Datasets:

OllieStanley

/

oa_dolly_15k

like 2

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "brainstorming", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "brainstorming", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "information_extraction", "CONTEXT": "The 56.5 acres (22.9 ha) park is an example of a Depression Era public works project that was constructed between 1936 and 1938 by the Works Progress Administration (WPA).[2] James Depew Edmundson, an Iowa attorney who grew up in Oskaloosa, gave a $20,000 bequest to the city to establish a park. City engineer Don Russell saw the New Deal program as an opportunity to add value to the project. The park is the work of landscape architect Ray F. Wyrick. Its structures were designed in the rustic style that was promoted by the National Park Service between 1916 and 1942 for parks supported by all levels of government." }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "information_extraction", "CONTEXT": "Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby,[1][2] was an American politician and lawyer. He served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964 and as a U.S. senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination. Like his brothers John F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy, he was a prominent member of the Democratic Party and is viewed by some historians as an icon of modern American liberalism.[3]" }

{ "CATEGORY": "brainstorming", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "closed_qa", "CONTEXT": "Ingwelala is a private stakeholder nature reserve on the bank of the Nhlaralumi River[1] in the heart of the lowveld, about 65 km from the town of Hoedspruit. The reserve of some 3,000 hectares forms part of the Bushbuckridge Municipality, and adjoins the Umbabat Nature Reserve and the unfenced Kruger National Park.\n\nIngwelala includes the following game farms:\n\nArgyle – 1,499 ha registered as Ingwelala Shareblock Ltd.\nBuffelsbed – 1,018 ha registered as Buffelsbed Shareblock Ltd.\nGoedehoop – 372 ha registered as Ingwelala Holdings Ltd.\nSi Bon – 257 ha registered as Si Bon Property Holdings Ltd" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "brainstorming", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "summarization", "CONTEXT": "Art Deco, short for the French Arts Décoratifs, and sometimes just called Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design, that first appeared in France in the 1910s (just before World War I), and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920s and 1930s. Through styling and design of the exterior and interior of anything from large structures to small objects, including how people look (clothing, fashion and jewelry), Art Deco has influenced bridges, buildings (from skyscrapers to cinemas), ships, ocean liners, trains, cars, trucks, buses, furniture, and everyday objects like radios and vacuum cleaners." }

{ "CATEGORY": "information_extraction", "CONTEXT": "SoftBank Group Corp. (ソフトバンクグループ株式会社, SofutoBanku Gurūpu Kabushiki-gaisha)[3] is a Japanese multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered in Minato, Tokyo which focuses on investment management.[4] The Group primarily invests in companies operating in technology that offer goods and services to customers in a multitude of markets and industries ranging from the internet to automation.[5] With over $100 billion in capital at its onset, SoftBank’s Vision Fund is the world's largest technology-focused venture capital fund. Fund investors included sovereign wealth funds from countries in the Middle East.[6][7][8]The company is known for the leadership of its controversial[9][10][11][12] founder and largest shareholder Masayoshi Son.[13][14][15] Its investee companies, subsidiaries and divisions, including several unprofitable unicorns,[16] operate in robotics, artificial intelligence, logistics, transportation, proptech, real estate, hospitality, broadband, fixed-line telecommunications, e-commerce, information technology, finance, media and marketing, and other areas.[17] Among its biggest and most internationally recognizable current stockholdings are sizeable stakes in Arm[18] (semiconductors), Alibaba[19] (e-commerce), OYO Rooms[20] (hospitality), WeWork[21] (coworking) and Deutsche Telekom[22] (telecommunications). SoftBank Corporation, its spun-out affiliate and former flagship business, is the third-largest wireless carrier in Japan, with 45.621 million subscribers as of March 2021.[23]SoftBank was ranked in the 2017 Forbes Global 2000 list as the 36th largest public company in the world[24] and the second-largest publicly traded company in Japan after Toyota.[25]The logo of SoftBank is based on the flag of the Kaientai, a naval trading company founded in 1865, near the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, by Sakamoto Ryōma.[26]Although SoftBank does not affiliate itself to any traditional keiretsu, it has close ties with Mizuho Financial Group, its primary lender.[27]" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "brainstorming", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "summarization", "CONTEXT": "The Masters is the first major championship of the year. Since 1948, its final round has been scheduled for the second Sunday of April, with several exceptions.\n\nThe Masters has the smallest field of the four golf major championships.\n\nThe Masters is an invitation only tournament.\n\nPrevious Champions are eligible to play for life." }

{ "CATEGORY": "closed_qa", "CONTEXT": "The preconditioning for the financial crisis were complex and multi-causal.[5][6][7] Almost two decades prior, the U.S. Congress had passed legislation encouraging financing for affordable housing.[8] However, in 1999, parts of the Glass-Steagall legislation, which had been adopted in 1933, were repealed, permitting financial institutions to commingle their commercial (risk-averse) and proprietary trading (risk-taking) operations.[9] Arguably the largest contributor to the conditions necessary for financial collapse was the rapid development in predatory financial products which targeted low-income, low-information homebuyers who largely belonged to racial minorities.[10] This market development went unattended by regulators and thus caught the U.S. government by surprise.[11]" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "information_extraction", "CONTEXT": "The twelve-member basketball selection committee is made up of athletic directors and conference commissioners throughout Division I men's and women's athletics with separate committees for the men's and women's tournaments. The committees consist of one member selected from each of the five autonomy conferences and three members selected from the seven highest-ranked nonautonomy conferences based on basketball success. The remaining four members are selected from the 20 other conferences. All appointments are for five years.[1] Historically the men's selection committee consisted of all men, and the women's selection committee consisted of all women. However, recently women have been serving on the men’s committee (including Judy Rose, Lynn Hickey, Janet Cone, and current member Bernadette McGlade), and men have been serving on the women’s committee (including Richard Ensor and current member Jeff Konya). The tournament selection is only part of the committee members' duties; the panels meet year-round (in-person or through conference calls) to discuss the tournament and its administration, evaluate teams, assign tournament game officials, and determine future tournament sites." }

{ "CATEGORY": "information_extraction", "CONTEXT": "The addition of pineapple to the traditional mix of tomato sauce and cheese, along with either ham or bacon, later became popular locally and eventually became a staple offering of pizzerias on a global scale. The name of this creation is, in fact, actually not directly inspired by the U.S. state of Hawaii at all; Panopoulos chose the name Hawaiian after the brand of canned pineapple they were using at the time." }

{ "CATEGORY": "information_extraction", "CONTEXT": "William Crump or Crompe (born by 1479 – 1516 or later), of Canterbury, Kent, was an English politician." }

{ "CATEGORY": "creative_writing", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "summarization", "CONTEXT": "Tom Billeter (born February 12, 1961) is an American college basketball coach, currently the head coach at Augustana University in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. He previously has been the head coach at North Dakota State University, as well as holding assistant coaching roles at a number of NCAA Division I colleges. He led Augustana to the 2016 NCAA Division II national championship and was named the national coach of the year in that season." }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "summarization", "CONTEXT": "Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voting.[1][2] Political scientists have created many typologies describing variations of authoritarian forms of government.[2] Authoritarian regimes may be either autocratic or oligarchic and may be based upon the rule of a party or the military.[3][4] States that have a blurred boundary between democracy and authoritarianism have some times been characterized as \"hybrid democracies\", \"hybrid regimes\" or \"competitive authoritarian\" states.[5][6][7]\n\nThe political scientist Juan Linz, in an influential[8] 1964 work, An Authoritarian Regime: Spain, defined authoritarianism as possessing four qualities:\n\nLimited political pluralism, is realized with constraints on the legislature, political parties and interest groups.\nPolitical legitimacy is based upon appeals to emotion and identification of the regime as a necessary evil to combat \"easily recognizable societal problems, such as underdevelopment or insurgency.\"\nMinimal political mobilization, and suppression of anti-regime activities.\nIll-defined executive powers, often vague and shifting extend the power of the executive.[9][10]\nMinimally defined, an authoritarian government lacks free and competitive direct elections to legislatures, free and competitive direct or indirect elections for executives, or both.[11][12][13][14] Broadly defined, authoritarian states include countries that lack civil liberties such as freedom of religion, or countries in which the government and the opposition do not alternate in power at least once following free elections.[15] Authoritarian states might contain nominally democratic institutions such as political parties, legislatures and elections which are managed to entrench authoritarian rule and can feature fraudulent, non-competitive elections.[16] In contexts of democratic backsliding, scholars tend to identify authoritarian political leaders based on certain tactics, such as: politicizing independent institutions, spreading disinformation, aggrandizing executive power, quashing dissent, targeting vulnerable communities, stoking violence, and corrupting elections.[17] Since 1946, the share of authoritarian states in the international political system increased until the mid-1970s but declined from then until the year 2000.[18]" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "creative_writing", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "closed_qa", "CONTEXT": "Scholars generally acknowledge six cradles of civilization. Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Indus Valley, and Ancient China are believed to be the earliest in the Old World.[1][2] Cradles of civilization in the New World are the Caral-Supe civilization of coastal Peru and the Olmec civilization of Mexico. All of the cradles of civilization depended upon agriculture for sustenance (except possibly Caral-Supe which may have depended initially on marine resources). All depended upon farmers producing an agricultural surplus to support the centralized government, political leaders, priests, and public works of the urban centers of the civilization.\n\nLess formally, the term \"cradle of civilization\" is often used to refer to other historic ancient civilizations, such as Greece or Rome, which have both been called the \"cradle of Western civilization\"." }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "closed_qa", "CONTEXT": "Some time after Donkey Kong Country, Donkey Kong is relaxing on the beach, until he is ambushed by the Kremlings. He gets kidnapped and brought to Kaptain K. Rool, King K. Rool's moniker in this game, who then demands the Banana Hoard he unsuccessfully tried to steal in the previous game for a ransom from the Kongs. Instead of complying, Diddy Kong and his friend Dixie resolve to go to the Kremling's home island, Crocodile Isle, to rescue Donkey Kong. Together, they travel through Crocodile Isle and are helped on their way by an assortment of animals to defeat Kaptain K. Rool. Diddy and Dixie eventually battle and defeat K. Rool, releasing Donkey Kong in the process. K. Rool manages to escape though, and shortly after, Diddy and Dixie confront him in the Lost World, a secret area powered by a geyser at the heart of Crocodile Isle. They once again defeat K. Rool, who is hurled into the geyser, causing it to clog up and explode. The explosion causes all of Crocodile Isle to sink, as the Kongs watch K. Rool escape on a small sailboat." }

{ "CATEGORY": "summarization", "CONTEXT": "Linda Hargreaves is a British actress who has appeared on both stage and screen. She made her television debut in the BBC soap opera Doctors and has since returned to the soap on three separate occasions in different roles, most recently in the recurring role of Constance Buchanan. She has also appeared in various television series including Containment and Call the Midwife." }

{ "CATEGORY": "brainstorming", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "brainstorming", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "brainstorming", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "information_extraction", "CONTEXT": "Vancouver Whitecaps FC is owned by a group of four investors: Greg Kerfoot, Steve Luczo, Jeff Mallett, and Steve Nash.[82] The group has a collective net worth over $2 billion.[83] Kerfoot has been the majority owner of the Whitecaps since 2002, when he saved the club from contraction after previous owner David Stadnyk left the club, selling it to United Soccer Leagues.[82][83][84] Mallett, a former chief operating officer (COO) of Yahoo!, who was raised in Victoria, British Columbia, and played for several collegiate soccer teams.[82] He later purchased minority stakes in the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball and English soccer club Derby County F.C.[82] Having first met at a charity soccer event in 2005, Mallett partnered with Steve Nash—a two-time National Basketball Association (NBA) Most Valuable Player who was also raised in Victoria—to put together a bid for a minority share of English soccer club Tottenham Hotspur F.C. in 2008.[82] After that transaction fell through, the duo contacted Kerfoot about a minority stake in the club.[82] Nash is the older brother of former Whitecaps midfielder Martin Nash.[84] The fourth partner, Steve Luczo, is the president, chairman, and CEO of Seagate Technology and a partner in Boston Basketball Partners L.L.C., a group who own the NBA Boston Celtics.[82] Luczo met Kerfoot while the two were both employed by Seagate Technology, and Kerfoot contacted Luczo proposing he become part of the club's MLS bid.[85] In 2009, the group paid a $35 million expansion fee to MLS for the right to join the league." }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "summarization", "CONTEXT": "The Phoenix Suns are an American professional basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. They compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Suns are the only team in their division not to be based in California, and play their home games at the Footprint Center. The Suns are one of four major league sports teams based in the Phoenix area, but are the only one to bill themselves as representing the city (the other teams - the Cardinals, Coyotes, and Diamondbacks - all bill themselves as representing the state of Arizona)." }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "summarization", "CONTEXT": "The Dark Side of the Moon is the eighth studio album by the English rock band Pink Floyd, released on 1 March 1973 by Harvest Records. Developed during live performances before recording began, it was conceived as a concept album that would focus on the pressures faced by the band during their arduous lifestyle, and also deal with the mental health problems of former band member Syd Barrett, who departed the group in 1968. New material was recorded in two sessions in 1972 and 1973 at EMI Studios (now Abbey Road Studios) in London." }

{ "CATEGORY": "brainstorming", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "information_extraction", "CONTEXT": "Moret was born in 1953 in Vevey Switzerland, and did his undergraduate studies at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), graduating in 1975. He went on to graduate studies at the University of Tennessee, earning a Ph.D. in 1980. He then joined the faculty of the University of New Mexico, where he remained until 2006, when he moved to EPFL.[1][2] He retired from EPFL in December 2016.\n\nIn 1996, Moret founded the ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics, and he remained editor in chief of the journal until 2003.[3] In 2001, Moret founded the Workshop in Algorithms for Bioinformatics (WABI) and remains on the Steering Committee for the conference.\n\nIn 2018, Moret was elected as a Fellow of the International Society for Computational Biology, for his outstanding contributions to the fields of computational biology and bioinformatics.[4]" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "closed_qa", "CONTEXT": "Pultenaea empetrifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a spindly, prostrate or spreading shrub with down-curved, cylindrical, grooved leaves and yellow to orange and red flowers.\n\nDescription\nPultenaea empetrifolia is a spindly, prostrate or spreading shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 40 cm (16 in) and has glabrous stems. The leaves are cylindrical and curved strongly downwards with one or two grooves along the lower surface, 3–4.5 mm (0.12–0.18 in) long and 0.6–1.0 mm (0.024–0.039 in) wide with stipules at the base. The flowers are yellow to orange and red, and sessile or on a pedicel about up to 0.5 mm (0.020 in) long. The sepals are hairy and 4.0–4.6 mm (0.16–0.18 in) long with hairy bracteoles 1.5–3 mm (0.059–0.118 in) long at the base. The standard petal is 8.0–8.5 mm (0.31–0.33 in) long, the wings 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) long and the keel 6.2–7.0 mm (0.24–0.28 in) long. Flowering occurs from September to October and the fruit is a pod.[2]" }

{ "CATEGORY": "information_extraction", "CONTEXT": "UTF-8 is the dominant encoding for the World Wide Web (and internet technologies), accounting for 97.9% of all web pages, over 99.0% of the top 10,000 pages, and up to 100.0% for many languages, as of 2023.[9] Virtually all countries and languages have 95.0% or more use of UTF-8 encodings on the web." }

{ "CATEGORY": "brainstorming", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "information_extraction", "CONTEXT": "Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity." }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "general_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "brainstorming", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "information_extraction", "CONTEXT": "Work has been done on proving that the sofa constant (A) cannot be below or above certain values (lower bounds and upper bounds).\n\nLower\nAn obvious lower bound is A \\geq \\pi/2 \\approx 1.57. This comes from a sofa that is a half-disk of unit radius, which can rotate in the corner.\n\nJohn Hammersley derived a lower bound of A \\geq \\pi/2 + 2/\\pi \\approx 2.2074 based on a shape resembling a telephone handset, consisting of two quarter-disks of radius 1 on either side of a 1 by 4/\\pi rectangle from which a half-disk of radius. \n\nIn 1992, Joseph L. Gerver of Rutgers University described a sofa described by 18 curve sections each taking a smooth analytic form. This further increased the lower bound for the sofa constant to approximately 2.2195.\n\nUpper\n\nHammersley also found an upper bound on the sofa constant, showing that it is at most 2\\sqrt{2} \\approx 2.8284. \n\nYoav Kallus and Dan Romik proved a new upper bound in June 2017, capping the sofa constant at 2.37." }

{ "CATEGORY": "summarization", "CONTEXT": "Primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago (mya), in the Late Cretaceous period, with their earliest fossils appearing over 55 mya, during the Paleocene.[9] Primates produced successive clades leading to the ape superfamily, which gave rise to the hominid and the gibbon families; these diverged some 15–20 mya. African and Asian hominids (including orangutans) diverged about 14 mya. Hominins (including the Australopithecine and Panina subtribes) parted from the Gorillini tribe (gorillas) between 8–9 mya; Australopithecine (including the extinct biped ancestors of humans) separated from the Pan genus (containing chimpanzees and bonobos) 4–7 mya.[10] The Homo genus is evidenced by the appearance of H. habilis over 2 mya,[a] while anatomically modern humans emerged in Africa approximately 300,000 years ago." }

{ "CATEGORY": "creative_writing", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "information_extraction", "CONTEXT": "Baseball is played between two teams with nine players in the field from the team that is not batting at that point (the batting team would have one batter in play at \"home plate\" on the field). On a baseball field, the game is under the authority of several umpires. There are usually four umpires in major league games; up to six (and as few as one) may officiate depending on the league and the importance of the game. There are three bases. Numbered counterclockwise, first, second, and third bases are cushions (sometimes informally referred to as bags) shaped as 15 in (38 cm) squares which are raised a short distance above the ground; together with home plate, the fourth \"base\", they form a square with sides of 90 ft (27.4 m) called the diamond. Home plate is a pentagonal rubber slab 17 in (43.2 cm) wide. The playing field is divided into three main sections:\n\nThe infield, containing the four bases, is for general defensive purposes bounded by the foul lines and within the grass line (see figure).\nThe outfield is the grassed area beyond the infield grass line between the foul lines and bounded by a wall or fence.\nFoul territory is the entire area outside the foul lines.\nThe pitcher's mound is located in the center of the infield. It is an 18 ft (5.5 m) diameter mound of dirt no higher than 10 in (25.4 cm). Near the center of the mound is the pitching rubber, a rubber slab positioned 60 ft 6 in (18.4 m) from home plate. The pitcher must have one foot on the rubber at the start of every pitch to a batter, but the pitcher may leave the mound area once the ball is released.\n\nAt the college/professional level, baseball is played in nine innings in which each team gets one turn to bat and tries to score runs while the other pitches and defends in the field. High school baseball plays seven innings and Little League uses six-inning games. An inning is broken up into two halves in which the away team bats in the top (first) half, and the home team bats in the bottom (second) half. In baseball, the defense always has the ball—a fact that differentiates it from most other team sports. The teams switch every time the defending team gets three players of the batting team out. The winner is the team with the most runs after nine innings. If the home team is ahead after the top of the ninth, play does not continue into the bottom half. When this happens, an X is put on the scoreboard for the home team's score in the ninth inning. In the case of a tie, additional innings are played until one team comes out ahead at the end of an inning. If the home team takes the lead anytime during the bottom of the ninth or of any inning after that, play stops and the home team is declared the winner. This is known as a walk-off.\n\nThe basic contest is always between the pitcher for the fielding team and a batter. The pitcher throws—pitches—the ball towards home plate, where the catcher for the fielding team waits (in a crouched stance) to receive it. Behind the catcher stands the home plate umpire. The batter stands in one of the batter's boxes and tries to hit the ball with a bat. The pitcher must keep one foot in contact with the top or front of the pitcher's rubber—a 24×6 in (61×15 cm) plate located atop the pitcher's mound—during the entire pitch, so he can take only one step backward and one forward in delivering the ball. The catcher's job is to receive any pitches that the batter does not hit and to \"call\" the game by a series of hand movements that signal to the pitcher what pitch to throw and where. The catcher also usually signals the desired location of the ball within the strike zone and \"sets up\" behind the plate or holds his glove up in the desired location as a target. The catcher's role becomes more crucial depending on how the game is going, and how the pitcher responds to a given situation. Each pitch begins a new play, which might consist of nothing more than the pitch itself.\n\nEach half-inning, the goal of the defending team is to get three members of the other team out. A player who is out must leave the field and wait for his next turn at bat. There are many ways to get batters and baserunners out; some of the most common are catching a batted ball in the air, tag outs, force outs, and strikeouts. After the fielding team has put out three players from the opposing team, that half of the inning is over and the team in the field and the team at bat switch places; there is no upper limit to the number that may bat in rotation before three outs are recorded. Going through the entire order in an inning is referred to as \"batting around\" and it is indicative of a high-scoring inning. A complete inning consists of each opposing side having a turn (three outs) on offense.\n\nThe goal of the team at bat is to score more runs than the opposition; a player may do so by batting, then becoming a baserunner, touching all the bases in order (via one or more plays), and finally touching home plate. A player may also become a baserunner by being inserted as a pinch-runner. To that end, the goal of each batter is to enable baserunners to score or to become a baserunner himself. The batter attempts to hit the ball into fair territory—between the baselines—in such a way that the defending players cannot get them or the baserunners out. In general, the pitcher attempts to prevent this by pitching the ball in such a way that the batter cannot hit it cleanly or, ideally, at all.\n\nA baserunner who has successfully touched home plate without being retired (called out) after touching all previous bases scores a run. In an enclosed field, a fair ball hit over the fence on the fly is an automatic home run, which entitles the batter and all runners to touch all the bases and score. On a field with foul poles, a ball that hits a pole is also a home run. A home run hit with all bases occupied ('bases loaded') is called a grand slam." }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "creative_writing", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "closed_qa", "CONTEXT": "The Malibamat'so River is a river in northern Lesotho. Its origin is near to the South African border, where it drains the eastern slopes of the Maloti Range. It flows southwards past the village of Lejone, and eventually joins the Senqu River 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Mohlanapeng.\n\nThe Malibamat'so forms the northern arm of the Katse Dam reservoir, a part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. Katse is Africa's highest elevation dam at 1,993 metres (6,539 ft) above sea level.[1] Here the river is joined by the Bokong/Bokung River. Downstream the Malibamat'so's left bank tributaries are the Matsoku and Semenanyane Rivers, before it forms a right bank tributary of the Senqu/Orange River." }

{ "CATEGORY": "classification", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "summarization", "CONTEXT": "Energy production is 80% fossil, half of which is produced by China, the United States and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The Gulf States and Russia export most of their production, largely to the European Union and China, where not enough energy is produced to satisfy demand. Energy production is increasing 1 to 2% per year, except for solar and wind energy which averaged 20% per year in the 2010s." }

{ "CATEGORY": "brainstorming", "CONTEXT": "" }

{ "CATEGORY": "open_qa", "CONTEXT": "" }