2007, at 9:13 P.M. EST. The speech was given in front of a joint session of Congress, presided over by Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi and Vice President Dick Cheney in his capacity as President of the Senate. It was the first address to a Democratic-controlled Congress since 1994. Furthermore, the speech marked the second time that a Democrat sat behind President Bush during a joint session of Congress", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9472522", "score": "1.2100763", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "2018 State of the Union Address", "text": "the most famous names in American politics. Joe Kennedy III is the second member of his family to give the Democratic response after his great uncle Ted Kennedy gave one to the 1982 State of the Union Address. It was announced on January 29 that Kennedy would be giving the Democratic response from Diman Regional Vocational Technical High School in Fall River, Massachusetts. Nicholas Sarwark, the chairman of the Libertarian National Committee, gave the Libertarian Party response to the State of the Union Address. Additionally, Libertarian 2020 presidential candidate Adam Kokesh gave a response to the State of the Union", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20520692", "score": "1.2066572", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "1988 State of the Union Address", "text": "radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia and Speaker of the House Jim Wright of Texas. 1988 State of the Union Address The 1988 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 100th United States Congress on Monday, January 25, 1988. The speech was the last State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term. Donald Hodel, the Secretary of the Interior, served as the designated survivor. President Reagan began by announcing that his speech would not be a litany of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14175317", "score": "1.204714", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "2005 State of the Union Address", "text": "Iraq,\" a reference to the first truly democratic, and relatively fair and free, elections that took place in the respective nations. He reminded Congress of George W. Bush's second inaugural address, \"Two weeks ago, I stood on the steps of this Capitol and renewed the commitment of our nation to the guiding ideal of liberty for all.\" He then outlined the next part of his speech, beginning with domestic issues, and moving on to United States foreign policy, \"This evening I will set forth policies to advance that ideal at home and around the world.\" The president began his domestic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7048074", "score": "1.2045598", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Speeches of Barack Obama", "text": "Secretary Steven Chu was chosen as the designated survivor and did not attend the speech. The 2010 State of the Union Address was given by United States President Barack Obama on January 27, 2010, to a joint session of Congress. It was aired on all the major networks starting at 9 pm ET. It was Obama's first State of the Union Address, though the president did give a non-State of the Union address to a joint session of Congress a month after taking office in 2009. The speech was delivered in the United States House of Representatives in the United", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16945946", "score": "1.2044653", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2018 State of the Union Address", "text": "our state of the union based on a more populist point of view, based on the people's point of view. I think it's important because we have a president who has a difficult time with the truth, who has a radical, divisive agenda, and spends an enormous amount of time focusing on the negative and hopelessness and despair.\" The event was held on January 29, 2018, at The Town Hall in New York City. Attendees included Bill de Blasio, John Leguizamo, Michael Moore, Cynthia Nixon, Rosie Perez, Mark Ruffalo, and Gloria Steinem, and performers included Andra Day, Common, and Rufus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20520682", "score": "1.2036314", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2005 State of the Union Address", "text": "income taxes, free trade initiatives, prosecution of corporate criminals. Thirty-eight million viewers watched the address, a lower figure than any of Bush's previous State of the Union addresses, and indeed lower than any State of the Union addresses in the preceding twelve years. 2005 State of the Union Address The 2005 State of the Union Address was delivered by United States President George W. Bush on Wednesday, February 2, 2005, in Washington, D.C. to a joint session of the U.S. Congress (the House of Representatives and the Senate). President Bush began his State of the Union address by saying that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7048076", "score": "1.2015647", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2016 State of the Union Address", "text": "2016 State of the Union Address The 2016 State of the Union Address was given by the 44th United States President Barack Obama on Tuesday, January 12, 2016, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. It was addressed to the 114th United States Congress. It was the first State of the Union address with Paul Ryan as Speaker of the House of Representatives. It was the last State of the Union Address of Obama's presidency; no U.S. president since Gerald Ford has given a final State of the Union address at the end of his term. Obama's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19081569", "score": "1.2008265", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "State of the Union", "text": "report. Since Franklin Roosevelt, the State of the Union is given typically each January before a joint session of the United States Congress and is held in the House of Representatives chamber of the United States Capitol. Newly inaugurated presidents generally deliver an address to Congress in February of the first year of their term, but this speech is not officially considered to be a \"State of the Union\". What began as a communication between president and Congress has become in effect a communication between the president and the people of the United States. Since the advent of radio, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "476433", "score": "1.2005641", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "1983 State of the Union Address", "text": "1983 State of the Union Address The 1983 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 98th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 25, 1983. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted approximately 46 minutes and contained 5554 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was delivered by Senator Robert Byrd (WV), Senator Paul Tsongas (MA), Senator Bill Bradley (NJ), Senator Joe Biden (DE), Rep. Tom Daschle (SD), Rep. Barbara Kennelly (CT), House", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16553242", "score": "1.2005348", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2013 State of the Union Address", "text": "2013 State of the Union Address The 2013 State of the Union Address was a speech given by President Barack Obama on Tuesday, February 12, 2013, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives, at 9 PM EST. It was simulcast online by the White House website as an \"enhanced version\" with accompanying graphics for key points of the address. Continuing with the tradition started in 2011, members of the 113th United States Congress sat together regardless of which party they were affiliated with. Clinton Romesha, recipient of the Medal of Honor was invited by Michelle Obama, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17038374", "score": "1.1976534", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "1982 State of the Union Address", "text": "1982 State of the Union Address The 1982 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 97th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 26, 1982. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted 40 minutes and 14 seconds and contained 5154 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The speech was the first to acknowledge a special guest, Lenny Skutnik. Taking the place of Supreme Court Justice Byron White was retired Justice Potter Stewart. The Democratic Party response", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16552154", "score": "1.1974499", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "1983 State of the Union Address", "text": "Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill III (MA), Rep. George Miller (CA), Rep. Les AuCoin (OR), Rep. Paul Simon (IL), Rep. Timothy Wirth (CO), and Rep. Bill Hefner (NC). 1983 State of the Union Address The 1983 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 98th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 25, 1983. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's first term. The speech lasted approximately 46 minutes and contained 5554 words. The address was broadcast live on radio and television. The Democratic Party response was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16553243", "score": "1.1970112", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "State of the Union", "text": "none has done so since Jimmy Carter sent a written message in 1981. In 1953 and 1961, Congress received both a written State of the Union message from the outgoing president and a separate State of the Union speech by the incoming president. Since 1989, in recognition that the responsibility of reporting the State of the Union formally belongs to the president who held office during the past year, newly inaugurated Presidents have not officially called their first speech before Congress a \"State of the Union\" message. In 1936, President Roosevelt set a precedent when he delivered the address at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "476437", "score": "1.1964238", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2006 State of the Union Address", "text": "the Abramoff scandal and corruption within the government, the NSA spying controversy, the successful nomination of Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito, and the Administration's proposed ban on same-sex marriage. Newly elected Governor of Virginia Tim Kaine gave the Democratic response in English and Mayor of Los Angeles Antonio Villaraigosa did so in Spanish. President Bush began his State of the Union Address for the year by reflecting on the memory of Coretta Scott King, who died earlier that day, and Martin Luther King, Jr., \"the husband who was taken so long ago\". Bush then paralleled \"moments of national mourning,\" an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7050361", "score": "1.1925184", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "1987 State of the Union Address", "text": "of Agriculture, served as the designated survivor. 1987 State of the Union Address The 1987 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 100th United States Congress on Tuesday, January 27, 1987. The speech was the third State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term, starting out with congratulations to the historic 100th Congress. Progressing to the Afghanistan situation, he says: \"The Soviet Union says it wants a peaceful settlement in Afghanistan, yet it continues a brutal war and props up a regime whose days are clearly numbered. We", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16543626", "score": "1.1918516", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2015 State of the Union Address", "text": "2015 State of the Union Address The 2015 State of the Union Address was given by the 44th United States President, Barack Obama, on Tuesday, January 20, 2015, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. Following recent tradition, Speaker of the House John Boehner sent a letter on December 19, 2014, formally inviting President Obama to speak (despite a proposal from some conservatives that House Republicans withhold the invitation in retaliation for Obama's executive actions on immigration reform). It was addressed to the 114th United States Congress. The State of the Union Address was broadcast on various", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18376760", "score": "1.1868453", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Speeches of Barack Obama", "text": "rest of the world; where we take responsibility for our deficits; where we reform our government to meet the demands of a new age.\" The 2012 State of the Union Address was a speech given by former President Barack Obama, from 9 p.m. to 10:17 p.m. EST on Tuesday, January 24, 2012, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. In his speech, he focused on education reform, repairing America's infrastructure with money not used on the Iraq War, and creating new energy sources in America. Barack Obama's speech to the Clinton Global Initiative in 2012 took place", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16945950", "score": "1.1867944", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "2008 State of the Union Address", "text": "2008 State of the Union Address The 2008 State of the Union address was a speech given by United States President George W. Bush on Monday, January 28, 2008, at 9:00 p.m. EST to a joint session of Congress. It was the last State of the Union Address of Bush's presidency. The speech was delivered in the United States House of Representatives in the United States Capitol. Sitting behind the president were the presiding officers of the United States Senate, Vice President Dick Cheney, and the United States House of Representatives, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi. The White House indicated beforehand", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11430332", "score": "1.1857474", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "2018 State of the Union Address", "text": "of Kayla Cuevas, who was murdered on Long Island in 2016 by MS-13 gang members, said the White House invited her to attend the State of the Union Address. White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders named several people on January 29 who would attend the address. Among those who were named was a police officer who adopted a baby born to a homeless woman addicted to heroin. Ji Seong-ho, a North Korean defector was invited to the address. On January 17, U.S. Representative Sean Duffy invited U.S. Army veteran Ricky Taylor, better known by his Twitter username as \"Deplorable", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20520684", "score": "1.1838009", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2004 State of the Union Address", "text": "2004 State of the Union Address The 2004 State of the Union Address was a speech given by President of the United States George W. Bush on Tuesday, January 20, 2004, to a joint session of the United States Congress. This address was the last of President Bush's first term. Standing behind the President were Vice President Dick Cheney and Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert. The speech was given 28 months after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center. President Bush begins by saying that the greatest responsibility of the government is to protect all Americans from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9580372", "score": "1.1813896", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "1985 State of the Union Address", "text": "1985 State of the Union Address The 1985 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 99th United States Congress on February 6, 1985. The speech was the first State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term, and his fifth altogether. He stated, \"Our progress began not in Washington, DC, but in the hearts of our families, communities, workplaces, and voluntary groups which, together, are unleashing the invincible spirit of one great nation under God.\" He believed that volunteerism was a key element to the American community. The president", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14397457", "score": "1.1809726", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "State of the Union", "long_answer": "The address fulfills rules in Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically \"give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.\" During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. After 1913, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. President, began the regular practice of delivering the address to Congress in person as a way to rally support for his agenda. With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on many networks.", "chunked_long_answer": "3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically \"give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.\" During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. After 1913, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. President, began the regular practice of delivering the address to Congress in person as a way to rally support for his agenda. With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on many networks.", "short_answers": [ "Woodrow Wilson" ] }

[ "September 1999" ]

[ { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "Since the release of the first novel, The Bad Beginning, in September 1999, the books have gained significant popularity, critical acclaim, and commercial success worldwide, spawning a film, a video game, assorted merchandise and a television series on Netflix. The main thirteen books in the series have collectively sold more than 60 million copies and have been translated into 41 languages. Several companion books set in the same universe of the series have also been released, including Lemony Snicket: The Unauthorized Autobiography, The Beatrice Letters and the noir prequel tetralogy All the Wrong Questions, which chronicles Snicket's youth.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "A Series of Unfortunate Events A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen novels by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Although they are classified \"children's novels\", the books often have a dark, mysterious feeling to them. The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire. After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help of his accomplices as the children attempt to flee. As the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2907513", "score": "1.2039149", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "76 Pick\", and \"The Grim Grotto\" is an Amazon.com Customers' Favorite. A Series of Unfortunate Events A Series of Unfortunate Events is a series of thirteen novels by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Although they are classified \"children's novels\", the books often have a dark, mysterious feeling to them. The books follow the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire. After their parents' death in a fire, the children are placed in the custody of a murderous relative, Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance and, later, orchestrates numerous disasters with the help", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2907565", "score": "1.186213", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "generally been positive, with reviewers saying that the series is enjoyable for children and adults alike, and that it brings fresh and adult themes to children's stories. The Times Online refer to the books as \"a literary phenomenon\", and discuss how the plight of the Baudelaire orphans helps children cope with loss—citing the rise in sales post September 11, 2001 as evidence. Although the series has often been compared to \"Harry Potter\" due to the young heroes and the sales of the two series, reviewer Bruce Butt feels that the series' tone is closer to Roald Dahl and Philip Ardagh.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2907561", "score": "1.0785627", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (also simply known as A Series of Unfortunate Events) is a 2004 American gothic dark comedy film directed by Brad Silberling. It is a film adaptation of \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" by Lemony Snicket, covering the first three novels \"The Bad Beginning\", \"The Reptile Room\", and \"The Wide Window\". The film stars Jim Carrey, Liam Aiken, Emily Browning, Timothy Spall, Catherine O'Hara, Billy Connolly, Cedric the Entertainer, Luis Guzmán, Jennifer Coolidge and Meryl Streep, as well as Jude Law as Lemony Snicket (the pen name", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4189553", "score": "1.0559582", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)", "text": "pen name Lemony Snicket from 1999 to 2006, achieved success in young adult fiction around the same time as the \"Harry Potter\" novels. As such, the Snicket books had been optioned to be filmed before they were published. This led to the development of a 2004 feature film, \"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\", which covered the narratives of the first three novels in the series. Barry Sonnenfeld, who has expressed his love for the series, was originally slated to direct the feature film, and had hired Handler to write the screenplay. About 10 months into production, shortly after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19383179", "score": "1.0329373", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)", "text": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series) Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, or simply A Series of Unfortunate Events, is an American black comedy-drama web television series from Netflix, developed by Mark Hudis and Barry Sonnenfeld, based on Lemony Snicket’s children's novel series of the same name. It stars Neil Patrick Harris, Patrick Warburton, Malina Weissman, Louis Hynes, K. Todd Freeman, and Presley Smith with Lucy Punch, Avi Lake, and Dylan Kingwell joining the cast in the second season. The first season, which premiered on January 13, 2017, consists of eight episodes and adapts the first four books", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19383175", "score": "1.0292373", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "\"The Reptile Room\". Handler later commented that the word's use was \"precipitated by a long discussion of how one should never say this word, since only a villain would do so vile a thing! This is exactly the lily-liveredness of children's books that I can't stand.\" Access to the books was similarly restricted at Katy ISD Elementary School in Katy, Texas. The series has also been criticized for formulaic and repetitive storytelling. \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" has been printed in 41 different languages, selling at least sixty-five million copies as of 2015. In addition to its strong reviews, \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2907563", "score": "1.0250958", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Lemony Snicket bibliography", "text": "Lemony Snicket bibliography This is a list of books by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Works published under the name Daniel Handler are not included. Snicket has published 26 fiction novels, thirteen in the main \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" franchise. His works have been translated into more than 40 languages, and have sold more than 65 million copies. \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" is a series of children's novels which follows the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire after their parents' death in an arsonous house fire. The children are placed in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13574390", "score": "1.0230026", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Lemony Snicket bibliography", "text": "way that moods (both bad and good) are spread through simple actions. Lemony Snicket bibliography This is a list of books by Lemony Snicket, the pen name of American author Daniel Handler. Works published under the name Daniel Handler are not included. Snicket has published 26 fiction novels, thirteen in the main \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" franchise. His works have been translated into more than 40 languages, and have sold more than 65 million copies. \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" is a series of children's novels which follows the turbulent lives of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire after their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13574430", "score": "1.0105687", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "seen) was released in 2004 by Adrenium Games and Activision for the PlayStation 2, GameCube, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, and the PC as \"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\". The player plays as all three orphans at points in the game, and encounters characters such as Mr. Poe, Uncle Monty and Aunt Josephine, along with villains such as Count Olaf, the hook-handed man, the white-faced women, and the bald-headed man. The game, like the movie, follows only the first three books in the series. Although never mentioned in the game, there are some references to V.F.D., such as in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4189586", "score": "1.0030333", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (video game)", "text": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (video game) Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events is a game based on the Lemony Snicket book series and the 2004 film of the same name. The game is based primarily on the film, which in turn is based on the plots of the first three books of the series: \"The Bad Beginning\", \"The Reptile Room\" and \"The Wide Window\". Players take the roles of Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire, solving puzzles, fighting villains and finding objects. Players encounter characters such as Mr. Poe, Uncle Monty and Aunt Josephine, along with villains", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5871946", "score": "0.990837", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "of American writer Daniel Handler). Nickelodeon Movies purchased the film rights to Daniel Handler's book series in 2000 and soon began development of a film with Barry Sonnenfeld attached to direct. Handler adapted the screenplay and courted Jim Carrey for Count Olaf. Sonnenfeld eventually left over budget concerns in January 2003 and Brad Silberling took over. Robert Gordon rewrote Handler's script, and principal photography started in November 2003. \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" was entirely shot using sound stages and backlots at Paramount Pictures and Downey Studios. The film received positive reviews, with many praising Carrey's performance, while some criticized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4189554", "score": "0.9876983", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Brett Helquist", "text": "magazines and newspapers in his downtime. He has been published in the children's magazine \"Cricket\", and \"The New York Times\". He is represented by Steven Malk of Writers House in New York City. In August 2017, Helquist donated several boxes filled with early sketches of his illustrations for \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" to BYU's Special Collections department. These sketches were displayed at BYU in fall 2017. Besides the thirteen \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" books, Helquist has provided illustrations for nearly 50 books, varying from children's books to young adult novels. Helquist produced new cover illustrations for a reprint", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4693824", "score": "0.9860132", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)", "text": "and deepening the novel series' mythology. Dornbush also praised the performance of guest stars such as Lucy Punch and Patrick Warburton and awarded the second season 7.2 stars. A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series) Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, or simply A Series of Unfortunate Events, is an American black comedy-drama web television series from Netflix, developed by Mark Hudis and Barry Sonnenfeld, based on Lemony Snicket’s children's novel series of the same name. It stars Neil Patrick Harris, Patrick Warburton, Malina Weissman, Louis Hynes, K. Todd Freeman, and Presley Smith with Lucy Punch, Avi Lake, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19383203", "score": "0.9807082", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Misfortunes of Mr. Teal", "text": "alias The Saint. The original title of the book, however, refers to the character of Claud Eustace Teal, an inspector with Scotland Yard and a recurring adversary of Templar's. The book consisted of the following stories: Some later editions include a Foreword by Charteris apologising for the \"dated\" nature of the stories. The Misfortunes of Mr. Teal The Misfortunes of Mr. Teal is a collection of three mystery novellas by Leslie Charteris, first published in the United Kingdom in May 1934 by Hodder and Stoughton and the United States by The Crime Club. The book was republished under two additional", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7970479", "score": "0.9712825", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "premiered on January 13, 2017. The first season consisted of eight episodes, and adapts the first four books of the series. \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" season two was released on March 30, 2018, which contains 10 episodes, adapting books five through nine of the novel series. The third and final season is set to be released on January 1, 2019 and will adapt the four remaining books in seven episodes. A video game based on the books and film (more so the film, as the name and many plot elements seen in the movie but not the book are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4189585", "score": "0.9628509", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "writing, with the plot evolution throughout the later novels being cited as an exploration of the psychological process of transition from the idyllic innocence of childhood to the moral complexity of maturity. Likewise, the final installments of the series are also acknowledged for their escalatingly intricate ethical ambiguity toward philosophical ambivalence, as the nature of some of the Baudelaires' actions becomes increasingly harder to discern from those of their antagonist counterparts and more characters are revealed to be responsible for permanent wrongdoing, despite their identification with the self-proclaimed good side of the tale. Since the release of the first novel,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2907515", "score": "0.96150476", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Daniel Handler", "text": "seriousness\". He served as a judge for the PEN/Phyllis Naylor Working Writer Fellowship in 2012. In 2016, he founded Per Diem Press, a poetry competition for young writers. He awarded $1,000 to three prize winners and published a chapbook with their work. Handler wrote the bestselling series of 13 novels \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" under the Snicket pseudonym from 1999 to 2006. The books concern three orphaned children who experience increasingly terrible events following the death of their parents and burning of their home (done by a man named Count Olaf and his troupe of associates), and Snicket acts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "840570", "score": "0.96118003", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "reads, \"Although it softens the nasty edges of its source material, \"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\" is a gothic visual treat, and it features a hilariously manic turn from Jim Carrey as the evil Count Olaf.\" On Metacritic, gave the film a score of 62 out of 100, based on 37 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Robert K. Elder of the \"Chicago Tribune\" praised Rick Heinrichs's production design and Jim Carrey for having a balanced performance as a scene stealer. Elder called the film \"exceptionally clever, hilariously gloomy and bitingly subversive.\" Desson Thomson from \"The Washington Post\" reasoned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4189577", "score": "0.94861245", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Cyril M. Kornbluth", "text": "Robinson praised this collection, saying \"I haven't enjoyed a book so much in years.\" Mark Rich wrote, \"Critics judging Kornbluth by this anthology, edited by Pohl, have seen a growing bitterness in his later stories. This reflects editorial choice more than reality, because Kornbluth also wrote delightful humor in his last years, in stories not collected here. These tales demonstrate Kornbluth's effective use of everyday individuals from a variety of ethnic backgrounds as well as his well-tuned ear for dialect.\" Kornbluth's name is mentioned in Lemony Snicket's \"Series of Unfortunate Events\" as a member of V.F.D., a secret organization dedicated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "94922", "score": "0.9480815", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "entirely in \"The Grim Grotto\". All of the recordings include a loosely related song by The Gothic Archies, a novelty band of which Handler is a member, featuring lyrics by Handler's Magnetic Fields bandmate Stephin Merritt. In October 2006, \"The Tragic Treasury: Songs from A Series of Unfortunate Events\" by The Gothic Archies was released. The album is a collection of thirteen songs written and performed by Stephin Merritt (of The Magnetic Fields), each one originally appearing on one of the corresponding thirteen audiobooks of the series. Two bonus songs are included. Reviews for \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" have", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2907560", "score": "0.9473988", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "The Bad Beginning", "text": "to \"The House of the Eye\" (), and the Japanese version 最悪のはじまり translates to \"The Worst Beginning\" (Soshisha, 2001: ). The Bad Beginning The Bad Beginning is the first novel of the children's novel series \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" by Lemony Snicket. The novel tells the story of three children, Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire, who become orphans following a fire and are sent to live with Count Olaf, who attempts to steal their inheritance. The book was published on September 30, 1999, by Scholastic Inc. and illustrated by Brett Helquist. An audiobook was released in 2003, several special", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3151842", "score": "0.94489753", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "All the Wrong Questions", "text": "All the Wrong Questions All the Wrong Questions is a four-part children's book series and prequel to \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" by Lemony Snicket (the pen name of American author Daniel Handler). The series explores Snicket's childhood apprenticeship to the secret society V.F.D and expands the fictional universe introduced in the novel \"The Bad Beginning\", the first of thirteen installments in the \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" books. Handler signed with Egmont Publishing (UK) in August 2009 and Little, Brown and Company (U.S.) in November 2009 to begin working on the series. Although the author switched from his former", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14221452", "score": "0.9410219", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "reading Handler's original script. The actor was not cast until Silberling took over, then her character's accent was changed to American. Nickelodeon Movies purchased the film rights to the \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" novel series in May 2000. Paramount Pictures, owner of Nickelodeon Movies, agreed to co-finance, along with Scott Rudin. Various directors, including Terry Gilliam and Roman Polanski, were interested in making the film. One of author Daniel Handler's favorite candidates was Guy Maddin. In June 2002, Barry Sonnenfeld was hired to direct. He was chosen because he previously collaborated with Rudin and because of his black comedy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4189564", "score": "0.9401573", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Sudden", "text": "published, but when Oliver Strange continued the series, he went back and forth with Sudden's history and so the publication order is not the same as the chronological order. All Sudden novels are out of print today. Oliver Strange wrote 10 Sudden books – Frederick H. Christian wrote 5 Sudden books – Sudden Series Sudden James Green aka Sudden is a fictional character created by an English author Oliver Strange in the early 1930s as the hero of a series, originally published by George Newnes Books Ltd, set in the American Wild West era. Oliver Strange died in 1952, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5250409", "score": "0.9380177", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Eliza Haywood", "text": "a party change around the time of the reconciliation of George II with Robert Walpole. She wrote a series of parallel histories, beginning with 1724's \"Memoirs of a Certain Island, Adjacent to Utopia\", and then \"The Secret History of the Present Intrigues of the Court of Caramania\" in 1727. She published \"Memoirs of an Unfortunate Young Nobleman\" in 1743. In 1746 she started another journal, \"The Parrot\", which got her questioned by the government for political statements about Charles Edward Stuart, as she was writing just after the Jacobite rising of 1745. This would happen again with the publication of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3925257", "score": "0.93612474", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events", "text": "the colors of the cover. A paperback release of the series, featuring restyled covers, new illustrations and a serial supplement entitled \"The Cornucopian Cavalcade\" happened with \"\", \"The Reptile Room: or, Murder!\", and \"The Wide Window: or, Disappearance!\", but stopped after the third. Humorous quotes from the series were used in a book published under the Snicket name, \"\". Lemony Snicket's \"All the Wrong Questions\" is a four-part young adult series focused on Snicket's childhood working for V.F.D. It is set in the same universe as \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" and features several of the same characters and locations.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2907548", "score": "0.93445474", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Helen Bailey", "text": "\"Felicity Wishes\" series. In all, she had 22 books of short stories, picture books and young-adult fiction published. In February 2011, her husband John Sinfield drowned while swimming when the couple were on holiday in Barbados. They had been together for 22 years, and married for the last 15. Her first book for adults, \"When Bad Things Happen in Good Bikinis\" (2015), was based on her Planet Grief blog which sets out her \"journey through grief\" after he died. It was described in \"The Guardian\" as \"a painful and companionable account of coming to terms with life without her husband.\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19622622", "score": "0.9336001", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "The Unfortunate Mother", "text": "The Unfortunate Mother The Unfortunate Mother is a tragic play by Thomas Nabbes, first published in 1640 (and written sometime prior to that) but not performed until 2013, almost 400 years later. The play was published in 1640 \"by J.O. for Daniell Frere ... to be sold at the Signe of the Red Bull in Little Britaine\", with a dedication to Richard Brathwaite, a stranger to him, whom he apologises for addressing. It is said to have been written as a rival to Shirley's ‘Politician,’ but was never acted, owing to the refusal of the actors to undertake the performance.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18630102", "score": "0.9335358", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "A Series of Unfortunate Events", "long_answer": "Since the release of the first novel, The Bad Beginning, in September 1999, the books have gained significant popularity, critical acclaim, and commercial success worldwide, spawning a film, a video game, assorted merchandise and a television series on Netflix. The main thirteen books in the series have collectively sold more than 60 million copies and have been translated into 41 languages. Several companion books set in the same universe of the series have also been released, including Lemony Snicket: The Unauthorized Autobiography, The Beatrice Letters and the noir prequel tetralogy All the Wrong Questions, which chronicles Snicket's youth.", "chunked_long_answer": "Since the release of the first novel, The Bad Beginning, in September 1999, the books have gained significant popularity, critical acclaim, and commercial success worldwide, spawning a film, a video game, assorted merchandise and a television series on Netflix. The main thirteen books in the series have collectively sold more than 60 million copies and have been translated into 41 languages. Several companion books set in the same universe of the series have also been released, including Lemony Snicket: The Unauthorized Autobiography, The Beatrice Letters and the noir prequel tetralogy All the Wrong Questions, which chronicles Snicket's youth.", "short_answers": [ "September 1999" ] }

[ "1976", "2017/18" ]

[ { "title": "Minnesota Vikings", "text": "The Minneapolis Miracle was the final play of the 2017/18 Divisional Round game against the New Orleans Saints. The Vikings were trailing by one point and needed a field goal or touchdown to secure a trip to the NFC Championship Game. With less than ten seconds remaining in the game quarterback Case Keenum lobbed the ball to wide receiver Stefon Diggs, which became the game-winning touchdown. This also happens to be the very first walk-off victory in NFL playoff history. On KFAN 100.3, radio announcer, Paul Allen dubbed the play the 'Minneapolis Miracle'. They would go on to the NFC", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2009 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "NFC Championship Game in team history, and their first appearance since the 2000 season with a 13–4 record. Brett Favre became the oldest player to start and win a playoff game, but also won his first postseason game in four against Dallas. This would be the Vikings' final win in a playoff game until (after) 2017. Coming off their dominant divisional home win over the Cowboys, the Vikings flew to the Louisiana Superdome for the NFC Championship Game against the top-seeded New Orleans Saints. Minnesota delivered the opening strike in the first quarter with running back Adrian Peterson's 19-yard touchdown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12843993", "score": "1.133007", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Minnesota Vikings", "text": "the second time in three years in 2017, finishing with a 13–3 record that saw them go into the playoffs as the number 2 seed in the NFC. In the divisional round, they came up against the New Orleans Saints. With less than 10 seconds remaining in the game and trailing by a single point, the Vikings lined up on 3rd-and-10 on their own 39-yard line. Quarterback Case Keenum threw the ball to wide receiver Stefon Diggs inside field goal range near the right sideline, giving the receiver a chance to get out of bounds with just enough time for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "271675", "score": "1.101246", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "2009 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "on Sunday night would make Minnesota repeat division champions for the first time since 1978, when they won six consecutive NFC Central titles. Also, if the Eagles lost against San Francisco, the Vikings would also clinch a first-round bye in the NFC playoffs. Coming off their home win over the Bengals, the Vikings flew to Bank of America Stadium to face the Carolina Panthers in a Week 15 Sunday Night duel. The Vikings clinched the NFC North about an hour before the game thanks in part to Pittsburgh's 37–36 last-second win over the Packers. With a win, the Vikings would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12843981", "score": "1.0868349", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "History of the Minnesota Vikings", "text": "fourth NFC Championship Game in five years at Texas Stadium. Minnesota lost to the eventual Super Bowl champions, 23–6. By 1978, age was taking its toll on the Vikings, but they still took advantage of a weak division to make the playoffs with an 8–7–1 record. The team had all but run out of gas as the Rams finally defeated them 34–10 in Los Angeles. Fran Tarkenton retired at the end of the season just short of his 39th birthday. With Tommy Kramer taking over as quarterback, the Vikings fell to a 7–9 record in 1979. After that season ended,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862140", "score": "1.0832415", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Minnesota Vikings", "text": "game against a divisional opponent, although Bridgewater set a franchise record for wins by a rookie starting quarterback. On January 3, 2016, the Vikings beat divisional rival Green Bay 20–13 to win the NFC North for the first time since 2009. The Vikings, led by their top 5 defense, ended the 2015 season with an 11–5 record, and a #3 seed in the playoffs. However, they lost to the Seattle Seahawks 10–9 after Blair Walsh missed a 27-yard field goal in the third coldest game in NFL playoff history. The Vikings were responsible for a historic milestone in the late", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "271671", "score": "1.0751817", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "2008 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "2008 Minnesota Vikings season The 2008 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 48th in the NFL and their third under head coach Brad Childress. They won their 17th NFC North title with a 10–6 record, the first time since 2000 that they made the playoffs and finished with a winning record, but had to play in the wild card round of the playoffs, where they were paired with Childress's former team, the Philadelphia Eagles, who ended the Vikings' season with a 26–14 win. Second-year running back Adrian Peterson led the league in rushing with 1,760 yards. On February 11, it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11404636", "score": "1.0721017", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Minnesota Vikings", "text": "lost their final two games to finish the season at 8–8 and missed the playoffs. In Week 13 of the 2008 season against the Bears, Gus Frerotte hooked up with Bernard Berrian and set the record for longest play in franchise history with a 99-yard touchdown pass. In the 2009 season, Adrian Peterson led the NFL with 1760 rushing yards, breaking the franchise record. The Vikings clinched the NFC North championship for the first time after defeating the New York Giants 20–19 in Week 17, when kicker Ryan Longwell made the game-winning field goal. Peterson had 19 carries for 109", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "271654", "score": "1.0718681", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "1969 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "ALCS at Metropolitan Stadium on Monday, October 6. 1969 Minnesota Vikings season The 1969 season was the Minnesota Vikings' ninth season in the National Football League. With a 12–2 record, the Vikings won the NFL Central division title, before beating the Los Angeles Rams in the Western Conference Championship Game, and the Cleveland Browns in the last NFL Championship Game ever played in the pre-merger era. With these wins, the Vikings became the last team to possess the Ed Thorp Memorial Trophy, introduced 35 years earlier in 1934. However, Minnesota lost Super Bowl IV in New Orleans to the AFL", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9975449", "score": "1.0659139", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "History of the Minnesota Vikings", "text": "NFC Championship resulted in a score of only 14–9. In Week 2, the Vikings fell at home to Miami for the first time since 1979 (with the score being 14–10). Favre threw four interceptions in the two games, although that was in part because of the team's inadequate receiver corps. They did manage to win in Week 3 against the Lions, but mostly due to the efforts of Adrian Peterson, who ran for an 80-yard touchdown in the third quarter. With the Vikings' passing game still in disarray, Favre threw one touchdown pass and two interceptions. During the bye week,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862197", "score": "1.063633", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Dennis Green", "text": "currently hold this record). The Vikings advanced to the NFC Championship game, losing to the Atlanta Falcons after Atlanta's Morten Andersen made a field goal in overtime. In 2001, the Vikings finished with a losing record for the first time in Green's decade with the team. The Vikings bought out Green's contract on January 4, 2002. Assistant coach Mike Tice led the team in their final regular season game against the Baltimore Ravens, and was eventually hired as the head coach. After spending two seasons as an analyst for ESPN, Green was hired as head coach by the Arizona Cardinals", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4347007", "score": "1.0596966", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "History of the Minnesota Vikings", "text": "Detroit to close 2010 at 6–10 and a last place finish in the NFC North for the first time since 1991, the last year Jerry Burns was the head coach. With Favre's retirement and Tarvaris Jackson's departures at the end of the season, Joe Webb was widely expected to take over as the starting QB. However, the Vikings front office reportedly did not believe he was suitable for the position and the team instead drafted Florida State QB Christian Ponder with the 12th overall pick in the 2011 draft. Aside from drafting Ponder, the Vikings also had to deal with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862207", "score": "1.0585418", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "History of the Minnesota Vikings", "text": "yards in a playoff game with 227 yards. The Vikings played the Washington Redskins in the NFC Championship Game on January 17, 1988, at RFK Stadium. Trailing 17–10, the Vikings drove to the Redskins 6-yard line with a little over a minute left in the game but failed to get the ball into the end zone. Running back Darrin Nelson dropped a pass from Wade Wilson at the goal line to officially end the Vikings' hopes of a Super Bowl. Nelson would later be traded to the Dallas Cowboys in possibly the worst trade in NFL history, the Herschel Walker", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862148", "score": "1.0568812", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2008 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "pass to RB Matt Forté, while Minnesota answered with RB Chester Taylor getting a 21-yard TD run. In the fourth quarter, the Vikes pulled away as RB Adrian Peterson got a 1-yard TD run, while Longwell nailed a 27-yard field goal. With the win, the Vikings improved to 7–5 and took first place in the NFC North for the first time since early in the 2007 season. Fresh off their divisional home win over the Bears on Sunday night, the Vikings flew to Ford Field for a Week 14 NFC North rematch with the winless Detroit Lions. Late in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11404667", "score": "1.0565779", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "History of the Minnesota Vikings", "text": "North extinguished when the Bears defeated the Packers earlier in the day, the Vikings were officially eliminated from NFC playoff contention with a 30–23 loss to the Baltimore Ravens. The Vikings won their last game of the 2005 season against the Bears, with a 34–10 victory. However, the Vikings fired head coach Mike Tice immediately following the game. They ended up with a 9–7 record and one win away from the playoffs. Prior to the 2006 season, the Vikings hired Brad Childress as the 7th head coach in Vikings history. The Vikings started their season with two narrow victories.They edged", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862170", "score": "1.0561945", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2009 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "show hosts and sports analysts were convinced that a red-hot Dallas team was going to end the Vikings' explosive season with Brett Favre. Tony Romo had been throwing more accurately than ever, and because the Vikings had a week off, even their own fans were feeling the pressure of facing a tough Dallas team. Entering the playoffs as the NFC's number 2 seed, the Vikings began their playoff run at home in the NFC Divisional Round against the number 3 Dallas Cowboys. Minnesota delivered the opening strike in the first quarter as quarterback Brett Favre found wide receiver Sidney Rice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12843991", "score": "1.0555431", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "2008 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "would clinch their 17th division title, and their first since 2000. Coming off their road rout of the Cardinals, the Vikings went home for a Week 16 battle with the Atlanta Falcons; a win would give the Vikings their first division title since 2000, and their first NFC North title. Minnesota trailed early in the first quarter as Falcons running back Michael Turner got a 1-yard touchdown run. The Vikings would respond with quarterback Tarvaris Jackson completing a 21-yard touchdown pass to tight end Visanthe Shiancoe. However, Atlanta would answer in the second quarter with quarterback Matt Ryan completing an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11404672", "score": "1.0538741", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2004 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "in NFL history to have a .500 record (8–8) in the regular season and win a playoff game (the first team to do it was the St. Louis Rams, who beat the Seattle Seahawks 27–20 the day before the Vikings–Packers game took place). In the divisional round, the Vikings were defeated 27–14 by the eventual NFC champion Philadelphia Eagles and did not return to the playoffs for four years. Following the season, Randy Moss was traded to the Oakland Raiders; he returned briefly to the Vikings in 2010. The Vikings kicked off the season hosting the Bill Parcells coached Dallas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9852193", "score": "1.0535295", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "1998 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "rolled past the Arizona Cardinals 41–21, and came into the Metrodome heavily favored for their NFC title showdown with the Atlanta Falcons, who had finished 14–2. Leading 20–7 just before halftime, some would argue that the Vikings got greedy with their playcalling, as they called a deep pass play on third down, which led to a Cunningham fumble deep in Minnesota territory. Shortly thereafter, the Falcons scored to cut the lead to 20–14. The Vikings were again leading 27–20 with two minutes left in the fourth quarter and had a chance to potentially put the game out of reach with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9741246", "score": "1.0534179", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "History of the Minnesota Vikings", "text": "playoff berth ended when they lost to the Washington Redskins 32–21 on NBC's \"Sunday Night Football.\" The Vikings then dropped their final regular season game against the Denver Broncos at Invesco Field 22–19. However, unlike in 2004, the Vikings had an 8–8 record but did not make the playoffs. Adrian Peterson also won the NFL's Rookie of the Year award. To replace departing free agent quarterbacks Kelly Holcomb and Brooks Bollinger, the Vikings signed veteran Gus Frerotte, a former Vikings backup from 2003 to 2004, and drafted USC quarterback John David Booty. To amp up the passing attack, the Vikings", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9862182", "score": "1.0530862", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2009 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "2009 Minnesota Vikings season The 2009 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 49th in the National Football League and their fourth under head coach Brad Childress. The Vikings improved upon their 10–6 record and defended their NFC North title from 2008, their first successful defense of a divisional title since they won six NFC Central titles in a row between 1973 and 1978. They beat the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC Divisional Playoff at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, but lost the NFC Championship Game in overtime to the eventual Super Bowl champion New Orleans Saints, missing out on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12843941", "score": "1.0528355", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2009 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "Danny Ware. With the win, the Vikings improved to 12–4, the franchise's best record since the 15–1 1998 campaign. With Dallas beating Philadelphia 24–0 later in the day, the Vikings clinched a first-round bye. Brett Favre threw at least four TD passes for the third time this season, as well as being honored with his third NFC Offensive Player of the Week award. The three awards are the most he has received in one season in his 19-year NFL career. As the NFC second-seed, the Minnesota Vikings received a bye to the Divisional Round. This game began while many TV", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12843990", "score": "1.0499632", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "1973 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "in the NFC Divisional Playoff game at home and went on to upset the Dallas Cowboys 27–10 in Irving, Texas to win the NFC Championship, before losing 24–7 to the Miami Dolphins in Super Bowl VIII at Rice Stadium in Houston. Notes The day of this game was declared \"Karl Kassulke Day\" in honor of former Viking safety Karl Kassulke, who was left paralyzed in a motorcycle accident just before the beginning of training camp. 1973 Minnesota Vikings season The 1973 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 13th in the National Football League. With a 12–2 record, the Vikings regained the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9975473", "score": "1.0472944", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2009 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "both Green Bay and Chicago lost their games (to Tampa Bay 38–28 and Arizona 41–21 respectively), allowing the Vikings to gain a three-game lead in the division standings and moving them a step closer to qualification for the playoffs and first round bye. Coming off their bye week, the Vikings were at home and met in an NFC North duel with the Detroit Lions, who hadn't won in the Metrodome since 1997. In the first quarter, the Vikings scored the period's only points as kicker Ryan Longwell nailed a 22-yard field goal. They increased their lead in the second quarter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12843968", "score": "1.0472808", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Minnesota Vikings", "text": "be the first NFC Championship game for the team since the 2000 season. Minnesota would travel to New Orleans the following week to face the top-seeded Saints in the first conference championship game held at the Superdome. Despite out-gaining the Saints on offense by nearly a twofold margin, the Vikings were severely hindered by five turnovers, including a Favre interception in the final minute of the fourth quarter in Saints territory. They were ousted in overtime, 31–28, as the Saints won the coin toss and kicked a 40-yard field goal on the first possession of overtime. In the first week", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "271659", "score": "1.0471914", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Adrian Peterson", "text": "yards only once in the final five regular season games and one playoff game. In the first quarter of a narrow loss at Arizona in Week 14, Peterson scored his 100th career touchdown. Week 17 saw the Vikings defeat the Green Bay Packers for the NFC North Division Championship. In the game, Peterson recovered a Teddy Bridgewater fumble late in regulation to help preserve the victory. Peterson was just the third player in history over the age of 30 to lead the NFL in single-season rushing yards. He finished with a league-high 327 carries for 1,485 rushing yards and 11", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12415174", "score": "1.0445213", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Minnesota Vikings", "text": "Divisional Playoff game, they beat the 13–2 San Francisco 49ers 36–24 at Candlestick Park. During that game, Anthony Carter set the all-time record for most receiving yards in a playoff game with 227 yards. The Vikings played the Washington Redskins in the NFC Championship Game on January 17, 1988, at RFK Stadium. Trailing 17–10, the Vikings drove to the Redskins' 6-yard line with a little over a minute left in the game, but failed to get the ball into the end zone. The Vikings' hopes of a Super Bowl ended when Darrin Nelson dropped a pass from Wade Wilson on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "271639", "score": "1.0422921", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2008 Minnesota Vikings season", "text": "touchdown pass to running back Brian Westbrook, followed by an Akers 45-yard field goal. Try as they might, the Vikings were unable to build any momentum to mount a rally. With the loss, the Vikings' season ended with an overall record of 10–7. 2008 Minnesota Vikings season The 2008 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 48th in the NFL and their third under head coach Brad Childress. They won their 17th NFC North title with a 10–6 record, the first time since 2000 that they made the playoffs and finished with a winning record, but had to play in the wild", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11404677", "score": "1.0420244", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Minnesota Vikings", "text": "from 1989 to 1991. In his 10 seasons as the coach of the Vikings, Green won four NFC Central division titles, had eight playoff appearances, two NFC Championship Game appearances and an all-time record of 97–62. The Vikings therefore had the fifth highest winning percentage among all NFL teams during the regular season in the 1990s. 1998 was a year to remember for the franchise. With a spectacular offense led by quarterback Randall Cunningham (who replaced an injured Brad Johnson), running back Robert Smith, veteran wide receiver Cris Carter, and explosive rookie Randy Moss, the Vikings set a then-NFL record", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "271642", "score": "1.0420074", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Todd Kalis", "text": "The Vikings finished the regular season 11–5 and reached the NFL playoffs as a NFC Wild Card team and beat the Los Angeles Rams 28-17 on December 26, 1988. The following week the Vikings met the San Francisco 49ers in the NFC Division Playoffs on January 1, 1989 at Candlestick Park and lost the game 34–9. The San Francisco 49ers went on to win Super Bowl XXIII. The Minnesota Vikings finished the season 2nd in the NFC Central Division. In 1989 Kalis was given the opportunity to compete for the starting right guard position on the offensive line. He was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11113275", "score": "1.0419593", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Minnesota Vikings", "long_answer": "The Minneapolis Miracle was the final play of the 2017/18 Divisional Round game against the New Orleans Saints. The Vikings were trailing by one point and needed a field goal or touchdown to secure a trip to the NFC Championship Game. With less than ten seconds remaining in the game quarterback Case Keenum lobbed the ball to wide receiver Stefon Diggs, which became the game-winning touchdown. This also happens to be the very first walk-off victory in NFL playoff history. On KFAN 100.3, radio announcer, Paul Allen dubbed the play the 'Minneapolis Miracle'. They would go on to the NFC Championship for the opportunity to be playing in the Super Bowl within their own stadium. This would end up not happening as the Vikings would lose to the eventual Super Bowl champion Philadelphia Eagles 38-7.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Minneapolis Miracle was the final play of the 2017/18 Divisional Round game against the New Orleans Saints. The Vikings were trailing by one point and needed a field goal or touchdown to secure a trip to the NFC Championship Game. With less than ten seconds remaining in the game quarterback Case Keenum lobbed the ball to wide receiver Stefon Diggs, which became the game-winning touchdown. This also happens to be the very first walk-off victory in NFL playoff history. On KFAN 100.3, radio announcer, Paul Allen dubbed the play the 'Minneapolis Miracle'. They would go on to the NFC", "short_answers": [ "2017/18" ] }

[ "Hugo & Luigi" ]

[ { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\" is a song by American recording artist Sam Cooke, released on December 22, 1964, by RCA Victor. Produced by Hugo & Luigi and arranged and conducted by René Hall, the song was the B-side to \"Shake\".", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "on YouTube which has gone viral on Facebook and other social networking sites... The words “A change is gonna come” are on a wall of the Contemplative Court, a space for reflection in the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture; the museum opened in 2016. A Change Is Gonna Come \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" is a song by American recording artist Sam Cooke. It initially appeared on Cooke's album \"Ain't That Good News\", released March 1, 1964 by RCA Victor; a slightly edited version of the recording was released as a single on December 22, 1964.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346704", "score": "1.1813014", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "A Long Time Coming (A Change Is Gonna Come)", "text": "A Long Time Coming (A Change Is Gonna Come) A Long Time Coming (A Change Is Gonna Come) is the eighth album released by R&B singer Evelyn \"Champagne\" King on the RCA label in 1985. It was produced by Theodore Life, Hawk, René & Angela, Bobby Watson, Allen George, and Fred McFarlane. The album peaked at #38 on the R&B albums chart. It produced the hit singles \"Your Personal Touch\", \"High Horse\", and \"Slow Down\". The album was digitally remastered and reissued on CD with bonus tracks in 2008 by Blue Bird Records and again in 2014 by Funky Town", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15632093", "score": "1.1361368", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "cover of the song \"touched\" her fans and the people who loved Detroit. Latifah Muhammad of the Black Entertainment Television wrote that Knowles' \"powerful\" rendition of the song came right on time. An editor for \"Essence\" described Knowles' cover as a \"moving tribute to Detroit\". Jordan Sargent of \"Spin\" wrote, \"It all might come off as a bit heavy-handed if it wasn't for the fact that, well, Beyonce absolutely slays the cover.\" Lauren Moraski from CBS News described the tribute to the city as \"touching\". In 2013 15-year-old Dwayne Cooke released a video of himself singing \"A Change Gonna Come\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346703", "score": "1.1349089", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "has come to America.\" A duet of the song by Bettye LaVette and Jon Bon Jovi was included in . In Washington DC, in the days leading up to the Inauguration of Barack Obama, this song could be heard played constantly in the city centre. In 2004, Patti LaBelle performed the song on the annual Nobel Peace Prize Concert to a standing ovation. Julian Casablancas, lead singer of popular rock band The Strokes, has cited \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" as his favorite song of all time. In 2009, Aaron Neville, along with the Mt. Zion Mass Choir, released a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346698", "score": "1.1320007", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "song on their 2003 DVD \"Live at the Beacon Theatre\". Other notable artists who have covered the song include: In recent years, the song has served as a sample for rappers Ghostface Killah (1996), Ja Rule (2003), Papoose (2006), Lil Wayne (2007) \"Long Time Coming (remix)\" Charles Hamilton, Asher Roth, and B.o.B (2009), and Nas's It Was Written album also features a similar opening as the song. On their album The Reunion hip-hop artists Capone-N-Noreaga used an excerpt from the song on the opening track which shares the same title as the Cooke original. British soul singer Beverley Knight says", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346696", "score": "1.1184739", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "version of the song “A Change Is Gonna Come” on the compilation album \"\". \"American Idol\" creator/producer Simon Fuller selected the song for contestant Adam Lambert to sing in the season 8 finale in May, 2009. It was also covered by season 9 semifinalist Lilly Scott in March 2010. In 2010, one of the finalists of the British \"The X Factor\", Rebecca Ferguson, sang the song for her audition, impressing judges Simon Cowell, Louis Walsh and guest judge Nicole Scherzinger. The song was performed in the 2011 Miss America Pageant by Miss Kentucky, Djuan Trent. In 2011, jazz group Afro-Blue", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346699", "score": "1.1142182", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "both felt it would become a milestone moment in Cooke's career, but it was overshadowed by the Beatles' performance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" on CBS just two days later. The song was issued on March 1 as a track on Cooke's album \"Ain't That Good News\". It would not be issued as a single for another nine months. Cooke elected not to perform \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" again in his lifetime, both because of the complexity of the arrangement and because of the ominous nature of the song. When shown to his protégé Bobby Womack, his response was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346691", "score": "1.1058394", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "Louisiana. Cooke felt compelled to write a song that spoke to his struggle and of those around him, and that pertained to the Civil Rights Movement and African Americans. The song contains the refrain, \"It's been a long time coming, but I know a change is gonna come.\" Though only a modest hit for Cooke in comparison with his previous singles, \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" is widely considered Cooke's best composition and has been voted among the best songs ever released by various publications. In 2007, the song was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress, with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346680", "score": "1.0594573", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "my knees.'\" \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" was recorded on January 30, 1964, at RCA Studios in Hollywood, California. The engineer present was Wally Heider, and the session was conducted and arranged by René Hall. The musicians also recorded \"Falling in Love\" the same day. Credits adapted from the liner notes to the 2003 compilation \"\". Cooke first performed \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" on \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\" on February 7, 1964. Cooke’s new manager, Allen Klein, was infatuated with the song and persuaded Cooke to do away with promoting his most recent single, \"Ain't That Good", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346689", "score": "1.0591573", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "was recently selected by the Library of Congress as one of twenty-five selected recordings to the National Recording Registry as of March 2007. The song is currently ranked as the 46th greatest song of all time, as well as the third best song of 1964, by Acclaimed Music. NPR called the song \"one of the most important songs of the civil rights era.\" Despite its acclaim, legal troubles have haunted the single since its release. A dispute between Cooke's music publisher, ABKCO, and record company, RCA Records, made the recording unavailable for much of the four decades since its release.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346694", "score": "1.0514939", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "the song is her all-time favorite and has performed it live many a time; most notably on 'Later with Jools Holland'. On May 6, 2008, during the seventh season of \"American Idol\", the song was sung by contestant Syesha Mercado as the remaining top 4. It was also sung by Joshua Ledet during the Top 7 episode of season 11 (2012), for which he received a standing ovation from the audience. After winning the 2008 United States presidential election, Barack Obama referred to the song, stating to his supporters in Chicago, \"It's been a long time coming, but tonight, change", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346697", "score": "1.048303", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come (Grey's Anatomy)", "text": "A Change Is Gonna Come (Grey's Anatomy) \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" is the fourth season premiere of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and the 62nd episode of the overall series. The premiere focused on the aftermath of the main characters' promotion to residency, following the conclusion of their internship. The episode was the first not to feature Isaiah Washington, portraying Preston Burke, due to his being fired from the series at the conclusion of the third season. The installment marked Chyler Leigh's promotion to series regular status, following her guest appearances in the last two episodes of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14775054", "score": "1.0423651", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come (Grey's Anatomy)", "text": "a guest star in the following seasons. Also introduced in \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" is the new generation of interns, all of whom were portrayed in co-star capacity, with the exception of Lexie. \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" was the first episode not to feature Washington's character, Burke. Washington was officially fired from the series, following an on-set incident with Knight and Dempsey, which had been in the media attention since the commencement of the production for the third season. News reports surfaced that Washington had insulted co-star Knight with a homophobic slur. Following the exposure of the argument,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14775067", "score": "1.0251869", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come (Grey's Anatomy)", "text": "previous episode, which received an 8.0 rating. Critical response of the episode ranged from mixed to negative, with Yang's storyline being a particular source of critical acclaim from television reviewers. Although the episode was fictionally set in Seattle, Washington, filming occurred in Los Angeles, California. \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" opens to a voice-over narrative from Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) about change, the episode's main theme. Following the conclusion of their internship, Meredith, along with her colleagues, Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh), Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl), and Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) commence their residency in the department of surgery, and start", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14775057", "score": "1.023687", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "Although the song was featured prominently in the 1992 film \"Malcolm X\", it could not be included in the film's soundtrack. By 2003, however, the disputes had been settled in time for the song to be included on the remastered version of \"Ain't That Good News\", as well as the Cooke anthology \"Portrait of a Legend\". A live rendition was included in the soundtrack to the 2001 Michael Mann film \"Ali\". James Taylor recorded a version specially for an episode of the same title of the television drama \"The West Wing\". The Allman Brothers Band captured their performance of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346695", "score": "1.0214832", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "performed the song on \"The Sing-off\" by request of the judges. The same year, Everlast recorded a version of the song for his album Songs of the Ungrateful Living. Maverick Sabre covered the song on his 2012 album \"Lonely Are the Brave\" On January 1, 2012, the song was the last single to be played on the New Zealand radio station Solid Gold FM before the station rebranded. On June 1, 2013 Beyoncé Knowles sang the song during The Sound of Change Live concert in London, as part of Chime for Change, an organization which supports total equality between women", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346700", "score": "1.0035056", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "Sam Cooke was fatally shot at a Los Angeles motel. \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" became an anthem for the Civil Rights Movement, and is widely considered Cooke's best composition. Over the years, the song has garnered significant praise and, in 2005, was voted number 12 by representatives of the music industry and press in \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, and voted number 3 in the webzine Pitchfork Media's The 200 Greatest Songs of the 60s. The song is also among three hundred songs deemed the most important ever recorded by National Public Radio (NPR) and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346693", "score": "1.0022086", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "and men in all areas of life. Mark Sutherland of \"Rolling Stone\" magazine noted that Knowles belted out the song, while Alice Vincent from \"The Daily Telegraph\" noted that the rendition of the song reflected the event's purpose. Later, on July 20, 2013, Knowles performed the song during a stop in Detroit as part of her Mrs. Carter Show World Tour. The performance followed the city's recent file for bankruptcy. As Knowles performed, the screen behind her displayed photos of Detroit's landmarks and icons including Aretha Franklin, Aaliyah, Eminem, Anita Baker, Bob Seger, Kid Rock, The White Stripes, Berry Gordy,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346701", "score": "0.99217784", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "The Change (song)", "text": "March 30, 1996. The Change (song) \"The Change\" is a song written by Tony Arata and Wayne Tester, and recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in March 1996 as the fourth single from the album \"Fresh Horses\". The song reached number 19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song describes someone making an effort to fix the world, even though people keep telling them that they'll \"never change things\", and that their effort will not make the world a significantly better place. He describes his action as being \"like trying to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16001635", "score": "0.9905983", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come (Grey's Anatomy)", "text": "breakup, and realize that they cannot reconcile. However, the two engage in sexual intercourse, as a manner to express their mutual feelings for the last time. O'Malley comes to the realization of his love for Stevens, and quickly discloses to her that he shares her romantic feelings. \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" was written by series creator and executive producer Shonda Rhimes, whereas filmmaker and series veteran Rob Corn served as the director. The soundtrack used in the episode included Mat Kearney's \"Breathe In, Breathe Out\", I'm from Barcelona's \"Oversleeping\", Meiko's \"Reasons to Love You\" and Cinematic Orchestra's \"To Build", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14775063", "score": "0.9877183", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Michael Thompson (guitarist)", "text": "written by another \"How Long\" collaborator, Mark Spiro. A cover of a Sam Cooke song, \"A Change is Gonna Come\", featuring Bobby Womack on vocals, peaked at #2 on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles. Thompson's abilities and sensibilities are so trusted that \"BT\" magazine noted in its 2001 \"Platinum Touch\" cover story on Thompson that \"These days, many artists and producers just drop their tapes off at Thompson's home studio and let him add whatever he wants. It is a convenient, low-pressure way to work, but Thompson says he still loves to interact with other musicians at the big", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13486912", "score": "0.9876973", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Change (song)", "text": "The Change (song) \"The Change\" is a song written by Tony Arata and Wayne Tester, and recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in March 1996 as the fourth single from the album \"Fresh Horses\". The song reached number 19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song describes someone making an effort to fix the world, even though people keep telling them that they'll \"never change things\", and that their effort will not make the world a significantly better place. He describes his action as being \"like trying to stop a fire", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16001633", "score": "0.98613226", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Change (Sugababes album)", "text": "Change (Sugababes album) Change is the fifth studio album by English girl group Sugababes, released through Island Records on 1 October 2007. The album features production by Dr. Luke, Jony Rockstar, Dallas Austin, Deekay and Xenomania, among others, and is the first album to feature complete vocals by Amelle Berrabah. The album debuted on top of the UK Albums Chart, where it became the band's second consecutive number one album and was eventually certified platinum by the BPI. In addition, it reached the top ten in Estonia and Ireland. In France, \"Change\" was adapted as the group's first greatest hits", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10779296", "score": "0.9853018", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Change!", "text": "Change! Change! is the second full-length album by the Black Swans. It is a follow-up to 2004's \"Who Will Walk in the Darkness with You?\" and their 2006 EP, \"Sex Brain\". \"Harp Magazine\" described the album as a tip of the hat to Charles Simic, the Left Banke, and Fred Neil. The cover of the CD release is a painting, \"Untitled\", by Debbie Porchetti, a member of Arc Industries North Workshop, a branch of Franklin County Board of MRDD. The workshop provides services to 300 adults with developmental challenges and recognize their talents by offering an environment that reinforces their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11840454", "score": "0.97710407", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Truth & Soul", "text": "said; \"It's a good listen, and Walker's vocals are impressive as ever, but there's not a lot of improving on classics like these.\" Yates complimented \"A Change Is Gonna Come\", calling it the standout \"on which Walker is soulful, thoughtful and appropriately restrained, letting Sam Cooke's classic resonate on its own, without letting it override his vocal.\" The album becomes Walker's third top 10 album in Australia after his debut \"Introducing Stan Walker\" in 2009 and \"From the Inside Out\" in 2010. Truth & Soul Truth & Soul is the fifth studio album by Australian-New Zealand recording artist Stan Walker.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18790628", "score": "0.9736367", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Change (Sugababes song)", "text": "of Lars Halvor Jensen and Martin Michael Larsson. Deekay wrote the song in collaboration with the Sugababes, consisting of Heidi Range, Keisha Buchanan and Amelle Berrabah. British singer and songwriter Niara Scarlett also co-wrote the song. It is the title track of the group's fifth studio album, which is the first to feature Berrabah, following the departure of Mutya Buena in December 2005. The group's vocals on \"Change\" were recorded at the Electric Lady Studios in New York City. Deekay arranged and programmed the song, and provided its instrumentation. It was mixed by Larsson at the duo's studio in Copenhagen,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11090435", "score": "0.9726173", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come (Grey's Anatomy)", "text": "for her? It's his flaw, the Chief. He's an old school man and like an old school man, he's taking care of his women. Whether they like it or not. This isn't gonna be an easy pill for Bailey to swallow.\" \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" was originally broadcast in the United States on September 27, 2007, airing on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in its regular 9:00 Eastern time-slot. Viewed by a total of 20.93 million viewers, the episode is the series' second most-watched season premiere, just behind the third season opener, which had been watched live by 25.41", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14775074", "score": "0.97254646", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "text": "that it sounds \"like death.\" Cooke responded, \"Man, that's kind of how it sounds like to me. That's why I'm never going to play it in public.\" Womack clarified his thoughts, that it wasn’t deathly, but rather \"spooky,\" but Cooke never performed the song again. In December, \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" was prepared for single release, with the verse and chorus preceding the bridge (\"I go to the movies…\") deleted for radio airplay. The civil rights movement picked up on \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" with near immediacy. On December 11, 1964, two weeks before the song was released,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6346692", "score": "0.9717145", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Change (Sugababes song)", "text": "Change (Sugababes song) \"Change\" is a song by English girl group Sugababes from their fifth studio album, \"Change\" (2007). It was written by the Sugababes, Niara Scarlett and its producers, the Danish production duo Deekay. The song was released as the album's second international and third overall single on 10 December 2007 with an accompanying B-side titled \"I Can't Take It No More\". \"Change\" is a midtempo pop ballad composed of anthemic harmonies, guitars, keys and sweeping effects. The song received mixed reviews from critics, who were divided on the song's composition and balladry. It was considered a contender for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11090433", "score": "0.9707582", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "A Change Is Gonna Come", "long_answer": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\" is a song by American recording artist Sam Cooke, released on December 22, 1964, by RCA Victor. Produced by Hugo & Luigi and arranged and conducted by René Hall, the song was the B-side to \"Shake\".", "chunked_long_answer": "\"A Change Is Gonna Come\" is a song by American recording artist Sam Cooke, released on December 22, 1964, by RCA Victor. Produced by Hugo & Luigi and arranged and conducted by René Hall, the song was the B-side to \"Shake\".", "short_answers": [ "Hugo & Luigi" ] }

[ "September 2017" ]

[ { "title": "Fortnite", "text": "A standalone mode, Fortnite Battle Royale, based on the battle royale game genre but based on the core Fortnite gameplay, was released for the same platforms in September 2017.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "Freeze Bundle\", will be distributed by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch by late 2018. The package will include redeemable codes for V-Bucks and unique in-game cosmetics. Epic has partnered with the National Football League (NFL) to bring in character skins for each of the 32 teams in the League starting in November 2018, a result of the influence of \"Fortnite\" on NFL players, who have frequently performed \"Fortnite\" dance emotes as victory celebrations. One of the first professional eSports competitions using \"Fortnite\" was the \"Fortnite\" Pro-Am event, held on June 12, 2018", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621492", "score": "0.93101203", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "the Nintendo Switch video game console had been rumored in the week prior to the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2018 in June 2018. During the Nintendo Direct presentation, Nintendo and Epic Games announced the release of \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" for the Nintendo Switch, supporting cross-platform play with any other platform except the PlayStation 4; such users are able to carry over their inventory, Battle Pass status, and in-game currency between these platforms through their Epic user account. The game was released on June 12, 2018, the same day as the announcement. It is the first game to support direct voice chat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621482", "score": "0.9145095", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "versions, but with limited interaction in regards to the PlayStation 4. That is, players on personal computer and mobile versions can cross-play with Xbox One and Nintendo Switch users, or alternatively they can cross-play with PlayStation 4 users. While Epic Games has expressed interest in having full cross-platform play across all available platforms, Sony's continued refusal to allow cross-play between the PlayStation 4 and other consoles rendered this impossible during the game's first year of operation, according to Microsoft. Further, while players can use a single Epic Games account to share progress in \"Fortnite: Battle Royale\" on all other platforms,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621488", "score": "0.91157925", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "refunds. This release, which beat out \"Battlegrounds\" to consoles, caused some concern with \"Battlegrounds\" developer Bluehole, as they had been working closely with Epic for Unreal engine support in \"Battlegrounds\", and were worried that \"Fortnite\" might be able to include planned features to their Battle Royale mode before they could release those in \"Battlegrounds\". With the popularity of \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" by the start of 2018, Epic split off a separate development team to focus on improvements for this mode. Epic said that their attention to \"Fortnite\" was causing some of their other games to see lower player populations, leading", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621479", "score": "0.90969276", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "through the Switch console. In March 2018, Epic announced it was making \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" for Android and iOS mobile devices. The iOS version was released first, and was expected to be followed by the Android version by mid-2018. The beta version for iOS devices launched on March 15, 2018, and opened to all players on April 2, 2018. Epic Games stated that it was not possible to release the Android version with the iOS version simultaneously, and declined to provide a concrete release date for it, because the developers wanted to spend a few months making sure that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621483", "score": "0.9060347", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "about 40% of the company in exchange for their support for the games as a service approach as well as ready access to the Chinese video game market. \"Fortnite\" was confirmed to have a planned 2018 release in June 2017, with a paid early access period starting a month later; the game is planned otherwise as a free-to-play title supported by microtransactions. With release in early access, the game featured its primary gameplay mode, \"Save the World\", where players in teams up to four would work cooperatively to survive and complete objectives on randomly generated maps. During the latter part", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621474", "score": "0.9033965", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Fortnite", "text": "first two game modes were released in 2017 as early access titles and \"Creative\" was released on December 6, 2018. \"Save the World\" is available only for Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One, while \"Battle Royale\" has been released for those platforms in addition for Nintendo Switch, iOS and Android devices. While the first two games have been successful for Epic Games, \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" became a resounding success, drawing in more than 125 million players in less than a year, and earning hundreds of millions of dollars per month, and since has been a cultural phenomenon. Currently, \"Fortnite\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20785601", "score": "0.8987993", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "game, which offers players the opportunity to earn V-Bucks by completing missions or daily quests. V-Bucks can then be used to buy cosmetic improvements to the player (character, pickaxe and glider skins, back-wear, and emotes). The game is run as seasons, lasting about 12 weeks each. Each season introduces a new set of cosmetic items that can be obtained, which otherwise are not available outside that season. These are offered through a dual-track battle pass, which present a number of tiers that a players climbs through by earning experience through completing in-game objectives and their general performance during matches, while", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621466", "score": "0.8917757", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Fortnite", "text": "in June 2018. Epic Games is working to develop organized eSports competitions around \"Fortnite: Battle Royale\", including a \"Fortnite\" World Cup tournament in 2019. There has also been growing concern over \"Fortnite Battle Royale\"s draw toward young children, emphasized with the release of the mobile client. Parents and teachers had expressed concern that students are being distracted and drawn away from school work due to playing \"Fortnite\". Concerns have also been raised about the impact that playing a game involving repeated depictions of gun violence may have on young children. The game was nominated for \"Best Co-op Game\" by \"PC", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20785612", "score": "0.88939166", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "those who used their PlayStation Network credentials to establish their Epic account cannot use that account on other platforms. The account restriction was confirmed to be as a result of Sony's initial decision to prohibit cross-platform play between its PlayStation 4 and other consoles, rather than a choice Epic had made. By September 2018, Sony had made a decision to allow cross-platform play for the PlayStation 4 for \"select third-party titles\", starting with \"Fortnite\". A beta version of the PlayStation 4 client supporting this was released for the game on September 26, 2018, the same day as Sony's announcement. A", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621489", "score": "0.8887634", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Cross-platform play", "text": "going away\". With the release of \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" on the Nintendo Switch during E3 2018 in June, Sony's approach to cross-platform play drew further criticism. The game supports cross-platform play across personal computer, Xbox One, and mobile devices, with players normally able to use a single Epic Games account, which may be linked to a platform-specific account, to carry over progress and purchases between any of those platforms; the Nintendo Switch version also works in this same manner. However, players found that if their Epic Games account was tied to a PlayStation Network account, they could not use that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19397006", "score": "0.8808274", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "the \"Fortnite Monopoly\" game reflects some elements of the video game, such as the money being replaced with player's lives, and the ability to protect properties on the board with walls. Further, with this deal, Hasbro will produce \"Fortnite\"-based Nerf blasters, which are expected to reach retail in 2019. Funko will release a series of \"Fortnite\" themed Pop! figurines by late 2018. \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" has been packaged as special bundles with both the Xbox One and Nintendo Switch, each version providing redeemable codes for V-bucks and platform-unique customization options. A retail release of \"Fortnite Battle Royale\", called \"Fortnite: Deep", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621491", "score": "0.88053703", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "Battle Royale\" made over in February 2018, surpassing \"Battlegrounds\"s revenues for the same period of . SuperData estimated \"Fortnite\"s revenues over all platforms to exceed for the month of March. By April 2018, SuperData estimated that \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" had surpassed both sales and player count on all platforms over \"Battlegrounds\". The game generated in revenue in April, followed by in May, according to SuperData. By July 2018, \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" had been estimated to have brought in over in revenue. Prior to the Season 5 start in July 2018, Sensor Tower estimated that the mobile version of \"Fortnite Battle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621498", "score": "0.87972367", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Video game monetization", "text": "all visible at the start as to avoid the randomization of the loot box approach, and requiring the player to complete various challenges and early in-game experience to unlock these tiers to gain the rewards; some games also provide means for players to use microtransactions to purchase tiers. Battle passes allow developers to roll in new content, encouraging players to purchase a new battle pass to obtain this content. \"Fortnite\" had proved a successful model, as while the game is free-to-play, microtransactions to purchase battle passes or to directly buy certain items have brought in hundreds of millions of dollars", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19128469", "score": "0.8779386", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Fortnite: Save the World", "text": "Fortnite: Save the World Fortnite: Save the World is a co-op third-person shooter survival video game developed and published by Epic Games. The game was released as a paid-for early access title for Microsoft Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on July 25, 2017, with a full free-to-play release expected sometime in 2019. The retail versions of the game were published by Gearbox Software, while online distribution of the PC versions is handled by Epic's launcher. \"Fortnite\" is set in contemporary Earth, where the sudden appearance of a worldwide storm causes 98% of the world's population to disappear, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16136618", "score": "0.8772367", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "map, while being able to fight each other and respawn upon defeat until the storm covered the map after an hour and eliminated them all; Epic later made this a permanent mode in the game. Epic has stated that they intend to add ranked competitive play in the future. A preliminary competitive mode, Solo Showdown, ran for a limited time starting in May 2018, ranking players by their final placement in matches and rewarding the top-placing competitors with V-Bucks. \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" has created a larger loose narrative that is exhibited through changes in the game map, which generally correlated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621470", "score": "0.8745108", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Fortnite", "text": "Gamer\", and for \"Best Spectator Game\" by IGN. Fortnite Fortnite is an online video game first released in 2017 and developed by Epic Games. It is available as separate software packages having different game modes that otherwise share the same general gameplay and game engine. The game modes include \"\", a cooperative shooter-survival game for up to four players to fight off zombie-like creatures and defend objects with fortifications they can build, \"Fortnite Battle Royale\", a free-to-play battle royale game where up to 100 players fight to be the last person standing and \"Fortnite: Creative\", where players are given complete", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20785613", "score": "0.87171304", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Fortnite", "text": "Fortnite Fortnite is an online video game first released in 2017 and developed by Epic Games. It is available as separate software packages having different game modes that otherwise share the same general gameplay and game engine. The game modes include \"\", a cooperative shooter-survival game for up to four players to fight off zombie-like creatures and defend objects with fortifications they can build, \"Fortnite Battle Royale\", a free-to-play battle royale game where up to 100 players fight to be the last person standing and \"Fortnite: Creative\", where players are given complete freedom to create worlds and battle arenas. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20785600", "score": "0.86941457", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "Royale\"s success over \"PlayerUnknown Battlegrounds\" as a combination of several factors: besides being free-to-play and available on consoles, the game was released at a time when \"Battlegrounds\" was struggling with game cheaters and a toxic community, and that it features a less violent, cartoonish quality to it that, like \"Minecraft\", was able to draw in a younger and mixed-gendered audiences to play. Further, Epic has maintained frequent updates for the game, adding new weapons and in-game tools alongside limited-time events and longer-term narrative elements that help to further draw in players. The high interest in the game within March 2018,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621500", "score": "0.8689424", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "well; the first example of such was a countdown leading to a giant rocket's launch in June 2018 which, in the aftermath, left cracks in the skies that have grown since that event. The game initially launched without any seasonable schedule, but starting with the release of Season 2 in December 2017, Epic has provided new content, which includes new cosmetics, new gameplay elements, and changes to the game's map, on a roughly 10-week basis. This also introduced the use of the battle pass for players to obtain some of this new content by completing challenges and gaining experience. \"Fortnite\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621472", "score": "0.8676072", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Fortnite: Save the World", "text": "the same attention in providing updates and improvements compared to the \"Battle Royale\" mode since that mode's release. Epic's Ed Zobrist said that as of March 2018 that the retention rates for \"Save the World\" have been high, and have grown since the release of \"Fortnite Battle Royale\", and the company has since improved communications with the player base, such as providing development road maps and known bug lists. In October 2018, Epic announced that the game's free-to-play release would not happen until at least 2019, which was done in order to make sure that it would ready to accommodate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16136652", "score": "0.8668941", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "Blake Jorgensen also considered both \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" and \"Battlegrounds\" as having a significant market impact. Jorgensen said \" [Fortnite is] bringing younger people into the marketplace and younger people into first-person shooters, and I think that's good for the long run health of that category for all of us in the industry\". Part of the game's success is also considered to be related to its impact on social media. By March 2018, \"Fortnite: Battle Royale\" became the most-viewed game on Twitch, exceeding the average-concurrent viewership numbers of \"League of Legends\" and \"Battlegrounds\". One notable streamer was Tyler \"Ninja\" Blevins,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621502", "score": "0.86519885", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "per second, the largest recorded amount of traffic for any video game that they have observed. With its quarterly financial report ending September 30, 2018, Nintendo said that \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" had been downloaded on about half of all Switch systems they have sold, representing about 11.5 million downloads. \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" was made available to South Korea and their numerous PC bangs in November 2018; shortly after this point, Epic reported that \"Fortnite\" has surpassed a concurrent player count of 8.3 million, surpassing the game's previous record of 3.4 million in February 2018. Analysis firm SuperData estimated that \"Fortnite", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621497", "score": "0.8638785", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Fortnite: Save the World", "text": "could cross-play between all three platforms. Epic later corrected this, calling it a \"configuration error\". On July 26, 2017, it was announced that \"Fortnite\" had sold over 500,000 digital pre-order copies. On August 18, 2017, Epic confirmed that \"Fortnite\" had surpassed over a million players. Fortnite: Save the World Fortnite: Save the World is a co-op third-person shooter survival video game developed and published by Epic Games. The game was released as a paid-for early access title for Microsoft Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on July 25, 2017, with a full free-to-play release expected sometime in 2019. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16136656", "score": "0.8637978", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Fortnite", "text": "2018 had been estimated in the hundreds of millions of dollars per month. \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" has also become a cultural online phenomenon, with several celebrities reporting they play the game, and athletes using \"Fortnite\" emotes as victory celebrations. A notable streaming event in March 2018, with streamer Ninja playing \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" alongside Drake, Travis Scott, Kim DotCom, and Pittsburgh Steelers wide receiver JuJu Smith-Schuster, broke viewership records for Twitch to date, and led to Epic arranging a \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" pro–am with 50 pairs of streamers and professional players matched with celebrities at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2018", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20785611", "score": "0.8626357", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "verified were not true. Epic launched its second competition play series, the Fall Skirmish, on September 21, 2018, with up to in prizes for winners. \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" has become its own phenomenon, compared by analysts to the success in drawing in players that are not average video game players as both \"World of Warcraft\" and \"Minecraft\" had done previously. \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" obtained over 10 million players two weeks after its release. By March 2018, it was estimated to have more than 45 million players. Three months later, in June 2018, Epic announced they had achieved over 125 million", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621495", "score": "0.8614359", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "who gained a large number of subscribers by March 2018, in part due to his skill and through promotions on Twitch that offered free \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" cosmetic items; by March 2018, he was estimated to be making a month from his streaming revenue. YouTube streamer Rubén Doblas Gundersen held a \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" match with 99 other well-known YouTube streamers in late March, which drew over 1.1 million viewers, making it one of the most-watched gaming YouTube streams. The \"Fortnite\" Pro-Am event held at E3 2018 was estimated to have drawn over 1.3 million views across Twitch and other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621503", "score": "0.86053276", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Fortnite Battle Royale", "text": "which has been able to draw larger audiences compared to existing multiplayer games like \"Grand Theft Auto Online\" and \"Destiny 2\", has had a financial impact on competing publishers Take-Two Interactive and Activision Blizzard, their stocks having fallen during this period, according to analysts from Morgan Stanley and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. Activision's CEO Bobby Kotick, on their quarterly results released May 2018, stated that \"Fortnite is definitely a lot of competition right now...it’s been a really important catalyst in attracting new gamers to gaming\", and the company is looking to develop its own battle royale title. Electronic Arts CEO", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20621501", "score": "0.8581543", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "The Culling (video game)", "text": "was released on Steam in early access. \"Battlegrounds\" was another battle royale game which gained popularity quickly over the next year. This caused \"The Culling\"s player counts to drop significantly after May 2017. In December 2017, Xaviant announced that development for the game was halting, so that they could work on \"a new title\". Xaviant left \"The Culling\" servers open for players to continue to use. In mid-June 2018, Xaviant announced it was preparing to release a sequel, \"The Culling 2\", which they had been working on since stopping development of the first game. At this point in time, \"Fortnite", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19488191", "score": "0.8578179", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

{ "title": "Fortnite", "long_answer": "A standalone mode, Fortnite Battle Royale, based on the battle royale game genre but based on the core Fortnite gameplay, was released for the same platforms in September 2017.", "chunked_long_answer": "A standalone mode, Fortnite Battle Royale, based on the battle royale game genre but based on the core Fortnite gameplay, was released for the same platforms in September 2017.", "short_answers": [ "September 2017" ] }

[ "introduced around 1940", "1895" ]

[ { "title": "Color motion picture film", "text": "The earliest motion picture stocks were orthochromatic, and recorded blue and green light, but not red. Recording all three spectral regions required making film stock panchromatic to some degree. Since orthochromatic film stock hindered color photography in its beginnings, the first films with color in them used aniline dyes to create artificial color. Hand-colored films appeared in 1895 with Thomas Edison's hand-painted Annabelle's Dance for his Kinetoscope viewers.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "History of film", "text": "Pictures in 1937. 1939, a major year for American cinema, brought such films as \"The Wizard of Oz\" and \"Gone with The Wind\". Previously, it was believed that color films were first projected in 1909 at the Palace Theatre in London (the main problem with the color being that the technique, created by George Smith, (Kinemacolor) only used two colors: green and red, which were mixed additively). But in fact, it was in 1901 when the first color film in history was created. This untitled film was directed by photographer Edward Raymond Turner and his patron Frederick Marshall Lee. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "144063", "score": "1.0028219", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Film", "text": "in 1932, then also for live-action short films and isolated sequences in a few feature films, then for an entire feature film, \"Becky Sharp\", in 1935. The expense of the process was daunting, but favorable public response in the form of increased box office receipts usually justified the added cost. The number of films made in color slowly increased year after year. In the early 1950s, the proliferation of black-and-white television started seriously depressing North American theater attendance. In an attempt to lure audiences back into theaters, bigger screens were installed, widescreen processes, polarized 3D projection, and stereophonic sound were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13062853", "score": "1.0020767", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Film", "text": "introduced, and more films were made in color, which soon became the rule rather than the exception. Some important mainstream Hollywood films were still being made in black-and-white as late as the mid-1960s, but they marked the end of an era. Color television receivers had been available in the US since the mid-1950s, but at first, they were very expensive and few broadcasts were in color. During the 1960s, prices gradually came down, color broadcasts became common, and sales boomed. The overwhelming public verdict in favor of color was clear. After the final flurry of black-and-white films had been released", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13062854", "score": "0.9938449", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "History of film technology", "text": "first short live-action film was \"La Cucaracha\" (1934), and the first all-color feature in \"New Technicolor\" was \"Becky Sharp\" (1935). The proliferation of television in the early 1950s contributed to a heavy mid-century push for color within the film industry. In 1947, only 12 percent of American films were made in color. By 1954, that number had risen to over 50 percent. The color boom was aided by the breakup of Technicolor's near-monopoly on the medium. The last stand of black-and-white films made by or released through the major Hollywood studios came in the mid-1960s, after which the use of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17761757", "score": "0.98936296", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Hondo (film)", "text": "and they said there's no color here. I said wait until I show you, and within seventeen miles of town I had white molten rock, blue pools of water, black buttes, big chalk-white buttes. We were using 3-D. We made it in 3-D but then it was never released in that, because Warner Brothers decided to give up and use the Fox system.\" Even with the production troubles that came with the location shooting in 3D, the studio felt it was a worthwhile venture since 3D pictures were at the height of popularity at the time of the film's development.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7400350", "score": "0.987394", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Color motion picture film", "text": "short live-action film was \"La Cucaracha\" (1934), and the first feature was \"Becky Sharp\" (1935). Gasparcolor, a single-strip 3-color system, was developed in 1933 by the Hungarian chemist Dr. Bela Gaspar. The real push for color films and the nearly immediate changeover from black-and-white production to nearly all color film were pushed forward by the prevalence of television in the early 1950s. In 1947, only 12 percent of American films were made in color. By 1954, that number rose to over 50 percent. The rise in color films was also aided by the breakup of Technicolor's near monopoly on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8221759", "score": "0.9758215", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Natural color", "text": "color talking movies made in 1929 mostly survive in 1950s black-and-white television copies or with color sequences cut. In 1929, Technicolor was so busy filming color movies that the Warner Bros. musical revue \"The Show of Shows\" (1929), which was originally going to be filmed in full color, had to be filmed only mostly in color, with 21 minutes in black and white, a seventeen-minute section of part one and a four-minute opening of part two. While most companies used Technicolor, William Fox, owner of Fox Movie Corporation, used Multicolor. Color movies released in 1930 included \"The Life of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14567340", "score": "0.9672163", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Film colorization", "text": "process was \"The Miracle\" of 1912. The process was always done by hand, sometimes using a stencil cut from a second print of the film, such as the Pathécolor process. As late as the 1920s, hand coloring processes were used for individual shots in \"Greed\" (1924) and \"The Phantom of the Opera\" (1925) (both utilizing the Handschiegl color process); and rarely, an entire feature-length movie such as \"Cyrano de Bergerac\" (1925) and \"The Last Days of Pompeii\" (1926). These colorization methods were employed until effective color film processes were developed. During the late 1960s and the early 1970s, black-and-white \"Betty", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3307892", "score": "0.9646758", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Film tinting", "text": "amber, blue, lavender, and a striking red tint for scenes such as the \"burning of Atlanta\" and the ride of the Ku Klux Klan at the climax of the picture. Griffith later invented a color system in which colored lights flashed on areas of the screen to achieve a color effect. In 1921, Kodak introduced pre-tinted stocks, with stained cellulose base, rather than a dyed emulsion upon the base. The colors available originally were lavender, red, green, blue, pink, light amber, dark amber, yellow, and orange. By the mid to late 1920s, tinting and toning were phased out for a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6852068", "score": "0.9581368", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Black and white", "text": "being in black-and-white to most being in color was gradual, taking place from the 1930s to the 1960s. Even when most film studios had the capability to make color films, the technology's popularity was limited, as using the Technicolor process was expensive and cumbersome. For many years, it was not possible for films in color to render realistic hues, thus its use was restricted to historical films or musicals until the 1950s, while many directors preferred to use black-and-white stock. For the years 1940–1966, a separate Academy Award for Best Art Direction was given for black-and-white movies along with one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1722123", "score": "0.95683634", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Film colorization", "text": "Film colorization Film colorization (or colourisation) is any process that adds color to black-and-white, sepia, or other monochrome moving-picture images. It may be done as a special effect, to \"modernize\" black-and-white films, or to restore color films. The first examples date from the early 20th century, but colorization has become common with the advent of digital image processing. The first film colorization methods were hand done by individuals. For example, at least 4% of George Méliès's output, including some prints of \"A Trip to the Moon\" from 1902 and other major films such as \"The Kingdom of the Fairies\", \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3307890", "score": "0.9510969", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Natural color", "text": "survives in black-and-white television prints from the 1950s. That year, Warner Bros. made the first all color-all talking movie, \"On with the Show\", which also only survives in black and white, with only a small fragment of surviving color, found in 2005. Later in 1929, the first color talking movies were being made, such as \"Paris\" (Warner Bros.), \"Rio Rita\" (RKO, first RKO color movie, color sequenced), \"Sally\" (Warner Bros., third all-color, all-talking feature), \"Gold Diggers of Broadway\" (Warner Bros., second all-color, all-talking feature), \"The Hollywood Revue\" (MGM's second musical, after \"The Broadway Melody\") and many more. Most of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14567339", "score": "0.946468", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Man from U.N.C.L.E.", "text": "the mid-1960s and where new movies usually played for weeks or months before coming to outlying screens. A selling point to seeing these films theatrically was that they were being shown in color, at a time when most people had only black and white TVs (and indeed the two first-season episodes that were expanded to feature length, while filmed in color, had only been broadcast in black and white). The words \"in color\" featured prominently on the trailers, TV spots, and posters for the film releases. The episodes used to make U.N.C.L.E. films were not included in the packages of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "413615", "score": "0.9457037", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Instant film", "text": "which was transferred to the positive receiving sheet. True black and white films were released in 1950 after problems with chemistry stabilization were overcome. Color film is much more complex due to multiple layers of emulsion and dye. The negative consists of three emulsion layers sensitive to the primary colors (red, green, and blue) each with a layer of developing dye beneath it of the complementary color (cyan, magenta, and yellow). Once light exposed the negative, the reagent is spread between the negative and positive and the developing dye layer migrates to the positive surface where it forms the photo.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3673389", "score": "0.9430187", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Cinematography", "text": "were predominantly monochrome. Contrary to popular belief, monochrome doesn't always mean black and white; it means a movie shot in a single tone or color. Since the cost of tinted film bases was substantially higher, most movies were produced in black and white monochrome. Even with the advent of early color experiments, the greater expense of color meant films were mostly made in black and white until the 1950s, when cheaper color processes were introduced, and in some years the percentage of films shot on color film surpassed 51%. By the 1960s, color became by far the dominant film stock.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1604135", "score": "0.9379224", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Color motion picture film", "text": "density print of the black-and-white negative for the green record strip, and including the soundtrack, was struck and treated with dye mordants to aid in the imbibition process (this \"black\" layer was discontinued in the early 1940s). The matrices for each strip were coated with their complementary dye (yellow, cyan, or magenta), and then each successively brought into high-pressure contact with the receiver, which imbibed and held the dyes, which collectively rendered a wider spectrum of color than previous technologies. The first animation film with the three-color (also called three-strip) system was Walt Disney's \"Flowers and Trees\" (1932), the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8221758", "score": "0.9351554", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Color motion picture film", "text": "out in 1952 before using it; \"This is Cinerama\" was an early film which employed three separate and interlocked strips of Eastmancolor negative. \"This is Cinerama\" was initially printed on Eastmancolor positive, but its significant success eventually resulted in it being reprinted by Technicolor, using dye-transfer. By 1953, and especially with the introduction of anamorphic wide screen CinemaScope, Eastmancolor became a marketing imperative as CinemaScope was incompatible with Technicolor's Three-Strip camera and lenses. Indeed, Technicolor Corp became one of the best, if not the best, processor of Eastmancolor negative, especially for so-called \"wide gauge\" negatives (5-perf 65mm, 6-perf 35mm), yet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8221768", "score": "0.93474376", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Tom Thurman", "text": "films made between World War I and World War II. It has screened on numerous public television stations throughout the country since 2001. In the February 13 edition of Africana.com, critic Armand White wrote that \"Movies of Color\" documented \"historical examples of regional filmmaking (and regional scholarship) that are models for an original, valuable cinema culture…\"Movies of Color\" is a road map. It is essential.\" The documentary was awarded a regional Emmy award in 2001 from The National Association of Television Arts and Sciences in the Arts and Culture category. 2002 marked the beginning of a relationship between Thurman and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13263804", "score": "0.9338589", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Natural color", "text": "Party\" (Warner Bros.), \"Under a Texas Moon\" (Warner Bros.), \"Children of Pleasure\" (MGM), \"Chasing Rainbows\" (MGM), \"Show Girl in Hollywood\" (Warner Bros., one of Al Jolson's first color appearances), \"Viennese Nights\" (Warner Bros.), \"Hit the Deck\" (RKO Radio Pictures), and \"Leathernecking\" (RKO), \"The Cuckoos\" (RKO). Like 1929, the original color negatives for many movies of the year are considered lost and only survive in black-and-white due to the studios wanting more space in their film vaults so they threw away the films and aired them on black-and-white television before, but some color movies from this time have been found throughout", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14567341", "score": "0.9335219", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Film colorization", "text": "MGM's \"The Captain and the Kids\" cartoons, which were colorized in 1987 for airing on the Turner networks. With computer technology, studios were able to add color to black-and-white films by digitally tinting single objects in each frame of the film until it was fully colorized (the first authorized computer-colorizations of B&W cartoons were commissioned by Warner Bros. in 1990). The initial process was invented by Canadian Wilson Markle and was first used in 1970 to add color to monochrome footage of the moon from the Apollo program missions. Computerized colorization began in the 1970s using the technique invented by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3307894", "score": "0.93332016", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Cinecolor", "text": "stock and film magazines, which cut back on the on-set lighting costs by 50%, and kept the cost of shooting in Cinecolor only 10% more than black and white. The same year, Gundelfinger also developed a three-color process called SuperCinecolor, but did not begin using it until 1951 with \"The Sword of Monte Cristo\". Other films of note that used the SuperCinecolor process were \"Abbott and Costello Meet Captain Kidd\" (1952), \"Jack and the Beanstalk\" (1952), \"Invaders From Mars\" (1953), \"Gog\" (1954), and \"Top Banana\" (1954). The latter two were both also filmed in 3-D. SuperCinecolor utilized black-and-white matrices made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4713668", "score": "0.93272793", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Natural color", "text": "the years. In 1932, Walt Disney released the first three-color Technicolor film, \"Flowers and Trees\". 1939, which is considered by many film buffs as Hollywood's greatest year, had hits in color, such as \"The Wizard of Oz\", \"The Women\", \"Dodge City\" and the most successful of them all, \"Gone with the Wind\". Natural color Natural color was a term used in the beginning of film and later on in the 1920s, and early 1930s as a color film process that actually filmed color images, rather than a color tinted or colorized movie. The first natural color processes were in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14567342", "score": "0.93271416", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Color photography", "text": "that stage of development caused a cyan, magenta or yellow dye image to be created along with it. The silver images were chemically removed, leaving only the three layers of dye images in the finished film. Initially, Kodachrome was available only as 16mm film for home movies, but in 1936 it was also introduced as 8mm home movie film and short lengths of 35mm film for still photography. In 1938, sheet film in various sizes for professional photographers was introduced, some changes were made to cure early problems with unstable colors, and a somewhat simplified processing method was instituted. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2573001", "score": "0.9323861", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Film colorization", "text": "Giants was colorized by Legend Films for ESPN for a sports broadcast special in December 2008. Firms specializing in digital colorization: Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert on colorization of black-and-white films, four parts: Film colorization Film colorization (or colourisation) is any process that adds color to black-and-white, sepia, or other monochrome moving-picture images. It may be done as a special effect, to \"modernize\" black-and-white films, or to restore color films. The first examples date from the early 20th century, but colorization has become common with the advent of digital image processing. The first film colorization methods were hand done by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3307922", "score": "0.9317556", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Natural color", "text": "of the first movies to use subtractive color was a silent film titled \"Cupid Angling\" (1918). In 1932, Walt Disney made the first film to use a red, green and blue color process (Technicolor), \"Flowers and Trees\". Three years later, the first feature length movie to be filmed entirely in 3-color Technicolor was \"Becky Sharp\". The first color features were made in the 1910s. The very first was \"With Our King and Queen Through India\" (1912). In 1917, Technicolor made their first film, a two-color additive film entitled \"The Gulf Between\" (1917), \"The Gulf Between\" was also the first color", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14567336", "score": "0.930541", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Color motion picture film", "text": "Color motion picture film Color motion picture film refers both to unexposed color photographic film in a format suitable for use in a motion picture camera, and to finished motion picture film, ready for use in a projector, which bears images in color. The first color cinematography was by additive color systems such as the one patented by Edward Raymond Turner in 1899 and tested in 1902. A simplified additive system was successfully commercialised in 1909 as Kinemacolor. These early systems used black-and-white film to photograph and project two or more component images through different color filters. Around 1920, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8221731", "score": "0.9302994", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Encyclopædia Britannica Films", "text": "like Bailey Films and Coronet Films (starting before the war). The first color EB films were not made until 1946-47, covering painting lectures by Eliot O'Hara and scenic portraits of farm life (i.e. \"Spring on the Farm\" and \"Winter on the Farm\"). As quoted in the silver jubilee anniversary title \"Making Films That Teach\", \"Color is pretty but sometimes expensive for the teaching value you might get from it.\" Nonetheless, color soon became quite mainstream in the middle fifties, as EB was soon updating popular early titles with all-color remakes such as \"The Woodwind Choir\" and \"Spiders\". In cooperation with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19123572", "score": "0.9296721", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Color motion picture film", "text": "actually reached the screen, resulting in an image that was dimmer than a typical black-and-white image. The larger the screen, the dimmer the picture. For this and other case-by-case reasons, the use of additive processes for theatrical motion pictures had been almost completely abandoned by the early 1940s, though additive color methods are employed by all the color video and computer display systems in common use today. The first practical subtractive color process was introduced by Kodak as \"Kodachrome\", a name recycled twenty years later for a very different and far better-known product. Filter-photographed red and blue-green records were printed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8221750", "score": "0.929451", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Silent film", "text": "the early 1920s, 80 per cent of movies could be seen in color, usually in the form of film tinting or toning (i.e. \"colorization\") but also with real color processes such as Kinemacolor and Technicolor. Traditional colorization processes ceased with the adoption of sound-on-film technology. Traditional film colorization, all of which involved the use of dyes in some form, interfered with the high resolution required for built-in recorded sound, and were therefore abandoned. The innovative three-strip technicolor process introduced in the mid-30s was costly and fraught with limitations, and color would not have the same prevalence in film as it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "358756", "score": "0.9274924", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Color motion picture film", "long_answer": "The earliest motion picture stocks were orthochromatic, and recorded blue and green light, but not red. Recording all three spectral regions required making film stock panchromatic to some degree. Since orthochromatic film stock hindered color photography in its beginnings, the first films with color in them used aniline dyes to create artificial color. Hand-colored films appeared in 1895 with Thomas Edison's hand-painted Annabelle's Dance for his Kinetoscope viewers.", "chunked_long_answer": "The earliest motion picture stocks were orthochromatic, and recorded blue and green light, but not red. Recording all three spectral regions required making film stock panchromatic to some degree. Since orthochromatic film stock hindered color photography in its beginnings, the first films with color in them used aniline dyes to create artificial color. Hand-colored films appeared in 1895 with Thomas Edison's hand-painted Annabelle's Dance for his Kinetoscope viewers.", "short_answers": [ "1895" ] }

[ "Bob Dylan" ]

[ { "title": "Knockin' on Heaven's Door", "text": "\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\" is a song written and sung by Bob Dylan, for the soundtrack of the 1973 film Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid. Released as a single, it reached No. 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. Described by Dylan biographer Clinton Heylin as \"an exercise in splendid simplicity\", the song, in terms of the number of other artists who have covered it, is one of Dylan's most popular post-1960s compositions.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Knocking on Heaven's Door (2014 film)", "text": "Knocking on Heaven's Door (2014 film) Knocking on Heaven's Door is a 2014 Nigerian musical romantic drama film written by Vivian Chiji, produced by Emem Isong and directed by Desmond Elliot, starring Majid Michel, Adesua Etomi and Blossom Chukwujekwu. The film premièred on 18 April 2014 at Silverbird Galleria, Victoria Island, Lagos. It tells a story of the marital relationship between Debbie (Adesua Etomi) and Moses (Blossom Chukwujekwu), and how an untold story from Moses' past tries to jeopardize their seemingly flawless union. The story takes an intriguing turn when a music producer Thomas Dacosta (Majid Michel) enters into their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18002310", "score": "1.2416066", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "RAIGN", "text": "of her previous tracks and the new song \"Knocking on Heaven's Door.\" Her cover of \"Knocking on Heavens Door\" was included on the soundtrack of the finale to season 2 finale of \"The 100\" in March 2015. In its first week of release the lead single reached No. 116 on the US iTunes pop charts. In 2015, the use of \"Knocking on Heavens Door\" in \"The 100\" was voted Best Use of Music by audiences in the \"Entertainment Weekly\" TV Season Finale Awards. On 31 March 2016 Raign announced that her second EP \"When It's All Over\" would be released", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18833402", "score": "1.2056892", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Knockin' on Heaven's Door", "text": "version of the song, including children from the village singing the chorus with guitarist and producer of Dylan's album \"Infidels\" (1983), Mark Knopfler, was released on December 9 in the United Kingdom and reached No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart and Scottish Singles Chart, as well as number six in Ireland. The proceeds went to charities for children. The song was featured on the compilation album \"Hits 97\", where all royalties from the song were given to three separate charities. Gabrielle's single \"Rise\" (2000) sampled from this song. Nick Talevski used the title for his book, \"Knocking On Heaven's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4317054", "score": "1.2015544", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Knocking on Heaven's Door (2014 film)", "text": "night, telling her to forget the kiss ever happened. Debby enters the house to pack her belongings, but Moses again pleads for a last chance. She forgives him and tells him about the record deal and her appointment for next morning. Debby wakes up at 7:15am, only to find all her clothes socked in water in the bathtub, and Moses nowhere to be found. She puts on Moses shirt and trousers, so she can meetup with the appointment. Knocking on Heaven's Door (2014 film) Knocking on Heaven's Door is a 2014 Nigerian musical romantic drama film written by Vivian Chiji,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18002315", "score": "1.1775011", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "People Who Knock on the Door", "text": "People Who Knock on the Door People Who Knock on the Door (1983) is a novel by Patricia Highsmith. It was the nineteenth of her 22 novels. Highsmith drew inspiration from the revival of fundamentalist Christianity that achieved notoriety in the late 1970s in the US with the prominence of Jerry Falwell and other televangelists and the organization of its political arm, the Moral Majority. She watched US television programs in search of details for depicting preachers and advocates of religious fundamentalism. She traveled from Europe for several weeks in 1981 to visit New York City, Indianapolis, and Bloomington and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19204172", "score": "1.1413202", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Knockin' on Heaven's Door", "text": "used as the B-side for the single release and was also included on their \"\" album, released in 1999. The music video for this version of the song was directed by Andy Morahan. Weekly charts Year-end charts In 1996 and with the consent of Dylan, Scottish musician Ted Christopher wrote a new verse for \"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\" in memory of the schoolchildren and teacher killed in the Dunblane school massacre. This has been, according to some sources, one of the few times Dylan has officially authorized anybody to add or change the lyrics to one of his songs. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4317053", "score": "1.1081685", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Knock, Knock Who's There?", "text": "40. Also in 1970 reached No. 35 in Germany with the rendering \"Komm, Komm Zu Mir\", while Kristina Hautala recorded the Finnish rendering \"Kop Kop, Ken Lie\". In 1971, Hong Kong female singer Sum Sum (森森) covered the song in the Mandarin Chinese language with Chinese lyrics written by and given the title name of 我情願你惱恨我, appearing on her LP album \"一寸相思一寸淚 (Bitter Love In Tears)\" released by EMI Regal Records Knock, Knock Who's There? \"Knock, Knock Who's There?\" is a song written and composed by John Carter and Geoff Stephens. It was originally sung and recorded by the Welsh", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12233961", "score": "1.094769", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Knockin' on Heaven's Door", "text": "as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. In January 1975 Eric Clapton played on Jamaican singer Arthur Louis' recording of \"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\" arranged in a reggae style. Subsequently, Clapton recorded his own reggae-style version of the song which was released in August 1975, two weeks after Louis's version was released as a single in July 1975. Clapton's single peaked at No. 38 in the UK Singles Chart. The single was less successful in the US, only reaching No. 109 in \"Cash Box\". Clapton's 1996 boxed set \"\" features a performance recorded in London in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4317050", "score": "1.0839921", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Knockin' on Heaven's Door (1997 film)", "text": "spares their lives and lets them go. The film ends as Martin and Rudi arrive at the ocean's shore. They walk to the sandy beach and Martin falls dead on the ground. Rudi imperturbably sits down beside his friend, facing the ocean and watching the surf. A Japanese remake was announced to be released in February 2009 under the title Heaven's Door (director Michael Arias, music by Plaid). In contrast to the original, protagonists in the remake are 28-year-old young man and a 14-year-old girl. Knockin' on Heaven's Door (1997 film) Knockin' on Heaven's Door is a 1997 German criminal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10766474", "score": "1.0836511", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "People Who Knock on the Door", "text": "but faulted the denouement: \"It is some kind of solution, but not a comfortable one; Miss Highsmith can do much better than this callous if skilful story.\" People Who Knock on the Door People Who Knock on the Door (1983) is a novel by Patricia Highsmith. It was the nineteenth of her 22 novels. Highsmith drew inspiration from the revival of fundamentalist Christianity that achieved notoriety in the late 1970s in the US with the prominence of Jerry Falwell and other televangelists and the organization of its political arm, the Moral Majority. She watched US television programs in search of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19204182", "score": "1.0800699", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Knocking (film)", "text": "Knocking (film) Knocking is a 2006 documentary film directed by Joel Engardio and Tom Shepard that focuses on the civil liberties fought for by Jehovah's Witnesses. It focuses primarily on the stories of three Jehovah's Witnesses, and how their lives demonstrate three fundamental Witness teachings that have affected society in general: Conscientious objection, and rejection of blood transfusions and saluting the flag. \"Knocking\" explored how the unpopular religion of Jehovah's Witnesses played a major role in First Amendment history, setting Supreme Court precedents that expanded individual liberties for all Americans. In interviews, director Joel Engardio said \"Knocking\" is not about", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7386346", "score": "1.0745776", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Knock on Any Door", "text": "Door\"...Nicholas Ray's direction stresses the realism of the script taken from Willard Motley's novel of the same title, and gives the film a hard, taut pace that compels complete attention.\" In 1960 a sequel to the film, \"Let No Man Write My Epitaph\", was produced and directed by Philip Leacock starring Burl Ives, Shelley Winters, James Darren, Ella Fitzgerald, among others. It was based on the 1958 novel of the same name by Willard Motley. Knock on Any Door Knock on Any Door is a 1949 American courtroom trial film noir directed by Nicholas Ray and starring Humphrey Bogart. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7839451", "score": "1.0636033", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Knocking on Heaven's Door (2014 film)", "text": "lives. Debby (Adesua Etomi) and Moses (Blossom Chukwujekwu) are a married couple; both are vibrant gospel singers, but Moses constantly hit Debby, such that he has made her suffer a miscarriage four consecutive times already. It gets worse as Debby becomes the much more successful gospel artiste in the music industry. Debby refuses to let anyone know about the violent marriage, not wanting her husband to be judged, and trying everything possible to improve on herself, waiting on God's miracle She meets Thomas (Majid Michel), a secular music producer, an ardent smoker, who claims he is an addict. Thomas wants", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18002311", "score": "1.0626783", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door", "text": "I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door \"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\", written by Aaron Schroeder and Sid Wayne, is a song that was originally released by the Isley Brothers in 1959 and became a hit for teenage actor Eddie Hodges in 1961. It peaked at #12 at \"Billboard\" Hot 100. An excerpt of the song was used in the Buchanan and Goodman 1961 break -in novelty recording entitled \"Berlin Top Ten\" which dealt with the Berlin Wall crisis, during the Cold War, as Boris the Russian Spinner, introduced the song as \"I'm Gonna Knock on your Door\" by the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10337908", "score": "1.059272", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "People Who Knock on the Door", "text": "I've never lost or changed a publisher because of my demanding a big advance, it's that the USA publishers do not take chances, there's no loyalty–and maybe not much loyalty among readers in the USA.\" Penzler Books, a small publishing house that specialized in crime and mysteries, published the novel in the US in 1985. The title refers to the missionaries' standard method of evangelization, ringing doorbells to engage neighbors in conversation. In the course of the novel, a representative of the local church knocks unannounced on several occasions at the door of the Alderman or Brewster family. The British", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19204174", "score": "1.0557499", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Knock Knock Loving You", "text": "Knock Knock Loving You Knock Knock Loving You (Traditional Chinese: , Pinyin: \"Qiao Qiao Ai Shang Ni\"), also known as \"Quietly Falling in Love with You\", is a 2009 Romance Taiwanese drama starring Dylan Kuo, Maggie Wu, and Ming Dao. The drama is based on a 2005 Taiwanese romance novel called \"Treasure In The Side\" 《珠玉在側》 by Taiwan author Xi Juan 席絹 . Filming began on December 23, 2007 on location in Taiwan and Shanghai, China. Filming finished on March 23, 2008. The drama began airing on CTS and GTV on April 12, 2009 on Sunday at 22:00 PM. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13455599", "score": "1.0519682", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Knock Knock (company)", "text": "Knock Knock (company) Knock Knock is an American gift company and book publisher founded by Jen Bilik on January 1, 2002. The company is based in Los Angeles, California. Bilik, previously a book editor, launched Knock Knock in 2002 with the proceeds from the sale of her Manhattan apartment. Knock Knock’s initial product launch consisted of 13 items, including the Personal Library Kit. In January 2018, Knock Knock acquired Emily McDowell Studio and Sisters of Los Angeles (renamed People, Places & Things). The three individual companies are now under one umbrella: the newly formed Los Angeles based Who’s There Group.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16616436", "score": "1.0500538", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Knocking on Heaven's Door (2014 film)", "text": "asks her why she's still with him, and she explains that she's worried about what the church and the society would think, as she's a role model to millions around the world. Thomas advises her to think about herself, do what she thinks is right and move on; he warns her that Moses might end up killing her. When they're about to leave to sign the record deal, Thomas kisses her; she feels disgusted and slaps him, Thomas apologizes. Debby signs the record deal, with an appointment for 8am the next morning. Thomas takes her home very late in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18002314", "score": "1.0497298", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Joel Engardio", "text": "the United States. Entertainment Weekly named it \"What to Watch.\" \"Knocking\" was broadcast in the United States on PBS. It was also broadcast in Australia, Canada, Greece and Israel. \"Knocking\" was released on DVD in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian and Korean. Critics of Jehovah's Witnesses said the film did not deal harshly enough with controversies surrounding the religion, like the practice of shunning. Engardio told film festival audiences that \"Knocking\" contained criticism organic to the film's story. Engardio has written Washington Post essays critical of Jehovah's Witness practices, including shunning and refusal of blood transfusions. Engardio has also written essays", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12299636", "score": "1.0480076", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Knock, Knock Who's There?", "text": "Knock, Knock Who's There? \"Knock, Knock Who's There?\" is a song written and composed by John Carter and Geoff Stephens. It was originally sung and recorded by the Welsh singer Mary Hopkin and was the United Kingdom's entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1970 where it came second. The single version was produced by Mickie Most and reached No.2 on the UK charts. On 7 March 1970, Mary Hopkin sang six songs at the UK National Final, \"A Song for Europe\", which was aired on the television series \"It's Cliff Richard!\". Hopkin was chosen by the BBC to be the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12233956", "score": "1.0474219", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Knocking on Heaven's Door (2014 film)", "text": "Debby to be signed in his label, an offer she vehemently refuses, but Thomas won't back off. Moses starts noticing Debby and Thomas together and he starts to get jealous, sighting Debby's new fire when they make love, even though Debby has assured that there's nothing to be worried about; Moses becomes more violent regardless. Debby leaves home to Wunmi's (Leelee Byoma) place; Debby's closest friend, the family's doctor, and a church member who has become aware of what's going on. Debby eventually returns to Moses, after his endless apologies. On their way back from a media interview, Moses accuses", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18002312", "score": "1.0430335", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Knock on Any Door", "text": "Knock on Any Door Knock on Any Door is a 1949 American courtroom trial film noir directed by Nicholas Ray and starring Humphrey Bogart. The picture gave actor John Derek a break in developing his film career and was based on the 1947 novel of the same name by Willard Motley. Against the wishes of his law partners, lawyer Andrew Morton (Humphrey Bogart) takes the case of Nick Romano (John Derek), a troubled young man from the slums, partly because he himself came from the same slums, and partly because he feels guilty for botching the criminal trial of Nick's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7839444", "score": "1.0418897", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Knock on the Sky", "text": "Knock on the Sky Knock on the Sky is the second studio album of country music trio SHeDAISY. It was released on June 25, 2002. The two singles from this album, \"Get Over Yourself\" and \"Mine All Mine\", were minor Top 30 hits on the country charts. \"Mine All Mine\" was also featured on the soundtrack for the 2002 film Sweet Home Alabama and featured a video including clips from the movie. This was SHeDAISY's weakest selling album as well; given its poor reception to radio, the group has referred to it as being \"ahead of its time\". \"Mine All", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9827625", "score": "1.0392121", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door", "text": "Secret Police, before an announcement of another cold war issue interrupted the song. I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door \"I'm Gonna Knock on Your Door\", written by Aaron Schroeder and Sid Wayne, is a song that was originally released by the Isley Brothers in 1959 and became a hit for teenage actor Eddie Hodges in 1961. It peaked at #12 at \"Billboard\" Hot 100. An excerpt of the song was used in the Buchanan and Goodman 1961 break -in novelty recording entitled \"Berlin Top Ten\" which dealt with the Berlin Wall crisis, during the Cold War, as Boris the Russian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10337909", "score": "1.0386219", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Don't Come Knocking", "text": "Don't Come Knocking Don't Come Knocking is a 2005 American drama road movie directed by German director Wim Wenders and written by Wenders and actor/playwright Sam Shepard. The two had previously collaborated on the film \"Paris, Texas\" (1984). It was entered into the 2005 Cannes Film Festival. Shepard stars as Howard Spence, an aging, hard-living Western movie star, who, disgusted with his life & washed up, flees by horse from the set of his latest western filming in the desert outside Moab, Utah. He hits the road looking for refuge in his past, traveling to his hometown of Elko, Nevada", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6551126", "score": "1.038262", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Someone's Knocking at the Door", "text": "Someone's Knocking at the Door Someone's Knocking at the Door is a 2009 American comedy horror film co-written, directed and produced by Chad Ferrin. The film stars Noah Segan, Andrea Rueda, Ezra Buzzington, Elina Madison, Jon Budinoff, Ricardo Gray, Jordan Lawson, Lew Temple, and Vernon Wells. The film follows a group of drug-addled medical school students, Justin, Meg, Sebastian, and Joe, getting targeted by John and Wilma Hopper, a married sexually sadistic serial killer couple from the 1970s who rape their victims to death. Ray Harris, a med student, sits in his dorm, watching stag films and shooting what at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16781168", "score": "1.0338297", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Knock on Any Door", "text": "guilt. Morton is shocked by Nick's confession, yet he still manages to arouse sympathy for the plight of those trapped by birth and circumstance in a dead-end existence. He pleads with the jury that if you knock on any door, you may find a Nick Romano. Nevertheless, Nick is found guilty and is sentenced to die in the electric chair. Morton visits Nick prior to the execution and watches him walk the last mile. Uncredited Producer Mark Hellinger purchased the rights to \"Knock on Any Door\" (a novel by the African American novelist Willard Motley) and Humphrey Bogart and Marlon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7839448", "score": "1.0333352", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Knock Knock (play)", "text": "She calls Abe and Cohn to join her in a space ship on a pilgrimage to Heaven — before the coming holocaust. Cohn is willing to go along, but Abe refuses, so Joan remains and sets up housekeeping in the cabin. When Joan accidentally cuts her finger in the kitchen, she faints and dies, which gets her to heaven without the space ship. Abe and Cohn are left behind to argue with Joan’s spiritual Voices. When Feiffer discussed \"Knock Knock\", he considered that aspects of it can be a metaphor for the post-1960s era America. “In the ‘60s there was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19447147", "score": "1.0325633", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Knock on Wood (song)", "text": "Knock on Wood (song) \"Knock On Wood\" is a 1966 hit song written by Eddie Floyd and Steve Cropper and originally performed by Floyd. His recording peaked at number 28 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and spent one week at number 1 on the Soul Singles chart. The song was written in the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee (now The National Civil Rights Museum). Steve Cropper has stated in interviews that there was a lightning storm the night that he and Eddie wrote the song, hence the lyrics 'It's like thunder and lightning, The way you love me is frightening'.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6605271", "score": "1.03036", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "Knockin' on Heaven's Door", "long_answer": "\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\" is a song written and sung by Bob Dylan, for the soundtrack of the 1973 film Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid. Released as a single, it reached No. 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. Described by Dylan biographer Clinton Heylin as \"an exercise in splendid simplicity\", the song, in terms of the number of other artists who have covered it, is one of Dylan's most popular post-1960s compositions.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\" is a song written and sung by Bob Dylan, for the soundtrack of the 1973 film Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid. Released as a single, it reached No. 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. Described by Dylan biographer Clinton Heylin as \"an exercise in splendid simplicity\", the song, in terms of the number of other artists who have covered it, is one of Dylan's most popular post-1960s compositions.", "short_answers": [ "Bob Dylan" ] }

[ "Melanie Walters" ]

[ { "title": "List of Gavin & Stacey characters", "text": "Vale of Glamorgan. During the first two series Gavin lives with his parents Mick (Larry Lamb) and Pam (Alison Steadman) but in the third series he has moved, with Stacey, to Barry and lives with Stacey's mum. He has a best friend Neil \"Smithy\" Smith (James Corden). For most of the episodes Stacey lives in Barry with her mum Gwen (Melanie Walters), with an extended family of Uncle Bryn (Rob Brydon) across the street, and best friend Vanessa Shanessa \"Nessa\" Jenkins (Ruth Jones), but for a short while during series two she lived with Gavin, Pam and Mick in Essex.\n", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Gavin & Stacey", "text": "to Sullivan as her housemate; a member of the band she initially lives with. Nessa had also claimed to have had an affair with Prescott. The initial series begins with the lives of the title characters, Gavin Shipman (Mathew Horne) and Stacey West (Joanna Page). Gavin is 28 and lives at home in Billericay, Essex, with his parents, Mick (Larry Lamb) and Pam (Alison Steadman). He and Stacey, along with their respective best friends Neil \"Smithy\" Smith (James Corden) and Nessa Jenkins (Ruth Jones), go out on a double date. The night ends with Gavin and Stacey returning to a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10232934", "score": "1.1772062", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Gavin & Stacey", "text": "special involves Stacey's family, along with Nessa and her partner, Dave Coaches (Steffan Rhodri), spending Christmas with Gavin's parents. Gavin reveals that he has found a job in Cardiff, which at first causes upset for Pam and Smithy, but they both learn to accept it. Gavin later admits to Smithy that he is moving to Barry with Stacey in order to save his marriage. Smithy also gets upset when he feels that Dave, who lives with the baby, Neil, is replacing him as a father. Smithy is furthermore unhappy after Dave proposes to Nessa (with the ring enclosed in a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10232938", "score": "1.1625123", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Stacey Slater", "text": "(a review of the year 2016 in British soap) named Stacey's postpartum psychosis storyline as one of the \"best bits of January\". Stacey Slater Stacey Fowler (also Slater and Branning) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Lacey Turner. She made her first appearance on 1 November 2004. The character was introduced as a feisty and troublesome teenager, an extension of the already established Slater family. She has featured in numerous high-profile storylines, including abortion, drug abuse, a troubled relationship with her mother Jean (Gillian Wright), discovering she has bipolar disorder, an affair with her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6206987", "score": "1.1593566", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Stacey Slater", "text": "Stacey Slater Stacey Fowler (also Slater and Branning) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Lacey Turner. She made her first appearance on 1 November 2004. The character was introduced as a feisty and troublesome teenager, an extension of the already established Slater family. She has featured in numerous high-profile storylines, including abortion, drug abuse, a troubled relationship with her mother Jean (Gillian Wright), discovering she has bipolar disorder, an affair with her father-in-law Max (Jake Wood), becoming a victim of rape and murdering her rapist Archie Mitchell (Larry Lamb). The love triangle between Stacey,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6206916", "score": "1.1398922", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Joanna Page", "text": "Kit, on 1 April 2015 and, on 13 December 2016, a son, Noah. Page was nominated for \"Best Female Comedy Newcomer\" at the 2007 British Comedy Awards. Joanna Page Joanna Louise Page (born 23 March 1978) is a Welsh actress, model, and comedian, best known for her role as Stacey West Shipman in the BAFTA-winning television series \"Gavin & Stacey\". Page was born in Treboeth, Swansea, Wales, the only child of Susan Angela (née Foster) and Nigel Leslie Page. She attended Mynyddbach Comprehensive School, where she was head girl. She graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5838214", "score": "1.1285288", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Ruth Jones", "text": "in several BBC comedies, playing Myfanwy in \"Little Britain\", Magz in \"Saxondale\" and Linda in \"Nighty Night\". Jones achieved prominence in 2008 with the BBC sitcom \"Gavin & Stacey\", which she co-wrote with James Corden, and in which she took a lead role as Nessa Jenkins. The programme became a hit for BBC 3 and moved to BBC 1. Jones has said of it, \"It wasn't as deliberate as us saying, 'Right, we're going to react against cynical comedy'. We just wrote what we wanted. And it just so happens that the show does generate a lot of warmth. People", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6872038", "score": "1.1267818", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Slater family (EastEnders)", "text": "played by one of television's finest actors\". He also commented, \"Stacey's last time on the Square was iconic. But that was just the first act. There is so much more to come for Stacey.\" Matt Willis was cast as Stacey's partner Luke Riley and appeared across a guest stint. Lily was reintroduced alongside Stacey with the role recast to child actress Aine Garvey. Stacey and Lily return in February 2014, but Stacey departs during the following month after confessing to Archie's murder. Off-screen, Turner took a planned break to film BBC drama \"Our Girl\". In May 2014, it was announced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20973172", "score": "1.1217854", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Gavin & Stacey", "text": "South Wales to be with her family. In the final episode of the series, Stacey takes off her wedding ring, much to the upset of Gavin, but this is interrupted by the news of Nessa unexpectedly going into labour a month early. Pam, Mick and Stacey hurry across to Wales, whilst Gavin rushes to find Smithy with Smithy's sister, Rudi (Sheridan Smith), eventually finding him in the pub watching football. They arrive to find that Nessa has given birth to a boy, Neil. Gavin and Stacey decide to put their differences aside and are together once again. An extended Christmas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10232937", "score": "1.1172224", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Margaret John", "text": "nephew, Chris Davies, at a ceremony in the Brangwyn Hall, Swansea. Margaret John Margaret John (14 December 1926 – 2 February 2011) was a Welsh, BAFTA award-winning actress, best known for her role as Doris O'Neill in \"Gavin & Stacey\". She has been described, by fellow actress Ruth Jones, as \"an absolute national treasure\". Born in Swansea, as a child she wanted to be a nurse or vet, but she could not stand the sight of blood. She occasionally acted at school with her sister Mair. Spotted while acting in a chapel pagent competition, after an audition John trained at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7560994", "score": "1.1127591", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Stacey Slater", "text": "in an interview on the official \"EastEnders\" website that Bradley's death would lead to a permanent change in Stacey's character, saying that Stacey would struggle with motherhood. On 29 April 2010, Turner's decision to leave the show was announced after she expressed a desire to pursue other roles. She said of her departure: \"I've had the most fantastic time at \"EastEnders\". Stacey has been such a brilliant role for me to play, as has been part of the feisty Slater family. I'm so lucky to have had such challenging storylines, from the affair with Max and being diagnosed with bipolar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6206977", "score": "1.1106834", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Gavin & Stacey", "text": "Friends\". Corden claims to have been inspired by the story of his own real life best friend Gavin, who met his wife over the phone at work, and arranged to meet. They presented it to the BBC as a one-off play, but the BBC instead asked for a full series. The roles of Gavin and Stacey were cast through an auditioning process, but were almost immediately given to Mathew Horne and Joanna Page on the strength of their chemistry together. The roles of Nessa and Smithy were written by Corden and Jones for themselves. Some roles were written with certain", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10232943", "score": "1.1050937", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Slater family (EastEnders)", "text": "The characters depart together in September 2013 after deciding to move to Brighton. Martin reprised his role as Charlie for two episodes in December 2013 and expressed an interest in returning permanently. That same month, Kat announces that she is pregnant with Alfie's child. Nine months later, Kat gives birth to their twin sons, Bert and Ernie Moon (Freddie and Stanley Beale). It was announced on 6 December 2013 that Turner had agreed to reprise her role as Stacey and that the character would return in early 2014. Executive producer Dominic Treadwell-Collins described Stacey as \"one of \"EastEnders\" best-loved characters,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20973171", "score": "1.1045759", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Slater family (EastEnders)", "text": "Millington said that Kyle's time on the show had come to a \"natural end\". Both actors expressed an interest in returning to the soap. Stacey becomes pregnant again in 2017 with Martin's child. In the build-up to giving birth, Stacey has a seizure and is diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, which brings potential harm to her and the baby. She gives birth to a daughter, Hope Fowler, in October. The birth of Hope establishes the new generation of the Fowler family with Stacey as the matriarch. On Stacey and Martin's relationship and the family, Turner told David Brown of the \"Radio Times\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20973185", "score": "1.1041778", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Stacey Cadman", "text": "Stacey Cadman Stacey Cadman is a British actress and television presenter. She was born and educated in the West Midlands, England. After leaving John Willmott School in Sutton Coldfield, Stacey studied performing arts and Dance in Birmingham. She followed this with a course in Musical theatre at The Arts Educational Schools in London. She was chosen from hundreds of actresses for the leading role in the BBC TV series \"Cavegirl\". After filming two series in the wilds of South Africa, she was then picked for the role of Poppy Fields in Sky One's series \"Mile High\". Shortly afterwards she also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6019559", "score": "1.1033187", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Gavin & Stacey", "text": "from Billericay in Essex, and Stacey, from Barry in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. Initially, Gavin lives with his parents, Pam and Mick, and spends most of his time with his best friend, Smithy. Stacey lives with her widowed mother, Gwen, and is frequently visited by her uncle, Bryn, who lives across the road, and by her best friend Nessa. The series follows the key moments in their relationship: their first meeting, meeting each other's families, getting engaged, marrying, looking for a flat, briefly splitting up, looking for new jobs and trying for children. The characters of Gavin and Stacey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10232930", "score": "1.1027547", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Slater family (EastEnders)", "text": "with the charity Mind. In 2010, Turner left the series and Wallace reprised her role; the following year, Kat featured in a controversial story which sees her son swapped for a deceased baby. Turner returned in 2014 and the Slater family were later expanded. Riley Carter Millington, the first transgender actor to portray a transgender character in a British soap opera, was cast as Stacey's half-brother, Kyle Slater. Denise Welch appeared in one episode as Kyle's mother, Alison Slater. The family became a focal point across New Year 2016 when Kat discovers that she has a secret son and Charlie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20973153", "score": "1.1009483", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Slater family (EastEnders)", "text": "was later confirmed to be Stacey's half-brother. In May 2016, accredited actress Denise Welch appeared in one episode of the soap, episode 5276, as Kyle's mother Alison Slater, who has not seen him since his transition. On 3 April 2015, it was announced that Kat, Alfie and their children would be written out of the series to appear in a spin-off series centering around the characters. The spin-off contains six episodes and was announced to air in 2016. Treadwell-Collins created the drama and looked forward to developing the series. He explained that he wanted to \"take two of \"EastEnders\" most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20973175", "score": "1.0986353", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Bradley Branning", "text": "who'd had a \"sheltered life because his dad left him when he was young.\" In 2006, scriptwriters decided to pair Bradley with the character Stacey Slater, played by Lacey Turner. Mismatched, one reporter commented, \"geeky...goody-twoshoes Bradley doesn't seem like the type of lad [Stacey] would normally go for\", however he/she added that the couple \"may be chalk and cheese, but with [Stacey's] history of emotional turmoil, [Bradley] is probably just the stabilising influence she needs.\" The couple were hailed as the nearest thing Walford had to \"Romeo and Juliet\". Explaining the characters' attraction, scriptwriter Sarah Phelps has said, \"Bradley's gentleness", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6470504", "score": "1.095162", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Stacey Slater", "text": "of a bitch! […] She is going to be trouble!\" The 16 year–old actress Lacey Turner was cast in the role. Turner had originally gone to audition for a part in the Miller family, but was given the part of Stacey instead. Commenting on her role, Turner said \"I was speechless when I found out that I had been cast as Stacey Slater especially as I knew I would be working with Jessie Wallace who is my favourite actress. I've watched the show since I was about four years old, and I used to live in a house that backed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6206964", "score": "1.0947754", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Lacey Turner", "text": "Lacey Turner Lacey Amelia Turner (born 28 March 1988) is a British actress, best known for her portrayal of Stacey Slater in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" (2004–2010, 2014–present), for which she received over thirty awards, including four National Television Awards and ten British Soap Awards. She is also known for her work on \"Bedlam\" and \"Switch\" (both 2012), as well as \"Our Girl\" (2013–2014). Turner was born in Edgware, Barnet, Greater London to parents Bev and Les. She was raised as a Catholic with her two younger sisters, Daisy Turner (born 1990) and Lily Harvey (born 2001, known for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4948482", "score": "1.0891565", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Stacey Slater", "text": "was announced that Turner would return to the soap to reprise her role as Stacey, and would begin filming in January 2014. Turner was quoted as saying: \"I may have left \"EastEnders\" over three years ago but the show has always been in my heart, as has Stacey, and she has never really left my side. I am so excited about returning and seeing what the future holds for her. It's been a while since I set foot in Albert Square and I am looking forward to coming home.\" Executive producer Dominic Treadwell-Collins added: \"Stacey is one of \"EastEnders\" best-loved", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6206980", "score": "1.0868372", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Slater family (EastEnders)", "text": "the show to pursue new projects in April 2006. Her character, Little Mo, departed during the following month when she moves to Barnstaple. Little Mo's son Freddie Mitchell, portrayed by twins Alex and Tom Kilby, was also written out of the series. Following the spree of exits in the family, producers created three new additions of the family. Lacey Turner was cast as Stacey Slater, Charlie's \"fiesty\" great-niece, who is billed as \"one hell of a bitch\". Turner originally auditioned for a part in the Miller family. Stacey's mother, Jean Slater (Gillian Wright), was later introduced as a minor character.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20973161", "score": "1.0859175", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Stacey Slater", "text": "of her father when she was 11, after which Sean abandoned the family and left Stacey as Jean's sole carer. In 2005, Stacey befriends Ruby Allen (Louisa Lytton) and they later become best friends, despite falling out a few times. Their friendship ends completely in 2006, when Ruby encourages Sean to move away from his family and Walford for good, upsetting Stacey and Jean. Stacey also becomes heavily involved in the murder of Den Watts (Leslie Grantham) when she gives her cousin Zoe Slater (Michelle Ryan) a false alibi for his murder, landing an innocent Sam Mitchell (Kim Medcalf) in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6206920", "score": "1.0855298", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Stacey Slater", "text": "has proven popular with fans and critics, and Turner has won multiple awards for her portrayal. Stacey, age 15, arrives in Walford in November 2004, to move in with her great-uncle Charlie (Derek Martin) after being thrown out by her mother Jean (Gillian Wright). She causes trouble through her promiscuous and immoral behaviour, and is sent back home to Jean. However, she then returns to the Slaters, eventually beginning to settle down when joined by her mother and older brother Sean (Robert Kazinsky). It is revealed that Stacey had a troubled childhood, due to Jean's bipolar disorder and the death", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6206919", "score": "1.083813", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Gillian Wright", "text": "until her character finally moved into Albert Square in November 2007. In 2006 she collected a Mental Health Media Award for her portrayal of Jean Slater, a bipolar disorder sufferer. Her departure from the show was announced in 2010, along with her on-screen daughter Stacey Slater, played by Lacey Turner but it was later confirmed that she would return in spring 2011. In 2012, she won the 'Best Actress' award at the Inside Soap Awards. She departed \"EastEnders\" again in 2013 and returned for a short stint in August 2014. She also guest starred in one episode of hospital drama,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6591523", "score": "1.0777583", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Stacey Slater", "text": "characters, played by one of television's finest actors, and I am tremendously excited that Lacey has decided to return home to Walford. Stacey's last time on the Square was iconic. But that was just the first act. There is so much more to come for Stacey—and her return will send ripples of drama through the Square.\" Stacey confesses to the murder of Archie Mitchell. Lacey Turner took a break to film the new series of \"Our Girl\". It was confirmed that Stacey will return to \"EastEnders\" once filming has finished. On 7 December 2015, it was announced that Stacey would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6206981", "score": "1.0774579", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Stacey Slater", "text": "storyline won a Mental Health Media Award in September 2006. In 2006, scriptwriters decided to pair Stacey with a new character, Bradley Branning, played by Charlie Clements. Explaining the characters' attraction, scriptwriter Sarah Phelps has said, \"Bradley's gentleness makes Stacey a little bit gentler, and Stacey's toughness makes Bradley a little bit tougher.\" The couple were shown to face problems in August 2006, when Stacey declared she was pregnant with Bradley's child, and on the advice of his father, Max (Jake Wood), Bradley convinced Stacey to have an abortion. Scriptwriter Sarah Phelps has described Stacey's abortion as \"a dagger in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6206968", "score": "1.0771528", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Stacey Slater", "text": "forced to return the toilets when Belinda inadvertently tries to sell them back to Jack Branning (Scott Maslen), from whom they were stolen. Stacey and Martin then marry. Stacey helps Belinda out at her new salon and Belinda is impressed with her. Martin's daughter Bex Fowler (Jasmine Armfield) confides in Stacey about her boyfriend Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi) wanting sex with her and asks for advice. When Bex's mother and Martin's former wife Sonia Fowler (Natalie Cassidy) leaves, Bex moves in with the Fowlers, leaving the flat overcrowded, so they move into Sonia's old house. Max returns to Walford after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6206948", "score": "1.0770093", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Stacey Slater", "text": "Janine Butcher (Charlie Brooks) and Ryan Malloy (Neil McDermott), the father of her daughter Lily Branning and the discovery that she murdered Archie and her being framed for attempted murder by Janine, forced her to flee the country on 25 December 2010. Stacey returned for a short stint between 7 February 2014 and 25 March 2014 when she turned herself in to the police for Archie's murder. After reappearing for another short stint between 5 August 2014 and 11 August 2014, Stacey later appealed, and returned permanently on 1 September 2014. Since then, Stacey's storylines include her friendship with Shabnam", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6206917", "score": "1.0741621", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "List of Gavin & Stacey characters", "long_answer": "Gavin & Stacey is an award winning British television comedy series, following the lives of the title characters Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Stacey (Joanna Page), who, before marrying, live on opposite sides of the country, Gavin in Billericay, Essex, and Stacey in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan. During the first two series Gavin lives with his parents Mick (Larry Lamb) and Pam (Alison Steadman) but in the third series he has moved, with Stacey, to Barry and lives with Stacey's mum. He has a best friend Neil \"Smithy\" Smith (James Corden). For most of the episodes Stacey lives in Barry with her mum Gwen (Melanie Walters), with an extended family of Uncle Bryn (Rob Brydon) across the street, and best friend Vanessa Shanessa \"Nessa\" Jenkins (Ruth Jones), but for a short while during series two she lived with Gavin, Pam and Mick in Essex.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "Vale of Glamorgan. During the first two series Gavin lives with his parents Mick (Larry Lamb) and Pam (Alison Steadman) but in the third series he has moved, with Stacey, to Barry and lives with Stacey's mum. He has a best friend Neil \"Smithy\" Smith (James Corden). For most of the episodes Stacey lives in Barry with her mum Gwen (Melanie Walters), with an extended family of Uncle Bryn (Rob Brydon) across the street, and best friend Vanessa Shanessa \"Nessa\" Jenkins (Ruth Jones), but for a short while during series two she lived with Gavin, Pam and Mick in Essex.\n", "short_answers": [ "Melanie Walters" ] }

[ "8 September 2010" ]

[ { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "Also revealed was that the game was at that point being tested on all three intended platforms. It was also announced that the game would be released simultaneously for all of them in August 2010. This was later rescheduled, and the game was then expected to have a 8 September 2010 release. It was then later announced on 27 August 2010 that the game had officially gone Gold and would soon be ready to sold. On 3 September, the games demo was released containing selected parts of the gameplay and story. It was then successfully released on 8 September 2010.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "the story of \"Amnesia\". It doesn't involve the same characters. The game will be set in an alternate history in the same universe.\" Amnesia: The Dark Descent Amnesia: The Dark Descent is a survival horror video game by Frictional Games, released in 2010 for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux operating systems, in 2016 for the PlayStation 4 platform and in 2018 for the Xbox One. The game features a protagonist named Daniel exploring a dark and foreboding castle, while trying to maintain his sanity by avoiding monsters and other terrifying obstructions. The game was critically well received, earning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072999", "score": "1.2947366", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent Amnesia: The Dark Descent is a survival horror video game by Frictional Games, released in 2010 for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux operating systems, in 2016 for the PlayStation 4 platform and in 2018 for the Xbox One. The game features a protagonist named Daniel exploring a dark and foreboding castle, while trying to maintain his sanity by avoiding monsters and other terrifying obstructions. The game was critically well received, earning two awards from the Independent Games Festival and numerous positive reviews. Originally released independently via online distribution, the game has since been published", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072969", "score": "1.2881278", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "a note written to himself, which informs him that he has deliberately erased his own memory and is being hunted by a \"shadow\", and instructs him to descend into the Inner Sanctum of the castle in order to find and kill its baron, Alexander. As he makes his way through the castle, Daniel gradually learns both about its mysteries and about his own past, through notes and diaries he finds as well as through sudden flashbacks and visions. He also finds himself followed by an unearthly presence – the Shadow – manifesting itself through fleshy, acidic growths spreading through the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072976", "score": "1.2807873", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "in retail by 1C Company in Russia and Eastern Europe, as well as THQ in North America. A collection of five short stories set in the world of \"Amnesia\", written by Mikael Hedberg and illustrated by the game's concept artists, was also made available. In addition, the game's soundtrack is available for purchase and a free content expansion \"Justine\" has been released, as well as many fan-made expansions and stories for its unique \"Custom Story\" gamemode. The \"Amnesia Collection\" – which contains \"The Dark Descent\", its \"Amnesia: Justine\" expansion and the sequel, \" –\" was released for PlayStation 4 on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072970", "score": "1.2378112", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "\"The Escapist\", where he outlined in detail the process of the game's development, mostly focusing on its ever-changing design and the financial problems that plagued the developers for most of the game's development. A PlayStation 4 version – \"Amnesia Collection\" – was released on 22 November 2016 via PlayStation Network; this title includes \"The Dark Descent\", its expansion \"Amnesia: Justine,\" and the sequel \"\". Just two days after its release on PS4 Frictional Games posted a tweet stating that the port managed to recoup all costs and \"more\". The game's music was composed by Mikko Tarmia and released for download", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072991", "score": "1.2316097", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "proceed along roughly the same lines: after surviving the puzzle sections, the nameless female discovers a phonograph dangling from the ceiling, which causes the walls of the chamber to begin moving inward as though to squash the protagonist. She passes out, but awakens unharmed and begins to congratulate herself. The protagonist is Justine, who staged the entire experiment to see if she still had any compassion for humanity within herself. Armed with her new-found knowledge, she moves forward into the ending sequence, in which any surviving victims thank her (not realizing she does not intend to free them now that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072985", "score": "1.2205672", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "ranks \"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\" as the 13th best horror game of all time out of 20. In 2011, Adventure Gamers named \"Amnesia\" the 34th-best adventure game ever released. An indirect sequel called \"\" was released on 10 September 2013, developed by The Chinese Room and published by Frictional Games. The Chinese Room is known for its Source mod \"Dear Esther\", which was later released as a standalone game to mostly positive reviews. Dan Pinchbeck, writer for The Chinese Room, has stated of the new \"Amnesia\" game: \"It's not a direct sequel, in terms of it doesn't follow on from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072998", "score": "1.2169434", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "as part of the \"Amnesia\" v1.2 update on 17 May 2011. It is possible to create custom stories for \"Amnesia\" that can then be loaded in the game. Various tools for the HPL Engine 2 have been released that allow the creation of own levels, models, particle effects and materials, using an interface similar to Valve's Hammer Editing Software. Game logic can be implemented using the AngelScript scripting language. A prominent example of a custom story is \"\", a fan-made sequel to Frictional's earlier \"Penumbra\" series. \"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\" has received critical acclaim with consistent praise given for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072993", "score": "1.2030762", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "Shadow to kill both Alexander and Daniel, though Agrippa promises to save Daniel from descending into darkness, calling upon Weyer to help him. The player takes control of an unnamed female character, who awakens with amnesia in a dungeon cell, accompanied only by a phonograph. This phonograph contains a recording by a woman named Justine, who tells the player character that she is the subject of a psychological test. The player character is then allowed to escape, or die trying. The player character is presented with several puzzles to solve. In each, she has the option of simply abandoning the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072983", "score": "1.1968138", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "its current title, \"Amnesia\", with the release of the game's website and a game trailer. Initial designs of the game varied considerably from the final game, with the developers interested in reintroducing more combat elements similar to those utilized in their first commercial title \"\". The developers soon discovered that they encountered many of the same problems and difficulties that plagued the combat in that game however, and the design was further changed to be more similar to the style set out by \"Overture\"s sequel \"\". On 5 February 2010 it was announced that the game had reached the alpha", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072987", "score": "1.1937143", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "also asks Daniel to take with him his head, which can be severed alive using a tonic invented by Weyer, and throw it into the inter-dimensional portal after Alexander opens it. Once Daniel enters the Inner Sanctum, there are three possible endings: he can let Alexander succeed, then be killed by the Shadow and descend into darkness, while Alexander tells him his sacrifice will be forever celebrated; he can prevent the portal from opening, then leave the castle content with his redemption after the Shadow kills only Alexander; or he can throw Agrippa's head into the portal, which leaves the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072982", "score": "1.19232", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "out, but this leaves him extremely vulnerable to any nearby monsters. If a monster spots Daniel, it will chase him until he's out of sight. If spotted, Daniel must flee, as \"Amnesia\" does not give the player access to weapons. Daniel must find hiding places or barricade doors with rocks, chairs and other obstacles; however, monsters are capable of tearing down doors in their path and kicking obstacles out of the way, and move extremely fast once they have spotted their prey. Players can also choose to hide Daniel in the shadows, at cost to sanity. Monsters who lose sight", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072974", "score": "1.1867146", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "the game's release, with Frictional recouping all the expenses from creating \"Amnesia\" by early October 2010. By the beginning of January 2011 the developer reported that nearly 200,000 units had been sold, declaring in response that \"With these figures at hand, we must confess that it gives us new confidence for the PC.\" The game kept gaining sales and in July 2011 it had sold almost 350,000 units. At the 2011 Independent Games Festival \"Amnesia\" won awards for both \"Excellence in Audio\" and \"Technical Excellence\" along with the \"Direct2Drive Vision Award\" which included a $10,000 prize. A year after the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072995", "score": "1.1751817", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "path to reclaim the orb, and that he should use the orb's power to fight back. Deep in the castle, he instructed Daniel in rituals supposedly serving to at least temporarily banish the Shadow, which included the killing and torture of imprisoned people, supposedly criminals. When they kidnapped the children of a farmer for what Alexander said would be the final banishment ritual, and Daniel killed one of the girls as she attempted to flee, he lost faith in Alexander, who left him for dead and descended into the Inner Sanctum alone with the orb. Broken, he decided to kill", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072979", "score": "1.1723433", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "22 November 2016, and for Xbox One on 28 September 2018. In a similar vein to the developer Frictional Games' previous games, \"Amnesia\" is an adventure game played from a first-person perspective. The game retains the physical object interaction used in the \"Penumbra\" series, allowing for physics-based puzzles and interactions such as opening doors and fixing machinery. Few in-game objects are operated by toggle; to open a door, for instance, the player must hold down a mouse button and then push (or pull) the mouse. This gives the player stealth, allowing them to peek out a barely-opened door or open", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072971", "score": "1.1600319", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "he consulted books and educated men about the orb's nature, finding that others have been known to exist, and wrote letters to people from Herbert's address book. He began to be plagued by nightmares, and found that Herbert's expedition has disappeared and the men he had recently consulted have suffered horrible deaths. Feeling desperate and hunted, he decided to accept the invitation of Alexander, who had replied to his letter by offering him protection at Brennenburg. After his arrival, the baron told him that he is being followed by the orb's \"shadow\" or \"guardian\", which will kill anything in its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072978", "score": "1.1599578", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs", "text": "\"The Dark Descent\", with larger areas and outdoor environments included. AI was also adjusted to ensure players are unable to predict enemy behavior based on their experiences with the original game. However, the core of the game remains the same as in \"The Dark Descent\", so as not to disappoint fans who want more of what they loved in the original. In 2010, after the release of \"The Dark Descent\", Frictional Games wanted to further the \"Amnesia\" franchise, but had no time for it. Later, they met Dan Pinchbeck of The Chinese Room at GDC Europe 2011, where the plan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16318110", "score": "1.1515417", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "original release of \"Amnesia\", the developers revealed that they had sold around 391,102 units and were continuing to sell about 6000 units per month. They also released details about how much money each platform generated for them by analyzing the sales from their online store, with 70% of sales coming from Windows users and 15% coming from users of Linux and another 15% coming from users of Mac OS X. Frictional did however note that their store was the only place anyone could purchase the Linux version of the game, whereas the Mac OS X and Windows versions could be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072996", "score": "1.1375575", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "purchased from other sources, meaning that the total percentage of Linux sales is actually considerably smaller compared to other platforms taken collectively. Observing that their own Mac OS X sales did not go down from their own store even as services like Steam picked up the game for that platform, meaning that it did not steal customers from their store but instead opened up a new market, they decided this makes a good incentive for other stores to support Linux as well. As of September 2012, the game sits at an estimated 1.4 million sales. As of October 2018, GamesRadar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072997", "score": "1.1310201", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "it slowly to sneak away, but also adds to the player's sense of helplessness, as it is now entirely possible to attempt to push open a \"pull\" door while danger approaches from behind. In addition to a health indicator, Daniel's sanity must be managed, centered around an \"afraid of darkness\" mechanic. According to designer Thomas Grip, \"the idea was basically that the darkness itself should be an enemy.\" Along with being in darkness too long, witnessing unsettling events, or staring at monsters will reduce Daniel's sanity, causing visual and auditory hallucinations and drawing the attention of monsters. Light sources help", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072972", "score": "1.1280423", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "of Daniel will search for him for a time, but will eventually leave and vanish. Players can also choose, preferably while being chased, to pick up an object and throw it to the monster, temporarily stunning the monster for about two seconds and giving Daniel some extra distance. In late August 1839, Daniel, a young man from London, awakens in the dark and empty halls of the Prussian Brennenburg Castle with little to no memory about himself or his past. All he can remember is his name, that he lives in Mayfair and that something is hunting him. He has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072975", "score": "1.1165177", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "this as soon as possible since he fears that other nobles no longer trust him. As Daniel nears the Inner Sanctum, he encounters Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, a man who had once studied the orbs with his student Johann Weyer and has since been kept alive and imprisoned by Alexander. He tells Daniel that Weyer has been able to harness the power of the orbs to travel between dimensions, which Alexander is preparing to do right now, and instructs him in finding the pieces of what used to be his own orb, which is needed to breach the Inner Sanctum. Agrippa", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072981", "score": "1.1132787", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Frictional Games", "text": "oneself. This turned out to be false, as the game sold 36,000 copies within the first month, and a total of 1,360,000 copies within the first two years, earning the company a total revenue of about in contrast to their development budget. \"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\" was followed by \"\" in 2013, which was developed by \"Dear Esther\" developer The Chinese Room. Nilsson stated that they chose The Chinese Room because the team at Frictional Games felt that they did not know how they should continue the \"Amnesia\" series and that a misattempted \"Amensia\" game would \"fail miserably\", wherefore they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11610936", "score": "1.1051612", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "commentary, and they explained in the comments section of the same page that its intended function was similar to that of Valve Corporation's commentary system that began in the \"Half-Life 2\" series. The authors cite \"Soul Made Flesh\" by Carl Zimmer and older horror movies such as \"The Haunting\" as being inspirations for the mood and style of the game. Other critics have drawn parallels between the game's story and the writings of H. P. Lovecraft. Thomas Grip, one of the games main developers, would later write up a post-mortem of the game titled \"The Terrifying Tale of Amnesia\" for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072990", "score": "1.0959213", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "on 17 May 2011. Some unused music can be heard in the soundtrack, but not in-game. On 12 April 2011 Frictional Games released an extra free level for owners of the Steam version of \"Amnesia\". This additional campaign is set apart from Brennenburg Castle. \"Justine\" was released on Steam as a way to promote the upcoming release of \"Portal 2\", as getting 100% on the campaign (all of the collectables, all of the analysis and making correct choices) unlocks a message from fictional company Aperture Science. The content was made available for all of the games supported platforms and versions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072992", "score": "1.0957597", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs", "text": "confirmed on their Twitter feed that the final release date for the game was 10 September 2013. The game was available to pre-order since 16 August. A PlayStation 4 version was included in the \"Amnesia Collection\", released on 22 November 2016 via PlayStation Network, containing \"Amnesia: The Dark Descent\" and its expansion \"Amnesia: Justine\". Just two days after its release on PS4 Frictional Games posted a tweet stating that the port managed to recoup all costs and \"more\". Initially code-named \"gameB\" by The Chinese Room, the announcement of \"Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs\" was preceded by a viral marketing and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16318113", "score": "1.0875671", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "restore sanity, and if none are available, Daniel may use tinderboxes to ignite candles in wall sconces and candelabra, or deploy an oil-burning lantern found near the beginning of the game. However, the number of tinderboxes and the amount of oil available are both limited, and standing in a light source also makes the player more noticeable to monsters. The player must balance the amount of time Daniel spends in light and shadow. Sanity is fully restored once Daniel completes an objective or progresses the game's story. It may also be restored by staying in the shadows until Daniel passes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072973", "score": "1.0771782", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "text": "ominous atmosphere and horror elements. John Walker of Rock, Paper, Shotgun even went as far as to say that \"I think it is safe to say that \"Amnesia\" is the most successfully frightening game to have been made.\" X-Play added \"Amnesia\" to its top ten PC games saying \"There are a lot of so-called \"horror\" games out there, this one is no joke. You'll be rocking back and forth and crying in no time\". Frictional Games did show some trepidation over the game's initial sales after the first week, but were encouraged by continued sales throughout the first month after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14072994", "score": "1.0641545", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Amnesia: A Machine for Pigs", "text": "Engineer back into his soul. Mandus sacrifices himself to the Machine, putting an end to both it and the Engineer, and ending the horrors above as year 1900 begins. The game is a survival horror game played from a first-person perspective. Players explore the environments using a lantern, with diary entries and notes providing information on the lost memory of the title character. Some elements of \"The Dark Descent\" have been removed, while new elements have been added. One of the reasons for this is to provide a fresh gameplay experience to veteran players of \"The Dark Descent\". The inventory", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16318108", "score": "1.0623907", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Amnesia: The Dark Descent", "long_answer": "On 5 February 2010 it was announced that the game had reached the alpha stage of development on all platforms. Two weeks later the developers released a new teaser trailer that showed actual game-play footage, and the developers began accepting pre-orders for the game through their website. Also revealed was that the game was at that point being tested on all three intended platforms. It was also announced that the game would be released simultaneously for all of them in August 2010. This was later rescheduled, and the game was then expected to have a 8 September 2010 release. It was then later announced on 27 August 2010 that the game had officially gone Gold and would soon be ready to sold. On 3 September, the games demo was released containing selected parts of the gameplay and story. It was then successfully released on 8 September 2010.", "chunked_long_answer": "Also revealed was that the game was at that point being tested on all three intended platforms. It was also announced that the game would be released simultaneously for all of them in August 2010. This was later rescheduled, and the game was then expected to have a 8 September 2010 release. It was then later announced on 27 August 2010 that the game had officially gone Gold and would soon be ready to sold. On 3 September, the games demo was released containing selected parts of the gameplay and story. It was then successfully released on 8 September 2010.", "short_answers": [ "8 September 2010" ] }

[ "Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia", "Lincoln Financial Field" ]

[ { "title": "Army–Navy Game", "text": "Currently the game is played primarily at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, the home of the Philadelphia Eagles. Since the 1980s, the game has been held roughly once every three or four years at a site other than Philadelphia. In addition to the Rose Bowl, these sites have included Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey (replaced in 2010 by MetLife Stadium, which is scheduled to host the game for the first time in 2021), M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore and FedExField in Landover, Maryland. These are still considered neutral-site games, but provide locations that are closer to one academy", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Army–Navy Game", "text": "field on November 29, 1890. They played 30 times between that date and November 26, 1927. The series has been renewed annually since 1930. The game has been held at several locations throughout its history, including Baltimore and New York City, but has most frequently been played in Philadelphia, roughly equidistant from the two academies. Historically played on the Saturday after Thanksgiving (a date on which most other major college football teams end their regular seasons), the game is now played on the second Saturday in December and is traditionally the last game of the season for both teams and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3000576", "score": "1.1471225", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Army–Navy Game", "text": "Army–Navy Game The Army-Navy Game is an American college football rivalry game between the Army Black Knights of the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York, and the Navy Midshipmen of the United States Naval Academy (USNA) at Annapolis, Maryland. The Black Knights (alternatively, the \"Cadets\") and Midshipmen each represent their service's oldest officer commissioning sources. As such, the game has come to embody the spirit of the interservice rivalry of the United States Armed Forces. The game marks the end of the college football regular season and the third and final game of the season's Commander-in-Chief's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3000573", "score": "1.1211984", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Army–Navy Game", "text": "the last regular-season game played in Division I FBS football. With the permanent expansion of the regular season to 12 games starting in 2006, several conference championship games joined the Army–Navy Game on its then-current date of the first weekend of December. In 2009, the game was moved from the first Saturday in December to the second Saturday; this means that it no longer conflicts with conference championship games and once again is the last non-bowl contest in college football. For much of the first half of the 20th century, both Army and Navy were often national powers, and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3000577", "score": "1.1150115", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Army–Navy Game", "text": "with their comrades. The game is the last of three contests in the annual Commander-in-Chief's Trophy series, awarded to each season's winner of the triangular series between Army, Navy, and Air Force since 1972. In years when Navy and Army have each beaten Air Force before the Army–Navy Game (1972, 1977, 1978, 1996, 2005, 2012 and 2017) the Army-Navy game has also determined whether Army or Navy would win this trophy. In years when Air Force has split its two games, the Army-Navy game determines whether the trophy is shared or won outright by the winner of the game. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3000582", "score": "1.0966026", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Army–Navy Game", "text": "conference championship weekend. The game has been held in multiple locations, but outside the 1926 game in Chicago and 1983 game in Pasadena, California, it has been played in the Northeast megalopolis, most frequently in Philadelphia, followed by the New York area and the Baltimore–Washington area. The series has been marked by several periods of domination by one team or the other, with Navy's 14-game winning streak from 2002 through 2015 being the longest for either side. Through the 2018 meeting, Navy leads the series 60–52–7, but has lost the last three games. Army and Navy first met on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3000575", "score": "1.0768893", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Navy Midshipmen football", "text": "2003 who was killed in Iraq, Navy's J. P. Blecksmith, was remembered. The players placed their comrade's pads and jerseys on chairs on the sidelines. Much of the sentiment of the game goes out to those who share the uniform and who are overseas. Army-Navy is played in early December, typically in Philadelphia. The game, however, has also been played in other locations such as New York, Baltimore, Chicago, and Pasadena. The Commander-in-Chief's Trophy is awarded to each season's winner of the triangular college football series among the United States Military Academy (Army), the United States Naval Academy (Navy), and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8888190", "score": "1.0765675", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "1955 Sugar Bowl", "text": "with two first place votes. Their last game was the annual Army–Navy Game against the fifth-ranked Army Black Knights. Neither team had an edge going into the contest; both had similar records, offensive and defensive rankings, and scores against common opponents. Sportswriters considered the game to be the biggest of the season, and the Lambert-Meadowlands Trophy, awarded to the best team in the Eastern United States, would be awarded to the winner of the game. The match was closely fought throughout, but Navy managed to hold a lead for the majority of the second half, and won 27-20. They moved", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12002872", "score": "1.0717733", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Sports in Philadelphia", "text": "in Philadelphia.\" The Army-Navy football game — an annual college football game between the rival service academies, the United States Military Academy (West Point) and the United States Naval Academy (Annapolis) — has been held more often in Philadelphia (which is located approximately midway between the two schools) than in all other locations put together. Eleven of the past fifteen Army–Navy Games have been held in Philadelphia. Temple University, which began playing football in 1894, fields the only Division I FBS football team in the Delaware Valley. Temple, one of many schools that switched conferences in the early 2010s, joined", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8425160", "score": "1.0680182", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "2007 Navy vs. North Texas football game", "text": "47.6 points per game. 2007 Navy vs. North Texas football game The 2007 Navy vs. North Texas football game was a regular-season college football game between the Navy Midshipmen and the North Texas Mean Green, played on November 10, 2007 at Fouts Field in Denton, Texas. The game held the record for the most combined points scored in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) regulation game with 136 total points, until 137 combined points were scored by Syracuse and Pittsburgh during their November 26, 2016 matchup. The mid-season, non-conference game was the first meeting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11150214", "score": "1.0599003", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Navy–Notre Dame football rivalry", "text": "Stadium or current M&T Bank Stadium, FedExField in Landover, Maryland, or at Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey. From 1960 to 1970, the Midshipmen hosted the game at John F. Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia, and they hosted the 1972, 1974 and 1993 games at Philadelphia's Veterans Stadium. The game has been played twice in Dublin, Ireland—in 1996 at Croke Park and 2012 at Aviva Stadium. The game was also occasionally played at old Cleveland Stadium. The 2016 game was held at EverBank Field in Jacksonville, Florida. Navy's 2018 home game was played at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16580256", "score": "1.0576595", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Navy Midshipmen football", "text": "the victory continued after the game, as the Midshipmen tore down the goal post at each end of the field and carried away all the markers that lined both sides of the field. Navy headed into its season finale against Army with a 9–0 record. The game was to be played in Chicago at Soldier Field, which had been built as a memorial to the men killed in World War I. It was only natural Army and Navy would be invited to play the inaugural contest there. James R. Harrison of the \"New York Times\" described the game as \"\"the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8888185", "score": "1.0572048", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Army–Navy Game", "text": "Navy with a 21–17 victory for the first time since 2001. On December 8, 2018, Army beat Navy 17-10 to increase their winning streak in the series to 3 games. Army also won the Commander in Chief's Trophy outright for just the eighth time in the trophy's history. The American national anthem was usually sung by combined members of the United States Military Academy and the United States Naval Academy choirs. Philadelphia has been the traditional home of the Army-Navy game. Eighty-eight of 119 games have been contested in Philadelphia including every game from 1932-1982 excepting three that were relocated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3000584", "score": "1.0571569", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Army–Navy Game", "text": "Stadium hosted the game in 1930 and 1931. New Jersey has hosted five games; 1905 at Osborne Field at Princeton University and four games at Giants Stadium from 1989-2002. Maryland has hosted a number of games throughout the history of the series as well. In Baltimore, Municipal Stadium hosted the 1924 and 1944 games and M&T Bank Stadium has hosted four games since 2000. In Landover, FedExField hosted the game in 2011. The Rose Bowl is the only site west of the Mississippi River to host the Army–Navy game; it did so in 1983. The city of Pasadena, California paid", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3000588", "score": "1.0555465", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Army–Navy Game", "text": "game occasionally had national championship implications. However, since 1963, only the 1996, 2010, 2016 and 2017 games have seen both teams enter with winning records. Nonetheless, the game is considered a college football institution. It has aired nationally on radio since 1930, and has been nationally televised every year since 1945. Some participants in the Army–Navy Game have gone on to professional football careers. Quarterback Roger Staubach (Navy, 1965) went on to a Hall of Fame career with the Dallas Cowboys that included starting at quarterback in two Super Bowl victories including being named the Most Valuable Player of Super", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3000578", "score": "1.0519817", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "United States Military Academy", "text": "(Firstie) class academically), and the \"Engineers\" (the top half). The game is played with full pads and helmets using eight-man football rules. The location has changed over the years, with recent venues being Shea Stadium, Michie Stadium, and Daly Field. Legend states that Army will beat Navy if the goats win, and the opposite if the engineers win. In recent years, female cadets have begun playing a flag football contest, so there are now two Goat-Engineer games, played consecutively the same night. From the earliest days of the academy, one form of punishment for cadets who commit regulatory infractions has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "440466", "score": "1.0519611", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Anchors Aweigh", "text": "first played during the Army–Navy football game on December 1, 1906, at Franklin Field in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Navy won the game 10–0 before a crowd in excess of 30,000, their first win in the match up since 1900. The song was gradually adopted as the song of the U.S. Navy; although there is a pending proposal to make it the official song, and to incorporate protocol into Navy regulations for its performance, its status remains unofficial. Its lyrics were considered too specific to the Academy and not representative of the Navy at large, and so were rewritten by George D.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2570136", "score": "1.0516753", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Army–Navy Game", "text": "Trophy series, which also includes the Air Force Falcons of the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) near Colorado Springs, Colorado. The Army–Navy game is one of the most traditional and enduring rivalries in college football. It has been frequently attended by sitting U.S. presidents. The game has been nationally televised each year since 1945 on either ABC, CBS, or NBC. CBS has televised the game since 1996 and has the rights to the broadcast through 2028. Instant replay made its American debut in the 1963 Army–Navy game. Since 2009, the game has been held on the Saturday following FBS", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3000574", "score": "1.0395744", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "1884 Navy Midshipmen football team", "text": "annual competition against rival Johns Hopkins, the third consecutive playing of the series. In what was the final season where the rivalry was the only game of the year, Navy defeated Johns Hopkins 96. The game, played on November 27, was hosted by the Academy, likely on an unused drill or parade field. In an unusual agreement between the two schools, the contest was played entirely under rugby rules. In the first half, Hopkins scored twice, on a touchdown from Mr. Bonsall and on a two-point safety. Navy scored twice in the second half of the game, when halfback Julius", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18197210", "score": "1.0394644", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Army Navy Match", "text": "ten minutes of the game and the Army took advantage of their wing overlap to good effect. Army Corporal Matthew Dawson was awarded the Babcock Man of the Match. The first Army vs Navy game was held on 13 February 1878. A contemporary newspaper The Broad Arrow gave the following account of the match: \"A fine exhibition of football delighted the somewhat small number of spectators. Bush scored the first try for the Navy from a scrummage near the line. The goal was kicked by Orford. A band of naval spectators who had taken up their position beneath a white", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7304004", "score": "1.0381078", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Army–Navy Game", "text": "servicemen who had fought in World War I. Navy came to the game undefeated, while West Point had only lost to Notre Dame, so the game would decide the National Championship. Played before a crowd of over 100,000, the teams fought to a 21–21 tie, but Navy was awarded the national championship. In both the 1944 and 1945 contests, Army and Navy entered the game ranked #1 and #2 respectively. The 1945 game was labeled the \"game of the century\" before it was played. Army defeated a 7–0–1 Navy team 32–13. Navy's tie was against Notre Dame. In 1963, shortly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3000591", "score": "1.0375845", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2007 Navy vs. North Texas football game", "text": "2007 Navy vs. North Texas football game The 2007 Navy vs. North Texas football game was a regular-season college football game between the Navy Midshipmen and the North Texas Mean Green, played on November 10, 2007 at Fouts Field in Denton, Texas. The game held the record for the most combined points scored in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) regulation game with 136 total points, until 137 combined points were scored by Syracuse and Pittsburgh during their November 26, 2016 matchup. The mid-season, non-conference game was the first meeting between the two teams;", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11150199", "score": "1.0371344", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Army–Navy Game", "text": "the large crowds that attend the game. Army's Michie Stadium seats only 38,000, while Navy's Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium seats only 34,000. The rivalry's first four games were hosted on the parade grounds of the respective academies and two games were held on campus due to World War II travel restrictions (1942 at Navy's old Thompson Stadium and 1943 at Michie Stadium). Outside of Philadelphia, the New York area has been the most frequent Army-Navy site. The Polo Grounds holds the record for most games hosted outside of Philadelphia with nine, hosting all New York City games through 1927. Yankee", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3000587", "score": "1.0367402", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "United States Military Academy", "text": "football began in 1890, when Navy challenged the cadets to a game of the relatively new sport. Navy defeated Army at West Point that year, but Army avenged the loss in Annapolis the following year. The rival academies still clash every December in what is traditionally the last regular-season Division I college-football game. The 2015 football season marked Navy's fourteenth consecutive victory over Army, the longest streak in the series since inception. On December 10, 2016 Army won for the first time in 14 years, beating Navy, 21–17. Navy quarterback Keenan Reynolds became the first Navy QB to beat Army", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "440452", "score": "1.0365245", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "1953 Army Cadets football team", "text": "tie against the Tulane Green Wave, future Green Bay Packer Max McGee starred for Tulane. In the Army–Navy Game, Army's 20–7 victory over Navy was its first since 1949. The turning point of the season was an October victory over #7 ranked Duke University. Duke featured stars such as Red Smith and Worth (A Million) Lutz. Tommy Bell ran up the middle. Quarterback Pete Vann switched the ball to his left hand, and made a southpaw pass. Red Smith was tackled by Bob Mischak in the final minutes of the game. Mischak ran 73 yards to make the tackle catching", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14281414", "score": "1.0343509", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "1883 Navy Midshipmen football team", "text": "game was played at the Naval Academy on November 29, 1883, Thanksgiving Day, most likely on an unused drill field or parade field. The game \"began in heat and discussion\", with the \"skillful and light weight\" Johns Hopkins controlling the \"endurance and muscle\" of the Naval Academy's team. However, tensions in the game quickly escalated. During the middle of the game, \"matters grew so hot\" that Johns Hopkins players were preparing to stop playing. Johns Hopkins scored two single-point safeties and shutout Navy, winning 2–0. The game \"ended in quarrel and wrangle\". The first postseason college football game would not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17785035", "score": "1.033807", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Navy Midshipmen football", "text": "the national championship based on retroactive rankings by both the William Boand and Deke Houlgate mathematical poll systems. † Co-champions Navy has participated in 23 bowl games, garnering a record of 11–11–1. The Army-Navy Game, played annually on the last weekend of the college football regular season in early December, pits the football teams of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York (Army) against the Navy Midshipmen. It is one of the most traditional and enduring rivalries in college football, and is televised every year by CBS. It was in the 1963 Army–Navy game that instant replay made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8888187", "score": "1.03248", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "1946 college football season", "text": "In Baltimore, #2 Notre Dame defeated Navy 28-0. November 9 A crowd of 74,000 turned out at New York's Yankee Stadium to watch #1 Army and #2 Notre Dame in a meeting of the nation's two unbeaten and untied teams. Both teams missed scoring opportunities. In the opening quarter, Army recovered a fumble on the Irish 24, but was stopped on fourth down at the 13 yard line. The Irish drove to the Army three yard line in the second quarter but no further. Army reached the Irish 20 yard line in the third quarter, but Notre Dame's Terry Brennan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12493823", "score": "1.0315647", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "1948 college football season", "text": "had completed its season, had 105 of 190 first place votes. #2 Notre Dame defeated Washington 46-0. The annual Army–Navy Game in Philadelphia pitted unbeaten (8-0-0) and #3 Army against winless (0-8-0) Navy, and 102,000 fans turned out to watch the mismatch, including President Truman. It was a surprise when the Midshipmen scored first, but Army went ahead 21-14 after three quarters. In the fourth quarter, Navy pushed the Cadets back to their own goal line, and took the punt at midfield. In six plays, Navy drove down to the four yard line, and Bill Hawkins crashed into the end", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12487424", "score": "1.0304127", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Navy Midshipmen football", "text": "carried away all the markers that lined both sides of the field. Navy headed into its season finale against Army with a 9-0 record. The game was to be played in Chicago at Soldier Field, which had been built as a memorial to the men killed in World War I. It was only natural Army and Navy would be invited to play the inaugural contest there. James R. Harrison of the \"New York Times\" described the game as \"\"the greatest of its time and as a national spectacle.\"\" Over 110,000 people witnessed the Midshipmen open up a 14-0 lead on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8888165", "score": "1.027876", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Army–Navy Game", "long_answer": "Currently the game is played primarily at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, the home of the Philadelphia Eagles. Since the 1980s, the game has been held roughly once every three or four years at a site other than Philadelphia. In addition to the Rose Bowl, these sites have included Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey (replaced in 2010 by MetLife Stadium, which is scheduled to host the game for the first time in 2021), M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore and FedExField in Landover, Maryland. These are still considered neutral-site games, but provide locations that are closer to one academy or the other.", "chunked_long_answer": "Currently the game is played primarily at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, the home of the Philadelphia Eagles. Since the 1980s, the game has been held roughly once every three or four years at a site other than Philadelphia. In addition to the Rose Bowl, these sites have included Giants Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey (replaced in 2010 by MetLife Stadium, which is scheduled to host the game for the first time in 2021), M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore and FedExField in Landover, Maryland. These are still considered neutral-site games, but provide locations that are closer to one academy", "short_answers": [ "Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia" ] }

[ "gray", "Grey matter" ]

[ { "title": "Grey matter", "text": "Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries. Grey matter is distinguished from white matter, in that it contains numerous cell bodies and relatively few myelinated axons, while white matter contains relatively few cell bodies and is composed chiefly of long-range myelinated axon tracts. The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually has a very light grey colour with yellowish or pinkish hues, which", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Dendrite", "text": "size, shape, and conduction. This ability for dendritic growth is thought to play a role in learning and memory formation. There can be as many as 15,000 spines per cell, each of which serves as a postsynaptic process for individual presynaptic axons. Dendritic branching can be extensive and in some cases is sufficient to receive as many as 100,000 inputs to a single neuron. Dendrites are one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being an axon. Axons can be distinguished from dendrites by several features including shape, length,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106713", "score": "1.0325034", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Dendrin", "text": "of the brain, but is very abundant in the parts of the brain where it is known to be expressed. Within these known locations in the brain, dendrin is associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Dendrin is found in the neuron's cell body and its dendrites. This is the part of the cell that helps it to retain its structure and move other molecules throughout the cell. MAGI/S-SCAM is a component of the cytoskeleton that is used to keep dendrin in the cytoplasm of a neuron, and prevents the protein from diffusing into the nucleus. Because of this location in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17389079", "score": "1.0271565", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Dendrite", "text": "have a stalk that extends from the cell body that separates into two branches with one containing the dendrites and the other with the terminal buttons. Unipolar dendrites are used to detect sensory stimuli such as touch or temperature. The term \"dendrites\" was first used in 1889 by Wilhelm His to describe the number of smaller \"protoplasmic processes\" that were attached to a nerve cell. German anatomist Otto Friedrich Karl Deiters is generally credited with the discovery of the axon by distinguishing it from the dendrites. Some of the first intracellular recordings in a nervous system were made in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106717", "score": "1.010196", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Dendrite", "text": "Dendrite Dendrites (from Greek δένδρον \"déndron\", \"tree\"), also dendrons, are branched protoplasmic extensions of a nerve cell that propagate the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project. Electrical stimulation is transmitted onto dendrites by upstream neurons (usually their axons) via synapses which are located at various points throughout the dendritic tree. Dendrites play a critical role in integrating these synaptic inputs and in determining the extent to which action potentials are produced by the neuron. Dendritic arborization, also known as dendritic branching, is a multi-step biological", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106711", "score": "0.9989659", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Dendrite", "text": "to a dendrite, or dendrodendritic, involving signaling between dendrites. An autapse is a synapse in which the axon of one neuron transmits signals to its own dendrites. There are three main types of neurons; multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar. Multipolar neurons, such as the one shown in the image, are composed of one axon and many dendritic trees. Pyramidal cells are multipolar cortical neurons with pyramid shaped cell bodies and large dendrites called apical dendrites that extend to the surface of the cortex. Bipolar neurons have one axon and one dendritic tree at opposing ends of the cell body. Unipolar neurons", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106716", "score": "0.9898827", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Dendrite", "text": "result of physiological conditions induced by hormones during periods such as pregnancy, lactation, and following the estrous cycle. This is particularly visible in pyramidal cells of the CA1 region of the hippocampus, where the density of dendrites can vary up to 30%. Dendrite Dendrites (from Greek δένδρον \"déndron\", \"tree\"), also dendrons, are branched protoplasmic extensions of a nerve cell that propagate the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project. Electrical stimulation is transmitted onto dendrites by upstream neurons (usually their axons) via synapses which are located", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106730", "score": "0.98422265", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Dendritic spine", "text": "neocortex in which all cellular objects (axons, dendrites, and glia) and many sub-cellular components (synapses, synaptic vesicles, spines, spine apparati, postsynaptic densities, and mitochondria) are rendered and itemized in a database. By tracing the trajectories of all excitatory axons and noting their juxtapositions, both synaptic and non-synaptic, with every dendritic spine the study refutes the idea that physical proximity is sufficient to predict synaptic connectivity (the so-called Peters’ rule). Dendritic spine A dendritic spine (or spine) is a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite that typically receives input from a single axon at the synapse. Dendritic spines serve as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2212633", "score": "0.9824604", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Dendritic spine", "text": "Dendritic spine A dendritic spine (or spine) is a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite that typically receives input from a single axon at the synapse. Dendritic spines serve as a storage site for synaptic strength and help transmit electrical signals to the neuron's cell body. Most spines have a bulbous head (the spine head), and a thin neck that connects the head of the spine to the shaft of the dendrite. The dendrites of a single neuron can contain hundreds to thousands of spines. In addition to spines providing an anatomical substrate for memory storage and synaptic transmission,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2212609", "score": "0.97474325", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Axon", "text": "type is a dendrite. Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape (dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius), length (dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer), and function (dendrites receive signals whereas axons transmit them). Some types of neurons have no axon and transmit signals from their dendrites. In some species, axons can emanate from dendrites and these are known as axon-carrying dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; however in invertebrates such as insects or leeches the axon sometimes consists of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10997", "score": "0.97375774", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Dendrite", "text": "and function. Dendrites often taper off in shape and are shorter, while axons tend to maintain a constant radius and be relatively long. Typically, axons transmit electrochemical signals and dendrites receive the electrochemical signals, although some types of neurons in certain species lack axons and simply transmit signals via their dendrites. Dendrites provide an enlarged surface area to receive signals from the terminal buttons of other axons, and the axon also commonly divides at its far end into many branches (telodendria) each of which ends in a nerve terminal, allowing a chemical signal to pass simultaneously to many target cells.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106714", "score": "0.9646111", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Cerebellum", "text": "of the earliest types to be recognized—they were first described by the Czech anatomist Jan Evangelista Purkyně in 1837. They are distinguished by the shape of their dendritic tree: The dendrites branch very profusely, but are severely flattened in a plane perpendicular to the cerebellar folds. Thus, the dendrites of a Purkinje cell form a dense planar net, through which parallel fibers pass at right angles. The dendrites are covered with dendritic spines, each of which receives synaptic input from a parallel fiber. Purkinje cells receive more synaptic inputs than any other type of cell in the brain—estimates of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "608131", "score": "0.95766866", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Apical dendrite", "text": "Apical dendrite An apical dendrite is a dendrite that emerges from the apex of a pyramidal cell. Apical dendrites are one of two primary categories of dendrites, and they distinguish the pyramidal cells from spiny stellate cells in the cortices. Pyramidal cells are found in the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex, the olfactory cortex, and other areas. Dendrite arbors formed by apical dendrites are the means by which synaptic inputs into a cell are integrated. The apical dendrites in these regions contribute significantly to memory, learning, and sensory associations by modulating the excitatory and inhibitory signals received by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5817169", "score": "0.95538473", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Dendrite", "text": "to compute incoming stimuli. These functional units are involved in processing input and are composed of the subdomains of dendrites such as spines, branches, or groupings of branches. Therefore, plasticity that leads to changes in the dendrite structure will affect communication and processing in the cell. During development dendrite morphology is shaped by intrinsic programs within the cell's genome and extrinsic factors such as signals from other cells. But in adult life, extrinsic signals become more influential and cause more significant changes in dendrite structure compared to intrinsic signals during development. In females, the dendritic structure can change as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106729", "score": "0.9517097", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Neuron", "text": "an axon, particularly in its undifferentiated stage. Dendrites are thin structures that arise from the cell body, often extending for hundreds of micrometers and branching multiple times, giving rise to a complex \"dendritic tree\". An axon (also called a nerve fiber) is a special cellular extension (process) that arises from the cell body at a site called the axon hillock and travels for a distance, as far as 1 meter in humans or even more in other species. Most neurons receive signals via the dendrites and send out signals down the axon. Numerous axons are often bundled into fascicles that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "279837", "score": "0.9516882", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Dendrin", "text": "specific part of the brain and specific parts of the kidneys. Within the brain, dendrin is normally found in the forebrain and hippocampus and in the kidneys, dendrin is normally found in the slit diaphragm and podocytes. It is believed that the location of this protein may directly affect its function, both in the brain and in the kidneys. Dendrin is a postsynaptic protein that is found in the forebrain and hippocampus. Specifically in the forebrain, dendrin is found in the cerebral cortex and the subcortical forebrain plus midbrain areas (SFMA). Dendrin has yet to be found in other parts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17389078", "score": "0.9512675", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Human brain", "text": "the DLPFC, inferior frontal gyrus, and areas of the parietal cortex. Inhibitory control involves multiple areas of the prefrontal cortex, as well as the caudate nucleus and subthalamic nucleus. Brain activity is made possible by the interconnections of neurons that are linked together to reach their targets. A neuron consists of a cell body, axon, and dendrites. Dendrites are often extensive branches that receive information in the form of signals from the axon terminals of other neurons. The signals received may cause the neuron to initiate an action potential (an electrochemical signal or nerve impulse) which is sent along its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2708467", "score": "0.9288275", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Neuroscience", "text": "body, consisting of dendrites (specialized to receive synaptic inputs from other neurons) and axons (specialized to conduct nerve impulses called action potentials) – and somas (the cell bodies of the neurons containing the nucleus), and how neurotransmitters and electrical signals are used to process information in a neuron. Another major area of neuroscience is directed at investigations of the development of the nervous system. These questions include the patterning and regionalization of the nervous system, neural stem cells, differentiation of neurons and glia, neuronal migration, axonal and dendritic development, trophic interactions, and synapse formation. Computational neurogenetic modeling is concerned with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "290599", "score": "0.9273714", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Neuron", "text": "pigment granules, such as neuromelanin (a brownish-black pigment that is byproduct of synthesis of catecholamines), and lipofuscin (a yellowish-brown pigment), both of which accumulate with age. Other structural proteins that are important for neuronal function are actin and the tubulin of microtubules. Actin is predominately found at the tips of axons and dendrites during neuronal development. There the actin dynamics can be modulated via an interplay with microtubule. There are different internal structural characteristics between axons and dendrites. Typical axons almost never contain ribosomes, except some in the initial segment. Dendrites contain granular endoplasmic reticulum or ribosomes, in diminishing amounts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "279851", "score": "0.92213666", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Neuron", "text": "dendrites and cell body and transmits them, as action potentials, along the axon in one direction: away from the cell body. The Law of Dynamic Polarization has important exceptions; dendrites can serve as synaptic output sites of neurons and axons can receive synaptic inputs. The number of neurons in the brain varies dramatically from species to species. In a human, there are an estimated 10–20 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex and 55–70 billion neurons in the cerebellum. By contrast, the nematode worm \"Caenorhabditis elegans\" has just 302 neurons, making it an ideal model organism as scientists have been able", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "279872", "score": "0.92188716", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Dendrodendritic synapse", "text": "has resurfaced with vigor at the start the 21st century. The study of dendrodendritic synapses in the olfactory bulb provided some early examples of ideas about neuronal organization relating to dendritic spines Dendrodendritic synapses have been found and studied in both the olfactory bulb and the retina. They have also been found though not extensively studied in the following brain regions: thalamus, substantia nigra, locus ceruleus. Dendrodendritic synapses have been studied extensively in the olfactory bulb of rats where it is believed they help in the process of differentiating smells. The granule cells of the olfactory bulb communicate exclusively through", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683892", "score": "0.92101675", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Oblique dendrite", "text": "Oblique dendrite An oblique dendrite is a dendrite that branches from an apical dendrite that emerges from the apex of a pyramidal cell. Oblique dendrites typically branch one to two times before terminating. Dendrites are extensions of the cell body of a neuron. The growth and development of oblique dendrites in rats has been linked to the type of environment, or condition, they are placed in. This is also known as environmental enrichment. The three types of conditions used in studies are an enriched conditioned, standard condition, and impoverished condition. The enriched condition contains mazes, an exercise wheel, other rats,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5817235", "score": "0.91951835", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Brain", "text": "contain the medulla oblongata). Each of these areas contains proliferative zones where neurons and glial cells are generated; the resulting cells then migrate, sometimes for long distances, to their final positions. Once a neuron is in place, it extends dendrites and an axon into the area around it. Axons, because they commonly extend a great distance from the cell body and need to reach specific targets, grow in a particularly complex way. The tip of a growing axon consists of a blob of protoplasm called a growth cone, studded with chemical receptors. These receptors sense the local environment, causing the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "44917", "score": "0.9164852", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Lateral grey column", "text": "cells, that relay electrical signals through the brain and body. A nerve cell receives signals from other nerve cells through tree-branch-like extensions called dendrites and passes signals on through a long extension called an axon (or nerve fiber). Synapses are places where one cell's axon passes information to another cell's dendrite by sending chemicals called neurotransmitters across a small gap called a synaptic cleft. Synapses occur in various locations, including ganglia (singular: ganglion), which are masses of nerve cell bodies. Preganglionic nerve cells in the sympathetic nervous system (all of which come from the lateral grey column), use the neurotransmitter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7698972", "score": "0.9149484", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Dendrite", "text": "of sensory input, environmental pollutants, body temperature, and drug use. For example, rats raised in dark environments were found to have a reduced number of spines in pyramidal cells located in the primary visual cortex and a marked change in distribution of dendrite branching in layer 4 stellate cells. Experiments done in vitro and in vivo have shown that the presence of afferents and input activity per se can modulate the patterns in which dendrites differentiate. Little is known about the process by which dendrites orient themselves in vivo and are compelled to create the intricate branching pattern unique to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "106720", "score": "0.91473126", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "GENESIS (software)", "text": "the ways in which one neuron communicates with another through synaptic connections and the process called synaptic transmission\". Neurons have a specialized structure for their function, they \"are different from most other cells in the body in that they are polarized and have distinct morphological regions, each with specific functions\". The two important regions of a neuron are the dendrite and the axon. \"Dendrites are the region where one neuron receives connections from other neurons. The cell body or soma contains the nucleus and the other organelles necessary for cellular function. The axon is a key component of nerve cells", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10530746", "score": "0.9142312", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Oblique dendrite", "text": "31 May 2010. Oblique dendrite An oblique dendrite is a dendrite that branches from an apical dendrite that emerges from the apex of a pyramidal cell. Oblique dendrites typically branch one to two times before terminating. Dendrites are extensions of the cell body of a neuron. The growth and development of oblique dendrites in rats has been linked to the type of environment, or condition, they are placed in. This is also known as environmental enrichment. The three types of conditions used in studies are an enriched conditioned, standard condition, and impoverished condition. The enriched condition contains mazes, an exercise", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5817239", "score": "0.9120858", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Neuron", "text": "make up the nerves in the peripheral nervous system (like strands of wire make up cables). Bundles of axons in the central nervous system are called tracts. The cell body of a neuron frequently gives rise to multiple dendrites, but never to more than one axon, although the axon may branch hundreds of times before it terminates. At the majority of synapses, signals are sent from the axon of one neuron to a dendrite of another. There are, however, many exceptions to these rules: for example, neurons can lack dendrites, or have no axon, and synapses can connect an axon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "279838", "score": "0.91030204", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Human body", "text": "contain bone marrow, the site of production of blood cells. Also, all bones are major storage sites for calcium and phosphate. This system can be split up into the muscular system and the skeletal system. The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system consists of the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord. The brain is the organ of thought, emotion, memory, and sensory processing, and serves many aspects of communication and controls various systems and functions. The special senses consist of vision, hearing, taste, and smell.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "648886", "score": "0.9076754", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Brain", "text": "Brain The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 14–16 billion neurons, and the estimated number of neurons in the cerebellum is 55–70 billion. Each neuron is connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "44888", "score": "0.9073912", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

{ "title": "Grey matter", "long_answer": "Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries. Grey matter is distinguished from white matter, in that it contains numerous cell bodies and relatively few myelinated axons, while white matter contains relatively few cell bodies and is composed chiefly of long-range myelinated axon tracts. The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually has a very light grey colour with yellowish or pinkish hues, which come from capillary blood vessels and neuronal cell bodies.", "chunked_long_answer": "Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries. Grey matter is distinguished from white matter, in that it contains numerous cell bodies and relatively few myelinated axons, while white matter contains relatively few cell bodies and is composed chiefly of long-range myelinated axon tracts. The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually has a very light grey colour with yellowish or pinkish hues, which", "short_answers": [ "Grey matter", "gray" ] }

[ "one-mile-wide", "Golden Gate Bridge" ]

[ { "title": "Golden Gate Bridge", "text": "The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the one-mile-wide (1.6 km) strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The structure links the American city of San Francisco, California – the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula – to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. The bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco, California, and the United States. It has been declared one of the Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Golden Gate Bridge", "text": "water averages while its towers, at above the water, were the world's tallest on a suspension bridge until 1993 when it was surpassed by the Mezcala Bridge, in Mexico. The weight of the roadway is hung from 250 pairs of vertical suspender ropes, which are attached to two main cables. The main cables pass over the two main towers and are fixed in concrete at each end. Each cable is made of 27,572 strands of wire. The total length of galvanized steel wire used to fabricate both main cables is estimated to be . Each of the bridge's two towers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "154766", "score": "0.9209852", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Golden Gate", "text": "completed in 1937, and is an internationally recognized symbol of San Francisco and California in general. Since its completion, the span length has been surpassed by eight other bridges. It still has the second longest suspension bridge main span in the United States, after the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York City. In 2007, it was ranked fifth on the \"List of America's Favorite Architecture\" by the American Institute of Architects. The Golden Gate strait serves as the primary access channel for nautical travel to and from the San Francisco Bay, one of the largest cargo ports in the United States.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1268701", "score": "0.9205425", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Emperor's Bridge Campaign", "text": "Francisco to Oakland, to be named for Emperor Norton, who in 1872—with three proclamations published in the African-American-owned abolitionist weekly \"The Pacific Appeal\"—called for a bay-spanning suspension bridge linking San Francisco and Oakland via Goat Island, the present-day Yerba Buena Island. In the six weeks from the launch of the Change.org petition until the final California State Senate vote approving the resolution naming the Bay Bridge's Western crossing for Willie Brown, the petition attracted 3,800 signatures. It also received media coverage from the San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco Bay Guardian, KQED (Bay Area NPR affiliate), SFist, Laughing Squid, San Jose", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18434211", "score": "0.8955307", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "its offices at 500 Sansome Street in San Francisco. During 1931, a series of aerial photographs was taken of the chosen route for the bridge and its approaches. The final design concept for the western span between San Francisco and Yerba Buena Island was still undecided in 1931, although the idea of a double-span suspension bridge was already favored. In April 1932, the preliminary final plan and design of the bridge was presented by Chief Engineer Charles Purcell to Col. Walter E. Garrison, Director of the State Department of Public Works, and to Ralph Modjeski, head of the Board of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1427900", "score": "0.8911578", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Golden Gate Bridge", "text": "Francisco Ferry Building took 27 minutes. Many wanted to build a bridge to connect San Francisco to Marin County. San Francisco was the largest American city still served primarily by ferry boats. Because it did not have a permanent link with communities around the bay, the city's growth rate was below the national average. Many experts said that a bridge could not be built across the strait, which had strong, swirling tides and currents, with water deep at the center of the channel, and frequent strong winds. Experts said that ferocious winds and blinding fogs would prevent construction and operation.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "154746", "score": "0.8786443", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Kurushima-Kaikyō Bridge", "text": "to the western portion of San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge which is two successive suspension bridges with four towers and one shared anchorage. The bridge's total length of , is just a little longer than the total length of the two tower Akashi Kaikyō Bridge, which is . Kurushima-Kaikyō Bridge The , which connects the island of Ōshima to the main part of Shikoku, is the world's longest suspension bridge structure and was completed in 1999. The bridge is part of the Shimanami Kaidō, an expressway that spans a series of islands and connects Hiroshima Prefecture in Honshū to Ehime Prefecture", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5299999", "score": "0.87399703", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Architecture of San Francisco", "text": "for the design elements featured in the Golden Gate today. By 1930, the Golden Gate project had gained sufficient support from the public to ensure passage of a 35 million bond to finance the construction of the bridge. Construction of the bridge started in 1933 and would last until May 27, 1937. It was the longest suspension bridge in the world, and was considered a masterful feat of architectural engineering, designed to hold 5,700 lb/ft on its roadway and 2,000 lb/ft on its walkways. Architecture of San Francisco The architecture of San Francisco is not so much known for defining", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12465484", "score": "0.87240016", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Richmond–San Rafael Bridge", "text": "to replace a previous ferry service, leaving the Benicia–Martinez Ferry across Carquinez Strait as the only remaining auto ferry in the Bay Area (it would be replaced by a bridge in 1962). The bridge—including approaches—measures 5.5 miles (29,040 feet / 8,851.39 m / 8.9 km) long. At the time it was built, it was one of the world's longest bridges. The bridge spans two ship channels and has two separate main cantilever spans. Both main cantilever spans are raised to allow ship traffic to pass, and in between, there is a \"dip\" in the elevation of the center section, giving", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3559951", "score": "0.87088346", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "and opened to traffic at approximately 7:15 P.M. on Sunday, February 19. The principal span is of a seldom-built type, a self-anchored suspension bridge. It is unique in being both single tower and asymmetrical, a design tailored to the site. For ship channel clearance, the bridge would require at least one long span, while ready access to bedrock was found only close to Yerba Buena Island. A two tower cable-stayed design would require very deep tower footings, and a conventional two tower suspension bridge would additionally require a massive anchor to be built in deep bay mud. The curved nature", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5068337", "score": "0.86187303", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "was considered but rejected, as it would have required too much fill and reduced wharfage space at San Francisco, had less vertical clearance for shipping, and cost more than the design ultimately adopted. The solution was to construct a massive concrete anchorage halfway between San Francisco and the island, and to build a main suspension span on each side of this central anchorage. East of Yerba Buena Island, the bay to Oakland was spanned by a combination of double cantilever, five long-span through-trusses, and a truss causeway, forming the longest bridge of its kind at the time. The cantilever section", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1427902", "score": "0.8601725", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "connects the island to Oakland. The western section is a double suspension bridge with two decks, westbound traffic being carried on the upper deck while eastbound is carried on the lower one. The largest span of the original eastern section was a cantilever bridge. During the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, a portion of the eastern section's upper deck collapsed onto the lower deck and the bridge was closed for a month. Reconstruction of the eastern section of the bridge as a causeway connected to a self-anchored suspension bridge began in 2002; the new eastern section opened September 2, 2013, at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1427888", "score": "0.8590018", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, known locally as the Bay Bridge, is a complex of bridges spanning San Francisco Bay in California. As part of Interstate 80 and the direct road between San Francisco and Oakland, it carries about 260,000 vehicles a day on its two decks. It has one of the longest spans in the United States. The toll bridge was conceived as early as the gold rush days, but construction did not begin until 1933. Designed by Charles H. Purcell, and built by American Bridge Company, it opened on November 12, 1936, six months", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1427886", "score": "0.8583349", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "in 2019, US$7 in 2022, and US$8 in 2025. Official sites: Journals: Media: Other: San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, known locally as the Bay Bridge, is a complex of bridges spanning San Francisco Bay in California. As part of Interstate 80 and the direct road between San Francisco and Oakland, it carries about 260,000 vehicles a day on its two decks. It has one of the longest spans in the United States. The toll bridge was conceived as early as the gold rush days, but construction did not begin until 1933. Designed by Charles H. Purcell,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1427944", "score": "0.84226274", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "is on the Oakland side, the western span is a \"de facto\" non-tolled bridge; traffic between the island and the main part of San Francisco can freely cross back and forth. Those who only travel from Oakland to Yerba Buena Island, and not the entire length to the main part of San Francisco, must pay the full toll. San Francisco, at the entrance to the bay, was perfectly placed to prosper during the California Gold Rush. Almost all goods not produced locally arrived by ship. But after the first transcontinental railroad was completed in May 1869, San Francisco was on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1427894", "score": "0.83780324", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "Buena and downtown San Francisco has two complete suspension spans connected at a center anchorage. Rincon Hill is the western anchorage and touch-down for the San Francisco landing of the bridge connected by three shorter truss spans. The eastern crossing, between Yerba Buena Island and Oakland, was a cantilever bridge with a double-tower span, five medium truss spans, and a 14-section truss causeway. Due to earthquake concerns, the eastern crossing was replaced by a new crossing that opened on Labor Day 2013. On Yerba Buena Island, the double-decked crossing is a concrete viaduct east of the west span's cable anchorage,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1427890", "score": "0.83744144", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "above ground portion of the columns varies. Since the rock structure supporting these is a hard shale, it would be normal under previous engineering methods to simply dig a relatively shallow foundation for each column, with the structural length varying progressively. Modern seismic analysis and computer simulations revealed the problem with such a design; while the long columns could flex several feet at the top (0.6 meter, more or less), the shorter columns were likely to break, since the rigid deck structures cause the imposition of a similar amount of motion at the tops of the columns, imposing more bending", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5068369", "score": "0.83742684", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Suspension bridge types", "text": "other end tied into a conventional cable stay. The underspanned portion of the span is long and has three vertical members. The Akashi Kaikyō Bridge, one of the longest suspension bridges in the world, is a suspended-deck suspension bridge with a stiff truss girder deck. Its main span is 1,991 meters long. Unlike many other types of bridge, suspension bridges often can be built without use of falsework. In many cases, the main cables are constructed first, then the deck is added. This often involves the use of a pilot cable. For details of their construction methods, see the articles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5736377", "score": "0.8295517", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "Emperor Norton issued three proclamations calling for the design and construction of a suspension bridge between San Francisco and Oakland via Yerba Buena Island (formerly Goat Island). A 1939 plaque honoring Emperor Norton for the original idea for the Bay Bridge was dedicated by the fraternal society E Clampus Vitus and was installed at The Cliff House in February 1955. In November 1986, in connection with the bridge's 50th anniversary, the plaque was moved to the Transbay Terminal, the public transit and Greyhound bus depot at the west end of the bridge in downtown San Francisco. When the terminal was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1427932", "score": "0.82923865", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "was longest in the nation and third-longest anywhere. Much of the original eastern section was founded upon treated wood pilings. Because of the very deep mud on the bay bottom it was not practical to reach bedrock, although the lower levels of the mud are quite firm. Long wooden pilings were crafted from entire old-growth Douglas fir trees, which were driven through the soft mud to the firmer bottom layers. The original western approach to (and exit from) the upper deck of the bridge was a long ramp to Fifth, branching to Harrison St for westward traffic off the bridge", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1427903", "score": "0.8264047", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Suspension bridge", "text": "construct special towers, as the buildings can anchor the cables. Cable suspension may also be augmented by the inherent stiffness of a structure that has much in common with a tubular bridge. Typical suspension bridges are constructed using a sequence generally described as follows. Depending on length and size, construction may take anywhere between a year and a half (construction on the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge took only 19 months) up to as long as a decade (the Akashi-Kaikyō Bridge's construction began in May 1986 and was opened in May 1998 – a total of twelve years). Suspension bridges are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "579875", "score": "0.82579106", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area", "text": "County between Millbrae and San Carlos; 17 miles (27 km) in central Alameda County from San Leandro to Hayward; and 15 miles (24 km) along the shoreline and on city streets through Richmond in Contra Costa County. The northernmost trail section passes through San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge. Due to the central location of the San Francisco Bay, eight toll bridges cross the Bay or Bay tributaries. Each of the bridges collect separate tolls, and all of them accept payment through FasTrak, an electronic toll collection system used in the state of California. Seven of these eight bridges are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6844248", "score": "0.8200502", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "most expensive public works project in California history, with a final price tag of $6.5 billion, a 2,500% cost overrun from the original estimate of $250 million. Originally scheduled to open in 2007, several problems delayed the opening until September 2, 2013. With a width of , comprising 10 general-purpose lanes, it is currently the world's widest bridge, according to Guinness World Records. The Bay Bridge has two major sections: the western suspension spans and their approach structures between San Francisco and Yerba Buena Island (YBI) and the structures between YBI and the eastern terminus in Oakland. The original eastern", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5068309", "score": "0.8149792", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "fit to decree three times in 1872 that a suspension bridge be constructed to connect Oakland with San Francisco. In the third of these decrees, in September 1872, Norton, frustrated that nothing had happened, proclaimed: Unlike most of Emperor Norton's eccentric ideas, his decree to build a bridge had wide public and political appeal. Yet the task was too much of an engineering and economic challenge, since the bay was too wide and too deep there. In 1921, over forty years after Norton's death, a tube was considered, but it became clear that one would be inadequate for vehicular traffic.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1427896", "score": "0.8138481", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "of the approach places additional constraints upon the design. While earlier bridges of this type use chain eyebars, the long span needed here uses wire cable, like other modern suspension bridges. Uniquely, this is a single loop of cable rather than the usual pair of cables, and, rather than being spun in place above the catwalks, substantial bundles of strands were dragged into place with temporary support above the catwalks, eventually suspended by tensioning the strand. These strand bundles were then arranged to be finally compacted to form the completed main cable. Being asymmetrical, the shorter western span must be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5068338", "score": "0.81344664", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Suspension bridge", "text": "typically ranked by the length of their main span. These are the ten bridges with the longest spans, followed by the length of the span and the year the bridge opened for traffic: Suspension bridge A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (the load-bearing portion) is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders. The first modern examples of this type of bridge were built in the early 1800s. Simple suspension bridges, which lack vertical suspenders, have a long history in many mountainous parts of the world. This type of bridge has cables suspended between towers,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "579876", "score": "0.8121501", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Carquinez Bridge", "text": "and San Francisco bays to Richmond and Oakland; becoming U.S. Route 40, and ultimately Interstate 80. After the Loma Prieta earthquake engineers determined that the aging 1927 span was seismicly unstable, and that a retrofit was impossible. The decision was made to replace it with a new suspension bridge. The 1927 span was temporarily used to hold eastbound traffic while the 1958 eastbound span underwent a seismic retrofit, deck and superstructure rehabilitation, and painting to extend its serviceable life. The old 1923 cantelever bridge was dismantled three years after the opening of its replacement; with completion on September 4, 2007.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4615080", "score": "0.8116807", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Carquinez Bridge", "text": "bridge on November 15, but complications involving then just-recalled Governor Gray Davis and the transfer power to Arnold Schwarzenegger resulted in the date being moved. The coins minted to commemorate the event have the original date on them. The new suspension bridge, consists of the south anchorage, a transition pier, the South and North towers, and the north anchorage. It has spans of 147 m, 728 m, and 181 m. for a total span of . It features a pedestrian and bicycle path, part of a bike trail which it is hoped will eventually circle the entire Bay Area. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4615083", "score": "0.81002057", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "the time of the signing, the skyway portion of the bridge was 75 percent complete and the state was beginning to prepare to put the suspension span out for new bids. The entire project was then scheduled to be completed in 2013 at an estimated cost of $6.3 billion, not counting the demolition of the old span. In January 2006, costs for the main structure steelwork were determined to be $400 million in excess of these expectations. New bids for the main span were opened on March 22, 2006, with two submissions at 1.43 and 1.6 billion USD. Owing to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5068329", "score": "0.80982375", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge", "text": "Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge The eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge was a construction project to replace a seismically unsound portion of the Bay Bridge with a new self-anchored suspension bridge (SAS) and a pair of viaducts. The bridge is in the U.S. state of California and crosses the San Francisco Bay between Yerba Buena Island and Oakland. It was built between 2002 and 2013 and does not have a name other than the unofficial name of the bridge as a whole (\"San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge\"). The eastern span replacement is the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5068308", "score": "0.8055497", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

{ "title": "Golden Gate Bridge", "long_answer": "The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the one-mile-wide (1.6 km) strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The structure links the American city of San Francisco, California – the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula – to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. The bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco, California, and the United States. It has been declared one of the Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the one-mile-wide (1.6 km) strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. The structure links the American city of San Francisco, California – the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula – to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. The bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco, California, and the United States. It has been declared one of the Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers.", "short_answers": [ "Golden Gate Bridge", "one-mile-wide" ] }

[ "George Strait" ]

[ { "title": "I Just Want to Dance with You", "text": "\"I Just Want to Dance with You\" is a song written by John Prine and Roger Cook, and performed by American country music singer George Strait. It was released in April 1998 as the first single to his album, One Step at a Time, it is his 34th Number One single on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, and his 42nd Number One single when all major trade charts are counted. Prine recorded it 12 years earlier, for his 1986 album \"German Afternoons.\"", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "I Just Want to Dance with You", "text": "in 1992, reaching 20 in the UK charts. \"Billboard\" magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling it a \"tropical flavored li'l ditty, awash in delicate guitar work that is as tantalizing and refreshing as a summer breeze,\" and although the lyric was rather preschoolish, Strait's crisp co-production with Tony Brown and his appealing vocal performance should help overcome that obstacle. \"I Just Want to Dance with You\" debuted at number 38 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of April 18, 1998. I Just Want to Dance with You \"I Just Want to Dance with You\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12272710", "score": "1.1754472", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", "text": "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\" is the first single from Whitney Houston's second studio album, \"Whitney\". It was produced by Narada Michael Walden, and written by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam of the band Boy Meets Girl, who had previously written the number-one Whitney Houston hit \"How Will I Know.\" The song received mixed reviews from critics, who compared the musical arrangement to her own \"How Will I Know\" and Cyndi Lauper's \"Girls Just Want to Have Fun.\" The song won the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5410278", "score": "1.154294", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", "text": "underpinning and giddy zest of Cyndi Lauper's 'Girls Just Want to Have Fun.'\" In its review of \"Whitney\", Jon Pareles of \"The New York Times\" gave a negative comment, writing that listening to \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody\" and \"You're Still My Man,\" another track on the album was like \"watching television while someone fiddles with color controls.\" In 2006, \"Slant Magazine\" ranked the song at #88 in their 100 Greatest Dance Songs, commenting that \"with its parenthetical title, gummy bassline, schmaltzy horns, tinkling keyboards, and half-step key changes, [the song] is definitive '80s dance-pop.\" \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5410283", "score": "1.1222663", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", "text": "similar version of '99 tour's on Arista Records 25th Anniversary Celebration, taped at Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles on April 10, and broadcast on May 15 on NBC. Bibliography I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\" is the first single from Whitney Houston's second studio album, \"Whitney\". It was produced by Narada Michael Walden, and written by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam of the band Boy Meets Girl, who had previously written the number-one Whitney Houston hit \"How Will I Know.\" The song received mixed reviews from critics, who compared the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5410300", "score": "1.1195685", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", "text": "come up with \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody.\" Later on, Rubicam explained the idea behind the song: But, the song did not impress the producer Narada Michael Walden, who had produced \"How Will I Know.\" He took a little more persuading with regard to the song's potential, and at first was not too keen on having Houston record it, as he felt it was too \"country and western sounding.\" He said of it, For the song's production, a Roland TR-808 was used to produce the drum machine percussion. \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\" received mixed reviews from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5410281", "score": "1.0714434", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Dance with Somebody (Glee)", "text": "\"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\" debuted at number eighty. The same week as the \"Glee\" singles charted, Houston's \"\" album jumped back to number one on the \"Billboard\" Top Catalog Albums chart, and climbed seven spots to number twenty-eight on the \"Billboard\" 200. Dance with Somebody (Glee) \"Dance with Somebody\" is the seventeenth episode of the third season of the American musical television series \"Glee\", and the sixty-first overall. Written by Ross Maxwell and directed by Paris Barclay, the episode aired on Fox in the United States on April 24, 2012. It is a special tribute episode", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16430088", "score": "1.0712134", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Do You Want to Dance", "text": "reached No. 17. A different song called \"Do You Wanna Dance?\" was a UK hit for Barry Blue in 1973. San Francisco-born teenager Bobby Freeman had been a member of doo-wop groups the Romancers and the Vocaleers. When asked by a local DJ if he had written any songs, he wrote several and recorded them as solo demos. These included \"Do You Want to Dance\", which was heard by a visiting record label executive, Mortimer Palitz of Jubilee Records. He signed Freeman to the label, and had the original recording overdubbed in New York by session musicians including guitarist Billy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7559773", "score": "1.0548823", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Everybody Wants to Dance Like Josephine Baker", "text": "lead vocals although the key proved too low for her. Bobby Farrell did a spoken part, and Marcia Barrett backing vocals. UK 7\" 12\" CD The Netherlands 7\" Everybody Wants to Dance Like Josephine Baker \"Everybody Wants to Dance Like Josephine Baker\" is a 1989 single by German band Boney M. Produced by Barry Blue and recorded by original Boney M. members Marcia Barrett, Bobby Farrell, Maizie Williams and singer Madeleine Davis replacing Liz Mitchell, the single was withdrawn when original producer Frank Farian claimed copyright to the name Boney M. and a court case followed. In France, the single", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11985023", "score": "1.0531471", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", "text": "Los Angeles, broadcast in more than 180 countries on July 17, 1994. \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody\" was included in the setlist on two regional tours, The Pacific Rim Tour (1997) and The European Tour (1998). During the 1999 My Love Is Your Love World Tour, the remix version of the song was performed as a part of \"1980s Dance Medley\" along with \"How Will I Know.\" One performance of the song on the tour was taped in Sopot, Poland and broadcast live on Polish TV channel TVP1 on August 22, 1999. In 2000, she performed the song as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5410299", "score": "1.053053", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "I'm Happy Just to Dance with You", "text": "released a cover on their 2008 album, \"B-Sides The Beatles\". Tori Kelly sang the song as the character Millie Pede in Beat Bugs. I'm Happy Just to Dance with You \"I'm Happy Just to Dance with You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by The Beatles for the film soundtrack to \"A Hard Day's Night\". Lead vocals are by George Harrison, whose performance in the film marked the first mass media depiction of Harrison singing lead. It was written specifically for George Harrison to sing at a time when he lacked the confidence to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5580464", "score": "1.0504291", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", "text": "Concert, televised on CBS, April 17, 1990. This performance was included in the 2014 CD/DVD release, \"\". In 1991, she opened I'm Your Baby Tonight World Tour with \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me).\" Three different performances of the song were taped and broadcast. The first is in Yokohama, Japan on March 15 and the second is in Norfolk, Virginia, the concert titled Welcome Home Heroes, televised live on HBO, March 31 and later released as the video of the same name. The third is in A Coruña, Spain on September 29, broadcast on Spanish TV channel and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5410297", "score": "1.0502689", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", "text": "Performance at the 30th Grammy Awards. The single was a commercial success, topping the charts in 13 countries including Australia, Italy, Germany and the UK. In the US, it became her fourth consecutive number one single and sold over one million copies, making it her first platinum single in the US; and her biggest hit in that country at the time. It was eventually surpassed by her version of \"I Will Always Love You\", five years later in 1992. \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody\" was written by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam, who wrote Houston's 1985 song \"How Will I", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5410279", "score": "1.039822", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", "text": "its beginning, with myriad locations and various outfits by Houston, as dancers trying to impress her as she dances. Towards the end of the song she manhandles a guy, who has a mixture of a look of shock and surprise asking him \"Don't you wanna dance say you wanna dance\". It has over 100 million views as of November, 2017 on YouTube. Houston performed the song on almost all of her world and regional tours. She premiered the song during the later shows of The Greatest Love World Tour in 1986, before its official release of the next year, introducing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5410293", "score": "1.036705", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Whitney (album)", "text": "three straight number one singles from the debut album, they established an unprecedented seven consecutive number one hits by a performer, surpassing the Beatles and the Bee Gees. As well as in United States, the album and the first single, \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me),\" were hits worldwide, topping the charts in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and mainland Europe. At the 30th Grammy Awards of 1988, the album received three nominations including Album of the Year, winning her second Grammy, \"Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female\" for \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me).\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4173937", "score": "1.0352463", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "She Wants to Dance with Me", "text": "Canada. It was an international success. \"She Wants to Dance with Me\" was Astley's first self-composed single that he released. Astley performed the song at the 1989 Grammy Awards, and he changed the lyrics to: When the song was performed on \"Top of the Pops\", the backing keyboard player was songwriter-turned-Conservative MP David Morris. She Wants to Dance with Me \"She Wants to Dance with Me\" is a song written and recorded by Rick Astley in 1988. It is the lead single from his second studio album, \"Hold Me in Your Arms\". The song was released in United Kingdom on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14696784", "score": "1.0310147", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Do You Want to Dance", "text": "Do You Want to Dance \"Do You Want to Dance\" is a song written by American singer Bobby Freeman and recorded by him in 1958. It reached number No. 5 on the United States Billboard Top 100 Sides pop chart and No. 2 on the Billboard R&B chart. Cliff Richard and the Shadows' version of the song reached No. 2 in the United Kingdom in 1962, despite being a B-side. The Beach Boys' version reached No. 12 as \"Do You Wanna Dance?\" in the United States in 1965, and a 1972 cover by Bette Midler (\"Do You Want to Dance?\")", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7559772", "score": "1.0287831", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "That's Why I Fell in Love with You", "text": "the \"Ocala Star-Banner\", a daily newspaper for Ocala, Florida, an article on Rabbitt spoke of the \"I Wanna Dance with You\" album and the song, stating \"\"More country pop comes with \"That's Why I Fell in Love with You,\" a man's tender tribute to the woman he loves.\"\" The B-side \"She's an Old Cadillac\" was also mentioned, as an \"\"uptempo, ultra-modern country about the joyful connection of a good girlfriend and a glamorous car\"\". In the May 22, 1988, issue of the \"Chicago Tribune\", a review of the \"I Wanna Dance with You\" album mentioned the song and the single", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17315728", "score": "1.0275674", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", "text": "Love You\" re-entered at number 7, giving Houston two posthumous Top 40 hits. The video for \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody\" was directed by Brian Grant and chreographed by Arlene Phillips, who also worked with Houston on the music video for \"How Will I Know\". The video features Houston in a pink dress and a continuous shot of a purple backdrop that never changes its angle of vision. In the intro of this video, Houston just finishes a performance onstage. She walks backstage, and the scene is intercut with more vivid, colorful images of her. The song then explodes into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5410292", "score": "1.0233047", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", "text": "British public as the nation's fifth favourite 1980s number one in a poll for ITV. \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\" was released as the first single from Houston's second studio album at the beginning of May 1987. It entered the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, the issue dated May 16, 1987, at number 38, her highest debut in the 1980s. Six weeks later, it reached the top spot of the chart, making it Houston's fourth number-one single in the United States, the issue date of June 27, 1987 ― the same day that Houston's album \"Whitney\" debuted at number", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5410285", "score": "1.0100226", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Everybody Wants to Dance Like Josephine Baker", "text": "Everybody Wants to Dance Like Josephine Baker \"Everybody Wants to Dance Like Josephine Baker\" is a 1989 single by German band Boney M. Produced by Barry Blue and recorded by original Boney M. members Marcia Barrett, Bobby Farrell, Maizie Williams and singer Madeleine Davis replacing Liz Mitchell, the single was withdrawn when original producer Frank Farian claimed copyright to the name Boney M. and a court case followed. In France, the single was released credited to \"Bobby Marcia Maizie Matalyne\". To benefit from the fuss that was stirred by the record, Farian rushed out the single \"Stories\" with a competitive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11985020", "score": "1.0078511", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Dance with Me (Kelly Clarkson song)", "text": "set. She later recorded the track with her longtime collaborator Greg Kurstin for her seventh studio album, \"Piece by Piece\". \"Dance with Me\" is a '80s U2-inspired energetic synthpop and dance-pop anthem about dancing and escapism. Built on stomping four-on-the-floor beat and The Edge-like guitar stabs, its lyrics mainly present an invitation and a call to action to dance with one another and be carefree throughout the night. Clarkson, who uses music as a form of emotional expressions, fell in love with the song and remarked, \"At the end of the day, everyone dancing in that club has their own", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18611597", "score": "1.0035769", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Everybody Wants to Dance Like Josephine Baker", "text": "line-up featuring original lead singer Liz Mitchell, Reggie Tsiboe (who replaced Farrell in the group from 1982–86) and two new girls. A tribute to famed singer and dancer Josephine Baker, the song featured lead and backing vocals by Marcia Barrett and a spoken part by Bobby Farrell. According to a now withdrawn biography by Marcia Barrett, the producers wanted to record Maizie Williams (who had never sung on Boney M.'s records) but try-outs proved unsuccessful. New member Madeleine Davis had another obligation when this song was recorded and couldn't be present in the studio when this was recorded—she did, however,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11985021", "score": "1.0034363", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "I Only Want to Be with You", "text": "2008 Shelby Lynne on her Dusty Springfield tribute album \"Just a Little Lovin'\"<br> 2009 Jessica Andersson as \"I Only Wanna Be With You\" on her album \"Wake Up\" 2011 Amy Macdonald: recorded 2008 for canceled multi-artist Dusty Springfield 2013 Lodovica Comello (/) as \"I Only Want To Be With You\" on her album 2018 South Korean boy band Super Junior () as \"Ahora Te Puedes Marchar\" on their mini-album \"One More Time\", their first fully Spanish song after Korean/Spanish collaborations with Leslie Grace and Reik I Only Want to Be with You \"I Only Want to Be with You\" is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9416253", "score": "1.0024711", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", "text": "across Europe led to the song topping the European Hot 100 Singles chart for eight weeks. It became Houston's second number-one single on the Australian \"Kent Music Report\" chart, staying at the top for five weeks. The song also peaked at number one on the New Zealand Singles Chart and remained there for four weeks, making it Houston's first number-one single in the country. \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\" the single sold 4.2 million copies worldwide. After her death, the single returned to the Billboard Hot 100 debuting at number 35 the same week \"I Will Always", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5410291", "score": "1.0011628", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "George Merrill (songwriter)", "text": "George Merrill (songwriter) George Merrill (born January 10, 1956) is an American songwriter whose work mostly dates from the mid- to late 1980s. He co-wrote \"How Will I Know\", which was a hit for Whitney Houston in 1986, as well as Houston's 1987 hit \"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)\". From the mid- to late 1980s to the present day, Merrill has been one half of vocal duo Boy Meets Girl, who are best remembered for the late-1988 hit \"Waiting for a Star to Fall\". He wrote the song and had initially offered it to Houston and Belinda", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12393520", "score": "1.0010312", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "I'm Happy Just to Dance with You", "text": "I'm Happy Just to Dance with You \"I'm Happy Just to Dance with You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by The Beatles for the film soundtrack to \"A Hard Day's Night\". Lead vocals are by George Harrison, whose performance in the film marked the first mass media depiction of Harrison singing lead. It was written specifically for George Harrison to sing at a time when he lacked the confidence to compose his own material. Years later, McCartney described it as a \"formula song\", and Lennon said, \"I would never have sung it myself.\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5580460", "score": "0.9908644", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "She Wants to Dance with Me", "text": "She Wants to Dance with Me \"She Wants to Dance with Me\" is a song written and recorded by Rick Astley in 1988. It is the lead single from his second studio album, \"Hold Me in Your Arms\". The song was released in United Kingdom on September 20, 1988; it entered the chart at the number 16 and its highest chart position was number 6; it stayed 11 weeks in the UK Singles Chart. On the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, it also reached number 6. Astley kicked off Paula Abdul's \"Straight Up\", and stayed at number one for two weeks in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14696783", "score": "0.98834246", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Dance with Me (Kelly Clarkson song)", "text": "eliminated from the program. Credits adapted from the \"Piece by Piece\" liner notes and \"Dance with Me\" metadata. Recording Personnel Dance with Me (Kelly Clarkson song) \"Dance with Me\" is a song by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson from her seventh studio album, \"Piece by Piece\" (2015). Produced by Greg Kurstin, it was the first song written by Dan Rockett after collaborating with Polow da Don in his tenure as a studio runner and an audio engineer at Interscope Records. Originally penned as a David Bowie and Lady Gaga duet, the track was later sent to Clarkson who was recording", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18611601", "score": "0.9852296", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Stay Alive (album)", "text": "\"Few know I love to dance and I’ve always wanted to show that side of me.\" Lyrically, the song talks about a woman who wants to get back together with her lover after breaking-up with him. While the verses describe her desire for the relationship, the chorus was written in an opposite manner, where she goes to the club and dances her way to forgetting her lover: \"In the club I will raise my hands / I just wanna dance, dance, dance / On the thoughts of a new romance / I just wanna dance, dance, dance.\" According to FORG", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15627947", "score": "0.9845747", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "I Just Want to Dance with You", "long_answer": "\"I Just Want to Dance with You\" is a song written by John Prine and Roger Cook, and performed by American country music singer George Strait. It was released in April 1998 as the first single to his album, One Step at a Time, it is his 34th Number One single on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, and his 42nd Number One single when all major trade charts are counted. Prine recorded it 12 years earlier, for his 1986 album \"German Afternoons.\"", "chunked_long_answer": "\"I Just Want to Dance with You\" is a song written by John Prine and Roger Cook, and performed by American country music singer George Strait. It was released in April 1998 as the first single to his album, One Step at a Time, it is his 34th Number One single on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, and his 42nd Number One single when all major trade charts are counted. Prine recorded it 12 years earlier, for his 1986 album \"German Afternoons.\"", "short_answers": [ "George Strait" ] }

[ "Lyle Lovett", "Randy Newman" ]

[ { "title": "You've Got a Friend in Me", "text": "\"You've Got a Friend in Me\" is a song written and first recorded by Randy Newman. Originally written as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film Toy Story, it has since become the theme song for its sequels, Toy Story 2 (1999) and Toy Story 3 (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole Toy Story franchise. The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but lost both to \"Colors of the Wind\" from Disney's Pocahontas.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "You've Got a Friend in Me", "text": "Woody sees this and has an epiphany, realizing that his mission as a toy is to be there for a child. (In-universe, the song was presumably written for \"Woody's Roundup\".) The \"Woody's Roundup\" version was performed by Tom Hanks, with acoustic guitar backing; Wheezy's version was sung by Robert Goulet (though the character was voiced by Joe Ranft); and the Spanish version, \"You've Got a Friend in Me (Para el Buzz Español)\", was performed by the Gipsy Kings. Michael Bublé covered \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" on his 2013 album, \"To Be Loved\". The track became a U.S. Adult", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7612315", "score": "1.0562854", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "You've Got a Friend (Andy Williams album)", "text": "all time, Williams has a chart winner in this delightful program. Along with his new single, 'A Song for You', he turns in exceptional treatments of Carole King's 'You've Got a Friend', Kris Kristofferson's 'Help Me Make It Through the Night', and Nichols-Williams's 'Rainy Days and Mondays'.\" From the liner notes for the 2002 CD: \"You've Got a Friend\" had its biggest success as a recording by James Taylor that spent a week at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart, reached number four on the UK singles chart, received Gold certification from the Recording Industry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15133877", "score": "1.050279", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "You've Got a Friend", "text": "1997 and was the third single to be released from the album, it reached #9 on the UK Singles Chart in October 1997. \"You've Got a Friend\" was performed by Celine Dion, Shania Twain, Gloria Estefan, and Carole King at the \"VH1 Divas Live\" concert in Beacon Theatre, New York, 1998. It was released as a single and reached number 74 on the Belgian Flanders Airplay Chart. In 2004, English R&B singer Javine released her cover of the song as half of a double A-side single, along with a cover of \"Don't Walk Away\". Her recording was included in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3669511", "score": "1.0326911", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "You've Got a Friend (Sonia and Big Fun song)", "text": "You've Got a Friend (Sonia and Big Fun song) \"You've Got a Friend\" is a song written and produced by Stock Aitken Waterman and performed by Sonia and Big Fun, and featuring Gary Barnacle on sax. The song, a midtempo pop ballad, was released as a charity single for the Childline foundation in June 1990. Initially the artists recorded the well-known Carole King song of the same name, but for reasons unknown it was ultimately not used and SAW wrote an original song with the same name instead. The cover version was finally released in the 2010 re-issue of Big", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13033514", "score": "1.0305905", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "You've Got a Friend", "text": "James Taylor version also spent one week at the top of the Easy Listening charts. \"Billboard\" ranked it as the No. 17 song for 1971. During the recording process, Taylor also offered to his Apple Records labelmate Mary Hopkin a chance to record the song, which she turned down, a decision she later said she strongly regretted. James Taylor and Carole King performed \"You've Got a Friend\" together in 2010 during their Troubadour Reunion Tour. In 2015, Taylor performed an acoustic rendition of the song at Hôtel de Ville, Paris at the invitation of U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3669505", "score": "1.0231318", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "You've Got a Friend", "text": "soundtrack for the 2004 film \"Garfield\". In 2005 British pop rock band McFly's cover of this song charted at number one in the UK Singles Chart This was released as a Double-A side along with the band's song All About You. This was also the official 2005 Comic Relief single. In 2016 Raini Rodriguez covered the song in the \"Austin & Ally\" episode \"Musicals & Moving On\". Christina Aguilera and Alisan Porter covered the song in The Voice season 10 finale. You've Got a Friend \"You've Got a Friend\" is a 1971 song written by Carole King. It was first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3669512", "score": "1.0126238", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "You Got Me (J. Williams song)", "text": "with backup dancers, then later with Scribe. At the 2010 Juice TV Awards, \"You Got Me\" won Best Hip Hop Video and the Innovation Award. You Got Me (J. Williams song) \"You Got Me\" is a single by New Zealand R&B singer J. Williams featuring Scribe, released in February 2010. \"Young Love (Collectors Edition)\" features the track. The single went to number one in New Zealand five weeks after its debut, and was certified gold the week after. \"You Got Me\" was written by Williams, Scribe and Inoke Finau. Williams has said that he wrote the song for his former", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14297066", "score": "1.0108373", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "You've Got a Friend (Johnny Mathis album)", "text": "1972, issue but failed to reach either its Hot 100 or Easy Listening charts. In their review for retailers, \"Billboard\" wrote, \"Mathis is a consistent heavy chart seller with his packages, all of which are super performances, but this one tops the others.\" This album's CD release as part of the 2017 box set \"\" included four bonus tracks that were previously unavailable: From the liner notes for \"\": As the songwriter of \"You've Got a Friend\", Carole King won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year, but it was James Taylor's recording of the song that spent a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17173521", "score": "1.0069703", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Len Boone", "text": "Friend Dahmer\" (2017) and \"Humor Me\" (2017). His song, “I’ve Got to Have You” performed by Julian, is played in season 1, episode 4 of \"Insatiable\" (Netflix). Len Boone Len Boone (a.k.a. Leonard Boone C Coleman II) is an American singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He was a singer/songwriter for Chrysalis Records and Love-Zager Productions and many of his songs charted on \"Billboard\". While still an intern at Chrysalis, he wrote the international hit single “You Made Me Believe in Magic” (Arista Records) for the album \"It’s a Game\" by the Scottish Pop band, the Bay City Rollers. In 1977, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20863776", "score": "1.00513", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "You've Got a Friend", "text": "Year). Dozens of other artists have recorded the song over the years, including Dusty Springfield, Michael Jackson, Anne Murray and Donny Hathaway. \"You've Got a Friend\" was written by Carole King during the January 1971 recording sessions for her own album \"Tapestry\", and James Taylor's album \"Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon\". King has stated that \"the song was as close to pure inspiration as I've ever experienced. The song wrote itself. It was written by something outside myself, through me.\" According to Taylor, King told him that the song was a response to a line in Taylor's earlier", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3669503", "score": "1.0043011", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Tiny Tim (musician)", "text": "in his falsetto range; also featured was a rendition of Sonny and Cher's \"I Got You Babe\", with Tim singing the Cher parts in his falsetto voice, along with Eleanor Barooshian singing Sonny Bono's baritone part. These tracks were recorded with musicians who went on to be in The Band. The \"I Got You Babe\" performance led to a booking on the \"Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In\", an American television comedy-variety show. Co-host Dan Rowan announced that \"Laugh-In\" believed in showcasing new talent, and introduced Tiny Tim. The singer entered carrying a shopping bag, pulled his Martin soprano ukulele from it,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1397303", "score": "1.0000341", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "You Got Me (J. Williams song)", "text": "Warner Music Australia in Australia on 16 July 2010. At the 2010 New Zealand Music Awards, \"You Got Me\" was nominated for Single of the Year, but lost to \"Just a Little Bit\" by Kids of 88. \"You Got Me\" entered the New Zealand Singles Chart at number twelve on 15 February 2010. On 15 March 2010 it reached number one, where it spent four consecutive weeks. On 21 March 2010 the song was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand for having sold 7,500 copies. \"You Got Me\" exited the singles chart in July, having lasted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14297064", "score": "0.99916387", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "All About You/You've Got a Friend", "text": "celebrities including Fearne Cotton, Johnny Vegas, Davina McCall, Ben Miles, Lee Hurst, Graham Norton, Dermot O'Leary, Simon Amstell, Ruby Wax as the cleaner, Kate Thornton, Harry Hill as the security guard, and violinist Johanna McWeeney-Oxer. \"You've Got a Friend\" was shot on location in Uganda. The boys spent a week there in January 2005 for \"Comic Relief\". The video sees McFly with the children of Uganda, playing with them, performing for them, and teaching them to sing. Towards the end of the video, McFly's vocals are removed for a chorus sung by the children. UK CD single All About You/You've", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5781107", "score": "0.9971585", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "I Got You (Leona Lewis song)", "text": "I Got You (Leona Lewis song) \"I Got You\" is a song performed by British singer and songwriter Leona Lewis. It was released as the second single from her second studio album, \"Echo\" (2009). It was written by Arnthor Birgisson, Max Martin and Savan Kotecha, with production helmed by Birgisson. It was recorded by Birgisson at Westlake Recording Studios, Los Angeles, California and The Vault, Stockholm, Sweden, who was assisted by Lewis on the song's vocal production. It was released to United States contemporary hit radio on 8 December 2009, and throughout Europe to download digitally on 19 February 2010.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14062904", "score": "0.99633837", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "I Got You (Leona Lewis song)", "text": "2010. In late May 2010, the song was included in the setlist for Lewis' first concert tour, The Labyrinth. \"Heartbeat\" credits adapted from \"I Got You\" CD single, and \"I Got You\" credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Echo\", Syco Music, J Records, Sony Music. I Got You (Leona Lewis song) \"I Got You\" is a song performed by British singer and songwriter Leona Lewis. It was released as the second single from her second studio album, \"Echo\" (2009). It was written by Arnthor Birgisson, Max Martin and Savan Kotecha, with production helmed by Birgisson. It was recorded by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14062919", "score": "0.9899596", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "I Got a Name", "text": "I Got a Name I Got a Name is the fifth and final studio album (and first posthumous release) by American singer-songwriter Jim Croce, released on December 1, 1973. It features the ballad \"I'll Have to Say I Love You in a Song\", which reached number 9 in the US singles chart, and the ballad \"Salon and Saloon\", the last song Croce recorded in his lifetime. The song was written by his guitarist Maury Muehleisen and was included on the album as a gift to the writer. The song is noted for its sparse piano only vocal backing. This would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3980796", "score": "0.9873525", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Thank You for Being a Friend", "text": "episode of \"Saturday Night Live\" hosted by Betty White, in which past and present cast members sang the song followed by a death metal version of the song performed by White while wearing a ski mask. Elaine Paige and Dionne Warwick released a recording of the song on Paige's duet album \"Elaine Paige and Friends\" in 2010. Other notables who covered the song include ex-Beatle Ringo Starr whose unreleased recording of the composition was produced by longtime Andrew Gold confederate Peter Asher, and actress/chanteuse Bernadette Peters who used it to open her 1979 live video release \"Bernadette Peters In Concert\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6161913", "score": "0.979726", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "I Got You (Leona Lewis song)", "text": "performed on multiple television shows, including \"So You Think You Can Dance\", \"The Alan Titchmarsh Show\" and \"The National Lottery Draws\". It was included on the set list of her debut tour, The Labyrinth (2010). \"I Got You\" was written by Arnthor Birgisson, Max Martin and Savan Kotecha for Lewis' second studio album, \"Echo\" (2009). Production of the song was helmed by Birgisson. It was recorded by Birgisson at Westlake Recording Studios, Los Angeles, California and The Vault, Stockholm, Sweden. Birgisson and Lewis both handled the vocal production. It was mixed by Phil Tan at Soapbox Studios in Atlanta, Georgia,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14062907", "score": "0.97706234", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "David Rawlings", "text": "with whom he wrote two songs, \"To Be Young (Is to Be Sad, Is to Be High)\" and \"Touch, Feel and Lose\". His vocal style has often been compared to that of Bob Dylan. The Dave Rawlings Machine album \"A Friend of a Friend\" was released on November 17, 2009. Rawlings recorded the album in Nashville, and produced it himself. Gillian Welch is credited as a co-writer on five of the album's songs as well playing in the band with members of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, Old Crow Medicine Show, and Bright Eyes. The album features a medley of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4142334", "score": "0.97669977", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "You've Got a Friend (Andy Williams album)", "text": "number one on the Easy Listening chart. The song on this album entitled \"For All We Know\" won the Oscar for Best Original Song for its inclusion in the 1970 film \"Lovers and Other Strangers\" and was another Gold single for The Carpenters, this time reaching number three pop and spending three weeks at number one Easy Listening. \"A Song for You\" originally appeared on Leon Russell's self-titled debut album in 1970. Aside from Williams, the only other artist to chart the song during this period was Jaye P. Morgan, who reached 105 while \"bubbling under\" the Hot 100 for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15133881", "score": "0.97539055", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "I Got You (Split Enz song)", "text": "clip features Neil Finn standing in a room with the other band members performing in a framed picture on the wall behind him. \"I Got You\" has been recorded by Vitamin C and The Connells. Pearl Jam, Marilyn Manson, Something for Kate and Semisonic are among the artists who have played the song live. I Got You (Split Enz song) \"I Got You\" is a 1979 song by New Zealand rock group Split Enz from their studio album \"True Colours\". Split Enz's most commercially successful single, \"I Got You\" was written by Neil Finn and released in late 1979. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10595628", "score": "0.97443604", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "You've Got a Friend (Andy Williams album)", "text": "You've Got a Friend (Andy Williams album) You've Got a Friend is the twenty-eighth studio album by American pop singer Andy Williams, released in August 1971 by Columbia Records. The album bears a striking resemblance to the Johnny Mathis album \"You've Got a Friend\" released that same month. Besides sharing their name, the two albums are both made up of covers of easy listening hits of the time, with 11 songs each, and the two albums have seven songs in common that are positioned in a similar order. The Williams album made its first appearance on \"Billboard\" magazine's Top LP's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15133874", "score": "0.97198033", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Friends (Stella Getz song)", "text": "this song rides. Miss Getz raps and scats—what else with such a jazzy surname?—on top of that. The sing-along chorus is the finishing touch of the song, easily holding its own in the Euro dance field which is suffering already too much from conventions, making it almost impossible to say who's who. With the Winter Olympics in Lillehammer ahead, one gold medal should go to Norway at least. For originality.\" A music video directed by Matt Broadley was produced by Mega Records to promote the single. It features Stella Getz in a big yellow-painted room. Through a giant pirate binocular", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18992197", "score": "0.9713515", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "You've Got a Friend (Andy Williams album)", "text": "Association of America, and earned Taylor and songwriter Carole King respective Grammys for Best Vocal Performance, Male and Song of the Year. Sammi Smith had the most popular cover of \"Help Me Make It Through the Night\", spending three weeks at number one on \"Billboard\"'s Country chart, reaching number eight pop and number three Easy Listening, receiving Gold certification, and earning songwriter Kris Kristofferson and Smith respective Grammys for Best Country Song and Best Country Vocal Performance, Female. \"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart?\" by the Bee Gees went to number one for four weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15133878", "score": "0.96803606", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "You've Got a Friend (Andy Williams album)", "text": "three weeks that began in the August 21, 1971, issue of \"Billboard\" magazine—the same issue in which Williams's chart run with the song began. From the liner notes for the original album: You've Got a Friend (Andy Williams album) You've Got a Friend is the twenty-eighth studio album by American pop singer Andy Williams, released in August 1971 by Columbia Records. The album bears a striking resemblance to the Johnny Mathis album \"You've Got a Friend\" released that same month. Besides sharing their name, the two albums are both made up of covers of easy listening hits of the time,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15133882", "score": "0.96776015", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "You Got Me (J. Williams song)", "text": "You Got Me (J. Williams song) \"You Got Me\" is a single by New Zealand R&B singer J. Williams featuring Scribe, released in February 2010. \"Young Love (Collectors Edition)\" features the track. The single went to number one in New Zealand five weeks after its debut, and was certified gold the week after. \"You Got Me\" was written by Williams, Scribe and Inoke Finau. Williams has said that he wrote the song for his former girlfriend, Larissa Brown. It was released by Illegal Musik in New Zealand on 8 February 2010, and in Japan on 27 June 2012, and by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14297063", "score": "0.9663832", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Biz Markie", "text": "The single \"Just a Friend\", in which he alternates between rap and singing, became Markie's most successful single, reaching #9 on the Billboard charts. The song interpolates the 1968 song \"You Got What I Need\" by singer/songwriter Freddie Scott, whose basic chord and melody provided the base for the song's chorus. \"Just A Friend\" was ranked 81st on VH1's 100 Greatest One-Hit Wonders in 2000, and later as number 100 on VH1's 100 Greatest Songs of Hip Hop in 2008. The music video, directed by Lionel C. Martin, chronicles the rapper's woman problems. Markie's third studio album \"I Need a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1683993", "score": "0.9631461", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Sara Storer", "text": "music trio, Songbirds. The group released a live DVD, \"You’ve Got a Friend: Live in Concert\", on 1 May 2009, which was accredited by ARIA as a gold album by the end of that year. It was recorded at Tamworth in January 2009. It was shown at cinemas from 29 April of that year, Storer opined, \"I’m really proud of the Songbirds: You’ve Got a Friend live filming but am worried how pregnant I will look shown on a big screen.\" Storer had encouraged her brother Greg, a cropping farmer from \"Strawin\" north-west of Warren, New South Wales, to write", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2768662", "score": "0.9613569", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "You've Got a Friend", "text": "You've Got a Friend \"You've Got a Friend\" is a 1971 song written by Carole King. It was first recorded by King, and included in her album \"Tapestry\". Another well-known version is by James Taylor from his album \"Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon\". His was released as a single in 1971 reaching number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. The two versions were recorded simultaneously in 1971 with shared musicians. \"You've Got a Friend\" won Grammy Awards both for Taylor (Best Male Pop Vocal Performance) and King (Song of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3669502", "score": "0.96091914", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "You've Got a Friend in Me", "long_answer": "\"You've Got a Friend in Me\" is a song written and first recorded by Randy Newman. Originally written as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film Toy Story, it has since become the theme song for its sequels, Toy Story 2 (1999) and Toy Story 3 (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole Toy Story franchise. The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but lost both to \"Colors of the Wind\" from Disney's Pocahontas.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"You've Got a Friend in Me\" is a song written and first recorded by Randy Newman. Originally written as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film Toy Story, it has since become the theme song for its sequels, Toy Story 2 (1999) and Toy Story 3 (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole Toy Story franchise. The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but lost both to \"Colors of the Wind\" from Disney's Pocahontas.", "short_answers": [ "Randy Newman" ] }

[ "Connecticut" ]

[ { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time", "text": "Early scenes in the novel take place in and around an unnamed village, later established in An Acceptable Time as being in Connecticut. The nearly 200-year-old Murry farmhouse has parallels in the Austin family series of books and in L'Engle's own Connecticut home, Crosswicks.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)", "text": "for \"A Wrinkle in Time\" took place in multiple locations including Eureka, California in Humboldt County, starting on November 29, 2016. Filming also took place at Eureka's Sequoia Park, located next to Sequoia Park Zoo. After Los Angeles, production moved to New Zealand for two weeks. During the last two weeks of February 2017, filming locations for \"A Wrinkle in Time\" were established to be in Central Otago, New Zealand. Actors and crew involved were in New Zealand for the two weeks to shoot scenes in the Southern Alps, including at Hunter Valley Station near Lake Hāwea, with cast and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18343008", "score": "1.1573141", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film)", "text": "I expected it to be bad, and it is.\" \"A Wrinkle in Time\" premiered at the Toronto Children's Film Festival, where it won the festival's 2003 Best Feature Film Award. Originally produced as a television miniseries, \"A Wrinkle in Time\" was at one point intended to air on \"The Wonderful World of Disney\" for two nights in February 2002. It was postponed, however, rescheduled for February 2003, postponed again, cut to 128 minutes, and aired in a single three-hour block on ABC May 10, 2004. \"A Wrinkle in Time\" was released on VHS and DVD November 16, 2004 by Buena", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9284469", "score": "1.11517", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time", "text": "A Wrinkle in Time A Wrinkle in Time is a science fantasy novel written by American author Madeleine L'Engle, first published in 1962. The book won the Newbery Medal, Sequoyah Book Award, and Lewis Carroll Shelf Award, and was runner-up for the Hans Christian Andersen Award. Throughout the novel, the young characters Meg Murry, Charles Wallace Murry, and Calvin O'Keefe, embark on a journey through space and time, from universe to universe, as they endeavor to save their father and the world. The novel offers a glimpse into the battles between light and darkness, goodness and evil, as the young", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2892824", "score": "1.0900288", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film)", "text": "Vista Home Entertainment. The special features included deleted scenes, a \"behind the scenes\" segment, and a \"very rare\" interview with Madeleine L'Engle who discusses the novel. The home video rights to the film have since been obtained by Echo Bridge Home Entertainment, which has released the title both as a standalone DVD and as part of several family film bundles. A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film) A Wrinkle in Time is a 2003 Canadian-American made-for-television fantasy film directed by John Kent Harrison from a teleplay by Susan Shilliday based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Madeleine L'Engle.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9284470", "score": "1.0739049", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time", "text": "1965, librarian Carolyn Horovitz wrote, \"There is no question but that the book is good entertainment and that the writer carries the story along with a great deal of verve; there is some question about the depth of its quality.\" \"A Wrinkle in Time\" is on the American Library Association list of the 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 1990–2000 at number 23. Reasons given include the book's references to witches and crystal balls, the claim that it opposes certain spiritual beliefs, and the listing of Jesus alongside artists, philosophers, and scientists, suggesting a certain equality among the individuals. A", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2892855", "score": "1.0522655", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film)", "text": "A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film) A Wrinkle in Time is a 2003 Canadian-American made-for-television fantasy film directed by John Kent Harrison from a teleplay by Susan Shilliday based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Madeleine L'Engle. It is produced by Walt Disney Television, Dimension Television, Fireworks Entertainment, and The Kerner Entertainment Company. The film stars Katie Stuart, Gregory Smith, David Dorfman, Chris Potter, Kyle Secor, Seán Cullen, Sarah-Jane Redmond, Kate Nelligan, Alison Elliot, and Alfre Woodard. Although footage from the project appeared in a trailer on \"Spy Kids\" DVD and VHS copies as early as 2001,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9284464", "score": "1.0404781", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)", "text": "in Time\" remains true to itself even when everything on screen reads false.\" Jamie Broadnax, a freelance writer and member of the \"Critic's Choice Awards,\" tweeted that after seeing the film for the second time, she still was unable to conceptualize and take in the visuals displayed throughout the film and the numerous performances from various characters. Kat Candler, an American independent filmmaker, also stated that Disney's A Wrinkle in Time was a \"gorgeous love letter to the warriors of the next generation.\" Mercedes Howze of the New Pittsburgh Courier stated that the visuals were extraordinary and that the film", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18343015", "score": "1.0391719", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)", "text": "A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film) A Wrinkle in Time is a 2018 American science fantasy adventure film directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell, based on Madeleine L'Engle's 1962 novel of the same name. Produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Whitaker Entertainment, the story follows a young girl who, with the help of three astral travelers, sets off on a quest to find her missing father. The film stars Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling, Storm Reid, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Michael Peña, Zach Galifianakis, and Chris Pine. It is Disney's second film adaptation of L'Engle's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18342993", "score": "1.028341", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Time Quintet", "text": "a television movie by Disney. A film adaptation of \"A Wrinkle in Time\" directed by Ava DuVernay was released in 2018 by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Time Quintet The Time Quintet is a fantasy/science fiction series of five young adult novels written by Madeleine L'Engle. The series originated with \"A Wrinkle in Time\", written in 1959 to 1960 and turned down by 26 publishers before Farrar, Straus & Giroux finally published it in 1962. \"A Wrinkle in Time\" won the Newbery Medal and has sold over 6 million copies. The sequel, \"A Wind in the Door\", takes place the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9425189", "score": "1.0254996", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)", "text": "of the \"Hollywood Reporter\"felt that the film was \"unable to charm or disarm\" the audience.Wenlei Ma, film and TV critic of \"news.com.au,\"stated that, following the halfway mark in the film, movie-goers find themselves \"not caring about the other characters besides Meg\" and that it seemed to \"drag\" in the latter half. She highlighted the film's disappointment, regardless of the value parents have found in the messages it teaches children via quotes from Ghandi and Nelson Mandela. A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film) A Wrinkle in Time is a 2018 American science fantasy adventure film directed by Ava DuVernay and written", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18343018", "score": "1.0246378", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Time Quintet", "text": "way of looking at time as \"real time, pure numbers with no measurement\", reflecting her belief that \"God's time and our time are not the same\". Each of the books contains one or more instances of tessering, carrying the protagonists to metaphysical battlegrounds in the cosmic struggle between good and evil. The eponymous \"wrinkle in time\" is a short hop to the immediate past engineered by the Mrs. W's to allow Meg, Calvin and Charles Wallace to accomplish their mission and return before they are missed at home. In \"A Wind in the Door\", Proginoskes takes Meg to \"yesterday\" to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9425184", "score": "1.0104955", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)", "text": "novel, following a 2003 television film. Development began in 2010, with DuVernay signing on to direct in February 2016. Principal photography began on November 2, 2016 in Los Angeles, California. Near the end of filming, production moved to New Zealand, where photography ended on February 25, 2017. With an estimated production budget of around $103 million, the film became the first live-action film with a nine-digit budget to be directed by a woman of color. Additionally, \"A\" \"Wrinkle in Time\" was notable in that Ava DuVernay was the first African-American woman to direct a film that earned at least $100", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18342994", "score": "1.0060875", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)", "text": "million domestically. \"A Wrinkle in Time\" premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on February 26, 2018, with a theatrical release on March 9, 2018. With a total production and advertisement budget of around $150 million, the film was a box office bomb, grossing $132 million worldwide. The film received mixed reviews, with critics taking issue \"with the film's heavy use of CGI and numerous plot holes\" while some \"celebrated its message of female empowerment and diversity\". Thirteen-year-old middle school student Meg Murry struggles to adjust to both her school and home life ever since her father Alex, a renowned scientist,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18342995", "score": "0.9942394", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)", "text": "It was previously set for an April 6, 2018 release. \"A Wrinkle in Time\" was released on 4K UHD Blu-Ray, Blu-Ray, and DVD on June 5, 2018. \"A Wrinkle In Time\" grossed $100.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $32.2 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $132.7 million. With a combined $250 million spent on production and advertisement, the film needed to gross at least $400 million worldwide to turn a profit. Following Disney's Q2 earnings report in May 2018, Yahoo! Finance deduced the film would lose the studio anywhere from $86–186 million. In the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18343010", "score": "0.9897718", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)", "text": "as part of a double-feature with \"Incredibles 2\". It ended up making $1.7 million (an increase of over 1,600% from the previous weekend), pushing the total U.S. gross to $100 million. Internationally, the film opened in six countries alongside the United States and grossed $6.3 million in its opening weekend, Russia being the largest market with $4.1 million. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 41% based on 266 reviews, and an average rating of 5.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\" is visually gorgeous, big-hearted, and occasionally quite moving; unfortunately,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18343012", "score": "0.9873498", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time", "text": "anyhow?\" In \"A Special Message from Madeleine L'Engle\" on the Random House website, L'Engle explains another possible reason for the rejections: \"\"A Wrinkle in Time\" had a female protagonist in a science fiction book,\" which at the time was uncommon. After trying \"forty-odd\" publishers (L'Engle later said \"twenty-six rejections\"), L'Engle's agent returned the manuscript to her. Then at Christmas, L'Engle threw a tea party for her mother. One of the guests happened to know John C. Farrar of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, and insisted that L'Engle should meet with him. Although the publisher did not, at the time, publish a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2892828", "score": "0.9858445", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time", "text": "novels have been published that feature Meg and Calvin's children, especially Polly O'Keefe. The most recent of these, \"An Acceptable Time\", features Meg's parents, and is marketed with the four Murry books as part of the Time Quintet; Sandy Murry appears prominently in \"A House Like a Lotus\", which features Polly O'Keefe. Nearly every novel by Madeleine L'Engle connects to the Murry-O'Keefe series either directly or indirectly with appearances by recurring characters. See also: List of L'Engle's works and Major characters in the works of Madeleine L'Engle for further detail. A Wrinkle in Time A Wrinkle in Time is a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2892860", "score": "0.98549485", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Meg Murry", "text": "Austin family book \"A Severed Wasp\", which should take place over twenty years after \"Dragons\" based on character chronologies, makes the same end-of-century references. L'Engle refers to these stories as taking place in Kairos, which she defines in the front of the \"Many Waters\" hardback as \"real time, pure numbers with no measurement\" instead of \"ordinary, wrist-watch, alarm-clock time.\" Nevertheless, it is possible to determine a plausible (albeit arbitrary) approximate date of 1970 for the events of \"A Wrinkle in Time\". This would give Meg an approximate birth date of 1956. If Meg is 14 in \"A Wrinkle in Time\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8760012", "score": "0.9770924", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time", "text": "the opening words in Edward Bulwer-Lytton's 1830 novel \"Paul Clifford\". Unable to sleep during a thunderstorm, Meg descends from her attic room to find Charles Wallace sitting at the table drinking milk and eating bread and jam. They are then joined by their mother, and are visited by their new eccentric neighbor, Mrs. Whatsit. In the course of conversation, Mrs. Whatsit casually mentions that there is such a thing as a tesseract, which causes Katherine to almost faint. The next morning, Meg discovers that the term refers to a scientific concept her father was working on before his mysterious disappearance.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2892832", "score": "0.9745518", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time", "text": "Maryland; Cincinnati; Philadelphia; Orlando; Portland, Oregon; and other cities. An adaptation by Tracy Young premiered at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in April 2014, as well as at colleges and theaters around the U.S. In 1992, OperaDelaware (known for frequently adapting children's books) staged an opera based on \"A Wrinkle in Time\" written by Libby Larsen with a libretto by Walter Green. The review in Philly.com stated \"The composer does not place arias and set pieces, but conversational ensembles with spoken dialogue that made the young daughter's climactic but concise song about familial love all the more imposing.\" In 2010, Hope", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2892858", "score": "0.97070104", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Time Quintet", "text": "Time Quintet The Time Quintet is a fantasy/science fiction series of five young adult novels written by Madeleine L'Engle. The series originated with \"A Wrinkle in Time\", written in 1959 to 1960 and turned down by 26 publishers before Farrar, Straus & Giroux finally published it in 1962. \"A Wrinkle in Time\" won the Newbery Medal and has sold over 6 million copies. The sequel, \"A Wind in the Door\", takes place the following year but was published over a decade later, in 1973. \"A Swiftly Tilting Planet\", set ten years after \"A Wrinkle in Time\", followed in 1978. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9425177", "score": "0.9636181", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film)", "text": "broadcast of the completed film was delayed several times; it finally aired in the United States on ABC May 10, 2004. The film received negative reviews. \"A Wrinkle in Time\" premiered at the Toronto Children's film Festival on April 24, 2003, where it won the Best Feature Film Award. Meg Murry (Katie Stuart) is having a difficult time. Her father, astrophysicist Dr. Jack Murry (Chris Potter), has mysteriously disappeared. Her youngest brother, Charles Wallace (David Dorfman), a genius, is teased and belittled and thought to be stupid because he does not talk to anyone but family. Meg does not get", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9284465", "score": "0.95928687", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)", "text": "it's also wildly ambitious to a fault, and often less than the sum of its classic parts.\" On Metacritic, which assigns normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 53 out of 100, based on 50 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"B\" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 75% overall positive score; audience members under the age of 18 gave it an average grade of \"A–\" and a positive score of 89%. Alonso Duralde of \"TheWrap\" praised", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18343013", "score": "0.95553285", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)", "text": "the film's visuals and performances, writing, \"Awash in bold colors, bright patterns and ebullient kids, director Ava DuVernay's new take on \"A Wrinkle in Time\" dazzles its way across time and space even if it doesn't quite stick the landing.\" David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a \"C+\" and praised what he described as its ambition, saying: \"It almost doesn't matter that the movie is too emotionally prescriptive to have any real power, or too high on imagination to leave any room for wonder; DuVernay evinces such faith in who she is and what she's doing that \"A Wrinkle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18343014", "score": "0.9469631", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)", "text": "Terabithia\" films. The project's budget was slated to be $35 million, which the company compared to \"District 9\" and \"Bridge to Terabithia\", both of which were made for less than $30 million. However, \"A Wrinkle in Time\" was part of a new California Film Commission tax credit program, which offset production costs considerably.On August 5, 2014, Jennifer Lee was announced as the screenwriter, taking over from Stockwell, who wrote the first draft. On February 8, 2016, it was reported that Ava DuVernay had been offered the job of directing the film, and she was confirmed to direct later that same", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18343003", "score": "0.9439062", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "A Wind in the Door", "text": "the macrocosm and into the microcosm.\" Enlisting the help of her elder daughter, she proceeded to give herself \"a crash course in cellular biology,\" which she found to be hard work, but also a lot of fun. The characters Meg, Charles Wallace, and Calvin first appeared in \"A Wrinkle in Time\" (1962, ). Unlike some of the other books in the series, \"A Wind in the Door\" focuses on the same three protagonists. They and their families collectively appear in a total of eight books, four about the Murry family (the Time Quartet) and four about the eldest of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3936604", "score": "0.9409108", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film)", "text": "along with her peers, teachers, her 10-year-old twin brothers (Munro Chambers, Thomas Chambers), or even with herself. Into this unhappy situation comes a stranger, the mysterious, weirdly dressed Mrs. Whatsit (Alfre Woodard), and her friends Mrs. Who (Alison Elliott) and Mrs. Which (Kate Nelligan). They take Meg, Charles Wallace, and their new friend Calvin O'Keefe (Gregory Smith) via tesseract to other planets, preparing the children for a mission to rescue Dr. Murry from the malevolent \"IT\" on the planet Camazotz. Along the way they ride on the back of a beautiful winged creature (the transformed Mrs. Whatsit), learn about the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9284466", "score": "0.9381513", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Wrinkle", "text": "causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly. This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3126316", "score": "0.93805367", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)", "text": "After returning home, Meg, Charles Wallace, and their dad all reunite and assure that they all love each other. In October 2010, it was announced that Walt Disney Pictures had retained the film rights for the 1962 novel \"A Wrinkle in Time\", by Madeleine L'Engle, which had previously been made as a 2003 television film. Following the financial success of Tim Burton's \"Alice in Wonderland\" (2010), Disney announced that they had hired Jeff Stockwell to write the screenplay for Cary Granat and his new Bedrock Studios. Granat had previously worked with Disney on the \"Chronicles of Narnia\" and \"Bridge to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18343002", "score": "0.9354317", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "A Wrinkle in Time", "long_answer": "Early scenes in the novel take place in and around an unnamed village, later established in An Acceptable Time as being in Connecticut. The nearly 200-year-old Murry farmhouse has parallels in the Austin family series of books and in L'Engle's own Connecticut home, Crosswicks.", "chunked_long_answer": "Early scenes in the novel take place in and around an unnamed village, later established in An Acceptable Time as being in Connecticut. The nearly 200-year-old Murry farmhouse has parallels in the Austin family series of books and in L'Engle's own Connecticut home, Crosswicks.", "short_answers": [ "Connecticut" ] }

[ "credited to Paracelsus", "Paracelsus" ]

[ { "title": "The dose makes the poison", "text": "\"The dose makes the poison\" (Latin: sola dosis facit venenum) is an adage intended to indicate a basic principle of toxicology. It is credited to Paracelsus who expressed the classic toxicology maxim \"All things are poison and nothing is without poison; only the dose makes a thing not a poison.\" This is often condensed to: \"The dose makes the poison\" or in Latin, \"Sola dosis facit venenum\". It means that a substance can produce the harmful effect associated with its toxic properties only if it reaches a susceptible biological system within the body in a high enough concentration (i.e., dose).", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Assassination of Kim Jong-nam", "text": "on the nerve agents in general and said he didn't know the amount of the poison that was used. Another chemical pathologist, Nur Ashikin Othman, told the court that tests on Kim's blood showed a very low level of 344 units per litre of cholinesterase enzyme and said it could be caused by poison such as pesticide or nerve agent with blood tests on both defendants only found normal enzyme levels, although this does not conclusively show they were not exposed to VX as the women may have been in contact with the nerve agent at a low concentration or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20003140", "score": "1.0701625", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Olive Thomas", "text": "done and sent for the doctor. Meanwhile, I forced her to drink water in order to make her vomit. She screamed, 'O, my God, I'm poisoned.' I forced the whites of eggs down her throat, hoping to offset the poison. The doctor came. He pumped her stomach three times while I held Olive.Nine o'clock in the morning I got her to the Neuilly Hospital, where Doctors Choate and Wharton took charge of her. They told me she had swallowed bichloride of mercury in an alcoholic solution, which is ten times worse than tablets. She didn't want to die. She took", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2965119", "score": "0.9571678", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Aconitine", "text": "people using the poison. In 2004 Canadian actor Andre Noble died from aconitine poisoning. He accidentally ate some monkshood while he was on a hike with his aunt in Newfoundland. In 2009 Lakhvir Singh of Feltham, west London, used aconitine to poison the food of her ex-lover Lakhvinder Cheema (who died as a result of the poisoning) and his current fiancée Aunkar Singh. Singh received a life sentence of 23 years for the murder on February 10, 2010. Aconitine was a favorite poison in the ancient world. The poet Ovid, referring to the proverbial dislike of stepmothers for their step-children,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "702481", "score": "0.9523098", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Dose Makes the Poison", "text": "differing views on this question, Ottoboni advocates working with environmentalists, agriculture, industry, and government officials to develop a unifying theory, devise public policy, and put in place regulatory systems for the use of toxic substances. The third edition of \"The Dose Makes the Poison\" continues with these themes, but adds to the discussion \"drugs, food additives, cosmetics, vitamins, second hand smoke, lead in toys imported from China, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) cyclooxyogenase (COX) issues, and bisphenyl A found in plastics.\" Ottoboni received praise for her measured, step-by-step approach to toxicology and writing style that makes accessible to non-scientists material", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18757466", "score": "0.94713795", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Assassination of Kim Jong-nam", "text": "may have decontaminated themselves by washing their hands with soap or taken an antidote. Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital doctor Ranjini Sivaganabalan, a specialist in poisons, testified that VX may not be fatal in very low dosages and disagreed with an assertion that as little as 10 milligrams of VX would be lethal to humans while claiming that a person with VX on their hands may not be fully decontaminated by washing it off with soap and water. Toxicologist K. Sharmilah testified that vials of atropine, a drug used as an antidote to poisoning with nerve agents such as VX, were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20003141", "score": "0.9418263", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "History of poison", "text": "more available. Antidotes have been found for many poisons, and the antidotes for some of the most commonly known poisons are shown in the table above: However, poison still exists as a murderous entity today, but it is not as popular form of conducting murder as it used to be in past times, probably because of the wider range of ways to kill people and other factors that must be taken into consideration. One of the more recent deaths by poisoning was that of Russian dissident Alexander Litvinenko in 2006 from lethal polonium-210 radiation poisoning. Today, poison is used for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11656494", "score": "0.9378572", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Tamam Shud case", "text": "four hours before death, but tests failed to reveal any foreign substance in the body. The pathologist Dr. Dwyer concluded: \"I am quite convinced the death could not have been natural ... the poison I suggested was a barbiturate or a soluble hypnotic\". Although poisoning remained a prime suspicion, the pasty was not believed to be the source of the poison. Other than that, the coroner was unable to reach a conclusion as to the man's identity, cause of death, or whether the man seen alive at Somerton Beach on the evening of 30 November was the same man, as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9924737", "score": "0.93303573", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Marsh test", "text": "suspected of being poisoned with arsenic by his wife Marie. The circumstantial evidence was great: it was shown that she bought arsenic trioxide from a local chemist, supposedly to kill rats which infested their home. In addition, their maid swore that she had mixed a white powder into his drink. Although the food was found to be positive for the poison using the old methods as well as the Marsh test, when the husband's body was exhumed and tested, the chemists assigned to the case were not able to detect arsenic. Mathieu Orfila, the renowned toxicologist retained by the defense", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1800058", "score": "0.9293022", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Dose Makes the Poison", "text": "adviser to the American Council on Science and Health in New York. Patricia Frank, a consultant and President of Patricia Frank & Associates, Inc., helped edit the third edition. Her firm works with other companies to develop and register pharmaceutical agents for use with humans and animals. Frank is a member and former president of the American College of Toxicology and Roundtable of Toxicology Consultants. \"The Dose Makes the Poison: A Plain-Language Guide to Toxicology\", written by Ottoboni, in its first and second editions, focused mainly on environmental and industrial chemicals. The author, defining toxicology as \"the study of adverse", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18757464", "score": "0.92916584", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Neutron poison", "text": "US Navy reactors and Boiling Water Reactors do not. Soluble poisons are also used in emergency shutdown systems. During SCRAM the operators can inject solutions containing neutron poisons directly into the reactor coolant. Various solutions, including sodium polyborate and gadolinium nitrate (Gd(NO)·HO), are used. Neutron poison In applications such as nuclear reactors, a neutron poison (also called a neutron absorber or a nuclear poison) is a substance with a large neutron absorption cross-section. In such applications, absorbing neutrons is normally an undesirable effect. However neutron-absorbing materials, also called poisons, are intentionally inserted into some types of reactors in order to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6504808", "score": "0.92836636", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Dose Makes the Poison", "text": "The Dose Makes the Poison The Dose That Makes the Poison: A Plain Language Guide to Toxicology, written by M. Alice Ottoboni and originally published in 1984 by Vincente Books, is a non-fiction book to help laypeople understand the environmental, industrial, and personal risks of using chemicals. As of March 2016, the book is in its third edition. The author of the book is M. Alice Ottoboni, a toxicologist who served over twenty years in the California Department of Health Services. Along with lecturing and consulting on toxicology and the environmental factors concerning public health, Ottoboni was also a scientific", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18757463", "score": "0.92586863", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Bromadiolone", "text": "U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities. Bromadiolone can be absorbed through the digestive tract, through the lungs, or through skin contact. The pesticide is generally given orally. The substance is a vitamin K antagonist. The lack of vitamin K in the circulatory system reduces blood clotting and will cause death due to internal hemorrhaging. Poisoning doesn't show up for 24 to 36 hours after poison is eaten and often it may take 2–5 days for the signs to show up. Following are acute values for various", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11011118", "score": "0.9198934", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Novichok agent", "text": "then Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin, and Zara Ismailova, his secretary. Russian opposition-linked historians Yuri Felshtinsky and Vladimir Pribylovsky speculated that the murder became \"one of the first in the series of poisonings organised by Russia's security services\". The Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs analysed the substance and announced that it was \"a phosphorus-based military-grade nerve agent\" \"whose formula was strictly classified\". According to Nesterov, the administrative head of Shikhany, he did not know of \"a single case of such poison being sold illegally\" and noted that the poison \"is used by professional spies\". Vladimir Khutsishvili, a former business partner", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4951205", "score": "0.91719973", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Herbert Rowse Armstrong", "text": "the fatal dose must have been taken within twenty-four hours of death, and Hincks affirmed that for Mrs Armstrong to have taken it herself was \"absolutely impossible\". Then Armstrong had to explain his habits concerning arsenic or the white powder, arsenic trioxide. He claimed that it was his practice to put small portions of arsenic into individual pouches, which he squirted into the ground near spots where dandelions tended to grow. One small pouch was found on his person following his arrest, and there was no reasonable explanation offered for his carrying it around, particularly as the arrest was in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10153524", "score": "0.91422695", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Poison", "text": "formaldehyde and formic acid in the liver. Many drug molecules are made toxic in the liver, and the genetic variability of certain liver enzymes makes the toxicity of many compounds differ between individuals. Exposure to radioactive substances can produce radiation poisoning, an unrelated phenomenon. In 2010, poisoning resulted in about 180,000 deaths down from 200,000 in 1990. There were approximately 727,500 emergency department visits in the United States involving poisonings—3.3% of all injury-related encounters. Poisonous compounds may be useful either for their toxicity, or, more often, because of another chemical property, such as specific chemical reactivity. Poisons are widely used", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "615921", "score": "0.91095334", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Poisoning", "text": "itself, but is chemically converted to toxic formaldehyde and formic acid in the liver. Many drug molecules are made toxic in the liver, and the genetic variability of certain liver enzymes makes the toxicity of many compounds differ between individuals. Exposure to radioactive substances can produce radiation poisoning, an unrelated phenomenon. Poisoning Poisoning is a condition or a process in which an organism becomes chemically harmed severely (poisoned) by a toxic substance or venom of an animal. Acute poisoning is exposure to a poison on one occasion or during a short period of time. Symptoms develop in close relation to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19797626", "score": "0.9101523", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Poison", "text": "In modern society, cases of suspicious death elicit the attention of the Coroner's office and forensic investigators. While arsenic is a naturally occurring environmental poison, its artificial concentrate was once nicknamed inheritance powder. In Medieval Europe, it was common for monarchs to employ personal food tasters to thwart royal assassination, in the dawning age of the Apothecary. Of increasing concern since the isolation of natural radium by Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898—and the subsequent advent of nuclear physics and nuclear technologies—are radiological poisons. These are associated with ionizing radiation, a mode of toxicity quite distinct from chemically active poisons.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "615909", "score": "0.90937996", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Poison Rocks", "text": "Poison Rocks Poison Rocks, historically known as Poison Rock, is a rock formation in Western Australia. It is located at , 100 km south-east of Mount Magnet in the Shire of Sandstone. The explorer Robert Austin named the place after camping there during his expedition of 1854. While he was there, nine of his horses died from eating poisonous plants, and he was forced to leave behind two more who were near death. In 1869, John Forrest led an expedition in search of the long lost explorer Ludwig Leichhardt. His party met a group of Aboriginals who offered to take", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4778448", "score": "0.9057462", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Sulfotep", "text": "eyes. However, examples of poisoned greenhouse workers teach us an overall route of symptoms for a sulfotepp poisoning. Within the first hour after a poisonous intake of sulfotep people often suffer from nausea or headaches. After some hours diarrhea and vomiting may occur. People who inhaled sulfotep are often disorientated and have difficulties to breath. A poisonous dose may lead to a coma or death after 24 hours. The point at 24 hours after the poisoning is very important. If the dose is not lethal, the symptoms will slowly disappear after the point of 24 hours. No embryotoxic or teratogenic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16356627", "score": "0.9052703", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Poison (story)", "text": "Poison (story) \"Poison\" is a short story written by Roald Dahl that was originally published in June 1950 in \"Collier's\". In 1950 it was adapted for the radio program \"Escape\". In 1958 it was turned into an episode of \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\", directed by Alfred Hitchcock himself. The story is set in India during the time of British rule. The main character is Harry Pope and the narrator of the story is Timber Woods. He goes over to his friend Harry Pope's house. Harry is in bed, motionless, sweating, and in a panic. He claims to have a snake (the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12608962", "score": "0.90207344", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "History of poison", "text": "in the right temple shortly before the fall of Berlin along with his wife, Eva Braun. In the late 20th century, an increasing number of products used for everyday life proved to be poisonous. The risk of being poisoned nowadays lies more in the accidental factor, where poison be induced or taken by accident. Poisoning is the 4th most common cause of death within young people. Accidental ingestions are most common in children less than 5 years old. However, hospital and emergency facilities are much enhanced compared to the first half of the 20th century and before, and antidotes are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11656493", "score": "0.90080625", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal", "text": "Britain of the poisoning.\" On 30 June 2018 a similar poisoning of two British nationals in Amesbury, seven miles from Salisbury, involved the same nerve agent. A man found the nerve agent in a perfume bottle and gave it to a woman who sprayed it on her wrist. The woman, Dawn Sturgess, fell ill within 15 minutes and died on 8 July, but the man who also came into contact with the poison survived. British police believe this incident was not a targeted attack, but a result of the way the nerve agent was disposed of after the poisoning in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20628301", "score": "0.89991444", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Dose Makes the Poison", "text": "that could otherwise be \"overwhelmingly technical.\" Examples and illustrations used in the book to reinforce concepts are \"practical and realistic\". Though not as detailed, referenced, or annotated as a toxicology textbook, \"The Dose Makes the Poison: A Plain Language Guide to Toxicology\", is recommended by reviewers as a basic guidebook and entry point in learning about the field of toxicology. The Dose Makes the Poison The Dose That Makes the Poison: A Plain Language Guide to Toxicology, written by M. Alice Ottoboni and originally published in 1984 by Vincente Books, is a non-fiction book to help laypeople understand the environmental,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18757467", "score": "0.8994775", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Sarah Basset", "text": "and Sarah Foster and Nancey, Bassett visited her granddaughter, Beck, at her slaveholders home, the Fosters. According to the trial records, Bassett had various substances on her that contained several types of poisons including ratsbane, manchineel root, and a white substance known as 'white toade'. She gave Beck specific instructions on what exactly to do with these substances to poison the Fosters and Nancey. One substance was to be hidden in the kitchen for Nancey to inhale and the other in the Fosters' food for an extended period of time. But, Nancey subsequently discovered the hidden poison and told the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14871451", "score": "0.89921683", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "National Poisons Information Service", "text": "staff. NHS 111, NHS 24 and NHS Direct all use the TOXBASE database. In the UK poisons information can also be found in the British National Formulary. National Poisons Information Service The National Poisons Information Service is an information service commissioned by Public Health England on behalf of the UK health departments. Poisoning accounts for 1% of NHS admissions. Pesticides used in agriculture (glyphosate and organophosphorus insecticides) are extremely toxic, but 87% of around 120,000 annual poisoning cases in the UK take place in the home. In August 1962 the Ministry of Health announced it was forming a poisons information", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16652917", "score": "0.8978464", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Thallium poisoning", "text": "Because of its use for murder, thallium has gained the nicknames \"The Poisoner's Poison\" and \"Inheritance Powder\" (alongside arsenic). In Australia, in the early 1950s, there was a notable spate of cases of murder or attempted murder by thallium poisoning. At this time, due to the chronic rat infestation problems in overcrowded inner-city suburbs (notably in Sydney), and thallium's effectiveness as a rat poison, it was still readily available over the counter in New South Wales, where thallium sulphate was marketed as a commercial rat bait, under the brand \"Thall-rat\". The Australian TV documentary \"Recipe for Murder\", released in 2011,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10174256", "score": "0.89744353", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Jean-Pierre Vaquier", "text": "by Sir Bernard Spilsbury. Vaquier was arrested three weeks later and a chemist in London identified him as the customer who had bought 0.12 grams of strychnine, signing the poisons book as \"J. Wanker\". The trial took place in July 1924 at Guildford Assizes before Mr Justice Avory, with Sir Patrick Hastings as Attorney General (who traditionally prosecuted in person in poisoning cases) and Sir Edward Marshall Hall for the prosecution; Vaquier was defended by Henry Curtis Bennett. He was found guilty and hanged by Robert Baxter at HM Prison Wandsworth. Jean-Pierre Vaquier Jean-Pierre Vaquier (14 July 1879 – 17", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15779340", "score": "0.8972807", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Salicylate poisoning", "text": "observed in salicylate toxicity can be grouped into three broad phases: The acutely toxic dose of aspirin is generally considered greater than 150 mg per kg of body mass. Moderate toxicity occurs at doses up to 300 mg/kg, severe toxicity occurs between 300 and 500 mg/kg, and a potentially lethal dose is greater than 500 mg/kg. Chronic toxicity may occur following doses of 100 mg/kg per day for two or more days. Monitoring of biochemical parameters such as electrolytes and solutes, liver and kidney function, urinalysis, and complete blood count is undertaken along with frequent checking of salicylate and blood", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13589466", "score": "0.8968069", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Tabun (nerve agent)", "text": "when tabun is absorbed through the skin rather than inhaled. A victim may absorb a lethal dose quickly, although death may be delayed for one to two hours. A person's clothing can release the toxic chemical for up to 30 minutes after exposure. Inhaled lethal dosages kill in one to ten minutes, and liquid absorbed through the eyes kills almost as quickly. However, people who experience mild to moderate exposure to tabun can recover completely, if treated almost as soon as exposure occurs. The LCt50 for tabun is about 400 mg-min/m. Treatment for suspected tabun poisoning is often three injections", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1108046", "score": "0.8954236", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "The dose makes the poison", "long_answer": "\"The dose makes the poison\" (Latin: sola dosis facit venenum) is an adage intended to indicate a basic principle of toxicology. It is credited to Paracelsus who expressed the classic toxicology maxim \"All things are poison and nothing is without poison; only the dose makes a thing not a poison.\" This is often condensed to: \"The dose makes the poison\" or in Latin, \"Sola dosis facit venenum\". It means that a substance can produce the harmful effect associated with its toxic properties only if it reaches a susceptible biological system within the body in a high enough concentration (i.e., dose).", "chunked_long_answer": "\"The dose makes the poison\" (Latin: sola dosis facit venenum) is an adage intended to indicate a basic principle of toxicology. It is credited to Paracelsus who expressed the classic toxicology maxim \"All things are poison and nothing is without poison; only the dose makes a thing not a poison.\" This is often condensed to: \"The dose makes the poison\" or in Latin, \"Sola dosis facit venenum\". It means that a substance can produce the harmful effect associated with its toxic properties only if it reaches a susceptible biological system within the body in a high enough concentration (i.e., dose).", "short_answers": [ "Paracelsus", "credited to Paracelsus" ] }

[ "epidermis" ]

[ { "title": "Human skin", "text": "The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and cells in the deepest layers are nourished almost exclusively by diffused oxygen from the surrounding air and to a far lesser degree by blood capillaries extending to the outer layers of the dermis. The main type of cells which make up the epidermis are Merkel cells, keratinocytes, with melanocytes and Langerhans cells also present. The epidermis can be further subdivided into the following strata (beginning with the outermost layer): corneum, lucidum (only in palms of hands and bottoms of feet), granulosum, spinosum, basale. Cells are formed through mitosis at the basale layer. The", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Nerve supply to the skin", "text": "Nerve supply to the skin Cutaneous innervation refers to the area of the skin which is supplied by a specific cutaneous nerve. Dermatomes are similar; however, a dermatome only specifies the area served by a spinal nerve. In some cases, the dermatome is less specific (when a spinal nerve is the source for more than one cutaneous nerve), and in other cases it is more specific (when a cutaneous nerve is derived from multiple spinal nerves.) Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves, but there are minor variations in some of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9590081", "score": "0.97165066", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Nerve supply to the skin", "text": "of the cerebral cortex. Nerve supply to the skin Cutaneous innervation refers to the area of the skin which is supplied by a specific cutaneous nerve. Dermatomes are similar; however, a dermatome only specifies the area served by a spinal nerve. In some cases, the dermatome is less specific (when a spinal nerve is the source for more than one cutaneous nerve), and in other cases it is more specific (when a cutaneous nerve is derived from multiple spinal nerves.) Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves, but there are minor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9590091", "score": "0.90702355", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Nerve supply to the skin", "text": "the kind of sensory inputs which project to a specific region of the primary somatosensory cortex. Groups of nerve terminals located in the different layers of the skin are categorized depending on whether the skin is hairy, nonhairy, or an exposed mucous membrane. The hairy parts of the body such as the forearm or the leg have two groups of nerve endings: those that end along with the hair follicles, and also with the arborizations of unmyelinated axons which are referred to as “free” nerve endings because they are served by both myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Nonhairy skin, such as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9590084", "score": "0.9012782", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Skin", "text": "Skin Skin is the soft outer tissue covering of vertebrates. Other animal coverings, such as the arthropod exoskeleton, have different developmental origin, structure and chemical composition. The adjective cutaneous means \"of the skin\" (from Latin \"cutis\", skin). In mammals, the skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of ectodermal tissue, and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Skin of a different nature exists in amphibians, reptiles, and birds. All mammals have some hair on their skin, even marine mammals like whales, dolphins, and porpoises which appear to be hairless. The skin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "378750", "score": "0.87220466", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Human skin", "text": "Human skin The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Human skin is similar to most of the other mammals skin, and human skin is very similar to pig skin. Though nearly all human skin is covered with hair follicles, it can appear hairless. There are two general types of skin, hairy and glabrous skin (hairless). The adjective cutaneous literally means \"of the skin\" (from Latin \"cutis\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9568716", "score": "0.8687482", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Skin", "text": "interfaces with the environment and is the first line of defense from external factors. For example, the skin plays a key role in protecting the body against pathogens and excessive water loss. Its other functions are insulation, temperature regulation, sensation, and the production of vitamin D folates. Severely damaged skin may heal by forming scar tissue. This is sometimes discoloured and depigmented. The thickness of skin also varies from location to location on an organism. In humans for example, the skin located under the eyes and around the eyelids is the thinnest skin in the body at 0.5 mm thick,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "378751", "score": "0.8651254", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Epithelium", "text": "forms the walls of the pericardium, pleurae, and peritoneum. In arthropods, the integument, or external \"skin\", consists of a single layer of epithelial ectoderm from which arises the cuticle, an outer covering of chitin the rigidity of which varies as per its chemical composition. Epithelial tissue rests on a basement membrane, which acts as a scaffolding on which epithelium can grow and regenerate after injuries. Epithelial tissue has a nerve supply, but no blood supply and must be nourished by substances diffusing from the blood vessels in the underlying tissue. The basement membrane acts as a selectively permeable membrane that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2032126", "score": "0.8623972", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Scalp reconstruction", "text": "blood vessels and nerves of the scalp don’t pierce this layer. Loose connective tissue between the periosteum and the aponeurosis makes these two rigid structures easily slide over each other and contributes to skin movement. Thus, if vascular and nervous anatomy is respected, the skin, subcutaneous tissue and galea aponeurotica can be lifted off the skull with minimal bleeding, nerve damage, or chance of necrosis. This method was first described by Orticochea in 1967, but has been updated to minimize scarring. The fifth layer is the Periosteum of the skull, also referred to as pericranium. It can be separated from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15979453", "score": "0.8611886", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Skin condition", "text": "are connected by vertical communicating vessels. The function of blood vessels within the dermis is fourfold: to supply nutrition, to regulate temperature, to modulate inflammation, and to participate in wound healing. The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat between the dermis and underlying fascia. This tissue may be further divided into two components, the actual fatty layer, or panniculus adiposus, and a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the panniculus carnosus. The main cellular component of this tissue is the adipocyte, or fat cell. The structure of this tissue is composed of septal (i.e. linear strands) and lobular compartments, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3371137", "score": "0.85015297", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Artificial skin", "text": "that contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, oil, and sweat glands. Severe damage to large areas of skin exposes the human organism to dehydration and infections that can result in death. Traditional ways of dealing with large losses of skin have been to use skin grafts from the patient (autografts) or from an unrelated donor or a cadaver. The former approach has the disadvantage that there may not be enough skin available, while the latter suffers from the possibility of rejection or infection. Until the late twentieth century, skin grafts were constructed from the patient's own skin. This became a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12897802", "score": "0.84619665", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Human skin", "text": "skin is the second largest organ in the human body (the inside of the small intestine is 15 to 20 times larger). For the average adult human, the skin has a surface area of between 1.5-2.0 square meters (16.1-21.5 sq ft.). The thickness of the skin varies considerably over all parts of the body, and between men and women and the young and the old. An example is the skin on the forearm which is on average 1.3 mm in the male and 1.26 mm in the female. The average square inch (6.5 cm²) of skin holds 650 sweat glands,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9568719", "score": "0.84437233", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Dermis", "text": "and thermoreceptors that provide the sense of heat. In addition, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels are present in the dermis. Those blood vessels provide nourishment and waste removal for both dermal and epidermal cells. The dermis is composed of three major types of cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, and adipocytes. Apart from these cells, the dermis is also composed of matrix components such as collagen (which provides strength), elastin (which provides elasticity), and extrafibrillar matrix, an extracellular gel-like substance primarily composed of glycosaminoglycans (most notably hyaluronan), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins. The papillary dermis is the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3302941", "score": "0.8403131", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Skin condition", "text": "Skin condition A skin condition, also known as cutaneous condition, is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands. The major function of this system is as a barrier against the external environment. Conditions of the human integumentary system constitute a broad spectrum of diseases, also known as dermatoses, as well as many nonpathologic states (like, in certain circumstances, melanonychia and racquet nails). While only a small number of skin diseases account for most visits to the physician, thousands of skin conditions have been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3371131", "score": "0.8402033", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Sole (foot)", "text": "Sole (foot) The sole is the bottom of the foot. In humans the sole of the foot is anatomically referred to as the plantar aspect. The glabrous skin on the sole of the foot lacks the hair and pigmentation found elsewhere on the body, and it has a high concentration of sweat pores. The sole contains the thickest layers of skin on the body due to the weight that is continually placed on it. It is crossed by a set of creases that form during the early stages of embryonic development. Like those of the palm, the sweat pores of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7530123", "score": "0.8371231", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Human skin", "text": "Stretch marks often from pregnancy and obesity, are also located in the dermis. The subcutaneous tissue (also \"hypodermis\" and \"subcutis\") is not part of the skin, and lies below the dermis of the cutis. Its purpose is to attach the skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it with blood vessels and nerves. It consists of loose connective tissue, adipose tissue and elastin. The main cell types are fibroblasts, macrophages and adipocytes (subcutaneous tissue contains 50% of body fat). Fat serves as padding and insulation for the body. Human skin shows high skin color variety from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9568728", "score": "0.8370962", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Skin", "text": "and receives its name from the dense concentration of collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers that weave throughout it. These protein fibers give the dermis its properties of strength, extensibility, and elasticity. Also located within the reticular region are the roots of the hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, receptors, nails, and blood vessels. The subcutaneous tissue (also hypodermis) is not part of the skin, and lies below the dermis. Its purpose is to attach the skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it with blood vessels and nerves. It consists of loose connective tissue and elastin. The main", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "378759", "score": "0.8290595", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Skin", "text": "consumer products, usually in the form of leather, but also as furs. Skin from sheep, goat and cattle was used to make parchment for manuscripts. Skin can also be cooked to make pork rind or crackling. Skin Skin is the soft outer tissue covering of vertebrates. Other animal coverings, such as the arthropod exoskeleton, have different developmental origin, structure and chemical composition. The adjective cutaneous means \"of the skin\" (from Latin \"cutis\", skin). In mammals, the skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of ectodermal tissue, and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "378774", "score": "0.8227499", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Human skin", "text": "Oily skin can be sallow and rough in texture and tends to have large, clearly visible pores everywhere, except around the eyes and neck. Human skin has a low permeability; that is, most foreign substances are unable to penetrate and diffuse through the skin. Skin's outermost layer, the stratum corneum, is an effective barrier to most inorganic nanosized particles. This protects the body from external particles such as toxins by not allowing them to come into contact with internal tissues. However, in some cases it is desirable to allow particles entry to the body through the skin. Potential medical applications", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9568740", "score": "0.8226041", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Human head", "text": "cavity. The ears sit to either side of the head. The head receives blood supply through the internal and external carotid arteries. These supply the area outside of the skull (external carotid artery) and inside of the skull (internal carotid artery). The area inside the skull also receives blood supply from the vertebral arteries, which travel up through the cervical vertebrae. The twelve pairs of cranial nerves provide the majority of nervous control to the head. The sensation to the face is provided by the branches of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial nerve. Sensation to other portions of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14960418", "score": "0.8176188", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Eyelid", "text": "and hairs, the latter becoming eyelashes as the border of the eyelid is met. The skin of the eyelid contains the greatest concentration of sebaceous glands found anywhere in the body. In humans, the sensory nerve supply to the upper eyelids is from the infratrochlear, supratrochlear, supraorbital and the lacrimal nerves from the ophthalmic branch (V1) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). The skin of the lower eyelid is supplied by branches of the infratrochlear at the medial angle, the rest is supplied by branches of the infraorbital nerve of the maxillary branch (V2) of the trigeminal nerve. In humans,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3393784", "score": "0.8173954", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Nerve supply to the skin", "text": "the most densely innervated parts of the body. Though there is no specific categorization, both “free” nerve endings and unencapsulated nerve endings of myelinated axons are found within the dermis of those areas. The cornea, one of the other exposed mucous membranes, contains “free” nerve endings served by nonmyelinated axons. The conjunctiva contains a less dense distribution of “free” nerve endings that are served by both myelinated and unmyelinated axons. The distribution of the sensory neurons within the skin accounts for the large and overlapping receptive fields of the skin. The size of the receptive fields in turn explains why", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9590086", "score": "0.8167007", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Nervous system", "text": "cells, an inner layer called the endoderm, which gives rise to the lining of most internal organs, a middle layer called the mesoderm, which gives rise to the bones and muscles, and an outer layer called the ectoderm, which gives rise to the skin and nervous system. In vertebrates, the first sign of the nervous system is the appearance of a thin strip of cells along the center of the back, called the neural plate. The inner portion of the neural plate (along the midline) is destined to become the central nervous system (CNS), the outer portion the peripheral nervous", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "294354", "score": "0.81578076", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "Nerve supply to the skin", "text": "made possible by the action of specific sensory fibers located on the skin, as well as the distinct pathways they take to the central nervous system. The skin, which is part of the integumentary system, plays an important role in the somatic nervous system because it contains a range of nerve endings that react to heat and cold, touch, pressure, vibration, and tissue injury. The central nervous system (CNS) works with the peripheral nervous system in cutaneous innervation. The CNS is responsible for processing the information it receives from the cutaneous nerves that detect a given stimulus, and then identifying", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9590083", "score": "0.808635", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "Nerve supply to the skin", "text": "the details. The borders designated by the diagrams in the 1918 edition of Gray's Anatomy are similar, but not identical, to those generally accepted today. The concept of autonomous territory and the concept of maximal territory of cutaneous distribution for every cutaneous branch are immensely useful to clinicians assessing patients with neurological disorders. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is divided into the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, and the enteric nervous system. However, it is the somatic nervous system, responsible for body movement and the reception of external stimuli, which allows one to understand how cutaneous innervation is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9590082", "score": "0.80237305", "original_retrieval_index": 49 }, { "title": "Human head", "text": "head is provided by the cervical nerves. Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves, but there are minor variations in some of the details. The borders designated by diagrams in the 1918 edition of Gray's Anatomy are similar but not identical to those generally accepted today. The cutaneous innervation of the head is as follows: The head contains sensory organs: two eyes, two ears, a nose and tongue inside of the mouth. It also houses the brain. Together, these organs function as a processing center for the body by relaying sensory", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14960419", "score": "0.79738104", "original_retrieval_index": 50 }, { "title": "Nociception", "text": "by nerve endings called nociceptors, which are found in the skin, on internal surfaces such as the periosteum, joint surfaces, and in some internal organs. The concentration of nociceptors varies throughout the body; they are found in greater numbers in the skin than in deep internal surfaces. Some nociceptors are unspecialized free nerve endings that have their cell bodies outside the spinal column in the dorsal root ganglia. Nociceptors are categorized according to the axons which travel from the receptors to the spinal cord or brain. Nociceptors have a certain threshold; that is, they require a minimum intensity of stimulation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "289335", "score": "0.7961788", "original_retrieval_index": 51 }, { "title": "Epidermis", "text": "no blood supply and is nourished almost exclusively by diffused oxygen from the surrounding air. Epidermal cells are tightly interconnected to serve as a tight barrier against the exterior environment. The junctions between the epidermal cells are of the adherens junction type, formed by transmembrane proteins called cadherins. Inside the cell, the cadherins are linked to actin filaments. In immunofluorescence microscopy, the actin filament network appears as a thick border surrounding the cells, although the actin filaments are actually located inside the cell and run parallel to the cell membrane. Because of the proximity of the neighboring cells and tightness", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2174135", "score": "0.7931433", "original_retrieval_index": 55 }, { "title": "Epineurium", "text": "Epineurium The epineurium is the outermost layer of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding a peripheral nerve. It usually surrounds multiple nerve fascicles as well as blood vessels which supply the nerve. Smaller branches of these blood vessels penetrate into the perineurium. In addition to blood vessels which supply the nerve, lymphocytes and fibroblasts are also present and contribute to the production of collagen fibers that form the backbone of the epineurium. In addition to providing structural support, lymphocytes and fibroblasts also play a vital role in maintenance and repair of the surrounding tissues. When the spinal nerve leaves the vertebral", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5200859", "score": "0.790897", "original_retrieval_index": 56 }, { "title": "Hilton's law", "text": "the muscles and skin relating to a particular joint. The observation often holds true in reverse - that is to say, a nerve that supplies skin or a muscle will often supply the applicable joint. Orthopedics By Leonard F. Peltier, pg 122 Hilton's law Hilton's law, espoused by John Hilton in a series of medical lectures given in 1860–1862, is the observation that in the study of anatomy, the nerve supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint not only supplies the muscle, but also innervates the joint and the skin overlying the muscle. For example,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8437579", "score": "0.79025924", "original_retrieval_index": 57 } ]

{ "title": "Human skin", "long_answer": "The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and cells in the deepest layers are nourished almost exclusively by diffused oxygen from the surrounding air and to a far lesser degree by blood capillaries extending to the outer layers of the dermis. The main type of cells which make up the epidermis are Merkel cells, keratinocytes, with melanocytes and Langerhans cells also present. The epidermis can be further subdivided into the following strata (beginning with the outermost layer): corneum, lucidum (only in palms of hands and bottoms of feet), granulosum, spinosum, basale. Cells are formed through mitosis at the basale layer. The daughter cells (see cell division) move up the strata changing shape and composition as they die due to isolation from their blood source. The cytoplasm is released and the protein keratin is inserted. They eventually reach the corneum and slough off (desquamation). This process is called \"keratinization\". This keratinized layer of skin is responsible for keeping water in the body and keeping other harmful chemicals and pathogens out, making skin a natural barrier to infection.", "chunked_long_answer": "The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and cells in the deepest layers are nourished almost exclusively by diffused oxygen from the surrounding air and to a far lesser degree by blood capillaries extending to the outer layers of the dermis. The main type of cells which make up the epidermis are Merkel cells, keratinocytes, with melanocytes and Langerhans cells also present. The epidermis can be further subdivided into the following strata (beginning with the outermost layer): corneum, lucidum (only in palms of hands and bottoms of feet), granulosum, spinosum, basale. Cells are formed through mitosis at the basale layer. The", "short_answers": [ "epidermis" ] }

[ "2003", "March 2003" ]

[ { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "\"Seven Nation Army\" (also stylized as \"7 Nation Army\") is a song by American rock duo the White Stripes. It was released as the lead single from their fourth studio album, Elephant, in March 2003, and reached number one on the Alternative Songs chart —maintaining that position for three weeks. It also became the third best-performing song of the decade on the same chart. It was well received commercially as well, and won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "later made available for digital download. On January 3, 2014, Third Man Records announced a limited edition clear 7-inch vinyl reissue of \"Seven Nation Army\" as part of a package for subscribers to its Vault service. A black 7-inch vinyl reissue with updated artwork was released on February 27, 2015. \"Seven Nation Army\" is an alternative rock and garage rock song with a length of three minutes and 52 seconds. According to sheet music published by Universal Music Publishing Group, it is composed in the key of E minor in common time with a tempo of 120 beats per minute.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804835", "score": "1.0786649", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "first released onto YouTube on February 16, 2012 at a total length of two minutes and fifty-eight seconds. Critically, Lewis Corner of Digital Spy noted the \"distinctive soul-pop\" vocals showcased by Collins and wrote that, \"Truth be told, we wish he'd fought a little harder to get one those eight original compositions he has on his forthcoming record out first.\" Priya Elan of \"NME\" concluded that although the cover may have seemed \"disturbing in theory\", it was ultimately \"disposable and forgettable as a McChicken sandwich [...] but not bad\". Seven Nation Army \"Seven Nation Army\" (also stylized as \"7 Nation", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804865", "score": "1.0593779", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "four two weeks later. \"Seven Nation Army\" continued to chart intermittently years after its release. The song debuted at number four on the Federation of the Italian Music Industry (FIMI) chart on July 27, 2006, and it peaked at number three a week later. On June 29, 2008, it debuted at number 18 on the Swiss Hitparade chart, where it ultimately peaked at number four; it reentered this chart several times afterward, most recently in 2013. The song debuted at number 23 on the Ö3 Austria Top 40 chart on July 4, 2008, and it peaked at number 18 the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804847", "score": "1.0066938", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "song has reached \"hundreds of millions of television viewers around the world\" as a result of its usage in the latter tournament. Multiple sports teams and personalities have also used \"Seven Nation Army\" as their official song, including boxers Gennady Golovkin and Anthony Joshua, football teams the Baltimore Ravens and the Detroit Lions, ice hockey team the New Jersey Devils, baseball team the Baltimore Orioles, and darts player Michael van Gerwen. In 2016, the White Stripes stated via Facebook that they were \"disgusted\" by the song's appearance in a video supporting Donald Trump's campaign for the 2016 U.S. presidential election,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804857", "score": "0.97954476", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "the pantheon of folk music. The song's usage has since expanded into various other sports settings. By 2007, audiences at the Penn State Nittany Lions' football games had begun chanting the riff in support of the team; since then, other football audiences have chanted the riff as well. Meanwhile, Arrangers' Publishing Company began publishing marching band arrangements of \"Seven Nation Army\", and the song has since been played by marching bands at various colleges, including Boston College and the University of Southern California. The song has been chanted by NFL fans and played by NBA and NHL teams, and it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804855", "score": "0.9718802", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "No. 2 in Observer Music Monthly's top 75 songs of the decade. It ranked No. 2 on Channel V Australia's top 1000 songs of the 2000s. It was voted No. 6 in Detroit's 100 Greatest Songs, a 2016 project by the \"Detroit Free Press\". In March 2005, \"Q\" magazine ranked \"Seven Nation Army\" at No. 8 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks. It was also called the 75th greatest hard rock song by VH1. In May 2008, \"Rolling Stone\" placed the song at No. 21 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804843", "score": "0.96104586", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "marching skeletons and an elephant, referring to the name of the album \"Seven Nation Army\" appeared on. The speed at which the triangles move forward through the tunnel speeds up and slows down in unison with the dynamics of the song. During the video, when the song begins to intensify, the lights in surrounding the triangles flash and other effects build up as well. \"Seven Nation Army\" received widespread critical acclaim, winning the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards. Heather Phares of AllMusic described it as a \"breathtaking opener\" to the album \"Elephant\", and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804839", "score": "0.96090674", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "album's debut single, \"Seven Nation Army\" was a commercial success in multiple countries, peaking at number 16 on the Belgium Ultratop Charts for Wallonia and charting in Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. The version was also included in a number of compilation albums, including \"NRJ Hits 2010 Vol. 2\" on Warner Records and \"Les hits de l'été 2010\" on Universal Music Group label. British singer and \"The X Factor\" runner-up Marcus Collins covered the song as his debut single, in a version based on the cover by Ben l'Oncle Soul. It was released in the United Kingdom on March 4,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804863", "score": "0.95183146", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "sounds like a bass guitar (an instrument the group had never previously used), the sound is actually created by running Jack White's semi-acoustic, 1950s-style Kay Hollowbody guitar through a DigiTech Whammy pedal set down an octave. A combination of the song's popularity, recognizable riff, and defiant lyrics led to it becoming the band's signature song. Often ranked as one of the greatest songs of the 2000s, it has been used widely at sporting events and political protests internationally. \"Seven Nation Army\" has its origins in a guitar riff that Jack White, the White Stripes' lead singer and guitarist, wrote in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804831", "score": "0.95152867", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "In October 2011, \"NME\" placed \"Seven Nation Army\" at No. 23 on its 150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years. \"Seven Nation Army\" ranked No. 20 in the 2009 Hottest 100 of All Time poll conducted by the Australian rock-radio network Triple J. On \"Rolling Stone\"'s updated version of its \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" in 2010, \"Seven Nation Army\" was listed at No. 286. In February 2013, listeners to BBC Radio 6 Music placed the song at No. 6 on \"6 Music's 100 Greatest Hits,\" reflecting the top songs released in the station's lifetime. On March", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804844", "score": "0.9451109", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "a silver certification; after receiving a gold certification two years later, the song was certified platinum in 2017 for selling over 600,000 copies. The song was certified gold by the FIMI in 2014; three years later, it received a platinum certification, having sold over 50,000 copies. \"Seven Nation Army\" played a significant role in the White Stripes' popularity. A writer for \"Rolling Stone\" described it as a \"career-changing hit\", and \"NME\"'s Daniel Martin viewed the song as the White Stripes' \"defining tune\", having sparked the band's transition \"from their garage rock beginnings to an entirely new level of acclaim\". In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804849", "score": "0.94381154", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Culture of Baltimore", "text": "to the Baltimore area's fanbase for both the Ravens and the Orioles. MASN, the Orioles' broadcasting network, is commonly accredited with popularizing this term thanks to their promos. The song Seven Nation Army was popularized in Baltimore as the Ravens' official pump-up song. Seven Nation Army was first played at the Ravens opening game of 2011 against the Steelers, and has been played at every home game since. It can often be heard at Orioles games as well, with fans often singing the signature first two bars of the song as \"Oh Oh Oh Oh Oh Oh\", referring to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9314544", "score": "0.9428857", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "next week; it later entered the Ö3 Austria Top 75 chart for one week on February 3, 2012. The song also entered the French Singles Chart on multiple occasions from 2013 to 2018, peaking at number 48 on February 23, 2013. It debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot Rock Songs chart on January 18, 2014, peaking at number 12 during its first week. The song was awarded several certifications in the 2010s. It was certified gold by Germany's Federal Music Industry Association in 2010, indicating over 150,000 sales of the single. In 2013, the British Phonographic Industry awarded \"Seven Nation Army\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804848", "score": "0.93142045", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The 7 Line Army", "text": "feels real good,\" said pitcher Jacob deGrom. In 2017, The 7 Line Army was featured in a video game, MLB The Show 17. The 7 Line Army has visited the following ballparks: SunTrust Park The 7 Line Army The 7 Line Army is a group of fans of the New York Mets started in 2012 by Darren Meenan, the founder of The 7 Line, a company that makes Mets-themed apparel and is named after the 7 train of the New York City Subway, which stops at Citi Field. They occupy the Big Apple Reserved section of Citi Field during Mets", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18962679", "score": "0.9269899", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "was \"explosively minimal\". Critics compared the song to the White Stripes' other work. According to Teltelman, \"Seven Nation Army\" represented an effort to \"defy categorization\", especially the garage rock label that had been attributed to the band. He further wrote that it was \"much more of a straightforward rock song\" than the band's 2002 single \"Fell in Love with a Girl\". Phares found \"Seven Nation Army\", along with \"The Hardest Button to Button\", to \"deliver some of the fiercest blues-punk\" of any song by the White Stripes, and Alex Young of \"Consequence of Sound\" viewed it as the band's best", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804841", "score": "0.9251813", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "and they said that they \"[had] nothing whatsoever to do with [the] video\". Matthew Strauss of \"Pitchfork\" was unable to ascertain which video had prompted the post, though he mentioned a video unaffiliated with the Trump campaign that \"featur[ed] Trump imagery and audio of his speech at the Republican convention, set to 'Seven Nation Army'\". In response, the White Stripes manager Ian Montone remarked, \"If you can't find the video, great. Then our lawyers have done their job.\" \"Seven Nation Army\" made multiple appearances at events leading up to 2017 British general election. Following a speech by Labour leader Jeremy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804858", "score": "0.9200642", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "song's meaning, White stated, \"The song's about gossip. It's about me, Meg and the people we're dating.\" Maginnis described the lyrics as presenting an \"obstinate attitude\", citing the opening lines: \"I'm gonna fight 'em off/ A seven nation army couldn't hold me back/ They're gonna rip it off/ Taking their time right behind my back\". The video, directed by Alex and Martin, consists of one seemingly continuous shot through a kaleidoscopic tunnel of mirrored black, white and red triangles, touching on Jack's love of the number three. The triangle slides alternate between images of Jack or Meg playing, interspersed with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804838", "score": "0.91751504", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Tiger Army", "text": "the return of Octoberflame (VII) for 2015 was announced in June, with tickets sold out by early July. Tiger Army released their fifth studio album, V •••–, on May 20, 2016 on Luna Tone Records/Rise Records. Tiger Army Tiger Army is an American psychobilly band based in Los Angeles, California. The group was formed in 1996 in Berkeley, California, and its only constant member and lead songwriter is singer/guitarist Nick 13. The band has released five studio albums and one EP. Tiger Army played their first show at the famous 924 Gilman Street venue in Berkeley, California on March 29,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1522881", "score": "0.91093326", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The White Stripes", "text": "single, \"Seven Nation Army\", was the band's most successful. The song was at the top of the rock charts on Billboard. Its success was followed with a cover of Burt Bacharach's \"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself\". The album's third single was the successful \"The Hardest Button to Button\". \"There's No Home for You Here\" was the fourth single. In 2004, the album won a Grammy for Best Alternative Music Album, while \"Seven Nation Army\" won a Grammy for Best Rock Song. In 2005, according to an interview with David Fricke of Rolling Stone, Jack began working", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1449445", "score": "0.90500784", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The 7 Line Army", "text": "The 7 Line Army The 7 Line Army is a group of fans of the New York Mets started in 2012 by Darren Meenan, the founder of The 7 Line, a company that makes Mets-themed apparel and is named after the 7 train of the New York City Subway, which stops at Citi Field. They occupy the Big Apple Reserved section of Citi Field during Mets home games. The 7 Line Army also attends numerous Mets road games, sponsoring outings which attract more than 1,000 fans. This includes an annual trip to Yankee Stadium when the Mets play their crosstown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18962673", "score": "0.90028846", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "England, and was produced by Jack White. He wrote \"Seven Nation Army\" as a \"little experiment\", hoping to create a compelling song that did not include a chorus. The song's title originated from his mispronunciation of \"Salvation Army\" as a child. The title \"Seven Nation Army\" was initially used as a placeholder for the track before its lyrics were written; the name ultimately stuck. Jack White's idea of releasing \"Seven Nation Army\" as a single was initially opposed by the White Stripes' record labels, who wanted to release the song \"There's No Home for You Here\" instead. Jack White ultimately", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804833", "score": "0.8992238", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "was once chanted by Formula One racing driver Nico Rosberg. Audiences often replace the \"oh\"s in the chant with the names of members of sports teams, as with Maxi Moralez and Andrea Pirlo of New York City FC. \"Seven Nation Army\" has served as an official anthem at various sporting events; \"NPR\"'s Rick Karr remarked that the song is \"arguably ... the world's most popular sports anthem\". It has been played at each UEFA European Football Championship since 2008, and it was played prior to the start of each game during the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Karr estimated that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804856", "score": "0.896919", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "the White Stripes' version of \"Seven Nation Army\" followed the release of the trailer: within two weeks, the total number of streams and digital purchases of the song increased by 146 percent and 332 percent, respectively. On May 9, 2014, during the celebration of the 825th Hamburg Port Anniversary, \"Seven Nation Army\" was played using the horns of cruise ship MSC Magnifica as it entered the harbor. According to Alan Siegel of \"Deadspin\", \"Seven Nation Army\"'s riff is \"an organic part of sports culture\". The riff is commonly used in sports audience's chants, in which each note is usually sung", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804852", "score": "0.8902632", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "song. Critics have ranked the song among the best tracks of the 2000s decade; it appeared on \"NME\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s, \"Rolling Stone\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s, and WFNX's retrospective lists, and it was placed at number one on \"Consequence of Sound\"<nowiki></nowiki>'s \"Top 50 Songs of the Decade\". In 2004, \"Seven Nation Army\" ranked No. 3 on the \"Pazz & Jop\" critics' poll, conducted by the U.S. music magazine \"The Village Voice\". It was also ranked No. 1 on Rhapsody's list of the Top 100 Tracks of the Decade. The song was listed at No. 30 on Pitchfork Media's top 500 songs of the 2000s, and at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804842", "score": "0.88511556", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "Corbyn at Wirral Live music festival at Tranmere Rovers' ground on May 20, 2017, supporters in the audience began to chant Corbyn's name to the tune of the song's riff. This chant was repeated on several occasions in the run-up to the election and afterwards at the 2017 Glastonbury Festival, where Corbyn appeared on the Pyramid stage. As a result of the chant's appearance at the Glastonbury Festival, \"Seven Nation Army\" saw a 16,893 percent increase in streams, according to music streaming website Deezer. Names of other politicians, including Labour politician Rebecca Long-Bailey and Conservative politician David Davis, were also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804859", "score": "0.8821216", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "Corner Hotel in Melbourne, Australia, while the band was on tour in January 2002. He proceeded to show the riff to Ben Swank, who was traveling with the band for the tour; Swank responded, \"It's OK.\" Jack White later recalled that he \"didn't even think that rhythm was that great, either\". After initially saving the riff in case he was ever asked to create a James Bond theme song, he decided to incorporate it into a song for the White Stripes, believing the aforementioned scenario to be unlikely. \"Seven Nation Army\" was recorded at Toe Rag Studios in Hackney, London,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804832", "score": "0.879956", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "sense of \"anticipatory energy\", then transitions into what AllMusic's Tom Maginnis described as a crush of what stands for the chorus\", consisting of an electric guitar and a \"bashing crash cymbal\". John Mulvey of \"NME\" described \"Seven Nation Army\" as a \"diatribe against fame\". The song's lyrics were inspired by the growing attention received by the White Stripes. According to Jack White, the song tells the story of a person who, upon entering a town, hears its residents gossiping about him and proceeds to leave the town in response. Driven by a sense of loneliness, he ultimately returns. Regarding the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804837", "score": "0.87991226", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "2012, a week prior to his debut album \"Marcus Collins\". Revealing that he has received a lot of abuse from White Stripes fans, Collins said: \"I know I can't please everyone. A lot of people have got opinions on it, but they can always listen to the White Stripes version. Why are they listening to me if they don't like it? Listen to the original if you don't like my singing. It's just the X Factor connection but, you know, why are people kicking off about it now?\" A music video to accompany the release of \"Seven Nation Army\" was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804864", "score": "0.8791844", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Seven Nation Army", "text": "addition, \"Seven Nation Army\" contributed to the garage rock revival movement, becoming the first song in the genre to reach number one on \"Billboard\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Modern Rock chart. After its initial run on music charts, the song—especially its riff—grew in popularity as a result of its usage in sports. In 2012, \"Deadspin\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Alan Siegel described the \"riff-turned-anthem\" as \"ubiquitous\", and according to \"The New Yorker\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Alec Wilkinson, the riff \"might be the second-best-known guitar phrase in popular music, after the one from 'Satisfaction'\". Erik Adams of \"The A.V. Club\" attributed the song's popularity to its riff's \"simplicity\"—a characteristic that he remarked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5804850", "score": "0.8781346", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "Seven Nation Army", "long_answer": "\"Seven Nation Army\" (also stylized as \"7 Nation Army\") is a song by American rock duo the White Stripes. It was released as the lead single from their fourth studio album, Elephant, in March 2003, and reached number one on the Alternative Songs chart —maintaining that position for three weeks. It also became the third best-performing song of the decade on the same chart. It was well received commercially as well, and won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Seven Nation Army\" (also stylized as \"7 Nation Army\") is a song by American rock duo the White Stripes. It was released as the lead single from their fourth studio album, Elephant, in March 2003, and reached number one on the Alternative Songs chart —maintaining that position for three weeks. It also became the third best-performing song of the decade on the same chart. It was well received commercially as well, and won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song.", "short_answers": [ "2003", "March 2003" ] }

[ "July 14, 1976", "1976", "1998" ]

[ { "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "text": "The death penalty was de facto abolished in Canada in 1963, and Bill C-84 was enacted in 1976 resulting in the de jure abolition of the death penalty, except for certain military offences committed by members of the Canadian Armed Forces (cowardice, desertion, unlawful surrender, and spying for the enemy) which are prosecuted under the National Defence Act. In 1998, Canada eliminated the death penalty for these military offences as well.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "text": "to the US's position; in 2004 only 48 percent of Canadians favoured death for murderers compared to 62 percent in 2010. According to one poll, support for the death penalty in Canada is approximately the same as its support in the United States, at 63 percent in both countries as of 2013. A 2011 poll by the \"Toronto Sun\" found that 66 percent of Canadians favored capital punishment, but only 41 percent would actually support its re-introduction in Canada. Since abolition only two parties were known to have advocated to bringing it back: the Reform Party of Canada (1988–2000) and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3400660", "score": "1.1712251", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "text": "the National Advancement Party of Canada (since 2014). Among the reasons cited for banning capital punishment in Canada were fears about wrongful convictions, concerns about the state taking people's lives, and uncertainty about the death penalty's role as a deterrent for crime. The 1959 conviction of 14-year-old Steven Truscott was a significant impetus (although certainly not the only one) toward the abolition of capital punishment. Truscott was sentenced to death for the murder of a classmate. His sentence was later commuted to a life sentence and in 2007 he was acquitted of the charges (although the appeal court did not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3400661", "score": "1.1561224", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Warren Allmand", "text": "Offences,\" the bill that would remove the death penalty from the Criminal Code and abolish its use in Canada. A sentence of life imprisonment with no chance of parole for a minimum of 25 years was substituted instead. 119 parliamentarians spoke for or against the bill over the course of the debate, with members of both the Liberal and Progressive Conservative parties divided in their support of the bill. Opponents of the bill cited recent polling that 70% of Canadians supported capital punishment and called on the government to call a national referendum on the issue. Other opponents accused Allmand", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3048909", "score": "1.1329021", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "text": "of offences punishable by death to three: murder, rape, and treason. In 1868, Parliament also stated that the location of the execution was to be within the confines of the prison instead of public hangings. By the 1870s, the jails had begun to build the gallows from the ground with a pit underneath instead of the previous high scaffold, the platform of which was level with the prison wall. Robert Bickerdike (b. 17 August 1843 in Kingston, Upper Canada, d. 28 December 1928 in Lachine, Quebec), a businessman, politician, and social reformer, believed the abolition of capital punishment was an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3400643", "score": "1.124885", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Foreign policy of the Stephen Harper government", "text": "called on the United Nations to take a bigger role on the conflict in order to help the \"desperate\". In November 2007, Canada's minority Conservative government reversed a longstanding policy of automatically requesting clemency for Canadian citizens sentenced to capital punishment. The ongoing case of Alberta-born Ronald Allen Smith, who has been on death row in the United States since 1982 after being convicted of murdering two people and who continues to seek calls for clemency from the Canadian government, prompted Canadian Public Safety Minister Stockwell Day to announce the change in policy. Day has stated that each situation should", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9040313", "score": "1.1229371", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "text": "facilities, but more typically offenders were hanged on a scaffold built for the occasion in the jail yard. Military prisoners sentenced to death under Canadian Military Law were shot by a firing squad . Although reintroduction of the death penalty in Canada is extremely unlikely, support for capital punishment is similar to its support in the United States, where it is carried out regularly in some states and is on the books in most states and on the federal level. While opposition to the death penalty increased in the 1990s and early 2000s, in recent years Canadians have merged closer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3400659", "score": "1.1227038", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "text": "punishment as the mandatory punishment for murder, which opened the door to the possibility of abolition. In 1961, legislation was introduced to reclassify murder into capital or non-capital offences. A capital murder involved a planned or deliberate murder, murder during violent crimes, or the murder of a police officer or prison guard. Only capital murder carried the death sentence. Following the success of Lester Pearson and the Liberal Party in the 1963 federal election, and through the successive governments of Pierre Trudeau, the federal cabinet commuted all death sentences as a matter of policy. Hence, the \"de facto\" abolition of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3400646", "score": "1.1089973", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "text": "other nations such as Germany, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom, Israel, Mexico, Colombia and Australia, which also refuse to extradite prisoners who may be condemned to death. Extradition where the death penalty is possible was ruled a violation of the European Convention of Human Rights in the case of \"Soering v United Kingdom\" outlawing the practice in member states of the Council of Europe, of which all of the European Union member states are part. In November 2007, Canada's minority Conservative government reversed a longstanding policy of automatically requesting clemency for Canadian citizens sentenced to capital punishment.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3400663", "score": "1.1062616", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "text": "The ongoing case of Alberta-born Ronald Allen Smith, who has been on death row in the United States since 1982 after being convicted of murdering two people and who continues to seek calls for clemency from the Canadian government, prompted Canadian Public Safety Minister Stockwell Day to announce the change in policy. Day has stated that each situation should be handled on a case-by-case basis. Smith's case resulted in a sharp divide between the Liberals and the Conservatives, with the Liberals passing a motion declaring that the government \"should stand consistently against the death penalty, as a matter of principle,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3400664", "score": "1.1054027", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Foreign policy of the Stephen Harper government", "text": "be handled on a case-by-case basis. Smith's case resulted in a sharp divide between the Liberals and the Conservatives, with the Liberals passing a motion declaring that the government \"should stand consistently against the death penalty, as a matter of principle, both in Canada and around the world\". However, an overwhelming majority of Conservatives supported the change in policy. In a 2011 interview given to Canadian media, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper affirmed his private support for capital punishment by saying, \"I personally think there are times where capital punishment is appropriate.\" In 2006, the Conservative government joined the US", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9040314", "score": "1.0894368", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "text": "more often than to the wealthy. He refuted the notion that state-sponsored killing acted as a deterrent to murder and cautioned against the possibility of mistake. In 1950, an attempt was made to abolish capital punishment. Ross Thatcher, at that time a Cooperative Commonwealth Federation Member of Parliament, moved Bill No. 2 in order to amend the Criminal Code to abolish the death penalty. Thatcher later withdrew it for fear of Bill No. 2 not generating positive discussion and further harming the chances of abolition. In 1956, the Joint Committee of the House and Senate recommended the retention of capital", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3400645", "score": "1.0862714", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "text": "imperative and to some extent his life’s mission. Few spoke as loudly or as eloquently as he did for this reform. In 1914 and again in 1916 he introduced a bill to replace the death penalty with a life sentence. He opposed capital punishment on many grounds, considering it an insult to Christianity and religion in general and a blot on any civilized nation. \"There is nothing\", he stated in the house, \"more degrading to society at large ... than the death penalty.\" He also spoke of class disparities, pointing out that the punishment was administered to the poor far", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3400644", "score": "1.0808377", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "text": "state that he was in fact innocent). In the 1990s, Canada extradited a criminal, Charles Ng to the United States, even though he appealed to the authorities, as he did not want to potentially face execution. The Supreme Court of Canada, in the case \"United States v. Burns\", (2001), determined that Canada should not extradite persons to face trial in other countries for crimes punishable by death unless Canada has received an assurance that the foreign state will not apply the death penalty, essentially overruling \"Kindler v. Canada (Minister of Justice)\", (1991). This is similar to the extradition policies of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3400662", "score": "1.0674648", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Capital punishment debate in the United States", "text": "as the Robert Pickton case, the Greyhound bus beheading, Port Arthur massacre and Bali bombings, though none of these events or similar events actually caused the death penalty to be re-instated. Between 2000 and 2010, support for the return of capital punishment in Canada dropped from 44% to 40%, and opposition to it returning rose from 43% to 46%. The Canadian government currently \"has absolutely no plans to reinstate capital punishment.\" Nonetheless, in a 2011 interview given to Canadian media, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper affirmed his private support for capital punishment by saying, \"I personally think there are times", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14024068", "score": "1.0662594", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Ronald Allen Smith", "text": "2009, Minister of Foreign Affairs Lawrence Cannon said that the government is complying with the court ruling. Earlier the same day, Cannon explained the government's policy as follows: \"Our government respects the decisions made by sovereign, democratic states. We are determined to ensure that justice is served for Canadians abroad. In that regard, we will continue to study each instance on a case by case basis and, where appropriate, seek clemency for Canadians facing the death penalty abroad.\" Smith is, as of 2014, the only Canadian on death row in the United States. Ronald Allen Smith Ronald Allen Smith (born", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11659657", "score": "1.0532252", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Warren Allmand", "text": "did not take anything. Allmand would later state that the RCMP had been dishonest in withholding information from him and other solicitors general. After Trudeau's Liberals upgraded their minority government to a majority in the 1974 federal election, they had more leeway to act on abolishing capital punishment. In 1973, Liberals had renewed the provisions of Bill C-168, passed by Lester B. Pearson's minority government in 1968, which imposed a five-year moratorium on the use of the death penalty. With a majority behind them, Allmand and Trudeau, both ardent abolitionists, prepared to go further than Pearson had gone and decided", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3048907", "score": "1.0437181", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty", "text": "basis that such a law infringed on the prisoners’ First Amendment rights. \"They're sentenced to death, they're not sentenced to silence,\" said CCADP co-founder Tracy Lamourie. Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty The Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty (CCADP) is a not-for-profit organization which was co-founded by Tracy Lamourie and Dave Parkinson of the Greater Toronto Area. The couple formed the CCADP, not only to speak out against the use of capital punishment around the world, but also in the hopes of educating and encouraging fellow Canadians to speak out against the occasional calls for a renewal of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11568108", "score": "1.0425206", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Capital punishment", "text": "and Canada have abolished capital punishment. In Latin America, most states have completely abolished the use of capital punishment, while some countries such as Brazil and Guatemala allow for capital punishment only in exceptional situations, such as treason committed during wartime. The United States (the federal government and 31 of the states), some Caribbean countries and the majority of countries in Asia (for example, Japan and India) retain capital punishment. In Africa, less than half of countries retain it, for example Botswana and Zambia. South Africa abolished the death penalty in 1995. Abolition was often adopted due to political change,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "72902", "score": "1.0354499", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Murder (Canadian law)", "text": "with no parole for 75 years – or 25 years for each conviction. This provision has been used in several cases where parole ineligibility periods have been extended beyond 25 years; in four cases to 75 years prior to parole eligibility. \"See also:\" \"Life imprisonment in Canada\" For offences committed prior to December 2, 2011, someone guilty of a single murder could have his/her non-parole period reduced to no less than 15 years under the Faint hope clause. However, this provision is not available for offences committed after that date. In cases of second-degree murder and within the parameters set", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14328549", "score": "1.0288669", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Murder (Canadian law)", "text": "as either first or second degree: The mandatory sentence for any adult (or youth sentenced as an adult) convicted of murder in Canada is a life sentence, with various time periods before a person may apply for parole. The ability to apply for parole does not mean parole is granted. For multiple murder offences committed after December 2, 2011, a court may, after considering any jury recommendation, impose consecutive periods of parole ineligibility for each murder. While the provision is not mandatory, this means, for example, that an individual convicted of three counts of first degree murder could face life", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14328548", "score": "1.0235763", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Canadian Coalition Against the Death Penalty", "text": "Los Angeles, California, just to name just a few. In various interviews, Lamourie and Parkinson have stated that the CCADP \"doesn't concern itself with questions of guilt or innocence, only the humane treatment of people.\" They have also pointed out that the CCADP is not promoting the causes of all convicted felons, and that they are only concerned with those on death row. The CCADP has no web pages for people doing life, nor, for example, for any convicts in their own country (Canada) since Canada has no death penalty. The CCADP co-founders have also stated in interviews that they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11568106", "score": "1.0228493", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Ronald Allen Smith", "text": "Smith on humanitarian grounds; the Governor of Montana apparently showed some sympathy to these requests. In October/November 2007, however, the government of Canada announced that it would not seek clemency for Smith; whereas Canadian government policy had always been to seek clemency through diplomatic channels for Canadians sentenced to death in foreign countries, the government now announced a new policy: \"that multiple murderers and mass murderers who are convicted in a democracy that adheres to the rule of law cannot necessarily count on a plea for clemency from the Canadian government and patriation back to this country.\" As of 2010,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11659654", "score": "1.02219", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Criminal sentencing in Canada", "text": "no death penalty in Canada. When a person is found guilty of a crime, a finding has been made that all essential elements of the offence have been met (either by admission through a guilty plea or after the elements have been proven beyond a reasonable doubt in a trial). However, there may be facts that did not have to be determined for the defendant's guilt to be decided (i.e. severity of a victim's injuries, motivation for the crime, etc.). If the guilty verdict was determined by a jury, the judge may have to determine what facts the jury relied", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13885519", "score": "1.0217744", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "LGBT rights in Canada", "text": "resulted in the death penalty. However, there is no surviving record of any executions, and political figures were reluctant to enforce the law. The death penalty was eventually repealed and a broader law involving gross indecency between men was often enforced in the late 19th century. During the early to mid 20th-century, the law often portrayed homosexual men as sex offenders until the infamous court case of Everett George Klippert, who admitted to having sex with multiple men, resulted in his life imprisonment. Same-sex sexual activity between consenting adults was soon decriminalized in 1969 as a result of legislation introduced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6738376", "score": "1.0188415", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Life imprisonment in Canada", "text": "killing an unborn child in the act of birth, and aggravated sexual assault. Under the \"Controlled Drugs and Substances Act\", trafficking, exporting or production of schedule I or II substances also carries a maximum penalty of life imprisonment with a parole ineligibility period of between 7 years and 25 years. Current sentencing practices ensure that, except in the case of murder, a life sentence is rarely imposed, even when the offender is found guilty for particularly grievous offences. One common exception is cases which involve terrorism-related conspiracies. As of 2013, 4,800 offenders were serving life sentences in Canada, though only", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13741301", "score": "1.0176358", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Life imprisonment in Canada", "text": "Millard, waiting on decision at third 1st degree murder trial, would potentially see 3 consecutive life terms or 75 years. Offences under the \"Criminal Code\" that carry a maximum penalty of life imprisonment in Canada (with a parole ineligibility period of between 7 years and 25 years) include treason, piracy, mutiny, aircraft hijacking, endangering the safety of an aircraft or an airport, endangering the safety of a ship or fixed platform, robbery, kidnapping, attempted murder, accessory after the fact to murder, conspiracy to commit murder, manslaughter, causing death by street racing, impaired driving causing death, causing death by criminal negligence,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13741300", "score": "1.0160934", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "History of Canadian women", "text": "was convicted in 2007 for the murders of six women and sentenced to life imprisonment. Russell Williams is a Canadian convicted murderer, rapist, and former Colonel in the Canadian Forces, who targeted women. He was sentenced in 2010 to two life sentences for first-degree murder, two 10-year sentences for other sexual assaults, two 10-year sentences for forcible confinement, and 82 one-year sentences for breaking and entering, all to be served concurrently. Following Confederation in 1867, the laws were consolidated in the Criminal Code. These dealt principally with pimping, procuring, operating brothels and soliciting. Most amendments to date have dealt with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16994945", "score": "1.005146", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Murder (Canadian law)", "text": "maximum of 6 of those years spent in custody. If convicted of second degree murder, they must serve a maximum of 7 years, with a maximum of 4 of those years spent in custody. Murder, under English and Irish law, also comes with a mandatory life sentence. Murder (Canadian law) Murder in Canada is defined as a culpable homicide with specific intentions. It is defined by the Criminal Code, a statute passed by the Parliament of Canada and which applies uniformly across Canada. Murder is a sub-category of culpable homicide which is defined as causing the death of a human", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14328552", "score": "1.0022645", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Murder", "text": "moratorium on death sentences was effectively imposed in the late 1960s. This fact has been used to argue that capital punishment serves as a deterrent and, as such, it is morally justified. Capital punishment opponents frequently counter that the United States has much higher murder rates than Canada and most European Union countries, although all those countries have abolished the death penalty. Overall, the global pattern is too complex, and on average, the influence of both these factors may not be significant and could be more social, economic, and cultural. Despite the immense improvements in forensics in the past few", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "272282", "score": "1.0000031", "original_retrieval_index": 44 } ]

{ "title": "Capital punishment in Canada", "long_answer": "The death penalty was de facto abolished in Canada in 1963, and Bill C-84 was enacted in 1976 resulting in the de jure abolition of the death penalty, except for certain military offences committed by members of the Canadian Armed Forces (cowardice, desertion, unlawful surrender, and spying for the enemy) which are prosecuted under the National Defence Act. In 1998, Canada eliminated the death penalty for these military offences as well.", "chunked_long_answer": "The death penalty was de facto abolished in Canada in 1963, and Bill C-84 was enacted in 1976 resulting in the de jure abolition of the death penalty, except for certain military offences committed by members of the Canadian Armed Forces (cowardice, desertion, unlawful surrender, and spying for the enemy) which are prosecuted under the National Defence Act. In 1998, Canada eliminated the death penalty for these military offences as well.", "short_answers": [ "1976", "1998" ] }

[ "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky", "maestro Walter Damrosch", "Walter Damrosch" ]

[ { "title": "Carnegie Hall", "text": "It was intended as a venue for the Oratorio Society of New York and the New York Symphony Society, on whose boards Carnegie served. Construction began in 1890, and was carried out by Isaac A. Hopper and Company. Although the building was in use from April 1891, the official opening night was May 5, with a concert conducted by maestro Walter Damrosch and great Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Originally known simply as \"Music Hall\" (the words \"Music Hall founded by Andrew Carnegie\" still appear on the façade above the marquee), the hall was renamed Carnegie Hall in 1893 after", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Paul Hostetter", "text": "Music Director of the New Jersey Youth Symphony, and the Associate Conductor for the Broadway productions of Candide and George and Ira Gershwin's Fascinating Rhythm. Hostetter has appeared as a guest conductor with the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra, the Orlando Philharmonic Orchestra, the American Composers Orchestra, the New York City Opera, Philharmonia Virtuosi, the Delaware Symphony Orchestra, the Opera Theatre of Pittsburgh, Peak Performances, the Genesis Opera Company, the Prism Chamber Orchestra, the New York Virtuosi, the Daylesford Sinfonia (Bermuda), the PAI Festival Orchestra (Kingston, PA), the Family Opera Initiative, the New York Concerti Sinfonietta,and the Stony Brook Summer Music", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12436470", "score": "1.2030107", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "New York Philharmonic", "text": "orchestra's centennial concert at Carnegie Hall in the preceding year, was appointed Musical Director. He had also conducted the Sunday afternoon radio broadcast when CBS listeners around the country heard the announcer break in on Arthur Rubinstein's performance of Brahms's Second Piano Concerto to update them about the attack on Pearl Harbor. (The initial word of the attack was forwarded by CBS News Correspondent John Charles Daly on his own show before the Philharmonic broadcast.) Soon after the United States entered World War II, Aaron Copland wrote \"A Lincoln Portrait\" for the Philharmonic at the request of conductor Andre Kostelanetz", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "898378", "score": "1.1955764", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Ryan McAdams", "text": "the New York Youth Symphony. He made his Carnegie Hall debut on December 9, 2007 with the New York Youth Symphony and violin soloist William Harvey. His tenure with the NYYS garnered significant critical acclaim. During his five seasons as Music Director, he premiered 15 orchestral works by such leading young composers as Timo Andres, Clint Needham, Christopher Cerrone, Lembit Beecher, Ryan Gallagher, Robert Honstein, Ted Hearne, Elizabeth Kelly, Chris Rogerson, and Eric Guinivan. He also invited a variety of emerging soloists to make their Carnegie Hall debuts with the orchestra, including Kate Lindsey, Anthony McGill, Haochen Zhang, Jennifer Zetlan,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12530786", "score": "1.186437", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "New York Philharmonic", "text": "convince Andrew Carnegie that New York needed a first-class concert hall and on May 5, 1891, both Walter and Russian composer Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky conducted at the inaugural concert of the city's new Music Hall, which in a few years would be renamed for its primary benefactor, Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie Hall would remain the orchestra's home until 1962. The Philharmonic in 1877 was in desperate financial condition, caused by the paltry income from five concerts in the 1876/77 season that brought in an average of only $168 per concert. Representatives of the Philharmonic wished to attract the German-born, American-trained conductor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "898364", "score": "1.1861647", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "David Eaton (composer)", "text": "Lincoln Center's Avery Fisher Hall, the Manhattan Center, Merkin Hall, Harlem's Apollo Theater, the United Nations, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. He also served as conductor of the Goldman Band, and led that ensemble in its summer concert series in New York City from 1998 to 2000, including concerts at Lincoln Center, Brooklyn and Coney Island. After his Carnegie Hall debut in 1989, the \"New York Daily News\" hailed the New York City Symphony as \"one of America's finest orchestras.\" He later appeared with the NYC Symphony at Carnegie Hall on four occasions, including a concert during Carnegie Hall's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11273050", "score": "1.1811993", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Opening Prayer", "text": "to Aaron Stern. Bernstein conducted the New York Philharmonic in the premiere on 15 December 1986, with Kurt Ollmann as the baritone soloist. The long concert began with piano pieces by Chopin played by Vladimir Horowitz, had six songs sung by Frank Sinatra in the middle, and ended with the final movement from Mahler's \"Resurrection Symphony\", conducted by Zubin Mehta. Bernstein used the music later as a movement of his \"Jubilee Games\". He wrote that work first in two movements for the 50th anniversary of the Israel Philharmonic. He added \"Opening prayer\" as a middle movement in a revised version", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20845661", "score": "1.1787212", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Benjamin Steinberg (conductor)", "text": "in America was held at Carnegie Hall on May 6, 1965, two months before the Voting Rights Act of 1965 became law. Steinberg said of the effort, \"We have a lot of talent in this city, and we have to create the opportunities to present it to the public\". Sponsors included Samuel Barber, Leonard Bernstein, Ruby Dee, William Warfield, Aaron Copland, and Zero Mostel. As the orchestra developed, Marian Anderson and Leontyne Price joined the Board of Directors, and James DePriest became Principal Guest Conductor. Another prominent guest conductor was Everett Lee. The symphony's musicians were graduates of such respected", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20794791", "score": "1.1692276", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Tucson Symphony Orchestra", "text": "Auditorium under its first conductor, Tucsonan Camil Van Hulse. The Orchestra played Schubert's \"Rosamunde Overture\" and Beethoven's \"Symphony No. 7\". Local papers hailed the debut as a monumental achievement and said the audience greeted the Symphony's performance with \"surprise, admiration and bursts of enthusiasm.\" Though there were only two concerts the first season, the second offered three concerts and featured a new conductor, Joseph De Luca, who remained with the Symphony for five years. Concerts were held on Sunday evenings at 8:30. The early concert programs were all-orchestral; on March 16, 1930, soprano Mary Margaret Fischer appeared as the orchestra’s", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7513217", "score": "1.1680443", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Ed Simons (conductor)", "text": "him his first conducting job: the Frank Loesser musical \"Where's Charley?\". He went on to conduct eight Broadway shows between 1948 and 1964, including \"My Fair Lady\" and \"Camelot\". He was described by \"The New York Times\" as \"the best conductor in jazz\". In 1952 Simons founded the Suburban Symphony in Rockland County, New York, later known as the Rockland Symphony Orchestra. He had been the conductor for over 60 years, and continued to conduct the orchestra at least once a year. In September 2017, he conducted a concert at 100 years of age. From 1965 to the late 1980s,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20000728", "score": "1.1652513", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "David Katz (conductor)", "text": "Leopold Stokowski, who he joined as associate conductor of The American Symphony Orchestra (ASO). Katz conducted the ASO at Carnegie Hall from 1961 till 1970. He also conducted the Oratorio Society of Queens from 1968 to 1969, succeeding Lawrence Rasmussen. and later conducted the Tokyo Symphony Orchestra in 1971. By QSO's second season, children's concerts were added to the schedule, leading to David and Jeannie starting the Music BAG Program (Music for Boys and Girls). This program was designed to get kids involved with making music with the orchestra, and learning the history and theory of music. By the 1970s,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16192323", "score": "1.1646376", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Donald Bell", "text": "a soloist with the Philadelphia Orchestra under Eugene Ormandy in concerts of Bach's \"Christmas Oratorio\" at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia and at Carnegie Hall in New York City. He made his first appearance with the New York Philharmonic singing in the inaugural concert of Lincoln Center's Philharmonic Hall (now Avery Fisher Hall) on 28 September 1962 with Leonard Bernstein conducting. In 1961 Bell toured Israel and in 1963 he toured the USSR. He moved to Düsseldorf in 1964, where he worked for the next three years as a resident artist at the Deutsche Oper am Rhein. At that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15419777", "score": "1.1541172", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra", "text": "conductor and piano virtuoso Lukas Foss took the helm as the new music director of the Buffalo Philharmonic. At the opening concert the walls of Kleinhans were at once enchanted by Ives' Unanswered Question, then thrilled for the first time with the flash and peal of Stravinsky's Rite of Spring. Little did anyone realize that even 'Le Sacre' would be 'old hat' in a hurry. Within three seasons the BPO led the orchestra world in the performance of new music. The Orchestra was invited to Carnegie Hall for the first of what became regular appearances there. Its first truly major", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4153977", "score": "1.152416", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Opening Prayer", "text": "conductor and conducting the New York Philharmonic for the first time, the event was widely publicised and made him well known. Bernstein appeared at the hall until 1990 in more than 430 events as pianist, conductor, composer and educator. When the hall was reopened after restoration in 1986, Bernstein received the first commission for the opening celebrations. He set a Hebrew benediction for baritone and orchestra. The text is the Priestly Blessing (), which serves to conclude the liturgy of traditional morning services, in English: The music began as a piano miniature, part of \"13 Anniversaries\", from No. 12 dedicated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20845660", "score": "1.1507798", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "National Youth Orchestra of China", "text": "Choy. NYO-China’s 2017 debut at Carnegie Hall conducted by Ludovic Morlot and featuring pianist Yuja Wang received pronounced critical acclaim from various American music columns and publications. Anthony Tommasini, the chief classical music critic for \"The New York Times\", remarked that “if [the performance at Carnegie Hall] was a test run for this new venture, these Chinese musicians scored big”; he furthermore commended Morlot for his “vibrant account of Dvořák’s \"New World Symphony\" from the well-prepared players, with full-bodied string tone, folkloric charm and lots of brio.” The orchestra’s subsequent performances in Beijing, Shanghai, and Suzhou with Olga Kern on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20307781", "score": "1.1489909", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Mischa Portnoff", "text": "critic Olin Downes reviewed the performance: John Barbirolli, in the course of one of the best concerts he has conducted here, led the New York Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra yesterday afternoon in Carnegie Hall in the first performance of Mischa Portnoff’s Piano Concerto. The solo part was played by Nadia Reisenberg. The performance was received with prolonged applause. Miss Reisenberg must have gratified the composer, who appeared on the platform with her after the performance, by the virtuosity and command that she showed in her mastery of a piano part that called not merely for physical deeds of derring do, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18519492", "score": "1.147681", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Marion Bauer", "text": "Bauer was the second woman to have her work performed by the New York Philharmonic–Leopold Stokowski conducted the premiere of Bauer's \"Sun Splendor\" at Carnegie Hall in 1947. Despite its premiere with the New York Philharmonic, though, \"Sun Splendor\" was never published in any of its forms–as a piano solo, duet, or orchestral piece–and the only recording currently available is that of the original performance, housed in the New York Philharmonic Archives. An event Bauer herself considered one of the highlights of her entire career was the May 8, 1951 New York Town Hall concert devoted exclusively to her music.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4519442", "score": "1.1468114", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "InterSchool Orchestras of New York", "text": "is led by Music Director Tong Chen, Executive Director Karen Geer, and Board President Barbara Tracy. Its music director for much of its history was the late Jonathan Strasser. ISO was recognized by the League of American Orchestras with the 2004 Bank of America Award for excellence in orchestra education. The Morningside Orchestra welcomes beginners with basic skills on their instruments. Morningside Orchestra is conducted by Matthew Rotjan. The Carnegie Hill Orchestra, under the direction of Steven Rochen, provides further training for intermediate-level musicians, who perform original orchestral music and arrangements. The Concert Orchestra, conducted by Barry Stern, is made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15862857", "score": "1.1467574", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "New Philharmonia Orchestra of Massachusetts", "text": "Katzen, Sato Knudsen and Keisuke Wakao. The orchestra's inaugural season featured a guest conducting appearance by Keith Lockhart, conductor of the Boston Pops. Its fifteenth season was launched on July 1, 2009 with a concert in Boston's Symphony Hall, featuring French music for organ and orchestra, with James David Christie (organist of the Boston Symphony) as soloist. The concert marked the opening night of the New England convention of the American Guild of Organists. On September 14, 2018, the orchestra presented a sold-out concert at Symphony Hall featuring the Indigo Girls. The motto of the orchestra is \"Music for All\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6769566", "score": "1.1422334", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Young People's Concerts", "text": "Copland, and later Kurt Masur, Leonard Slatkin, and André Previn. Currently, the New York Philharmonic presents four Young People's Concerts each season, in addition to concerts on tour, most recently in Hong Kong on February 17, 2008. In New York, Delta David Gier is conductor and host—the first person to lead all such concerts in a season since 1952. Each season is themed as a unit—for instance the four ages of music—and the live performance is complemented by live images projected on a large screen, in addition to actors, dancers, and singers who help bring themes to life. Noted playwright", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5960519", "score": "1.1418753", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Leonard Bernstein", "text": "editorial, \"It's a good American success story. The warm, friendly triumph of it filled Carnegie Hall and spread far over the air waves.\" He became instantly famous because the concert was nationally broadcast on CBS Radio, and afterwards Bernstein started to appear as a guest conductor with many U.S. orchestras. From 1945 to 1947, Bernstein was the Music Director of the New York City Symphony, which had been founded the previous year by the conductor Leopold Stokowski. The orchestra (with support from the Mayor) was aimed at a different audience than the New York Philharmonic, with more modern programs and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "538356", "score": "1.1412052", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "New York Philharmonic", "text": "at the age of twelve at Lewisohn Stadium. In his first subscription week he led the world premiere of John Adams' \"On the Transmigration of Souls\" commissioned in memory of those who died on September 11, 2001. Maazel concluded his tenure as the Philharmonic's Music Director at the end of the 2008/09 season. In 2003, due to ongoing concerns with the acoustics of Avery Fisher Hall, there was a proposal to move the New York Philharmonic back to Carnegie Hall and merge the two organizations, but this proposal did not come to fruition. On May 5, 2010, the New York", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "898388", "score": "1.1408602", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Hudson Valley Philharmonic", "text": "to Ole Windingstad, a European-trained conductor who came from the Oslo Philharmonic in Norway. Ole Windingstad also served as conductor to the New Orleans Philharmonic from 1940 to 1944. On October 29, 1953 under the direction of Maestro Ole Windingstad, the orchestra presented a program of two Norwegian composers, Grieg and Sparre-Olsen at New York's Carnegie Hall. It was also during Ole Windingstad's tenure that the orchestra presented Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf narrated by former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt. By 1959, Claude Monteux, world-class flutist and son of legendary conductor Pierre Monteux, had elevated the orchestra to a fully", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14573032", "score": "1.1398115", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Symphony of the New World", "text": "direction of the noted conductor and music director Benjamin Steinberg, the Symphony consists of 36 Negro and 52 white musicians. Never before in the musical history of the nation has such a completely integrated symphonic ensemble been created. Following its Carnegie Hall debut concert, the Symphony of the New World will repeat its program in Harlem on Sunday afternoon, May 9, at the High School of Music and Art, 135th Street and Convent Avenue. This concert will be the first in the Symphony's long-range plan of performing in communities of low-income families and in reaching a public outside the orbit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17792837", "score": "1.1383722", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Leonard Bernstein", "text": "conductor during his tenure as music director. However, his views were not shared by the audiences (with many full houses) and probably not by the musicians themselves (who had greater financial security arising from Bernstein's many TV and recording activities amongst other things). In 1962 the New York Philharmonic moved from Carnegie Hall to Philharmonic Hall (now David Geffen Hall) in the new Lincoln Center. The move was not without controversy because of acoustic problems with the new hall. Bernstein conducted the gala opening concert featuring vocal works by Mahler, Beethoven and Vaughan Williams, and the premiere of Aaron Copland's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "538378", "score": "1.1337451", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Serenade to Music", "text": "Vaughan Williams conducted a performance of the original version of the \"Serenade\" during the inaugural concerts at the new Royal Festival Hall in 1951. The orchestra was the Liverpool Philharmonic and eleven of the original sixteen soloists sang; Ena Mitchell replaced Turner, Gladys Ripley replaced Balfour, and William Herbert, Richard Lewis and Stephen Manton replaced Titterton, Widdop and Jones. The performance was recorded and has been released on CD. For the opening of the Avery Fisher Hall, New York, on 23 September 1962, Leonard Bernstein conducted the New York Philharmonic, his programme including the \"Serenade to Music\". The soloists were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4921748", "score": "1.1329969", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "New York Philharmonic", "text": "to boast an outdoor symphony series when it began playing low-priced summer concerts at Lewisohn Stadium in upper Manhattan. In 1920 the orchestra hired Henry Hadley as \"associate conductor\" given specific responsibility for the \"Americanization\" of the orchestra: each of Hadley's concerts featured at least one work by an American-born composer. In 1924, the Young People's Concerts were expanded into a substantial series of children's concerts under the direction of American pianist-composer-conductor Ernest Schelling. This series became the prototype for concerts of its kind around the country and grew by popular demand to 15 concerts per season by the end", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "898371", "score": "1.1291243", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Joseph Fennimore", "text": "America for the British Tourist Authority) in America, Japan and Europe, to assistant conducting on Broadway for \"No, No, Nanette\" music director and arranger Buster Davis, writing music criticism pseudonymously and co-founding, with Gordon Hibberd, and directing (1972–76) the Hear America First concert series that was broadcast nationally on National Public Radio. He also taught piano at Princeton University as well as piano, piano literature and music literature at the College of St. Rose in Albany, New York. Since the early 1970s he has devoted his energies more exclusively to his compositional efforts, new works introduced and often performed by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17650302", "score": "1.1280003", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Allen Oxenburg", "text": "Artistic Director and Gamson as the company's principal conductor. The company's first production was Claudio Monteverdi's \"L'incoronazione di Poppea\" for an audience of 50 in the drawing room of a mansion on 5th Avenue in New York City. These smaller concerts quickly became so popular that the AOS had to move to increasingly larger venues, ultimately using Carnegie Hall as the company's home. Oxenburg had a strong commitment to presenting operas that were rarely performed. As such, the AOS presented many operas to the American public for the first time, including the United States premieres of Benjamin Britten's \"Billy Budd\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13684325", "score": "1.1261742", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Lawrence Leighton Smith", "text": "director of the Philharmonia Orchestra of Yale from 1995 to 2004. He became music director of the Colorado Springs Symphony in May 2000, and in 2003 he became the first music director of the new Colorado Springs Philharmonic. He also has served as the music director of the Sunriver Music Festival in Oregon for over 17 seasons. Guest conducting included appearances with nearly every major orchestra in the U.S., including the American Symphony Orchestra, Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, Dallas Symphony Orchestra, Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra, Minnesota Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra and the Saint", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9409815", "score": "1.1259458", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Carnegie Hall", "long_answer": "Carnegie Hall is named after Andrew Carnegie, who funded its construction. It was intended as a venue for the Oratorio Society of New York and the New York Symphony Society, on whose boards Carnegie served. Construction began in 1890, and was carried out by Isaac A. Hopper and Company. Although the building was in use from April 1891, the official opening night was May 5, with a concert conducted by maestro Walter Damrosch and great Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Originally known simply as \"Music Hall\" (the words \"Music Hall founded by Andrew Carnegie\" still appear on the façade above the marquee), the hall was renamed Carnegie Hall in 1893 after board members of the Music Hall Company of New York (the hall's original governing body) persuaded Carnegie to allow the use of his name. Several alterations were made to the building between 1893 and 1896, including the addition of two towers of artists' studios, and alterations to the smaller auditorium on the building's lower level.", "chunked_long_answer": "It was intended as a venue for the Oratorio Society of New York and the New York Symphony Society, on whose boards Carnegie served. Construction began in 1890, and was carried out by Isaac A. Hopper and Company. Although the building was in use from April 1891, the official opening night was May 5, with a concert conducted by maestro Walter Damrosch and great Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Originally known simply as \"Music Hall\" (the words \"Music Hall founded by Andrew Carnegie\" still appear on the façade above the marquee), the hall was renamed Carnegie Hall in 1893 after", "short_answers": [ "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky", "Walter Damrosch", "maestro Walter Damrosch" ] }

[ "Ann Arbor, Michigan" ]

[ { "title": "Students for a Democratic Society", "text": "Aryeh Neier. The phrase “industrial democracy” sounded too narrow and too labor oriented, making it more difficult to recruit students. Moreover, because the LID's leadership did not correspond to the expectations and the mood on the campuses, the SLID felt the need to dissociate itself from its parent organization. SDS held its first meeting in 1960 on the University of Michigan campus at Ann Arbor, Michigan, where Alan Haber was elected president. Its political manifesto, known as the Port Huron Statement, was adopted at the organization's first convention in 1962, based on an earlier draft by staff member Tom Hayden.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Students for a Democratic Society", "text": "Students for a Democratic Society Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) was a national student activist organization in the United States that was one of the main representations of the New Left. Founded in 1960, the organization developed and expanded rapidly in the mid-1960s before dissolving at its last convention in 1969. SDS has been an important influence on student organizing in the decades since its collapse. Participatory democracy, direct action, radicalism, student power, shoestring budgets, and its organizational structure are all present in varying degrees in current American student activist groups. Though various organizations have been formed in subsequent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17344744", "score": "1.0555664", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Students for a Democratic Society", "text": "years as proposed national networks for left-wing student organizing, none has approached the scale of SDS, and most have lasted a few years at best. A new incarnation of SDS was founded in 2006. SDS developed from the Student League for Industrial Democracy (SLID), the youth branch of a socialist educational organization known as the League for Industrial Democracy (LID). LID descended from the Intercollegiate Socialist Society, started in 1905. Early in 1960, the SLID changed its name into SDS at the behest of its then acting Director, Aryeh Neier. The phrase \"industrial democracy\" sounded too narrow and too labor", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17344745", "score": "1.0467632", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Norman Daniels", "text": "the Students for a Democratic Society in 1969. In a public letter to his fraternity brothers at Wesleyan, Daniels wrote: \"At Harvard, I ended up co-chair of SDS and gave the speech on the steps of University Hall April 9, 1969, that began the take-over of that administration building and thus led to the Harvard Strike. I would have been fired as a teaching fellow, so I followed my advisors advice and quit that position to take a part-time job at Tufts, teaching philosophy of science and political philosophy. I stayed 33 years.\" Consulting [Source: Bibliography of books, from personal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13883749", "score": "1.033926", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)", "text": "Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization) New Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) is a United States student organization representing left wing ideals. It takes its name and inspiration from the original SDS of 1960–1969, then the largest radical student organization in US history. The contemporary SDS is a distinct youth and student-led organization with over 120 chapters worldwide. Beginning January 2006, a movement to revive the Students for a Democratic Society took shape. Two high school students, Jessica Rapchik and Pat Korte, decided to reach out to former members of the \"Sixties\" SDS, to re-establish a student movement", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10912835", "score": "1.0252858", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Students For Society", "text": "democratic revolution in India.” Students For Society (SFS) is a student organization that envisions to work on the footsteps of Bhagat Singh. SFS strive to work together with all the democratic forces to create egalitarian society, where equality and freedom are not mere words to be written on pages of constitution but a material reality. SFS has always endeavored toward promoting academic culture and encouraging critical thinking be it through discussions, seminars or other cultural events. When the time demands so, SFS has raised its voice against each and every injustice done or regressive step taken by central or state", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20311948", "score": "1.0188665", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Students For Society", "text": "Students For Society The Students For Society (SFS) was founded in Panjab University, Chandigarh on 28 September 2010 as a students' discussion group for holding discussions on books and social issues, on the 103rd birth anniversary of Bhagat Singh. It rejected the politics of muscle and money power by mainstream political parties in University. It also rejected the politics of those who were trying to get votes by offering movie shows, dinners, trips and beauty parlour coupons. SFS takes out its rallies on foot with singing of slogans with a Tambourine (\"Dafli\") while other parties took out rallies in cars.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20311946", "score": "1.0158215", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "College Students for Bernie", "text": "the organization split into two different organizations, the existing group Young Democratic Socialists, and a new organization founded by College Students for Bernie members, Young Progressives Demanding Action, a subgroup of Progressive Democrats of America. College Students for Bernie was founded in April 2015 at Middlebury College by Elizabeth Siyuan Lee and Nathan Rifkin., as well as Alex Forgue at Northern Illinois University, and Benjamin Packer at Dartmouth College. After coming up with the \"chapter model\", where each college would have their own chapter under a larger network of progressive college students, they reached out to their peers to help", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19348194", "score": "0.9852712", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)", "text": "a series of actions supporting Immigrant Rights. SDS chapters, such as at Brandeis, Connecticut College, and Harvard coordinated with large coalitions of students to strike and walk out of their classes on May Day. The newly formed SDS held its first national convention from August 4 to August 7, 2006 at the University of Chicago. In early March 2007, SDS members and allies in Tacoma, Washington led a blockade of the Port of Tacoma, where the US military was loading Stryker vehicles onto ships to be transported to Iraq. After confrontations every night for a week, the police broke the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10912840", "score": "0.9847187", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Democratic Students Federation", "text": "a center of Islamist militancy. However, its influence started to decline after the collapse of Soviet Union in the early 1990s. Democratic Students Federation Democratic Students Federation (DSF) is a left-wing student organization in Pakistan. It was first established on 13 January 1951 in Karachi by students of Dow Medical College as the organization that previously dominated campuses, the Muslim Students Federation (affiliated with the Muslim League), began to wither. From its inception, it was close to the Communist Party of Pakistan (CPP), and therefore banned along with the CPP in 1954. Its members, however, managed to infiltrate other student", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5908439", "score": "0.9840797", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Democratic Students Federation", "text": "Democratic Students Federation Democratic Students Federation (DSF) is a left-wing student organization in Pakistan. It was first established on 13 January 1951 in Karachi by students of Dow Medical College as the organization that previously dominated campuses, the Muslim Students Federation (affiliated with the Muslim League), began to wither. From its inception, it was close to the Communist Party of Pakistan (CPP), and therefore banned along with the CPP in 1954. Its members, however, managed to infiltrate other student organizations, notably the National Students Federation founded in 1958. It emerged as a splinter group of the National Students Federation (NSF)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5908437", "score": "0.9824649", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)", "text": "Chapters around the US and Canada participated in a large series of semi-coordinated events and demonstrations between March 17 and March 21 to bring awareness to the 5th anniversary of the invasion of Iraq. The 2008 National Convention was held in College Park, Maryland. Members at the meeting decided on a national structure: the National Work Committee and a national campaign: Student Power for Accessible Education. In September, SDS chapters from around the country converged on St. Paul, Minnesota to participate in the four days of protests against the Republican National Convention. Members of Providence SDS took over a board", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10912846", "score": "0.97773296", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "European Democrat Students", "text": "European Democrat Students European Democrat Students (EDS) is a pan-European centre-right student and youth political association, and the official student organisation of the European People's Party. Founded in Vienna by Scandinavian, German and Austrian students in 1961, it represents over 1.600.000 students and young people in 40 member organisations from 35 countries in Europe, and is the largest youth organisation in Europe. Its stated goal is to promote a free, democratic and united Europe through a greater student mobility and comprehensive education policies across the continent. European Democrat Students has been always a frontrunner in integration, fighting for open borders,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6148665", "score": "0.9756695", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)", "text": "national anti-war, anti-occupation and Israeli apartheid Week campaigns. In March 2010, members of the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee's chapter of SDS staged a protest outside the Chancellor's building. The event, designed to protest rising tuition costs, was met with a police presence. Police began using pepper spray, and arrested sixteen members of the protest, including both SDS members and allied organizations on campus through the Education Rights Campaign. On August 19, 2012, Occupy Colleges officially merged with SDS. Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization) New Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) is a United States student organization representing left", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10912849", "score": "0.97185576", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Student League for Industrial Democracy (1946–59)", "text": "Student League for Industrial Democracy (1946–59) The Student League for Industrial Democracy (SLID) of 1946 to 1959 was the second incarnation of the League for Industrial Democracy's student group. It changed its name to the Students for a Democratic Society on January 1, 1960, and severed its connection to the LID in 1965. After the autonomous Student League for Industrial Democracy merged with other groups to form the American Student Union in 1935, the League for Industrial Democracy still tried to keep a campus presence. In the late 1930s and early war years they organized summer institutes to educate students", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17148510", "score": "0.9711727", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Students for a Democratic Society", "text": "office (NO) in New York City consisted of a few desks, some broken chairs, a couple of file cabinets and a few typewriters. As a student group with a strong belief in decentralization and a distrust for most organizations, the SDS did not have a strong central bureaucracy. The three stalwarts at the office, Don McKelvey, Steve Max, and the National Secretary, Jim Monsonis, worked long hours for little pay to service the local chapters, and to help establish new ones. Even during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October, little could be accomplished. Most activity was oriented toward civil rights", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17344755", "score": "0.9690701", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Students for a Democratic Society", "text": "\"We want our rights and we want them now! That fall saw a great escalation of the anti-war actions of the New Left. The school year started with a large demonstration against university complicity in the war in allowing Dow recruiters on campus at the University of Wisconsin in Madison on October 17. Peaceful at first, the demonstrations turned to a sit-in that was violently dispersed by the Madison police and riot squad, resulting in many injuries and arrests. A mass rally and a student strike then closed the university for several days. A coordinated series of demonstrations against the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17344779", "score": "0.96593857", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Students for a Democratic Society", "text": "speech movement. Led by a charismatic Friends of SNCC student activist named Mario Savio, upwards of three thousand students surrounded a police car in which a student was being taken away, arrested for setting up an informational card table for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in defiance of the University's ban on politics. The sit-down prevented the police car from moving for 32 hours. The demonstrations, meetings and strikes that resulted all but shut the university down. Hundreds of students were arrested. In February 1965, United States President Johnson dramatically escalated the war in Vietnam by bombing North Vietnam", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17344762", "score": "0.96494114", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)", "text": "in the United States. Korte did this by contacting Alan Haber. They called for a new generation of SDS, to build a radical multi-issue organization grounded in the principle of participatory democracy. Several chapters at various colleges and high schools were subsequently formed. On Martin Luther King, Jr. Day of 2006, these chapters banded together to issue a press release that stated their intentions to recreate the national SDS organization. In the press release, the SDS called for the organization's first national convention since 1969 to be held in the summer of 2006 and to have it preceded by a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10912836", "score": "0.95300245", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "European Democrat Students", "text": "Association of Christian Democratic Students (West Germany), the Students' League of the Conservative Party (Norway), and the Confederation of Swedish Conservative and Liberal Students (FMSF). A few months later, the Federation of University Conservative and Unionist Associations (UK) and ESC (Belgium) joined. The current name of the organisation, European Democrat Students, was adopted in 1975, after it was proposed by Carl Bildt. Since 1997, EDS has been the official student organisation of the European People's Party (EPP). Full members status is held to the European Youth Forum (YFJ), the International Young Democrat Union (IYDU) and the Robert Schuman Institute. EDS", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6148669", "score": "0.9527769", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Students for a Libertarian Society", "text": "appears to have been done on a national basis and the website is offline. The banner of organizing libertarian students has since been picked up by new organizations: Students For Liberty and Young Americans for Liberty. Students for a Libertarian Society Students for a Libertarian Society (SLS) was an activist organization for students in the United States seeking to promote libertarian ideals on college campuses. Currently active libertarian student groups include Students for Liberty and Young Americans for Liberty. The name and organizational structure were inspired by the success of Students for a Democratic Society in the 1960s. It was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12167396", "score": "0.95171934", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Students for a Democratic Society", "text": "when Mrs. Jeremy Stone (Susan Brown) informs her husband (Arthur Hill) that unexpected visitors have arrived, he responds, \"The SDS, no doubt\" before learning that the visitors are Air Force personnel. In the 1994 film \"Forrest Gump\", Jenny (Robin Wright) introduces her boyfriend to Forrest (Tom Hanks) as Wesley (Geoffrey Blake), the president of the Berkeley chapter of SDS. Students for a Democratic Society Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) was a national student activist organization in the United States that was one of the main representations of the New Left. Founded in 1960, the organization developed and expanded rapidly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17344796", "score": "0.94889045", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Democratic Party for a New Society", "text": "Democratic Party for a New Society The Democratic Party for a New Society (; abbreviated DPNS) is a registered political party in Myanmar (Burma), founded in 1988 by Moe Thee Zun, the then Secretary General of the All Burma Students League (ABSL). The party campaigns independently from other parties and is unaffiliated with the more influential National League for Democracy (NLD), despite sharing similar goals. The Democratic Party for a New Society (DPNS) was founded on 14 October 1988 by students and youth, in response to the military junta government's suppression of the 8888 Uprising and pro-democracy movements in Myanmar.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6010547", "score": "0.944789", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)", "text": "series of regional conferences occurring during the Memorial Day weekend. These regional conferences would also be the first of their kind since 1969. On April 23, 2006, SDS held a northeast regional conference at Brown University. Since its foundation in 2006, the organization's activities have centered on two broad areas. The first is building opposition to the US government-led wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, and neighboring countries in South Asia and the Middle East. The second area is advocating for \"students rights\", broadly defined. For example, SDSers have played a major role in the national movement against budget cuts and tuition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10912837", "score": "0.9442222", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention", "text": "even smaller factions, all of which seemed focused on their own version of Communist Party formation. \"By the spring\" of 1970, \"except for a pocket here or there, RYM was dead\". 1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention The 1969 Students for a Democratic Society National Convention held in June of that year in Chicago, Illinois was the final convention held by the Students for a Democratic Society. The gathering, which took place over June 18–22, was one of four conventions officers and members of SDS attended each year. Taking place at the Chicago Coliseum, the convention was the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20400527", "score": "0.9420972", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Students for a Libertarian Society", "text": "Students for a Libertarian Society Students for a Libertarian Society (SLS) was an activist organization for students in the United States seeking to promote libertarian ideals on college campuses. Currently active libertarian student groups include Students for Liberty and Young Americans for Liberty. The name and organizational structure were inspired by the success of Students for a Democratic Society in the 1960s. It was organizationally distinct from the Libertarian Party which had its own, much smaller, official youth wing, the Young Libertarian Alliance. At its height in 1979 and 1980, SLS had a central national office with a paid staff", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12167391", "score": "0.9363036", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)", "text": "human blockade through the use of rubber bullets and pepper spray. On March 12, 2007, one week before the anniversary of the invasion of Iraq, the New School chapter of SDS held a Campus Moratorium against the Iraq War. Students left classes and proceeded down 5th Avenue to the Chambers Street military recruitment center where they met with the Pace University chapter of SDS. The students entered the Recruitment Center, barricaded the door and held a nonviolent sit-in, effectively closing the recruitment center for about two hours. Twenty members of SDS were arrested and charged with criminal trespassing, a misdemeanor.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10912841", "score": "0.93332756", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Social Democratic Students of Sweden", "text": "to higher education but also organises seminars and debates on various topics such as: international affairs, gender equality, discrimination and equality at the labour market. In recent years the organisation has become a strong voice in the ideological debate within the Swedish Labour Movement. The Social Democratic Students of Sweden was the first social democratic organisation to argue for a Swedish EU (EC) membership and also the first to call for a common European currency. The organisation has also a strong engagement in the movement for democracy in Burma, with which it has worked in partnership since 1996. In November", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9282342", "score": "0.9244646", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Democratic School of Hadera", "text": "doing nothing at all. In 1993 the first International Democratic Education Conference (IDEC) was held at the Democratic School of Hadera. In years 1996 and 2017 it was held again at that school. Democratic School of Hadera The Democratic School of Hadera is a democratic school in Hadera, Israel. It was founded in 1987 by Yaacov Hecht. With around 650 students aged four to eighteen, it is the largest of the twenty-five Israeli democratic schools. The school is governed by a weekly school parliament in which all students, teachers, parents and alumni have an equal vote. However, few parents and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4105263", "score": "0.9237807", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "African-American studies", "text": "which prohibited all political clubs from fundraising, excluding the democrat and republican clubs. Police arrested 800 students. Students a “Freedom of Speech Movement” and Mario Savio became its poetic leader, stating that “freedom of speech was something that represents the very dignity of what a human is...\" The Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), a well-connected and organized club, hosted a conference entitled “Black Power and its Challenges\". Black leaders who were directly tied to then ongoing civil rights movements spoke to a predominantly white audience about their respective goals and challenges. These leaders included Stokely Carmichael of the Student", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2623582", "score": "0.9220991", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Students for a Democratic Society", "long_answer": "SDS developed from the Student League for Industrial Democracy (SLID), the youth branch of a socialist educational organization known as the League for Industrial Democracy (LID). LID descended from the Intercollegiate Socialist Society, started in 1905. Early in 1960, the SLID changed its name into SDS at the behest of its then acting Director, Aryeh Neier. The phrase “industrial democracy” sounded too narrow and too labor oriented, making it more difficult to recruit students. Moreover, because the LID's leadership did not correspond to the expectations and the mood on the campuses, the SLID felt the need to dissociate itself from its parent organization. SDS held its first meeting in 1960 on the University of Michigan campus at Ann Arbor, Michigan, where Alan Haber was elected president. Its political manifesto, known as the Port Huron Statement, was adopted at the organization's first convention in 1962, based on an earlier draft by staff member Tom Hayden.", "chunked_long_answer": "Aryeh Neier. The phrase “industrial democracy” sounded too narrow and too labor oriented, making it more difficult to recruit students. Moreover, because the LID's leadership did not correspond to the expectations and the mood on the campuses, the SLID felt the need to dissociate itself from its parent organization. SDS held its first meeting in 1960 on the University of Michigan campus at Ann Arbor, Michigan, where Alan Haber was elected president. Its political manifesto, known as the Port Huron Statement, was adopted at the organization's first convention in 1962, based on an earlier draft by staff member Tom Hayden.", "short_answers": [ "Ann Arbor, Michigan" ] }

[ "January 2004" ]

[ { "title": "Exploration of Mars", "text": "In January 2004, the NASA twin Mars Exploration Rovers named Spirit (MER-A) and Opportunity (MER-B) landed on the surface of Mars. Both have met or exceeded all their targets. Among the most significant scientific returns has been conclusive evidence that liquid water existed at some time in the past at both landing sites. Martian dust devils and windstorms have occasionally cleaned both rovers' solar panels, and thus increased their lifespan. Spirit Rover (MER-A) was active until 2010, when it stopped sending data because it had fallen into a sand dune.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Mars rover", "text": "by the instruments during their mission in space. The details of rover science vary according to equipment carried. The primary goal of the \"Spirit\" and \"Opportunity\" rovers is to discover \"the history of water on Mars\". The four science goals of NASA's long-term Mars Exploration Program are: Mars rover A Mars rover is a motor vehicle that propels itself across the surface of the planet Mars upon arrival. Rovers have several advantages over stationary landers: they examine more territory, and they can be directed to interesting features, they can place themselves in sunny positions to weather winter months, and they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2493276", "score": "1.0617799", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Mars Exploration Rover", "text": "scientific objective was to search for and characterize a wide range of rocks and soils that hold clues to past water activity on Mars. The mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, which includes three previous successful landers: the two Viking program landers in 1976 and Mars Pathfinder probe in 1997. The total cost of building, launching, landing and operating the rovers on the surface for the initial 90-sol primary mission was US$820 million. Since the rovers have continued to function beyond their initial 90 sol primary mission, they have each received five mission extensions. The fifth mission extension", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1864298", "score": "1.0567858", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Astrobiology", "text": "long-term spaceflights that allow exposure of organic chemicals and biological samples to outer space in low Earth orbit. The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission landed the \"Curiosity\" rover that is currently in operation on Mars. It was launched 26 November 2011, and landed at Gale Crater on 6 August 2012. Mission objectives are to help assess Mars' habitability and in doing so, determine whether Mars is or has ever been able to support life, collect data for a future human mission, study Martian geology, its climate, and further assess the role that water, an essential ingredient for life as we", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "30408", "score": "1.0565089", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher", "text": "Laboratory-class rover with precision landing and sampling/caching capability. To provide a name that fit the mission concept better, it was changed in August 2009 from the generic Mid-Range Rover (MRR) to Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C). In April 2011, because of a budgeting crisis, a proposal was announced to fly only one rover in 2018 that would be larger than either of the vehicles in the paired concept, ExoMars (ESA) and MAX-C (NASA). One suggestion was that the new vehicle be built in Europe and take on a combination of European and USA instruments. NASA proposed to provide a launch rocket", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13983127", "score": "1.0554639", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Mars Exploration Rover", "text": "has a mass of about 533 kilograms (1,175 pounds). The rover alone has a mass of about . The gravity on Mars is about 38% of Earth's, so the motor does not need to be as powerful as it would on Earth. The rover contains accelerometers to detect which way is down (toward the surface of Mars) by measuring the pull of gravity. The rover computer then commanded the correct lander petal to open to place the rover upright. Once the base petal was down and the rover was upright, the other two petals were opened. The petals initially opened", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1864333", "score": "1.0543776", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Mars 2020", "text": "affordable. \"Curiosity\" engineering team are also involved in the rover's design. Based on the scientific objectives, nearly 60 proposals for rover instrumentation were evaluated and, on 31 July 2014, NASA announced the payload for the rover. In May 2017, evidence of the earliest known life on land may have been found in 3.48-billion-year-old geyserite, a mineral deposit often found around hot springs and geysers, uncovered in the Pilbara Craton of Western Australia. These findings may be helpful in deciding where best to search for early signs of life on the planet Mars. The following locations are the eight landing sites", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16951840", "score": "1.0538533", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Exploration of Mars", "text": "began mapping the Martian terrain and weather to find suitable landing sites for upcoming lander missions. The MRO captured the first image of a series of active avalanches near the planet's north pole in 2008. The Mars Science Laboratory mission was launched on November 26, 2011 and it delivered the \"Curiosity\" rover on the surface of Mars on August 6, 2012 UTC. It is larger and more advanced than the Mars Exploration Rovers, with a velocity of up to 90 meters per hour (295 feet per hour). Experiments include a laser chemical sampler that can deduce the composition of rocks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2507648", "score": "1.052918", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Rover (space exploration)", "text": "it landed on the Martian Meridiani Planum on January 25, 2004 at 05:05 Ground UTC (about 13:15 local time), three weeks after its twin \"Spirit\" (MER-A) touched down on the other side of the planet. On July 28, 2014, NASA announced that \"Opportunity\", after having traveled over on the planet Mars, has set a new \"off-world\" record as the rover having driven the greatest distance, surpassing the previous record held by the Soviet Union's Lunokhod 2 rover that had traveled . () On 26 November 2011, NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission was successfully launched for Mars. The mission successfully landed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9954596", "score": "1.0516279", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory", "text": "its journey across Mars, having traveled , since its landing in 2012; on August 1, 2013, the rover traveled over one mile: . On August 6, 2013, NASA celebrated \"Curiosity\" first year on Mars (August 6, 2012 to August 5, 2013) by programming the rover to perform the \"Happy Birthday\" song to itself. NASA also released several videos (video-1, video-2) summarizing the rover's accomplishments over the year. Primarily, the mission found evidence of \"ancient environments suitable for life\" on Mars. The rover drove over one-mile across the Martian terrain, transmitted more than 190 gigabits of data to Earth, including 70,000", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16700644", "score": "1.0512073", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Exploration of Mars", "text": "with a roving probe on Mars on July 4, 1997. It consisted of a lander and a small wheeled robotic rover named Sojourner, which was the first rover to operate on the surface of Mars. In addition to scientific objectives, the Mars Pathfinder mission was also a \"proof-of-concept\" for various technologies, such as an airbag landing system and automated obstacle avoidance, both later exploited by the Mars Exploration Rovers. After the 1992 failure of NASA's Mars Observer orbiter, NASA retooled and launched Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). Mars Global Surveyor launched on November 7, 1996, and entered orbit on September 12,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2507664", "score": "1.0506812", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory", "text": "2013, NASA reported that \"Curiosity\" has successfully upgraded, for the third time since landing, its software programs and is now operating with version 11. The new software is expected to provide the rover with better robotic arm and autonomous driving abilities. Due to wheel wear, a concern to drive more carefully over the rough terrain the rover is currently traveling on to Mount Sharp, was also reported. On January 24, 2014, NASA reported that current studies by the \"Curiosity\" and \"Opportunity\" rovers will now be searching for evidence of ancient life, including a biosphere based on autotrophic, chemotrophic and/or chemolithoautotrophic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16700656", "score": "1.049908", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Mars Science Laboratory", "text": "In the event, MSL achieved a landing east and north of the center of the target. This location is near the mountain Aeolis Mons (a.k.a. \"Mount Sharp\"). The rover mission is set to explore for at least 687 Earth days (1 Martian year) over a range of . The Mars Science Laboratory mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort for the robotic exploration of Mars that is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of California Institute of Technology. The total cost of the MSL project is about US$2.5 billion. Previous successful U.S. Mars rovers include \"Sojourner\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2601300", "score": "1.0491893", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Mars Direct", "text": "started by the first lander. Once on Mars, the crew would spend 18 months on the surface, carrying out a range of scientific research, aided by a small rover vehicle carried aboard their Mars Habitat Unit, and powered by the methane produced by the Earth Return Vehicle. To return, the crew would use the \"Earth Return Vehicle\", leaving the Mars Habitat Unit for the possible use of subsequent explorers. On the return trip to Earth, the propulsion stage of the Earth Return Vehicle would be used as a counterweight to generate artificial gravity for the trip back. Follow-up missions would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "267957", "score": "1.0481782", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Crewed Mars rover", "text": "called MOLAB. One of the ideas for Molab was for it touch down on its wheels, what was called a \"rover first\" concept. MOLAB had a pressurized cylinder for crews to operate in a shirt-sleeve environment even on an extraterrestrial surface. For options for keeping track of location as the rover moves around Mars include: Navigation on Mars is noted as important issue for human missions to the planet. Celestial navigation, used for over 500 years on Earth, may provide a way of locating on the Mars surface to within about 100 meters (109 yards). Navigation is especially relevant to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17827873", "score": "1.0467815", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Mars One", "text": "Mars One Ventures. In late 2016 Mars One had changed its first crewed mission date to 2032. In December 2013, mission concept studies for a robotic Mars lander were contracted with Lockheed Martin for a demonstration mission concept. It would be based on the design of the successful 2007 NASA \"Phoenix\" lander, and provide proof of concept for a subset of the key technologies for a later human settlement on Mars. Upon submission of Lockheed Martin's Proposal Information Package, Mars One released a Request for Proposals for the various payloads on the lander. The total payload mass of 44 kg", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16567906", "score": "1.0452673", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Opportunity (rover)", "text": "before. The scientific objectives of the Mars Exploration Rover mission are to: During the next two decades, NASA will continue to conduct missions to address whether life ever arose on Mars. The search begins with determining whether the Martian environment was ever suitable for life. Life, as we understand it, requires water, so the history of water on Mars is critical to finding out if the Martian environment was ever conducive to life. Although the Mars Exploration Rovers do not have the ability to detect life directly, they are offering very important information on the habitability of the environment in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2492472", "score": "1.0437193", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Mars Exploration Rover", "text": "NASA announced that \"Opportunity\" had driven the full distance of a marathon, with a finish time of roughly 11 years, 2 months. The Mars Exploration Rover was designed to be stowed in the nose of a Delta II rocket. Each spacecraft consists of several components: Total mass is . The cruise stage is the component of the spacecraft that is used for travel from Earth to Mars. It is very similar to the Mars Pathfinder in design and is approximately 2.65 meters (8.7 ft) in diameter and tall, including the entry vehicle (see below). The primary structure is aluminium with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1864316", "score": "1.0434716", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "NASA robots", "text": "craft that will be designed to fly in a formation. The Mars rover Curiosity is a mobile laboratory that was launched from Cape Canaveral in 2011. The Curiosity landed on Mars surface August 6, 2012. This was the largest rover NASA has put on Mars, being twice as long and five times as heavy as its processors. Despite the extra size the Curiosity took many design elements from the previous generation of Mars rovers such as six wheel drive, rocker-bogie suspension, and cameras mounted to the mast of the rover to help the mission's team direct the rover. However unlike", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13246850", "score": "1.043431", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Opportunity mission timeline", "text": "to reach Solander Point before winter reaches the Martian southern hemisphere as the area has ground tilted to the north allowing the rover to stay active during the winter months. In addition Solander Point has a large geological stack for Opportunity to explore. In April 2013, the rover passed through a three-week-long solar conjunction, when communication with Earth was blocked because of the Sun. The rover arm was positioned on a rock during that time so the APXS could collect data. On May 16, 2013, NASA announced that \"Opportunity\" had driven further than any other NASA vehicle on a world", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17940763", "score": "1.0415099", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Spacecraft naming", "text": "on the order of landing on Mars (\"Spirit\" first then \"Opportunity\"). The rovers were named through a student essay competition sponsored by NASA, the Planetary Society and Lego. The winning entry was by Sofi Collis, a third-grade Russian-American student from Arizona, who named both rovers. The mission is known as the Mars Science Laboratory. The rover vehicle was named through an essay contest. Finalist names were ranked by the public between March 23–29, 2009 from among Adventure, Amelia, Journey, Perception, Pursuit, Sunrise, Vision, Wonder, and Curiosity. through a public poll on the NASA website. On May 27, 2009, the winning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16914697", "score": "1.040693", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Planetary surface", "text": "of extraterrestrial surface samples to Earth. Venera 7 was the first landing of a probe on another planet on December 15, 1970. Mars 3 \"soft landed\" and returned data from Mars on August 22, 1972, the first rover on Mars was Mars Pathfinder in 1997, the Mars Exploration Rover has been studying the surface of the red planet since 2004. NEAR Shoemaker was the first to soft land on an asteroid – 433 Eros in February 2001 while Hayabusa was the first to return samples from 25143 Itokawa on 13 June 2010. Huygens soft landed and returned data from Titan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16280642", "score": "1.0395408", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Human mission to Mars", "text": "gravity and an artificial magnetic field for radiation protection. Overall, the architecture was modular and to allow for incremental R&D. In 2012, a Dutch entrepreneur group began raising funds for a human Mars base to be established in 2023. The mission was intended to be primarily a one-way trip to Mars. Astronaut applications were invited from the public all over the world, for a fee. The initial concept included an orbiter and small robotic lander in 2018, followed by a rover in 2020, and the base components in 2024. The first crew of four astronauts were to land on Mars", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10352720", "score": "1.0388316", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "BYU Mars Rover", "text": "a suspension, and a custom designed and built robotic arm. Unfortunately, the redesign left no time for testing, and the rover did not complete its first drive until the team was actually at the event. After solving computer issues the first day of events, the BYU rover competed in the Soil Science task on the morning of the second day, but broke their drivetrain within minutes of leaving the start gate. This failure led the BYU team to finish in fifth place. After the past year's mechanical failures and software issues, the rover was modified, as the team felt that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13437419", "score": "1.0382231", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Mars 2020", "text": "is planned for launch in 2020 on an Atlas V-541, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory will manage the mission. The mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program. The Science Definition Team proposed that the rover collect and package as many as 31 samples of rock cores and surface soil for a later mission to bring back for definitive analysis on Earth. In 2015, however, they expanded the concept, planning to collect even more samples and distribute the tubes in small piles or caches across the surface of Mars. In September 2013 NASA launched an Announcement of Opportunity for researchers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16951832", "score": "1.0379752", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Unmanned NASA missions", "text": "surface and geology. The mission's scientific objective is to search for and study rocks and soils that indicate past water activity. The mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program which includes three previous successful landers: the two Viking program landers in 1976 and Mars Pathfinder probe in 1997. The total cost of building, launching, landing and operating the rovers on the surface for the initial 90-Martian-day (sol) primary mission was US$820 million. Since the rovers continued to function far beyond their initial 90 sol primary mission (six years to failure for Spirit, thirteen years and counting for Opportunity), they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15941223", "score": "1.0379415", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover", "text": "After that, China started its own Mars project. The spacecraft is being developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), and managed by the National Space Science Centre (NSSC) in Beijing. This Mars mission would be a demonstration of technology needed for a Mars sample return mission proposed for the 2030s. The lander carrying the rover will use a parachute, retrorockets, and an airbag to achieve landing. The rover will be powered by solar panels, probe the ground with radar, perform chemical analyses on the soil, and look for biomolecules and biosignatures. The priorities of the mission include", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19348378", "score": "1.0373739", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "BYU Mars Rover", "text": "tasks for the first time, with no major failures. The primary limitations were radio range, and limited testing with the robotic arm. As such, the rover did well at competition, finishing in second place. In 2017, the science team scored a perfect 100, which helped propel the team into what was thought to be third place. However, after a re-examination of the point tallies for each team, the BYU team found itself in fourth place, by a small margin. In 2018, BYU faced some controversy in the Extreme Delivery and Retrieval task. Seeking to drop off a payload, they went", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13437421", "score": "1.0362203", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Astrobiology Field Laboratory", "text": "astrobiology-oriented instruments, and ideally, a core drill. The original plans called for a launch in 2016, however, budgetary constraints caused funding cuts. The rover could have been the first mission since the Viking program landers of the 1970s to specifically look for the chemistry associated with life (biosignatures), such as carbon-based compounds along with molecules involving both sulfur and nitrogen. The mission strategy was to search for habitable zones by \"following the water\" and \"finding the carbon.\" In particular, it was to conduct detailed analysis of geologic environments identified by the 2012 Mars Science Laboratory as being conducive to life", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6737960", "score": "1.0361717", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Curiosity (rover)", "text": "been done before from the inside of a spacecraft in interplanetary space. Its primary purpose is to determine the viability and shielding needs for potential human explorers, as well as to characterize the radiation environment on the surface of Mars, which it started doing immediately after MSL landed in August 2012. Funded by the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters and Germany's Space Agency (DLR), RAD was developed by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) and the extraterrestrial physics group at Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany. A pulsed sealed-tube neutron source and detector for measuring hydrogen or ice and water at or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16697511", "score": "1.0346522", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Exploration of Mars", "long_answer": "In January 2004, the NASA twin Mars Exploration Rovers named Spirit (MER-A) and Opportunity (MER-B) landed on the surface of Mars. Both have met or exceeded all their targets. Among the most significant scientific returns has been conclusive evidence that liquid water existed at some time in the past at both landing sites. Martian dust devils and windstorms have occasionally cleaned both rovers' solar panels, and thus increased their lifespan. Spirit Rover (MER-A) was active until 2010, when it stopped sending data because it had fallen into a sand dune.", "chunked_long_answer": "In January 2004, the NASA twin Mars Exploration Rovers named Spirit (MER-A) and Opportunity (MER-B) landed on the surface of Mars. Both have met or exceeded all their targets. Among the most significant scientific returns has been conclusive evidence that liquid water existed at some time in the past at both landing sites. Martian dust devils and windstorms have occasionally cleaned both rovers' solar panels, and thus increased their lifespan. Spirit Rover (MER-A) was active until 2010, when it stopped sending data because it had fallen into a sand dune.", "short_answers": [ "January 2004" ] }

[ "Haji Sahib", "Haji Sahib of Turangzai" ]

[ { "title": "Islamia College University", "text": "Haji Sahib of Turangzai, the most famous Pukhtun religious leader of the time was requested by Nawab Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum to lay the foundation stone of Islamia College. Haji Sahib agreed to the request, however, he had been declared a proclaimed offender by the British for his anti-British activities and his entry was banned into British controlled territory. He was residing in tribal territory, which was outside British control, so Nawab Sahib prevailed upon Sir George Roos-Keppel and the British to permit Haji Sahib to enter British controlled territory for one day so he could lay the foundation stone of Islamia College. The British agreed to this request with the understanding that Haji Sahib would return to tribal territory once he had laid the foundation stone. Haji Sahib was permitted to enter British controlled territory for the ceremony and spent the night in the 'Pokh' Mosque of Tehkal. At the foundation stone laying ceremony, Sir Roos Keppel and other British officials were present, so Haji Sahib hid his face in his sheet (Chadar) from them and was led by Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim to the place where he was to lay the foundation stone. After laying the stone Haji Sahib went to Tehkal and then returned to the tribal territory.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Islamia College University", "text": "Islamia College University Islamia College, Peshawar () is a Public Sector University located in midst of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Founded by the personal initiatives led by Sir S.A. Qayyum and Sir George Roos-Keppel in 1913, it is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in Pakistan, and its historical roots are traced from the culminating point of the Aligarh Movement. The university provides higher learning in arts, languages, humanities, social sciences and modern sciences. In 1950, the University of Peshawar was founded as an offshoot of Islamia College Peshawar, with the later being associated to the university as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3830272", "score": "1.2856705", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Ajmal Khan", "text": "bouquet to him when he reached to the university. In light of the services rendered by Islamia College University, Peshawar Vice Chancellor Ajmal Khan in the field of education, President Mamnoon Hussain has awarded him the Sitara-e-Imtiaz. The Peshawar High Court (PHC) issued a notice on Khan on October 29, 2015 after a petitioner challenged his eligibility for the post of Vice Chancellor at Islamia College University Peshawar. Ajmal Khan Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan was the first Vice-Chancellor of Islamia College University, Peshawar from 26 June 2008 to 25 June 2016. He is also a cousin of Awami National", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19849163", "score": "1.25084", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Peshawar", "text": "educational institutes. The most renowned are, Edwardes College founded in 1900 by Herbert Edwardes, is the oldest college in the province and Islamia College Peshawar, which was established in 1913. Islamia College became university and named as Islamia College University in 2008. The following is a list of some of the public and private universities in Peshawar: The following is a list of other significant landmarks in the city that still exist in the 21st century: There are hosts of sporting facilities in Peshawar. The most renowned are Arbab Niaz Stadium, which is the International cricket ground of Peshawar and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "756383", "score": "1.2329705", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Islamia College University", "text": "of knowledge and culture can spread throughout the Middle East and Central Asia.” According to the Board of Trustees, the College, which is spread over 300 acres of land, has 1089 Jaribs cultivable land in Harichand, Rai Killi and Tarnab, (District Charsadda). In addition to this, there are 395 shops and flats in the Khyber Bazaar Peshawar and main bazaar Charsadda. Islamia College University Islamia College, Peshawar () is a Public Sector University located in midst of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Founded by the personal initiatives led by Sir S.A. Qayyum and Sir George Roos-Keppel in 1913, it is one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3830281", "score": "1.2128592", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Islamia College University", "text": "a constituent college. Initially established as Islamia College, it was granted university status by the Government of Pakistan in 2008; the word college is retained in its title for preserving its historical roots. When the new province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (previously N.W.F.P) was formed in 1901 after its separation from the Punjab, there was only one college (Edwardes College) in whole province. This scarcity of quality educational institutions forced local youth to travel to faraway regions of the country (British India) in pursuit of higher education. This same lack of educational opportunities in the region motivated Nawab Sir Sahibzada Abdul", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3830273", "score": "1.1987686", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Ziauddin Ahmad", "text": "Lahore. Ahmad laid the foundation stone for the college and for Islamia College, Peshawar. He recommended students for all kinds of employment, ranging from clerical and administrative to military. Ahmad visited students in their dormitories and mediated sometimes violent student disputes. Habib A. Zuberi, who was also Ahmad's student, writes, \"In 1946-47, when I was a student in Xth class at M.U. High School...he lectured us either once or twice a week...He was a fine teacher. His goal was to include Trigonometry in High School curriculum.\" Ahmad encouraged informal relations between faculty and students. The University emphasized sports and had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7323129", "score": "1.1824117", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "University of Peshawar", "text": "Islamia College University ( Peshawar ), PCSIR Laboratories ( Peshawar) etc. Pakistan Study Centre, University of Peshawar was established under the Federal Act No.XXVII of 1976 like similar study centres in the other universities of Pakistan. The centre started functioning in February 1979. The first three years 1976-78 were spent on providing a building to the centre. As envisaged in the act academically it is part and parcel of the University of Peshawar, controlled and supervised by a Board of Governors, with the Vice-Chancellor as its Chairman. However, its funds both developmental and recurring are provided by the Federal Government,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5799304", "score": "1.1679599", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Ajmal Khan", "text": "Ajmal Khan Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan was the first Vice-Chancellor of Islamia College University, Peshawar from 26 June 2008 to 25 June 2016. He is also a cousin of Awami National Party chief Asfandyar Wali Khan. After education Burn Hall Abbottabad and Peshawar University, Ajmal Khan started off his career as a lecturer at Edwardes College, Peshawar. Dr. Khan also remained associated with the University of Peshawar as deputy provost, provost and registrar and was later appointed as the principal of Islamia College University. Khan also served at Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan as a Vice-Chancellor and then returned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19849160", "score": "1.1638227", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Islamia College (Lahore)", "text": "Islamia College (Lahore) Islamia College () is a group of three colleges in Lahore, Punjab, Peshawar affiliated with the University of Punjab. They were nationalised by the Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto regime in 1972. The college is run by the Ministry of Education (Higher Wing), Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Founded in 1892 by the Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam, the oldest of the three colleges was one of the focal points for the Pakistan Movement. The founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, visited this college to address and confer with its students. Graduates and students of this college are referred to as \"Habibians\" named after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6856410", "score": "1.1513261", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "University of Peshawar", "text": "for its research in social, medical, and natural sciences having eight research centers located inside the campus. Spread over an area of as a residential campus, the university is the first public university to be established in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. In its inaugural year, it had an enrollment of 129, of whom one was a female. The university was founded as an expansion of the Islamia College. The founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who had visited the college in 1928 had great admiration for it, referring to it as ‘my college’ and adopted it as one of the three heirs to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5799285", "score": "1.1492692", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Mohammed Yahya", "text": "the Islamia High School in Peshawar city and became its first head master. In the 1946 Elections Yahya contested as a Congress Candidate against Sardar Abdul Rab Nishtar and defeated him with a heavy margin of approx 8,000 votes. He subsequently became The Minister of Education of the North West Frontier Province in Dr. Khan Sahibs 2nd Ministry. During his short stint as Education Minister (Partition of the Sub Continent in 1947 led to the dissolution of the Assembly) he put forward the proposal for Peshawar University to be established. In the 1960s he was the Director for Special Education,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12164182", "score": "1.1395301", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Mohammed Yahya", "text": "Naheed Raheem,Roeeda Kabir and Dr. Shahida Mohammed Yahya Mohammed Yahya (also known as Mohammed Yahya Jan)-(March 20, 1901 – March 4, 1990) was primarily an Educationist, serving as the founder and first head master of the Islamia High School Peshawar, the Education Minister of the N.W.F.P. and director Special Education and Princley States. Mohammed Yahya was born in Peshawar, North-West Frontier Province in 1901. Mohammed Yahya was the third son of the sixth wife of Haji Ghulam Samdani, who belonged to Barra Mulla in Kashmir. After matriculation and a bachelor's degree from Edwardes College Peshawar, Mohammed Yahya went on to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12164185", "score": "1.1364676", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Khan Abdul Ali Khan", "text": "Oxford. He returned to Peshawar where he worked as a lecturer in history in Islamia College Peshawar. He subsequently served as Principal of Government college of Mianwali and Sargodha and was the principal of the elite Aitchison College Lahore from 1962 to 1970 before being appointed secretary education (1970–1972) in the North-West Frontier Province. He was then appointed Vice-Chancellor of Peshawar University and Gomal University. Eventually moving on to serve as Education secretary again before being appointed Principal of the newly established Fazle Haq College Mardan. He was a recipient of the Sitara-e-Imtiaz in 1997. He died in 1997 following", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14440697", "score": "1.1285799", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Peshawar", "text": "in celebration of the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria, and in 1906 built the Victoria Hall (now home of the Peshawar Museum) in memory of Queen Victoria. The British introduced Western-style education ito Peshawar with the establishment of Edwardes College and Islamia College in 1901 and 1913, along with several schools run by the Anglican Church. For better administration of the region, Peshawar and the adjoining districts were separated from the Punjab Province in 1901, after which Peshawar became capital of the new province. Peshawar emerged as a centre for both Hindko and Pashtun intellectuals during the British era. Hindko", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "756347", "score": "1.121689", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Municipal Inter College For Girls, Peshawar", "text": "Municipal Inter College For Girls, Peshawar Municipal Inter College For Girls, Peshawar is a secondary school and intermediate college located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The college is affiliated with Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Peshawar for both Science and Arts courses of SSC and HSSC. Municipal Inter College For Girls is located at Shahi Bagh in Faqeerabad Peshawar. Arbab Niaz Stadium is located to the south while Peshawar Gymkhana Cricket Ground is located to the west of the college. The college was created and managed by district government Peshawar to provide quality education in English to the children", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20369190", "score": "1.1194927", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Peshawar Model Degree Colleges (Boys-Girls)", "text": "and Information Technology, Peshawar Founded in 1979. Initially, a primary school was established by Muhammad Zahoor Sethi (Founder), comprising just one moderate campus with 300 students. But, later it resulted in the establishment of fourteen separate school campuses, four degree college campuses for boys and two degree college campuses for girls, with a combined strength of over 26,000 students. Peshawar Model Degree College Boys It was formed in 1997. It is located on Dalazak Road, Peshawar, capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province in Pakistan. It was the first college. Peshawar Model Degree College Girls was formed in 2002. It is also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18182484", "score": "1.1184804", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Islamia College University", "text": "... All my residuary estate including the corpus that may fall after the lapse of life interest or otherwise to be divided into three parts - and I bequeath one part to Aligarh University - one part to Islamia College Peshawar and one part to Sindh Madrassa of Karachi ... Quaid-e-Azam's Will, Bombay, May 30, 1939 Addressing the students of the college on April 12, 1948, he said: “Let me tell you that nothing is nearer to my heart than to have a great center of culture and learning in a place like Peshawar, a place from where the rays", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3830280", "score": "1.1177744", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Municipal Inter College For Girls, Peshawar", "text": "of the employees of the Municipal Corporation, Peshawar and general public at affordable price. Municipal Inter College For Girls, Peshawar Municipal Inter College For Girls, Peshawar is a secondary school and intermediate college located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The college is affiliated with Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Peshawar for both Science and Arts courses of SSC and HSSC. Municipal Inter College For Girls is located at Shahi Bagh in Faqeerabad Peshawar. Arbab Niaz Stadium is located to the south while Peshawar Gymkhana Cricket Ground is located to the west of the college. The college was created and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20369191", "score": "1.1099646", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Fazlehaq College", "text": "grade. Male teachers make up a majority of the teaching staff. Students reside in the Sir Sahibzada House, named after Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum first Chief Minister of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, and founder of the historic Islamia College and the University of Peshawar. The Senior School has two streams of study: Metric and GCE. Matric, equivalent to 9th and 10th grade, leads to the Matriculation Examination of the Pakistani scheme of studies. GCE, denoted as F-4 and F-5 (also equivalent to 9th and 10th grade) lead to the General Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary Level Examination. The college offers intermediate classes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11226934", "score": "1.1042429", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Government Superior Science College Peshawar", "text": "to its current campus in 1972 besides famous and historice Wazir Bagh. The college is well connected through the roads with the surrounding areas and other parts of Peshawar city. The college has produced a long list of prominent figures in different fields of life,that serving humanity around the globe. Being one of the prominent institution established after independence, the college attracts the highest number of students each year, and very few of applied students are able to get admission. The vision of college is to broaden the horizons of knowledge and enable students to reach the zenith of intellectual", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19185911", "score": "1.1006606", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Ajmal Khan", "text": "as the first Vice-Chancellor of Islamia College University-when Islamia College became a university in 2008. Khan was kidnapped from Professors Colony on Peshawar’s University Road along with his ramesh vidhani driver Mohibullah in September 2010 by Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) while going to university. TTP demanded the release of four Taliban prisoners in the bargain of Dr. Khan release but government had earlier refused the offer, and then threatened to kill the professor if the government failed to accept their demands and an earlier deadline had been extended by militants after appeals by his family and religious scholars hailing from Khan’s", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19849161", "score": "1.0972741", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Mohammed Yahya", "text": "Mohammed Yahya Mohammed Yahya (also known as Mohammed Yahya Jan)-(March 20, 1901 – March 4, 1990) was primarily an Educationist, serving as the founder and first head master of the Islamia High School Peshawar, the Education Minister of the N.W.F.P. and director Special Education and Princley States. Mohammed Yahya was born in Peshawar, North-West Frontier Province in 1901. Mohammed Yahya was the third son of the sixth wife of Haji Ghulam Samdani, who belonged to Barra Mulla in Kashmir. After matriculation and a bachelor's degree from Edwardes College Peshawar, Mohammed Yahya went on to Aligarh University, where he completed his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12164180", "score": "1.0956746", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "University of Peshawar", "text": "and the University of Peshawar gave its choice for Central Asia. An Area Study thereafter was established in each University of Pakistan under ACT XVL 1975 of Parliament. The Government of Pakistan, through the University Grants Commission and the Ministry of Education, released funds for the establishment of the centre at the University of Peshawar. A sum of Rs. 28, 15,000/- was remitted to the University of Peshawar out of which it established a double storied building on the Campus of the University, housing both the Area Study Centre and Pakistan Study Centre. The Building is situated on road No.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5799299", "score": "1.0932935", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Peshawar District", "text": "School) institutes both in public and private sectors. The most renowned are Islamia College Peshawar, which was established in 1913 and was upgraded to become university in 2008 and Edwardes College Peshawar, which is the oldest of all institutions in the district started functioning in 1900. According to Pakistan District Education Rankings 2017 published by Alif Ailaan, Peshawar ranks 4 in Pakistan in terms of primary school infrastructure while it ranks 52 in Pakistan for middle school infrastructure. In terms of education score, Peshawar ranks 64 in Pakistan with having a relatively low retention score. Beyond Primary Readiness in Peshawar", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3760325", "score": "1.0871812", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Government Degree College Achyni Payan Peshawar", "text": "Sept 2018. The foundation stone for Government Degree College Achyni Payan Peshawar was laid in 2012–13. It is situated in Achini Payan on Peshawar Ring road near Landi Akhun Ahmad. The campus of the college is spread over 23 Kanals of land and the current college building is constructed in 2015. The campus currently has a double story building containing academic block, administration block, examination hall, modern laboratories, library and cafeteria. The college currently has the following departments and faculties. Government Degree College Achyni Payan Peshawar Govt Degree College Achini Payan Peshawar is a public sector college situated on Ring", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20301726", "score": "1.0866842", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Islamia College (Lahore)", "text": "Jafri, who served for four years. At the same time, the college was shifted from Australia Building, Railway Road. Mr Jafri held master's degrees in six subjects from Allahabad University in India. He was also the founder member of Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam. Islamia College (Lahore) Islamia College () is a group of three colleges in Lahore, Punjab, Peshawar affiliated with the University of Punjab. They were nationalised by the Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto regime in 1972. The college is run by the Ministry of Education (Higher Wing), Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Founded in 1892 by the Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam, the oldest of the three colleges", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6856412", "score": "1.0863866", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Peshawar", "text": "Medical College were established in 2007. At the start of the 21st century, a host of new private sector universities started working in Peshawar. Qurtuba University, Sarhad University of Science and IT, Fast University, Peshawar Campus and City University of Science and IT were established in 2001 while Gandhara University was inaugurated in 2002 and Abasyn University in 2007. Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, the first women university of Peshawar, started working in 2009 while private sector IQRA National University was established in 2012. Apart from good range of universities, Peshawar has host of high quality further education (Post School)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "756382", "score": "1.0844617", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Islamia College (Lahore)", "text": "the name of the college's oldest and central building. The Islamia College on Cooper Road, Lahore, Pakistan is an all-women college and was also established by Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam in 1939. The 'Islamia College, Civil Lines' in Lahore in Pakistan was founded in 1947 on the premises of the famous DAV (Dayanand Anglo Vedic) College which then shifted to Ambala, Haryana, India after partition. Graduates and students of this college are referred to as \"Faranians\". It is near where the freedom fighter Bhagat Singh killed the British SSP J.P. Saunders. The first principal of 'Islamia College, Railway Road' was Syed Mohammed Ali", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6856411", "score": "1.0813625", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum", "text": "Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan Bahadur Sahibzada Sir Abdul Qayyum Khan KCIE (12 December 1863 – 4 December 1937), hailing from Topi, Swabi District, British India (modern day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan) was a distinguished educationist and politician. He is best known for establishing the Islamia College, Peshawar on the mould of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's policy of educating Muslims. Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum started his career as a government servant but he eventually turned into a great educationist and respected politician. Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum was born into a well-known religious family of Topi. His paternal family traces its lineage back to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7401247", "score": "1.073752", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Islamia College University", "long_answer": "Haji Sahib of Turangzai, the most famous Pukhtun religious leader of the time was requested by Nawab Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum to lay the foundation stone of Islamia College. Haji Sahib agreed to the request, however, he had been declared a proclaimed offender by the British for his anti-British activities and his entry was banned into British controlled territory. He was residing in tribal territory, which was outside British control, so Nawab Sahib prevailed upon Sir George Roos-Keppel and the British to permit Haji Sahib to enter British controlled territory for one day so he could lay the foundation stone of Islamia College. The British agreed to this request with the understanding that Haji Sahib would return to tribal territory once he had laid the foundation stone. Haji Sahib was permitted to enter British controlled territory for the ceremony and spent the night in the 'Pokh' Mosque of Tehkal. At the foundation stone laying ceremony, Sir Roos Keppel and other British officials were present, so Haji Sahib hid his face in his sheet (Chadar) from them and was led by Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim to the place where he was to lay the foundation stone. After laying the stone Haji Sahib went to Tehkal and then returned to the tribal territory.", "chunked_long_answer": "Haji Sahib of Turangzai, the most famous Pukhtun religious leader of the time was requested by Nawab Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum to lay the foundation stone of Islamia College. Haji Sahib agreed to the request, however, he had been declared a proclaimed offender by the British for his anti-British activities and his entry was banned into British controlled territory. He was residing in tribal territory, which was outside British control, so Nawab Sahib prevailed upon Sir George Roos-Keppel and the British to permit Haji Sahib to enter British controlled territory for one day so he could lay the foundation stone of Islamia College. The British agreed to this request with the understanding that Haji Sahib would return to tribal territory once he had laid the foundation stone. Haji Sahib was permitted to enter British controlled territory for the ceremony and spent the night in the 'Pokh' Mosque of Tehkal. At the foundation stone laying ceremony, Sir Roos Keppel and other British officials were present, so Haji Sahib hid his face in his sheet (Chadar) from them and was led by Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim to the place where he was to lay the foundation stone. After laying the stone Haji Sahib went to Tehkal and then returned to the tribal territory.", "short_answers": [ "Haji Sahib", "Haji Sahib of Turangzai" ] }

[ "Steve Goodman" ]

[ { "title": "City of New Orleans (song)", "text": "\"City of New Orleans\" is a folk song written by Steve Goodman (and first recorded for Goodman's self-titled 1971 album), describing a train ride from Chicago to New Orleans on the Illinois Central Railroad's City of New Orleans in bittersweet and nostalgic terms.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "City of New Orleans (song)", "text": "Country Singles chart in the United States and the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada. Joe Dassin recorded a French cover, titled \"Salut les amoureux\" (\"Hello, lovers\"). The progressive bluegrass band The Seldom Scene recorded a version for their album Act I in 1972. Dutch singer Gerard Cox produced a version called \" 't Is weer voorbij die mooie zomer \" (The nice summer is over again) in 1973. John Denver recorded a version on his album \"All Aboard!\" Jimmy Buffett record two versions for his live album Live At Wrigley Field. In a Shining Time Station Season 2 episode,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6571593", "score": "1.1645072", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Steve Goodman", "text": "for as long as it took Guthrie to drink the beer. Goodman played \"City of New Orleans\", which Guthrie liked enough that he asked to record it. Guthrie's version of Goodman's song became a Top-20 hit in 1972 and provided Goodman with enough financial and artistic success to make his music a full-time career. The song, about the Illinois Central's \"City of New Orleans\" train, would become an American standard, covered by such musicians as Johnny Cash, Judy Collins, Chet Atkins, Lynn Anderson, and Willie Nelson, whose recorded version earned Goodman a posthumous Grammy Award for Best Country Song in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "513954", "score": "1.1441224", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "New Orleans (Hoagy Carmichael song)", "text": "New Orleans (Hoagy Carmichael song) \"New Orleans\" is a 1932 popular song written by Hoagy Carmichael. The song is now considered a jazz standard, along with several other Carmichael compositions such as \"Stardust\", \"Georgia on My Mind\" and \"Lazy River\". The song was recorded by Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra and the Casa Loma Orchestra as an up-tempo number, but failed to achieve success until Carmichael released a slower version of the song with Scottish vocalist Ella Logan. It was based on the chord progression from the bridge of two earlier standards: \"You Took Advantage of Me\" and \"Wrap Your", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13400077", "score": "1.1398754", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "New Orleans (Hoagy Carmichael song)", "text": "Blues Brothers keyboardist on \"Saturday Night Live\"). New Orleans (Hoagy Carmichael song) \"New Orleans\" is a 1932 popular song written by Hoagy Carmichael. The song is now considered a jazz standard, along with several other Carmichael compositions such as \"Stardust\", \"Georgia on My Mind\" and \"Lazy River\". The song was recorded by Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra and the Casa Loma Orchestra as an up-tempo number, but failed to achieve success until Carmichael released a slower version of the song with Scottish vocalist Ella Logan. It was based on the chord progression from the bridge of two earlier standards: \"You", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13400079", "score": "1.1306587", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "New Orleans (Hoagy Carmichael song)", "text": "Troubles in Dreams\". A classic recording is by Ella Logan and Carmichael. Another is by Dorothy Loudon in her album entitled \"Saloon.\" Al Hirt released a version on his 1963 album, \"Our Man in New Orleans\". Canadian rock band Stampeders included a cover of the song on their 1975 album \"Steamin\", and Teddi King also covered it on her 2008 album \"'Round Midnight\". The song was re-done in the 1998 film \"Blues Brothers 2000\" with the fictitious supergroup The Louisiana Gator Boys and The Blues Brothers (including original keyboardist Paul Shaffer, who guest-starred in the film and was the original", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13400078", "score": "1.129457", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "City Beneath the Sea (song)", "text": "into a more substantial piece of work\". Addressing it as a \"very, very simple piece of music\". Music and lyrics by Connick Jr, a tribute to his hometown. \"New Orleans is like a saucer, some twenty feet below sea level,\" he says about the title of the song, in a 1996 interview. \"Even a little rain will put the city under water.\" He sings, \"Please... somebody won't you take me To the city beneath the sea\". The song mentions \"Pork Chop\" who \"dances all night long\", he was a tap-dancer from New Orleans, who used to dance in a few", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6987856", "score": "1.1200035", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Music of Louisiana", "text": "figures in the genre include Professor Longhair and Guitar Slim, who both produced major regional, R&B and national hits. Louis Prima demonstrated the versatility of the New Orleans tradition, taking a style rooted in traditional New Orleans jazz into swinging hot music popular into the rock and roll era. He is buried in New Orleans. The city also has a rich tradition of gospel music and spirituals; Mahalia Jackson was the most famous of New Orleans' gospel singers. She is buried in Metairie. In the 1950s, New Orleans again influenced the national music scene as a center in the development", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1824305", "score": "1.1187801", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Soul music", "text": "songwriter, arranger, and producer Allen Toussaint. He worked with such artists as Irma Thomas (\"the Soul Queen of New Orleans\"), Jessie Hill, Chris Kenner, Benny Spellman, and Ernie K. Doe on the Minit/Instant label complex to produce a distinctive New Orleans soul sound that generated a passel of national hits. Other notable New Orleans hits came from Robert Parker, Betty Harris, and Aaron Neville. While record labels in New Orleans largely disappeared by the mid-1960s, producers in the city continued to record New Orleans soul artists for other mainly New York City- and Los Angeles-based record labels—notably Lee Dorsey for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "730838", "score": "1.1122102", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "City Beneath the Sea (song)", "text": "jazz clubs on Bourbon Street. There is also mentioning of \"The Meters and the Mardi Gras\". There is also the words \"they betcha where you got your shoes\", in New Orleans if anyone bet you they know where you got your shoes, and you take the bet, they'll tell you \"You got them on your feet!\" City Beneath the Sea (song) \"City Beneath the Sea\" is a song by Harry Connick Jr, which first appears on the 1996 album \"Star Turtle\" and is included in the 2005 multi-artist benefit album . The song depicts unique scenes from New Orleans, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6987857", "score": "1.0904754", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Rockin' Sidney", "text": "Floyd, manager of R&B singer (and uncle to) King Floyd, it became a huge New Orleans hit. Floyd first heard the crowd's reaction to the song at a bill headlined by Solomon Burke. Cleon was also the president of the Orleans Street Jocks Association and took 20 copies of the record back to the city; he quickly had to order more. By Mardi Gras, it was a jukebox and record hop smash. Huey Meaux got the original leased to Epic Records (a division of Columbia Records), who released it nationally, and for a brief moment Rockin' Sidney made musical history.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1491367", "score": "1.08772", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Battle of New Orleans", "text": "The Battle of New Orleans \"The Battle of New Orleans\" is a song written by Jimmy Driftwood. The song describes the War of 1812 Battle of New Orleans from the perspective of an American soldier; the song tells the tale of the battle with a light tone and provides a rather comical version of what actually happened at the battle. It has been recorded by many artists, but the singer most often associated with this song is Johnny Horton. His version scored number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1959 (see 1959 in music). \"Billboard\" ranked it as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8086030", "score": "1.0826278", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "7th Ward of New Orleans", "text": "Martin; actor Anthony Mackie, rappers/rapper/producer Mannie Fresh, rapper Mia X, Rappers Suicideboys, author/commentator Melissa Harris-Perry, civil rights leader A. P. Tureaud, playwright Tyler Perry, authors Brenda Marie Osbey, Mona Lisa Saloy, Fatima Shaik, Gospel-R&B composer, singer, performers Connie & Dwight Fitch, singer-songwriter Frank Ocean and fellow schoolmate R&B singer Luke James, Tyrann Mathieu football player for the LSU Tigers and Houston Texans, Leonard Fournette football player for the LSU Tigers and Jacksonville Jaguars, boxer Joseph Dorsey Jr., mayors Ernest Morial, Sidney Barthelemy, and C. Ray Nagin. 7th Ward of New Orleans The 7th Ward is a section of New Orleans,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6979749", "score": "1.0820833", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Music of New Orleans", "text": "Some seminal New Orleans artists from No Limit included Mystikal, Master P, Soulja Slim, C-Murder, and Silkk the Shocker. Cash Money likewise signed and released albums by several New Orleans artists including BG, Juvenile, Turk, Big Tymers, and Lil' Wayne. The city is also the birthplace of bounce music which is gaining popularity. Former Cash Money in-house producer Mannie Fresh is often credited for much of the popularity for Bounce outside of New Orleans. Drake, also signed to Cash Money recently collaborated with New Orleans Bounce producer Blaqnmild on his international hits \"Nice For What\" and \"In My Feelings\". Jay", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10416332", "score": "1.078655", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Louisiana 1927", "text": "whole orchestra. The song became identified with Hurricane Katrina in the public consciousness after being sung by Aaron Neville at NBC's \"A Concert for Hurricane Relief\", being sung by Newman at the multi-network television fundraiser \",\" and a fully orchestrated version of the song performed by Newman during \"Saturday Night Live's\" \"Mardi Gras Special\". A new recording of the orchestrated version is included on the Katrina charity album, \"Our New Orleans,\" on Nonesuch Records. In 2007, the song was covered by Ray Stevens on his tribute album to New Orleans and Louisiana culture, \"New Orleans Moon\". New Orleans-based singer/pianist Marcia", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6534108", "score": "1.0757958", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Go to the Mardi Gras", "text": "Go to the Mardi Gras \"Go to the Mardi Gras\" or \"Mardi Gras in New Orleans\" is a New Orleans Mardi Gras-themed R&B song that was performed by Professor Longhair (real name Henry Roland Byrd) and recorded several times since 1949. He co-wrote the song with Theresa Terry. The song was covered by Fats Domino and released as a single in 1953. It is now considered an iconic festive song of the New Orleans Carnival season. Henry Roeland Byrd, Better known as Professor Longhair (or nickname \"Fess\"), was born in Bogalusa and moved to New Orleans with his family as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19187557", "score": "1.0733886", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Witch Queen of New Orleans", "text": "The Witch Queen of New Orleans \"The Witch Queen of New Orleans\" is a 1971 song by Redbone. The single was released from Redbone's third album \"Message from a Drum\", which is also titled \"The Witch Queen of New Orleans\" in its European release. The song peaked at No. 2 in the United Kingdom and No. 21 in the United States. \"The Witch Queen of New Orleans\" is about a 19th-century practitioner of voodoo from New Orleans named Marie Laveau, referred to in the song lyrics as \"Marie la Voodoo veau\". The song was written by the two Native American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14024648", "score": "1.0684651", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Way Down Yonder in New Orleans", "text": "Way Down Yonder in New Orleans \"Way Down Yonder in New Orleans\" is a popular song with music by John Turner Layton, Jr. and lyrics by Henry Creamer. First published in 1922, it was advertised by Creamer and Layton as \"A Southern Song, without A Mammy, A Mule, Or A Moon\", a dig at some of the Tin Pan Alley clichés of the era. It was performed at The Winter Garden Theater in New York in Act 2 of the Broadway musical production \"Spice of 1922\". The original 1922 sheet music featured a drawing of a girl on a spice", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12146179", "score": "1.0675986", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Music of New Orleans", "text": "a hardcore punk side project along with Mike Williams of Eyehategod and Hank Williams III named Arson Anthem. Brian Patton is a member of Eyehategod and Soilent Green. L. Ben Falgoust II is the singer of Goatwhore and Soilent Green. Music of New Orleans The music of New Orleans assumes various styles of music which have often borrowed from earlier traditions. New Orleans, Louisiana, is especially known for its strong association with jazz music, universally considered to be the birthplace of the genre. The earliest form was dixieland, which has sometimes been called traditional jazz, 'New Orleans', and 'New Orleans", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10416337", "score": "1.0659819", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "New Orleans rhythm and blues", "text": "was known for using triplet piano figures in many of his songs. The \"New Orleans\" sound is heard in his cover of Smiley Lewis's \"Blue Monday,\" with his combination of parade rhythms and barrelhouse blues. Fats Domino was described by Dave Bartholomew as the \"cornerstone\" of Rock 'n' Roll. Cosimo Matassa was the leading record producer in New Orleans between 1940 and 1960. He created the \"cosimo sound\" with guitar, baritone saxophone, and tenor saxophone doubling the bass line. He also owned J&M Studio and Jazz City studio, where he recorded nearly all R&B hits in New Orleans between 1940-1960.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1471622", "score": "1.064856", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Paul Sanchez", "text": "the levee of the Mississippi River, and grew up in New Orleans' blue-collar Irish Channel neighborhood, historic home to stevedores and river pilots. Never one to be categorized or stay in the lines he has a career as varied as New Orleans itself. Sanchez is a songwriter, musician, singer, producer, writer and actor. In January 2010 Off Beat Magazine gave Paul three Best Of The Beat Awards. Songwriter of The Year, Best Song Of The Year, Best Folk/Rock Album for Stew Called New Orleans, his duet record with friend and collaborator John Boutte. In April of that same year Gambit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10361528", "score": "1.0626855", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "City Beneath the Sea (song)", "text": "City Beneath the Sea (song) \"City Beneath the Sea\" is a song by Harry Connick Jr, which first appears on the 1996 album \"Star Turtle\" and is included in the 2005 multi-artist benefit album . The song depicts unique scenes from New Orleans, and features a brief piano solo. Connick wrote the song about New Orleans when he was at his mother-in-law's (Glenna Goodacre) house in Santa Fe, New Mexico. He says, in a 1996 interview, the song was written on a deadline to complete the album. \"I wish I had spent more time on it, to make it musically", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6987855", "score": "1.0558621", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Orleans (band)", "text": "by Wells' brother, Sherman Kelly, and first recorded by Boffalongo, a group Wells joined in 1970 after leaving King Harvest. Hall and his wife, Johanna, had just gained notoriety when their song \"Half Moon\" had appeared on their friend Janis Joplin's posthumous album \"Pearl\". Hall, who had recorded and toured with Taj Mahal and Seals and Crofts, at the request of producer/pianist John Simon, had decided to relocate to Woodstock, New York to be close to Bearsville Studios and the musical scene there. Larry Hoppen, who grew up in Bay Shore, New York but relocated to Ithaca, New York to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1460358", "score": "1.0558226", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Mel Stitzel", "text": "in Chicago at Friar's Inn, but changed their name to the New Orleans Rhythm Kings after their lengthy residency ended. All of the members of the New Orleans Rhythm Kings at the time of their recording session of March 1923 - Mares, Roppolo, Brunies, Stitzel, and drummer Ben Pollack - are credited as co-writers of one of the band's best-known songs: \"Tin Roof Blues,\" which was used as the basis for \"Make Love to Me,\" a million-seller for Jo Stafford in 1954. The band also recorded with pianist Jelly Roll Morton in one of the first multi-racial recordings in jazz.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3697363", "score": "1.0550461", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Big Chief", "text": "New Orleans area, especially during Mardi Gras.) King wrote the song while attending school, and recalled the tune during a recording session with Longhair arranged by Wardell Quezergue. Longhair originally wanted to record the song with a small ensemble, but Quezergue, King, and Smokey Johnson (who also played on the session) convinced him to include an eleven- or fifteen-piece horn ensemble on the 1964 recording. The song refers to Mardi Gras Indian groups; an important part of the African American Mardi Gras tradition. The \"Indian Nation\" of Mardi Gras Indian \"gangs\" in New Orleans includes the Wild Magnolias, the Golden", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10829782", "score": "1.0546714", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Help Is on the Way", "text": "city of New Orleans. Singer Tim McIlrath maintains clean vocals throughout the majority of the song, but temporarily switches to screaming vocals during the bridge. McIlrath wrote the lyrics, which were inspired by a trip he took to New Orleans. While he had initially gone to discuss with local musicians how to merge politics with music, he was able to visit several areas affected by Hurricane Katrina and the subsequent flood, such as the Lower Ninth Ward. As McIlrath felt that news outlets were quick to discuss less important stories following the disaster, he compiled his thoughts and wrote the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15260923", "score": "1.0543623", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Tipitina", "text": "his \"signature song\". The melody is derived from Champion Jack Dupree's \"Junker's Blues\". \"Rolling Stone\" described the song as a \"rhumba-style track\" that has become a quintessential New Orleans standard. According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, which inducted Longhair in 1992, \"The hum-along nonsense syllables and stutter stepping left-hand rhythm of 'Tiptina' is both a symbol and staple of New Orleans music.\" Allen Toussaint described learning the song as a \"rite of passage\". The subject of the song is unknown. Among the speculated subjects are a place and a person. Hugh Laurie recorded a cover of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9275534", "score": "1.0536948", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Patsy Vidalia", "text": "Orleans clubs. He gave himself the name Vidalia for the type of onion, which according to Cosimo Matassa was also used as a slang term for a man who used prostitutes, and worked with others as one of the Valdalia Sisters. In 1947 he started working at the Dew Drop Inn, the center of the city's black musical scene, at the request of its owner Frank Painia. There, he became the club's resident MC, singer and bartender, and hosted the annual Halloween Gay Ball. He was known as \"the Toast of New Orleans\". His theme song was \"Hip Shakin' Mama\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19030649", "score": "1.0520365", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "The Battle of New Orleans", "text": "battleground to a campground, with the combat being changed to the Boy Scouts chasing after the Girl Scouts. The Battle of New Orleans \"The Battle of New Orleans\" is a song written by Jimmy Driftwood. The song describes the War of 1812 Battle of New Orleans from the perspective of an American soldier; the song tells the tale of the battle with a light tone and provides a rather comical version of what actually happened at the battle. It has been recorded by many artists, but the singer most often associated with this song is Johnny Horton. His version scored", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8086035", "score": "1.0505838", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Frankie Laine", "text": "of solo recordings and duets by the two stars, and of new and previously released material, including Stafford's hits single, \"Make Love to Me\", \"Shrimp Boats\", and \"Jambalaya.\" Laine and Stafford duetted on \"Way Down Yonder in New Orleans\", \"Floatin' Down to Cotton Town\", and \"Basin Street Blues\"; and Laine soloed on \"New Orleans\" (not to be confused with \"New Orleans\" a.k.a. \"The House of the Rising Sun\" which Laine later recorded), \"Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?\", and \"When It's Sleepy Time Down South\", along with a pair of cuts taken from his \"Mr. Rhythm\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2490150", "score": "1.0485892", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

{ "title": "City of New Orleans (song)", "long_answer": "\"City of New Orleans\" is a folk song written by Steve Goodman (and first recorded for Goodman's self-titled 1971 album), describing a train ride from Chicago to New Orleans on the Illinois Central Railroad's City of New Orleans in bittersweet and nostalgic terms.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"City of New Orleans\" is a folk song written by Steve Goodman (and first recorded for Goodman's self-titled 1971 album), describing a train ride from Chicago to New Orleans on the Illinois Central Railroad's City of New Orleans in bittersweet and nostalgic terms.", "short_answers": [ "Steve Goodman" ] }

[ "Dáin", "his cousin Dáin" ]

[ { "title": "Thorin Oakenshield", "text": "When Thorin died, he was buried with the Arkenstone, and Orcrist was returned and laid upon his tomb. The blade would glow blue should Orcs approach, and they could thus not take the Mountain by surprise. Thorin was succeeded as leader of Durin's Folk by his cousin Dáin.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Thorin Oakenshield", "text": "for the Dwarven characters, set shortly before The Quest for Erebor. In the game the stronghold in the Ered Luin of the refugees from Erebor bears the name \"Thorin's Hall\" in his honour. In the Extended Edition of \"\" (2001) Gandalf briefly mentions Thorin as the one who gave the \"mithril\" shirt to Bilbo as a gift. In the three-film adaptation of \"The Hobbit\" (2012–2014), Thorin is portrayed by Richard Armitage. The film adaptation adds to Thorin's quest a personal vendetta against the orc Azog, who murdered Thorin's grandfather, Thrór. Thorin and Azog face each other once again following the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "686613", "score": "1.1120086", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Thorin Oakenshield", "text": "presence would be a small price to pay for Gandalf's help. Tolkien adopted Thorin's name from the Old Norse poem \"Völuspá\", part of the \"Poetic Edda\". The name \"Thorin\" (\"Þorinn\") appears in stanza 12, where it is used for a dwarf, and the name \"Oakenshield\" (\"Eikinskjaldi\") in stanza 13. The names also appear in Snorri Sturluson's \"Prose Edda\". The Norse \"Þorinn\" means \"darer\" or \"bold one\", which is apt for the dwarf who initiated the quest of Erebor. As he was by right of birth the king of Erebor following the death of his father Thráin, he was King under", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "686611", "score": "1.1039375", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "and the greater part of his folk left Erebor, the Kingdom under the Mountain, and founded a new realm in the Ered Mithrin (Grey Mountains). There he saw the birth of his grandson. After leaving Erebor he had remained King of Durin's folk; upon his death his son, Glóin, succeeded to this kingship and the realm of Ered Mithrin. Glóin ( – 2385) was a King of Durin's folk. He was born in Erebor the son of Thorin I. In 2190 his father became King. Shortly thereafter they moved to the Ered Mithrin (Grey Mountains), where he remained the rest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166103", "score": "1.0909603", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "brothers. Óin ( – 2994), elder son of Gróin, was one of the twelve companions of Thorin and Bilbo on the Quest of Erebor. He and his younger brother Glóin were both born during the wanderings of their people, which followed the sack of Erebor. In 2802 they and their family settled in the Ered Luin (Blue Mountains). Nearly forty years later the two brothers joined the Quest of Erebor; they were counted on to start the campfires, though the brothers bickered over the task. Óin wears a brown hood. As the result of the Quest, he received a share", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166087", "score": "1.0841866", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Balin (Middle-earth)", "text": "Erebor, Balin fears that Thorin might succumb to the same dragon-sickness as his grandfather, and he is seen weeping openly when his fears come true. When Bilbo departs after the Battle of the Five Armies, Balin personally bids him farewell. Balin (Middle-earth) Balin is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. He is an important supporting character in \"The Hobbit\", and is mentioned in \"The Fellowship of the Ring\". Balin is the only dwarf of Thorin's company whose name does not come directly from the Old Norse poem \"Völuspá\", part of the \"Poetic Edda\". The name does appear", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3387337", "score": "1.0830747", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "Thorin and Bilbo on the Quest of Erebor. Like other members of the company, his name comes directly from the Old Norse poem \"Völuspá\", part of the \"Poetic Edda\"; see also wikt:Bífurr. The forefathers of Bifur and his cousins Bofur and Bombur, who unlike the rest of Thorin's company are not of the royal line of Durin, come from Moria. Bifur was fond of raspberry jam and apple-tart at the unexpected party in Bag End, where he wore a yellow hood and played the clarinet. He gave the trolls quite a fight before getting sacked and helped trying to rescue", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166047", "score": "1.0683141", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "of his life. In 2289 he succeeded his father as the King. He expanded the mines of the Ered Mithrin, and further abandoned Erebor. His son Óin was born in the Grey Mountains, and his grandson was born there during his reign. On his death he was succeeded by Óin. Óin ( – 2488), son of Glóin, was a King of Durin's folk. He succeeded his father as King in 2385. He spent his whole life in the Ered Mithrin (Grey Mountains): there he was born, ruled and died; there his son (Náin II) was born, and he lived to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166104", "score": "1.0528036", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Balin (Middle-earth)", "text": "battle, as king Thror is dead and Thráin missing, Balin accepts Thorin as the new king, and acts throughout the films as his most trusted advisor. Balin is initially skeptical of Bilbo's competence as a burglar. He attempts to talk Thorin out of pursuing the Quest of Erebor, but follows him without question when Thorin makes his decision clear. Balin signs Bilbo's contract as a witness and later tells him the story of Azog and how Thorin acquired the epithet \"Oakenshield\", and later explains to Bilbo the significance of the Arkenstone. When the company arrive at the hidden door of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3387336", "score": "1.0437734", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Thorin Oakenshield", "text": "Thorin Oakenshield Thorin II Oakenshield, son of Thráin, son of Thrór, King under the Mountain is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's 1937 novel \"The Hobbit\". Thorin is the leader of the Company of Dwarves who aim to reclaim the Lonely Mountain from Smaug the dragon. He is the son of Thráin II, grandson of Thrór, and becomes King of Durin's Folk during their exile from Erebor. Thorin's background is further elaborated in Appendix A of Tolkien's 1955 novel \"The Return of the King\". Thorin is described as haughty, stern, and officious. He sings and plays the harp,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "686601", "score": "1.0392408", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "of the fabulous hoard of Erebor. He lived in Erebor for forty-seven years, until he joined Balin's expedition to Moria. There, as recorded in the Book of Mazarbul, he was killed by the Watcher in the Water while trying to escape via Moria's Western Door. In Peter Jackson's movie \"\", Óin is played by John Callen. He wields a staff and uses an ear trumpet. In addition to his skill at lighting fires, Óin is the group's healer. Ori was one of the twelve companions of Thorin and Bilbo on the Quest of Erebor. He was of Durin's House, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166088", "score": "1.0250609", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Thorin Oakenshield", "text": "dwarves' escape from Goblin-Town, and Thorin sets out to kill Azog once and for all during the Battle of the Five Armies. After a prolonged fight, Thorin and Azog mortally wound each other, and Thorin dies in Bilbo's arms. Durin's Folk Thorin Oakenshield Thorin II Oakenshield, son of Thráin, son of Thrór, King under the Mountain is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's 1937 novel \"The Hobbit\". Thorin is the leader of the Company of Dwarves who aim to reclaim the Lonely Mountain from Smaug the dragon. He is the son of Thráin II, grandson of Thrór, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "686614", "score": "1.0129547", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "scalp tattoos and black beard, Dwalin is one of Thorin's fiercest warriors. In flashback, he is seen during the War of the Dwarves and Orcs fighting against Azog's Orcs at Moria, and after rallying their kin against the Orcs at the end of the third film, he is one of only three dwarves, along with Kili and Fili, who join Thorin to pursue Azog. He wields a war hammer and a pair of hand axes, which are named Grasper and Keeper. Fíli ( – 2941) was one of the twelve companions of Thorin and Bilbo on the Quest of Erebor.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166075", "score": "1.0039623", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "Thorin's grandfather was the last King under the Mountain. This discrepancy was noticed by readers, so in the second (1951) edition of \"The Hobbit\", Tolkien added a prefatory note, explaining that the Thrain referred to on the map was not Thorin's father or grandfather, but a distant ancestor, Thrain I. Thorin I ( – 2289) was a King of Durin's folk, and a King under the Mountain. He was born in Erebor, the son of King Thráin I; there also his son Glóin was born; and there too he succeeded his father, in T.A. 2190. However in T.A. 2210 Thorin", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166102", "score": "1.0030798", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "rising threat of Angmar. By the next year TA 3019 Dori has made his way back to Erebor, where he participates in the siege during the final days of the War of the Ring. Dwalin ( – Fourth Age 91/92) was one of the twelve companions of Thorin and Bilbo on the Quest of Erebor. He and his older brother, Balin, were the sons of Fundin, and thus of the royal line of Durin. Dwalin was born during the wanderings of his people, following the sack of Erebor. His father was killed in the Battle of Azanulbizar, and three years", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166071", "score": "1.0009972", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "siblings were born in Erebor while their grandfather Thrór was King under the Mountain. They escaped the sack of Erebor and went into wandering. Eventually she and her surviving family settled in the Ered Luin (Blue Mountains), where she was the mother of Fíli and Kíli. In 2941 both her sons joined her brother Thorin Oakenshield on the quest to regain Erebor. Dís was the only dwarf-woman ever named in the annals, in respect of the valiant deaths of her sons. Farin ( − 2803) was the son of Borin. He was born in the Ered Mithrin (Grey Mountains), during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166116", "score": "1.0004747", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "the Reunited Kingdom of King Elessar. During his rule, Gimli led a number of Dwarves south to Aglarond, where a new lordship was established, most likely a colony of Durin's Folk under the vassalage of the King of Erebor. Thorin III had a descendant, Durin VII the Last, who was held to be the final reincarnation of Durin the Deathless. Gimli ( − Fourth Age 100), the son of Glóin, of the royal line of Durin. He was chosen by Elrond to be one of the nine members of the Fellowship of the Ring. He remained with Aragorn and Legolas", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166113", "score": "1.000455", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "following 13 dwarves; their quest in \"The Hobbit\" is the main impetus of the plot of that story. Their quest, which occurred in , was joined by Bilbo Baggins (a hobbit) and occasionally by the wizard Gandalf. Thorin II Oakenshield ( – 2941) was the King of Durin's Folk who led the expedition to destroy Smaug in T.A. 2941 and was slain in the Battle of Five Armies. In Peter Jackson's \"The Hobbit\" film trilogy, Thorin is portrayed by Richard Armitage. Balin ( – 2994) was one of the twelve companions of Thorin and Bilbo Baggins on the Quest of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166044", "score": "0.99583554", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Thranduil", "text": "in the battle against the Orcs, before deciding to withdraw his forces when the defense of Dale results in many Elven casualties. This leads to a confrontation between him and Tauriel before she and Legolas go to aid Thorin at Ravenhill. The event causes a rift between Thranduil and his son, and in the aftermath of the battle Thranduil advises Legolas to seek out the Ranger known as Strider among the Dunedain. Thranduil also accepts Tauriel's love for Kili when he finds her mourning over the dwarf's death. Thranduil Thranduil is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "931643", "score": "0.9957594", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Erendis", "text": "Erendis Erendis (771–985) is the fictional wife of King Tar-Aldarion of Númenor in J. R. R. Tolkien's \"Unfinished Tales\" and, as such, the Queen Consort of Númenor. Erendis was beautiful, fell in love with Aldarion as a young maiden, and was approved by his parents as a suitable consort. Erendis married the seafarer Aldarion in 870. Some time before he had presented to her a white gem which she then used to wear in a fillet of silver. Because of this jewel she was later also called \"Tar-Elestirnë\" in Quenya, meaning \"Lady of the Star-brow\". When married, they disagreed about", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2170906", "score": "0.9947016", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Quest of Erebor", "text": "fantasy tale, the level of suspension of disbelief is already somewhat high and such matters do not require much explanation. \"The Lord of the Rings\", on the other hand, has a more serious tone, and so the additional information provided in \"The Quest of Erebor\" helps to explain the otherwise questionable motives of the characters in \"The Hobbit\". \"The Hobbit\"'s 2013 film adaptation, \"\", opens with the meeting between Gandalf and Thorin at The Prancing Pony. Elements of Gandalf's motivations and previous discussions with Thorin also find their way into \"\" as dialogue, particularly in the meeting held in Bilbo's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2897618", "score": "0.99169326", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "Fundin among them. He was thus revered in memory as a Burned Dwarf. Years later his sons Balin and Dwalin joined Thorin Oakenshield on the quest to regain Erebor. Gróin ( − 2923) was a Dwarf of the royal line of Durin. He and his elder brother Fundin were the sons of Farin, and were born in Erebor during the reign of King Thrór, their father's cousin. In 2770 Gróin and his family escaped the sack of Erebor and wandered Middle-earth. During that time his sons Óin and Glóin were born. From 2793 to 2799 he participated in the War", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166121", "score": "0.99134076", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Middle-earth wars and battles", "text": "Men to return to Dale to try to defend the women, children, and wounded now trapped in the city, leading to heavy street fighting. The Dwarf army under Dain is pushed back to the gates of Erebor, but then Thorin & Company burst through the gate and join the battle, rallying the Dwarves into a counter-charge that successfully stops the momentum of the Orc assault. Thorin then climbs Ravenhill to take out Azog, and in a protracted duel Thorin finally kills Azog while taking a mortal wound himself. His nephews, Fili and Kili, have also been killed, by Azog and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12022857", "score": "0.990897", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "− 2799) was the second of the three children of Thráin II: he had an older brother, Thorin Oakenshield, and a younger sister, Dís. All three were born in Erebor while their grandfather Thrór was King under the Mountain. When Erebor was sacked they survived, and went with their people into wandering. However Frerin perished when he was still young by Dwarf standards: he joined in the Battle of Azanulbizar, the climactic battle of the War of the Dwarves and Orcs, and was killed beneath the East-gate of Moria. Frerin was revered in memory as a Burned Dwarf. Frór (", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166118", "score": "0.98768014", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "Erebor. He wore a scarlet hood. He and his younger brother, Dwalin, were the sons of Fundin, and thus of the royal line of Durin. In the course of the Quest, Balin was the Dwarf who developed the closest friendship with Bilbo. Many years after the death of Smaug, Balin led an expedition to recolonize Khazad-dûm. Although the colony began well, Balin was slain after only a few years, shot by Orcs as he looked into Kheled-zâram. Twenty-four years later his tomb and the Book of Mazarbul that told of his expedition and death were discovered by the Fellowship of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166045", "score": "0.98667467", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Balin (Middle-earth)", "text": "house at the beginning of \"The Hobbit\", preceded by his brother Dwalin, Balin is part of the company assembled by Thorin to kill the dragon Smaug and to retake the mountain kingdom of Erebor. Like his brother Dwalin, he plays a viol. Other than Thorin, he is the only one explicitly said to have been at the Mountain prior to the coming of the dragon. According to Appendix A in \"The Return of the King\" he was 7 years old while Thorin was 24 on that day. Among the company of dwarves, Balin is the second-eldest after Thorin. Tolkien describes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3387330", "score": "0.9864606", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "The Quest of Erebor", "text": "such as openly confronting Smaug. Thorin objected to Bilbo's inclusion in the quest, and Gandalf had a difficult time convincing him. Thorin believed that Bilbo was incapable of helping their adventure and that Gandalf might be simply meddling in his affairs for his own reasons. After much debate, Gandalf managed to convince Thorin, aided by slight misunderstandings on Thorin's part which Gandalf was able to exploit, that Bilbo would be a worthy member. Additionally, Gandalf's show of loyalty to his friendship with the Hobbit appealed to Thorin's sensibilities (as Dwarves respect loyalty to friends), leading him to be at least", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2897616", "score": "0.9820047", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Ingeld", "text": "king Jorund, made him a tributary and took his daughter. The daughter gave birth to Haldan, but another woman became Frodo's legitimate wife and gave him Ingjaldus. Together with one of his earls, Swerting, Jorund conspired against Frodo and killed him during the blót. Haldan has a queen named Sigrith with whom he has three children: the sons Roas (Hroðgar) and Helgo (Halga) and the daughter Signy. Ingjaldus is jealous with his half-brother and so he attacks and kills Haldan, whereupon he marries Sigrith. Ingjaldus and Sigrith have two sons named Rærecus and Frodo. Ingjaldus, who is worried that his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8761791", "score": "0.98195285", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Middle-earth objects", "text": "from the Misty Mountains, the Battle of Five Armies ensued, and Thorin was killed. When Thorin was buried deep under Erebor, Bard placed the Arkenstone on Thorin's breast. Tolkien took the name from Old English \"earcanstān\" (also spelled \"eorcanstān\", \"eorcnanstān\", etc.) or Old Norse \"jarknasteinn\", meaning \"precious stone\". The word appears in several Old English poems; for example, \"The Ruin\" tells how a warrior long ago In the , the Arkenstone is portrayed as a round glowing gem, similar to a luminous white opal. The gem was inserted into Thrór's throne, and the king viewed it as a symbol of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11833650", "score": "0.9799216", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Middle-earth dwarf characters", "text": "born in Erebor when Thrór (their father's cousin) was King under the Mountain. Fundin survived the sack of Erebor together with his seven-year-old son Balin, and they went wandering with their people. His younger son Dwalin was born during this time. Fundin fought in the War of the Dwarves and Orcs, which began in 2793. He was killed beneath the East Gate of Moria in the climactic Battle of Azanulbizar. In the aftermath of the battle, all the bodies of those who fell were stripped of their armour and weaponry by their kinsmen, and were cremated upon pyres of wood,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13166120", "score": "0.9781624", "original_retrieval_index": 42 } ]

{ "title": "Thorin Oakenshield", "long_answer": "When Thorin died, he was buried with the Arkenstone, and Orcrist was returned and laid upon his tomb. The blade would glow blue should Orcs approach, and they could thus not take the Mountain by surprise. Thorin was succeeded as leader of Durin's Folk by his cousin Dáin.", "chunked_long_answer": "When Thorin died, he was buried with the Arkenstone, and Orcrist was returned and laid upon his tomb. The blade would glow blue should Orcs approach, and they could thus not take the Mountain by surprise. Thorin was succeeded as leader of Durin's Folk by his cousin Dáin.", "short_answers": [ "Dáin", "his cousin Dáin" ] }

[ "South Carolina Gamecocks", "South Carolina" ]

[ { "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament", "text": "The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament was played from Friday, March 17 to Sunday, April 2, 2017, with the Final Four played at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas on March 31 and April 2. This was the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Dallas and the first time since 2002 that the Final Four games were played on Friday and Sunday, rather than Sunday and Tuesday. South Carolina defeated Mississippi State to win the championship.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship", "text": "3. Florida - 197.7000 4. UCLA - 197.2625 5. Utah - 196.5875 6. Alabama - 196.0000 1. Alex McMurtry (Florida) - 39.8125 2. MyKayla Skinner (Utah) - 39.6125 3. Kiana Winston (Alabama) - 39.6000 Vault: Kennedi Edney (LSU) - 9.9875 Uneven bars: Katie Bailey (Alabama), Sarah Finnegan (LSU), Nichole Lehrmann (Oklahoma), Alex McMurtry (Florida), Maggie Nichols (Oklahoma), Kyla Ross (UCLA) - 9.950 Balance beam: Kyla Ross (UCLA) - 9.9625 Floor exercise: Ashleigh Gnat (LSU), MyKayla Skinner (Utah) - 9.9625 2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship The 2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships were held April 14–15, 2017, at the Chaifetz Arena in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20119877", "score": "1.0468782", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship", "text": "2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship The 2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships were held April 20–21, 2018, at the Chaifetz Arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The UCLA Bruins were the team Champions with a total of 198.075 points. The twelve teams invited were Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, LSU, Nebraska, Oklahoma, UCLA, Utah, and Washington. 1. UCLA - 198.0750 2. Oklahoma - 198.0375 3. Florida - 197.8500 4. LSU - 197.8375 5. Utah - 196.9000 6. Nebraska - 196.8000 1. Maggie Nichols (Oklahoma) - 39.8125 2. Mykayla Skinner (Utah) - 39.725 3. Elizabeth Price (Stanford) - 39.675 Vault: Brenna Dowell", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20685497", "score": "1.0264521", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship", "text": "2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship The 2017 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships were held April 14–15, 2017, at the Chaifetz Arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The Super Six finals were held on April 15. Oklahoma scored an NCAA championship record 198.3875 to win their second consecutive national title. The Sooners had the highest team scores on vault, uneven bars, and floor exercise. They were led by Maggie Nichols, who had the highest score of the day on vault and tied for the highest scores on balance beam, with a 10, and floor exercise. 1. Oklahoma - 198.3875 2. LSU - 197.7375", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20119876", "score": "1.011468", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship", "text": "(Oklahoma), Mykayla Skinner (Utah), Alex McMurtry (Florida) - 9.9375 Uneven bars: Maggie Nichols (Oklahoma), Elizabeth Price (Stanford) - 10.00 Balance beam: Christine Peng-Peng Lee (UCLA) - 9.9875 Floor exercise: Katelyn Ohashi (UCLA), Maggie Nichols (Oklahoma) - 9.9625 2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship The 2018 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championships were held April 20–21, 2018, at the Chaifetz Arena in St. Louis, Missouri. The UCLA Bruins were the team Champions with a total of 198.075 points. The twelve teams invited were Alabama, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, LSU, Nebraska, Oklahoma, UCLA, Utah, and Washington. 1. UCLA - 198.0750 2. Oklahoma - 198.0375", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20685498", "score": "0.99983037", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game", "text": "Amin gave the play-by-play, with Kara Lawson and Rebecca Lobo as the color analysts, and Holly Rowe as the sideline reporter. Maria Taylor, Lobo, Nell Fortner and Andy Landers provided studio coverage. 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 1, 2018, at the Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs to win their second national championship. The game was won on a made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20639579", "score": "0.9794576", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament", "text": "2018 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament (also known as the 2018 Women's College Cup) will be the 37th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semifinals and championship game will be played at WakeMed Soccer Park in Cary, North Carolina from November 30 – December 2, 2018 while the preceding rounds will be played at various sites across the country during November 2018. All Division I women's soccer programs are eligible to qualify for the tournament. 28 teams will receive automatic bids", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20964519", "score": "0.9753316", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament", "text": "2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament (semi-finals and final also known as the 2017 Women's College Cup) was the 36th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semi-finals and championship game were played at Orlando City Stadium in Orlando, Florida on December 1 and 3, 2017, while the preceding rounds were played at various sites across the country during November 2017. The Stanford Cardinal were tournament champions, winning the final 3–2 over the UCLA Bruins. All Division I women's soccer programs were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20409088", "score": "0.97169405", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships", "text": "2017 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships The 2017 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships will be the men's and women's tennis tournaments played concurrently from May 18 to May 29, 2017 in Athens, Georgia at the Dan Magill Tennis Complex on the campus of the University of Georgia. It will be the 72nd edition of the NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championship* and the 36th edition of the NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championship.* It will be the 12th time that the men's and women's tournaments were held at the same venue. It will consist of a men's and women's team,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18784422", "score": "0.9693887", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game", "text": "2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game was the final game of the 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The game was played on April 1, 2018, at the Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish defeated the Mississippi State Bulldogs to win their second national championship. The game was won on a made basket by Arike Ogunbowale with 0.1 seconds left on the clock—she made a similar shot with 1.0 second in the semifinal to defeat Connecticut, earning Notre Dame a berth in the championship.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20639572", "score": "0.9675679", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship", "text": "2017 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship is the 36th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of Division I NCAA women's college lacrosse. The semifinal and championship rounds will be played at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts from May 26–28, 2017. All other rounds were played at campus sites, usually at the home field of the higher-seeded team, from May 12–21. All NCAA Division I women's lacrosse programs were eligible for this championship, and a total of 26 teams were invited to participate. 13 teams qualified automatically by winning their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20150541", "score": "0.96752167", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Championship Game", "text": "season to torn ACLs. Brianna Turner, an All-American forward in 2016–17, suffered the injury in the 2017 NCAA tournament and missed the entire season. Senior guard Mychael Johnson was lost in a preseason practice, freshman center Mikayla Vaughn after six games, and starting senior point guard Lili Thompson was lost on New Year's Eve. Before the title game, McGraw told media, \"I didn't think we'd have more ACL tears than losses. I think it's just an amazing accomplishment for this team and the resilience they've shown all year.\" The Championship Game was televised in the United States by ESPN. Adam", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20639578", "score": "0.96465117", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships", "text": "of 49.80 was an NCAA meet record, however, the relay was disqualified. Meanwhile, Greg Meehan of Stanford was awarded the 2017 CSCAA Division 1 Women's Coach of the Year. He led the Cardinal to a spectacular win, including individual wins from Simone Manuel, Katie Ledecky, and Ella Eastin. 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Swimming and Diving Championships were contested March 16–18, 2017 at the 36th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of Division I women's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States. This", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20022530", "score": "0.95961", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament", "text": "Rankings\" \"Rankings from United Soccer Coaches Final Regular Season Rankings\" 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament (also known as the 2018 Women's College Cup) will be the 37th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semifinals and championship game will be played at WakeMed Soccer Park in Cary, North Carolina from November 30 – December 2, 2018 while the preceding rounds will be played at various sites across the country during November 2018. All Division I women's soccer programs are eligible to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20964521", "score": "0.95266896", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships", "text": "2017 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships The 2017 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships was the 79th annual NCAA Men's Division I Cross Country Championship and the 37th annual NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship to determine the team and individual national champions of NCAA Division I men's and women's collegiate cross country running in the United States. In all, four different titles will be contested: men's and women's individual and team championships. Held on November 18, 2017, the combined meet was hosted by the University of Louisville at E. P. \"Tom\" Sawyer State Park in Louisville, Kentucky.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19869947", "score": "0.9502764", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Megan Courtney", "text": "Titles. In 2014, she earned NCAA Tournament Most Outstanding Player honors after she recorded career-high 23 kills and 16 digs in the national semifinals win over Stanford. She had 11 kills and 14 digs in the NCAA Championship win over BYU. In 2016, she signed her first professional contract at Leonas de Ponce in the Liga de Voleibol Superior Femenino. In the summer of 2016 also made her debut in the US national team. In 2017, she won the 2017 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup gold medal, and the bronze medal at the 2017 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix. In the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20585557", "score": "0.94794655", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship", "text": "2018 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Lacrosse Championship is the 37th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of Division I NCAA women's college lacrosse. The semifinal and championship rounds will be played at Kenneth P. LaValle Stadium in Stony Brook, New York from May 25-27, 2018. All other rounds were played at campus sites, usually at the home field of the higher-seeded team, from May 11–20. All NCAA Division I women's lacrosse programs were eligible for this championship, and a total of 27 teams were invited to participate. 14 teams qualified", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20706755", "score": "0.9378424", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships", "text": "was awarded the 2018 CSCAA Division 1 Women's Coach of the Year for the second year, coaching Simone Manuel, Ella Eastin, Katie Ledecky, and Ally Howe to individual wins. 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships The 2018 NCAA Women's Division I Swimming and Diving Championships were contested March 14-17, 2018 at the 37th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of Division I women's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States. This year's events were hosted by Ohio State University at the McCorkle Aquatic Pavilion in Columbus, Ohio. Stanford went back-to-back", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20616490", "score": "0.9347334", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "2017 NCAA Division I women's soccer season", "text": "2017 NCAA Division I women's soccer season The 2017 NCAA Division I women's soccer season is the 36th season of NCAA women's college soccer. The USC Trojans are the defending national champions. Three schools joined new conferences this season. Two moved their entire athletic programs to new conferences, and a third began play in its current all-sports league. While no Division I schools added women's soccer programs for 2017, two NCAA Division II members that sponsor women's soccer announced during the 2016–17 offseason that they would upgrade their athletic programs to Division I effective in 2018. The 2017 season is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19964154", "score": "0.93115973", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships", "text": "2017 NCAA Division I Women's Swimming and Diving Championships The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Swimming and Diving Championships were contested March 16–18, 2017 at the 36th annual NCAA-sanctioned swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of Division I women's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States. This year's events were hosted by Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis at the Indiana University Natatorium in Indianapolis, Indiana. Stanford had a dominating performance to win their first NCAA title since 1998, and their ninth overall (the most of any college swim team). They finished 160.5 points ahead", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20022528", "score": "0.9303596", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships", "text": "The distance for the men's race was 10 kilometers (6.21 miles) while the distance for the women's race was 6 kilometers (3.73 miles). 2017 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships The 2017 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships was the 79th annual NCAA Men's Division I Cross Country Championship and the 37th annual NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship to determine the team and individual national champions of NCAA Division I men's and women's collegiate cross country running in the United States. In all, four different titles will be contested: men's and women's individual and team championships. Held on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19869948", "score": "0.9292528", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "2017 NCAA Division I women's soccer season", "text": "the last for one Division I school in its current conference: The tournament field will consist of 31 teams which have qualified by virtue of winning their conference's automatic berth as well as 33 teams chosen at-large by the NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Committee. The bracket will be announced on November 6. The tournament will begin with first-round matches played at campus sites on November 10. The tournament will conclude with the semifinals and finals played at Orlando City Stadium in Orlando, Florida on December 1 and 3. 2017 NCAA Division I women's soccer season The 2017 NCAA Division", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19964155", "score": "0.9259634", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "NCAA Women's Division II Cross Country Championship", "text": "NCAA Women's Division II Cross Country Championship The NCAA Women's Division II Cross Country Championship is an annual cross country meet to decide the team and individual national champions of women's intercollegiate cross country running in the United States. It has been held every November since the NCAA began sponsoring women's sports in 1981. It is usually held at the same location as the NCAA Men's Division II Cross Country Championship. The defending national teams champions are the Grand Valley State Lakers, who won their sixth national title in 2018. The Lakers' Sarah Berger is the reigning individual champion, with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17402771", "score": "0.9230066", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "University of Washington", "text": "medals. In 1997, the women's team won the NCAA championship. The Husky men are the 2015 national champions. Recent national champions include the softball team (2009), the men's rowing team (2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2009, 2007), NCAA Division I women's cross country team (2008), and the women's volleyball team (2005). Individually, Scott Roth was the 2011 NCAA men's Outdoor Pole Vault and 2011 & 2010 NCAA men's Indoor Pole Vault champion. James Lepp was the 2005 NCAA men's golf champion. Ryan Brown (men's 800 meters) and Amy Lia (women's 1500 meters) won individual titles at the 2006 NCAA Track", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "436117", "score": "0.9220873", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships", "text": "Taylor put the athletes in reach of the NCAA meet record, and soon Schweizer, Taylor, Notre Dame's Anna Rohrer, University of Kansas junior Sharon Lokedi from Kenya, and former NCAA 3000m steeplechase runner-up Alice Wright, from the University of New Mexico, led the race at times alternating the lead. In the end, Lokedi pulled strongly away from the field in the final lap to win in a new championship record time of 32:09.20, followed by University of Louisville freshman Dorcas Wasike, who moved up the field in the final stages to take second. Lokedi had qualified for six NCAA track", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20751799", "score": "0.9207678", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament", "text": "2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament began on March 16, 2018, and concluded with the national championship game on Sunday, April 1. The Final Four was played at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. This is the third time that the women's Final Four was played in Ohio after previously being held in Cincinnati in 1997 and Cleveland in 2007 and the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Columbus. For only the fourth time in the tournament’s 37-year history, all four of the number one seeds made it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19453424", "score": "0.92068666", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season", "text": "2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season The 2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season began on November 10, 2017 and ended with the Final Four title game at Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio on April 1, 2018. Practices officially began in September 29, 2017. Three schools joined new conferences for the 2017–18 season. In addition to the schools changing conferences, the 2017–18 season was the last for four schools in their then-current conferences: Four Division I women's teams played the 2017–18 season in temporary homes due to renovation of their current venues. A fifth is playing in a temporary", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20249620", "score": "0.9184196", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament", "text": "by defeating Virginia Union 93–77 to finish 37-0. Quarterfinals, semifinals and finals were hosted at Alumni Hall in Columbus, Ohio. 2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division II Women's Basketball Tournament involved 64 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the NCAA Division II women's college basketball national champion. It began on March 10, 2017, and concluded with the championship game on March 24, 2017. The first three rounds were hosted by top-seeded teams in regional play. The eight regional winners met for the quarterfinal and semifinals, better known as the \"Elite Eight\" and \"Final", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20081177", "score": "0.91778266", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament", "text": "Season Rankings\" <nowiki>*</nowiki> \"Host institution\" \"Rankings from United Soccer Coaches Final Regular Season Rankings\" <nowiki>*</nowiki> \"Host institution\" \"Rankings from United Soccer Coaches Final Regular Season Rankings\" \"Rankings from United Soccer Coaches Final Regular Season Rankings\" 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament (semi-finals and final also known as the 2017 Women's College Cup) was the 36th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of NCAA Division I women's collegiate soccer. The semi-finals and championship game were played at Orlando City Stadium in Orlando, Florida on December 1 and 3, 2017, while", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20409090", "score": "0.91680586", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "2018 U Sports Women's Basketball Championship", "text": "on the same day its women won the title in Regina. 2018 U Sports Men's Basketball Championship 2018 U Sports Women's Basketball Championship The 2018 U Sports Women's Final 8 Basketball Tournament was held March 8–11, 2018, in Regina, Saskatchewan. It was hosted by the University of Regina which had previously hosted the tournament in 1979, 2009, and 2013. The top-seeded and undefeated Carleton Ravens won their first Bronze Baby championship in program history, defeating the sixth-seeded Saskatchewan Huskies. Besides the accomplishment in itself, the win buoyed Carleton's basketball program, whose men's team had failed to appear in the final", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20040076", "score": "0.9142823", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament", "long_answer": "The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament was played from Friday, March 17 to Sunday, April 2, 2017, with the Final Four played at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas on March 31 and April 2. This was the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Dallas and the first time since 2002 that the Final Four games were played on Friday and Sunday, rather than Sunday and Tuesday. South Carolina defeated Mississippi State to win the championship.", "chunked_long_answer": "The 2017 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament was played from Friday, March 17 to Sunday, April 2, 2017, with the Final Four played at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas on March 31 and April 2. This was the first time that the women's Final Four was played in Dallas and the first time since 2002 that the Final Four games were played on Friday and Sunday, rather than Sunday and Tuesday. South Carolina defeated Mississippi State to win the championship.", "short_answers": [ "South Carolina" ] }

[ "Germany", "Austria-Hungary" ]

[ { "title": "United States in World War I", "text": "In 1917, with Russia experiencing political upheaval following widespread disillusionment there over the war, and with Britain and France low on credit, Germany appeared to have the upper hand in Europe, while the Ottoman Empire clung to its possessions in the Middle East. In the same year, Germany decided to resume unrestricted submarine warfare against any vessel approaching British waters; this attempt to starve Britain into surrender was balanced against the knowledge that it would almost certainly bring the United States into the war. Germany also made a secret offer to help Mexico regain territories lost in the Mexican–American War in an encoded telegram known as the Zimmermann Telegram, which was intercepted by British Intelligence. Publication of that communique outraged Americans just as German U-boats started sinking American merchant ships in the North Atlantic. Wilson then asked Congress for \"a war to end all wars\" that would \"make the world safe for democracy\", and Congress voted to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917. On December 7, 1917, the U.S. declared war on Austria-Hungary. ", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Military history of the United States during World War II", "text": "Soviet Union as well as Britain and China. Prior to America's entry into World War II in December 1941, individual Americans volunteered to fight against the Axis powers in other nations' armed forces. Although under American law, it was illegal for United States citizens to join the armed forces of foreign nations and in doing so, they lost their citizenship, many American volunteers changed their nationality to Canadian. However Congress passed a blanket pardon in 1944. American mercenary Colonel Charles Sweeny living in London began recruiting American citizens to fight as a U.S. volunteer detachment in the French Air force,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7529832", "score": "0.84970254", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "World War II in popular culture", "text": "war has also influenced footballing (soccer) rivalries. Most notably, the subject of World War II is used as chants by fans of the English football team. One such chant is \"2 World Wars and 1 World Cup, do dah, do dah.\" Campaigns, battles and so on have been commemorated throughout the 20th century and into the 21st century, mostly by veterans of the war and people that lived through it. In 2004 the commemoration of the D-Day landings took place which included, for the first time, German veterans of the war. Later that year, the commemoration of the campaigns in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12754370", "score": "0.8330642", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Cross of Sacrifice", "text": "buglers from the 3rd Cavalry Regiment. President Coolidge was in attendance and an address was given by Dwight F. Davis, the Secretary of War. The inscription on the high gray granite cross is to \"Citizens of the United States who served in the Canadian Army and gave their lives in the Great War\". After the Second World War and the Korean War, similar inscriptions on other faces of the monument were dedicated to the Americans who served in those conflicts. A Cross of Sacrifice has been erected in a number of cemeteries and other places which are not Commonwealth war", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5565046", "score": "0.8280347", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?", "text": "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War? \"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\" was a British recruitment poster from 1915. It was released by the Parliamentary Recruiting Committee. A war recruitment poster from the First World War shows a daughter posing a question to her father, \"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\" There was an extensive recruitment campaign in Great Britain during World War I. Recruitment for World War I was different from prior wars, which had been fought by the regular (professional) army. Samuel Hynes writes that the war was fought", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13686288", "score": "0.8175209", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Military history of the United States during World War II", "text": "U.S. military to replace the British invasion forces in Iceland. In the Pacific Theater, there was unofficial early U.S. combat activity such as the Flying Tigers. During the war, over 16 million Americans served in the United States Armed Forces, with 405,399 killed in action and 671,278 wounded. There were also 130,201 American prisoners of war, of whom 116,129 returned home after the war. Key civilian advisors to President Roosevelt included Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, who mobilized the nation's industries and induction centers to supply the Army, commanded by General George Marshall and the Army Air Forces under", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7529825", "score": "0.8125553", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "A Letter from Ulster", "text": "artillery shell of US Forces in the European Theatre of War in the Sperrins. The men we see went on to fight in some of the bloodiest battles of World War 2 including Anzio and Monte Cassino. The film also captures the cartoonist Bruce Bairnsfather (creator of 'Old Bill' during WW1) in a brief cameo whilst he was attached to the US Army. His work subsequently appears in the book of cartoons Jeeps and Jests which includes a cartoon of Brian Desmond Hurst filming A Letter From Ulster. In September 2011 Brian Desmond Hurst's relative and biographer Allan Esler Smith", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14689650", "score": "0.80922395", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Fighters against Nazis Medal", "text": "who during World War II was engaged in the military campaign against the Nazi oppressors and their supporters and fought them in one of the Allies armed forces, including the English brigade, as a partisan or as an underground movement member during the set period of time which is between 1/9/1939 and the 1/9/1945, as specified by Yad Vashem regulation of 1968, and also based upon the \"status of the World War II veterans\" Act of 2000. If the person eligible for this award has passed away, a family member (a spouse, a son, a daughter, a father, a mother,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9401269", "score": "0.80379236", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "World War II Memorial Prayer Act of 2013", "text": "heritage and values.'\" The organizations argued that \"the memorial, as it currently stands, appropriately honors those who served and encompasses the entirety of the war\" and was carefully created, so no additional elements, such as FDR's prayer, need to be added. According to the organizations, \"the effect of this bill, however, is to co-opt religion for political purposes, which harms the beliefs of everyone.\" Simon Brown, of the Americans United for Separation of Church and State, said that \"American veterans - like those currently in the armed forces - come from many different religious traditions and some follow no spiritual", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18094179", "score": "0.79989433", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "We, Too, Have a Job to Do", "text": "World War II. The name of the painting, \"We, Too, Have a Job to Do\", comes from a slogan that the Boy Scouts of America used in 1942 to rally scouts to support the troops by collecting metal and planting victory gardens. The model, Bob Hamilton, won a contest with his local council in Albany, New York, to be depicted in the painting. He traveled to Rockwell's studio in Arlington, Vermont, to model for Rockwell. Since Hamilton was a scout, the uniform shown in the painting was his, unlike some of Rockwell's other models. Originally, he wore a turtle shell", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19234682", "score": "0.79864997", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Hispanic Americans in World War II", "text": "family from Laredo, Texas, each had six siblings who served in the military during the war. The Nevarez family, from Los Angeles, California, had a total of eight siblings serving in the armed forces. Seven brothers of the Medina family known as \"The fighting Medinas\", fought in the war. They came from Rio Grande, Puerto Rico and Brooklyn, New York. Some Hispanics in the entertainment business served in the United Service Organizations (USO), which provided entertainment to help troop morale. One notable USO entertainer was Desi Arnaz, the Cuban bandleader who starred opposite Lucille Ball in the television show \"I", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10669475", "score": "0.797732", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Ethnic minorities in the US armed forces during World War II", "text": "These soldiers and sailors were aware of this perceived double standard, and thus began the Double V campaign for a \"Double Victory\": a victory against National Socialism and Fascism abroad, and a victory against racism at home. The black soldiers fought for equal citizenship and better job opportunities. W.E.B. Du Bois declared that in order to win World War II, we must also win the “War for Racial Equality” at home. As the enlistment statistics below demonstrate, some men were drafted, others enlisted voluntarily. Ethnic minorities gave many patriotic reasons for wanting to participate in the War effort. For many,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7353144", "score": "0.7899953", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Ethnic minorities in the US armed forces during World War II", "text": "it was an exciting role and essential to identify with one's pride and courage. For some, fighting in the war was a way to prove their patriotism and honor their love for their country. Those who fight for this reason considered themselves Americans, independently of race, and thus felt obligated or proud to fight for their country. Others took a strategic approach, serving in the U.S. armed forces with the belief that once they returned as veterans the U.S. would have to do away with racial discrimination and segregation. Others still recognized the opportunity to achieve financial security for their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7353145", "score": "0.78977424", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "United States home front during World War II", "text": "World War II as a just war and about 90% served, although there were some conscientious objectors. The Mennonites and Brethren continued their pacifism, but the federal government was much less hostile than in the previous war. These churches helped their young men to both become conscientious objectors and to provide valuable service to the nation. Goshen College set up a training program for unpaid Civilian Public Service jobs. Although the young women pacifists were not liable to the draft, they volunteered for unpaid Civilian Public Service jobs to demonstrate their patriotism; many worked in mental hospitals. The Jehovah Witness", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7809495", "score": "0.78926116", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 20th Century Warfare", "text": "more broad, but individual members participated in the war effort in their own ways. Many members of the church served during World War II as members of the armed forces, and 45 different members served as chaplains during World War II. Many of them received awards for their service and acts during the war, including two who received Silver Stars, four who received Bronze Stars, and one who was awarded a Purple Heart. Members in countries other than the United States also participated in this conflict in vastly different ways. A particularly noteworthy example is that of Helmuth Hubener, a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20965709", "score": "0.7877837", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Missing in action", "text": "with such information as \"A Soldier of The Cameronians\" or \"An Australian Corporal\" etc. Where nothing is known other than the soldier's national allegiance, the headstone is inscribed \"A Soldier of The Great War\". The term \"Sailor\" or \"Airman\" can be substituted, as appropriate. There are many missing combatants and other persons in service from World War II. In the United States Armed Forces, 78,750 personnel missing in action had been reported by the end of the war, representing over 19 percent of the total of 405,399 killed during the conflict. As with MIAs from the First World War, it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2990530", "score": "0.78726006", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Hispanic Americans in World War II", "text": "the European-African Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with 2 Battle Stars, World War II Victory Medal, American Campaign Medal, Women's Army Corps Service Medal and the Army Good Conduct Medal. Mercedes O. Cubria, born in Guantanamo, Cuba, became a United States Citizen in 1924. She joined the WAC's in 1943 and served in the U.S. Counter Intelligence gathering information against the enemy. She retired in 1973 with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Other Hispanic servicewomen like Contreras and Cubria served either in the WAACs, WAVES or MCWR (Marine Corps Women's Reserve); among them Lieutenant Junior Grade Maria Rodriguez-Denton. The Navy assigned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10669447", "score": "0.78679293", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Our World War (TV series)", "text": "Our World War (TV series) Our World War is a British television drama series based on eyewitness accounts of the soldiers who served in the First World War. The series was inspired by the 2012 BAFTA-winning series \"Our War\". The series shows how the war affected people on the battlefield. Joe Barton, the writer of the series, based this drama on first hand accounts of what happened during the First World War. The series makes use of modern film techniques like fixed, body-mounted cameras and overhead battle scene animations, alongside a modern soundtrack featuring artists such as PJ Harvey, to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18207775", "score": "0.78624296", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "United States home front during World War II", "text": "Farmers demanded and were generally given occupational deferments (many volunteered anyway, but those who stayed at home lost postwar veteran's benefits.) Later in the war, in light of the tremendous amount of manpower that would be necessary for the invasion of France in 1944, many earlier deferment categories became draft eligible. The churches showed much less pacifism than in 1914. The Church of God, based in Anderson, Indiana, had a strong pacifist element, reaching a high point in the late 1930s. The Church regarded World War II as a just war because America was attacked. Likewise the Quakers generally regarded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7809494", "score": "0.7858387", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Military history of the United States during World War II", "text": "Congress on 8 December 1941. The motion passed with only one vote against it, in both chambers. Just three days later, on 11 December 1941 Adolf Hitler declared war on the United States, and had already remarked on the evening of the date of the Japanese attack that \"We can't lose the war at all. We now have an ally which has never been conquered in 3,000 years\". Within hours of Pearl Harbor Japanese air forces from Formosa destroyed much of the U.S. Far East Air Force, based near Manila. The Japanese army invaded and trapped the American and Filipino", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7529913", "score": "0.7854736", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Hamilton Fish III", "text": "his own World War I experiences and Roosevelt's Four Freedoms remarks in advocating for equal treatment of African Americans in the military: \"Fourteen millions of loyal Americans have the right to expect that in a war for the advancement of the 'Four Freedoms' their sons be given the same right as any other American to train, to serve, and to fight in combat units in defense of the United States in this greatest war in its history.\" The British Security Coordination focused a great deal of effort attempting to influence Congressmen through front groups, campaigning, and agents of influence. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1602304", "score": "0.7831457", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Ethnic minorities in the US armed forces during World War II", "text": "served in the armed forces of the United States. A number of them were decorated for their service, including Col. Ernest Dervishian, a native of Virginia, who was awarded the Medal of Honor. US Marine Harry Kizirian is considered the most decorated soldier of the state of Rhode Island. Another Marine Captain, Victor Maghakian is considered one of the most decorated American soldiers of the war. The highest-ranking Armenian-American during World War II was Brigadier General Haig Shekerjian (who had previously served in the Pancho Villa Expedition and as an American military attache in the Middle Eastern theater of World", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7353142", "score": "0.7817652", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Chinese American service in World War II", "text": "Chinese American WWII Veterans Recognition Project. The bill was passed in the Senate on September 12, 2018 and in the House on December 12, 2018. The bill is currently awaiting the signature of the President. Chinese American service in World War II It has been estimated that between 12,000 and 20,000 Chinese American men, representing up to 22 percent of the men in their portion of the U.S. population, served during World War II. Of those serving about 40 percent were not citizens, and unlike Japanese and Filipino Americans, 75 percent served in non-segregated units. Chinese Americans distinguished themselves from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20837324", "score": "0.78082645", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Yad La-Shiryon", "text": "of World War II, led by the United States, Great Britain and The Soviet Union. The monument is composed of a rock pile, on top of which the three main battle tanks that served in the armies of the Allied Forces on different fronts: a British Cromwell, an American Sherman, and the Soviet T-34. The monument is surrounded by the flags of 19 countries and organizations that actively participated in the struggle, including the flag of the Jewish Brigade, which fought within the ranks of the British army. It is being reconstructed as of December 2011. The museum includes several", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10190433", "score": "0.7800454", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Adelaide T. Crapsey", "text": "in the armed services from Newark. The letter explained why she cared so much about soldiers: \"A very young and beloved Uncle was in the Mexican War and killed in his first battle. My husband was in the Civil War. Two of my Sons were in the Spanish–American War and my youngest Son was in the World War.\" On March 7, 1948, the Rochester newspaper the \"Democrat and Chronicle\" reported that Mrs. Algernon S. Crapsey was ninety-three, that she had \"recently recovered from a hip injury, and that she would \"be at home to friends.\" The front page of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7606659", "score": "0.77777874", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "History of Germany during World War I", "text": "little men...have to stand there fighting against each other. Is that not a great stupidity?...If this were to be decided according to the number of votes, we would have been long home by now\"\" Hermann Baur, 1915. \"\"I have no idea what we are still fighting for anyway, maybe because the newspapers portray everything about the war in a false light which has nothing to do with the reality...There could be no greater misery in the enemy country and at home. The people who still support the war haven't got a clue about anything...If I stay alive, I will make", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7151533", "score": "0.77706826", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "History of Indiana", "text": "War II as a just war because America was attacked. Anti-Communist sentiment has since kept strong pacifism from developing in the Church of God. Likewise the Quakers, with a strong base near Richmond, generally regarded World War II as a just war and about 90% served, although there were some conscientious objectors. The Mennonites and Brethren continued their pacifism, but the federal government was much less hostile than before. The churches helped their young men to both become conscientious objectors and to provide valuable service to the nation. Goshen College set up a training program for unpaid Civilian Public Service", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9246809", "score": "0.7766496", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Hogs of War", "text": "at times speak a faux-German language with many references to sausage in hogs' names. The United States of America is represented by \"Uncle Ham's Hogs\" (after Uncle Sam), who wear light blue and campaign hats, as worn by the United States Expeditionary Forces during the Great War. They are mostly voiced in US Southern accents, typically portrayed as rednecks and country music singers. Russia is represented by \"Piggystroika\" (after Perestroika) who wear red and \"ushanka\" fur caps. Despite the First World War themes of the games, they are portrayed more like the post-war Soviet Union, using communist terms like \"comrade\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5382685", "score": "0.7755854", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Military history of Asian Americans", "text": "on to serve in the mainly Japanese American 442nd Infantry Regiment, and he was subsequently awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his actions at the Battle of Anzio. The only Korean American to be awarded that medal during the war, he also received a Silver Star and Purple Heart for actions earlier in the campaign. Fred Ohr, who initially enlisted as a trooper in the 116th Cavalry in 1938, became the only Korean American fighter ace of World War II, shooting down a total of six enemy aircraft and eventually rising to command the 52nd Fighter Group's 2d Fighter Squadron", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13804700", "score": "0.77418566", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Panthéon de la Guerre", "text": "US, Greece, Latin America, Serbia, Montenegro, Tsarist Russia, Romania and Japan) on the other. The figures were mostly men, but also some female nurses, nuns and spies, such as Edith Cavell, Louise de Bettignies and Émilienne Moreau. The work also depicted some French cuirassiers, goumiers (troops from Morocco), and veterans (\"péperes\"), and included a continuous topographical landscape depicting the battlefields of France and Belgium from the North Sea to Switzerland. A section comprising representatives from Asian nations, such as Chinese labourers employed behind the western front, was replaced by US figures when the US entered the war. While Czechoslovakia did", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18223883", "score": "0.7737605", "original_retrieval_index": 33 } ]

{ "title": "United States in World War I", "long_answer": "In 1917, with Russia experiencing political upheaval following widespread disillusionment there over the war, and with Britain and France low on credit, Germany appeared to have the upper hand in Europe, while the Ottoman Empire clung to its possessions in the Middle East. In the same year, Germany decided to resume unrestricted submarine warfare against any vessel approaching British waters; this attempt to starve Britain into surrender was balanced against the knowledge that it would almost certainly bring the United States into the war. Germany also made a secret offer to help Mexico regain territories lost in the Mexican–American War in an encoded telegram known as the Zimmermann Telegram, which was intercepted by British Intelligence. Publication of that communique outraged Americans just as German U-boats started sinking American merchant ships in the North Atlantic. Wilson then asked Congress for \"a war to end all wars\" that would \"make the world safe for democracy\", and Congress voted to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917. On December 7, 1917, the U.S. declared war on Austria-Hungary. U.S. troops began arriving on the Western Front in large numbers in 1918.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "In 1917, with Russia experiencing political upheaval following widespread disillusionment there over the war, and with Britain and France low on credit, Germany appeared to have the upper hand in Europe, while the Ottoman Empire clung to its possessions in the Middle East. In the same year, Germany decided to resume unrestricted submarine warfare against any vessel approaching British waters; this attempt to starve Britain into surrender was balanced against the knowledge that it would almost certainly bring the United States into the war. Germany also made a secret offer to help Mexico regain territories lost in the Mexican–American War in an encoded telegram known as the Zimmermann Telegram, which was intercepted by British Intelligence. Publication of that communique outraged Americans just as German U-boats started sinking American merchant ships in the North Atlantic. Wilson then asked Congress for \"a war to end all wars\" that would \"make the world safe for democracy\", and Congress voted to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917. On December 7, 1917, the U.S. declared war on Austria-Hungary. ", "short_answers": [ "Austria-Hungary", "Germany" ] }

[ "Acid rain", "\"Acid rain\"" ]

[ { "title": "Acid rain", "text": "Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Some governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere with positive results. Nitrogen oxides can also be produced naturally by lightning strikes, and sulfur dioxide is produced by volcanic eruptions. Acid rain has been shown to have adverse impacts on forests, freshwaters and soils, killing insect and aquatic life-forms, causing paint to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and weathering of stone buildings and statues as well as having impacts on human health.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Ice pellets", "text": "a solid mass unless mixed with freezing rain. The METAR code for ice pellets is PL (PE before November 1998). Ice pellets are known as sleet in the United States, the official term used by the U.S. National Weather Service. However, the term sleet refers to a mixture of rain and snow in most Commonwealth countries, including Canada. Because of this, Environment Canada never uses the term \"sleet\", and uses the terms \"ice pellets\" or \"wet snow\" instead. Ice pellets form when a layer of above-freezing air is located between above the ground, with sub-freezing air both above and below", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6943249", "score": "0.9723623", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Precipitation", "text": "tend to be larger than other rain drops. The METAR code for rain is RA, while the coding for rain showers is SHRA. Ice pellets or sleet are a form of precipitation consisting of small, translucent balls of ice. Ice pellets are usually (but not always) smaller than hailstones. They often bounce when they hit the ground, and generally do not freeze into a solid mass unless mixed with freezing rain. The METAR code for ice pellets is PL. Ice pellets form when a layer of above-freezing air exists with sub-freezing air both above and below. This causes the partial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1980812", "score": "0.9628153", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Acid rain", "text": "are acidic, and those with a pH greater than 7 are alkaline. \"Clean\" or unpolluted rain has an acidic pH, but usually no lower than 5.7, because carbon dioxide and water in the air react together to form carbonic acid, a weak acid according to the following reaction: Carbonic acid then can ionize in water forming low concentrations of carbonate and hydronium ions: However, unpolluted rain can also contain other chemicals which affect its pH (acidity level). A common example is nitric acid produced by electric discharge in the atmosphere such as lightning. Acid deposition as an environmental issue (discussed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "33460", "score": "0.952041", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Rain and snow mixed", "text": "Rain and snow mixed Rain and snow mixed is precipitation composed of rain and partially melted snow. Unlike ice pellets, which are hard, and freezing rain, which is fluid until striking an object, this precipitation is soft and translucent, but it contains some traces of ice crystals, from partially fused snowflakes. In any one location, it usually occurs briefly as a transition phase from rain to snow or vice versa. Its METAR code is RASN. This precipitation type is commonly known as sleet in most Commonwealth countries, including Canada. However, the United States National Weather Service uses the term sleet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12136180", "score": "0.9427696", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Rain", "text": "the Atlantic Ocean typically has a pH of 5.0–5.6; rain that comes across the continental from the west has a pH of 3.8–4.8; and local thunderstorms can have a pH as low as 2.0. Rain becomes acidic primarily due to the presence of two strong acids, sulfuric acid (HSO) and nitric acid (HNO). Sulfuric acid is derived from natural sources such as volcanoes, and wetlands (sulfate reducing bacteria); and anthropogenic sources such as the combustion of fossil fuels, and mining where HS is present. Nitric acid is produced by natural sources such as lightning, soil bacteria, and natural fires; while", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12381876", "score": "0.93577194", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Freezing rain", "text": "Freezing rain Freezing rain is the name given to rain precipitation maintained at temperatures below freezing by the ambient air mass that causes freezing on contact with surfaces. Unlike sleet, a mixture of rain and snow, ice pellets, or hail, freezing rain is made entirely of liquid droplets. The raindrops become supercooled while passing through a sub-freezing layer of air hundreds of meters above the ground, and then freeze upon impact with any surface they encounter, including the ground, trees, electrical wires, aircraft, and automobiles. The resulting ice, called glaze ice, can accumulate to a thickness of several centimeters and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1723405", "score": "0.9296279", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Precipitation", "text": "drizzle. Rain or drizzle that freezes on contact within a subfreezing air mass is called \"freezing rain\" or \"freezing drizzle\". Frozen forms of precipitation include snow, ice needles, ice pellets, hail, and graupel. The dew point is the temperature to which a parcel must be cooled in order to become saturated, and (unless super-saturation occurs) condenses to water. Water vapor normally begins to condense on condensation nuclei such as dust, ice, and salt in order to form clouds. An elevated portion of a frontal zone forces broad areas of lift, which form clouds decks such as altostratus or cirrostratus. Stratus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1980807", "score": "0.92830855", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Rain and snow mixed", "text": "to refer to ice pellets. This precipitation occurs when the temperature in the lowest part of the atmosphere is slightly above the freezing point of water The depth of low-level warm air (below the freezing level) needed to melt snow falling from above to rain varies from about and depends on the mass of the flakes and the lapse rate of the melting layer. Rain and snow typically mix when the melting layer depth falls between these values. Wintry showers is a somewhat informal meteorological term, used primarily in the United Kingdom, to refer to various mixtures of rain, graupel", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12136181", "score": "0.92454934", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Freezing rain", "text": "impact with a field below; all passengers and crew were killed. Freezing rain Freezing rain is the name given to rain precipitation maintained at temperatures below freezing by the ambient air mass that causes freezing on contact with surfaces. Unlike sleet, a mixture of rain and snow, ice pellets, or hail, freezing rain is made entirely of liquid droplets. The raindrops become supercooled while passing through a sub-freezing layer of air hundreds of meters above the ground, and then freeze upon impact with any surface they encounter, including the ground, trees, electrical wires, aircraft, and automobiles. The resulting ice, called", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1723418", "score": "0.9190355", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Basic precipitation", "text": "Basic precipitation Basic precipitation or Alkaline precipitation occurs when either calcium oxide or sodium hydroxide is emitted into the atmosphere, absorbed by water droplets in clouds, and then falls as rain, snow, or sleet. Precipitation containing these compounds can increase the pH of soil or bodies of water and lead to increased fungal growth. The principal cause of basic rain is emissions from factories and waste deposits. Mineral dust containing large amounts of alkaline compounds such as calcium carbonate can also increase the pH of precipitation and contribute to basic rain. Basic rain can be viewed as opposite to acid", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9158249", "score": "0.91757107", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Ice", "text": "a density about one quarter of that of pure ice. Hard rime is comparatively dense. Ice pellets are a form of precipitation consisting of small, translucent balls of ice. This form of precipitation is also referred to as \"sleet\" by the United States National Weather Service. (In British English \"sleet\" refers to a mixture of rain and snow). Ice pellets are usually smaller than hailstones. They often bounce when they hit the ground, and generally do not freeze into a solid mass unless mixed with freezing rain. The METAR code for ice pellets is \"PL\". Ice pellets form when a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "196601", "score": "0.91515386", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Severe weather", "text": "that has accumulated on a mountain, which causes the snow to rush downhill suddenly. Preceding an avalanche is a phenomenon known as an avalanche wind caused by the approaching avalanche itself, which adds to its destructive potential. Large amounts of snow which accumulate on top of man-made structures can lead to structural failure. During snowmelt, acidic precipitation which previously fell in the snow pack is released and harms marine life. Lake-effect snow is produced in the winter in the shape of one or more elongated bands. This occurs when cold winds move across long expanses of warmer lake water, providing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10356949", "score": "0.9075652", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Freezing rain", "text": "air at the surface within the region of high pressure. The warm air from the Gulf of Mexico is often the fuel for freezing precipitation. Freezing rain develops when falling snow encounters a layer of warm air aloft, typically around the 800 mbar (800 hPa) level, causing the snow to melt and become rain. As the rain continues to fall, it passes through a layer of subfreezing air just above the surface and cools to a temperature below freezing (). If this layer of subfreezing air is sufficiently deep, the raindrops may have time to freeze into ice pellets (sleet)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1723408", "score": "0.90687", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "National Emissions Standards Act", "text": "haze\" in national parks and wilderness areas. Acid precipitation comes in more forms than just rain. Snow, fog, mist, gas, and dust are also formed in the atmosphere and have the ability to become acid precipitation. These types of precipitation are formed when certain types of air pollutants mix with the moisture in the air to form an acid. Each type is potentially dangerous to humans' health, can cause haze and problems in the environment, and can cause damage to people's properties. The two main pollutants that cause acid precipitation are sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Power plants", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4363140", "score": "0.8885777", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Precipitation", "text": "other rain drops or ice crystals within a cloud. Short, intense periods of rain in scattered locations are called \"showers.\" Moisture that is lifted or otherwise forced to rise over a layer of sub-freezing air at the surface may be condensed into clouds and rain. This process is typically active when freezing rain occurs. A stationary front is often present near the area of freezing rain and serves as the foci for forcing and rising air. Provided necessary and sufficient atmospheric moisture content, the moisture within the rising air will condense into clouds, namely stratus and cumulonimbus. Eventually, the cloud", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1980802", "score": "0.88622636", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Acid rain", "text": "cloud droplets). Wet deposition of acids occurs when any form of precipitation (rain, snow, and so on.) removes acids from the atmosphere and delivers it to the Earth's surface. This can result from the deposition of acids produced in the raindrops (see aqueous phase chemistry above) or by the precipitation removing the acids either in clouds or below clouds. Wet removal of both gases and aerosols are both of importance for wet deposition. Acid deposition also occurs via dry deposition in the absence of precipitation. This can be responsible for as much as 20 to 60% of total acid deposition.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "33481", "score": "0.8858961", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Slush", "text": "Slush Slush, also called slush ice, is a slurry mixture of small ice crystals (e.g., snow) and liquid water. In the natural environment, slush forms when ice or snow melts. This often mixes with dirt and other materials, resulting in a gray or muddy brown color. Often, solid ice or snow can block the drainage of fluid water from slushy areas, so slush often goes through multiple freeze/thaw cycles before completely disappearing. In areas where road salt is used to clear roadways, slush forms at lower temperatures than it would ordinarily in salted areas. This can produce a number of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8057005", "score": "0.88150656", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Winter storm", "text": "but have not frozen. The ice crystal plows into the super-cooled droplets and they immediately freeze to it. This process forms \"graupel\", or snow pellets, as the droplet continues to accumulate on the crystal. The pellets bounce when they hit the ground. Out ahead of the passage of a warm front, falling snow may partially melt and refreeze into a frozen rain drop before it reaches the ground. These ice pellets are called \"sleet\" in most of the US. Because it is easily seen and does not accumulate ice, it is not as dangerous as freezing rain. \"Rime\" is a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1830247", "score": "0.87990624", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Ice storm", "text": "Ice storm The formation of ice begins with a layer of above-freezing air above a layer of sub-freezing temperatures closer to the surface. Frozen precipitation melts to rain while falling into the warm air layer, and then begins to refreeze in the cold layer below. If the precipitate refreezes while still in the air, it will land on the ground as sleet. Alternatively, the liquid droplets can continue to fall without freezing, passing through the cold air just above the surface. This thin layer of air then cools the rain to a temperature below freezing (). However, the drops themselves", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1659655", "score": "0.87774044", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Acid", "text": "Aqueous Arrhenius acids have characteristic properties which provide a practical description of an acid. Acids form aqueous solutions with a sour taste, can turn blue litmus red, and react with bases and certain metals (like calcium) to form salts. The word \"acid\" is derived from the Latin \"acidus/acēre\" meaning \"sour\". An aqueous solution of an acid has a pH less than 7 and is colloquially also referred to as 'acid' (as in 'dissolved in acid'), while the strict definition refers only to the solute. A lower pH means a higher acidity, and thus a higher concentration of positive hydrogen ions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8894", "score": "0.8701991", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Rain and snow mixed", "text": "United States it is usually used when air and ground temperatures are below . Additionally, it is generally used when some accumulation of ice and snow is expected to occur. During winter, a wide area can be affected by the multiple precipitation types typical of a wintry mix during a single winter storm, as counter-clockwise winds around a storm system bring warm air northwards ahead of the system, and then bring cold air back southwards behind it. Most often, it is the region ahead of the approaching storm system which sees the wintry mix, as warm air moves northward and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12136183", "score": "0.8667954", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Rain and snow mixed", "text": "and snow. Though no \"official\" criteria exist for the term, in the United Kingdom the term is not used when any significant accumulation of snow on the ground takes place. It is often used when the temperature of the ground surface is above , preventing accumulation from occurring even if the air temperature is marginally below ; but even then, the falling precipitation must generally be something other than exclusively snow. In the United States, wintry mix generally refers to a mixture of freezing rain, ice pellets, and snow. In contrast to the usage in the United Kingdom, in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12136182", "score": "0.8642076", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Dew point", "text": "At temperatures below the dew point, the rate of condensation will be greater than that of evaporation, forming more liquid water. The condensed water is called dew when it forms on a solid surface, or frost if it freezes. The condensed water is called either fog or a cloud, depending on its altitude, when it forms in the air. If the temperature is below the dew point, the vapor is called supersaturated. This can happen if there are not enough particles in the air to act as condensation nuclei. A high relative humidity implies that the dew point is closer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "656247", "score": "0.8608792", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Soil acidification", "text": "acid, humic acid, oxalic acid, and tannic acid) are liberated. This is especially acute in soils under coniferous trees such as pine, spruce and fir, which return fewer base cations to the soil than do most deciduous trees. Certain parent materials also contribute to soil acidification. Granites and their allied igneous rocks are called \"acidic\" because they have a lot of free quartz, which produces silicic acid on weathering. Also, they have relatively low amounts of calcium and magnesium. Some sedimentary rocks such as shale and coal are rich in sulfides, which, when hydrated and oxidized, produce sulfuric acid which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7375590", "score": "0.85959923", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Soil pH", "text": "Soil pH Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a soil. pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the activity of hydronium ions ( or, more precisely, ) in a solution. In soils, it is measured in a slurry of soil mixed with water (or a salt solution, such as 0.01 M ), and normally falls between 3 and 10, with 7 being neutral. Acid soils have a pH below 7 and alkaline soils have a pH above 7. Ultra-acidic soils (pH < 3.5) and very strongly alkaline soils (pH > 9)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1001724", "score": "0.85689425", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Winter storm", "text": "milky white accumulation of super-cooled cloud or fog droplets that freeze when they strike an object that has a temperature of , the freezing point of water. The process is called \"riming\" when super-cooled cloud droplets attach to ice crystals in the formation of graupel. Rime ice can pose a hazard to an airliner when it forms on a wing as an aircraft flies through a cloud of super-cooled droplets. Winter storm A winter storm is an event in which varieties of precipitation are formed that only occur at low temperatures, such as snow or sleet, or a rainstorm where", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1830248", "score": "0.8555671", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Precipitation types", "text": "the preceding adjective \"freezing\", becoming known as freezing rain or freezing drizzle. Frozen forms of precipitation include snow, ice needles, sleet, hail, and graupel. Their respective intensities are classified either by rate of fall, or by visibility restriction. Precipitation falls in many forms, or phases. They can be subdivided into: The parenthesized letters are the METAR codes for each phenomenon. Precipitation occurs when local air becomes saturated with water vapor, and can no longer maintain the level of water vapor in gaseous form. This occurs when less dense moist air cools, usually when an airmass rises through the atmosphere. However,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10131004", "score": "0.85504925", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Winter storm", "text": "Winter storm A winter storm is an event in which varieties of precipitation are formed that only occur at low temperatures, such as snow or sleet, or a rainstorm where ground temperatures are low enough to allow ice to form (i.e. freezing rain). In temperate continental climates, these storms are not necessarily restricted to the winter season, but may occur in the late autumn and early spring as well. Very rarely, they may form in summer, though it would have to be an abnormally cold summer, such as the summer of 1816 in the Northeastern United States. Snowstorms are storms", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1830234", "score": "0.8531164", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Freezing rain", "text": "cover all exposed surfaces. The METAR code for freezing rain is FZRA. A storm that produces a significant thickness of glaze ice from freezing rain is often referred to as an ice storm. Although these storms are not particularly violent, freezing rain is notorious for causing travel problems on roadways, breaking tree limbs, and downing power lines from the weight of accumulating ice. Downed power lines cause power outages in affected areas while accumulated ice can also pose significant overhead hazards. It is also known for being extremely dangerous to aircraft since the ice can effectively 'remould' the shape of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1723406", "score": "0.8528156", "original_retrieval_index": 41 } ]

{ "title": "Acid rain", "long_answer": "Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Some governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere with positive results. Nitrogen oxides can also be produced naturally by lightning strikes, and sulfur dioxide is produced by volcanic eruptions. Acid rain has been shown to have adverse impacts on forests, freshwaters and soils, killing insect and aquatic life-forms, causing paint to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and weathering of stone buildings and statues as well as having impacts on human health.", "chunked_long_answer": "Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Some governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere with positive results. Nitrogen oxides can also be produced naturally by lightning strikes, and sulfur dioxide is produced by volcanic eruptions. Acid rain has been shown to have adverse impacts on forests, freshwaters and soils, killing insect and aquatic life-forms, causing paint to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and weathering of stone buildings and statues as well as having impacts on human health.", "short_answers": [ "Acid rain" ] }

[ "Danny Elfman", "Chris Sarandon" ]

[ { "title": "Jack Skellington", "text": "Jack Skellington is a character and the main protagonist of the 1993 film The Nightmare Before Christmas. Jack is the \"Pumpkin King\" of Halloween Town, a fantasy world based solely on the Halloween holiday. Jack is voiced by Chris Sarandon. Danny Elfman provided Jack's singing voice in the film, although Sarandon has sung as Jack in subsequent productions.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Nightmare Before Christmas", "text": "undertaken an extensive marketing campaign of these characters across many media. Since 2001, Disneyland has held a seasonal \"Nightmare Before Christmas\" theme for its Haunted Mansion Holiday attraction. The attraction, an overlay of the park's Haunted Mansion, features characters, decorations and music from the film. In addition to Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party and Mickey's Halloween Party featuring the film's characters, Jack Skellington, Sally, Pajama Jack, and the Mayor have been made into Bendies figures, while Jack and Sally even appear in fine art. Moreover, Sally has been made into an action figure and a Halloween costume. A Jack Skellington figurine", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2418799", "score": "1.2368212", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Jack Skellington", "text": "The downloadable content can be bought from console stores (e.g. the PlayStation Store). The package included the costumes of which some could be found in the downloaded level. Unlike the worlds originally in the game which all had 3 chapters, the Nightmare Before Christmas world only had 1 chapter called 'Halloween Graveyard'. Jack Skellington appears in four installments of the \"Kingdom Hearts\" video game series. He inhabits the world of Halloween Town, where the evil Heartless threatens its denizens. The games' main protagonists, Sora, Donald Duck and Goofy, befriend Jack and together they battle the Heartless, and also Oogie Boogie.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3903227", "score": "1.2156883", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Jack Skellington", "text": "six feet tall and sold exclusively at Spirit Halloween. In the \"Disney Infinity\" toys-to-life series, Jack appears as part of the second wave of playable figurines. Jamie Frater adds, \"Jack is perfectly realized as the 'town hero' who seeks more in his life (or death, as it may be), a place we all find ourselves time to time.\" UGO Networks listed Jack as one of their best heroes of all time. Jack Skellington Jack Skellington is a character and the main protagonist of the 1993 film \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\". Jack is the \"Pumpkin King\" of Halloween Town, a fantasy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3903237", "score": "1.1846623", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Jack Skellington", "text": "his impulsiveness proves to be. He tends to be enthusiastic and inclusive, and his charisma is enough to sway every member of Halloween Town except Sally. His selfish decisions lead to the near destruction of Christmas and himself. The strength of Jack's character is demonstrated by his will to correct his own mistakes. The official film soundtrack CD contains an epilogue not in the film, stating that \"many years later\" Santa returned to Halloween Town to visit Jack, where he discovered that Jack had \"four or five skeleton children at hand\" who play together in a xylophone band. Jack Skellington", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3903224", "score": "1.1824567", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Santa Claus in film", "text": "Another recent devious mall Santa was played by Billy Bob Thornton in \"Bad Santa\" (2003), a film which gained normally family-friendly Disney \"bad press\". Tim Burton's stop-action animated musical film, \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\" (1993), depicts Jack Skellington, the Pumpkin King of Halloween Town, wanting to become Santa Claus after an accidental visit to Christmas Town. After the mostly well-meaning but clueless Halloween citizens capture Santa, they try to take over Christmas with disastrous results; the real Santa is almost killed by the Oogie Boogie Man. Santa is voiced here by Ed Ivory, and in the video game spin-offs, Corey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8095296", "score": "1.160366", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Vincent (1982 film)", "text": "of his life. The film was theatrically released for two weeks in one Los Angeles cinema with the teen drama \"Tex\". Before it was consigned to the Disney vaults, it garnered several critical accolades when it played at film festivals in London, Chicago and Seattle, winning two awards at Chicago and the Critics' Prize at the Annecy Film Festival in France. An early form of the character of Jack Skellington from \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\" can be seen in the upper-left corner of the screen from 1:18-1:25 as well as in front of the embodiment of his deceased wife from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4180679", "score": "1.1577325", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Nightmare Before Christmas", "text": "in common with Jack Skellington.\" Caroline Thompson still had yet to be hired to write the screenplay. With Thompson's screenplay, Selick stated, \"there are very few lines of dialogue that are Caroline's. She became busy on other films and we were constantly rewriting, re-configuring and developing the film visually.\" Selick and his team of animators began production in July 1991 in San Francisco, California with a crew of over 120 workers, utilizing 20 sound stages for filming. Joe Ranft was hired from Disney as a storyboard supervisor, while Eric Leighton was hired to supervise animation. At the peak of production,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2418788", "score": "1.1432261", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Nightmare Before Christmas", "text": "Jack Skellington, the Mayor, Oogie Boogie, and Doctor Finklestein. Each Starter Deck contains a rule book, a Pumpkin King card, a Pumpkin Points card, and a 48-card deck. The game has four card types: Characters, Locales, Creations, and Surprises. The Cards' rarities are separated into four categories: Common, Uncommon, Rare, Ultra Rare. Quixotic Games also developed \"The Nightmare Before Christmas Party Game\" that was released in 2007 by NECA. A collector's edition \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\"-themed Jenga game was issued with orange, purple and black blocks with Jack Skellington heads on them. The set comes in a coffin-shaped box instead", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2418810", "score": "1.1166116", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Skellington Productions", "text": "renamed the studio to Selick Projects. In September 1992, Tim Burton returned to Selick's studio, renamed it Skellington Productions, and sold it to Disney. The first film produced by Skellington Productions (which gave the company its namesake), \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\", was released theatrically in 1993 under Disney's Touchstone Pictures banner to a positive reception and a successful box office, becoming a sleeper hit. Since 2006, \"Nightmare\" has been released by Walt Disney Pictures and in Disney Digital 3-D format. The second and final film, \"James and the Giant Peach\", released to theaters in 1996. It was met with positive", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12501962", "score": "1.1073217", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Henric de la Cour", "text": "on electronica star Andreas Tilliander's album \"Show\". Then he lent his voice to Fireside member Per Nordmarks solo project 'Bad Hands'. He worked as a DJ and also played the part of Jack Skellington when \"A Nightmare Before Christmas\" was turned into a live musical. He released his self-titled debut album Henric de la Cour, released in Scandinavia on 19 October 2011 and rest of the world on 28 October 2011. He is appearing as the focus of a new documentary by Jacob Frössén be shown on the Swedish National Television SVT. Henric de la Cour Henric de la Cour", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16028917", "score": "1.1056203", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Jack Skellington", "text": "it was changed. At the beginning of the film, Jack makes his grand entrance by emerging out of a fire-breathing dragon-themed fountain. His last name is based on the word \"skeleton\". He has a ghost dog named Zero for a pet, who has a small glowing nose that looks like a jack-o'-lantern. He is adored by Sally, a rag doll created by Dr. Finklestein. The character is a popular design on bags, hats, clothing, umbrellas, belt buckles, pet collars and other items. Jack Skellington is the patron spirit of Halloween, portrayed as being on par with Santa Claus and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3903220", "score": "1.1055875", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Chris Sarandon", "text": "Sarandon also reprised his role as Jack Skellington for several Disneyland Halloween events and attractions including; \"Halloween Screams\", the \"Frightfully Fun Parade,\" and the Haunted Mansion Holiday, a three-month overlay of the Haunted Mansion, where Jack and his friends take control of a mansion in an attempt to introduce Christmas, much as his character did in the movie. Sarandon appeared in TV again with a recurring role as Dr. Burke on NBC's long-running medical drama \"ER\". In 1991 he performed on Broadway in the short-lived musical \"Nick & Nora\" (based on the movie \"The Thin Man\") with Joanna Gleason, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "90230", "score": "1.1026212", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Jack Skellington", "text": "In the \"Disney Infinity\" video game series, Jack appears as part of the second wave of playable characters. Two of the possible names of the Skeleton Merchant NPC are \"Jack \" and \"Skellington\". Also, two of the paintings in the game are titled \"Skellington J. Skellingsworth\" and \"Jacking Skeletron\". Jack appears as a meetable character at several Walt Disney Parks and Resorts including Disneyland, Hong Kong Disneyland, Disneyland Paris and Walt Disney World. At Disneyland during the holidays, Haunted Mansion is taken over by the cast of \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\" and is turned into Haunted Mansion Holiday. Jack and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3903235", "score": "1.093075", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Jack Skellington", "text": "finally realizing all of the gifts she had given to him were all from the heart and wishes to give her something in return. She tells him that the nicest present she could ever ask for is just to be with Jack. Jack responds telling her that she does not even have to ask for that, meaning Jack feels the same way for her. During a cut scene in the end credits, he is shown to be wearing his original suit, suggesting he has taken Santa's previous advice to heart completely, and apparently begins presenting new ideas for next Halloween.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3903234", "score": "1.0897684", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Jack Skellington", "text": "as he still longs to deliver Christmas presents and feels that it would be rude not to wear the suit Sally worked so hard on. Along with Sora and the gang, he helps defeat Doctor Finkelstein's experiment, who stole Christmas presents from Santa in search of a heart. As a reward for all his hard work and assistance, Santa brings Jack on a ride-along with him in his sleigh for a while. After Santa drops Jack off at Halloween Town, Jack learns the true meaning of Christmas by understanding the act of giving. He dances with Sally in the end,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3903233", "score": "1.0665002", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Jack Skellington", "text": "terrifying scarecrowish version of Roxas as his centerpiece for that Halloween. Following the film loosely to some degree, out of reference, Jack tries to take Santa Claus's place again. To that end, Jack asks Sora and gang to help him be Santa's bodyguards. But after fighting the Heartless and Oogie Boogie, who has been resurrected by Maleficent, Santa explains to Jack that they each have a job to do with their respective holidays. Despite this, he begins to wear a Santa suit Sally sewed together for him. In the second trip to Halloween Town, Jack still wears the Santa suit,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3903232", "score": "1.0653185", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Jack Skellington", "text": "it. The only one who understands Jack's feelings is a lonely ragdoll named Sally. She overhears his singing monologue and feels she can relate to his situation. Jack discovers Christmas Town and decides that this new experience is what his life was missing. He makes preparations for his own Christmas celebration in Halloween Town and wants to impersonate Santa Claus in the real world. While his intentions are not malicious, Jack does not understand the true spirit of Christmas. Halloween Town plans to give the holidays a macabre make-over. Sally reveals to Jack a bad premonition, but Jack's basic nature", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3903222", "score": "1.0646539", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Halloween Screams", "text": "opens with the overture from Tim Burton’s \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\", an instrumental medley of songs from the film including \"What`s This?\" and \"Making Christmas\". Zero (Jack Skellington’s dog from the film) flies above Sleeping Beauty Castle. He is shortly joined by Jack, or rather his head (in the form of projection onto a sphere shaped balloon), located on the upper left of the castle. These projections can also be viewed along the Rivers of America, which recycle the mist screens used in Fantasmic!. There are only searchlights and projection mapping used in the show's introduction. No actual pyrotechnics are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13890214", "score": "1.0590688", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Nightmare Before Christmas", "text": "fall into Oogie's cauldron and are killed. Jack apologizes to Santa for his actions, and Santa assures Jack that he can fix things and returns to Christmas Town. As Santa replaces the Halloween-style presents with genuine ones, the townspeople of Halloween Town celebrate Jack's return. Santa then visits Halloween Town and brings them a snowfall for the residents to play with. In the graveyard, Jack and Sally declare their love for each other. The cast also features Kerry Katz, Carmen Twillie, Randy Crenshaw, Debi Durst, Glenn Walters, Sherwood Ball, and Greg Proops voicing various characters. Patrick Stewart recorded narration for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2418782", "score": "1.0587307", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Rolly Teranishi", "text": "and his works as a movie director; he owns a costume of his favorite Tim Burton character, Jack Skellington from \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\". Being a big fan of \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\", he has made several appearances in the stage performances in Japan as Dr. Frank-N-Furter. Other stage performances include the role of Captain Hook in \"Peter Pan\" and the Fox and the Conceited Man in \"Le Petit Prince\". His most recent stage role was in the first Japanese production of \"Tommy\", playing the parts of Cousin Kevin and the Pinball Wizard. 2006 was the 15th-year anniversary of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7527940", "score": "1.0523669", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "George Maguire (actor-musician)", "text": "\"Another Night Before Christmas\" which had its European premiere at the Bridge House Theatre in Penge, South London. The musical tells the story of social worker Karol who, due to a faulty security system, is trapped with a man whom she believes to be a burglar but who insists on being Santa Claus. The production featured voice-overs by Rachel Tucker and Oliver Tompsett. In 2017 Maguire joined the cast of long-running British TV soap EastEnders as a guest star. September 2017 saw George Maguire take the part of Man 3 in Ryan Scott Oliver's musical exhibition 35mm at The Other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20033114", "score": "1.0383312", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Chris Sarandon", "text": "best known in the film industry for his role as Prince Humperdinck in Rob Reiner's 1987 movie \"The Princess Bride\", though he also has had supporting parts in other successful movies such as the original \"Child's Play\" (1988). In 1992, he played Joseph Curwen/Charles Dexter Ward in \"The Resurrected\". He also provided the voice of Jack Skellington, the main character of Tim Burton's animated Disney movie \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\" (1993), and has since reprised the role in other productions, including the Disney/Square video games \"Kingdom Hearts\" and \"Kingdom Hearts II\" and the Capcom sequel to the original movie, \"\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "90229", "score": "1.0362917", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Jack Skellington", "text": "has been shown to have an extreme hatred for Oogie Boogie as was proven when he spoke of this plan to Lock, Shock, and Barrel, stating to \"leave that no account Oogie Boogie out of this!\" He later finds out that Santa Claus and Sally have been kidnapped by the Boogie Man and are in his underground lair. While trying to save his friends, Jack manages to destroy Oogie and save Christmas. Tired of using the same old themes over and over on Halloween, Jack Skellington goes to Doctor Finkelstein, who gives him the Soul Robber, an invention that changes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3903225", "score": "1.0247865", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Nightmare Before Christmas: Oogie's Revenge", "text": "each mission is given a letter grade of A, B, C or D, with an additional top grade of S. Grades are based on the time taken to complete the mission, the longest combo performed, the damage done to Jack, and the amount of enemies you surprised. There are doors of the holiday worlds obtained when you complete a certain level. However, they are simply plot items and do not grant the player access to other Holiday themed towns. However, later Chapters allow the player to enter Christmas town. Each of Jack Skellington's costumes have different abilities. For example, Santa", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5249917", "score": "1.0169454", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Nightmare Before Christmas", "text": "20 individual stages were simultaneously being used for filming. In total, there were 109,440 frames taken for the film. The work of Ray Harryhausen, Ladislas Starevich, Edward Gorey, Étienne Delessert, Gahan Wilson, Charles Addams, Jan Lenica, Francis Bacon, and Wassily Kandinsky influenced the filmmakers. Selick described the production design as akin to a pop-up book. In addition, Selick stated, \"When we reach Halloween Town, it's entirely German Expressionism. When Jack enters Christmas Town, it's an outrageous Dr. Seuss-esque setpiece. Finally, when Jack is delivering presents in the 'Real World', everything is plain, simple and perfectly aligned.\" Vincent Price, Don Ameche,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2418789", "score": "1.0059249", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "The Nightmare Before Christmas: Oogie's Revenge", "text": "The Nightmare Before Christmas: Oogie's Revenge This game was released at the same time in North America as \"\". A year after the events of the movie, a town meeting announcing awards gives Jack Skellington an award \"for most spines tingled by a non-corporeal being\". After the curtains close Jack reveals that, once again, he feels disappointed with this year's Halloween. However, having learned his lesson from before, he talks with Dr. Finkelstein about a \"new Halloween\", with new scares and discoveries. The doctor gives Jack the \"Soul Robber\", a green, whip-like weapon. He then leaves Halloween Town and goes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5249910", "score": "1.0040959", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Andrew Agnew (actor)", "text": "Direct and Star in Sleeping Beauty at the Sunderland Empire playing Silly Billy. Faye Tozer from Steps, Vicky Entwistle, Amy Leigh Hickman and Bobby Crush Co-starred. He directed and appeared as Chris in John Godber's 'On the Piste' at The Brockley Jack Studio. He is currently directing the tour of \"51 Shades of Maggie\" starring Leah MacRae. It has also been announced that he will direct and play Wishee Washee in Aladdin at the Floral Pavilion New Brighton alongside Bill Ward. Andrew Agnew (actor) Andrew William Agnew (born 28 September 1976) is a Scottish actor. He is best known for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6898290", "score": "0.999689", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "The Nightmare Before Christmas", "text": "of the normal rectangular box. A 168-card \"Munchkin Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas\"-themed \"Munchkin\" was developed by USAopoly featuring the citizens of Halloween Town such as Jack Skellington, Oogie Boogie, Doctor Finklestein, and Lock, Shock and Barrel. The game comes with a custom die similar to the ones used by Oogie Boogie in the film. A live concert, produced by Disney Concerts, was held at the Hollywood Bowl in October 2015, and was followed by subsequent performances in 2016 and 2018. The shows featured Elfman, O'Hara, and Page reprising their roles from the film. The Nightmare Before Christmas The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2418811", "score": "0.99162567", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "The Nightmare Before Christmas", "text": "dark and scary for kids\". The film was met with both critical and financial success, grossing over $76 million during its initial run. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, a first for an animated film. The film has since been reissued by Walt Disney Pictures, and was re-released annually in Disney Digital 3-D from 2006 until 2009, making it the first stop-motion animated feature to be entirely converted to 3D. Halloween Town is a fantasy world filled with monsters, ghosts, ghouls, goblins, zombies, demons, mummies, vampires, werewolves, and witches. Jack Skellington, the \"Pumpkin King\" and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2418777", "score": "0.9874003", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "Jack Skellington", "long_answer": "Jack Skellington is a character and the main protagonist of the 1993 film The Nightmare Before Christmas. Jack is the \"Pumpkin King\" of Halloween Town, a fantasy world based solely on the Halloween holiday. Jack is voiced by Chris Sarandon. Danny Elfman provided Jack's singing voice in the film, although Sarandon has sung as Jack in subsequent productions.", "chunked_long_answer": "Jack Skellington is a character and the main protagonist of the 1993 film The Nightmare Before Christmas. Jack is the \"Pumpkin King\" of Halloween Town, a fantasy world based solely on the Halloween holiday. Jack is voiced by Chris Sarandon. Danny Elfman provided Jack's singing voice in the film, although Sarandon has sung as Jack in subsequent productions.", "short_answers": [ "Chris Sarandon", "Danny Elfman" ] }

[ "Grand Inquisitor", "Tomás de Torquemada", "Dominican Tomás de Torquemada" ]

[ { "title": "Grand Inquisitor", "text": "The most famous Inquisitor General was the Spanish Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, who spearheaded the Spanish Inquisition.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Spanish Inquisition", "text": "Spanish Inquisition The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (\"Inquisición española\"), was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control. It became the most substantive of the three different manifestations of the wider Catholic Inquisition along with the Roman Inquisition and Portuguese Inquisition. The \"Spanish Inquisition\" may be defined broadly, operating in Spain and in all Spanish colonies and territories, which included the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8286761", "score": "1.0699552", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela", "text": "Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela (Madrigal de las Altas Torres, Ávila, 13 January 1512 – 20 November 1594) was a prominent Catholic official who rose to become General Inquisitor of Spain, from 1573 to 1594, and Archbishop of Toledo from 1577 to 1594. He was named a Cardinal by Pope Gregory XIII in 1578. He was the nephew of the 1st Bishop of Michoacán, Mexico, Vasco de Quiroga, (1470 - 1565). He was educated as a Doctor in Theology and Law at the University of Salamanca. He was sent by King Philip II as an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12395299", "score": "1.0496154", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Antonio del Corro", "text": "published in 1567 the account \"Sanctae Inquisitionis Hispanicae Artes aliquot detectae ac palam traductae\", a major source for subsequent accounts of the Inquisition; however others believe it belonged to Casiodoro de Reina. He travelled to Lausanne and Geneva, but came to quarrel with Jean Calvin. On Calvin's recommendation, however, he became tutor to Henry of Navarre. In France he used the name Bellerive, and served as a minister in Béarn. He was supported by both Jeanne d'Albret and Renée of France; the latter made him her chaplain at Montargis. He became pastor of the Spanish church in Antwerp, but caused", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11574715", "score": "1.0456866", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Bonafos Caballeria", "text": "of the Inquisition, and was sentenced at Zaragoza. Another member of the family, Martin de la Caballeria, was invested with the command of the fleet at Majorca. Racial antisemitism Bonafos Caballeria Bonafos Caballeria (died 1464) was an anti-Jewish writer. He was the son of Solomon ibn Labi de la Caballeria of Zaragoza and assumed the name of \"Micer Pedro\" upon converting to Christianity. From his early youth he devoted himself to the study of Hebrew, Arabic and Latin languages, and gradually acquired a profound knowledge of civil and Canon law. He won the favor of Queen Maria, who appointed him", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7034920", "score": "1.0397524", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Spanish Inquisition", "text": "similar lines is Edward Peters's \"Inquisition\" (1988). One of the most important works about the inquisition´s relation to the Jewish conversos or New Christians is \"The Origins of the Inquisition in Fifteenth Century Spain\" (1995/2002) by Benzion Netanyahu. It challenges the view that most conversos were actually practicing Judaism in secret and were persecuted for their crypto-Judaism. Rather, according to Netanyahu, the persecution was fundamentally racial, and was a matter of envy of their success in Spanish society. This view has been challenged multiple times, and with some reasonable divergences the majority of historians either align with religious causes or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8286915", "score": "1.0360351", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Casiodoro de Reina", "text": "colleagues were placed in the Index of prohibited books and he was declared a \"heresiarch\" (leader of heretics). About 1563 Reina went on to Antwerp, where he became associated with the authors of the Polyglot Bible. In April 1564 he went to Frankfurt, where he settled with his family. Reina wrote the first great book against the Inquisition: \"Sanctae Inquisitionis hispanicae artes aliquot detectae, ac palam traductae\" (\"Some arts of Holy Inquisition\"). This work was printed in 1567 in Heidelberg under the pseudonym: \"Reginaldus Gonsalvius Montanus\". He secretly translated the work of the critic of Calvin, Sebastian Castellion, \"De haereticis,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6897663", "score": "1.0334293", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Black Legend of the Spanish Inquisition", "text": "dungeons where they suffer horrible torture etc. Foxe warned that this sinister organization could be introduced into any country that accepted the Catholic faith. Another influential book was the \"Sanctae Inquisitionis Hispanicae Artes\" (\"Exposition of the Arts of the Spanish Holy Inquisition\") published in Heidelberg in 1567 under the pseudonym Reginaldus Gonsalvius Montanus. It appears that Gonzalvius was a pseudonym of Antonio del Corro, a Spanish Protestant theologian exiled in Holland. Del Corro added credibility to his tale with his knowledge of the tribunal. The book was an immediate success, two editions were printed between 1568 and 1570 in English", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14785711", "score": "1.0322182", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Spanish Inquisition (Monty Python)", "text": "Cardinal Ximénez (Michael Palin) and his assistants, Cardinal Biggles (Terry Jones) (who resembles his namesake Biggles wearing a leather aviator's helmet and goggles) and Cardinal Fang (Terry Gilliam) — burst into the room to the sound of a jarring musical sting. Ximénez shouts, with a particular and high-pitched emphasis on the first word: \"NO-body expects the Spanish Inquisition!\" After entering, Ximénez begins listing their weapons (\"fear, surprise, ruthless efficiency\"), but interrupts himself as he keeps forgetting to mention additional weapons and has to begin his list over again. After several attempts, Ximénez states that he will come in again, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "257991", "score": "1.0304135", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Spanish Inquisition", "text": "was an extremely successful and refined one. It was a bureaucratic body which had the nominal authority of the church and permission to prosecute members of the church, which the kings couldn't do while responding only to the Spanish Crown. This did not prevent the Pope from having influence on the decisions of Spanish monarchs of course, but it forced the influence to be through the kings and made direct influence very difficult. Other hypotheses that circulate regarding the Spanish Inquisition's creation include: Fray Alonso de Ojeda, a Dominican friar from Seville, convinced Queen Isabella of the existence of Crypto-Judaism", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8286803", "score": "1.0258065", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Pedro de Deza", "text": "of the Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela. In 1556, he became an \"oidor\" in the Royal Audiencia and Chancillería of Valladolid. During the pontificate of Pope Paul IV (1555–59), he served as Archdeacon of Calatrava la Vieja. He was also an auditor of the Spanish Inquisition. In 1556, he became the president of the Kingdom of Granada, in which capacity he participated in the suppression of the Morisco Revolt of 1568-71. He became president of the Council of Valladolid in 1578. On the recommendation of Philip II of Spain, Pope Gregory XIII made him a cardinal priest in the consistory", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16895429", "score": "1.0256548", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Esteban Manuel de Villegas", "text": "with the Inquisition, left in Latin the part corresponding to free will. He wrote in addition two volumes to \"Disertaciones\" in which he commented on the classics which had been lost. This work was lost into the hands of Father Martín Sarmiento shortly thereafter. In addition he composed \"Discurso contra las comedias\" and \"Antiteatro\", which were never published. Esteban Manuel de Villegas Esteban Manuel de Villegas (Matute, La Rioja, 5 February 1589 – Nájera, La Rioja, 3 September 1669) was a 17th-century Spanish poet. Villegas studied grammar in Madrid and later enrolled at the University of Salamanca in 1610. There", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5636587", "score": "1.024658", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Pablo de Céspedes", "text": "to the acquirement of Oriental languages and theology. He later moved to Rome where he studied painting under Federico Zuccari. He was in Rome in February 1559, engaged in conducting certain negotiations for the Archbishop Carranza de Miranda, of Toledo, who then stood charged with heresy before the Inquisition of Valladolid. On the 17th of that month he addressed a letter to the prelate, informing him how his business stood at the Vatican, in which he incautiously reflected on the conduct of the Inquisitor-General Valdez, and the Holy Office—an offence which no Inquisitor-General would forgive. This document and others were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5920949", "score": "1.0216576", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Caterina Tarongí", "text": "a regional government in Spain to honor the victims of the Spanish Inquisition. Caterina Tarongí Caterina Tarongi i Tarongi (1646, Palma, May 6, 1691, ibid.) was a Jewish woman burned alive by the Spanish Inquisition. She was born in Palma, the capital of the then Kingdom of Majorca (which recovered its Roman name \"Palma\" in 1715). She was the daughter of Rafel Josep \"Felós\" Tarongí i Aguiló, and Francina Tarongi i Martí. She was the wife of Guillem \"Morro\" Tarongi Fès. Caterina's parents had seven children in total: Caterina, Isabel, Margalida, Francina, Francesc Guillem and Rafel. Between 1677 and 1678,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19655030", "score": "1.0148816", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Castle of San Jorge", "text": "commercial center open to traffic of all nations, it was an ideal place for the presence and distribution of non-Catholic ideologies. An archbishop of Seville, Pedro González de Mendoza, was the true founder of the Modern Inquisition. The Christians accused of heresy were forbidden to appeal to Rome, so that the \"religious control\" became independent controlled outside the papal curia. The Tribunal of the Holy Office began with its headquarters at the convent of San Pablo of the Dominicans (present church of la Magdalena) who, because of the rivalry that it maintained with the Franciscan Order, and risking its prestige,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19497740", "score": "1.0144569", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "De la Caballeria", "text": "Benveniste's daughters became the wife of the rich landowner Don Apres de Paternoy, a marrano of Verdun, and their descendants were important in Spanish history. Notwithstanding the high offices which this family filled, several of its members suffered from the persecutions of the Inquisition. Alfonso de la Caballeria of Saragossa, who still maintained his connection with the large synagogue there, took part in the conspiracy against the inquisitor Arbues. The remains of Juan de la Caballeria were burned in Saragossa, at which place, in 1488, Luis de la Caballeria, as well as his son Jaime and several other members of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9088377", "score": "1.0142498", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Leonor de Cisneros", "text": "Leonor de Cisneros Leonor de Cisneros (Valladolid, 1536 – Valladolid, 26 September 1568), was a Spanish Protestant who was executed for heresy by the Spanish Inquisition and regarded as a Protestant martyr. Her case belongs amongst the most famed of the Spanish Inquisition. Leonor de Cisneros married the lawyer and scholar Antonio Herrezuelo, or Herezuello, (known also as \"The Bachelor Herezuello de Torro\") in 1553. In 1554, she and her husband became members of the secret Protestant congregation, or \"conventicle\", in Toro, which was founded by Carlos de Seso and comprised about 70 people. In 1559, the entire congregation, headed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19595502", "score": "1.0130904", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Spanish Inquisition", "text": "in which the Inquisition directly confronted literary activity is that of Fray Luis de León, noted humanist and religious writer of converso origin, who was imprisoned for four years (from 1572 to 1576) for having translated the Song of Songs directly from Hebrew. Some scholars state that one of the main effects of the inquisition was to end free thought and scientific thought in Spain. As one contemporary Spaniard in exile put it: \"Our country is a land of ... barbarism; down there one cannot produce any culture without being suspected of heresy, error and Judaism. Thus silence was imposed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8286845", "score": "1.0111829", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Spanish Inquisition", "text": "\"The Heretic\", about the Protestants of Valladolid and their repression by the Inquisition. Samuel Shellabarger's \"Captain from Castile\" deals directly with the Spanish Inquisition during the first part of the novel. In the novel La Catedral del Mar by Ildefonso Falcones, published in 2006 and set in the 14th century, there are scenes of inquisition investigations in small towns and a great scene in Barcelona. The Spanish Inquisition is a recurring trope that makes an occasional appearance in the British parliament, similar to calling something \"nazi\" to reject ideas seen as religiously authoritarian. Spanish Inquisition The Tribunal of the Holy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8286921", "score": "1.0110964", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Leonor de Cisneros", "text": "by Dr Cazalla, was arrested and interrogated by the Spanish Inquisition. After confessing, they were led to an official \"auto-da-fé\" in Valladolid on May 21, 1559, Trinity Sunday, in the presence of the royal family - the Prince of Spain, the Princess of Portugal, and the Governess (of Spain) - where they were given the choice of renouncing their faith and submitting to the imprisonment of the Inquisition, or keeping their faith and being burned at the stake. Several of them chose to confess, repent and be spared execution, among them Leonor de Cisneros. Her husband Herezuello, who with thirteen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19595503", "score": "1.0107458", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Henry Kamen", "text": "\"black legend\" view of the Spanish Inquisition. His own views have changed since he published a book about the Inquisition in the 1960s: his 1998 book provides extensive evidence that the Inquisition was not made up of fanatics who rejoiced in torture and executions and that, for example, Inquisition gaols were better run and more humane than ordinary Spanish prisons. Henry Kamen Henry A. Kamen (born 1936 in Rangoon) is a British historian, who has published extensively on Europe, Spain, and the Spanish Empire. Henry Arthur Kamen was born in Rangoon in 1936, the son of Maurice Joseph Kamen, an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11187112", "score": "1.0096182", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Lamothe-Langon", "text": "Cohn and Richard Kieckhefer. In the preface, Lamothe-Langon writes that inspiration came from witnessing the \"l'atroce persécution\" of the \"vénérable\" Juan Antonio Llorente who while in exile in Paris and had recently published (1817) a work on the inquisition in his native Spain, considered critical of the Church, and was harassed over it. Lamothe-Langon hopes to delve into the French history of the inquisition as Llorente had delved into the Spanish: \"pour l'inquisition d'Espagne , ce que nous faisons aujourd'hui pour la nôtre.\" In the preface, Lamothe-Langon also quotes at length from a much earlier history of the inquisition (1692)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20985846", "score": "1.0095774", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Spanish Inquisition", "text": "of Spain. It was in charge of enforcing the laws of the king regarding religion and other private-life matters, not of following orders from Rome, from which was independent. This independence allowed the Inquisition to investigate, prosecute and convict clergy for both corruptions (pedophilia, forgery of documents..) and possible charges of treason of conspiracy against the crown (on the Pope's behalf presumably) without the Pope's intervention. The inquisition was, despite of its title of \"Holy\", not formed necessarily by clergy but secular lawyers were equally welcome to it. If it was an attempt at keeping Rome out of Spain, it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8286802", "score": "1.0092739", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Jerónimo Zurita y Castro", "text": "Jerónimo Zurita y Castro Jerónimo (or Gerónimo) de Zurita y Castro or simply Jerónimo (or Gerónimo) de Zurita (1512 – 3 November 1580) was a Spanish historian of the sixteenth century who founded the modern tradition of historical scholarship in Spain. Born at Zaragoza, Kingdom of Aragon, he studied at Alcalá de Henares under the Hellenist Hernán Nuñez. Through the influence of his father, Miguel de Zurita, physician to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, he entered the public service as magistrate at Barbastro, and in 1537 was appointed assistant-secretary of the Inquisition. In 1548 Zurita was nominated official chronicler of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "694522", "score": "1.0087048", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "History of the Catholic Church in Spain", "text": "the Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, to complete the religious purification of the Iberian Peninsula. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms, and to replace the medieval inquisition which had been under papal control. The new body was under the direct control of the Spanish monarchy. The Inquisition, as an ecclesiastical tribunal, had jurisdiction only over baptized Christians, some of whom also practised other forms of faith and at the time were considered heretics according to the Catholic Church and recently formed kingdoms at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13316879", "score": "1.0055543", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "History of the Jews in Spain", "text": "such as Pedro de Caballería and Luis de Santangel, and though Ferdinand was the grandson of a Jew, he showed the greatest intolerance to Jews, whether converted or otherwise, commanding all \"conversos\" to reconcile themselves with the Inquisition by the end of 1484, and obtaining a bull from Innocent VIII ordering all Catholic princes to restore all fugitive \"conversos\" to the Inquisition of Spain. One of the reasons for the increased rigor of the Catholic monarchs was the disappearance of the fear of any united action by Jews and Moors, the kingdom of Granada being at its last gasp. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5584899", "score": "1.0051435", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Inquisition", "text": "were referred to as \"conversos\" or \"New Christians\". King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile established the Spanish Inquisition in 1478. In contrast to the previous inquisitions, it operated completely under royal Christian authority, though staffed by clergy and orders, and independently of the Holy See. It operated in Spain and in all Spanish colonies and territories, which included the Canary Islands, the Spanish Netherlands, the Kingdom of Naples, and all Spanish possessions in North, Central, and South America. It primarily targeted forced converts from Islam (Moriscos, Conversos and \"secret Moors\") and from Judaism (Conversos, Crypto-Jews", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "203328", "score": "1.003599", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Catholic Monarchs", "text": "of those who had converted (\"conversos\" and \"moriscos\") were accused of secretly practicing their original religion (crypto-Judaism or crypto-Islam) and arrested, imprisoned, interrogated under torture, and in some cases burned to death, in both Castile and Aragon. The Inquisition had been created in the twelfth century by Pope Lucius III to fight heresy in the south of what is now France and was constituted in a number of European kingdoms. The Catholic Monarchs decided to introduce the Inquisition to Castile, and requested the Pope's assent. On 1 November 1478 Pope Sixtus IV published the Papal bull \"Exigit Sinceras Devotionis Affectus\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2262739", "score": "1.0030897", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Bartolomé Carranza", "text": "Bartolomé Carranza Bartolomé Carranza (15032 May 1576, sometimes called de Miranda or de Carranza y Miranda) was a priest of the Dominican Order, theologian and Archbishop of Toledo. He is notable for having been persecuted by the Spanish Inquisition. He spent much of his later life imprisoned on charges of heresy. He was first denounced in 1530, and imprisoned during 1558–1576. The final judgement found no proof of heresy but secluded him to the Dominican cloister of Santa Maria sopra Minerva where he died seven days later. Carranza belonged to a noble family which had its estates at Miranda de", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6341555", "score": "1.002113", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "The Spanish Inquisition (Monty Python)", "text": "The Spanish Inquisition (Monty Python) \"The Spanish Inquisition\" is a series of sketches in \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\", Series 2 Episode 2, first broadcast 22 September 1970, parodying the real-life Spanish Inquisition. This episode is itself entitled \"The Spanish Inquisition\". The sketches are notable for their principal catchphrase, \"Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!\", which has become a frequently-used quote. The end of the sketch uses music from the composition Devil's Galop by Charles Williams. Rewritten audio versions of the sketches were included on \"Another Monty Python Record\" in 1971. This is a recurring sketch always predicated on an unrelated sketch", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "257989", "score": "1.0013361", "original_retrieval_index": 44 } ]

{ "title": "Grand Inquisitor", "long_answer": "The most famous Inquisitor General was the Spanish Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, who spearheaded the Spanish Inquisition.", "chunked_long_answer": "The most famous Inquisitor General was the Spanish Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, who spearheaded the Spanish Inquisition.", "short_answers": [ "Dominican Tomás de Torquemada", "Tomás de Torquemada" ] }

[ "2003", "25 December 2003" ]

[ { "title": "Peter Pan (2003 film)", "text": "Peter Pan is a 2003 fantasy adventure film released by Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures, and Revolution Studios. It was the first authorised and faithful film or television adaptation of J.M. Barrie's play Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up in half a century, after Disney's version in 1953. P. J. Hogan directed a screenplay co-written with Michael Goldenberg which is based on the play and novel by J. M. Barrie. Jason Isaacs plays the dual roles of Captain Hook and George Darling, Olivia Williams plays Mrs. Darling, while Jeremy Sumpter plays Peter Pan, Rachel Hurd-Wood plays Wendy Darling,", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1953 film)", "text": "Peter Pan (1953 film) Peter Pan is a 1953 American animated fantasy adventure film produced by Walt Disney and based on the play \"Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\" by J. M. Barrie. It is the 14th Disney animated feature film and was originally released on February 5, 1953, by RKO Radio Pictures. \"Peter Pan\" is the final Disney animated feature released through RKO before Walt Disney's founding of his own distribution company, Buena Vista Distribution, later in 1953 after the film was released. \"Peter Pan\" is also the final Disney film in which all nine members", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3742824", "score": "0.99952316", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1976 musical)", "text": "Peter Pan (1976 musical) Peter Pan is a 1976 American made-for-television musical film adaptation of J.M. Barrie's \"Peter Pan, or the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\" starring Mia Farrow as Peter Pan and Danny Kaye as Captain Hook, and with Sir John Gielgud narrating. Julie Andrews sang one of the songs, \"Once Upon a Bedtime\", off-camera over the opening credits. It aired as a presentation of \"Hallmark Hall of Fame\" on NBC at 7:30pm on Sunday, December 12, 1976, capping off the program's 25th year on the air. The program did not use the score written for the highly successful", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14022289", "score": "0.9781239", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1953 film)", "text": "2013 after several pilot productions. This was Disney's first \"Peter Pan\" film. In the early 2000s, a \"Peter Pan\" franchise was spawned, involving a number of other animation projects: Following the studio's success of live-action adaptations of Disney cartoon films including \"Maleficent, Cinderella, The Jungle Book and Beauty and the Beast\", Disney announced that a live action \"Peter Pan\" movie is in development, with David Lowery directing and co-writing with Toby Halbrooks. On July 31, 2018, it was announced that it may air on the Disney+ instead. Peter Pan (1953 film) Peter Pan is a 1953 American animated fantasy adventure", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3742859", "score": "0.96726155", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1988 film)", "text": "Peter Pan (1988 film) Peter Pan is an Australian 50-minute direct-to-video animated film from Burbank Films Australia. It was originally released in 1988. The film is based on J. M. Barrie's play, \"Peter Pan, or the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\", first produced in 1904, and was adapted by Paul Leadon. The film was produced by Roz Phillips and featured music composed by John Stuart. The copyright in this film is now owned by Pulse Distribution and Entertainment and administered by digital rights management firm NuTech Digital. Every night before going to sleep, the Darling children, Wendy, John, and Michael,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11735632", "score": "0.96580523", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (franchise)", "text": "Fairies franchise. Peter Pan is a 1953 theatrical film based on the play \"Peter Pan; or, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\" by J. M. Barrie. The Peter Pan Story is a promotional featurette released in the lead up to the 1953 film, which serves as a behind-the-scenes look at the film's production. Return to Never Land is a 2002 theatrical film which serves as a sequel to the 1953 film. The Tinker Bell film series consists of six films, one half-hour special, and one six-minute short, and is based around the character Tinker Bell. Disney announced a live action", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18870456", "score": "0.95876014", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1988 film)", "text": "to grow up, something he would never want to do. They part, but Peter Pan welcomes them to return to Neverland someday. Peter Pan (1988 film) Peter Pan is an Australian 50-minute direct-to-video animated film from Burbank Films Australia. It was originally released in 1988. The film is based on J. M. Barrie's play, \"Peter Pan, or the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\", first produced in 1904, and was adapted by Paul Leadon. The film was produced by Roz Phillips and featured music composed by John Stuart. The copyright in this film is now owned by Pulse Distribution and Entertainment", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11735637", "score": "0.95539975", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1950 musical)", "text": "Peter Pan (1950 musical) Peter Pan is a 1950 musical adaptation of J. M. Barrie's play \"Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\" with music and lyrics by Leonard Bernstein; it opened on Broadway on April 24, 1950. This version starred Jean Arthur as Peter Pan, Boris Karloff in the dual roles of George Darling and Captain Hook, and Marcia Henderson as Wendy. The show was orchestrated by Hershy Kay and conducted by Benjamin Steinberg. The show ran for 321 performances, closing on January 27, 1951. The production was initially intended as a full-blown musical, with Bernstein composing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11621453", "score": "0.9536991", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1953 film)", "text": "of Disney's Nine Old Men worked together as directing animators. It is also the second Disney animated film starring Kathryn Beaumont, Heather Angel, and Bill Thompson after their roles in the animated feature \"Alice in Wonderland\". The film was entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival. A sequel titled \"Return to Never Land\" was released in 2002, and a series of direct-to-DVD prequels produced by DisneyToon Studios focusing on Tinker Bell began in 2008. In London, circa 1900, George and Mary Darling's preparations to attend a party are disrupted by the antics of their boys, John and Michael, acting out", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3742825", "score": "0.9503439", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (2003 film)", "text": "first live-action theatrical release with a boy playing the part. The casting of a single actor to play both George Darling and Captain Hook follows a tradition also begun in the first staging of the play. \"Peter Pan\" received positive reviews from critics, but was a box office flop, grossing $48.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $122 million worldwide from a $130.6 million budget. In the nursery of the Darling household located in Edwardian era London, Wendy Darling tells her younger brothers John and Michael the story of Cinderella, who went to the ball and found herself", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3303582", "score": "0.94911134", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1953 film)", "text": "1999, as a Walt Disney Limited Issue for a limited sixty-day time period before going into moratorium. \"Peter Pan\" was re-released as a Special Edition VHS and DVD in 2002 to promote the sequel, \"Return to Neverland\". The DVD was accompanied with special features including a making-of documentary, a sing-along, a storybook, and a still-frame gallery of production artwork. Disney rereleased a 2-disc Platinum Edition DVD of the film on March 6, 2007. A Blu-Ray Diamond Edition of the film was released on February 5, 2013, to celebrate the movie's 60th anniversary. A DVD and digital copy of the Diamond", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3742848", "score": "0.94677156", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1924 film)", "text": "Peter Pan (1924 film) Peter Pan is a 1924 American silent adventure film released by Paramount Pictures, the first film adaptation of the play by J. M. Barrie. It was directed by Herbert Brenon and starred Betty Bronson as Peter Pan, Ernest Torrence as Captain Hook, Mary Brian as Wendy, and Virginia Browne Faire as Tinker Bell. Anna May Wong, a groundbreaking Chinese-American actress, played the Indian princess Tiger Lily. In the story, Peter Pan, a magical boy who refuses to grow up, brings the Darling children (Wendy, John, and Michael) from London to Neverland, where they have adventures that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6987277", "score": "0.9459638", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Pan (2015 film)", "text": "Pan (2015 film) Pan is a 2015 American fantasy film directed by Joe Wright and written by Jason Fuchs. The film serves as a prequel to \"Peter and Wendy\" from Scottish author J. M. Barrie, which was first staged in 1904, and focuses on an alternative origin story for Peter Pan and Captain Hook. It stars Levi Miller as the title character, along with Hugh Jackman, Garrett Hedlund, Rooney Mara, and Amanda Seyfried. \"Pan\"'s world premiere was held in London on September 20, 2015, and it was theatrically released in the United States on October 9, 2015, by Warner Bros.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17860829", "score": "0.9439857", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1953 film)", "text": "earliest version of the story, the film started by telling Peter Pan's back story. But on May 20, 1940, during a story meeting, Disney said \"We ought to get right into the story itself, where Peter Pan comes to the house to get his shadow. That's where the story picks up. How Peter came to be is really another story.\" Walt also explored the idea of opening the film in Neverland and Peter Pan coming to Wendy's house to kidnap her as a mother for the Lost Boys. Eventually, Disney decided that the \"kidnapping\" was too dark and went back", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3742833", "score": "0.94329596", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Return to Never Land", "text": "Return to Never Land Return to Never Land (also known as Peter Pan 2 or Peter Pan in Return to Never Land) is a 2002 American animated fantasy-adventure film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation, and released by Walt Disney Pictures and distributed by Buena Vista Pictures. The film is a sequel to Walt Disney Feature Animation 1953 film \"Peter Pan\", It is based on J. M. Barrie's novel \"Peter and Wendy\", and had a worldwide gross of $109 million. The film follows Wendy's daughter who refuses to believe in her mother's story during the Blitz in London, only to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4717874", "score": "0.9365719", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1988 film)", "text": "are told stories by their mother of wonderful adventures in fantasy worlds; many of these stories tell of a boy named Peter Pan, who lives in a place called Neverland and whom never grows up. One night, when Mr. and Mrs. Darling go out, leaving the children under the care of a house maid and Nana, the nursery dog, Wendy Darling is thrilled when the real Peter Pan flies right into their window. In a previous visit, Nana had taken Peter Pan's shadow away from him, and now he and his fairy friend Tinker Bell had returned to claim it.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11735633", "score": "0.9331217", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1953 film)", "text": "the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio, but wartime restrictions prevented this. Because he did not want Kinney to get out of his contract, Disney appointed Kinney to direct \"Peter Pan\". During this same time, Disney talked to Mary Martin, who was appearing in a stage production of the play, about voicing Peter Pan, although Roy O. Disney complained that her voice was \"too heavy, matured, and sophisticated.\" Jean Arthur contacted Walt about being considered for the role. Walt had also talked to Cary Grant about voicing Captain Hook, in which the actor replied the \"idea intrigued him.\" As he was impatient with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3742835", "score": "0.93300056", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Pan (2015 film)", "text": "made earlier Peter Pan stories and films a success; from Jackman's role as Blackbeard to the inclusion of contemporary pop songs from Nirvana and the Ramones which is peculiar for a children's film adaptation. \"Without the Disney seal of approval, audiences are a bit wary of these fairy tale adaptations,\" said Jeff Bock, a box office analyst with Exhibitor Relations. He added, \"It veered off the Peter Pan path quite extensively and it was just too far left of center for a generation that grew up with \"Hook\" and sees that as the definitive account.\" Warner Bros. declined to discuss", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17860846", "score": "0.9324686", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1953 film)", "text": "of action and comedy, but the songs are less impressive than usually encountered in such a Disney presentation.\" Contemporary reviews remained positive. Giving the film 3½ stars out of 4, Gene Siskel of the \"Chicago Tribune\" noted the \"drawing of Tinkerbelle [\"sic\"] and the flamboyance of Captain Hook\" as well as the \"quality music mixed with appropriate animation\" were the film's major highlights. Michael Jackson cited \"Peter Pan\" as his favorite movie of all time, from which he derived the name for his estate \"Neverland Ranch\" in Santa Barbara, where he had a private amusement park. Ronald D. Moore, one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3742851", "score": "0.9305754", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1950 musical)", "text": "Theater (California) in December 2008, directed by Albert Ihde and again conducted by Alexander Frey. A new chamber adaptation of the score will be produced at the Richard B. Fisher Center for the Performing Arts in June 2018, directed by Christopher Alden. Peter Pan (1950 musical) Peter Pan is a 1950 musical adaptation of J. M. Barrie's play \"Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\" with music and lyrics by Leonard Bernstein; it opened on Broadway on April 24, 1950. This version starred Jean Arthur as Peter Pan, Boris Karloff in the dual roles of George Darling and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11621456", "score": "0.9297703", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1924 film)", "text": "Tiger Lily, that was played by Anna May Wong a Chinese-American movie star as a stereotypical Native American princess, has become controversial over the years. The film has also received an approval rating of 100% on review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, based on eight reviews. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: Peter Pan (1924 film) Peter Pan is a 1924 American silent adventure film released by Paramount Pictures, the first film adaptation of the play by J. M. Barrie. It was directed by Herbert Brenon and starred Betty Bronson as Peter Pan, Ernest Torrence as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6987284", "score": "0.92922884", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1954 musical)", "text": "Peter sprinkles the children with fairy dust and tells them to \"think lovely thoughts\" (\"I'm Flying – Reprise\"). The children follow Peter, but Michael goes back when maid Liza comes into the room, giving her some of his fairy dust and inviting her to come to Neverland with them. Never Land Peter's \"Lost Boys\" are standing outside their underground lair, wondering when he will return, when they hear Captain Hook and his pirates (\"Pirate Song\"). The boys hide. Hook tells Smee, his right-hand man, that he wants to kill Peter, because he cut off his hand and threw it to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9960087", "score": "0.92704177", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1953 film)", "text": "was filmed to serve as an aid to animators with the actors performing to a prerecorded dialogue track. Margaret Kerry received a call to audition to serve as the live-action reference for Tinker Bell. For the live-action reference, Kerry said she had to hold out her arms and pretend to fly for all the scenes requiring it. Additionally, Kerry served as reference for one of the mermaids along with Connie Hilton and June Foray. At the same time, the studio was looking for an actor to portray Peter Pan, in which Kerry suggested her dancing teacher Roland Dupree for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3742841", "score": "0.9265697", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1953 film)", "text": "a story about Peter Pan and the pirates, told to them by their older sister, Wendy. George, who is fed up with the stories that have made his children less practical, angrily declares that Wendy has gotten too old to continue staying in the nursery with them. That night, they are visited in the nursery by Peter Pan himself, who teaches them to fly with the help of his pixie friend, Tinker Bell, and takes them with him to the island of Never Land. A ship of pirates is anchored off Never Land, commanded by Captain Hook with his sidekick,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3742826", "score": "0.926348", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1954 musical)", "text": "is now cursed, and everyone thinks Wendy is the source. The pirates push Wendy to the plank. Peter ditches his disguise and the Indians and animals attack, as well as the Boys who are alive and armed. The pirates are all defeated, and Peter challenges Hook to a duel and defeats him. Hook threatens to blow up the ship with a bomb, but runs into the real crocodile (whom Peter also brought on the ship). Peter catches the dropped bomb and tosses it in the sea after Hook slides down the plank (which is shaped like a slide) with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9960096", "score": "0.9210361", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1953 film)", "text": "to Barrie's original play where Peter comes to get his shadow and Wendy is eager to see Neverland. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the United States military took control of the studio and commissioned Walt Disney Productions to produce training and war propaganda films in which pre-production work on \"Peter Pan\" and \"Alice in Wonderland\" were shelved. However, the Bank of America allowed production to continue during the war. After the war had concluded, work on the film resumed with Jack Kinney as director. At the time, Kinney had considered leaving Walt Disney Productions for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3742834", "score": "0.92101574", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1954 musical)", "text": "Peter Pan (1954 musical) Peter Pan is a musical based on J. M. Barrie's 1904 play \"Peter Pan\" and Barrie's own novelization of it, \"Peter and Wendy\". The music is mostly by Mark \"Moose\" Charlap, with additional music by Jule Styne, and most of the lyrics were written by Carolyn Leigh, with additional lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green. The original 1954 Broadway production, starring Mary Martin as Peter and Cyril Ritchard as Captain Hook, earned Tony Awards for both stars. It was followed by NBC telecasts of it in 1955, 1956, and 1960 with the same stars, plus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9960070", "score": "0.9137075", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (1954 musical)", "text": "(\"We Will Grow Up\"). Wendy promises to wait for Peter, hoping that one day he will return for her. Years pass, and Peter returns to the nursery, surprising a much older Wendy, who no longer expected him. He has come to take her to Neverland for Spring cleaning, but she declines as she is now grown up; married with a daughter of her own, Jane. Peter starts to cry, and Wendy leaves the room at the sound of her husband's offstage voice. Jane awakes and, like her mother before her, asks, \"Boy, why are you crying?\" Peter introduces himself, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9960098", "score": "0.9122943", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (2003 film)", "text": "of London and Never Land, although they are sometimes replaced with computer-generated figures. One other aspect of bringing the story to life was the complex sword-fighting sequences, for which the actors were trained. Sumpter said that, \"I had to train for five months before the shoot. I had to do harness training to learn how to fly and learn how to swordfight,\" and that, \"I got stabbed a couple of times with a sword.\" Hogan says that the flying scenes were very difficult to accomplish, but that, \"it was tougher on the kids than it was for me. They were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3303595", "score": "0.9120394", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Peter Pan (2003 film)", "text": "on 4 May 2004. This film had airs on Encore Starz on Demand with \"\", \"Casper\", \"The Borrowers\" and \"The Little Rascals\" since March 2004 and on HDNet Movies since July 2005. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 78% based on 144 reviews, and an average rating of 6.8/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"Solid if far from definitive, this version of \"Peter Pan\" is visually impressive, psychologically complex and faithful to its original source.\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 64 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating \"generally favorable", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3303602", "score": "0.91032165", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Peter Pan (2003 film)", "long_answer": "Peter Pan is a 2003 fantasy adventure film released by Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures, and Revolution Studios. It was the first authorised and faithful film or television adaptation of J.M. Barrie's play Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up in half a century, after Disney's version in 1953. P. J. Hogan directed a screenplay co-written with Michael Goldenberg which is based on the play and novel by J. M. Barrie. Jason Isaacs plays the dual roles of Captain Hook and George Darling, Olivia Williams plays Mrs. Darling, while Jeremy Sumpter plays Peter Pan, Rachel Hurd-Wood plays Wendy Darling, and Ludivine Sagnier plays Tinker Bell. Lynn Redgrave plays a supporting role as Aunt Millicent, a new character created for the film.", "chunked_long_answer": "Peter Pan is a 2003 fantasy adventure film released by Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures, and Revolution Studios. It was the first authorised and faithful film or television adaptation of J.M. Barrie's play Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up in half a century, after Disney's version in 1953. P. J. Hogan directed a screenplay co-written with Michael Goldenberg which is based on the play and novel by J. M. Barrie. Jason Isaacs plays the dual roles of Captain Hook and George Darling, Olivia Williams plays Mrs. Darling, while Jeremy Sumpter plays Peter Pan, Rachel Hurd-Wood plays Wendy Darling,", "short_answers": [ "2003" ] }

[ "Filipino Americans", "Filipino American", "Filipino" ]

[ { "title": "Filipino American History Month", "text": "Filipino American History Month (also known as FAHM) is celebrated in the United States during the month of October. The Filipino American National Historical Society established Filipino American History Month in the year 1988. In California and Hawaii, where a large number of Filipino Americans reside, Filipino American History Month is widely celebrated. Many Filipino American organizations in these states often initiate their own independent celebrations.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Asian Pacific American Heritage Month", "text": "Members of Congress to accomplish those goals.\" Asian Pacific and Asian Americans of all ethnicities and languages come together to celebrate their heritage through many activities such as dancing, sharing traditional meals, observing and appreciating their rich history. Many more diverse beliefs and practices come with the already diversified Asian American community, with many different religions, traditions, and practices. Asian American actors, actresses and celebrities play a major role in the adjusting to the American lifestyle. They start trends that their kinfolk alike begin to follow along like the kanji tattoo sported by former Seattle Mariners, American League Asian of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7627908", "score": "0.95271945", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month", "text": "Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month is celebrated by proclamation of the President and Congress in the United States to honor the achievements and contributions of Italian immigrants and their descendants living in the United States. It was first celebrated in 1989. The heritage month is in October to coincide with Columbus Day, the American national holiday traditionally celebrated on October 12, now celebrated on the second Monday in October. Heritage Months are usually proclaimed by nations to celebrate centuries of contributions by a group to a country. In tribute to all Italian Americans, the US", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20668809", "score": "0.9525214", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "National Hispanic Heritage Month", "text": "in The Bronx, New York City is held annually in September to coincide with Hispanic Heritage Month. The Smithsonian Institution hosts Hispanic Heritage Month events in Washington, D.C.. National Hispanic Heritage Month National Hispanic Heritage Month is the period from September 15 to October 15 in the United States, when people recognize the contributions of Hispanic and Latino Americans to the group's heritage and culture. Hispanic Heritage Month celebrates the long and important presence of Hispanic and Latino Americans in North America. A map of late 18th-century North America shows this presence, from the small outpost of San Francisco founded", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6021972", "score": "0.9276109", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Minority Enterprise Development Week", "text": "President of the United States to formally recognize minority-owned businesses in the Oval Office during National MED Week, when he welcomed winners of the National MED Week Awards on October 24, 2017. On October 20, 2017, President Trump issued a proclamation to officially designate October 22 through October 28, 2017 as National Minority Enterprise Development Week. The Minority Business Development Agency holds an awards ceremony each year during National MED Week to recognize the contributions of minority-owned businesses in a variety of industry categories. These awards include: Minority Enterprise Development Week National Minority Enterprise Development Week, also known as National", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20612957", "score": "0.92178386", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Asian Americans", "text": "a few ethnic groups. Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians (and to a lesser extent, Vietnamese), all of whose relatively low achievement rates are possibly due to their refugee status, and that they are non-voluntary immigrants; additionally, one in five Hmong and Bangladeshi people live in poverty. Many Asian Americans have taken to attaching the term \"myth\" after \"model minority,\" thus encouraging discourse regarding how the concept and stereotype is harmful to Asian American communities and ethnic groups. In 2015, Asian American earnings were found to exceed all other racial groups when all Asian ethnic groups are grouped as a whole. Yet,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1316082", "score": "0.9206972", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Asian Americans", "text": "released by the United States Census Bureau revealed that 5 Asian American ethnic groups are in the top 10 lowest earning ethnicities in terms of per capita income in all of the United States. The Asian American groups that have low educational attainment and high rates of poverty both in average individual and median income are Bhutanese Americans, Bangladeshi Americans, Cambodian Americans, Burmese Americans, Nepali Americans, Hmong Americans, and Laotian Americans. This affects Vietnamese Americans as well, albeit to a lesser degree, as early 21st century immigration from Vietnam are not from refugee backgrounds. These individual ethnicities experience social issues", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1316085", "score": "0.9139429", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "National Hispanic Heritage Month", "text": "National Hispanic Heritage Month National Hispanic Heritage Month is the period from September 15 to October 15 in the United States, when people recognize the contributions of Hispanic and Latino Americans to the group's heritage and culture. Hispanic Heritage Month celebrates the long and important presence of Hispanic and Latino Americans in North America. A map of late 18th-century North America shows this presence, from the small outpost of San Francisco founded in Alta California in 1776, through the Spanish province of Texas with its gauchos (cowboys), to the fortress of St. Augustine, Florida — the first colonial settlement in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6021969", "score": "0.9076447", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Hispanic and Latino Americans", "text": "and 21st centuries, Hispanic and Latino immigration to the United States increased markedly following changes to the immigration law in 1965. Hispanic and Latino contributions in the historical past and present of the United States are addressed in more detail below (See Notables and their contributions). To recognize the current and historic contributions of Hispanic and Latino Americans, on September 17, 1968, President Lyndon B. Johnson designated a week in mid-September as National Hispanic Heritage Week, with Congress's authorization. In 1988, President Ronald Reagan extended the observance to a month, designated National Hispanic Heritage Month. As of 2017, Hispanics accounted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3791251", "score": "0.8917602", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Asian Americans", "text": "Chief of Staff Eric Shinseki. Asian Americans have made many notable contributions to Science and Technology. Asian Americans have contributed to sports in the United States through much of the 20th Century. Some of the most notable contributions include Olympic sports, but also in professional sports, particularly in the post-World War II years. As the Asian American population grew in the late 20th century, Asian American contributions expanded to more sports. In recognition of the unique culture, traditions, and history of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, the United States government has permanently designated the month of May to be Asian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1316058", "score": "0.8897331", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Asian Pacific American Heritage Month", "text": "the Year and Most Valuable Player Ichiro Suzuki. Furthermore, actresses like Lucy Liu take on major female roles in movies that send a message of hope and progress in Asian American eyes. During APAHM, communities celebrate the achievements and contributions of Asian and Pacific Americans with community festivals, government-sponsored activities and educational activities for students. \"Northeast and East:\" \"West Coast:\" \"South and Southeast:\" \"Midwest:\" International: http://asianpacificheritage.gov/about/ https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/features/2016/0516_aapi/Asian_American_Pacific_Islander_Heritage_Month_2016_slide_3.pdf http://capac-chu.house.gov/about-me/purpose-mission-goals http://www.asian-nation.org/index.shtml Asian Pacific American Heritage Month Asian Pacific American Heritage Month (APAHM), now officially proclaimed Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month, takes place in May. It celebrates the culture, traditions, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7627909", "score": "0.8854457", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Americans", "text": "has also had impact. A cultural melting pot, or pluralistic salad bowl, describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics. In addition to the United States, Americans and people of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, and make up the American diaspora. The United States of America is a diverse country, racially, and ethnically. Six races are officially recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau for statistical purposes: White, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12580390", "score": "0.8811791", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Ethnic interest groups in the United States", "text": "Ethnic interest groups in the United States Ethnic interest groups in the United States are ethnic interest groups within the United States which seek to influence the foreign policy and, to a lesser extent, the domestic policy of the United States for the benefit of the foreign \"ethnic kin\" or homeland with whom the respective ethnic groups identify. \"Being a country founded and populated by immigrants, the United States has always contained groups with significant affective and political ties to their national homeland and their ethnic kin throughout the world.\" Many commentators when discussing the influence of ethnic interest groups", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9131853", "score": "0.8767772", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Hispanophone", "text": "until the 20th century. Hispanic Americans have fought in all the wars of the United States and have earned some of the highest distinctions awarded to U.S. soldiers (list of Hispanic Medal of Honor recipients). Historic figures in the United States have been Hispanic from early times. Some recent famous people include actress Rita Hayworth and baseball legends Lefty Gomez and Ted Williams. The National Hispanic Heritage Month is celebrated in the United States from September 15 to October 15. The term \"Hispanic\" is cultural and not racial. The racial diversity found among Hispanics stems from the fact that Hispanic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3670796", "score": "0.87140965", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Culture of the United States", "text": "Native American or American Indian, African American, Asian and White (European American). According to the U.S. government, Hispanic Americans do not constitute a race, but rather an ethnic group. During the 2000 U.S. Census, Whites made up 75.1% of the population; those who are Hispanic or Latino constituted the nation's prevalent minority with 12.5% of the population. African Americans made up 12.3% of the total population, 3.6% were Asian American and 0.7% were Native American. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution—ratified on Dec 6, 1865—abolished slavery in the United States. The northern states had outlawed slavery in their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12373062", "score": "0.87111276", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Americans", "text": "those over half (52%) live in either Hawaii or California, with no other states having populations greater than 100,000. The largest concentration of Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, is Honolulu County in Hawaii, and Los Angeles County in the continental United States. The United States has a growing multiracial identity movement. Multiracial Americans numbered 7.0 million in 2008, or 2.3% of the population; by the 2010 census the Multiracial increased to 9,009,073, or 2.9% of the total population. They can be any combination of races (White, Black or African American, Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12580411", "score": "0.8711104", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Native American Indian Heritage Month", "text": "provide educational programs for their employees regarding Native American history, rights, culture and contemporary issues, to better assist them in their jobs and for overall awareness. On October 31, 2013, President Barack Obama made a Presidential proclamation that November 2013 as \"Native American Heritage Month\". On October 31, 2017, President Donald Trump proclaimed November 2017 as \"Native American Heritage Month\". A Cherokee American Indian, J.C. Elliott-High Eagle, authored (S.J. Res. 209) for American Indian Awareness Week, October 10 - 16, 1976, signed by President Gerald R. Ford . This became the first official week of national recognition for the American", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13983305", "score": "0.8683581", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Ethnic interest groups in the United States", "text": "best, may only align with broad \"American interests\" by chance. Political scientist Thomas Ambrosio writes in 2002 that there \"has been a growing acceptance that ethnic identity groups have the right to mobilize politically for the purpose of influencing U.S. policies at home and abroad. This has resulted in a rise in the number and ethnic lobbies as well as their influence.\" Additional trends include an \"increasing rejection of cultural assimilation and, in its place, growing support for expressions of ethnic diversity\" as well as a decreasing tendency for Americans \"to make charges of disloyalty against those who retain ties", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9131857", "score": "0.86834276", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Model minority", "text": "many contributions to American society such as Ugandan Americans. Recent statistics indicate that Ugandans have become one of the country's biggest contributors to the economy, their contribution, amounting to US$1 billion in annual remittances which are disproportionately large contributions despite a community and population of less than 13,000. African immigrants like many other immigrant groups are likely to establish and find success in small businesses. Many Africans that have seen the social and economic stability that comes from ethnic enclaves such as Chinatowns have recently been establishing ethnic enclaves of their own at much higher rates to reap the benefits", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3295972", "score": "0.8670871", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Native American Indian Heritage Month", "text": "and local Governments, groups and organizations and the people of the United States to observe such month with appropriate programs, ceremonies and activities”. This was a landmark Bill honoring America’s Tribal people. This commemorative month aims to provide a platform for Native people in the United States of America to share their culture, traditions, music, crafts, dance, and ways and concepts of life. This gives Native people the opportunity to express to their community, both city, county and state officials their concerns and solutions for building bridges of understanding and friendship in their local area. Federal Agencies are encouraged to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13983304", "score": "0.86687607", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Multiracial Americans", "text": "or African-American,\" \"Asian,\" \"American Indian or Alaskan Native,\" \"Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander\" and \"Other.\" Further details are given in the article: Race and ethnicity in the United States Census. The OMB made its directive mandatory for all government forms by 2003. In 2000, Cindy Rodriguez reported on reactions to the new census: Some multiracial individuals feel marginalized by U.S. society. For example, when applying to schools or for a job or when taking standardized tests, Americans are sometimes asked to check boxes corresponding to race or ethnicity. Typically, about five race choices are given, with the instruction to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12662941", "score": "0.8648063", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Miss Asian America", "text": "at pageant events. In reviewing the Cold War legacy and its relationship with Asian American communities in the United States, Ofori-Mensa argues that the Asian American community was able to \"utilize pageants strategically, by insisting on the centrality of people of color to U.S. national identity, and by re-imagining the nation as a transnational space where people of color are not systematically excluded.\" Miss Asian America Miss Asian America (founded August 1, 1987) is the longest-running ethnic pageant in the United States of America. Initiated as a part of the Asian Heritage Celebration for the County of Santa Clara in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17761776", "score": "0.86318195", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Native American Day", "text": "Native American Day Native American Day is a holiday in the U.S. states of California and Nevada celebrated annually on the fourth Friday of September, as well as in South Dakota on the second Monday in October in lieu of Columbus Day. It honors Native American cultures and contributions to their respective states and the United States. The state of Tennessee observes a similar American Indian Day each year on the fourth Monday of September. In 1968, Governor Ronald Reagan signed a resolution calling for a holiday called American Indian Day, to be held the Fourth Friday in September. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6206516", "score": "0.8611472", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Indigenous Peoples' Day", "text": "in 1989 in South Dakota, where Lynn Hart and Governor Mickelson backed a resolution to celebrate Native American day on the second Monday of October, marking the beginning of the year of reconciliation in 1990. It was instituted in Berkeley, California, in 1992, to coincide with the 500th anniversary of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas. Two years later, Santa Cruz, California, instituted the holiday, and in the 2010s, various other cities and states took it up. It is similar to Native American Day, observed in September in California and Tennessee. In 1977, the International Conference on Discrimination", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13893202", "score": "0.860458", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Irish-American Heritage Month", "text": "Irish-American Heritage Month Irish-American Heritage Month is celebrated by proclamation of the President and Congress in the United States to honor the achievements and contributions of Irish immigrants and their descendants living in the United States. It was first celebrated in 1991. The heritage month is in March to coincide with Saint Patrick's Day, the Irish national holiday on March 17. Heritage Months are usually proclaimed by nations to celebrate centuries of contributions by a group to a country. Saint Patrick's Day is a Roman Catholic religious holiday that honors the saint, who introduced Christianity to Ireland in the early", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6620895", "score": "0.86019206", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month", "text": "Congress, by , designated the month of October 1989 as \"Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month.\" Congress again proclaimed October as Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month for 1990 () and 1993/1994 (). Within the authority of the Executive Branch, the President of the United States has also issued a proclamation in 1989 and 1990 by George H.W. Bush, in 1993 Bill Clinton, and in 2010 by Barack Obama. Federal Register search for presidential documents with \"Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month\" Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month is celebrated by proclamation of the President and Congress in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20668810", "score": "0.859348", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "West Indian Americans", "text": "On June 5, 2006, George W. Bush issued a presidential proclamation declaring than June be annually recognized as National Caribbean American Heritage Month to celebrate the contributions of Caribbean Americans (both naturalized and US citizens by birth) in the United States. Since the declaration, the White House has issued an annual proclamation recognizing June as National Caribbean-American Heritage Month. The Institute of Caribbean Studies based in Washington DC is the lead organization behind the Campaign which led to the establishment of Caribbean American Heritage Month. West Indian Americans West Indian Americans or Caribbean Americans are Americans who can trace their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10005177", "score": "0.85776454", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Minority Enterprise Development Week", "text": "Minority Enterprise Development Week National Minority Enterprise Development Week, also known as National MED Week, is a special week in the month of October, observed in the United States to recognize and celebrate the achievements and contributions of the minority business enterprise community. President Ronald Reagan first recognized National MED Week in 1983. Each year, every President of the United States officially recognizes National MED Week through a Presidential Proclamation. The week is formally celebrated each year by the Minority Business Development Agency, a U.S. government agency housed within the U.S. Department of Commerce. President Donald Trump became the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20612956", "score": "0.8549385", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders", "text": "16 million Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) across our country have helped build a strong and vibrant America. The AAPI communities represent many ethnicities and languages that span generations, and their shared achievements are an important part of the American experience... While we acknowledge the many contributions of the AAPI communities to our Nation, we also recognize the challenges still faced by many AAPIs... The purpose of this order is to establish a President's Advisory Commission on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders and a White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders... to improve the quality of life", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18128415", "score": "0.85452795", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Asian Pacific American Heritage Month", "text": "needs of the Asian American and Pacific Islander communities; To educate other Members of Congress about the history, contributions and concerns of Asian American and Pacific Islanders; To work with other Members and Caucuses to protect and advance the civil and constitutional rights of all Americans; To establish policies on legislation and issues relating to persons of Asian and/or Pacific Islands ancestry who are citizens or nationals of, residents of, or immigrants to, the United States, its territories and possessions; and To provide a structure to coordinate the efforts, and enhance the ability, of the Asian American and Pacific Islander", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7627907", "score": "0.8513111", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "Filipino American History Month", "long_answer": "Filipino American History Month (also known as FAHM) is celebrated in the United States during the month of October. The Filipino American National Historical Society established Filipino American History Month in the year 1988. In California and Hawaii, where a large number of Filipino Americans reside, Filipino American History Month is widely celebrated. Many Filipino American organizations in these states often initiate their own independent celebrations.", "chunked_long_answer": "Filipino American History Month (also known as FAHM) is celebrated in the United States during the month of October. The Filipino American National Historical Society established Filipino American History Month in the year 1988. In California and Hawaii, where a large number of Filipino Americans reside, Filipino American History Month is widely celebrated. Many Filipino American organizations in these states often initiate their own independent celebrations.", "short_answers": [ "Filipino American", "Filipino Americans" ] }

[ "Payson", "Jordan", "Lauren", "Colleen", "Kaylie" ]

[ { "title": "Make It or Break It", "text": "Season Three opens with Payson, Lauren, and Kaylie heading to the American Olympic Training Center as they prepare for the 2012 London Olympics. They deal with a new coach and teammates, including upcoming gymnasts. Max and Payson have a relationship through letters; on the first day Payson receives a letter in which Max breaks up with her because he's confused. Later Payson, Lauren, Kaylie, and Austin are having a conversation based around the breakup and Austin admits to the group that Max was bisexual and that they shared a kiss on the night of the party which leaves all three girls stunned. An uninvited gymnast, Jordan Randall, convinces Coach MacIntire to let her train with the group, causing tension. Coach Mac pairs up the girls, forcing Kaylie to live and work with Kelly Parker and Lauren to work with Payson. They eventually become close friends. Kelly is not good enough for the Olympics and leaves gymnastics. Payson has a new romance with Rigo (Tom Maden). Payson finds out that Lauren has an irregular heart beat, but Lauren has heart surgery. Austin does not make the Olympic Team and blames Kaylie. Jordan reveals that a former coach, Coach Keagan, molested her when she was young. Desperate to ensure her spot on the team, Wendy drugs Kaylie with a cold medicine containing a banned substance. After Austin and Kaylie reunite, then Lauren, Payson, and Jordan tell the NGO that they are boycotting Olympic tryouts unless Kaylie is allowed to perform. Lauren discovers the secret Wendy has been hiding and exposes her, getting Wendy kicked out. The season three finale culminates with the five girls, Payson, Lauren, Kaylie, plus Jordan, and finally Colleen, being chosen to represent the U.S. in the Olympics.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Make It or Break It", "text": "It\", which shows how the stars manage the acting with the difficult stunts they do. Make It or Break It Make It or Break It ( \"MIOBI)\" is an American teen/family comedy-drama television series that focused on the lives of teen gymnasts who strived to make it to the Olympic Games. The series was inspired by Touchstone's 2006 teen comedy-drama film \"Stick It\". It premiered on ABC Family on June 22, 2009, with 2.5 million viewers. The show was picked up for an additional 10 episodes on July 27, 2009, which started airing on January 4, 2010, bringing the total", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13025047", "score": "1.1361599", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Make It or Break It", "text": "Make It or Break It Make It or Break It ( \"MIOBI)\" is an American teen/family comedy-drama television series that focused on the lives of teen gymnasts who strived to make it to the Olympic Games. The series was inspired by Touchstone's 2006 teen comedy-drama film \"Stick It\". It premiered on ABC Family on June 22, 2009, with 2.5 million viewers. The show was picked up for an additional 10 episodes on July 27, 2009, which started airing on January 4, 2010, bringing the total number of episodes in the first season to 20. In January 2010, the show was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13025023", "score": "1.1289017", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Chelsea Hobbs", "text": "Emily Kmetko, an aspiring Olympic gymnast from the wrong side of the tracks, in ABC Family's \"Make It or Break It\". Hobbs was absent from the final 3 episodes of season 2 of \"Make It or Break\", as she and her husband were expecting their second child. In October 2011 she announced that she would not be returning for season 3. In April 2010, Hobbs (playing Courtney Haywood) and her \"Make It or Break It\" co-star Cassie Scerbo (as Hillary Swanson) guest starred on the \"\" episode \"Spring Breakdown\". In 2013, she starred in the Lifetime TV thriller \"The Trainer\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8850134", "score": "0.85931176", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Breaking the Surface", "text": "Breaking the Surface Breaking the Surface is a best-selling book by Greg Louganis, co-written with Eric Marcus published in 1996. The book spent five weeks at number one on the \"New York Times\" Best Seller list. Louganis chronicles his winning of back-to-back double gold medals at the 1984 Summer Olympics and 1988 Summer Olympics, and his self-doubt and lack of confidence that held him back personally and professionally because of concealing his sexual orientation as a gay athlete. This is about him coming out as an HIV-positive gay man. As a follow-up to the success of the book, Canadian television", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13617142", "score": "0.83073306", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Stephanie Brown Trafton", "text": "2012, she secured her third trip to the Olympics, after a definitive performance at that year's American Olympic trials. Still, the best-performing American of 2012 finished off the medals podium in London in seventh place. Brown Trafton has said she was inspired to become an Olympian as a 4-year-old watching Mary Lou Retton perform in the 1984 Summer Olympics. After a youth of attempting several different sports, she eventually divided her time between athletics and basketball. She competed in the discus and shot put at Arroyo Grande High School, and was the CIF California State Meet high school champion in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12347888", "score": "0.811324", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games", "text": "send 13 on-ice officials to help with the Games. NHL management was hesitant to commit to the tournament; Bettman argued the Olympic break is a \"strain on the players, on the schedule and on fans\", adding that \"the benefits we get tend to be greater when the Olympics are in North America than when they're in distant time zones.\" According to Bettman, most of the NHL team owners agree with his position, and feel that the league does not receive enough benefits to justify the schedule break and risk of player injuries. René Fasel wants NHL participation and vowed that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5078292", "score": "0.80768335", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Brittany Schussler", "text": "likely to be Schussler's last competitive games and Schussler was aware of that with her mind to finally achieve at least one Olympic medal. Schussler said of Sochi that \"Going into Sochi, I want to focus on leaving knowing that I had the races I want to have at the Olympics. If that doesn't mean a medal, that's sad. But it would be more disappointing to leave knowing I didn't have the races I wanted to have and didn't deliver the performance I could have. I want to cross the finish line knowing I've shown what I'm made of and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11664577", "score": "0.8014854", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Chelsea Hobbs", "text": "Chelsea Hobbs Chelsea Hobbs (born February 18, 1985) is a Canadian actress. She is known for roles such as Gerda in the 2002 television film \"Snow Queen\", and as Emily Kmetko the ABC Family teen drama \"Make It or Break It\". Hobbs is of Irish, Scottish and Swedish descent. Hobbs attended an advanced secondary school arts curriculum school, being enrolled in an intensive acting program. Starting at age 3, Hobbs began dancing. During her youth, Hobbs has appeared in over 40 commercials, and has appeared in the kids' improvisational TV series, \"No Adults Aloud\". Her lead role as \"Gerda\" in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8850132", "score": "0.7974365", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Doping at the Olympic Games", "text": "drink \"magic\" potions and eat exotic meats in the hopes of giving them an athletic edge on their competition. If they were caught cheating, their likenesses were often engraved into stone and placed in a pathway that led to the Olympic stadium. In the modern Olympic era, chemically enhancing one's performance has evolved into a sophisticated science, but in the early years of the Modern Olympic movement the use of performance-enhancing drugs was almost as crude as its ancient predecessors. For example, the winner of the marathon at the 1904 Games, Thomas Hicks, was given strychnine and brandy by his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7245640", "score": "0.79595417", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Albert Hall (athlete)", "text": "on the August 14th, 1960 broadcast of What's My Line where the guests were associated with the Olympics, including Jesse Owens as the \"mystery guest\". He attended Cornell University where he was the intercollegiate heptagonal track and field champion on three occasions. He set multiple meet records at major events and was captain of the 1955–56 Cornell team, winning recognition as Athlete of the Year that season by \"The Cornell Daily Sun\". He was also a member of the Quill and Dagger society. Hall finished in first place at the US Olympic Trials in 1956, and came in fourth place,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12661492", "score": "0.79572016", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "China at the 2014 Winter Olympics", "text": "Vancouver Wang Meng, broke her ankle during a crash during ice training on January 15, 2014 and did not compete at the Olympics. Creating a big blow to the medal chances for China, and an emotional impact on the team with only a month remaining before Sochi. China was handed another blow with disqualification from the women's 3000m relay final at Sochi, after impeding on the last lap giving arch rival Korea the gold medal. Korea was handed the same disqualification in Vancouver that gave China the gold medal four years earlier. Fan Kexin was set to win the 500m", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17150327", "score": "0.79442775", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Olympic Gold (video game)", "text": "athlete has a fictional name and nationality (choosing from UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United States, Japan and the Unified Team, everyone with its own anthem snippet) and actual strengths and weaknesses: \"J. Balen\", for instance, is a frequent 100 m and 110 m hurdles record breaker but only an average hammer thrower. Also, each computer-controlled player seems better in a particular event depending on his country: Germans usually take the top spots in archery, Italians on swimming, Russians on pole vault, Americans on sprinting and so on. The game allows the player to practice, play mini-Olympics (where some events", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4060032", "score": "0.7924211", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Stephanie Brown Trafton", "text": "Brown Trafton was presented with the key to the City of Galt by Mayor Andrew Meredith. She and her husband are both recreational hunters. She quipped to reporters that the downside of the Beijing Olympics was that they occurred just as hunting season opened in California. In 2008 she won the Jesse Owens Award, USATF's highest award to the Athlete of the Year. Brown Trafton confirmed her intention to compete in the 2012 Summer Olympics immediately after winning in Beijing. Noting the difficulties her sport has had with doping, she set a personal goal for the future of being \"the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12347901", "score": "0.7920767", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Brazil at the 1932 Summer Olympics", "text": "the first South American woman to compete in the Olympics - to spend less. Afterwards, the \"Itaquicê\" went to San Francisco to sell more coffee, and there the water polo, rowing and athletics competitors got financed and authorized to leave, but 15 athletes still remained on the ship and did not compete. (A false account had said only 24 athletes went ashore and an attempt to get the rest of them off the boat failed when a check from the Brazilian Consulate in San Francisco for the rest of the head tax was devalued by the time it arrived and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9066549", "score": "0.79189163", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Sally Newmarch", "text": "and Halliday were picked. Both women's preparations were hampered by cycling accidents in training. They both broke ribs three months out from the Olympics and were prevented from racing in the lead-up World Cups. In Athens 2004 their technical proficiency in blustery conditions saw them win both their heat and semi-final convincingly and they became gold medal favourites. In their heat they set a new world record time for the LW2X – as of 2018 it still stands as an Olympic record. But the 2004 Olympic final was rowed in calm, glassy conditions and Newmarch and Halliday's disrupted fitness program", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10168398", "score": "0.7914461", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Make It", "text": "Make It \"Make It\" is the first song on Aerosmith's self-titled debut album, \"Aerosmith\". It was released as a promo single for the album, but got little to no airplay. The song begins with the protagonist welcoming people to a show and tells them he has something they should know, the info in question is to make it and not break it, which means to succeed in achieving your dreams and not letting anything stop you (much like Aerosmith in their early club days performing up to three shows a day trying to get a record deal). In the authorized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16724400", "score": "0.7882413", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Olympics (band)", "text": "The Olympics (band) The Olympics are an American doo-wop group, formed in 1957 by lead singer Walter Ward (August 28, 1940 – December 11, 2006). The group also included Eddie Lewis (tenor, Ward's cousin), Charles Fizer (tenor), Walter Hammond (baritone), and Melvin King (bass) and except for Lewis were friends in a Los Angeles, California, high school. Their first record was credited to Walter Ward and the Challengers (\"I Can Tell\" on Melatone Records). After the name change, they recorded \"Western Movies\" (Demon Records) in the summer of 1958. Co-written by Fred Smith and Cliff Goldsmith, \"Western Movies\" made it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6720129", "score": "0.786336", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Nastia Liukin", "text": "competitive gymnastics, Liukin had cameo roles in the April 2006 Touchstone Pictures film \"Stick It\", a 2008 episode of \"Gossip Girl\" and a quick cameo appearance on the Bravo TV show \"NYC Prep\". She has expressed a desire to become an actress in the future. Following the Beijing Olympics, Liukin appeared on many talk shows in the United States, including \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\", \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" and \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\". She also appeared in the second season of \"Make It or Break It\". Liukin was on The Tour of Gymnastics Superstars, which was broadcast", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7141500", "score": "0.7858847", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Dan & Dave", "text": "was hoping to rebound with their endorsement. The series of television spots featured the same general message: \"Who will be the world's greatest athlete – Dan or Dave? To be settled this summer in Barcelona.\" Reebok's plan went awry five weeks before the Games began, when O'Brien failed to qualify for the American Olympic team by missing the pole vault during the Olympic trials in New Orleans. This resulted in Reebok modifying the television spots to feature Dan cheering Dave on. \"Dan & Dave\" made O'Brien and Johnson—both unknowns outside the world of track and field—into household names in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13146785", "score": "0.78574175", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Baseball at the Summer Olympics", "text": "more than 300 athletes from the 2012 Olympics. The two slots left available by the IOC's elimination were subsequently filled by golf and rugby sevens in 2016. This decision was reaffirmed on February 9, 2006. In the stands during the 2008 bronze medal game between the U.S. and Japan, IOC head Jacques Rogge was interviewed by MLB.com's Mark Newman and cited various criteria for baseball to earn its way back in: \"To be on the Olympic program is an issue where you need universality as much as possible. You need to have a sport with a following, you need to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5072941", "score": "0.78445184", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Holly Sorensen", "text": "before having \"Make It or Break It\" produced in late 2008 and going to series, airing in 2009 to 2012. Sorensen now lives in Los Angeles with her family and most recently created the YouTube Red series \"\". Holly Sorensen Holly Sorensen is an American film producer and screenwriter. Holly Sorensen was born and raised in Montana, and was given scholarships to the Annie Wright School in Tacoma, Washington and Dartmouth College, where she studied philosophy and film. After serving stints as a personal shopper at Saks Fifth Avenue in New York, a bartender at Wrigley Field, a cook in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13576610", "score": "0.784117", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Quadruple jump controversy", "text": "skaters could skate the same program. The Olympics had always been viewed as the event where athletes came to push the boundaries of their sport, take risks and set new records. Now, according to Stojko, \"...You don't have to risk it. You can play it safe and win gold. In what other sports do you have to hold back in order to win?\" When asked why he had decided to include the quad in his short and long programs for the 2008 US Championships, Lysacek's own answer indicated that he was once in agreement with Stojko's reasoning: \"I think it's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14495144", "score": "0.78339076", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Principle 6 campaign", "text": "Olympics before, during, and after the games, also went out, with various organizations and groups organizing efforts. In addition several politicians, including U.S. President Barack Obama, and members of his administration, and other world leaders have publicly stated they would not attend, and these actions have been tied to the protest efforts. In the U.S., the Olympic delegation is made up of several LGBT Olympians, and athletes including Brian Boitano, and Martina Navratilova. In response to protest and boycott efforts, corporations and the IOC have made steps to guarantee the safety of their employees, athletes, and staff, who are in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18141992", "score": "0.7833299", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "2008 Summer Olympics", "text": "scandal broke in September 2008, there was widespread speculation that China's desire for a perfect Games may have been a factor contributing towards the delayed recall of contaminated infant formula. The games were hit by a number of doping scandals before and after the games had commenced. Seven Russian track and field stars were suspended just before the start of the games for allegedly tampering with their urine samples, only five of the seven were due to take part in the games. Eleven Greek weightlifters also failed tests in the run up to the games and the entire Bulgarian weightlifting", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "835502", "score": "0.78290176", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Lesley Thompson", "text": "silver at the 2012 London Olympics she became the first Canadian to win medals at five different Olympic Games. A former track athlete, she also competed in gymnastics until 1983. She lives in London and St. Catharines and is affiliated with the London RC Club. She was elected to the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame in 1994. She initially retired after the 2000 Sydney Olympics, missing the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Her appearance at the 2008 Olympics, when her team lost out on a medal by 0.79 seconds, began back in 2005 when she made a joke to rowing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11456642", "score": "0.782477", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Great Britain at the Olympics", "text": "most successful female Olympian for GB is cyclist Laura Trott, who has four gold medals, while the most decorated female Olympians are Katherine Grainger and Kathleen McKane Godfree, with five medals each - one gold and four silver for Grainger, a gold, two silver and two bronze for McKane Godfree. Alongside five time gold medalist Redgrave, Grainger, Ainslie, Wiggins and Jack Beresford are the only British Olympians to win medals of any colour in five successive Games. In 1908, the country finished in the Olympic table in first place for the first and only time in its history; its most", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6837695", "score": "0.78166604", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Viktoria Komova", "text": "with International Gymnast Magazine: \"I haven't disappeared. I still train at Round Lake. In competition, I have a temporary break. Maybe I'll come back for the University Games in Kazan, but that will depend on being accepted to university. In the summer, I'll finish school, and I have to apply. If I don't go to the University Games, I will go a little later to a World Cup, this is for sure. Also, competing at the World Championships in September is definitely not out of the question, of course!\" In late August, she was diagnosed with viral meningitis and was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15024638", "score": "0.7814213", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Doping at the Olympic Games", "text": "have shown that the effort to eliminate performance-enhancing drugs from the Olympics is not over, as several medalists in weightlifting and cross-country skiing were disqualified due to failing a drug test. During the 2006 Winter Olympics, only one athlete failed a drug test and had a medal revoked. The IOC-established drug testing regimen (now known as the \"Olympic Standard\") has set the worldwide benchmark that other sporting federations attempt to emulate. During the Beijing games, 3,667 athletes were tested by the IOC under the auspices of the World Anti-Doping Agency. Both urine and blood testing was used in a coordinated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7245649", "score": "0.7811985", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Great Britain at the Olympics", "text": "four silver medals. Kathleen McKane Godfree also won five medals, but were one gold, two silvers, and two bronzes. Lizzy Yarnold is the most successful British athlete at the Winter Olympics, with two gold medals. Chris Hoy, Jason Kenny (both cycling), Ben Ainslie (sailing) Alistair Brownlee (Triathlon) and Lizzy Yarnold (skeleton) are the most successful Olympic competitors in their sports, as of 2018. Steve Redgrave and Reginald Doherty are the most successful male athletes in their respective sports, rowing and tennis. In addition, Shirley Robertson, Sarah Ayton and Sarah Webb with two gold medals in sailing, Nicola Adams in boxing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6837704", "score": "0.780672", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

{ "title": "Make It or Break It", "long_answer": "Season Three opens with Payson, Lauren, and Kaylie heading to the American Olympic Training Center as they prepare for the 2012 London Olympics. They deal with a new coach and teammates, including upcoming gymnasts. Max and Payson have a relationship through letters; on the first day Payson receives a letter in which Max breaks up with her because he's confused. Later Payson, Lauren, Kaylie, and Austin are having a conversation based around the breakup and Austin admits to the group that Max was bisexual and that they shared a kiss on the night of the party which leaves all three girls stunned. An uninvited gymnast, Jordan Randall, convinces Coach MacIntire to let her train with the group, causing tension. Coach Mac pairs up the girls, forcing Kaylie to live and work with Kelly Parker and Lauren to work with Payson. They eventually become close friends. Kelly is not good enough for the Olympics and leaves gymnastics. Payson has a new romance with Rigo (Tom Maden). Payson finds out that Lauren has an irregular heart beat, but Lauren has heart surgery. Austin does not make the Olympic Team and blames Kaylie. Jordan reveals that a former coach, Coach Keagan, molested her when she was young. Desperate to ensure her spot on the team, Wendy drugs Kaylie with a cold medicine containing a banned substance. After Austin and Kaylie reunite, then Lauren, Payson, and Jordan tell the NGO that they are boycotting Olympic tryouts unless Kaylie is allowed to perform. Lauren discovers the secret Wendy has been hiding and exposes her, getting Wendy kicked out. The season three finale culminates with the five girls, Payson, Lauren, Kaylie, plus Jordan, and finally Colleen, being chosen to represent the U.S. in the Olympics.", "chunked_long_answer": "Season Three opens with Payson, Lauren, and Kaylie heading to the American Olympic Training Center as they prepare for the 2012 London Olympics. They deal with a new coach and teammates, including upcoming gymnasts. Max and Payson have a relationship through letters; on the first day Payson receives a letter in which Max breaks up with her because he's confused. Later Payson, Lauren, Kaylie, and Austin are having a conversation based around the breakup and Austin admits to the group that Max was bisexual and that they shared a kiss on the night of the party which leaves all three girls stunned. An uninvited gymnast, Jordan Randall, convinces Coach MacIntire to let her train with the group, causing tension. Coach Mac pairs up the girls, forcing Kaylie to live and work with Kelly Parker and Lauren to work with Payson. They eventually become close friends. Kelly is not good enough for the Olympics and leaves gymnastics. Payson has a new romance with Rigo (Tom Maden). Payson finds out that Lauren has an irregular heart beat, but Lauren has heart surgery. Austin does not make the Olympic Team and blames Kaylie. Jordan reveals that a former coach, Coach Keagan, molested her when she was young. Desperate to ensure her spot on the team, Wendy drugs Kaylie with a cold medicine containing a banned substance. After Austin and Kaylie reunite, then Lauren, Payson, and Jordan tell the NGO that they are boycotting Olympic tryouts unless Kaylie is allowed to perform. Lauren discovers the secret Wendy has been hiding and exposes her, getting Wendy kicked out. The season three finale culminates with the five girls, Payson, Lauren, Kaylie, plus Jordan, and finally Colleen, being chosen to represent the U.S. in the Olympics.", "short_answers": [ "Colleen", "Jordan", "Kaylie", "Lauren", "Payson" ] }

[ "Kryptonite" ]

[ { "title": "Superman", "text": "Superman is most vulnerable to green Kryptonite, mineral debris from Krypton transformed into radioactive material by the forces that destroyed the planet. Exposure to green Kryptonite radiation nullifies Superman's powers and immobilizes him with pain and nausea; prolonged exposure will eventually kill him. The only substance on Earth that can protect him from Kryptonite is lead, which blocks the radiation. Lead is also the only known substance that Superman cannot see through with his x-ray vision. Kryptonite was introduced in 1943 as a plot device to allow the radio-serial voice actor, Bud Collyer, to take some time off. Although green Kryptonite is the most commonly seen form, writers have introduced other forms over the years: such as red, gold, blue, white, and black, each with its own effect.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Krypton (comics)", "text": "Krypton (comics) Krypton is a fictional planet appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The planet is the native world of Superman and is named after the element krypton. The planet was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, and was first referred to in \"Action Comics\" #1 (June 1938). The planet made its first full appearance in \"Superman\" #1 (summer 1939). Krypton is also the native world of Supergirl, Krypto the Superdog, and Power Girl (in her case, an alternate-universe version designated \"Krypton-Two\"). It has been consistently described as having been destroyed shortly after Superman's flight from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822292", "score": "1.0862515", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Krypton (comics)", "text": "the 2007 novel \"The Last Days of Krypton\". Krypton (comics) Krypton is a fictional planet appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The planet is the native world of Superman and is named after the element krypton. The planet was created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, and was first referred to in \"Action Comics\" #1 (June 1938). The planet made its first full appearance in \"Superman\" #1 (summer 1939). Krypton is also the native world of Supergirl, Krypto the Superdog, and Power Girl (in her case, an alternate-universe version designated \"Krypton-Two\"). It has been consistently described as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822340", "score": "1.0692129", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Krypton (comics)", "text": "massive crystalline Fortress of Solitude. Inside, an artificially intelligent hologram of Jor-El appeared to him and initiated twelve years of Kryptonian education. These virtual versions of Jor-El and Lara remained as constructs within the Fortress throughout the series. Superman's symbol was given a Kryptonian origin in the film. Male Kryptonians were shown wearing unique symbols on the chests of their robes, similar to a family crest; Jor-El and Kal-El wore the familiar S-shield, which Lois Lane later assumed to be the letter \"S\" from the familiar Latin alphabet, and thus dubs him \"Superman\". The 2006 movie \"Superman Returns\" presents a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822333", "score": "1.0673207", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "LHS 2520", "text": "the story, in which he determines that Superman's home planet, Krypton, orbited LHS 2520. Tyson assisted DC Comics in selecting a real-life star that would be an appropriate parent star to Krypton, and picked the star in Corvus, and which is the mascot of Superman's high school, the Smallville Crows. LHS 2520 LHS 2520, also known as Gliese 3707, is a red dwarf star in the constellation Corvus. With an apparent magnitude of 12.12. it is too faint to be seen with the unaided eye. A cool star of spectral type M3.5V, it has a surface temperature of 3024 K.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18937427", "score": "1.0550902", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Origin of Superman", "text": "\"Superman Comes to Earth,\" depicts Superman's origin in detail. In this version, Krypton is a rugged planet that is home to an advanced civilization of super men and women. As Krypton experiences a series of natural disasters, such as volcanic eruptions and tidal waves, Jor-El calls an emergency session of the governing council to warn them of the planet's impending fate. Jor-El explains that Krypton is being pulled into the sun, which will lead to the planet's destruction in short period of time, and urges the council to sponsor the construction of a fleet of spacecraft to carry the population", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10635437", "score": "1.0380551", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Krypton", "text": "Krypton Krypton (from \"the hidden one\") is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. With rare exceptions, krypton is chemically inert. Krypton, like the other noble gases, is used in lighting and photography. Krypton light has many spectral lines, and krypton plasma is useful in bright, high-powered gas lasers (krypton ion and excimer lasers), each of which resonates and amplifies a single", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10048514", "score": "1.0340972", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Superman (1978 film)", "text": "a planet with a suitable atmosphere where his dense molecular structure will give him superhuman strength and other powers. Shortly after the launch, Krypton's sun explodes, destroying the planet. The ship crash lands on Earth near Smallville, Kansas. Kal-El, who is now three years old, is found by Jonathan and Martha Kent, who are astonished when he lifts their truck. They take him to their farm and raise him as their own, naming him Clark after Martha's maiden name. At 18, soon after Jonathan's death from a heart attack, Clark hears a psychic \"call\" and discovers the glowing green crystal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2284510", "score": "1.0338964", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Superman logo", "text": "also absent from Superman's cape in the 2013 film \"Man of Steel\". In the 2011 reboot of the comic book series, on his cape is a black pentagon and S with red background pieces. In the 1960s the tiny bottle city of Kandor, the miniaturized capital city of the planet Krypton, resided in Superman's Fortress of Solitude. Originally, certain inhabitants resembling Kal-El formed the Superman Emergency Squad and would, on occasion, leave the bottle, enter the Earth's atmosphere and gain super powers in order to aid Superman. As designed by artist Curt Swan, their uniforms were similar to that of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8752494", "score": "1.0325761", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Kryptonian", "text": "gave their homeworld a bluish hue when viewed from space and underlay Kryptonian technology. Relatively small crystals can hold vast amounts of information. The Fortress of Solitude is often portrayed as a recreation of Krypton's surface and a storehouse for all the knowledge that the Kryptonian race had obtained. A pictographic crest or symbol represents each Kryptonian family, or House; the head of the House usually wears it. According to the Superman movie and sequels, a shape similar to the Latin letter \"S\" represents the House of El, for example. Superman wears this same symbol on his costume, which therefore", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2815911", "score": "1.0282023", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Krypton (comics)", "text": "of our Solar System, a Counter-Earth sharing Earth's orbit but on the opposite side of the Sun, hidden from view of the Earth (\"Krypton\" derives from the Greek word for \"hidden\"). Some comics of the early 1950s suggested a similar theory, but in general the comics have depicted Krypton as being in a far-away star system. In the first feature-length \"Superman\" film in 1978, a vastly less idyllic image of Krypton was presented. Whereas in the comics Krypton was colorful and bright, the film depicted the planet with stark bluish-white terrain of jagged frozen plateaus under heavy, dark skies. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822330", "score": "1.0279627", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Ausonium", "text": "in 1938, it was realized that Fermi's discovery was actually a mixture of barium, krypton, and other elements. The actual element was discovered several years later, and assigned the name neptunium. Fascist authorities wanted one of the elements to be named \"littorio\" after the Roman \"lictores\" who carried the \"fasces\", a symbol appropriated by Fascism. Ausonium Ausonium (atomic symbol Ao) was the name assigned to the element with atomic number 93, now known as neptunium. It was named after a Greek name of Italy, Ausonia. The same team assigned the name hesperium to element 94, after Hesperia, a poetic name", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5554636", "score": "1.0235095", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Publication history of Superman", "text": "science fiction elements of Superman's world, including his Kryptonian origins as well as an updated version of his origins. In the version that became established by the early 1960s (and memorably summarized at the start of each episode of the 1950s \"Adventures of Superman\" television series), Superman is born on Krypton as Kal-El, the son of Jor-El (a leader-scientist) and Lara. When Kal-El is two or three years-old, Jor-El learns that Krypton is doomed to explode. He brings this warning to the Science Council, Krypton's rulers. The Science Council refuses to warn their fellow Kryptonians and forbids Jor-El to do", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6747246", "score": "1.0227714", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Krypton (comics)", "text": "a new retelling of Superman's origin and early years, Mark Waid located Krypton in the Andromeda Galaxy 2.5 million light-years away, and adopted elements from several previous versions of the planet. Although usually depicted as a red giant or red supergiant, in this story Rao is mentioned by Jor-El to be a red dwarf. In previous comic versions, it was assumed the \"S\" shield on Superman's costume simply stood for \"Superman\"; in \"Birthright\", Waid presented it as a Kryptonian symbol of hope; he borrowed and modified a concept from \"Superman: The Movie\", wherein the \"S\" was the symbol of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822324", "score": "1.0210583", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Electric blue (color)", "text": "is associated with the astrological sign of Aquarius. In a 1998 retelling of the original 1963 story of Superman Red/Superman Blue, Superman is temporarily deprived of the solar energy needed to provide the energy his body required to give him powers and Superman develops electricity-based abilities, which eventually forces him to adopt a blue and white containment suit to prevent the energy from dispersing. While retaining most of his abilities, he could now also generate electric attacks rather than his original heat-vision. This version of Superman was referred to by some comic book fans as \"Electric Blue Superman\". Electric blue", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10562027", "score": "1.0190563", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Origin of Superman", "text": "of Krypton to Earth. The council votes against Jor-El's proposal, even as the tremors shake their session and grow in frequency. Jor-El returns home where he and his wife Lara send their infant son Kal-El to Earth in a model spacecraft that was intended to test the proposed larger spacecraft. On Earth, Eben and Martha Kent find Kal-El in the spacecraft and pull him from it before it explodes. The Kents decide to raise him as their own and name him Clark. Clark is shown learning about his abilities as he grows up, displaying great strength and speed, x-ray vision,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10635438", "score": "1.0008068", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Origin of Superman", "text": "Origin of Superman The origin of Superman is the story that relates Superman's arrival on Earth and the beginnings of his career as a superhero. The story has been through many revisions through decades of publication in comic books and radio, television and film adaptations. The original story was written by Jerry Siegel and illustrated by Joe Shuster, and published as a part of the character's first appearance in \"Action Comics\" #1 (June 1938). As more stories were published, more details about the original story were established. These stories explored individual details, such as the planet Krypton, the source of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10635392", "score": "0.99997276", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Fortress of Solitude", "text": "\"Superman III\", in which it did not appear), the Fortress is created by a crystal that Jor-El enclosed in Kal-El's spaceship. The crystal leads teenage Clark Kent to an ice field where it is \"planted\" by Clark, after which it melts into the ice and grows into a huge crystalline building, similar to the crystalline architecture shown on Krypton at the beginning of the film. This fortress was also used to start Kal-El's 12-year training to become Superman. This Fortress contains numerous \"memory crystals\" that can be used to access Jor-El's artificial intelligence and hologram, interactive holographic recordings of Lara,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3469456", "score": "0.998155", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Superman ice cream", "text": "Superman ice cream Superman ice cream is an ice cream that comes as a swirl of three colors: blue, red, and yellow, the three colors of Superman's costume. The name of the ice cream comes from the colors of the comic book superhero Superman, though it is not licensed through DC Comics. Superman ice cream is believed to have originated in the Michigan-based ice cream shop Stroh's, though the exact origin remains elusive. Another Michigan dairy House of Flavors in Ludington makes their Superman ice cream with their signature Blue Moon, cherry, and lemon ice creams. The flavor has been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13429702", "score": "0.99801457", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Superman logo", "text": "the \"S\" as a family crest, folklore spun off from there. After the Superman reboot story \"The Man of Steel\", the symbol's story was that it was designed by Jonathan Kent and was derived from an ancient Native American symbol. The symbol was featured on a medicine blanket given to an ancestor of the Kent family by a Native American tribe after he helped to cure them of a plague and was supposed to represent a snake, an animal held to possess healing powers by the tribe (implying that, by wearing this symbol, Superman was a metaphorical healer). This was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8752490", "score": "0.9972812", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Superboy-Prime", "text": "DC Universe. The name \"Superman-Prime\" was first used by Grant Morrison in \"DC One Million\" (1998) for the mainstream Superman in the 853rd century (he is essentially the same Superman from the All-Star Superman storyline). Earth-Prime's Superboy first refers to himself as \"Superboy-Prime\" in \"Infinite Crisis\" #2 (January 2006). Superboy-Prime is from the universe known as Earth Prime, in which the DC heroes are fictional comic book characters. He is the adopted son of Jerry and Naomi Kent. Naomi wanted to name their infant son Clark, after her maiden name, but Jerry, knowing he will also be named like Superman,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7225487", "score": "0.99715525", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Kandor (comics)", "text": "them to life on Earth, but discovered that the pair had a dangerous reaction to the planet's environment which transformed them into mindless, powerful and rampaging beasts who were difficult for Superman to control. As such, Superman decided that, for the time being, the aliens would need to remain in the bottle city with a carefully filtered atmosphere until the problem was resolved. When told the city's original name was \"Kandor\", the aliens decided to keep the name in tribute to its predecessor, touching Superman deeply. In \"Showcase\" #97, Kara Zor-L (Power Girl) was revealed to have spent her early", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2900884", "score": "0.99442995", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Superman", "text": "Superman Superman is a fictional superhero created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster. He first appeared in \"Action Comics\" #1, a comic book published on April 18, 1938. He appears regularly in American comic books published by DC Comics, and has been adapted to radio shows, newspaper strips, television shows, movies, and video games. Superman was born on the planet Krypton, and as a baby named Kal-El, was sent to Earth in a small spaceship by his scientist father Jor-El, moments before Krypton was destroyed in a natural cataclysm. His ship landed in the American countryside, where he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "385476", "score": "0.9902458", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Superman (Earth-One)", "text": "details on the Earth-One Superman's origin and childhood/teenage years, see Superboy (Kal-El).\" The Earth-One Superman's origin story was retold in various stories; the most prominent retellings were in \"Superman\" (volume 1) #146 (July 1961), \"Limited Collectors' Edition\" #C-31 (November–December 1974), and \"Action Comics\" #500 (October 1979). As recounted in these retellings, Superman was born Kal-El on the planet Krypton. Upon learning of Krypton's imminent destruction, his father Jor-El and mother Lara sent Kal-El in an experimental rocket to Earth moments before the planet exploded. Landing outside of the town of Smallville, Kal-El was found and adopted by an elderly farm", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11483290", "score": "0.9890745", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Superman logo", "text": "states that the Kryptonian symbol stands for her family's motto, \"Stronger together.\" Marv Wolfman's novelization of the film \"Superman Returns\" depicts the symbol as belonging to one of the three primary houses of Krypton that brought peace to the planet after a civil uprising, a serpent coiled inside a shield, a warning not to return to the ways of violence and deception. The shield has since been taken as a coat of arms, resulting in Jor-El's continued presence in the council despite his \"mad\" findings. The other two are merely described, including Pol-Us' eye of vigilance and Kol-Ar's open hand", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8752492", "score": "0.98820174", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Superman logo", "text": "Superman logo The Superman shield, also known as the Superman logo, is the iconic emblem for the fictional DC Comics superhero Superman. As a representation of one of the first superheroes, it served as a template for character design decades after Superman's first appearance. The tradition of wearing a representative symbol on the chest was mimicked by many subsequent superheroes, including Batman, Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four, Green Lantern, the Flash, Wonder Woman, Hawkman, and many others. In earlier Superman stories, the logo was simply an initial for \"Superman\", but in the 1978 movie, it became the family crest of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8752484", "score": "0.98711395", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Krypton (comics)", "text": "to Krypton. He picked Corvus, which is Latin for \"crow\", because Superman's high school mascot is a crow. In a 2012 round-table discussion, Tyson stated that he chose to use real science when finding Krypton's location. He explained that many artists may only use bits and pieces of science, allowing for greater latitude in their creativity, but, he said, he wanted to show that using real science, particularly astrophysics, allows for just as much creativity. The first non-comics version of Krypton was presented in the debut storyline of the 1940s \"Superman\" radio series. In the radio show, Krypton was part", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "822329", "score": "0.98587584", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Superman Adventures", "text": "Space\" (February 1998), Superman inhales a poison unleashed by some terrorists and leaves Earth to trace a radiation source that should cure him (though not lethal to Superman, the poison makes him a danger to the rest of Earth). Lobo is pointed to an artifact called the Nirvana Crystal, which emits the radiation source Superman requires. The two team up (not with the best of results) and head to the Maracot System. The owner of the crystal, Squeed, is determined to launch it into the sun to cleanse the universe of evil (as his wife was killed in an accident,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3895332", "score": "0.98448914", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Superman", "text": "Planet\", who is friends with both Superman and Clark Kent, though in most stories he doesn't know that Clark is Superman. Jimmy is frequently described as \"Superman's pal\", and was conceived to give young male readers a relatable characters through which they could fantasize being friends with Superman. In this sense, he serves a similar function to Robin from Batman fiction. In the earliest comic book stories, Clark Kent's employer is George Taylor of \"The Daily Star\", but the second episode of the radio serial changed this to Perry White of the \"Daily Planet\". Perry White does not know Clark", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "385548", "score": "0.9826169", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Origin of Superman", "text": "for \"Elseworlds\" and imaginary stories published by DC Comics. Kal-L is the Superman of the pre-\"Crisis\" Earth-Two. His origin adheres to the basic origin, but he arrives on Earth early in the twentieth century and becomes active as a superhero in 1938. On his version of Krypton, all Kryptonians had superhuman abilities on their home planet due to the planet's greater gravitational pull. Kal-L never had a career as Superboy. The origin stories that appeared in \"Action Comics\" #1 and \"Superman\" #1 are attributed to Kal-L. Superboy-Prime comes from the pre-\"Crisis\" Earth-Prime. On this Earth, Kal-El is teleported to Earth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10635429", "score": "0.9823215", "original_retrieval_index": 41 } ]

{ "title": "Superman", "long_answer": "Superman is most vulnerable to green Kryptonite, mineral debris from Krypton transformed into radioactive material by the forces that destroyed the planet. Exposure to green Kryptonite radiation nullifies Superman's powers and immobilizes him with pain and nausea; prolonged exposure will eventually kill him. The only substance on Earth that can protect him from Kryptonite is lead, which blocks the radiation. Lead is also the only known substance that Superman cannot see through with his x-ray vision. Kryptonite was introduced in 1943 as a plot device to allow the radio-serial voice actor, Bud Collyer, to take some time off. Although green Kryptonite is the most commonly seen form, writers have introduced other forms over the years: such as red, gold, blue, white, and black, each with its own effect.", "chunked_long_answer": "Superman is most vulnerable to green Kryptonite, mineral debris from Krypton transformed into radioactive material by the forces that destroyed the planet. Exposure to green Kryptonite radiation nullifies Superman's powers and immobilizes him with pain and nausea; prolonged exposure will eventually kill him. The only substance on Earth that can protect him from Kryptonite is lead, which blocks the radiation. Lead is also the only known substance that Superman cannot see through with his x-ray vision. Kryptonite was introduced in 1943 as a plot device to allow the radio-serial voice actor, Bud Collyer, to take some time off. Although green Kryptonite is the most commonly seen form, writers have introduced other forms over the years: such as red, gold, blue, white, and black, each with its own effect.", "short_answers": [ "Kryptonite" ] }

[ "\"Kate\" Mulgrew" ]

[ { "title": "Kate Mulgrew", "text": "Katherine Kiernan Maria \"Kate\" Mulgrew (born April 29, 1955) is an American actress. She is known for the roles of Captain Kathryn Janeway on Star Trek: Voyager and Galina \"Red\" Reznikov on Orange Is the New Black. She first came to attention in the role of Mary Ryan on the daytime soap opera Ryan's Hope. Mulgrew has won an Obie Award, and has received a Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award nomination. She is an active member of the Alzheimer's Association National Advisory Council and the voice of Cleveland's MetroHealth System.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1)", "text": "Editing for a Comedy Series and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (Uzo Aduba). Sentenced to 15 months for a crime committed 10 years earlier, Piper Chapman leaves her supportive fiancé Larry for her new home: a women's prison. Her counselor, Sam Healy, empathizes with her and tries to gently give her tips to survive. She grapples with the racial dynamics of prison life and learns some of the rules. Unfortunately, she offends Red, the powerful matriarch of the prison kitchen, who responds by serving Piper a bloody tampon and subsequently starving her. Piper is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17986626", "score": "1.0236223", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1)", "text": "to read for the character Nicky Nichols; \"[Kohan knew] she could do Nicky with her eyes closed. She was perfect,\" said Euston. Uzo Aduba read for the part of Janae Watson but was offered the character Suzanne \"Crazy Eyes\" Warren. Taryn Manning was offered the role of Tiffany \"Pennsatucky\" Doggett. \"This American Life\" host Ira Glass was offered a role as a public radio host, but he declined. The role instead went to Robert Stanton, who plays the fictional host Maury Kind. \"Orange Is the New Black\" has received critical acclaim, particularly praised for humanizing prisoners and for its depiction", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17986632", "score": "1.0225556", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 2)", "text": "that she is in Chicago to testify in the trial of Alex's drug boss, Kubra Balik, and that the stay is temporary. Meanwhile, in Litchfield Penitentiary, a new inmate is raising to power into the prison, by manipulating other inmates and taking control of the drug contraband. Threatened by this new inmate, Red goes to war, to protect her family and her power. \"Orange is the New Black\" received critical acclaim. The series received numerous accolades including: Producers Guild of America Award for Best Episodic Comedy and Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17521364", "score": "1.0182668", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Ian Black (footballer, born 1985)", "text": "was reported that Black had taken a part-time job as a painter. At half time in the match against Dunfermline on 17 December the stadium announcer played Paint it black and after the Edinburgh Derby on 2 January 2012 he revealed a T-shirt with the message \"I'll paint this place maroon\" in reference to his part-time job. On 30 April 2012, Hearts announced that Black would leave Hearts in the summer. Black helped Hearts win the 2011–12 Scottish Cup, defeating Hibernian 5–1 in the 2012 Scottish Cup Final. It was reported on 4 July 2012 that Black had agreed a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9132469", "score": "1.0165857", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 2)", "text": "a Japanese-American inmate named Brook Soso, whom Piper comforts. Taystee's mother figure Vee returns, to disapproval from Taystee. It is revealed that Vee and Red know each other from Vee's previous incarceration. Vee uses Suzanne's outcast desperation to manipulate her, and begins her bid to take back power in the prison. Vee offers to help Poussey sell her hooch to other inmates but Poussey declines. Red starts to grow plants in an old greenhouse as a cover to move contraband into the prison. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On June 27, 2013, prior to the series premiere, Netflix renewed the show for a second", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17521367", "score": "1.0152675", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Otere Black", "text": "season, Black decided to re-sign and continue developing his game under the Hurricanes coaching staff. It was announced towards the end of the 2017 Super Rugby season that Black would move up north, signing to play for the Blues. Although the then 20-year-old Black had only played eleven matches for Manawatu, Colin Cooper, the Māori All Blacks coach, selected him for the 2015 tour to Fiji, playing against the Fiji national, and ending against a specially made New Zealand Barbarians team. Otere Black Otere Black (born 4 May 1995) is a New Zealand rugby union player who currently plays as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18453070", "score": "1.0130022", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "text": "nice, sweet Italian girl.\" Natasha Lyonne was to audition for Alex, but was asked to read for the character Nicky Nichols; \"[Kohan knew] she could do Nicky with her eyes closed. She was perfect,\" said Euston. Laverne Cox, a black transgender woman, was cast as Sophia Burset, a transgender character. \"The Advocate\" touted \"Orange Is the New Black\" as possibly the first women-in-prison narrative to cast a transgender woman for this type of role. Uzo Aduba read for the part of Janae Watson but was offered the character Suzanne \"Crazy Eyes\" Warren. Taryn Manning was offered the role of Tiffany", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16157429", "score": "1.0038874", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1)", "text": "Mendez begins harassing Red when she refuses to help him continue smuggling drugs into the prison. Larry publishes his article about Piper in the New York Times, which turns her into a person of interest for inmates and corrections officers alike. Piper makes peace with Alex and awaits a visit from Larry on Thanksgiving. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Show creator Jenji Kohan read Piper Kerman's memoir after a friend sent it to her. She then set up a meeting with Kerman to pitch her on a TV adaptation, which she notes she \"screwed up\" as she spent most of the time asking Kerman", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17986628", "score": "1.0025251", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 6)", "text": "Dale Soules were promoted to series regulars. The sixth season received positive reviews from critics, with most critics noting its improvement over the previous season. On Metacritic, it has a score of 69 out of 100 based on 14 reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an 84% rating with an average score of 7.3 out of 10 based on 32 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads: \"Brutality and humor continue to mesh effectively in a season of \"Orange Is the New Black\" that stands as a marked improvement from its predecessor, even if some arcs are more inspired than others.\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19372974", "score": "0.9943145", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1)", "text": "then shocked to discover that Alex Vause, her former lover (who recruited her into carrying drug money) is in the same prison. The inmates must campaign among their races for a coveted spot as a prisoners' representative. Piper steers clear of the bizarre political process but might not have a choice but to get involved. Larry's editor wants him to write an article about Piper's incarceration. Former high school track star Janae Watson returns from solitary confinement. Piper wants to reopen the outdoor track but Healy forces her to fulfill several potentially dangerous tasks before he will consider it. Officer", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17986627", "score": "0.9889523", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 2)", "text": "of the more difficult characters I've played. I think it'll be interesting seeing how this character is received, because Jenji has written a character that plays and enjoys the game, and is incredibly engaging and draws people into her, into the big game and has, I have a great deal of fun.\" It was revealed that Lori Petty would have a guest role. In February 2014, Netflix revealed that the season was to be released on June 6, 2014. The second season received critical acclaim. Rotten Tomatoes gave a rating of 98%, with an average rating of 9.1 out of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17521369", "score": "0.98879635", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Ryan-Zico Black", "text": "despite performing well in a central role. Upon making Black his first signing for Kettering Town, Paul Gascoigne noted his new charge's ability to play in midfield or attack: \"He is a versatile player who can score goals from midfield and up front. He will be a great asset\". In an interview with \"Globo Esporte\", Black suggested that a lack of consistency had stopped him reaching the higher levels of the sport. Recalling that transfer rumours had once linked him with Manchester City and Blackburn Rovers, he admitted that although he played very well in spells he had more bad", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17584564", "score": "0.98803616", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "text": "in a Drama Series. \"Orange Is the New Black\" is the first series to score Emmy nominations in both comedy and drama categories. The series has also received six Golden Globe Award nominations, six Writers Guild of America Award nominations, a Producers Guild of America Award, an American Film Institute award, and a Peabody Award. The series begins revolving around Piper Chapman (Taylor Schilling), a woman in her thirties living in New York City who is sentenced to 15 months in Litchfield Penitentiary, a minimum-security women's federal prison in upstate New York. Chapman was convicted of transporting a suitcase full", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16157419", "score": "0.9879887", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "text": "series regulars. On October 17, 2018, Netflix announced that the seventh season would be the series' last and would be released in 2019. \"Orange Is the New Black\" has received critical acclaim. It has been particularly praised for humanizing prisoners and for its depiction of race, sexuality, gender and body types. The first season received positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Metacritic gave it a weighted average score of 79 out of 100 based on reviews from 32 critics, indicating favorable reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, season one has a 94% approval rating based on 47 reviews, with an average rating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16157433", "score": "0.9831961", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "text": "Orange Is the New Black Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Produced by Tilted Productions in association with Lionsgate Television, \"Orange Is the New Black\" premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013. In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season. The sixth season was released on July 27, 2018. On October 17, 2018, it was confirmed that the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16157417", "score": "0.9785387", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Tennessee Volunteers football", "text": "LSU, and the 2008 season opener at UCLA. Lane Kiffin wore the orange pants full-time on the road, except for the 2009 season finale vs. Kentucky, and selected home games. In 2009, the Volunteers wore black jerseys with orange pants on Halloween night against the South Carolina Gamecocks. On October 5, 2013, the team debuted its \"Smokey Gray\" uniforms in an overtime loss to the Georgia Bulldogs at Neyland Stadium. The three new Mach Speed uniforms, which are part of a department-wide contract with Nike that was announced in 2014, introduces a taller, sleeker number font and striping that is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8904300", "score": "0.97632945", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "New Haven Old Black RFC", "text": "Fitness, Christopher Martins Restaurant and Pub, all of whom appear on the club's jerseys (manufactured by KooGa) as well as the New Haven Parks and Recreation Department, and Atlas Chiropractic. New Haven Old Black RFC The New Haven Old Black Rugby Football Club is a rugby club in New Haven, Connecticut. They play in Division II of the Empire Rugby Union. Founded in 1986, they play at Boulevard Field in New Haven. The club's colors are black, green and gold. Prior to the start of the club in the Spring of 1986, there was no rugby in the Greater New", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13538752", "score": "0.9734831", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Andrew Blackshaw", "text": "in Redland Softball Association competitions. In 2004, 2005 and 2006, he was playing for the Redland's U16 club Wildcats Club. His team was undefeated in 2004 and 2005, winning the association championships. In 2004, he was hnoured by his club by being named the Male Player of the Future and the Most Valuable Player for his U16 club. In 2011, he represented his club at the 20th South Brisbane Club Classic. He currently plays for the Raiders in the Redland Softball Association. Blackshaw represented Queensland as a member of the under-16 team in 2004, 2005 and 2006. In 2005, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16373938", "score": "0.9733137", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "text": "New Black\"s fifth season offers up more of the sharp writing and dizzying tonal juggling acts that fans expect – albeit somewhat less successfully.\" The sixth season received positive reviews from critics, with many critics noting its improvement over the previous season. On Metacritic, it has a score of 69 out of 100 based on 14 reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an 84% rating with an average score of 7.3 out of 10 based on 32 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads: \"Brutality and humor continue to mesh effectively in a season of \"Orange Is the New Black\" that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16157439", "score": "0.97128", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1)", "text": "of race, sexuality, gender and body types. The first season received positive reviews from critics, review aggregator Metacritic gave it a weighted average score of 79 out of 100 based on reviews from 32 critics, indicating favorable reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, season one has a 93% approval rating based on 40 reviews, with an average rating of 8.2 out of 10 . The site's critical consensus is \"\"Orange Is the New Black\" is a sharp mix of black humor and dramatic heft, with interesting characters and an intriguing flashback structure.\" Hank Stuever, television critic for \"The Washington Post\", gave \"Orange", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17986633", "score": "0.9711972", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Ian Black (footballer, born 1985)", "text": "in a 4–2 victory over Sheffield United at Bramall Lane in November. Black played regularly for the remainder of the season, helping Shrewsbury avoid relegation and also reach the fifth-round of the FA Cup, although he had a poor disciplinary record, picking up 13 yellow and 2 red cards in less than seven months. Featuring only sporadically at the beginning of the following season, Black scored his second Shrewsbury goal in a 1–1 draw against AFC Wimbledon in September 2016, He left Shrewsbury on 31 January 2017, after having his contract cancelled by mutual consent. In February 2017 he joined", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9132472", "score": "0.97102547", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1)", "text": "for her then-girlfriend Alex Vause (Laura Prepon), an international drug smuggler. \"Orange is the New Black\" received critical acclaim. The series received numerous accolades including: Satellite Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy and Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Comedy Series. Also was nominated for a , and NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Writing in a Dramatic Series. Taylor Schilling was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama. For the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards, the series was honored with 12 nominations, winning Outstanding Casting for a Comedy Series, Outstanding Single-Camera Picture", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17986625", "score": "0.9695727", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Club Universitario de Deportes", "text": "they found that they were no longer white, but yellow. The laundry workers had forgotten to remove the badges from the jerseys and consequently the red color from the badges mixed with the white jerseys giving it a yellow tint. The club had no choice but to use the jersey to play. They managed to win that game and a few others as well and thus the club kept the new-colored kit as a good-luck charm. The badge is a red U inside a deep-red circle drawn by Luis Malaga, one of the founders of the club. Universitario's first stadium", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4196028", "score": "0.967203", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1)", "text": "Is the New Black\" a perfect score. In his review of the series, he stated: \"In Jenji Kohan's magnificent and thoroughly engrossing new series, \"Orange Is the New Black\", prison is still the pits. But it is also filled with the entire range of human emotion and stories, all of which are brought vividly to life in a world where a stick of gum could ignite either a romance or a death threat.\" Maureen Ryan, of \"The Huffington Post\", wrote: \"\"Orange\" is one of the best new programs of the year, and the six episodes I've seen have left me", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17986634", "score": "0.96695334", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black (season 1)", "text": "her the role of Alex. Stone had originally auditioned for the role of Nicky Nichols, but she was not considered \"tough enough\" for the character; she was asked to audition for Lorna Morello instead. Likability was important for Morello, whom casting director Jen Euston deemed \"a very helpful, nice, sweet Italian girl.\" Laverne Cox, a black transgender woman, was cast as Sophia Burset, a transgender character. \"The Advocate\" touted \"Orange Is the New Black\" as possibly the first women-in-prison narrative to cast a transgender woman for this type of role. Natasha Lyonne was to audition for Alex, but was asked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17986631", "score": "0.96617216", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Otere Black", "text": "Otere Black Otere Black (born 4 May 1995) is a New Zealand rugby union player who currently plays as a first five-eighth for in the Mitre 10 Cup. Black attended Hato Paora College for four years before moving on to Tu Toa High School in Palmerston North and graduated in 2013 when he subsequently linked up with the local College Old Boys club. After scoring an impressive 223 points in sixteen games, he was promoted to the Manawatu Turbos ITM Cup side for 2014. His debut campaign with the Turbos was successful for both him and his team. Manawatu finished", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18453068", "score": "0.9658093", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Reservoir Dogs (video game)", "text": "at the warehouse before moving in. Earlier during the heist, Blue makes a last stand against the cops before being killed in a movie theater. In the present, Eddie, Joe, Pink and White return with the diamonds and see Blonde dead. After killing the cop, Eddie confronts Orange as to why he killed Blonde, an old family friend who served four years in jail for his father's crime, accuses him of being the mole who set the job up, and threatens to kill him. White then threatens to kill both Joe and Eddie if they shoot Orange. Joe and Eddie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7794460", "score": "0.96501696", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Orange Is the New Black", "text": "most-watched original series. In 2016, a \"New York Times\" study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that \"Orange Is the New Black\" is one of the shows most watched in urban areas, and despite its \"minority-rich ensemble cast,\" the series \"appeals more to a white audience.\" Orange Is the New Black Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\" (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Produced by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16157446", "score": "0.96427786", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Reda Bellahcene", "text": "already expanded by experienced players. Reda Bellahcene Reda Bellahcene (born January 21, 1993 in Schiltigheim) is a French-Algerian football player who is currently playing for MO Béjaïa in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1. Reda Bellahcene, a defensive midfielder of 23 years who currently plays at Saint-Louis Neuweg, French club CFA. Formed in Strasbourg He spent his first professional contract with the champions of Algeria for three years, Bellahcene, who was tenured on 26 occasions in 30 matches so far with St. Louis who finished the season in eighth place in the Group B of the CFA should be an additional", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19639889", "score": "0.96403027", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Kate Mulgrew", "long_answer": "Katherine Kiernan Maria \"Kate\" Mulgrew (born April 29, 1955) is an American actress. She is known for the roles of Captain Kathryn Janeway on Star Trek: Voyager and Galina \"Red\" Reznikov on Orange Is the New Black. She first came to attention in the role of Mary Ryan on the daytime soap opera Ryan's Hope. Mulgrew has won an Obie Award, and has received a Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award nomination. She is an active member of the Alzheimer's Association National Advisory Council and the voice of Cleveland's MetroHealth System.", "chunked_long_answer": "Katherine Kiernan Maria \"Kate\" Mulgrew (born April 29, 1955) is an American actress. She is known for the roles of Captain Kathryn Janeway on Star Trek: Voyager and Galina \"Red\" Reznikov on Orange Is the New Black. She first came to attention in the role of Mary Ryan on the daytime soap opera Ryan's Hope. Mulgrew has won an Obie Award, and has received a Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award nomination. She is an active member of the Alzheimer's Association National Advisory Council and the voice of Cleveland's MetroHealth System.", "short_answers": [ "\"Kate\" Mulgrew" ] }

[ "the Pittsburgh metropolitan area" ]

[ { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "Principal photography began on May 17, 2010, using 20 locations all within the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. DreamWorks selected the area primarily due to tax incentives from the Pennsylvania Film Production Tax Credit. The film studio also had a positive experience shooting She's Out of My League in Pittsburgh in 2008. The production was scheduled to last 12 to 13 weeks.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "the school was built in a studio in Monroeville for filming explosion scenes. In the last few weeks of production, scenes were filmed at the 200-year-old St. John's Lutheran Stone Church in Lancaster Township. Additional filming took place in the Florida Keys in the beginning of the film in Big Pine Key, Florida as well as the spanning of the drive over the bridge showcases the keys 7 mile bridge. \"I Am Number Four\" was edited by Jim Page, with Industrial Light & Magic developing the visual effects for the alien Pikens. The film was scored by former Yes guitarist", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618778", "score": "1.0686429", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "from all over the world ask, \"Where's the next movie?\" I think DreamWorks is getting those too so it'll be interesting. I don't know if I'd be involved, but I know they're talking about it.\" In a 2015 interview, James Frey, the co-author of the series, said that he hoped more movies would be made. I Am Number Four (film) I Am Number Four is a 2011 American teen science fiction action thriller film directed by D. J. Caruso and starring Alex Pettyfer, Timothy Olyphant, Teresa Palmer, Dianna Agron, and Callan McAuliffe. The screenplay, by Alfred Gough, Miles Millar, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618785", "score": "0.9882984", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "I Am Number Four (film) I Am Number Four is a 2011 American teen science fiction action thriller film directed by D. J. Caruso and starring Alex Pettyfer, Timothy Olyphant, Teresa Palmer, Dianna Agron, and Callan McAuliffe. The screenplay, by Alfred Gough, Miles Millar, and Marti Noxon, is based on the novel of the same name, one of the \"Lorien Legacies\" young adult science fiction novels. Produced by Michael Bay, \"I Am Number Four\" was the first film production from DreamWorks Pictures to be released by Touchstone Pictures, as part of the studio's 2009 distribution deal with Walt Disney Studios", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618762", "score": "0.97523654", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "The production was scheduled to last 12 to 13 weeks. Cinematographer Guillermo Navarro shot the film on 35 mm, using a format known as Super 1:85. Beaver, the former Conley Inn in Homewood, and nearby Buttermilk Falls were used as locations in the film; interior and exterior scenes were shot near a boat launch in Monaca. A spring fair scene was filmed in Deer Lakes Park in West Deer; Port Vue, North Park, New Kensington and Hyde Park were also used as locations. The setting of the film's fictional town of Paradise, Ohio is Vandergrift, Pennsylvania, where filming took place", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618776", "score": "0.92801416", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "released in theaters on February 18, 2011, and was also released in the IMAX format. The film was released by Touchstone Home Entertainment on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download on May 24, 2011. The release was produced in three different packages: a three-disc Blu-ray, DVD, and \"Digital Copy\" combo pack, a single-disc Blu-ray, and a single-disc DVD. The \"Digital Copy\" included with the 3-disc version is a stand-alone disc that allows users to play the film from any location via iTunes or Windows Media Player. All releases include bloopers and the \"\"Becoming Number 6\"\" featurette, while the single-disc Blu-ray and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618780", "score": "0.92296433", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "from June to July 2010. Producers chose Vandergrift as the \"hero town\" of the film because of its unique look and curved streets, laid out by Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of New York City's Central Park. Franklin Regional High School in Murrysville was chosen over 50 other schools in the area, due to its proximity to nearby woods, a part of the film's plot, and its surrounding hills. The school was also selected for its one floor layout, wide hallways, and its football stadium in front. Teachers and recent graduates appear in the film, and a set that replicates", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618777", "score": "0.9113914", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four", "text": "I Am Number Four I Am Number Four is a young adult science fiction novel by Pittacus Lore (the pseudonym of James Frey and Jobie Hughes) and the first book in the \"Lorien Legacies\" series. The book was published by HarperCollins on August 3, 2010, and spent seven successive weeks at #1 on the children's chapter of the \"New York Times\" bestseller list. DreamWorks Pictures bought the rights to the film in June 2009; it was released on February 18, 2011 and was the first DreamWorks movie to be distributed by Disney's Touchstone Pictures. The novel is the first of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15329818", "score": "0.88433826", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "produced by DreamWorks and Reliance Entertainment. Film producer and director Michael Bay brought the manuscript of the young adult novel \"I Am Number Four\" to Stacey Snider and Steven Spielberg at DreamWorks. A bidding war developed for the film rights between DreamWorks and J.J. Abrams, with DreamWorks winning the rights in June 2009, with the intention of having Bay produce and possibly direct the project. The rights were purchased with the hope of attracting teenage fans of \"The Twilight Saga\" films, and the potential of establishing a film franchise, with at least six more installments planned by the book's publisher.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618771", "score": "0.8815756", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "Trevor Rabin. A teaser trailer for the film was issued in late September 2010, and a full-length trailer premiered on December 8. Advertisements ran in \"Seventeen\" and \"Teen Vogue\" magazines, Disney released a promotional iPhone app in January 2011. Disney also developed a lot of Internet content to target a teen audience with their marketing campaign. A cast tour, in association with American retailer Hot Topic, and cast media appearances were scheduled to lead up to the release of the film. \"I Am Number Four\" premiered at the Village Theatre in Los Angeles on February 9, 2011. The film was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618779", "score": "0.8765333", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four", "text": "Book reviewed it as, \"Riveting.\" It was on the number one spot of the New York Times Best Sellers List for 7 weeks and was on it for a total of 17 weeks. I Am Number Four I Am Number Four is a young adult science fiction novel by Pittacus Lore (the pseudonym of James Frey and Jobie Hughes) and the first book in the \"Lorien Legacies\" series. The book was published by HarperCollins on August 3, 2010, and spent seven successive weeks at #1 on the children's chapter of the \"New York Times\" bestseller list. DreamWorks Pictures bought the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15329829", "score": "0.87563044", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "is protected by a Loric charm which protects him from all Mogadorian harm as long as he is hurt out of order; he can only be hurt after the first three loriens are killed in order. The Mogadorians, led by the Commander, learn about the nine children and come to Earth to find them. The Lorien can only be killed in sequence; Number One through Number Nine. Three of them are already dead, with John being Number Four. Knowing this, he and Henri move from a beachside bungalow in Florida to an old farm in Paradise, Ohio, where John befriends", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618764", "score": "0.86910963", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "franchise, but \"I Am Number Four\" familiar plot and unconvincing performances add up to one noisy, derivative, and ultimately forgettable sci-fi thriller.\" Metacritic gives the film an average score of 36 out of 100 based on reviews from 30 critics, indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews\". \"Empire Magazine\" gave the film three out of a possible five stars and said, \"If you can make it through the bland schmaltz of the first half you'll be rewarded with a spectacular blast of sustained action and the promise of even better to come. This could be the start of something great.\" \"I Am Number", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618782", "score": "0.8642299", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Teresa Palmer", "text": "In 2009, Palmer formed the film production company Avakea Productions, with Australian actresses Tahyna Tozzi and Nathalie Kelley. She was a guest judge on MTV Australia, for the Sydney filmmaking talent contest, Optus one80project. She also filmed an ad campaign that year for the Australian jean store, Just Jeans, and became the face and spokesperson for the Jurlique cosmetics company. In 2011, Palmer starred in the sci-fi adventure film, \"I Am Number Four\", alongside Alex Pettyfer and Dianna Agron. She played Number Six, one of nine aliens hiding out on Earth because her home planet was destroyed. Her character was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6674889", "score": "0.8514287", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "three-disc Blu-ray, DVD, and \"Digital Copy\" combo pack versions additionally include six deleted scenes with an introduction from the director. In its first three weeks of release, 316,081 Blu-ray units were sold in the US, bringing in $7,693,808. As of October 2, 2011, the standard DVD of 'I am Number Four' has sold 767,692 copies in the United States, generating $12,571,326, and thus bringing the total gross to $166,247,931. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 33% approval rating and an average rating of 4.8/10 based on 158 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"It's positioned as the start of a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618781", "score": "0.8440155", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "John and Sarah. John saves Sarah from a fall, revealing his powers in the process, and they escape to their high school. Meanwhile, The Commander arrives in Paradise, in a convoy of trucks. He is confronted by Mark and his father, and after injuring the sheriff, he forces Mark to show him where John is hiding. Mark takes him to the school, which he knows is Sarah's hideout. There, John, Sarah, and Sam are attacked by the Mogadorians, who brought two Piken to hunt the trio. They are saved by Number Six and Bernie, who is actually a shapeshifting Chimera", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618768", "score": "0.8412466", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Vandergrift, Pennsylvania", "text": "science-fiction film \"I am Number Four\" were filmed in Vandergrift, which was a stand-in for the fictional town of Paradise, Ohio. In the 1890s the Apollo Iron and Steel Company ended a bitterly contested labor dispute by hiring replacement workers from the surrounding countryside. To avoid future unrest, however, the company sought to gain tighter control over its workers not only at the factory but also in their homes. Drawing upon a philosophy of reform movements in Europe and the United States, the firm decided that providing workers with good housing and a good urban environment would make them more", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1218735", "score": "0.8320942", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Lorien Legacies", "text": "collectively spending ten weeks in the top spot. In 2009 DreamWorks Pictures bought the rights to I Am Number Four and released the movie on February 18, 2011. The movie was the first DreamWorks film to be distributed by Disney's Touchstone Pictures and received generally negative reviews from critics, with review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes giving a score of 32% based on 156 reviews. The movie had a worldwide gross of $145,982,798 and a budget of $50 million, but still fell short of expectations. Plans for any future installments for the series have been shelved. Director D. J. Caruso confirmed that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16129389", "score": "0.82489645", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "Four\" grossed $55,100,437 at the North American box office and $90,778,000 overseas, for a worldwide total of $149,878,437. It topped the worldwide box office on its second weekend (February 25–27, 2011) with $28,086,805. The film opened at number two in the United States and Canada with a gross of $19,449,893. In its second weekend, it dropped 43.4%, earning $11,016,126. The only other market where it has grossed over $10 million is China. It began in third place with $3.4 million, but had an increase of 91% in its second week, topping the box office with $6.4 million. In its third", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618783", "score": "0.81909984", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Who Am I? (1998 film)", "text": "film makers as being in Johannesburg), the Cube houses and the Willemswerf building (which served as the headquarters of the villains and from the side of which, \"Who Am I?\" escaped by sliding to the ground). Dutch city Dordrecht was also used as a location on the Voorstraat, de Vleeshouwersstraat as well as the fountains by Hans Petri in front of the former Refaja hospital. The film also features an elaborate chase scene involving the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution IV GSR and a pack of chasing BMW 3 series (E36), in which Jackie, Yuki, and Christine (in the Evolution) attempt to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1581905", "score": "0.805403", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "Motion Pictures. \"The Hollywood Reporter\" estimated the budget to be between $50 million and $60 million. The film was released in both conventional and IMAX theatres on February 18, 2011, received generally negative reviews, and grossed $150 million. John Smith is an alien from the planet Lorien. He was sent to Earth as a child with eight others to escape the invading Mogadorians, who destroyed Lorien. Here, John is protected by a Guardian, Henri, and has developed powers, including enhanced strength, speed and agility, as well as seven other powers he will develop later in life, known as legacies. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618763", "score": "0.80535084", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Car 54, Where Are You? (film)", "text": "earful from his wife, Lucille, and is hot and bothered by a woman all their colleagues seem to have already frisked or handcuffed, the vixen Velma Velour. Though the film was shot in 1990, it was edited several times and as a result wasn't released until 1994. It was originally filmed as a musical, but most of the musical numbers were cut from the released film. Nipsey Russell and Al Lewis appear as older versions of their roles from the original series. The film received universally negative reviews, and currently has a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 14", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14293808", "score": "0.8033913", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "I Am (2010 American drama film)", "text": "I Am (2010 American drama film) I Am is a 2010 faith-based, non-linear, drama film written and directed by John Ward, produced by John Ward, Chris Marcus, and professional baseball veteran Todd Zeile, through Bay Ridge Films and Upper Room Media and released by 20th Century Fox. Co-produced by Stefan Hajek and Aaron Breeden, and shot and edited by Chris Marcus, the film stars Tomas Boykin, Jay Hindle, Todd Zeile, John Ward, Greg Fisk, Amy Holland, Christinna Chauncey, and Stefan Hajek. On October 10, 2010, the film had a limited release in 2,500 churches worldwide in preparation for its DVD", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14768759", "score": "0.8025545", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Here I Am, Here I Stay", "text": "based on this play. Filming took place from 16 October to 11 November 1958 in Bamberg and Schloss Seehof in Franconia, as well as at the CCC-Studios in Berlin. The line producer of the film was Horst Wendlandt. The film premiered at the Gloria-Palast in Stuttgart on 8 January 1959. In the late 1980s Bear Family Records of Germany released a soundtrack album for the film, which was notable for including two of the three Bill Haley recordings which had been made exclusively for the movie (including \"Vive la Rock and Roll\" which featured the then-unprecedented duet between Haley and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15993026", "score": "0.802112", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Who Is Number One?", "text": "Who Is Number One? Who Is Number One? is a 1917 American silent mystery film serial directed by William Bertram and written by Anna Katharine Green. The film stars Kathleen Clifford, Cullen Landis, Gordon Sackville, Neil Hardin, Bruce Smith, and Ethel Ritchie. The film serial was released on October 29, 1917, by Paramount Pictures. It is presumed to be a lost film. Like many American films of the time, \"Who Is Number One?\" was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. The Chicago Board of Censors required cuts, in Chapter 1, of two scenes of destroying window", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18509136", "score": "0.79996955", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "date set for Presidents Day weekend. Chris Bender, J.C. Spink, and David Valdes executive produced the film. Steven Spielberg contributed to the film's characters, but did not take a credit on the film. It was the first DreamWorks film to be released by Disney's Touchstone Pictures label, as part of the 30-picture distribution deal between DreamWorks and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The film was also the first release for DreamWorks after the studio's financial restructuring in 2008. In March 2010, Alex Pettyfer was in talks to play the title character in the film, Number Four. It was later confirmed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618773", "score": "0.7980256", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "You Am I", "text": "in January 1999. By July 1999 the line-up of the group was augmented by Davey Lane of The Pictures on second guitar. Lane came to the band's attention via his work with The Pictures and by accurately transcribing You Am I's guitar tabs from \"#4 Record\" on an early fan site. Lane said – on \"The Cream & the Crock\" (November 2003) video documentary – that he almost decided not to be a part of the band, as he was \"fucking up his favourite band by playing in it\" after he had played his first show with them and stuffed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3213762", "score": "0.7952274", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Midnight Express (film)", "text": "he successfully crossed the border to Greece and arrived home three weeks later. Although the story is set largely in Turkey, the movie was filmed almost entirely at Fort Saint Elmo in Valletta, Malta, after permission to film in Istanbul was denied. Ending credits of the movie state: \"Made entirely on location in Malta and recorded at EMI Studios, Borehamwood by Columbia Pictures Corporation Limited 19/23 Wells Street, London, W1 England.\" A made-for-TV documentary of the film, \"I'm Healthy, I'm Alive, and I'm Free\" (alternative title: \"The Making of Midnight Express\"), was released on January 1, 1977. It is seven", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "985951", "score": "0.792863", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "text": "friends were attacked. Henri tells John that too many people are suspicious of them so they have to leave. John refuses because of Sarah. Meanwhile, the Mogadorians continue searching for John, while being trailed by another Garde, Number Six, who is also trying to locate Number Four. Number Six's guardian was killed, and she realizes that the remaining six of the Garde will have to team up and fight against the Mogadorians. She knows Number Three is dead and that Number Four is being hunted. The Mogadorians eventually locate John and manipulate two conspiracy theorists into capturing Henri. When John", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14618766", "score": "0.7923757", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Who Am I? (1998 film)", "text": "escaping from the building from a battle with Morgan's hitmen, \"Who Am I?\" regroups with Christine, who calls for the execution of a \"Plan B\", to surround the Erasmus Bridge and corner Morgan. Once Christine kicks Morgan and takes him into custody, \"Who Am I?\" throws the disc off the bridge and tells Christine he will return to Africa. \"Who Am I?\" was shot on locations in Namibia, South Africa, and Netherlands between February and March 1997. The film features several landmarks such as Sun City in South Africa, Erasmus Bridge in Rotterdam, the Beurstraverse (which was portrayed by the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1581904", "score": "0.7902239", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "I Am Number Four (film)", "long_answer": "Principal photography began on May 17, 2010, using 20 locations all within the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. DreamWorks selected the area primarily due to tax incentives from the Pennsylvania Film Production Tax Credit. The film studio also had a positive experience shooting She's Out of My League in Pittsburgh in 2008. The production was scheduled to last 12 to 13 weeks.", "chunked_long_answer": "Principal photography began on May 17, 2010, using 20 locations all within the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. DreamWorks selected the area primarily due to tax incentives from the Pennsylvania Film Production Tax Credit. The film studio also had a positive experience shooting She's Out of My League in Pittsburgh in 2008. The production was scheduled to last 12 to 13 weeks.", "short_answers": [ "the Pittsburgh metropolitan area" ] }

[ "trunk" ]

[ { "title": "List of human anatomical regions", "text": "Some regions are combined into larger regions. These include the trunk, which is a combination of the thoracic, mammary, abdominal, naval, and coxal regions. The cephalic region is a combination of all of the head regions. The upper limb region is a combination of all of the arm regions. The lower limb region is a combination of all of the leg regions.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Thorax", "text": "thoracic portion of the spine, collarbone, and the rib cage and floating ribs). External structures are the skin and nipples. In the human body, the region of the thorax between the neck and diaphragm in the front of the body is called the chest. The corresponding area in an animal can also be referred to as the chest. The shape of the chest does not correspond to that part of the thoracic skeleton that encloses the heart and lungs. All the breadth of the shoulders is due to the shoulder girdle, and contains the axillae and the heads of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1911177", "score": "1.0552417", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Anatomical terminology", "text": "nasus (nose), oris (mouth), and mentum (chin). The neck area is called the cervix or cervical region. Examples of structures named according to this include the frontalis muscle, submental lymph nodes, buccal membrane and orbicularis oculi muscle. Sometimes, unique terminology is used to reduce confusion in different parts of the body. For example, different terms are used when it comes to the skull in compliance with its embryonic origin and its tilted position compared to in other animals. Here, \"Rostral\" refers to proximity to the front of the nose, and is particularly used when describing the skull. Similarly, different terminology", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17673329", "score": "1.0249733", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Reclining Figure (Lincoln Center)", "text": "torso is a relatively thin slab of bronze, with protruding rounded lumps suggesting body parts, the top terminating at a fin which can be interpreted as the head and which extends down the back of the torso into its backbone. It has no discernible arms, and becomes arched into two parts as it enters the water. It leans towards the second element, which also joins the water with columns separated by an arch. The roughly textured surfaces and other smoothly rounded faces of the second element bear some resemblance to an eroded cliff. Indeed, the art critic David Thompson has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20156273", "score": "1.0130483", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Loin", "text": "term \"loin\" is generally not used in medical science, some names of disorders do contain it. The lumbar region of the spinal column is located in the loin area of the body. The term also has become euphemistic for human genitals because of their prominence in that anatomical region. Because of this euphemistic use of the term, the article of clothing that is worn around the genital area has been named a loincloth. In the Authorized King James Version of the Christian Bible the term \"loins\" is used frequently. It is suggested that the \"loins\" is the minimum one must", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6060966", "score": "1.012086", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Abdomen", "text": "body section posterior to that bearing the legs and head (the prosoma or cephalothorax). Abdomen The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. The abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6490655", "score": "0.99900734", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Tagma (biology)", "text": "head), the thorax (literally meaning chest, but in this application referring to the mid-portion of the body), and the pygidium (meaning rump). The Hexapoda, including insects, also have three tagmata, usually termed the head, thorax, and abdomen. The bodies of many arachnids, such as spiders, have two tagmata, as do the bodies of some crustaceans: in both groups the anterior tagma may be called the cephalothorax (meaning head plus chest) or the prosoma or prosome (meaning \"fore-part of body\"). The posterior tagma may be called the abdomen. In those arachnids that have two tagmata, the abdomen is also called the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6473425", "score": "0.99517393", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Bone (corsetry)", "text": "Bone (corsetry) In corsetry, a bone is one of the rigid parts of a corset that forms its frame and gives it rigidity. The purpose of the boning in a corset varies slightly from era to era. Generally, the cinching/shaping properties of corsetry puts strain onto the fabric from which the corset is made. The boning supports the desired shape and prevents wrinkling of the corset fabric. Bones, and the substances used for the purpose, are generically called boning. The corsets of the 16th through 18th centuries (called \"stays\", \"bodies\" or \"corps\") were intended to mold the upper torso into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3689620", "score": "0.98863304", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Human back", "text": "arches as a person sits or bends. Secondly, woman's fashion typically favors tops that are waist length, allowing the back to be left bare during slight movement, bending or sitting. The back also serves as the largest canvas for body art on the human body. Because of its size and the relative lack of hair, the back presents an ideal canvas on the human body for lower back tattoos, mostly among young women. Indeed, some individuals have tattoos that cover the entirety of the back. Others have smaller tattoos at significant locations, such as the shoulder blade or the bottom", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6756455", "score": "0.98548007", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Torsö (crater)", "text": "Torsö (crater) Torsö Crater is a small impact crater in the Argyre quadrangle of Mars, located at 44.29° N and 51.28° W. It is 15.3 km in diameter, and is inside Nereidum Montes close to the lowest point in the Martian southwest where the low lying portion is east of the crater, it is also north of Argyre Planitia. It forms a crater pair with Flora to the southwest. Its name was approved in 1976 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN), and was named after a town in Sweden Along the wall of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18683279", "score": "0.9852098", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Daniël van Vlierden", "text": "however, accentuating the bodyparts. At the height of the hip of the static leg the busy folds, along with the movement of the arm, compensate the dynamics of the moving leg. The Contrapposto pose is used in all the figures of the confessionals and the two figures on each side of the confessionals always mirror each other. The muscles of the upper body, abdomen, arms and legs are represented in an almost anatomically exact manner. By respecting the general proportions and a natural posture the sculptures appear lifelike. Each figure is typified as an individual through the appropriate clothing and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18005833", "score": "0.9829881", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Anatomical terminology", "text": "thigh (the part of the limb between the hip and the knee) and the leg (which refers only to the area of the limb between the knee and the ankle). The thigh is the femur and the femoral region. The kneecap is the patella and patellar while the back of the knee is the popliteus and popliteal area. The leg (between the knee and the ankle) is the crus and crural area, the lateral aspect of the leg is the peroneal area, and the calf is the sura and sural region. The ankle is the tarsus and tarsal, and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17673338", "score": "0.97960865", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Navel", "text": "size, informed by the belief that the navel symbolized the center where life began. In Mediterranean culture, belly dancing is a popular art form that consists of dance movements focused on the torso and navel. Navel The navel (clinically known as the umbilicus, colloquially known as the belly button, or tummy button) is a protruding, flat, or hollowed area on the abdomen at the attachment site of the umbilical cord. All placental mammals have a navel. The umbilicus is used to visually separate the abdomen into quadrants. The umbilicus is a prominent scar on the abdomen, with its position being", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1766191", "score": "0.9794135", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Wackel-Elvis", "text": "a snap-in joint with a square connector which keeps the right arm of the figure in a static position relative to the upper body piece. The lower body piece consists of the pelvic area and both legs molded as one piece. At the waist of the figure, the upper and lower body pieces are connected to each other by a flexible metal spring joint, as are the left arm piece and the upper body piece at the left shoulder. Both threaded connectors of the spring joint at the left shoulder of the figure are recessed, hiding the spring mechanism of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14309473", "score": "0.9761044", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Sternum", "text": "of both sexes\". The Greek physician Hippocrates used στέρνον to refer to the \"chest\", and στῆθος to the \"breastbone\". The Greek physician Galen was the first to use in the present meaning of \"breastbone\". The sternum as the solid bony part of the chest can be related to Ancient Greek , \"()\", meaning \"firm\" or \"solid\". The English term breastbone is actually more like the Latin \"os pectoris\", derived from classical Latin \"os\", bone and \"pectus\", chest or breast. Confusingly, \"pectus\" is also used in classical Latin as \"breastbone\". Sternum The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15200165", "score": "0.9758942", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Leg", "text": "other times it is considered separate. Similarly, the hip joint or other place where the leg attaches to the main body may be considered separate or part of the leg. In tetrapod anatomy, \"leg\" is used to refer to the entire limb. In human medicine the precise definition refers only to the segment between the knee and the ankle. This lower segment is also called the \"shank\", and the front (anterior) of the segment is called the \"shin\" or \"pretibia\". In bipedal tetrapods, the two lower limbs are referred to as the \"legs\" and the two upper limbs as \"arms\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12418222", "score": "0.9720473", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Anatomical terminology", "text": "as in the brachial region of the arm. The first word describes what is being spoken about, the second describes it, and the third points to location. When describing the position of anatomical structures, structures may be described according to the anatomical landmark they are near. These landmarks may include structures, such as the umbilicus or sternum, or anatomical \"lines\", such as the \"midclavicular line\" from the centre of the clavicle. The cephalon or cephalic region refers to the head. This area is further differentiated into the cranium (skull), facies (face), frons (forehead), oculus (eye area), auris (ear), bucca (cheek),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17673328", "score": "0.9710773", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Human back", "text": "permit the back to be shown nude - implying full nudity without actually displaying it. Indeed, the practice of showing explicitness on the lower back has been performed for centuries. Certain articles of clothing, such as the haltertop and the backless dress, are designed to expose the back in this manner. The lower back is typically exposed frequently by many types of shirts in woman's fashion, and even the more conservative shirts and blouses will reveal the lower back. This happens for a variety of reasons- the lower waist area is a pivot point for the body and lengthens and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6756454", "score": "0.969671", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Neck", "text": "absence in fish and aquatic arthropods is notable, as many have life stations similar to a terrestrial or tetrapod counterpart, or could otherwise make use of the added flexibility. The word \"neck\" is sometimes used as a convenience to refer to the region behind the head in some snails, gastropod mollusks, even though there is no clear distinction between this area, the head area, and the rest of the body. Neck The neck is the part of the body, on many vertebrates, that separates the head from the torso. It contains blood vessels and nerves that supply structures in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "639808", "score": "0.968565", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Sternum", "text": "the second is a narrow, curved edge, which slopes from above downward towards the middle. Also, the superior sternopericardial ligament attaches the pericardium to the posterior side of the manubrium. The body, or gladiolus, is the longest part. It is flat and considered to have only a front and back surface. It is flat on the front, directed upward and forward, and marked by three transverse ridges which cross the bone opposite the third, fourth, and fifth articular depressions. The pectoralis major attaches to it on either side. At the junction of the third and fourth parts of the body", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15200150", "score": "0.9664831", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Lumbar", "text": "Lumbar In tetrapod anatomy, lumbar is an adjective that means \"of or pertaining to the abdominal segment of the torso, between the diaphragm and the sacrum.\" The lumbar region is sometimes referred to as the lower spine, or as an area of the back in its proximity. In human anatomy the five lumbar vertebrae (vertebrae in the lumbar region of the back) are the largest and strongest in the movable part of the spinal column, and can be distinguished by the absence of a foramen in the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2756790", "score": "0.96639955", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Hip bone", "text": "sitting, the weight is frequently placed upon the ischial tuberosity. The gluteus maximus covers it in the upright posture, but leaves it free in the seated position. The pubic region or pubis is the ventral and anterior of the three parts forming the hip bone. It is divisible into a body, a superior ramus, and an inferior ramus. The body forms one-fifth of the acetabulum. The body forms the wide, strong, medial and flat portion of the pubic bone which unites with the other pubic bone in the pubic symphysis. The fibrocartilaginous pad which lies between the symphysial surfaces of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14476714", "score": "0.9593172", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Surface anatomy", "text": "palm as the palma and palmar, the thumb as the pollex, and the fingers as the digits, phalanges, and phalangeal. The buttocks are the gluteus or gluteal region and the pubic area is the pubis. Anatomists divide the lower limb into the thigh (the part of the limb between the hip and the knee) and the leg (which refers only to the area of the limb between the knee and the ankle). The thigh is the femur and the femoral region. The kneecap is the patella and patellar while the back of the knee is the popliteus and popliteal area.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "698035", "score": "0.9512436", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Abdomen", "text": "and two vertical lines divide the abdomen into nine \"regions.\" (Note that \"hypo\" means \"below\" and \"epi\" means \"above\", while \"chondron\" means \"cartilage\" (in this case, the cartilage of the rib) and \"gaster\" means stomach. The reversal of \"left\" and \"right\" is intentional, because the anatomical designations reflect the patient's own right and left.) The right iliac fossa (RIF) is a common site of pain and tenderness in patients who have appendicitis. The fossa is named for the underlying iliac fossa of the hip bone, and thus is somewhat imprecise. Most of the anatomical structures that will produce pain and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6490651", "score": "0.9484161", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Anatomical terms of bone", "text": "or Superior pubic ramus. Ramus may also be used to refer to nerves, such as the ramus communicans. A \"facet\" refers to a small, flattened articular surface. A \"line\" refers to a long, thin projection, often with a rough surface. \"Ridge\" and \"crest\" refer to a long, narrow line. Unlike many words used to describe anatomical terms, the word \"ridge\" is derived from Old English. A \"spine\", as well as referring to the spinal cord, may be used to describe a relatively long, thin projection or bump. These terms are used to describe bony protuberances in specific parts of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17760730", "score": "0.9483801", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Contrapposto", "text": "leg that carries the weight of the body is known as the \"engaged\" leg, the relaxed leg is known as the \"free\" leg. Contrapposto is less emphasized than the more sinuous S Curve, and creates the illusion of past and future movement. Contrapposto was an extremely important sculptural development, for its appearance marks the first time in Western art that the human body is used to express a psychological disposition. The balanced, harmonious pose of the Kritios Boy suggests a calm and relaxed state of mind, an evenness of temperament that is part of the ideal of man represented. From", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "519743", "score": "0.9481728", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "ZC Girls", "text": "and head in place. The first bodice extends from the neck to the top of the ribcage to allow the abdominal joint to be more movable. The second bodice is a full torso piece that covers the abdominal joint for a more realistic look, but with limited mobility. The dolls in this category included the following: Julia, a futuristic soldier dressed in a black torso body suit with body armor; Katy, an assassin in a black vinyl corset with matching gloves; Black Angel, a blonde spy in a black catsuit with a reptile scale pattern; White Archer, a long-haired redhead", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15654053", "score": "0.9481113", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Body suit (tattoo)", "text": "left arm, a foo dog on the right leg and a mouse and monkey on the left leg. A 'full sleeve' is a tattoo which completely covers an arm, from the shoulder to the wrist. A 'full sleeve' can be part of a 'full body suit'. This 'full sleeve' has been used to camouflage extended scar tissue, rendering it 'invisible'. A 'backpiece' is a tattoo which largely or completely covers the back, and can be part of a 'full body suit'. Body suit (tattoo) A body suit or full body suit is an extensive tattoo, usually of a similar pattern,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7980049", "score": "0.94755614", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Crotch", "text": "Crotch In humans, the crotch is the bottom of the pelvis, the region of the body where the legs join the torso, and is often considered to include the groin and genitals. \"Crotch\" is derived from \"crutch\"; it \"was first used in 1539 to refer to a forked stick used as a farm implement.\" This region of the body is also described with other terms such as \"groin\" or the lower ventral area. The human crotch has been depicted in artwork. In Paleolithic art, forms called tectiforms or quadrilaterals have sometimes been interpreted to be \"quick visual guides, reminders to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2461132", "score": "0.94692", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Sternum", "text": "Sternum The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the center of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury. Shaped roughly like a necktie, it is one of the largest and longest flat bones of the body. Its three regions are the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The word \"sternum\" originates from the Greek στέρνον, meaning \"chest\". The sternum is a long, flat bone, forming the middle portion of the front of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15200146", "score": "0.9450605", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

{ "title": "List of human anatomical regions", "long_answer": "Some regions are combined into larger regions. These include the trunk, which is a combination of the thoracic, mammary, abdominal, naval, and coxal regions. The cephalic region is a combination of all of the head regions. The upper limb region is a combination of all of the arm regions. The lower limb region is a combination of all of the leg regions.", "chunked_long_answer": "Some regions are combined into larger regions. These include the trunk, which is a combination of the thoracic, mammary, abdominal, naval, and coxal regions. The cephalic region is a combination of all of the head regions. The upper limb region is a combination of all of the arm regions. The lower limb region is a combination of all of the leg regions.", "short_answers": [ "trunk" ] }

[ "lungs", "The pulmonary vein" ]

[ { "title": "Pulmonary circulation", "text": "The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is picked up during respiration. Arteries are further divided into very fine capillaries which are extremely thin-walled. The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Pulmonary artery catheter", "text": "pulmonary artery catheter from easiest to difficult is: right internal jugular > left subclavian > left internal jugular > right subclavian. From this entry site, it is threaded through the right atrium of the heart, the right ventricle, and subsequently into the pulmonary artery. The passage of the catheter may be monitored by dynamic pressure readings from the catheter tip or with the aid of fluoroscopy. The standard pulmonary artery catheter has two lumens (Swan-Ganz) and is equipped with an inflatable balloon at the tip, which facilitates its placement into the pulmonary artery through the flow of blood. The balloon,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4492064", "score": "0.9873079", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Heart", "text": "role in cardiac conduction. It arises from the lower part of the interventricular septum and crosses the interior space of the right ventricle to connect with the inferior papillary muscle. The right ventricle tapers into the pulmonary trunk, into which it ejects blood when contracting. The pulmonary trunk branches into the left and right pulmonary arteries that carry the blood to each lung. The pulmonary valve lies between the right heart and the pulmonary trunk. The left heart has two chambers: the left atrium, and the left ventricle, separated by the mitral valve. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood back", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "473054", "score": "0.9650276", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Fetus", "text": "into the left atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The majority of blood flow is into the left ventricle from where it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the woman's circulation. Some of the blood from the right atrium does not enter the left atrium, but enters the right ventricle and is pumped into the pulmonary artery. In the fetus, there is a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12661950", "score": "0.9536729", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Pulmonary vein", "text": "pulmonary vein lies in front of and a little below the pulmonary artery; the inferior is situated at the lowest part of the lung hilum. Behind the pulmonary artery is the bronchus. The right main pulmonary veins (contains oxygenated blood) pass behind the right atrium and superior vena cava; the left in front of the descending thoracic aorta. Occasionally the three lobar veins on the right side remain separate, and not infrequently the two left lobar veins end by a common opening into the left atrium. Therefore, the number of pulmonary veins opening into the left atrium can vary between", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2992575", "score": "0.95281935", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Fetal circulation", "text": "where it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters the placenta, where carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetus are taken up and enter the woman's circulation. Some of the blood from the right atrium does not enter the left atrium, but enters the right ventricle and is pumped into the pulmonary artery. In the fetus, there is a special connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, called the \"ductus arteriosus\", which directs most of this blood", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6360128", "score": "0.9521564", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Arteriovenous oxygen difference", "text": "comparing the difference in the oxygen concentration of oxygenated blood in the femoral, brachial, or radial artery and the oxygen concentration in the deoxygenated blood from the mixed supply found in the pulmonary artery (as an indicator of the typical mixed venous supply). Put in simple terms: The usual unit for a-vO diff is millilitres of oxygen per 100 millilitres of blood (mL/100 mL), however, particularly in medical uses, other units may be used, such as micromoles per millilitre (μmol/mL). In practice, a-vO diff may be determined using the Fick Principle rather than by taking direct blood samples. In order", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15570275", "score": "0.9477265", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Pulmonary artery", "text": "the pulmonary artery, and may be defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of greater than 25mmHg. As can be measured on a CT scan, a diameter of more than 29 mm diameter is often used as a cut-off to indicate pulmonary hypertension. This may occur as a result of heart problems such as heart failure, lung or airway disease such as COPD or scleroderma, or thromboembolic disease such as pulmonary embolism or emboli seen in sickle cell anaemia. Pulmonary embolism refers to an embolus that lodges in the pulmonary circulation. This may arise from a deep venous thrombosis, especially", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2763034", "score": "0.9456943", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus", "text": "this blood come from? The answer seems to be that it is the same blood that is always returning. Moreover, the one-way valves in the heart, like those in the veins, indicate that, following the pulmonary circulation, the blood goes out to all parts of the body through the arteries and returns by way of the veins. The blood thus makes a complete closed circuit. As Harvey expressed it, \"There must be a motion, as it were, in a circle.\" There was, however, one stage in the circulation which Harvey was not able to see - that in which the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2799203", "score": "0.9388785", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Pulmonary artery", "text": "behind the ascending aorta, and in front of the descending aorta. It courses posterior to the superior vena cava and in front of the right bronchus. Upon reaching the hilum of the right lung the right main pulmonary artery divides into two branches: The right and left main pulmonary arteries give off branches that roughly correspond to the lung lobes and can in such cases be termed lobar arteries. The lobar arteries branch into segmental arteries (roughly 1 for each lobe segment), which in turn branch into subsegmental pulmonary arteries. These eventually form intralobular arteries. The pulmonary arteries originate from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2763030", "score": "0.9367548", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Pulmonary artery", "text": "artery splits into the right and the left main pulmonary artery. The left main pulmonary artery is shorter and somewhat smaller than the right, passes horizontally in front of the descending aorta and left bronchus to the root of the left lung. Above, the left main pulmonary artery is connected to the concavity of the proximal descending aorta by the ligamentum arteriosum. It then divides into two lobar arteries, one for each lobe of the left lung. The right main pulmonary artery follows a longer and more horizontal course as it crosses the mediastinum. It passes underneath the aortic arch,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2763029", "score": "0.9292068", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Heart", "text": "into a main left and a main right trunk, which travel up the groove between the ventricles that exists on the heart's surface, receiving smaller vessels as they travel up. These vessels then travel into the atrioventricular groove, and receive a third vessel which drains the section of the left ventricle sitting on the diaphragm. The left vessel joins with this third vessel, and travels along the pulmonary artery and left atrium, ending in the inferior tracheobronchial node. The right vessel travels along the right atrium and the part of the right ventricle sitting on the diaphragm. It usually then", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "473065", "score": "0.9269513", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Pulmonary embolism", "text": "Prognosis depends on the amount of lung that is affected and on the co-existence of other medical conditions; chronic embolisation to the lung can lead to pulmonary hypertension. After a massive PE, the embolus must be resolved somehow if the patient is to survive. In thrombotic PE, the blood clot may be broken down by fibrinolysis, or it may be organized and recanalized so that a new channel forms through the clot. Blood flow is restored most rapidly in the first day or two after a PE. Improvement slows thereafter and some deficits may be permanent. There is controversy over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1661245", "score": "0.92409885", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "Pulmonary circulation", "text": "at birth, the pulmonary pressure drops and blood is drawn from the right atrium into the right ventricle and through the pulmonary circuit. Over the course of several months, the foramen ovale closes, leaving a shallow depression known as the fossa ovalis. A number of medical conditions can affect the pulmonary circulation. The discovery of pulmonary circulation has been attributed to several scientists over the years. In much of modern medical literature, the discovery is credited to English physician William Harvey (1578 - 1657 CE). Other sources credit Spanish physician Michael Servetus (c. 1509 - 1553 CE) and Arab physician", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2981479", "score": "0.91894186", "original_retrieval_index": 53 }, { "title": "Air embolism", "text": "the right side of the heart and from there into the pulmonary arteries, where it may lodge, blocking or reducing blood flow. Gas in the venous circulation can cause cardiac problems by obstructing the pulmonary circulation or forming an air-lock which raises central venous pressure and reduces pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures. Experiments on animals show that the amount of gas necessary for this to happen is quite variable. Human case reports suggest that injecting more than 100 mL of air into the venous system at rates greater than 100 mL/s can be fatal. Very large and symptomatic amounts of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2581665", "score": "0.9145756", "original_retrieval_index": 58 }, { "title": "Diffusing capacity", "text": "formula_9 (i.e., in a gas, a volume is proportional to the number of molecules in it). Further, the oxygen concentration (partial pressure) in the pulmonary artery is taken to be representative of capillary blood. Thus, formula_8 can be calculated as the rate that oxygen is taken up by the lung formula_11 divided by the oxygen gradient between the alveoli (\"A\") and the pulmonary artery (\"a\"). Thus, the higher the diffusing capacity formula_1, the more gas will be transferred into the lung per unit time for a given gradient in partial pressure (or concentration) of the gas. Since it can be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1604413", "score": "0.91181004", "original_retrieval_index": 61 }, { "title": "Arteriovenous malformation", "text": "pain and lead to serious medical problems. Although AVMs are often associated with the brain and spinal cord, they can develop in any part of the body. Normally, the arteries in the vascular system carry oxygen-rich blood, except in the case of the pulmonary artery. Structurally, arteries divide and sub-divide repeatedly, eventually forming a sponge-like capillary bed. Blood moves through the capillaries, giving up oxygen and taking up waste products, including , from the surrounding cells. Capillaries in turn successively join together to form veins that carry blood away. The heart acts to pump blood through arteries and uptake the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "35723", "score": "0.90654576", "original_retrieval_index": 67 }, { "title": "Pulmonary vein", "text": "three and five in the healthy population. The two left lobar veins may be united as a single pulmonary vein in about 25% of people; the two right veins may be united in about 3%. The pulmonary veins play an essential role in respiration, by receiving blood that has been oxygenated in the alveoli and returning it to the left atrium. As part of the pulmonary circulation they carry oxygenated blood back to the heart, as opposed to the veins of the systemic circulation which carry deoxygenated blood. A rare genetic defect of the pulmonary veins can cause them to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2992576", "score": "0.90139836", "original_retrieval_index": 73 }, { "title": "Crisscross heart", "text": "the left ventricle. After the left ventricle is filled with blood the aortic valve opens allowing blood to go through, which the blood then enters the aorta and goes to the rest of the body. Crisscross heart is a very rare congenital heart defect, and results in many different symptoms, even though the heart still has the ability to perform its major function of pumping blood throughout the body. Individuals who have this disease will experience cyanosis which is a blue tint to the skin because of inadequate blood flow to the body, this symptom will be seen especially around", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10609897", "score": "0.8993404", "original_retrieval_index": 75 }, { "title": "Hemodynamics", "text": "the medical field. The heart is the driver of the circulatory system, pumping blood through rhythmic contraction and relaxation. The rate of blood flow out of the heart (often expressed in L/min) is known as the cardiac output (CO). Blood being pumped out of the heart first enters the aorta, the largest artery of the body. It then proceeds to divide into smaller and smaller arteries, then into arterioles, and eventually capillaries, where oxygen transfer occurs. The capillaries connect to venules, and the blood then travels back through the network of veins to the right heart. The micro-circulation — the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1952433", "score": "0.8979362", "original_retrieval_index": 77 }, { "title": "Heart", "text": "blood into the ventricles and priming the pump. Next, the ventricles start to contract. As the pressure rises within the cavities of the ventricles, the mitral and tricuspid valves are forced shut. As the pressure within the ventricles rises further, exceeding the pressure with the aorta and pulmonary arteries, the aortic and pulmonary valves open. Blood is ejected from the heart, causing the pressure within the ventricles to fall. Simultaneously, the atria refill as blood flows into the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cavae, and into the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Finally, when the pressure", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "473077", "score": "0.8959497", "original_retrieval_index": 82 }, { "title": "Heart valve", "text": "the pulmonary artery. At the end of ventricular systole, when the pressure in the right ventricle falls rapidly, the pressure in the pulmonary artery will close the pulmonary valve. The closure of the pulmonary valve contributes the P2 component of the second heart sound. The right heart is a low-pressure system, so the P2 component of the second heart sound is usually softer than the A2 component of the second heart sound. However, it is physiologically normal in some young people to hear both components separated during inhalation. In the developing heart, the valves between the atria and ventricles, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1783512", "score": "0.89401996", "original_retrieval_index": 85 }, { "title": "Eisenmenger's syndrome", "text": "the pulmonary circulation is smaller, and because much of the circuitry is in parallel rather than in series. If a significant anatomic defect (i.e. a hole or breach) exists between the two sides of the heart, a shunt will occur, causing blood to flow down the normal pressure gradient from the left side to the right side. The amount of blood shunted is proportional to the size of the defect, and the beat-to-beat volume of blood pumped through a left-to-right breach is a percentage of anticipated cardiac output (CO) of the left ventricle. Clinically a low index or percentage of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3741987", "score": "0.8936683", "original_retrieval_index": 86 }, { "title": "Fetal circulation", "text": "of the liver first joins with the portal vein. The blood then moves to the right atrium of the heart. In the fetus, there is an opening between the right and left atrium (the \"foramen ovale\"), and most of the blood flows through this hole directly into the left atrium from the right atrium, thus bypassing pulmonary circulation. The continuation of this blood flow is into the left ventricle, and from there it is pumped through the aorta into the body. Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries, and re-enters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6360123", "score": "0.88915515", "original_retrieval_index": 90 }, { "title": "Heart", "text": "pulmonary valve is located at the base of the pulmonary artery. This has three cusps which are not attached to any papillary muscles. When the ventricle relaxes blood flows back into the ventricle from the artery and this flow of blood fills the pocket-like valve, pressing against the cusps which close to seal the valve. The semilunar aortic valve is at the base of the aorta and also is not attached to papillary muscles. This too has three cusps which close with the pressure of the blood flowing back from the aorta. The right heart consists of two chambers, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "473051", "score": "0.8889325", "original_retrieval_index": 91 }, { "title": "Foramen of Panizza", "text": "and birds. However, when a unique active valve leading to the pulmonary artery contracts, pressure in the right ventricle can increase and blood can leave the right ventricle, enter the left aortic arch, and therefore bypass the pulmonary circulation. The foramen of Panizza connects the left and right aorta. Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle, sitting in the left aorta, can flow into the right aorta through the foramen of Panizza. When the heart is relaxed, some oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, sitting in the right aorta, can flow into the left aorta across the foramen of Panizza. However,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5837505", "score": "0.88843787", "original_retrieval_index": 92 }, { "title": "Diastole", "text": "and pulmonary valves open—and now blood is ejected from the heart. Ejection causes pressure within the ventricles to fall, and, simultaneously, the atria begin to refill (atrial diastole). Finally, pressures within the ventricles fall below the back pressures in the trunks of the aorta and the pulmonary arteries, and the aortic and pulmonary valves close. The ventricles start to relax, the mitral and tricuspid valves begin to open, and the cycle begins again. In summary, when the ventricles are in systole and contracting, the atria are relaxed and collecting blood as 'return' flows. When, in late diastole, the ventricles become", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3016756", "score": "0.8853508", "original_retrieval_index": 96 }, { "title": "Pulmonary artery catheter", "text": "when inflated, causes the catheter to \"wedge\" in a small pulmonary blood vessel. So wedged, the catheter can provide an indirect measurement of the pressure in the left atrium of the heart, showing a mean pressure, in addition to a, x, v, and y waves which have implications for status of the left atria and the mitral valve. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVedp) is measured using a different procedure, with a catheter that has directly crossed the aortic valve and is well positioned in the left ventricle. LV edp reflects fluid status of the individual in addition to heart", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4492065", "score": "0.884749", "original_retrieval_index": 99 }, { "title": "Pulmonary artery catheter", "text": "method of monitoring volume overload leading to pulmonary edema in an ICU setting. A feature of the pulmonary artery catheter that has been largely ignored in the clinical setting is its ability to monitor total body oxygen extraction by measuring the mixed venous oxygen saturation. Regardless of the value obtained by measurements of the cardiac output, the mixed venous oxygen saturation is an accurate parameter of total body blood flow and therefore cardiac output. The assumption that a low mixed venous oxygen saturation (normal = 60% except for the coronary sinus where it approximates 40% reflecting the high metabolic rate", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4492074", "score": "0.8842447", "original_retrieval_index": 101 }, { "title": "Pulmonary contusion", "text": "the amount of blood that flows into it, directing blood to better-ventilated areas. Although reducing blood flow to the unventilated alveoli is a way to compensate for the fact that blood passing unventilated alveoli is not oxygenated, the oxygenation of the blood remains lower than normal. If it is severe enough, the hypoxemia resulting from fluid in the alveoli cannot be corrected just by giving supplemental oxygen; this problem is the cause of a large portion of the fatalities that result from trauma. To diagnose pulmonary contusion, health professionals use clues from a physical examination, information about the event that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11858063", "score": "0.8840232", "original_retrieval_index": 102 } ]

{ "title": "Pulmonary circulation", "long_answer": "The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is picked up during respiration. Arteries are further divided into very fine capillaries which are extremely thin-walled. The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart.", "chunked_long_answer": "The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is picked up during respiration. Arteries are further divided into very fine capillaries which are extremely thin-walled. The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart.", "short_answers": [ "The pulmonary vein", "lungs" ] }

[ "Sir Henry Cole" ]

[ { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "The first Christmas cards were commissioned by Sir Henry Cole and illustrated by John Callcott Horsley in London on 1st May 1843. The central picture showed three generations of a family raising a toast to the card's recipient: on either side were scenes of charity, with food and clothing being given to the poor. Allegedly the image of the family drinking wine together proved controversial, but the idea was shrewd: Cole had helped introduce the Penny Post three years earlier. Two batches totaling 2,050 cards were printed and sold that year for a shilling each.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Christmas in the post-war United States", "text": "Play-Doh's sales skyrocketed after being advertised on influential children's television programs such as \"Ding Dong School\" and \"Captain Kangaroo\". The first White House Christmas card was sent during the administration of Dwight David Eisenhower in 1953. President Eisenhower was an amateur artist and personally consulted with the head of Hallmark Cards on the project. Over the course of two terms, the Eisenhower White House issued 38 different cards and prints with many of them bearing the President's own artwork. The tradition was continued during the Kennedy years with Jacqueline Kennedy's artwork featured on a 1963 card issued to raise funds", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12908993", "score": "1.2590714", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "the world's first, was sold in 2001 by UK auctioneers Henry Aldridge to an anonymous bidder for a record breaking £22,250. Since the 19th century, many families and individuals have chosen to make their own Christmas cards, either in response to monetary necessity, as an artistic endeavour, or in order to avoid the commercialism associated with Christmas cards. With a higher preference of handmade gifts during the 19th century over purchased or commercial items, homemade cards carried high sentimental value as gifts alone. Many families make the creation of Christmas cards a family endeavour and part of the seasonal festivity,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461754", "score": "1.2308612", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "Prang and Mayer began creating greeting cards for the popular market in Britain The firm began selling the Christmas card in America in 1874, thus becoming the first printer to offer cards in America. Its owner, Louis Prang, is sometimes called the \"father of the American Christmas card.\" By the 1880s, Prang was producing over five million cards a year by using the chromolithography process of printmaking. However, the popularity of his cards led to cheap imitations that eventually drove him from the market. The advent of the postcard spelled the end for elaborate Victorian-style cards, but by the 1920s,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461744", "score": "1.2230774", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "The practice originated with President Calvin Coolidge, who was the first president to issue a written statement of peaceful tidings during the holidays in 1927. President Herbert Hoover was the first to give Christmas notes to the White House staff, and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the first president to utilize the card format (rather than the previously used notes or a written statement) that most closely resembles the Christmas cards of today. In 1953, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower issued the first official White House card. The cards usually depict White House scenes as rendered by prominent American artists.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461749", "score": "1.221102", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "of the season such as the snow and wildlife of the northern winter. Some secular cards depict nostalgic scenes of the past such as crinolined shoppers in 19th century streetscapes; others are humorous, particularly in depicting the antics of Santa and his elves. The first recorded Christmas cards were sent by Michael Maier to James I of England and his son Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales in 1611. It was discovered in 1979 by Adam McLean in the Scottish Record Office. They incorporated Rosicrucian imagery, with the words of the greeting – \"A greeting on the birthday of the Sacred", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461741", "score": "1.2162732", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "with food and clothing being given to the poor. Allegedly the image of the family drinking wine together proved controversial, but the idea was shrewd: Cole had helped introduce the Penny Post three years earlier. Two batches totaling 2,050 cards were printed and sold that year for a shilling each. Early British cards rarely showed winter or religious themes, instead favoring flowers, fairies and other fanciful designs that reminded the recipient of the approach of spring. Humorous and sentimental images of children and animals were popular, as were increasingly elaborate shapes, decorations and materials. At Christmas 1873, the lithograph firm", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461743", "score": "1.2120173", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "cards with envelopes had returned. The extensive Laura Seddon Greeting Card Collection from the Manchester Metropolitan University gathers 32,000 Victorian and Edwardian greeting cards, printed by the major publishers of the day, including Britain's first commercially produced Christmas card. The production of Christmas cards was, throughout the 20th century, a profitable business for many stationery manufacturers, with the design of cards continually evolving with changing tastes and printing techniques. The now widely recognized brand Hallmark Cards was established in 1913 by Joyce Hall with the help of brother Rollie Hall to market their self-produced Christmas cards. The Hall brothers capitalized", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461745", "score": "1.1998694", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "seal the back of envelopes, typically showing a trinket or some symbol of Christmas. In 2004, the German post office gave away 20 million free scented stickers, to make Christmas cards smell of a fir Christmas tree, cinnamon, gingerbread, a honey-wax candle, a baked apple and an orange. From the beginning, Christmas cards have been avidly collected. Queen Mary amassed a large collection that is now housed in the British Museum. The University College London's Slade School of Fine Art houses a collection of handmade Christmas Cards from alumni such as Paula Rego and Richard Hamilton and are displayed at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461752", "score": "1.1975191", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Christmas in the post-war United States", "text": "for a national performing arts center. Early in the post-War years, cards exhibited traditional sentiments and art that reassured war weary Americans. As the 1960s neared, however, sophisticated, adult-oriented cards called \"Slim Jims\" began appearing on the market. The cards displayed Santas driving fin-tailed convertibles and beatniks delivering greetings in hepcat lingo. The highly stylized cards remained popular well into the 1960s, poking fun at fads and world events. Family photo cards and newsletters (meticulously handwritten or typed by busy moms) became commonplace during the 1960s as well. Hallmark brought African American culture to greeting cards in the 1960s as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12908994", "score": "1.1962531", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "in the 2008 festive period. In mostly non-religious countries (e.g. Czech Republic), the cards are rather called New Year Cards, however they are sent before Christmas and the emphasis (design, texts) is mostly given to the New Year, omitting religious symbols. \"Official\" Christmas cards began with Queen Victoria in the 1840s. The British royal family's cards are generally portraits reflecting significant personal events of the year. Despite the governing practice of the separation of church and state within American politics, there is a long-standing custom for the President and First Lady to send White House Christmas Cards each holiday season.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461748", "score": "1.1749849", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "on a growing desire for more personalized greeting cards, and reached critical success when the outbreak of World War I increased demand for cards to send to soldiers. The World Wars brought cards with patriotic themes. Idiosyncratic \"studio cards\" with cartoon illustrations and sometimes risque humor caught on in the 1950s. Nostalgic, sentimental, and religious images have continued in popularity, and, in the 21st century, reproductions of Victorian and Edwardian cards are easy to obtain. Modern Christmas cards can be bought individually but are also sold in packs of the same or varied designs. In recent decades changes in technology", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461746", "score": "1.1467333", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "Christmas card A Christmas card is a greeting card sent as part of the traditional celebration of Christmas in order to convey between people a range of sentiments related to Christmastide and the holiday season. Christmas cards are usually exchanged during the weeks preceding Christmas Day by many people (including some non-Christians) in Western society and in Asia. The traditional greeting reads \"wishing you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year\". There are innumerable variations on this greeting, many cards expressing more religious sentiment, or containing a poem, prayer, Christmas song lyrics or Biblical verse; others focus on the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461739", "score": "1.1434661", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Christmas in the post-war United States", "text": "well as contemporary cultural images such as elves sporting Beatle haircuts and psychedelic Christmas trees in Warholesque colors. \"Happy Christmas\" replaced \"Merry Christmas\" here and there after clergymen decided the traditional greeting was associated with inebriation. In 1961, 50 billion Christmas cards were mailed by Americans, and, in 1962, America's first Christmas postage stamp was issued—causing a mild firestorm by those who felt the stamp violated separation of church and state. Mamie Eisenhower's Million-Dollar Fudge Recipe was a favorite holiday treat of the Eisenhower White House years. and first appeared in \"Who Says We Can't Cook?\", a spiral-bound collection of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12908995", "score": "1.1415253", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Philip Van Doren Stern", "text": "and was then unable to find a publisher. He sent 200 printed copies to friends as Christmas cards in December 1943. His daughter, Marguerite Stern Robinson, recalled \"I was in the third grade and remember delivering a few of these cards to my teachers and my friends... My father, who was himself from a mixed religious background, explained to me that while this story takes place at Christmas time, and that we were sending it as a Christmas card to our friends, it is a universal story for all people in all times.\" The story was published as a book", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9389843", "score": "1.1396672", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Rust Craft Greeting Card Company", "text": "Rust Craft Greeting Card Company The Rust Craft Greeting Card Company was an American greeting card, printing company and owner of television stations. It produced what is believed to be the first Christmas card. The company was founded in a bookstore in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1906 by its owner, Fred Winslow Rust. The first Christmas card was printed on heavy tan paper and included a brief message in two colors. The success of the Christmas card grew into a business letters, postcards, and greeting cards with envelopes. Rust revolutionized the use of the \"French Fold,\" which turned a single", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20268333", "score": "1.1388273", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "special Christmas cards as a fundraising tool. The most famous of these enterprises is probably the UNICEF Christmas card program, launched in 1949, which selects artwork from internationally known artists for card reproduction. The UK-based Charities Advisory Trust gives out an annual \"Scrooge Award\" to the cards that return the smallest percentage to the charities they claim to support although it is not universally well received by the Christmas card producers. Many countries produce official Christmas stamps, which may be brightly colored and depict some aspect of Christmas tradition or a Nativity scene. Small decorative stickers are also made to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461751", "score": "1.1379346", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "is the longest running scheme of its type in the country. The traditional English greeting of \"\"Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year\"\" as it appears in other languages: Christmas card A Christmas card is a greeting card sent as part of the traditional celebration of Christmas in order to convey between people a range of sentiments related to Christmastide and the holiday season. Christmas cards are usually exchanged during the weeks preceding Christmas Day by many people (including some non-Christians) in Western society and in Asia. The traditional greeting reads \"wishing you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461761", "score": "1.131041", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Thomas Crane (1843–1903)", "text": "The Christmas cards of Marcus Ward were well known for their quality, and during the 1800s were desirable among art collectors. Art critic Gleeson White attributed the popularity to Crane's design and supervision. White writes that Crane oversaw \"a series of cards which–quite apart from the excellence of their pictures, or floral devices–were embellished by most refined and appropriate ornamentation on their borders and backs. The lettering was not left to chance, or reduced to the bare simplicity of a label in ordinary type... but was planned to accord with it. The colours which distinguish this class of decoration are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18817591", "score": "1.126385", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Louis Prang", "text": "Prang also began creating series of popular album cards, advertised to be collected into scrapbooks, showing natural scenes and patriotic symbols. At Christmas 1873, Prang began creating greeting cards for the popular market in England and began selling the Christmas card in America in 1874. Therefore, he is sometimes called the \"father of the American Christmas card.\" Prang is also known for his efforts to improve art education in the US, publishing instructional books and creating a foundation to train art teachers. Prang was an active supporter of women artists, both commissioning and collecting artworks by women. Many of his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8473668", "score": "1.1238443", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Raphael Tuck & Sons", "text": "in the contest. Entries were displayed in the Dudley Galleries and vast crowds visited the exhibition. Over £2,500 was spent in buying entries and launching the Christmas card industry as an annual custom throughout the world. Both amateur and professional artists submitted entries for the close scrutiny of the judges. Literary merit was also considered: the then-popular writer Grant Allen served as judge of appropriate texts. Marcus Stone headed a committee of well-known artists in the selection of the designs. Also in this year, the famous trade mark was applied for, and was finally registered on 2 March 1881. Paris", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14406290", "score": "1.1223339", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "The Christmas Card", "text": "The Christmas Card The Christmas Card is a Hallmark Channel original film written by Joany Kane and directed by Stephen Bridgewater. It was filmed on location in Nevada City, California and in Park City, Utah, and was released on December 2, 2006 In the midst of war in Afghanistan, U.S. Army Master Sergeant Cody Cullen (John Newton) is given a Christmas card from a fellow soldier who had received it from his hometown, Nevada City, California. The card was sent by Faith Spelman (Alice Evans). As months pass, the card never leaves his side. Cody, who has no family, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12712787", "score": "1.1212156", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Christmas Letter Mission", "text": "distributed on Christmas Eve by local volunteers organised by a county secretary. Christmas Letter Mission The Christmas Letter Mission was an English charity established in the 19th century, which aimed to send a Christmas card to every hospital patient in England. The card was accompanied by a letter. The charity had its origins in a programme set up by Miss E. E. Steele Elliott in 1871 and overseen by a church in Brighton, which aimed to send Christmas cards to all patients in the county of Sussex. The charity's aims later expanded again to include prisoners and those in workhouses,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16372425", "score": "1.1209075", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Cicely Mary Barker", "text": "\"Groundsel\". Barker was a devout Christian, and produced religious-themed works throughout her life. She published eight postcards and five guardian angel birthday cards for the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge in 1916 and in 1923 respectively. Christmas cards were designed for The Girls' Friendly Society over a 20-year period, and the first three designs sold out a combined printing of 46,500 in 1923. An original design for the society called \"The Darling of the World Has Come\" was purchased by Queen Mary for ₤5.5.0 in 1926. The Croydon Art Society hung Barker's booklet cover design for the Society for the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "746075", "score": "1.1207482", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "may be responsible for the decline of the Christmas card. The estimated number of cards received by American households dropped from 29 in 1987 to 20 in 2004. Email and telephones allow for more frequent contact and are easier for generations raised without handwritten letters - especially given the availability of websites offering free email Christmas cards. Despite the decline, 1.9 billion cards were sent in the U.S. in 2005 alone. Some card manufacturers now provide E-cards. In the UK, Christmas cards account for almost half of the volume of greeting card sales, with over 668.9 million Christmas cards sold", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461747", "score": "1.117852", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Hallmark Cards", "text": "to 120 people, and the line increased from holiday cards to include everyday greeting cards. In 1928, the company introduced the brand name Hallmark, after the hallmark symbol used by goldsmiths in London in the 14th century, and began printing the name on the back of every card. That same year, the company became the first in the greeting card industry to advertise their product nationally. Their first advertisement appeared in \"Ladies' Home Journal\" and was written by J.C. Hall himself. In 1931, the Canadian William E. Coutts Company, Ltd., a major card maker, became an affiliate of Hall Brothers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12355592", "score": "1.1176379", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Christmas card", "text": "The number of recipients has snowballed over the decades, from just 2,000 in 1961 to 1.4 million in 2005. Many businesses, from small local businesses to multi-national enterprises send Christmas cards to the people on their customer lists, as a way to develop general goodwill, retain brand awareness and reinforce social networks. These cards are almost always discrete and secular in design, and do not attempt to sell a product, limiting themselves to mentioning the name of the business. The practice harkens back to trade cards of the 18th century, an ancestor of the modern Christmas card. Many organizations produce", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1461750", "score": "1.1169181", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Culture of the United Kingdom", "text": "Designed by John Callcott Horsley for Cole in 1843, the Christmas card accounts for almost half of the volume of greeting card sales in the UK, with over 600 million cards sold annually. The robin is a common sight in gardens throughout the UK. It is relatively tame and drawn to human activities, and is frequently voted Britain's national bird in polls. The robin began featuring on many Christmas cards in the mid-19th century. The association with Christmas arises from postmen in Victorian Britain who wore red jackets and were nicknamed \"Robins\"; the robin featured on the Christmas card is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1951369", "score": "1.1145878", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Christmas Letter Mission", "text": "Christmas Letter Mission The Christmas Letter Mission was an English charity established in the 19th century, which aimed to send a Christmas card to every hospital patient in England. The card was accompanied by a letter. The charity had its origins in a programme set up by Miss E. E. Steele Elliott in 1871 and overseen by a church in Brighton, which aimed to send Christmas cards to all patients in the county of Sussex. The charity's aims later expanded again to include prisoners and those in workhouses, police officers, railway workers, post office employees and others. The cards were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16372424", "score": "1.0969688", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "A Partridge Family Christmas Card", "text": "A Partridge Family Christmas Card A Partridge Family Christmas Card is a Christmas album by The Partridge Family released in November 1971. The case of the album contains a reproduction of a Christmas card that was signed by the whole Partridge Family, the stars of a 1970s sitcom. The song \"My Christmas Card to You\" was original, but the remainder of the tracks were standards. Like most of the Partridge Family songs, the lead vocals are sung by David Cassidy, who played Keith Partridge in the show. The album also features one of the few Partridge Family recordings featuring Shirley", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1469710", "score": "1.094464", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Christmas card", "long_answer": "The first Christmas cards were commissioned by Sir Henry Cole and illustrated by John Callcott Horsley in London on 1st May 1843. The central picture showed three generations of a family raising a toast to the card's recipient: on either side were scenes of charity, with food and clothing being given to the poor. Allegedly the image of the family drinking wine together proved controversial, but the idea was shrewd: Cole had helped introduce the Penny Post three years earlier. Two batches totaling 2,050 cards were printed and sold that year for a shilling each.", "chunked_long_answer": "The first Christmas cards were commissioned by Sir Henry Cole and illustrated by John Callcott Horsley in London on 1st May 1843. The central picture showed three generations of a family raising a toast to the card's recipient: on either side were scenes of charity, with food and clothing being given to the poor. Allegedly the image of the family drinking wine together proved controversial, but the idea was shrewd: Cole had helped introduce the Penny Post three years earlier. Two batches totaling 2,050 cards were printed and sold that year for a shilling each.", "short_answers": [ "Sir Henry Cole" ] }

[ "1864", "1943", "1864–1942" ]

[ { "title": "Penny (United States coin)", "text": "In 1943, at the peak of World War II, zinc-coated steel cents were made for a short time because of war demands for copper. A few copper cents from 1943 were produced from the 1942 planchets remaining in the bins. Similarly, some 1944 steel cents have been confirmed. From 1944 through 1946, salvaged ammunition shells made their way into the minting process, and it was not uncommon to see coins featuring streaks of brass or having a considerably darker finish than other issues.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Zinc", "text": "ingestion of 425 pennies (over 1 kg of zinc) resulted in death due to gastrointestinal bacterial and fungal sepsis. Another patient who ingested 12 grams of zinc showed only lethargy and ataxia (gross lack of coordination of muscle movements). Several other cases have been reported of humans suffering zinc intoxication by the ingestion of zinc coins. Pennies and other small coins are sometimes ingested by dogs, requiring veterinary removal of the foreign objects. The zinc content of some coins can cause zinc toxicity, commonly fatal in dogs through severe hemolytic anemia and liver or kidney damage; vomiting and diarrhea are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "466173", "score": "1.0880494", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Penny (United States coin)", "text": "value of the copper in the coin started to rise above one cent. Some 1982 pennies used the 97.5% zinc composition, while others used the 95% copper composition. With the exception of 2009 bicentennial cents minted specifically for collectors, United States cents minted after 1982 have been zinc with copper plating. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2013, the average one-cent piece minted cost the U.S. Mint 1.83 cents, down from 2.41 cents apiece in FY 2011. The bronze and copper cents can be distinguished from the newer zinc cents by dropping the coins on a solid surface. The predominantly zinc coins", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1420279", "score": "1.031184", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Penny (United States coin)", "text": "lining because of the high solubility of the zinc ion in the acidic stomach. Coins are the most commonly ingested foreign body in children but generally are allowed to pass spontaneously unless the patient is symptomatic. Zinc toxicity, mostly in the form of the ingestion of U.S. pennies minted after 1982, is commonly fatal in dogs where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia. It is also highly toxic in pet parrots and can often be fatal. It has been suggested that the cent should be eliminated as a unit of currency for several reasons including that many Americans do not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1420316", "score": "1.013699", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Copper deficiency", "text": "impairment, and acne. Zinc is found in many common vitamin supplements and is also found in denture creams. Recently, several cases of copper deficiency myeloneuropathy were found to be caused by prolonged use of denture creams containing high quantities of zinc. Metallic zinc is the core of all United States currency coins, including copper coated pennies. People who ingest a large number of coins will have elevated zinc levels, leading to zinc-toxicity-induced copper deficiency and the associated neurological symptoms. This was the case for a 57-year-old woman diagnosed with schizophrenia. The woman consumed over 600 coins, and started to show", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10670658", "score": "1.0118212", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Coinage metals", "text": "possibility of smelters taking coins and melting them down for the scrap value of the metal. Pre-1992 British pennies were made of 97% copper; but as of 2008, based on the price of copper, the value of a penny from this period is 1.5 new-pence. Modern British pennies are now made of copper-plated steel. For similar reasons, American pennies (cents) were once made of copper alloys, but since 1982 have been made of copper-plated zinc. This problem has led to nearly the end of use for a common base metal alloy for everyday coinage in the 20th century, called cupronickel,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14348740", "score": "0.98323935", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Penny battery", "text": "zinc electrode and 1942-1996 pennies as the copper. Alternatively, American pennies from 1982–present may be used as the zinc electrodes and 1944-1982 pennies as the copper electrodes. A variety of other coins may also be used, with varying results. A penny battery can be useful in producing a small amount of volts. To make a penny battery it is crucial that there are two different kinds of metals with a substance in between them. To begin, scratch off the copper coating on one side of a penny exposing the metal zinc (silver color). This process will be difficult and will", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13295975", "score": "0.974558", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Penny (United States coin)", "text": "composition of 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper, and are minted on blanks produced for the Mint by an outside manufacturer (Jarden Zinc Products). Except for the new lighter total coin weight of 2.5 grams each, these newer coins are identical in diameter and thickness, and nearly in appearance, to the mostly copper (95%) cents issued before mid-1982, which weighed 3.11 grams each. A few pennies were struck by error in brass dated 1983 and are extremely rare. When the Lincoln Cent was introduced in 1909, it was discovered that the coining dies and their curved fields were unable to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1420307", "score": "0.9617152", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Zinc", "text": "from store shelves. The FDA said the loss of smell can be life-threatening because people with impaired smell cannot detect leaking gas or smoke, and cannot tell if food has spoiled before they eat it. Recent research suggests that the topical antimicrobial zinc pyrithione is a potent heat shock response inducer that may impair genomic integrity with induction of PARP-dependent energy crisis in cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes. In 1982, the US Mint began minting pennies coated in copper but containing primarily zinc. Zinc pennies pose a risk of zinc toxicosis, which can be fatal. One reported case of chronic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "466172", "score": "0.9515431", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "History of the British penny (1901–1970)", "text": "Malaya, so pennies from then until later in 1945 are 97 percent copper, 0.5 percent tin, and 2.5 percent zinc. Such coins tarnish to a colour different than the prewar coins, and they were treated with sodium thiosulphate to give them a darker tone. That substance, dubbed \"hypo\", had been used to darken all 1934 pennies before issue and most of the 1935 mintage, \"Hypo\" would be used again in 1946, discolouring the coins to discourage the hoarding of new pennies. Although the prewar alloy was restored in 1945, the Mint reversed itself in 1959, made pennies out of that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1667584", "score": "0.9503377", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Americans for Common Cents", "text": "company that makes the zinc ‘blanks’ for pennies.\" In 1990, the organization commissioned a survey which found that 62% of Americans opposed eliminating the penny. They commissioned another survey in 2012 which came to a similar conclusion; namely, that about two-thirds of Americans supported keeping the penny. Americans for Common Cents Americans for Common Cents is an organization based in Washington, D.C. that lobbies in favor of keeping the United States penny in circulation. It was established in 1990. The organization has conducted surveys and organized advertising campaigns in support of the continuing production of the penny. Its executive director,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18372458", "score": "0.94348735", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Zinc", "text": "is coated with a thin layer of copper to give the appearance of a copper coin. In 1994, of zinc were used to produce 13.6 billion pennies in the United States. Alloys of zinc with small amounts of copper, aluminium, and magnesium are useful in die casting as well as spin casting, especially in the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. These alloys are marketed under the name Zamak. An example of this is zinc aluminium. The low melting point together with the low viscosity of the alloy makes possible the production of small and intricate shapes. The low working temperature", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "466138", "score": "0.9426141", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Penny (United States coin)", "text": "aluminum and bronze-clad steel. Aluminum was chosen, and over 1.5 million of these pennies were struck and ready for public release before ultimately being rejected. The proposed aluminum pennies were rejected for two reasons: vending machine owners complained the coins would cause mechanical problems; and pediatricians and pediatric radiologists pointed out that the radiodensity of the metal inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts was close to that of soft tissue, and the coins would therefore be difficult to detect in X-ray imaging. One aluminum cent was donated to the Smithsonian Institution. The cent's composition was changed in 1982 because the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1420278", "score": "0.93614185", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Penny (United States coin)", "text": "restored. Bronze, 1947–1962. Shell casings were no longer used after 1946 and the original copper-tin-zinc \"bronze\" composition was again used. Brass, 1962–1982. The composition of the coin was changed again slightly in 1962. Mint officials felt that deletion of the tin content would have no adverse effect on the wearing qualities of the coin, whereas the manufacturing advantages to be gained with the alloy stabilized at 95% copper and 5% zinc would be of much benefit. Congressional authority for this modification is contained in an Act of Congress approved on September 5, 1962. Experimental aluminum cents, 1974. During the early", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1420304", "score": "0.9313918", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Penny (United States coin)", "text": "donated to the Smithsonian Institution. Another is in the hands of the family of a deceased U.S. Capitol police officer, known as the Toven Specimen, and was certified as authentic in 2005. Copper-plated zinc, 1982–present. In mid-1982, the coin's composition was changed again, this time to copper-plated zinc. The last mostly-copper cents (95% copper metal composition) were produced by the Denver Mint on October 22, 1982. The copper-plated zinc cent coins are still being produced today. They are composed of an inner core alloy of 99.2% zinc and 0.8% copper with an outer plating of pure copper, for an overall", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1420306", "score": "0.92419773", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "2000s commodities boom", "text": "overall price. Zinc sale prices were 80 cents per pound in July 2008, which was typical of its 2004–2008 pricing levels. By January 2009 it had bottomed out and was worth 45 cents per lb. A spectacular bull market and increased Chinese interest in galvanised construction steel caused prices to top off at $1.20 per pound of metal by January 2010. It then quickly fell back to a routine 80 cents by July 2010. Zinc is popular in manufacturing and building; its ability to create corrosion-resistant zinc plating of steel (hot-dip galvanizing) is the major application for zinc. Other applications", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12147300", "score": "0.92402977", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Joseph Wharton", "text": "children, Joanna, Mary, and Anna, to ride along on horseback expeditions. Wharton often studied at night or played history games with the children. Hoping to profit from the use of nickel in coins, Wharton in 1863 sold his interest in zinc and started the manufacture of nickel at Camden, New Jersey, taking over a nickel mine and refining works at Nickel Mines, Pennsylvania. The Camden plant was located on the east side of 10th Street, adjacent to Cooper Creek, and had several large brick buildings and smokestacks. Wharton renamed the Camden plant the American Nickel Works, and his office there", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2353736", "score": "0.92055094", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Americans for Common Cents", "text": "support of the penny, in which Federline emerged from a red truck wearing an Abraham Lincoln mask. A Virgin representative said Federline became interested in this topic because he likes text messaging. Americans for Common Cents receives funding from about 40 separate organizations, including Jarden Zinc Products, the company that sells zinc to the U.S. Mint. In 2012, Weller, a lobbyist, was paid $340,000 by Jarden Zinc to discuss issues relating to minting with members of Congress and the US Mint. Weller has acknowledged this funding, saying that “We make no secret that one of our major sponsors is a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18372457", "score": "0.91238403", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "History of the British penny (1901–1970)", "text": "until 1873) and in 1877 for the colonies. King George's pennies were produced in the same alloy as before until 1922, but the following year the composition of bronze coins was set at 95.5 percent copper, 3 percent tin, and 1.5 percent zinc, although the weight remained at and the diameter 1.2 inches (31 millimetres). This alloy was slightly more malleable; the lessened force needed to strike pennies helped minimise ghosting. No pennies were struck for the years 1923, 1924 or 1925; this was due to lack of demand as the interwar years saw alternating gluts and shortages of pennies.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1667574", "score": "0.9116712", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "2000s commodities boom", "text": "are in batteries and alloys, such as brass. A variety of zinc compounds are commonly used, such as zinc carbonate and zinc gluconate (as dietary supplements), zinc chloride (in deodorants), zinc pyrithione (anti-dandruff shampoos), zinc sulfide (in luminescent paints), and zinc methyl or zinc diethyl in the organic laboratory. Neodymium, a fairly rare metal which is used in high grade magnets, saw its prices rise due to increased demand, as were typical of this general market trend. The average price was $16.10 per kg in November and December 2009, but it began trading in June 2010 at $20–$45 per kg.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12147301", "score": "0.9109804", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Zinc deficiency", "text": "to zinc deficiency began in 1869 when zinc was first discovered to be essential to the growth of an organism (Aspergillus Niger). In 1929 Lutz measured zinc in numerous human tissues using the dithizone technique and estimated total body zinc in a 70 kg man to be 2.2 grams. Zinc was found to be essential to the growth of rats in 1933. In 1939 beriberi patients in China were noted to have decreased zinc levels in skin and nails. In 1940 zinc levels in a series of autopsies found it to be present in all tissues examined. In 1942 a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11083217", "score": "0.9030257", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Penny", "text": "at Soho Mint in Birmingham in 1797. Typically, 1 lb. of copper produced 24 pennies. In 1860, the copper penny was replaced with a bronze one (95% copper, 4% tin, 1% zinc). Each pound of bronze was coined into 48 pennies. The United States' cent—popularly known as the \"penny\" since the early 19th century—began with the unpopular copper chain cent in 1793. The penny that was brought to the Cape Colony (in what is now South Africa) was a large coin — 36 mm in diameter, 3.3 mm thick and — and the twopence was correspondingly larger at 41 mm", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1264586", "score": "0.9017787", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Commodity money", "text": "coins. In the US, the metal in pennies (97.5% zinc since 1982, 95% copper in 1982 and before) and nickels (75% copper, 25% nickel) has a value close to, and sometimes exceeding, the fiat face value of the coin. Commodities often come into being in situations where other forms of money are not available or not trusted. Various commodities were used in pre-Revolutionary America including wampum, maize, iron nails, beaver pelts, and tobacco. According to economist Murray Rothbard: In the sparsely settled American colonies, money, as it always does, arose in the market as a useful and scarce commodity and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "585234", "score": "0.89399815", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Penny (United States coin)", "text": "an attractive target for melting by people wanting to sell the metals for profit. In comparison, post-1982 copper-plated zinc cents have a metallurgical value of only 0.55152 cents. The Secretary of the Treasury has authority to alter the percentage of copper and zinc in the one-cent coin if needed due to cost fluctuations. Penny (United States coin) The United States one-cent coin, often called the penny, is a unit of currency equaling one one-hundredth of a United States dollar. The cent's symbol is ¢. Its obverse has featured the profile of President Abraham Lincoln since 1909, the centennial of his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1420320", "score": "0.89381075", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Joseph Wharton", "text": "zinc works, managing it carefully so that it turned a profit. In 1860 Wharton, after some challenging negotiations with the directors of the company, developed for Lehigh Zinc the first plant to manufacture metallic zinc in America. Looking into the next business cycle, he leased the plant for four years and eventually made a robust profit from the sale of metallic zinc, used in making brass, which picked up in the Civil War years. Wharton married Anna Corbit Lovering, a fellow Quaker and the younger sister of his brother Charles' wife, in 1854 in a Quaker ceremony. After living with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2353733", "score": "0.88870335", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Coin", "text": "inflation, as market values for the metal overtake the fiat declared face value of the coin. Examples are the pre-1965 US dime, quarter, half dollar, and dollar (nominally containing slightly less than a tenth, quarter, half, and full ounce of silver, respectively), US nickel, and pre-1982 US penny. As a result of the increase in the value of copper, the United States greatly reduced the amount of copper in each penny. Since mid-1982, United States pennies are made of 97.5% zinc, with the remaining 2.5% being a coating of copper. Extreme differences between fiat values and metal values of coins", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "92981", "score": "0.88610876", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Zinc", "text": "can be induced by inhalation of zinc fumes while brazing or welding galvanized materials. Zinc is a common ingredient of denture cream which may contain between 17 and 38 mg of zinc per gram. Disability and even deaths from excessive use of these products have been claimed. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) states that zinc damages nerve receptors in the nose, causing anosmia. Reports of anosmia were also observed in the 1930s when zinc preparations were used in a failed attempt to prevent polio infections. On June 16, 2009, the FDA ordered removal of zinc-based intranasal cold products", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "466171", "score": "0.8805807", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Zinc", "text": "regularly imported to Europe from the Orient in the 17th and early 18th centuries, but was at times very expensive. Metallic zinc was isolated in India by 1300 AD, much earlier than in the West. Before it was isolated in Europe, it was imported from India in about 1600 CE. Postlewayt's \"Universal Dictionary\", a contemporary source giving technological information in Europe, did not mention zinc before 1751 but the element was studied before then. Flemish metallurgist and alchemist P. M. de Respour reported that he had extracted metallic zinc from zinc oxide in 1668. By the start of the 18th", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "466122", "score": "0.87997514", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Coin", "text": "the copper in US pennies was worth more than one cent, so people would hoard pennies and then melt them down for their metal value. It cost more than face value to manufacture pennies or nickels, so any widespread loss of the coins in circulation could be expensive for the US Treasury. This was more of a problem when coins were still made of precious metals like silver and gold, so strict laws against alteration make more sense historically. 31 CFR § 82.2 goes on to state that: \"(b) The prohibition contained in § 82.1 against the treatment of 5-cent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "92985", "score": "0.87621355", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Brass", "text": "Zinc metal was also becoming more commonplace. By 1513 metallic zinc ingots from India and China were arriving in London and pellets of zinc condensed in furnace flues at the Rammelsberg in Germany were exploited for cementation brass making from around 1550. Eventually it was discovered that metallic zinc could be alloyed with copper to make brass, a process known as speltering, and by 1657 the German chemist Johann Glauber had recognised that calamine was \"nothing else but unmeltable zinc\" and that zinc was a \"half ripe metal.\" However some earlier high zinc, low iron brasses such as the 1530", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "33631", "score": "0.8759856", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "Penny (United States coin)", "long_answer": "In 1943, at the peak of World War II, zinc-coated steel cents were made for a short time because of war demands for copper. A few copper cents from 1943 were produced from the 1942 planchets remaining in the bins. Similarly, some 1944 steel cents have been confirmed. From 1944 through 1946, salvaged ammunition shells made their way into the minting process, and it was not uncommon to see coins featuring streaks of brass or having a considerably darker finish than other issues.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "In 1943, at the peak of World War II, zinc-coated steel cents were made for a short time because of war demands for copper. A few copper cents from 1943 were produced from the 1942 planchets remaining in the bins. Similarly, some 1944 steel cents have been confirmed. From 1944 through 1946, salvaged ammunition shells made their way into the minting process, and it was not uncommon to see coins featuring streaks of brass or having a considerably darker finish than other issues.", "short_answers": [ "1943" ] }

[ "Ciara Brady", "Addie Horton" ]

[ { "title": "Hope Williams Brady", "text": "Hope Alice Williams, the mother of Shawn-Douglas, Zack and Ciara Brady, was born on-screen on January 10, 1974 to Doug Williams and Addie Horton. Not long after Addie marries Doug and becomes pregnant, she discovers she is suffering from leukemia, but declines treatment in order to save her unborn baby. On December 24, 1974, while crossing the street, an oncoming car careens towards Hope and Addie, but Addie pushes Hope's baby-carriage out of the way, just in time to save her baby daughter, but not herself. Addie dies, and Hope is taken in by her maternal grandparents, Tom and Alice", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Shawn-Douglas Brady", "text": "difficult time. Hope is let out of prison and Shawn returns to Belle in Hong Kong. Shawn and Belle return to Salem in December 2017 to support their daughter after the shooting of her boyfriend Theo Carver. Shawn-Douglas Brady Shawn-Douglas Brady is a fictional character on the television soap opera, \"Days of Our Lives\". He is the son of supercouple Bo Brady and Hope Williams and one half of the supercouple Shawn Brady and Belle Black. Jason Cook is most identifiable in the role, portraying the character from October 15, 1999, to September 22, 2006. Brandon Beemer was in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8442029", "score": "1.3008182", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives characters (2010s)", "text": "and Ryan Quan on March 23, 2017. Days of Our Lives characters (2010s) A list of notable characters from the NBC soap opera \"Days of Our Lives\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 1, 2010, onward. Jane Smith is the warden of the Salem County Correctional Facility, the prison where Hope Brady serves time in 2010. She works with an inmate, Lee Michaels, to kill inmates during routine medical procedures in order to harvest their organs in an operation run by Stefano DiMera. Jane first appeared on September 21, 2010. Stacy Haiduk had been hired to portray the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18788507", "score": "1.2626407", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives characters (2000s)", "text": "a wedge between Bo and Hope – as well as the rest of the Brady family for most of 2006. In June 2016, he returns as an aged ghost (Scott Shilstone) to help his mother Hope. Bonnie Lockhart is the mother of Patrick, Mimi, and Connor Lockhart. The role was originated by Robin Riker, who played the role from July 11 to 31, 2000. Kathy Connell was the second actress who played the role from August 15, 2000 to June 7, 2002. Judi Evans, who previously played Adrienne Johnson Kiriakis took over the role and is the most notable actress", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19017216", "score": "1.2619073", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Bo Brady", "text": "terminal brain tumor and doesn't have long to live. In the location of their first kiss, Bo tells Hope of his condition. Bo and Hope passionately repeat their wedding vows to each other as Bo becomes extremely pale and weak. Hope told Bo that his niece Sami's son Will was murdered last month, which he was devastated, and then, Bo loses consciousness and dies in Hope's arms, while snow starts to fall on them. Bo Brady Bo Brady is a fictional character on the NBC soap opera, \"Days of Our Lives\", the youngest of the series' Brady family. Created under", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7488351", "score": "1.2576448", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Bo Brady and Hope Williams", "text": "Bo Brady and Hope Williams Beauregard \"Bo\" Brady and Hope Williams Brady are fictional characters and the signature supercouple on the American daytime drama \"Days of Our Lives\". Bo is portrayed by Peter Reckell and Hope is portrayed by Kristian Alfonso. On internet message boards, the couple is often referred by the portmanteau \"Bope\" (for Bo and Hope). Along with \"General Hospital's\" Luke and Laura Spencer, Bo and Hope are considered to be one of daytime's most iconic couples. Bo Brady and Hope Williams changed the face of daytime when rebel Bo came riding into town on his motorcycle in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3322812", "score": "1.2573478", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives characters (2000s)", "text": "Brady found comfort in one another, and Ciara is conceived, although it takes several months for Hope to learn she is pregnant. When she eventually learns that she is pregnant, a classic \"Who's the daddy?\" storyline begins. Hope had been to Morgan Island with Patrick Lockhart where, in a moment of weakness, she had found comfort in his arms. Tests were run and it was \"determined\" that Hope's unborn child was Patrick's. Unbeknownst to Hope and Bo, Patrick had paid the doctor to fix the test. Despite believing Patrick to be the father of her unborn child, Bo and Hope", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19017246", "score": "1.2553732", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives characters (2000s)", "text": "father of J. T. Brady, who was switched at birth with Zack Brady, resulting in a complicated custody battle. Glen Reiber is the biological father of J.T. Brady, who was switched at birth with Zack Brady, resulting in a complicated custody battle. While watching TV in Chicago, Glen Reiber saw a sketch of a girl whose body had been found frozen in the ice, in the canal behind Bo and Hope Brady's house after their wedding New Year's Eve. He recognized it as Marlo, his former girlfriend, who had left town suddenly while pregnant. The couple went to Salem, identified", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19017239", "score": "1.2527102", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives characters (2000s)", "text": "of the babies, Stefano has Dr. Rolf switch Hope's and Marlo's babies birth tags. So, the baby is instead taken home by Bo and Hope Brady and named John Thomas, getting his names from family friend John Black (Drake Hogestyn) and Hope's late grandfather Tom Horton (MacDonald Carey). Zack Brady was the second son and child of supercouple Hope and Bo Brady, born June 9, 2000. For the longest time, Zack is known as Isaac Theo Carver, the long-awaited and much-beloved son of Abe and Lexie Carver. For years the two had tried unsuccessfully to have a child of their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19017214", "score": "1.2475715", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives characters (2010s)", "text": "Days of Our Lives characters (2010s) A list of notable characters from the NBC soap opera \"Days of Our Lives\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 1, 2010, onward. Jane Smith is the warden of the Salem County Correctional Facility, the prison where Hope Brady serves time in 2010. She works with an inmate, Lee Michaels, to kill inmates during routine medical procedures in order to harvest their organs in an operation run by Stefano DiMera. Jane first appeared on September 21, 2010. Stacy Haiduk had been hired to portray the role but, wasn't able to fulfill the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18788436", "score": "1.2414944", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Bo Brady and Hope Williams", "text": "and died in Hope's arms. It started snowing, making the vision from Caroline to be true. The romantic pairing of Bo Brady and Hope Williams was nominated for \"Most Irresistible Combination\" at the 32nd Daytime Emmy Awards. The pairing won the \"America's Favorite Supercouple\" award at the 2002 Emmy Awards. In 2005, SOAPnet celebrated \"Days of our Lives\" 40th anniversary by airing a marathon of Bo and Hope episodes. \"Entertainment Weekly\" calls them one of the greatest supercouples. In May 2009 Kristian Alfonso and Peter Reckell were invited to be international guests at the Australian Logie awards Kristian Alfonso and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3322822", "score": "1.2411711", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Chelsea Brady", "text": "London. She reunites with Max and they get engaged. They decide to leave Salem and move to London. Chelsea Brady Chelsea Brady is a fictional character on the NBC Soap Opera \"Days of Our Lives\". Created by head writer Sally Sussman Morina, the role was originally played by Mandy Musgrave. The role was recast with Rachel Melvin in 2005. Melvin portrayed the character from 2005 to 2009, after the character moves to London to take care of her mother, Billie Reed. She is the child of Bo Brady and Billie Reed. Chelsea is born by the name of Georgia Reed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10377569", "score": "1.2323779", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Sami Brady", "text": "Sami Brady Sami Brady (also called by her married names of Reed, Walker, Roberts, Hernandez, and DiMera) is a fictional character from the American NBC daytime soap opera, \"Days of Our Lives\", portrayed by Alison Sweeney since 1993. The character was born on-screen during the episode of October 16, 1984, along with her twin brother Eric Brady. Initially played by a series of child actresses, Sweeney took over the role of Sami when the character was rapidly-aged from a pre-teen to a teenager, in January 1993, under the pen of headwriters Sheri Anderson and James E. Reilly. Sami is known", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10680026", "score": "1.2295883", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Bo Brady", "text": "Bo Brady Bo Brady is a fictional character on the NBC soap opera, \"Days of Our Lives\", the youngest of the series' Brady family. Created under head-writer Margaret DePriest, the role was originated by Peter Reckell on May 3, 1983. Reckell left the show alongside Kristian Alfonso who played Bo's wife Hope Williams Brady on April 20, 1987. Reckell returned from April 19, 1990, to January 17, 1992, when Robert Kelker-Kelly stepped into the role from March 13, 1992, to July 24, 1995. Reckell returned to portray Bo on August 1, 1995. In June 2012, after much speculation, it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7488344", "score": "1.2288016", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives characters (2000s)", "text": "before living with Hope, Doug and Julie after her mother and father separate for a short while. Ciara's parents have since reunited and separated again. She has two older brothers, Shawn-Douglas and Zack Brady (deceased) and one older paternal half-sister, Chelsea Brady. Allie Horton is the daughter of Sami Brady and Lucas Horton. She and her twin, Johnny DiMera, are born October 23, 2007, at her grandmother Marlena's house, where they are delivered by Marlena. Allie goes for several weeks without a name until the Thanksgiving Day wedding of Shawn and Belle, where Lucas announces her name as Alice Caroline", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19017248", "score": "1.2213471", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Chelsea Brady", "text": "Chelsea Brady Chelsea Brady is a fictional character on the NBC Soap Opera \"Days of Our Lives\". Created by head writer Sally Sussman Morina, the role was originally played by Mandy Musgrave. The role was recast with Rachel Melvin in 2005. Melvin portrayed the character from 2005 to 2009, after the character moves to London to take care of her mother, Billie Reed. She is the child of Bo Brady and Billie Reed. Chelsea is born by the name of Georgia Reed Brady. \"Georgia\" is presumed dead, and buried in a bayou in Louisiana. In 2005 after Chelsea Benson's parents", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10377553", "score": "1.2213285", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Kimberly Brady", "text": "love for Kimberly and the child, they planned.to marry even though they believed Victor was Andrew's father. The news infuriated Emma, who tricked Kimberly into signing adoption papers. Kimberly Brady Kimberly Brady is a fictional character on the television soap opera \"Days of Our Lives\". The role was originated by actress Patsy Pease, and of four actresses to portray Kimberly, Pease is the one to have spent the most time in the role. After her initial run from 1984 to 1990 and from 1991 to 1992, she continues to return to \"Days of Our Lives\", as recently as 2016. Anne", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11003021", "score": "1.2188329", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Sami Brady", "text": "Series (in the 42nd Daytime Emmy Awards) for her portrayal of Sami. Sami Brady Sami Brady (also called by her married names of Reed, Walker, Roberts, Hernandez, and DiMera) is a fictional character from the American NBC daytime soap opera, \"Days of Our Lives\", portrayed by Alison Sweeney since 1993. The character was born on-screen during the episode of October 16, 1984, along with her twin brother Eric Brady. Initially played by a series of child actresses, Sweeney took over the role of Sami when the character was rapidly-aged from a pre-teen to a teenager, in January 1993, under the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10680073", "score": "1.2151215", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Bo Brady and Hope Williams", "text": "Peter Reckell are the face of Avon's Blue Rush perfume advertising campaign. Bo Brady and Hope Williams Beauregard \"Bo\" Brady and Hope Williams Brady are fictional characters and the signature supercouple on the American daytime drama \"Days of Our Lives\". Bo is portrayed by Peter Reckell and Hope is portrayed by Kristian Alfonso. On internet message boards, the couple is often referred by the portmanteau \"Bope\" (for Bo and Hope). Along with \"General Hospital's\" Luke and Laura Spencer, Bo and Hope are considered to be one of daytime's most iconic couples. Bo Brady and Hope Williams changed the face of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3322823", "score": "1.2125236", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives characters (2010s)", "text": "Kristen. Brady and Theresa are reunited with Christopher and Kristen is presumed deceased. The baby boy is returned to his parents thanks to Melanie and taken home to Salem. He undergoes a successful bone marrow transplant, with his mother as the donor. Later, his parents rename him Tate Donovan Black. Lani Price, portrayed by actress Sal Stowers, known to daytime audiences for portrayal of Cassandra Foster on the short lived online reboot of \"All My Children\", was introduced as a new police cadet at the Salem Police department and later reveals herself to be the illegitimate daughter of Mayor Abe", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18788498", "score": "1.2047819", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Shawn-Douglas Brady", "text": "Shawn-Douglas Brady Shawn-Douglas Brady is a fictional character on the television soap opera, \"Days of Our Lives\". He is the son of supercouple Bo Brady and Hope Williams and one half of the supercouple Shawn Brady and Belle Black. Jason Cook is most identifiable in the role, portraying the character from October 15, 1999, to September 22, 2006. Brandon Beemer was in the role from September 28, 2006, to March 21, 2008. In May 2015, \"Soap Opera Digest\" reported the character will be returning for the show's 50th anniversary, once again portrayed by Cook. On November 10, 2015, it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8442013", "score": "1.1882806", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "returned again in the spring of 2015 with Julie to visit Hope. Both Doug and Julie were highly involved with the show's 50th anniversary and were around to help Hope deal with the sudden death of Bo Brady from cancer. Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives) Doug Williams is a fictional character on the American soap opera \"Days of Our Lives\". He has been portrayed by Bill Hayes since 1970. Since 1999, Hayes has continued to make recurring appearances as Doug, notably airing during the holiday seasons. Born Brent Douglas, he later changed his name to Doug Williams. He is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250699", "score": "1.188023", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Brady Black", "text": "Brady Black Brady Black is a character on the NBC Daytime soap opera \"Days of Our Lives\". Formerly portrayed by Kyle Lowder, the role of Brady has been portrayed by Eric Martsolf since 2008. Martsolf won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2014 for his role as Brady. Brady is the son of John Black and Isabella Toscano, and the grandson of crime boss Victor Kiriakis. The character was initially played by Alex, Max, and Dash Lucero from May 1992 to September 1994, and subsequently by Eric and Brandon Billings from October 1994", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8475629", "score": "1.1811566", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives characters (2000s)", "text": "by Daphne Bloomer from 2002 to 2006, worked at Salem University Hospital as a lab tech, but she lost her job and her pension after Sami blackmailed her into looking the other way while Sami switched the results of a paternity test. She later conspired with Kate against Sami and also worked as Lucas' personal assistant at Titan. She briefly dated Lucas. Rex Brady was portrayed by actor Eric Winter. Rex first appeared on July 8, 2002, and left town on July 26, 2005. He is the son of Roman Brady and Kate Roberts and twin brother to Cassie Brady.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19017227", "score": "1.1738265", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Victor Kiriakis", "text": "Stefano DiMera by his daughter-in-law, Hope Brady. Victor Kiriakis Victor Kiriakis is a fictional character on NBC's \"Days of Our Lives\". The role has been portrayed by John Aniston since 1985. His time on the show has been since 1985 with a brief storyline driven absence in 2004 when his character was \"killed off\" but found alive on the island of Melaswen. Victor came to Salem in 1985 as an old friend of the Brady clan. As time went on, it was revealed that he was not only a former paramour of Brady matriarch Caroline, and the biological father of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8475683", "score": "1.169414", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Anna DiMera", "text": "Anna DiMera Anna Brady DiMera is a fictional character on the NBC daytime drama \"Days of Our Lives\". She is the ex-wife of Roman Brady, and the biological mother of Carrie Brady. Created by head writers Margaret DePriest and Sheri Anderson, Anna is portrayed by Leann Hunley. Anna is known for being a member of the powerful, upper class, DiMera family. She was married to Count Antony DiMera until his death in 2009. Hunley initially portrayed Anna from 1982–86. After a twenty-one year absence, Hunley reprised the role of Anna beginning on June 20, 2007, and remained on contract with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8468005", "score": "1.1661146", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Gina Von Amberg", "text": "recover for him. Gina Von Amberg Princess Gina Von Amberg is a fictional character on the American soap opera \"Days of Our Lives\". The role was portrayed from 1998 to 2001 by Kristian Alfonso, who also plays Hope Williams Brady on the series. Alfonso reprised the character of Gina on March 29, 2012 as part of a retconned storyline on the series, once again portraying the character until early-April 2012. Alfonso yet again reprised the character of Gina in a one-off reappearance during the show's Halloween special dream-sequence episode on October 31, 2017. Alfonso reprised the role once more during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10551593", "score": "1.1625136", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Carrie Brady", "text": "Carrie Brady Carrie Brady is a fictional character from the NBC soap opera, \"Days of Our Lives\", a long-running serial set in the fictional town of Salem. Created by head writer Margaret DePriest, the role of Carrie has been most notably portrayed by Christie Clark, who took over the role in 1986 as a teenager. Clark remained with the series off-and-on until leaving in October 2006, however, returned again as a series regular in September 2011 as part of a reboot of the series. Her return was short lived as she left the show the following July. On September 15,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10401717", "score": "1.1584272", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives characters (1990s)", "text": "deranged son Ben (Robert Scott Wilson) of the crime. On Oct. 24, 2017, after claiming to have revived the corpse of Will Horton while posing as a medical examiner in Salem, Rolf ingested a cyanide capsule and committed suicide as Sami Brady and Hope Brady looked on. On October 31, 2017 Rolf once again returned from the dead in a dream sequence, revived by Ben to bring his victims back to life. The pair later strangle Kayla Brady to death. Rolf dug up the graves of Serena Mason and Paige Larson, the two killing Chad, Abby and Lani respectively. Confronted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19017164", "score": "1.1559678", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady", "text": "autoimmune disease and requires a bone marrow transplant from his biological mother, Theresa. Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady Shane Donovan and Kimberly Brady Donovan are fictional characters and a supercouple from the American soap opera \"Days of Our Lives\". Shane was portrayed by Charles Shaughnessy. Kimberly has been primarily portrayed by Patsy Pease (1984–90, 1991–92, 1994, 1996, 1997–98, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016). Anne Marie Howard took over the role from Pease in 1990, until Pease returned in 1991. Actress Arianna Chase portrayed Kimberly from 1992–1993. Kimberly Brady arrived in Salem in 1984. Kimberly met Shane", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3320730", "score": "1.154294", "original_retrieval_index": 35 } ]

{ "title": "Hope Williams Brady", "long_answer": "Hope Alice Williams, the mother of Shawn-Douglas, Zack and Ciara Brady, was born on-screen on January 10, 1974 to Doug Williams and Addie Horton. Not long after Addie marries Doug and becomes pregnant, she discovers she is suffering from leukemia, but declines treatment in order to save her unborn baby. On December 24, 1974, while crossing the street, an oncoming car careens towards Hope and Addie, but Addie pushes Hope's baby-carriage out of the way, just in time to save her baby daughter, but not herself. Addie dies, and Hope is taken in by her maternal grandparents, Tom and Alice Horton, until Doug is strong enough to take care of her. Addie, who was wealthy from her first marriage to Ben Olson, leaves Doug and Hope with financial security. Hope is sent off to boarding school in 1982 and is not seen again until a year later. She returns in the spring of 1983 when Roman Brady rescues her after she runs away from boarding school and later falls from a car driven by a drunk friend. She later develops a crush on Roman. Hope eventually becomes a cop. Hope takes her job as a cop seriously.", "chunked_long_answer": "Hope Alice Williams, the mother of Shawn-Douglas, Zack and Ciara Brady, was born on-screen on January 10, 1974 to Doug Williams and Addie Horton. Not long after Addie marries Doug and becomes pregnant, she discovers she is suffering from leukemia, but declines treatment in order to save her unborn baby. On December 24, 1974, while crossing the street, an oncoming car careens towards Hope and Addie, but Addie pushes Hope's baby-carriage out of the way, just in time to save her baby daughter, but not herself. Addie dies, and Hope is taken in by her maternal grandparents, Tom and Alice", "short_answers": [ "Addie Horton", "Ciara Brady" ] }

[ "the Speaker of the House", "Speaker of the House" ]

[ { "title": "United States House of Representatives", "text": "The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other floor leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conference, depending on whichever party has more voting members. The House meets in the south wing of the United States Capitol.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "House of Representatives", "text": "Indonesian People's Representative Council (\"Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat\", DPR) is generally known in English as the \"House of Representatives\", as is the \"Dewan Rakyat\" of the Parliament of Malaysia and the Dáil Éireann of the Irish Oireachtas parliament. In the 2012 draft for a new Constitution of Egypt, the People's Assembly is called \"House of Representatives\". \"The House of Representatives\" currently is the name of a house of the legislature in the following countries: In the following countries it is the sole chamber in a unicameral system: \"House of Representatives\" is the title of most, but not all, of the lower", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12503594", "score": "1.0364678", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)", "text": "a backrest that is higher than the other seats in the House. The Speaker is elected by the Members of the House. Such an election takes place shortly after a general election or after the position became vacant. The House adopts a profile that outlines the desired qualities that potential candidates should have, such as prior experience and personal traits. The profile is not binding, however. Members can submit their candidacy, but this is not required. The election itself requires the participation of at least 76 Members. To win the election, a Member needs to obtain an absolute majority of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16459737", "score": "1.0320857", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "House of Representatives (Netherlands)", "text": "individual may be a member of both parliament and cabinet, except in a caretaker cabinet that has not yet been succeeded when a new House is sworn in. The House of Representatives is also responsible for the first round of selection for judges to the Supreme Court of the Netherlands. It submits a list of three names for every vacant position to the Government. Furthermore, it elects the Dutch Ombudsman and their subsidiaries. The normal term of the House of Representatives is four years. Elections are called when the government loses parliament's confidence, the governing coalition breaks down, the term", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1365476", "score": "1.0201339", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Parliament of Grenada", "text": "of any bill dealing with taxation or expenditure. The Governor General personifies the State. In law, she is the head of the Executive and an integral part of the legislature. In practice, she exercises all these powers on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. The House of Representatives has 16 members: 15 elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies, and a speaker. The elections are by the first-past-the-post system. The New National Party currently holds every seat in the House of Representatives. The House of Representatives is the focal point of parliamentary activity and public attention,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7436651", "score": "1.0185572", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Australian House of Representatives", "text": "of Representatives are often held in conjunction with those for the Senate. A member of the House may be referred to as a \"Member of Parliament\" (\"MP\" or \"Member\"), while a member of the Senate is usually referred to as a \"Senator\". The government of the day and by extension the Prime Minister must achieve and maintain the confidence of this House in order to gain and remain in power. The House of Representatives currently consists of 150 members, elected by and representing single member districts known as electoral divisions (commonly referred to as \"electorates\" or \"seats\"). The number of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "719446", "score": "1.0105412", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "House of Representatives (Nigeria)", "text": "House of Representatives (Nigeria) The House of Representatives is the lower house of Nigeria's bicameral National Assembly. The Senate is the upper house. The current House of Representatives, formed following elections held in April 2015, has a total of 360 members who are elected in single-member constituencies using the simple majority (or first-past-the-post) system. Members serve four-year terms. The Speaker of the Nigerian House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the house. A group of 37 House members of Nigeria’s ruling party, the All Progressives Congress have defected to opposition parties underscoring rising political tensions due to the upcoming", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6855395", "score": "0.9802377", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Australian House of Representatives", "text": "house is invited by the Governor-General to form the Government. In practice that means that the leader of the party (or coalition of parties) with a majority of members in the House becomes the Prime Minister, who then can nominate other elected members of the government party in both the House and the Senate to become ministers responsible for various portfolios and administer government departments. Bills appropriating money (supply bills) can only be introduced in the lower house and thus only the party with a majority in the lower house can govern. In the current Australian party system, this ensures", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "719454", "score": "0.97545683", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "House of Representatives", "text": "House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often called a \"Senate\". In some countries, the House of Representatives is the sole chamber of a unicameral legislature. The functioning of a house of representatives can vary greatly from country to country, and depends on whether a country has a parliamentary or a presidential system. Members of a House of Representatives are typically apportioned according to population rather than geography. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12503593", "score": "0.9718842", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "House of Representatives", "text": "It was replaced by the National Assembly according to the 1997 Constitution of The Gambia. House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often called a \"Senate\". In some countries, the House of Representatives is the sole chamber of a unicameral legislature. The functioning of a house of representatives can vary greatly from country to country, and depends on whether a country has a parliamentary or a presidential system. Members", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12503598", "score": "0.9663185", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "New Zealand House of Representatives", "text": "New Zealand House of Representatives The New Zealand House of Representatives is a component of the New Zealand Parliament, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor-General). The House passes all laws, provides ministers to form a Cabinet, and supervises the work of the Government. It is also responsible for adopting the state's budgets and approving the state's accounts. The House of Representatives is a democratically elected body whose members are known as members of Parliament (MPs). There are usually 120 members, though this number can be higher if there is an overhang. MPs are elected usually every three years", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2251659", "score": "0.9621972", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Government of Australia", "text": "the next such election. The members of the House of Representatives are elected by majority-preferential voting using the non-proportional Instant-runoff voting system from single-member constituencies allocated among the states and territories. In ordinary legislation, the two chambers have co-ordinate powers, but all proposals for appropriating revenue or imposing taxes must be introduced in the House of Representatives. Under the prevailing Westminster system, the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the support of a majority of the members in the House of Representatives is invited to form a government and is named Prime Minister. The Prime", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4177597", "score": "0.96199477", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives", "text": "of Representatives. He or she does not take part in debates in the House, does not vote in the House except in the (rare) event of a tied vote, and does not speak in public on party-political issues (except at election time in his or her own constituency). He or she is expected to conduct the business of the House in an impartial manner, and generally does so. There have been several memorable clashes between Speakers and the governments that caused them to be elected: In addition, a notable occurrence in 2011, a Speaker survived being countermanded by the House.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2172681", "score": "0.9590577", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Father of the Australian House of Representatives", "text": "Father of the Australian House of Representatives In Australian parliamentary practice, the Father of the House of Representatives is the member of the Australian House of Representatives who has served longer, continuously, than any other currently serving member. It is an informal, honorific title which carries no parliamentary responsibilities. Where two or more members have had equal lengths of continuous service, more than any other currently serving members, they are known as the joint Fathers of the House of Representatives. The current Father of the House is Kevin Andrews, who acquired the title on 10 May 2016 after the retirement", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2372846", "score": "0.95678616", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Parliament of Australia", "text": "is convention in the Westminster System, the party or coalition of parties that has the majority in this House forms the Government with the leader of that party or coalition becoming the Prime Minister. If the government loses the confidence of the House, they are expected to call a new election or resign. Parliament may determine the number of members of the House of Representatives but the Constitution provides that this number must be \"as nearly as practicable, twice the number of Senators\"; this requirement is commonly called the \"nexus provision\". Hence, the House presently consists of 150 members. Each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2045339", "score": "0.9530505", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "New Zealand House of Representatives", "text": "news agencies which are accredited members of the New Zealand House of Representatives press gallery. New Zealand House of Representatives The New Zealand House of Representatives is a component of the New Zealand Parliament, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor-General). The House passes all laws, provides ministers to form a Cabinet, and supervises the work of the Government. It is also responsible for adopting the state's budgets and approving the state's accounts. The House of Representatives is a democratically elected body whose members are known as members of Parliament (MPs). There are usually 120 members, though this number", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2251699", "score": "0.9514419", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "House of Representatives of the Philippines", "text": "He presides over the session; decides on all questions of order, subject to appeal by any member; signs all acts, resolutions, memorials, writs, warrants and subpoenas issued by or upon order of the House; appoints, suspends, dismisses or disciplines House personnel; and exercise administrative functions. The speaker is elected by majority of all the members of the house, including vacant seats. The speaker is traditionally elected at the convening of each Congress. Before a speaker is elected, the House's sergeant-at-arms sits as the \"Presiding Officer\" until a speaker is elected. Compared to the Senate President, the unseating of an incumbent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2004148", "score": "0.9474007", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "House of Representatives of the Philippines", "text": "of about 250,000 people. There are also party-list representatives elected through the party-list system who constitute not more than twenty percent of the total number of representatives. Aside from needing its agreement to every bill in order to be sent for the President's signature to become law, the House of Representatives has power to impeach certain officials and all money bills must originate from the lower house. The House of Representatives is headed by the Speaker, currently Gloria Macapagal Arroyo of Pampanga. The official headquarters of the House of Representatives is at the \"Batasang Pambansa\" (literally, \"national legislature\") located in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2004138", "score": "0.9472893", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "House of Representatives (Nepal)", "text": "vacant in the following circumstances: House of Representatives (Nepal) The House of Representatives (; \"Pratinidhi Sabha\") is the lower house of the bicameral Federal parliament of Nepal, with the Upper house being the National Assembly. Members of the House of Representatives are elected through a parallel voting system. They hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the International Convention Centre in Kathmandu. The House has 275 members; 165 elected from single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting and 110 elected through proportional", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6057369", "score": "0.947103", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "House of Representatives (Egypt)", "text": "Five of the Constitution. According to article 86 the House of Representatives shall undertake: In practice, the People's Assembly had very little power prior to the 2011 Egyptian revolution. It was dominated by the National Democratic Party, and there was little substantive opposition to executive decisions. The House of Representatives Speaker (HR Speaker) presides over the House and is elected from the House membership, along with two deputies during the first session of the season. The Speaker's role in session is to keep the peace and order to the parliamentary session, take part in discussion provided that he gives up", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5149925", "score": "0.94560236", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Lok Sabha", "text": "the People, b) he/she resigns, or c) is removed from office by a resolution of the House passed by a majority. The Speaker of Lok Sabha is both a member of the House and its Presiding Officer. The Speaker conducts the business in the House. He/she decides whether a bill is a money bill or not. He/she maintains discipline and decorum in the house and can punish a member for their unruly behaviour by suspending them. He/she permits the moving of various kinds of motions and resolutions like the motion of no confidence, motion of adjournment, motion of censure and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1953341", "score": "0.94519186", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "House of Representatives (Thailand)", "text": "exercise their powers on a non-partisan basis. The Constitution stipulated that the Prime Minister and the Ministers had to be former members of the House of Representatives. After the first session, the House had to vote in a resolution to elect a Prime Minister, after which the King would formally approve him within thirty days. The Prime Minister-elect was always the leader of the largest party in the House. However, under the electoral system, the House resulted in a hung parliament. After the 2007 election, six parties formed a governing coalition, electing Samak Sundaravej of the largest party, People's Power", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7261090", "score": "0.9445701", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "New Zealand House of Representatives", "text": "it can dissolve the government if a vote of no confidence is passed. The current government is a minority coalition government consisting of the Labour Party and New Zealand First, with confidence and supply from the Green Party. These parties collectively have 63 members in the House (52.5% of seats), thus Labour leader Jacinda Ardern commands the support of the House. The House of Representatives normally consists of 120 members, who bear the title \"Member of Parliament\" (MP). They were previously known as \"Members of the House of Representatives\" (MHRs) until the passing of the Parliamentary and Executive Titles Act", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2251664", "score": "0.94312114", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "House of Representatives (Japan)", "text": "as on September 28, 2017. The House of Representatives has several powers not given to the House of Councillors. If a bill is passed by the lower house (the House of Representatives) but is voted down by the upper house (the House of Councillors) the House of Representatives can override the decision of the House of Councillors by a two-thirds vote in the affirmative. However, in the case of treaties, the budget, and the selection of the prime minister, the House of Councillors can only delay passage, but not block the legislation. As a result, the House of Representatives is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1711801", "score": "0.9421628", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "October 2015 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election", "text": "House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives, and is second in the United States presidential line of succession, after the Vice President and ahead of the President pro tempore of the United States Senate. Though the Constitution does not require that the Speaker be an elected member of the House of Representatives, every Speaker to date has been elected from House membership. The 435 members of the House of Representatives elect a Speaker by majority rule at the beginning of each session of the United States Congress, who serves until the end of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19075938", "score": "0.940926", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "House of Representatives (Netherlands)", "text": "commands a majority in the chamber. Since 2012, the House of Representatives appoints a \"scout\" to ask the major party leaders about prospective coalitions. On the basis of the scout's interviews, the House of Representatives then appoints an informateur, who checks out possible coalitions, and formateur, who leads negotiations (in previous years the informateur and formateur were appointed by the monarch). It typically takes a few months before the formateur is ready to accept a royal invitation to form a government and become prime minister. All cabinet members must resign from parliament, as the constitution does not allow a cabinet", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1365485", "score": "0.9400565", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Australian House of Representatives", "text": "Australian House of Representatives The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia, the upper house being the Senate. Its composition and powers are established in Chapter I of the Constitution of Australia. The term of members of the House of Representatives is a maximum of three years from the date of the first sitting of the House, but on only one occasion since Federation has the maximum term been reached. The House is almost always dissolved earlier, usually alone but sometimes in a double dissolution of both Houses. Elections for members of the House", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "719445", "score": "0.9387007", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines", "text": "Macapagal Arroyo from Pampanga. She was elected to the office on July 23, 2018, and is the first woman and 21st person to serve as Speaker. When the Office of the Speaker is vacant (usually at the beginning of a new Congress), the Secretary-General of the House sits as the Speaker until a person is elected. A Speaker is usually elected via majority vote via roll call of the Representatives, after nomination at the start of each new Congress. Usually, despite the current multi-party system used, only two representatives are nominated, with nominations being agreed upon before each Congress during", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9097550", "score": "0.93595517", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "House of Representatives (Nepal)", "text": "for political parties, considering the whole country as a single election constituency. The House of Representatives, unless dissolved, continues to operate for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting. However, in a state of emergency, the term of the House of Representatives may be extended, not exceeding one year in accordance with federal law. The current House of Representatives was elected in 2017 and its first meeting was held on 4 March 2018. The House of Representatives was first provisioned by the \"Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal 1990\". It consisted of 205 members directly elected from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6057365", "score": "0.9352828", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "House of Representatives (Libya)", "text": "House of Representatives (Libya) The House of Representatives (HoR) (, ) is a legislature of Libya. As part of the ongoing Libyan Civil War, it represents the \"Tobruk government\" based in the east of the country. It took power on 4 August 2014, following an election on 25 June 2014, replacing the General National Congress. Turnout at the election was 18%, down from 60% in the first post-Gaddafi election of July 2012. Because of security concerns no voting took place in some locations. The current chairman is Aguila Saleh Issa. The current deputy presidents of the Council of Deputies are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18177832", "score": "0.9339162", "original_retrieval_index": 36 } ]

{ "title": "United States House of Representatives", "long_answer": "The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other floor leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conference, depending on whichever party has more voting members. The House meets in the south wing of the United States Capitol.", "chunked_long_answer": "The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is therefore traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other floor leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conference, depending on whichever party has more voting members. The House meets in the south wing of the United States Capitol.", "short_answers": [ "Speaker of the House", "the Speaker of the House" ] }

[ "Hasmukh Adhia" ]

[ { "title": "Finance Secretary", "text": "Hasmukh Adhia is the present finance secretary of India.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Minister of Finance (India)", "text": "become the Prime Minister who are: Morarji Desai, Charan Singh, V. P. Singh and Manmohan Singh. Minister of Finance (India) The Minister of Finance (or simply, Finance Minister) is the head of the Ministry of Finance of the Government of India. One of the senior-most offices in the Union Cabinet, the finance minister is responsible for the fiscal policy of the government. As part of this, a key duty of the Finance Minister is to present the annual Union Budget in Parliament, which details the government's plan for taxation and spending in the coming financial year. Through the Budget, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5784236", "score": "1.2265143", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "S. Venkitaramanan", "text": "Government of Karnataka before his appointment as Governor of the RBI. Venkitaramanan has published three books, Indian Economy: Reviews And Commentaries - Vol I, Indian Economy: Reviews And Commentaries - Vol II, and Indian Economy: Reviews And Commentaries - Vol III. His daughter Girija Vaidyanathan — a 1981, Tamil Nadu cadre Indian Administrative Service officer — is the current Chief Secretary of Tamil Nadu. S. Venkitaramanan S Venkitaramanan was the eighteenth Governor of the Reserve Bank of India from 22 December 1990 to 22 December 1992. Venkitaramanan also served as Finance Secretary, Ministry of Finance from 1985 to 1989 Venkitaramanan", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9280549", "score": "1.2200366", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Minister of Finance (India)", "text": "the Minister of State for Finance and the lower-ranked Deputy Minister of Finance. The first Finance Minister of independent India was R. K. Shanmukham Chetty, who also presented its first Budget. The incumbent Arun Jaitley, of the Bharatiya Janata Party, has held office since 26 May 2014. , Morarji Desai has presented 10 budgets which is the highest followed by P Chidambaram's 9 and Pranab Mukherjee's 8. Yashwant Sinha, Yashwantrao Chavan and C.D. Deshmukh have presented 7 budgets each while Manmohan Singh and T.T. Krishnamachari have presented 6 budgets. As of February 2018, four Finance Ministers have gone on to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5784235", "score": "1.2131704", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Hasmukh Adhia", "text": "Adhia retired from IAS and simultaneously demitted the offices of Finance Secretary and Revenue Secretary on 30November 2018; he was succeeded as Revenue Secretary by Unique Identification Authority of India's chief executive officer Ajay Bhushan Pandey, and as Finance Secretary by Expenditure Secretary Ajay Narayan Jha, as the senior-most secretary in the Ministry of Finance. Ahead of his retirement, Adhia was praised by Minister of Finance Arun Jaitley, who called him \"highly competent, disciplined, no-nonsense civil servant [...] with impeccable integrity,\" and said that Adhia refused important post-retirement assignment from the government and instead intended to focus on spirituality and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18383892", "score": "1.2014747", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Debi Prasad Pal", "text": "was selected by the Congress (I) for the Calcutta North-West parliamentary constituency. He beat his political and legal guru Ashoke Kumar Sen by a huge margin. He was chosen to be the Union Minister of State for Finance by the then Prime Minister of India P. V. Narasimha Rao. He worked with Finance Minister Manmohan Singh, the former Prime Minister of India. He was also elected for the Lok Sabha in the years 1991 and 1996. He briefly joined Trinamool Congress after getting an invitation from its leader Mamata Banerjee but eventually came back to the Congress. He was the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13803152", "score": "1.1832426", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Navin Kumar", "text": "cleared Kumar’s name to head Special Purpose Vehicle to handle the Goods and Services Tax Network. In March 2013, Kumar was selected as Chairman of Goods and Services Tax Network by a selection committee. The selection committee, headed by Finance Minister P Chidambaram, chose Kumar from a list of six people, including three more Indian Administrative Services officers and two Indian Revenue Service officers. Along with Finance Minister, the committee consisted of Unique Identification Authority Chairman Nandan Nilekani and Empowered Committee of State Finance Ministers Chairman Sushil Modi. Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) was set up as a Section", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19362262", "score": "1.1816556", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Minister of Finance (India)", "text": "Minister of Finance (India) The Minister of Finance (or simply, Finance Minister) is the head of the Ministry of Finance of the Government of India. One of the senior-most offices in the Union Cabinet, the finance minister is responsible for the fiscal policy of the government. As part of this, a key duty of the Finance Minister is to present the annual Union Budget in Parliament, which details the government's plan for taxation and spending in the coming financial year. Through the Budget, the finance minister also outlines the allocations to different ministries and departments. Occasionally, he is assisted by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5784234", "score": "1.1763458", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Ajay Narayan Jha", "text": "the Union Expenditure Secretary by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) in October 2017, succeeding Ashok Lavasa, he was made officer on special duty (OSD), in the rank of secretary, till Lavasa's retirement. Jha assumed the office of secretary on 31 October 2017. During his tenure as the Union Expenditure Secretary, Jha has been regarded as one of the most important people in the Ministry of Finance. Ajay Narayan Jha Ajay Narayan Jha (born 15 January 1959; IAST: ) is a 1982 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of Manipur cadre. He currently is the Finance Secretary of India.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20596136", "score": "1.1729062", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Vinod Rai", "text": "1980. Later he was appointed as Principal Secretary (Finance) in the State Government of Kerala. He had served senior positions in the Ministries of Commerce and Defence, Government of India. Prior to his appointment as CAG, he served as Secretary, Financial Services and Additional Secretary in the Banking Division including banks and insurance companies under Ministry of Finance. Rai was instrumental in setting up the India Infrastructure Finance Company and was also on the Board of this company. Apart from serving in both, state and union governments, he has been a director on several Boards, including the State Bank of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12683309", "score": "1.1704886", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Finance Secretary", "text": "Finance Secretary The Finance Secretary is the Permanent Secretary-level civil servant, who plays a leadership role in the bureaucracy of the Finance Ministry, Government of India. Ajay Narayan Jha is the present finance secretary of India. The Ministry of Finance is composed of five departments the Department of Economic Affairs, the Department of Revenue, the Department of Expenditure, the Department of Financial Services and Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (formerly known as Department of Disinvestment). Each of the departments is headed by a secretary. Each of the five secretaries directly reports to the finance minister. The \"Finance Secretary\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5277924", "score": "1.1675897", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Ajay Bhushan Pandey", "text": "executive officer (CEO) of the Unique Identification Authority of India by the prime minister-headed Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) in May 2016, he assumed office on 31 May 2016. In June 2017, after Pandey's promotion, the status of CEO of UIDAI was upgraded to be equivalent to a secretary to the Government of India from additional secretary to the Government of India. Pandey was given the additional charge of chairperson of the Goods and Services Tax Network by the ACC in September 2017. He assumed office on 10 September 2017. Ajay Bhushan Pandey Ajay Bhushan Pandey (born 2 February", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20544690", "score": "1.1553439", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "N. K. Singh", "text": "27 November 2017, Modi government appointed him as the chairman of Fifteenth Finance Commission of India. Former Economic Affairs Secretary Shaktikanta Das, Niti Aayog Member Ramesh Chand, Former Chief Economic Advisor Ashok Lahiri, and Georgetown University Professor Anoop Singh are the other members of the Commission. As per Article 280 of Indian Constitution, Finance Commission is required to make recommendations on the distribution of the net proceeds of taxes between the Centre and the states. 15th Finance Commission will make recommendations after reviewing several important aspects of federal fiscal finance including deficit, cash balances, debt levels, and fiscal discipline efforts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13373291", "score": "1.1548401", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Shaktikanta Das", "text": "joint secretary in the Department of Expenditure of the Ministry of Finance in the Indian government. Das also had a stint with Mahindra Industrial Park Ltd (Mahindra World City), on deputation to a private sector company under Rule6(2)(ii) of the Indian Administrative Service (Cadre) Rules, 1954. Das was appointed Union Revenue Secretary by the prime minister-led-Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) in June2014, he assumed the office of Secretary on 16June2014, and demitted it on 31August2015. Das was appointed Union Economic Affairs Secretary by the ACC in August2015, he assumed the office of Secretary on 31August2015, and admitted it and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20534419", "score": "1.1499238", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Yashwant Sinha", "text": "was appointed General Secretary of the party. He worked as Minister of Finance from November 1990 to June 1991 in Chandra Shekhar's Cabinet. He became the National Spokesperson of the Bharatiya Janata Party in June 1996. He was appointed finance minister in March 1998. He was appointed as Minister for External Affairs on 1 July 2002. In the Lok Sabha elections of 2004, he was defeated in Hazaribagh Constituency. He re-entered the Parliament in 2005. On 13 June 2009, he resigned from the post of vice-president of BJP. Sinha was the finance minister until 1 July 2002, when he exchanged", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2807068", "score": "1.1485276", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Ashok Lavasa", "text": "Finance after the retirement of Ratan Watal, Lavasa was designated as Finance Secretary in May 2016. Post-retirement, Lavasa was appointed as one of the two Election Commissioners of India in January 2018. Lavasa assumed charge as Election Commissioner on 23 January 2018. Ashok Lavasa Ashok Lavasa (IAST: ) (born 21 October 1957) is a retired 1980 batch Indian Administrative Service officer of Haryana cadre and is one of the two Election Commissioners of India. He has also served as the Finance Secretary of India, Environment, Forests and Climate Change Secretary of India and Civil Aviation Secretary of India. Ashok Lavasa", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20543466", "score": "1.1480802", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Duvvuri Subbarao", "text": "and 1993. Subsequently, he became the Finance Secretary to the Government of Andhra Pradesh between 1993 and 1998. On completion of his term, he was deputed as lead economist in the World Bank from 1999 to 2004. On completion of his term, he was appointed to the Prime Ministers’ Economic Advisory Council from 2005 to 2007 before he was elevated as the Finance Secretary in 2007. On 5 September 2008, he was appointed the twenty-second Governor of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Arun Ramanathan was appointed as Finance Secretary on 21 September 2008 in his vacancy. His term was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12409198", "score": "1.1477681", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Pranab Mukherjee", "text": "to a survey of Euromoney magazine. Mukherjee returned to handling the finance of India during the premiership of Narasimha Rao. He was appointed the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission. Since the Prime Minister of India happens to be the ex-officio chairperson of Planning Commission of India, the position of the deputy chairperson has great significance. During Mukherjee's tenure 1991–96, Dr. Manmohan Singh as Finance Minister oversaw many economic reforms to end the Licence Raj system and help open the Indian economy. Mukherjee again became the Finance Minister of India in 2009. He presented the annual budgets in 2009, 2010", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3154442", "score": "1.14675", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Arjun Ram Meghwal", "text": "as the Chairman of House Committee, Lok Sabha. Meghwal sworn in as Minister of State for Finance on 5 July 2016. He is doing remarkable work for successful implementation of Goods & Service Tax. Arjun Ram Meghwal Arjun Ram Meghwal (born 20 December 1954) is an Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party and former party Chief Whip in 16th Lok Sabha, Currently He is Union Minister of State in Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation and Parliamentary Affairs in Government of India. He has been elected to the 15th and 16th Lok Sabhas (terms of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17089385", "score": "1.1465025", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Pradeep Kumar Sinha", "text": "Ajit Seth. He served as an officer of special (OSD), in the rank of secretary, in the Cabinet Secretariat till Seth's retirement, formally taking charge as Cabinet Secretary on June 13, 2015. The union government constituted a selection committee headed by Cabinet Secretary P.K. Sinha for the shortlisting of candidates for Reserve Bank India governorship following the end of Raghuram Rajan's term in September 2016. Urjit Patel was appointed as Governor of RBI, with effect from 04 September 2016. On April 25, 2017, Sinha got an extension of one year as Cabinet Secretary. Sinha was granted another one year extension", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18809762", "score": "1.1460521", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Union budget of India", "text": "minister to present the Union budget on his birthday. Desai presented budgets that included five annual budgets and an interim budget during his first stint and three final budgets and one interim budget in his second tenure when he was both the Finance Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister of India. After Desai's resignation, Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, took over the Ministry of Finance to become the only woman to hold the post of the Finance Minister. Pranab Mukherjee, the first Rajya Sabha member to hold the Finance portfolio, presented the annual budgets for the financial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5787097", "score": "1.144548", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Raghuram Rajan", "text": "Singh's request. On 10 August 2012 Rajan was appointed as [[Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India|chief economic adviser]] to India's [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], succeeding [[Kaushik Basu]] in the role. He prepared the [[Economic Survey of India]] for the year 2012–13. On 6 August 2013 it was announced that Rajan would take over as the [[Governor of the Reserve Bank of India|Governor]] of the [[Reserve Bank of India]] for a term of 3 years, succeeding [[Duvvuri Subbarao]]. On 5 September 2013 he took charge as the [[List of Governors of Reserve Bank of India|23rd governor]], at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7188918", "score": "1.1409645", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Fifteenth Finance Commission", "text": "Fifteenth Finance Commission The FifteenthFinance Commission of India (XV-FC) is an Indian Finance Commission constituted in November2017 and is to give recommendations for devolution of taxes and other fiscal matters for fivefiscal years, commencing 1April2020. The commission's chairman is N. K. Singh, with its full-timemembers being Shaktikanta Das, Ashok Lahiri and Anoop Singh. In addition, the commission also has a part-timemember in Ramesh Chand. The FifteenthFinance Commission was constituted by the Government of India—after getting ceremonial approval from President of India—through a notification in \"The Gazette of India\" on 27November2017. Nand Kishore Singh was appointed as the commission's chairman, with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20544361", "score": "1.1390978", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Amitabh Rajan", "text": "as the Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Personnel from 2010 to 2011. From 2006 to 2011, he served as the Principal Secretary and Investment Commissioner to the Government of Maharashtra, and was the Chairman and Managing Director of a National Finance and Development Corporation from 2001 to 2006. Prior to this, he has served the Government of India in various capacities, as the Secretary to the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission, the Director of Finance (Ministry of Social Justice), the Deputy Secretary (Home: Special), and District Magistrate for Jalgaon and Nanded districts in Maharashtra. He has represented India in various", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18216457", "score": "1.1388752", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Yashwant Sinha", "text": "at 5 pm local time, a practice held over from British Rule days that sought to present the Indian budget at a time convenient to the British Parliament (1130am GMT) rather than India's Parliament. Sinha has written a comprehensive account of his years as Finance Minister titled \"Confessions of a Swadeshi Reformer\". Yashwant Sinha has been accused by opponents, and by other political observers of trying to promote nepotism by nominating his son Jayant Sinha as a successor to contest from Hazaribagh overlooking the interests of many other loyal party workers, though he tried to justify the nomination of his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2807070", "score": "1.1382369", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Hasmukh Adhia", "text": "Adhia was also a consultant to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Adhia was appointed as the Union Financial Services Secretary by the prime minister-headed Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) in November 2014, he assumed office on 3November, and demitted it on 31August 2015, when he was appointed the Union Revenue Secretary. Adhia was appointed as the Union Revenue Secretary by the ACC in August 2015, he assumed office on 1September 2016. In September 2017, after the retirement of Ashok Lavasa, Adhia was designated as the Finance Secretary, as he became the senior-most secretary in the Ministry of Finance.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18383891", "score": "1.1365618", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Manmohan Singh", "text": "appointed Governor of the Reserve Bank of India under then Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee and held the post until 1985. He went on to become the deputy chairman of the Planning Commission (India) from 1985 to 1987. Following his tenure at the Planning Commission, he was Secretary General of the South Commission, an independent economic policy think tank headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland from 1987 to November 1990. Singh returned to India from Geneva in November 1990 and held the post as the Advisor to Prime Minister of India on Economic Affairs during the tenure of V. P. Singh. In March", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3011204", "score": "1.1364236", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Rakesh Mohan", "text": "2004 as Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs and Chief Economic Adviser to the Finance Minister of India till July 2005, before returning to RBI, where he remained till June 2009, when he took up an assignment at Stanford Centre for International Development at Stanford University, US, and subsequently joined McKinsey and Co's economic research wing. In 2010 back in India from his project, he worked with Nandan Nilekani, Shirish Patel, Keshub Mahindra, Deepak Parekh, to set up Indian Institute for Human Settlements, in Delhi. In April 2010, he joined the board of directors of Nestle India. In November 2012, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14493185", "score": "1.1357101", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Budget Day", "text": "in his second tenure when he was both the Finance Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India. After Desai's resignation, Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, took over the Ministry of Finance to become the only woman to hold the post of the finance minister. Pranab Mukherjee, the first Rajya Sabha member to hold the Finance portfolio, presented the annual budgets for 1982–83, 1983–84 and 1984–85. Rajiv Gandhi presented the budget for 1987–89 after V P Singh quit his government, and in the process became only the third Prime Minister to present a budget after his mother and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9528573", "score": "1.1356713", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Arvind Subramanian", "text": "1999 to 2000. He has also taught at Johns Hopkins' School for Advanced International Studies from 2008 to 2010. In October 2014, he was appointed the Chief Economic Adviser (CEA) to Indian government. The post had been lying vacant since Raghuram Rajan left the finance ministry to join as governor of the Reserve Bank of India in September 2013. After his three-year term ended in 2017, he was given a year’s extension. On 20 June 2018, finance minister Arun Jaitley announced that owing to family commitments, Subramanian would be stepping down before the scheduled end of his tenure to return", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16530748", "score": "1.1349193", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Finance Secretary", "long_answer": "Hasmukh Adhia is the present finance secretary of India.", "chunked_long_answer": "Hasmukh Adhia is the present finance secretary of India.", "short_answers": [ "Hasmukh Adhia" ] }

[ "the New England Patriots", "the Kansas City Chiefs" ]

[ { "title": "NFL Kickoff Game", "text": "2017: The defending Super Bowl LI champions, the New England Patriots, hosted the Kansas City Chiefs for the 2017 Kickoff Game at Gillette Stadium. Goodell visited Gillette Stadium for the Kickoff Game, having been absent from the venue since the 2014 season.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "2017 Houston Texans season", "text": "with one touchdown and an interception along with 2 rushes for 16 yards. Linebacker Brian Cushing was suspended 10 games without pay following the game for violating the NFL's PED policy. Deshaun Watson started his first NFL game for the Texans against the Bengals on Thursday Night Football. Watson scored the team's only touchdown of the game on a 49-yard run while the Bengals failed to score a touchdown. Trying to get their first ever win in New England and only their second ever win against the Patriots, the Texans led 33-28 with 2:28 remaining, but Tom Brady threw the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19820111", "score": "1.0330656", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Josh Kline", "text": "first NFL game on November 3 when he entered the game at left guard for the final play, a kneel-down against the Pittsburgh Steelers. He played briefly in the Patriots' 34-31 win December 1 over the Houston Texans. He saw his first significant playing time in a December 15 game against the Miami Dolphins, when Patriots starting offensive lineman Nate Solder went down with an injury. Kline was inserted into the lineup and played most of the game at left guard, with starting left guard Logan Mankins shifting to left tackle. Kline made his first start and played the entire", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17320057", "score": "1.0127751", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Mason Crosby", "text": "53-yarder and a 42-yard kick with two seconds left on the clock to help the Packers defeat the visiting Philadelphia Eagles. The kick was the first game-winner by a rookie on opening weekend since 1979 (when Matt Bahr achieved the same feat). Crosby was the first player in NFL history to kick a 50-yard field goal and a game-winning field goal with under a minute remaining in his NFL debut. Crosby was named NFC Special Teams Player of the Week (the first rookie kicker to receive this honor on opening weekend). Crosby was awarded the NFC Special Teams Player of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7555730", "score": "1.0124927", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Mark Sanchez", "text": "starter for the 2009 season. On August 26, 2009, Sanchez was named the starter, becoming the first rookie quarterback to start the season for the team since Dick Jamieson in 1960. Sanchez started his first regular season NFL game against the Houston Texans on September 13, 2009, throwing his first touchdown pass, a 30-yard reception, to wide receiver Chansi Stuckey. Sanchez and the Jets won the game 24–7, with Sanchez throwing for 272 yards, a touchdown, and an interception. He was named the Pepsi Rookie of the Week for his performance in the game, the first of three consecutive Rookie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7672192", "score": "1.0060062", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Marquez Valdes-Scantling", "text": "his NFL debut in the Packers' season opener against the Chicago Bears on September 9, 2018, recording a 21-yard kick return in the 24–23 victory. He recorded his first professional reception in the following game against the Minnesota Vikings. He started his first career game in place of the injured Randall Cobb in a week 4 win over the Buffalo Bills, catching one pass for 38 yards. Still starting in place of Cobb during a week 5 loss to the Detroit Lions, Valdes-Scantling had a breakout performance, notching seven receptions for 68 yards and a touchdown. He followed that up", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20696523", "score": "1.0050641", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Antoine Cason", "text": "the San Diego Chargers. Cason played in all 16 regular season games and both playoff games at cornerback and on special teams as a rookie for the 2008 AFC Western Division champion San Diego Chargers. His first NFL interception came on September 14, 2008, against the Denver Broncos, picking off Jay Cutler in the end zone and returning for 10 yards. His second NFL interception was a 59-yard pick of Tampa Bay's Jeff Garcia for his first career NFL touchdown. He ended his rookie season with 74 tackles (59 solo) and 2 INTs. The Chargers first game of the season", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9214872", "score": "0.9998885", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Cordarrelle Patterson", "text": "In Patterson's second career game against the Chicago Bears on September 15, he scored his first NFL career touchdown by returning the opening kickoff for a 105-yard kick return touchdown, marking the first kickoff return touchdown the Bears had allowed since September 30, 2007. For his outstanding performance on special teams during the month of September, Patterson was honored as the NFC Special Teams Player of the Month. In Week 8, Patterson returned the opening kickoff 109-yards for a touchdown, an NFL record for the longest play ever. After Patterson's performance against the Green Bay Packers he was named NFC", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16869860", "score": "0.9967522", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Vadal Alexander", "text": "debut during the second game of the season in a loss against the Atlanta Falcons. On October 2, 2016, he made his first career start during a 28-27 victory over the Baltimore Ravens after starting right tackle Austin Howard was unable to play due to an ankle injury. Howard's backup. Menelik Watson, was unable to play after he suffered an hamstring injury and the Raider's third backup right tackle option, Matt McCants, was down with a knee injury. Although the Baltimore Ravens targeted Alexander throughout the game and he was called for three holding penalties and a false start, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19027633", "score": "0.99637926", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Teddy Bridgewater", "text": "the season after Cassel, who broke his foot in the aforementioned game, was placed on injured reserve. On Sunday, September 28, 2014, he made his first regular season start against the Atlanta Falcons and won the game, in large part due to his 317 passing yards, and scored his first NFL touchdown off a 13-yard run into the end zone. After spraining his ankle during the Falcons matchup, Bridgewater was inactive for the next game against the Green Bay Packers on \"Thursday Night Football\" in Week 5. Bridgewater was able to recover for the week 6 game against the Detroit", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16216117", "score": "0.99625754", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Josh Johnson (quarterback)", "text": "first game after Sanchez was benched against the New York Giants in the third quarter of a 40–16 loss. It was Johnson's first appearance in a NFL game since 2013 with the Cincinnati Bengals. He finished the game completing 11 passes from 16 attempts for 195 yards, one touchdown (his first touchdown since 2011 with the Buccaneers) and an interception. He also rushed for 45 yards and his first career rushing touchdown on seven attempts. After the game, it was announced that Johnson would be the starter for the next game against the Jacksonville Jaguars. The game resulted in a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11380545", "score": "0.99613166", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Jack Doyle (American football)", "text": "the Denver Broncos in Week 7. The following game, he was promoted to being the primary backup on the depth chart behind Coby Fleener and earned his first career start during a 27–25 win at the Houston Texans in Week 9 after the Colts released Dominique Jones. He finished his rookie season in 2013 with five receptions for 19-yards in 15 games and four starts. The Indianapolis Colts finished the 2013 season first in the AFC South with an 11–5 record. On January 4, 2014, Doyle appeared in his first career playoff game as the Colts defeated the Kansas City", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17622782", "score": "0.99423426", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Zuriel Smith", "text": "game of the special teams units. In his NFL debut playing on Monday Night Football against the New York Giants on September 15, he returned five kickoffs for 120 yards and also returned four punts. But his best play came with 11 seconds left in the game, after he let a Matt Bryant kickoff roll out of bounds, just inches from the end zone. The penalty gave the Cowboys the ball at their own 40 yard-line with no time off the clock, and allowed them to tie the game and eventually win it in overtime (35-32). In , he led", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7510866", "score": "0.99346274", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Brock Huard", "text": "football. He ended with career NFL stats of 60 of 109 for 689 yards with 4 touchdowns and 2 interceptions. In , the Huards became the first set of brothers in NFL history to start at quarterback on the same weekend. On November 26, Damon opened against the Indianapolis Colts as a member of the Miami Dolphins, while Brock started for the Seahawks against the Huard does numerous radio and television gigs, and has done color commentary for Fox Sports Networks on their Pac-12 games. He has had jobs announcing for ESPN Pop Warner football specials live from Disney's Wide", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7005021", "score": "0.99336493", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Paxton Lynch", "text": "first NFL regular-season game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, replacing the injured Trevor Siemian. He finished with 170 passing yards on 14-of-24 attempts and threw his first career touchdown pass to wide receiver Emmanuel Sanders in a 27–7 road win at Raymond James Stadium. In Week 5, Lynch started his first NFL game, completing 23-of-35 passes for 223 yards, one touchdown, and one interception in the 23–16 loss to the Atlanta Falcons. He was sacked six times, a record for a Broncos rookie. In Week 13, Lynch again replaced the injured Siemian against the Jacksonville Jaguars, posting 12 completions on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19032900", "score": "0.99237186", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "2007 Green Bay Packers season", "text": "the first time since 1990 when the New York Giants lost to the San Francisco 49ers. Cowboys quarterback Tony Romo faced off against his boyhood idol Brett Favre in the game. The Packers started the game missing two key players of their defense, with injured cornerback Charles Woodson (tied for 7th in the NFL with 4 interceptions) and pass-rushing end Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila (tied for 6th in the NFL with 9.5 sacks) on the inactive list. In the first quarter, Green Bay took the early lead as rookie kicker Mason Crosby completed a 47-yard field goal. On the first play of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9642034", "score": "0.99181694", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Spencer Larsen", "text": "became the first NFL player since 2003 (and only the fourth since 1990) to start a game on both offense (fullback) and defense (linebacker). The positions fullback and linebacker both involve considerably more contact than the wide receiver / cornerback positions played by other modern two-way players such as Troy Brown, Deion Sanders, Julian Edelman, and Champ Bailey. He also played on special teams during the game, including the opening kickoff. Larsen earned Diet Pepsi NFL Rookie of the Week honors for the first time in his career for his performance against the Falcons. Larsen signed with the New England", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11896477", "score": "0.990521", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Austin Davis", "text": "the first week of the 2014 NFL season against the Minnesota Vikings, Davis entered the game at the start of the second half in relief of starter Shaun Hill. A week later, due to Hill's injury, Davis made his NFL starting debut on September 14, in a winning effort against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Following the Rams' 28–26 upset win over the defending Super Bowl champion Seattle Seahawks in Week 7, former All-Pro quarterback and legend Brett Favre tabbed Davis as a potential Tom Brady or Kurt Warner of the future, both of whom won Super Bowls despite a bleak", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13748886", "score": "0.9894624", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Marcus Mariota", "text": "where he completed 7 out of 8 passes for 94 yards with an interception and a lost fumble returned for a touchdown. Mariota played his first career regular season game on September 13 against 2015's first overall draft pick Jameis Winston and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On his first career pass attempt, Mariota completed a throw to wide receiver Kendall Wright, who took it 52 yards for the rookie quarterback's first NFL touchdown pass. Coincidentally, Winston threw his first career pass on the next drive, and it was intercepted by cornerback Coty Sensabaugh and returned 26 yards for a touchdown.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16742350", "score": "0.9893724", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Tyler Lockett", "text": "His performance for the first three weeks of the season earned him recognition as NFC Special Teams Player of the Month for September 2015. Lockett was the first Seahawks rookie to win the award since Joey Galloway. Lockett posted his first career touchdown reception on \"Thursday Night Football\" against the San Francisco 49ers on October 22, 2015. On November 22 against the San Francisco 49ers, Lockett scored 2 receiving touchdowns. On December 6 against the Minnesota Vikings who were 8-3 at the time, Lockett had 7 receptions for 90 yards, both new career highs. One week later, Lockett had his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16164651", "score": "0.98651296", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Charles Johnson (wide receiver, born 1989)", "text": "the Packers and Browns practice squads, Johnson had a breakout first season for the Vikings in 2014. He was inactive on game day for the opening 2 contests of the season, but ended up playing in 11 games with 6 starts. In Week 5, he appeared in his first career NFL game against the team that drafted him at Green Bay, finishing the game with a catch for seven yards. In his first start against the Green Bay Packers on November 23, he caught his first career touchdown on a 22-yard pass from Teddy Bridgewater. In the Vikings' overtime victory", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17265594", "score": "0.984933", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Adrian Peterson", "text": "a rookie during this game, which included the most 100-yard games rushing and the longest touchdown run from scrimmage. He also set an NFL rookie record with 361 all-purpose yards in a single game. His 607 rushing yards through the first five games of the season is second in NFL history to Eric Dickerson. For his performance, he was named the Offensive Player of the Week for the first time in his career. Following Peterson's record performance, Deion Sanders, now an NFL Network analyst, said about him: \"He has the vision of a Marshall Faulk, the power of an Earl", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12415143", "score": "0.98411274", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "James Jones (wide receiver)", "text": "a starter for the Packers in the first game of the 2007 season. He caught four passes for 29 total yards in a 16–13 victory over the Philadelphia Eagles. Jones scored his first professional touchdown in a week four match-up vs. the Minnesota Vikings at the Metrodome. With Green Bay leading 16–9, Brett Favre hit Jones on a pass down the right sideline that went 33 yards for a touchdown, giving Green Bay a 23–9 lead. The Packers would end up winning the game 23–16. Jones was announced as the Diet Pepsi NFL Rookie of the Week for games played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9785622", "score": "0.9835429", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "2017 Chicago Bears season", "text": "On \"Monday Night Football\", Mitchell Trubisky made his NFL debut against the Minnesota Vikings, who led the all-time series 58–52–2, though the Bears had won all but two games at Soldier Field since 2007. Trubisky is the eleventh rookie quarterback in team history to start a game and the first since Kyle Orton in 2005, though only three won their first games (Jim McMahon, Rex Grossman, Craig Krenzel); furthermore, since 2009, only one of nine Bears quarterbacks won in their debuts with the team (Todd Collins). Jeff Joniak emphasized a focus on first down success; the Bears' rushing game, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19820463", "score": "0.98238003", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "NBC Sunday Night Football", "text": "(Denver Broncos), Clay Matthews (Packers) and J. J. Watt (Houston Texans). The animation ends with the \"NBC Sunday Night Football\" logo written in laser lighting. Beginning with this season, the opening was not used for any playoff game aired on NBC. Carrie Underwood continued her role as \"Sunday Night Football\"s show opener, which debuted on September 7. Once again, Verizon returned to provide product placement. Some of the NFL stars that are represented in the opening are Philip Rivers (San Diego Chargers), Luke Kuechly (Carolina Panthers), DeMarcus Ware (Broncos), Clay Matthews (Packers), Brandon Marshall (Chicago Bears), Jimmy Graham (Saints), LeSean", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6829738", "score": "0.9786744", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2008 New England Patriots season", "text": "Seahawks' 43-yard line. Running back LaMont Jordan, playing in his first game for the Patriots since Week 5 due to an injury, fumbled a second down run but recovered his own fumble; a Cassel ran for a first down on the next play to extend the drive. Two plays later, a defensive pass interference penalty on Seahawks cornerback Marcus Trufant on a pass intended for Moss gave the Patriots a first down from the Seahawks' 2-yard line. Watson then caught a 2-yard touchdown pass from Cassel to cut the Seahawks' lead to 14–10, but his post-touchdown celebration involved using the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11373442", "score": "0.9782969", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Brock Huard", "text": "the women's basketball team. Huard was selected by the Seahawks in the third round of the 1999 NFL Draft, the 77th overall pick and the seventh quarterback. It was the first draft in Seattle for newly-hired general manager and head coach Mike Holmgren. Huard's first pass attempt in the NFL (pre-season game) resulted in a touchdown. After a season as third-string in 1999, he saw his first game time in 2000 as the backup to Jon Kitna, starting four games and going 49 of 87 with three touchdowns and two interceptions. Huard played in the first game that season against", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7005019", "score": "0.9740823", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Ryan Fitzpatrick", "text": "302 (1998), Cam Newton, 422 (2011), Robert Griffin III, 320 (2012), and Andrew Luck, 309 (2012). The win earned him the next three starts, making Fitzpatrick the first Harvard quarterback to start an NFL game. He was unable to duplicate his debut performance in the games he started with the Rams coming two weeks later in a 13–27 loss to the Minnesota Vikings in which he threw for 235 yards, no touchdowns, and five interceptions for a QB rating of 32.4 for the game. He was replaced by Martin after halftime the following week, after struggling in a home game", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5666262", "score": "0.9726077", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Tyler Lockett", "text": "for September 2015 when he posted both a punt and kickoff return touchdown in his first three games. He became the second rookie to win multiple Special Teams Player Of The Month awards and was the only rookie to be named 1st team All Pro for the 2015 NFL season. He was selected to the 2015 Pro Football Writers Association (PFWA) NFL All-Rookie Team at three positions. Lockett was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He attended Carver Middle School. He then attended Booker T. Washington High School in Tulsa, where he was a three-sport star in football, basketball, and track. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16164627", "score": "0.9723931", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "2018 NFL season", "text": "for its eleven games, with Hannah Storm and Andrea Kremer serving as the lead broadcast team. The announcement makes Kremer the first-ever female color analyst for an NFL game, the first time a game has been broadcast with no men involved in the broadcast team, and the first time since Tony Kornheiser left \"Monday Night Football\" that the color analyst had no coaching or playing experience. Amazon will offer the standard Fox broadcast team, a British broadcasting team, and a Spanish language feed as alternate audio choices. The kick-off timess for all three primetime series were moved up to start", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19135849", "score": "0.97217536", "original_retrieval_index": 34 } ]

{ "title": "NFL Kickoff Game", "long_answer": "2017: The defending Super Bowl LI champions, the New England Patriots, hosted the Kansas City Chiefs for the 2017 Kickoff Game at Gillette Stadium. Goodell visited Gillette Stadium for the Kickoff Game, having been absent from the venue since the 2014 season.", "chunked_long_answer": "2017: The defending Super Bowl LI champions, the New England Patriots, hosted the Kansas City Chiefs for the 2017 Kickoff Game at Gillette Stadium. Goodell visited Gillette Stadium for the Kickoff Game, having been absent from the venue since the 2014 season.", "short_answers": [ "the Kansas City Chiefs", "the New England Patriots" ] }

[ "Lutheran", "Lutheran Church of Sweden", "Christianity" ]

[ { "title": "Religion in Sweden", "text": "The Lutheran Church of Sweden — which was the state religion until 2000 — has a registered membership of 6.1 million Swedish citizens, equal to 61.2% of the total population. One reason for the high membership might be the fact that until 1996 all newborns with at least one parent being a member of the Church of Sweden were also registered as members of the church. Yet the membership is declining rapidly, about 1% each year, falling from 95% in 1970 and 85% in 2000.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Irreligion in Sweden", "text": "Church of Sweden was formally separated from the state in 2000, leaving Sweden as \"the only Nordic country without a state church\". Irreligion in Sweden Sweden is one of the world's most secular and irreligious nations, partly because many Swedish people define themselves as irreligious but spiritual people. Phil Zuckerman, an Associate Professor of Sociology at Pitzer College, writes that several academic sources have in recent years placed atheism rates in Sweden between 46% and 85%, with one source reporting that only 17% of respondents self-identified as \"atheist\". A Gallup Poll in 2016 found that 18% of Swedes self report", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16629684", "score": "1.0997664", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Irreligion in Sweden", "text": "Irreligion in Sweden Sweden is one of the world's most secular and irreligious nations, partly because many Swedish people define themselves as irreligious but spiritual people. Phil Zuckerman, an Associate Professor of Sociology at Pitzer College, writes that several academic sources have in recent years placed atheism rates in Sweden between 46% and 85%, with one source reporting that only 17% of respondents self-identified as \"atheist\". A Gallup Poll in 2016 found that 18% of Swedes self report as atheist and 55% as non-religious. Sweden's official website asserts that just three out of 10 Swedes state that they have confidence", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16629682", "score": "1.0896431", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Irreligion in Sweden", "text": "in the church. The article lists the following facts about religion in Sweden: Statistics from the Church of Sweden states that: Many Swedes attend church due to traditional or cultural reasons, but are otherwise not practicing Christians. One poll found that only 15% of Church of Sweden members actually believe in Jesus. Relatedly, the Swedish government has passed several secular reforms over the years; a legal opt-out of the previously mandatory 1.1% church tax was allowed in 1951, automatic birthright membership in the Church of Sweden - the organization's enrollment practice since the 1850s - ended in 1996, and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16629683", "score": "1.0410597", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Religion in Sweden", "text": "to government guidelines on core academic curriculum. The Office of the Ombudsman against Ethnic Discrimination investigates claims of discrimination \"due to race, skin color, national or ethnic origin, or religion\". Discrimination on religious grounds is illegal, including discrimination in the work place and in the provision of public and private services. In 2014, there were 4,812 formal affiliated Buddhists in Sweden, comprising 0.05% of the total population. A 2016 survey by Ipsos based on 500 working-age, internet connected Swedes, found that 1% of the respondents declared to be Buddhists. In 2015 there were 6,886,501 formal affiliated Christians in Sweden, comprising", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897806", "score": "1.0071692", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Religion in Sweden", "text": "freedoms enumerated in the constitution include the rights to practice one's religion and protection of religious freedom. The laws concerning religious freedoms are generally observed and enforced at all government levels and by the courts in a non-discriminatory fashion. Legal protections cover discrimination or persecution by private actors. In the early 2000s about 85% of Swedes still belonged to the Church of Sweden. By the end of 2017, this figure had fallen to 59.3%. The percentage of Swedes belonging to the Church of Sweden is decreasing yearly by more than one percent. In the year 2016, according to an online", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897803", "score": "1.0018137", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Religion in Sweden", "text": "at least one parent being a member of the Church of Sweden were also registered as members of the church. Yet the membership is declining rapidly, about 1% each year, for the most recent years even 2%, falling from 95% in 1970 and 85% in 2000. Prior to their Christianisation that became complete around the 12th century, the Swedes practised forms of Norse religion. At first they became part of the Catholic Church; then, from the 1530s, Sweden switched to Lutheranism as part of the Protestant Reformation which converted most of Germanic Europe; the Church of Sweden was formed and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897790", "score": "0.9932474", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Religion in Sweden", "text": "5% of the total population, while there were only 139,759 formally affiliated Muslims in 2015. As of 2016, 3% of the working-age, internet connected population of Sweden claimed to be believers in Islam. The Official Council of Swedish Jewish Communities estimates about 20,000 ethnic Jews in Sweden by halakhic criteria. Of them, about 8,302 were members of a Jewish religious congregation in 2015. Stockholm has the largest community and boasts a primary school, a kindergarten, a library, a bi-monthly publication (\"Judisk Krönika\") and a weekly Jewish radio program. Other cities like Malmö, Gothenburg, Borås, Helsingborg, Lund, and Uppsala have Jewish", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897814", "score": "0.98686886", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Religion in Sweden", "text": "Methodists and the Mission Covenant Church of Sweden merged in 2011 into a new denomination: the Uniting Church in Sweden. It is the largest member church in the Swedish Free Church Council, with approximately 65,000 members. One of the Baptist denominations, the Evangelical Free Church in Sweden, has remained an independent denomination outside this merger. Most Catholics in Sweden are of Slavic (especially Poles and Croats), South American or Middle Eastern (especially Assyrian) origin. As of 2015, legally registered Catholics in Sweden were 113,053, comprising 1.2% of the total population. According to Ipsos, in 2016 Catholic Church in Sweden account", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897810", "score": "0.9737463", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Religion in Sweden", "text": "The 19th century saw the arrival of various evangelical free churches, and, towards the end of the century secularism, leading many to distance themselves from church rituals. Leaving the Church of Sweden became legal with the so-called Dissenter Law of 1860, but only under the provision of entering another denomination. The right to stand outside any religious denomination was established in the law on freedom of religion in 1951. Today, the Swedish Free Church Council () organizes free churches in Sweden, belonging to various Protestant denominations: Calvinist, Pentecostal, and others. In total the member churches have around 250,000 members. Baptists,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897809", "score": "0.96475995", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Religion in Sweden", "text": "Orthodox Church has several parishes in Sweden, under jurisdiction of Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Britain and Scandinavia. The Church of the Goths has a presence in Gotland. As of 2015, legally registered Eastern Orthodox Christians were 140,275 and they were the second-largest Christian sect in Sweden, comprising the 1.4% of the total population. A 2016 survey found that 3% of the working-age, internet connected population of Sweden declared to be Orthodox Christians. Germanic Heathenry, the contemporary continuation of ancient Germanic religion, is represented by various organizations, including the Nordic Society of the Ese (\"Nordiska Asa-samfundet\"), the Swedish Forn Sed Assembly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897812", "score": "0.9626334", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Sweden", "text": "a lack of belief in God, commonly question the term atheist, preferring to call themselves Christians while being content with remaining in the Church of Sweden. Healthcare in Sweden is similar in quality to other developed nations. Sweden ranks in the top five countries with respect to low infant mortality. It also ranks high in life expectancy and in safe drinking water. A person seeking care first contacts a clinic for a doctor's appointment, and may then be referred to a specialist by the clinic physician, who may in turn recommend either in-patient or out-patient treatment, or an elective care", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7760936", "score": "0.95871663", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Religion in Sweden", "text": "(\"Samfundet Forn Sed Sverige\") and the Community for Nordic Faith (\"Samfälligheten för Nordisk Sed\"). The Nordic Society of the Ese, despite being the most recently founded amongst the three (it was founded in 2013), has quickly grown to become the largest Heathen organization in Sweden. Islam entered Sweden primarily through immigration from countries with large Muslim populations (such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey, Iraq, Morocco, Iran, and Somalia ) in the late 20th century. The Baltic Tatars were the first Muslim group in modern Sweden. In 2009 it was estimated that there were 450,000 to 500,000 Muslims in Sweden, around", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897813", "score": "0.95018816", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Religion in Europe", "text": "national church, but it is no longer \"official\". In Sweden, the national church used to be Lutheranism, but it is no longer \"official\" since 2000. Azerbaijan, the Czech Republic, Germany, France, Ireland, Portugal, Serbia, Romania, Russia, Spain and Turkey are officially secular. Buddhism is thinly spread throughout Europe, and the fastest growing religion in recent years with about 3 million adherents. In Kalmykia, Tibetan Buddhism is prevalent. Hinduism mainly among Indian immigrants. Growing rapidly in recent years, notably in the United Kingdom, France, and the Netherlands. In 1998, there were an estimated 1.4 million Hindu adherents in Europe. Jainism, small", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7212075", "score": "0.94971824", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Religion in Europe", "text": "brought increasing syncretism, New Age, and various new religious movements divorcing spirituality from inherited traditions for many Europeans. The latest history brought increased secularisation, and religious pluralism. European countries have experienced a decline in church membership and church attendance. A relevant example of the ongoing trend is Sweden where the church of Sweden, previously the state-church until 2000, claimed to have 82.9% of the Swedish population as its flock in 2000. Surveys showed this had dropped to 72.9% by 2008 and to 59.3% by 2017. Moreover, in the 2005 Eurobarometer survey 23% of the Swedish population said that they don't", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7212052", "score": "0.9495182", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Religion in Sweden", "text": "religion. In 1860 it became legal to leave the Church of Sweden for the purpose of becoming a member of another officially recognised religious denomination. From 1951, it became legal to leave the church, without providing any reason. From 1951 to 1977 all religious institutions could only be established with the permission of the Crown. The constitution of Sweden provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respects this right in practice. The government at all levels seeks to protect this right in full and does not tolerate its abuse, either by governmental or private actors. The rights and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897802", "score": "0.9394841", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Hinduism in Sweden", "text": "Hinduism in Sweden Out of a population of 8.9 million, persons of Indian origin and non-resident Indians together number 11,000 or 0.12%. A majority of them are Punjabis, Bengalis, Gujaratis, Telugu's, Tamilians and Kannadigas. Some Indian students who went to Sweden in the 1950s settled down there. Another stream of Indians came from Uganda in the 1970s. Some Indians sought and obtained political asylum after 1984. The Indian community is culturally very active. Different associations hold cultural functions and observe national days. IRF 2005 reports that there are between 7,000 and 10,000 Hindus. Of the 10,000 Hindus, 2,000 are of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9911458", "score": "0.93856275", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Islam in Sweden", "text": "that \"we do not think it unreasonable to put the figure of religious Muslims in Sweden at the time of writing at close to 150,000\". Professor Mohammad Fazlhashemi at Umeå University estimates \"a good 100,000\". About 25,000 are regarded as devout Muslims, visiting Friday prayers and practising daily prayers. Muslims in Sweden most often originate from Iraq, Iran, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo, the Iraqis being by far the largest group in 2015. They are followed by Muslim refugees from Syria and Somalia, two very rapidly growing groups. Two other groups, residing in Sweden for a decade longer, are people from Turkey", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12559902", "score": "0.93592227", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Religion in Sweden", "text": "member-contributions made through the national tax system. All recognized denominations are entitled to direct government financial support, contributions made through the national tax system, or a mix of both. Certain Christian holidays are national holidays. School students from minority religious backgrounds are entitled to take relevant religious holidays. No recognition or registration is required to carry out religious activity. Religious groups that want to receive government aid may apply for it. Education about all major world religions is compulsory in public schools. Parents may send their children to religious charter schools, all of which receive school vouchers, provided they adhere", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897805", "score": "0.9309305", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Buddhism in Sweden", "text": "Buddhism in Sweden Buddhism is a relatively small religion in Sweden. Most of the practicing Buddhists have various Asian (mostly Thai, Chinese and Vietnamese) heritage. In 2015, the Swedish Buddhist Cooperation Council (Sveriges Buddhistiska samarbetsråd, SBS) had 7 901 members. A Buddhist Temple was planned for Fredrika, a small town in the north part of Sweden. This Thai-style temple would be the biggest Buddhist temple in Europe when finished. There is a Thai pavilion in Jämtland, a region in central Sweden. A 500s AD Kashmir Indian made Buddha statue made of bronze was found at Helgö in Sweden dating from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7798732", "score": "0.9292488", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Buddhism in Sweden", "text": "the Viking era. Buddhism in Sweden Buddhism is a relatively small religion in Sweden. Most of the practicing Buddhists have various Asian (mostly Thai, Chinese and Vietnamese) heritage. In 2015, the Swedish Buddhist Cooperation Council (Sveriges Buddhistiska samarbetsråd, SBS) had 7 901 members. A Buddhist Temple was planned for Fredrika, a small town in the north part of Sweden. This Thai-style temple would be the biggest Buddhist temple in Europe when finished. There is a Thai pavilion in Jämtland, a region in central Sweden. A 500s AD Kashmir Indian made Buddha statue made of bronze was found at Helgö in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7798733", "score": "0.9201176", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Morality", "text": "the empirical relationship between religion and crime.\" Phil Zuckerman's 2008 book, \"Society without God\", based on studies conducted during a 14-month period in Scandinavia in 2005-2006, notes that Denmark and Sweden, \"which are probably the least religious countries in the world, and possibly in the history of the world\", enjoy \"among the lowest violent crime rates in the world [and] the lowest levels of corruption in the world\". Dozens of studies have been conducted on this topic since the twentieth century. A 2005 study by Gregory S. Paul published in the \"Journal of Religion and Society\" stated that, \"In general,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "534737", "score": "0.9196712", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Sweden", "text": "church rituals. Leaving the Church of Sweden became legal with the so-called dissenter law of 1860, but only under the provision of entering another Christian denomination. The right to stand outside any religious denomination was formally established in the Law on Freedom of religion in 1951. In 2000, the Church of Sweden was disestablished. Sweden was the second Nordic country to disestablish its state church (after Finland did so in the Church Act of 1869). At the end of 2016, 61.2% of Swedes belonged to the Church of Sweden; this number has been decreasing by about 1.5 percentage points a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7760933", "score": "0.91836816", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Islam in Sweden", "text": "106,327 officially registered members. Swedish estimates are rather 350,000, including nominal Muslims and people from a Muslim background. Such numbers do not imply religious beliefs or participation; Åke Sander claimed in 1992 that at most 40–50% of the people of Muslim background in Sweden \"could reasonably be considered to be religious\", and in 2004, based on discussions and interviews with Muslim leaders, concerning second-generation Muslims born and raised in Sweden that \"it does not seem that the percentage they consider to be religious Muslims in a more qualified sense exceeds fifteen percent, or perhaps even less\". Sander re-stated in 2004", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12559901", "score": "0.91668564", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Islam in Sweden", "text": "and Lebanon. In 2017 Swedish Security Police reported that the number of jihadists in Sweden had risen to thousands from about 200 in 2010. Based on social media analysis, an increase was noted in 2013. There are no official statistics on the exact number of Swedish converts to Islam, but Anne Sofie Roald, a historian of religions at Malmö University College, estimates the number of converts from the Church of Sweden to Islam to be 3,500 people since the 1960s. Roald further states that conversions are also occurring from Islam to the Church of Sweden, most noticeably by Iranians, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12559903", "score": "0.9166388", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Islam in Sweden", "text": "Islam in Sweden A 2014 report estimated there were 150,000 to 200,000 Muslims in Sweden practicing their religion regularly. The main driver of spreading Islam in Sweden is immigration since the late 1960s. Other sources set the figure at around 6% (almost 600,000) of the total Swedish population. A 2017 Pew Research report documents Muslim population at 8.1% of the total population of Sweden of 10 million (approximately 810,000). Archaeological findings have shown Viking contact with Islam dating back to the 7th–10th centuries, when the Vikings were trading with the medieval Islamic world. Pre-islamic Arabic coins originating from the Middle", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12559888", "score": "0.9148023", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Freedom of religion by country", "text": "violent incidents occurring in the 21st century. The prominence of antisemitism in Russia has decreased since its peak in the early 2000s. The constitution and other laws and policies protect religious freedom and, in practice, the government generally respected religious freedom. The Church of Sweden lost its position as the state church on 1 January 2000. Since then, 22 recognized religious denominations, in addition to the Church of Sweden, raise revenues through member-contributions made through the national tax system. All recognized denominations are entitled to direct government financial support, contributions made through the national tax system, or a mix of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9116155", "score": "0.9145719", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Sweden", "text": "92,000 Roman Catholics living in Sweden. The first Muslim congregation was established in 1949, when a small contingent of Tatars migrated from Finland. Islam's presence in Sweden remained marginal until the 1960s, when Sweden started to receive migrants from the Balkans and Turkey. Further immigration from North Africa and the Middle East have brought the estimated Muslim population to 600,000. However, only about 110,000 were members of a congregation around 2010. According to the Eurobarometer Poll 2010, According to a Demoskop study in 2015 about the beliefs of the Swedish showed that Sociology professor Phil Zuckerman claims that Swedes, despite", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7760935", "score": "0.9124818", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Religion in Sweden", "text": "for 4% of the working-age, internet connected population, while the Pew Research Center found a percentage of 1.2% in April 2016. According to the \"2015 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses\", there are 22,730 active members in Sweden, and 36,270 people attended their annual memorial of Christ's death. This number includes active members and guests. As of 2016, 1% of the working-age, internet connected population of Sweden declared to be Jehovah's Witnesses. Multiple Orthodox jurisdictions exist in Sweden, including but not limited to the Greek and Serbian Orthodox Churches. There is also a substantial presence of Coptic and Ethiopian Christians. The Serbian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9897811", "score": "0.9105164", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Islam in Sweden", "text": "tradition, etc.\" regardless of personal religious convictions.), of whom about 100,000 were second-generation immigrants (born in Sweden or immigrated as children). In Sweden registration by personal belief is not common and is normally against the law, thus only figures of practising Muslims belonging to an Islamic community can be reported. In 2009, the Muslim Council of Sweden reported 106,327 registered members. In 2007, a study by the \"Integrationsverket\" government agency showed that 55% of respondents among the population of Sweden expressed reservations about moving to districts where many Muslims live. This was the same as for 2005. In December 2008,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12559892", "score": "0.90413296", "original_retrieval_index": 46 } ]

{ "title": "Religion in Sweden", "long_answer": "The Lutheran Church of Sweden — which was the state religion until 2000 — has a registered membership of 6.1 million Swedish citizens, equal to 61.2% of the total population. One reason for the high membership might be the fact that until 1996 all newborns with at least one parent being a member of the Church of Sweden were also registered as members of the church. Yet the membership is declining rapidly, about 1% each year, falling from 95% in 1970 and 85% in 2000.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Lutheran Church of Sweden — which was the state religion until 2000 — has a registered membership of 6.1 million Swedish citizens, equal to 61.2% of the total population. One reason for the high membership might be the fact that until 1996 all newborns with at least one parent being a member of the Church of Sweden were also registered as members of the church. Yet the membership is declining rapidly, about 1% each year, falling from 95% in 1970 and 85% in 2000.", "short_answers": [ "Lutheran", "Lutheran Church of Sweden" ] }

[ "Amycus Carrow" ]

[ { "title": "Magic in Harry Potter", "text": "series no Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher has retained the post for more than one school year. Harry is exceptionally skilled in this subject. During the period the story takes place, the class is taught by Quirinus Quirrell (book one), Gilderoy Lockhart (book two), Remus Lupin (book three), Bartemius Crouch Jr impersonating Alastor \"Mad-eye\" Moody (book four), Dolores Umbridge (book five), Severus Snape (book six), and Amycus Carrow (book seven). Hagrid suggests in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets that \"They're startin' ter think the job's jinxed. No one's lasted long for a while now.\" In Half-Blood Prince,", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Albus Dumbledore", "text": "the Dark Arts teacher (after Dumbledore failed to find a suitable candidate). Through her, Fudge gradually gains power over Hogwarts and Dumbledore, who he fears is building an under-age wizard army to overthrow the Ministry. Umbridge forbids practical defence practice in her classes, forcing Harry, Ron, and Hermione to form Dumbledore's Army (a defence group led by Harry) with fellow friends. It is when the Ministry discovers the D.A. that Dumbledore, choosing to accept the responsibility, falsely claims that the organisation was his own subversive creation, and allows himself to be removed as headmaster (for the second time) rather than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "557578", "score": "1.1533289", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix", "text": "him and Dumbledore. At Hogwarts, Harry learns that Dolores Umbridge, a senior employee in the Ministry of Magic, will be the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. Umbridge and Harry clash, as she, like Fudge, refuses to believe that Voldemort has returned. She punishes Harry for his rebellious outbursts by having him write \"I must not tell lies\" with a cursed quill that carves the phrase into his skin. She also refuses to teach her students how to perform defensive spells, prompting Harry, Ron and Hermione to form their own Defence Against the Dark Arts group (with students from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1369019", "score": "1.1493796", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Magic in Harry Potter", "text": "out of thin air). It is possible to change inanimate objects into animate ones and vice versa—Minerva McGonagall, the class's teacher, transfigures her desk into a pig and back in \"Philosopher's Stone\". Defence Against the Dark Arts, commonly shortened to D.A.D.A., is the class that teaches students defensive techniques to defend against the Dark Arts, and to be protected from Dark creatures. In \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\", with Death-Eaters in charge of the school, the subject is renamed the Dark Arts, and involves pupils practicing the Cruciatus Curse on those who have earned detentions. The subject has an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2083316", "score": "1.1349264", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Ministry of Magic", "text": "had the Dementors attack Harry in an attempt to silence him from contradicting the Ministry's statement about Voldemort not returning from the dead. Umbridge is subsequently installed at Hogwarts as Defence Against the Dark Arts professor by order of the Ministry. Her teaching consists only of defensive magical theory, due to Fudge's paranoid fear that Dumbledore intends to use his students as an army to bring down the Ministry. She is soon appointed the first \"High Inquisitor\" of Hogwarts, in which she is given extraordinary powers over the students, teachers, and curriculum. She dismisses Sybill Trelawney as a teacher, though", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1975932", "score": "1.111766", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Harry Potter", "text": "attempting to warn of Voldemort's return, the Ministry appoints Dolores Umbridge as the High Inquisitor of Hogwarts and the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. She transforms the school into a dictatorial regime and refuses to allow the students to learn ways to defend themselves against dark magic. With Ron and Hermione's suggestion, Harry forms \"Dumbledore's Army\", a secret study group aimed to teach his classmates the higher-level skills of Defence Against the Dark Arts that he has learned from his previous encounters with Dark wizards. Through those lessons, Harry begins to develop a crush on the popular and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5725201", "score": "1.1037829", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Hogwarts staff", "text": "Quirrell is the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher at Hogwarts during Harry's first year and secretly a follower of Lord Voldemort. Prior to his employment at Hogwarts, he is said by Hagrid to have had a \"brilliant mind\", and was a fine teacher while studying from books; some time before Harry's arrival at Hogwarts, \"he took a year off to get some first-hand experience\". Rowling stated in a live web chat on 30 July 2007 that Quirrell had worked at Hogwarts as Muggle Studies teacher for a certain length of time, before taking the cursed Defence Against the Dark", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3679046", "score": "1.0788491", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban", "text": "and Hermione learn that the Dementors will be patrolling the school in an attempt to catch Black. Later on, Lupin's Defence Against the Dark Arts sessions prove far better than those of Gilderoy Lockhart's (Harry's uselessly vain ex-teacher). They have a fun lesson on Boggarts and then learn about more Dark Creatures. When Lupin supposedly falls ill, the much hated Potions Master Professor Snape temporarily takes over teaching Defence Against the Dark Arts and torments the class, much to their dismay. At Hogwarts, Harry has several problems with the Dementors, including an episode at a Quidditch match during which he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1871092", "score": "1.0631002", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Dumbledore's Army", "text": "to awake the world.\" Dumbledore's Army Dumbledore's Army (or D.A. for short) is a fictional student organisation in J. K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" series that is founded by the main characters, Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, to stand up against the regime of Hogwarts High Inquisitor Dolores Umbridge, as well as to learn practical Defence Against the Dark Arts. It was founded in the fifth book, \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\". In \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\", the new Defence Against the Dark Arts professor, Dolores Umbridge, chooses to teach only the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2375667", "score": "1.0078692", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Mana Khemia: Alchemists of Al-Revis", "text": "a Mana in cat form named Sulpher. Vayne is invited to the Al-Revis Academy for alchemy training by Zeppel, one of the professors. He is quickly indoctrinated into the school by becoming part of an atelier led by Flay Gunnar (an older student who is known as The Defender of Justice) along with two other students, Jess (a clumsy girl who is nevertheless adept at alchemy), and Nikki (an impulsive beastgirl). They are soon joined by Pamela (the school's resident ghost), Anna (an 11-year-old master swordsman), Roxis (the son of a famous family of alchemists who is quickly forced to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11784723", "score": "1.0065103", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Harry Potter and the Cursed Child", "text": "Defense Against the Dark Arts. At around the same time, Harry's fear increases that Voldemort may return as his scar continues to hurt and as he has Voldemort-related nightmares. After speaking with a portrait of Dumbledore, and being told by centaur Bane that a \"dark cloud\" is around Albus, he becomes convinced that Scorpius is a threat to Albus and tries to have the boys kept apart at Hogwarts by forcing a reluctant Minerva McGonagall, now Headmistress of Hogwarts, to keep tabs on Albus using the Marauder's Map, threatening to shut down the school otherwise. Albus and Scorpius's friendship is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18868143", "score": "0.97933245", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Harry Potter", "text": "new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, none of whom lasts more than one school year. During Harry's fourth year of school (detailed in \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\"), Harry is unwillingly entered as a participant in the Triwizard Tournament, a dangerous yet exciting contest where three \"champions\", one from each participating school, must compete with each other in three tasks in order to win the Triwizard Cup. This year, Harry must compete against a witch and a wizard \"champion\" from overseas visiting schools Beauxbatons and Durmstrang, as well as another Hogwarts student, causing Harry's friends to distance", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5725198", "score": "0.9788507", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Mirmo!", "text": "to Katie's school. The villain Darkman, created by the darkness in human hearts, tries to resurrect himself. He influences the minds of Akumi and the Warumo gang. Session magic is introduced for two-person magic, with each person combo producing different magic. Darkman controls Saori and uses her flute to control peoples' emotions. He is then defeated by Golden Mirmo, the outcome of three person session magic. With the help of Nezumi/Rato, he is resurrected until the muglox's four-person session magic gives Saori the power to defeat Darkman. The two worlds are separated until reunited by the muglox and their partners'", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4248283", "score": "0.9759628", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Darkness That Comes Before", "text": "Gnosis. The Scarlet Spires - Anagogic School which is the most powerful in the Three Seas and de facto ruler of High Ainon since 3818. The Imperial Saik - Anagogic School indentured to the Emperor of Nansur. The Mysunsai - The self-proclaimed Mercenary School, which sells its sorcerous services across the Three Seas. While it is made clear in the first book in the series that anyone who possesses the ability to wield magic is amongst the Few, it is also mentioned in book 2 (The Warrior-Prophet) that unless they are part of a School as sorcerers, they are merely", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4460348", "score": "0.9730661", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Hermione Granger", "text": "and a few female students of Hogwarts) develops a liking for Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher Gilderoy Lockhart as he had written all the books required for the subject of Defence Against The Dark Arts in \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\". During a morning confrontation between the Gryffindor and Slytherin Quidditch teams, a brawl nearly ensues after Draco Malfoy calls her a \"Mudblood\", an insulting epithet for Muggle-born wizards when she defends the Gryffindor Quidditch team. She concocts the Polyjuice Potion needed for the trio to disguise themselves as Draco's housemates to collect information about the Heir", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "558488", "score": "0.9720654", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Mana Khemia 2: Fall of Alchemy", "text": "She proposed to start a new class; 'Combat Class' (戦闘技術 \"sentou gijitsu\") so that more students will enroll in the school to boost the school's finance. But her main goal is to remove alchemy from the school's syllabus stating that \"it's a waste of money\" (a rough translation). Al-Revis Academy's principal, Zeppel (of the previous game), was a little too weak-willed to stop her and he seeks Flay (also from the first Mana Khemia) to help and appoints Flay as the classroom teacher for the new class, which Raze and Etward enroll in. Tony (the third recurring character from the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12126135", "score": "0.96907437", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Dumbledore's Army", "text": "Dumbledore's Army Dumbledore's Army (or D.A. for short) is a fictional student organisation in J. K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" series that is founded by the main characters, Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, to stand up against the regime of Hogwarts High Inquisitor Dolores Umbridge, as well as to learn practical Defence Against the Dark Arts. It was founded in the fifth book, \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\". In \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\", the new Defence Against the Dark Arts professor, Dolores Umbridge, chooses to teach only the basic theoretical principles of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2375624", "score": "0.9672066", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Harry Potter", "text": "– which are ostensibly protecting the school, he reaches out to Remus Lupin, a Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher who is eventually revealed to be a werewolf. Lupin teaches Harry defensive measures which are well above the level of magic generally executed by people his age. Harry comes to know that both Lupin and Black were best friends of his father and that Black was framed by their fourth friend, Peter Pettigrew, who had been hiding as Ron's pet rat, Scabbers. In this book, a recurring theme throughout the series is emphasised – in every book there is a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5725197", "score": "0.96596074", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Kemonozume", "text": "Kemonozume Since ancient times there has existed a race of flesh eating monsters called that can assume human form or otherwise live in the shadows while feeding on humans. The martial arts style school was created to hunt down those creatures and its teachings have been passed down through the generations to the Momota family. The story revolves around the forbidden romance between Toshihiko, the latest heir of the \"Kifūken\" school and Yuka, a young woman who is also a \"shokujinki\". is a 30-year-old skilled disciplined swordsman and the chosen heir of the Kifūken dojo. Throughout most of his life,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8632026", "score": "0.9595045", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Genki Bakuhatsu Ganbaruger", "text": "principal in Aozora Kindergarten that has been managed, Yayoi and Kasumi believe Toubee went to the training of ninja. The homeroom teacher of the 4-1 class in Aozora Elementary. Ms. Aiko is a strict teacher but is gentle and loves students, and is a judo master, can fling even a thugs and Makai Beast. On the later, Ms. Aiko fell in love with Mr. Yamino, Yaminorius's human form when he lost memories, she was deeply shocked at his identity revealed. however she decided to make Yaminorius good, to begin persuade Yaminorius with a megaphone to make good him when Yaminorius", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9625013", "score": "0.9584304", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Gekkeiju Online", "text": "are the strongest users of magic. They can learn spells from defensive to offensive. Divine Arts are a spellcaster class that uses divine spiritual magic such as healing-spells. Divine arts can also learn some combat skills. Dark Arts are the evil counterpart of divine arts. Dark Arts spells are focused on damage used to supplement melee combat skill. Their guilds include death knights and fallen priests. Advancement of character in Gekkeiju Online happens by gaining experience points by either solving quests or by killing monsters. The advancement, however, doesn't happen automatically but player needs to purchase character levels with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5486898", "score": "0.95741224", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Ninja Gaiden II: The Dark Sword of Chaos", "text": "and the shadowy figure who captured her; the figure reveals himself as Jaquio – the antagonist from the first \"Ninja Gaiden\" installment – who was reborn after his first battle with Ryu. Jaquio tells Ryu his master plan of using Ashtar as a pawn, used to awaken the true evil. He plans to use the Dark Sword of Chaos to use Irene's life force to open the Gate of Darkness and call up all the demons, while Ryu awakens them from their sleep. Jaquio then challenges Ryu to a showdown in which Ryu defeats him. Before Ryu and Irene can", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4671145", "score": "0.9537001", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Juken Sentai Gekiranger", "text": "the Geki Jūken Beast Arts school: the Jūken of justice whose sport discipline enhances the human body with the self-produced positive Qi called \"Geki\". It is taught by Grand Master Xia Fu, one of the Seven Kensei, using a sports goods company named \"SCRTC\" as a front. By present time, a fallen student from the Geki Jūken school named Rio turns to the Rin Jūken style, rebuilding the Rinjū Hall and brings the long-dead Rin Jūken users back to life as kyonshi to collect Rinki, Geki's polar opposite Qi, in order to resurrect the Three Kenma so that through them,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9070829", "score": "0.9481307", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Volcano High", "text": "from the former headmaster and despite his fears of Jang Ryang, he enlists his help to frame famed martial arts student, Hak-rim, for stealing an ancient manuscript that is believed to help end the 17 years of feuding. However, he soon runs into several problems after successfully framing and imprisoning Hak-rim. The principal is not only alive, but is in a happy induced coma and adding to Hak-sa's problems is that the Dark Oxen gang having taken over the school. Most students begin to believe Kyung-soo framed Hak-rim, despite his denial. However, Chae-yi believes him and tells her friend, Yo-seon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4223942", "score": "0.9475734", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Dumbledore's Army", "text": "student group where Harry would teach practical Defence Against the Dark Arts. After Dolores Umbridge learns about the project, she bans all unapproved student organisations, so meetings are secretly held in the Room of Requirement and announced to members through the use of enchanted fake Galleons created by Hermione. Cho Chang suggests the \"Defence Association\", shortened to \"D.A.\", as the official name for the group, but Ginny Weasley's suggestion of \"Dumbledore's Army\", to mock the Ministry's paranoia and to show the group's loyalty to Dumbledore, is chosen. When Cho's friend Marietta Edgecombe betrays the group to Umbridge (Cho herself while", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2375626", "score": "0.94577473", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Dragon Zakura", "text": "the existing teachers have the backbone to take on the responsibility for this class, Sakuragi decides to run the class himself. To help him, he obtains the assistance of a motley crew of unorthodox teachers to teach math, language arts, social studies and English. Using a combination of tough love and scientific though unusual methods, he goads, bribes and cajoles 2 students into joining the class. He's assisted but also opposed by a couple of young English teachers, one of whom hates him and is always suspicious of his motives and methods, offering the author through Sakuragi to take some", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8688162", "score": "0.943195", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Gintoki Sakata", "text": "student) He is extremely furious when someone dirties the name of being a master; when Jiraia called himself Tsukuyo's teacher yet harmed her emotionally and physically, his idea for what a teacher should be led Gintoki taking out his anger on Jiraia. Although he controls himself, he has shown a dark side in which he wants to slay those who were related in the death of his teacher. As a member of the Four Heavenly Kings, Gintoki is an extremely powerful swordsman. Throughout the series, he has demonstrated tremendous skill in swordsmanship, being able to fight on equal grounds against", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11218860", "score": "0.94084084", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "WMAC Masters", "text": "made a pact with the newest master, Tracy Swedom (Tracer) and joined a cult called \"Jukido\". Jukido was a secret group of martial-arts masters who did not want to follow the code of the Dragon Star; for this, they were banned from the WMAC, so they decided to steal the Dragon Star out of revenge. During the investigation, some of the Masters were accused of being the masked ninja, including Ho Sung Pak's brother, Ho Young Pak (Star Warrior), and former Dragon Star Champion Mike Bernardo (Turbo), but they were all cleared. Another Master, Mike Chaturantabut (Wizard), was found to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8404375", "score": "0.9347675", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Art of Fighting", "text": "not Wyler like most of the characters but Robert. However, Karman allows him to finish his search for Freia. is the daughter of the martial arts master Ryuhaku Todoh, the first enemy in the original \"Art of Fighting\". Kasumi grew up learning the Todoh school of Aikido, Jujutsu and Kendo taught to her by her father. As her family's sole heir, she does all she can to stand up for the Todoh way. When Ryuhaku stayed at Southtown to settle an old score with the famous Kyokugen karate master named Takuma Sakazaki, Kasumi remained obediently in her house, waiting for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2634681", "score": "0.93281984", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Spirit Warrior", "text": "secret evil organization led by The Teachers of Eight Leaves (八葉の老師). The goal of The Teachers of Eight Leaves is to revive Peacock King and Snake Queen, and allow them to fight each other to give birth to the ultimate Dark Vairocana (闇の大日如来). During the main story, The Teachers of Eight Leaves tried various methods to achieve their goal but were ultimately defeated by Kujaku and his friends. Makoto Ogino used many religious references in Peacock king, including Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Taoism. The Bible is referenced multiple times, including Jesus, The Holy Grail, Satan, 666, Lucifer. In the manga, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10685180", "score": "0.9307132", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "Magic in Harry Potter", "long_answer": "Defence Against the Dark Arts, commonly shortened to D.A.D.A., is the class that teaches students defensive techniques to defend against the Dark Arts, and to be protected from Dark creatures. In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, with Death-Eaters in charge of the school, the subject is renamed the Dark Arts, and involves pupils practicing the Cruciatus Curse on those who have earned detentions. The subject has an extraordinarily high turnover of staff members—throughout the series no Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher has retained the post for more than one school year. Harry is exceptionally skilled in this subject. During the period the story takes place, the class is taught by Quirinus Quirrell (book one), Gilderoy Lockhart (book two), Remus Lupin (book three), Bartemius Crouch Jr impersonating Alastor \"Mad-eye\" Moody (book four), Dolores Umbridge (book five), Severus Snape (book six), and Amycus Carrow (book seven). Hagrid suggests in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets that \"They're startin' ter think the job's jinxed. No one's lasted long for a while now.\" In Half-Blood Prince, Dumbledore suggests that Voldemort cursed the position because his application for it was rejected. The existence of the jinx was eventually confirmed by Rowling. The position had also been coveted by Snape, but he was denied the position as well. Snape was finally appointed D.A.D.A. professor in Half-Blood Prince. Rowling announced in an interview that once Voldemort had died, the jinx he placed on the office was lifted and a permanent professor had been teaching the subject between the end of Deathly Hallows and the epilogue, set nineteen years afterwards. Furthermore, she imagines that Harry Potter occasionally comes to the class to give lectures on the subject.", "chunked_long_answer": "series no Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher has retained the post for more than one school year. Harry is exceptionally skilled in this subject. During the period the story takes place, the class is taught by Quirinus Quirrell (book one), Gilderoy Lockhart (book two), Remus Lupin (book three), Bartemius Crouch Jr impersonating Alastor \"Mad-eye\" Moody (book four), Dolores Umbridge (book five), Severus Snape (book six), and Amycus Carrow (book seven). Hagrid suggests in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets that \"They're startin' ter think the job's jinxed. No one's lasted long for a while now.\" In Half-Blood Prince,", "short_answers": [ "Amycus Carrow" ] }

[ "The NFL owners", "NFL owners", "the NFL" ]

[ { "title": "Super Bowl", "text": "The location of the Super Bowl is chosen by the NFL well in advance, usually three to five years before the game. Cities place bids to host a Super Bowl and are evaluated in terms of stadium renovation and their ability to host. In 2014, a document listing the specific requirements of Super Bowl hosts was leaked, giving a clear list of what was required for a Super Bowl host. Much of the cost of the Super Bowl is to be assumed by the host community, although some costs are enumerated within the requirements to be assumed by the NFL. ", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Super Bowl 50", "text": "Super Bowl 50 Super Bowl 50 was an American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champions Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champions Carolina Panthers, 24–10. The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California (located in the San Francisco Bay Area). As this was the 50th Super Bowl game, the league emphasized the \"golden anniversary\" with various gold-themed initiatives during the 2015 season, as well as suspending the tradition of naming each Super Bowl game with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18084463", "score": "1.1238395", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LIII", "text": "Super Bowl LIII Super Bowl LIII, the 53rd Super Bowl and the 49th modern-era National Football League (NFL) championship game, will decide the league champion for the 2018 NFL season. The game is scheduled to be played on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. This will be the third Super Bowl in Atlanta, having previously hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000 at the Georgia Dome. On May 19, 2015, the league announced the four finalists that will compete to host Super Bowl LIII in 2019, LIV in 2020, and LV in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18798741", "score": "1.105175", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXXVIII", "text": "Super Bowl XXXVIII Super Bowl XXXVIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2003 season. The Patriots defeated the Panthers by a score of 32–29. The game was played at Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 1, 2004. At the time, this was the most watched Super Bowl ever with 144.4 million viewers. The Panthers were making their first ever Super Bowl appearance after posting an 11–5 regular season record. They also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2515105", "score": "1.1048523", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LII", "text": "Super Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17473814", "score": "1.1034392", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XIII", "text": "work four Super Bowls. Super Bowl XIII Super Bowl XIII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1978 season. The Steelers defeated the Cowboys by the score of 35–31. The game was played on January 21, 1979, at the Orange Bowl in Miami, the fifth and last time that the Super Bowl was played in that stadium. This was the first Super Bowl that featured a rematch of a previous one (the Steelers had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394137", "score": "1.1008928", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XX", "text": "game summary. Source: Super Bowl XX Super Bowl XX was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Chicago Bears and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1985 season. The Bears defeated the Patriots by the score of 46–10, capturing their first NFL championship (and Chicago's first overall sports victory) since 1963, three years prior to the birth of the Super Bowl. Super Bowl XX was played on January 26, 1986 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. This was the fourth Super Bowl", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "397189", "score": "1.0994899", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXXIX", "text": "Super Bowl XXXIX Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004 season. The Patriots defeated the Eagles by the score of 24–21. The game was played on February 6, 2005, at Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida, the first time the Super Bowl was played in that city. The Patriots, who entered the Super Bowl after compiling a 14–2 regular season record, became the first, and most recent (as of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3200034", "score": "1.0987742", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLIX", "text": "gain Receptions Times targeted Super Bowl XLIX had nine officials. The numbers in parentheses below indicates their uniform numbers. Super Bowl XLIX Super Bowl XLIX was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2014 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks, 28–24, to earn their fourth Super Bowl title and their first in ten years. The game was played on February 1, 2015 at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. It was the second time the stadium", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12304621", "score": "1.0949677", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XL", "text": "Super Bowl XL Super Bowl XL was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2005 season. The Steelers defeated the Seahawks by the score of 21–10. The game was played on February 5, 2006 at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. With the win, the Steelers tied the San Francisco 49ers and the Dallas Cowboys with the then-record five Super Bowls. The Steelers' victory was their first Super Bowl victory since Super Bowl XIV. Pittsburgh, who", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3200108", "score": "1.0940357", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLIX", "text": "Super Bowl XLIX Super Bowl XLIX was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2014 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks, 28–24, to earn their fourth Super Bowl title and their first in ten years. The game was played on February 1, 2015 at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. It was the second time the stadium has hosted a Super Bowl, and the third one held in the Phoenix metropolitan area. With the loss, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12304556", "score": "1.0913107", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLV", "text": "Super Bowl XLV Super Bowl XLV was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Green Bay Packers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2010 season. The Packers defeated the Steelers by the score of 31–25. The game was played on February 6, 2011 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, the first time the Super Bowl was played in the Dallas–Fort Worth area. Unlike most other Super Bowls, this game featured two title-abundant franchises: coming into the game, the Packers held the most NFL", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5732063", "score": "1.0902386", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XV", "text": "work four Super Bowls, joining Jack Fette and Stan Javie. Specific General Super Bowl XV Super Bowl XV was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1980 season. The Raiders defeated the Eagles by the score of 27–10, becoming the first wild card playoff team to win a Super Bowl. The game was played at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana, on January 25, 1981, five days after the Iran hostage crisis ended. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394206", "score": "1.090049", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLII", "text": "Super Bowl XLII Super Bowl XLII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2007 season. The Giants defeated the Patriots by the score of 17–14. The game was played on February 3, 2008 at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. The game is regarded as one of the biggest upsets in the history of professional sports, as well as one of the finest Super Bowl games. The Patriots entered the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4243386", "score": "1.087887", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Super Bowl VI", "text": "Super Bowl VI Super Bowl VI was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Miami Dolphins to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1971 season. The Cowboys defeated the Dolphins by the score of 24–3, to win their first Super Bowl. The game was played on January 16, 1972, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, the second time the Super Bowl was played in that city. Despite the southerly location, it was unseasonably cold at the time, with the kickoff air temperature of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "393811", "score": "1.086534", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXX", "text": "suspense at the game's ending. Super Bowl XXX Super Bowl XXX was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1995 season. The Cowboys defeated the Steelers by the score of 27–17. The game was played on January 28, 1996, at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona, the first time the Super Bowl was played in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Both teams entered the game trying to tie the San Francisco 49ers for the record for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394833", "score": "1.086099", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVIII", "text": "is the Montreal-based company PixMob. The game kicked off at 6:32 p.m. EST (). On Denver's first play after receiving the opening kickoff, center Manny Ramirez snapped the ball while quarterback Peyton Manning was shifting forward (from shotgun formation) in the process of calling an audible, resulting in the ball going past Manning into the end zone. Running back Knowshon Moreno recovered the ball to prevent a Seahawks touchdown, but he was downed for a safety to give the Seahawks a 2–0 lead. Seattle's score just 12 seconds into the game was the quickest to start a game in Super", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7141054", "score": "1.0856526", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXX", "text": "Super Bowl XXX Super Bowl XXX was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1995 season. The Cowboys defeated the Steelers by the score of 27–17. The game was played on January 28, 1996, at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona, the first time the Super Bowl was played in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Both teams entered the game trying to tie the San Francisco 49ers for the record for most Super Bowl wins by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394782", "score": "1.0818655", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XX", "text": "Super Bowl XX Super Bowl XX was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Chicago Bears and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1985 season. The Bears defeated the Patriots by the score of 46–10, capturing their first NFL championship (and Chicago's first overall sports victory) since 1963, three years prior to the birth of the Super Bowl. Super Bowl XX was played on January 26, 1986 at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. This was the fourth Super Bowl where both teams", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "397144", "score": "1.081424", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVI", "text": "Super Bowl XLVI Super Bowl XLVI (46) was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2011 season. The Giants defeated the Patriots by the score of 21–17. The game was played on February 5, 2012 at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, the first time that the Super Bowl was played in Indiana. In addition to winning their fourth Super Bowl in team history, the Giants set a new record for the lowest regular", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7002472", "score": "1.0813136", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XVI", "text": "Super Bowl XVI Super Bowl XVI was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Cincinnati Bengals to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1981 season. The 49ers defeated the Bengals by the score of 26–21 to win their first Super Bowl. The game was played on January 24, 1982, at the Pontiac Silverdome in Pontiac, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. It marked the first time that a Super Bowl was held at a cold-weather city. The domed stadium saved the crowd at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394207", "score": "1.0781636", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVIII", "text": "Superdome. Since Super Bowl X in 1976, all but one outdoor Super Bowl has been played in either California or Florida, the exception being Super Bowl XXX in Tempe, Arizona. NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell indicated that if Super Bowl XLVIII was successful, additional \"cold-weather\" Super Bowls would be considered. Super Bowl XLVIII was the first NFL championship game to be held in the New York metropolitan area since December 30, 1962, when the Green Bay Packers beat the New York Giants in the original Yankee Stadium, 16–7. Since then, two other major pro football leagues have held title games in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7141017", "score": "1.076543", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Super Bowl curse", "text": "years before the game is played, without regard to the teams that qualify. Only two NFL teams have reached the Super Bowl hosted in their home region: the San Francisco 49ers, who played Super Bowl XIX in Stanford Stadium, rather than Candlestick Park, and the Los Angeles Rams, who played Super Bowl XIV in the Rose Bowl, rather than the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Besides Stanford Stadium and the Rose Bowl, the only other Super Bowl venue that was not the home stadium to an NFL team at the time was Rice Stadium in Houston: the Houston Oilers had played", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11856836", "score": "1.0757711", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Super Bowl IX", "text": "Super Bowl IX Super Bowl IX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Minnesota Vikings to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1974 season. The game was played on January 12, 1975, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, the last professional American football game played at that venue (the game was originally planned to be held at the Louisiana Superdome, but that stadium was not completed yet). The Steelers defeated the Vikings by the score of 16–6 to win their first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "393933", "score": "1.0752991", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXII", "text": "Super Bowl XXII Super Bowl XXII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Washington Redskins and American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1987 season. The Redskins defeated the Broncos by the score of 42–10, winning their second Super Bowl. The game was played on January 31, 1988 at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego, the first time that the Super Bowl was played in that city. This Super Bowl came at the end of a season that was shortened by a players' strike. Each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394404", "score": "1.074975", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XII", "text": "officials at other positions can do so. This was the first Super Bowl in which all officials had previously called one. Five of the six officials—all except Veteri—previously worked a Super Bowl in New Orleans. Of those five, only Douglas was not on the crew for Super Bowl VI at Tulane Stadium. Super Bowl XII Super Bowl XII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1977 season. The Cowboys defeated the Broncos 27–10 to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394086", "score": "1.0746422", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XIV", "text": "Super Bowl XIV Super Bowl XIV was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Los Angeles Rams and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1979 season. The Steelers defeated the Rams by the score of 31–19, becoming the first team to win four Super Bowls. The game was played on January 20, 1980, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, and was attended by a Super Bowl record 103,985 spectators. This also became the first Super Bowl where the game was coincidentally played in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394138", "score": "1.0745106", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XXXII", "text": "reference.com game summary. Source: Super Bowl XXXII Super Bowl XXXII was an American football game played between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Green Bay Packers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1997 season. The Broncos defeated the Packers by the score of 31–24. The game was played on January 25, 1998 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, the second time that the Super Bowl was held in that city. Super Bowl XXXII also made Qualcomm Stadium the only stadium in history to have the Super", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "394930", "score": "1.0743784", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Super Bowl XLVII", "text": "Super Bowl XLVII Super Bowl XLVII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Baltimore Ravens and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2012 season. The Ravens defeated the 49ers by the score of 34–31, handing the 49ers their first Super Bowl loss in franchise history. The game was played on Sunday, February 3, 2013 at Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. This was the tenth Super Bowl to be played in New Orleans, equaling Miami's record of ten in an individual city.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7167355", "score": "1.0732665", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Super Bowl LI", "text": "Super Bowl LI Super Bowl LI was an American football game played at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, on February 5, 2017, to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2016 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots, after trailing by as many as 25 points (28–3) during the third quarter, defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons, 34–28 in overtime. The Patriots' 25-point comeback is the largest comeback in Super Bowl history, and Super Bowl LI was the first final to be decided in overtime. The Patriots' victory was their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16858042", "score": "1.0728726", "original_retrieval_index": 40 } ]

{ "title": "Super Bowl", "long_answer": "The location of the Super Bowl is chosen by the NFL well in advance, usually three to five years before the game. Cities place bids to host a Super Bowl and are evaluated in terms of stadium renovation and their ability to host. In 2014, a document listing the specific requirements of Super Bowl hosts was leaked, giving a clear list of what was required for a Super Bowl host. Much of the cost of the Super Bowl is to be assumed by the host community, although some costs are enumerated within the requirements to be assumed by the NFL. Some of the host requirements include:", "chunked_long_answer": "The location of the Super Bowl is chosen by the NFL well in advance, usually three to five years before the game. Cities place bids to host a Super Bowl and are evaluated in terms of stadium renovation and their ability to host. In 2014, a document listing the specific requirements of Super Bowl hosts was leaked, giving a clear list of what was required for a Super Bowl host. Much of the cost of the Super Bowl is to be assumed by the host community, although some costs are enumerated within the requirements to be assumed by the NFL. ", "short_answers": [ "the NFL" ] }

[ "Grisha" ]

[ { "title": "G. Callen", "text": "G. Callen (born: Grisha Alekandrovich Nikolaev) is a fictional character in the show NCIS: Los Angeles portrayed by Chris O'Donnell. He is an NCIS Special Agent in Charge, and the senior agent assigned to the Office of Special Projects. O'Donnell made his first appearance during NCIS' sixth season episode \"Legend (Part 1)\".", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)", "text": "Weed, Lindsay Sturman, Tim Clemente, Joseph C. Wilson, and Matt Pyken. Brennan served as the season's show runner. The first season had 7 actors get star billing. Chris O'Donnell portrayed G. Callen, an NCIS Special Agent in charge of the Office of Special Projects team in Los Angeles. Though his friends call him \"G\" he does not know what his first name is. LL Cool J portrays Sam Hanna, a former Navy SEAL working as a Senior NCIS agent. Sam is G's partner and is very curious about his past. Daniela Ruah portrayed Kensi Blye, a Junior Field agent on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591681", "score": "1.2447985", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "cast as Shay Mosley for the ninth season after Miguel Ferrer's death. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a tenth season, which premiered on September 30, 2018. \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" follows Special Agent G. Callen (Chris O'Donnell), a \"legend\" assigned to the Office of Special Projects (OSP), a fictitious branch of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (the real-life NCIS has no offices in Los Angeles). Callen leads an elite team of undercover operatives as they battle enemies both foreign and domestic under the watchful eye of Operational Manager Henrietta \"Hetty\" Lange (Linda Hunt). The team is composed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091893", "score": "1.1694925", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "of Agent Kensi Blye (Daniela Ruah), a hand-to-hand combat specialist and forensic whiz, Sam Hanna (LL Cool J), a former Navy SEAL and G's partner, technical analyst (Barrett Foa), and ranking team member Shay Mosley (Nia Long), NCIS Executive Assistant Director for Pacific Operations (EAD-PAC). Over the course of the series, the team are assisted by allies from both NCIS and its local counterparts, including LAPD liaison officer Marty Deeks (Eric Christian Olsen), Intelligence Analyst Nell Jones (Renee Felice Smith), Operational Psychologist Nate Getz (Peter Cambor), and rookie field agent Dominic Vail (Adam Jamal Craig), all of whom work side-by-side", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091894", "score": "1.1690094", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Identity (NCIS: Los Angeles)", "text": "pilot episode, \"Legend\", NCIS Special Agent G. Callen rejoins the NCIS: Office of Special Projects team whose headquarters have since moved to new surroundings. His first case back involves a Naval Commander who was kidnapped by a drug cartel and eventually killed in a shootout between the cartel and members of the Los Angeles Police Department. The team investigate and soon discover that the Commander's actions might have jeopardized a highly classified military operation against various drug cartels in Mexico and also put the life of his young niece in great danger, forcing the team to race against the clock", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14025661", "score": "1.1536393", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "NCIS: Los Angeles NCIS: Los Angeles is an American action television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres, which premiered on CBS on September 22, 2009, and stars Chris O'Donnell and LL Cool J. The series follows the exploits of the Los Angeles–based Office of Special Projects (OSP), an elite division of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service that specializes in undercover assignments. \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" is the first spin-off of the successful series \"NCIS\". On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a ninth season which premiered on October 1, 2017. Nia Long joined the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091892", "score": "1.1448414", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Identity (NCIS: Los Angeles)", "text": "to find and save the young girl before it's too late but all is not what it seems... The episode starts with a police chase where a van is cornered and the gunman are killed. The police discover a dead body of a Naval Commander inside. G. Callen (Chris O'Donnell), having successfully recovered from his near-fatal shooting at the end of the back-door pilot episode, \"Legend\", rejoins the NCIS Office of Special Projects team whose headquarters have since moved to new surroundings and now under command of Operations Manager, Henrietta Lange (Linda Hunt). NCIS Director Leon Vance (Rocky Carroll) informs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14025662", "score": "1.1163182", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)", "text": "series regular the following episode. Rocky Carroll had a recurring role as Leon Vance, the Director of NCIS. Brian Avers appeared in three episodes as Special Agent ; Pauley Perrette appeared in two episodes as Abby Sciuto, the forensic specialist at NCIS headquarters. Eric Christian Olsen guest starred in two episodes as , the NCIS / LAPD Liaison Officer. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series premiere episode, \"\", drew approximately 18.73 million viewers with a 4.4/11 share in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic and therefore won its timeslot. It was the second most watched show of the week, behind the seventh season premiere", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591684", "score": "1.110864", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "seen.\" Tom Shales of \"The Washington Post\" felt that, \"NCIS: Los Angeles gets the job done ... It's a procedural that follows strictly the established procedure, but it has likable characters, dislikable bad guys and the occasional flabbergasting shot of L.A.\" Robert Bianco of \"USA Today\" summarized it as a \"serviceable hour that takes the NCIS formula—a light tone and a lot of banter wrapped around a fairly rudimentary investigatory plot—and transfers it to a special, undercover NCIS division in Los Angeles. Nothing more, but also nothing less.\" \"The Hollywood Reporter\" compared the show to \"The A-Team\" with \"the same", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091899", "score": "1.1099811", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "and lots of gunfire. But as with the original \"NCIS\", the emphasis is on the characters of the team... Los Angeles, meanwhile, looks fabulous, a pleasing mixture of noir and gridlock, and there's an air of stability that's comforting in these uncertain times.\" The New York \"Daily News\" reviewer, David Hinckley, was more critical of the show saying that although \"It all adds up to an hour of decent entertainment, and there's room for enough character development to give \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" a personality of its own, ... a premiere episode shouldn't feel even a little like something we've already", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091898", "score": "1.1075455", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "lighthearted approach to life-or-death situations. Maybe the biggest change is that 'NCIS: L.A.' achieves its inevitably favorable outcomes with a little more intellect and a little less testosterone.\" IGN stated that although \"\"NCIS: Los Angeles\" doesn't exactly reinvent the police procedural... it's another above-average entry, aided by the fact that the people behind the show know what they're doing\" and ultimately gave the episode a 7.7/10. Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" on CBS. On November 5, 2012, Deadline Hollywood reported the first news about a spin-off of \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" titled \"NCIS:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091900", "score": "1.1056873", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "with NCIS Assistant Director Owen Granger (Miguel Ferrer), a laconic agent and skilled bureaucrat. Special Agent G. Callen was initially a CIA operative created by Shane Brennan for a series that was never produced. After taking over show runner duties previously held by Donald P. Bellisario on \"NCIS\", he used the potential of a spin-off to bring his story to fruition. Brennan intended for the series to hold a \"Miami Vice\"-esque vibe through its two co-leads, Callen and Agent Sam Hanna. However, the character of Lara Macy was written to serve as a parallel for Gibbs, the lead of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091895", "score": "1.1047821", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)", "text": "of sister show \"NCIS\" which accumulated 20.61 million viewers. However, ratings were down from the premiere of \"\" from the previous year, but was higher than the seventh and final season premiere of \"Without a Trace\", which occupied the same timeslot during the 2008-09 television season. The season finale, \"Callen, G.\" was watched by 13.1 million viewers. For its first season, \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" was the 9th most watched new series on CBS with a total of 16.08 million viewers. Notes \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" first season received mixed to positive reviews from television critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season holds", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591685", "score": "1.087863", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "M6 in France. In August 2016, Titan Books published \"NCIS Los Angeles: Extremis\", a novel by Jerome Preisler. Three months later, it was followed by \"NCIS Los Angeles: Bolthole\", written by Jeff Mariotte. Both books contain original stories featuring the characters from the show. NCIS: Los Angeles NCIS: Los Angeles is an American action television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres, which premiered on CBS on September 22, 2009, and stars Chris O'Donnell and LL Cool J. The series follows the exploits of the Los Angeles–based Office of Special Projects (OSP), an elite division of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091903", "score": "1.0773771", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "NCIS (season 11)", "text": "planning to do and start from scratch\". Glasberg has stated that there will be rotating characters coming to fill Ziva's role. The theme for the season is \"unlocking demons\", both figurative and literal according to Glasberg. A \"pretty interesting adversary\" about the theme will be introduced, and \"that will carry through the season\". Colin Hanks returned for the premiere episode as Defense Department investigator Richard Parsons, a character introduced at the end of the tenth season, while Marina Sirtis returned in the second episode as Mossad Director Orli Elbaz. Joe Spano also reprised his role as Senior FBI Agent Tobias", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17205139", "score": "1.0750799", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "NCIS (TV series)", "text": "pilot of \"\". \"Legend\" introduces Chris O'Donnell as G. Callen, LL Cool J as Sam Hanna, Daniela Ruah as Kensi Blye, and Barrett Foa as Eric Beale. Rocky Carroll recurs on \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" as his \"NCIS\" character Director Leon Vance, while Pauley Perrette has appeared twice as Abby, and Michael Weatherly has appeared once as Anthony DiNozzo. \"NCIS\" guest stars reprising roles between series include David Dayan Fisher as CIA Officer Trent Kort, in the season-one finale of \"NCIS: Los Angeles\"; Kelly Hu as Lee Wuan Kai in \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" and later in an episode of \"NCIS\". John", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14611116", "score": "1.0720425", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "NCIS (franchise)", "text": "most watched series on TV. \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" ended its fifth season as the fourth most watched series on TV, and the second most watched drama. \"NCIS\" follows the work of the Major Case Response Team, stationed out of Washington, D.C. Supervised by Special Agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs, a former Marine Gunnery Sergeant, and a thrice-divorced widower. The team specializes in crime scene examination, and the investigation of murders. Gibbs' team has included Caitlin Todd, who earned her stripes protecting the President as a member of the Secret Service; Anthony DiNozzo, a former Baltimore detective; Timothy McGee, a computer specialist", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18050926", "score": "1.066251", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)", "text": "a 65% approval rating. General NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1) The first season of the American television series \"\" premiered on CBS on September 22, 2009, and concluded on May 25, 2010. It is the first spin-off series of \"NCIS\". The series is set in Los Angeles, California, and follows the stories of the members of the Office of Special Projects, an undercover division of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS). The show and its characters were introduced during the sixth-season episodes of \"NCIS\" titled \"Legend (Part I)\" and \"Legend (Part II)\". These episodes served as a backdoor pilot for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591686", "score": "1.0558116", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "pilot for the series, in a manner similar to the way \"NCIS\" was introduced by way of a two-part episode of \"JAG\". \"Identity\", the series' first episode, garnered 18.73 million viewers with a 4.4/11 share in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic and therefore won its timeslot. It was the second most watched show of the week, behind only the original \"NCIS\". Reviews for the show have been mixed. It has a score of 59/100 on Metacritic. According to Mary McNamara of the \"Los Angeles Times\", \"The crime is intriguing and multifaceted, its resolution requiring a nice balance of street smarts", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091897", "score": "1.0526515", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "NCIS (franchise)", "text": "a pilot episode for a potential \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" spinoff titled \"NCIS: Red\". Written and produced by Shane Brennan, the series would follow \"a mobile team of agents who live and work together as they go across the country to solve crimes\". On February 6, 2013 John Corbett was cast as retired special agent Roy, the series male lead. Earlier, CBS had confirmed that Miguel Ferrer would join the cast as a series regular, reprising his \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" role, while Edwin Hodge had been cast as Kai, an intelligence analyst. On February 8, 2013 Scott Grimes was cast as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18050932", "score": "1.0503333", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)", "text": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1) The first season of the American television series \"\" premiered on CBS on September 22, 2009, and concluded on May 25, 2010. It is the first spin-off series of \"NCIS\". The series is set in Los Angeles, California, and follows the stories of the members of the Office of Special Projects, an undercover division of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS). The show and its characters were introduced during the sixth-season episodes of \"NCIS\" titled \"Legend (Part I)\" and \"Legend (Part II)\". These episodes served as a backdoor pilot for the series. Season one was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591679", "score": "1.0478029", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles", "text": "Red\". The new characters were introduced during a of \"NCIS: Los Angeles\". The spin-off was to feature a team of mobile agents, who travel around the country to solve crimes. This would have been the second successive spin-off in the \"NCIS\" franchise. However, on May 15, 2013, CBS confirmed that \"NCIS: Red\" was officially passed on and would not be moving forward. Scott Grimes reprised his potential spinoff role as NCIS Red Agent Dave Flynn during the eighth season of \"NCIS: Los Angeles\". The first six seasons have been released on DVD in Regions 1, 2 and 4, and Season", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13091901", "score": "1.0422595", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)", "text": "originally planned to have thirteen episodes. On October 7, 2009, after rating as the most watched new show of the Fall 2009 U.S. television season, CBS ordered a full set of 22 episodes, which was extended to 24 episodes on November 4, 2009. The first season was produced by CBS Television Studios and Shane Brennan Productions and aired on the CBS network. The series was created by Shane Brennan as a spin-off from \"NCIS\", which was created by Donald P. Bellisario. Brennan and R. Scott Gemmill served as executive producers. The writers were Brennan, Gemmill, Dave Kalstein, Gil Grant, Speed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591680", "score": "1.0300272", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "NCIS (franchise)", "text": "Vail, an M.I.T. graduate and a computer-whiz; Marty Deeks, an LAPD Detective recruited to serve as liaison to OSP; Nell Jones, an Intelligence Analyst with the highest IQ at NCIS; Eric Beale, an awkward technician and one half of the technical dream-team; Nate Getz, a deep-cover operative and Operational Psychologist seconded to team team; Sam Hanna, a former SEAL and a family man who met his wife on the job; and laconic Assistant Director Owen Granger. The team are overseen both bureaucratically and operationally by Executive Assistant Director for Pacific Operations (EAD-PAC) Shay Mosley. The New Orleans NCIS team is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18050929", "score": "1.0206131", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)", "text": "the NCIS Office of Special Projects who comes from a Marine family, studied forensics and criminology in college, and is fluent in Portuguese, lip reading, and Morse code. Adam Jamal Craig portrayed , the team's rookie agent. After his character disappeared in the episode \"Missing\" he was changed to a guest star. He was written out of the show in the episode \"Found\" when Dom was fatally wounded while trying to escape from his kidnappers. Peter Cambor portrayed , the operational psychologist working with NCIS observing surveillance tapes and watching or conducting interrogations in order to create psychological profiles of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591682", "score": "1.0185372", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles (season 1)", "text": "suspects. Nate briefly expressed interest in doing field work but was dissuaded by everyone on the team. Barrett Foa portrayed , the technical operator for the OSP who serves as the primary contact both for agents in the field and with Director Leon Vance. Foa was changed from guest starring to a starring role as of the thirteenth episode of the season. Linda Hunt portrayed , the Operations Manager at NCIS in Los Angeles. Hetty has been compared to the character Q in the James Bond novels and films. She guest-starred in the first episode before being upgraded as a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591683", "score": "1.0121089", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Past, Present, and Future (NCIS)", "text": "When it was announced, Glasberg had to change the story and start \"making this work and handling the situation with the utmost care and delicacy\". \"It’s okay to be sad. But, then, don’t forget what we’re good at\", he continued. \"Past, Present, and Future\" was seen by 19.98 million live viewers following its broadcast on October 1, 2013, with a 3.5/11 share among adults aged 18 to 49. A rating point represents one percent of the total number of television sets in American households, and a share means the percentage of television sets in use tuned to the program. In", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17582309", "score": "1.0101042", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "NCIS (TV series)", "text": "\"NCIS\" spin-off series with the title \"\", with the backdoor pilot, \"Legend\", airing on April 28, 2009, and May 5, 2009. The backdoor pilot introduced Chris O'Donnell as Special Agent G. Callen, LL Cool J as Special Agent Sam Hanna, Louise Lombard as Special Agent Lara Macy, Peter Cambor as Operational Psychologist Nate Getz: and Daniela Ruah as Special Agent Kensi Blye. The crew for the series includes Michael B. Kaplan, Lev L. Spiro, Jerry London, Sheldon Epps, and Mark Saraceni. Following the show's official pick-up by CBS, it was confirmed that Louise Lombard had not been signed to continue", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14611122", "score": "1.0066818", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "G. Callen", "text": "Callen once served with his good friend Leroy Jethro Gibbs, who now works at the NCIS Headquarters located in the Washington Navy Yard. Callen specializes in deep undercover work. Prior to the series commencing, G. Callen and Sam Hanna had been partnered for two years (as per the season three episode \"Partner\") where they celebrate their five year partnership. G. Callen grew up in foster care, never knowing who his parents were or even his first name. In the show’s first episode \"Identity\", it is revealed that he is called \"G\" not because he dislikes his first name, but because", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14948369", "score": "1.0059485", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Shabbat Shalom (NCIS)", "text": "a common greeting used in Israel on the Jewish Sabbath. Several characters in the episode — Ziva and Eli David, Jackie and Leon Vance — are shown observing the Shabbat shortly before the fatal shootout at the end. \"NCIS\" follows a team of government agents who work for the Naval Criminal Investigative Service. The main cast includes Mark Harmon as team leader Leroy Jethro Gibbs, Michael Weatherly as Senior Agent Anthony \"Tony\" DiNozzo, Cote de Pablo as Mossad Liaison Officer turned NCIS Agent Ziva David, Pauley Perrette as Forensic Specialist Abby Sciuto, Sean Murray as Special Agent Timothy McGee, David", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17019071", "score": "1.0047292", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "G. Callen", "long_answer": "G. Callen (born: Grisha Alekandrovich Nikolaev) is a fictional character in the show NCIS: Los Angeles portrayed by Chris O'Donnell. He is an NCIS Special Agent in Charge, and the senior agent assigned to the Office of Special Projects. O'Donnell made his first appearance during NCIS' sixth season episode \"Legend (Part 1)\".", "chunked_long_answer": "G. Callen (born: Grisha Alekandrovich Nikolaev) is a fictional character in the show NCIS: Los Angeles portrayed by Chris O'Donnell. He is an NCIS Special Agent in Charge, and the senior agent assigned to the Office of Special Projects. O'Donnell made his first appearance during NCIS' sixth season episode \"Legend (Part 1)\".", "short_answers": [ "Grisha" ] }

[ "foreign exchange market", "the foreign exchange market" ]

[ { "title": "CLS Group", "text": "CLS (originally Continuous Linked Settlement) is a specialist US financial institution that provides settlement services to its members in the foreign exchange market (FX). Although the forex market is decentralised and has no central exchange or clearing facility, firms that chose to use CLS to settle their FX transactions can mitigate the settlement risk associated with their trades.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "CLS Group", "text": "CLS holds accounts with each of the central banks whose currencies it settles. On each settlement date, upon determining that the accounts of the submitting settlement members satisfy several risk management tests, CLS simultaneously settles each pair of matched payment instructions by making the corresponding debit and credit entries in the settlement members’ accounts at CLS. The settlement of the payment instructions and the associated payments are final and irrevocable. For example, (GBP/USD = 1.50, EUR/USD = 1.25): These obligations are funded into and from each member’s respective multi-currency account. Another key element of the CLS Settlement Service is the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16621518", "score": "1.0328226", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "CLS Group", "text": "As of September 2017, CLS settles 18 currencies, has 79 shareholders, 66 settlement members and 24,000+ third-party clients. CLS operates a global multi-currency cash settlement system through which settlement risk can be mitigated with finality using a combination of PvP settlement over CLS central bank accounts, local real-time gross settlements systems (RTGS) and multilateral payment netting supported by a resilient infrastructure. In a PvP system both sides’ payment instructions for a FX transaction are settled simultaneously. Without PvP there is a serious risk that one party to a FX transaction will deliver the currency it owes, but not receive the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16621515", "score": "1.018815", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "CLS Group", "text": "other currency from its counterparty, resulting in the loss of principal. This is known as settlement risk, or “Herstatt Risk”, after the German bank, Bankhaus Herstatt, which collapsed in June 1974 leaving many of its FX counterparties with significant losses. Following an FX transaction, settlement members submit payment instructions to CLS. These instructions are authenticated and matched by CLS and maintained by the system until settlement date. The CLS daily settlement cycle operates with settlement and funding occurring during a five-hour window when all real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systems in the CLS settlement currency jurisdictions are open and able to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16621516", "score": "0.99649227", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "CLS Group", "text": "Act Corporation, a limited purpose bank regulated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Since it began operations in 2002, CLS has rapidly increased and by March 2017 was settling just over 50% of global FX transactions. As a result, the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) officially designated CLS a Systemically Important Financial Market Utility in July 2012. The single day record for value settled is US$11.11 trillion, set on 21 June 2017. The single day record for volume settled is 2.58 million, set on 14 November 2016. In 2002, CLS was launched with 39 members and seven currencies.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16621514", "score": "0.99176365", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "CLS Group", "text": "make and receive payments. This enables simultaneous settlement of the payments on both sides of an FX transaction. Each settlement member holds a single multi-currency account with CLS. At the start and end of a normal settlement day, each settlement member has a zero balance on its account. Under normal operations of the settlement service, CLS starts and ends the day with a zero balance in its central bank accounts and in its Settlement Member accounts. Settlement members may submit instructions relating to their own FX transactions as well as the FX transactions of their third-party customers directly to CLS.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16621517", "score": "0.9769658", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Herstatt Bank", "text": "on Banking Supervision under the Bank for International Settlements. The Continuous Linked Settlement platform (CLS), was launched almost 30 years later in 2002. This payment versus payment (PVP) process enables member banks to trade foreign currencies without assuming the settlement risk associated with the process, whereby a counterparty could fail before delivering their leg of the transaction. Herstatt Bank Herstatt Bank (Bankhaus I.D. Herstatt K.G.a.A.) was a privately owned bank in the German city of Cologne. It went bankrupt on 26 June 1974 in a famous incident illustrating settlement risk in international finance. It led to the creating of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6902968", "score": "0.9504467", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "CLS Holdings", "text": "CLS Holdings CLS Holdings plc is a British commercial property investment business. The Company puts an emphasis on active management, using in-house teams instead of outsourcing. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. The company was established by Sten Mörtstedt in 1987 and was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1994. The Company was one of the original three investors in The Shard development at London Bridge in 2006 but sold its interest for £30 million in January 2008. Fredrik Widlund joined as CEO in November 2014, having", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18782872", "score": "0.93637335", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "CLS Group", "text": "liquidity efficiencies delivered through multilateral payment netting. On each day participants will very likely have more than one trade to settle—in practice, major banks will have hundreds or thousands of trades each day. Each day prior to settlement, CLS calculates the funding required of each settlement member on a multilateral netted basis. The amount of cash required by CLS to settle all payment instructions is reduced, allowing each settlement member to transfer only the net amount of its payment obligations in each currency, rather than the total amount of each trade to be settled. On average, CLS netting efficiency is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16621519", "score": "0.92861944", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "CLS Group", "text": "in the region of 96 percent. In addition to the usual settlement service, the in/out swap process is done before the settlement windows to reduce the payment obligations to CLS and to mitigate liquidity pressures. An in/out swap is an intraday swap consisting of two equal and opposite FX transactions that are agreed as an intraday swap. One of the “legs” is settled inside CLS in order to reduce each settlement member’s net position in the two relevant currencies. The other “leg” is settled outside CLS. The in/out swap further compresses payment obligation by an average of 75%, which results", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16621520", "score": "0.91308606", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "CLS Communication", "text": "companies, and the translation unit of the Raiffeisen banking group in Switzerland, setting up offices in London and New York. it acquired London-based Richard Gray Financial Translations (RGFT) in 2004, and added offices in Paris and Madrid. Offices in Copenhagen, Frankfurt Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Beijing were added. The firm also took over the language services teams of Swiss Re, Lombard Odier, and Danske Bank. In 2003, CLS became fully independent through a management buyout. In 2009 it gained a new majority shareholder, the Swiss-based private equity fund Zurmont Madison, through a capital increase and a partial buyout of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15831486", "score": "0.88549626", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International", "text": "in ways that reduce \"settlement risk\"—the risk that one party will perform while the other will not. Alice alleged that CLS Bank International and CLS Services Ltd. (collectively \"CLS Bank\") began to use similar technology in 2002. Alice accused CLS Bank of infringement of Alice's patents, and when the parties did not resolve the issue, CLS Bank filed suit against Alice in 2007, seeking a declaratory judgment that the claims at issue were invalid. Alice counterclaimed, alleging infringement. The relevant claims are in these patents: In 2007, CLS Bank sued Alice in the United States District Court for the District", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17756642", "score": "0.8709816", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "CLS Holdings", "text": "previously been at GE Capital. In March 2016 Henry Klotz became Executive Chairman and Sten Mortstedt became Executive Director. Historically, the Company made shareholder distributions by way of a tender offer buy-back, but announced in February 2017 the introduction of a dividend, and a proposed share sub-division. The company's property portfolio was valued at circa £1.8 billion as at 31 December 2017. One of the company's largest schemes is Vauxhall Square, a mixed-use scheme in the Vauxhall area of London. CLS Holdings CLS Holdings plc is a British commercial property investment business. The Company puts an emphasis on active management,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18782873", "score": "0.86091435", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "City of London Sinfonia", "text": "City of London Sinfonia City of London Sinfonia (CLS) is an English chamber orchestra based in London. CLS performs regularly across the city of London in venues from East London clubs to traditional Central London concert halls. CLS is Orchestra-in-Residence at the critically acclaimed Opera Holland Park (since 2004) and holds a residency at St Paul's Cathedral. The Orchestra has developed close links with joint venture partners in Mexico and Japan, having toured to Mexico in May 2015 and to Japan in March 2017. It is a registered charity under English law. CLS performs chamber orchestra and ensemble repertoire from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4753682", "score": "0.8560286", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "University of Western Ontario Faculty of Law", "text": "academic year under the supervision of a lawyer mentor. The Western program is one of the largest national chapters. Community Legal Services Community Legal Services (CLS) provides free legal advice and representation to members of the community, and to Fanshawe College and Western students. CLS is funded by Legal Aid Ontario, Fanshawe Student's Council, the University Students Council, and the Faculty of Law. Over 100 students work at CLS over the course of the academic year under the supervision of three experienced lawyers. Students carry their own files, and gain valuable experience in client correspondence, legal research and drafting of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8052252", "score": "0.851571", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "CLS Communication", "text": "allow collective investment schemes to operate freely throughout the European Union on the basis of a single authorisation from one member state. CLS also translates annual reports for companies. CLS Communication is and DIN EN 15038:2006 certified. A number of branches are certified in accordance with these standards. CLS Communication CLS Communication is a language translation, editing and writing services company based in Switzerland. It has 19 offices on three continents, and serves the financial services, life sciences, telecommunications and legal industries. The company employs approximately 250 in-house translators and writers and has a network of 2,400 external partners. According", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15831490", "score": "0.8515545", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Barclays Bank of Botswana", "text": "and any other transactions and balances with medium entities and retail customers. Its business units include Retail and Business Banking, Corporate and Investment Banking and Treasury. The Bank serves approximately 150,000 customers. Barclays Bank of Botswana Barclays Bank of Botswana Ltd offers personal banking, business banking, credit cards and corporate banking products. The Bank's segments include Corporate and Investment Banking, Retail and Business Banking. The Corporate and Investment Banking segment includes Corporate Banking, Markets and Investment Banking. The Corporate Banking activities include loans, deposits and other transactions and balances with corporate customers. Market activities are to assist clients with access", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19651217", "score": "0.8472308", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "DBS Bank", "text": "Cholamandalam DBS . DBS has a 99%-owned subsidiary, PT Bank DBS Indonesia, with 39 branches and sub-branches in 11 cities. On April 2012, DBS announced that it was planning to buy over a majority stake in Bank Danamon from Temasek Holdings. Initial reactions to the proposed purchase in Indonesia were cautious with most commentators saying that the deal was expected to be approved but that government regulators would doubtless wish to look at some of the details, including reciprocity from Singapore policy makers, quite closely before making a final decision. On 31 July 2013, DBS announced that it had allowed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1990849", "score": "0.8198697", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "City of London Sinfonia", "text": "In education settings, CLS’s creative primary projects give young children the chance to experience the joy and fun of live music for the first time, firing their creativity and boosting their learning. Education partners include music education hubs such as Tower Hamlets Arts Music Education Service and Harrow Music Service, and artistic partners such as Orchestras Live. The Orchestra’s education work has also spread as far afield as Mexico, Japan and South Korea in recent years. City of London Sinfonia City of London Sinfonia (CLS) is an English chamber orchestra based in London. CLS performs regularly across the city of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4753689", "score": "0.817574", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "DBS Bank", "text": "Taiwan's Bowa Bank into its operations after acquiring the \"good bank assets\" in February. There are 40 distribution outlets across the country, half of which are based in Taipei. Headquartered in the commercial capital of Mumbai, DBS operates via a network of 12 bank branches across India in Bangalore, Chennai, Cuddalore, Hyderabad, Kolhapur, Kolkata, Moradabad, Mumbai, Nashik, New Delhi, Pune, Salem and Surat. DBS India had a 37.5% stake in DBS Cholamandalam Finance, a non-bank financial institution, in April 2009, it transferred its shares to the parent company Tube Investments of India Limited, thus terminating its shared holder agreement in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1990848", "score": "0.8150481", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Barclays Bank of Botswana", "text": "Barclays Bank of Botswana Barclays Bank of Botswana Ltd offers personal banking, business banking, credit cards and corporate banking products. The Bank's segments include Corporate and Investment Banking, Retail and Business Banking. The Corporate and Investment Banking segment includes Corporate Banking, Markets and Investment Banking. The Corporate Banking activities include loans, deposits and other transactions and balances with corporate customers. Market activities are to assist clients with access to foreign currencies and products that manage market risks. The Retail and Business Banking segment includes Retail Banking, Barclay Card and Business Banking. The Retail and Business Banking activities include loans, deposits", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19651216", "score": "0.8124558", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "CL Financial", "text": "energy, real estate and manufacturing and distribution. The four largest financial institutions in the Group manage assets of over TT$38 billion, over 25 percent of the country’s GDP. The Group’s holdings include the British American Insurance Company Limited, one of the main insurance companies in the Eastern Caribbean. In the Bank’s view, the financial difficulties being faced by CIB and Clico resulted from: According to the statement, the Central Bank, the Ministry of Finance and the CL Financial Group have agreed to a strategy intended to deal with the liquidity challenges of CIB and Clico, and to address the underlying", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5254522", "score": "0.80982053", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Payment and settlement systems in India", "text": "case, neither the receiver of the money need to be registered for mobile banking service of his bank, nor does he need MMID code. IMPS facility differs from NEFT and RTGS as there is no time limit to carry out the transaction. This facility can be availed 24X7 and on all public and bank holidays including RBI holidays. Bharat Bill Payment System(BBPS) is an integrated bill payment system in India offering interoperable and accessible bill payment service to customers through a network of agents, enabling multiple payment modes, and providing instant confirmation of payment. This is still in implementation stage.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11028298", "score": "0.8086196", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Axis Bank", "text": "commercial borrowings. Investment banking and trustee services:The bank provides investment banking and trusteeship services through its owned subsidiaries. Axis Capital Limited provides investment banking services relating to equity capital markets, institutional stock broking besides M&A advisory. Axis Trustee Services Limited is engaged in trusteeship activities, acting as debenture trustee and as trustee to various securitization trusts. The bank continues to offer corporate banking, trade finance, treasury and risk management through the branches at Singapore, Hong Kong, DIFC, Shanghai and Colombo, and also retail liability products from its branches at Hong Kong and Colombo. The representative office at Dhaka was inaugurated", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10671320", "score": "0.80330217", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Bank Ochrony Środowiska", "text": "Bank Ochrony Środowiska Bank Ochrony Środowiska S.A. (BOŚ S.A.) started operations in 1991. It specializes in supporting undertakings and activities contributing to environmental protection. During 24 years of activity BOŚ S.A. allocated approximately 15,1 billion PLN for the financing of ecological projects, only in 2014 the total amount of loans for pro-ecological projects exceeded 1,9 billion PLN. Implementation of invest - ments for environmental protection, credited by the Bank and completed in 2014, contributed to significant environmental effects. BOŚ S.A. is one of Poland's 20 largest banks. Since 1997 its shares have been traded in the primary market of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3297110", "score": "0.7942716", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Reserve Bank of India", "text": "audit and internal audit functions in banks and financial institutions. The audit sub-committee includes deputy governor as the chairman and two Directors of the Central Board as members. The BFS oversees the functioning of Department of Banking Supervision (DBS), Department of Non-Banking Supervision (DNBS) and Financial Institutions Division (FID) and gives directions on the regulatory and supervisory issues. The institution is also the regulator and supervisor of the financial system and prescribes broad parameters of banking operations within which the country's banking and financial system functions. Its objectives are to maintain public confidence in the system, protect depositors' interest and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1962106", "score": "0.7936668", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "CLS Communication", "text": "General Manager for Central Europe. Pius Fellner took on the operational management of the Swiss business of Lionbridge and CLS Communication as of 1 September 2018. In November 2018, CLS Communication moved over to the Lionbridge name and brand. Besides the firm's core business in writing, editing and translating, it also has a terminology department that helps clients set up their own corporate dictionaries and organise their linguistic assets, and offers a machine translation tool. A niche area in which the firm operates is the European standard Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Directives (UCITS IV), which aims to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15831489", "score": "0.793522", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia", "text": "legal and social services needs of newly released individuals, assisting them in making a successful transition back into the community; the program gives special consideration to returning individuals who are not served by the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency. The Civil Legal Services Division (CLS) provides services addressing issues facing children in the juvenile delinquency system. CLS has a team of special education attorneys who are experts in advocacy under the federal Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA). In addition, CLS addresses other rehabilitative needs of these children and of adult clients by providing representation in civil matters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18543175", "score": "0.791748", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Cheque Truncation System", "text": "Cheque Truncation System Cheque Truncation System (CTS) or Image-based Clearing System (ICS), in India, is a project of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), commencing in 2010, for faster clearing of cheques. CTS is based on a cheque truncation or online image-based cheque clearing system where cheque images and magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) data are captured at the collecting bank branch and transmitted electronically. Cheque truncation means stopping the flow of the physical cheques issued by a drawer to the drawee branch. The physical instrument is truncated at some point en route to the drawee branch and an electronic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15501942", "score": "0.7898142", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Social Fund (UK)", "text": "The structure of the BL scheme was adjusted several times since 1988. Buck identifies four periods of policy development. The key development was the move in 1999 to a so-called 'fact-based' approach. The effect of these changes in essence was to severely limit the \"discretion\" involved by DMs in making BL determinations. The changes also involved less focus on the scrutiny of the applicant's need for particular items. Crisis loans (CLs) are intended to help those who have an urgent financial crisis; for example, in consequence of an emergency or disaster such as a fire or flood. CLs are interest", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16918145", "score": "0.7897562", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "CLS Group", "long_answer": "CLS (originally Continuous Linked Settlement) is a specialist US financial institution that provides settlement services to its members in the foreign exchange market (FX). Although the forex market is decentralised and has no central exchange or clearing facility, firms that chose to use CLS to settle their FX transactions can mitigate the settlement risk associated with their trades.", "chunked_long_answer": "CLS (originally Continuous Linked Settlement) is a specialist US financial institution that provides settlement services to its members in the foreign exchange market (FX). Although the forex market is decentralised and has no central exchange or clearing facility, firms that chose to use CLS to settle their FX transactions can mitigate the settlement risk associated with their trades.", "short_answers": [ "foreign exchange market", "the foreign exchange market" ] }

[ "the Executive branch", "the President", "Senate", "the Senate" ]

[ { "title": "Ratification", "text": "Treaty power is a co-ordinated effort between the Executive branch and the Senate. The President may form and negotiate, but the treaty must be advised and consented to by a two-thirds vote in the Senate. Only after the Senate approves the treaty can the President ratify it. Once it is ratified, it becomes binding on all the states under the Supremacy Clause. While the House of Representatives does not vote on it at all, the requirement for the Senate's advice and consent to ratification makes it considerably more difficult to rally enough political support for international treaties. Also, if implementation", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "United States Treaties and Other International Agreements", "text": ", adding . Case-Zablocki Act requirements were modified by , which also mandated publishing on the Internet. United States Treaties and Other International Agreements The United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (UST) contains all treaties and international agreements of the United States since 1950. It is published annually from \"slip\" treaties of the Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS). The Secretary of State is responsible for its compilation, editing, indexing, and publication. The laws pertaining to reporting are located at ; regulations on reporting are contained at . Treaties and international agreements were formally published in United States", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9414375", "score": "0.96512085", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "United States Treaties and Other International Agreements", "text": "United States Treaties and Other International Agreements The United States Treaties and Other International Agreements (UST) contains all treaties and international agreements of the United States since 1950. It is published annually from \"slip\" treaties of the Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS). The Secretary of State is responsible for its compilation, editing, indexing, and publication. The laws pertaining to reporting are located at ; regulations on reporting are contained at . Treaties and international agreements were formally published in United States Statutes at Large until 1948. It was created when Congress implemented Reorganization Plan 20 of 1950 in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9414374", "score": "0.95633936", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "United States and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea", "text": "treaty ratificiation. However, Senator Lisa Murkowski later said that the vote to deny passage in 2012 was purely political and that the U.S. Chamber of Commerce would deliver enough Republican votes for passage in the lame duck session. In the United States there has been vigorous debate over the ratification of the treaty, with criticism coming mainly from political conservatives who consider involvement in some international organizations and treaties as detrimental to U.S. national interests. A group of Republican senators led by Jim Inhofe of Oklahoma blocked American ratification of the Convention, claiming that it would impinge on U.S. sovereignty.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13361502", "score": "0.9460654", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Foreign policy of the United States", "text": "with President Donald Trump. The \"New York Times\" reported on the eve of his first foreign trip as president: Trump has numerous aides giving advice on foreign policy. The chief diplomat was Secretary of State Rex Tillerson. His major foreign policy positions, which sometimes are at odds with Trump, include: In the United States, there are three types of treaty-related law: In contrast to most other nations, the United States considers the three types of agreements as distinct. Further, the United States incorporates treaty law into the body of U.S. federal law. As a result, Congress can modify or repeal", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "93032", "score": "0.92211586", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Treaties and Other International Acts Series", "text": "Treaties and Other International Acts Series The Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS) are a series of pamphlets or \"slip\" treaties published by the United States Department of State under the authority of the United States Secretary of State. , codified at , mentions them as alternatives to the edition of the laws and treaties of the United States published by Little and Brown and publications of the laws of the United States issued under the authority of the Archivist of the United States. Regulations on reporting are contained at . They replaced the \"Treaty Series\" (TS or USTS),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9414366", "score": "0.91879785", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Treaty", "text": "congressional support on matters that require the Congress to pass implementing legislation or appropriate funds as well as for agreements that impose long-term, complex legal obligations on the US. For example, the deal by the United States, Iran, and other countries is not a treaty. See the article on the Bricker Amendment for history of the relationship between treaty powers and Constitutional provisions. The US Supreme Court ruled in the Head Money Cases that \"treaties\" do not have a privileged position over Acts of Congress and can be repealed or modified, for the purposes of US law, by any subsequent", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "412382", "score": "0.90708333", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Treaties and Other International Acts Series", "text": "issued singly in pamphlets until 1945, and the \"Executive Agreement Series\" (EAS), issued singly in pamphlets until 1945. Treaties and Other International Acts Series The Treaties and Other International Acts Series (TIAS) are a series of pamphlets or \"slip\" treaties published by the United States Department of State under the authority of the United States Secretary of State. , codified at , mentions them as alternatives to the edition of the laws and treaties of the United States published by Little and Brown and publications of the laws of the United States issued under the authority of the Archivist of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9414367", "score": "0.90447015", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "History of international law", "text": "nations to take treaties very seriously. Modern nations engage in a two-step procedure for entering into treaties. The first step is signing the treaty. Being a signatory to a treaty means that a country intends to enter into the agreement. The second step is ratifying the treaty. A country that has ratified a treaty has gone beyond merely intending to enter into the agreement, and is now bound by it. This is a critical distinction, and sometimes a point of confusion. A nation may be a signatory to a treaty for many years without ever having ratified it. Each country", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7063406", "score": "0.9036004", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Depositary", "text": "British Library. The United States Department of State is currently the depositary for more than 200 multilateral treaties, including the Charter of the United Nations, Convention on International Civil Aviation, North Atlantic Treaty, Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, and the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Generally, the United States executes its responsibilities in accordance with the will of each individual treaty or, in lieu of such provision, as per the Vienna Convention on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16257921", "score": "0.89760137", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Treaty", "text": "For subjects on the concurrent list, both governments can make laws. However, to implement international treaties, Parliament can legislate on any subject and even override the general division of subject lists. In the United States, the term \"treaty\" has a different, more restricted legal sense than in international law. US law distinguishes what it calls \"treaties\" from \"executive agreements\", which are either \"congressional-executive agreements\" or \"sole executive agreements\". The classes are all equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only in internal US law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Treaties require advice and consent by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "412380", "score": "0.89733744", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Head of state", "text": "lesser rank, such as a Chargé d'affaires, is accredited to the minister of foreign affairs (or equivalent). The head of state is often designated the high contracting party in international treaties on behalf of the state; signs them either personally or has them signed in his/her name by ministers (government members or diplomats); subsequent ratification, when necessary, may rest with the legislature. The treaties constituting the European Union and the European Communities are noteworthy contemporary cases of multilateral treaties cast in this traditional format, as are the accession agreements of new member states. However, rather than being invariably concluded between", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "175270", "score": "0.8964281", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy", "text": "High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (abbreviated HR or HR/VP, the latter reflecting the vice presidency of the Commission) is the chief co-ordinator and representative of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) within the European Union (EU). The position is currently held by Federica Mogherini. The post was created under the Treaty of Amsterdam as the High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy; it then was occupied by Javier Solana for ten years until it was aggrandised following the Lisbon Treaty", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3323356", "score": "0.89544654", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Burn Up (miniseries)", "text": "chaos that will be unleashed if Masud’s data is published. The hard-line Robert Cooper is appointed as the new US delegate and goes back on the agreements of his predecessor. The Chinese delegate makes approaches to McConnell and the Green Congress so Crowley brokers a deal with them to sign Kyoto II. Dernay tries to bluff Mack and he warns her off but he is too late and she is killed. Mack confronts his boss who threatens to go after McConnell next to get the data. Cooper agrees a sideline treaty with the Chinese and walks out without signing Kyoto", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12079621", "score": "0.893831", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Bricker Amendment", "text": "they also make domestic law. Under our Constitution, treaties become the Supreme Law of the Land. They are indeed more supreme than ordinary laws, for Congressional laws are invalid if they do not conform to the Constitution, whereas treaty laws can override the Constitution.\" Dulles said the power to make treaties \"is an extraordinary power liable to abuse.\" Senator Everett Dirksen, a Republican of Illinois, declared, \"we are in a new era of international organizations. They are grinding out treaties like so many eager beavers which will have effects on the rights of American citizens.\" Eisenhower's Attorney General Herbert Brownell", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7406913", "score": "0.8886756", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "United Nations Office of Legal Affairs", "text": "of Legal Affairs is a United Nations office currently administered by Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs and Legal Counsel of the United Nations Miguel de Serpa Soares. The Office consists of six divisions: The Office of Legal Affairs, through its Treaty Section, discharges the depositary functions of the Secretary-General under more than 560 multilateral treaties, including the custody of originals and the receipt of signatures and instruments of ratification, accession, etc. The Office is also responsible for the registration and publication of treaties and international agreements under Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. After their adoption, Treaties as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5328687", "score": "0.886127", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Foreign policy of the United States", "text": "Convention on the Law of Treaties represents established law. Generally, when the U.S. signs a treaty, it is binding. However, as a result of the \"Reid v. Covert\" decision, the U.S. adds a reservation to the text of every treaty that says, in effect, that the U.S. intends to abide by the treaty, but if the treaty is found to be in violation of the Constitution, then the U.S. legally can't abide by the treaty since the U.S. signature would be \"ultra vires\". The United States has ratified and participates in many other multilateral treaties, including arms control treaties (especially", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "93034", "score": "0.8858343", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Ratification", "text": "Constitution so the Australian Government may enter into a binding treaty without seeking parliamentary approval. However, implementation of treaties requires legislation by the Australian parliament, following Section 51(xxix) of the Australian Constitution, signed by the Governor-General of Australia. In Japan, in principle both houses of the parliament (the National Diet) must approve the treaty for ratification. If the House of Councilors rejects a treaty approved by the House of Representatives, and a joint committee of both houses cannot come to agreement on amendments to the original text of the treaty, or the House of Councilors fails to decide on a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2522194", "score": "0.87729025", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Jaime Aparicio Otero", "text": "by the 34 countries of the Organization of American States (OAS). The Committee, headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, is an advisory body in juridical matters of an international nature and also advises on juridical problems related to the countries of the Americas. The Committee had a leading role in drafting the Inter-American Anti-Corruption Treaty, the resolution on Essential Elements of Representative Democracy and the Ten Principles of Access to Public Information From May 1997 to December 2002, he worked at the Organization of American States first as Senior Advisor to the Secretary General and former President of Colombia César Gaviria", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17450413", "score": "0.8751409", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Sarah Cleveland", "text": "March 2014, Cleveland was nominated by the U.S. government to serve as an independent expert on the Human Rights Committee, the United Nations treaty body that monitors state implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The committee holds three month-long meetings each year to review state implementation of the multilateral treaty. The states parties to the multilateral treaty elected her to the committee on June 24, 2014. Her four-year term on the committee began on January 1, 2015. Cleveland is the U.S. Observer Member to the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe, a member of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11302983", "score": "0.8750431", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Treaty of Big Tree", "text": "Tall Chief, Little Beard and others; the clan mothers of the nation; and Mary Jemison. Those in attendance representing the United States were: Colonel Jeremiah Wadsworth, Commissioner, assigned by President George Washington to represent the United States government; Captain Charles Williamson and Thomas Morris, representing his father; Robert Morris; General William Shepard, representing Massachusetts; William Bayard, representing New York; Theophilus Cazenove and Paolo Busti, representatives for the Holland Land Company; Captain Israel Chapin, representing the Department of Indian Affairs; Joseph Ellicott, land surveyor; and James Rees as acting secretary. The official interpreters were Horatio Jones and Jasper Parrish. All of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14024578", "score": "0.8728143", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Torrijos–Carter Treaties", "text": "in the United States Congress, notably House Joint Resolution 77 (HJR 77) introduced by Helen Chenoweth-Hage, to declare the Carter–Torrijos treaties null and void. Despite the fact that the pullout of the United States is now complete, there are still organizations (primarily conservative ones such as the John Birch Society) that urge the United States to declare the treaty null and void, saying that the Spanish text is different from the English text. Support of HJR 77 was part of the 2000 platform of the Texas Republican Party but no longer appeared in the 2004 platform. Further criticism arose when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3309333", "score": "0.87200123", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Esther Brimmer", "text": "and \"The European Union Constitutional Treaty: A Guide for Americans\" (2004), and she is the author of \"The United States, the European Union and International Human Rights Issues\" (2002). Esther Brimmer Esther Diane Brimmer (born 1961) is an American foreign policy expert and former Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs. In June 2013, she left her post as Assistant Secretary and returned to academia. In January 2017, she became the executive director and CEO of . From October 2013 to January, 2017, she served as the J.B. and Maurice C. Shapiro Professor of International Affairs at the George", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7004707", "score": "0.8695603", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "APEC Peru 2016", "text": "sideline meeting about the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TTP), President Barack Obama briefed leaders of signatory states of the partnership about the status of the treaty, and its support by the US Congress and businessmen. A consensus was reach among the signatory states that the TTP must be realized and will only look for an alternative if the United States later decides not to take part of it. There were concerns over the fate of the treaty due to incoming U.S. President Donald Trump's opposition to the deal. It is reported that if either Japan or the United States back out the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19154955", "score": "0.8694525", "original_retrieval_index": 45 }, { "title": "Treaty", "text": "have communicated (or exchanged) their full powers (i.e., the official documents appointing them to act on behalf of their respective high contracting party) and found them in good or proper form. However, under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties if the representative is the head of state, head of government or minister of foreign affairs, no special document is needed, as holding such high office is sufficient. The end of the preamble and the start of the actual agreement is often signaled by the words \"have agreed as follows\". After the preamble comes numbered articles, which contain the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "412346", "score": "0.86919975", "original_retrieval_index": 46 }, { "title": "Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe", "text": "pillars of the European Union in previous treaties). Specifically: Under the TCE, the role of High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy would be amalgamated with the role of the Commissioner for External Relations. This would create a new Union Minister for Foreign Affairs who would also be a Vice President of the Commission. This individual would be responsible for co-ordinating foreign policy across the Union, representing the EU abroad in areas where member states agree to speak with one voice. More day-to-day decisions in the Council of Ministers would be to be taken by qualified majority voting,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1781890", "score": "0.8691069", "original_retrieval_index": 47 }, { "title": "Judicially Murdered", "text": "officially becomes war chief. The second day of treaty-signing among Stevens and the Indian Chiefs commences. The day progresses with the American side urging for the immediate signing of the treaty that would settle everything, peacefully. Deceit emerges once again through the Americans as negotiator, Simmons, who continues to pursue unethical means of persuasion with the Indians with his constant badgering, sly promises, alcohol, and prominent threats. Meanwhile, Devin and Stevens sit down, and Stevens foreshadows just how much power he actually holds by confronting Devin about Devin’s secret meetings with the Indian Counsels for the past few nights. Stevens", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12874810", "score": "0.8691021", "original_retrieval_index": 48 }, { "title": "Seventieth anniversary of the United Nations", "text": "negotiations for the pending bill on reforms of the Security Council. The efforts behind are attributed to all the countries and especially to UN General Assembly former President Sam Kutesa who supported the action on the draft decision and took the process one step forward. The UN treaty office organised a very crucial treaty event in New York City, which was a special event where Santiago Villalpando, the Chief of the UN Office of Legal Affairs Treaty Section, addressed all the signatories to sign on to or to ratify or accede to multilateral treaties, they had promised earlier. About 560", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19056688", "score": "0.863721", "original_retrieval_index": 51 }, { "title": "Robert Lighthizer", "text": "the U.S. Trade Representative as well as a waiver of section 141(b)(4) of the Trade Act of 1974. Lighthizer was confirmed as the 18th U.S. Trade Representative on May 11, 2017, by a margin of 82–14. He was sworn in by Vice President Mike Pence on May 15, 2017. Three days later, on May 18, Lighthizer notified Congress that President Trump intended to renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which would make him the first USTR to renegotiate a major U.S. free trade agreement. According to multiple media reports, Lightizer became one of the most influential Trump Administration", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19926331", "score": "0.86224926", "original_retrieval_index": 52 }, { "title": "Ratification", "text": "Ratification Ratification is a principal's approval of an act of its agent that lacked the authority to bind the principal legally. Ratification defines the international act in which a state indicates its consent to be bound to a treaty if the parties intended to show their consent by such an act. In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments, and in the case of multilateral treaties, the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the ratifications of all states, keeping all parties informed of the situation. The institution of ratification grants states", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2522185", "score": "0.8602462", "original_retrieval_index": 56 } ]

{ "title": "Ratification", "long_answer": "Treaty power is a co-ordinated effort between the Executive branch and the Senate. The President may form and negotiate, but the treaty must be advised and consented to by a two-thirds vote in the Senate. Only after the Senate approves the treaty can the President ratify it. Once it is ratified, it becomes binding on all the states under the Supremacy Clause. While the House of Representatives does not vote on it at all, the requirement for the Senate's advice and consent to ratification makes it considerably more difficult to rally enough political support for international treaties. Also, if implementation of the treaty requires the expenditure of funds, the House of Representatives may be able to block or at least impede such implementation by refusing to vote for the appropriation of the necessary funds.", "chunked_long_answer": "Treaty power is a co-ordinated effort between the Executive branch and the Senate. The President may form and negotiate, but the treaty must be advised and consented to by a two-thirds vote in the Senate. Only after the Senate approves the treaty can the President ratify it. Once it is ratified, it becomes binding on all the states under the Supremacy Clause. While the House of Representatives does not vote on it at all, the requirement for the Senate's advice and consent to ratification makes it considerably more difficult to rally enough political support for international treaties. Also, if implementation", "short_answers": [ "Senate", "the Senate", "the Executive branch", "the President", "the Senate" ] }

[ "36 passengers" ]

[ { "title": "Hindenburg disaster", "text": "The Hindenburg disaster occurred on May 6, 1937, as the German passenger airship LZ 129 Hindenburg caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring mast at Naval Air Station Lakehurst in Manchester Township, New Jersey, United States. Of the 97 people on board (36 passengers and 61 crewmen), there were 35 fatalities (13 passengers and 22 crewmen). One worker on the ground was also killed, raising the final death toll to 36.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "LZ 129 Hindenburg", "text": "German Air Ministry, the Zeppelin company's eight airship captains, 47 other crew members, and 30 dockyard employees who flew as passengers. Harold G. Dick was the only non-Luftschiffbau representative aboard. Although the name \"Hindenburg\" had been quietly selected by Eckener over a year earlier, only the airship's formal registration number (D-LZ129) and the five Olympic rings (promoting the 1936 Summer Olympics to be held in Berlin that August) were displayed on the hull during its trial flights. As the airship passed over Munich on its second trial flight the next afternoon, the city's Lord Mayor, Karl Fiehler, asked Eckener by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "663791", "score": "1.1091924", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "LZ 129 Hindenburg", "text": "Löwenthal on March 29 to prepare for its first commercial passenger flight, a transatlantic passage to Rio de Janeiro scheduled to depart from there on March 31. Hugo Eckener was not to be the commander of the flight, however, but was instead relegated to being a \"supervisor\" with no operational control over \"Hindenburg\" while Ernst Lehmann had command of the airship. To add insult to injury, Eckener learned from an Associated Press reporter upon \"Hindenburg's\" arrival in Rio that Goebbels had also followed through on his month-old threat to decree that Eckener's name would \"no longer be mentioned in German", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "663800", "score": "1.1062773", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Disaster tourism", "text": "docking attempt at the Lakehurst Naval Air Station, just outside Lakehurst, New Jersey. With the cause of the fire unknown and a death toll of thirty-seven passengers, the Hindenburg disaster became one of the biggest news stories of its time. Today, a bronze plaque and cement outline the site of the incident. Immediately east of the crash site, volunteers of the Navy Lakehurst Historical Society will conduct public tours of Historic Hangar One, the location where the Hindenburg was kept. On the morning of April 26, 1986, the number four reactor of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded, producing airborne", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5442685", "score": "1.0884887", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "LZ 129 Hindenburg", "text": "LZ 129 Hindenburg LZ 129 \"Hindenburg\" (; Registration: D-LZ 129) was a large German commercial passenger-carrying rigid airship, the lead ship of the \"Hindenburg\" class, the longest class of flying machine and the largest airship by envelope volume. It was designed and built by the Zeppelin Company (\"Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH\") on the shores of Lake Constance in Friedrichshafen and was operated by the German Zeppelin Airline Company (\"Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei\"). The airship flew from March 1936 until it was destroyed by fire 14 months later on May 6, 1937 while attempting to land at Lakehurst Naval Air Station in Manchester Township,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "663781", "score": "1.0793499", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Hindenburg disaster", "text": "to shuttle the passengers from Lakehurst to Newark for connections to airplane flights. Except for strong headwinds that slowed its progress, the Atlantic crossing of the \"Hindenburg\" was otherwise unremarkable until the airship attempted an early-evening landing at Lakehurst three days later on May 6. Although carrying only half its full capacity of passengers (36 of 70) and crewmen (61, including 21 crewman trainees) for the accident flight, the \"Hindenburg\" was fully booked for its return flight. Many of the passengers with tickets to Germany were planning to attend the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in London", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7778745", "score": "1.0783588", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "LZ 129 Hindenburg", "text": "scrapped in 1940. LZ 129 Hindenburg LZ 129 \"Hindenburg\" (; Registration: D-LZ 129) was a large German commercial passenger-carrying rigid airship, the lead ship of the \"Hindenburg\" class, the longest class of flying machine and the largest airship by envelope volume. It was designed and built by the Zeppelin Company (\"Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH\") on the shores of Lake Constance in Friedrichshafen and was operated by the German Zeppelin Airline Company (\"Deutsche Zeppelin-Reederei\"). The airship flew from March 1936 until it was destroyed by fire 14 months later on May 6, 1937 while attempting to land at Lakehurst Naval Air Station", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "663818", "score": "1.0732366", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "LZ 129 Hindenburg", "text": "flights to both North and South America originated at the airport at Frankfurt am Main. Although designed and built for commercial transatlantic passenger, air freight, and mail service, at the behest of the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (\"Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda\" or \"Propagandaministerium\"), \"Hindenburg\" was first pressed into use by the Air Ministry (its DLZ co-operator) as a vehicle for the delivery of Nazi propaganda. On March 7, 1936, ground forces of the German Reich had entered and occupied the Rhineland, a region bordering the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France, which had been designated in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "663795", "score": "1.0687203", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Hindenburg (film)", "text": "wreckage is examined for the inquiry before being cleaned up. The film transitions back to color, with Herbert Morrison's memorable radio commentary played back, and the \"Hindenburg\" is seen flying once again, only to disappear into the clouds before the closing credits are shown. Many of the fictional characters are based on actual people. For example: Franz Ritter is based on Fritz Erdmann, Karl Boerth is based on Eric Spehl, as well as a few others. (*) Beside name indicates actual historical person Director Robert Wise, known for an attention to detail and background research, began to collect documents and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3087782", "score": "1.0675308", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Hindenburg (film)", "text": "bomb to 7:30, when the airship should have landed and passengers disembarked. While setting up the bomb, Boerth drops the knife part which is recovered by rigger Ludecke. To cover up the loss of his knife, Boerth steals a knife from fellow rigger Ludwig Knorr. Vogel starts to work behind Ritter's back, arresting Boerth and confiscating the Countess's passport. As the airship approaches Lakehurst Naval Air Station at 7:00, Ritter realizes the bomb will explode before the ship can land and searches for Boerth to ask where the bomb is. Vogel is caught by Ritter in the cargo bay interrogating", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3087779", "score": "1.0641932", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Hindenburg (film)", "text": "film footage on the real-life \"Hindenburg\" for over a year at the National Archives in London, the National Air and Space Museum Library and Archives in Washington, D.C. as well as in Germany. In 1974, while casting took place in United States, pre-production photography was undertaken in Munich (doubling for Frankfurt), Milwaukee, New York and Washington, D.C. Naval Air Station Lakehurst, New Jersey would also be a primary location, but Marine Corps Air Station Tustin near Los Angeles (and the Universal Studios sound stages), where two 1,000 ft hangars constructed for airships still existed, doubled for the original \"Hindenburg\" mooring", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3087783", "score": "1.0611289", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Werner Franz (Hindenburg)", "text": "Werner Franz (Hindenburg) Werner Franz (May 22, 1922 – August 13, 2014) was the cabin boy aboard the ill-fated LZ 129 \"Hindenburg\" which crashed on May 6, 1937. At the time of the crash he was only 14 years old. He was the last known surviving crew member of the \"Hindenburg\" as of his death in 2014. On the airship he was in charge of serving all of the ship's officers and crew. Later on in life he became an ice and roller skate coach. Some of his pupils include Olympic silver medalist Marika Kilius and her partner Franz Ningel.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20060355", "score": "1.0498059", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Hindenburg (film)", "text": "clues turn out to be red herrings, such as acrobat Joe Spah (Robert Clary) sketching the ship's interior as an idea for a Vaudeville show and mysterious names which later turned out to be the name of race horses on board the \"Queen Mary\" (where Douglas' competitor is travelling). Across the Atlantic, the flight slowed down by thunderstorms as well as a rip in the fabric of the upper port tail fin. Hiding from Ritter, the rigger Karl Boerth (William Atherton) tripped on a cable, causing the rip. The next day, the riggers Boerth and Ludwig Knorr (Ted Gehring) are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3087776", "score": "1.0484233", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Frankfurt Airport", "text": "127 \" Graf Zeppelin \" and LZ 129 \" Hindenburg \". In 1938 Frankfurt was a central distribution point for the transport of airmail to North America. On 6 May 1937, it came to a serious accident: The \" Hindenburg \", on the way from Frankfurt to New York, exploded shortly before application in the landing area of Lakehurst, 36 people died. The accident marked the end of the regular air shipping traffic and the end of the era of airships. After the beginning of World War II in 1939 all foreign airlines left the airport and control of air", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1840522", "score": "1.0466628", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Hindenburg: The Untold Story", "text": "Hindenburg: The Untold Story Hindenburg: The Untold Story known in Germany as Das Geheimnis der Hindenburg (\"The Secret of the Hindenburg\") and Die Hindenburg: die ungeklärte Katastrophe, is a two-hour docudrama about the disaster of the \"Hindenburg\", and the investigation that followed. It aired on May 6, 2007, to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the disaster. It was commissioned by Channel 4, ZDF, and the Smithsonian Networks to be produced by Pioneer Productions and has also aired on Discovery Channel Canada. Its original working title was Hindenburg and is also known as Hindenburg: Titanic of the skies (which should not", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10193449", "score": "1.0453508", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Friedrich Karl von Koenig-Warthausen", "text": "injuring his leg. He spent the next two months recuperating, and was also informed that if he could reach New York before 31 October he would win the Hindenburg Cup for 1930. He left El Paso on 15 September, but when landing at Sweetwater, Texas, his aircraft ground looped and nosed over. He was forced to wait while a complete wing and other spare parts arrived from the Aeromarine-Klemm Corp. in New York, and his aircraft was transported to Dallas, where repairs were made. Koenig-Warthausen's next flew to St. Louis and Chicago, but after landing in Detroit on 17 October,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8903551", "score": "1.0432934", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Hindenburg (film)", "text": "both operate independently in investigating the background of all passengers and crew on the voyage. Ritter has reason to suspect everyone, even his old friend, Countess Ursula von Reugen (Anne Bancroft), whose Baltic estate in Peenemunde had been taken over by the Nazis and appears to be escaping Germany to visit her daughter in Boston. Other prime suspects include card sharks Emilio Pajetta (Burgess Meredith) and Major Napier (René Auberjonois), Edward Douglas (Gig Young), a suspicious German-American ad executive, as well as several crew members and even the \"Hindenburg\" captains Pruss (Charles Durning) and Lehmann (Richard A. Dysart). Many possible", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3087775", "score": "1.0367426", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Hindenburg disaster", "text": "were also valved. As these measures failed to bring the ship in trim, six men (three of whom were killed in the accident) were then sent to the bow to trim the airship. At 7:21, while the \"Hindenburg\" was at an altitude of , the mooring lines were dropped from the bow; the starboard line was dropped first, followed by the port line. The port line was overtightened as it was connected to the post of the ground winch. The starboard line had still not been connected. A light rain began to fall as the ground crew grabbed the mooring", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7778750", "score": "1.0367074", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin II", "text": "and transported from the shed to the hangar using tracks on the field. 14 February 1937 – The nose cone was installed. In the same month, the fabric was also applied over the framework. 6 May 1937 – The LZ 129 \"Hindenburg\" bursts into flames and crashes while landing at Lakehurst, NJ, killing 35 out of 97 people on board and one member of the ground crew. Although the LZ 130 was planned to be launched later in the year with a passenger flight route to Rio de Janeiro on October 27, the disaster halted this plan and prompted several", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5743572", "score": "1.0364491", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Hindenburg disaster", "text": "endorsed the static spark hypothesis. At the time on a lecture tour in Austria, he was awakened at about 2:30 in the morning (8:30 p.m. Lakehurst time, or approximately an hour after the crash) by the ringing of his bedside telephone. It was a Berlin representative of the \"New York Times\" with news that the \"Hindenburg\" \"exploded yesterday evening at 7 p.m. above the airfield at Lakehurst.\" By the time he left the hotel the next morning to travel to Berlin for a briefing on the disaster, the only answer that he had for the reporters waiting outside to question", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7778777", "score": "1.0360245", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "LZ 129 Hindenburg", "text": "testing. After making the first South American flight of the 1937 season in late March, \"Hindenburg\" left Frankfurt for Lakehurst on the evening of 3 May, on its first scheduled round trip between Europe and North America that season. Although strong headwinds slowed the crossing, the flight had otherwise proceeded routinely as it approached for a landing three days later. \"Hindenburg\"s arrival on 6 May was delayed for several hours to avoid a line of thunderstorms passing over Lakehurst, but around 7:00 pm the airship was cleared for its final approach to the Naval Air Station, which it made at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "663813", "score": "1.0356044", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "LZ 129 Hindenburg", "text": "be balanced on end atop a tablet without falling. Its launches were so smooth that passengers often missed them, believing the airship was still docked to its mooring mast. A one way fare between Germany and the United States was US$400; \"Hindenburg\" passengers were affluent, usually entertainers, noted sportsmen, political figures, and leaders of industry. \"Hindenburg\" was used again for propaganda when it flew over the Olympic Stadium in Berlin on August 1 during the opening ceremonies of the 1936 Summer Olympic Games. Shortly before the arrival of Adolf Hitler to declare the Games open, the airship crossed low over", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "663809", "score": "1.0287054", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Hindenburg disaster", "text": "put forward for both the cause of ignition and the initial fuel for the ensuing fire. The event shattered public confidence in the giant, passenger-carrying rigid airship and marked the abrupt end of the airship era. After opening its 1937 season by completing a single round-trip passage to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in late March, the \"Hindenburg\" departed from Frankfurt, Germany, on the evening of May 3, on the first of 10 round trips between Europe and the United States that were scheduled for its second year of commercial service. American Airlines had contracted with the operators of the \"Hindenburg\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7778744", "score": "1.0266808", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "LZ 129 Hindenburg", "text": "radio the LZ129's name, to which he replied \"\"Hindenburg\"\". On March 23, \"Hindenburg\" made its first passenger and mail flight, carrying 80 reporters from Friedrichshafen to Löwenthal. The ship flew over Lake Constance with \"Graf Zeppelin\". The name \"Hindenburg\" lettered in red Fraktur script (designed by Berlin advertiser Georg Wagner) was added to its hull three weeks later before the \"Deutschlandfahrt\" on March 26, no formal naming ceremony for the airship was ever held. The airship was operated commercially by the Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei (DZR) GmbH, which had been established by Hermann Göring in March 1935 to increase Nazi influence", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "663792", "score": "1.0253637", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Airship", "text": "was recording the arrival. This was a disaster that theater goers could see and hear in newsreels. The \"Hindenburg\" disaster shattered public confidence in airships, and brought a definitive end to their \"golden age\". The day after the \"Hindenburg\" crashed, the \"Graf Zeppelin\" landed at the end of its flight from Brazil. This was the last international passenger airship flight. \"Hindenburg\"s sister ship, the \"Graf Zeppelin II\" (LZ 130), could not carry commercial passengers without helium, which the United States refused to sell to Germany during wartime. The \"Graf Zeppelin\" made several test flights and conducted some electronic espionage until", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "685544", "score": "1.0227071", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Hindenburg disaster", "text": "Before the airship's takeoff on March 26, 1936, Ernst Lehmann chose to launch the \"Hindenburg\" with the wind blowing from behind the airship, instead of into the wind as per standard procedure. During the takeoff, the airship's tail struck the ground, and part of the lower fin was broken. Although that damage was repaired, the force of the impact may have caused internal damage. Only six days before the disaster, it was planned to make the \"Hindenburg\" have a hook on her hull to carry aircraft in a similar way to what the US Navy did with the USS \"Akron\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7778819", "score": "1.022489", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Hindenburg disaster", "text": "surviving crew member when he died at the age of 92 on August 13, 2014. The last surviving passenger is Werner G. Doehner (b. 1928), a retired electrical engineer who was an eight-year-old child traveling with his parents, brother, and sister at the time of the accident. His father and sister died in the disaster. When the control car crashed onto the ground, most of the officers leapt through the windows, but became separated. First Officer Captain Albert Sammt found Captain Max Pruss trying to re-enter the wreckage to look for survivors. Pruss's face was badly burned, and he required", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7778770", "score": "1.0214753", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Ernst A. Lehmann", "text": "apparently believed that the \"Hindenburg\" was sabotaged. He came out of the burning wreckage saying \"I don't understand it.\" During a deathbed conversation with Commander Charles Emery Rosendahl, he said \"it must have been an infernal machine.\" Lehmann's two-year-old son had died on Easter Sunday, 28 March 1937, a few weeks prior to the \"Hindenburg's\" last crossing and he did not really want to make the voyage. Lehmann accepted the assignment with the hope that by doing so he might have the opportunity to speak to US authorities about the use of Helium gas in the German airships. Before and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9697277", "score": "1.019072", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "LZ 129 Hindenburg", "text": "The ten westward trips that season took 53 to 78 hours and eastward took 43 to 61 hours. The last eastward trip of the year left Lakehurst on October 10; the first North Atlantic trip of 1937 ended in the Hindenburg disaster. In May and June 1936, \"Hindenburg\" made surprise visits to England. In May it was on a flight from America to Germany when it flew low over the West Yorkshire town of Keighley. A parcel was then thrown overboard and landed in the High Street. Two boys, Alfred Butler and Jack Gerrard, retrieved it and found the contents", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "663806", "score": "1.0186989", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Hindenburg (film)", "text": "The Hindenburg (film) The Hindenburg is a 1975 American Technicolor film based on the disaster of the German airship \"Hindenburg\". The film stars George C. Scott. It was produced and directed by Robert Wise, and was written by Nelson Gidding, Richard Levinson and William Link, based on the 1972 book of the same title by Michael M. Mooney. A highly speculative thriller, the film and the book it is based on depict a conspiracy of sabotage leading to the destruction of the airship. In reality, while the Zeppelins were certainly used as a propaganda symbol by the Third Reich, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3087772", "score": "1.0172347", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Hindenburg disaster", "long_answer": "The Hindenburg disaster occurred on May 6, 1937, as the German passenger airship LZ 129 Hindenburg caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring mast at Naval Air Station Lakehurst in Manchester Township, New Jersey, United States. Of the 97 people on board (36 passengers and 61 crewmen), there were 35 fatalities (13 passengers and 22 crewmen). One worker on the ground was also killed, raising the final death toll to 36.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Hindenburg disaster occurred on May 6, 1937, as the German passenger airship LZ 129 Hindenburg caught fire and was destroyed during its attempt to dock with its mooring mast at Naval Air Station Lakehurst in Manchester Township, New Jersey, United States. Of the 97 people on board (36 passengers and 61 crewmen), there were 35 fatalities (13 passengers and 22 crewmen). One worker on the ground was also killed, raising the final death toll to 36.", "short_answers": [ "36 passengers" ] }

[ "Susan Seaforth Hayes", "Susan Seaforth", "Bill Hayes" ]

[ { "title": "Doug Williams and Julie Olson", "text": "Douglas Williams and Julie Olson Williams are fictional characters and a supercouple from the American daytime drama Days of Our Lives. Doug and Julie are considered to be the first supercouple in daytime television history. Doug is portrayed by Bill Hayes and Julie is portrayed by Susan Seaforth Hayes. The actors are married in real life and also still recur in their roles that made them famous on NBC's Days of our Lives.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives", "text": "first to bring the show to prominence, and put it near the top of the Nielsen daytime ratings. Another love triangle, between lounge singer Doug Williams, Tom and Alice's daughter Addie, and Addie's own daughter, Julie, proved to be very popular around the same time. The storyline culminated in the death of Addie in 1974 and the marriage of Doug and Julie in 1976. In the early 1980s, the Brady and DiMera families were introduced, and their rivalry quickly cemented their places as core families in Salem beside the Hortons. Around the same time, with the help of head writers", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15665868", "score": "1.2154276", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Julie Olson Williams", "text": "work on \"Days\". She has also won two Soapy Awards for Best Actress and Favorite Romantic Female in 1977. She has been described as a legend, and television icon for the soap. Julie was born on March 31, 1949, to Addie Horton and Ben Olson. As \"Days of our Lives\" begins in 1965, Julie is a rebellious teenager part of the series's Horton family. In the first episode, Julie steals an expensive mink from a department store and is caught by a security guard and arrested. Julie moves in with her grandparents, Tom and Alice Horton, when her parents move", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10276803", "score": "1.2144431", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Susan Seaforth Hayes", "text": "her work on the daytime soap opera \"Days of Our Lives\" in the role of Julie Olson Williams, which she played continuously from 1968 to 1984 and again from 1990 to 1993, with recurring appearances in 1994 and 1996. Since 1999, she has appeared on the show in a recurring capacity, often doing double duty between \"Days\" and \"Y&R\", in one case appearing on both shows on the very same day, a feat possible because of their different shooting and airing schedules. For her work on \"Days\", Seaforth Hayes has received four Daytime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actress", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3230655", "score": "1.2094716", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "and undo the divorce. However, Julie had made up her mind. She claimed to love Doug too much to watch his love turn to pity. So despite Doug's pleas to the contrary, she moved out. They later reconciled. Doug is now retired and spends his time traveling with wife Julie. In 2008, Doug and Julie returned to Salem for the holiday celebrations at Alice's and at Salem University Hospital. They returned again on December 24, 2009 for the Horton Family Christmas. Julie gave Bo and Hope advice on saving their marriage. On December 31, 2009 Julie and Doug were planning", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250697", "score": "1.2090302", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "late at night. Fortunately, he survived it with minor injuries. At long last, Doug and Julie's wedding day finally arrived and a perfect wedding followed. Although Kim loomed in the shadows of the Church, she refrained from causing any problems, knowing all too well that she had finally lost Doug. Doug and Julie topped off their nuptials with a month-long honeymoon in Europe, taking the Honeymoon Express throughout several countries. In the meantime, Kim said good-bye to Doug and to Salem. Married life for Doug and Julie was pretty uneventful. However, in the fall of 1977, a businessman named Larry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250680", "score": "1.2050409", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "Addie remained quiet about Julie's affair with Doug and his other secrets. As time passed, Doug and Addie began to get along much better and somehow their former rivalry turned into a close friendship. Meanwhile, Doug confronted his wife, Kim Douglas, and asked for a divorce. Despite Kim's protests, she finally agreed to the divorce and left Salem. In the summer of 1972, the time came for Doug and Julie to elope. Her divorce petition was just about ready, and he had the arrangements for their Italian honeymoon all set. But at the last minute, Doug and Julie had a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250668", "score": "1.1910582", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives characters (1960s)", "text": "she plans to elope with Doug and honeymoon in Portofino and wants to bring David along. However, Doug is not interested in parenthood and he spontaneously marries Julie's mother Addile Olson (Patricia Barry). After Scott's death in early 1973, Julie sends David off to military school. The 18 year old David (Richard Guthrie) returns in the summer of 1975 with his new girlfriend Brooke Hamilton (Adrienne LaRussa). Brooke is jealous of David's growing closeness with his mother Julie and to drive a wedge between them, Brooke spread rumors about Julie being unfaithful to his stepfather Bob Anderson (Mark Tapscott) and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11793361", "score": "1.1897471", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "fight that would change their lives drastically. Julie insisted on bringing David along on the honeymoon. Doug was opposed to this idea; he also did not agree with Julie's plans to take David away from Scott, who loved the boy as his own son. During their fight, Julie walked out on Doug. Later that night, Addie stopped by and asked Doug to marry her. On the rebound, and always up for an adventure, Doug agreed. At midnight, Doug and Addie left for Portofino using the tickets that he had meant to use with Julie. Julie was crushed. But as unlikely", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250669", "score": "1.1891129", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "would marry and go on a romantic honeymoon in Portofino, Italy. Unfortunately, Julie was still married to Scott and had remained married to him in order to remain a part of her son David's life. For well over a year, Doug and Julie had an affair behind Scott's back; the only one aware of it was Susan, whose guilt for instigating the affair compelled her to keep quiet. While Julie prepared divorce papers behind Scott's back, Doug planned their Portofino honeymoon. Things changed dramatically for Doug and Julie when her recently widowed mother, Addie Horton, arrived in Salem. Addie despised", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250666", "score": "1.1757603", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "as the match was, Doug and Addie fit very well together. They understood one another and, before long, loved each other. Doug caused Addie to completely change into a new woman. The snooty socialite became the loving wife. To celebrate their marriage, Addie bought Doug the restaurant Sergio's and renamed it \"Doug's Place.\" Doug was thrilled to finally have his own club. And though life seemed perfect, Doug and Julie's relationship remained strained. Despite a great marriage to Addie, Doug still loved Julie. Soon, Addie became pregnant. That joy turned sour when she was also diagnosed with Leukemia. Doctors warned", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250670", "score": "1.1745408", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "Susan did make Doug a proposition: she would pay Doug to have an affair with Julie Banning in order to win Scott back from Julie. Doug agreed and began charming Julie. What Doug never counted on was falling in love with Julie. After some time passed, Susan told Doug that she couldn't go through with their agreement any longer. It was too late—Doug and Julie had fallen for each other. Meanwhile, Doug was hired to sing at Sergio's. By the end of the year, he and Julie had become lovers. As time went by, they dreamed of the day they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250665", "score": "1.1745055", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Charla Doherty", "text": "Charla Doherty Charla Doherty (August 6, 1946 – May 29, 1988) was an American actress who had short-term roles on \"Wagon Train\" and \"Dr. Kildare\" before originating the role of Julie Olson on the soap opera \"Days of Our Lives\". Doherty played the role from 1965 until she left the series in 1967. She played the role of Melinda Neilson in the 1963 season of Leave It to Beaver in the episode \"Don Juan Beaver.\" She played the role of Nancy in the 1965 movie \"Village of the Giants\". She played the role of Joanna Ramsey in the 1967 made-for-television", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8618440", "score": "1.1660843", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "a sibling, he participated in a new surrogate mother program at the hospital. Doug's child would be borne by an unknown woman and then given to him after its birth. Meanwhile, the relationship between Doug and Julie ignited once again despite the fact that she was now Mrs. Robert Anderson. But when it was discovered that Julie was pregnant with Bob's child, Doug told her that he didn't love her anymore. He would not destroy a family for the sake of his love for Julie. However, Julie's marriage to Bob was on the rocks and, when they separated, Doug offered", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250673", "score": "1.1649785", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "to ring in the new year at Chez Rouge with Maggie. On January 8, 2010 Doug discovers that Mickey Horton has died of a heart attack. He is in town to comfort Maggie along with Julie, Nathan, Lucas, and the rest of the Hortons. On January 12, 2010 Doug met Hope at the Brady Pub and advised her not to give up on her marriage. Doug and Julie returned again in June 2010 for the funeral services of Alice Horton. Doug made an onscreen appearance during the annual Horton Tree Trimming on December 26, 2013 and again in 2014. He", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250698", "score": "1.1611774", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "found. Doug was immediately cleared when a waitress from the coffee shop testified that he had been there during the time of the murder. Julie, however, had no alibi. After the police searched their home, she was arrested. The police had found a blood-stained dress, the murder weapon, and the letter accusing Julie and Larry of having an affair. Trying to protect Julie, Doug confessed to the crime. Since it was obvious he was trying to cover for Julie, Doug's confession was immediately dismissed. Soon, Julie was indicted for murder. Besides the murder, Doug and Julie had another, more internal,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250687", "score": "1.15898", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives characters (1960s)", "text": "potentially being pregnant with Doug's child. David and Julie get into a fight and he runs off and gets into a car accident in which he is presumed dead. David survives and is taken in the Grants where he befriends the daughter Valerie Grant (Tina Andrews). Meanwhile, Brooke learns she is pregnant with David's baby but refuses to marry him because he is in love with Valerie. In 2017, it is revealed that David has died in a motorbike accident. It is also revealed that he has another son, Eli Grant, with Valerie. Mike Horton was named after Mickey Horton,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11793362", "score": "1.1554916", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Julie Pinson", "text": "High School. Pinson married her \"Days of our Lives\" co-star, Billy Warlock in Las Vegas on August 26, 2006. The pair had been previously engaged in 1999. Julie Pinson Julie Pinson (born November 7, 1967) is an American actress, best known for her work with soap operas. Her best-known roles include Eve Lambert on \"Port Charles\", Billie Reed on \"Days of Our Lives\" and Janet Ciccone on \"As the World Turns\". Pinson also had a brief twelve-episode run as Shiloh on \"The Young and the Restless\" in 2004. She has also appeared on \"River Ridge\" as Kimberly Reeves. As a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3821793", "score": "1.1548507", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives", "text": "to start his own creation of \"Passions\". Despite the introduction of new head writer Hogan Sheffer in 2006, ratings failed to revive, which led the show's producers to hire a few past fan favorites to stop the ratings hemorrhage. In addition to the love triangles of Bill/Laura/Mickey and Addie/Doug/Julie, other memorable storylines include the 1968 story of amnesiac Tom Horton, Jr., who returns from Korea believing he is someone else and then proceeds to romance his younger sister Marie; the 20-year tragic love triangle when John Black has an affair with Marlena Brady, who is married to Roman; the 1982", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15665870", "score": "1.1473476", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Doug Williams and Julie Olson", "text": "soapmill as 'just friends,' but slowly it developed into a full-scale love affair.\" On an October 1974 weekend, the two secretly married. Only a few friends of the couple knew about the event. When the press got knowledge of this, it \"set off a commotion among fans, who wrote endless letters to the show asking that the couple also be allowed to get married in the story. If they could get married in real life, so the argument went, they certainly should be able to get together on screen.\" The writers of \"Days of our Lives\" refused popular demand, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8863599", "score": "1.144093", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "a long time. Although Bob was understanding and willing to give Julie a divorce, Alice was furious. Because of Brooke's lies, she believed that Doug had cheated on Addie. After the air was cleared, Doug and Julie slowly continued their relationship. A few months later, Julie suffered a miscarriage as a result of falling down a flight of stairs. While consoling Julie, Doug and Julie grew close once again. Meanwhile, Bob and Julie divorced; having lost the child, there was no need to remain married. Doug and Julie were together once again and were finally free to marry. Thinking that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250675", "score": "1.1402049", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Doug Williams and Julie Olson", "text": "prolonged the anticipation of the two marrying onscreen. In the book \"All My Afternoons\" by Annie Gilbert, the event is described: Nothing was ever such a guarantee of good ratings as star-crossed lovers everyone knew belonged together. But finally the producers set the date for the marriage and \"Days\" put on one of the most extravagant weddings imaginable on the screen. It was such a soap opera media event that the local L.A. press (\"Days\", along with \"General Hospital\" and \"The Young and the Restless\", which is produced in Los Angeles) was invited to the studio to watch. In the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8863600", "score": "1.1387146", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "Julie one of his guest rooms. Though nothing happened between them at first, they eventually rekindled their relationship. This didn't sit well with David Banning, Julie's son. Soon after arguing with Julie about her affair with Doug, David died in a car accident and possible suicide. Julie was beside herself. What was worse was the fact that Brooke Hamilton, David's girlfriend, had taken it upon herself to spread vicious rumors about Doug and Julie to avenge David's death. Brooke told several people the reason for David and Julie's argument, and implied that Doug and Julie's affair had carried on for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250674", "score": "1.1384183", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Julie Olson Williams", "text": "soap couple to be together in real life (they married in 1974). With Frances Reid's passing in 2010, Susan Hayes is the only cast member to have aired on \"Days of our Lives\" in all six decades that it has been on the air. Macdonald Carey often helped her in her early years on the show. Over the years Julie developed into different character archetypes. Soap operas once featured only one-dimensional characters who were either good or bad. By the 1970s, characters were written with more depth, fitting into archetypes consisting of the young-and-vulnerable romantic heroine, the old-fashioned villain, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10276823", "score": "1.1305795", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "Caribbean cruise. While in the Caribbean, he spoke to Julie, who told him that there was little hope of his liquor license being reinstated. Imagine Doug's surprise when he returned to Salem and was handed his liquor license—the Board had ruled in his favor! However, the victory was bittersweet. Doug noticed that Julie had become distant. She wouldn't let him make love to her, claiming that she was not feeling well. Though he thought that it was because of the time they'd spent apart, Doug soon realized something deeper was bothering her. His suspicions grew when a neighbor told him", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250684", "score": "1.12791", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Stephen Schnetzer", "text": "\"A Talent for Murder\"; and \"Filumena\", directed by Laurence Olivier. Schnetzer married Amy Ingersoll in 1976, and in 1982 married his second wife, actress Nancy Snyder, whom he met while she was playing Katrina Karr on \"One Life to Live\". They have two children, Max and Ben Schnetzer, who is also an actor. Stephen Schnetzer Stephen Paul Schnetzer (born June 11, 1948) is an American actor. Schnetzer was born in Canton, Massachusetts, the son of Thomas A. Schnetzer. He attended Catholic Memorial School. After playing the role of Julie Olson Williams' brother, Steven Olson, on \"Days of Our Lives\", he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3237511", "score": "1.1269314", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Days of Our Lives", "text": "(Steve Johnson), Austin Peck (Austin Reed), Mary Beth Evans (Kayla Brady), Joseph Mascolo (Stefano DiMera), and Thaao Penghlis (Tony DiMera) have been brought back to \"Days of Our Lives\". More additions to the show include the returns of Crystal Chappell (Dr. Carly Manning), and Louise Sorel (Vivian Alamain). In June 2010, characters such as Jennifer Horton, Bill Horton, Shane Donovan, and Kimberly Brady returned for a short time and were featured heavily in a tribute to Alice Horton. Guest cast members have included Elizabeth Alley. In late 2012, the show reintroduced actress Eileen Davidson in the role of Kristen Blake", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15665880", "score": "1.1199484", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Doug Williams (Days of Our Lives)", "text": "active in Dougie's life; he also decided not to move back to France so that Doug could watch his son grow up. At this time, Julie suffered a horrific accident while cooking at Maggie's farm. A faulty stove exploded in Julie's face and she caught on fire. Though Julie survived the accident, almost the entire left side of her face suffered third-degree burns, permanently scarring her. As a result of really bad advice from Laura Horton, Julie's therapist, Doug's reaction to Julie's accident was all wrong. Following Laura's advice, Doug pretended to be happy and ignored Julie's disfigurement, instead of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9250694", "score": "1.1125681", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Bill Hayes (actor)", "text": "1950s including \"The Berry Tree\" and covers of \"High Noon\" and \"Wringle, Wrangle\"; the latter was his only other Hot 100 hit, reaching #33 in 1957. His singing career found its way to his storyline on \"Days of Our Lives\": Doug was introduced as a convict who was also a lounge singer. The character of Doug returned in 1986 and 1987, as well as 1993 and 1996. Most recently, he has been on the show since 1999. His character was killed off in the spring of 2004 by Dr. Marlena Evans. In an elaborate plot hatched by head writer James", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3129221", "score": "1.1114125", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Julie Pinson", "text": "Julie Pinson Julie Pinson (born November 7, 1967) is an American actress, best known for her work with soap operas. Her best-known roles include Eve Lambert on \"Port Charles\", Billie Reed on \"Days of Our Lives\" and Janet Ciccone on \"As the World Turns\". Pinson also had a brief twelve-episode run as Shiloh on \"The Young and the Restless\" in 2004. She has also appeared on \"River Ridge\" as Kimberly Reeves. As a child, Pinson was inspired by her mother, a classically trained opera singer, to get into acting. She attended Fremont Christian School, and graduated from Mission San Jose", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3821792", "score": "1.1099948", "original_retrieval_index": 37 } ]

{ "title": "Doug Williams and Julie Olson", "long_answer": "Douglas Williams and Julie Olson Williams are fictional characters and a supercouple from the American daytime drama Days of Our Lives. Doug and Julie are considered to be the first supercouple in daytime television history. Doug is portrayed by Bill Hayes and Julie is portrayed by Susan Seaforth Hayes. The actors are married in real life and also still recur in their roles that made them famous on NBC's Days of our Lives.", "chunked_long_answer": "Douglas Williams and Julie Olson Williams are fictional characters and a supercouple from the American daytime drama Days of Our Lives. Doug and Julie are considered to be the first supercouple in daytime television history. Doug is portrayed by Bill Hayes and Julie is portrayed by Susan Seaforth Hayes. The actors are married in real life and also still recur in their roles that made them famous on NBC's Days of our Lives.", "short_answers": [ "Bill Hayes", "Susan Seaforth", "Susan Seaforth Hayes" ] }

[ "Tami Lynn" ]

[ { "title": "Tami Lynn", "text": "Tami Lynn (born 1942, Gert Town, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States) is an American soul singer. She scored a Top Ten hit on the UK Singles Chart in 1971, with the song \"I'm Gonna Run Away From You\".", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Tami Lynn", "text": "musicians such as The Rolling Stones (backing vocalist on \"Exile on Main St.\"), Dr. John, Wilson Pickett, and Sonny & Cher. In 1971, \"I'm Gonna Run Away From You\" was released as a single, with \"The Boy Next Door\" as the b-side, on Mojo and Atlantic, where it became a hit in the UK among devotees of Northern soul. The tune hit number 4 in the UK Singles Chart in 1971. A full-length album, \"Love Is Here and Now You're Gone\", followed in 1972, produced by John Abbey. \"I'm Gonna Run Away From You\" returned to the UK chart in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12319251", "score": "1.1983662", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "I'll Fly Away", "text": "Away\" was made by the Selah Jubilee Singers in February 1941 for Decca Records. The group was founded around 1927 by Thermon Ruth, a disc jockey at radio station WOR in Brooklyn New York. James and Martha Carson, also known as the \"Barn Dance Sweethearts\" released their first recordings on White Church in 1947 and later signed with Capitol in 1949. They recorded 22 numbers for Capitol and \"I'll Fly Away\" is one of a half-dozen that \"did well\" for them. The Chuck Wagon Gang's 1948 recording of \"I'll Fly Away\" for Columbia sold over one million copies and ranks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6552783", "score": "1.0255963", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Songs That Got Away", "text": "Marvin Hamlisch. Album liner notes were written by Sheridan Morley. The Songs That Got Away The Songs That Got Away is an album by English soprano Sarah Brightman. The songs selected for this album were allegedly based on an idea by Brightman's then husband Andrew Lloyd Webber. His idea was to incorporate songs which were mostly from West End theatre or Broadway theatre productions that were either unsuccessful, never made it across to the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, were cut from its respective show, or forgotten by time. All songs were produced by Andrew Lloyd Webber with the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10804534", "score": "1.0215814", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "They're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa!", "text": "They're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa! They're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa! is a 1966 novelty record written and performed by Jerry Samuels (billed as Napoleon XIV), and released on Warner Bros. Records. The song became an instant success in the United States, peaking at No. 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 popular music singles chart on August 13 number 2 in Canada, and reaching No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart. Jerry Samuels was a recording engineer at Associated Recording Studios in New York at the time when the song was written. He had learned a way", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7732164", "score": "1.0184813", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Runnin' Away with My Heart", "text": "because she's running away with his heart. \"Runnin' Away with My Heart\" debuted at number 73 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of May 25, 1996. Runnin' Away with My Heart \"Runnin' Away with My Heart\" is a song performed by American country music band Lonestar. It was released in May 1996 as the third single and fourth track from their self-titled debut album. It peaked at number 8 on the country charts in the United States, and at number 9 in Canada. Michael Britt, the band's guitarist, co-wrote the song with Mark D.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13100575", "score": "1.0154252", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Runnin' Away with My Heart", "text": "Runnin' Away with My Heart \"Runnin' Away with My Heart\" is a song performed by American country music band Lonestar. It was released in May 1996 as the third single and fourth track from their self-titled debut album. It peaked at number 8 on the country charts in the United States, and at number 9 in Canada. Michael Britt, the band's guitarist, co-wrote the song with Mark D. Sanders and Sam Hogin. The song's narrator is trying to go after his lover, who seems to be leaving him, and now the narrator will do anything without stopping to catch her,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13100574", "score": "1.0146185", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Shining Star (The Manhattans song)", "text": "song \"I'll Never Run Away From Love Again\", which was also recorded by The Manhattans in 1980 for the album \"After Midnight\". It was written by lead vocalist Gerald Alston and Barbara Morr. The song is the last track on the album and was produced by Norman Harris and The Manhattans. \"Shining Star\" was performed many times by the Jerry Garcia Band during their 1991 through 1994 tours. It frequently appeared to open or near the beginning of the second set. On October 6, 1993, at The Warfield Theater, the band opened the second set with the song. The audience", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15462994", "score": "1.0129514", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Ruby Johnson", "text": "clubs, she gave up her singing career in 1974. She worked in government posts, and eventually became the director of Foster Grandparents, a federal programme helping handicapped children relate to older generations. She also returned to worship and sing at the Temple Beth-El near her home in Lanham, Maryland. A compilation CD, including many previously unissued tracks, was issued in 1993. She died in 1999, aged 63. \"I'll Run Your Hurt Away\", Stax, 1993 Ruby Johnson Ruby Johnson (19 April 1936 – 4 July 1999) was an American soul singer, best known for her recordings on the Volt label in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8598054", "score": "1.0106864", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "I'm Gonna Run to You", "text": "not doing the typical dance stuff that we typically hear from them\". The \"Disney Dreaming\" was positive and recommended the song at all, saying they was excited. For the week ending December 24, 2011 \"I'm Gonna Run To You\" debuted at number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Holiday Songs. The official music video for the song premiered on Disney Channel in December 2, 2011. It was directed by Arlene Sanford. American singer Jen Leigh, former member of the BIGLovely, covered the song and released on February 3, 2012. The music video was released on January 1, 2012. I'm Gonna Run to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17020946", "score": "1.0103996", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller", "text": "With You\" by Stealers Wheel, taken from the band's 1972 eponymous debut album, which the duo produced. In 1975, they recorded \"Mirrors\", an album of art songs with Peggy Lee. A remixed and expanded version of the album was released in 2005 as \"Peggy Lee Sings Leiber and Stoller\". In the late 1970s, A&M Records recruited Leiber and Stoller to write and produce an album for Elkie Brooks; \"Two Days Away\" (1977) proved a success in the UK and most of Europe. Their composition \"Pearl's a Singer\" (written with Ralph Dino & John Sembello) became a hit for Brooks, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2014423", "score": "1.0073905", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Katie Melua", "text": "\"Faraway Voice\", a song about the death of Eva Cassidy. Melua also covered songs by Delores J. Silver (\"Learnin' the Blues\"), John Mayall (\"Crawling up a Hill\"), Randy Newman (\"I Think It's Going to Rain Today\") and James Shelton (\"Lilac Wine\", originally a UK hit for singer Elkie Brooks). The other six songs on the album were by Mike Batt. It was initially difficult for Melua and Batt to obtain airplay for the album's lead single, \"The Closest Thing to Crazy\". This changed when BBC Radio 2 producer Paul Walters heard the single and played it on the popular Terry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3149763", "score": "1.0055466", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Swept Away (Diana Ross album)", "text": "Daryl Hall and Arthur Baker-produced \"Swept Away\" (#19 Pop, #3 R&B, #1 Dance) and the Julio Iglesias duet, \"All of You\" (#19 Pop, #38 R&B, #2 AC, #1 Spain). All three of these singles were accompanied by popular music videos. The album also included the single, \"Telephone\" (#13 R&B), produced by Bernard Edwards. The song \"Touch by Touch\" became a hit across Europe, reaching the top 10 in Austria, Belgium and Norway and also charting inside the top 20 in Canada, Sweden and the Netherlands. \"Swept Away\" was certified Gold by the end of 1984. It peaked at #26 on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8816375", "score": "1.0053213", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Runaway Child, Running Wild", "text": "Dyke, who performs the prominent organ solo during the instrumental section of the record, recorded his own instrumental version of \"Runaway Child, Running Wild\", which was released as a single the same year. Runaway Child, Running Wild \"Runaway Child, Running Wild\" (shown as \"Run Away Child, Running Wild\" on the label of the original single) is a 1969 hit single for the Gordy (Motown) label, performed by The Temptations and produced by Norman Whitfield. The single was both the second from their landmark \"Cloud Nine\" LP, and the second of their \"psychedelic soul\" tracks penned by Whitfield and former Motown", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4963764", "score": "1.0019937", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Nick Hathaway", "text": "the United States. He is understood to have written songs every day, following the trends of the previous year. In the country and western genre, his songs include \"If You're Running Away from Me, I'm Behind You All the Way.\" He experimented in psychedelic rock, composing \"The War Between the States of Mind.\" He wrote several musical shows, including an adaptation of \"West Side Story\" set in Shakespeare's time, an all-Black \"Finian's Rainbow,\" and the Book of Job in swingtime (considered for development by Cordova). He also wrote special material for industrial productions and did sound design for the Theater", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15485000", "score": "1.0018258", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Drift Away", "text": "The Heptones recorded a reggae version which is included on many compilation CDs. Street Corner Symphony also sang a version of this song as their swan song on the season 2 finale of the NBC series \"The Sing-Off\"; that version is arranged by Deke Sharon. Bon Jovi usually played the song live in 1987: a version was recorded as part of a Westwood One radio live series concert. Dolly Parton and Anne Murray performed the song together in 1976 on Parton's variety show \"Dolly!\", though they sang the lyrics of the Felts version (\"I want to get lost in your", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4878315", "score": "1.0013976", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "They're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa!", "text": "Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa!\" was also done by Jerry Samuels, from that same album entitled \"Where the Nuts hunt the Squirrels\", where Samuels, towards the end of the track, repeats the line: \"THEY'RE TRYING TO DRIVE ME SANE!!! HA HA,\" before the song's fade, in a fast-tracked higher voice. In 1966, KRLA DJ \"Emperor Bob\" Hudson recorded a similarly styled song titled \"I'm Normal\", including the lines \"They came and took my brother away/The men in white picked him up yesterday/But they'll never come take me away, 'cos I'm O.K./I'm normal.\" Another line in the song was: \"I eat my", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7732172", "score": "1.001342", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Runnin' Away (Sly and the Family Stone song)", "text": "reached no. 19 on the UK Indie Chart. In Belgium, it was released on the independent record label, Les Disques Du Crepuscule. Runnin' Away (Sly and the Family Stone song) \"Runnin' Away\" is a song by American band Sly and the Family Stone. It was released as a single in early 1972 and appears on their 1971 album, \"There's a Riot Goin' On\". The song reached no. 23 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and no. 17 on the UK Singles Chart. It was later covered by artists such as Paul Haig, The Raincoats and The Colourfield. \"Running Away\" was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19919924", "score": "1.0007724", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Run Away with You", "text": "lyrics. The music video, directed by Lloyd Norman, follows a married couple on a journey from Nashville, Tennessee to a Big & Rich concert in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. In the video, the couple is shown hiking in the mountains, dancing on the beach and appearing on stage with Big & Rich The performance shots were filmed during Big & Rich's set at the Carolina Country Music Festival in June 2015. Michael Ray, with whom Rich co-wrote the song, also recorded it for his self-titled debut album. The Big & Rich version first charted on Country Airplay at No. 59", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18973612", "score": "0.9999943", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "I'm Gonna Run to You", "text": "released as a promotional single on November 18, 2011. The song has received generally positive reviews from music critics. Sarah Peel of \"BSC Kids\" said \"I'm Gonna Run to You\" is lovely and catchy and her voice reminds Demi Lovato. He said \"I am glad to see that she is working to make sure her dreams are happening. She isn’t the typical Disney singer that we all expect. She reminds me more of an edgy Demi Lovato, which means that she is a risk taker much like Demi is. Vocally they are nothing like each other [Disney stars]. They are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17020945", "score": "0.9997994", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Run Away (SunStroke Project and Olia Tira song)", "text": "Run Away (SunStroke Project and Olia Tira song) \"Run Away\" is a song performed by SunStroke Project and Olia Tira, and represented Moldova at the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in May 2010 in Oslo, Norway. The song won the final of the \"O melodie pentru Europa 2010\", that took place on 6 March. It gained the maximum number of points from both the juries and the televotes. In the contest, it was performed first on the night of the first semi-final, preceding Russia's Lost and Forgotten and passed to the final. The inspiration for the \"Epic Jazz Jive\" came from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14358412", "score": "0.9990128", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "They're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa!", "text": "stations having suddenly stopped playing the song, in response to complaints about its content from mental health professionals and organizations. \"I'm Happy They Took You Away, Ha-Haaa!\" was recorded by CBS Radio Mystery Theater cast member Bryna Raeburn, credited as \"Josephine XV\", and was the closing track on Side Two of the 1966 Warner Bros. album. (Josephine was the name of the spouse of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.) An artist named Josephine (whose real name is unknown) recorded her own response song, called “They Took You Away (I'm Glad, I'm Glad)“ in 1966. A variation of \"They're Coming to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7732171", "score": "0.9987707", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Runnin' Away (Sly and the Family Stone song)", "text": "Runnin' Away (Sly and the Family Stone song) \"Runnin' Away\" is a song by American band Sly and the Family Stone. It was released as a single in early 1972 and appears on their 1971 album, \"There's a Riot Goin' On\". The song reached no. 23 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and no. 17 on the UK Singles Chart. It was later covered by artists such as Paul Haig, The Raincoats and The Colourfield. \"Running Away\" was recorded by Scottish musician and former Josef K lead singer Paul Haig in 1982. It was released as his debut single and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19919923", "score": "0.99224854", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "David Chackler", "text": "titles under this label included \"Runnin Away\", performed by artist Lillie McCloud, known in the industry only as Nicole. \"Runnin Away\" held on Billboard Magazine’s dance charts for more than four months. Chackler began International Entertainment Group, which was the home of two independent niche companies, Slipdisc Records (a division of Mercury Records) and nuGroove, which was distributed by Sony/RED. At the end of the 20th century, nuGroove was one of the main labels in the Smooth Jazz genre. Artists included Michael Lington, who today is considered one of the leaders in the Smooth Jazz industry. Down to the Bone’s", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18997866", "score": "0.9919049", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Runaway Child, Running Wild", "text": "Runaway Child, Running Wild \"Runaway Child, Running Wild\" (shown as \"Run Away Child, Running Wild\" on the label of the original single) is a 1969 hit single for the Gordy (Motown) label, performed by The Temptations and produced by Norman Whitfield. The single was both the second from their landmark \"Cloud Nine\" LP, and the second of their \"psychedelic soul\" tracks penned by Whitfield and former Motown artist Barrett Strong. Featuring all five Temptations - Dennis Edwards, Eddie Kendricks, Paul Williams, Melvin Franklin, and Otis Williams - trading verses and harmony lines, \"Runaway Child, Running Wild\" paints a tale of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4963760", "score": "0.98784393", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Nivea (singer)", "text": "decided to focus on her internationally, releasing her self-titled debut album in Australia and Japan first. On September 25, 2001, the album was released in United States peaking at #80 on the Billboard 200 and #85 on R&B. \"Run Away (I Wanna Be with You)\" (featuring Pusha T) was released as the album's next single in Japan in December 2001. In August 2002, she released her second U.S. single, \"Don't Mess with My Man\" featuring Brian and Brandon Casey (of R&B group Jagged Edge). The single was a big hit, peaking at #8 on the Hot 100 at #25 on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1786864", "score": "0.98683876", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "I'll Fly Away", "text": "sold over eight million copies, reached the top position on at least four of \"Billboard\"'s album charts, and was named Album of the Year and Best Soundtrack album at the 44th Grammy Awards in February 2002. Alison Krauss and Gillian Welch performed the song again for a May 24, 2000 concert at the Ryman Auditorium that featured many of the artists from the \"O Brother\" soundtrack. Film from the concert was used to create the 2000 documentary, \"Down from the Mountain\". Krauss and Welch's live performance is included as the final track on the \"Down from the Mountain\" soundtrack album,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6552787", "score": "0.9852793", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "I'm Gonna Run to You", "text": "I'm Gonna Run to You \"I'm Gonna Run to You\" is a song by American recording artist Bridgit Mendler. It was written by Mendler and Jamie Houston and produced by Houston. The song featured the Disney Channel's 2011 film \"Good Luck Charlie: It's Christmas!\", but hasn't been added to any album. It was released as promotional single on November 18, 2011. The song debuted at number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Holiday Songs. A uptempo song, \"I'm Gonna Run to You\" composed in a pop and Christmas music. Built on a beat, multi-tracked harmonies. Its lyrics declare that the singer sings", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17020943", "score": "0.9842013", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Jody Williams (Afrikaans singer)", "text": "jumped at the opportunity. During the six-month-long competition, Jody became known for her performances of power ballads by artists including Whitney Houston, Celine Dion and Christina Aguilera. Her performances of Houston's \"Run To You\" and \"I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)\" were raved as her best performances of the whole competition; she repeated them on the final stage of the competition. Jody also performed \"brilliant\" versions of songs originally done by male artists, including Bryan Adams, Michael Jackson and Luther Vandross. Jody also did renditions of current hits, namely the pop rock song \"Behind These Hazel Eyes\" by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13584655", "score": "0.9837107", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Herb McQuay", "text": "member of a street corner a cappella quartet. After high school, he studied music education at Shaw University. After he was drafted into the army in 1969. While in the Army, McQuay was a member of the Special Services Entertainment Division and went to Korea, Vietnam, Okinawa and Thailand and to Germany. Later after heading back to New York, he was in Germany and then went around Europe. He was later working cabaret as a result of getting a Managerial contact in Britain. His single \"Runnin' Away From You\", written by Colin Frechter and John Goodison, backed with his own", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19651337", "score": "0.98175555", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Tami Lynn", "long_answer": "Tami Lynn (born 1942, Gert Town, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States) is an American soul singer. She scored a Top Ten hit on the UK Singles Chart in 1971, with the song \"I'm Gonna Run Away From You\".", "chunked_long_answer": "Tami Lynn (born 1942, Gert Town, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States) is an American soul singer. She scored a Top Ten hit on the UK Singles Chart in 1971, with the song \"I'm Gonna Run Away From You\".", "short_answers": [ "Tami Lynn" ] }

[ "actress Dakota Johnson", "Dakota Johnson" ]

[ { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "On June 9, Depp's 51st birthday, he was filming scenes on location in Quincy, where actress Dakota Johnson was in Back Bay, playing Whitey Bulger's longtime former girlfriend, Lindsey Cyr. On June 11, shooting was underway in Lynn, where the crew was filming scenes in which Bulger and Stephen Flemmi pick up a prostitute named Deborah Hussey (played by Juno Temple) from the police station. Temple was seen on the set. On June 16, Depp and Plemons were spotted on the set of the film in South Boston.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "Back Bay, playing Whitey Bulger's longtime former girlfriend, Lindsey Cyr. On June 11, shooting was underway in Lynn, where the crew was filming scenes in which Bulger and Stephen Flemmi pick up a prostitute named Deborah Hussey (played by Juno Temple) from the police station. Temple was seen on the set. On June 16, Depp and Plemons were spotted on the set of the film in South Boston. On June 20, news posted some photos from the set of the film, which features classic cars from the film set in South Boston. On June 23, Cumberbatch and Depp were spotted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170570", "score": "1.4472685", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "Agent in charge of the Boston field office and John Connolly's boss. On July 1, David Harbour was added to the cast of the film to star as John Morris, a corrupt FBI agent along with Connolly. The roles of Connolly – who was Whitey Bulger's FBI handler – and his first wife Marianne, were filled by Joel Edgerton and Julianne Nicholson, respectively. Cooper chose Nicholson for the part after her performance as Sally in Sam Shepard's off-Broadway play \"Heartless\" (before Claire van der Boom succeeded her for the play's two-week extension). Edgerton developed his portrayal of Connolly by studying", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170566", "score": "1.3194634", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "on the FBI's role in the Bulger story. On July 25, Kevin Bacon was in Boston, filming some remaining scenes for the film. According to \"The Boston Globe\", filming for \"Black Mass\" wrapped up on Friday, August 1, 2014, in Boston. Sienna Miller was cast and filmed scenes as Catherine Greig, Bulger's companion while a fugitive, but her scenes ended up getting cut from the film due to \"narrative choices\". Erica McDermott was cast as Mary Bulger, wife of Billy Bulger, but the majority of her scenes were cut out. On June 30, 2014, Warner Bros. set the film for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170574", "score": "1.318987", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "film began on May 19, 2014 in Boston, and wrapped on August 1, 2014. It had its world premiere at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival and was released by Warner Bros. worldwide on September 18, 2015. It received generally positive reviews and grossed $99 million. In 1975, James \"Whitey\" Bulger, leader of the Winter Hill Gang, controls most organized crime within South Boston, along with his right-hand man Stephen Flemmi, newcomer Kevin Weeks, and callous hitman Johnny Martorano. Bulger lives with his common-law wife Lindsey Cyr and their young son Douglas. Bulger's supremacy is challenged by the North End", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170555", "score": "1.2416393", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "of Bulger) and Deborah Hussey, one of Bulger's victims, respectively, around April 2014. Plemons reportedly prepared for his role by hiring a dialect coach and studying video of the actual Kevin Weeks. Benedict Cumberbatch replaced Guy Pearce as William \"Billy\" Bulger on May 22, 2014. On June 10, it was announced that Jeremy Strong would co-star in the film. On June 14, James Russo joined the cast of the film to play Scott Garriola, one of the FBI agents who took down Bulger. On June 26, Kevin Bacon was added to the cast to play Charles McGuire, the FBI Special", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170565", "score": "1.2251691", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "actor was adamant in depicting the Boston gang leader's criminal and personal life as would be ultimately portrayed in the film. To achieve that, Depp attempted to meet with Bulger himself, but was declined a meeting and instead consulted Jay Carney, Bulger's attorney. Carney appeared on set a few times, to provide feedback on Depp's performance. Principal photography commenced on May 19, 2014 in Boston; actors were seen filming scenes in Dorchester. On May 23, some shots were also filmed at Polish American Club (altered to recreate West Broadway's Triple O's Lounge, Whitey's infamous South Boston hangout), on Cambridge Street", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170568", "score": "1.2161349", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "as Whitey Bulger and Miller as Catherine Greig were spotted on the \"Black Mass\" set on the Revere Beach on July 10, 2014. On July 15, Cumberbatch wrapped filming for his part in Boston. On July 21, Depp filmed some scenes at the former Anthony's Hawthorne restaurant, located at Oxford Street and Central Avenue in Lynn. Depp's wife Amber Heard visited Depp on the set of the film on July 21, the last day of filming for Depp's role. In July, director Cooper told \"The Boston Globe\" that filming had to take place for two more weeks in Boston, focusing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170573", "score": "1.2123532", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "Eugenia apartments in Santa Monica, California, where FBI agents arrested Bulger on June 22, 2011. Arrest scenes were filmed there on July 7 and 8, and Sienna Miller was spotted dressed as Catherine Greig. From July 8–10, scenes were filmed on Revere Beach, so that a portion of Revere Beach remained closed. Between July 11–12, Revere Beach Boulevard remained closed for shooting. Revere Beach was transformed into Miami Beach, Florida, as live palm trees had been planted in the sand and a pizza restaurant was transformed into a Cuban cafe on Revere Beach Boulevard across the street from Beach. Depp", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170572", "score": "1.1806934", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "Angiulo Brothers, a rival gang that is part of the New England Mafia family. FBI agent John Connolly returns to the area – he grew up in South Boston as a friend of Whitey and his brother William \"Billy\" Bulger, the Massachusetts Senate President. Connolly tries infiltrating the Angiulo Brothers and attempts to get Whitey to work with the FBI. Although Whitey hates the idea of being a rat, he understands the protection he would have for himself, his gang, and his family. Douglas suffers from Reye syndrome, leading a devastated Lindsey to remove him from life support over Whitey's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170556", "score": "1.1805551", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "assistant U. S. Attorney in Boston. Connolly attempts to make friends and to perhaps divert his attention from Bulger, but Wyshak bluntly refuses, demanding that the FBI arrest Whitey. John McIntyre, an informant within the Winter Hill Gang, informs on an attempt by Whitey to smuggle weapons for the IRA. Connolly tells Whitey, who murders McIntyre. Wyshak and McGuire investigate Connolly's management of Whitey's informant role. They discover that most of what Connolly called Whitey's tips were already obtained from other sources. Morris, disillusioned and fearing prosecution for his association with Connolly's activities, anonymously divulges Connolly's and Whitey's relationship to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170559", "score": "1.1623743", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "past footage of the FBI agent before his imprisonment, some of which include his appearances on talk shows and in courtrooms. In an interview with \"The Wall Street Journal\", Edgerton stated that he declined trying to meet with the actual Connolly, reasoning that Connolly \"has one version of events and the film has a different version\". Edgerton originally dropped out of the project when Depp agreed to return, and Tom Hardy was in early talks for the role. However, Edgerton returned in the role. In preparing for his role, Depp similarly studied surveillance and police audio footage involving Bulger. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170567", "score": "1.1047146", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Kevin Weeks", "text": "released from prison. \"Now I can't,\" he quipped, \"Everybody knows my face.\" Actor Jesse Plemons portrayed Weeks in the 2015 film \"Black Mass\". Kevin Weeks Kevin Weeks (born March 21, 1956) is an Irish-American former mobster and a longtime friend and mob lieutenant to Whitey Bulger, the infamous boss of the Winter Hill Gang, a crime family based out of the Winter Hill neighborhood in Somerville, Massachusetts. After his arrest and imprisonment in 1999, he became a cooperating witness. His testimony is viewed as responsible for the convictions of FBI agent John Connolly, as well as for forcing Bulger's right-hand", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9477649", "score": "1.1020305", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "rating of 6.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Black Mass\" spins a gripping yarn out of its fact-based story – and leaves audiences with one of Johnny Depp's most compelling performances in years.\" On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 68 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"B\" on an A+ to F scale. Depp's portrayal of Bulger received critical acclaim. Critics from \"The Hollywood Reporter\", \"Variety\", and \"TheWrap\" called it one of his best performances to date. \"The Hollywood Reporter\"s Todd McCarthy,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170577", "score": "1.0953579", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "Depp deserved an Academy Award nomination for his performance as Bulger and were surprised when his name was left off the list of nominees. Some believe it was because Depp commented that he didn't want to win an Oscar if nominated for one. The soundtrack, written and composed by Tom Holkenborg, was released on September 11, 2015 at WaterTower Music 2015 Watertower Music (61:26) Black Mass (film) Black Mass is a 2015 American biographical crime drama film directed by Scott Cooper and written by Mark Mallouk and Jez Butterworth, based on the 2001 book \"Black Mass: The True Story of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170582", "score": "1.088361", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "the adaptation, and Barry Levinson was attached to direct instead. The finished version of \"Black Mass\" was scripted by Mark Mallouk and Jez Butterworth, and has been billed as the \"true story of Whitey Bulger, FBI agent John Connolly and the FBI's witness protection program that was created by J. Edgar Hoover.\" Later in January 2014, Scott Cooper was attached to re-write and direct the film. On February 27, 2014, Warner Bros. picked up the film's worldwide distribution rights, eyeing an October 2015 release, and the studio co-financed the film with Cross Creek. Johnny Depp's involvement with \"Black Mass\" dates", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170563", "score": "1.0834713", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Jack Nicholson", "text": "young girlfriend. In late 2006, Nicholson marked his return to the dark side as Frank Costello, a nefarious Boston Irish Mob boss, based on Whitey Bulger who was still on the run at that time, presiding over Matt Damon and Leonardo DiCaprio in Martin Scorsese's Oscar-winning film \"The Departed\", a remake of Andrew Lau's \"Infernal Affairs\". The role earned Nicholson worldwide critical praise, along with various award wins and nominations, including a Golden Globe nomination for supporting actor. In 2007, Nicholson co-starred with Morgan Freeman in Rob Reiner's \"The Bucket List\". Nicholson and Freeman portrayed dying men who fulfill their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12258052", "score": "1.064177", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "in addition to praising the film, called Depp's performance \"fully convincing and frightening\", saying it is \"very welcome at this point in his career and one of his best.\" Similarly, \"Indie Wire\"s Eric Kohn praised the cast and highlighted Depp's performance and Cooper's directorial efforts to depict \"the haunting legacy of Bulger's criminal deeds, and the lingering sense that no justice can erase their impact.\" Admiring \"Black Mass\" as an \"elegantly understated crime drama\", \"Variety\"s Scott Foundas positively compared Depp's performance in the film to his earlier roles with Tim Burton. \"TheWrap\"s Alonso Duralde praised Depp's performance, but was less", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170578", "score": "1.0535233", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Chuck Jeffreys", "text": "\"Black Mass\", which was a film about the career of infamous American mobster James \"Whitey\" Bulger, and \"Miles Ahead\", which was a film about jazz musician Miles Davis. Chuck Jeffreys Chuck Jeffreys is an actor, stuntman, stunt coordinator and fight choreographer. As an actor he has appeared in more than 24 films and television shows. He had supporting roles in \"Aftershock\", \"Lockdown\", \"Superfights\" and \"\" and co-starred in the 1997 film \"Bloodmoon\". He is also the Fire Warlord in the Digital Pictures full-motion video action game \"Supreme Warrior\". From the late 1980s to 2016 he had worked on more than", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20296541", "score": "1.0361228", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Karen Black", "text": "feature film career expanded in 1969, playing the role of an acid-tripping prostitute opposite Dennis Hopper and Peter Fonda in the iconic counterculture movie \"Easy Rider\". In 1970, Black appeared as Rayette, the waitress girlfriend of Jack Nicholson, in the film \"Five Easy Pieces\", for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and earned her her first Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress-Motion Picture. She also won a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the film. Black played an unfaithful wife, Myrtle Wilson, in the 1974", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1357838", "score": "1.0305173", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "the \"Boston Globe\" and a front-page story exposes the FBI's links to organised crime. In the final scenes, Connolly, Flemmi, Weeks, and Martorano are arrested. Whitey goes on the run, but not before giving Billy a final goodbye from a pay phone. Morris turns state's evidence and testifies against Connolly in return for immunity. Connolly's and the other characters' sentences are listed, and a concluding sequence shows a now-elderly Whitey being caught by the FBI in 2011. An idea for a film adaptation of \"Black Mass: The True Story of an Unholy Alliance Between the FBI and the Irish Mob\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170560", "score": "1.024875", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Stephen Flemmi", "text": "for murder and racketeering, at which Bulger was sentenced to two life terms plus five years. Flemmi does not appear in the online Federal Bureau of Prisons Inmate Locator. This suggests he is being held under an alias to protect him from reprisals, which would not be unusual given that he turned informer. Flemmi is portrayed by Rory Cochrane in the 2015 Whitey Bulger biopic \"Black Mass\". Flemmi was also the inspiration behind the character Mr. French, portrayed by Ray Winstone, in the 2006 movie \"The Departed\". Stephen Flemmi and Whitey Bulger are alleged to have statutorily raped numerous underage", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5478546", "score": "1.0245662", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "a cookout. His wife, Marianne, sees negative changes in her husband as his agent-informant relationship with Whitey grows. Cut out of an embezzlement scheme from World Jai Alai, Whitey orders Martorano to murder his rivals Roger Wheeler and John Callahan. An associate, Brian Halloran, goes to the FBI to report Whitey's involvement, much to Connolly's displeasure, who then tells Whitey of Halloran's accusation, thereby resulting in the murders of Halloran and an unnamed accomplice. Following the passing of his mother, Whitey's behavior becomes increasingly violent and unpredictable, deteriorating his informant relationship. A \"bulldog\" prosecutor, Fred Wyshak, is appointed the new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170558", "score": "1.0230865", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Karen Black", "text": "in Los Angeles; Black starred in the play as well. In April 2009, Black worked with director Steve Balderson for \"Stuck!\", a homage to film noir women-in-prison dramas, which co-starred Mink Stole, Pleasant Gehman and Jane Wiedlin of The Go-Go's. She starred in John Landis's 2010 thriller \"Some Guy Who Kills People\", as well as Aïda Ruilova's surrealist short film \"Meet the Eye\" (2009). Later that year, Black appeared on Cass McCombs' song \"Dreams-Come-True-Girl\" from the album \"Catacombs\". The experimental hip-hop group Death Grips released a video on YouTube called \"Bottomless Pit\" in October 2015. The video shows footage of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1357845", "score": "1.0089122", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Erica McDermott", "text": "film \"Black Mass\" (2015). Erica McDermott Erica McDermott (born April 26, 1973) is an American actress, perhaps known best for her supporting role as Cindy \"Tar\" Eklund, the sister of the lead character, in the David O. Russell film \"The Fighter\" (2010). On 26 April 1973, McDermott was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, North America. While in grade school, she acted in school plays. Having trained as a registered nurse, however, she initially focused on her career in the medical profession and raising her family. In 2008, McDermott decided to launch her acting career, starting with an appearance in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15433249", "score": "1.0080074", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "similar kind of seductive, funny, shocking gangster tale. ...Several scenes seem to want to be like the 'how am I funny?' scene in \"Goodfellas\", but it's blatant\". Whitey Bulger himself disapproved of the film and refused to see it, while his associate Kevin Weeks, while admitting the killings took place, otherwise appraised the movie as \"pure fiction\", comprehensively deconstructing most of the factual accuracy. Most crucially he also disavowed the characterisations of the key figures: The only resemblance to Whitey's character was the hairline. [...] The mannerisms — the way that Whitey talked to us — he never swore at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170580", "score": "1.0056053", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "furious objections. When the Angiulo Brothers murder a Winter Hill member, Whitey becomes an informant. Although Connolly is supported by his co-worker John Morris, their boss, Charles McGuire, is suspicious. Whitey increasingly exploits the FBI informant relationship, using Connolly's \"protection\" as a cover for his crimes. Connolly demands information on the Angiulos' racketeering locations. Finally, Whitey gets pictures of the rival gang's hideouts, allowing the FBI to wiretap the Angiulos. The FBI arrests them, thus eliminating underground opposition to Whitey's power. Connolly, blinded by his past, grows closer to Whitey and the gang, even inviting them to his house for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170557", "score": "1.0049602", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Sasha Grey", "text": "XRCO Awards. After her feature film debut as the lead in Steven Soderbergh's \"The Girlfriend Experience\" (2009), Grey shifted her focus to mainstream acting. She starred in the Canadian black comedy horror film \"Smash Cut\" (2009) and played a fictionalized version of herself in the seventh season of the HBO comedy-drama series \"Entourage\". She has also appeared in independent films such as \"I Melt with You\" and \"Open Windows\". She is a former member of aTelecine, an industrial music band. Grey was born and raised in North Highlands, California, to a working-class family. Her mother worked for the state of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13318510", "score": "1.0040313", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Jamie Gray Hyder", "text": "series made for Sony's next-gen PlayStation 4 console. In 2014 she starred opposite Andrew Keegan and Ray Liotta in the music video for \"Lovers on the Sun\", the lead single from David Guetta's sixth studio album \"Listen\". The Wild West themed music video was directed by Marc Klasfeld. In 2016, she played Lt. Nora Salter in \"\", which debuted November 4. She has also appeared in print campaigns and commercials. Jamie Gray Hyder Jamie Gray Hyder (born April 27, 1985) is an American actress and model. Hyder, known most recently for her voice and motion capture work for the role", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18161207", "score": "1.0020889", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Black Mass (film)", "text": "us. In all the years I was with that man, he never swore at me once. We never yelled at each other. [...] The language is all wrong [...] and Whitey never would’ve berated Stevie, either. Stevie was a psychopath. Stevie would’ve killed him. [...] Stevie wasn’t all sympathetic, mourning, and sorrowful like he is in the movie. Stevie enjoyed murder. Weeks also contradicts any accuracy in Depp's portrayal, for instance, the suggestion the loss of his son had any impact on his behaviour, or that Bulger ever once discussed business at home or with his brother. Many people believed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17170581", "score": "0.99888104", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Black Mass (film)", "long_answer": "On June 9, Depp's 51st birthday, he was filming scenes on location in Quincy, where actress Dakota Johnson was in Back Bay, playing Whitey Bulger's longtime former girlfriend, Lindsey Cyr. On June 11, shooting was underway in Lynn, where the crew was filming scenes in which Bulger and Stephen Flemmi pick up a prostitute named Deborah Hussey (played by Juno Temple) from the police station. Temple was seen on the set. On June 16, Depp and Plemons were spotted on the set of the film in South Boston.", "chunked_long_answer": "On June 9, Depp's 51st birthday, he was filming scenes on location in Quincy, where actress Dakota Johnson was in Back Bay, playing Whitey Bulger's longtime former girlfriend, Lindsey Cyr. On June 11, shooting was underway in Lynn, where the crew was filming scenes in which Bulger and Stephen Flemmi pick up a prostitute named Deborah Hussey (played by Juno Temple) from the police station. Temple was seen on the set. On June 16, Depp and Plemons were spotted on the set of the film in South Boston.", "short_answers": [ "Dakota Johnson", "actress Dakota Johnson" ] }

[ "Glen W. Dickson" ]

[ { "title": "Popcorn", "text": "source of income for many struggling farmers, including the Redenbacher family, namesake of the famous popcorn brand. During World War II, sugar rations diminished candy production, and Americans compensated by eating three times as much popcorn as they had before. The snack was popular at theaters, much to the initial displeasure of many of the theater owners, who thought it distracted from the films. Their minds eventually changed, however, and in 1938 a Midwestern theater owner named Glen W. Dickson installed popcorn machines in the lobbies of his theaters. The venture was a financial success, and the trend soon spread.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Popcorn (1991 film)", "text": "Popcorn (1991 film) Popcorn is a 1991 American comedy horror film directed by Mark Herrier and written by Alan Ormsby. College film student and aspiring film writer Maggie Butler (Jill Schoelen) has been having recurring dreams of a young girl named Sarah who is caught in a fire and being chased by a strange man who is trying to kill her. She records what she remembers on an audio tape and plans on making the story into a film. Maggie lives with her mother Suzanne (Dee Wallace Stone), who has been receiving strange, demonic prank calls recently. On her way", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10773222", "score": "1.1314772", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Popcorn (2007 film)", "text": "Popcorn (2007 film) Popcorn is a 2007 British romantic comedy film written and directed by Darren Paul Fisher. It was filmed in 2005 at one of London's largest multiplex cinemas, Odeon Greenwich. Too insecure to approach the girl of his dreams, Danny (Jack Ryder) takes a job at his local movie house where she works, only to learn his first day is her last. After his initial efforts to woo her fail, he resorts to drastic measures by enlisting the help of the chief projectionist, a man who no longer knows the difference between the real and the film worlds.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7801827", "score": "1.1179559", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Popcorn", "text": "The Popcorn \"The Popcorn\" is a 1969 instrumental written and recorded by James Brown. It was the first of several records Brown made inspired by the popular dance of the same name. Released as a single on King Records, it charted #11 R&B and #30 Pop. It also appeared as the title track of an album released the same year.The recording's bassline shares great similarities with Cold Sweat. In fact, it's a revamp of an earlier single \"Bringing Up the Guitar\" by Alfred Ellis and The Dapps, featuring the same band on this recording. The single's B-side, \"The Chicken\", written", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17089559", "score": "1.1138365", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Popcorn (novel)", "text": "Popcorn (novel) Popcorn is a 1996 novel by the British writer Ben Elton. It shares themes with a number of movies from the mid-1990s, most notably \"Natural Born Killers\" by Oliver Stone and \"Pulp Fiction\" and \"Reservoir Dogs\" by Quentin Tarantino. The play version of the novel is used by the IEB (Independent Education Board) In South Africa as one of their Postmodern set-work plays for Dramatic Arts. The book takes place in different parts of Los Angeles, California. The date is never actually specified, but various clues suggest it is set in the near future. Mostly the story takes", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4341807", "score": "1.1128421", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Popcorn (instrumental)", "text": "Popcorn (instrumental) \"Popcorn\" is an early synth-pop instrumental, composed by Gershon Kingsley in 1969 and first appearing on his album \"Music to Moog By\". It was recorded at the Audio Fidelity Records label in New York City. The title may refer to the short staccato or sharp \"popping\" sound used, or to pop music and its being \"corny\", i.e., kitschy. The title is generally written as one word, although some single sleeves (such as the one illustrated) present it as two words, \"Pop Corn\". In 1972, a re-recording of \"Popcorn\" by the band Hot Butter was a huge hit in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3218733", "score": "1.1020479", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Samuel M. Rubin", "text": "1930. There is some uncertainty about whether Rubin was the first to sell popcorn in theaters — his daughter and a former partner do not remember Rubin selling popcorn in quantity until the 1950s — but he is widely recognized for popularizing the practice. Rubin sold other snacks as well, and is responsible for creating large, \"movie sized\" candy bars and boxes. Rubin worked for ABC Vending and its predecessors from the age of 12, when he sold candy, to shortly before his death, by which time he was a regional vice president. He managed concessions for several major movie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8435273", "score": "1.1005423", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Popcorn (1991 film)", "text": "called it \"a fun little flick.\" Despite the film's mixed reception, it has gained a \"cult following\" since its release. Popcorn (1991 film) Popcorn is a 1991 American comedy horror film directed by Mark Herrier and written by Alan Ormsby. College film student and aspiring film writer Maggie Butler (Jill Schoelen) has been having recurring dreams of a young girl named Sarah who is caught in a fire and being chased by a strange man who is trying to kill her. She records what she remembers on an audio tape and plans on making the story into a film. Maggie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10773248", "score": "1.0845686", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Popcorn", "text": "in John Russell Bartlett's 1848 \"Dictionary of Americanisms\". Popcorn is an ingredient in Cracker Jack, and in the early years of the product, it was popped by hand. Popcorn's accessibility increased rapidly in the 1890s with Charles Cretors' invention of the popcorn maker. Cretors, a Chicago candy store owner, created a number of steam powered machines for roasting nuts, and applied the technology to the corn kernels. By the turn of the century, Cretors had created and deployed street carts equipped with steam powered popcorn makers. During the Great Depression, popcorn was fairly inexpensive at 5–10 cents a bag and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1774220", "score": "1.0824763", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Samuel M. Rubin", "text": "Samuel M. Rubin Samuel M. Rubin (May 24, 1918 – February 5, 2004) was a concessionaire and businessman. He is best known for introducing popcorn to movie theaters in New York in the 1930s, earning him the nickname \"Sam the Popcorn Man\". He sold pretzels at age 6 and flags at 9. He started selling popcorn in Long Island City, New York and then at the age of 12 starting selling in theaters. He is the probable pioneer of the widespread use of popcorn machines in theaters. Rubin got the idea after watching popcorn being made in Oklahoma City around", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8435272", "score": "1.0767484", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Popcorn (2007 film)", "text": "the typical Hollywood format, but \"feels more like an indy comedy.\" The film makes use of manga-style artwork and comic strips by United Kingdom resident Original English-language manga artist Sonia Leong of Sweatdrop Studios. The artwork is used as both posters in one of the character's rooms, and as illustrations in the plot. Popcorn (2007 film) Popcorn is a 2007 British romantic comedy film written and directed by Darren Paul Fisher. It was filmed in 2005 at one of London's largest multiplex cinemas, Odeon Greenwich. Too insecure to approach the girl of his dreams, Danny (Jack Ryder) takes a job", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7801829", "score": "1.07568", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Popcorn (novel)", "text": "the 1996 Crime Writers' Association's Gold Dagger Award. Elton penned a play based on the novel, which premiered at the Nottingham Playhouse in 1996, and later played in London's West End. Popcorn (novel) Popcorn is a 1996 novel by the British writer Ben Elton. It shares themes with a number of movies from the mid-1990s, most notably \"Natural Born Killers\" by Oliver Stone and \"Pulp Fiction\" and \"Reservoir Dogs\" by Quentin Tarantino. The play version of the novel is used by the IEB (Independent Education Board) In South Africa as one of their Postmodern set-work plays for Dramatic Arts. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4341812", "score": "1.0711622", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Popcorn (instrumental)", "text": "the First Moog Quartet, re-recorded \"Popcorn\" with his band Hot Butter. This version of \"Popcorn\" became the second primarily electronic-based piece of music to reach the American popular music charts, three years after \"The Minotaur\" by Dick Hyman & His Electric Eclectics. It peaked at No. 9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 4 on the Easy Listening chart, and had even greater success in Australia, topping the charts for 8 weeks. It proved equally as popular in mainland Europe, spending several weeks at No. 1 in numerous European territories, including France (4 weeks at the top) and Switzerland", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3218735", "score": "1.059831", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Popcorn (1991 film)", "text": "to class, her boyfriend Mark (Derek Rydall) embraces her and tries to get her go to his place. Maggie shuns his advances, explaining that she can't be distracted from writing her script. The university's new fledgling film department is somewhat saved when classmate Toby D'Amato (Tom Villard) has an idea to put on an all-night Horror-thon to raise funds. They set up shop in the defunct Dreamland theater, an old live theater and cinema that is to be razed in three weeks. Professor Davis (Tony Roberts) is concerned about the time constraints, but Toby has enlisted the help of Dr.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10773223", "score": "1.0568085", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Popcorn Sutton", "text": "Popcorn Sutton Marvin \"Popcorn\" Sutton (October 5, 1946March 16, 2009) was an American Appalachian moonshiner and bootlegger. Born in Maggie Valley, North Carolina, he grew up, lived, and died in the rural areas around Maggie Valley and nearby Cocke County, Tennessee. He wrote a self-published autobiographical guide to moonshining production, self-produced a home video depicting his moonshining activities, and was later the subject of several documentaries, including one that received a Regional Emmy Award. Sutton committed suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning in March 2009, aged 62, rather than report to federal prison after being convicted of offenses related to moonshining", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13170198", "score": "1.0531931", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Popcorn (instrumental)", "text": "least six languages). Artists who reworked it and made a cover record include: In 1988, M&H Band made an uptempo cover of \"Popcorn\" that has subsequently been misattributed to Kraftwerk. The M&H version is also sometimes misattributed to synthpop artist Jean Michel Jarre. There is also a version circulating on the internet that is claimed to have been made by avant-garde group The Residents even though it sounds vastly different from The Residents' usual experimental sound. This version is actually made by the hard house artists called The Rezidents, hence the confusion between the two. British electronic artist Richard D.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3218739", "score": "1.0500655", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Richard \"Popcorn\" Wylie", "text": "Richard \"Popcorn\" Wylie Richard Wayne Wylie (June 6, 1939 – September 7, 2008), often known as Popcorn Wylie, was an African-American pianist, bandleader, songwriter, occasional singer, and record producer who was influential in the early years of Motown Records and was later known for his work on many records in the Northern soul genre. Wylie was born in Detroit, Michigan, into a musical family, and learned piano. He gained the nickname \"Popcorn\" through his habit of popping quickly out of the football team's huddle at Northwestern High School. While at school, he formed a group, Popcorn and the Mohawks, which", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14811661", "score": "1.048063", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Popcorn (novel)", "text": "place in the centre of Hollywood. The book depicts the differences between different social groups in America, from rich people with guards like Bruce Delamitri to poorer people Wayne and Scout. The protagonist, Bruce Delamitiri, is an artist who works in the motion picture industry. Many people in the US think that, by making these movies, Bruce makes killing cool. Numerous characters throughout the book imply that he encourages everyone who's watching these movies to kill for fun. Bruce, on the other hand, defends himself by telling everyone that he doesn’t think he encourages anyone to do anything. He says", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4341808", "score": "1.0478082", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Popcorn maker", "text": "a serving bowl. In the middle of the 1970s, Pillsbury made microwave popcorn for sale in vending machines (and later to wide distribution in supermarkets, as microwave oven sales increased), thus reducing the need for a separate appliance in some homes. To improve flavour, texture and shelf life of pre-packaged microwave popcorn, companies started adding diacetyl, PFOA, and trans-fats into the packages which has led to some concern among health conscious snackers. Popcorn maker A popcorn maker (also called a popcorn popper) is a machine used to pop popcorn. Since ancient times, popcorn has been a popular snack food, produced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8145020", "score": "1.0431609", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Popcorn", "text": "by Brown's saxophonist and bandleader Alfred Ellis, was prominently covered by jazz bassist Jaco Pastorius on his live albums \"Invitation\" and \"The Birthday Concert\". The Popcorn \"The Popcorn\" is a 1969 instrumental written and recorded by James Brown. It was the first of several records Brown made inspired by the popular dance of the same name. Released as a single on King Records, it charted #11 R&B and #30 Pop. It also appeared as the title track of an album released the same year.The recording's bassline shares great similarities with Cold Sweat. In fact, it's a revamp of an earlier", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17089560", "score": "1.0424434", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "At the Movies (Rugrats)", "text": "as a man shouts at them down and front. An usher comes in as the babies hide around the seats to avoid being caught, inadvertently interrupting a couple having a date in the process. They leave with Lil stating that she didn't like kissing movies, because \"Nothing ever happens.\" They then wander to the concessions stand. There the babies find popcorn, orange and grape sodas, lids, napkins, cups, candy bars, ketchup, mustard and straws (the two teenage employees in charge, Larry and Steve, don't notice the babies because they're arguing over comic books). Tommy checks the popcorn both for Reptar,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14115966", "score": "1.0351492", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Popcorn (1991 film)", "text": "clever by half, but only by seven-sixteenths. It's so busy being droll and ironic it forgets to be any good.\" Chris Hicks of the \"Deseret News\" wrote, \"On the whole, \"Popcorn\" is so amateurish in its development, with pseudo-hip dialogue that drops movie references every few lines, it winds up being neither scary nor funny.\" Gary Thompson of the \"Philadelphia Daily News\" wrote that the film spoofs were inspired, but the rest of the film is much worse. Reviewing the 2001 DVD release, Adam Tyner of DVD Talk called it \"a wildly entertaining movie\", and Patrick Naugle of DVD Verdict", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10773247", "score": "1.0326035", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Popcorn (1991 film)", "text": "they can talk and advises her to bring a gun. On the night of the festival, Maggie is working the box office when Mark arrives with another girl, Joy (Karen Witter). Later, a man buys a ticket and calls Maggie \"Sarah\" before he walks away. Maggie chases after him and asks her classmate Tina (Freddie Marie Simpson) to watch the box office for her. Unable to find the man in the theater, Maggie goes up to the projection booth to tell Toby that she thinks she saw Gates. Toby decides to check the theater himself and leaves Maggie to run", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10773226", "score": "1.0308377", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Buttered Popcorn", "text": "Buttered Popcorn \"Buttered Popcorn\" is a 1961 song written by Motown president Berry Gordy and songwriter Barney Ales, and produced by Gordy, and released as a Tamla label single by Motown singing group The Supremes. It was the group's second single since signing with Motown Records (and their third overall) as well as their second, and last, single for the Tamla label, before moving to the Motown label. This is not only one of the rare singles to feature Florence Ballard on lead, but the only one with her as the sole lead. The song talks of a woman who's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12112759", "score": "1.0303152", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "PopCorn (video game)", "text": "PopCorn (video game) PopCorn is a 1989 breakout clone by French developers Christophe Lacaze and Frédérick Raynal. The game was released as freeware for MS-DOS PCs with a CGA graphics adapter, and received a reputation for being an improvement over the PC version of \"Arkanoid\", which it plays similarly to. The game was also released with the European version of \"Little Big Adventure 2\". The game is in French and was programmed in assembly language for the intel 8086 CPU clocked at 8Mhz. It can nevertheless run on any modern machines using MS-DOS emulators such as DosBox. In 2013, Popcorn", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12111970", "score": "1.0286629", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Popcorn", "text": "recipe and introduced it as Cracker Jack popcorn in 1896. Cretors's invention introduced the first patented steam-driven popcorn machine that popped corn in oil. Previously, vendors popped corn by holding a wire basket over an open flame. At best, the result was a hot, dry, unevenly cooked snack. Cretors's machine popped corn in a mixture of one-third clarified butter, two-thirds lard, and salt. This mixture can withstand the temperature needed to pop corn and it produces little smoke. A fire under a boiler created steam that drove a small engine; that engine drove the gears, shaft, and agitator that stirred", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1774226", "score": "1.0270393", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Popcorn (instrumental)", "text": "many countries. The track has since been covered by a great number of artists. Composer Gershon Kingsley (of Perrey and Kingsley) first recorded \"Popcorn\" for his 1969 album \"Music to Moog By\". In 1971 the track was re-recorded by Kingsley's band First Moog Quartet. The record was one of a rash of Moog synthesizer-based releases, following the \"Billboard\" albums chart success Walter Carlos had in 1968 with \"Switched-On Bach\", and which characterized electronic music of the future. There were two 7\" covers, both released in 1972 under Musicor Records and Stateside labels. In 1972, Stan Free, a fellow member of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3218734", "score": "1.0247505", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Popcorn", "text": "the latter developed only as recently as 1998. Growing conditions and popping environment can also affect the butterfly-to-mushroom ratio. When referring to multiple pieces of popcorn, it is acceptable to use the term \"popcorn\". When referring to a singular piece of popcorn, the accepted terminology is kernel. Popcorn is a popular snack food at sporting events and in cinemas, where it has been served since the 1930s. Cinemas have come under fire due to their high markup on popcorn; Stuart Hanson, a film historian at De Montfort University in Leicester once said \"\"One of the great jokes in the industry", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1774236", "score": "1.0229474", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Popcorn (1991 film)", "text": "to kill his own family on stage in the live final scene of the film before setting the theater on fire, trapping the audience inside. Maggie soon becomes obsessed with the film and trying to figure out why she has been dreaming about it. When she asks her mother if she has heard of Gates or \"Possessor\", Suzanne becomes uncomfortable; she urges Maggie to quit the festival and wants them to go away together. After Maggie goes to bed, Suzanne receives another prank call from someone she believes to be Gates. He tells her to meet him at Dreamland so", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10773225", "score": "1.0217685", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Popcorn (1991 film)", "text": "of the movie theater's marquee fall on the ground and in their place appears a new sign: \"Possessor\". Actually no character in this film, including the killer has the ability to do something like this. The film was not a box office success. The film opened in 8th place its debut weekend with a tally of $2,563,365 from just over 1,000 screens. It ended its domestic box office run with $4,205,000. \"Popcorn\" was initially released on home video in June 1991. \"Variety\" reported in 1993 that home video sales equaled $2,043,179. Elite Entertainment released a DVD edition of \"Popcorn\" in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10773244", "score": "1.0176556", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Popcorn", "long_answer": "During the Great Depression, popcorn was fairly inexpensive at 5–10 cents a bag and became popular. Thus, while other businesses failed, the popcorn business thrived and became a source of income for many struggling farmers, including the Redenbacher family, namesake of the famous popcorn brand. During World War II, sugar rations diminished candy production, and Americans compensated by eating three times as much popcorn as they had before. The snack was popular at theaters, much to the initial displeasure of many of the theater owners, who thought it distracted from the films. Their minds eventually changed, however, and in 1938 a Midwestern theater owner named Glen W. Dickson installed popcorn machines in the lobbies of his theaters. The venture was a financial success, and the trend soon spread.", "chunked_long_answer": "source of income for many struggling farmers, including the Redenbacher family, namesake of the famous popcorn brand. During World War II, sugar rations diminished candy production, and Americans compensated by eating three times as much popcorn as they had before. The snack was popular at theaters, much to the initial displeasure of many of the theater owners, who thought it distracted from the films. Their minds eventually changed, however, and in 1938 a Midwestern theater owner named Glen W. Dickson installed popcorn machines in the lobbies of his theaters. The venture was a financial success, and the trend soon spread.", "short_answers": [ "Glen W. Dickson" ] }

[ "Napoleon", "Napoleon Bonaparte" ]

[ { "title": "French Revolution", "text": "to 40,000. After the Thermidorian Reaction, an executive council known as the Directory assumed control of the French state in 1795. The rule of the Directory was characterised by suspended elections, debt repudiations, financial instability, persecutions against the Catholic clergy, and significant military conquests abroad. Dogged by charges of corruption, the Directory collapsed in a coup led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799. Napoleon, who became the hero of the Revolution through his popular military campaigns, went on to establish the Consulate and later the First Empire, setting the stage for a wider array of global conflicts in the Napoleonic Wars.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Second French Empire", "text": "ministry. The republican party, unlike the country, which hailed this reconciliation of liberty and order, refused to be content with the liberties they had won; they refused all compromise, declaring themselves more than ever decided upon the overthrow of the Empire. The killing of the journalist Victor Noir by Pierre Bonaparte, a member of the imperial family, gave the revolutionaries their long desired opportunity (January 10). But the \"émeute\" (uprising) ended in a failure. In a concession to democratic currents, the emperor put his policy to a plebiscite on May 8, 1870. The result was a substantial success for Bonaparte,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1702276", "score": "1.0035342", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Vincent-Marie Viénot, Count of Vaublanc", "text": "of the arrival of the Royal Family, who, after the March on the Tuileries, placed themselves under the protection of the Legislative Assembly at the \"Place du Carrousel\". The incident is described in his memoirs. The second volume of his memoirs provides insight into the general atmosphere at the time of the Terror, as felt by an aristocratic royalist, who was at risk of being arrested at any moment and finishing up on the scaffold, and yet forced to travel back and forth over the territory of the brand new French Republic. On the evening of 10 August he was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9496971", "score": "0.98236334", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Vidame de Chartres", "text": "the Revolution. However, this was not enough to save him from being guillotined under the \"loi des suspects\" on the orders of Louis de Saint-Just, in one of the last fits of the Reign of Terror in May 1794. After only 20 years the estate was sold to Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre (1725–1793), grandson of Louis XIV of France by Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse, his legitimized son with Madame de Montespan (and incidentally, along with his brother, especially detested by Saint-Simon). The sale was in 1784 for 5.5 million francs, a very large sum. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20622941", "score": "0.97212106", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Louis Auguste Blanqui", "text": "by Pierre Bonaparte; the other on 14 August, when he led an attempt to seize some guns from a barracks. Upon the fall of the Empire, through the revolution of 4 September, Blanqui established the club and journal \"La patrie en danger\". He was one of the group that briefly seized the reins of power on 31 October and for his share in that outbreak he was again condemned to death \"in absentia\" on 9 March of the following year. On 17 March, Adolphe Thiers, aware of the threat represented by Blanqui, took advantage of his resting at a friend", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2229475", "score": "0.96775377", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Louis XVI of France", "text": "blood sample was taken from a squash gourd carved to commemorate the heroes of the French Revolution that had, according to legend, been used to house one of the handkerchiefs dipped in Louis's blood. The 19th-century historian Jules Michelet attributed the restoration of the French monarchy to the sympathy that had been engendered by the execution of Louis XVI. Michelet's \"Histoire de la Révolution Française\" and Alphonse de Lamartine's \"Histoire des Girondins\", in particular, showed the marks of the feelings aroused by the revolution's regicide. The two writers did not share the same sociopolitical vision, but they agreed that, even", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "617775", "score": "0.96673954", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Théodore Gosselin", "text": "but died before being able to sit in the Academy and never made the speech which he had written in homage to his predecessor, René Bazin. His works include: \"Paris Révolutionnaire, La Guillotine et les exécuteurs des arrêts criminels pendant la Révolution; Un conspirateur royaliste pendant la Terreur : le baron de Bats; Le Vrai Chevalier de Maison-Rouge; La Captivité et la mort de Marie-Antoinette; La Chouannerie normande au temps de l’Empire; Le Drame de Varennes; Les Massacres de Septembre; Les Fils de Philippe-Égalité pendant la Terreur; Bleus, Blancs et Rouges; Le Roi Louis XVII et l’énigme du Temple; La", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7425635", "score": "0.9581461", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Jean Gabriel Maurice Rocques", "text": "Great Britain after the 10th of August 1792 attack on the Tuileries, he returned six weeks later to Paris, where his safety during the Reign of Terror was most probably purchased by services to the French Republic. He was again serving the Bourbon princes when he met Emperor Francis II at Ypres (in the Austrian Netherlands) in 1794 and met with William Pitt the Younger in London, where he published his \"État de la France au mois de mai 1794\", predicting the fall of Maximilien Robespierre and the start of the Thermidorian Reaction. Rocques was also employed by Louis XVIII", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5589817", "score": "0.95573926", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Alexandre de Beauharnais", "text": "Mainz during the Siege of Mainz in 1793, and considered an aristocratic \"\"suspect\"\", he was jailed in the Carmes prison and sentenced to death during the Reign of Terror. His wife, Josephine de Beauharnais, was jailed in the same prison on 21 April 1794, but she was freed after three months, thanks to the trial of Maximilien Robespierre. Alexandre was guillotined, together with his cousin Augustin, on the \"Place de la Révolution\" (today's Place de la Concorde) in Paris, only five days before the deposition and execution of Robespierre. Through his son, he is an ancestor of the current monarchs", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3834717", "score": "0.95443785", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Empress Joséphine", "text": "July 1794). Her husband was accused of having poorly defended Mainz in July 1793, and being considered an aristocratic \"suspect\", was sentenced to death and guillotined, with his cousin Augustin, on 23 July 1794, on the \"Place de la Révolution\" (today's Place de la Concorde) in Paris. Joséphine was freed five days later, thanks to the fall and execution of Robespierre, which ended the Reign of Terror. On 27 July 1794 (9 Thermidor), Tallien arranged the liberation of Thérèse Cabarrus, and soon after that of Joséphine. In June 1795, a new law allowed her to recover the possessions of Alexandre.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "725820", "score": "0.9536576", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Estates of the realm", "text": "composed of the former representatives of the three estates stepping up to govern along with an emergency committee in the power vacuum existing after the Bourbon monarchy fled Paris. Among the Assembly was Maximilien de Robespierre, an influential member of the Jacobins who would years later become instrumental in the turbulent period of violence and political upheaval in France known as the Reign of Terror (5 September 1793 – 28 July 1794). Whilst the estates were never formulated in a way that prevented social mobility, the English (subsequently the British) parliament was long based along the classic estate lines being", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2389438", "score": "0.9465738", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Bonaparte, First Consul", "text": "the Liège Revolution. The excesses of the French Revolution and of the counter-revolutionaries were put into perspective by the painting, in a context of détente and reconciliation between the French Republic and the Catholic Church. Official relations between France and the papacy had been poor since civil constitution of the clergy in 1790, but the painting's reconstruction of the then-ruined cathedral symbolised the resumption of good relations between them and the \"protection\" the First French Republic granted to the Catholic Church in the concordat of 1801. Bonaparte, First Consul Bonaparte, First Consul (\"Bonaparte, Premier Consul\") is an 1804 portrait of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14892169", "score": "0.94655985", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Louis XVI and the Legislative Assembly", "text": "Roman Empire afforded matter of complaint to France. The persistence of the French in offering only money as compensation to the German princes who had claims in Alsace afforded matter of complaint to the Empire. Foreign statesmen noticed with alarm the effect of the French Revolution upon opinion in their own countries, and they resented the endeavours of French revolutionaries to make converts there. Of these statesmen, the emperor Leopold II was the most intelligent. He had skillfully extricated himself from the embarrassments at home and abroad left by his predecessor Joseph II. He had family ties to Louis XVI,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2286799", "score": "0.9454358", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Reign of Terror", "text": "began with the fall of the monarchy, an event that effectively defrocked the State of its sanctification by the clergy via the doctrine of Divine Right and ushered in an era of reason. Many long-held rights and powers were stripped from the Church and given to the State. In 1789, church lands were expropriated and priests killed and forced to leave France. A Festival of Reason was held in the Notre Dame Cathedral, which was renamed \"The Temple of Reason\", and the old traditional calendar was replaced with a new revolutionary one. The leaders of the Terror tried to address", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "351665", "score": "0.9428021", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "La fille de Madame Angot", "text": "a stock character in stage comedy of the Revolutionary period. The opera was first presented at the Fantaisies-Parisiennes on 4 December 1872, and ran for more than 500 performances. In Paris, where it opened on 21 February 1873 at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques, it enjoyed a run of 411 performances, and set box-office records for the receipts. Productions quickly followed in theatres throughout France: within a year of the opening of the Paris production, the work was given in 103 French cities and towns. The scene of the opera is Directoire Paris, 1794; the Reign of Terror is over, but", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11675715", "score": "0.9411055", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Tabouillot", "text": "a royalist counter-revolutionary army during the French Revolution. During the Reign of Terror, he fled to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1793; his mother Anne de Grandfèbre was executed by guillotine in Paris in 1794 and the family's property in France was confiscated. In Prussia Louis de Tabouillot was accepted as a lieutenant of the Prussian Army on 29 January 1795 by a special decree of King Frederick William II of Prussia. The King promised him a promotion to captain when he had improved his knowledge of the German language. Accordingly, he was later promoted to captain in the Count", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17816552", "score": "0.94041395", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "July Monarchy", "text": "retrieve them. This announcement immediately struck a chord with public opinion, which was swept along with patriotic fervor. Thiers saw in this act the successful completion of the rehabilitation of the Revolution and of the Empire, which he had attempted in his \"Histoire de la Révolution française\" and his \"Histoire du Consulat et de l'Empire\", while Louis-Philippe, who was reluctant, aimed at capturing for himself a touch of the imperial glory, just as he had appropriated the legitimist monarchy's glory in the Château de Versailles. The prince Louis-Napoléon decided to seize the opportunity to land in Boulogne-sur-Mer on 6 August", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2318462", "score": "0.93876755", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "René-Nicolas Dufriche Desgenettes", "text": "unrest was at its height. He joined the Girondins and then, on their elimination by the Montagnards during the Reign of Terror, he took refuge in Rouen. The events of 1792 and early 1793 had caused the whole of Europe to take up arms against France and so, on the advice of his former teacher Vicq-d’Azyr and driven by a desire to serve the Republican fatherland, he got himself sent as a surgeon to the army gathering on the borders of Italy in February 1793. He soon became one of the top army surgeons through his energy and courage, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11825962", "score": "0.9377021", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot", "text": "Grandfèbre (1747–1794). Before and during the French Revolution he was an officer of the French King's personal bodyguard Garde du Corps at Versailles and later of the royalist counter-revolutionary Armée des Princes. He fled from France during the Reign of Terror in 1793, after his mother had been executed by guillotine in Paris. He was appointed an officer in the Prussian Army by special royal decree in 1795 and recognised as noble in the Kingdom of Prussia. After Essen became part of the Grand Duchy of Berg, a French satellite state, during the Napoleonic Wars, he was appointed as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20635955", "score": "0.9374794", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Second French Empire", "text": "individuals, a surveillance of suspects was instituted. Felice Orsini's attack on the emperor in 1858, though purely Italian in its motive, served as a pretext for increasing the severity of this \"régime\" by the law of general security (\"sûreté générale\") which authorised the internment, exile or deportation of any suspect without trial. In the same way public instruction was strictly supervised, the teaching of philosophy was suppressed in the \"lycées\", and the disciplinary powers of the administration were increased. For seven years France had no democratic life. The Empire governed by a series of plebiscites. Up to 1857 the Opposition", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1702285", "score": "0.9361676", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Catholic Church in France", "text": "and Catholics strived for supremacy in the Wars of Religion until the 1598 Edict of Nantes established a measure of religious toleration. The French Revolution (also known as the Reign of Terror among Catholics) radically shifted power away from the Catholic Church as Church property was confiscated and the church crop tax and special clergy privileges were eliminated. With the 1790 Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the clergy became employees of the state and the Catholic Church became a subordinate arm of the secular French government. During the Reign of Terror, traditional Christian holidays were abolished and Catholic priests were", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2901392", "score": "0.93425286", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "Reign of Terror", "text": "Reign of Terror The Reign of Terror, or The Terror (), is the label given by most historians to a period during the French Revolution after the First French Republic was established. Several historians consider the \"reign of terror\" to have begun in 1793, placing the starting date at either 5 September, June or March (birth of the Revolutionary Tribunal), while some consider it to have begun in September 1792 (September Massacres), or even July 1789 (when the first lynchings took place), but there is a consensus that it ended with the fall of Maximilien Robespierre in July 1794. Between", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "351650", "score": "0.9302702", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "France", "text": "who took refuge in the Legislative Assembly. A Prussian army invaded France later in August 1792. In early September, Parisians, infuriated by the Prussian army capturing Verdun and counter-revolutionary uprisings in the west of France, murdered between 1,000 and 1,500 prisoners by raiding the Parisian prisons. The Assembly and the Paris city council seemed unable to stop that bloodshed. The National Convention, chosen in the first elections under male universal suffrage, on 20 September 1792 succeeded the Legislative Assembly and on 21 September abolished the monarchy by proclaiming the French First Republic. Ex-King Louis XVI was convicted of treason and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8209818", "score": "0.930138", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Empress Joséphine", "text": "a happy one, leading to a court-ordered separation during which she and the children lived at Alexandre's expense in the Pentemont Abbey. On 2 March 1794, during the Reign of Terror, the Committee of Public Safety ordered the arrest of her husband. He was jailed in the Carmes prison in Paris. Considering Joséphine as too close to the counter-revolutionary financial circles, the Committee ordered her arrest on 18 April 1794. A warrant of arrest was issued against her on 2 Floréal, year II (April 21, 1794), and she was imprisoned in the Carmes prison until 10 Thermidor, year II (28", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "725819", "score": "0.92872334", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Adélaïde of France (1732–1800)", "text": "after the succession of her nephew. The sisters had in fact been infected by their father and fell ill with smallpox (which they recovered from), and were kept in quarantine on a little house near the Palace of Choisy, to which the court evacuated after the death of the king until their recovery. Despite this, however, Madame Adelaide had the time to intervene in the establishment of the new government: Louis XVI had been advised by his father to ask the advice of Adelaide should he become King, and after his succession, he sent her a letter and asked her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6029280", "score": "0.9278261", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "History of France", "text": "In June 1791, the royal family secretly fled Paris in disguise for Varennes near France's northeastern border in order to seek royalist support the king believed he could trust, but they were soon discovered en route. They were brought back to Paris, after which they were essentially kept under house arrest at the Tuileries. In August 1791, Emperor Leopold II of Austria and King Frederick William II of Prussia in the Declaration of Pillnitz declared their intention to bring the French king in a position \"to consolidate the basis of a monarchical government\", and that they were preparing their own", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "182576", "score": "0.92777175", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Palais Garnier", "text": "house, only the first six letters of the word IMPERIALE were replaced, giving the now famous \"ACADEMIE NATIONALE DE MUSIQUE\", an official title which had actually only been used during the approximately two-year period of the Second Republic which had preceded the Second Empire. All work on the building came to a halt during the Franco-Prussian War due to the siege of Paris (September 1870 – January 1871). Construction had so advanced that parts of the building could be used as a food warehouse and a hospital. After France's defeat Garnier became seriously ill from the deprivations of the siege", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "763789", "score": "0.92419374", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Un épisode sous la Terreur", "text": "friends of his, and notices a tumbril passing by with the executioner and his victims. The priest faints when he recognises that the executioner is the stranger who has been helping them, and realises that the handerkerchief was the king's. The story takes place during the Reign of Terror, from 1793 to 1794. It starts the day after the execution of King Louis XVI. The story is fictional, but it features an historical figure, Charles-Henri Sanson, who was the High Executioner, and conducted the execution of Louis XVI. However the story does not give his name. The Reign of Terror", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20619239", "score": "0.92262256", "original_retrieval_index": 43 }, { "title": "Jean-Joseph de Laborde", "text": "this was not enough to save him from being guillotined in Paris under the \"loi des suspects\" on the orders of Louis de Saint-Just, in one of the last fits of the Reign of Terror in May 1794. In 1792 much of the fabulous Orleans Collection of paintings was briefly his, before he was forced by events to abandon his ambition to exhibit them in his Paris house, and sold them. Jean-Joseph de Laborde Jean-Joseph, marquis de Laborde (29 January 1724 – 18 April 1794) was a French businessman, \"fermier général\" and banker to the king, who turned politician. A", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12042137", "score": "0.92234796", "original_retrieval_index": 44 }, { "title": "Champ de Mars Massacre", "text": "Champ de Mars Massacre The Champ de Mars Massacre took place on 17 July 1791 in Paris against a crowd of republican protesters in the midst of the French Revolution. The event is named after the site of the massacre, the Champ de Mars. Two days before, the National Constituent Assembly issued a decree that the king, Louis XVI, would retain his throne under a constitutional monarchy. This decision came after Louis and his family had unsuccessfully tried to flee France in the Flight to Varennes the month before. Later that day, leaders of the republicans in France rallied against", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14545766", "score": "0.92231864", "original_retrieval_index": 45 } ]

{ "title": "French Revolution", "long_answer": "External threats closely shaped the course of the Revolution. The Revolutionary Wars beginning in 1792 ultimately featured French victories that facilitated the conquest of the Italian Peninsula, the Low Countries and most territories west of the Rhine – achievements that had eluded previous French governments for centuries. Internally, popular agitation radicalised the Revolution significantly, culminating in the rise of Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins. The dictatorship imposed by the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror, from 1793 until 1794, established price controls on food and other items, abolished slavery in French colonies abroad, dechristianised society through the creation of a new calendar and the expulsion of religious figures, and secured the borders of the new republic from its enemies. Large numbers of civilians were executed by revolutionary tribunals during the Terror, with estimates ranging from 16,000 to 40,000. After the Thermidorian Reaction, an executive council known as the Directory assumed control of the French state in 1795. The rule of the Directory was characterised by suspended elections, debt repudiations, financial instability, persecutions against the Catholic clergy, and significant military conquests abroad. Dogged by charges of corruption, the Directory collapsed in a coup led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799. Napoleon, who became the hero of the Revolution through his popular military campaigns, went on to establish the Consulate and later the First Empire, setting the stage for a wider array of global conflicts in the Napoleonic Wars.", "chunked_long_answer": "to 40,000. After the Thermidorian Reaction, an executive council known as the Directory assumed control of the French state in 1795. The rule of the Directory was characterised by suspended elections, debt repudiations, financial instability, persecutions against the Catholic clergy, and significant military conquests abroad. Dogged by charges of corruption, the Directory collapsed in a coup led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799. Napoleon, who became the hero of the Revolution through his popular military campaigns, went on to establish the Consulate and later the First Empire, setting the stage for a wider array of global conflicts in the Napoleonic Wars.", "short_answers": [ "Napoleon Bonaparte" ] }

[ "16" ]

[ { "title": "Touching Evil", "text": "a British television drama serial, which began airing in 1997. It was produced by United Productions for Anglia Television, and screened on the ITV network. The first season consists of six 50 minute (one-hour with advertisements) episodes. It was created by Paul Abbott, and written by Abbott with Russell T Davies. The serial was very popular, and led to two sequel serials in 1998 and 1999, although these were not written by Abbott or Davies. The first episode aired on 29 April 1997. The last episode of the series aired on 6 June 1999, after 16 episodes and 3 seasons.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Touching Evil (U.S. TV series)", "text": "Willis' production company Cheyenne Enterprises, and premiered on March 12, 2004. It ran for 12 episodes, ending on June 14, 2004. Although \"Touching Evil\" garnered acclaim from television critics, the USA Network deemed it commercially unsuccessful and opted not to renew the series for a second season. Returning from a year-long psychological leave of absence after surviving an almost-fatal gunshot wound to the head, Detective David Creegan (Jeffrey Donovan) is assigned to the FBI's Organized and Serial Crime Unit – a rapid-response, elite crime investigation squad – where he and his new partner, Detective Susan Branca (Vera Farmiga), find themselves", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18278491", "score": "1.0973289", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Touching Evil", "text": "Touching Evil Touching Evil is a British television drama serial following the exploits of a crack squad on the Organised & Serial Crime Unit, a rapid response police force that serves the entire county. It began airing in 1997. It was produced by United Productions for Anglia Television, and screened on the ITV network. The first season consists of six 50 minute (one-hour with advertisements) episodes. It was created by Paul Abbott, and written by Abbott with Russell T Davies. The serial was very popular, and led to two sequel serials in 1998 and 1999, although these were not written", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3470909", "score": "1.091895", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Touching Evil (U.S. TV series)", "text": "committed to saving lives and solving cases. In spite of his inability to abide by common sense and the laws he is sworn to uphold, Creegan, with the help of Branca, works on hunting down the most vicious criminals on the streets. Touching Evil (U.S. TV series) Touching Evil is an American crime drama television series, based on the British series of the same name created by Paul Abbott. It starred Jeffrey Donovan as Detective David Creegan and Vera Farmiga as Creegan's partner Detective Susan Branca. Brian Markinson, Kevin Durand and Zach Grenier co-starred. The premise of this adaptation was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18278492", "score": "1.0598761", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Touching Evil (U.S. TV series)", "text": "Touching Evil (U.S. TV series) Touching Evil is an American crime drama television series, based on the British series of the same name created by Paul Abbott. It starred Jeffrey Donovan as Detective David Creegan and Vera Farmiga as Creegan's partner Detective Susan Branca. Brian Markinson, Kevin Durand and Zach Grenier co-starred. The premise of this adaptation was somewhat different to the UK series' storyline. Rather than acquiring the ability to sense criminals, Creegan's recovery from a gunshot wound to the head instead strips him of his impulse control and sense of shame. The series was produced by actor Bruce", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18278490", "score": "1.0223317", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Evil Touch", "text": "The Evil Touch The Evil Touch is an Australian-produced television series, originally broadcast in Australia in 1973 and produced by Amalgamated Pictures Australasia in association with Olola Productions Australia. An anthology series, each episode had a self-contained story usually in a thriller or horror style, and often with a twist ending. Subjects explored included the occult, science fiction, murder schemes, and whodunits. Each episode had a new cast of guest actors playing new characters, although several guest stars appeared in more than one episode. The series was produced by American producer Mende Brown and partly funded by the Nine Network.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8767774", "score": "1.0018946", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Evil Touch", "text": "A key feature was the involvement of internationally known actors. Some were lured to Australia to participate in the show by also being allowed to direct an episode. Supporting roles were filled by Australian actors. Although Australian television was still in black and white in 1973, to aid international marketability this series was shot entirely in colour, and on film. Each episode was introduced by Anthony Quayle who appeared in a darkened studio surrounded by unearthly golden smoke imagery, frequently reminding viewers that there \"was a touch of evil in all of us\". He returned to provide the epilogue to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8767775", "score": "0.9861758", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Evil Touch", "text": "and ITV in the UK, with later airings in the 1990s on Bravo. In Australia it was repeated in a late-night slot several times up until the mid-1980s. The Evil Touch The Evil Touch is an Australian-produced television series, originally broadcast in Australia in 1973 and produced by Amalgamated Pictures Australasia in association with Olola Productions Australia. An anthology series, each episode had a self-contained story usually in a thriller or horror style, and often with a twist ending. Subjects explored included the occult, science fiction, murder schemes, and whodunits. Each episode had a new cast of guest actors playing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8767777", "score": "0.9768654", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Touch (TV series)", "text": "worse things on TV than a fast-paced action drama.\" \"Touch\" debuted to over 12 million viewers in the pilot episode, with the next episode pulling in more than 11.8 million. But ratings fell sharply after that, and the season one finale garnered just 4.6 million viewers. After the first two episodes of season two, all of the remaining 11 episodes fell short of 3 million viewers, leading to the series cancellation. Touch (TV series) Touch is an American drama television series that ran on Fox from January 25, 2012, to May 10, 2013. The series was created by Tim Kring", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15670864", "score": "0.9538089", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Touch (TV series)", "text": "bad guys, evil corporations, a family unit, and a headlong rush toward the Truth, whatever that may be.\" \"The New York Times\" Neil Genzlinger called the season \"considerably darker and more complex,\" adding \"The intricacies may make it harder for new viewers to crack the show without doing some catch-up watching, but they also make it far more absorbing.\" David Hinckley of the \"Daily News\" found two problems with the second season—\"characters like popups in a video game\" and \"as the action ramps up, Jake's gift recedes.\" He added, \"The show still has some interesting things happening, and there are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15670863", "score": "0.9511018", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Touch of Evil", "text": "The Touch of Evil The Touch of Evil is a fix-up fantasy horror novel written by John Rackham. Its three episodic parts were originally written as short stories and published in the December 1960 and June and December 1961 issues of the British magazine \"Science Fantasy\". The book was first published in paperback by Brown, Watson in 1963 as no. R658 of its Digit Books series. Narrated by protagonist Chapman Jones (\"Chappie\"), the stories involve his pulp-style adventures with colleagues Dr. Ken Wilson and others in combating menaces of supernatural horror. Madame Tara, the old fortune teller living upstairs from", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17698350", "score": "0.94902635", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Touch (TV series)", "text": "Fox TV Records on February 28, 2012. The first season of the show was met with \"generally favorable\" reviews, and obtained a Metacritic score of 63/100. The second season received \"mixed or average\" reviews with a Metacritic score of 60/100. Michael Landweber of PopMatters called the first episode \"stunningly effective\", and said that \"its mix of spirituality and science, familial and global struggles, is galvanising.\" He also noted that \"The boy's narration, unnervingly matter-of-fact about the nature of the universe, takes on more power when he reveals that in 11 years, he has never spoken a word.\" In a review", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15670860", "score": "0.93582606", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Touch of Evil", "text": "of Dr. Wilson and Yalna in order to use their bodies to further their quest. Chappie and Hassim pursue them through London's seedy night scene in the doctor's Rolls Royce to thwart the plot and restore their friends. The country home of an old friend of Dr. Wilson is terrorized by an apelike monstrosity, which Wilson, Chappie and Yalna are called in to investigate. The villainous Beamish, dabbler in the dark arts, appears to be involved. The Touch of Evil The Touch of Evil is a fix-up fantasy horror novel written by John Rackham. Its three episodic parts were originally", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17698352", "score": "0.91228276", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Touched (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)", "text": "Touched (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) \"Touched\" is the 20th episode of the seventh and final season of the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". When Spike returns from his mission with Andrew, he is enraged to find that the Scooby Gang have lost faith in Buffy's leadership, during his absence, and have evicted her from her home. He denounces them all as traitors, then storms out in disgust to find Buffy after exchanging a few blows with Faith. Spike tracks down and comforts a depressed Buffy, while Faith accepts her role as the newly elected leader of the Potentials. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5606854", "score": "0.8929089", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "A Touch of Murder", "text": "A Touch of Murder A Touch of Murder is the first episode in the BBC drama serial \"I, Claudius\", based on the novels by Robert Graves. It was first broadcast on 20 September 1976 on BBC 2, in a two-hour special, along with the second episode \"Family Affairs\", and subsequent DVD and VHS releases put the two episodes together. It first aired at 9:00 pm and finished at 9:50, with the next episode straight after, and was later repeated on 25 September at 10:20 pm. The story begins with an old Claudius in his study, just starting to write the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13083051", "score": "0.89026666", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Touch (TV series)", "text": "Touch (TV series) Touch is an American drama television series that ran on Fox from January 25, 2012, to May 10, 2013. The series was created by Tim Kring and starred Kiefer Sutherland. During its first season the series aired regularly on Thursday nights beginning March 22, 2012. Thirteen episodes were ordered for the first season, with the two-episode season finale airing on Thursday, May 31, 2012. On May 9, 2012, Fox renewed the show for a second season. The second season was originally scheduled to begin Friday, October 26, 2012, but was pushed back to Friday, February 8, 2013.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15670852", "score": "0.8758185", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Touched by an Angel (season 5)", "text": "was released to Region 1 DVD on July 24, 2012. The episodes use the song \"Walk With You\", performed by Reese, as their opening theme. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Touched by an Angel (season 5) The fifth season of the American dramatic television series \"Touched by an Angel\" aired CBS from September 20, 1998 through May 23, 1999, spanning 27 episodes. Created by John Masius and produced by Martha Williamson, the series chronicled the cases of two angels, Monica (Roma Downey) and her supervisor Tess (Della Reese), who bring messages from God to various people to help them as they reach a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14451886", "score": "0.87153685", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Touched by an Angel (season 6)", "text": "as their opening theme. CBS released the sixth season on DVD on September 25, 2012. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Touched by an Angel (season 6) The sixth season of the American dramatic television series \"Touched by an Angel\" aired CBS from September 26, 1999 through May 21, 2000, spanning 26 episodes. Created by John Masius and produced by Martha Williamson, the series chronicled the cases of two angels, Monica (Roma Downey) and her supervisor Tess (Della Reese), who bring messages from God to various people to help them as they reach a crossroads in their lives. They are frequently joined by Andrew", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14451913", "score": "0.86755705", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Evil Touch", "text": "each installment, always wishing viewers \"pleasant dreams\". Each episode featured a new setting and characters and a different cast. Several name actors appeared, acting in multiple episodes as different characters: Morrow and McGavin each directed one of the episodes they acted in. Australian actors in supporting roles included Jack Thompson, Elaine Lee, John Morris, June Thody, Tony Bonner, Neva Carr Glyn, Janet Kingsbury, Mirren Lee, Reg Evans. The series was initially screened in Australia by the Nine Network in a prime time slot. The series was also screened in first-run syndication and later re-ran on TV Land in the US", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8767776", "score": "0.8599949", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Willo the Wisp", "text": "being shown on weekdays between the end of the main children's programming for that afternoon, and the BBC Evening news at 5:40pm. The series was repeated on satellite channel Galaxy in 1989 and on Channel 4 during the early 1990s. On the Kult Kidz Gold DVD there was an extra video \"Do Not Touch\" which featured the last part of \"Cats and Dogs\", where Evil Edna makes the screen blank. In January 2008, a promotional DVD containing all 26 episodes from Season 1 was distributed by \"The Times\" newspaper. A second series of 26 episodes (5 minutes each) was produced", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4651554", "score": "0.8549885", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Touched by an Angel", "text": "series moved from its Sunday time slot to a Saturday one, it dropped to 79th place, with 8.3 million viewers. A book on the series, \"Touched by an Angel\", was published by Zondervan in November 1997. Written by Williams and Robin Sheets, it contains background information on some of the stories featured, series production information, basic details on the first fifty episodes and profiles of Downey, Reese and Dye. It also has short story versions of four episodes: \"Interview with an Angel\", \"There, but for the Grace of God\", \"An Unexpected Snow\" and \"Jacob's Ladder\". A second book, \"In the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2759688", "score": "0.84852356", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Touch (TV series)", "text": "Amelia in their telepathic world. They also encounter Calvin Norburg (Lukas Haas), a former Aster Corps genius who is trying to heal his brain-damaged brother, and a murderous former priest, Guillermo Ortiz (Saïd Taghmaoui), who is determined to eliminate all of the Righteous 36 in order to restore the natural order of the universe, with God on top. After Lucy is killed on the orders of Aster Corps CEO Nicole Farington (Frances Fisher), Martin discovers that Farington plans to capture Jake and Amelia in order to decipher the God Sequence and use its predictive qualities to save the failing company.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15670858", "score": "0.8471997", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Duel (1971 film)", "text": "Orson Welles' \"Touch of Evil\". Weaver repeats one of his lines from \"Touch of Evil\", telling the truck driver in the cafe that he has \"another think coming.\" This phrase is commonly misstated as \"another thing coming\", as Weaver's character did in \"Touch of Evil\". In the Archive of American Television website, Spielberg is quoted in an interview given by Weaver as saying: \"You know, I watch that movie at least twice a year to remember what I did\". Matheson's script made explicit that the unnamed truck driver, the villain of the film, is unseen aside from the shots of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1854908", "score": "0.84665805", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Evil Queen (Once Upon a Time)", "text": "quite as bad as this one, which combines a gross abuse of magic with far-fetched plot developments and incredibly repetitive storytelling. Dear god, how many variations of Regina hunting down Snow White are we going to see on this show?\" The Evil Queen (Once Upon a Time) \"The Evil Queen\" is the 20th episode of the second season of the American ABC fantasy/drama television series \"Once Upon a Time\", and the show's 42nd episode overall. It aired on April 28, 2013. In this episode, Hook helps Regina find a way to get her and Henry to the Enchanted Forest; and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17258197", "score": "0.8457707", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Touched by an Angel (season 2)", "text": "Touched by an Angel (season 2) The second season of the American dramatic television series \"Touched by an Angel\" ran on CBS from September 23, 1995 to May 18, 1996, spanning 24 episodes. Created by John Masius and produced by Martha Williamson, the series chronicled the cases of two angels, Monica (Roma Downey) and her supervisor Tess (Della Reese), who bring messages from God to various people to help them as they reach a crossroads in their lives. A third angel, Andrew (John Dye) is introduced as the \"Angel of Death\". A season set containing all of the episodes of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14451872", "score": "0.8413047", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Touched by an Angel (season 1)", "text": "Touched by an Angel (season 1) The first season of the American dramatic television series \"Touched by an Angel\" premiered on CBS on September 21, 1994 where it ran for 11 episodes until it concluded on March 4, 1995. Created by John Masius and produced by Martha Williamson, the series chronicled the cases of two angels, Monica (Roma Downey) and her supervisor Tess (Della Reese), who bring messages from God to various people to help them as they reach a crossroads in their lives. A season set containing all of the episodes of the season was released to Region 1", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14451866", "score": "0.8409897", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Touched by an Angel (season 3)", "text": "was released to Region 1 DVD on August 31, 2004. The episodes use the song \"Walk With You\", performed by Reese, as their opening theme. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Touched by an Angel (season 3) The third season of the American dramatic television series \"Touched by an Angel\" aired CBS from September 15, 1996 through May 18, 1997, spanning 29 episodes. Created by John Masius and produced by Martha Williamson, the series chronicled the cases of two angels, Monica (Roma Downey) and her supervisor Tess (Della Reese), who bring messages from God to various people to help them as they reach a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14451878", "score": "0.84042096", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Touch (TV series)", "text": "The season ends with Amelia losing her special powers and Jake being secretly marked as the special one of the 36 by the rabbi. Calvin loses his sick brother after all his efforts, and Martin becomes the sole protector of the 36. The God Sequence is finally fully revealed. \"Touch\" season one was shot at The Culver Studios in Culver City, California, and on location in Los Angeles. Season two was filmed at Fox Studios in Century City, Los Angeles. \"Three Little Birds\", sung by Kayla Graham (Karen David), was released as a soundtrack single, on iTunes by 20th Century", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15670859", "score": "0.8403612", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Touched by an Angel (season 5)", "text": "Touched by an Angel (season 5) The fifth season of the American dramatic television series \"Touched by an Angel\" aired CBS from September 20, 1998 through May 23, 1999, spanning 27 episodes. Created by John Masius and produced by Martha Williamson, the series chronicled the cases of two angels, Monica (Roma Downey) and her supervisor Tess (Della Reese), who bring messages from God to various people to help them as they reach a crossroads in their lives. They are frequently joined by Andrew (John Dye), the angel of death. A season set containing all of the episodes of the season", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14451885", "score": "0.8392966", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Touched by an Angel (season 1)", "text": "DVD on August 31, 2004. The episodes use the song \"Walk With You\", performed by Reese, as their opening theme. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Touched by an Angel (season 1) The first season of the American dramatic television series \"Touched by an Angel\" premiered on CBS on September 21, 1994 where it ran for 11 episodes until it concluded on March 4, 1995. Created by John Masius and produced by Martha Williamson, the series chronicled the cases of two angels, Monica (Roma Downey) and her supervisor Tess (Della Reese), who bring messages from God to various people to help them as they", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14451867", "score": "0.8386313", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Touching Evil", "long_answer": "Touching Evil is a British television drama serial, which began airing in 1997. It was produced by United Productions for Anglia Television, and screened on the ITV network. The first season consists of six 50 minute (one-hour with advertisements) episodes. It was created by Paul Abbott, and written by Abbott with Russell T Davies. The serial was very popular, and led to two sequel serials in 1998 and 1999, although these were not written by Abbott or Davies. The first episode aired on 29 April 1997. The last episode of the series aired on 6 June 1999, after 16 episodes and 3 seasons.", "chunked_long_answer": "a British television drama serial, which began airing in 1997. It was produced by United Productions for Anglia Television, and screened on the ITV network. The first season consists of six 50 minute (one-hour with advertisements) episodes. It was created by Paul Abbott, and written by Abbott with Russell T Davies. The serial was very popular, and led to two sequel serials in 1998 and 1999, although these were not written by Abbott or Davies. The first episode aired on 29 April 1997. The last episode of the series aired on 6 June 1999, after 16 episodes and 3 seasons.", "short_answers": [ "16" ] }

[ "Marty Robbins" ]

[ { "title": "A White Sport Coat", "text": "\"A White Sport Coat (and a Pink Carnation)\" is a 1957 country and western song with words and music both written by Marty Robbins. It was recorded on January 25, 1957, and released on the Columbia Records label, over a month later, on March 4. The arranger and recording session conductor was Ray Conniff, an in-house conductor/arranger at Columbia. Robbins had demanded to have Conniff oversee the recording after his earlier hit, \"Singing the Blues\", had been quickly eclipsed on the charts by Guy Mitchell's cover version scored and conducted by Conniff in October, 1956.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "A White Sport Coat", "text": "1957. A version by Johnny Desmond received some play also, peaking at No. 62 on the U.S. pop charts. In UK the song was a notable hit for the English Rock'n'Roll singer Terry Dene, and also for The King Brothers. The Terry Dene version reached #18 in the UK Charts, while The King Brothers' recording peaked at #6, both in early summer 1957. Jimmy Buffett's 1973 album \"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Crustacean\" spoofs the title of the song. A White Sport Coat \"A White Sport Coat\" is a 1957 country and western song with words and music", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11152429", "score": "1.237347", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Marty Robbins", "text": "\"A White Sport Coat and a Pink Carnation\" sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold record. His musical accomplishments include the Grammy Award for his 1959 hit and signature song \"El Paso\", taken from his album \"Gunfighter Ballads and Trail Songs\". \"El Paso\" was his first song to hit No. 1 on the pop chart in the 1960s. It was followed up, successfully, by \"Don't Worry\", which reached No. 3 on the pop chart in 1961, becoming his third, and last, Top 10 pop hit. \"El Paso\" was followed by one prequel and one sequel: \"Faleena From", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1578405", "score": "1.1558478", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Carnation (Ringo Sheena song)", "text": "\"Sports\", the single \"Sora ga Natteiru\" / \"Onna no Ko wa Dare Demo\" (2011) and their fifth studio album \"Dai Hakken\" (2011). The project began when Shin Yasui, music supervisor for the film \"Sakuran\" that Sheena had worked together with, recommended her for the team working on \"Carnation\". Originally, Sheena was asked to create an upbeat song for the drama. As the drama was set in Kansai, Sheena decided to similarly give the song a Kansai feel, and created the song \"Jinsei wa Omoidōri.\" However, after reading the script and watching the stop-motion sequence Koichiro Tsujikawa created for the opening,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17999442", "score": "1.1315465", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Marty Robbins", "text": "the Seventies for the bleached-denim 'outlaw school' of Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson. Robbins belonged to the Jim Reeves era and he wore his embroidered cowboy suits proudly. Best known for the western ballad, \"El Paso\", his career also touched the rock 'n' roll side of country in songs like \"White Sports Coat And A Pink Carnation\", and he kept a touch of the dude about him to the end.\" In 1980, Robbins appeared on the PBS music program \"Austin City Limits\" (season 5). In addition to his recordings and performances, Robbins was an avid race car driver, competing in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1578402", "score": "1.0480298", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Bad Romance", "text": "white origami-like jacket and a crystal embellished bodysuit with a matching white feathery masquerade mask and Giuseppe Zanotti booties. She also performed the song in a piano-only rendition at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival, before the world premier of her documentary, \"\". In the film, a scene of Gaga performing \"Bad Romance\" in the Rainbow Room, in celebration of Tony Bennett's 90th birthday, was also included. On March 14, 2010, Marco Hietala from Nightwish covered the song on the Finnish choir-singing TV show \"Kuorosota\". Hayley Williams, the lead singer from the band Paramore, covered a piano version of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13857678", "score": "1.0402344", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Let's Get Happy", "text": "in a colourful assortment of clothing. Lou wore a white jacket and trousers over a black top, along with a belt with a red fastener. Her two male cohorts appeared in suits, one in red and one in black. Her three female backing singers included a woman dressed in a black jacket and thigh-length boots, another dressed in a sleeveless green gown, and finally, a woman dressed in a sleeveless silver catsuit and platform shoes. This was prolific composer Ralph Siegel's fourteenth entry for Germany. It was succeeded as German representative at the 2004 Contest by Max with \"Can't Wait", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8448841", "score": "1.0286565", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Northern Girl (Prime Minister song)", "text": "Northern Girl (Prime Minister song) \"Northern Girl\" is a song by the band Prime Minister. It represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2002. The singers all wore identical white suits. The song was about a girl who appeared to have a heart of ice, but had stolen the heart of the singer. It performed seventh on the night (following Croatia's Vesna Pisarović with \"Everything I Want\" and preceding Estonia's Sahlene with \"Runaway\"). At the close of the voting had received 55 points, placing 10th in a field of 24. It was succeeded as Russian representative by t.A.T.u. with Ne", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10429610", "score": "1.0216407", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Northern Girl (Prime Minister song)", "text": "Ver', Ne Boysia. Northern Girl (Prime Minister song) \"Northern Girl\" is a song by the band Prime Minister. It represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2002. The singers all wore identical white suits. The song was about a girl who appeared to have a heart of ice, but had stolen the heart of the singer. It performed seventh on the night (following Croatia's Vesna Pisarović with \"Everything I Want\" and preceding Estonia's Sahlene with \"Runaway\"). At the close of the voting had received 55 points, placing 10th in a field of 24. It was succeeded as Russian representative by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10429611", "score": "1.0204029", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Symphony of Life", "text": "of her 2004 greatest hits album, Arena states: The music video for the song was directed by Yannick Saillet and had a colourful fantasy theme to the Metro Mix 7\" version of the song. The video opens up to Arena walking on water wearing a brown dress and them comes across two girls in blue dresses dancing in pink flowers. The next scene, the chorus, shows Arena walking and dancing in a desert arena with many other girls dressed in brown. Once the second verse kicks in, Arena is then shown laying on grass with pink flower petals scattered around", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11482467", "score": "1.0158596", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Carnation (Ringo Sheena song)", "text": "she decided an entirely different song with a universal feel would be better suited. This led to the creation of \"Carnation.\" When she first created the melody, she added a harp backing to the demo. This lead her to ask her frequent collaborator, conductor Neko Saito to work on the song as well. The song was recorded with a 40-person orchestra, led by Saito and concert master Great Eida. Even though she was asked as a soloist to create the theme song, Sheena wanted to include her band Tokyo Jihen in the process. Hence, Sheena invited the members to perform", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17999443", "score": "1.013038", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "You Got Style", "text": "a skimpy white bodice, with a cream-coloured sleeve over one arm, and the other bare, and red trousers. Her male cohorts, Viktoras and Vilius, each wore just one colour- Viktoras wore white, and Vilius black. They were joined by three male backing singers in brightly coloured afro wigs. The song was performed eighth on the night, following Sweden's Friends with \"Listen To Your Heartbeat\" and preceding Latvia's Arnis Mednis with \"Too Much\". At the close of voting, it had received 35 points, placing 13th in a field of 23. Ironically, as Contest historian John Kennedy O'Connor reports, the band had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8901800", "score": "1.0118866", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Carnation (Ringo Sheena song)", "text": "the backing tracks and instruments for the songs on the single. Sheena had wanted the song to be released as a single by the band, however the staff involved with the drama specifically requested the song be under her solo stage name. The lyrics were completed at the very end of the song creating process, after the song arrangement. The B-side \"Jinsei wa Omoidōri,\" as it was a candidate song to be used in the drama, was inspired by fashion designer Ayako Koshino, the subject of \"Carnation\". Sheena wrote the song about the strength of a mother. The other B-side,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17999444", "score": "0.9993401", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "World in Union", "text": "No.4 in the UK Singles Chart. Shirley Bassey and Bryn Terfel released a version of the song on 11 October 1999. It was controversially mimed live by at the opening of the series in June 1999, with Bassey famously wearing a gown designed on the Welsh flag. Three versions are featured on the CD single: a duet with Bassey and Terfel, Bassey's solo version and a version which features the choirs only. The duet version is performed partially in Welsh by Terfel. The official video was filmed at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff and features various other Welsh landscapes. The single", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11184452", "score": "0.9992958", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Yassou Maria", "text": "composer Alex Papakonstantinou who is responsible for big hits by Elena Paparizou. At the national final, Sarbel was accompanied on stage by four female dancers, with blue lights and fire in the background. He wore black leather pants and a silver shirt. The choreography was complex which led with some problems with his microphone. The public chose the song as the winner voting 44.45% while the Jury also appointed him the winner giving him 17.46%. All together, he got an average of 39.69% votes. By order performed: The CD single was released on March 7, 2007 in Greece and Cyprus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9801318", "score": "0.99848074", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 2007", "text": "dress with while glove and a white hood. The background was orange-yellow. The male dancers used red ribbon-flags on stage. The video wall in the background showed the words \"love\" and \"happiness\" in different languages. The song had a microphone glitch in it mid-way when one of the dancers stepped on a wire. Christos Dantis chose \"No Madonna\", a song composed by himself with lyrics by Natalia Germanou. Together in 2005, they also composed the winning Eurovision song \"My Number One\" for Elena Paparizou. The song was rock-dance with an ethnic Greek twist. Christos Dantis was accompanied by 5 female", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9268493", "score": "0.9983846", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Never Gonna Fall in Love Again", "text": "of \"The Carnation Kid\" Side A Side B Weekly charts Year-end charts Unlike \"All by Myself,\" Carmen's version of \"Never Gonna Fall in Love Again\" was not released in either Australia or the UK and therefore did not chart. However, Dana (pronounced 'Donna') reached #31 in the UK in 1976 with the song. Her British release charted concurrently with Carmen's and Holden's versions. Never Gonna Fall in Love Again \"Never Gonna Fall in Love Again\" is a song co-written and recorded by American pop rock artist Eric Carmen. It was released as the second single from Carmen's self-titled debut solo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12295595", "score": "0.9967276", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Kim Goody", "text": "1978 BBC music series \"Hit the Note\". In 1990, she competed in A Song For Europe to choose the UK song for The Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"Sentimental Again\". She came third. Sandie Shaw later recorded the song. Her husband Alan Coates, long standing member of 'The Hollies' band won the Song For Europe contest ten years earlier in 1980, going on to place 3rd at the Eurovision Song Contest as part of the group Prima Donna. She wrote the music for London Tonight, BBC Radio 5 Live, BBC's Good Morning with Anne and Nick, BBC News 24,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14481616", "score": "0.9966193", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Hi Izuru Tokoro", "text": "(2011). 2011 saw the release of another solo single by Sheena, \"Carnation\". The song was commissioned for the asadora \"Carnation\" starring Machiko Ono. Sheena had wanted the song to be released by Tokyo Jihen, however the staff involved with the drama specifically requested the song be under her solo stage name. Sheena compromised by having the members of Tokyo Jihen perform the song with her and appear in the music video, however still labelling it as a 'Ringo Sheena' release. In 2011, Tokyo Jihen made the mutual decision to split up, and in 2012 released an extended play called \"Color", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18285772", "score": "0.9923518", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Carnation (Ringo Sheena song)", "text": "the song again. The Yuichi Kodama-directed music video was first released on October 21, 2011. It features a starry night motif, where an orchestra performs the song with Sheena. Her Tokyo Jihen band members also make an appearance in the video. Reception by critics was positive for \"Carnation.\" Takahashi Tomokita from \"Rockin' On\" praised the song for its simple and pure melody. CDJournal reviewers agreed, stating that three aspects, the song's \"retro world view,\" Sheena's \"whisper-like mysterious voice\" and the \"calm strings\" came together to create a \"beautiful waltz.\" Haruna Takekawa from Hot Express enjoyed the \"magnificent orchestra sound\" and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17999447", "score": "0.98696506", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "A Message to Your Heart", "text": "the night of the Contest, Womack was dressed in a pink mini-dress, flanked by three women (Zoe Picot, Lucy Moorby, and Nikki Belsher) in white mini-dresses. She was also joined by two other \"ghost\" backing singers, masked by a music stand at the back of the stage; Kit Rolfe who had competed for the UK before in 1984 with the song \"Love Games\" (which, it was claimed, had also used \"ghost\" singers offstage), and Hazell Dean, who had worked extensively with Stock, Aitken and Waterman in the eighties. After Eurovision, the song placed at No. 30 on the UK Singles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12232537", "score": "0.9840113", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "L'oiseau et l'enfant", "text": "orange gown while her five backup singers were clad in black. It was succeeded as French representative at the 1978 Contest by Joël Prévost with \"Il y aura toujours des violons\". In 2016, the UNICEF project Kids United covered the song in their second album \"Tout le bonheur du monde\". The song also appeared on SNEP singles charts in August 2016. L'oiseau et l'enfant \"L'oiseau et l'enfant\" (\"The Bird and the Child\") was the winning song in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977 performed in French by Marie Myriam, who represented France. The song was composed by Jean Paul Cara and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7999943", "score": "0.9836399", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Melodifestivalen 2009", "text": "performance in a gigantic pink dress, which opens up to reveal seven backing dancers in Commedia dell'arte dress. The stage was filled with smoke and shone pink. Second on stage was Rigo & The Topaz Sound feat. Red Fox with \"I Got U\". The song mixes Motown with modern elements, with all on stage dressed as such, wearing red and white suits and dresses. The stage was filled to capacity, with two lead singers, a pianist, drummer, guitarist, saxophonist and two female backing singers. The next act on stage was Molly Sandén, who represented Sweden in the Junior Eurovision Song", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12183316", "score": "0.98299396", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Maybe (Emma Bunton song)", "text": "She chose to incorporate Bob Fosse's style of dancing (used in that musical) to create a \"slick\" and \"different\" work. The video starts with Bunton entering a hall, which is a big theatre, all painted in white. She is wearing a white hooded trench coat, which she then removes to reveal a black dress with a pink collar and cuffs (the same as the one on the cover of the single). Throughout the video there is a lot of dancing scenes behind white, green and pink backdrops. A 2004 review of the album \"Free Me\" by BBC Music described the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6918504", "score": "0.98002917", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "La Vie en rose", "text": "the years, including a 1993 version by American singer Donna Summer. Harry James also recorded a version in 1950 on Columbia 38768. Bing Crosby recorded the song again for his 1953 album \"\". The song's title can be translated as \"Life in happy hues\", \"Life seen through happy lenses\", \"Life in rosy hues\"; its literal meaning is \"Life in Pink\". The lyrics and melody of the song were written by Édith Piaf herself, but the melody was said officially to have been composed and registered by Louiguy only, since at the time, due to the stringent registration requirements of SACEM,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7064982", "score": "0.97844195", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "White and Black Blues", "text": "\"Boum-Badaboum\" for Minouche Barelli in 1967, which had finished fifth. Composed by Georges Augier de Moussac with lyrics by Serge Gainsbourg, the song was originally titled \"Black Lolita Blues\", however Ursull, the first black woman to represent France at the Contest, declined to perform it due to the pejorative connotations of the word. The rewritten version met with her approval and has become something of a fan favourite. The song itself deals with the need to overcome the prejudices of skin colour. Ursull sings that \"When someone talks to me about skin colour/I have the blues which sends shivers down", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8367599", "score": "0.9766034", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Flower (Kylie Minogue song)", "text": "and thirty seven on the Ultratip Belgium Singles Chart (both Flanders and Wallonia). The song debuted at fifty-one on the Netherlands' singles chart. Directed by Kylie Minogue herself, she stated \"I wanted to direct the video as I have always known how I wanted to illustrate the song.\" The music video was shot in Cornwall, England on 12 August 2012 and filmed in black and white. It featured Minogue lying on a chair with only a long white sheet covering her while looking through a mirror, Walking along a beach, wandering through woods and fields, walking along a tree trunk,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16762225", "score": "0.9757302", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Terry Dene", "text": "the British Elvis and recognised as one of the best voices of the rock and roll era of pre-Beatles Britain. His first single, \"A White Sport Coat\", in the first seven weeks sold in excess of 300,000 copies, together with \"Stairway of Love\", which remained in the chart for eight weeks, and his own version of \"Start Movin'\" at number 14, put his records in the Top 20 of the UK Singles Chart twice in the same year, securing his name in the \"Guinness Book of Records\". He toured Britain, was one of the first to appear in the BBC", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11394187", "score": "0.9753531", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Flower (Kylie Minogue song)", "text": "playing on a swing, lying and sitting in a meadow of flowers and lying in a pool. Minogue wore a long, sheer white dress for the music video. It was released on 25 September 2012 on YouTube as part of Minogue's 'K25' celebrations where her Twitter followers had to unlock the video by tweeting the hashtag '#KylieFlower' 25,000 times. In three days, the video got more than 1 million views on YouTube. DailyMail gave it a positive review stating \"Kylie Minogue may be 44-years-old, but she's proved that she can still compete in the steamy video stakes with her younger", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16762226", "score": "0.9751507", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Carnation (Ringo Sheena song)", "text": "on television. The first was at \"Count Down TV\" on October 29, followed by \"Music Station\" on November 11. At the \"62nd NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen\" on December 31, 2011, Sheena performed \"Carnation\" in a medley with the Tokyo Jihen song \"Onna no Ko wa Dare Demo,\" along with the other members of Tokyo Jihen. The song was performed during Tokyo Jihen's 22 date tour \"Discovery\", which was held between September and December in 2010. An instrumental of \"Carnation\" was performed during Tokyo Jihen's \"Bon Voyage\" farewell tour in 2012. During Sheena's \"Tōtaikai\" solo concerts in November 2013, Sheena performed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17999446", "score": "0.9746042", "original_retrieval_index": 32 } ]

{ "title": "A White Sport Coat", "long_answer": "\"A White Sport Coat (and a Pink Carnation)\" is a 1957 country and western song with words and music both written by Marty Robbins. It was recorded on January 25, 1957, and released on the Columbia Records label, over a month later, on March 4. The arranger and recording session conductor was Ray Conniff, an in-house conductor/arranger at Columbia. Robbins had demanded to have Conniff oversee the recording after his earlier hit, \"Singing the Blues\", had been quickly eclipsed on the charts by Guy Mitchell's cover version scored and conducted by Conniff in October, 1956.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"A White Sport Coat (and a Pink Carnation)\" is a 1957 country and western song with words and music both written by Marty Robbins. It was recorded on January 25, 1957, and released on the Columbia Records label, over a month later, on March 4. The arranger and recording session conductor was Ray Conniff, an in-house conductor/arranger at Columbia. Robbins had demanded to have Conniff oversee the recording after his earlier hit, \"Singing the Blues\", had been quickly eclipsed on the charts by Guy Mitchell's cover version scored and conducted by Conniff in October, 1956.", "short_answers": [ "Marty Robbins" ] }

[ "Billy Joel", "Joel" ]

[ { "title": "She's Always a Woman", "text": "Musically, Joel has said that he was influenced by Gordon Lightfoot and his mellow acoustic guitar ballads. It is a love song that Joel wrote for his then wife, Elizabeth Weber. Elizabeth had taken over management of Joel's career, and was able to put his financial affairs in order after Joel had signed some bad deals and contracts. She was a tough and savvy negotiator who could \"wound with her eyes\" or \"steal like a thief\", but would \"never give in\". Because of her tough-as-nails negotiating style, many business adversaries thought she was \"unfeminine,\" but to Joel, she was always a woman. ", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Ursula Masson", "text": "books in the Honno Classics series: Elizabeth Andrews, \"A Woman's Work is Never Done\" (2006) and \"The Very Salt of Life: Welsh Women's Political Writings from Chartism to Suffrage\" (2007). \"For those of us who had the privilege of knowing her, it won't be the teacher or researcher or organizer we're primarily grieving, however, but the friend who always seemed to have space for people, and warmth and humour to give them, though she was so busy, and though, since 2001, she was fighting serious illness. In her final years she gave us an extraordinary example of the way in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19271083", "score": "0.84784603", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Penny Valentine", "text": "Richard Williams, \"She was probably the first woman to write about pop music as though it really mattered.\" She loved soul music, and supported singers such as Aretha Franklin and Marvin Gaye before they became famous. In 1964 she also recorded the novelty single \"I Want To Kiss Ringo Goodbye\" which celebrates The Beatles' drummer Ringo Starr. As a young woman, she also wrote articles for a variety of publications on the then-current \"Swinging London\" phenomenon. Chris Welch commented that she \"was part of a social whirl of receptions, parties and night-clubbing that made Swinging London such fun...The Beatles and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5619920", "score": "0.845873", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "She's a Woman", "text": "She's a Woman \"She's a Woman\" is a song by the Beatles, written mainly by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney. John Lennon contributed to the lyrics and middle eight (the bridge). The song was finished in the studio the morning of the session. It was released as the B-side to \"I Feel Fine\" in 1964, their last single release that year. It reached number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 from frequent airplay. In New Zealand, the song reached number one for one week. The song was featured in the movie Help! (1965). \"She's a Woman\" has been described", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5573120", "score": "0.84198534", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Rosetta Reitz", "text": "1981, Reitz organized a tribute to the \"Women of Jazz\" at Avery Fisher Hall as part of the Newport Jazz Festival. Called \"The Blues is a Woman\", the program, narrated by Carmen McRae, featured music by Adelaide Hall, Big Mama Thornton, Nell Carter and Koko Taylor. Ms Reitz was the recipient of three awards—the Wonder Woman Award of 1982, a Grandmother Winifred grant in 1994, and the Veteran Feminists of America in 2002 Roll of Honor for feminists writers, She died at age 84 on November 1, 2008 in Manhattan, New York of cardiopulmonary problems. She is survived by 3", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12697677", "score": "0.8350158", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "She Belongs to Me", "text": "of the Velvet Underground has stated that he believes the song to be about Nico, with whom Dylan spent some time around the time of the song's composition. An alternate interpretation of the song is that it is a paean to Dylan's muse, depicting it as unapproachable but domineering. The song She Belongs To Me was written in 1965, the year Bob Dylan married Shirley Noznisky [aka Sara Lownds]. The song could be about any of these women. Most people see it as a positive and complimentary song, given the lyrics and the tender way Dylan sings it. Any perceived", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9489445", "score": "0.8337288", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Only One Woman", "text": "Only One Woman \"Only One Woman\" is a song and the first single by English duo The Marbles, written by Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb of the Bee Gees. It later also appeared on their self-titled album \"The Marbles\". It was recorded around July 1968 in IBC Studios, London. The backing track was created by Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb and Colin Petersen, with an orchestral arrangement by Bill Shepherd. Colin plays the same percussion effect as on \"I've Gotta Get a Message to You\". The song exists only in a mono mix. The song was the biggest hit they had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9242870", "score": "0.827056", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "James Tiptree Jr.", "text": "but she did correspond regularly with fans and other science fiction authors through the mail. When asked for biographical details, Tiptree/Sheldon was forthcoming in everything but her sex. According to her biographer, Julie Phillips, \"No one had ever seen or spoken to the owner of this voice. He wrote letters, warm, frank, funny letters, to other writers, editors, and science fiction fans.\" In her letters to fellow writers such as Ursula K. Le Guin and Joanna Russ, she would present herself as a feminist man; however, Sheldon did not present herself as male in person. Writing was a way to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "220306", "score": "0.82421374", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "She Belongs to Me", "text": "and moral conviction. The lyrics may refer to Suze Rotolo, Dylan's girlfriend from July 1961 to early 1964. Some of the lyrics of \"She Belongs to Me\" could refer to Dylan's former lover, folk singer Joan Baez, particularly the line about the woman wearing an \"Egyptian ring\", since Dylan had given Baez such a ring. Other lines that may refer to Baez are a line describing her as \"an artist\" and a reference to being a \"walking antique\", which may be a reference to Baez' desire to keep Dylan writing protest songs but could easily be a compliment. John Cale", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9489444", "score": "0.8241457", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Lou Andreas-Salomé", "text": "the psychology of female sexuality before she ever met Freud, in her book \"Die Erotik\" (1911). She wrote more than a dozen novels, such as \"Im Kampf um Gott\", \"Ruth\", \"Rodinka\", \"Ma\", \"Fenitschka – eine Ausschweifung\" and also non-fiction studies such as \"Henrik Ibsens Frauengestalten\" (1892), a study of Ibsen's woman characters and a book on her friend Nietzsche, \"Friedrich Nietzsche in seinen Werke\" (1894). She edited a memoir on her lifelong close friend and onetime lover, the poet Rainer Maria Rilke, after his death in 1926. Among her works is also her \"Lebensrückblick\", a book she wrote during her", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2571945", "score": "0.82123506", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Mná na hÉireann", "text": "avoiding it (third verse—though this may be ironic in the original), and whom his lover wants dead (first verse). <poem>There's a woman in Erin who'd give me shelter and my fill of ale; There's a woman in Ireland who'd prefer my strains to strings being played; There's a woman in Eirinn and nothing would please her more Than to see me burning or in a grave lying cold. There's a woman in Eirinn who'd be mad with envy if I was kissed By another on fair-day, they have strange ways, but I love them all; There are women I'll always", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7499408", "score": "0.81992227", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Woman to Woman (Joe Cocker song)", "text": "Woman to Woman (Joe Cocker song) \"Woman to Woman\" is a song written by Joe Cocker and Chris Stainton. It was released on Cocker's 1972 album \"Joe Cocker\" (December 1972) and reached the top in the singles chart of Spain. It has been recorded by other artists. It has also been heavily sampled in hip hop, for example in \"Funky\" by Ultramagnetic MCs (1987), \"Knick Knack Patty Wack\" by EPMD (1989), \"Blast From the Past\" by Ultramagnetic MC's (1992), \"New Jack Swing II\" by Wreckx-N-Effect, \"California Love\" by 2Pac featuring Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman (1995), \"Honey\" by Moby (1999),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12698287", "score": "0.8191025", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Letter to My Daughter", "text": "Oprah Winfrey, and realized that she should put the essays they inspired into a book so that others could read them. Although she had no daughters, and gave birth to a son (Guy Johnson), which she called \"the best thing that ever happened to me in my life\", many women in Angelou's career looked to her as a mother figure. She wrote \"Letters\" to speak to those women and to share with them the wisdom she has gained throughout her long life. According to writer Gary Younge of \"The Guardian\", most of the essays \"end with the kind of wisdom", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17321538", "score": "0.8176388", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Evelyn McDonnell", "text": "women on all music-industry levels. McDonnell wrote: \"It was the early '90s, when direct activism, identity politics, hip-hop, and grunge were driving forces of the dawn of the Clinton era. We were a new breed of woman whom pundits, including some in our own ranks, struggled to name: postfeminists, womanists, Riot Grrrls, pro-sex feminists, do-me feminists (a name obviously thought up by a men's magazine), third-wave feminists, lipstick lesbians, bitches with attitudes.\" McDonnell and Ann Powers co-edited \"Rock She Wrote: Women Write About Rock, Pop, and Rap,\" published in 1995. An anthology of women's writing on music from the 1960s", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20254974", "score": "0.8168713", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Woman to Woman (Joe Cocker song)", "text": "\"Astro Black\" by Quasimoto (2000), \"He's Unbelievable\" by Sarah Connor (October 29, 2002), and \"We Keep It Rockin'\" by Maino featuring Swizz Beatz, Jadakiss, Jim Jones and Joell Ortiz (2010). It was also included in the soundtrack for the popular video game \"\", on the '' radio station, where Tommy \"The Nightmare\" Smith (Axl Rose) introduces the song with the words, \"I think you're gonna love this record...or you would if you were man enough.\" Woman to Woman (Joe Cocker song) \"Woman to Woman\" is a song written by Joe Cocker and Chris Stainton. It was released on Cocker's 1972", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12698288", "score": "0.8151059", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Woman to Woman (Shirley Brown song)", "text": "Woman to Woman (Shirley Brown song) \"Woman to Woman\" is the title of a 1974 deep soul single recorded by Shirley Brown for whom it was a #1 R&B hit. The song was written by James Banks, Eddie Marion and Henderson Thigpen, who had previously written hits for Little Milton, the Bar-Kays and other Stax Records artists. According to Thigpen, he and Banks were brainstorming ideas for songs at Stax Studio \"trying to come up withsomething different. When people get serious, they say: 'Hey, let's talk man to man'We thought it would be interesting to have a song with somebody", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11170443", "score": "0.81398654", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Something About a Woman", "text": "Something About a Woman \"Something About a Woman\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Jake Owen. It was released in August 2007 as the third and final single from his debut album \"Startin' with Me\". Owen wrote this song with Bob Regan and Jimmy Ritchey. The song describes a narrator who is in love with a woman, and because of this, he states how there is nothing else in the world like the love of a woman. Brady Vercher of Engine 145 gave the song a \"thumbs down\" review. Vercher stated that \"eighty percent of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11081493", "score": "0.812909", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Edith Summerskill", "text": "that time and later became a doctor and a Member of Parliament and of Cabinet. Edith Summerskill’s letters to Shirley were collected and published in a book Letters to My Daughter (1957). Summerskill outlines her belief that women are superior to men in almost every way. In support of such a theory Summerskill presents three \"facts\": firstly, that only women can enjoy two worlds of creative enterprise the biological and the intellectual. Secondly she suggests women are physically stronger, live longer are constitutionally tougher, having greater stamina. Finally she believes women have equal if not greater intellect than men. Although", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5490962", "score": "0.8127925", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Selma James", "text": "C. L. R. James. In 1952, she wrote the classic \"A Woman’s Place\", first published as a column in \"Correspondence\", a bi-weekly newspaper written and edited by its readers with an audience of mainly working-class people. Unusually at the time, the newspaper had pages dedicated to giving women, young people and Black people an autonomous voice. She was a regular columnist and edited the Women's Page. In 1955, she came to England to marry C. L. R. James, who had been deported from the United States during the McCarthy period. They were together for 25 years, and were close political", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11191748", "score": "0.81143653", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Woman, Woman", "text": "Woman, Woman \"Woman, Woman\" is a song written and composed by Jim Glaser and Jimmy Payne and recorded by Gary Puckett & The Union Gap, using session musicians from \"The Wrecking Crew,\" for their 1968 debut album, \"Woman, Woman.\" Like most of the band's hits, it is a ballad centered around Gary Puckett's soulful vocals. The lyrics are from the perspective of a man who senses that his wife is dissatisfied with him sexually, and fears that she is going to start \"cheating\" on him. The song went to number 3 in Cash Box and number 4 on the \"Billboard\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15946275", "score": "0.8086292", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Mehetabel Wesley Wright", "text": "phrasing, while tinged with the gloom which accompanied her marriage. The regard that Wright was given can be judged by a letter written by the celebrity novelist Samuel Richardson in 1750 (or 1754). Here, he attempted to list women of his time who were \"moral examples of their sex\". This was not an exhaustive list and although Richardson included Wright, he did not include every gifted woman he knew. John Duncombe circulated some of her poems in the 1750s, and included her approvingly in \"The Feminead; or, Female Genius\" (1754). Adam Clarke collected a number of her poems, as well", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18593407", "score": "0.8078793", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Carolyn Gold Heilbrun", "text": "Columbia a reputation for encouraging feminist studies in modernism. Nothing could be further from the truth.\" Heilbrun was a scholar and the author of 14 nonfiction books, including the feminist study \"Writing a Woman's Life\" (1988). These books include: Carolyn Gold Heilbrun Carolyn Gold Heilbrun (January 13, 1926 – October 9, 2003) was an American academic at Columbia University, the first woman to receive tenure in the English department, and a prolific feminist author of academic studies. In addition, beginning in the 1960s, she published numerous popular mystery novels with a woman protagonist, under the pen name of Amanda Cross.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2196436", "score": "0.8062291", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Gloria Steinem", "text": "she's any less of a feminist but she's identified by her nearest male analog. Well, I don't have a male analog so the press has to identify me with the movement. I suppose I could be referred to as a journalist, but because \"Ms.\" is part of a movement and not just a typical magazine, I'm more likely to be identified with the movement. There's no other slot to put me in.\" Contrary to popular belief, Steinem did not coin the feminist slogan \"A woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle.\" Although she helped popularize it, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2033289", "score": "0.8052124", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Mná na hÉireann", "text": "Ireland to whom my singing is sweeter than the music of strings There's a woman in Ireland who would much prefer me leaping Than laid in the clay and my belly under the sod There's a woman in Ireland who'd envy me if I got naught but a kiss From a woman at a fair, isn't it strange, and the love I have for them There's a woman I'd prefer to a battalion, and a hundred of them whom I will never get And an ugly, swarthy man with no English has a beautiful girl There's a woman who would", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7499406", "score": "0.8039397", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Women in music", "text": "Augusta Browne and Marion Dix Sullivan. By 1900, there were many more women songwriters, but \"many were still forced to use pseudonyms or initials\" to hide the fact that they were women. Carrie Jacobs-Bond was the \"preeminent woman composer of the late 1800's and well into the middle of the twentieth century... [making her] the first million selling woman\" songwriter. Maude Nugent (1877–1958) wrote \"Sweet Rosie O'Grady\" in 1896. She also penned \"Down At Rosie Reilly's Flat\", \"My Irish Daisy\" and \"Mary From Tipperary\". Charlotte Blake (1885–1979) was a staff writer for at the Whitney Warner Publishing Co., in Detroit,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19061170", "score": "0.8019291", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Sharon Olds", "text": "as Galway Kinnell, Muriel Rukeyser and Gwendolyn Brooks than by confessional poets like Anne Sexton or Sylvia Plath. Plath, she comments \"was a great genius, with an IQ of at least double mine\" and while these women charted well the way of women in the world she says \"their steps were not steps I wanted to put my feet in.\" When Olds first sent her poetry to a literary magazine she received a reply saying,\"This is a literary magazine. If you wish to write about this sort of subject, may we suggest the \"Ladies' Home Journal\". The true subjects of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4500927", "score": "0.8016136", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Still a Woman", "text": "Still a Woman \"Still a Woman\" was a song co-written and released as a single by American country artist Margo Smith. It was one of several top ten country hits Smith would enjoy during the late 1970s. The song was the first single released from her 1979 album entitled \"A Woman\". \"Still a Woman\" signified Smith's transition towards a sexually-charged persona. It has also been considered one of country music's first songs to characterize the point of view of a middle-aged woman. \"Still a Woman\" was co-written by Margo Smith, and also with Mack David and Norro Wilson. The latter", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18522771", "score": "0.8010797", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Moa Martinson", "text": "the boundaries in her articles, she went too far in 1924, when she wrote that women and men should receive equal pay for equal work. Quarrels started at the magazine, resulting in Martinson resigning from the paper, but due to her contributions in \"Arbetaren\" she was now known to the public although mostly in syndicalistic circles. One author who had significant impact on Martinson was Martin Andersen Näxö. It was the first time she recognized her own experiences in a literary work. She wrote a letter to him, telling him about her own life and also sent an article she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5832312", "score": "0.7997651", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Laura Nyro", "text": "as looking like a \"Morticia Addams\" caricature with her long, dark hair, and called her a \"brilliant songwriter\" but \"oddly inarticulate\" in terms of musical terminology. Ian was a fan of Nyro's work with producer Charlie Calello and chose him as the producer of her 1969 album \"Who Really Cares\" on the basis of his work with Nyro. Comedian, writer, and singer Sandra Bernhard has spoken extensively of Laura Nyro as an ongoing inspiration. She dedicated a song, \"The Woman I Could've Been\" on \"Excuses for Bad Behavior (Part One)\", to her. She also sang Nyro's \"I Never Meant to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2215896", "score": "0.79915667", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Cynthia Heimel", "text": "a woman about women. She continued to produce books based on her columns into the mid 1990s, while becoming a writer for television with Kate and Allie, then moving to Hollywood, where she worked on Dear John. In 1986 she wrote a play, \"A Girl's Guide to Chaos\" that was also published as a book. The \"New York Times\" said of her that \"Like Dorothy Parker, Ms. Heimel is an urban romantic with a scathing X-ray vision that penetrates her most deeply cherished fantasies.\" Douglas Adams said she was \"like P.G. Wodehouse if he wrote about sex\". \"Kirkus\" summed them", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10312637", "score": "0.7985989", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "She's Always a Woman", "long_answer": "The song was released in 1977, following several other hits from The Stranger including \"Just the Way You Are\", \"Movin' Out (Anthony's Song)\" and \"Only the Good Die Young\". Musically, Joel has said that he was influenced by Gordon Lightfoot and his mellow acoustic guitar ballads. It is a love song that Joel wrote for his then wife, Elizabeth Weber. Elizabeth had taken over management of Joel's career, and was able to put his financial affairs in order after Joel had signed some bad deals and contracts. She was a tough and savvy negotiator who could \"wound with her eyes\" or \"steal like a thief\", but would \"never give in\". Because of her tough-as-nails negotiating style, many business adversaries thought she was \"unfeminine,\" but to Joel, she was always a woman. The two eventually divorced in 1982.", "chunked_long_answer": "Musically, Joel has said that he was influenced by Gordon Lightfoot and his mellow acoustic guitar ballads. It is a love song that Joel wrote for his then wife, Elizabeth Weber. Elizabeth had taken over management of Joel's career, and was able to put his financial affairs in order after Joel had signed some bad deals and contracts. She was a tough and savvy negotiator who could \"wound with her eyes\" or \"steal like a thief\", but would \"never give in\". Because of her tough-as-nails negotiating style, many business adversaries thought she was \"unfeminine,\" but to Joel, she was always a woman. ", "short_answers": [ "Joel" ] }

[ "basaltic magma", "volcanic activity" ]

[ { "title": "Seafloor spreading", "text": "Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. When oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures to occur in the lithosphere.The motivating force for seafloor spreading ridges is tectonic plate pull rather than magma pressure, although there is typically significant magma activity at spreading ridges. At a spreading center basaltic magma rises up the fractures and cools on the ocean floor to form new seabed. Hydrothermal vents are common", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Crust (geology)", "text": "centers, where partial-melting of the underlying mantle yields basaltic magmas and new ocean crust forms. This \"ridge push\" is one of the driving forces of plate tectonics, and it is constantly creating new ocean crust. That means that old crust must be destroyed somewhere, so, opposite a spreading center, there is usually a subduction zone: a trench where an ocean plate is being shoved back into the mantle. This constant process of creating new ocean crust and destroying old ocean crust means that the oldest ocean crust on Earth today is only about 200 million years old. In contrast, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1293848", "score": "1.1614759", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Geology of the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex", "text": "≈165 Ma. Sea floor spreading is where new oceanic lithosphere is being created by upwelling of material, unlike rifting where it only involved the stretching of the crust. Convection currents in the sub-lithospheric mantle are the driving mechanisms that caused sea floor spreading to occur. New lithosphere is made when hot material beneath ocean ridges is brought to the surface by these cells. As the new lithosphere moves horizontally away from the ridges, the new crust added to the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic caused the continents of North America and South America to be moved apart. Seafloor spreading", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7361934", "score": "1.09441", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Earth science", "text": "is known as plate tectonics. Plate tectonics might be thought of as the process by which the Earth is resurfaced. As the result of seafloor spreading, new crust and lithosphere is created by the flow of magma from the mantle to the near surface, through fissures, where it cools and solidifies. Through subduction, oceanic crust and lithosphere returns to the convecting mantle. Areas of the crust where new crust is created are called \"divergent boundaries\", those where it is brought back into the Earth are \"convergent boundaries\" and those where plates slide past each other, but no new lithospheric material", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12790512", "score": "1.0711715", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Seafloor spreading", "text": "As new seafloor forms and spreads apart from the mid-ocean ridge it slowly cools over time. Older seafloor is therefore colder than new seafloor, and older oceanic basins deeper than new oceanic basins due to isostasy. If the diameter of the earth remains relatively constant despite the production of new crust, a mechanism must exist by which crust is also destroyed. The destruction of oceanic crust occurs at subduction zones where oceanic crust is forced under either continental crust or oceanic crust. Today, the Atlantic basin is actively spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Only a small portion of the oceanic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1293814", "score": "1.0583086", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Plate tectonics", "text": "of the ocean crust was performed using Heezen's mechanism of spreading along the ridges. Hess therefore concluded that the Atlantic Ocean was expanding while the Pacific Ocean was shrinking. As old oceanic crust is \"consumed\" in the trenches (like Holmes and others, he thought this was done by thickening of the continental lithosphere, not, as now understood, by underthrusting at a larger scale of the oceanic crust itself into the mantle), new magma rises and erupts along the spreading ridges to form new crust. In effect, the ocean basins are perpetually being \"recycled,\" with the creation of new crust and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "336034", "score": "1.0401034", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Crust (geology)", "text": "crustal rocks formed before 2.5 billion years ago are located in cratons. Such old continental crust and the underlying mantle asthenosphere are less dense than elsewhere in Earth and so are not readily destroyed by subduction. Formation of new continental crust is linked to periods of intense orogeny; these periods coincide with the formation of the supercontinents such as Rodinia, Pangaea and Gondwana. The crust forms in part by aggregation of island arcs including granite and metamorphic fold belts, and it is preserved in part by depletion of the underlying mantle to form buoyant lithospheric mantle. A theoretical protoplanet named", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1293850", "score": "1.0349886", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Crust (geology)", "text": "collided and stuck, gradually growing into a planet. This process generated an enormous amount of heat, which caused early Earth to melt completely. As planetary accretion slowed, Earth began to cool, forming its first crust, called a primary or primordial crust. This crust was likely repeatedly destroyed by large impacts, then reformed from the magma ocean left by the impact. None of Earth's primary crust has survived to today; all was destroyed by erosion, impacts, and plate tectonics over the past several billion years. Since then, Earth has been forming secondary and tertiary crust. Secondary crust forms at mid-ocean spreading", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1293847", "score": "1.0239316", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Magmatic underplating", "text": "the crust. Seismic studies of the crust at depth have done a great deal to identify magmatic underplating, but without direct samples to look at, it can be problematic for geologists to agree on the source of an anomaly. Seismic studies of the Laccadive Islands in the Indian Ocean revealed a high-velocity layer of thickened crust between 16 and 24 km below the surface; these were corroborated with tomographic work in the nearby Kutch District, which identified a large mafic body at depth, close to the mantle. However, tomographic studies in Norway undertaken to identify the source of locally thickened", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15998801", "score": "1.0235397", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Seafloor spreading", "text": "tens of kilometers wide, a crustal accretion zone within the boundary zone where the ocean crust is youngest, and an instantaneous plate boundary - a line within the crustal accretion zone demarcating the two separating plates. Within the crustal accretion zone is a 1-2 km-wide neovolcanic zone where active volcanism occurs. In the general case, sea floor spreading starts as a rift in a continental land mass, similar to the Red Sea-East Africa Rift System today. The process starts by heating at the base of the continental crust which causes it to become more plastic and less dense. Because less", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1293809", "score": "1.0230196", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Seafloor spreading", "text": "other areas), material from the upper mantle rises through the faults between oceanic plates to form new crust as the plates move away from each other, a phenomenon first observed as continental drift. When Alfred Wegener first presented a hypothesis of continental drift in 1912, he suggested that continents ploughed through the ocean crust. This was impossible: oceanic crust is both more dense and more rigid than continental crust. Accordingly, Wegener's theory wasn't taken very seriously, especially in the United States. Since then, it has been shown that the motion of the continents is linked to seafloor spreading by the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1293817", "score": "1.0213575", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Lithosphere-Asthenosphere boundary", "text": "found to become deeper under older crust, thus supporting the suggestion that the discontinuity is closely interrelated to the LAB. Beneath oceanic crust, the LAB ranges anywhere from 50 to 140 km in depth except at mid-ocean ridges where the LAB is no deeper than the depth of the new crust being created. Seismic evidence shows that oceanic plates do thicken with age. This would suggest that the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere boundary underneath oceanic lithosphere also deepens with plate age. Data from ocean seismometers indicate a sharp age-dependent LAB beneath the Pacific and Philippine plates and has been interpreted as evidence for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18555826", "score": "1.0208826", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Mid-ocean ridge", "text": "oceanic spreading centers. Mid-ocean ridge basalt is a tholeiitic basalt and is characteristically low in incompatible elements. The rocks making up the crust below the seafloor are youngest along the axis of the ridge and age with increasing distance from that axis. New magma of basalt composition emerges at and near the axis because of decompression melting in the underlying Earth's mantle. The oceanic crust is made up of rocks much younger than the Earth itself. Most oceanic crust in the ocean basins is less than 200 million years old. The crust is in a constant state of \"renewal\" at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5030584", "score": "1.0186906", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Earth's crustal evolution", "text": "crust, increasing the difficulty in determining its nature. Recycling of existing primordial crust contributes to the production of secondary crust. Partial melting of the existing crust increases the mafic content of the melt producing basaltic secondary crust. A further method of formation due to the decay of radioactive elements within the Earth releasing heat energy and eventually causing the partial melting of upper mantle, also producing basaltic lavas. As a result, most secondary crust on Earth is formed at mid ocean ridges forming the oceanic crust. The present day continental crust is an example of a tertiary crust. Tertiary crust", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20909813", "score": "1.0183535", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Oceanic crust", "text": "continuously being created at mid-ocean ridges. As plates diverge at these ridges, magma rises into the upper mantle and crust. As it moves away from the ridge, the lithosphere becomes cooler and denser, and sediment gradually builds on top of it. The youngest oceanic lithosphere is at the oceanic ridges, and it gets progressively older away from the ridges. As the mantle rises it cools and melts, as the pressure decreases and it crosses the solidus. The amount of melt produced depends only on the temperature of the mantle as it rises. Hence most oceanic crust is the same thickness", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3747718", "score": "1.0172229", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Supercontinent cycle", "text": "°C for the eastern Pacific) and \"d\" is the depth of the ridge below the ocean surface. After plugging in rough numbers for the sea floor, the equation becomes: where \"d\" is in meters and \"t\" is in millions of years, so that just-formed crust at the mid-ocean ridges lies at about 2,500 m depth, whereas 50-million-year-old seafloor lies at a depth of about 5,000 m. As the mean level of the sea floor decreases, the volume of the ocean basins increases, and if other factors that can control sea level remain constant, sea level falls. The converse is also", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5397166", "score": "1.007819", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Mid-ocean ridge", "text": "ridges and that every year of new seafloor is formed by this process. With a crustal thickness of , this amounts to about of new ocean crust formed every year. Mid-ocean ridge A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It consists of various mountains linked in chains, typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine. This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an 'oceanic spreading center', which is responsible for seafloor spreading. The production of new seafloor results from mantle upwelling in response to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5030601", "score": "1.0077891", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Plate tectonics", "text": "that all along the globe, a system of mid-oceanic ridges was detected. An important conclusion was that along this system, new ocean floor was being created, which led to the concept of the \"Great Global Rift\". This was described in the crucial paper of Bruce Heezen (1960), which would trigger a real revolution in thinking. A profound consequence of seafloor spreading is that new crust was, and still is, being continually created along the oceanic ridges. Therefore, Heezen advocated the so-called \"expanding Earth\" hypothesis of S. Warren Carey (see above). So, still the question remained: how can new crust be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "336029", "score": "1.0056319", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Earth's crustal evolution", "text": "seen today. The initial crystallisation of minerals from the magma ocean formed the primordial crust. A potential explanation of this process states the resultant solidification of the mantle edge took place approximately 4.43 Ga. This would subsequently produce continents composed of komatiite, an ultramafic rock rich in magnesium with a high melting point and low dynamic viscosity. Another line of research follows up on this, proposing that differences in the densities of newly formed crystals caused separation of crustal rocks; upper crust largely composed of fractionated gabbros and lower crust composed of anorthosites. The overall result of initial crystallisation formed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20909811", "score": "1.0032945", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Abyssal plain", "text": "descend back into the mantle. At the consumption edge of the plate (the oceanic trench), the oceanic lithosphere has thermally contracted to become quite dense, and it sinks under its own weight in the process of subduction. The subduction process consumes older oceanic lithosphere, so oceanic crust is seldom more than 200 million years old. The overall process of repeated cycles of creation and destruction of oceanic crust is known as the Supercontinent cycle, first proposed by Canadian geophysicist and geologist John Tuzo Wilson. New oceanic crust, closest to the mid-oceanic ridges, is mostly basalt at shallow levels and has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3729259", "score": "1.0031734", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Plate tectonics", "text": "the destruction of old oceanic lithosphere occurring simultaneously. Thus, the new mobilistic concepts neatly explained why the Earth does not get bigger with sea floor spreading, why there is so little sediment accumulation on the ocean floor, and why oceanic rocks are much younger than continental rocks. Beginning in the 1950s, scientists like Victor Vacquier, using magnetic instruments (magnetometers) adapted from airborne devices developed during World War II to detect submarines, began recognizing odd magnetic variations across the ocean floor. This finding, though unexpected, was not entirely surprising because it was known that basalt—the iron-rich, volcanic rock making up the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "336035", "score": "1.0010138", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Oceanic crust", "text": "having a mean density of about 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter as opposed to continental crust which has a density of about 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter. The crust uppermost is the result of the cooling of magma derived from mantle material below the plate. The magma is injected into the spreading center, which consists mainly of a partly solidified crystal mush derived from earlier injections, forming magma lenses that are the source of the sheeted dikes that feed the overlying pillow lavas. As the lavas cool they are, in most instances, modified chemically by seawater. These eruptions occur mostly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3747714", "score": "1.000862", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Oceanic crust", "text": "older oceanic lithosphere, so oceanic crust is seldom more than 200 million years old. The process of super-continent formation and destruction via repeated cycles of creation and destruction of oceanic crust is known as the Wilson cycle. The oldest large scale oceanic crust is in the west Pacific and north-west Atlantic - both are about up to 180-200 million years old. However, parts of the eastern Mediterranean Sea are remnants of the much older Tethys ocean, at about 270 and up to 340 million years old. The oceanic crust displays a pattern of magnetic lines, parallel to the ocean ridges,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3747721", "score": "1.0004778", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Oceanic crust", "text": "(7±1 km). Very slow spreading ridges (<1 cm·yr half-rate) produce thinner crust (4–5 km thick) as the mantle has a chance to cool on upwelling and so it crosses the solidus and melts at lesser depth, thereby producing less melt and thinner crust. An example of this is the Gakkel Ridge under the Arctic Ocean. Thicker than average crust is found above plumes as the mantle is hotter and hence it crosses the solidus and melts at a greater depth, creating more melt and a thicker crust. An example of this is Iceland which has crust of thickness ~20 km.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3747719", "score": "1.0004772", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Drummond Matthews", "text": "the newly formed crust away from the ridge, widening the ocean basin and pushing the continents apart. In 1962 Matthews, as a research fellow at King's College, Cambridge, made a survey across part of an ocean ridge in the north-west Indian Ocean. This revealed a pattern of magnetic anomalies running in parallel stripes and virtually symmetrically on either side of the ridge. The most plausible explanation for these anomalies required the assumption (already in circulation at the time, but not yet proven) that the Earth's magnetic field had reversed its polarity repeatedly over time. Ocean crust consists of basic igneous", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5849082", "score": "0.9999183", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Abyssal plain", "text": "mantle is partially melted into magma as it moves upwards under mid-ocean ridges. This upwelling magma then cools and solidifies by conduction and convection of heat to form new oceanic crust. Accretion occurs as mantle is added to the growing edges of a tectonic plate, usually associated with seafloor spreading. The age of oceanic crust is therefore a function of distance from the mid-ocean ridge. The youngest oceanic crust is at the mid-ocean ridges, and it becomes progressively older, cooler and denser as it migrates outwards from the mid-ocean ridges as part of the process called mantle convection. The lithosphere,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3729257", "score": "0.9979069", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Continental crust", "text": "continental crust. It makes up about 70% of the volume of Earth's crust. Because the surface of continental crust mainly lies above sea level, its existence allowed land life to evolve from marine life. Its existence also provides broad expanses of shallow water known as epeiric seas and continental shelves where complex metazoan life could become established during early Paleozoic time, in what is now called the Cambrian explosion. All continental crust ultimately derives from the fractional differentiation of oceanic crust over many millions of years. This process has occurred, and continues to occur today, primarily as a result of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3172942", "score": "0.9974171", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Plate tectonics", "text": "utilizing the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's research vessel \"Atlantis\" and an array of instruments, confirmed the existence of a rise in the central Atlantic Ocean, and found that the floor of the seabed beneath the layer of sediments consisted of basalt, not the granite which is the main constituent of continents. They also found that the oceanic crust was much thinner than continental crust. All these new findings raised important and intriguing questions. The new data that had been collected on the ocean basins also showed particular characteristics regarding the bathymetry. One of the major outcomes of these datasets was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "336028", "score": "0.9942189", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Plate tectonics", "text": "Hess and Dietz had begun to theorise that mid-ocean ridges mark structurally weak zones where the ocean floor was being ripped in two lengthwise along the ridge crest (see the previous paragraph). New magma from deep within the Earth rises easily through these weak zones and eventually erupts along the crest of the ridges to create new oceanic crust. This process, at first denominated the \"conveyer belt hypothesis\" and later called seafloor spreading, operating over many millions of years continues to form new ocean floor all across the 50,000 km-long system of mid-ocean ridges. Only four years after the maps", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "336038", "score": "0.9934681", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Seafloor spreading", "text": "at fast rates an axial high is found within the crustal accretion zone. The differences in spreading rates affect not only the geometries of the ridges but also the geochemistry of the basalts that are produced. Since the new oceanic basins are shallower than the old oceanic basins, the total capacity of the world's ocean basins decreases during times of active sea floor spreading. During the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, sea level was so high that a Western Interior Seaway formed across North America from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean. At the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (and in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1293816", "score": "0.99239683", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Seafloor spreading", "long_answer": "Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. When oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures to occur in the lithosphere.The motivating force for seafloor spreading ridges is tectonic plate pull rather than magma pressure, although there is typically significant magma activity at spreading ridges. At a spreading center basaltic magma rises up the fractures and cools on the ocean floor to form new seabed. Hydrothermal vents are common at spreading centers. Older rocks will be found farther away from the spreading zone while younger rocks will be found nearer to the spreading zone. Additionally spreading rates determine if the ridge is a fast, intermediate, or slow. As a general rule, fast ridges see spreading rate of more than 9 cm/year. Intermediate ridges have a spreading rate of 4–9 cm/year while slow spreading ridges have a rate less than 4 cm/year.", "chunked_long_answer": "Seafloor spreading is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge. Seafloor spreading helps explain continental drift in the theory of plate tectonics. When oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures to occur in the lithosphere.The motivating force for seafloor spreading ridges is tectonic plate pull rather than magma pressure, although there is typically significant magma activity at spreading ridges. At a spreading center basaltic magma rises up the fractures and cools on the ocean floor to form new seabed. Hydrothermal vents are common", "short_answers": [ "basaltic magma", "volcanic activity" ] }

[ "at IBM" ]

[ { "title": "History of programming languages", "text": "In 1954, language FORTRAN was invented at IBM by a team led by John Backus; it was the first widely used high level general purpose programming language to have a functional implementation, as opposed to just a design on paper. It is still a popular language for high-performance computing and is used for programs that benchmark and rank the world's fastest supercomputers.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "High-level programming language", "text": "COBOL and Fortran. The first high-level programming language designed for computers was Plankalkül, created by Konrad Zuse. However, it was not implemented in his time, and his original contributions were largely isolated from other developments due to World War II, aside from the language's influence on the \"Superplan\" language by Heinz Rutishauser and also to some degree Algol. The first significantly widespread high-level language was Fortran, a machine-independent development of IBM's earlier Autocode systems. Algol, defined in 1958 and 1960 by committees of European and American computer scientists, introduced recursion as well as nested functions under lexical scope. It was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1575898", "score": "1.1760832", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Programming language", "text": "were still closely tied to the instruction set architecture of the specific computer. These served to make the program much more human-readable and relieved the programmer of tedious and error-prone address calculations. The first \"high-level programming languages\", or \"third-generation programming languages\" (3GL), were written in the 1950s. An early high-level programming language to be designed for a computer was Plankalkül, developed for the German Z3 by Konrad Zuse between 1943 and 1945. However, it was not implemented until 1998 and 2000. John Mauchly's Short Code, proposed in 1949, was one of the first high-level languages ever developed for an electronic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "309188", "score": "1.1540637", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Compiler", "text": "the analysis into the target code. Optimization between the front end and back end could produce more efficient target code. Some early milestones in the development of compiler technology: Early operating systems and software were written in assembly language. In the 60s and early 70s, the use of high-level languages for system programming was still controversial due to resource limitations. However, several research and industry efforts began the shift toward high-level systems programming languages, for example, BCPL, BLISS, B, and C. BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language) designed in 1966 by Martin Richards at the University of Cambridge was originally developed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "70669", "score": "1.1518753", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "History of programming languages", "text": "deal of intellectual effort. The first programming languages designed to communicate instructions to a computer were written in the 1950s. An early high-level programming language to be designed for a computer was Plankalkül, developed by the Germans for Z1 by Konrad Zuse between 1943 and 1945. However, it was not implemented until 1998 and 2000. John Mauchly's Short Code, proposed in 1949, was one of the first high-level languages ever developed for an electronic computer. Unlike machine code, Short Code statements represented mathematical expressions in understandable form. However, the program had to be translated into machine code every time it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3579002", "score": "1.1404496", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "John Backus", "text": "in 1950. During his first three years, he worked on the Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC); his first major project was to write a program to calculate positions of the Moon. In 1953 Backus developed the language Speedcoding, the first high-level language created for an IBM computer, to aid in software development for the IBM 701 computer. Programming was very difficult at this time, and in 1954 Backus assembled a team to define and develop Fortran for the IBM 704 computer. Fortran was the first high-level programming language to be put to broad use. Backus served on the international committees", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "790244", "score": "1.132772", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Interpreter (computing)", "text": "language is an interpreter or a compiler, respectively. A high level language is ideally an abstraction independent of particular implementations. Interpreters were used as early as 1952 to ease programming within the limitations of computers at the time (e.g. a shortage of program storage space, or no native support for floating point numbers). Interpreters were also used to translate between low-level machine languages, allowing code to be written for machines that were still under construction and tested on computers that already existed. The first interpreted high-level language was Lisp. Lisp was first implemented in 1958 by Steve Russell on an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "701617", "score": "1.1099384", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Programming language theory", "text": "until 1998). The first widely known and successful high-level programming language was Fortran, developed from 1954 to 1957 by a team of IBM researchers led by John Backus. The success of FORTRAN led to the formation of a committee of scientists to develop a \"universal\" computer language; the result of their effort was ALGOL 58. Separately, John McCarthy of MIT developed the Lisp programming language (based on the lambda calculus), the first language with origins in academia to be successful. With the success of these initial efforts, programming languages became an active topic of research in the 1960s and beyond.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7027907", "score": "1.1083868", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Operating system", "text": "1961, Burroughs Corporation introduced the B5000 with the MCP, (Master Control Program) operating system. The B5000 was a stack machine designed to exclusively support high-level languages with no machine language or assembler, and indeed the MCP was the first OS to be written exclusively in a high-level language ESPOL, a dialect of ALGOL. MCP also introduced many other ground-breaking innovations, such as being the first commercial implementation of virtual memory. During development of the AS/400, IBM made an approach to Burroughs to license MCP to run on the AS/400 hardware. This proposal was declined by Burroughs management to protect its", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "297418", "score": "1.101346", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "High Order Language Working Group", "text": "High Order Language Working Group The High Order Language Working Group (HOLWG) was a working group instrumental in developing the Ada computer programming language. The group was established in 1975 with the goal of establishing a single high level programming language appropriate for United States Department of Defense (DoD) real-time embedded computer systems. Colonel William A. Whitaker chaired the group. The group was centered in the US, but input was solicited from international experts. European experts responded well, which was valuable since language research there, during the prior decade, was more active than in the US. Some highly accomplished academics", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8826663", "score": "1.0976279", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "History of operating systems", "text": "support large-scale time sharing, also patterned after the Dartmouth BASIC system. Burroughs Corporation introduced the B5000 in 1961 with the MCP (Master Control Program) operating system. The B5000 was a stack machine designed to exclusively support high-level languages, with no software, not even at the lowest level of the operating system, being written directly in machine language or assembly language; the MCP was the first OS to be written entirely in a high-level language - ESPOL, a dialect of ALGOL 60 - although ESPOL had specialized statements for each \"syllable\" in the B5000 instruction set. MCP also introduced many other", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "667832", "score": "1.0953522", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "High-level programming language", "text": "the HLL code. This is known as a \"high-level language computer architecture\" – the computer architecture itself is designed to be targeted by a specific high-level language. The Burroughs large systems were target machines for Algol 60, for example. High-level programming language In computer science, a high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In contrast to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language \"elements\", be easier to use, or may automate (or even hide entirely) significant areas of computing systems (e.g. memory management), making the process of developing a program", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1575908", "score": "1.0856968", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "High-level programming language", "text": "High-level programming language In computer science, a high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In contrast to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language \"elements\", be easier to use, or may automate (or even hide entirely) significant areas of computing systems (e.g. memory management), making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable than when using a lower-level language. The amount of abstraction provided defines how \"high-level\" a programming language is. In the 1960s, high-level programming languages using a compiler were commonly called autocodes. Examples of autocodes are", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1575897", "score": "1.077772", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Burroughs MCP", "text": "is now widely practised and is the essence of Open Innovation. This management innovation of community development dated back to the 1970s. The MCP was the first OS developed exclusively in a high-level language. Over its 50-year history, it has had many firsts in a commercial implementation, including virtual memory, symmetric multiprocessing, and a high-level job control language (WFL). It has long had many facilities that are only now appearing in other widespread operating systems, and together with the Burroughs large systems architecture, the MCP provides a very secure, high performance, multitasking and transaction processing environment. Burroughs MCP The MCP", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3717594", "score": "1.0741777", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "PL/I", "text": "Germany for the DOS/360 low end operating system. It implements a subset of the PL/I language requiring all strings and arrays to have fixed extents, thus simplifying the run-time environment. Reflecting the underlying operating system, it lacks dynamic storage allocation and the \"controlled\" storage class. It was shipped within a year of PL/I F. Compilers were implemented by several groups in the early 1960s. The Multics project at MIT, one of the first to develop an operating system in a high-level language, used Early PL/I (EPL), a subset dialect of PL/I, as their implementation language in 1964. EPL was developed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "326287", "score": "1.0739019", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Carl Sassenrath", "text": "computing languages and systems. In 1988, Sassenrath left Silicon Valley for the mountains of Ukiah valley, 2 hours north of San Francisco. From there he founded multimedia technology companies such as Pantaray, American Multimedia, and VideoStream. He also implemented the Logo programming language for the Amiga, managed the software OS development for CDTV, one of the first CD-ROM TV set-top boxes, and wrote the OS for Viscorp Ed, one of the first Internet TV set-top boxes. In 1996, after watching the growth and development of programming languages like Java, Perl, and Python, Sassenrath decided to publish his own ideas within", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2014553", "score": "1.0690854", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "History of compiler construction", "text": "UNIVAC and IBM mainframe computers. The Multics project, a joint venture between MIT and Bell Labs, was one of the first to develop an operating system in a high level language. PL/I was chosen as the language, but an external supplier could not supply a working compiler. The Multics team developed their own subset dialect of PL/I known as Early PL/I (EPL) as their implementation language in 1964. TMG was ported to GE-600 series and used to develop EPL by Douglas McIlroy, Robert Morris, and others. Not long after Ken Thompson wrote the first version of Unix for the PDP-7", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12965884", "score": "1.0689836", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "High Order Language Working Group", "text": "were paid including Edsger W. Dijkstra, Charles Antony Richard Hoare, and Niklaus Wirth. HOLWG had three objectives: High Order Language Working Group The High Order Language Working Group (HOLWG) was a working group instrumental in developing the Ada computer programming language. The group was established in 1975 with the goal of establishing a single high level programming language appropriate for United States Department of Defense (DoD) real-time embedded computer systems. Colonel William A. Whitaker chaired the group. The group was centered in the US, but input was solicited from international experts. European experts responded well, which was valuable since language", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8826664", "score": "1.068547", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Pascal (programming language)", "text": "around 1983 by a French team to implement a Unix-like systems named Sol. It was standard Pascal level-1 (with parametrized array bounds) but the definition allowed alternative keywords and predefined identifiers in French and the language included a few extensions to ease system programming (e.g. an equivalent to lseek). The Sol team later on moved to the ChorusOS project to design a distributed operating system. IP Pascal was an implementation of the Pascal programming language using Micropolis DOS, but was moved rapidly to CP/M-80 running on the Z80. It was moved to the 80386 machine types in 1994, and exists", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "327309", "score": "1.0618844", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "BLIS/COBOL", "text": "worldwide. By 1985, a version for the IBM PC existed called PC-BLIS. Originally, most operating systems were written in assembly language for a particular processor or family of processors. Non-assembler operating systems were comparatively slow, but were easier for revision and repair. One of the reasons for the C programming language's low-level features, which resemble assembly language in some ways, is an early intent to use it for writing operating systems. Similar goals led to IBM's development of PL/S. The high-level nature of COBOL, which created some problems for operating system development, was partially addressed in BLIS, since it was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5083345", "score": "1.0596051", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Burroughs MCP", "text": "MCP was the first OS written exclusively in a high-level language (HLL). The Burroughs Large System (B5000 and successors) were unique in that they were designed with the expectation that all software, including system software, would be written in an HLL rather than in assembly language, which was a unique and innovative approach in 1961. Unlike IBM, which faced hardware competition after the departure of Gene Amdahl, Burroughs software was designed to run only on proprietary hardware. For this reason, Burroughs was free to distribute the source code of all software it sold, including the MCP, which was designed with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3717546", "score": "1.0553681", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Pascal (programming language)", "text": "the first one which allowed function and operator overloading. Development for Pascal-SC started in 1978 supporting ISO 7185 Pascal level 0, but level 2 support was added at a later stage. Pascal-SC originally targeted the Z80 processor, but was later rewritten for DOS (x86) and 68000. Pascal-XSC has at various times been ported to Unix (Linux, SunOS, HP-UX, AIX) and Microsoft/IBM (DOS with EMX, OS/2, Windows) operating systems. It operates by generating intermediate C source code which is then compiled to a native executable. Some of the Pascal-SC language extensions have been adopted by GNU Pascal. Pascal Sol was designed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "327308", "score": "1.0511386", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Linn 9000", "text": "he designed the Akai MPC60, released in 1988. The Linn 9000 was plagued with problems from the beginning. On early models, the power supply over-heated the CPU and had to be replaced under warranty. The original Linn 9000 operating system was mostly written in an esoteric high-level programming language called FORTH\" with some machine language. In early versions, some of the FORTH code produced unacceptable delays in user interface functions and was rewritten in machine language. But the operating system had numerous bugs and it was common for the machine to lock-up and lose data. Linn attempted to debug, rewrite", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16579178", "score": "1.0501062", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "OS-9", "text": "(\"OS-9 Level One\"), which dates back to 1979–80, was written in assembly language for the Motorola 6809 CPU, and all of its processes ran within the 64KB address space of the CPU without a memory management unit. It was developed as a supporting operating system for the BASIC09 project, contracted for by Motorola as part of the 6809 development. A later 6809 version (\"Level Two\") takes advantage of memory mapping hardware, supported up to 2 MB of memory (ca 1980) in most implementations, and included a GUI on some platforms. In 1983, OS-9/6809 was ported to Motorola 68000 assembly language", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "507859", "score": "1.0492686", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Information Processing Language", "text": "up, and incorporated into Lisp and from there into a wide range of programming languages over the next several decades. Information Processing Language Information Processing Language (IPL) is a programming language created by Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert A. Simon at RAND Corporation and the Carnegie Institute of Technology at about 1956. Newell had the job of language specifier-application programmer, Shaw was the system programmer, and Simon took the job of application programmer-user. The language includes features intended to help with programs that perform simple problem solving actions such as lists, dynamic memory allocation, data types, recursion, functions as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2048600", "score": "1.0490811", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Speedcoding", "text": "Speedcoding Speedcoding or Speedcode was the first high-level programming language created for an IBM computer. The language was developed by John Backus in 1953 for the IBM 701 to support computation with floating point numbers. Here high level means symbolic and aiming for natural language expressivity as a goal as opposed to machine or hardware instruction oriented coding. The idea arose from the difficulty of programming the IBM SSEC machine when Backus was hired to calculate astronomical positions in early 1950. The speedcoding system was an interpreter and focused on ease of use at the expense of system resources. It", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8585144", "score": "1.0476525", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "ICL VME", "text": "VME operating system itself and other system software such as compilers and transaction processing monitors is S3. This is a high level language based in many ways on Algol 68, but with data types and low-level functions and operators aligned closely with the architecture of the 2900 series. An assembly language SFL (System Function Language) is also available. This was used for the development of VME/K, whose designers were not confident that a high-level language could give adequate performance, and also for the IDMS database system on account of its origins as a third-party product. SFL was originally called Macro", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "821774", "score": "1.047584", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "STELLA (programming language)", "text": "working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1960s, Jay Wright Forrester developed the earliest understanding of system dynamics which he argued could only be understood using models. Dartmouth College systems science professor Barry Richmond founded High Performance Systems in 1984. With financial support of Analog Devices, Inc. and technical support from Apple Computer, he developed STELLA (short for Structural Thinking, Experimental Learning Laboratory with Animation) at his company. He presented the prototype for the visual programming language in 1985 at the System Dynamics Society's annual conference in a paper entitled \"STELLA: Software for Bringing System Dynamics to the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19338533", "score": "1.0441937", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Address programming language", "text": "tools can be found in many programming-related fields, such as abstract data types, object-oriented programming, functional programming, database and artificial intelligence. Address programming language The Address programming language ( ) is one of the world's first high-level programming languages. It was created in 1955 by Ekaterina Yushchenko. In particular, the Address programming language made possible indirect addressing and addresses of the highest rank analogous to pointers. Unlike Fortran and ALGOL 60, APL (Address programming language) supported indirect addressing and addressing of higher ranks. Indirect addressing is a mechanism that appeared in other programming languages much later (1963–65 in PL/1). The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16160936", "score": "1.0430492", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "William Martens", "text": "take an interest in Pascal which was fast becoming the programming language of the modern programmer. In January 1982, Bill began work on the Pascal Anthology which became a mainstay product for A.P.P.L.E until 1988. In 1989, he moved to Japan to pursue his career in engineering. His first job in Japan was working for a Japanese electronics house designing and programming satellite tranceivers for ships. In 1985 he created a language which allowed formatting of text and allowed user interaction. File Control Language was only released in small numbers and was soon made obsolete by the introduction of HyperCard.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6866593", "score": "1.0429718", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "History of programming languages", "long_answer": "In 1954, language FORTRAN was invented at IBM by a team led by John Backus; it was the first widely used high level general purpose programming language to have a functional implementation, as opposed to just a design on paper. It is still a popular language for high-performance computing and is used for programs that benchmark and rank the world's fastest supercomputers.", "chunked_long_answer": "In 1954, language FORTRAN was invented at IBM by a team led by John Backus; it was the first widely used high level general purpose programming language to have a functional implementation, as opposed to just a design on paper. It is still a popular language for high-performance computing and is used for programs that benchmark and rank the world's fastest supercomputers.", "short_answers": [ "at IBM" ] }

[ "Matthew Lyn Lillard" ]

[ { "title": "Matthew Lillard", "text": "Matthew Lyn Lillard (born January 24, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor, director, and producer. He is best known for portraying Chip in Serial Mom (1994), Stu in Scream (1996), Stevo in SLC Punk! (1998), Jerry Conlaine in Without a Paddle (2004) and Shaggy Rogers in both Scooby-Doo (2002) and Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004). In animation, he has been the current voice of Shaggy since veteran actor Casey Kasem retired from the role.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Scott Innes", "text": "and Barney Rubble in a Toshiba commercial from 2002 and even voiced Astro from the Jetsons in a 2003 series of Radio Shack commercials. Innes auditioned to replace the retired Casey Kasem to return as Shaggy for the television series \"Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated\", but he lost the role to Matthew Lillard, who previously portrayed Shaggy in the 2002 film and its sequel \"\" (2004). He wrote the song, \"Handprints on the Wall\", which was recorded by Kenny Rogers. In-between his voice acting duties, Innes was the afternoon air personality at Country outlet WYNK-FM/Baton Rouge, Louisiana from 1997– 2011, and joined", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3391149", "score": "1.1782318", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo", "text": "first feature film, \"Scooby-Doo\" returned to Saturday morning for the first time in 17 years with \"What's New, Scooby-Doo?\", which aired on Kids' WB from 2002 until 2006. Produced by Warner Bros. Animation, the show follows the format of the original series but places it in the 21st century, featuring a heavy promotion of modern technology (computers, DVD, the Internet, cell phones) and culture. Beginning with this series, Frank Welker took over as Scooby's voice actor, while continuing to provide the voice of Fred as well. Casey Kasem returned as Shaggy, on the condition that the character be depicted as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "478884", "score": "1.16677", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo (film)", "text": "in June 2001. The film was originally set to have a much darker tone, essentially poking fun at the original series, much like \"The Brady Bunch Movie\", and was set for a PG-13 rating. Shaggy was set to be a stoner, and there were many marijuana references. Several rumors about these aspects in the original cartoon series were passed around by fans of the original and were to be incorporated into the live action film. In March 2001, one month into filming, the first official cast picture was released. According to actress Sarah Michelle Gellar, after the cast had signed", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3914001", "score": "1.1465282", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island", "text": "sequences of interplay between Shaggy and Scooby for him. After Don Messick's death, Scott Innes replaced Messick as the voice of Scooby-Doo. Casey Kasem did not reprise his role as Shaggy Rogers as he wished to only voice Shaggy if the character became a vegetarian, like himself. Instead, Billy West provided the voice for Shaggy. Mary Kay Bergman was cast as Daphne when the character was taken in a new direction. B.J. Ward, who played Velma in the \"Johnny Bravo\" crossover episode, reprised her role in this film. Frank Welker is the only actor from the original series to reprise", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5358861", "score": "1.1271938", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo! (film series)", "text": "Gosnell, the film starred Freddie Prinze, Jr., as Fred, Sarah Michelle Gellar as Daphne, Matthew Lillard as Shaggy, and Linda Cardellini as Velma. Scooby-Doo was created on-screen by computer-generated special effects and his voice was provided by Neil Fanning. The plot shows the Mystery, Inc. coming back together after two years of separation, to investigate an amusement park called Spooky Island, where they deal with real demons. The film was a financially successful release, with a domestic box office gross of over $130 million. However, the film was not well reviewed, but was a great hit with young audiences and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17046598", "score": "1.1248579", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo", "text": "Welker as the voice of Scooby-Doo. A second live-action TV movie, \"Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster\", retained the same cast and aired on October 16, 2010 and a direct-to-video spin-off \"Daphne & Velma\" in 2018. The three films serve as prequels taking place before the events of the 2002 film. A feature-length live-action film version of \"Scooby-Doo\" was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on June 14, 2002. Directed by Raja Gosnell, the film starred Freddie Prinze Jr. as Fred, Sarah Michelle Gellar as Daphne, Matthew Lillard as Shaggy, and Linda Cardellini as Velma. Scooby-Doo, voiced by Neil Fanning, was", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "478881", "score": "1.123775", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated", "text": "in her hair). The series is also the animated debut of Matthew Lillard as the voice of Shaggy, after he portrayed the character in two live-action films, \"Scooby-Doo\" (2002) and \"\" (2004). Casey Kasem, the original voice of Shaggy, voiced Shaggy's father in five episodes; this would be his last voice-acting role before his death. Linda Cardellini, who played Velma in the live-action movies, voiced Hot Dog Water, a recurring character in the series. The show also brought back characters seen in previous Scooby-Doo series such as the eco-goth rock band The Hex Girls and Vincent Van Ghoul from \"The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13210081", "score": "1.1237582", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo! Abracadabra-Doo", "text": "first week and as of January 2013, it has sold approximately 433,000 units. This marks the first Scooby-Doo animated movie to feature Matthew Lillard voicing Shaggy Rogers (having previously played the character in the 2002 and 2004 live-action films), as well as the first \"Scooby-Doo\" production since \"Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Chase\" not to feature original Shaggy voice actor Casey Kasem in any capacity. The animation is now in a different format, with a darker, more realistic look similar to \"Zombie Island\" and \"Witch's Ghost\", and the characters are now in their original outfits and designs from the classic original", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14223304", "score": "1.120489", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo", "text": "by \"Dr. Phibes\" (based primarily upon Dr. Evil from the \"Austin Powers \"series, and named after Vincent Price's character from \"The Abominable Dr. Phibes\"), then use different schemes to try to get the invention from Shaggy and Scooby, who handle the plots alone. Fred, Daphne, and Velma are normally absent, but do make appearances at times to help. The characters were redesigned and the art style revised for the new series. Scott Menville voiced Shaggy in the series, with Casey Kasem appearing as the voice of Shaggy's Uncle Albert. \"Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue!\" ran for two seasons on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "478886", "score": "1.1149334", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Matthew Lillard", "text": "played Stevo in the independent film \"SLC Punk!\", and supporting character Dennis Rafkin in \"Thirteen Ghosts\". Lillard was cast as Shaggy Rogers in the 2002 live-action \"Scooby-Doo\" film, a role he later reprised in the 2004 sequel \"\". When Casey Kasem, who had voiced the character from the show's debut in 1969, retired due to declining health in 2009, Lillard was chosen as his replacement and voiced Shaggy in the two subsequent animated series, \"Mystery Incorporated\" and \"Be Cool Scooby-Doo!\", as well as every direct-to-video film since 2010's \"Scooby-Doo! Abracadabra-Doo\". In 2011, Lillard guest starred on the Fox series \"House\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3601368", "score": "1.1124794", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Shaggy Rogers", "text": "Dooby Doo episode of \"Johnny Bravo\" in 1997. Starting with \"What's New, Scooby-Doo?\" in 2002 and \"\" in 2003, Kasem resumed the role and continued to do so until his retirement in 2009. Billy West voiced the character in the film \"Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island\" (1998). Scott Innes (who has also voiced Scooby and Scrappy-Doo) voiced Shaggy in the 1999–2001 direct-to-video films, and in video games until 2009. Innes reprised Shaggy in \"Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law\", and a DirecTV commercial featuring the Scooby gang in 2008. Scott Menville voiced Shaggy in \"Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue!\". As of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3627669", "score": "1.1084306", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo", "text": "in 1997 and Casey Kasem, a strict vegetarian, relinquished the role of Shaggy after having to provide the voice for a 1995 Burger King commercial. Therefore, Scott Innes took over as both Scooby-Doo and Shaggy (Billy West voiced Shaggy in \"Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island\"). B.J. Ward took over as Velma, and Mary Kay Bergman voiced Daphne until her death in November 1999, and was replaced by Grey DeLisle. These first four direct-to-video films differed from the original series format by placing the characters in plots with a darker tone and pitting them against actual supernatural forces. \"Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "478877", "score": "1.1068339", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo", "text": "Scooby-Doo\", using that show's voice cast. Entries from 2010 on use the original 1969 designs and feature Matthew Lillard as the voice of Shaggy, the character Lillard portrayed in the live-action theatrical \"Scooby-Doo\" films. Two Scooby-Doo! movies were released in 2016, named \"Lego Scooby-Doo! Haunted Hollywood\" and \"\". In addition, a live-action TV movie, \"Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins\", was released on DVD and simultaneously aired on Cartoon Network on September 13, 2009, the 40th anniversary of the series' debut. The film starred Nick Palatas as Shaggy, Robbie Amell as Fred, Kate Melton as Daphne, Hayley Kiyoko as Velma, and Frank", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "478880", "score": "1.1029706", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Shaggy Rogers", "text": "2010, Matthew Lillard, who also played Shaggy in the 2002 and 2004 live-action films, took over the voice of Shaggy. Lillard also played Shaggy in \"Robot Chicken\" and \"MAD\". Nick Palatas played Shaggy in the 2009 and 2010 live-action films. Voiced By: Portrayed By: Relatives of Shaggy shown during the series include: In some of the \"Scooby-Doo\" series, Shaggy is born in Coolsville, Ohio. When he was old enough to go to school he adopted Scooby–Doo from the Knittingham Puppy Farm. Later on, he met Fred Jones, Daphne Blake, and Velma Dinkley. They became friends and they decided to be", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3627670", "score": "1.1022339", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo", "text": "of Shaggy, while Welker, Cohn, and DeLisle continued in their respective roles. Patrick Warburton, Linda Cardellini, Lewis Black, Vivica A. Fox, Gary Cole, Udo Kier, Tim Matheson, Tia Carrere, and Kate Higgins were added as new semi-regular cast members. Casey Kasem appeared in a recurring role as Shaggy's father, one of his last roles before retiring due to declining health. The series, while still following the basic mystery-solving format of its predecessors, was broadcast as a 52-chapter animated televised novel and included elements similar to live-action mystery/adventure shows such as \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" and \"Lost.\" An overarching mystery surrounding", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "478888", "score": "1.0960743", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins", "text": "Kiyoko as Velma and Nick Palatas as Shaggy. Scooby-Doo was created using computer-generated imagery and his voice is provided by Frank Welker, who also was a cast member of the animated series, \"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!\" and \"The Scooby-Doo Show\", providing the voice of Fred. The music is scored by Academy Award-nominee David Newman, who had previously scored the theatrical films \"Scooby-Doo\" (2002) and \"\" (2004). The film is dedicated to Lorena Gale, who died during production. Its sequel, \"Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster\", was released on October 16, 2010. In Coolsville, Ohio, four teenagers are accidentally involved in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12224516", "score": "1.0921863", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue!", "text": "Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue! Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue! is an American animated comedy series produced by Warner Bros. Animation, the tenth incarnation of Hanna-Barbera's \"Scooby-Doo\" franchise. It debuted on September 23, 2006, and ran for two seasons during the Kids' WB Saturday morning block of The CW Television Network. It was the final animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera's co-founder Joseph Barbera before his death. The second season premiered in Canada on Teletoon on September 6, 2008, and was also available online at Cartoon Network Online. The characters have also been re-designed to look like animated versions", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7665467", "score": "1.0897994", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Fred Jones (Scooby-Doo)", "text": "In later episodes, the engagement is broken off and their relationship continues to evolve. It is never revealed if they became married or not. In the episode \"When the Cicada Calls,\" they have their first date at the Trap Exhibit 3000. Sarah Michelle Gellar and Freddie Prinze Jr. who portrayed Daphne and Fred in the first two live-action movies are married to each other in real life. They have been married since 2002. Fred Jones (Scooby-Doo) Frederick Herman Jones is a fictional character in the American animated series \"Scooby-Doo\", about a quartet of teenage mystery solvers and their Great Dane", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4063992", "score": "1.0880437", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo (film)", "text": "hands on. If I ever have to see another episode of \"Scooby-Doo\", it will be way too soon.\" Lillard would continue voicing Shaggy in the rest of the \"Scooby-Doo\" media. Jim Carrey was originally attached to play Shaggy, while Mike Myers also expressed interest in playing Shaggy. In January 2001, it was reported that Rowan Atkinson was in negotiations to play Mondavarious. Prinze said of his character, \"[He] always showed more arrogance than everyone else. So in the movie, I took the opportunity to make him as narcissistic and self-loving as possible.\" Fisher grew up watching \"Scooby-Doo\" in Australia, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3914004", "score": "1.0863211", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show", "text": "to the series in the episode \"Happy Birthday, Scooby-Doo,\" although later in the same episode it is corrected as \"Jones\"; Rogers had been established as Shaggy's surname the previous season. \"The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries\" theme song is performed in the style of \"Thriller\"-era Michael Jackson. The accompanying opening credits feature shots of a row of monsters dancing like the zombies in Jackson's \"Thriller\" music video. While no plans for a complete season have been announced, Warner Home Video has begun releasing the episodes in new Scooby-Doo compilation sets. \"A Halloween Hassle at Dracula's Castle\" was announced for release on 13", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5962236", "score": "1.0840492", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo Meets the Boo Brothers", "text": "Scooby-Doo Meets the Boo Brothers Scooby-Doo Meets the Boo Brothers is a 1987 animated made-for-television film produced by Hanna-Barbera for syndication as part of the \"Hanna-Barbera Superstars 10\" series. Shaggy discovers that his uncle Colonel Beauregard has died and left him his country estate, which is on a plantation. After being chased away by a ghost witch, Shaggy, Scooby and Scrappy head for the estate in order to claim Shaggy's inheritance. Before they can get there, they meet Sheriff Rufus Buzby, who warns them about the whole estate being haunted and that they should leave. Before he can fully convince", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7277800", "score": "1.0791787", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Scooby Goes Hollywood", "text": "the tape of his own pilots such as \"Mork and Shaggy\", \"Welcome Back, Shaggy!\", and \"Shaggy and Hutch\". Shaggy (tied up in the film reel) then chases the Mystery Machine into the sunset. \"Scooby-Doo Meets the Boo Brothers\" was released in 1987. Scooby Goes Hollywood Scooby Goes Hollywood (later released on home video as Scooby-Doo Goes Hollywood) is a 1979 television special starring the cast of Hanna-Barbera's Saturday-morning cartoon series \"Scooby-Doo\". It was originally broadcast on ABC on December 23, 1979. A musical-based parody of both the \"Scooby-Doo\" formula and of Hollywood in general, the story line centered on Shaggy", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5954799", "score": "1.0781265", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo (film)", "text": "at the Wow-O-Toy Factory. However, long-time friction among Fred Jones, a glory hog; Daphne Blake, who is fed up with being kidnapped at every mystery; and Velma Dinkley, who is never credited for her ideas, finally boils over and the gang breaks up, leaving Shaggy Rogers and his dog Scooby-Doo heartbroken. Two years later, Shaggy and Scooby are invited to solve a mystery on the popular resort Spooky Island, owned by Emile Mondavarious. At the airport, the pair are unexpectedly reunited with the rest of Mystery, Inc.—Fred has become a popular author, Velma works for NASA, and Daphne has undertaken", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3913993", "score": "1.0756067", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "A Pup Named Scooby-Doo", "text": "dogcatcher. The series also features Scooby and Shaggy as their favorite superhero duo. Shaggy would be the fearless Commander Cool (a combination of Batman and Superman) and Scooby would be his faithful canine sidekick Mellow Mutt (a combination of Krypto, Robin, and Ace the Bat-Hound). In 2013 a direct-to-video puppet movie was released exclusively to US Walmart stores and digital download called \"\", that featured traits similar to that of \"A Pup Named Scooby-Doo\". Shaggy was exactly like his older incarnation. He ate a lot and used the terms \"Like\" and \"Zoinks!\" constantly. He sometimes agrees with other members of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4852642", "score": "1.0753899", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo Meets the Boo Brothers", "text": "1988. Scooby-Doo Meets the Boo Brothers Scooby-Doo Meets the Boo Brothers is a 1987 animated made-for-television film produced by Hanna-Barbera for syndication as part of the \"Hanna-Barbera Superstars 10\" series. Shaggy discovers that his uncle Colonel Beauregard has died and left him his country estate, which is on a plantation. After being chased away by a ghost witch, Shaggy, Scooby and Scrappy head for the estate in order to claim Shaggy's inheritance. Before they can get there, they meet Sheriff Rufus Buzby, who warns them about the whole estate being haunted and that they should leave. Before he can fully", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7277808", "score": "1.0729136", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Scott Innes", "text": "Scott Innes Scott Innes (born October 1, 1966) is an American voice actor, author, songwriter and radio personality. Innes became the voice of Scooby-Doo between 1998 and 2002 after Don Messick's death in 1997. From 1999 to 2002, he was also the voice of Scooby's best friend and owner Norville \"Shaggy\" Rogers. He was replaced by Frank Welker (as Scooby) and by Casey Kasem (as Shaggy) in 2002, although Innes still provided the voices in video game projects and some commercials until 2009. He also voiced Scooby's nephew Scrappy-Doo in the live action movie \"Scooby-Doo\" (2002). He voiced Fred Flintstone", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3391148", "score": "1.0721676", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo! Legend of the Phantosaur", "text": "Scooby-Doo! Legend of the Phantosaur Scooby-Doo! Legend of the Phantosaur is a 2011 direct-to-DVD animated comedy mystery film; the sixteenth direct-to-video movie based upon the \"Scooby-Doo\" Saturday morning cartoons, the film was released on September 6, 2011. It premiered on Cartoon Network on September 3, 2011. The Mystery Inc. gang travels to a remote town to stay at the La Serena Spa in New Mexico, to relax Shaggy after a scary experience in a haunted mansion left him screaming for a few hours afterward. There, they meet Mr. Hubley, who works at the spa. When Shaggy asks if there is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15580240", "score": "1.0704491", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Scooby-Doo (film)", "text": "martial arts to avoid being kidnapped again. However, while Shaggy and Scooby are thrilled with the reunion, the other three refuse to work with each other, still angry about the incident two years ago. On the flight over, Shaggy falls in love with a girl named Mary Jane, who loves Scooby Snacks like him, but is allergic to dogs. Upon arriving at the island, the gang meet Mondavarious, who claims the visiting tourists have been cursed into a brainwashed state. Velma attends a ritualistic performance hosted by N'Goo Tuana and his henchman, Zarkos, a famous luchador. N'Goo claims the island", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3913994", "score": "1.0662706", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "What's New, Scooby-Doo?", "text": "series have aired on both Cartoon Network and Boomerang in the United States. It also aired on Teletoon in Canada, and CBBC in the United Kingdom. For this incarnation of the franchise, Frank Welker, the voice of Fred, took over as Scooby's voice (replacing both Don Messick, the original voice of Scooby, who died in 1997 and Scott Innes, the second voice of the character in the made-for-video films released between 1998 and 2001). Casey Kasem returned as Shaggy, seven years after he had quit the role; Grey DeLisle returned as Daphne's voice (having previously voiced the character in \"Scooby-Doo", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4185027", "score": "1.0659579", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Matthew Lillard", "long_answer": "Matthew Lyn Lillard (born January 24, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor, director, and producer. He is best known for portraying Chip in Serial Mom (1994), Stu in Scream (1996), Stevo in SLC Punk! (1998), Jerry Conlaine in Without a Paddle (2004) and Shaggy Rogers in both Scooby-Doo (2002) and Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004). In animation, he has been the current voice of Shaggy since veteran actor Casey Kasem retired from the role.", "chunked_long_answer": "Matthew Lyn Lillard (born January 24, 1970) is an American actor, voice actor, director, and producer. He is best known for portraying Chip in Serial Mom (1994), Stu in Scream (1996), Stevo in SLC Punk! (1998), Jerry Conlaine in Without a Paddle (2004) and Shaggy Rogers in both Scooby-Doo (2002) and Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004). In animation, he has been the current voice of Shaggy since veteran actor Casey Kasem retired from the role.", "short_answers": [ "Matthew Lyn Lillard" ] }

[ "five times", "five" ]

[ { "title": "List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finals", "text": "They have also won the competition the most times in a row, winning it five times from 1956 to 1960. Juventus have been runners-up the most times, losing seven finals. Atlético Madrid is the only team to reach three finals without having won the trophy while Stade de Reims and Valencia have finished as runners-up twice without winning. Spain has provided the most champions, with 17 wins from two clubs. Italy have produced 12 winners from three clubs and England have produced 12 winners from five clubs. English teams were banned from the competition for five years following the Heysel disaster in 1985. ", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "European Cup and UEFA Champions League history", "text": "against Juventus made Real Madrid the first team ever to repeat in the Champions League era, and the first to win consecutive titles in the competition since A.C. Milan in 1989 and 1990, when the tournament was known as the European Cup. Real Madrid’s title was its 12th, extending its record, and its third in four years. The achievement is also known as \"La Duodécima\". Real Madrid won their third title in a row in 2018 against Liverpool in Kyiv, with a great overhead bicycle goal by Gareth Bale, joined by a long-range goal from the Welshman too, the match", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6272013", "score": "1.016649", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Real Madrid C.F.", "text": "surpassing the previous Spanish record of 18 successive wins set by Frank Rijkaard's \"Barça\" in the 2005–06 season. The streak came to an end in their opening match of 2015 with a loss to Valencia, leaving the club two short of equalling the world record of 24 consecutive wins. The club failed to retain the Champions League (losing to Juventus in the semi-finals) and the Copa del Rey, and also failed to land the league title (finishing two points and a place behind champions Barcelona), shortcomings that all preceded Ancelotti's dismissing on 25 May 2015. On 3 June 2015, Rafael", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "367441", "score": "1.0016762", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Zinedine Zidane", "text": "of the Copa del Rey round of 16 saw him win his 40th consecutive match without a loss – creating a new Spanish record, beating Luis Enrique's record of 39 matches undefeated with Barcelona. Zidane later led Madrid to the La Liga title, their 33rd in history, by defeating Málaga 2–0. On 3 June 2017, Zidane led Real Madrid to a 4–1 win against Italian side Juventus in the 2017 UEFA Champions League Final at Cardiff to grab the club's 12th European Cup (\"La Duodécima\"). This victory meant that Madrid were the first ever team to win the Champions League", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "838492", "score": "0.9914036", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "José Mourinho", "text": "to clinch the Liga title for the first time in four years. On 13 May 2012, Real Madrid defeated Mallorca 4–1 in their last league match of the season, which set records for most games won in a La Liga season (32), most away wins (16), most points obtained in any of the top European leagues (100), improving the most goals scored record they already had set earlier (121) and finishing the season with the highest goal difference (+89). Real Madrid topped the league nine points clear of runners-up Barcelona. On 22 May 2012, Mourinho signed a new four-year contract", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3300705", "score": "0.99112475", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "2016 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "The all-Madrid final also guaranteed the city of Madrid becoming the most successful city in the European Cup with 11 wins and 17 final appearances, and also in all UEFA club competitions with 16 wins, overtaking the city of Milan with 10 wins and 16 final appearances in the European Cup and 15 wins in all UEFA club competitions. Real Madrid reached a record 14th final after a 1–0 aggregate win against Manchester City, with a chance to win a record 11th title. Previously, they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2014, and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18221920", "score": "0.9852778", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "La Liga", "text": "Champions League. From 2000-2010, FC Barcelona won 5 La Liga titles and 2 Champions League. In the 2011–12 season, Real Madrid won its 32nd title under the management of José Mourinho with a then record-breaking 100 points, a then record of 118 number of goals scored, most overall (32) and away (16) wins in a single season in La Liga. A year later, Barcelona replicated the same feat under coach Tito Vilanova matching the 100-point record. Atlético Madrid won the 2013–14 title, their first in 18 years, and the first title in ten years that Real Madrid or Barcelona had", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "492919", "score": "0.98316586", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "2017 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> With their win, Real Madrid secured a record-extending twelfth title in the European Cup/Champions League and became the first club to win back-to-back titles in the Champions League era. This was the club's third title win in four seasons; a feat that has only occurred thrice before – Real Madrid (1956–60), Ajax (1971–73) and Bayern Munich (1974–76). Real Madrid has not lost a final in the Champions League era, with their last defeat occurring in 1981. The victory also saw Madrid secure their first League – European Cup double since the 1957–58 season. Madrid's first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18871299", "score": "0.9781831", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Carlo Ancelotti", "text": "only the second manager after Liverpool's Bob Paisley to win the competition on three occasions and the first man to win the Champions League/European Cup twice as a player and three times as a manager to this day. In addition to winning the Champions League, they finished third in La Liga, losing the tiebreaker for second place against Barcelona, and winning Copa del Rey. On 12 August, Ancelotti won another European trophy, leading Real Madrid to a 2–0 victory over Sevilla in the 2014 UEFA Super Cup. In the last four months of 2014, his team set a Spanish record", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4047462", "score": "0.9775007", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "2014–15 Real Madrid C.F. season", "text": "goal from Isco and an own goal. Playing with their regular starter team, Madrid took on Celta de Vigo and won 3–0, thanks to a hat-trick by Ronaldo, who scored his 200th league goal for Real Madrid. It's Ronaldo's fourth hat-trick in the season. Madrid finished up the group stage of the Champions League with a 4–0 victory over Ludogorets Razgrad with goals from Ronaldo, Bale, Álvaro Arbeloa and Álvaro Medrán. With that win, Madrid set a new record in Spanish football by winning their 19th-straight game. Real Madrid won their 20th consecutive match against Almería 4–1 after a brace", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18032924", "score": "0.9763744", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Real Madrid C.F.", "text": "La Liga titles, 19 Copa del Rey, 10 Supercopa de España, a Copa Eva Duarte, and a Copa de la Liga. In European and worldwide competitions, the club has won a record 25 trophies; a record 13 European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Cups and four UEFA Super Cups. In international football, they have achieved a record six club world championships. Real Madrid was recognised as the FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 11 December 2000, and received the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit on 20 May 2004. The club was also awarded Best European Club of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "367416", "score": "0.9760313", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Zinedine Zidane", "text": "first French manager, except the French-Argentinian Helenio Herrera, to win the trophy. In his first full-season as manager, Real Madrid recorded a club-record 16th consecutive La Liga victory by defeating Espanyol 2–0 away on 18 September 2016, overtaking their previous record of 15 set in 1960–61 and equaling the record of consecutive La Liga wins of Barcelona set in 2010–11. On 18 December, Real Madrid defeated Japanese club Kashima Antlers 4–2 in the final of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup, with Cristiano Ronaldo scoring a hat-trick. On 12 January 2017, Madrid's draw against Sevilla FC in the second leg", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "838491", "score": "0.9743135", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "2018 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "recent occasion the final featured an English team (Chelsea). Liverpool were the most recent team to defeat Real Madrid in a European Cup Final, winning 1–0 in Paris in 1981. Besides the 1981 final, the two teams have played each other four times in the Champions League era. Liverpool won both matches in the 2008–09 UEFA Champions League round of 16, while Real Madrid won both matches in the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League group stage. \"Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).\" The ambassador for the final was former Ukrainian", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19735452", "score": "0.9729235", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "2017 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "Real Madrid went into the final as top scorers of the 2016–17 Champions League, having scored 32 goals. This final is their third since 2014, and gives Real a chance to win a record 12th title. Previously they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014 and 2016, and lost in 1962, 1964 and 1981. This was also their 19th final in all seasonal UEFA competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and two UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1985 and 1986). Real Madrid are looking to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18871289", "score": "0.97153294", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "José Mourinho", "text": "title, the league championship, cup, super cup and league cup (if available) in four European leagues. Real Madrid reached the semi-finals of the Champions League for the third consecutive year under Mourinho's management. The club, however, was defeated 4–1 in the first leg away at Borussia Dortmund. In the second leg at home, Real managed to score two goals in the last ten minutes, but the team could not get the third goal that would have levelled the aggregate score and sent them through on away goals. In the post-game press conference after the second leg with Dortmund, Mourinho hinted", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3300707", "score": "0.971383", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Galácticos", "text": "the league table, with one game left. On 21 May 2017, a 2–0 win over Málaga, with goals from Ronaldo and Benzema, secured the 33rd league title for Madrid. On 3 June 2017, Madrid won the 2017 UEFA Champions League Final 4–1 against Juventus, with two goals from Ronaldo and goals from Casemiro and Asensio, to win their second consecutive and twelfth overall title. With that win, Madrid became the first team to defend their title in the Champions League era. Galácticos The term itself carries both positive and negative meanings. Initially, it was used to emphasise the greatness of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6713391", "score": "0.96954566", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Carlo Ancelotti", "text": "the club's successes. On 16 April 2014, Ancelotti won his first major trophy as Real Madrid manager after they defeated Barcelona 2–1 in the Copa del Rey final held at the Mestalla Stadium. On 29 April, Real Madrid defeated Bayern Munich in the semi-finals of the Champions League by an aggregate score of 5–0 (1–0 in Madrid and 0–4 in Munich), with \"Los Blancos\" reaching their first final since they last won the competition in 2002. On 24 May, Real Madrid won their tenth Champions League trophy after defeating Atlético Madrid in the final 4–1 in extra time. He became", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4047461", "score": "0.96820307", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "2014 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "and Valencia, and the fifth final between teams from the same country, the others being 2003 (Italy), 2008 (England), and 2013 (Germany). Real Madrid reached a record 13th final after a 5–0 aggregate win against defending champions Bayern Munich, making it the first time the club had reached the final since they won their record ninth title in 2002. Previously they won finals in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, and 2002, and lost in 1962, 1964, and 1981. This was also their 17th final in all UEFA club competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15754113", "score": "0.9673921", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Galácticos", "text": "the \"BBC\", finished the season with 97 goals. On 12 August 2014, Real Madrid won the UEFA Super Cup against the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League champions Sevilla by a score of 2–0. Cristiano Ronaldo scored both of Madrid's goals to win the club's 78th official trophy. In the 2014 Supercopa de España, against Atlético, Real finished their home leg with 1–1 after goals from James Rodríguez and Raúl García going into the Vicente Calderón Stadium. Mario Mandžukić shocked Real early on after just two minutes in the second leg with the only goal of the match, which meant that Atlético", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6713388", "score": "0.96725714", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "2016 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "lost in 1962, 1964 and 1981. This was also their 18th final in all UEFA club competitions, having also played in two Cup Winners' Cup finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and two UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1985 and 1986). Their manager, Zinedine Zidane, who scored the winning goal for Real Madrid in the 2002 final, was aiming to become the seventh man to win the Champions League as both player and manager, joining Miguel Muñoz, Giovanni Trapattoni, Johan Cruyff, Carlo Ancelotti, Frank Rijkaard and Pep Guardiola. The team had had a disastrous first half of the season, being", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18221921", "score": "0.96581864", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Zinedine Zidane", "text": "the 2016 UEFA Champions League final by beating Manchester City 1–0 on aggregate. In La Liga, Real Madrid finished runners up, just one point behind Barcelona. In the Champions League final on 28 May, Real Madrid defeated fellow Madrid club Atlético Madrid in a penalty shootout to grab the 11th European Cup (\"La Undécima\") in club history. Zidane became the seventh man to win the European Cup (now UEFA Champions League) as both a player and a manager, the second man (after Miguel Muñoz) to win the trophy with Real Madrid as both a player and a manager, and the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "838490", "score": "0.965007", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "2017 UEFA Champions League Final", "text": "group, headed by a great coach in Zidane. Three Champions Leagues in four years is crazy.\" Kroos revealed that he did not believe that Madrid would be able to successfully defend the trophy saying, \"I didn't expect it would be possible to defend this title as it's so difficult to win it once. But to do it twice in a row is unbelievable. To win it three times in the last four years means a lot. It means it's not only a good team on the pitch but off the pitch. It's like that and I'm happy to be part", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18871306", "score": "0.9630197", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "2013–14 Real Madrid C.F. season", "text": "the game ending 0–2 to Real. Goals from Luka Modrić and Ronaldo gave Madrid the win. Ronaldo's goal set the new record for most goals scored in the Champions League group stages, with nine. The match was Madrid's final of the group stages and were the only team in their group to progress in the knockout round undefeated. \"Los Blancos\" then faced Osasuna away on the 14th. Madrid were down 2–0 in the first 40 minutes, and were down to ten men (Sergio Ramos was dismissed at the stroke of half time), but were able to come away with a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17185721", "score": "0.96148264", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "2016–17 Real Madrid C.F. season", "text": "Deportivo de La Coruña, after Morata and Mariano scored the other goals. This game set a new record as it was the 35th game for Los Blancos without a loss. On 15 December 2016, Madrid defeated América 2–0 in the semi-final of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup with goals from Benzema and Ronaldo. On 18 December 2016, Madrid won the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup, defeating Kashima Antlers 4–2 after extra time with a hat-trick from Ronaldo and a goal from Benzema. On 4 January 2017, the new year started with a 3–0 victory over Sevilla, in the first", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19434788", "score": "0.9594774", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "Real Madrid C.F.", "text": "Champions League, with 120 (121 including qualifiers) goals in total, 105 while playing for Real Madrid. The team has the record number of consecutive participations in the European Cup (before it became the Champions League) with 15, from 1955–56 to 1969–70. Among the club's on-field records is a 22-game winning streak in all competitions during the 2014–15 season, a Spanish record and fourth worldwide. The same season the team tied the win-streak for games in the Champions League, with ten. In September 2017, the club equalled the record of the Brazilian club Santos, starring Pelé, by scoring in their 73rd", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "367463", "score": "0.9588115", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "2014–15 Real Madrid C.F. season", "text": "the league at which Ronaldo had not scored in. Real went on to win the match 8–2, with a hat-trick from Ronaldo and a brace each by Bale and Hernández, while James chipped in with a goal. This also marked the first time that Real had scored eight goals on the road in the league. With that, Real scored 13 goals in just two matches in a span of four days. Madrid continued their fine scoring form with a 5–1 win over Elche CF, with Ronaldo scoring four times. A goal each from Luka Modrić and Ronaldo helped Real beat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18032918", "score": "0.9574932", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "2016–17 Real Madrid C.F. season", "text": "5–2 victory over CA Osasuna with goals by Cristiano Ronaldo, Danilo, Ramos, Luka Modrić and Pepe. On 14 September 2016, late goals from Ronaldo and Morata got Madrid of to a winning start in the Champions League season against Sporting CP. On 18 September 2016, Real Madrid won 2–0 at RCD Espanyol by goals from James Rodríguez and Karim Benzema. With that win, Real won their 16th straight La Liga game, equaling the record. On 21 September 2016, Madrid drew Villareal CF 1–1 at home with a goal from Ramos. On 24 September 2016, Madrid came home with their second", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19434783", "score": "0.9570613", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "FC Bayern Munich in international football competitions", "text": "six titles in a row was claimed), but defeated by Spanish opposition in the later stages of the Champions League (falling to winners Barcelona in 2015, to runners-up Atlético Madrid in 2016 – in the clubs' first meeting since the 1974 final – and to winners Real Madrid in both 2017 and 2018). Thomas Müller's Champions League goal tally stood at 42 by the end of 2017–18, a club record in that competition ahead of Lewandowski but some way behind namesake Gerd's overall total of 67 in all competitions. Bayern had another player to add to their list of World", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "21005246", "score": "0.95658743", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "José Mourinho", "text": "won 1–2 against Barcelona in \"El Clásico\" at Camp Nou, extending their lead in La Liga to seven points with four matches remaining. This was the first victory for Real Madrid in La Liga against their archrivals since 2008 and the first overall at Camp Nou since 2007. Also, in this match Real Madrid broke the record for most goals scored in the championship, with 109. Barça manager Pep Guardiola conceded the title to Real Madrid. Mourinho's side advanced to the semi-finals of the Champions League for the second consecutive year. The first leg away finished with a 2–1 win", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3300703", "score": "0.9532423", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "Real Madrid C.F.", "text": "ended 1–1 with penalty goals for both sides), the Copa del Rey final (which ended 1–0 to Madrid) and the controversial two-legged Champions League semifinal on 27 April and 2 May (3–1 loss on aggregate) to Barcelona. In the 2011–12 La Liga season, Real Madrid won La Liga for a record 32nd time in the league's history, also finishing the season with numerous club-level records set, including 100 points reached in a single season, a total of 121 goals scored, a goal difference of +89 and 16 away wins, with 32 wins overall. In the same season, Cristiano Ronaldo become", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "367436", "score": "0.9516392", "original_retrieval_index": 43 } ]

{ "title": "List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finals", "long_answer": "A total of 22 clubs have won the Champions League/European Cup. Real Madrid hold the record for the most victories, having won the competition 12 times, including the inaugural competition. They have also won the competition the most times in a row, winning it five times from 1956 to 1960. Juventus have been runners-up the most times, losing seven finals. Atlético Madrid is the only team to reach three finals without having won the trophy while Stade de Reims and Valencia have finished as runners-up twice without winning. Spain has provided the most champions, with 17 wins from two clubs. Italy have produced 12 winners from three clubs and England have produced 12 winners from five clubs. English teams were banned from the competition for five years following the Heysel disaster in 1985. The current champions are Real Madrid, who beat Juventus in the 2017 final.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "They have also won the competition the most times in a row, winning it five times from 1956 to 1960. Juventus have been runners-up the most times, losing seven finals. Atlético Madrid is the only team to reach three finals without having won the trophy while Stade de Reims and Valencia have finished as runners-up twice without winning. Spain has provided the most champions, with 17 wins from two clubs. Italy have produced 12 winners from three clubs and England have produced 12 winners from five clubs. English teams were banned from the competition for five years following the Heysel disaster in 1985. ", "short_answers": [ "five", "five times" ] }

[ "a bank", "bank" ]

[ { "title": "Cashier's check", "text": "A cashier's check or cheque is a cheque guaranteed by a bank, drawn on the bank's own funds and signed by a cashier. Cashier's checks are treated as guaranteed funds because the bank, rather than the purchaser, is responsible for paying the amount. They are commonly required for real estate and brokerage transactions.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Cashier", "text": "register that the customer wishes to purchase at the retail store. The items are scanned by a barcode positioned on the item with the use of a laser scanner. After all of the goods have been scanned, the cashier then collects the payment (in cash, check and/or by credit/debit card) for the goods or services exchanged, records the amount received, makes change, and issues receipts or tickets to customers. Cashiers will record amounts received and may prepare reports of transactions, reads and record totals shown on cash register tape and verify against cash on hand. A cashier may be required", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3398149", "score": "0.9098518", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Cashier balancing", "text": "($12.34) or -$12.34. Cashier balancing Cashier balancing is a process usually conducted in businesses such as grocery stores, restaurants and banks that takes place at the closing of the business day or at the end of a cashier's shift. This balancing process makes the cashier responsible for the money in his or her cash register. In order to balance (or settle) the cash drawer, first, the manager (or sometimes the cashier) prepares to count the money in the register. Counting the money is usually done in the back office: the drawer is removed from the register and taken into the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6902419", "score": "0.90898055", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Cashier's check", "text": "officer or other senior official. Some banks contract out the maintenance of their cashier's check accounts and check issuing. One leading contractor is Integrated Payment Systems, which issues cashier's checks and coordinates redemption of the items for many banks, in addition to issuing money orders and other payment instruments. In theory, checks issued by a financial institution but drawn on another institution, as is often the case with credit unions, are teller's checks. Due to an increase in fraudulent activities, starting in 2006 many banks insist upon waiting for a cashier's check to clear the originating institution before making funds", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4739496", "score": "0.89566946", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Cashier's House", "text": "Cashier's House The Cashier's House is a three-story stuccoed-brick, Greek Revival building located on State Street in Erie, Pennsylvania. It was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1934. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 13, 1972, and its boundary was increased on March 9, 1983. The Cashier's House was designed by Philadelphia-architect William Kelly and was built as part of a three-structure complex, in 1839. The Coach House and Old Custom House were also part of the complex. It was built primarily as the residence for the chief executive officer of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12875684", "score": "0.8942683", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Cashier balancing", "text": "safe or given to another cashier that is starting their shift. Now, the bills and change that were put off to the side get counted, along with the checks from the cashier's drawer. This is what makes up the cashier's sales deposit. Most cash registers can print up a sales slip and money tendering slip that tells how much money the cashier made in sales and how much money the cashier is accounted for. The manager refers to this slip when counting the cashier's sales money. If the money counted does not match what is on the balancing slip, the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6902416", "score": "0.8788645", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Cashier balancing", "text": "Cashier balancing Cashier balancing is a process usually conducted in businesses such as grocery stores, restaurants and banks that takes place at the closing of the business day or at the end of a cashier's shift. This balancing process makes the cashier responsible for the money in his or her cash register. In order to balance (or settle) the cash drawer, first, the manager (or sometimes the cashier) prepares to count the money in the register. Counting the money is usually done in the back office: the drawer is removed from the register and taken into the office. By preparing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6902414", "score": "0.86788696", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Cashiers, North Carolina", "text": "Cashiers, North Carolina Cashiers is a census-designated place and unincorporated village located in southern Jackson County, North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the community had a total population of 157. Cashiers is pronounced locally as if it were spelled \"cashers,\" and is one of several communities in the area popular with tourists and owners of vacation homes. The town is served by U.S. 64 to Highlands (west) and Rosman (east), and NC 107 to Sylva (north) and Walhalla (south, via SC 107). The village is centered on the crossroads of the two. In 2003, the North Carolina General Assembly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1174193", "score": "0.8508835", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Cashier", "text": "to know value and features of items for which money is received; may cash checks; may give cash refunds or issue credit memorandums to customers for returned merchandise; and may operate ticket-dispensing machines and the like. In one form or another, cashiers have been around for thousands of years. In many businesses, such as grocery stores, the cashier is a \"stepping stone\" position. Many employers require employees to be cashiers in order to move up to customer service or other positions. Cashiers are at risk of repetitive strain injuries due to the repeated movements often necessary to do the job,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3398150", "score": "0.8449302", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Cashier as a service", "text": "Cashier as a service Cashier as a service (CaaS) refers to using a third party service as payment. When a shopper buys merchandise online, oftentimes, the shopper does not pay the merchant directly, but rather through a third party – the cashier. The cashier is trusted by both the shopper and the merchant and is expected to allow for reliable and secure transfer of money. By paying a merchant through a cashier, shoppers are able to pay for merchandise without giving away their financial information to the merchants. When using CaaS, shopping online involves three parties – the shopper, merchant,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18473553", "score": "0.84440124", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Cashier's House", "text": "House. The house was sold to a marble dealer in 1882 and was sold, again, in 1904 to a blacksmith. The depth of the house was expanded to nearly triple the original size by the blacksmith to house heavy machinery. The Cashier's House is wide and deep. Both the exteriors of the Cashier's and Coach Houses are Greek Revival. The interior of the Cashier's House is a rare example of Egyptian Revival architecture in Pennsylvania. Cashier's House The Cashier's House is a three-story stuccoed-brick, Greek Revival building located on State Street in Erie, Pennsylvania. It was documented by the Historic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12875687", "score": "0.84014446", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Cashiers, North Carolina", "text": "the CDP was $22,845. None of the families and 4.2% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 15.2% of those over 64. Cashiers, North Carolina Cashiers is a census-designated place and unincorporated village located in southern Jackson County, North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the community had a total population of 157. Cashiers is pronounced locally as if it were spelled \"cashers,\" and is one of several communities in the area popular with tourists and owners of vacation homes. The town is served by U.S. 64 to Highlands (west) and Rosman (east),", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1174200", "score": "0.8399838", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Cashier as a service", "text": "but do not contain any personal information. Moreover, attackers can hide their real IP address by using IP spoofing or other technologies to make his IP address untraceable. Cashier as a service Cashier as a service (CaaS) refers to using a third party service as payment. When a shopper buys merchandise online, oftentimes, the shopper does not pay the merchant directly, but rather through a third party – the cashier. The cashier is trusted by both the shopper and the merchant and is expected to allow for reliable and secure transfer of money. By paying a merchant through a cashier,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18473565", "score": "0.83073175", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Check Into Cash", "text": "with over 1,200 locations. In 2012, the firm acquired Cash and Cheque Express, a consumer financial services chain in the United Kingdom. In 2013, the firm acquired Great American Pawn and Title and Quick loans, both based in Georgia, plus Great American Cash Advance and Nations Quick Cash Title Pawn, which operate in Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee. Check Into Cash has also acquired Title First Title Pawn, which is based in Georgia. Check Into Cash is a founding member of the Community Financial Services Association of America, which sets best practices standards for its members in the payday advance industry.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17857661", "score": "0.8194138", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Cashiers, North Carolina", "text": "in other similar places like Dillsboro. The zoning council for Cashiers is run by the county, therefore there are no extra local taxes supporting it. Five properties near Cashiers are listed on the National Register of Historic Places—Camp Merrie-Woode, the Church of the Good Shepherd, Fairfield Inn, the High Hampton Inn Historic District, and the Mordecai Zachary House. Cashiers is located at (35.111978, -83.099488). According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of , all of it land. The land values in the area are high, making it difficult for middle-income people to live there.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1174195", "score": "0.8143323", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Check Into Cash", "text": "Check Into Cash Check Into Cash is a financial services retailer with more than 1,100 stores in 30 states. The company was founded in 1993 by W. Allan Jones in Cleveland, Tennessee, where the headquarters are located today. The firm offers payday loans, online payday advances, title loans, bill payment services, check cashing, reloadable prepaid debit cards, and Western Union money transfers and money order services. Jones founded Check Into Cash in 1993. He has been referred to as \"the father of the payday lending industry\" for creating the first national payday lending chain. In 1973, at age 20, he", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17857659", "score": "0.8080162", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Cashier as a service", "text": "shopper S buying and item I from a merchant M, the following invariants must hold true. When a shopper buys merchandise from a merchant, the shopper calls public APIs (as indicated by the black diamonds) of the merchant and the CaaS with HTTP requests. The merchant and CaaS may also call each other's APIs to give information to each other. Below is a detailed description of the generic flow: RT1.a) The shopper checks out the items in his shopping cart. RT1.a.a) The merchant notifies the CaaS that a customer will be paying. RT1.a.b) The CaaS acknowledges the merchant. RT1.b) The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18473556", "score": "0.79172003", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Church of the Good Shepherd (Cashiers, North Carolina)", "text": "Rob Wood. Church of the Good Shepherd (Cashiers, North Carolina) The Church of the Good Shepherd is a historic Episcopal church located at 1448 Highway 107 South in Cashiers, Jackson County, North Carolina. It was built about 1895, and is a Gothic Revival style rectangular frame church. It is sheathed in weatherboard and has a steeply pitched roof. It features three lancet windows and a bell tower with a pyramidal roof. On February 20, 1986, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The Church of the Good Shepherd is still a functioning parish. The current rector is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11182111", "score": "0.7916362", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Cashier", "text": "such as entering information on a keypad or moving product over a scanner. Included also is the physical strain of standing on one's feet for several hours in one spot. Because of this, many cashiers are only able to do a six-hour-long shift under different policies. A less-current meaning of the term referred to the employee of a business responsible for receiving and disbursing money. In a non-retail business, this would be a position of significant responsibility. With an ever-larger proportion of transactions being done using cash substitutes (such as checks, credit cards, and debit cards), the amount of cash", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3398151", "score": "0.7787958", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Parking lot", "text": "credit card at the exit terminal upon leaving the lot, the applicable parking fee is automatically calculated and charged to the credit card used. In some parking lots, drivers present their tickets to and pay the cashiers at a separate cashier's office or counter (which are often located elsewhere from the entrances and exits of carparks). Such cashier's offices are called shroff offices or simply shroff in some parking lots in Hong Kong and other parts of East Asia influenced by the Hong Kong usage. If a ticket has not been paid, the barrier will not raise. In recent years,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2762490", "score": "0.7777658", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Cashiers, North Carolina", "text": "The Chattooga River also rises near Cashiers. Cashiers receives an average of 87.57 inches of precipitation annually, over 7.25 inches a month, making it one of the rainiest places in the eastern United States. It is also one of the coolest places in the mountains, with an average daily July temperature of 78 degrees. As of the census of 2000, there were 196 people, 96 households, and 48 families residing in the community. The population density was 182.0 people per square mile (70.1/km²). There were 182 housing units at an average density of 169.0 per square mile (65.1/km²). The racial", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1174197", "score": "0.7751765", "original_retrieval_index": 31 }, { "title": "Transaction account", "text": "wealth. These cashiers held the money for a fee. Competition drove cashiers to offer additional services, including paying out money to any person bearing a written order from a depositor to do so. They kept the note as proof of payment. This concept spread to other countries including England and its colonies in North America, where land owners in Boston in 1681 mortgaged their land to cashiers who provided an account against which they could write checks. In the 18th century in England, preprinted checks, serial numbers, and the word \"cheque\" appeared. By the late 18th century, the difficulty of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2602501", "score": "0.7701143", "original_retrieval_index": 34 }, { "title": "Cash register", "text": "the self-checkout, or by means of a \"store login\" which the operator has to enter. Cash register A cash register, also referred to as a till in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries, is a mechanical or electronic device for registering and calculating transactions at a point of sale. It is usually attached to a drawer for storing cash and other valuables. The cash register is also usually attached to a printer, that can print out receipts for record keeping purposes. An early mechanical cash register was invented by James Ritty and John Birch following the American Civil War.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "93608", "score": "0.768227", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "Legal cashier", "text": "Legal cashier A Legal Cashier is a specialized type of bookkeeper for law firms responsible for the accounting and finance functions of a solicitor's practice such as recording day-to-day financial transactions and ensuring compliance with the Solicitors' Accounts Rules. The term \"Legal Cashier\" is in common use within the legal profession in England and Wales, Depending on the category of legal work being carried out, solicitors regularly handle client monies, and due to the risk of fraud or money laundering, they must adhere to a strict Solicitors' Code of Conduct and comply with the Solicitors' Accounts Rules. Although there is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14791640", "score": "0.7645916", "original_retrieval_index": 36 }, { "title": "Cashiers, North Carolina", "text": "community, the population was spread out with 14.3% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 36.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females, age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males. The median income for a household in the community was $37,500, and the median income for a family was $51,458. Males had a median income of $26,339 versus $23,750 for females. The per capita income for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1174199", "score": "0.7630688", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Cash register", "text": "include unique barcodes or other information identifying the transaction so that the receipt can be scanned to facilitate returns or other customer services. In stores that use electronic article surveillance, a pad or other surface will be attached to the register that deactivates security devices embedded in or attached to the items being purchased. This will prevent a customer's purchase from setting off security alarms at the store's exit. Some corporations and supermarkets have introduced self-checkout machines, where the customer is trusted to scan the barcodes (or manually identify uncoded items like fruit), and place the items into a bagging", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "93606", "score": "0.76062804", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "Monnettes' Market", "text": "the original Monnettes' Market was sold to a flooring company. Monnettes' has managed to avoid many of the modern methods of operating a grocery store. They do not use a scanning system like many supermarkets, instead all cashiers memorize every price of every product in the store. Cashiers are required to take a walk-through before their shift to look at prices, because they can change multiple times each day. The employees verbalize the prices as they punch them into an adding machine since there is no visual display of what is being charged. Each store typically employs two managers, one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10256979", "score": "0.7597996", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Cashier balancing", "text": "is usually for $100.00 over/short or more. Shortages usually result from bills sticking together or from the cashier giving back too much change, or maybe even \"pocketing\" some money from the register. Overages occur from taking too much money from customers or not entering items in the point of sale terminal properly. Cash overages/shortages are usually expressed in several ways. This example shows how it is expressed in writing and how a register printout would show them. Overage $12.34: is written as +12.34; is printed out as: $12.34 or +$12.34. Shortage $12.34 is written as: -12.34; is printed out as:", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6902418", "score": "0.75963104", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "Pothys", "text": "packed, it is done differently in Pothys. You pick what you wish to buy and the salesmen take them for you to the counter and get a printed bill, while you do your other shopping and get them billed the same way, your products get packed. You put all bills together and pay at the cash counter and take it to the delivery section where your payment is verified and your purchases are delivered to you. This method has been highly acclaimed by many organizations and institutions as a very efficient way of processing checkouts, at a store that is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14839017", "score": "0.75959426", "original_retrieval_index": 41 }, { "title": "WIC", "text": "date, a list of allowable items to be purchased with the check/voucher, including the quantity and/or maximum weight of the allowed items listed. The WIC recipient can choose if they want only some or all of the items listed on the check. The check also has an area for the cashier to enter the sale total, and an area for the recipient to sign the check/voucher at the time of use. The checks make use of MICR for enhanced security and ease of processing. Alternately, many states (notably Texas and Nevada) have moved away from a paper system of checks", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6318146", "score": "0.7584289", "original_retrieval_index": 42 } ]

{ "title": "Cashier's check", "long_answer": "A cashier's check or cheque is a cheque guaranteed by a bank, drawn on the bank's own funds and signed by a cashier. Cashier's checks are treated as guaranteed funds because the bank, rather than the purchaser, is responsible for paying the amount. They are commonly required for real estate and brokerage transactions.", "chunked_long_answer": "A cashier's check or cheque is a cheque guaranteed by a bank, drawn on the bank's own funds and signed by a cashier. Cashier's checks are treated as guaranteed funds because the bank, rather than the purchaser, is responsible for paying the amount. They are commonly required for real estate and brokerage transactions.", "short_answers": [ "a bank", "bank" ] }

[ "Eric Clapton", "George Harrison" ]

[ { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 double album The Beatles (also known as \"the White Album\"). It was written by George Harrison, the band's lead guitarist. The song serves as a comment on the disharmony within the Beatles following their return from studying Transcendental Meditation in India in early 1968. This lack of camaraderie was reflected in the band's initial apathy towards the composition, which Harrison countered by inviting his friend and occasional collaborator, Eric Clapton, to contribute to the recording. Clapton overdubbed a lead guitar part, although he was not formally credited for his contribution.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "of the song on his 2003 album \"Now\". In 2004, when Harrison was inducted posthumously into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist, \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" was played in tribute by a large band that included Tom Petty, Lynne, Steve Winwood, Mann, Dhani Harrison and Steve Ferrone. The performance concluded with an extended guitar solo by Prince, who was also being inducted into the Hall of Fame. Among other cover versions, the song has also been recorded by guitarists such as Marc Ribot, Phish and Charlie Byrd, and on ukulele by Jake Shimabukuro. Toto", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634396", "score": "1.2241622", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "contained \"perhaps the most expressive\" playing of all those versions. American musician Todd Rundgren covered \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" for the 2003 album \"\". Rundgren said of his contribution to the multi-artist tribute: \"[Before the Beatles], I'd never heard the term 'lead guitarist.' George created the job description for my first paying gig, the vocation that I'm still lucky enough to practice today …\" Johnny Loftus of AllMusic views the recording as one of the collection's highlights, saying that Rundgren \"effortlessly replicates the grandeur\" of the Beatles' track. As his personal tribute to Harrison, Peter Frampton released a version", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634395", "score": "1.1923366", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "did a cover version for their album Through the Looking Glass and in a live performance in Live in Amsterdam. Santana did a cover for his twentieth album \"\", in 2010, featuring singer India Arie and cellist Yo-Yo Ma. Released as a single, it charted on \"Billboard\"s Adult Contemporary. In 2016, Regina Spektor performed the song for the soundtrack to the film \"Kubo and the Two Strings\", accompanied by Kevin Kmetz on a shamisen. In June 2016, Apple Corps and Cirque du Soleil released a music video for \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\". The video was created for the tenth", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634397", "score": "1.1871058", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "track\". Starr paired it with \"Something\" as \"Two of the finest love songs ever written\", adding: \"they're really on a par with what John and Paul or anyone else of that time wrote.\" In their written tributes to Harrison following his death in November 2001, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards each expressed their admiration for the song. Jagger said: \"It's lovely, plaintive. Only a guitar player could write that ...\" In 2018, the music staff of \"Time Out London\" ranked \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" at number 20 on their list of the best Beatles songs. Harrison played \"While My", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634389", "score": "1.1800914", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "a lead guitar part, although he was not formally credited for his contribution. Harrison wrote \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" as an exercise in randomness inspired by the Chinese \"I Ching\". The song conveys his dismay at the world's unrealised potential for universal love, which he refers to as \"the love there that's sleeping\". Harrison first recorded it with a sparse backing of acoustic guitar and harmonium – a version that appeared on the 1996 \"Anthology 3\" outtakes compilation and, with the addition of a string arrangement by George Martin, on the \"Love\" soundtrack album in 2006. The full group", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634362", "score": "1.1554241", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "This version also includes the line \"The problems you sow are the troubles you're reaping\", which he similarly discarded. An early acoustic guitar and harmonium performance of the song features a slightly different third verse: \"I look from the wings at the play you are staging / While my guitar gently weeps / As I'm sitting here, doing nothing but ageing …\" This version was released on the 1996 compilation \"Anthology 3\" and was used as the basis of the 2006 \"Love\" remix, with a string arrangement by George Martin. \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" was one of the few", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634369", "score": "1.154754", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "Guitar Gently Weeps\" at every one of his comparatively rare concerts as a solo artist. Writing for \"Mojo\" in 2003, Ashley Kahn attributed the track's \"classic\" status to its evocation of \"a band falling out of harmony\" and, with regard to the enduring musical bond between Harrison and Clapton, its standing as \"\"their\" song\". At Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh, held at Madison Square Garden in New York on 1 August 1971, Clapton performed the song on a Gibson Byrdland, a hollow-body guitar more suited to jazz or country music than rock. He later said that this was a poor decision", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634390", "score": "1.1446464", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "1968, such as the assassinations of Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy in the United States, and the Soviet Russian oppression of Czechoslovakia. Allison writes that the lyrics represent the \"antithesis of spiritual triumphalism\", in which Harrison \"mourns because love has not conquered all\". The Beatles recorded \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" several times during the sessions for their self-titled double album, also known as \"the White Album\". The recording sessions, which began in late May 1968, were characterised by a lack of cooperation among the four band members, and by what Lennon's bandmates regarded as the overly intrusive presence", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634375", "score": "1.1422186", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "Leng comments that on Harrison's return to Madison Square Garden towards the end of the tour, his playing on the song nevertheless received a standing ovation. Canadian guitarist Jeff Healey covered \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" on his 1990 album \"Hell to Pay\". Harrison participated in the recording, contributing on acoustic guitar and backing vocals. Also issued as a single, Healey's version peaked at number 27 in Canada, number 85 in the UK and number 25 in New Zealand. During the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II concert at Buckingham Palace Garden on 3 June 2002, McCartney performed the song with", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634393", "score": "1.136747", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "song. On 6 September, during a ride from Surrey into London, Harrison asked Clapton to play guitar on the track. Clapton, who recognised Harrison's talent as a songwriter, and considered that his abilities had long been held back by Lennon and McCartney, was nevertheless reluctant to participate; he later recalled that his initial response was: \"I can't do that. Nobody ever plays on Beatles records.\" Harrison convinced him, and Clapton's lead guitar part, played on Harrison's Gibson Les Paul electric guitar \"Lucy\" (a recent gift from Clapton), was overdubbed that evening. Recalling the session in his 2007 autobiography, Clapton says", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634378", "score": "1.1302806", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "included on Harrison's 1992 double album \"Live in Japan\". Harrison also featured the song in the set list for his only other tour as a solo artist, a series of North American concerts over November–December 1974 with Ravi Shankar. Harrison shared the lead guitarist's role with Robben Ford, often extending the piece to eight minutes. While it was a popular inclusion in a set list that barely acknowledged Harrison's past as a former Beatle, his alteration of some of the lyrics – so that his guitar \"gently smiles\" and \"tries to smile\" – disappointed many concert-goers and reviewers. Author Simon", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634392", "score": "1.1156482", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "anniversary re-staging of Cirque du Soleil's \"Love\" theatrical production. The video was directed by Dandypunk, André Kasten and Leah Moyer. Ryan Reed, describing the clip for rollingstone.com, wrote that \"Dandypunk's hand-drawn illustrations depict Harrison's lyrics falling off the page into the air, transporting LOVE performer Eira Glover into a series of fantastical locations. Projection mapping – and no CGI – was used to create the clip.\" According to Ian MacDonald, Walter Everett and John Winn: White Album version \"Anthology 3\" version While My Guitar Gently Weeps \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" is a song by the English rock band the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634398", "score": "1.1130277", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Gently Weeps", "text": "synopsis: Gently Weeps Gently Weeps is the fifth U.S. solo album by ukulele artist Jake Shimabukuro, released in September 2006 on the Hitchhike Records label. In Japan the album was released on June 19, 2006 by Sony Music Distribution, with 17 tracks, many of which differed from the U.S. release, and additional bonus tracks on a CD-ROM. \"Gently Weeps\" peaked at #2 on \"Billboard\"'s Top World Music Albums in 2006. The album won the 2007 Na Hoku Hanohano Award for Instrumental Album of the Year. AllMusic's review of \"Gently Weeps\" noted that: John Diliberto's review of the album included the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8940611", "score": "1.1001765", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "Clapton transition from the heavy blues style and its reliance on extended soloing, and onto the more song-based approach that he and Harrison admired in the Band's 1968 album \"Music from Big Pink\". Apple Records released \"The Beatles\" on 22 November 1968. One of four Harrison compositions on the double album, \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" was sequenced as the penultimate track on side one in the LP format, between Lennon's \"The Continuing Story of Bungalow Bill\" and \"Happiness Is a Warm Gun\". The song was issued as the B-side of \"Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da\", a McCartney-written song that had also tested", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634382", "score": "1.0996451", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "of \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\", seventh on the \"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time\", and at number 10 on its list of \"The Beatles 100 Greatest Songs\". Clapton's performance was ranked 42nd in \"Guitar World\"s 2008 list of the \"100 Greatest Guitar Solos\". In 2011 it was voted the sixth best collaboration of all time in a \"Rolling Stone\" readers poll. Harrison and Clapton often performed the song together live, during which they shared the lead guitar role over the closing section. Live versions featuring the pair were included on the \"Concert for Bangladesh\" album in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634364", "score": "1.098883", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "Clapton, as a tribute to Harrison. The performance appears on the DVD release \"Party at the Palace\". On 29 November the same year, Clapton, backed by a large band that included McCartney, Starr, Dhani Harrison, Jeff Lynne and Marc Mann, performed \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" at the Concert for George in memory of Harrison. Author Ian Inglis writes that while Clapton was already \"permanently associated\" with \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" due to his presence on the White Album recording and the Concert for Bangladesh and \"Live in Japan\" versions, his long, closing solo at the Concert for George", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634394", "score": "1.0947788", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "recording was made in September 1968, at which point the song's folk-based musical arrangement was replaced by a production in the heavy rock style. The recording was one of several collaborations between Harrison and Clapton during the late 1960s and was followed by the pair co-writing the song \"Badge\" for Clapton's group Cream. On release, the song received praise from several music critics, and it has since been recognised as an example of Harrison's continued maturity as a songwriter beside his Beatles bandmates John Lennon and Paul McCartney. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" 136th on its list", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634363", "score": "1.0924007", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "throughout 1968 as a distraction from the Beatles, said that \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" conveyed Harrison's spiritual isolation within the group. Author Jonathan Gould writes that, although in the past each of the Beatles had become temporarily subsumed in fads and personal interests, the level of Harrison's commitment to Indian spirituality as an alternative to the band was unprecedented. A demo that Harrison recorded at his home in Esher includes an unused verse: \"I look at the trouble and hate that is raging / While my guitar gently weeps / As I'm sitting here, doing nothing but ageing …\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634368", "score": "1.0842334", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Gently Weeps", "text": "Gently Weeps Gently Weeps is the fifth U.S. solo album by ukulele artist Jake Shimabukuro, released in September 2006 on the Hitchhike Records label. In Japan the album was released on June 19, 2006 by Sony Music Distribution, with 17 tracks, many of which differed from the U.S. release, and additional bonus tracks on a CD-ROM. \"Gently Weeps\" peaked at #2 on \"Billboard\"'s Top World Music Albums in 2006. The album won the 2007 Na Hoku Hanohano Award for Instrumental Album of the Year. AllMusic's review of \"Gently Weeps\" noted that: John Diliberto's review of the album included the following", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8940610", "score": "1.083839", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying)", "text": "the press and critics tried to nail me on the 1974–5 tour, [and] got really nasty\". The song title is a play on that of his 1968 composition \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\", released on the Beatles' White Album and performed by Harrison throughout the 1974 tour. While reviewers of the 1974 concerts had focused on his altering of the lyric to \"While my guitar gently smiles\" and \"... tries to smile\", Harrison told BBC Radio 1's Paul Gambaccini in September 1975 that it was a track that was consistently well received by audiences during the tour. Harrison described the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8155358", "score": "1.0803378", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "second and fourth phrases. In his lyrics to \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\", Harrison revisits the theme of universal love and the philosophical concerns that were evident in his overtly Indian-influenced compositions, particularly \"Within You Without You\". The song is a lament for how a universal love for humankind is latent in all individuals yet remains unrealised. In the description of theologian Dale Allison, the song \"conveys spiritual angst and an urgent religious point of view without being explicitly theological\". Harrison sings of surveying \"you all\" and seeing \"the love there that's sleeping\". Musicologist Walter Everett comments that the change", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634373", "score": "1.0395749", "original_retrieval_index": 32 }, { "title": "This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying)", "text": "would do a year later with \"Thirty-Three and a Third\".\" Rodriguez writes that \"Critics by nature tended to regard the Beatles' catalog as sacrosanct\" and therefore \"dissed [Harrison] for producing a sequel to 'While My Guitar Gently Weeps'\". In another unfavourable review from \"Rolling Stone\", Dave Marsh dismissed much of the album's first side as \"padded subterfuge\" while opining that \"there just isn't compensation here for the failed promise of 'This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying)'\". \"NME\" writers Roy Carr and Tony Tyler said that, in comparison with the Beatles track, Harrison's \"often-impressively lachrymose guitar falls short of true grief-stricken", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8155373", "score": "1.0101144", "original_retrieval_index": 33 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "as a songwriter. Inspiration for the song came to him when he was visiting his parents in Warrington, Cheshire, and he began reading the \"I Ching\", or \"The Book of Changes\". As Harrison put it, \"[the book] seemed to me to be based on the Eastern concept that everything is relative to \"everything\" else, as opposed to the Western view that things are merely coincidental.\" Embracing this idea of relativism, he committed to writing a song based on the first words he saw upon opening a book, which happened to be \"gently weeps\". Harrison continued to work on the lyrics", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634366", "score": "1.0077007", "original_retrieval_index": 35 }, { "title": "From the Soul of Man", "text": "\"Extension of a Man\" album. Lattimore also reimagines The Beatles' \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" as a soulful ballad that closes with a hypnotically layered arrangement of background vocals. \"Who knew that 'While My Guitar Gently Weeps' could be so sexy?\" remarks Michael Gallucci. Adding synergy to the album was the bonus inclusion of the gently soaring ballad \"Love Will Find a Way\", a duet with Heather Headley from the Disney movie \"\". The album peaked at #71 on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart. On \"Billboard\"'s Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, it reached #15. The lead single \"Days Like This\" peaked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11504464", "score": "0.9996227", "original_retrieval_index": 37 }, { "title": "Gary Clark Jr.", "text": "The Beatles song \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\", along with Dave Grohl and Joe Walsh for . On February 16, 2014, Clark performed in the NBA All-Star Game Halftime Show with Trombone Shorty, Earth Wind and Fire, Doctor John, and Janelle Monáe and on May 29, 2014, Gary Clark Jr performed solo at Rock in Rio in Lisbon. Clark performed guitar, as a guest, on an episode of the PBS cable television show \"Austin City Limits\", with the Foo Fighters, that aired on February 7, 2015. He and the Foo Fighters were accompanied, on stage, by another guest guitarist, Jimmie", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "14591240", "score": "0.99871165", "original_retrieval_index": 38 }, { "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "text": "Beatles compositions from early 1968 that changed markedly from demo form to the official recording. Harrison's demos suggest the influence of folk music, yet the Beatles' version is in the heavy rock style typical of much of the band's late 1960s work. While noting the importance of Harrison's return to the guitar during this period, Gould describes the song as \"virtually a declaration of his recommitment to rock\". The song as originally issued by the Beatles is in the key of A minor, changing to A major over the bridges. Aside from the intro, the composition is structured into two", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3634370", "score": "0.99311835", "original_retrieval_index": 39 }, { "title": "Lucy (guitar)", "text": "comedian Lucille Ball. Harrison and the Beatles were at the time recording their self-titled double album (also known as \"the White Album\"), and had been working for several weeks on \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\". Harrison had been unable to record a lead guitar part that he was satisfied with; moreover, Lennon and McCartney were dismissive of the song and \"didn't try very hard\". Knowing that his bandmates would be on good behaviour around a guest musician, Harrison invited Clapton to come into EMI Studios on September 6 and play on the song, telling him \"you don't need to bring", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15278663", "score": "0.99112034", "original_retrieval_index": 40 }, { "title": "This Guitar (Can't Keep from Crying)", "text": "\"harrowing song\", with a \"passionate and powerful\" Harrison vocal, and draws parallels between it and Neil Young's similarly anti-journalistic \"Ambulance Blues\". Elliot Huntley says that, while Harrison's decision to write a follow-up to \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" was misguided, the sequel is \"a good song in its own right, with excellent lead guitar work from the master\". Ian Inglis writes of the \"gulf\" separating Harrison's 1968 composition from the 1975 song: \"While the first was a poignant and satisfying commentary that drew attention to his newfound maturity as a songwriter, this is a petulant and rather arrogant statement in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "8155378", "score": "0.9813756", "original_retrieval_index": 42 }, { "title": "Savoy Truffle", "text": "White Album track \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" on 6 September, marking a rare appearance by another rock musician on a Beatles recording as Harrison sought to defuse tensions within the band. In an interview with the \"NME\" in late September, Harrison said he was keen to depart from his image as \"Mystical Beatle George\" and now wanted to contribute songs without any profound message.<ref name=\"Smith/NME\"></ref> He wrote \"Savoy Truffle\" as a tribute to Clapton's sweet tooth. He derived the title and much of the lyrics from a box of Mackintosh's Good News chocolates, which Clapton began eating during one", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5324799", "score": "0.9796958", "original_retrieval_index": 43 } ]

{ "title": "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "long_answer": "\"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 double album The Beatles (also known as \"the White Album\"). It was written by George Harrison, the band's lead guitarist. The song serves as a comment on the disharmony within the Beatles following their return from studying Transcendental Meditation in India in early 1968. This lack of camaraderie was reflected in the band's initial apathy towards the composition, which Harrison countered by inviting his friend and occasional collaborator, Eric Clapton, to contribute to the recording. Clapton overdubbed a lead guitar part, although he was not formally credited for his contribution.", "chunked_long_answer": "by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 double album The Beatles (also known as \"the White Album\"). It was written by George Harrison, the band's lead guitarist. The song serves as a comment on the disharmony within the Beatles following their return from studying Transcendental Meditation in India in early 1968. This lack of camaraderie was reflected in the band's initial apathy towards the composition, which Harrison countered by inviting his friend and occasional collaborator, Eric Clapton, to contribute to the recording. Clapton overdubbed a lead guitar part, although he was not formally credited for his contribution.", "short_answers": [ "Eric Clapton", "George Harrison" ] }

[ "Washington", "the U.S. state of Washington" ]

[ { "title": "Rick and Morty", "text": "The show revolves around the adventures of the members of the Smith household, which consists of parents Jerry and Beth, their kids Summer and Morty, and Beth's father, Rick Sanchez, who lives with them as a guest. According to Justin Roiland, the family lives outside of Seattle in the U.S. state of Washington. The adventures of Rick and Morty, however, take place across an infinite number of realities, with the characters travelling to other planets and dimensions through portals and Rick's flying car.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Rick and Morty", "text": "Rick and Morty Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science fiction sitcom created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim. The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his good-hearted but fretful grandson Morty Smith, who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures. The series premiered on December 2, 2013, and the third season concluded on October 1, 2017. In May 2018, the series was picked up for an additional 70 episodes over an unspecified number of seasons. Roiland voices the eponymous characters, with Chris", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17689782", "score": "1.1061263", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty (season 2)", "text": "Rick and Morty (season 2) The second season of the animated television series \"Rick and Morty\" originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim in the United States on July 26, 2015 with \"A Rickle in Time\", and concluded on October 4 with \"The Wedding Squanchers\". This season aired a total of ten episodes. The actors and actresses listed below lend their voices to the corresponding animated characters. Other cast members of the season, who each have voiced one or more characters, include: Jay Johnson, Tom Kenny, Jill Talley, Paul F. Tompkins, Scott Chernoff, Ryan Elder, Will", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18270799", "score": "1.0918894", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty (season 1)", "text": "Rick and Morty (season 1) The first season of the American animated television series, \"Rick and Morty\" originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It premiered on December 2, 2013 with \"Pilot\" and ended on April 14, 2014 with \"Ricksy Business\", with a total of eleven episodes. The first season received critical acclaim. The actors and actresses listed below lend their voices to the corresponding animated characters. Other cast members of the season, who each have voiced one or more characters, include: Eric Bauza, Dan Harmon, Phil Hendrie, Brandon Johnson, Ryan Ridley,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18270796", "score": "1.0704552", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty", "text": "vary from one reality to another. The show's original Rick identifies himself as \"Rick Sanchez of Earth Dimension C-137\", in reference to his original universe, but this does not necessarily apply to every other member of the Smith household. For instance, in the first-season episode \"Rick Potion #9\", after turning the entire world population into monsters, Rick and Morty move to a different dimension, leaving Summer, Beth and Jerry behind. Following the conclusion of the third season, co-creators Harmon and Roiland wanted to have assurance that there would be many more seasons of \"Rick and Morty\" in the future, so", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17689786", "score": "1.0699811", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)", "text": "off, as the show continues to follow the adventures of the members of the Smith household. When Jerry asks Beth to choose between him and Rick, the strength of their marriage is tested. Jerry is confronted with the loss of his family, while Beth begins to discover her independence again. Morty and Summer deal with their parents' separation by seeking more control over their lives. Rick's nihilistic way of life continues to prevent him from bonding with his family, as he remains unable to change his self-destructive behavior. The third season of \"Rick and Morty\" delivered the highest ratings in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19256297", "score": "1.0391978", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty", "text": "third season, Adult Swim made a livestream marathon of \"Rick and Morty\" available to watch on its official website in select regions, hoping to dissuade viewers from watching other illegal livestreams. \"Rick and Morty\" has received universal critical acclaim, holding a 97% approval rating by critics on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes. David Weigand of \"San Francisco Chronicle\" described it as \"offbeat and occasionally coarse... the take-away here is that it works\". He praised the animation direction by James McDermott for being \"fresh, colorful and as wacky as the script\", and states that the series possesses \"shades of \"Futurama\", \"South", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17689808", "score": "1.0368121", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)", "text": "work weekends in order to cope with the demanding workload. In September 2016, the writing team had finished writing new episodes and they were waiting on their return from Bardel Entertainment, \"Rick and Morty\"s Canadian animation studio, for in-house screenings. After the animatics (video recorded versions of a hand-drawn storyboard with very limited motion) for each episode were made, and the production team was able to pre-visualize the animation, additional passes on the scripts would follow. In an interview with \"The Detroit Cast\", writer Ryan Ridley revealed that the writing process for the third season was completed in November 2016,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19256304", "score": "1.0342574", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Pilot (Rick and Morty)", "text": "is discovered that Morty has missed a semester of school in the time he's spent on adventures with Rick. Rick takes Morty to another dimension, known as Dimension 35-C, which has the perfect conditions for growing \"Mega Trees\", which Rick requires for his research. In order to get past intergalactic customs, Morty hides the Mega Tree seeds in his rectum, but when their cover is blown, Rick and Morty escape while engaging in a shootout with bureaucratic alien insects. Ultimately, the seeds are used to briefly make Morty highly intelligent, causing his parents to believe he is fine with his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19273485", "score": "1.0338385", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality", "text": "Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality is a virtual reality game compatible with HTC Vive, Playstation VR and Oculus Rift developed by Owlchemy Labs and published by Adult Swim Games for Microsoft Windows on April 20, 2017. It is based on the American animated series \"Rick and Morty\", whose series co-creator Justin Roiland aided in the development. A port for the PlayStation 4 has been released on April 10, 2018. Using HTC Vive, Playstation VR or Oculus Rift, the player controls V.R. Morty, the clone of Morty Smith, the grandson of mad scientist Rick Sanchez. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19625151", "score": "1.0314806", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty (season 2)", "text": "Dan Guterman and Alex Rubens served as writers. All episodes in the first season originally aired in the United States on Adult Swim. All episodes are rated TV-14, with the exception of \"Interdimensional Cable 2: Tempting Fate\", which was rated TV-MA. The second season was released on DVD (Region 1) and Blu-ray on June 7, 2016. Rick and Morty (season 2) The second season of the animated television series \"Rick and Morty\" originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim in the United States on July 26, 2015 with \"A Rickle in Time\", and concluded on October", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18270801", "score": "1.0311441", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty)", "text": "reaction that compels animals to breed\". When Rick and Morty irreversibly mutate all humans on Earth except for their family members, they abandon their original dimension, Dimension C-137 (and their family in that dimension), for a new one. Rick locates a universe in which the alternate version of himself has undone the damage inflicted by the love potion, but where the new dimension's Rick and Morty have been killed, allowing the C-137 Rick and Morty to take their place. Despite Morty's trauma concerning this knowledge, Rick is nonchalant about moving to the new dimension. In the episode \"Close Rick-counters of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19761542", "score": "1.0271795", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Pilot (Rick and Morty)", "text": "Pilot (Rick and Morty) \"Pilot\" is the first episode of the American animated television sitcom \"Rick and Morty\". Written by series creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland, and directed by Roiland, the episode premiered on Adult Swim on December 2, 2013. The series introduces protagonists, alcoholic scientist Rick Sanchez and his innocent teenage grandson Morty Smith, as they embark on a dangerous interdimensional adventure to fetch Mega tree seeds. The pilot had a mixed to positive reception and was seen by about 1.1 million viewers when airing. Rick establishes himself as a bad influence on his grandson Morty when it", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19273484", "score": "1.0234168", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)", "text": "Rick and Morty (season 3) The third season of \"Rick and Morty\", an American animated television series created by Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland, originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It premiered with \"The Rickshank Rickdemption\", which aired unannounced on April 1, 2017, as part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' prank. As a result of production delays, the remaining episodes began airing weekly nearly four months later, on July 30, 2017. The season comprised ten episodes, and its initial airing concluded on October 1, 2017. The premiere picks up where the second-season finale left", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19256296", "score": "1.0222352", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)", "text": "than expected to complete because of his perfectionism. As a result, the third season of \"Rick and Morty\" consisted of only ten episodes instead of fourteen, as was initially intended. The third season of \"Rick and Morty\" originally aired Sundays at 11:30 p.m EST. on Adult Swim, the adult-oriented nighttime programming block of Cartoon Network. The network offered free livestreams for the first two episodes of the season, with the remaining episodes requiring a cable subscription to watch the show live as it aired. Following the conclusion of the show's third season, Adult Swim made a livestream marathon of \"Rick", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19256306", "score": "1.0210968", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "A Rickle in Time", "text": "A Rickle in Time \"A Rickle in Time\" is the first episode in the second season of the American animated television sitcom \"Rick and Morty\", and the twelfth overall episode of the series. Written by Matt Roller and directed by Wes Archer, the episode first aired on Adult Swim in the United States on July 26, 2015. The title of the episode could be a reference to the novel, \"A Wrinkle in Time\". In the episode, Rick, Morty, and his sister Summer—having restarted time after freezing it in the season one finale \"Ricksy Business\"—are in a quantum-uncertain state of existence.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19283980", "score": "1.0195816", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty (season 1)", "text": "McMahan was also given writing credit. All episodes in the first season originally aired in the United States on Adult Swim, and are rated TV-14. However, the uncensored version of the episodes released on DVD and Blu-ray are rated TV-MA. The first season was released on DVD (Region 1) and Blu-ray on October 7, 2014. Before its release, Roiland had confirmed that it would contain uncensored audio tracks. Rick and Morty (season 1) The first season of the American animated television series, \"Rick and Morty\" originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18270798", "score": "1.0134345", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Morty Smith", "text": "1 of the \"Rick and Morty\" comic series follows the Rick and Morty of Dimension C-132 while most issues of subsequent instalments follow the Rick and Morty of \"C-137\"; the video game \"Pocket Mortys\" follows the Rick and Morty of C-123. Morty is 14 years old and is a student at Harry Herpson High School along with his older sister Summer. Morty seems to be suffering from anxiety and is easily stressed, largely as a result of traumatic experiences during his adventures with Rick. He is often dismissed as idiotic by Rick and others, but is shown to be wiser", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17808208", "score": "1.0112664", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty)", "text": "Beth Smith, and the grandfather of Morty and Summer Smith. He is said to have been away from the family for several years prior to the events of the show. He frequently travels on adventures through space and other planets and dimensions with his grandson Morty. In the third season of the show, it is revealed that he is 70 years old. Rick is portrayed as a mad scientist; utilizing his mathematical and scientific prowess in conjunction with apathy and egotistical cynicism, he emerges safely from any situation, regardless of the consequences of his self-preservation. Rick also, in some episodes,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19761539", "score": "1.0082315", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)", "text": "and Morty\" available to watch on its official website in select regions, hoping to dissuade viewers from watching other illegal livestreams. The episodes were made available to watch on Netflix in a number of countries outside the United States, one week after their original airdate. The season was added to Hulu on June 23, 2018, with the expansion following a similar timeline with that of the two previous seasons for the streaming service. Uncensored versions of the season are also available to purchase on various digital distribution platforms, including iTunes, Amazon and Microsoft Store. The digital release includes commentaries on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19256307", "score": "1.0041635", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty", "text": "and Blu-ray (single BD-50 disc) on June 7, 2016. Special features include behind the scenes, commentary and animatics for every episode, deleted animatic sketches and a \"Plumbus Owner's Manual\" booklet. The 10-episode third season, was released on DVD (2-disc set) and Blu-ray (single BD-50 disc) on May 15, 2018. Special features include exclusive commentary and animatics for every episode, \"inside the episode\", the origins of \"Rick and Morty\", and an exclusive \"inside the recording booth\" session. Uncensored versions of the show are also available to purchase on various digital platforms, including iTunes and Amazon, with the digital releases of each", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17689806", "score": "1.0034436", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Pickle Rick", "text": "Pickle Rick \"Pickle Rick\" is the third episode of the third season of the Adult Swim animated television series \"Rick and Morty\". Written by Jessica Gao and directed by Anthony Chun, the episode premiered on August 6, 2017. In \"Pickle Rick\", Rick turns himself into a pickle to avoid family therapy, but Beth confiscates his antidote and the others go to therapy. Meanwhile, Rick falls into a sewer and constructs mechanisms from dead animals to survive. He escapes into a highly secure building, where he kills the agents inside in order to leave. He goes to the therapy session and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20288286", "score": "0.99634624", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)", "text": "\"tend to suck all the oxygen out of the virtual room.\" Series co-creator Justin Roiland said on his Twitter account that he sees more good than bad in the series' fanbase, and chooses to focus on that. \"Rick and Morty\" received a total of eight nominations for its third season in 2017 and 2018, of which it won an IGN Award and a Critics' Choice Television Award, both in the categories for \"Best Animated Series\". Furthermore, the episode \"Pickle Rick\" received three nominations, of which it won an Emmy Award for \"Outstanding Animated Program\" and an Annie Award for \"Best", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19256321", "score": "0.9951757", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty", "text": "there to react to Rick’s deranged schemes.\" The character is transformed by the truths he discovers during his interdimensional adventures with his grandfather. However, instead of sinking into depression, Morty accepts these truths that empower him to value his own life. The 11-episode first season was released on DVD (2-disc set) and Blu-ray (single BD-50 disc) on October 7, 2014. Special features include commentary and animatics for every episode, deleted scenes, behind the scenes featurette and commentaries by special guests Matt Groening, Robert Kirkman, Pendleton Ward, Al Jean and others. The 10-episode second season was released on DVD (2-disc set)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17689805", "score": "0.9947743", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Rixty Minutes", "text": "shows (especially improvised ones), the output is hit or miss.\" Rixty Minutes \"Rixty Minutes\" is the eighth episode of the first season of \"Rick and Morty\". It premiered on Adult Swim on March 17, 2014. The episode was written by Tom Kauffman and Justin Roiland, and directed by Bryan Newton. In the episode, Rick and Morty watch cable from other dimensions, while Jerry, Beth, and Summer watch alternate reality versions of themselves using a pair of interdimensional goggles. The episode was well received and watched by about 1.48 million viewers in the United States. After Rick expresses his disgust for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20092329", "score": "0.9898989", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)", "text": "season to be \"a disappointment,\" rating it 6.5 out of 10. On a thematic level, Kayla Cobb of \"Decider\" focused on the dynamism displayed by Beth and Summer, as the characters broke the stereotypical conventions of the first two seasons. Cobb stated that \"Season 3 is the first time \"Rick and Morty\" really to its leading ladies, and it was a horrifying delight.\" Julia Alexander of \"Polygon\" highlighted the philosophical conflict between nihilist realism and life in ignorant bliss as the season's main theme, and noted that \"after an introspective season built on the importance of self-realization and reflection, \"Rick", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19256311", "score": "0.9896867", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty)", "text": "return to Earth due to Rick's status as a wanted criminal. Rick turns himself into the Federation to allow his family to return home, and is incarcerated on a prison planet under the charges of having committed \"everything\". But in the season three premiere \"The Rickshank Redemption\", by taking out the Council of Ricks while saving Morty and Summer, it is revealed that Rick actually turned himself in to access the Federation's supercomputer and wipe it out financially. Rick also indirectly convinces Beth to divorce Jerry for trying to convince the family to sell him out. The premiere episode of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19761545", "score": "0.986837", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "A Rickle in Time", "text": "being and instructs Morty and Summer to break off their collars, but the resulting chain of uncertainty further splits their realities into dozens of different timelines. After defeating the testicle monster, Rick notes that time is falling apart. Summer's collar transports her back to her time, but one of the Mortys' collar is broken. With the garage falling away piece by piece, the Morty with the broken collar falls into the spaceless void and Rick jumps after him. He gives Morty his collar and instead prepares to face death. But then, Rick spots Morty's collar floating below him, fixes it,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19283984", "score": "0.9866499", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)", "text": "viewing as compared to \"Live+Same Day\" ratings. Considering that episodes of the third season originally aired at 11:30 p.m. on Sundays, it is very likely that people would have watched them on-demand the next day or several days later. Christina Miller, the president of Adult Swim, told \"Fortune\" that \"Rick and Morty\" \"goes beyond just appealing to millennials,\" as numbers suggest that people of all ages are watching the show. The second episode of the season, which aired nearly four months after the unannounced premiere, was the season's most-watched episode with 2.86 million viewers, and the second-best on cable for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19256314", "score": "0.9853926", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Rixty Minutes", "text": "Morty attempts to console her. After she attempts to push him away, Morty shows Summer the graves that he dug in their backyard (from the episode \"Rick Potion No. 9\"). He reveals the truth that the Morty from her reality is dead, and that he is not, in fact, her brother, but a brother from another reality. He then concludes by saying \"Nobody exists on purpose, nobody belongs anywhere, everybody is going to die... Come watch TV?\" Summer agrees to stay, and the two of them go back downstairs to watch TV with Rick and Jerry. The television in the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20092325", "score": "0.9844394", "original_retrieval_index": 29 } ]

{ "title": "Rick and Morty", "long_answer": "The show revolves around the adventures of the members of the Smith household, which consists of parents Jerry and Beth, their kids Summer and Morty, and Beth's father, Rick Sanchez, who lives with them as a guest. According to Justin Roiland, the family lives outside of Seattle in the U.S. state of Washington. The adventures of Rick and Morty, however, take place across an infinite number of realities, with the characters travelling to other planets and dimensions through portals and Rick's flying car.", "chunked_long_answer": "The show revolves around the adventures of the members of the Smith household, which consists of parents Jerry and Beth, their kids Summer and Morty, and Beth's father, Rick Sanchez, who lives with them as a guest. According to Justin Roiland, the family lives outside of Seattle in the U.S. state of Washington. The adventures of Rick and Morty, however, take place across an infinite number of realities, with the characters travelling to other planets and dimensions through portals and Rick's flying car.", "short_answers": [ "Washington", "the U.S. state of Washington" ] }

[ "FaZe Rug" ]

[ { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "The FaZe YouTubers—including FaZe Banks, FaZe Apex, FaZe Blaze, FaZe Rug, FaZe Adapt, FaZe Censor, and FaZe Rain—started to vlog and do creative skits to further develop their channels. Although the FaZe YouTubers are the more famous FaZe Clan members, they do not compete in any competitive gaming for FaZe. These YouTubers strictly make YouTube videos in order to extend the FaZe Clan brand and entertain their fans. Currently, each major FaZe member has over 1 million subscribers on YouTube, with some having between three and five million subscribers. The official FaZe Clan YouTube channel has 4.8 million subscribers, while FaZe Rug has the most subscribers out of all the FaZe Members with 8 million subscribers.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "\"FaZe 2.0\" by FaZe members and fans. The FaZe \"CS:GO\" team went on to become one of the most successful rosters for the 2017/2018 seasons. FaZe Clan is the most popular esports organization in the world, based on the organization's social media following. As of November 28, 2018, FaZe Clan and its members together have 82 million YouTube subscribers, 11.2 billion YouTube views, 11.3 million Twitch followers, 130 million Twitch views, 43.1 million Twitter followers, 45.8 million Instagram followers, 2.8 million Facebook likes and followers. FaZe Clan has made $6,148,290.91 from esport tournament prize pools alone. FaZe Clan started on", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052134", "score": "1.2883618", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "YouTube in 2010 as a group of video game players who performed trickshots in \"Call of Duty\" and occasionally posted clips and montages on the video sharing site. As the members' personalities and audience preferences changed, so did the video content. The more popular FaZe YouTubers started to vlog and do creative skits to further develop their channels. Although the YouTubers are the more famous members, they do not usually compete in any competitive gaming. The YouTubers make YouTube videos in order to extend the FaZe Clan brand and entertain their fans. Within the last few years, the \"Call Of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052135", "score": "1.153372", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "to search for a replacement and only three days before DreamHack Masters Malmö FaZe acquired the French player Fabien \"kioShiMa\" Fiey from Team EnVyUs. At DreamHack Masters Malmö they started in Group D. FaZe lost the first match to Virtus.pro and headed to a match with Team EnVyUs. It was very balanced and FaZe managed to win the first half, but in the second half FaZe struggled and Team EnVyUs managed to win the match. FaZe earned $2,000 as well as another group stage exit. After aizy's departure to North, FaZe were able to strengthen their team further by signing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052163", "score": "1.1126908", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "Duty\" community has been frustrated with the way FaZe Clan has been/not been involved in the game in which it was founded. Most of the other FaZe members have changed their video topics and mostly do vlog videos. This sparked FaZe Clan to organize the highly successful FaZe Bootcamp on the release of \"\". FaZe trickshotters known as Kitty, Dirty, Bloo, GwidT and Replays contributed to a week dedicated to creating \"Call of Duty\" content. FaZe's first roster—consisting of players named Heist, Folsom, Secretly, and Sham— was created to compete at the 2013 MLG Winter Championship. Their next roster—consisting of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052136", "score": "1.1047059", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "30, tied the PC Kill Record for Squads, with a combined of 53 kills. Epic has released a statement of allotting 100 million USD to future tournaments and FaZe has been sure to stay on the aggression with their competitive team. \"Italic\" nicknames are not members of FaZe Clan. FaZe Clan acquired an \"Overwatch\" roster on June 23, 2016. After one year acquiring the team, the organization disbanded it. The last remaining active member, FCTFCTN, left the roster on February 16, 2018, marking the end of the FaZe \"Overwatch\" roster. The announcement of FaZe buying Gorilla Core's \"PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds\" (\"PUBG\")", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052168", "score": "1.0986011", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "FaZe Clan FaZe Clan (formerly FaZe Sniping) is an American esports and entertainment organization that competes in various video game tournaments. The organization was founded as a gaming clan on YouTube by players known as Housecat, ClipZ, and Resistance in 2010, who all created \"trickshot\" videos for the video game \"\". In 2012, with the release of \"\", the organization decided to expand into competitive play. In 2016, a new era for FaZe began when the organization bought a \"\" professional team. This moment marked the beginning of FaZe Clan expanding into various esports. This movement is referred to as", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052133", "score": "1.0940052", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "February 18, 2018. FaZe Clan FaZe Clan (formerly FaZe Sniping) is an American esports and entertainment organization that competes in various video game tournaments. The organization was founded as a gaming clan on YouTube by players known as Housecat, ClipZ, and Resistance in 2010, who all created \"trickshot\" videos for the video game \"\". In 2012, with the release of \"\", the organization decided to expand into competitive play. In 2016, a new era for FaZe began when the organization bought a \"\" professional team. This moment marked the beginning of FaZe Clan expanding into various esports. This movement is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052170", "score": "1.0903239", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "Vincere, who were the favorites of Group A. This match-up did not go well for FaZe. They were completely shut out and ended the match losing. After losing their previous match, the deciding factor between moving on and going home was a rematch with Luminosity Gaming, this time in a best-of-three. The first map went poorly for FaZe, who lost out and. This meant a five of six group stage finish earning them $3,000. On February 9, 2016, FaZe Clan added Robert \"RobbaN\" Dahlström as a coach. RobbaN was widely regarded at the time as one of the best in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052159", "score": "1.0869939", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "qualify for the Stage 1 Playoffs. Their first matchup was against OpTic Gaming. FaZe managed to upset OpTic, winning the series. FaZe continued through the bracket. However, they placed third in the Playoffs, losing to Splyce in the winners bracket and Luminosity in the losers bracket. FC Black is the academy team of FaZe Clan, which was signed on the 6. December, 2018. FaZe Black was initially formed after the \"Call of Duty\" Championship 2014 after ProoFy was given his own team after leaving the main FaZe roster. ProoFy was to be the captain of the team and he picked", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052152", "score": "1.0827422", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "more rounds, but eventually fell into the lower bracket, defeated. In the lower bracket, the Europeans went up against Splyce. The match went well for FaZe and they managed to dominantly win 16-3 with aizy having the most kills with an impressive HLTV rating of 1.65. In the loser's final FaZe was against Fnatic in a best-of-three. Fnatic took the first map. On the next map, Fnatic was still dominant and won the first half. FaZe never got a chance to come back and lost the second map; they were out of the tournament. After Maikelele stepped down, FaZe started", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052162", "score": "1.0807842", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "(W/D/L) means win/draw/lose.\" \"Intel Grand Slam means current victories/total victories/spoils.\" On January 24, 2018, FaZe Clan made their way into \"FIFA\" after signing former Hashtag United F.C. player Tass. His first tournament under the organization was the FIFA eWorld Cup in Barcelona, from January 26, 2018. Former players On March 3, 2018, FaZe announced the roster of their \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" team. The FaZe \"Fortnite\" professional players continue to achieve astonishing records in the \"Fortnite\" community. On June 8 of 2018, during the weekly Friday \"Fortnite\" tournament hosted by KEEMSTAR and UMG, Tfue and Cloak, with ONE_shot_GURL and Nick Eh", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052167", "score": "1.0640545", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "Duty\" Championship. Following these placings, SlasheR and Enable were transferred back to the main roster, while ACHES and Parasite parted ways with the organization. FaZe Red disbanded for good. FaZe Clan was founded with the acquisition of Mikail \"Maikelele\" Bill, Håvard \"rain\" Nygaard, Ricardo \"fox\" Pacheco, Joakim \"jkaem\" Myrbostad, Philip \"aizy\" Aistrup of G2 Esports. The team's first tournament under FaZe was at DreamHack Leipzig 2016, where they started in Group A against Luminosity Gaming in a best-of-one match. Their first match of the tournament went well for the Europeans, with a victory. The team's next match was against Natus", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052158", "score": "1.0547638", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "Duty\" Championship 2015 finishing 3 -0 in Group G, but they under-performed in Winner's bracket losing 2 -3 and 2 -3 in the Loser's Bracket, finishing with a disappointing thirteen of sixteen placement. FaZe Black disbanded again, leaving only FaZe Red for the second time On April 5, 2014, FaZe Clan announced the acquisition of an additional roster, dividing the two teams into FaZe Red and FaZe Black. Replays, Classic, and JKap were transferred from the main roster, and Theory joined them. This roster achieved mediocre results, placing nine of twelve at UGC Niagara 2014, five of eight at the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052156", "score": "1.0534252", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "team was made on November 11, 2017. The team had been brought together under Gorilla Core the previous year. Gorilla's CEO Bruno Lema Santos was also acquired by FaZe to run eeports operations for the larger organization in the purchase. FaZe Clan does not have a designated professional player or team signed, but some of the players and content creators occasionally compete or have competed in the tournaments on team's behalf. The announcement FaZe Clan expanding into \"Rainbow Six Siege\" was made on January 1, 2018. The roster has participated in Six Invitationals in Montreal from February 13, 2018 to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052169", "score": "1.0370477", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "event of the year, CWL Las Vegas 2017, the team beat OpTic and Splyce, to reach the semi-final against Rise Nation. FaZe lost the match, placing them in the losers bracket. They defeated Allegiance, before ultimately falling to Cloud9 in a close match, placing FaZe third at the event. At CWL Atlanta, FaZe only managed to get a fifth of sixth finish. The team fared better at CWL Paris 2017, reaching the final. The match got off to a false start, with technical issues forcing a stop while FaZe were up 42 -13. However, after the restart, OpTic won the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052150", "score": "1.0305213", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "the team attended the four-team MLG Fall Invitational 2013. Deciding to remain with the same roster, they were unable to break the slump as they finished in fourth place. With the launch of \"Call of Duty: Ghosts\" FaZe decided to replace Slacked with Classic, hoping to have a strong showing in the MLG Fall Championship 2013, but came twenty-fourth in the event. Following this result, the team decided to replace the team members SpaceLy and Huhdle with players named JKap and Methodz. This swap was followed by a respectable showing in UMG Philadelphia 2014, where they placed seventh. However, when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052138", "score": "1.0269214", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "losing spree continued as they lost to Astralis. The final match-up of the group was to decide whether FaZe Clan or Virtus.pro, who were also considered to be in a slump at the time, would be going home. The final match proved to be a close game, but FaZe continued to slip and lost the match, earning $7,000 and suffering another group stage exit for the team. Going into the first major of 2016, , FaZe played their first match of Group B against Team Liquid. FaZe ended the first half with a 3-12 scoreline, though they later gained eight", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052161", "score": "1.0268114", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "first round and was eliminated from the tournament with a fifth position finish out of eight total. Next, they were invite to the Invitational CWL Stage 1 Qualifier. FaZe won both their matches against Happy Hour and compLexity Gaming, gaining them a spot in the upcoming CWL Stage 1 NA Online League. Midway through Stage 1, FaZe attended UMG South Carolina 2016, where they fell victim losing to a determined Team Liquid in the quarterfinals, giving FaZe another disappointing finish. FaZe completed Stage 1 with a 15-7 record, securing the number three seed for the Stage 1 Playoffs. In the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052146", "score": "1.0247433", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "loss. Following the event, FaZe Black became the only roster for the FaZe Clan organization when the entire FaZe Red roster was dropped. With the 2015 \"Call of Duty\" Championship around the corner, FaZe Clan decided it was time once again to split into two teams. The new FaZe Black roster would feature Censor, Apathy, ProoFy, and StuDyy. They easily passed through the online qualifiers to compete at the \"Call of Duty\" Championship NA Regional Finals 2015, where they placed seven of eight after forfeiting their final match. FaZe Black started off with a strong performance at the \"Call of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052155", "score": "1.0237396", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "match with a convincing scoreline, consigning FaZe to second place. A month later, FaZe attended CWL Dallas 2017, labelled as favorites to win. They performed to this expectation, facing off against OpTic Gaming in the winners final. But OpTic defeated FaZe. FaZe once again met eUnited, this time in the loser’s final, where they lost to take home third place. The end of CWL Dallas marked the beginning of the Global Pro League. In Stage 1, FaZe were placed into Group Blue, alongside Fnatic, Rise Nation, and Evil Geniuses. Following a close series against Rise Nation, FaZe barely managed to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052151", "score": "1.0175854", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "not lose a single map going into the winners bracket. FaZe’s performance continued in bracket play, defeating Team Infused in the first round. In day 3, FaZe was sent into the losers bracket, again by the eventual World League Championship winners Team EnVyUs. FaZe came up against Millenium, and won the series, to set up a match again against Splyce. The match went to an intense Game 5, which FaZe lost. FaZe finished the championship event in seventh of eight, netting them $50,000 in prize money. FaZe started the season well, winning the PlayStation Experience Invitational. At the first major", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052149", "score": "1.0140315", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "up Saints, FormaL and Censor to make up the rest of the team. They were called a \"God Squad\" and were predicted to be a team that would be able to take down compLexity. However, after MBoZe left the OpTic Gaming team, ProoFy left FaZe Black to join OpTic Gaming. As a result, Censor became captain of the team and picked up Dedo, who had teamed with Censor and Saints under Strictly Business. The team's first event was UGC Niagara 2014 where they finished in fifth place, taking home $1,000. Sadly, Saints was unable to make it to the event,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052153", "score": "1.0116681", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "first round, they came up against compLexity and won. However, FaZe’s victory was short lived, in their match against a strong Rise Nation, they lost, placing third of four. The FaZe Clan then traveled to Paris to compete at ESWC 2016. They finished the group stage with a flawless record. However, what has had happened throughout the season, they fell short in the first round, losing against Splyce' roster, placing fifth of eight. At the MLG Anaheim Open 2016 competition, FaZe exited the pool play with a 1-2 record, sending them to the losers bracket. First FaZe defeated Echo Fox.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052147", "score": "1.0108323", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "Heist, Methodz, Replays, and MBoZe—competed at the 2013 MLG Spring Championship, where they finished a respectable fifth place. Despite this, the roster was completely reshuffled going into UMG Atlanta 2013. Only Replays remained, with new members Slacked, Huhdle, and SpaceLy being added. This team struggled to gain any momentum, finishing in ninth place. Despite this poor placing, the team decided to stick with the same roster going into the MLG PAX Prime Invitational 2013. They were able to make the semifinals of the eight-team invitational; however, they were ultimately eliminated by the eventual runners-up. To close out \"Black Ops 2\",", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052137", "score": "1.0006214", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "\"Counter-Strike\" esports competitions, where he and his team placed highly in many events. At the Intel Extreme Masters X - World Championship, the first match at Group B was against E-Frag.net Esports Club. FaZe won in a best-of-one. Their next match was against Tempo Storm which went into overtime, however, the Norwegian duo helped pull in the win for FaZe, ending the match with a score of 19-16. The next match-up for FaZe was Team EnVyUs, who were in a slump at the time. Despite this, FaZe lost to the opposing French side. The next match was against Astralis. FaZe's", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052160", "score": "0.99425447", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Maikelele", "text": "that he was leaving FaZe Clan. On July 24, after over three months of being without a team, Maikelele announced that he is planning to create a new CS:GO team and also return to the AWPer position. Maikelele acted as a stand-in for Ninjas in Pyjamas for SL i-League StarSeries Season 2. Ninjas in Pyjamas won the tournament on September 11, 2016 after beating G2 Esports in the finals. Most recently, Maikelele created the team qwerty with Swedish teammates atter, wenton, slap and the Bosnian player pita. After being removed from Team Dignitas, Maikelele joined Red Reserve and made grand", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19214364", "score": "0.99401736", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "\"Clayster\" Eubanks and Dillon \"Attach\" Price. The deal established FaZe as a top-three team, and the new squad made strong showings in the Pro League, as well as multiple LAN wins, their first of which being the UMG Dallas 2015 event, where they beat OpTic. Soon after, the squad traveled to Europe to try to win the Gfinity Summer Championship 2015. FaZe ran through the tournament with ease and were pitted, once again, against OpTic in the finals. OpTic picked up a 3-0 lead in the best of seven; however, FaZe made a 4-3 comeback to win the LAN event.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052144", "score": "0.9821912", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "ELEAGUE", "text": "Fnatic and Cloud9 to reach the finals and FaZe Clan defeated Team EnVyUs and North on its path to the finals. Astralis kept its same lineup as it had when it won the ELEAGUE Major 2017 while FaZe Clan brought in its new superteam and had not lost a map on LAN since losing to Gambit Esports at DreamHack Masters Malmö 2017. FaZe Clan defeated Astralis 2-0 after a huge comeback from 12-3 on the first map and dominated the second map to take home the fourth rendition of ELEAGUE. In the last day of the , host Richard Lewis", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19660689", "score": "0.98124754", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "FaZe Clan", "text": "match with Team Immunity. FaZe avoided another upset by defeating them along with one of the top European teams, Epsilon eSports. FaZe won again to set up a match against the favored team compLexity, where FaZe lost. FaZe lost their next match in the losers bracket. FaZe finished in sixth place and was rewarded with a $50,000 prize. After the event, FaZe decided to make some major roster adjustments. They announced that ProoFy would be starting his own team with the creation of FaZe Black. Theory would then fill his vacant spot on the team which would now be known", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19052140", "score": "0.9809226", "original_retrieval_index": 28 } ]

{ "title": "FaZe Clan", "long_answer": "The FaZe Clan began its existence through YouTube in 2010. FaZe started as a clan that would perform trick shots in Call of Duty and post clips and montages on YouTube. As the members' personalities and audience preferences changed, so did the video content. The FaZe YouTubers—including FaZe Banks, FaZe Apex, FaZe Blaze, FaZe Rug, FaZe Adapt, FaZe Censor, and FaZe Rain—started to vlog and do creative skits to further develop their channels. Although the FaZe YouTubers are the more famous FaZe Clan members, they do not compete in any competitive gaming for FaZe. These YouTubers strictly make YouTube videos in order to extend the FaZe Clan brand and entertain their fans. Currently, each major FaZe member has over 1 million subscribers on YouTube, with some having between three and five million subscribers. The official FaZe Clan YouTube channel has 4.8 million subscribers, while FaZe Rug has the most subscribers out of all the FaZe Members with 8 million subscribers.", "chunked_long_answer": "The FaZe YouTubers—including FaZe Banks, FaZe Apex, FaZe Blaze, FaZe Rug, FaZe Adapt, FaZe Censor, and FaZe Rain—started to vlog and do creative skits to further develop their channels. Although the FaZe YouTubers are the more famous FaZe Clan members, they do not compete in any competitive gaming for FaZe. These YouTubers strictly make YouTube videos in order to extend the FaZe Clan brand and entertain their fans. Currently, each major FaZe member has over 1 million subscribers on YouTube, with some having between three and five million subscribers. The official FaZe Clan YouTube channel has 4.8 million subscribers, while FaZe Rug has the most subscribers out of all the FaZe Members with 8 million subscribers.", "short_answers": [ "FaZe Rug" ] }

[ "cooling", "penciling" ]

[ { "title": "Firefighting", "text": "This leaves the fire without enough of the combustive agent, and it dies out. The vaporization of water also absorbs heat; it thereby cools the smoke, air, walls, and objects that could act as further fuel, and thus prevents one of the means by which fires grow, which is by \"jumping\" to nearby heat/fuel sources to start new fires, which then combine. Water extinguishment is thus a combination of \"asphyxia\" (cutting off the oxygen supply) and cooling. The flame itself is suppressed by asphyxia, but the cooling is the most important element in mastering a fire in a closed area.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Firefighting", "text": "its boiling point, it converts to water vapor. When this conversion takes place, it dilutes the oxygen in the air above the fire, thus removing one of the elements that the fire requires to burn. This can also be done with foam. Another way to extinguish a fire is fuel removal. This can be accomplished by stopping the flow of liquid or gaseous fuel, by removing solid fuel in the path of a fire, or by allowing the fire to burn until all the fuel is consumed, at which point the fire will self-extinguish. One final extinguishing method is chemical", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3490544", "score": "1.1579455", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Fire control", "text": "Fire control Fire control is the practice of reducing the heat output of a fire, reducing the area over which the fire exists, or suppressing or extinguishing the fire by depriving it of fuel, oxygen, or heat (see fire triangle). The classification below relates to the United States of America. Different classifications exist in other countries. The most common method to control a class-A fire is to remove heat by spraying the burning solid fuels with water. Another method of controlling a class-A fire would be to reduce the oxygen content of the atmosphere in the immediate vicinity of the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4578817", "score": "1.1495948", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Firefighting", "text": "the temperature is lowered, only a limited amount of water is necessary to suppress the fire seat with a straight spray. For a living room of , the required amount of water is estimated as 60 L (15 gal). French firefighters used an alternative method in the 1970s: spraying water on the hot walls to create a water vapor atmosphere and asphyxiate the fire. This method is no longer used because it turned out to be risky; the pressure created pushed the hot gases and vapor towards the firefighters, causing severe burns, and pushed the hot gases into other rooms", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3490555", "score": "1.1444293", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Fire", "text": "Board. Presently, the California Contractors State License Board has no specific classification for \"water and fire damage restoration.\" Hence, the Contractor's State License Board requires both an asbestos certification (ASB) as well as a demolition classification (C-21) in order to perform Fire and Water Restoration work. Fire Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. Slower oxidative processes like rusting or digestion are not included by this definition. Fire is hot because the conversion of the weak double bond in molecular oxygen, O, to the stronger", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141098", "score": "1.1142058", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Fire control", "text": "hot gases spread due to the expansion of the gases as a result of the combustion. Some fires can be partially controlled by venting these gases to the outside through manufactured heat vents in the structure's roof, or by the fire department cutting holes in the roof. Fire control Fire control is the practice of reducing the heat output of a fire, reducing the area over which the fire exists, or suppressing or extinguishing the fire by depriving it of fuel, oxygen, or heat (see fire triangle). The classification below relates to the United States of America. Different classifications exist", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4578821", "score": "1.1096615", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Fire triangle", "text": "a substance which reduces the amount of heat available to the fire reaction. This is often water, which absorbs heat for phase change from water to steam. Introducing sufficient quantities and types of powder or gas in the flame reduces the amount of heat available for the fire reaction in the same manner. Scraping embers from a burning structure also removes the heat source. Turning off the electricity in an electrical fire removes the ignition source. Without fuel, a fire will stop. Fuel can be removed naturally, as where the fire has consumed all the burnable fuel, or manually, by", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3561861", "score": "1.0765636", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Fire control", "text": "the ignition of the fuels associated with electrical equipment, such as plastic cable jackets. The application of water does not always result in effective fire control, and there is a general concern regarding conductivity and personnel safety. Class C fires can be effectively controlled by removing the oxygen. The removal of electricity as a continuous ignition source is important to eliminate re-ignition. Once the electricity is removed, the result is a Class A fire. Foam or dry chemical powder can be used to control fires involving shallow liquid spill Fires can spread through the interior of a structure as the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4578820", "score": "1.0715401", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Cutting extinguisher", "text": "the fire room and apply conventional fire fighting tactics if required. As very little water is used in the process there is also much less water damage to take care of compared with conventional fire fighting methods. As tactics has developed over the 10 years the technology has been applied it has been found that especially the combination with an Thermal Imaging Camera is useful. The camera is used for finding hotspots or for reading a building etc. and the cutting extinguisher is used for attacking those spots while the result is monitored with the camera. The cutting extinguisher has", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12395178", "score": "1.0675893", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Firefighting", "text": "in the absence of other extinguishing agents, covering the flame with a fire blanket can eliminate oxygen flow to the fire. A simple and usually effective way to put out a fire in a stove-top pan is to put a lid on the pan and leave it there. One of the main risks of a fire is the smoke; because, it carries heat and poisonous gases, and obscures vision. In the case of a fire in a closed location (building), the following two different strategies may be used: isolation of the fire or ventilation. Paul Grimwood introduced the concept of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3490558", "score": "1.0588415", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Fire", "text": "Fire Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. Slower oxidative processes like rusting or digestion are not included by this definition. Fire is hot because the conversion of the weak double bond in molecular oxygen, O, to the stronger bonds in the combustion products carbon dioxide and water releases energy (418 kJ per 32 g of O); the bond energies of the fuel play only a minor role here. At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition point, flames are produced. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141071", "score": "1.0548415", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Fire control", "text": "on top of the water. The application of a combination of fire suppressant foam mixed with water is a common and effective method of forming a blanket on top of the liquid fuel which eliminates the oxygen needed for combustion.The configuration of some fuels, such as coal and baled waste paper, result in a deep seated and burrowing fire, resulting in less effective fire control by the application of water on the outer surfaces of the fuel. Some Class-B fires can be controlled with the application of chemical fire suppressants. Class-C fires involve electricity as a continuous power source for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4578819", "score": "1.0519319", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Fire triangle", "text": "mechanically or chemically removing the fuel from the fire. Fuel separation is an important factor in wildland fire suppression, and is the basis for most major tactics, such as controlled burns. The fire stops because a lower concentration of fuel vapor in the flame leads to a decrease in energy release and a lower temperature. Removing the fuel thereby decreases the heat. Without sufficient oxygen, a fire cannot begin, and it cannot continue. With a decreased oxygen concentration, the combustion process slows. Oxygen can be denied to a fire using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, a fire blanket or water.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3561862", "score": "1.0502825", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Fire prevention", "text": "indoor temperatures can he maintained at or above 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Below that temperature, there is the danger of freezing pipes. If the outside temperature is below freezing and the interior temperature is less than forty degrees Fahrenheit, the steel sprinkler piping, which rapidly conducts heat and rapidly loses it, will drop below freezing. The frozen area may be isolated and near an opening or uninsulated portion of the building. It may be a small area, but it could be enough to put the whole system out of service. One of the most common reasons for fires is how people", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6300163", "score": "1.0407947", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Cutting extinguisher", "text": "a fire from the safety of being outside the fire room. The water jet combined with an abrasive cutting sand makes it possible to 'shoot' right through a wall or other structure. When the water jet has penetrated the fine water droplets in the water jet hits the hot fire gases in the fire room and are turned to steam. This sucks the energy out of the fire and quickly reduces the temperature in the fire room to the point where the risk of a back-draft is very much reduced or eliminated. It is then safer to make entry into", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12395177", "score": "1.0368674", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Fire", "text": "apply if oxygen is supplied to the fire by some process other than thermal convection. Fire can be extinguished by removing any one of the elements of the fire tetrahedron. Consider a natural gas flame, such as from a stove-top burner. The fire can be extinguished by any of the following: In contrast, fire is intensified by increasing the overall rate of combustion. Methods to do this include balancing the input of fuel and oxidizer to stoichiometric proportions, increasing fuel and oxidizer input in this balanced mix, increasing the ambient temperature so the fire's own heat is better able to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141077", "score": "1.025592", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Firefighter", "text": "different from fire-resistant building materials such as concrete. Generally, a \"fire-resistant\" building is designed to limit fire to a small area or floor. Other floors can be safe by preventing smoke inhalation and damage. All buildings suspected or on fire must be evacuated, regardless of fire rating. Some fire fighting tactics may appear to be destructive, but often serve specific needs. For example, during ventilation firefighters are forced to either open holes in the roof or floors of a structure (called vertical ventilation), or open windows and walls (called horizontal ventilation) to remove smoke and heated gases from the interior", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "1299436", "score": "1.0200711", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Ventilation (firefighting)", "text": "reduce smoke infiltration into those spaces. When glass windows in a burning structure burst from internal pressure and heat, or the fire burns through the roof, it may be said to have \"auto-ventilated\" or \"self-ventilated.\" Ventilation (firefighting) Ventilation is a part of structural firefighting tactics, and involves the expulsion of heat and smoke from a burning building, permitting the firefighters to more easily and safely find trapped individuals and attack the fire. If a large fire is not properly ventilated, not only will it be much harder to fight, but it could also build up enough poorly burned smoke to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7469918", "score": "1.0129955", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Conflagration", "text": "of structures and attempts to escape, and smoke inhalation. Firefighting is the practice of attempting to extinguish a conflagration, protect life and property, and minimize damage and injury. One of the goals of fire prevention is to avoid conflagrations. When a conflagration is extinguished, there is often a fire investigation to determine the cause of the fire. During a conflagration a significant movement of air and combustion products occurs. Hot gaseous products of combustion move upward, causing the influx of more dense cold air to the combustion zone. Sometimes, the influx is so intense that the fire grows into a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3179423", "score": "1.0125014", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention", "text": "Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention, also known as oxygen reduction system, is an active fire protection technique based on a permanent reduction of the oxygen concentration in the protected rooms. Unlike traditional fire suppression systems that usually extinguish fire after it is detected, hypoxic air is able to prevent fire. In a volume protected by hypoxic air, a normobaric hypoxic atmosphere is continuously retained: hypoxic means that the partial pressure of the oxygen is lower than at the sea level, normobaric means that the barometric pressure is equal to the barometric pressure at", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13210506", "score": "1.0072212", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Fireproofing", "text": "evolved versions of these are used in aerodynamics, intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and re-entry vehicles, such as the space shuttles. The use of these older materials has been standardised in \"old\" systems, such as those listed in BS476, DIN4102 and the National Building Code of Canada. In a building fire, structural steel loses strength as the temperature increases. In order to maintain the structural integrity of the steel frame, several fireproofing measurements are taken: Historically, these masonry encasement methods use large amounts of heavy materials, thus greatly increasing the load to the steel frame. Newer materials and methods have been", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6767487", "score": "1.0070133", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Detection of fire accelerants", "text": "sent back to a laboratory for analysis. This is the point in the process where many agencies could differ in their methodology because there are multiple techniques for analyzing fire debris for the presence of ILRs. Some of the most common methods include; Solvent extraction, headspace extraction, and adsorption extraction which in itself has at least 3 varying methods. An adsorption extraction can be accomplished by passive headspace adsorption, passive headspace adsorption using Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) or dynamic headspace adsorption. which is the method used by the laboratories in Ontario, Canada These techniques are all used to extract volatile compounds", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15038619", "score": "1.0058562", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Coal seam fire", "text": "identified in a region with cold winters, and it is believed that elevated ground temperatures above the fires permitted their survival. In order to thrive, a fire requires fuel, oxygen, and heat. As underground fires are very difficult to reach directly, firefighting involves finding an appropriate methodology which addresses the interaction of fuel and oxygen for the specific fire in question. A fire can be isolated from its fuel source, for example through firebreaks or fireproof barriers. Many fires, particularly those on steep slopes, can be completely excavated. In the case of near-surface coal seam fires, the influx of oxygen", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3690283", "score": "1.0052216", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Fire", "text": "a series of mechanisms that behave differently in micro gravity when compared to normal gravity conditions. These discoveries have potential applications in applied science and industry, especially concerning fuel efficiency. In combustion engines, various steps are taken to eliminate a flame. The method depends mainly on whether the fuel is oil, wood, or a high-energy fuel such as jet fuel. It is true that objects at specific temperatures do radiate visible light. Objects whose surface is at a temperature above approximately will glow, emitting light at a color that indicates the temperature of that surface. See the section on red", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141083", "score": "1.0041069", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Fire suppression system", "text": "Fire suppression system Fire suppression systems are used to extinguish or prevent the spread of fire in a building. Suppression systems use a combination of dry chemicals and/or wet agents to suppress equipment fires. In the USA fire suppression systems are governed by the codes under the National Fire Protection Association. Suppression systems have become a necessity to several industries as they help control damage and loss to equipment. Common means of detection are through heat sensors, wiring, or manual detection (depending on system selection). Although most fire suppression systems are static and are used to protect a building against", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7213703", "score": "1.0031763", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Firefighting", "text": "improves life safety, fire extinguishment, and property conservation by 'pulling' fire away from trapped occupants and objects. In most cases of structural firefighting, a 4x4 foot opening is cut into the roof directly over the fire room. This allows hot smoke and gases to escape through the opening, returning the conditions inside the room to normal. It is important to coordinate the ventilation with an interior fire attack since the opening of a ventilation hole supplies more air, and thus oxygen, to the fire. Ventilation may also \"limit fire spread by channeling fire toward nearby openings and allows fire fighters", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3490560", "score": "1.0020802", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Fire", "text": "combustible material left after a fire is called \"clinker\" if its melting point is below the flame temperature, so that it fuses and then solidifies as it cools, and \"ash\" if its melting point is above the flame temperature. Wildfire prevention programs around the world may employ techniques such as \"wildland fire use\" and \"prescribed or controlled burns\". \"Wildland fire use\" refers to any fire of natural causes that is monitored but allowed to burn. \"Controlled burns\" are fires ignited by government agencies under less dangerous weather conditions. Fire fighting services are provided in most developed areas to extinguish or", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "141094", "score": "1.00136", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Firefighting", "text": "can cause serious burns even from great distances. There are a number of comparably serious heat-related risks, such as burns from hot gases (e.g., air), steam, and hot and/or toxic smoke. Accordingly, firefighters are equipped with personal protective equipment (PPE) that includes fire-resistant clothing such as Nomex or polybenzimidazole fiber (PBI) and helmets that limit the transmission of heat towards the body. No PPE, however, can completely protect the user from the effects of all possible fire conditions. Heat can cause flammable liquid contained in tanks to explode violently, producing what is called a BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion).", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3490537", "score": "1.001187", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Class B fire", "text": "equipment) and Class D fires (in which the burning material is combustible metals). The less-commonly-used Class K (known outside the United States as Class F) refers to fires involving cooking oil or fat; these materials are technically part of Class B. Fires are classified by the proper extinguishing agent. While water is used on Class A fires, using water on a Class B fire (such as a grease fire) is extremely dangerous. This is because burning grease is hotter than the boiling point of water (212 degrees Fahrenheit or 100 degrees Celsius); when water is placed on grease, it creates", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19716853", "score": "1.0003548", "original_retrieval_index": 30 }, { "title": "Linear Heat Detection", "text": "specific temperature (commonly 68 °C for building applications), and without which causes the two cores to short. This can be seen as a change in resistance in the wire. There are a limited states the LHD cable can be in: Linear Heat Detection Linear Heat Detection (LHD) (also known as \"Linear Detection Wire\" or \" Linear Heat Detection Cable\" or \"Linear Heat\") is a very commonly used method of fire detection. It can detect a fire anywhere along the length of the cable, and can be of lengths in excess of a kilometer. Applications can range from building fire alarm", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18006289", "score": "0.99832076", "original_retrieval_index": 31 } ]

{ "title": "Firefighting", "long_answer": "One common way to extinguish a fire is to spray it with water. The water has two roles: It vaporizes when it comes in contact with fire, and this vapor displaces the oxygen (the volume of water vapor is 1,700 times greater than liquid water, at 1,000 °F (538 °C) it expands over 4,000 times). This leaves the fire without enough of the combustive agent, and it dies out. The vaporization of water also absorbs heat; it thereby cools the smoke, air, walls, and objects that could act as further fuel, and thus prevents one of the means by which fires grow, which is by \"jumping\" to nearby heat/fuel sources to start new fires, which then combine. Water extinguishment is thus a combination of \"asphyxia\" (cutting off the oxygen supply) and cooling. The flame itself is suppressed by asphyxia, but the cooling is the most important element in mastering a fire in a closed area.", "chunked_long_answer": "This leaves the fire without enough of the combustive agent, and it dies out. The vaporization of water also absorbs heat; it thereby cools the smoke, air, walls, and objects that could act as further fuel, and thus prevents one of the means by which fires grow, which is by \"jumping\" to nearby heat/fuel sources to start new fires, which then combine. Water extinguishment is thus a combination of \"asphyxia\" (cutting off the oxygen supply) and cooling. The flame itself is suppressed by asphyxia, but the cooling is the most important element in mastering a fire in a closed area.", "short_answers": [ "cooling" ] }

[ "March 27, 2018", "March 2018" ]

[ { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2", "text": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2 (魔女と百騎兵2, Majo to Hyakkihei 2) is an action role-playing video game developed and published by Nippon Ichi Software for the PlayStation 4. Featuring a different witch than its predecessor The Witch and the Hundred Knight, the game released in February 2017 in Japan and in March 2018 in North America and Europe.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2", "text": "only 13,421 physical copies of the game were sold during the week of release, compared to 49,209 copies in the week of launch of the first game for PlayStation 3 in 2013. \"The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2\" was met with a mixed reception upon its western release, holding an average critic score of 61 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 24 reviews. Most reviewers criticised the game's pacing, repetitiveness, and lack of innovation and improvements on the first game. The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2 \"The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2\" is an action role-playing", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20076449", "score": "1.272236", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight", "text": "to other titles. There was talk, early in development, about making it an open world game, but instead NIS chose to focus on the 3D graphics technology. The development team has been working on the action part of the game and reducing load times, and the open world were scrapped. \"The Witch and the Hundred Knight\" was originally scheduled for release in Japan on June 28, 2012, but was later pushed back to an indefinite 2013 release date, and was eventually released on July 25, 2013. The game was released in Europe on March 21, 2014, and in North America", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16412039", "score": "1.2396317", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight", "text": "on March 25, 2014. There is both a regular and limited edition version of the game. The limited edition comes with a 44-page hardcover visual book, a Metallia Nendoroid Petit figurine, and the game’s soundtrack on two discs. On Gamerankings, The Witch and the Hundred Knight has an aggregate score of 56.41% based on 39 Reviews on PS3, and 62.40% based on 15 Reviews on PS4. Cubed3 awarded \"The Witch and the Hundred Knight\" 6/10, praising the \"awesomely dark\" main character Metallia, but noted there were some gripes in the gameplay, including repetitive exploration and unreliable camera angles. A major", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16412040", "score": "1.1729252", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2", "text": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2 \"The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2\" is an action role-playing game with a top-down isometric view. Players fight their way through a variety of levels as Hundred Knight, a magical creature that can be equipped with five types of weapons: swords, hammers, staffs, lances, and spears. Each weapon type differs in attack range, speed, and motion. By changing the order of use, players create many different combos. The world of Kevala is corrupted by the Witch Disease, an illness developed in children under age 10. Its cause is unknown. A third eye", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20076441", "score": "1.1429834", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight", "text": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight The game's story revolves around Metallia, a powerful swamp witch who summons the legendary Hundred Knight in order to defeat her rival, the Forest Witch Malia, and cover the world in swamp mud. The game received mixed reception from critics, who praised the unconventional story but faulted the game for various gameplay and technical issues, including a game-breaking bug. \"The Witch and the Hundred Knight\" is an action RPG played from a top-down isometric view. The player character, the Hundred Knight, can equip up to 5 weapons and cycle through them to create combos.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16412027", "score": "1.0749903", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2", "text": "appears on the forehead of those infected with the Witch Disease, and when the eye opens they awaken as a witch. A girl named Amalie lives in a remote village after she lost her parents to a witch. Her younger sister Milm is the only family she has left. One day, Milm suddenly disappears and Amalie eagerly searches for her. When she is about to give up, Milm shows up again, covered in mud and with the witch's eye on her forehead. Upon the beginning of the game's events, Milm is seen being operated on by the Weiss Ritter, an", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20076442", "score": "1.0698477", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2", "text": "Rangda's illusions and Chelka destroys Rangda herself. They realize that Rangda created the cycle and isolated the world from the multiverse to prevent the godlike interdimensional being, Niike, from destroying it as he did once before. Chelka decides to return the world to the multiverse, and all the other characters, living and dead, are reborn in a new world as non-witches. \"The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2\" was first revealed in May 2015 through a short video in which Nippon Ichi Software confirmed that the game was in development. In October 2016, director Kenta Asano told Dengeki PlayStation that", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20076447", "score": "1.058852", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight", "text": "version of himself), and then finally Aguni, who morphs into a twisted monster in her rage at seeing Niike killed. After this, Metallia finds Visco's soul, and despite Visco's wishes, sacrifices herself to revive Visco. The Hundred Knight, however, presents a seed that they use to eventually revive Metallia again. Development on \"The Witch and the Hundred Knight\" began around April 2010, while it was expected to be complete in one or one-and-a-half years, the game was delayed over time because of many issues. NIS claimed they did not want the graphics or visuals of the game to look inferior", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16412038", "score": "1.0232452", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight", "text": "bug that spontaneously occurs at seemingly any time, forcing the game to return to the PS3 system menu - losing all unsaved progress in the process - is also a factor in the game not being received more favourably. The \"Revival Edition\" on PlayStation 4 fared better, scoring 7/10, with Cubed3 praising the changes that improved the game and made it more accessible, whilst seemingly removing or reducing the rate of the crash bug. The Witch and the Hundred Knight The game's story revolves around Metallia, a powerful swamp witch who summons the legendary Hundred Knight in order to defeat", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16412041", "score": "1.0222206", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2", "text": "to the surface. The Hundred Knight's exploits defeating the witch Isabel are credited to Amalie, causing her to become a Holy Valkyrie. However, when Amalie realizes that the Valkyries are murdering the children with the Witch Disease that the WR cannot operate on, she starts to doubt her mission. She is sent to defeat Prim, the world's strongest witch, which the Hundred Knight does successfully, but they find records of misdeeds by the WR in Prim's castle. This leads Amalie to infiltrate the WR and discover that they have been covering up the fact that there is no cure for", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20076444", "score": "1.0144262", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight", "text": "be far smaller and weaker than she envisioned, but it does have the ability to release \"Pillars\" that have sealed in the swamp. She sends the Hundred Knight out on a mission to release all Pillars and spread the swamp across the world to extend her power and reach. The Hundred Knight defeats Malia and Metallia curses her into a mouse despite learning that she was her \"mother\". Afterwards, she encounters Visco, a princess who has been cursed to look like a dog and desires Malia's help. Metallia tricks Visco into joining her, but is unable to cure Visco's curse.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16412032", "score": "1.0114741", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2", "text": "anti-witch organization, to cure the Witch Disease. It seems to fail and result in her death, but then a witch named Chelka awakens in Milm's body and destroys the entire building. This also causes Milm's Hundred Knight doll to come alive as well, and begin fighting for Chelka. When Amalie discovers that Milm is alive and Chelka is in her body, the two of them move into the abandoned Durga Castle and Hundred Knight starts obeying Amalie's orders as well. They forge an uneasy relationship, with Amalie unwilling to hurt Chelka, and Chelka unable to harm Amalie lest Milm come", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20076443", "score": "0.9962405", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "The Witches (1990 film)", "text": "on the urging of Jim Henson. The movie was slated to be distributed by Lorimar but when the company dissolved their theatrical distribution operation, it wound up sitting on the shelf for more than a year after filming was completed. The movie premiered on 25 May 1990, in London and was scheduled to open the same day in the United States, but following Florida test screenings earlier that year Warner Bros. delayed the American release until August. The film took in $10,360,553 in the United States and 266,782 in Germany. Warner Home Video first released the film on VHS in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "6425496", "score": "0.9954251", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "The Magic Sword (1901 film)", "text": "then.\" On the roof of an old palace appear a young knight and his lady. While they are dancing happily, a witch who wants to capture the lady shows up. The knight release her to fight against the witch and defend her, and when he is about to stop the witch, she sits on her broom and escapes flying towards the moon. Her disappearance, causes several Hobgoblins to harass the couple and one of them manages to take the lady with him and the knight can do nothing to stop him from doing it. Afterwards, he feels pain for his", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15641558", "score": "0.97540987", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "The Witch (2015 film)", "text": "The Witch (2015 film) The Witch (stylized THE VVITCH) is a 2015 period supernatural horror film written and directed by Robert Eggers in his directorial debut. The film stars Anya Taylor-Joy, Ralph Ineson, Kate Dickie, Harvey Scrimshaw, Ellie Grainger and Lucas Dawson. \"The Witch\" follows a Separatist family encountering forces of evil in the woods beyond their New England farm, forces that may be either real or imagined. An international co-production of the United States and Canada, the film premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival on January 27, 2015 and was widely released by A24 on February 19, 2016.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18586826", "score": "0.9742635", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight", "text": "to come. She arrives and exacts her revenge by destroying Brockenturm and defeating several of the witches, forcing them to recognize her as a real witch. Afterwards, Metallia is invited to become the court witch of the kingdom of Amataya, but it turns out to be a plan orchestrated by the Church of Niike and Belda the Scum Witch to destroy the other witches, accusing them, and Metallia, of being evil. Metallia is captured but the Hundred Knight saves her from being executed and defeats Belda. The seemingly happy ending is ruined when Lucchini betrays Metallia, and helps his evil", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16412034", "score": "0.96144396", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight", "text": "The player can also equip different \"facets\" that not only change their appearance but alter their stats and weapon proficiencies. As the game progresses, the player will gain access to special abilities and powers that can help them in battle and increase the bonus gauge, which leads to better rewards after clearing a stage. The game world is linear, with new stages being unlocked one after another. However, the player can go back and revisit previous stages to find new areas and items. The character's main base of operations is Metallia's house in Niblhenne Swamp, where they can save their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16412028", "score": "0.95913696", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2", "text": "the Witch Disease, and she is actually an artificial witch who was never \"cured\". This causes her to be forced to fight one of the Valkyries, defeating her. For this, she is branded a traitor and sentenced to death, though she surrenders willingly, losing hope that Milm will ever return to normal. However, Chelka rescues her. They defeat another of the Valkyries and, later, go after Theodore, the leader of the WR, though they are stopped by the final Valkyrie, Gabrielle, who reveals herself to be Francesca, the first witch, and actually a \"Holy Maiden\". They attempt to kidnap Milm,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20076445", "score": "0.95817995", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight", "text": "Metallia-playable mode available. The game takes place in the dark fantasy world of Medea, where there exists a highly poisonous swamp, Niblhenne, bounded by a large forest. Metallia, the self-proclaimed \"Swamp Witch\", lives in the swamp along with her robotic servant, Arlecchino. Despite not being an officially recognized witch, Metallia is incredibly powerful and immortal, though her one weakness is that she cannot leave the swamp at all. She has been at war with Forest Witch Malia for 100 years, until she finally summons the Hundred Knight to turn the tide in her favor. The Hundred Knight turns out to", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16412031", "score": "0.95713794", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Season of the Witch (2011 film)", "text": "was 36% Hispanic, 31% Caucasian, 14% Asian, 10% African-American, and 9% \"other\". According to CinemaScore, audiences gave the film a C+ grade. The film was the second release by Relativity and performed better than its first release, \"The Warrior's Way\" (2010). The opening weekend was not the lowest of Nicolas Cage's career; it was better than \"The Wicker Man\" (2006), \"Next\" (2007) and \"Bangkok Dangerous\" (2008). \"Season of the Witch\" grossed in the United States and Canada and in other territories for a worldwide total of . 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment (under a new output license deal with Relativity)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12736911", "score": "0.954054", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "The Witch's Curse", "text": "the gothic horror genre\". \"The Witch's Curse\" was released in Italy on April 11, 1962. It grossed a total of 277 million Italian lire domestically in Italy. The Witch's Curse The Witch's Curse () is a 1962 peplum-fantasy film, directed by Riccardo Freda. In the mid 1500s a witch is burned in Scotland and places a curse on the inhabitants before she dies. One hundred years later the tree she was chained to and burned still stands with no one daring to destroy it. The curse remains by forcing women to commit suicide. The descendent of the witch, Martha Gunt", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16455990", "score": "0.9518507", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Azur & Asmar: The Princes' Quest", "text": "Market at the Berlin International Film Festival. However, as of September 2008 – over a year later – no plans to release the film in the United States have been announced. Similarly, Seville Pictures announced that they would distribute the film to both English and French speakers in Canada, but as September 2008 they have only released a DVD with only the original French dialogue and no English subtitles. Many suspected that a United States release would have proved impossible due to Jénane's nipples being visible during a breastfeeding scene early on in the film (\"Kirikou and the Sorceress\" went", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10251100", "score": "0.9403928", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe", "text": "to the countryside, who find a wardrobe that leads to the fantasy world of Narnia. There they ally with the Lion Aslan (voiced by Liam Neeson) against the forces of Jadis, the White Witch (Tilda Swinton). The film was released on December 9, 2005, in both Europe and North America to positive reviews and was highly successful at the box office grossing more than $745 million worldwide, making it 2005's third most successful film. It won the 2005 Academy Award for Best Makeup and various other awards. An \"Extended Edition\" was released on December 12, 2006, and was only made", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5109319", "score": "0.93748885", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "The Magic Sword (1901 film)", "text": "loss, but suddenly a fairy appears to him, who displays a magic sword and tells him that he can use it to rescue his lady. Robert W. Paul was proudly satisfied with this film, since it has three separate scenes, something very unusual for 1901. And also, it is a film that is full of special effects, including the impressive moment in which a giant ogre appears suddenly on the merlons of a castle. Paul stated that \"the use of Anglo-Saxon figures and costumes can not fail to please English-speaking audiences, who have grown weary of foreign images of this", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15641559", "score": "0.93299186", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight", "text": "such things as lower Karma and unlock new abilities. While exploring the world, fighting enemies, and using special abilities, the player consumes Giga Calories, or Gcals for short. When the player runs out of Gcals, their HP begins to quickly and continuously deplete until they are KO'ed. The player can restore Gcals by consuming food items or devouring weakened enemies in a short [quick time event]. This creates \"garbage\" in the Hundred Knight's stomach that takes up space and must be expelled through the use of special items. The Revival PS4 port version improves on graphics and makes a new", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16412030", "score": "0.9273595", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Season of the Witch (2011 film)", "text": "\"Season of the Witch\" to be released on March 19, 2010, but five weeks before the date, the studio decided to pull the film from release. Lionsgate originally had an output deal with Relativity Media, but since Relativity had formed its own marketing and distribution arm in 2010, Relativity chose to release the film themselves and in October 2010 set the film's new release date for January 7, 2011. \"Season of the Witch\" was Relativity's first inhouse production. \"Season of the Witch\" in January 2010 had been rated PG-13 (parental guidance for children 13 and under) by the Motion Picture", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "12736908", "score": "0.92290515", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Witchboard 2: The Devil's Doorway", "text": "Witchboard 2: The Devil's Doorway Witchboard 2: The Devil's Doorway is a 1993 American horror film directed by Kevin S. Tenney. The film stars Ami Dolenz as an artist possessed by a ghost of a former occupant of her new apartment. The film is the sequel to the 1986 film \"Witchboard\". Paige (Ami Dolenz), a beautiful artist moves into a new apartment. She starts receiving messages through a Ouija board, claiming to be from the former occupant of her apartment, Susan Sydney. The former tenant claims she's been murdered, but there's no record of a murder or even her death.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7565717", "score": "0.9211472", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "The Witch (2015 film)", "text": "so the studios decided to give the film a wide theatrical release in the United States, on February 19, 2016. The film was released on Blu-ray and digital HD on May 17, 2016 in the USA. The discs' extras include outtakes, audio commentary, a documentary—\"The Witch: A Primal Folktale\", which summarizes the cast and crew's making of the film—and a 30-minute question-and-answer session filmed in Salem, Massachusetts featuring director Eggers, lead actress Anya Taylor-Joy, and historians Richard Trask and Brunonia Barry. \"The Witch\" grossed $25.1 million in the United States and Canada and $15.3 million in other territories for a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18586838", "score": "0.91949475", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings", "text": "game would feature no censorship between regions. \"The Witcher 2\" was also distributed through several digital distribution services such as Steam and CD Projekt Red's own service GOG.com. The version sold on GOG.com was the only version that did not have any DRM at release. On 3 May 2011, Namco Bandai confirmed that the Australian release of the game would be modified to meet the MA15+ rating. The edit specifically relates to a side quest in which Geralt is offered sex as a reward for completing the quest. The Australian version sees Geralt decline the offer automatically. Three weeks prior", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13810012", "score": "0.9191134", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2", "long_answer": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2 (魔女と百騎兵2, Majo to Hyakkihei 2) is an action role-playing video game developed and published by Nippon Ichi Software for the PlayStation 4. Featuring a different witch than its predecessor The Witch and the Hundred Knight, the game released in February 2017 in Japan and in March 2018 in North America and Europe.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Witch and the Hundred Knight 2 (魔女と百騎兵2, Majo to Hyakkihei 2) is an action role-playing video game developed and published by Nippon Ichi Software for the PlayStation 4. Featuring a different witch than its predecessor The Witch and the Hundred Knight, the game released in February 2017 in Japan and in March 2018 in North America and Europe.", "short_answers": [ "March 2018" ] }

[ "Bill Irwin", "Robin Williams", "McFerrin" ]

[ { "title": "Don't Worry, Be Happy", "text": "The comedic original music video for the song stars McFerrin, Robin Williams, and Bill Irwin, and is somewhat shorter than the album version.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Don't Worry Be Happy (Guy Sebastian song)", "text": "\"Don't Worry Be Happy\" has received 2013 APRA nominations for Most Played Australian Work and Pop Work of the Year. The video for \"Don't Worry Be Happy\" was filmed in Sydney, and was released to iTunes and other digital download sites on 21 November 2011. In the video Sebastian is seen as a businessman having a difficult day. He pours curdled milk over his breakfast cereal, steps out of his apartment building into a rain shower, and his day at the office is shown to be stressful. He walks down to the beach at lunch time appearing very disgruntled. As", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16078491", "score": "0.8856024", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Don't Worry Be Happy (play)", "text": "Don't Worry Be Happy (play) Don’t Worry Be Happy is a Marathi drama by Mihir Rajda, which was produced on stage in Mumbai, India, in 2016, starring Spruha Joshi and Umesh Kamat in lead roles. \"Don’t Worry Be Happy\" is produced by Nandu Kadam under the banner of Sonal Productions and directed by Adwait Dadarkar. \"Don’t Worry Be Happy\" is a gen-next drama which tells the problems of E-generation and tries to find solutions to it. The story of \"Don’t Worry Be Happy\" revolves around Akshay (Umesh Kamat) and Pranoti (Spruha Joshi), a 21st-century typical Marathi couple immersed in their", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19480452", "score": "0.78600276", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Don't Worry Be Happy (Guy Sebastian song)", "text": "Don't Worry Be Happy (Guy Sebastian song) \"Don't Worry Be Happy\" is a pop song written and performed by Australian recording artist Guy Sebastian. It is the lead single from Sebastian's seventh album \"Armageddon\". \"Don't Worry Be Happy\" was released digitally in Australia on 18 November 2011. It peaked at number five on the ARIA Singles Chart, and has reached 4× platinum certification. It was Sebastian's eighth of 11 top ten singles in Australia. In 2012 \"Don't Worry Be Happy\" was nominated for the ARIA Music Award for Single of the Year and was shortlisted for the APRA Song of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16078481", "score": "0.78573763", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Don't Worry Be Happy (Guy Sebastian song)", "text": "he begins to eat he looks across at the next bench and notices a sad obviously ill young girl sitting in a wheelchair next to her father. The businessman appears to come to the realisation that his day isn't as bad as it seemed. He puts down his food and runs into the ocean fully clothed, falling backwards into the water with a smile. The young girl breaks into a smile as well. Don't Worry Be Happy (Guy Sebastian song) \"Don't Worry Be Happy\" is a pop song written and performed by Australian recording artist Guy Sebastian. It is the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16078492", "score": "0.7644124", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Don't Worry Be Happy (Guy Sebastian song)", "text": "a bold new direction for Guy. The concept really is as simple as the message behind the song – just a basic reminder to celebrate the simple things in life.\" \"Don't Worry Be Happy\" debuted at number seven on the ARIA Singles Chart, and rose to its peak of number five after six weeks. It was Sebastian's eighth of 11 top ten singles in Australia. Although only released in mid November it was the sixth highest selling Australian artist single of 2011. It was also the 11th highest selling Australian artist single in 2012. The song spent 19 weeks in", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16078489", "score": "0.7456752", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Don't Worry Be Happy (play)", "text": "and nominations in several categories with praise for Spruha-Umesh's acting. According to Stylewhack.com, \"the drama nevertheless is heart warming, laughter stimulating and of course giving goosebumps during certain scenes. You can feel the audience’s pulse as they laugh, whistle, clap and sob with Akshay and Pranoti.\" Don't Worry Be Happy (play) Don’t Worry Be Happy is a Marathi drama by Mihir Rajda, which was produced on stage in Mumbai, India, in 2016, starring Spruha Joshi and Umesh Kamat in lead roles. \"Don’t Worry Be Happy\" is produced by Nandu Kadam under the banner of Sonal Productions and directed by Adwait", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "19480454", "score": "0.74529433", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "Don't Worry Be Happy (Guy Sebastian song)", "text": "the ARIA Top 50, including ten weeks in the top ten and was certified 4× platinum. \"Don't Worry Be Happy\" was nominated for the ARIA Single of the Year Award. In 2012 this award replaced the industry voted Song of the Year, and the nominees were the ten highest selling Australian singles released during the eligibility period, with the winner decided by public vote. In 2012 \"Dont Worry Be Happy\" was shortlisted for the APRA Song of the Year. This award is peer judged with the shortlist, final five nominees and winner voted for by the songwiting members of APRA.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16078490", "score": "0.74520624", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Don't Worry Be Happy (Guy Sebastian song)", "text": "in its second week. It peaked at number four in national radio airplay in early 2012. Sebastian performed the song on the Grand Final episode of Australia's \"The X Factor\". He performed a medley of his previous single \"Who's That Girl\" and \"Don't Worry Be Happy\" at the 2011 ARIA Awards on 27 November 2011. Sebastian also performed the song on the Seven Network's morning program \"Sunrise\" on 1 December 2011. \"Don't Worry Be Happy\" was used by the network during December 2011 and January 2012 in commercials to promote their 2012 programs. The Armageddon Tour ran from June and", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16078486", "score": "0.74186814", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Don't Worry Be Happy (Guy Sebastian song)", "text": "more organic vibe to it. I wanted to be a little more musical with it.\" When Tijs observed that the song was very different from the songs currently filling the charts Sebastian replied, \"It was a bit of a scary release because there's no mention of a club [...] It's a non love song and a non club song, so I was like 'Maybe I'm treading on some not successful ground or something', but hopefully it will go alright.\" \"Don't Worry Be Happy\" was serviced to radio on 11 November 2011, and was the second most added song to radio", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16078485", "score": "0.73194826", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Don't Worry Be Happy (Guy Sebastian song)", "text": "it's such a famous song, and even though this is a completely different song it says it as it is and works with the song\". Sebastian said that while he was a fan of the Eurodance music that is so popular, and loved the production value of it, and had even used it himself in his previous single \"Who's That Girl\", he wanted a more organic sound with this song, \"I've sampled live toms, the only synthie parts are some of the ducking basses that are in there. There's real piano and real guitars. [...] I wanted to have a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16078484", "score": "0.72818285", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Don't Worry Be Happy (Guy Sebastian song)", "text": "the Year. It has received 2013 APRA nominations for Most Played Australian Work and Pop Work of the Year. \"Don't Worry Be Happy\" is an uptempo pop song Sebastian said he was inspired to write after experiencing the anger of a fellow motorist while driving in Los Angeles. He told \"The Daily Telegraph\" music editor Kathy McCabe, \"I thought I knew the guy so as he pulled alongside me, I smiled and copped a tirade of abuse. I was in a really good mood because I was on the way to play cricket and while we were batting, I wrote", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16078482", "score": "0.71989626", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Don't Worry, Be Happy", "text": "the first a cappella song to reach the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and one critic noted it is a \"formula for facing life's trials.\" The song is ranked No. 31 on VH1's \"100 Greatest One Hit Wonders of the 80s\" and also appears on \"Rolling Stone\"s list of the 15 Best Whistling Songs of All Time. At the 1989 Grammy Awards, \"Don't Worry, Be Happy\" won the awards for Song of the Year, Record of the Year, and Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. Versions of \"Don't Worry, Be Happy\" have been recorded by several artists. The Katsimiha Brothers made a", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4430900", "score": "0.71230364", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Don't Worry Be Happy (Guy Sebastian song)", "text": "it. A great little tune about chilling out and enjoying life.\" Music site auspOp said the song was as \"bright as sunshine\". David Lim, a music journalist and announcer on radio station Joy 94.9 wrote, \"It's feel good, sun-soaked and universally appealing in a way that you'd expect for an artist of his brand and following to be. Sonically, it's very pleasing to hear him stick to a more Bruno Mars-style pop. The warmer musical textures compliments Guy's voice like you won't believe [...] 'Don't Worry Be Happy' is not here to snatch wigs, alter pop music trends, or fanfare", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16078488", "score": "0.7012431", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Happy to Be on an Island in the Sun", "text": "Happy to Be on an Island in the Sun \"Happy to Be on an Island in the Sun\" is a song by Greek singer Demis Roussos. It was released as a single in 1975. The song was included on Roussos' 1976 album \"Happy to Be...\". The song was written by David Lewis. The recording was produced by Georges Petsilas. The single reached no. 5 in the UK. 7\" single Philips 6042 033 (1975) 7\" single RTB / Philips S-53.916 (1976, Yugoslavia) 7\" single Philips 6042 091 (1975, Germany) Roussos recorded a German version of this song (titled \"Komm in den", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "20400308", "score": "0.694314", "original_retrieval_index": 13 }, { "title": "Don't Worry Be Happy (Guy Sebastian song)", "text": "July 2012, and the album was released on October 12. Vic Cardinali from music site Play It on Repeat said of the song, \"It's a feel good, bright, upbeat dance pop song about being happy about what you've got in life [...] Guy easily sings over a bright, sparkling beat that I personally cannot help but move to (I tried. I really just sat here and said 'No. I'm not going to move.' — and found myself bobbing my head and hips back and forth).\" Ellen Wapstra from [V] Music wrote, \"Okay, if you need a pick-me-up this should do", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16078487", "score": "0.6744699", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Be Happy (song)", "text": "number six on the R&B singles chart, becoming her fifth top-ten single on that particular chart. The music video is well known as it was directed from September 16–17, 1994 by Diddy and Hype Williams, shows Mary singing in a white background amidst other things, including stand abroad of a mountain creek. It reached the top 40 in the UK, reaching number thirty on the UK Singles Chart, staying on the charts for five weeks. Upon its release, Blige performed the song (alongside cuts from her second album \"My Life\") on shows such as \"Friday Night Videos\", \"The Tonight Show", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11701142", "score": "0.67272896", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "I'm in Miami Bitch", "text": "Row Trick\". The music video for \"I'm in Miami Trick\" was uploaded to YouTube by LMFAO on October 5, 2009. The music video exists in an explicit and a clean version where both features several girls in polka-dot bikinis and amongst those the porn star Jenny Hendrix. In early 2009, Chicago DJ/producer 'DJ Inphinity' created a bootleg using the Silvio Ecomo remix of DJ Chuckie's 2008 hit \"Let the Bass Kick\" and the a cappella of LMFAO, creating \"Bass Kick in Miami\". The bootleg was spread across the internet and became a massive success at the Miami Winter Music Conference", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13437713", "score": "0.67023313", "original_retrieval_index": 17 }, { "title": "Friday I'm in Love", "text": "Friday I'm in Love \"Friday I'm in Love\" is a song by British rock band The Cure. It is the second single taken from the album \"Wish\" (1992), and was a worldwide hit. It won the award for European Viewer's Choice for Best Music Video at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards. Robert Smith, the song's primary writer, described it in 1992 as both \"a throw your hands in the air, let's get happy kind of record\" and \"a very naïve, happy type of pop song.\" During the writing process, Robert Smith became convinced that he had inadvertently stolen the", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7090596", "score": "0.6690184", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Happy Now (Take That song)", "text": "announcement was made that a video for the track would premiere on the same night at 10:30pm. The video premiered on digital music channels on 6 April 2011, which subsequently was the same date that the track was placed on the BBC Radio 1 B-Playlist, on 6 April 2011. In the United Kingdom, the single was only released digitally, though a promotional physical release of the single, complete with remixes from Paul Oakenfold and Benny Benassi, was made available in Europe. The official music video for \"Happy Now\" was recorded at the BBC Television Studios during February 2011. The video", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "15451202", "score": "0.6682559", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Was (Not Was)", "text": "Special guests included Stevie Salas, John Patitucci, Frank Sinatra, Jr., and a writing credit for Elvis Costello. Artist/animator Christoph Simon created videos to accompany some of their stranger album tracks, such as \"What Up Dog?\", \"Dad I'm in Jail,\" and the Tom Waits-style \"Earth to Doris.\" The videos appeared on MTV's \"Liquid Television\" and in various film festivals, including the Spike & Mike festival. Around this time, the Was Brothers developed separate careers as producers, film scorers, and music supervisors. The group followed up with \"Are You Okay?\" in 1990, spearheaded by a cover of \"Papa Was a Rollin' Stone\".", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3814594", "score": "0.66724753", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Only Happy When It Rains", "text": "by MTV as a \"Buzz clip\", which would guarantee heavy rotation on their network. The video begins a short prologue sequence with several children dressed in animal costumes playing in an overcast field, before cutting to Garbage upon the commencement of the song. Garbage are located in a litter-strewn warehouse, where the male members of the band destroy vinyl records, videotape and musical instruments as Manson performs to the camera. Some sequences feature Manson performing the song while on her own in dilapidated toilet stalls. The video ends with inter-cut footage of Manson joining the children on the field. The", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5595248", "score": "0.6644371", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "You Don't Have to Worry (Mary J. Blige song)", "text": "and Tony Dofat. The music video, which was directed by F. Gary Gray was filmed at various locations in New York City in the summer of 1993, with Mary performing in a jersey with a New York Yankees cap and baggy jeans, and scenes features Mary wearing an all denim suit with matching boots performing on top of a car in front of a large crowd, as well her wearing an orange jacket. The song's original version which appears in the video, has a slightly alternate difference towards the one on the soundtrack, Blige's vocals throughout the song is multitracked,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11075276", "score": "0.66149807", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Flipp", "text": "now including Greg Eidem on bass, and Eric Bretl on drums, shooting a music video for the song as a way to test out how Arens' friend's newly purchased light show looks on camera. While in New York, Arens, along with a VHS of the music video, decided to sneak into the MTV offices by way of a tour group and pretended he had a meeting with MTV programming director Vicky Augiel. Impressed with his ambitious ways, Augiel watched the music video and felt it was one of the greatest home made videos she had ever viewed. The video subsequently", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "9603599", "score": "0.66048145", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "Strictly Physical (song)", "text": "September the full track had leaked to the Internet via radio. The music video for \"Strictly Physical\" was filmed between 27–29 August 2007 in Germany. It premiered on the band's official website on 12 September and made its television debut the following day on German music network VIVA's show \"VIVA Live\". At the beginning of the video, Bahar Kızıl, who is standing in front of a mirrow, Senna Guemmour, who is lying on a bed, and Mandy Capristo, who is sitting on a chair, are posing for a photographer in a photoshoot. They are dressed in light colored clothing, mostly", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10797932", "score": "0.6590934", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Don't Worry, Be Happy", "text": "the same year and peaked at No. 1 on September 24, 1988 displacing \"Sweet Child o' Mine\" by Guns N' Roses. The song also peaked at No. 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Tracks chart and No. 7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart. The song was also a hit in the United Kingdom and on the UK Singles Chart, the song reached number 2 during its fifth week on the chart (kept from the top spot by Whitney Houston's \"One Moment in Time\"). In Canada, the song reached No. 1 on its 8th week. The song is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "4430899", "score": "0.658272", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "No Worries (Lil Wayne song)", "text": "3, 2012, as the second single from his upcoming tenth studio album \"I Am Not a Human Being II\" (2013). Complex named the song #50 on their list of best songs of 2012. The music video premiered on MTV on November 21, 2012. The music video premiered on BET's 106 & Park on November 26, 2012, and was directed by Colin Tilley. The video pays homage to the film \"Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas\". It features a cameo appearance from rapper Birdman. No Worries (Lil Wayne song) \"No Worries\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Lil", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "16804477", "score": "0.656764", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Nothing Is Sound", "text": "on the making of the album. Switchfoot's first music video from this album is \"Stars\", which was filmed almost entirely underwater. Switchfoot has since released a live video version of \"Stars\", and another two videos for the album's second single \"We Are One Tonight\". The band also filmed a video for the song \"Happy Is a Yuppie Word\" in anticipation of its being released as the first single. However, it was never formally released, but was later included on the DVD \"Switchfootage 2\" along with a video for The Blues. In addition to the mainstay tracks listed above, the album", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5236145", "score": "0.6563171", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Be Careful (Sparkle song)", "text": "the song was released it had already been played on the radio more than 40 million times in the US. Due to a Billboard rule the song could not chart on the regular \"Billboard Hot 100 Singles Chart\" in America. The music video is directed by R. Kelly. The video shows a regular African American family in the less fortunate places. European CD-single American 12\" Vinyl / CD-single \"A-side\" B-side Be Careful (Sparkle song) \"Be Careful\" is a 1998 R&B song by American singer Sparkle from her 1998 debut album, \"Sparkle\". The song reached number three on the \"Billboard\" Rhythmic", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18433328", "score": "0.6558517", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Happy (Leona Lewis song)", "text": "of the top 50 the following week, it then re-entered back at number 44 one month later and so far climbed to number 26. It also charted in New Zealand at 35, and in the Japan Hot 100 \"Happy\" peaked at number seven. The video for \"Happy\" was filmed in Cuba and directed by Jake Nava on 29 September 2009. It premiered on UK music channel \"The Box\" on 17 October 2009. At the start of the video, Lewis is shown smiling at a wedding. In the next scenes, she meets a man and, eventually, they become friends, but she", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "13753396", "score": "0.65528405", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "Don't Worry, Be Happy", "long_answer": "The comedic original music video for the song stars McFerrin, Robin Williams, and Bill Irwin, and is somewhat shorter than the album version.", "chunked_long_answer": "The comedic original music video for the song stars McFerrin, Robin Williams, and Bill Irwin, and is somewhat shorter than the album version.", "short_answers": [ "Bill Irwin", "McFerrin", "Robin Williams" ] }

[ "24", "24 judges" ]

[ { "title": "List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India", "text": "This is a list of judges of the Supreme Court of India, the highest court in the Republic of India. The list is ordered according to seniority. There are currently 24 judges, against a maximum possible strength of 31. As per the Constitution of India, judges of the Supreme Court judges retire at age 65.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Supreme Court of India", "text": "However, in an interview in June 2018 with NDTV, Justice Chelameswar revealed that most Supreme court judges including him work around 14 hours per day, and continue to work for an average of 7 hours per day even during vacations. He further reminded that while the Supreme court of United States delivers judgement on just 120 cases while every judge in the Supreme court of India delivers judgements on 1000-1500 cases per year. Supreme Court of India The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2390798", "score": "1.3157187", "original_retrieval_index": 0 }, { "title": "Bombay High Court", "text": "Senior Counsel Iqbal Chagla. In 2011, a couple of petitions came to be filed challenging housing societies built by judges upon plots of land reserved for other purposes. The court has a Sanctioned strength of 94 (Permanent:71, Additional:23) judges. The court has a judge to people ratio of 1 to 1.61 million. The total pending cases in High Court are about 4,64,074. The Judge to case ratio is 1:6630. The strength of judges in Maharashtra as on 01.01.2018 was 70 High Court Judges, 399 District Judges, 484 Senior Civil Judges and 1267 Junior Civil Judges against the sanctioned strength of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2507571", "score": "1.2923888", "original_retrieval_index": 1 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of India", "text": "court as on 1 November 2017 is 55,259 which includes 32,160 admission matters (miscellaneous) and 23,099 regular hearing matters. In May, 2014, former Chief Justice of India, Justice R.M. Lodha, proposed to make Indian judiciary work throughout the year (instead of the present system of having long vacations, specially in the higher courts) in order to reduce pendency of cases in Indian courts; however, as per this proposal there is not going to be any increase in the number of working days or working hours of any of the judges and it only meant that different judges would be going", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2390791", "score": "1.287219", "original_retrieval_index": 2 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of India", "text": "Supreme Court of India The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of judicial review. Consisting of the Chief Justice of India and a maximum of 30 other judges, it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions. As the final court of appeal of the country, it takes up appeals primarily against verdicts of the high courts of various states of the Union and other courts and tribunals. It safeguards fundamental rights of citizens and settles", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2390746", "score": "1.285452", "original_retrieval_index": 3 }, { "title": "Allahabad High Court", "text": "water fountain to the High court. The seat of the court is at Prayagraj. Allahabad High Court maintains a permanent circuit bench at Lucknow, the administrative capital of the state. The maximum number of serving judges is 160, the highest in India. Justice Govind Mathur is the current Chief Justice of the Court. The court has a Sanctioned strength of 160 (Permanent:76, Additional:84) judges. The strength of judges in Allahabad high court as on 22.11.2018 was 109 High Court Judges. Judges elevated to the Supreme Court of India- Judges transferred from the Allahabad High Court- Private journals that report Allahabad", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5949988", "score": "1.2806311", "original_retrieval_index": 4 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of India", "text": "of India provided for a supreme court with a chief justice and 7 judges. In the early years, a full bench of the supreme court sat together to hear the cases presented before them. As the work of the court increased and cases began to accumulate, parliament increased the number of judges(including CJI) from the original 8 in 1950 to 11 in 1956, 14 in 1960, 18 in 1978, 26 in 1986 and 31 in 2008 (current strength). As the number of the judges has increased, they sit in smaller benches of two or three (referred to as a division", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2390755", "score": "1.275333", "original_retrieval_index": 5 }, { "title": "High Court of Gujarat", "text": "judge can resign by writing to the President of India. Terms of appointment of judges cannot be altered to their disadvantage after their appointment. The following are qualifications to be judge of Gujarat High Court. and The present strength of Gujarat High court is 31 against sanctioned strength of 42. High Court of Gujarat The Gujarat High Court is the High Court of the state of Gujarat. It was established on 1 May 1960 under the \"Bombay State Re-organisation Act, 1960\" after the state of Gujarat split from Bombay State. The seat of the court is Ahmedabad. The present strength", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5950375", "score": "1.2570966", "original_retrieval_index": 6 }, { "title": "Madras High Court", "text": "Constitution of India. It consists of 74 judges and a chief justice who are in charge of the general policy adopted in the administration of justice. In September 2016, the centre government forwarded names of 15 new judges to the President for his signature on their warrants of appointment. Of the 15, nine are from among lawyers and six from the subordinate judiciary. Justice V.K. Tahilramani of the Bombay High Court has been appointed as Chief Justice of Madras High Court, though she is yet to assume office, after Justice Indira Banerjee was elevated to the Supreme Court of India.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5686549", "score": "1.2487096", "original_retrieval_index": 7 }, { "title": "Bombay High Court", "text": "2642 judges. Thus the judge to people ratio of Maharashtra is approximately 1:55000. The Law Commission in its 120th report has recommended a ratio of 1:20000. As on 01.03.2018 the number of practicing Advocates in Maharashtra is 95,378. As per National Judicial Data Grid, the total pending cases in District and Taluka Courts in Maharashtra are 33,57,582. On an average 1,31,000 cases are filed every month and 1,21,000 cases are disposed monthly. Judges elevated to the Supreme Court of India. Judges transferred from the Bombay High Court. The court has jurisdiction over the states of Maharashtra, Goa and the Union", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2507572", "score": "1.243005", "original_retrieval_index": 8 }, { "title": "Judicial activism in India", "text": "Allahabad High Court rejected the candidature of Indira Gandhi. The introduction of public interest litigation by Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer further expanded its scope. Judicial activism in India The Supreme Court of India () is the highest judicial forum and the final court of appeal of India, established under Constitution of India, according to which the Supreme Court is the highest constitutional court and acts as the guardian of Constitution. India has an integrated and yet independent judiciary. Since independence, the judiciary has played a very active role in dispensing justice since the \"A K Gopalan vs State of Madras\"", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18076749", "score": "1.2324891", "original_retrieval_index": 9 }, { "title": "Government of India", "text": "The supreme court is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review. Consisting of the Chief Justice of India and 30 sanctioned other judges, it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions. As the final court of appeal of the country, it takes up appeals primarily against verdicts of the high courts of various states of the Union and other courts and tribunals. It safeguards fundamental rights of citizens and settles disputes between various governments in the country. As", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2873147", "score": "1.2324097", "original_retrieval_index": 10 }, { "title": "Government of Kerala", "text": "other judges who are appointed by the President of India. At present, the sanctioned Judge strength of the High Court of Kerala is 27 Permanent Judges including the Chief Justice H.L. Dattu and two additional judges. Every judge including the Chief Justice is appointed by the President of India by Warrant under his hand and seal. Every permanent and additional judge will continue in office until the age of 62. The High Court of Kerala is located in Kochi and there are courts in every district centres and some municipal centres. Like in other Indian states, the Executive arm of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "11010734", "score": "1.2292526", "original_retrieval_index": 11 }, { "title": "Judicial activism in India", "text": "Judicial activism in India The Supreme Court of India () is the highest judicial forum and the final court of appeal of India, established under Constitution of India, according to which the Supreme Court is the highest constitutional court and acts as the guardian of Constitution. India has an integrated and yet independent judiciary. Since independence, the judiciary has played a very active role in dispensing justice since the \"A K Gopalan vs State of Madras\" case (1950) followed by the Shankari Prasad case, etc. However, the judiciary remained submissive until the 1960s but its assertiveness started in 1973 when", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "18076748", "score": "1.2267395", "original_retrieval_index": 12 }, { "title": "Judiciary of India", "text": "on 2 July 1862, whereas the Allahabad High Court is the largest, having a sanctioned strength of judges at 160. High courts which handle a large number of cases of a particular region, have permanent \"benches\" (or a branch of the court) established there. For litigants of remote regions, 'circuit benches' are set up, which work for those days in a month when judges visit. The District Courts of India are established by the State governments of India for every district or for one or more districts together taking into account the number of cases, population distribution in the district.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10046882", "score": "1.2222755", "original_retrieval_index": 14 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of India", "text": "India. In 2010, Justice S. H. Kapadia coming from a Parsi minority community became the Chief Justice of India. In 2017, Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar became the first Sikh Chief Justice of India. Indu Malhotra is the first women justice to be selected directly from bar. The constitution seeks to ensure the independence of supreme court judges in various ways. Per of directive principles of state policy, the state shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive. Independence of the judiciary, the supremacy of the constitution and rule of law are the features of the basic structure of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2390758", "score": "1.2204597", "original_retrieval_index": 15 }, { "title": "Judiciary of India", "text": "miserly 0.2 per cent of the gross domestic product. The judge-population ratio is 10.5 to one million, which should be 50 to one million. The government has been the largest, single party litigating before the courts, and has kept adding cases to the over-burdened courts despite losing most, and then on losing, has relentlessly taken them to the next court, much of this being avoidable, according to the Law Commission The vast number of cases pending in the Supreme Court as well as the other lower courts has defeated the very purpose of the judicial system. For justice delayed, is", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10046890", "score": "1.2197037", "original_retrieval_index": 16 }, { "title": "Indian High Courts Act 1861", "text": "one High Court at Guwahati which serves Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Nagaland. Composition: In every High Court, there is a Chief Justice and many other judges whose number is defined by the President of India. Appointment of the Judges: The Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the President with the consultation of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the Governor of the State. The other judges are appointed by the will of President, Governor and the Chief Justice of High Court. Qualifications for the Judges (a) He should be a citizen of India. (b)", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17048218", "score": "1.2063391", "original_retrieval_index": 18 }, { "title": "Kerala High Court", "text": "criminal matters, and the power to answer references to it under some statutes. The High Court has the superintendence and visitorial jurisdiction over all courts and tribunals of inferior jurisdiction covered under its territorial jurisdiction. At present, the sanctioned Judge strength of the High Court of Kerala is 27 Permanent Judges including the Chief Justice and 20 Additional Judges. Depending on the importance and nature of the question to be adjudicated, the judges sit as Single (one judge), Division (two judges), Full (three judges) or such other benches of larger strengths. The foundation stone for the new multi-storied building now", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5950588", "score": "1.1969149", "original_retrieval_index": 19 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of India", "text": "Inquiry (Amendment) Bill 2008 in parliament for setting up of a panel called the National Judicial Council, headed by the Chief Justice of India, that will probe into allegations of corruption and misconduct by High Court and supreme court judges. According to supreme court newsletter, there are 58,519 cases pending in the supreme court, out of which 37,385 are pending for more than a year, at the end of 2011. Excluding connected cases, there are still 33,892 pending cases. As per the latest pendency data made available by the supreme court, the total number of pending cases in the supreme", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2390790", "score": "1.1967049", "original_retrieval_index": 20 }, { "title": "Judiciary of India", "text": "of High Court. The precise territorial jurisdiction of each High Court varies Judges in a high court are appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, Chief Justice of High Court and the governor of the state. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that High Court, whichever is higher. The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in the country, established", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "10046881", "score": "1.194618", "original_retrieval_index": 21 }, { "title": "Karnataka High Court", "text": "be filed in the Karnataka High court and the case was heard in the very building that was supposed to be demolished. In August 1984, the judges M. N. Venkatachaliah and Vittal Rao pronounced a judgement that stayed the demolition. The High Court has a sanctioned judge strength of 62. Many judges have presided in the High Court with four of them including E. S. Venkataramiah, M. N. Venkatachaliah, S. Rajendra Babu and H.L. Dattu, going on to become the Chief Justice of India and others including Kalmanje Jagannatha Shetty, N. Venkatachala, R. V. Raveendran, Shivaraj Patil, Venkate Gopala Gowda,", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5950534", "score": "1.1927968", "original_retrieval_index": 22 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of India", "text": "bench)—coming together in larger benches of five or more (referred to as a constitution bench) when required to settle fundamental questions of law. A bench may refer a case before it to a larger bench, should the need arise. A citizen of India not exceeding 65 years age as per of the constitution who has been is eligible to be recommended for appointment, a judge of the supreme court. In practice, judges of the supreme court have been selected so far, mostly from amongst judges of the high courts. Barely seven justices—S. M. Sikri, S. Chandra Roy, Kuldip Singh, Santosh", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2390756", "score": "1.1906198", "original_retrieval_index": 23 }, { "title": "Supreme court", "text": "In India, the Supreme Court of India was created on January 28, 1950 after adoption of the Constitution. Article 141 of the Constitution of India states that the law declared by Supreme Court is to be binding on all Courts within the territory of India. It is the highest court in India and has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the Constitution and decide questions of national law (including local bylaws). The Supreme Court is also vested with the power of judicial review to ensure the application of the rule of law. Note that within the constitutional framework of India, Jammu", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "7671900", "score": "1.1905438", "original_retrieval_index": 24 }, { "title": "K. M. Joseph", "text": "at number 42 in the All India High Court Judges’ Seniority list and there are presently 11 Chief Justices of various High Courts who are senior to him. If his name is returned, the Collegium can reiterate his name which will make it incumbent upon the government to issue a warrant for his appointment to the Supreme Court. On the same day of government’s refusal to appoint Justice Joseph as the Supreme Court Judge, the Supreme Court Bar Association moved a petition signed by 100 lawyers seeking a stay on the warrant appointing Indira Malhotra as a Supreme Court judge", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "17018956", "score": "1.1888897", "original_retrieval_index": 25 }, { "title": "Madras High Court", "text": "largest number of courts in Asia. The current Chief Justice of the Madras High Court is Hon'ble Justice Vijaya Kamlesh Tahilramani. it currently has 57 judges, including the Chief Justice, who exercise civil, criminal, writ, testamentary and admiralty jurisdiction. The Madurai Bench has been functioning since 2004. The vestiges of the colonial High Court continue to characterise the premises till date. In a rare tradition which is today a distinction, Judges of the Madras High Court are still led by orderlies who bear a ceremonial mace made of silver. This is a practice so old and Anglican that most High", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "5686559", "score": "1.1878532", "original_retrieval_index": 26 }, { "title": "Bombay High Court", "text": "been Chief Justice of India. The court has Original Jurisdiction in addition to its Appellate. The decisions of this court can be appealed \"only\" to the Supreme Court of India. The Mumbai High Court has a sanctioned strength of 94 judges (71 permanent, 23 additional). The building is part of The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai, which was added to the list of World Heritage Sites in 2018. The Bombay High Court was one of the three High Courts in India established at the Presidency Towns by Letters patent granted by Queen Victoria, bearing date June 26, 1862.", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2507565", "score": "1.1831213", "original_retrieval_index": 27 }, { "title": "Chief Justice of India", "text": "been laid down in \"The Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Act, 1958\". This remuneration was revised in 2006-2008, after the sixth central pay commission's recommendation. Chief Justice of India The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the head of the judiciary of India and the Supreme Court of India. The CJI also heads their administrative functions. As head of the supreme court, the chief justice is responsible for the allocation of cases and appointment of constitutional benches which deal with important matters of law. In accordance with Article 145 of the Constitution of India and the Supreme", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "3220920", "score": "1.1739501", "original_retrieval_index": 28 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of India", "text": "that the state/judiciary shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order in which social, economic and political justice is animated/informed in all institutions of life. B. R. Ambedkar clarified as given below in the Constituent Assembly debates on high lighting its inevitable implementation. As per the constitution, as held by the court in the Three Judges Cases – (1982, 1993, 1998), a judge is appointed to the supreme court by the president on the recommendation of the \"collegium\" — a closed group of the Chief Justice of India, the four most senior judges of", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2390760", "score": "1.1702775", "original_retrieval_index": 29 }, { "title": "Supreme Court of India", "text": "being on 26 January 1950. It replaced both the Federal Court of India and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council which were then at the apex of the Indian court system. Supreme court initially had its seat at Chamber of Princes in the parliament building where the previous Federal Court of India sat from 1937 to 1950. The first Chief Justice of India was H. J. Kania. In 1958, the supreme court moved to its present premises. Originally, the Constitution of India envisaged a supreme court with a chief justice and seven judges; leaving it to parliament to increase", "hasanswer": false, "isgold": false, "id": "2390749", "score": "1.1618752", "original_retrieval_index": 30 } ]

{ "title": "List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India", "long_answer": "This is a list of judges of the Supreme Court of India, the highest court in the Republic of India. The list is ordered according to seniority. There are currently 24 judges, against a maximum possible strength of 31. As per the Constitution of India, judges of the Supreme Court judges retire at age 65.", "chunked_long_answer": "This is a list of judges of the Supreme Court of India, the highest court in the Republic of India. The list is ordered according to seniority. There are currently 24 judges, against a maximum possible strength of 31. As per the Constitution of India, judges of the Supreme Court judges retire at age 65.", "short_answers": [ "24", "24 judges" ] }