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official language

Serbian Orthodox Church

Serbian Cyrillic

['middle persian', 'comorian', 'egyptian', 'british english', 'tuvan', 'abkhazian', 'mongolian', 'maldivian', 'quechua', 'armenian', 'ingush', 'great russian', 'romani', 'abkhaz', 'kazakh', 'khasi', 'uzbekistan', 'elamite', 'balinese', 'sesotho', 'oriya', 'romansh', 'kalaallisut', 'seselwa', 'slovenija', 'germanophone', 'armenia', 'castellano', 'bashkortostan', 'malta', 'setswana', 'bislama', 'old east slavic', 'guarani', 'slovenian', 'hindi', 'castilian', 'faroese', 'slovakian', 'polish', 'berber', 'bosnian', 'malay', 'chechen', 'greek peninsula', 'ossetian', 'italians', 'tajik', 'ancient egyptian', 'galician', 'avar', 'west frisian', 'lao', 'slovak', 'thai', 'old irish', 'ellada', 'sicilian', 'bahasa indonesia', 'french creole', 'swazi', 'hellenic', 'isixhosa', 'valencian', 'dari persian', 'mam', 'albanian', 'ryukyuan', 'persian', 'nepali', 'tongan', 'mandarin chinese', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'chuvashia', 'national', 'frisian', 'francophonie', 'classical greek', 'ottoman turkish', 'manx gaelic', 'azeri turkish', 'parsi', 'maltese', 'kirundi', 'old italian', 'european portuguese', 'cymraeg', 'welsh', 'hungarian', 'etruscan', 'european spanish', 'tswana', 'germanic', 'hispanic', 'european union', 'azeri', 'akkad', 'basque', 'swahili']

Eparchy of Slavonia

Eparchy of Slavonia (Croatian: Eparhija slavonska, Serbian Cyrillic: Епархија славонска) is an eparchy of the Serbian Orthodox Church encompassing areas of western and central Slavonia in Croatia. The present bishop is called Jovan and his see is in Jasenovac. It was historically known as the Eparchy of Pakrac (Епархија Пакрачка).

official language

Ethiopia

Amharic

['portuguese', 'swazi', 'akkadian', 'hungarian', 'sinhala', 'venetian', 'hawaiian', 'inuinnaqtun', 'buryat', 'kabardian', 'english grammar', 'french creole', 'traditional chinese', 'lydian', 'classical greek', 'dari persian', 'church slavonic', 'hindi', 'simplified chinese', 'national', 'kazakh', 'cyprus', 'italian', 'norwegian', 'inari', 'parsi', 'croatian', 'serbian cyrillic', 'hangul', 'north korean', 'germanophone', 'malagasy', 'khakas', 'cymraeg', 'meadow mari', 'old irish', 'luxembourgish', 'tajiki', 'karelia', 'samoan', 'koine greek', 'pomoan', 'ancient egyptian', 'telegu', 'turkic', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'khasi', 'common market', 'veneto', 'finland', 'seselwa', 'albanian', 'welsh', 'pilipino', 'putonghua', 'niuean', 'valencian', 'tok pisin', 'sicilian', 'papiamento', 'romansh', 'malaysian', 'nuristani', 'maltese islands', 'udmurt', 'kven', 'punjabi', 'cebuano', 'asturian', 'ger', 'chukchi', 'romanian', 'kalmyk', 'javanese', 'oriya', 'faroese', 'middle persian', 'persian', 'basque', 'cantonese', 'tuvan', 'europe', 'tongan', 'turkish', 'ingush', 'icelandic', 'indonesian', 'seychellois', 'sal', 'greek cypriot', 'bislama', 'rutul', 'kichwa', 'kinyarwanda', 'ellada', 'german', 'kaz', 'sesotho', 'italians']

Jimma

Jimma (Oromo: Jimma, Amharic: ጅማ), also spelled Jima, is the largest city in south-western Ethiopia. It is a special zone of the Oromia Region and is surrounded by Jimma Zone. It has a latitude and longitude of 7°40′N36°50′E / 7.667°N 36.833°E. The town was the capital of Kaffa Province until the province was dissolved. Prior to the 2007 census, Jimma was reorganized administratively as a special Zone. Herbert S. Lewis states that in the early 1960s it was "the greatest market in all of south-western Ethiopia. On a good day in the dry season it attracts up to thirty thousand people."

official language

Ireland

gaelic

['malayalam', 'sinhalese', 'traditional chinese', 'spanish', 'north korean', 'slovenija', 'basque', 'west frisian', 'mongol', 'manx gaelic', 'czech', 'greek', 'isixhosa', 'malayalam music', 'filipino', 'ottoman turkish', 'mandarin chinese', 'dutch', 'meadow mari', 'circassian', 'tajik', 'great russian', 'romanian', 'kumyk', 'croat', 'slovenia', 'telegu', 'high german', 'hawaiian', 'tibetan', 'aragonese', 'somali', 'inuinnaqtun', 'oriya', 'esperanto', 'slovene', 'classical greek', 'belarusian', 'bable', 'moksha', 'european communities', 'mandarin', 'greek people', 'old french', 'albanian', 'hindustani', 'old catalan', 'guoyu', 'ossetian', 'croatian', 'quechua', 'italy', 'chukchi', 'ryukyuan', 'tsonga', 'venda', 'zulu', 'dhivehi', 'moldovan', 'rwanda', 'chechen', 'montenegrin', 'aramaic', 'estonian', 'kashubian', 'national', 'carolinian', 'karelia', 'nenets', 'tetum', 'slovenian', 'kirghiz', 'slovakian', 'old russian', 'leonese', 'armenian', 'ukraine', 'russian', 'greek peninsula', 'chuvashia', 'setswana', 'welsh', 'mongolian', 'brazilian portuguese', 'komi', 'castilian spanish', 'swedish', 'berber', 'written chinese', 'stress', 'magyar', 'maldivian', 'asturian', 'khakas', 'seychellois', 'anglo', 'abkhaz', 'kirundi', 'greek cypriot']

Creagh

Creagh is one of many Irish surnames rooted in Gaelic language native to Ireland. The Creagh family was first found in County Clare, where they held a family seat from ancient times. The original Gaelic form of the name Creagh is Craobhach, derived from the word "croabh" meaning "branch." The name is also used for many townlands, parishes and other small areas throughout Ireland, such as Creagh, near Ballinasloe, in Co. Roscommon ; The Creagh in Co. Londonderry just across the River Bann from Toome, Co. Antrim; Creagh near Skibbereen in Co. Cork; Creagh Beg and Creagh More near Clonakilty, also in Co. Cork; and Creagh (Kilcommock parish), Co.Longford. Many spelling variations of the surname Creagh can be found in the archives. One of the reasons for these variations is the ancient scribes and church officials recorded names as they were pronounced, often resulting in a single person being recorded under several different spellings. The different spellings that were found include Creagh, Crear, Creag, Creavagh, Cray and others.

official language

Tongan

English

['maltese islands', 'old bulgarian', 'northern sami', 'khmer', 'spanish', 'russian', 'castellano', 'akkad', 'kurdish', 'italians', 'chukchi', 'catalonian', 'azeri turkish', 'udmurt', 'kirghiz', 'latin', 'swedish', 'palauan', 'divehi', 'assyrian', 'luxembourgeois', 'icelandic', 'nynorsk', 'sinhala', 'turkmen', 'kazakh', 'byzantine greek', 'kashubian', 'chechen', 'slovakian', 'croat', 'montenegrin', 'romansh', 'persian', 'oriya', 'old welsh', 'west frisian', 'bosnian', 'welsh', 'fijian', 'old russian', 'albanian', 'sal', 'aragonese', 'bahasa melayu', 'mam', 'cantonese', 'armenian', 'kinyarwanda', 'galician', 'bahasa indonesia', 'luxemburgish', 'aranese', 'hebraic', 'lao', 'mongolian', 'komi', 'old english', 'pomo', 'thai', 'irish gaelic', 'nuristani', 'common market', 'kannada', 'old italian', 'niuean', 'francophonie', 'moksha', 'mongol', 'malta', 'dargwa', 'italian', 'tamazight', 'kalaallisut', 'finnish', 'scottish', 'hellenic', 'balinese', 'germanic', 'malayalam music', 'tigrinya', 'punjabi', 'tswana', 'albania', 'anglo', 'skolt sami', 'inuktitut', 'brazilian portuguese', 'cyprus', 'papiamento', 'kirundi', 'comorian', 'veneto', 'chuvashia', 'latin american spanish', 'parsi', 'bosniak', 'erzya', 'rwanda']

Television Tonga

Television Tonga is a Tongan television channel operated by the Tonga Broadcasting Commission. It was founded on July 4, 2000 by King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV. The TV Tonga studios and broadcast facilities are located in Fasi-moe-afi, near the Tongan capital Nukuʻalofa. They currently broadcast across Tongatapu, 'Eua and other closely surrounding islands, such as Pangaimotu and 'Atata. TV Tonga produces a weeknightly national TV news program from Monday to Friday in two versions, English and Tongan; and a week-in-review program on Saturday. They also cover local sports and events of national interest. While TV Tonga is working in affiliation with overseas broadcasters and becoming more of a relaying station, in 2008 it launched a second channel, Television Tonga 2, for its domestic service. General Manager 'Elenoa 'Amanaki has stated that the second English program channel would leave the original channel, formerly broadcasting 60% in English, 40% in Tongan, for Tongan language programs only. TV Tonga maintains a website, with an online news service.

official language

Iceland

Icelandic

['kurdish', 'traditional chinese', 'croat', 'aranese', 'old catalan', 'germanic', 'venda', 'tuvan', 'british english', 'japanese', 'frisian', 'turkic', 'siswati', 'european portuguese', 'english grammar', 'tetun', 'hellenic', 'egyptian', 'dari persian', 'occitan', 'ingush', 'northern sotho', 'azeri turkish', 'tajiki', 'slovene', 'sal', 'chuvash republic', 'kinyarwanda', 'nuristani', 'pilipino', 'maldivian', 'common market', 'uzbek', 'hispano', 'ossetian', 'manchu', 'niuean', 'khasi', 'abkhaz', 'crimean tatar', 'maltese', 'catalonian', 'javanese', 'rutul', 'northern sami', 'dari', 'telegu', 'palauan', 'creole', 'hawaiian', 'filipino', 'marathi', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'pomoan s', 'ellada', 'kichwa', 'gaelic', 'italian', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'norwegian', 'germanophone', 'chewa', 'koine greek', 'armenian', 'french creole', 'european spanish', 'lithuanian', 'chukchi', 'oriya', 'armenia', 'middle persian', 'swedish', 'bashkir', 'maltese islands', 'bahasa melayu', 'amazigh', 'macedonian slavic', 'old english', 'old irish', 'old persian', 'sami', 'khakas', 'classical greek', 'mam', 'moldavian', 'bengali', 'belorussian', 'tswana', 'italians', 'valencian', 'sesotho', 'hangul', 'circassian', 'tongan', 'romansh', 'greek cypriot', 'pomoan', 'swazi', 'marshallese']

Jón Ögmundsson

Jón Ögmundsson or Ogmundarson (1052–23 April 1121), also known as John of Holar and Jon Helgi Ogmundarson, was an Icelandic bishop and local Icelandic saint. In 1106, the second Icelandic diocese, Hólar, was created in the north of Iceland, and Jón was appointed its first bishop. He served as bishop there until his death.

official language

Ukrainians

Ukrainian

['castellano', 'albanian', 'moldova', 'chechen', 'greek islands', 'scottish', 'finnish', 'georgian', 'shona', 'norman', 'amharic', 'grecia', 'ancient egyptian', 'turkic', 'khasi', 'lydian', 'great russian', 'kongo', 'classical greek', 'latvian', 'chhattisgarhi', 'sal', 'fijian', 'guarani', 'manchu', 'romani', 'hawaiian', 'bahasa indonesia', 'kiribati', 'lao', 'carolinian', 'brazilian portuguese', 'macedonian', 'ukraine', 'gaeilge', 'skolt sami', 'meadow mari', 'ellada', 'haitian creole', 'kiswahili', 'tigrinya', 'tajik', 'malayalam music', 'basque', 'stress', 'kumyk', 'albania', 'chinese', 'frisian', 'kazakh', 'nynorsk', 'bable', 'asturian', 'koine greek', 'sinhala', 'laotian', 'abkhaz', 'russified', 'bahasa malaysia', 'uzbek', 'crimean tatar', 'italy', 'pitkern', 'sami s', 'chukchi', 'old church slavonic', 'acehnese', 'catalonian', 'dari persian', 'italians', 'estonian', 'tajiki', 'greenlandic', 'english', 'luxembourgish', 'flemish dutch', 'rwanda', 'tamazight', 'hellenic', 'udmurt', 'korean', 'divehi', 'serbian latin', 'old bulgarian', 'thai', 'inuinnaqtun', 'pomo', 'nenets', 'icelandic', 'malagasy', 'buryat', 'hindustani', 'simplified chinese', 'akkad', 'kirundi', 'irish', 'avar', 'mam', 'kashubian']

Michael Minsky

Michael (Gregory) Minsky, (Михаил (Григорий) Минский) born Michael Spirin (Spiridonov), also known as Mino Minzer and between Ukrainians as Myhailo Minsky (12 August 1918, Bagaevo, Tatarstan – 9 October 1988, Zwolle, Netherlands) was a baritone singer, one of the finest interpreters of Russian and Ukrainian songs, and a conductor of the Don Cossack Choir Serge Jaroff.

official language

Loppi

Finnish

['ukrainian', 'estonian', 'sicilian', 'british english', 'stress', 'danish', 'sinhalese', 'fijian', 'kalaallisut', 'shona', 'karelia', 'nauruan', 'old bulgarian', 'meadow mari', 'slovenija', 'aragonese', 'tajiki', 'pilipino', 'khmer', 'serbian cyrillic', 'dzongkha', 'catalonian', 'punic', 'akkad', 'tamazight', 'moksha', 'european union', 'kabardian', 'bable', 'tongan', 'scottish', 'latin', 'common market', 'latin american spanish', 'guoyu', 'dari persian', 'maltese islands', 'balinese', 'abkhaz', 'romani', 'castilian spanish', 'bahasa melayu', 'mongolian', 'bislama', 'egyptian', 'papiamento', 'esperanto', 'afghanistan', 'chuvashia', 'somali', 'samoan', 'serbian latin', 'ottoman turkish', 'kumyk', 'aymara', 'amharic', 'azeri', 'isixhosa', 'welsh', 'acehnese', 'setswana', 'maltese', 'bulgarian', 'kashubian', 'malaysian', 'czech', 'german', 'akkadian', 'malagasy', 'latvian', 'old russian', 'high german', 'venetian', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'turkish', 'avar', 'kirundi', 'thai', 'cantonese', 'european portuguese', 'kaz', 'greek cypriot', 'parsi', 'dargwa', 'grecia', 'turkic', 'faroese', 'medieval greek', 'northern sotho', 'nepali', 'old english', 'chichewa', 'uzbek', 'bosniak', 'slovene', 'comorian', 'tetum', 'manchu', 'kiribati']

Loppi

Loppi (Swedish: Loppis) is a municipality in Finland. It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Tavastia Proper region. Loppi was founded in 1632. The municipality has a population of 8,267 (30 June 2015) and covers an area of 655.98 square kilometres (253.28 sq mi) of which 58.36 km2 (22.53 sq mi) is water. The population density is 13.83 inhabitants per square kilometre (35.8/sq mi). The municipality is unilingually Finnish. Neighbour municipalities are Hyvinkää, Hämeenlinna, Janakkala, Karkkila, Riihimäki, Tammela and Vihti.

official language

Kalmykia

Russian

['capeverdean crioulo', 'kannada', 'latin american spanish', 'tok pisin', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'aymara', 'brazilian portuguese', 'ingush', 'moldova', 'carolinian', 'greek peninsula', 'swedish', 'slovene', 'national', 'etruscan', 'bable', 'montenegrin', 'slovakian', 'norwegian', 'occitan', 'tajiki', 'classical greek', 'francophonie', 'written chinese', 'guarani', 'basque', 'pomo', 'kirundi', 'afrikaans', 'kichwa', 'anglo', 'finnish border', 'malayalam', 'kaz', 'cebuano', 'veneto', 'simplified chinese', 'northern sami', 'greek islands', 'northern sotho', 'akkad', 'bashkir', 'egyptian', 'swazi', 'chamorro', 'magyar', 'kachin state', 'chichewa', 'french creole', 'icelandic', 'old church slavonic', 'isixhosa', 'bahasa indonesia', 'turkic', 'tetun', 'slovenian', 'old persian', 'lezgian', 'traditional chinese', 'cymraeg', 'greek', 'italy', 'greek cypriot', 'venetian', 'nepali', 'georgian', 'kumyk', 'british english', 'english grammar', 'papiamentu', 'old irish', 'slovenia', 'kiswahili', 'latin', 'slavonic', 'malagasy', 'aragonese', 'macedonian', 'tajik', 'divehi', 'european communities', 'chuvash', 'hispano', 'tuvan', 'old welsh', 'hindustani', 'nuristani', 'europe', 'ellada', 'swahili', 'old english', 'lydian', 'bahasa melayu', 'aramaic', 'dargwa', 'pomoan', 'croat', 'crimean tatar', 'manchu']

Yashaltinsky District

Yashaltinsky District (Russian: Яшалти́нский райо́н; Kalmyk: Яшлтан район, Jašltan rajon) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirteen in the Republic of Kalmykia, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic. The area of the district is 2,415.84 square kilometers (932.76 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Yashalta. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 17,178, with the population of Yashalta accounting for 27.5% of that number.

official language

Deheubarth

welsh

['croat', 'macedonian', 'kashubian', 'carolinian', 'marshallese', 'kyrgyz', 'malaysian', 'sesotho', 'icelandic', 'danish', 'bahasa melayu', 'aragonese', 'lao', 'latin american spanish', 'circassian', 'rwanda', 'high german', 'northern sotho', 'inuktitut', 'luxemburgish', 'albania', 'cantonese', 'moldovan', 'tatar', 'european communities', 'khasi', 'punjabi', 'russified', 'mam', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'scottish', 'tetun', 'kalmyk', 'greek cypriot', 'seselwa', 'russian', 'italians', 'belarusian', 'tuvan', 'ellada', 'kirundi', 'turkmen', 'swahili', 'anglo', 'germanic', 'hindi', 'mongol', 'seychellois', 'hebraic', 'bashkortostan', 'laotian', 'elamite', 'frisian', 'old church slavonic', 'luxembourgeois', 'aramaic', 'pitkern', 'berber', 'rutul', 'luxembourgish', 'maltese islands', 'creole', 'lowland scots', 'castilian spanish', 'french', 'common market', 'sinhalese', 'english', 'azeri turkish', 'ottoman', 'serbian', 'setswana', 'azeri', 'erzya', 'polish', 'armenian', 'abkhaz', 'cebuano', 'moldavian', 'aceh', 'pomo', 'dzongkha', 'inari', 'irish', 'abaza', 'montenegrin', 'national', 'tok pisin', 'sami s', 'siswati', 'classical greek', 'medieval greek', 'kalaallisut', 'kabardian', 'venda', 'nenets', 'maltese archipelago', 'flemish dutch', 'kurdish']

Goronwy Foel

Goronwy Foel (fl. about the middle of the 13th century) was a Welsh language court poet from Deheubarth, south-west Wales.

official language

Nebraska

English

['lao', 'ingush', 'tetum', 'estonian', 'hebraic', 'setswana', 'marshallese', 'azerbaijani', 'portuguese', 'tamil', 'moldavian', 'greek cypriot', 'manx gaelic', 'luxembourgeois', 'mongolian', 'spanish', 'gaelic', 'faroese', 'venda', 'europe', 'european portuguese', 'dutch', 'azeri turkish', 'serbian cyrillic', 'hispano', 'valencian', 'old ruthenian', 'written chinese', 'tibetan', 'egyptian', 'bashkortostan', 'icelandic', 'moksha', 'pilipino', 'guarani', 'stress', 'seychellois', 'seselwa', 'greenlandic', 'old russian', 'nenets', 'asturian', 'inari', 'greek people', 'lithuanian', 'danish', 'creole', 'etruscan', 'finland', 'kirundi', 'ryukyuan', 'belorussian', 'persian', 'quechua', 'cypriot', 'bahasa malaysia', 'byzantine greek', 'ukraine', 'catalan', 'manchu', 'kyrgyz', 'chamoru', 'medieval greek', 'kachin state', 'chechen', 'isixhosa', 'pomoan', 'belarusian', 'amazigh', 'palauan', 'british english', 'inuinnaqtun', 'divehi', 'castellano', 'national', 'hindustani', 'laotian', 'kazakh', 'georgian', 'parsi', 'kven', 'armenian', 'swazi', 'niuean', 'polish', 'sinhalese', 'bahasa melayu', 'scottish', 'kaz', 'hellenic', 'comorian', 'maldivian', 'kalmyk', 'kiribati', 'aranese', 'khmer', 'montenegrin', 'veneto', 'punjabi']

Gerald Shapiro (writer)

Gerald David Shapiro (August 23, 1950 – October 15, 2011) was an American writer who had published three prize-winning books and was Cather Professor of English at the University of Nebraska. He was also a reader for Prairie Schooner. He lived in Lincoln, Nebraska with his wife, the writer Judith Slater.

official language

Capeverdean

Portuguese

['kannada', 'venda', 'pomo', 'tswana', 'elamite', 'manchu', 'tibetan', 'marathi', 'russified', 'hellenic', 'bosnian', 'irish', 'common market', 'kashubian', 'german', 'persian', 'bahasa indonesia', 'norwegian', 'moldova', 'pitkern', 'galician', 'chichewa', 'azeri', 'maldivian', 'quechua', 'sinhala', 'malayalam', 'belarusian', 'acehnese', 'uzbek', 'traditional chinese', 'tok pisin', 'uzbekistan', 'latvian', 'macedonian', 'chuvash', 'kachin state', 'french', 'slovenian', 'farsi', 'punjabi', 'germanic', 'abkhaz', 'irish gaelic', 'bashkortostan', 'ottoman', 'italians', 'turkic', 'chukchi', 'dari', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'tuvan', 'occitan', 'spanish', 'bahasa malaysia', 'maltese', 'circassian', 'hindustani', 'inari sami', 'latin', 'czech', 'kazakh', 'slovene', 'sotho', 'dhivehi', 'great russian', 'frisian', 'dzongkha', 'tatar', 'luxembourgish', 'castilian spanish', 'flemish dutch', 'aramaic', 'west frisian', 'marshallese', 'azerbaijani', 'turkmen', 'slovenia', 'ottoman turkish', 'putonghua', 'khasi', 'ingush', 'lezgian', 'vietnamese', 'niuean', 'old bulgarian', 'crimean tatar', 'seselwa', 'inuktitut', 'luxemburgish', 'berber', 'sicilian', 'bislama', 'kiswahili', 'tetum', 'papiamento', 'hangul', 'montenegrin', 'rwanda']

O dialecto crioulo de Cabo Verde

O dialecto crioulo de Cabo Verde (Portuguese meaning "The Creole Dialect from Cape Verde") is a Capeverdean book published in 1957 by Baltasar Lopes da Silva. The book is a description of the Cape Verdean Creole including the grammar, the phonology and the lexicon. Despite not being up to date, it is still one of the best references for Cape Verdean Creole.

official language

Canadian

english

['bahasa malaysia', 'sotho', 'chuvash republic', 'erzya', 'old italian', 'palauan', 'malta', 'belorussian', 'frisian', 'lowland scots', 'medieval greek', 'parsi', 'belarusian', 'macedonian', 'tatar', 'maltese islands', 'tetun', 'kinyarwanda', 'chhattisgarhi', 'chewa', 'greenlandic', 'german', 'berber', 'hangul', 'persian', 'udmurt', 'marathi', 'abkhaz', 'hebraic', 'uzbekistan', 'hellenic', 'kichwa', 'skolt sami', 'assyrian', 'slavonic', 'aymara', 'kalaallisut', 'portuguese', 'amazigh', 'korean', 'tswana', 'west frisian', 'latin', 'pitkern', 'afghanistan', 'farsi', 'marshallese', 'esperantists', 'croat', 'malagasy', 'ottoman turkish', 'setswana', 'manx gaelic', 'germanophone', 'venetian', 'manchu', 'old ruthenian', 'khakas', 'telegu', 'khasi', 'castellano', 'ellada', 'bashkortostan', 'high german', 'old french', 'azerbaijani', 'maltese', 'azeri turkish', 'lithuanian', 'sicilian', 'ancient egyptian', 'traditional chinese', 'greek', 'tok pisin', 'luxemburgish', 'kaz', 'moldovan', 'stress', 'montenegrin', 'mandarin chinese', 'nauruan', 'turkmen', 'kiswahili', 'ossetic', 'zulu', 'berber s', 'papiamentu', 'punjabi', 'hawaiian', 'mongolian', 'sinhala', 'russified', 'chamorro', 'azeri', 'hindi', 'polish', 'venda', 'afrikaans', 'ossetian']

CKOV-FM

CKOV-FM is a new radio station which will broadcast a country music format on the frequency of 104.5 MHz/FM in Strathmore, Alberta, Canada. The station will be branded as 104.5 The Wolf. On December 9, 2014, Clear Sky Radio Inc. received approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to operate a new English language radio station in Strathmore, Alberta. The new station would operate at 104.5 MHz (channel 283B1) with an average effective radiated power (ERP) of 2,800 watts (maximum ERP of 7,000 watts with an effective height of antenna above average terrain of 101.5 metres). The callsign CKOV was previously used at a radio station in Kelowna, British Columbia from the early 1930s until 2010, when it changed to its current callsign; CKQQ-FM.

official language

Turku

swedish

['welsh', 'siswati', 'inuinnaqtun', 'azeri', 'cymraeg', 'vietnamese', 'sami', 'malaysian', 'mongolian', 'slovak', 'old english', 'kirundi', 'turkmen', 'lao', 'bahasa indonesia', 'tok pisin', 'latin', 'macedonian', 'moldova', 'old persian', 'serbian', 'european communities', 'manchu', 'nenets', 'azerbaijani', 'guarani', 'tajik', 'tetum', 'lydian', 'latvian', 'serbian latin', 'georgian', 'romani', 'japanese', 'frisian', 'buryat', 'komi', 'finland', 'azeri turkish', 'maltese archipelago', 'chamorro', 'sami s', 'greenlandic', 'castellano', 'mandarin', 'persian', 'putonghua', 'leonese', 'swazi', 'belarusian', 'kven', 'bosniak', 'montenegrin', 'papiamentu', 'kannada', 'scottish', 'north korean', 'punic', 'inuktitut', 'malagasy', 'germanic', 'maltese', 'tuvan', 'bengali', 'sal', 'german', 'medieval greek', 'inari', 'amazigh', 'ottoman turkish', 'ukrainian', 'dzongkha', 'latin american spanish', 'oriya', 'esperantists', 'hebrew', 'cantonese', 'ossetic', 'xhosa', 'mongol', 'kinyarwanda', 'luxembourgish', 'west frisian', 'ottoman', 'old bulgarian', 'uzbekistan', 'lithuanian', 'hungarian', 'serbian cyrillic', 'circassian', 'chamoru', 'tigrinya', 'punjabi', 'kyrgyz', 'adyghe', 'hindi', 'bahasa melayu', 'meadow mari', 'veneto']

Åbo Akademi University

Åbo Akademi University (Swedish: Åbo Akademi [ˈoːbu akadeˈmiː]) is the only exclusively Swedish language university in Finland. It is located in Turku (Åbo is the Swedish name of the city). As of 2004, there are 7 941 students and a staff consisting of 1 125 people. The university has activities not only in Turku, but also in Vaasa, Jakobstad, Helsinki and on Åland. Åbo Akademi was a private institution until 1981, when it was turned into a public institution. Åbo Akademi should not be confused with the Royal Academy of Åbo, which was founded in 1640, but moved to Helsinki after the Turku fire of 1827 and is today known as the University of Helsinki. Åbo Akademi was founded by private donations in 1918 as the third university in Finland, both to let Turku again become a university town and because it was felt that the Swedish language was threatened at the University of Helsinki. The Finnish University of Turku was founded in 1920, also by private donations and for similar reasons. As the only uni-lingually Swedish multi-faculty university in the world outside Sweden and consequently the only one in Finland, Åbo Akademi University is responsible for higher education for a large proportion of the Swedish-speaking population. This role has many implications for education and research as well as for the social environment. As there are few students in most subjects, cooperation between faculties and with other universities is very important. A significant minority of the students are Finnish-speaking. While Turku in itself is mostly Finnish, the university provides a strong Swedish environment. Most of the students, regardless of original language, will be functionally bilingual when finishing their studies. The university has a policy that non-Swedish speaking applicants from the Nordic countries are required to participate in a Swedish language test, in order to prove their ability to successfully study in Swedish. Applicants from non-Nordic countries can, however, choose between Swedish or English language tests.

official language

Czechoslovakia

Czech

['medieval greek', 'sotho', 'mandarin chinese', 'french', 'karelia', 'basque', 'acehnese', 'swedish', 'slavonic', 'kalmyk', 'mari', 'armenian', 'cypriot', 'croatian', 'ger', 'azeri', 'berber s', 'faroese', 'punjabi', 'erzya', 'kirundi', 'azerbaijani', 'assyrian', 'european portuguese', 'finnish', 'slovenija', 'marathi', 'chichewa', 'chinese', 'latin', 'sinhala', 'danish', 'high german', 'dutch', 'etruscan', 'ukraine', 'occitan', 'slovene', 'greenlandic', 'dzongkha', 'hebrew', 'sal', 'luxemburgish', 'portuguese', 'circassian', 'manx gaelic', 'udmurt', 'grecia', 'balinese', 'esperantists', 'moldovan', 'cebuano', 'kyrgyz', 'marshallese', 'amharic', 'francophonie', 'somali', 'old church slavonic', 'leonese', 'quechua', 'tatar', 'german', 'abkhaz', 'estonian', 'bislama', 'turkish', 'hellenic', 'hindustani', 'aranese', 'great russian', 'castilian', 'stress', 'hungarian', 'italian', 'sicilian', 'punic', 'afrikaans', 'chamoru', 'icelandic', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'bahasa indonesia', 'thai', 'dari persian', 'carolinian', 'bable', 'venetian', 'slovenian', 'ottoman turkish', 'tok pisin', 'creole', 'luxembourgeois', 'tsonga', 'flemish dutch', 'telegu', 'middle persian', 'ancient greek', 'inuktitut', 'malay', 'kazakh']

Hyphen War

The Hyphen War (in Czech, Pomlčková válka; in Slovak, Pomlčková vojna—literally "Dash War") was the tongue-in-cheek name given to the conflict over what to call Czechoslovakia after the fall of the Communist government.

official language

Benelux

french

['georgian', 'hindi', 'khmer', 'inuktitut', 'tatar', 'castilian', 'old welsh', 'kachin state', 'flemish dutch', 'scottish', 'turkic', 'tajik', 'written chinese', 'bislama', 'national', 'kazakh', 'chuvash republic', 'acehnese', 'samoan', 'elamite', 'armenian', 'rwanda', 'slovenia', 'hebraic', 'aceh', 'avar', 'ingush', 'greek people', 'malayalam', 'sesotho', 'tswana', 'simplified chinese', 'swedish', 'niuean', 'northern sotho', 'lezgian', 'somali', 'romansh', 'english grammar', 'aramaic', 'malagasy', 'persian', 'chuvashia', 'albania', 'finnish border', 'dari', 'hungarian', 'oriya', 'esperantists', 'telugu', 'northern sami', 'sicilian', 'adyghe', 'thai', 'akkad', 'punic', 'inuinnaqtun', 'zulu', 'slovak', 'fijian', 'ger', 'tamil', 'old french', 'tetum', 'romani', 'bashkortostan', 'brazilian portuguese', 'chechen', 'gaelic', 'japanese', 'classical greek', 'latvian', 'estonian', 'urdu', 'castellano', 'afrikaans', 'mongol', 'tongan', 'venetian', 'germanophone', 'lao', 'chewa', 'niue', 'kalaallisut', 'abaza', 'filipino', 'azerbaijani', 'catalan', 'comorian', 'pitkern', 'meadow mari', 'kalmyk', 'irish', 'macedonian slavic', 'guarani', 'galician', 'venda', 'italy', 'old catalan']

Good Automated Manufacturing Practice

Good Automated Manufacturing Practice (GAMP) is both a technical subcommittee of the International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering (ISPE) and a set of guidelines for manufacturers and users of automated systems in the pharmaceutical industry. More specifically, the ISPE's guide The Good Automated Manufacturing Practice (GAMP) Guide for Validation of Automated Systems in Pharmaceutical Manufacture describes a set of principles and procedures that help ensure that pharmaceutical products have the required quality. One of the core principles of GAMP is that quality cannot be tested into a batch of product but must be built into each stage of the manufacturing process. As a result, GAMP covers all aspects of production; from the raw materials, facility and equipment to the training and hygiene of staff. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are essential for processes that can affect the quality of the finished product. A group of pharmaceutical professionals have banded together to create the GAMP Forum, which is now a technical sub-committee, known as the GAMP COP (community of practice) of the International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering (ISPE). The goal of the community is to promote the understanding of the regulation and use of automated systems within the pharmaceutical industry. The GAMP COP organizes discussion forums for its members. ISPE organises GAMP-related training courses and educational seminars. Several local GAMP COPs, such as GAMP Americas, GAMP Nordic, GAMP DACH (Germany, Austria, Switzerland), GAMP Francophone, GAMP Italiano, GAMP Benelux (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) and GAMP Japan bring the GAMP community closer to its members in collaboration with ISPE's local affiliates in these regions.

official language

Falkland Islands

English

['guoyu', 'pomo', 'bahasa malaysia', 'berber', 'malay', 'papiamento', 'maldivian', 'french', 'british english', 'tajiki', 'northern sami', 'tamazight', 'hindustani', 'buryat', 'afghanistan', 'germanic', 'parsi', 'chukchi', 'tuvan', 'kalmyk', 'moldovan', 'sami', 'leonese', 'swahili', 'cyprus', 'koine greek', 'old church slavonic', 'punic', 'great russian', 'avar', 'hungarian', 'macedonian slavic', 'bashkortostan', 'italy', 'amharic', 'latvian', 'medieval greek', 'luxembourgish', 'church slavonic', 'english grammar', 'ottoman', 'kashubian', 'russified', 'portuguese', 'finland', 'welsh', 'abkhaz', 'chinese', 'greek cypriot', 'old ruthenian', 'lydian', 'tetum', 'sinhalese', 'old east slavic', 'amazigh', 'filipino', 'tuvaluan', 'gaelic', 'carolinian', 'grecia', 'gaeilge', 'italians', 'bengali', 'slovenian', 'old catalan', 'greenlandic', 'etruscan', 'akkad', 'brazilian portuguese', 'aragonese', 'west frisian', 'pomoan s', 'cantonese', 'adyghe', 'chamoru', 'armenian', 'esperantists', 'belarusian', 'old persian', 'albanian', 'kinyarwanda', 'magyar', 'pomoan', 'vietnamese', 'croatian', 'malayalam music', 'kongo', 'tamil', 'maltese archipelago', 'czech', 'luxemburgish', 'swazi', 'xhosa', 'serbian cyrillic', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'european communities', 'danish', 'hispano', 'chewa']

Puerto Soledad

Puerto Soledad (Puerto de Nuestra Señora de la Soledad, English: Port Solitude) was a Spanish military outpost and penal colony on the Falkland Islands, situated at an inner cove of Berkeley Sound (French: Baie Accaron, Spanish: Bahía Anunciación).

official language

Macedonians

Macedonian

['urdu', 'northern sami', 'chuvashia', 'kachin state', 'ger', 'bable', 'english grammar', 'indonesian', 'sinhala', 'high german', 'slovenija', 'ukrainian', 'leonese', 'serbian cyrillic', 'british english', 'brazilian portuguese', 'pomo', 'romanian', 'irish gaelic', 'european portuguese', 'aceh', 'khasi', 'hebraic', 'maldivian', 'northern sotho', 'afrikaans', 'azeri', 'chhattisgarhi', 'niuean', 'pomoan s', 'uzbek', 'siswati', 'azerbaijani', 'seychellois', 'georgian', 'karelia', 'maltese islands', 'albanian', 'tongan', 'romani', 'tamazight', 'latvian', 'greenlandic', 'parsi', 'bosniak', 'basque', 'dari persian', 'asturian', 'danish', 'bosnian', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'nauruan', 'west frisian', 'shona', 'old french', 'tswana', 'czech', 'castilian', 'catalonian', 'castellano', 'hellenic', 'malaysian', 'swazi', 'pomoan', 'chuvash', 'putonghua', 'bulgarian', 'chichewa', 'adyghe', 'telugu', 'ancient egyptian', 'ottoman turkish', 'koine greek', 'malayalam', 'kumyk', 'macedonian slavic', 'aragonese', 'chukchi', 'common market', 'persian', 'sal', 'finnish', 'old welsh', 'slovakian', 'norman', 'bahasa melayu', 'komi', 'old ruthenian', 'bahasa indonesia', 'circassian', 'mongol', 'manx gaelic', 'mandarin chinese', 'tajiki', 'marshallese', 'venetian', 'crimean tatar', 'estonian', 'veneto']

Macedonia naming dispute

The Macedonia naming dispute is a political dispute regarding the use of the name Macedonia between the Balkan countries of Greece and the Republic of Macedonia, formerly a federal unit of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Pertinent to its background is an early 20th century multifaceted dispute and armed conflict that formed part of the background to the Balkan Wars. The specific naming dispute, although an existing issue in Yugoslav-Greek relations since World War II, was reignited after the breakup of Yugoslavia and the newly gained independence of the former Socialist Republic of Macedonia in 1991. Since then, it has been an ongoing issue in bilateral and international relations. Citing historical and territorial concerns resulting from the ambiguity between the Republic of Macedonia, the adjacent Greek region of Macedonia and the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon which falls mostly within Greek Macedonia, Greece opposes the use of the name "Macedonia" by the Republic of Macedonia without a geographical qualifier, supporting a compound name such as "Northern Macedonia" for use by all and for all purposes. As millions of ethnic Greeks identify themselves as Macedonians, unrelated to the Slavic people who are associated with the Republic of Macedonia, Greece further objects to the use of the term "Macedonian" for the neighboring country's largest ethnic group and its language. The Republic of Macedonia is accused of appropriating symbols and figures that are historically considered part of Greek culture such as the Vergina Sun and Alexander the Great, and of promoting the irredentist concept of a United Macedonia, which involves territorial claims on Greece, Bulgaria, Albania, and Serbia. The dispute has escalated to the highest level of international mediation, involving numerous attempts to achieve a resolution. In 1995, the two countries formalised bilateral relations and committed to start negotiations on the naming issue, under the auspices of the United Nations. Until a solution is found, the provisional reference "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" (sometimes unofficially abbreviated as FYROM) is used by international organisations and states which do not recognise translations of the constitutional name Republic of Macedonia (Република Македонија, Republika Makedonija). UN members, and the UN as a whole, have agreed to accept any final agreement on a new name, resulting from negotiations between the two countries. The parties are represented by Ambassadors Zoran Jolevski and Adamantios Vassilakis, under the mediation of Matthew Nimetz.

official language

Nunavut

English

['moldavian', 'mongol', 'european portuguese', 'norman', 'kalaallisut', 'irish gaelic', 'hispanic', 'venetian', 'putonghua', 'marathi', 'dhivehi', 'udmurt', 'tetum', 'seychellois', 'sotho', 'malagasy', 'akkad', 'ancient egyptian', 'crimean tatar', 'kinyarwanda', 'turkic', 'malayalam music', 'sinhalese', 'indonesian', 'sinhala', 'croat', 'nauruan', 'persian', 'italians', 'dari persian', 'aceh', 'carolinian', 'ossetic', 'ottoman turkish', 'afghanistan', 'fijian', 'xhosa', 'luxemburgish', 'kiribati', 'european union', 'acehnese', 'skolt sami', 'lezgian', 'azeri turkish', 'chamoru', 'bahasa melayu', 'pilipino', 'german', 'sango', 'old russian', 'magyar', 'turkish', 'swahili', 'oriya', 'national', 'ellada', 'hindi', 'akkadian', 'amharic', 'circassian', 'lydian', 'faroese', 'gaelic', 'guoyu', 'catalonian', 'tamil', 'irish', 'ukrainian', 'parsi', 'grecia', 'erzya', 'ancient greek', 'bosniak', 'italy', 'azeri', 'old persian', 'kalmyk', 'chinese', 'comorian', 'chechen', 'french creole', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'tswana', 'castilian', 'flemish dutch', 'chukchi', 'meadow mari', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'montenegrin', 'lowland scots', 'greenlandic', 'niue', 'gaeilge', 'northern sotho', 'northern sami', 'valencian', 'javanese', 'slovenija', 'chuvash']

Nellie Kusugak

Nellie Taptaqut Kusugak (born 1955) of Rankin Inlet, Nunavut was the Deputy Commissioner of Nunavut from 2010 to 2015 at which time she was appointed the fifth Commissioner of Nunavut. Kusugak was appointed to the position of deputy by Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, Chuck Strahl, on 15 February 2010 and was sworn in on 25 February. On 11 April 2010, Kusugak became the acting Commissioner of Nunavut with the expiry of Ann Meekitjuk Hanson's term. Kusugak, who received a B.Ed in 1996 through the Nunavut Teachers Education Program provided by Nunavut Arctic College (NAC) and McGill University, where she is listed as an adjunct professor, has been a teacher for about 20 years in both Inuktitut and English. Prior to her appointment as deputy commissioner she was an adult educator at NAC in Rankin Inlet. Kusugak was married to former Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated president, Jose Kusugak.

official language

Autonomous Republic of Crimea

Ukrainian

['rutul', 'ossetian', 'seselwa', 'guoyu', 'valencian', 'aymara', 'bahasa melayu', 'west frisian', 'assyrian', 'egyptian', 'kalaallisut', 'afrikaans', 'papiamento', 'akkad', 'acehnese', 'afghanistan', 'traditional chinese', 'chhattisgarhi', 'kazakh', 'kirghiz', 'tetun', 'slovakian', 'aceh', 'hindi', 'berber', 'shona', 'cymraeg', 'khmer', 'inari sami', 'turkmen', 'french creole', 'classical greek', 'azeri', 'polish', 'georgian', 'slovak', 'old bulgarian', 'divehi', 'hebrew', 'bashkortostan', 'germanophone', 'comorian', 'european spanish', 'aragonese', 'galician', 'macedonian', 'indonesian', 'kichwa', 'dari persian', 'greek', 'adyghe', 'manx gaelic', 'bashkir', 'hangul', 'chuvash', 'gaelic', 'sotho', 'croatian', 'chuvash republic', 'italians', 'northern sami', 'gaeilge', 'chinese', 'pomoan s', 'written chinese', 'venetian', 'medieval greek', 'punic', 'nepali', 'portuguese', 'xhosa', 'magyar', 'kinyarwanda', 'ukraine', 'mari', 'norman', 'belorussian', 'dargwa', 'greek cypriot', 'greek islands', 'old italian', 'estonian', 'amazigh', 'latvian', 'skolt sami', 'armenian', 'pomo', 'inuinnaqtun', 'laotian', 'dhivehi', 'ellada', 'guarani', 'balinese', 'malayalam music', 'carolinian', 'montenegrin', 'tongan', 'welsh', 'sami s']

Autonomous Republic of Crimea

The Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Ukrainian: Автономна Республіка Крим, Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Russian: Автономная Республика Крым, Avtonomnaya Respublika Krym; Crimean Tatar: Qırım Muhtar Cumhuriyeti) was created on 12 February 1991 when the Crimean Oblast was upgraded to an autonomous republic within Ukraine following a referendum on 20 January 1991. In March 2014, following the takeover of the territory by pro-Russian separatists and Russian Armed Forces, an unauthorised referendum was held on the issue of reunification with Russia; the official result was that a large majority wished to join with Russia. Russia then annexed the whole of Crimea by signing a Treaty of Accession with the self-declared independent Republic of Crimea to incorporate the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol as federal subjects of Russia. While Russia and six other UN member states recognize Crimea as part of the Russian Federation, Ukraine continues to claim Crimea as an integral part of its territory, supported by most foreign governments and United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262.

official language

Montenegro

Bosnian

['hangul', 'udmurt', 'veneto', 'ger', 'kongo', 'mari', 'ukrainian', 'circassian', 'chhattisgarhi', 'old ruthenian', 'galician', 'isixhosa', 'kachin state', 'english', 'telegu', 'kashubian', 'ottoman turkish', 'venetian', 'dzongkha', 'aramaic', 'nynorsk', 'greek peninsula', 'aranese', 'cebuano', 'bislama', 'irish gaelic', 'turkmen', 'somali', 'kirghiz', 'russified', 'divehi', 'faroese', 'uzbekistan', 'anglo', 'ancient greek', 'danish', 'common market', 'macedonian slavic', 'old east slavic', 'francophonie', 'malay', 'thai', 'chuvash', 'chukchi', 'bashkortostan', 'assyrian', 'polish', 'parsi', 'leonese', 'sal', 'portuguese', 'tamil', 'greek islands', 'northern sotho', 'inuinnaqtun', 'magyar', 'kinyarwanda', 'abaza', 'creole', 'marathi', 'erzya', 'gaelic', 'kabardian', 'inari', 'sotho', 'nuristani', 'hellenic', 'french', 'european spanish', 'traditional chinese', 'kiribati', 'kaz', 'norwegian', 'guarani', 'samoan', 'cantonese', 'meadow mari', 'koine greek', 'romansh', 'malaysian', 'punjabi', 'latin american spanish', 'aragonese', 'manchu', 'byzantine greek', 'frisian', 'ellada', 'mongol', 'esperantists', 'slovenian', 'sinhala', 'national', 'niuean', 'dari persian', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'lowland scots', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'church slavonic', 'classical greek']

Trnovačko Lake

Trnovačko Lake (Bosnian, Serbian and Montenegrin: Trnovačko jezero, Трновачко језеро) is a lake in northern Montenegro, best known for its heart-like shape. Located at an altitude of 1517 metres, it is popular with local summer campers. It is 700 metres (2,300 ft) long and 400 metres (1,300 ft) wide set amidst a "huge amphitheater of rocky peaks". The lake is drained from the Maglić, the Maja e Vjelakut and the Bioč hill ranges. The north side of the lake which is open has the wooded Vratnice. The lake water has a deep green-blue colour.

official language

Mari El Republic

Meadow Mari

['egyptian', 'mongolian', 'french', 'bable', 'galician', 'finnish', 'urdu', 'berber s', 'bahasa malaysia', 'tigrinya', 'slovene', 'kongo', 'armenian', 'khasi', 'flemish dutch', 'moldavian', 'aceh', 'manx gaelic', 'latin american spanish', 'old english', 'serbian', 'maltese islands', 'inuktitut', 'macedonian slavic', 'middle persian', 'hangul', 'lydian', 'niuean', 'kachin state', 'kyrgyz', 'bosniak', 'traditional chinese', 'kirghiz', 'norman', 'sotho', 'church slavonic', 'cantonese', 'tamazight', 'greek peninsula', 'acehnese', 'romanian', 'bosnian', 'chinese', 'chuvash', 'rwanda', 'hungarian', 'nenets', 'medieval greek', 'mandarin', 'occitan', 'marshallese', 'swedish', 'albanian', 'hawaiian', 'comorian', 'valencian', 'balinese', 'ancient greek', 'khakas', 'aragonese', 'classical greek', 'dhivehi', 'croatian', 'old church slavonic', 'francophonie', 'irish', 'sinhala', 'tajiki', 'sango', 'grecia', 'german', 'marathi', 'komi', 'turkish', 'assyrian', 'amazigh', 'sami s', 'aramaic', 'tswana', 'european union', 'swahili', 'sal', 'estonian', 'mam', 'nynorsk', 'oriya', 'stress', 'berber', 'kirundi', 'chechen', 'akkadian', 'abkhaz', 'belorussian', 'esperanto', 'crimean tatar', 'tuvaluan', 'bahasa melayu', 'french creole', 'old persian']

Pugachov's Oak

Pugachov's Oak (Meadow Mari: Пугачёв тумо, Russian: Дуб Пугачёва) is a major tree in Marii Chodra national park, Mari El Republic, Russian Federation. It is estimated to date to about 1500, is 1.2 m in diameter, and 26 m high. Legend says that after the defeat in the battle of Kazan and retreat to the Mari forests, the rest of Pugachov's troops stayed under the oak, and Pugachov personally watched the burning of Kazan from this oak. However, there are doubts that the particular oak is the tree Pugachov's rebels stayed under, and some researchers consider that tree is estimated to date to about 1650 and at the time of Pugachov revolt it was an ordinary tree. Another major oak tree, estimated to date to about 1400 existed in the nearby fields until the 1940s, when it died and was sawed in the 1950s. It was possibly the original Pugachov's Oak.

official language

Papua New Guinea

Tok Pisin

['greek islands', 'ossetian', 'quechua', 'oriya', 'vietnamese', 'catalan', 'czech', 'comorian', 'nynorsk', 'elamite', 'icelandic', 'hispano', 'anglo', 'tetum', 'bable', 'slovak', 'inari', 'bahasa malaysia', 'basque', 'serbian', 'turkmen', 'marshallese', 'lowland scots', 'hindustani', 'tongan', 'dzongkha', 'luxembourgish', 'malagasy', 'mam', 'francophonie', 'afghanistan', 'laotian', 'maltese islands', 'northern sami', 'magyar', 'ingush', 'hebraic', 'pomoan', 'brazilian portuguese', 'asturian', 'chhattisgarhi', 'avar', 'lao', 'turkic', 'bashkir', 'malta', 'ancient greek', 'dhivehi', 'kalaallisut', 'hindi', 'tamil', 'swazi', 'amazigh', 'church slavonic', 'montenegrin', 'national', 'inuktitut', 'bahasa indonesia', 'aymara', 'faroese', 'etruscan', 'traditional chinese', 'slovakian', 'irish', 'dari', 'seychellois', 'stress', 'buryat', 'common market', 'french', 'macedonian', 'circassian', 'abaza', 'berber', 'castilian', 'sesotho', 'kabardian', 'kannada', 'kazakh', 'russified', 'azeri turkish', 'guoyu', 'bosniak', 'bashkortostan', 'akkad', 'galician', 'ancient egyptian', 'urdu', 'crimean tatar', 'luxemburgish', 'croat', 'kichwa', 'moldova', 'slovenija', 'european portuguese', 'aceh', 'chichewa', 'inari sami', 'japanese']

Motu language

Motu (sometimes called Pure Motu or True Motu to distinguish it from Hiri Motu) is one of many Central Papuan Tip languages and is spoken by the Motuans, native inhabitants of Papua New Guinea. It is commonly used today in the region, particularly around the capital, Port Moresby. A simplified form of Motu developed as a trade language in the Papuan region, in the southeast of the main island of New Guinea, originally known as Police Motu, and today known as Hiri Motu. After Tok Pisin and English, Hiri Motu was at the time of independence the third most commonly spoken of the more than 800 languages of Papua New Guinea, although its use has been declining for some years, mainly in favour of Tok Pisin. Motu is classified as one of the Malayo-Polynesian languages and bears some linguistic similarities to Polynesian and Micronesian languages. Motu is a typical Austronesian language in that it is heavily vowel-based. Every Motu syllable ends in a vowel sound — this may be preceded by a single consonant (there are no "consonant clusters"). Vowel sounds may be either "pure" (consisting of a single basic sound) or diphthong (consisting of more than one basic sound). There are only five "pure" vowel sounds (approximately those of Italian); Motu diphthongs are written (and pronounced) as combinations of two "pure" vowels. The diphthongs "oi" and "oe" (both approximately like the diphthong in the English word "boy"), ""ai" and "ae" (both approximately like the diphthong in the English word "high") and "ao" and "au" (both approximately like the diphthong in the English word "cow") are the only vowel sounds that present difficulties.[citation needed] There are sixteen consonants. These are b, d, g, gw, h, k, kw, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, and the velar fricative (ɣ), usually written as ḡ. The letter "r" is an alveolar lateral flap or "flapped r"; its IPA symbol is (ɺ), and it is closer to "l" than the equivalent consonant in English. In practice, the letters "r" and "l" form a single phoneme to native speakers of Motu. There is no letter "f": When it occurs in loan words, it is usually represented as "p". Motu Braille has the usual letter assignments apart from ḡ, which is ⠿.

official language

Tajikistan

Tajiki

['chinese', 'serbian', 'norman', 'urdu', 'papiamento', 'esperanto', 'spanish', 'bahasa melayu', 'old church slavonic', 'azerbaijani', 'ossetic', 'afrikaans', 'ryukyuan', 'danish', 'macedonian slavic', 'dutch', 'dhivehi', 'chamorro', 'moldavian', 'balinese', 'greek peninsula', 'european portuguese', 'chhattisgarhi', 'magyar', 'aragonese', 'somali', 'moldova', 'dzongkha', 'slovene', 'european union', 'amazigh', 'ossetian', 'ukraine', 'finland', 'moksha', 'anglo', 'kaz', 'bislama', 'inari sami', 'old russian', 'hebrew', 'bosnian', 'amharic', 'bashkir', 'lao', 'bable', 'albanian', 'british english', 'classical greek', 'pomoan s', 'english', 'venda', 'francophonie', 'chechen', 'european spanish', 'kichwa', 'italians', 'scottish', 'armenia', 'stress', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'hispano', 'traditional chinese', 'maltese islands', 'adyghe', 'luxemburgish', 'aranese', 'sesotho', 'northern sami', 'zulu', 'bahasa malaysia', 'nenets', 'thai', 'germanophone', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'nynorsk', 'french creole', 'finnish border', 'icelandic', 'malta', 'kiswahili', 'berber s', 'germanic', 'welsh', 'sango', 'occitan', 'inari', 'greenlandic', 'ingush', 'latvian', 'pilipino', 'hungarian', 'telugu', 'rwanda', 'xhosa', 'azeri', 'russified', 'romani', 'luxembourgeois']

Nurek Dam

The Nurek Dam (Tajik: Нерӯгоҳи обии Норак, Nerūgohi obii Norak, Tajiki for Nurek Hydro-electric Station) is an earth-fill embankment dam on the Vakhsh River in Tajikistan. Its primary purpose is hydroelectric power generation and its power station has an installed capacity of 3,015 MW. Construction of the dam began in 1961 and the power station's first generator was commissioned in 1972. The last generator was commissioned in 1979 and the entire project was completed in 1980 when Tajikistan was still a republic within the Soviet Union. At 300 m (984 ft), it is currently the second tallest man-made dam in the world. The Rogun Dam, also along the Vakhsh in Tajikistan, may exceed it in size when completed.

official language

Papua

English

['moldovan', 'old catalan', 'egyptian', 'hangul', 'maldivian', 'palauan', 'portuguese', 'czech', 'isixhosa', 'dari persian', 'mandarin chinese', 'ger', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'slavonic', 'serbian latin', 'tigrinya', 'skolt sami', 'europe', 'stress', 'nynorsk', 'tswana', 'seselwa', 'sotho', 'veneto', 'written chinese', 'spanish', 'hispanic', 'tetun', 'sal', 'kiswahili', 'french', 'chuvash', 'hawaiian', 'mam', 'asturian', 'tatar', 'estonian', 'nauruan', 'occitan', 'slovenija', 'turkish', 'greek people', 'udmurt', 'lydian', 'assyrian', 'punjabi', 'icelandic', 'rutul', 'pomoan s', 'circassian', 'polish', 'cantonese', 'macedonian', 'grecia', 'latin american spanish', 'slovenia', 'oriya', 'guarani', 'pomoan', 'hispano', 'gaelic', 'chhattisgarhi', 'filipino', 'elamite', 'azerbaijani', 'niuean', 'anglo', 'korean', 'chamoru', 'romanian', 'basque', 'inari', 'faroese', 'old ruthenian', 'irish gaelic', 'kiribati', 'bahasa melayu', 'high german', 'quechua', 'slovene', 'castilian', 'kumyk', 'german', 'common market', 'koine greek', 'bulgarian', 'khakas', 'old irish', 'papiamento', 'cymraeg', 'carolinian', 'telugu', 'hindi', 'maltese', 'kaz', 'chuvashia', 'latin', 'northern sami', 'greek']

Vincent Eri

Sir Vincent Serei Eri, GCMG (12 September 1936, in Moveave, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea – 25 May 1993, in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea) was the fifth Governor General of Papua New Guinea and is often cited as being the first Papua New Guinean national to write a novel, The Crocodile in English. It was published in 1970 but Ligeremaluoga is quoted as having published a book called "The Noble Savage" in 1932. It was an account of his life up until approximately 1932.

official language

Nederlandse Antillen

Papiamentu

['setswana', 'irish', 'khmer', 'ancient egyptian', 'berber', 'pomo', 'european spanish', 'farsi', 'swahili', 'tsonga', 'europe', 'middle persian', 'chuvash', 'assyrian', 'fijian', 'romanian', 'kazakh', 'croat', 'chamoru', 'luxembourgish', 'castellano', 'latin american spanish', 'galician', 'belorussian', 'karelia', 'lao', 'bislama', 'norwegian', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'italy', 'khasi', 'written chinese', 'georgian', 'mari', 'nenets', 'chuvashia', 'adyghe', 'aragonese', 'parsi', 'bashkir', 'ossetic', 'ottoman turkish', 'lowland scots', 'ukrainian', 'kurdish', 'latvian', 'greenlandic', 'maltese', 'moldova', 'buryat', 'kiribati', 'hebrew', 'albania', 'circassian', 'turkic', 'great russian', 'serbian cyrillic', 'armenian', 'hangul', 'malayalam', 'bahasa melayu', 'gaelic', 'malayalam music', 'marathi', 'cyprus', 'abaza', 'persian', 'norman', 'chuvash republic', 'nynorsk', 'elamite', 'venetian', 'ancient greek', 'azerbaijani', 'old english', 'abkhaz', 'byzantine greek', 'serbian latin', 'sotho', 'dargwa', 'ottoman', 'hungarian', 'european portuguese', 'mandarin', 'kalmyk', 'avar', 'polish', 'isixhosa', 'maldivian', 'ellada', 'kabardian', 'anglo', 'latin', 'maltese islands', 'magyar', 'turkmen', 'moldavian', 'sami', 'romansh']

Netherlands Antilles

The Netherlands Antilles (Dutch: Nederlandse Antillen [ˈneːdərˌlɑntsə ɑnˈtɪlə(n)]; Papiamentu: Antia Hulandes) were a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands consisting of several island territories located in the Caribbean. They were also informally known as the Dutch Antilles. The country came into being in 1954 as the autonomous successor of the Dutch colony of Curaçao and Dependencies and was completely dissolved in 2010. The former Dutch colony of Surinam, although it was relatively close by on the continent of South America, did not become part of Netherlands Antilles but became a separate autonomous country at the same time. All of the islands territories that belonged to the Netherlands Antilles remain part of the Kingdom today, although the legal status of each differs, and as a group they are still referred to as the Dutch Caribbean regardless of their legal status.

official language

Cape Verde

Creole

['belorussian', 'ingush', 'slovenian', 'old english', 'esperanto', 'malaysian', 'maltese islands', 'zulu', 'parsi', 'kirghiz', 'hebrew', 'old french', 'inari sami', 'carolinian', 'inari', 'moldovan', 'dari persian', 'occitan', 'old persian', 'turkish', 'tetum', 'bosniak', 'old east slavic', 'leonese', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'cebuano', 'finnish border', 'farsi', 'hawaiian', 'malay', 'slovakian', 'italians', 'kalaallisut', 'ger', 'manchu', 'uzbek', 'sami s', 'old welsh', 'turkic', 'bable', 'cymraeg', 'albanian', 'old catalan', 'inuinnaqtun', 'kiribati', 'guoyu', 'luxemburgish', 'koine greek', 'comorian', 'old irish', 'latin', 'egyptian', 'mandarin chinese', 'old ruthenian', 'javanese', 'nynorsk', 'anglo', 'sicilian', 'tswana', 'chuvash republic', 'old church slavonic', 'kongo', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'maltese', 'kinyarwanda', 'kumyk', 'malayalam music', 'isixhosa', 'samoan', 'chichewa', 'classical greek', 'cantonese', 'finnish', 'tatar', 'bashkortostan', 'finland', 'grecia', 'afghanistan', 'romansh', 'tok pisin', 'hindi', 'tongan', 'kaz', 'chukchi', 'british english', 'chuvashia', 'ellada', 'nenets', 'northern sami', 'armenia', 'kashubian', 'kyrgyz', 'german', 'icelandic', 'cyprus', 'papiamento', 'kirundi', 'meadow mari', 'adyghe']

O dialecto crioulo de Cabo Verde

O dialecto crioulo de Cabo Verde (Portuguese meaning "The Creole Dialect from Cape Verde") is a Capeverdean book published in 1957 by Baltasar Lopes da Silva. The book is a description of the Cape Verdean Creole including the grammar, the phonology and the lexicon. Despite not being up to date, it is still one of the best references for Cape Verdean Creole.

official language

Ticino

Italian

['old ruthenian', 'cantonese', 'occitan', 'ancient egyptian', 'malaysian', 'pomoan s', 'amharic', 'ossetian', 'berber', 'irish', 'pomoan', 'sotho', 'chewa', 'west frisian', 'malayalam', 'finnish', 'pilipino', 'greek cypriot', 'khakas', 'asturian', 'karelia', 'dhivehi', 'zulu', 'dargwa', 'dari', 'magyar', 'dzongkha', 'medieval greek', 'maltese', 'haitian creole', 'ottoman turkish', 'rwanda', 'tajiki', 'kazakh', 'belorussian', 'finland', 'romani', 'samoan', 'chuvash', 'old east slavic', 'anglo', 'rutul', 'old french', 'gaeilge', 'grecia', 'aymara', 'kachin state', 'bengali', 'maltese islands', 'kabardian', 'abkhazian', 'romansh', 'papiamentu', 'kiswahili', 'european union', 'irish gaelic', 'ukrainian', 'lithuanian', 'avar', 'chuvashia', 'tuvaluan', 'old italian', 'national', 'castellano', 'cyprus', 'luxemburgish', 'macedonian slavic', 'latin', 'lydian', 'icelandic', 'slovak', 'old russian', 'acehnese', 'bulgarian', 'common market', 'crimean tatar', 'xhosa', 'sami s', 'manchu', 'basque', 'luxembourgish', 'french', 'tibetan', 'albania', 'urdu', 'malagasy', 'malayalam music', 'gaelic', 'hebrew', 'swazi', 'germanophone', 'latin american spanish', 'serbian latin', 'italy', 'kashubian', 'esperantists', 'hebraic', 'nepali', 'bulgarian cyrillic']

Lugano–Cadro–Dino railway

The Lugano–Cadro–Dino railway (Italian: Ferrovia Lugano–Cadro–Dino; LCD) was a Swiss metre gauge suburban railway that linked the towns of Lugano, Cadro and Dino, in the canton of Ticino. The line was opened in 1911. It was 7.8 kilometres (4.8 mi) long, and was electrified at 1000 V DC using overhead lines. It commenced from a terminus in Piazza Manzoni on the Lake Lugano waterfront, had 16 stops, a maximum gradient of 4% and a minimum radius of 40 metres (130 ft). The first 2 kilometres (1.2 mi), as far as the line's depot at Lugano La Santa, was laid in the street, but from there to Dino the line occupied its own right of way. In addition to the suburban railway service, the LCD also operated an urban tramway service over its tracks between Piazza Manzoni and La Santa. This tram service was independent of the urban tram system operated by the Azienda Comunale del Traffico (ACT), although the two systems' tracks did cross each other near Piazza Manzoni. In 1950, three tram cars of the Mendrisio tramway were acquired by the LCD, and used on the tram service, with cars running every 15 minutes. This service lasted until 1964, when it was replaced by an ACT bus service. However suburban trains, from Piazza Manzoni to Dino, continued to use the street track. The line was cut back from Piazza Manzoni to Piazza Indipendenza in 1967, and then finally closed in 1970. The trains were replaced by a regional bus service, which subsequently merged with that of the Lugano–Tesserete railway, and today operates as the Autolinee Regionali Luganesi. Little remains of the street track between Piazza Manzoni and La Santa, but the depot at the latter location is still in use by the ARL as a bus garage. From here it is possible to trace the line, which was on its own right of way, and included tunnels and bridges, as far as Dino. The station building at Dino has been restored and now houses a grocery store. An original open-sided trailer car of the LCD has been restored and is preserved on the Blonay–Chamby Museum Railway. One of the cars acquired from the Mendrisio tramway has since been restored to its original state and is now on display at the Hotel Coronado in Mendrisio.

official language

Krokom Municipality

Swedish

['old welsh', 'ingush', 'greek people', 'hungarian', 'esperanto', 'nenets', 'sesotho', 'scottish', 'norwegian', 'ukrainian', 'moldovan', 'serbian cyrillic', 'hawaiian', 'maltese', 'chhattisgarhi', 'national', 'great russian', 'kalmyk', 'erzya', 'pomoan', 'moksha', 'germanic', 'crimean tatar', 'traditional chinese', 'veneto', 'sicilian', 'chuvash republic', 'tuvan', 'palauan', 'cantonese', 'common market', 'romansh', 'guoyu', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'kven', 'azeri turkish', 'european spanish', 'ossetian', 'sal', 'berber s', 'lydian', 'meadow mari', 'khakas', 'nauruan', 'northern sotho', 'korean', 'karelia', 'moldova', 'cypriot', 'samoan', 'rwanda', 'old bulgarian', 'old catalan', 'etruscan', 'dzongkha', 'slovenia', 'shona', 'cymraeg', 'berber', 'german', 'kinyarwanda', 'written chinese', 'comorian', 'hispano', 'aragonese', 'francophonie', 'swahili', 'javanese', 'aceh', 'filipino', 'hellenic', 'germanophone', 'old french', 'castellano', 'tetun', 'cyprus', 'siswati', 'mam', 'marshallese', 'kurdish', 'mandarin chinese', 'chechen', 'ancient egyptian', 'venda', 'tamazight', 'malay', 'hebrew', 'circassian', 'church slavonic', 'belorussian', 'turkish', 'irish gaelic', 'dutch', 'russified', 'chuvash', 'hindi', 'mari', 'welsh', 'inuktitut']

Krokom Municipality

Krokom Municipality (Swedish: Krokoms kommun) is a municipality in Jämtland County in northern Sweden. Its seat is located in Krokom. The present municipality was formed in 1974, when the former municipalities of Alsen, Föllinge, Offerdal and Rödön were amalgamated. The number of original local government entities in the area is nine, and amalgamations had also taken place in 1952 and 1969.

official language

Kalajoki

Finnish

['sesotho', 'castilian spanish', 'mongol', 'turkic', 'romani', 'sinhalese', 'afrikaans', 'kashubian', 'magyar', 'hispano', 'dari persian', 'lezgian', 'bulgarian', 'lithuanian', 'tajiki', 'old catalan', 'chinese', 'hispanic', 'uzbekistan', 'seychellois', 'cebuano', 'anglo', 'papiamento', 'tetun', 'swedish', 'sotho', 'venda', 'mam', 'kyrgyz', 'kirundi', 'english grammar', 'telegu', 'russified', 'tigrinya', 'bengali', 'tuvaluan', 'swazi', 'slovene', 'cymraeg', 'korean', 'armenian', 'ossetic', 'mandarin', 'danish', 'moldovan', 'pitkern', 'karelia', 'ottoman turkish', 'romanian', 'koine greek', 'inari', 'inuinnaqtun', 'old italian', 'tajik', 'hebrew', 'chuvashia', 'marshallese', 'cypriot', 'sami s', 'slovenia', 'latin american spanish', 'byzantine greek', 'chewa', 'berber', 'ukraine', 'bosnian', 'etruscan', 'estonian', 'macedonian', 'erzya', 'montenegrin', 'greek cypriot', 'luxembourgeois', 'old east slavic', 'carolinian', 'tamazight', 'rutul', 'cyprus', 'european portuguese', 'european communities', 'uzbek', 'siswati', 'greek peninsula', 'chamoru', 'galician', 'sicilian', 'seselwa', 'lydian', 'northern sotho', 'macedonian slavic', 'spanish', 'parsi', 'punjabi', 'gaeilge', 'tongan', 'pomo', 'persian', 'dari', 'bashkortostan']

Miika Antti-Roiko

Miika Antti-Roiko (born 20 November 1988 in Kalajoki, Finland) is a Finnish weightlifter. He competed for Finland at the 2012 Summer Olympics, finishing 19th on Men's 94 kg.

official language

Central African Republic

French

['ancient greek', 'aceh', 'abaza', 'amharic', 'italians', 'ottoman', 'urdu', 'cyprus', 'luxembourgish', 'tetun', 'cymraeg', 'northern sotho', 'tongan', 'guarani', 'tajiki', 'kiribati', 'latin', 'skolt sami', 'castellano', 'chamoru', 'old english', 'japanese', 'tuvaluan', 'national', 'akkad', 'lowland scots', 'mongolian', 'manx gaelic', 'malay', 'samoan', 'kumyk', 'inuktitut', 'germanophone', 'mam', 'akkadian', 'stress', 'tsonga', 'turkmen', 'hebraic', 'europe', 'slovene', 'catalonian', 'javanese', 'sami', 'avar', 'farsi', 'bosniak', 'greenlandic', 'nuristani', 'indonesian', 'latin american spanish', 'kirghiz', 'adyghe', 'pilipino', 'maltese archipelago', 'ancient egyptian', 'scottish', 'faroese', 'uzbek', 'kinyarwanda', 'creole', 'nauruan', 'dargwa', 'portuguese', 'azeri turkish', 'zulu', 'finnish', 'ryukyuan', 'marshallese', 'maltese', 'chechen', 'greek peninsula', 'anglo', 'afrikaans', 'hispano', 'gaeilge', 'estonian', 'fijian', 'kongo', 'seychellois', 'albanian', 'kven', 'kabardian', 'armenian', 'armenia', 'dutch', 'kyrgyz', 'moldovan', 'russian', 'classical greek', 'quechua', 'kichwa', 'old ruthenian', 'danish', 'vietnamese', 'tigrinya', 'buryat', 'seselwa', 'germanic']

Bongo Massif

The Bongo Massif (French: massif des Bongo), also known as the Tondou Massif, is a mountain range in north-eastern Central African Republic, near the Sudan border. The source of Bahr al-Arab is found within the massif. South of the massif is the Plateau of Ouadda (Coordinates: 08°40′0″N22°25′0″E / 8.66667°N 22.41667°E).

official language

Bulgarian Orthodox Church

bulgarian

['hungarian', 'catalan', 'italian', 'ellada', 'manchu', 'udmurt', 'tatar', 'kichwa', 'dargwa', 'mari', 'urdu', 'ottoman', 'veneto', 'slovenian', 'chamorro', 'spanish', 'church slavonic', 'cyprus', 'crimean tatar', 'tamazight', 'hangul', 'inari', 'bahasa melayu', 'tetum', 'sinhalese', 'german', 'chukchi', 'skolt sami', 'azeri turkish', 'lydian', 'rwanda', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'maltese', 'pomoan s', 'old irish', 'marshallese', 'divehi', 'grecia', 'west frisian', 'elamite', 'somali', 'rutul', 'abaza', 'kyrgyz', 'indonesian', 'khakas', 'luxembourgeois', 'parsi', 'albania', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'tigrinya', 'japanese', 'slovene', 'kaz', 'afghanistan', 'serbian cyrillic', 'egyptian', 'pilipino', 'chechen', 'slovenia', 'nuristani', 'sal', 'siswati', 'ryukyuan', 'old italian', 'kumyk', 'northern sotho', 'maldivian', 'luxembourgish', 'slavonic', 'portuguese', 'cypriot', 'european union', 'irish gaelic', 'kalmyk', 'buryat', 'slovakian', 'kabardian', 'amazigh', 'old russian', 'venetian', 'farsi', 'chuvash', 'mongolian', 'samoan', 'macedonian slavic', 'chuvash republic', 'kazakh', 'putonghua', 'castilian', 'byzantine greek', 'russified', 'inuinnaqtun', 'carolinian', 'malagasy', 'esperantists', 'kinyarwanda', 'traditional chinese', 'germanic']

Church of the Holy Mother of God, Plovdiv

The Church of the Holy Mother of God (Bulgarian: Църква Света Богородица) is a Bulgarian National Revival church in Bulgaria's second largest city Plovdiv. The church is situated in the Old town of Plovdiv on one of the city's seven hills, Nebet Tepe. A small church existed on that place since the 9th century. The church was renovated in 1186 by the bishop of Plovdiv Constantine Pantehi and it became part of a monastery. Both the church and the monastery were destroyed when the Ottoman Turks conquered the city in 1371 during the course of the Bulgarian-Ottoman Wars. The current edifice was constructed in 1844 as the main church of the city. It was a large three-nave pseudo-basilica was built by craftsmen from Bratsigovo and the first ktitors were wealthy merchants from the town of Koprivshtitsa. The iconostasis was made by carvers from Bulgarian School of Debar. Most of the church's icons were created by the painter Nikola of Odrin. On 25 December 1859 and again on 10 January 1860 the bishop of Plovdiv Paisius held a service in Bulgarian language and publicly announced that his congregation denounced the Greek Patriarch of Istanbul which became a great scandal and Plovdiv became the most radical center for the struggle of the autonomy of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. On 30 April Paisius organized a Church and People's counsel in which the citizens were also represented in order to discuss the church question. Plovdiv sent a delegation to the Ottoman government asking officially for an autonomous Church. That Counsel was held annually until 1870 when the Bulgarian Exarchate was recognized by the Ottomans. In 1881, three years after the Liberation of Bulgaria the architect Josef Schnitter constructed a three-story domed belfry near the western entrance of the church. On the belfry there is an inscription which reads "In memory of the liberators" as gratitude of the citizens to the Russian soldiers who liberated the city on 4 January 1878.

official language

Byzantine

medieval Greek

['kachin state', 'old church slavonic', 'hangul', 'serbian cyrillic', 'sotho', 'europe', 'afrikaans', 'kannada', 'finland', 'amharic', 'tamil', 'punic', 'norwegian', 'carolinian', 'moldovan', 'rwanda', 'romani', 'chuvash', 'ottoman', 'kashubian', 'turkmen', 'tatar', 'church slavonic', 'italians', 'somali', 'old italian', 'northern sami', 'scottish', 'latvian', 'old irish', 'khasi', 'skolt sami', 'palauan', 'parsi', 'tibetan', 'marathi', 'kiribati', 'pomoan s', 'koine greek', 'maltese islands', 'abaza', 'esperanto', 'venda', 'hebraic', 'european union', 'berber s', 'egyptian', 'british english', 'papiamentu', 'lezgian', 'sango', 'chichewa', 'chuvashia', 'ryukyuan', 'gaelic', 'kongo', 'middle persian', 'castilian', 'siswati', 'abkhazian', 'slovenian', 'pitkern', 'tswana', 'castilian spanish', 'hindustani', 'esperantists', 'georgian', 'belarusian', 'swazi', 'portuguese', 'nepali', 'sinhalese', 'english grammar', 'buryat', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'armenia', 'greek cypriot', 'setswana', 'grecia', 'armenian', 'chuvash republic', 'czech', 'slovenija', 'swedish', 'javanese', 'gaeilge', 'ossetian', 'fijian', 'samoan', 'azeri', 'spanish', 'european portuguese', 'manchu', 'finnish', 'asturian', 'indonesian', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'greek people', 'cymraeg']

Hieronymus Wolf

Hieronymus Wolf (13 August 1516 - 8 October 1580) was a sixteenth-century German historian and humanist, most famous for introducing a system of Byzantine historiography that eventually became the standard in works of medieval Greek history.

official language

West Papua Province

Indonesian

['maldivian', 'chewa', 'malayalam music', 'malaysian', 'guoyu', 'kalmyk', 'tamil', 'icelandic', 'nenets', 'middle persian', 'bengali', 'swazi', 'ottoman turkish', 'tsonga', 'comorian', 'divehi', 'old irish', 'abkhaz', 'romanian', 'classical greek', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'aramaic', 'lithuanian', 'koine greek', 'niue', 'simplified chinese', 'telegu', 'european spanish', 'avar', 'hindustani', 'sal', 'old italian', 'lao', 'sami', 'kalaallisut', 'traditional chinese', 'adyghe', 'luxembourgish', 'albanian', 'kaz', 'ossetian', 'chinese', 'chuvash', 'polish', 'belarusian', 'hellenic', 'moldovan', 'pomo', 'norman', 'skolt sami', 'seselwa', 'sinhala', 'georgian', 'berber', 'tetum', 'macedonian', 'chhattisgarhi', 'kyrgyz', 'ancient egyptian', 'palauan', 'greek peninsula', 'sango', 'gaelic', 'bahasa malaysia', 'cypriot', 'vietnamese', 'romansh', 'azeri', 'scottish', 'urdu', 'pitkern', 'malagasy', 'slovenija', 'luxembourgeois', 'oriya', 'northern sotho', 'hebrew', 'bable', 'bashkortostan', 'nepali', 'croatian', 'tswana', 'khmer', 'european union', 'cantonese', 'turkish', 'old welsh', 'catalan', 'zulu', 'cyprus', 'manchu', 'dargwa', 'stress', 'kirundi', 'brazilian portuguese', 'erzya', 'komi', 'germanophone', 'abkhazian']

West Papua (province)

West Papua (Indonesian: Papua Barat) is a province of Indonesia. It covers the two western peninsulas of the island of New Guinea. Its capital is Manokwari, although the largest city is Sorong, and the 2010 census recorded a population of 760,855; the latest official estimate (as at January 2014) is 877,437. West Papua Province was created from the western portion of Papua (province) in February 2003, initially under the name of West Irian Jaya' (Indonesian: Irian Jaya Barat); it received its current name in 2007. The province covers the Bird's Head (Doberai) and Bomberai peninsulas and the surrounding islands of Raja Ampat. With a population of 877,437 in 2014, it is the least populous province of Indonesia except for the newly created province of North Kalimantan.

official language

Qing Dynasty

chinese

['dhivehi', 'french creole', 'malay', 'nauruan', 'ottoman turkish', 'greek islands', 'galician', 'hindustani', 'kiribati', 'old welsh', 'hangul', 'maldivian', 'romanian', 'montenegrin', 'scottish', 'greek peninsula', 'bahasa melayu', 'luxembourgeois', 'khasi', 'swedish', 'chuvash republic', 'bengali', 'swazi', 'hispanic', 'egyptian', 'aranese', 'skolt sami', 'pomo', 'urdu', 'slovak', 'marshallese', 'kannada', 'inuktitut', 'chamoru', 'europe', 'seychellois', 'russian', 'telugu', 'european portuguese', 'georgian', 'latvian', 'catalan', 'northern sami', 'tigrinya', 'serbian latin', 'malagasy', 'inuinnaqtun', 'old ruthenian', 'old russian', 'italians', 'telegu', 'ossetic', 'francophonie', 'ingush', 'siswati', 'albanian', 'icelandic', 'lowland scots', 'common market', 'venetian', 'somali', 'sesotho', 'church slavonic', 'aceh', 'xhosa', 'hungarian', 'pitkern', 'lithuanian', 'european union', 'kichwa', 'kazakh', 'west frisian', 'tibetan', 'slovakian', 'medieval greek', 'chichewa', 'esperantists', 'old english', 'croat', 'zulu', 'afrikaans', 'khmer', 'buryat', 'norman', 'old east slavic', 'malayalam music', 'hawaiian', 'abkhazian', 'malta', 'tamil', 'tetum', 'national', 'kachin state', 'marathi', 'latin', 'uzbekistan', 'tok pisin', 'karelia', 'assyrian']

James Flint (merchant)

James Flint (?1720-?) was an 18th-century British merchant and diplomat employed by the East India Company and noted for his role in precipitating the Canton System of Chinese trade with the West. One of the first English people to learn the Chinese language, Flint broke Qing Dynasty court protocol through a direct complaint to the Qianlong Emperor, which led to three years of detention in the Portuguese colony of Macau. In later life, he was jointly responsible for the introduction of the soybean to North America.

official language

San Marino

Italian

['germanophone', 'kalaallisut', 'maltese islands', 'serbian', 'creole', 'azeri', 'amharic', 'kiribati', 'tetun', 'khakas', 'dari', 'danish', 'nuristani', 'old ruthenian', 'church slavonic', 'old catalan', 'finnish border', 'amazigh', 'slovak', 'urdu', 'nenets', 'niuean', 'gaelic', 'tibetan', 'japanese', 'niue', 'mongolian', 'ottoman turkish', 'karelia', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'acehnese', 'catalonian', 'serbian cyrillic', 'marshallese', 'papiamento', 'setswana', 'azeri turkish', 'fijian', 'lowland scots', 'kyrgyz', 'finland', 'castilian spanish', 'european spanish', 'ossetic', 'russian', 'zulu', 'luxembourgish', 'high german', 'swedish', 'marathi', 'sinhala', 'moldavian', 'old italian', 'norman', 'old french', 'malayalam music', 'ryukyuan', 'bislama', 'europe', 'albania', 'afghanistan', 'vietnamese', 'uzbek', 'spanish', 'manx gaelic', 'turkic', 'bengali', 'slovenian', 'erzya', 'national', 'hungarian', 'moldovan', 'maltese archipelago', 'ancient greek', 'dari persian', 'parsi', 'flemish dutch', 'guoyu', 'assyrian', 'divehi', 'cypriot', 'mandarin chinese', 'aceh', 'gaeilge', 'welsh', 'lezgian', 'kven', 'lao', 'putonghua', 'greek', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'tamazight', 'finnish', 'northern sami', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'frisian', 'venda', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'kannada']

Diego Mularoni

Diego Mularoni (born November 27, 1979) is a Sammarinese former swimmer, who specialized in freestyle events. He is a three-time Olympian (1996, 2000, and 2004), and a current Sammarinese record holder in the 100, 200, 400, and 1500 m freestyle since 2001. He has won a total of 13 medals (six golds, five silver, and two bronze) at the Games of the Small States of Europe. Mularoni made his official debut, as San Marino's only swimmer (aged 16), at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. He failed to reach the top 16 final in the 100 m freestyle, finishing in fifty-ninth place with a time of 57.11. In 1999, Mularoni reached his breakthrough in swimming, when he earned two gold medals each in the 400 and 1500 m freestyle at the Games of the Small States of Europe (GSSE) in Vaduz, Liechtenstein. Mularoni also proved his strength in long-distance swimming at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, when he decided to compete in the 1500 m freestyle, which was later dominated by host nation Australia's Grant Hackett. Swimming in heat two, he rounded out a field of six swimmers to last place and thirty-ninth overall in 16:12.91. When San Marino hosted the 2001 Games of the Small States of Europe in Serravalle, Mularoni managed to defend titles in the 400 m freestyle (3:56.73) and 1500 m freestyle (15:57.20). He also set two Sanmarinese records each to earn silver medals in the 100 m freestyle (52.83) and 200 m freestyle (1:53.70). At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Mularoni was elected by the Sammarinese National Olympic Committee (Italian: Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Sammarinese), as San Marino's top swimmer, to be the flag bearer in the opening ceremony. He qualified only for the men's 200 m freestyle by clearing a FINA B-standard entry time of 1:53.87 from GSSE in Valletta, Malta. He challenged seven other swimmers in heat three, including 16-year-old Shaune Fraser of the Cayman Islands. He rounded out the field to last place by a 3.16-second margin behind winner Aleksandar Malenko of Macedonia in 1:56.18. Mularoni failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed fifty-sixth overall in the preliminaries.

official language

Dagestan

Avar

['armenian', 'japanese', 'hebrew', 'sinhala', 'slovenian', 'veneto', 'dari persian', 'somali', 'slovenija', 'amharic', 'mam', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'bulgarian', 'asturian', 'chewa', 'dutch', 'swahili', 'greek islands', 'bahasa malaysia', 'europe', 'ukraine', 'kinyarwanda', 'macedonian slavic', 'montenegrin', 'catalan', 'sal', 'abkhaz', 'hellenic', 'scottish', 'old church slavonic', 'catalonian', 'siswati', 'luxembourgeois', 'chuvash republic', 'swazi', 'inuinnaqtun', 'chuvashia', 'european spanish', 'seselwa', 'telugu', 'croat', 'lithuanian', 'akkad', 'filipino', 'slavonic', 'magyar', 'elamite', 'pilipino', 'luxembourgish', 'nenets', 'mongol', 'hangul', 'cypriot', 'azeri turkish', 'udmurt', 'balinese', 'comorian', 'bable', 'kyrgyz', 'moksha', 'romanian', 'northern sami', 'welsh', 'faroese', 'hebraic', 'esperanto', 'maldivian', 'laotian', 'simplified chinese', 'chamoru', 'church slavonic', 'bislama', 'creole', 'greek', 'javanese', 'aragonese', 'manx gaelic', 'hawaiian', 'national', 'aceh', 'nepali', 'chichewa', 'divehi', 'kiswahili', 'inari sami', 'sicilian', 'pomoan s', 'irish', 'moldovan', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'erzya', 'old persian', 'middle persian', 'inari', 'bosnian', 'pitkern', 'georgian', 'tok pisin', 'tsonga']

Untsukulsky District

Untsukulsky District (Russian: Унцукульский райо́н; Avar: Унсоколо мухъ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the center of the republic. The area of the district is 560 square kilometers (220 sq mi).[citation needed] Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Untsukul. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 29,547, with the population of Untsukul accounting for 21.2% of that number.

official language

HU

Hungarian

['sal', 'tswana', 'tamil', 'indonesian', 'old russian', 'hebrew', 'tuvan', 'aymara', 'kannada', 'slovenija', 'javanese', 'uzbekistan', 'cantonese', 'abaza', 'english grammar', 'mongol', 'urdu', 'slovene', 'somali', 'bable', 'tamazight', 'dari persian', 'old catalan', 'finnish', 'spanish', 'serbian', 'manx gaelic', 'serbian cyrillic', 'kyrgyz', 'bashkir', 'belarusian', 'sinhala', 'ellada', 'guoyu', 'faroese', 'luxemburgish', 'tongan', 'serbian latin', 'ingush', 'circassian', 'estonian', 'hindi', 'komi', 'tuvaluan', 'etruscan', 'hispano', 'inari sami', 'hebraic', 'akkad', 'moldovan', 'slovakian', 'kumyk', 'croatian', 'nauruan', 'english', 'brazilian portuguese', 'luxembourgeois', 'greek', 'creole', 'malayalam music', 'uzbek', 'greek people', 'seselwa', 'anglo', 'palauan', 'nuristani', 'nenets', 'grecia', 'european communities', 'gaelic', 'ancient greek', 'old church slavonic', 'italy', 'rwanda', 'esperantists', 'armenian', 'swedish', 'pomo', 'marathi', 'zulu', 'pomoan s', 'chukchi', 'welsh', 'kaz', 'nynorsk', 'german', 'georgian', 'sotho', 'erzya', 'church slavonic', 'berber s', 'kichwa', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'croat', 'chuvash', 'kalaallisut', 'kazakh', 'belorussian', 'armenia']

Rubik's Magic

Rubik's Magic, like Rubik's Cube, is a mechanical puzzle invented by the Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő Rubik and first manufactured by Matchbox in the mid-1980s. The puzzle consists of 8 black square tiles (changed to red squares with goldish rings in 1997) arranged in a 2 × 4 rectangle; diagonal grooves on the tiles hold wires that connect them, allowing them to be folded onto each other and unfolded again in two perpendicular directions (assuming that no other connections restrict the movement) in a manner similar to a Jacob's Ladder toy. The front side of the puzzle shows, in the initial state, three separate, rainbow-coloured rings; the back side consists of a scrambled picture of three interconnected rings. The goal of the game is to fold the puzzle into a heart-like shape and unscramble the picture on the back side, thus interconnecting the rings. Numerous ways to accomplish this exist, and experienced players can transform the puzzle from its initial into the solved state in less than 2 seconds. Other challenges for Rubik's Magic include reproducing given shapes (which are often three-dimensional), sometimes with certain tiles required to be in certain positions and/or orientations. In 1987, Rubik's Magic: Master Edition was published by Matchbox; it consisted of 12 silver tiles arranged in a 2 × 6 rectangle, showing 5 interlinked rings that had to be unlinked by transforming the puzzle into a shape reminiscent of a W. Around the same time, Matchbox also produced Rubik's Magic Create the Cube, a "Level Two" version of Rubik's Magic, in which the puzzle is solved when folded into a cube with a base of two tiles, and the tile colors match at the corners of the cube. It did not have as wide a release, and is rare to find. In 1996, the original version of Rubik's Magic was re-released by Oddzon, this time with yellow rings on a red background; other versions (for example, a variant of the original with silver tiles instead of black ones) were also produced, and there also was a strategy game based on Rubik's Magic. An unlicensed 2 × 8 version was also produced, with spheres printed on its tiles instead of rings. Custom versions as large as 2 × 12 have been built using kits available from Oddzon. Professor Rubik holds both a Hungarian patent (HU 1211/85, issued March 19, 1985) and a US patent (US 4,685,680, issued August 11, 1987) on the mechanism of Rubik's Magic.

official language

American

english

['ottoman turkish', 'kurdish', 'carolinian', 'somali', 'manx gaelic', 'papiamento', 'aranese', 'kirghiz', 'ossetic', 'acehnese', 'sami', 'azeri', 'greenlandic', 'cyprus', 'old russian', 'balinese', 'romani', 'lao', 'chuvash republic', 'occitan', 'creole', 'maltese', 'greek', 'romanian', 'tongan', 'komi', 'latin', 'hispano', 'northern sotho', 'castellano', 'ingush', 'siswati', 'bashkir', 'bahasa indonesia', 'assyrian', 'farsi', 'simplified chinese', 'portuguese', 'meadow mari', 'kirundi', 'berber s', 'armenia', 'venda', 'english grammar', 'dari', 'mandarin', 'valencian', 'tamil', 'bahasa melayu', 'malaysian', 'manchu', 'ellada', 'croatian', 'khasi', 'bislama', 'polish', 'afrikaans', 'bable', 'lithuanian', 'marathi', 'macedonian slavic', 'inari sami', 'rwanda', 'azerbaijani', 'malay', 'hebrew', 'greek cypriot', 'romansh', 'tsonga', 'castilian', 'italy', 'cebuano', 'oriya', 'albania', 'nepali', 'cymraeg', 'tibetan', 'greek people', 'laotian', 'ottoman', 'irish gaelic', 'hindi', 'esperantists', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'macedonian', 'mam', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'sinhala', 'vietnamese', 'crimean tatar', 'xhosa', 'putonghua', 'medieval greek', 'tuvaluan', 'latvian', 'european spanish', 'skolt sami', 'chukchi', 'mongol']

Gustav Hinrichs

Gustav Ludwig Wilhelm Hinrichs (later Anglicized to Hinricks) (10 December 1850 - 26 March 1942) was a German-born American conductor and composer. He immigrated to the United States at the age of twenty, conducting opera in San Francisco, New York and Philadelphia where he founded his own opera company. His compositions include an opera and an accompanying score to the 1925 silent film The Phantom of the Opera.

official language

United States

English

['irish', 'slovak', 'punjabi', 'kven', 'slovenija', 'castilian spanish', 'quechua', 'cypriot', 'kabardian', 'croatian', 'serbian', 'manx gaelic', 'tamil', 'marathi', 'siswati', 'ingush', 'norwegian', 'serbian latin', 'nauruan', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'catalan', 'khasi', 'swedish', 'tswana', 'ukraine', 'polish', 'slovenia', 'tsonga', 'bahasa indonesia', 'filipino', 'old ruthenian', 'bable', 'english grammar', 'inuinnaqtun', 'esperantists', 'moldova', 'koine greek', 'leonese', 'french', 'somali', 'berber s', 'west frisian', 'finnish border', 'maltese islands', 'european portuguese', 'oriya', 'inari', 'slovenian', 'stress', 'old french', 'latvian', 'old russian', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'romani', 'bashkortostan', 'dhivehi', 'lowland scots', 'grecia', 'abkhaz', 'chuvash', 'moldavian', 'traditional chinese', 'bashkir', 'flemish dutch', 'tongan', 'maltese', 'czech', 'inuktitut', 'slavonic', 'azeri', 'malagasy', 'german', 'bengali', 'tok pisin', 'amharic', 'isixhosa', 'kurdish', 'carolinian', 'nuristani', 'papiamentu', 'shona', 'sal', 'irish gaelic', 'greek peninsula', 'venetian', 'hindustani', 'slovakian', 'laotian', 'aragonese', 'sinhala', 'sinhalese', 'brazilian portuguese', 'armenia', 'northern sami', 'kaz', 'divehi', 'malayalam', 'tamazight', 'hangul']

Eastern National

Eastern National (also known as EN) is a non-profit organization based in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, that partners with the National Park Service in the United States. It was created by charter in 1948 to "provide quality educational products and services to the visitors to America's national parks and other public trusts." As of June 16, 2009, Eastern National has donated over $100 million to their partners.

official language

China

tibetan

['belorussian', 'seselwa', 'ottoman', 'amazigh', 'etruscan', 'czech', 'berber', 'balinese', 'papiamentu', 'inuktitut', 'ukraine', 'kiswahili', 'azerbaijani', 'moksha', 'bengali', 'berber s', 'old english', 'castilian spanish', 'welsh', 'aymara', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'mam', 'slovak', 'european spanish', 'slavonic', 'punic', 'polish', 'elamite', 'old welsh', 'pomoan s', 'creole', 'venetian', 'tamazight', 'mari', 'kyrgyz', 'latin american spanish', 'medieval greek', 'kalaallisut', 'tatar', 'ukrainian', 'georgian', 'ossetian', 'malta', 'greenlandic', 'venda', 'dzongkha', 'old church slavonic', 'cymraeg', 'bahasa malaysia', 'spanish', 'greek cypriot', 'albanian', 'papiamento', 'albania', 'aceh', 'shona', 'marshallese', 'aranese', 'norwegian', 'gaeilge', 'serbian latin', 'chuvash republic', 'kiribati', 'filipino', 'germanic', 'west frisian', 'akkadian', 'old russian', 'armenia', 'kirghiz', 'english', 'finnish border', 'marathi', 'punjabi', 'aragonese', 'macedonian slavic', 'castilian', 'kazakh', 'setswana', 'latin', 'divehi', 'turkish', 'old italian', 'luxemburgish', 'slovene', 'abkhazian', 'dutch', 'bulgarian', 'irish gaelic', 'great russian', 'kurdish', 'maltese', 'tuvan', 'sango', 'magyar', 'japanese', 'old irish', 'akkad', 'bosnian']

Setenling Gompa

Setenling Gompa, Ser Gompa, (pinyin: Saigesi) is a Jonangpa (or Jonang) monastery about a kilometre from the eastern edge of Aba or Ngawa City (Chinese: 阿坝镇; pinyin: Ābà Zhèn Standard Tibetan: Ngawa), the main city in Ngawa (Aba) County, within the Ngawa (Aba) Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (Tibetan: Amdo) in northwestern Sichuan, China. It is located on the Tibetan plateau at an elevation of 3,200 metres (10,499 ft.). The head lama, Thubten Dorje Rinpoche, is still living in the monastery.

official language

Rajasthan

hindi

['european communities', 'romanian', 'irish', 'moldovan', 'amazigh', 'old irish', 'macedonian', 'greek islands', 'acehnese', 'korean', 'putonghua', 'european portuguese', 'tok pisin', 'castellano', 'montenegrin', 'belorussian', 'kongo', 'cebuano', 'dzongkha', 'azeri turkish', 'komi', 'seychellois', 'avar', 'castilian spanish', 'byzantine greek', 'tuvaluan', 'ossetic', 'cypriot', 'catalonian', 'simplified chinese', 'rutul', 'greek people', 'tibetan', 'belarusian', 'thai', 'uzbek', 'karelia', 'latin american spanish', 'palauan', 'gaeilge', 'bulgarian', 'old english', 'setswana', 'croatian', 'kashubian', 'azerbaijani', 'manx gaelic', 'afghanistan', 'moksha', 'russified', 'circassian', 'khmer', 'basque', 'italian', 'faroese', 'slovak', 'tajik', 'stress', 'esperanto', 'slovenija', 'lydian', 'inari sami', 'abkhazian', 'kaz', 'comorian', 'asturian', 'slavonic', 'niuean', 'sinhala', 'farsi', 'norman', 'kiribati', 'chuvash', 'ukrainian', 'tswana', 'czech', 'parsi', 'lowland scots', 'anglo', 'kurdish', 'telegu', 'sesotho', 'bislama', 'greek cypriot', 'punjabi', 'sango', 'tamil', 'nauruan', 'malta', 'azeri', 'ingush', 'kumyk', 'west frisian', 'mongol', 'high german', 'slovenian', 'serbian latin', 'guoyu', 'maltese']

Hindi Belt

The Hindi Belt or Hindi Heartland is a loosely defined linguistic region in north-central India where varieties of Hindi in the broadest sense are widely spoken. It is sometimes also used to refer to those Indian states whose official language is Standard Hindi and have a Hindi-speaking majority, namely Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh.

official language

First Bulgarian Empire

Byzantine Greek

['mam', 'aramaic', 'gaeilge', 'niuean', 'cantonese', 'ancient greek', 'common market', 'assyrian', 'welsh', 'sami', 'hellenic', 'veneto', 'turkmen', 'malta', 'old catalan', 'maltese archipelago', 'khasi', 'malagasy', 'chinese', 'manx gaelic', 'faroese', 'bahasa malaysia', 'maltese', 'kachin state', 'high german', 'cypriot', 'sinhala', 'european portuguese', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'vietnamese', 'dutch', 'serbian cyrillic', 'ukrainian', 'romani', 'akkadian', 'serbian latin', 'pilipino', 'slavonic', 'niue', 'nuristani', 'telugu', 'tamil', 'norman', 'castilian', 'polish', 'estonian', 'anglo', 'papiamentu', 'europe', 'sesotho', 'hangul', 'tongan', 'french creole', 'abkhazian', 'slovenia', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'azeri turkish', 'chamoru', 'kven', 'ukraine', 'samoan', 'inari', 'marathi', 'tsonga', 'tswana', 'inuinnaqtun', 'traditional chinese', 'aceh', 'kirghiz', 'sicilian', 'german', 'ottoman turkish', 'stress', 'farsi', 'russian', 'slovenian', 'malayalam music', 'georgian', 'nepali', 'magyar', 'filipino', 'creole', 'karelia', 'oriya', 'chuvash', 'lowland scots', 'inuktitut', 'pomo', 'thai', 'middle persian', 'catalonian', 'west frisian', 'chukchi', 'tetun', 'macedonian slavic', 'punjabi', 'venda', 'tatar', 'germanophone']

Cometopuli dynasty

The Cometopuli dynasty (Bulgarian: Династия на комитопулите; Byzantine Greek: Κομητόπουλοι) was the last royal dynasty in the First Bulgarian Empire, ruling from ca. 976 until the fall of Bulgaria under Byzantine rule in 1018. The most notable member of the dynasty, tsar Samuel is famous for successfully resisting Byzantine conquest for more than 40 years. Sometimes the realm of the Cometopuli is called Western Bulgarian Kingdom or Western Bulgarian Empire.

official language

Byelorussian

Belorussian

['sal', 'maldivian', 'guoyu', 'middle persian', 'telegu', 'castilian spanish', 'oriya', 'hebrew', 'irish', 'bahasa indonesia', 'cebuano', 'greek islands', 'moldovan', 'karelia', 'hellenic', 'telugu', 'luxemburgish', 'creole', 'slavonic', 'aceh', 'kiribati', 'isixhosa', 'old irish', 'romanian', 'aranese', 'guarani', 'albanian', 'romani', 'malagasy', 'ryukyuan', 'cypriot', 'ukrainian', 'north korean', 'xhosa', 'indonesian', 'komi', 'aragonese', 'luxembourgeois', 'punic', 'romansh', 'maltese islands', 'high german', 'frisian', 'rwanda', 'acehnese', 'finland', 'medieval greek', 'hindustani', 'tswana', 'nenets', 'divehi', 'sango', 'khasi', 'pilipino', 'hungarian', 'swazi', 'sami s', 'sinhala', 'pomo', 'adyghe', 'udmurt', 'irish gaelic', 'chuvashia', 'galician', 'swedish', 'carolinian', 'hebraic', 'tamil', 'lao', 'shona', 'assyrian', 'erzya', 'latin american spanish', 'valencian', 'bahasa melayu', 'hangul', 'abaza', 'malayalam', 'icelandic', 'swahili', 'bable', 'niue', 'west frisian', 'tajiki', 'buryat', 'quechua', 'stress', 'greek people', 'magyar', 'cyprus', 'egyptian', 'siswati', 'german', 'zulu', 'somali', 'bashkir', 'slovenian', 'old ruthenian', 'common market']

Belarusian language

Belarusian (/bɛləˈruːsiən/; беларуская мова bielaruskaja mova [bʲelaˈruskaja ˈmova]) is an official language of Belarus, along with Russian, and is spoken abroad, chiefly in Russia, Ukraine, and Poland.Before Belarus gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, the language was known in English as Byelorussian or Belorussian, transliterating the Russian name, белорусский язык, or alternatively as White Ruthenian (/ruːˈθiːniən/) or White Russian. Following independence, it also became known as Belarusian. Belarusian is one of the East Slavic languages and shares many grammatical and lexical features with other members of the group. To some extent, Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian are mutually intelligible. Its predecessor stage is known as Old Belarusian (14th to 17th centuries), in turn descended from Old East Slavic (10th to 13th centuries). At the 1999 Belarus Census, the Belarusian language was declared as a "language spoken at home" by about 3,686,000 Belarusian citizens (36.7% of the population). About 6,984,000 (85.6%) of Belarusians declared it their "mother tongue". Other sources put the "population of the language" as 6,715,000 in Belarus and 9,081,102 in all countries. According to a study done by the Belarusian government in 2009, 72% of Belarusians speak Russian at home, while Belarusian is used by only 11.9% of Belarusians. 29.4% of Belarusians can write, speak, and read Belarusian, while 52.5% can only read and speak it. According to the research, one out of ten Belarusians does not understand Belarusian.[citation needed]

official language

Moldova

Moldovan

['anglo', 'russified', 'ryukyuan', 'aramaic', 'catalan', 'hellenic', 'old bulgarian', 'bashkir', 'hebrew', 'romansh', 'ingush', 'pomoan s', 'guoyu', 'luxembourgish', 'farsi', 'old welsh', 'hispano', 'bashkortostan', 'kurdish', 'old french', 'marshallese', 'lezgian', 'ancient greek', 'dari persian', 'scottish', 'nauruan', 'byzantine greek', 'gaelic', 'castilian', 'common market', 'niuean', 'kyrgyz', 'abkhaz', 'old catalan', 'great russian', 'haitian creole', 'venda', 'kabardian', 'cantonese', 'old church slavonic', 'chinese', 'sami', 'old italian', 'tuvaluan', 'british english', 'italians', 'aragonese', 'uzbekistan', 'old ruthenian', 'frisian', 'czech', 'tuvan', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'hawaiian', 'maltese', 'nenets', 'slovenija', 'zulu', 'galician', 'telugu', 'bahasa malaysia', 'medieval greek', 'tok pisin', 'brazilian portuguese', 'mongol', 'kalmyk', 'english grammar', 'french creole', 'assyrian', 'belarusian', 'danish', 'ukrainian', 'berber s', 'chechen', 'tatar', 'polish', 'akkadian', 'tajiki', 'aranese', 'greek cypriot', 'bable', 'crimean tatar', 'berber', 'javanese', 'telegu', 'vietnamese', 'esperantists', 'indonesian', 'inuktitut', 'hebraic', 'chuvash republic', 'lithuanian', 'luxemburgish', 'papiamentu', 'filipino', 'finnish border', 'greek peninsula', 'manchu', 'laotian']

2013 Moldovan government crisis

The 2013 Moldovan government crisis was a governmental crisis that took place in the Republic of Moldova. It started on 8 March 2013, after the Prime Minister Vlad Filat was dismissed by motion of censure of the Parliament. It ended on 30 May 2013, when Iurie Leancă's cabinet received a successful vote of confidence.

official language

Canarian

Spanish

['hispano', 'irish gaelic', 'niue', 'bahasa melayu', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'old italian', 'shona', 'filipino', 'uzbek', 'sami s', 'samoan', 'chuvash', 'cebuano', 'bengali', 'moldovan', 'kiribati', 'russian', 'manx gaelic', 'ingush', 'bulgarian', 'west frisian', 'nauruan', 'bislama', 'nynorsk', 'medieval greek', 'xhosa', 'mongol', 'swazi', 'esperanto', 'lao', 'nenets', 'old east slavic', 'bable', 'aragonese', 'karelia', 'egyptian', 'ossetic', 'english', 'icelandic', 'mandarin chinese', 'kongo', 'kalaallisut', 'frisian', 'bosnian', 'dhivehi', 'telegu', 'amharic', 'flemish dutch', 'nepali', 'montenegrin', 'serbian', 'lithuanian', 'dutch', 'punic', 'tibetan', 'avar', 'traditional chinese', 'veneto', 'english grammar', 'greenlandic', 'setswana', 'pitkern', 'seselwa', 'tatar', 'swahili', 'germanophone', 'catalan', 'tamil', 'indonesian', 'laotian', 'buryat', 'maltese archipelago', 'circassian', 'kirundi', 'turkic', 'azeri turkish', 'chamorro', 'romanian', 'kven', 'marshallese', 'pomoan', 'venetian', 'anglo', 'berber', 'tuvan', 'pomoan s', 'aceh', 'maltese islands', 'old catalan', 'old persian', 'kirghiz', 'ellada', 'seychellois', 'hindustani', 'armenian', 'european union', 'tetum', 'hindi', 'old english']

Canarian Coalition

The Canarian Coalition (Spanish: Coalición Canaria, CC) is a regionalist, Canarian nationalist, and conservative political party in Spain operating in the Canary Islands. The party aim is for greater autonomy for the islands but not independence. The party has governed the Canary Islands since 1993. The current President of the Community is Paulino Rivero, while the party leader is Claudina Morales. The coalition was formed in February 1993 from a grouping of five parties (the largest being the Canarian Independent Groups) under one banner and has governed the Canary Islands since 1993, when it replaced the former Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) administration after a censure motion. After entering government, CC obtained the ability of the regional government to levy its own taxes and a law compensating the islands for their distance from the mainland. The coalition became a single party in 2005. The party has twenty seats in the Canarian Parliament, the twenty-first seat belongs to the Agrupación Herreña Independiente, also a Canarian nationalist party that usually contests Canarian Elections in coalition with the Canarian Coalition, but as an independent, allied party. In the Cortes Generales, it has two deputies, and five senators, making it the third-largest Canarian party. It usually negotiates with the plurality party at the Cortes to form a majority in exchange of resources for the islands. It also governs the local administrations of Tenerife, La Palma, and Fuerteventura, as well as having majority control in most of the town councils on the Canary Isles.

official language

Qing Dynasty

manchu

['luxemburgish', 'valencian', 'tetun', 'chechen', 'punic', 'cymraeg', 'tamil', 'british english', 'crimean tatar', 'tuvaluan', 'slovene', 'skolt sami', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'marshallese', 'guarani', 'kachin state', 'spanish', 'leonese', 'khasi', 'hispanic', 'gaelic', 'brazilian portuguese', 'lezgian', 'urdu', 'bashkortostan', 'greek people', 'berber s', 'maldivian', 'germanophone', 'croat', 'circassian', 'bosnian', 'bashkir', 'haitian creole', 'koine greek', 'rwanda', 'tuvan', 'old persian', 'french creole', 'zulu', 'hawaiian', 'ryukyuan', 'creole', 'northern sami', 'sami', 'farsi', 'irish gaelic', 'slavonic', 'maltese islands', 'cebuano', 'albanian', 'scottish', 'xhosa', 'castellano', 'kyrgyz', 'dutch', 'afrikaans', 'moldovan', 'thai', 'manx gaelic', 'chichewa', 'abaza', 'slovakian', 'parsi', 'west frisian', 'sango', 'mam', 'belarusian', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'moksha', 'byzantine greek', 'inuinnaqtun', 'dari', 'romani', 'kinyarwanda', 'sami s', 'hindustani', 'niue', 'old irish', 'kumyk', 'amharic', 'chewa', 'shona', 'pilipino', 'sotho', 'swazi', 'lithuanian', 'azerbaijani', 'kannada', 'old bulgarian', 'seselwa', 'venetian', 'irish', 'malagasy', 'berber', 'finnish border', 'tajiki', 'galician', 'old church slavonic']

Shin Gye-am

Sin Gye-am (fl. 1620s-1630s) was a Jurchen and Manchu interpreter during the middle period of Korea's Joseon Dynasty. He belonged to the Pyeongsan Sin bon-gwan. Beginning in 1629, he went to Shenyang, then the Qing Dynasty capital, to study the Manchu language and its new script. By 1637, he had translated five works from the old Jurchen script into the new Manchu script, and would go on to translate more. Among the works he translated were Geohwa (巨化), Gunan (仇難), Balse-a (八歲兒), So-a Ron (小兒論), and Sangseo (尙書). He was also involved in the compilation of textbooks used for teaching Manchu to Koreans, and served as an interpreter for Korean prisoners of war captured by Qing forces during the second Manchu invasion of Korea.

official language

Tatar

Russian

['afrikaans', 'tok pisin', 'finland', 'european communities', 'italian', 'latin american spanish', 'filipino', 'maltese archipelago', 'afghanistan', 'romani', 'kashubian', 'inari sami', 'grecia', 'sami', 'circassian', 'ingush', 'pomoan', 'danish', 'british english', 'catalonian', 'guoyu', 'sango', 'occitan', 'uzbek', 'japanese', 'chuvashia', 'siswati', 'armenia', 'slavonic', 'basque', 'khmer', 'papiamento', 'old ruthenian', 'castilian', 'kumyk', 'hellenic', 'swedish', 'chichewa', 'komi', 'abaza', 'uzbekistan', 'chuvash republic', 'russified', 'malay', 'old russian', 'malaysian', 'chechen', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'cypriot', 'samoan', 'avar', 'ukrainian', 'tsonga', 'amharic', 'inari', 'abkhaz', 'khakas', 'cyprus', 'serbian latin', 'crimean tatar', 'luxembourgish', 'moldova', 'macedonian', 'kurdish', 'european spanish', 'old irish', 'cebuano', 'egyptian', 'galician', 'xhosa', 'valencian', 'gaelic', 'chamorro', 'ger', 'kiswahili', 'tetun', 'kalmyk', 'irish', 'ukraine', 'old persian', 'luxembourgeois', 'sal', 'creole', 'kyrgyz', 'tamil', 'haitian creole', 'seychellois', 'ossetic', 'medieval greek', 'sicilian', 'ancient greek', 'elamite', 'welsh', 'bengali', 'finnish', 'ottoman turkish', 'manx gaelic', 'tibetan', 'slovenian']

Zelenodolsk, Republic of Tatarstan

Zelenodolsk (Russian: Зеленодо́льск; Tatar: Яшел Үзән, Yäşel Üzän; Mari: Парат, Parat) is a town in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located in the northwest of the republic on the left bank of the Volga River, 38 kilometers (24 mi) from Kazan. Population: 97,674 (2010 Census); 100,139 (2002 Census); 94,079 (1989 Census).

official language

Grandval

French

['serbian cyrillic', 'belorussian', 'javanese', 'slovenia', 'catalan', 'malagasy', 'sesotho', 'french creole', 'moldovan', 'comorian', 'filipino', 'malayalam music', 'italy', 'bosnian', 'kirundi', 'galician', 'kichwa', 'ukrainian', 'berber s', 'bahasa indonesia', 'ancient greek', 'valencian', 'turkish', 'old italian', 'european communities', 'azeri turkish', 'punic', 'adyghe', 'portuguese', 'guarani', 'english', 'chewa', 'basque', 'anglo', 'dhivehi', 'uzbekistan', 'old english', 'germanophone', 'meadow mari', 'georgian', 'dutch', 'balinese', 'xhosa', 'macedonian', 'inuktitut', 'romansh', 'hispano', 'afghanistan', 'kashubian', 'tajik', 'high german', 'hindi', 'british english', 'bosniak', 'kinyarwanda', 'siswati', 'gaeilge', 'akkadian', 'egyptian', 'bislama', 'marshallese', 'russian', 'quechua', 'putonghua', 'tajiki', 'kirghiz', 'hungarian', 'seselwa', 'magyar', 'uzbek', 'danish', 'samoan', 'old east slavic', 'sotho', 'greek peninsula', 'norman', 'mandarin chinese', 'chuvash', 'national', 'khakas', 'kurdish', 'tok pisin', 'khmer', 'amharic', 'cymraeg', 'norwegian', 'czech', 'amazigh', 'belarusian', 'abkhaz', 'niue', 'old french', 'north korean', 'afrikaans', 'venetian', 'ryukyuan', 'simplified chinese', 'sami', 'isixhosa']

Grandval

Grandval (meaning great valley in French) may refer to:

official language

Russian Empire

Finnish

['malayalam music', 'icelandic', 'buryat', 'seychellois', 'greenlandic', 'french', 'ellada', 'finland', 'czech', 'belarusian', 'chuvash republic', 'kirghiz', 'parsi', 'chichewa', 'punjabi', 'khakas', 'irish', 'hebrew', 'cymraeg', 'finnish border', 'pilipino', 'ingush', 'romanian', 'kalaallisut', 'comorian', 'grecia', 'avar', 'simplified chinese', 'etruscan', 'akkadian', 'sicilian', 'romani', 'dzongkha', 'chamorro', 'acehnese', 'gaelic', 'swedish', 'greek cypriot', 'cantonese', 'malaysian', 'high german', 'hellenic', 'akkad', 'venda', 'castellano', 'ottoman turkish', 'hindi', 'sal', 'khmer', 'swazi', 'catalan', 'germanic', 'samoan', 'old english', 'church slavonic', 'romansh', 'rwanda', 'middle persian', 'circassian', 'moldavian', 'bable', 'azeri', 'afrikaans', 'old church slavonic', 'meadow mari', 'pomoan s', 'anglo', 'francophonie', 'abkhaz', 'european communities', 'moldova', 'old bulgarian', 'niuean', 'british english', 'old welsh', 'kaz', 'mari', 'albanian', 'kinyarwanda', 'lowland scots', 'isixhosa', 'divehi', 'portuguese', 'inuinnaqtun', 'chuvash', 'moldovan', 'chukchi', 'european spanish', 'telegu', 'greek', 'laotian', 'tsonga', 'pomoan', 'bosnian', 'kabardian', 'tibetan', 'flemish dutch', 'tajik', 'stress']

Christian Ignatius Borissow

Christian Ignatius Borissow (4 April 1788 - 2 November 1867) was an expert on commerce and a teacher of languages with Finnish roots who immigrated to Great Britain before 1819. He worked most of his active years in Bradford and other locations in Yorkshire. He is known as the author of several books on commerce and languages published during the 19th century. Christian Ignatius, not yet Borissow, was born in Hamina, a Finnish and Swedish speaking small coastal city, which at that time belonged to the Russian Empire, as the fifth of ten children of chaplain Bengt Jacob Ignatius (1746–1803), a minister of the Lutheran Church in the fifth generation, and his wife Katharina Elfvengren (1759–1803). The family soon moved to Ruokolahti, a small Finnish-speaking rural parish in Russian-governed Southeastern Finland, where the father held the vicar’s office from 1790 until his death in 1803. After the death of his parents Christian had to quit his secondary school education. Soon after this he moved to Saint Petersburg, the fast-growing capital of the Russian empire, and was employed there as a merchant. From there he emigrated to Great Britain probably in late 1810s. He was married in Bristol, England, in 1819 and had published his first book The Commerce of St. Petersburg in the same year. He also functioned as a Consul of the Russian Empire in Bristol. At this time he had already adopted his new Russian-type surname Borissow. In the 1820s Christian and his family moved to Yorkshire, and he was employed as a teacher of languages in Huddersfield in 1829 and again in 1834. Between 1819 and 1840 he and his wife Sarah Peters (1799-1862) had eleven children, but many of the ones born before 1830 died in infancy. In 1834, he was employed as the “language master” of West Riding Proprietary School in Wakefield and some years later as teacher of French and German at Bradford Grammar School. He continued in the teaching profession at least till the mid-1850s. Christian was already in his late 60s when he returned to publishing. The English Tourist’s Continental Calculator, a little guide on “moneys, weights and measures” in the countries of the European continent was published in 1857. A reprint was published in 2010. Commercial Phraseology, an English-French-English glossary of commercial terms and phrases was published in 1860. This book has been reprinted in the United States in 2008. Christian Ignatius Borissow died in 1867 and is buried in the family grave at Undercliffe Cemetery in Bradford. Of Christian Ignatius Borissow’s children, his youngest son Louis Borissow (1840–1917) continued in the clerical profession of his Finnish ancestors. He was the Master and Headteacher of The Royal Latin School in Buckingham, England from 1869 to 1871 and after that a long-time (1871–1901) Chaplain and Precentor of Trinity College at Cambridge University. One of Christian Ignatius Borissow’s grandsons, Charles Kirby Borissow (1873–1939), was a Commander in the Royal Naval Reserve and a Chief Salvage Officer of the Royal Navy in the Mediterranean during the First World War.

official language

Sweden

Finnish

['middle persian', 'dari persian', 'common market', 'niuean', 'albania', 'chamoru', 'british english', 'ossetian', 'luxemburgish', 'latin american spanish', 'tongan', 'avar', 'simplified chinese', 'bahasa melayu', 'brazilian portuguese', 'circassian', 'mam', 'comorian', 'marshallese', 'european communities', 'setswana', 'germanophone', 'skolt sami', 'tajik', 'frisian', 'tsonga', 'tetum', 'inari sami', 'dutch', 'kurdish', 'kirundi', 'isixhosa', 'french', 'bulgarian', 'old welsh', 'esperantists', 'lao', 'karelia', 'romansh', 'kumyk', 'abkhazian', 'slovene', 'old persian', 'pitkern', 'flemish dutch', 'tigrinya', 'high german', 'ryukyuan', 'azerbaijani', 'kirghiz', 'moldovan', 'palauan', 'inari', 'sami s', 'turkmen', 'bahasa indonesia', 'croatian', 'bosniak', 'ukrainian', 'irish gaelic', 'somali', 'malaysian', 'georgian', 'siswati', 'slovakian', 'dhivehi', 'azeri turkish', 'chechen', 'kven', 'written chinese', 'finnish border', 'classical greek', 'abkhaz', 'traditional chinese', 'nynorsk', 'komi', 'francophonie', 'chuvash republic', 'seselwa', 'maltese', 'ancient greek', 'european union', 'abaza', 'vietnamese', 'aymara', 'elamite', 'thai', 'welsh', 'hispano', 'spanish', 'tatar', 'macedonian', 'hungarian', 'inuinnaqtun', 'acehnese', 'stress', 'montenegrin', 'byzantine greek', 'sango']

Adam Masuhr

Adam Masuhr, né Andersson (born May 21, 1983 in Gävle, Sweden) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman, currently playing for Oulun Kärpät in the Finnish Liiga. On May 12, 2014, Masuhr agreed to a two-year contract extension to remain in Oulun Kärpät.

official language

Nuevo Santander

Spanish

['germanophone', 'french creole', 'kyrgyz', 'mam', 'acehnese', 'latin american spanish', 'somali', 'palauan', 'marshallese', 'cebuano', 'hellenic', 'chamoru', 'dari', 'ancient greek', 'georgian', 'kalaallisut', 'komi', 'kalmyk', 'egyptian', 'veneto', 'balinese', 'sami', 'meadow mari', 'farsi', 'ossetic', 'chukchi', 'maltese', 'francophonie', 'buryat', 'pitkern', 'nenets', 'udmurt', 'catalan', 'irish', 'berber s', 'setswana', 'kazakh', 'ottoman turkish', 'russified', 'nepali', 'aymara', 'esperanto', 'latin', 'byzantine greek', 'greek peninsula', 'mandarin', 'slovakian', 'icelandic', 'etruscan', 'kannada', 'italian', 'kinyarwanda', 'bahasa malaysia', 'polish', 'ossetian', 'laotian', 'hindi', 'mari', 'tibetan', 'seychellois', 'italy', 'irish gaelic', 'estonian', 'dhivehi', 'chechen', 'hispanic', 'old bulgarian', 'shona', 'azerbaijani', 'dzongkha', 'afghanistan', 'siswati', 'north korean', 'chewa', 'bashkortostan', 'cymraeg', 'malta', 'khakas', 'moldovan', 'marathi', 'european spanish', 'adyghe', 'written chinese', 'basque', 'national', 'assyrian', 'rutul', 'putonghua', 'german', 'manchu', 'norman', 'maldivian', 'telugu', 'punjabi', 'luxemburgish', 'manx gaelic', 'serbian cyrillic', 'lao', 'macedonian cyrillic']

Governor of Tamaulipas

This is a list of governors of Tamaulipas since it became a state of Mexico in 1822, it includes the list of governors of Nuevo Santander (New Santander) the name of the Spanish province in northestern[clarification needed] New Spain before the Mexican War of Independence, which included present-day Tamaulipas and South Texas.

official language

Utsjoki

Finnish

['serbian cyrillic', 'maltese islands', 'tamazight', 'urdu', 'old church slavonic', 'tibetan', 'divehi', 'azeri', 'old east slavic', 'quechua', 'elamite', 'marathi', 'armenian', 'sinhala', 'amazigh', 'slovenija', 'kirundi', 'cymraeg', 'bahasa malaysia', 'georgian', 'nepali', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'afghanistan', 'latin', 'zulu', 'written chinese', 'luxemburgish', 'pilipino', 'hebraic', 'xhosa', 'swazi', 'lithuanian', 'european spanish', 'byzantine greek', 'lowland scots', 'bashkortostan', 'flemish dutch', 'amharic', 'luxembourgish', 'moldovan', 'guarani', 'serbian latin', 'adyghe', 'old persian', 'dari', 'greek', 'japanese', 'north korean', 'esperanto', 'frisian', 'turkic', 'greek people', 'lao', 'sesotho', 'armenia', 'manx gaelic', 'germanic', 'italians', 'polish', 'english', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'tajiki', 'irish gaelic', 'malayalam', 'european communities', 'kaz', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'francophonie', 'turkmen', 'lezgian', 'bulgarian', 'mongolian', 'bashkir', 'nuristani', 'ancient egyptian', 'uzbek', 'french', 'europe', 'malaysian', 'traditional chinese', 'luxembourgeois', 'castellano', 'portuguese', 'udmurt', 'old english', 'italy', 'malagasy', 'nynorsk', 'avar', 'mam', 'albania', 'dargwa', 'occitan', 'dutch', 'cebuano', 'guoyu', 'nauruan', 'etruscan', 'ossetian']

Sami Bridge

The Sami Bridge (Finnish: Saamen silta; Northern Sami: Sámi šaldi; Norwegian: Samelandsbrua) is a cable-stayed bridge that carries the European route E75 across the Tana River between Finnmark county in Norway and Utsjoki in Finland. The bridge is 316 metres (1,037 ft) long, and the main span is 155 m (509 ft). Sami Bridge was opened in 1993.

official language

Assyrian

Akkadian

['british english', 'afghanistan', 'kichwa', 'italian', 'telugu', 'mari', 'bahasa malaysia', 'catalan', 'azeri turkish', 'lao', 'tetum', 'old ruthenian', 'turkmen', 'sinhala', 'aceh', 'ossetic', 'welsh', 'malay', 'pitkern', 'chamorro', 'kashubian', 'written chinese', 'sango', 'khmer', 'hebraic', 'slovene', 'valencian', 'gaeilge', 'pomo', 'dari persian', 'luxembourgish', 'kannada', 'tamil', 'croat', 'papiamentu', 'armenian', 'amazigh', 'maldivian', 'ryukyuan', 'setswana', 'bahasa melayu', 'putonghua', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'lithuanian', 'kalaallisut', 'quechua', 'frisian', 'tuvan', 'mandarin chinese', 'high german', 'elamite', 'romani', 'marathi', 'moldovan', 'lezgian', 'lowland scots', 'old russian', 'luxemburgish', 'belarusian', 'russian', 'slavonic', 'isixhosa', 'ukraine', 'german', 'northern sotho', 'cyprus', 'niuean', 'divehi', 'macedonian', 'zulu', 'erzya', 'europe', 'indonesian', 'akkad', 'bable', 'komi', 'tibetan', 'turkic', 'old east slavic', 'thai', 'amharic', 'church slavonic', 'old irish', 'chinese', 'bahasa indonesia', 'kiswahili', 'sotho', 'etruscan', 'germanic', 'guoyu', 'cantonese', 'ingush', 'russified', 'montenegrin', 'palauan', 'creole', 'hispano', 'niue', 'abkhazian']

Tarshish

Tarshish (Hebrew: תַּרְשִׁישׁ) occurs in the Hebrew Bible with several uncertain meanings, most frequently as a place (probably a large city or region) far across the sea from the Land of Israel. Tarshish was said to have supplied vast quantities of important metals to Israel and Phoenicia. The same place-name occurs in the Akkadian inscriptions of Esarhaddon (the Assyrian king, d. 669 B.C.) and also on the Phoenician inscription on the Nora Stone, indicating that it was a real place; its precise location was never commonly known, and was eventually lost in antiquity. Legends grew up around it over time so that its identity has been the subject of scholarly research and commentary for more than two thousand years. Its importance stems in part from the fact that biblical passages tend to understand Tarshish as a source of King Solomon's great wealth in metals - especially silver, but also gold, tin and iron (Ezekiel 27). The metals were reportedly obtained in partnership with King Hiram of Phoenician Tyre (Isaiah 23), and the fleets of Tarshish-ships. However, there has been so little evidence identified in the archaeological record for Solomon and his kingdom, that some modern scholars have suggested Solomon and his kingdom never existed see essays in (Schmidt, ed. 2007). The existence of Tarshish in the western Mediterranean, along with any Phoenician presence in the western Mediterranean before circa 800 .B.C has likewise seemed unthinkable to some scholars in modern times, because there had been no recognized and defensible evidence for wealth in metals during the reigns of Solomon and Hiram; in fact, the lack of evidence for wealth in Phoenicia and Israel during the reigns of Solomon and Hiram has allowed scholars to understand the period in Mediterranean prehistory between 1200 and 800 BC as a 'Dark Age' (Muhly 1998). The Septuagint, the Vulgate and the Targum of Jonathan render Tarshish as Carthage, but other biblical commentators as early as 1646 (Samuel Bochart) read it as Tartessos in ancient Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula). The Jewish-Portuguese scholar, politician, statesman and financier Isaac Abravanel (A.D. 1437–1508) described Tarshish as “the city known in earlier rimes as Carthage and today called Tunis. One possible identification for many centuries preceding the French scholar Bochart (d. 1667), and following the Roman historian Flavius Josephus (d. 100 A.D.), had been with inland town of Tarsus in Cilicia (south-central Turkey). American scholars William F. Albright (1891-1971) and Frank Moore Cross (1921-2012) suggested Tarshish was Sardinia because of the discovery of the Nora Stone, whose Phoenician inscription mentions Tarshish. In 2003, Christine Marie Thompson identified the Cisjordan Corpus, a concentration of hacksilber hoards in Israel and the Palestinian Territories (Cisjordan). This Corpus dates between 1200 and 586 B.C., and the hoards in it are all silver-dominant. The largest hoard was found at Eshtemoa and contained 26kg of silver. Within it, and specifically in the geographical region that was part of Phoenicia, is a concentration of hoards dated between 1200 and 800 B.C. This concentration is unique in the contemporary Mediterranean, and its date-range overlaps with the reigns of King Solomon (990 - 931 B.C.) and Hiram of Tyre (980 - 947 B.C.). Hacksilber objects in these Phoenician hoards have lead isotope ratios that match ores in Sardinia and Spain. Contrary to translations that have been rendering Assyrian tar-si-si as 'Tarsus' up to the present time, Christine Thompson has shown that the Assyrian tablets inscribed in Akkadian indicate tar-si-si (Tarshish) was an island, and the poetic construction of Psalm 72 also points to its identity as a large island in the West. The island of Sardinia is indicated. The same evidence from hacksilber fits with what the ancient Greek and Roman authors recorded about the Phoenicians exploiting many sources of silver in the western Mediterranean to feed developing economies back in Israel and Phoenicia soon after the fall of Troy and other palace-centers in the eastern Mediterranean around 1200 B.C. Classical sources including Homer (8th century B.C.), and the Greek historians Herodotus (484-425 B.C.) and Diodorus Siculus (d. 30 B.C.) said the Phoenicians were exploiting the metals of the west for these purposes before they set up the permanent colonies in the metal-rich regions of the Mediterranean and Atlantic.

official language

Central Visayas

Filipino

['cantonese', 'rwanda', 'traditional chinese', 'venda', 'hindi', 'indonesian', 'karelia', 'laotian', 'berber', 'afghanistan', 'hungarian', 'dari persian', 'bahasa melayu', 'bislama', 'fijian', 'kurdish', 'abkhaz', 'cymraeg', 'berber s', 'esperanto', 'persian', 'greek', 'lao', 'mam', 'acehnese', 'grecia', 'greek peninsula', 'written chinese', 'sotho', 'leonese', 'bulgarian', 'slovenian', 'hindustani', 'finnish border', 'urdu', 'tibetan', 'hebrew', 'divehi', 'portuguese', 'basque', 'byzantine greek', 'luxemburgish', 'romani', 'bahasa indonesia', 'armenia', 'moldavian', 'catalan', 'sinhala', 'national', 'bosniak', 'italians', 'circassian', 'tetun', 'slovak', 'albania', 'guarani', 'macedonian', 'aceh', 'catalonian', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'sicilian', 'sal', 'sesotho', 'albanian', 'lithuanian', 'shona', 'tatar', 'cyprus', 'ukrainian', 'azerbaijani', 'chukchi', 'macedonian slavic', 'old welsh', 'etruscan', 'hispano', 'mandarin', 'kabardian', 'middle persian', 'sami', 'chhattisgarhi', 'mongol', 'marathi', 'akkadian', 'pomo', 'punic', 'comorian', 'skolt sami', 'kven', 'germanophone', 'creole', 'erzya', 'european union', 'pilipino', 'greek people', 'great russian', 'slovene', 'kinyarwanda', 'komi']

Siquijor

Siquijor /sɪkɪˈhɔː/ (Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Siquijor, Filipino: Lalawigan ng Siquijor) is a [[ of the Philippines#Income classification| income class [[{{safesubst:#property:P31}}]]]] of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region. Its capital is the municipality also named Siquijor. To the northwest of Siquijor are Cebu and Negros, to the northeast is Bohol and to the south, across the Bohol Sea, is the island of Mindanao. Siquijor is the third smallest province in the country, in terms of population as well as land area (after Camiguin and Batanes). For a time it was part of Negros Oriental. During the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines, the Spaniards called the island Island of Fire (Spanish: Isla del Fuego). Siquijor is commonly associated with mystic traditions that the island's growing tourism industry capitalizes on.

official language

Gibraltar

english

['maltese', 'old church slavonic', 'circassian', 'old east slavic', 'latin american spanish', 'mongolian', 'skolt sami', 'pomoan', 'chewa', 'nuristani', 'kirundi', 'chamorro', 'kirghiz', 'catalonian', 'kabardian', 'aragonese', 'farsi', 'europe', 'russified', 'sal', 'swahili', 'kiribati', 'chinese', 'finnish', 'scottish', 'occitan', 'seselwa', 'polish', 'tongan', 'mam', 'croat', 'guarani', 'montenegrin', 'akkadian', 'chukchi', 'quechua', 'vietnamese', 'bahasa melayu', 'nauruan', 'slovakian', 'west frisian', 'catalan', 'old bulgarian', 'kazakh', 'setswana', 'marathi', 'pomoan s', 'balinese', 'turkish', 'venetian', 'kven', 'marshallese', 'hangul', 'french', 'croatian', 'flemish dutch', 'icelandic', 'maldivian', 'tajiki', 'welsh', 'old catalan', 'turkic', 'old welsh', 'kaz', 'serbian latin', 'javanese', 'niue', 'malaysian', 'old english', 'akkad', 'inari sami', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'nenets', 'armenian', 'chechen', 'swazi', 'grecia', 'parsi', 'francophonie', 'tigrinya', 'rutul', 'estonian', 'luxemburgish', 'oriya', 'abkhazian', 'brazilian portuguese', 'telegu', 'esperanto', 'ger', 'sesotho', 'thai', 'bengali', 'xhosa', 'lowland scots', 'afghanistan', 'slovak', 'lao', 'sami', 'bashkortostan']

Gibraltarian English

Gibraltarian English (abbreviated GibE) denotes the accent of English spoken in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. The English language has been present at Gibraltar for approximately 300 years, and during these centuries English has mixed with diverse languages, particularly Spanish and a type of Spanish called Andalusian. Gibraltarian English has become a subject of study for linguists interested in how English and other languages mix. While the primary language of Gibraltarians is a mix of Spanish and Andalusian known as Llanito or Yanito, Gibraltarian English is becoming more prominent, and there has been a theory proposed that this variety of English is becoming "nativised". Gibraltarian English is similar in many respects to British English.

official language

CH

German

['traditional chinese', 'quechua', 'dutch', 'old catalan', 'akkadian', 'old irish', 'khakas', 'tswana', 'nauruan', 'slavonic', 'swedish', 'sicilian', 'kirghiz', 'czech', 'chewa', 'aymara', 'nepali', 'gaeilge', 'sami', 'maltese', 'belarusian', 'chichewa', 'kannada', 'slovene', 'greek cypriot', 'afrikaans', 'dzongkha', 'macedonian slavic', 'skolt sami', 'pomoan s', 'latvian', 'tuvaluan', 'rutul', 'kurdish', 'moldovan', 'kaz', 'germanophone', 'xhosa', 'catalonian', 'kichwa', 'spanish', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'occitan', 'dari persian', 'buryat', 'sinhalese', 'common market', 'niuean', 'egyptian', 'haitian creole', 'berber s', 'northern sami', 'dhivehi', 'lezgian', 'samoan', 'manchu', 'slovenian', 'european union', 'adyghe', 'sotho', 'nuristani', 'croat', 'cymraeg', 'azeri turkish', 'bulgarian', 'macedonian', 'mongol', 'bashkortostan', 'hindustani', 'telugu', 'english grammar', 'castilian spanish', 'bosniak', 'old french', 'serbian', 'hawaiian', 'cebuano', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'europe', 'russian', 'kalaallisut', 'flemish dutch', 'european portuguese', 'amharic', 'sango', 'swahili', 'kabardian', 'malay', 'udmurt', 'ottoman turkish', 'comorian', 'avar', 'crimean tatar', 'balinese', 'aceh', 'circassian', 'khasi', 'irish gaelic', 'kirundi']

The Mighty Fishers

The Mighty Fishers is a Hungarian band formed in Budapest, in 2011 and is playing traditional rocksteady, early reggae and lovers rock as the one and only band in the country. The authentic style is guaranteed by the seven members playing the drum, bass, guitars, organ, two lead vocals and three more backing vocals. First EP (’High Four’) was released in September 2011 and it’s also available online on Liquidator Music (ES), SoundCloud and many other songs on their YouTube channel. One of the songs is on Mad Butcher Records compilation Skannibal Party vol. 11. The band had several concerts all over Europe (e.g. in Budapest, Sárvár, Délegyháza /HU/, Bratislava /SK/, Wien and Großwarasdorf /A/, Schwäbisch Gmünd /DE/, Baden, Lucerne /CH/, Strasbourg /FR/, Koksijde /BE/, Sibenik, Lepoglava /HR/). The Mighty Fishers was also invited to the famous Sziget Festival (HU), the Skaville Festival (HR) and to Rototom Sunsplash Festival.Magazines in Belgium, Hungary, France, and Germany have already written EP and band reviews and interviews as well. In June 2012, The Mighty Fishers released the second EP entitled ‘Where Are You?’ alongside the first videoclip which is available on their YouTube channel. First LP, ‘Soul Garden’, was released in April, 2014 under the wings of the cooperation between Mad Butcher Records (DE), Redstar73 Records (ES) and Casual Records (FR) on CD and vinyl as well containing thirteen songs.

official language

Universal Esperanto Association

Esperanto

['written chinese', 'maltese archipelago', 'cypriot', 'somali', 'maltese islands', 'karelia', 'estonian', 'europe', 'old english', 'kyrgyz', 'dari', 'serbian latin', 'old east slavic', 'nenets', 'swazi', 'catalan', 'laotian', 'tswana', 'sesotho', 'filipino', 'stress', 'nuristani', 'bahasa melayu', 'akkad', 'venda', 'luxemburgish', 'punjabi', 'chechen', 'haitian creole', 'danish', 'uzbekistan', 'mari', 'afghanistan', 'luxembourgeois', 'abkhaz', 'serbian cyrillic', 'pomo', 'ancient egyptian', 'malagasy', 'greek peninsula', 'kannada', 'papiamento', 'old church slavonic', 'comorian', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'high german', 'bashkortostan', 'faroese', 'isixhosa', 'lezgian', 'dhivehi', 'indonesian', 'turkic', 'hispano', 'romani', 'acehnese', 'sotho', 'lithuanian', 'traditional chinese', 'vietnamese', 'latin american spanish', 'egyptian', 'greek islands', 'aramaic', 'magyar', 'inuinnaqtun', 'zulu', 'greek people', 'irish gaelic', 'aymara', 'kalmyk', 'old italian', 'nynorsk', 'montenegrin', 'finnish', 'tatar', 'old bulgarian', 'manx gaelic', 'slovene', 'english', 'greek', 'pomoan s', 'national', 'old irish', 'buryat', 'punic', 'papiamentu', 'berber s', 'latvian', 'chukchi', 'european portuguese', 'north korean', 'mandarin', 'chuvash', 'cebuano', 'putonghua', 'aragonese', 'germanophone', 'uzbek']

Esperanto literature

Esperanto literature began before the official publication of the constructed language Esperanto; the language's creator, L. L. Zamenhof, translated poetry and prose into the language as he was developing it as a test of its completeness and expressiveness, and published several translations and a short original poem as an appendix to the first book on the language, Unua Libro. Other early speakers wrote poetry, stories and essays in the language; Henri Vallienne was the first to write novels in Esperanto. Except for a handful of poems, most of the literature from Esperanto's first twenty years or so is now regarded as of historical interest only. Between the two World Wars, several new poets and novelists published their first works, including several recognized as the first to produce work of outstanding quality in the still-young language: Julio Baghy, Eŭgeno Miĥalski, Kálmán Kalocsay, Heinrich Luyken, and Jean Forge. Modern authors include Claude Piron and William Auld, who was nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature a number of times. Esperanto has seen a solid production of material in Braille since the work of the blind Russian Esperantist Vasili Eroshenko, who wrote and taught in Japan and China in the 1910s and 1920s. Harold Brown wrote several modern plays in Esperanto. Over 25,000 books in Esperanto have been published[citation needed], and the largest Esperanto book service at the Universal Esperanto Association offers over 4,000 books in its catalog. Over 130 original novels have been published in Esperanto, plus a larger number of novellas, short story collections, and poetry collections[citation needed]. Three major literary magazines, Fonto, Literatura Foiro and Beletra Almanako, appear regularly; some other magazines, such as Monato, also publish fiction. The most comprehensive guide to the literature of the language is Geoffrey Sutton's Concise Encyclopedia of the Original Literature of Esperanto (728 pages), published under the auspices of the Esperanto-speaking Writers' Association by Mondial, New York, N.Y., 2008, ISBN 978-1-59569-090-6. Some of the major figures of Esperanto literature:

official language

Vichy France

French

['filipino', 'javanese', 'kirundi', 'azerbaijani', 'egyptian', 'pomoan', 'lao', 'elamite', 'croat', 'japanese', 'crimean tatar', 'tuvan', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'czech', 'georgian', 'occitan', 'mongolian', 'chuvash', 'telugu', 'ukrainian', 'kumyk', 'putonghua', 'mari', 'finnish', 'faroese', 'nuristani', 'nauruan', 'ellada', 'old english', 'lowland scots', 'skolt sami', 'great russian', 'high german', 'niuean', 'azeri', 'germanophone', 'chechen', 'norman', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'tamil', 'kiribati', 'malay', 'kaz', 'bashkortostan', 'kannada', 'tuvaluan', 'icelandic', 'old church slavonic', 'northern sotho', 'brazilian portuguese', 'romansh', 'vietnamese', 'khmer', 'catalonian', 'dhivehi', 'chamoru', 'sinhala', 'pomoan s', 'bahasa indonesia', 'belorussian', 'adyghe', 'gaelic', 'venetian', 'slavonic', 'assyrian', 'luxemburgish', 'kiswahili', 'turkmen', 'stress', 'pilipino', 'sesotho', 'azeri turkish', 'classical greek', 'akkad', 'nenets', 'ossetian', 'sango', 'frisian', 'common market', 'norwegian', 'setswana', 'bosniak', 'bislama', 'lithuanian', 'korean', 'spanish', 'seselwa', 'kalmyk', 'veneto', 'aymara', 'palauan', 'croatian', 'simplified chinese', 'ryukyuan', 'church slavonic', 'greek peninsula', 'macedonian', 'cypriot', 'lezgian']

French submarine Casabianca (Q183)

Casabianca (Q183) was a Redoutable-class submarine of the French Navy, named in honour of Luc-Julien-Joseph Casabianca. She was notable for her escape from Toulon in November 1942 as German forces tried to seize the French fleet as part of Case Anton, the occupation of Vichy France. Following her escape the submarine and her crew fought on the side of the Allies.

official language

Ylivieska

Finnish

['lithuanian', 'maltese', 'kaz', 'slovene', 'serbian latin', 'siswati', 'indonesian', 'divehi', 'hispano', 'pomoan s', 'classical greek', 'bable', 'uzbekistan', 'belorussian', 'pitkern', 'erzya', 'russian', 'dari', 'english grammar', 'setswana', 'lezgian', 'tongan', 'portuguese', 'castellano', 'azeri turkish', 'inuktitut', 'turkish', 'bashkir', 'greek people', 'circassian', 'galician', 'north korean', 'afghanistan', 'chhattisgarhi', 'veneto', 'sesotho', 'finland', 'flemish dutch', 'kashubian', 'macedonian', 'swazi', 'greenlandic', 'ottoman turkish', 'aymara', 'ellada', 'slovenija', 'bislama', 'english', 'irish', 'sinhala', 'manx gaelic', 'abkhazian', 'sango', 'albanian', 'serbian', 'nenets', 'greek islands', 'hindustani', 'aceh', 'thai', 'welsh', 'cypriot', 'traditional chinese', 'quechua', 'bosnian', 'greek peninsula', 'basque', 'punjabi', 'old italian', 'russified', 'tetun', 'old irish', 'luxemburgish', 'khasi', 'dhivehi', 'armenian', 'ukraine', 'azerbaijani', 'inuinnaqtun', 'venetian', 'kachin state', 'zulu', 'persian', 'slovenian', 'ger', 'romanian', 'asturian', 'kirghiz', 'macedonian slavic', 'nuristani', 'kirundi', 'old church slavonic', 'hispanic', 'old french', 'hellenic', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'haitian creole', 'chewa', 'scottish']

Ylivieska

Ylivieska is a town and municipality of Northern Ostrobothnia region, Finland. It has a population of 14,986 (30 June 2015), and it serves as the administrative centre for Kalajokilaakso and Pyhäjokilaakso, an area with about 90,000 inhabitants. Ylivieska is also the commercial center of the Oulu South region, the southern part of the late Oulu province. The closest cities near Ylivieska are Oulu (130 km or 81 mi) and Kokkola (79 km or 49 mi), the neighbouring municipalities are Oulainen, Haapavesi, Nivala, Sievi, Kalajoki, Alavieska and Merijärvi. The municipality is unilingually Finnish.

official language

Kentuckian

English

['pomoan s', 'macedonian', 'moldovan', 'slovenija', 'assyrian', 'malta', 'georgian', 'gaeilge', 'european communities', 'old east slavic', 'laotian', 'great russian', 'anglo', 'uzbek', 'tetun', 'chukchi', 'luxembourgeois', 'european union', 'hawaiian', 'chewa', 'urdu', 'koine greek', 'aramaic', 'greek peninsula', 'thai', 'kaz', 'marshallese', 'aranese', 'amazigh', 'swedish', 'old irish', 'skolt sami', 'ukrainian', 'chamorro', 'udmurt', 'germanophone', 'kurdish', 'hungarian', 'crimean tatar', 'mongol', 'nuristani', 'uzbekistan', 'guoyu', 'malay', 'kongo', 'tsonga', 'vietnamese', 'circassian', 'kven', 'maldivian', 'azeri turkish', 'high german', 'faroese', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'siswati', 'adyghe', 'inuktitut', 'xhosa', 'dari', 'moldova', 'veneto', 'indonesian', 'greek cypriot', 'seychellois', 'egyptian', 'sicilian', 'samoan', 'chichewa', 'gaelic', 'putonghua', 'hellenic', 'punjabi', 'kashubian', 'leonese', 'aymara', 'acehnese', 'north korean', 'bengali', 'kabardian', 'afghanistan', 'finnish', 'farsi', 'ellada', 'frisian', 'filipino', 'old bulgarian', 'quechua', 'serbian', 'national', 'hangul', 'dzongkha', 'meadow mari', 'simplified chinese', 'venetian', 'hebraic', 'tajiki', 'mam', 'tongan', 'tibetan']

Sam Abell

Sam Abell (born 1945 in Sylvania, Ohio) is an American photographer known for his frequent publication of photographs in National Geographic. He first worked for National Geographic in 1967, and is one of the more overtly artistic photographers among his magazine peers.[citation needed] Sam Abell's style of photography is documentary in the sense that his major avenue, the National Geographic magazine, is a publication of record. However, his best work is known for its transcendent qualities, starting at the documentary level yet open to interpretation on an aesthetic level. One of his favorite photographs (based on how often he mentions it when asked about his work) is of the tree viewed through a Japanese window, which graces the cover of his book Seeing Gardens. It's a documentary photograph of a tree, but due to a combination of light and Abell's inclusion in his composition of roof tiles in the background, the photograph takes on the transcendent, illusory quality of a stained glass window. Abell rarely uses flash, preferring a pure relationship with light. He has said that he could be perfectly happy with his photography even if his only subject was light itself.Sam Abell's love of photography began due to the influence of his father who was a geography teacher who ran a photography club. In his book The Photographic Life, Abell mentions a photograph he made while on an outing with his father, a photograph that subsequently won a small prize in a photo contest. He credits that prize as being a major influence on the direction his life would take. Abell was the photographer and co-editor for his high school yearbook and newspaper. Abell graduated from the University of Kentucky in Lexington where he majored in English, minored in Journalism, and was the editor of the Kentuckian Yearbook. He is also a teacher, an artist and an author. Abell received an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from the University of Toledo on May 10, 2009. Sam Abell's latest book, The Life of a Photograph, completes a set of three volumes begun in 2000 with Seeing Gardens. It was followed in 2002 with The Photographic Life.

official language

Kosovo

serbian

['kurdish', 'written chinese', 'azerbaijani', 'swazi', 'dhivehi', 'lithuanian', 'northern sami', 'niuean', 'cyprus', 'italian', 'germanophone', 'bengali', 'akkad', 'ger', 'carolinian', 'chamoru', 'common market', 'haitian creole', 'nynorsk', 'tswana', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'aragonese', 'bislama', 'croat', 'vietnamese', 'pitkern', 'northern sotho', 'icelandic', 'zulu', 'luxembourgeois', 'greenlandic', 'bahasa malaysia', 'finnish border', 'adyghe', 'grecia', 'kyrgyz', 'latvian', 'setswana', 'hindi', 'pilipino', 'manx gaelic', 'azeri turkish', 'great russian', 'abkhazian', 'samoan', 'ossetian', 'ancient egyptian', 'acehnese', 'uzbek', 'hungarian', 'ottoman', 'european spanish', 'french', 'slovenija', 'slavonic', 'somali', 'moldova', 'british english', 'khakas', 'lowland scots', 'sami', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'european portuguese', 'turkic', 'malta', 'chechen', 'slovenian', 'slovenia', 'finland', 'divehi', 'aranese', 'japanese', 'tsonga', 'laotian', 'amharic', 'mandarin', 'shona', 'greek cypriot', 'sicilian', 'greek peninsula', 'kabardian', 'tuvaluan', 'guarani', 'kiribati', 'french creole', 'hellenic', 'portuguese', 'georgian', 'kiswahili', 'west frisian', 'greek people', 'lezgian', 'tigrinya', 'sotho', 'hispanic', 'buryat', 'khasi', 'norwegian', 'asturian']

Čaglavica

Čaglavica (Serbian Cyrillic: Чаглавица) is a village and Serb enclave near Pristina, Kosovo,

official language

Greenland

kalaallisut

['old french', 'buryat', 'kashubian', 'avar', 'abaza', 'ancient greek', 'medieval greek', 'latvian', 'romanian', 'hungarian', 'mongolian', 'hebraic', 'papiamento', 'chamoru', 'valencian', 'aymara', 'slovak', 'assyrian', 'czech', 'kumyk', 'malayalam', 'nepali', 'pomoan', 'old welsh', 'catalan', 'polish', 'shona', 'meadow mari', 'sal', 'west frisian', 'georgian', 'armenian', 'thai', 'bislama', 'farsi', 'moldavian', 'old irish', 'sami s', 'samoan', 'turkmen', 'akkad', 'old russian', 'welsh', 'ottoman turkish', 'kirghiz', 'maltese', 'italians', 'latin', 'palauan', 'flemish dutch', 'classical greek', 'tuvan', 'pitkern', 'balinese', 'chuvash republic', 'chuvashia', 'punic', 'bulgarian', 'karelia', 'old bulgarian', 'sango', 'chechen', 'gaelic', 'azeri turkish', 'akkadian', 'erzya', 'abkhazian', 'germanic', 'dhivehi', 'nauruan', 'tamazight', 'setswana', 'nuristani', 'northern sotho', 'khasi', 'byzantine greek', 'laotian', 'bosniak', 'malta', 'dargwa', 'old italian', 'mam', 'sinhalese', 'serbian', 'niue', 'stress', 'tibetan', 'sesotho', 'russified', 'khmer', 'skolt sami', 'luxembourgeois', 'chamorro', 'greek cypriot', 'hindustani', 'albania', 'kiswahili', 'indonesian', 'simplified chinese']

Kangerlussuaq (disambiguation)

Kangerlussuaq (English: "Big Fjord" from the Kalaallisut language) may refer to the following areas in Greenland:

official language

Venetians

Latin

['ukraine', 'malaysian', 'sinhala', 'dari persian', 'amharic', 'acehnese', 'chamoru', 'quechua', 'kurdish', 'punjabi', 'romani', 'urdu', 'castellano', 'malayalam', 'afghanistan', 'lao', 'anglo', 'laotian', 'lowland scots', 'greek people', 'swahili', 'veneto', 'chukchi', 'hispano', 'malta', 'manchu', 'khmer', 'british english', 'belorussian', 'armenia', 'nepali', 'francophonie', 'old persian', 'venetian', 'leonese', 'sami', 'aceh', 'chuvash', 'chhattisgarhi', 'aranese', 'english grammar', 'norman', 'georgian', 'kyrgyz', 'brazilian portuguese', 'sami s', 'germanophone', 'sango', 'malagasy', 'javanese', 'norwegian', 'ellada', 'greek islands', 'old english', 'kabardian', 'kirghiz', 'european portuguese', 'kiribati', 'palauan', 'ossetic', 'chamorro', 'germanic', 'tatar', 'finland', 'italians', 'ancient egyptian', 'karelia', 'tamil', 'aramaic', 'ukrainian', 'maltese', 'sotho', 'filipino', 'papiamentu', 'montenegrin', 'chechen', 'thai', 'sal', 'tetum', 'tok pisin', 'serbian', 'balinese', 'nauruan', 'bosniak', 'grecia', 'avar', 'icelandic', 'gaelic', 'occitan', 'abkhaz', 'esperantists', 'tibetan', 'kumyk', 'meadow mari', 'greenlandic', 'tswana', 'dargwa', 'akkad', 'tajiki']

Vratko Nemanjić

Vratko Nemanjić (Serbian: Вратко Немањић, [ʋrâtko němaɲitɕ]; fl. 1325-1355) was a 14th-century Serbian medieval warrior and Hero character known as Jug Bogdan (Југ Богдан, [jûɡ bôɡdaːn]) in Serbian epic poetry. He was born in the early 14th century to Vratislav of the Nemanjić Dynasty, the son of Dmitar, and grandson of Prince Vukan (r. 1202-1204). He was a commander of Serb Emperor Stefan Dušan, and was sent with Serbian-Greek Jovan Oliver to negotiate with Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos prior to the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 in which the Serbian Empire would fight on both sides. Vratko and Oliver led the Serbian army to attack Serres on orders by John VI Kantakouzenos. He was the father of Milica who was the wife of Prince Lazar, the ruler of Moravian Serbia. The Church of Jug Bogdan in Prokuplje, known among the locals as "the Latin church" after Venetians lived in the city briefly, was built by Jug Bogdan in the 14th century on a hill on the previous location of a 5th-century church which in turn was at the location of a temple from the 2nd century dedicated to Hercules. Parts and Frescoes of the two previous churches have been found.

official language

Swedish

Finnish

['niue', 'old bulgarian', 'valencian', 'somali', 'slavonic', 'middle persian', 'karelia', 'norman', 'chuvashia', 'elamite', 'haitian creole', 'assyrian', 'greenlandic', 'hawaiian', 'romansh', 'ingush', 'gaeilge', 'swedish', 'seychellois', 'komi', 'inari sami', 'tuvaluan', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'kiribati', 'north korean', 'montenegrin', 'church slavonic', 'stress', 'manchu', 'azeri turkish', 'acehnese', 'aranese', 'afghanistan', 'nepali', 'veneto', 'erzya', 'moldova', 'irish', 'greek islands', 'farsi', 'norwegian', 'pomo', 'dutch', 'west frisian', 'isixhosa', 'siswati', 'tamil', 'seselwa', 'simplified chinese', 'tajik', 'creole', 'chechen', 'chamoru', 'malayalam', 'estonian', 'aramaic', 'old irish', 'mandarin chinese', 'malta', 'albania', 'germanic', 'niuean', 'bengali', 'tatar', 'moldovan', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'thai', 'ryukyuan', 'mongol', 'balinese', 'tajiki', 'oriya', 'turkish', 'bislama', 'swahili', 'maltese archipelago', 'castellano', 'dargwa', 'ger', 'malay', 'francophonie', 'bashkir', 'marathi', 'sinhala', 'dari persian', 'aymara', 'kyrgyz', 'tswana', 'mari', 'portuguese', 'akkad', 'punic', 'manx gaelic', 'chukchi', 'kongo', 'sesotho', 'esperantists', 'flemish dutch', 'old english']

Stefan Öhman

Stefan Öhman (born 5 May 1976 in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden) is a Swedish-Finnish professional ice hockey forward who currently plays for IK Oskarshamn of the HockeyAllsvenskan. He has spent several years in the Finnish SM-liiga, playing for Tappara and Espoo Blues, and he has also played for Björklöven and Modo Hockey of the Swedish Elitserien.

official language

Qing Empire

Chinese

['amazigh', 'cymraeg', 'samoan', 'old irish', 'dargwa', 'old east slavic', 'old persian', 'croat', 'ellada', 'british english', 'mandarin', 'koine greek', 'hindi', 'romani', 'luxembourgish', 'occitan', 'slovenija', 'catalan', 'indonesian', 'bable', 'bashkir', 'irish gaelic', 'north korean', 'great russian', 'persian', 'francophonie', 'turkic', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'hebrew', 'bulgarian', 'cantonese', 'azerbaijani', 'urdu', 'dari persian', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'nuristani', 'old french', 'kabardian', 'ger', 'ossetic', 'kiribati', 'polish', 'khakas', 'esperanto', 'malta', 'lithuanian', 'armenia', 'slovene', 'tatar', 'setswana', 'magyar', 'uzbekistan', 'turkmen', 'byzantine greek', 'ancient greek', 'basque', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'acehnese', 'kirghiz', 'isixhosa', 'kalmyk', 'quechua', 'maltese archipelago', 'cebuano', 'skolt sami', 'circassian', 'frisian', 'gaeilge', 'komi', 'dzongkha', 'church slavonic', 'tigrinya', 'national', 'old english', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'old catalan', 'lezgian', 'macedonian slavic', 'chechen', 'greek cypriot', 'parsi', 'farsi', 'vietnamese', 'albania', 'kazakh', 'romansh', 'bengali', 'georgian', 'european communities', 'chhattisgarhi', 'somali', 'tok pisin', 'balinese', 'chewa', 'tetum', 'aramaic', 'inari sami', 'slovak', 'greek peninsula']

Lifan Yuan

The Lifan Yuan (Chinese: 理藩院; pinyin: Lǐfànyuàn; Manchu: Tulergi golo be dasara jurgan; Mongolian: γadaγdu mongγul un törü-yi jasaqu jabudal-un jamun) was an agency in the government of the Qing dynasty which supervised the Qing Empire's frontier Inner Asia regions such as its Mongolian dependencies and oversaw the appointments of Ambans in Tibet.

official language

Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic

Russian

['kashubian', 'slovenia', 'aragonese', 'castellano', 'french creole', 'swazi', 'croatian', 'afghanistan', 'cypriot', 'chuvashia', 'kirundi', 'marathi', 'kalmyk', 'papiamentu', 'manx gaelic', 'pomo', 'esperanto', 'north korean', 'bislama', 'icelandic', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'kirghiz', 'europe', 'azeri', 'macedonian', 'farsi', 'marshallese', 'berber s', 'slavonic', 'old bulgarian', 'kachin state', 'inuinnaqtun', 'mandarin', 'british english', 'serbian cyrillic', 'palauan', 'old catalan', 'tibetan', 'oriya', 'tetum', 'circassian', 'luxembourgeois', 'hindi', 'tamil', 'tuvaluan', 'ottoman turkish', 'finnish', 'pilipino', 'chinese', 'telegu', 'crimean tatar', 'sinhala', 'pomoan s', 'luxemburgish', 'castilian spanish', 'catalonian', 'udmurt', 'afrikaans', 'chechen', 'nynorsk', 'dutch', 'hawaiian', 'sinhalese', 'chuvash republic', 'malay', 'hispanic', 'greek cypriot', 'kven', 'zulu', 'lezgian', 'european union', 'sami s', 'flemish dutch', 'hispano', 'bable', 'kyrgyz', 'lydian', 'hungarian', 'finnish border', 'venda', 'khakas', 'tajik', 'english', 'lao', 'setswana', 'estonian', 'mongolian', 'bulgarian', 'acehnese', 'latvian', 'divehi', 'old persian', 'abkhaz', 'chukchi', 'papiamento', 'greek islands', 'komi', 'berber', 'vietnamese']

Coat of arms of Transnistria

The coat of arms of Transnistria constitutes a remodeled version of the former Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic emblem, as substituted by the internationally recognized Moldovan government after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The only major pictorial change made in the Transnistrian device involved the addition of waves, representing the River Dniester. But the inscription on the red banner changed: unlike the Moldavian SSR emblem, which bore the acronym "РССМ" (for "Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic") and the USSR state slogan "Workers of the world, unite!" in the Russian and Moldavian languages, the Transnistrian emblem bears the name "Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic" in the Moldovan, Russian and Ukrainian languages. In Moldavian, it reads "Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ" (transliterated: "Republica Moldoveneascǎ Nistreanǎ"); in Russian, it reads "Приднестровская Молдавская Республика" (transliterated: "Pridnestrovskaya Moldavskaya Respublika"); and, in Ukrainian, it reads "Придністровська Молдавська Республіка" (transliterated: "Prydnistrovśka Moldavśka Respublika"). Despite the emblem's depiction of the Hammer and Sickle, Transnistria is not a Socialist State.

official language

Nederland

Dutch

['belorussian', 'slovene', 'scottish', 'rwanda', 'traditional chinese', 'isixhosa', 'sesotho', 'egyptian', 'greenlandic', 'ancient egyptian', 'khakas', 'balinese', 'aceh', 'afrikaans', 'dari persian', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'aragonese', 'old english', 'slovenian', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'esperantists', 'malaysian', 'classical greek', 'tigrinya', 'chechen', 'hellenic', 'europe', 'somali', 'kabardian', 'kazakh', 'bahasa melayu', 'serbian', 'kurdish', 'inari sami', 'basque', 'ger', 'ingush', 'mongol', 'latvian', 'irish gaelic', 'azeri turkish', 'nauruan', 'ellada', 'french creole', 'pomoan s', 'berber s', 'czech', 'macedonian slavic', 'middle persian', 'veneto', 'asturian', 'kven', 'uzbekistan', 'kachin state', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'bashkir', 'cantonese', 'khasi', 'skolt sami', 'abaza', 'niuean', 'javanese', 'russian', 'venda', 'lao', 'nepali', 'mam', 'english grammar', 'akkad', 'malayalam music', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'akkadian', 'chinese', 'gaeilge', 'maltese archipelago', 'italians', 'kumyk', 'finnish border', 'old catalan', 'kiribati', 'bahasa malaysia', 'english', 'castellano', 'swahili', 'tuvaluan', 'dargwa', 'montenegrin', 'tongan', 'european communities', 'azeri', 'nuristani', 'slovak', 'romani', 'chamoru', 'bable', 'afghanistan', 'lowland scots', 'kongo', 'old persian']

Wijnand van der Sanden

Dr. Wijnand Antonius Bernardus van der Sanden (born 1953 in Geldrop) is a Dutch archaeologist and prehistorian. After graduating he studied history of arts and classical archaeology at the Radboud University Nijmegen, later he studied prehistory at the University of Groningen where he gained his doctorate in 1990 with a thesis on Dutch bog body finds from the Bronze age to the Roman period Mens en moeras: veenlijken in Nederland van de bronstijd tot en met de Romeinse tijd. From 1987 to 1997 van der Sanden was curator of the archaeological department of the Drents Museum in Assen. Since 1997 he has been the provincial archaeologist of the province Drenthe. Van der Sanden was a member of the Werkgroep Hunebedden (Woprking group Megalithics) from 1988 to 1999 and since 1988 has been editor-in-chief of the archaeological section of the Nieuwe Drentse Volksalmanak. Since 1987 van der Sanden has been working on scientific studies relating to archaeologcial bog finds in the province of Drenthe and continued his studies in this area, which was also the subject of his doctorate thesis. In 1995, as a guest curator, he organised an special exhibition at Silkeborg Museum in Denmark on North-West European bog body finds and he edited the catalogue Vereeuwigd in het veen. (English title Through nature to eternity.) Since 1990 van der Sanden has been working on the scientific verification of find records and archaeological finds of bog bodies in the Netherlands and Germany, especially from the nachlass of the German scientist Alfred Dieck. Wijnand van der Sanden has also published several works on Neolithic cultures of the Netherlands. Wijnand van der Sanden is also a member of various thesis committees for different universities.

official language

Mali

French

['afghanistan', 'finnish border', 'greenlandic', 'hispanic', 'bahasa melayu', 'georgian', 'venetian', 'polish', 'valencian', 'european union', 'russian', 'ossetian', 'old church slavonic', 'crimean tatar', 'hindi', 'kachin state', 'old bulgarian', 'old persian', 'icelandic', 'galician', 'abkhazian', 'sal', 'afrikaans', 'germanic', 'tamazight', 'magyar', 'serbian cyrillic', 'cymraeg', 'middle persian', 'northern sotho', 'european communities', 'bashkortostan', 'bashkir', 'creole', 'palauan', 'chuvash', 'rutul', 'croat', 'khasi', 'north korean', 'dari', 'mandarin chinese', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'skolt sami', 'tamil', 'tsonga', 'cyprus', 'tuvan', 'slavonic', 'veneto', 'carolinian', 'punjabi', 'siswati', 'lao', 'kabardian', 'chechen', 'kaz', 'italian', 'old french', 'akkadian', 'esperantists', 'turkic', 'tatar', 'sotho', 'slovakian', 'latin', 'kalaallisut', 'hellenic', 'korean', 'kazakh', 'lydian', 'dargwa', 'chukchi', 'greek people', 'bengali', 'telugu', 'guoyu', 'macedonian slavic', 'aceh', 'latvian', 'tigrinya', 'berber s', 'komi', 'kumyk', 'old english', 'kiswahili', 'kirghiz', 'tetum', 'samoan', 'adyghe', 'ellada', 'comorian', 'karelia', 'classical greek', 'laotian', 'lezgian', 'marathi', 'maltese archipelago', 'hangul']

Soumaïla Cissé

Soumaïla Cissé (born December 20, 1949) is a Malian politician. Born in Timbuctu, Soumaïla Cissé studied at l'Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénieur de Montpellier in France to become a software engineer. He worked in several large French companies (IBM-France, le Groupe Pechiney, le Groupe Thomson and the aerospace company Air Inter) before returning to Mali in 1984 to work at the Compagnie malienne pour le développement des textiles (CMDT). With his creation of the Alliance pour la démocratie au Mali-Parti africain pour la solidarité et la justice ("Alliance for democracy in Mali/African Party for solidarity and justice," ADEMA-PASJ), he became the Secretary General of the Presidency of the Republic following the 1992 election of Alpha Oumar Konaré. In 1993, he was named Minister of Finances, then in 2000, Minister of Equipment, Management of Territory, Environment, and Urban Planning in the government of Mandé Sidibé. Cissé was elected as the Third Vice-President of ADEMA-PASJ at the party's first extraordinary congress, held between November 25 and November 28, 2000. In January 2002, he resigned from the government to devote himself to preparation for the 2002 presidential election, and ADEMA-PASJ selected him as its candidate to succeed Alpha Oumar Konaré. Cissé took second place in the first round of the election with 21.31% of the vote, but he lost to Amadou Toumani Touré in the second round, taking 35.65% of the vote. Considering himself overthrown by a faction of ADEMA-PASJ, Cissé left the party with a group of loyalists to found the Union for the Republic and Democracy (Union pour la république et la démocratie, URD) in June 2003. Soumaïla Cissé is currently President of the Commission of the West African Monetary Union (UEMOA).

official language

Byzantine Empire

Latin

['georgian', 'luxembourgeois', 'ottoman', 'greek cypriot', 'frisian', 'ukraine', 'portuguese', 'danish', 'ukrainian', 'venda', 'kannada', 'european union', 'kachin state', 'kabardian', 'flemish dutch', 'sal', 'european portuguese', 'rwanda', 'aragonese', 'kumyk', 'marshallese', 'greek', 'old italian', 'italian', 'avar', 'castilian', 'amazigh', 'fijian', 'church slavonic', 'sinhalese', 'moldova', 'sicilian', 'malagasy', 'carolinian', 'setswana', 'punjabi', 'erzya', 'moldovan', 'european communities', 'romansh', 'bashkortostan', 'malta', 'shona', 'bashkir', 'afghanistan', 'cantonese', 'malayalam music', 'korean', 'nenets', 'dari', 'meadow mari', 'pomoan s', 'latin american spanish', 'macedonian', 'dhivehi', 'circassian', 'great russian', 'hungarian', 'hangul', 'dzongkha', 'bable', 'finland', 'abkhaz', 'tuvan', 'comorian', 'kalaallisut', 'belorussian', 'sami', 'azeri', 'hindustani', 'adyghe', 'estonian', 'balinese', 'cymraeg', 'gaeilge', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'irish', 'chuvash', 'kven', 'udmurt', 'ellada', 'spanish', 'old english', 'chinese', 'armenia', 'finnish', 'old bulgarian', 'slovenian', 'kalmyk', 'irish gaelic', 'bahasa melayu', 'farsi', 'english', 'tsonga', 'abaza', 'maltese archipelago', 'turkmen', 'valencian', 'sotho']

Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae

The Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae (Latin: "Corpus of Byzantine history sources") or CFHB is an international project aiming to collect, edit and provide textual criticism on the historical sources from the time of the Byzantine Empire (4th–15th centuries AD). Its purpose is to make the works of Byzantine authors, especially those that had previously been unedited, available to modern research in an updated form. The project was undertaken at the 13th International Congress of Byzantine Studies in Oxford in 1966, and is under the auspices Association Internationale des Études Byzantines (AIEB) and its national branches.

official language

Tajikistan

tajik

['sami', 'finnish border', 'tok pisin', 'chichewa', 'inari', 'greek cypriot', 'leonese', 'lowland scots', 'indonesian', 'mongolian', 'georgian', 'koine greek', 'meadow mari', 'irish', 'komi', 'ger', 'castellano', 'karelia', 'kyrgyz', 'gaeilge', 'swedish', 'hungarian', 'spanish', 'catalonian', 'malta', 'telegu', 'greek islands', 'kirghiz', 'etruscan', 'european communities', 'montenegrin', 'acehnese', 'old italian', 'amharic', 'english', 'russian', 'moksha', 'abaza', 'khasi', 'italians', 'greek peninsula', 'great russian', 'magyar', 'catalan', 'hebraic', 'ossetian', 'abkhaz', 'afrikaans', 'khmer', 'divehi', 'comorian', 'circassian', 'punic', 'aragonese', 'niue', 'anglo', 'hispanic', 'estonian', 'pomoan', 'bosnian', 'venda', 'thai', 'veneto', 'english grammar', 'seselwa', 'francophonie', 'italy', 'basque', 'dari', 'maldivian', 'cypriot', 'ukraine', 'aceh', 'brazilian portuguese', 'macedonian', 'tuvan', 'french', 'siswati', 'bengali', 'tswana', 'chewa', 'sal', 'kiswahili', 'cebuano', 'ryukyuan', 'castilian spanish', 'swahili', 'shona', 'maltese archipelago', 'medieval greek', 'armenia', 'niuean', 'malayalam', 'lithuanian', 'esperantists', 'pilipino', 'sinhalese', 'azeri', 'old persian']

Hamid Hassani

Hamid Hassani or Hamid Hasani (Persian: حمید حسنی) ([hæˈmiːd-e hæsæˈniː]) (born November 23, 1968 in Saqqez, Iranian Kurdistan province, Iran) is an Iranian scholar and researcher, concentrated on Persian lexicography, dictionary-making, and Persian corpus linguistics, also an expert on Persian, Standard Arabic, and Kurdish prosody (metrics/ versification). He lives in Tehran since 1987. Hassani has reached a PhD degree in Persian language and literature from the University of Tehran. He has published 7 books and more than 120 papers on Persian, Arabic, and Kurdish language and literature. Hassani also has published some works on Persian lexicography, corpus-making, and frequency-concordance dictionaries. Hassani has given four international lectures: two lectures in English and Persian in Oslo, Norway (September 1997, at the University of Oslo, Blindern and Kloden Institute, respectively), and two lectures in Persian and Tajik-Persian in Dushanbe, Tajikistan (March 2006) at the Institute of Oriental Studies and Written Heritage of the Academy of Sciences and Tajik State National University (in Tajik language: Донишгоҳи миллии Тоҷикистон). He also has participated in publishing more than 150 books and nearly 10 titles of magazines/ journals as a member of editorial board, an editor, a copy editor, and/or a proofreader. He works as a senior researcher at The Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Departments of "Terminology" and "Encyclopædia of Persian Language and Literature", Tehran, Iran.

official language

Finland

finnish

['slovene', 'akkadian', 'creole', 'assyrian', 'luxemburgish', 'korean', 'aragonese', 'papiamentu', 'khasi', 'sicilian', 'russified', 'slovak', 'rwanda', 'venetian', 'latvian', 'old ruthenian', 'romani', 'guarani', 'portuguese', 'latin american spanish', 'lydian', 'bahasa malaysia', 'greenlandic', 'british english', 'catalan', 'italy', 'tongan', 'manchu', 'chhattisgarhi', 'magyar', 'koine greek', 'romanian', 'skolt sami', 'telugu', 'danish', 'sesotho', 'serbian', 'hebrew', 'kashubian', 'slovenian', 'old russian', 'rutul', 'romansh', 'niue', 'hispanic', 'komi', 'luxembourgish', 'kiribati', 'uzbek', 'old welsh', 'inari', 'italian', 'northern sotho', 'esperanto', 'farsi', 'azerbaijani', 'old english', 'bulgarian', 'serbian cyrillic', 'quechua', 'bashkir', 'hawaiian', 'cypriot', 'classical greek', 'xhosa', 'european portuguese', 'bosniak', 'faroese', 'galician', 'filipino', 'lao', 'guoyu', 'albania', 'church slavonic', 'bashkortostan', 'azeri', 'sinhala', 'tetun', 'sami', 'flemish dutch', 'old italian', 'malta', 'frisian', 'european union', 'european spanish', 'armenian', 'acehnese', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'byzantine greek', 'macedonian slavic', 'kalmyk', 'kven', 'chukchi', 'chuvash', 'akkad', 'belorussian', 'tswana', 'crimean tatar', 'turkic']

Karelian language

Karelian language (karjala, karjal or kariela) is a Finnic language spoken mainly in the Russian Republic of Karelia. Linguistically Karelian is closely related to the Finnish dialects spoken in eastern Finland and some Finnish linguists even classified Karelian as a dialect of Finnish. Karelian is not to be confused with the Southeastern dialects of Finnish, sometimes referred to as karjalaismurteet ('Karelian dialects') in Finland. There is no single standard Karelian language. Each writer writes in Karelian according to their own dialectal form. Three main written standards have been developed, for North Karelian; Olonets Karelian; and Tver Karelian. With the exception of Tver Karelian, all variants are written with the Latin-based Karelian alphabet, though the Cyrillic script has been used in the past.

official language

Ontario

english

['tamazight', 'russian', 'vietnamese', 'samoan', 'slovakian', 'sami', 'acehnese', 'rutul', 'inuinnaqtun', 'malayalam', 'esperanto', 'french creole', 'persian', 'ingush', 'armenian', 'old russian', 'esperantists', 'national', 'norwegian', 'amharic', 'latin american spanish', 'buryat', 'bashkortostan', 'creole', 'sicilian', 'veneto', 'tajik', 'venetian', 'divehi', 'bahasa melayu', 'kirghiz', 'zulu', 'germanic', 'pomoan', 'japanese', 'tamil', 'haitian creole', 'estonian', 'moldova', 'chuvash republic', 'turkic', 'serbian', 'khmer', 'sotho', 'pilipino', 'tuvan', 'meadow mari', 'chuvash', 'cypriot', 'berber s', 'russified', 'castilian spanish', 'lithuanian', 'asturian', 'ossetic', 'slovak', 'tok pisin', 'romansh', 'ger', 'kachin state', 'greek people', 'finland', 'manx gaelic', 'old east slavic', 'crimean tatar', 'egyptian', 'hindustani', 'moksha', 'kannada', 'catalonian', 'medieval greek', 'greek peninsula', 'setswana', 'leonese', 'italian', 'malagasy', 'papiamento', 'abkhazian', 'mam', 'hangul', 'occitan', 'chhattisgarhi', 'dhivehi', 'papiamentu', 'punjabi', 'old french', 'amazigh', 'chewa', 'finnish', 'ossetian', 'malaysian', 'old church slavonic', 'comorian', 'slovene', 'maltese', 'northern sami', 'irish', 'khasi', 'armenia']

Andrea Lindsay

Andrea Lindsay is a Canadian pop singer-songwriter, who won the Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2010 for her album Les Sentinelles dorment. Originally from Guelph, Ontario, Lindsay was raised as an anglophone, but learned French as an adult after visiting France at age 18. Later settling in Montreal, Quebec, she formed the band Tuesday 5 with Jennifer Bacchet, releasing the English language album Here and Now in 2003. Her subsequent albums as a solo artist have all been in French. In 2011, she also participated as a supporting musician in a reunion tour by the Franco-Ontarian rock band CANO. She is married to musician Luc de Larochellière. In 2012, they released the album C'est d'l'amour ou c'est comme as a duo.

official language

Chennai

tamil

['nynorsk', 'hispano', 'tetun', 'occitan', 'brazilian portuguese', 'croatian', 'kannada', 'telegu', 'kven', 'greek', 'quechua', 'maltese', 'macedonian', 'mandarin chinese', 'cantonese', 'belarusian', 'old welsh', 'valencian', 'buryat', 'old irish', 'norman', 'assyrian', 'tamazight', 'circassian', 'malagasy', 'inari sami', 'middle persian', 'khakas', 'swahili', 'chechen', 'written chinese', 'bashkir', 'albania', 'kabardian', 'carolinian', 'croat', 'traditional chinese', 'castellano', 'parsi', 'tetum', 'georgian', 'oriya', 'sesotho', 'luxembourgish', 'irish', 'italians', 'hindustani', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'guarani', 'czech', 'welsh', 'nepali', 'belorussian', 'ottoman', 'hangul', 'old italian', 'stress', 'pilipino', 'latin american spanish', 'aceh', 'nauruan', 'anglo', 'akkadian', 'chuvashia', 'japanese', 'niuean', 'macedonian slavic', 'aragonese', 'romani', 'sango', 'mam', 'acehnese', 'armenia', 'polish', 'esperanto', 'hebrew', 'sami s', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'chukchi', 'european portuguese', 'mongol', 'european union', 'samoan', 'urdu', 'divehi', 'bashkortostan', 'norwegian', 'kurdish', 'slovenian', 'medieval greek', 'shona', 'ottoman turkish', 'romanian', 'frisian', 'kirghiz', 'xhosa', 'sal', 'hungarian']

Ramana (actor)

Ramana is a Tamil film actor in Chennai, India. He has appeared in Tamil films in leading and supporting roles. He is the son of Telugu actor Vijay Babu who is well known for the role of Rajinikanth's younger brother in Padikkadavan. He is the wicket keeper for the team Chennai Rhinos in Celebrity Cricket League.

official language

American Samoa

english

['pitkern', 'finnish border', 'malagasy', 'old church slavonic', 'greenlandic', 'tok pisin', 'manchu', 'mandarin', 'ellada', 'guarani', 'leonese', 'hawaiian', 'nynorsk', 'malayalam music', 'mongolian', 'polish', 'norwegian', 'old east slavic', 'hungarian', 'malaysian', 'european communities', 'irish', 'bashkortostan', 'balinese', 'inari', 'swahili', 'european spanish', 'amharic', 'sami', 'finnish', 'turkmen', 'frisian', 'dari', 'tuvaluan', 'moldova', 'kven', 'pomoan', 'japanese', 'hispano', 'mam', 'lowland scots', 'nepali', 'pilipino', 'middle persian', 'anglo', 'hebrew', 'tuvan', 'dhivehi', 'norman', 'latvian', 'valencian', 'hindustani', 'old welsh', 'niuean', 'meadow mari', 'kaz', 'berber s', 'korean', 'classical greek', 'pomoan s', 'circassian', 'aceh', 'seychellois', 'english grammar', 'uzbek', 'maltese islands', 'lydian', 'italy', 'magyar', 'romansh', 'romanian', 'european portuguese', 'slavonic', 'castilian spanish', 'germanic', 'fijian', 'setswana', 'kyrgyz', 'tamil', 'turkish', 'georgian', 'shona', 'gaeilge', 'parsi', 'quechua', 'british english', 'ingush', 'azerbaijani', 'greek people', 'kurdish', 'niue', 'bislama', 'turkic', 'hispanic', 'serbian latin', 'croatian', 'punjabi', 'thai', 'irish gaelic']

Bibliography of American Samoa

This is an English language bibliography of American Samoa and its geography, history, inhabitants, culture, biota, etc. American Samoa (/əˈmɛrᵻkən səˈmoʊ.ə/; Samoan: Amerika Sāmoa; also Amelika Sāmoa or Sāmoa Amelika) is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa (formerly known as Western Samoa).

official language

Khabarovsk Krai

Russian

['khmer', 'slovenian', 'niue', 'punic', 'farsi', 'persian', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'adyghe', 'moldavian', 'romanian', 'oriya', 'slovak', 'papiamento', 'danish', 'high german', 'inari sami', 'niuean', 'vietnamese', 'old east slavic', 'gaeilge', 'sesotho', 'azeri', 'divehi', 'slovenia', 'telugu', 'xhosa', 'chuvash republic', 'latin american spanish', 'kannada', 'kalaallisut', 'kinyarwanda', 'chhattisgarhi', 'mandarin chinese', 'venetian', 'rwanda', 'putonghua', 'chichewa', 'tetum', 'creole', 'armenia', 'kyrgyz', 'occitan', 'ger', 'english', 'rutul', 'skolt sami', 'afrikaans', 'inuinnaqtun', 'greek cypriot', 'tigrinya', 'bable', 'afghanistan', 'catalan', 'north korean', 'west frisian', 'nepali', 'old ruthenian', 'dari persian', 'old french', 'cebuano', 'ryukyuan', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'simplified chinese', 'berber', 'mari', 'great russian', 'uzbekistan', 'somali', 'sami', 'croat', 'ingush', 'chukchi', 'kumyk', 'bahasa melayu', 'veneto', 'etruscan', 'tajik', 'egyptian', 'english grammar', 'malaysian', 'kiribati', 'hispanic', 'turkish', 'bahasa indonesia', 'hebrew', 'dargwa', 'ellada', 'ukraine', 'sinhala', 'macedonian', 'asturian', 'czech', 'sami s', 'nuristani', 'marathi', 'turkmen', 'classical greek', 'papiamentu', 'seselwa']

Allakh-Yun River

The Allakh-Yun (Russian: Аллах-Юнь) is a river in Sakha Republic and Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is a right tributary of the Aldan River.

official language

Lesotho

sesotho

['dhivehi', 'kven', 'azeri', 'pitkern', 'swahili', 'manx gaelic', 'buryat', 'acehnese', 'estonian', 'finland', 'kiribati', 'aymara', 'slovenija', 'balinese', 'manchu', 'moldavian', 'afrikaans', 'chukchi', 'luxemburgish', 'bahasa melayu', 'traditional chinese', 'swedish', 'malta', 'greek islands', 'cantonese', 'setswana', 'romansh', 'bashkortostan', 'magyar', 'mari', 'albanian', 'hebrew', 'pilipino', 'old catalan', 'great russian', 'udmurt', 'valencian', 'esperanto', 'bahasa indonesia', 'tibetan', 'sinhalese', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'castilian spanish', 'inari sami', 'javanese', 'ossetic', 'bable', 'english grammar', 'chuvashia', 'latin', 'old bulgarian', 'khmer', 'seychellois', 'carolinian', 'haitian creole', 'chhattisgarhi', 'gaelic', 'galician', 'tamazight', 'abkhazian', 'irish gaelic', 'kyrgyz', 'italy', 'tongan', 'aragonese', 'albania', 'danish', 'slovene', 'frisian', 'avar', 'finnish border', 'spanish', 'byzantine greek', 'stress', 'lithuanian', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'icelandic', 'bahasa malaysia', 'old english', 'malayalam', 'abaza', 'putonghua', 'korean', 'sami', 'kurdish', 'bengali', 'flemish dutch', 'thai', 'aramaic', 'czech', 'erzya', 'tigrinya', 'armenia', 'swazi', 'tetum', 'tatar', 'old french', 'malayalam music', 'basque']

Mokhotlong District

Mokhotlong district (in Sesotho language "the place of the bald ibis") is a district of Lesotho. It includes the highest terrain in the Maloti Range and the source of the Senqu River, Lesotho’s primary watershed. It has an area of 4,075 km2 and a population in 2006 of approximately 96,340. It is one of the poorest and most remote areas of Lesotho. It is mostly rural, however there are also some diamonds. Mokhotlong is the capital or camptown, and only town in the district. It has a population of approximately 7,000 (2004).

official language

Nicaragua

spanish

['divehi', 'aymara', 'valencian', 'northern sotho', 'sotho', 'telegu', 'maltese islands', 'old persian', 'scottish', 'ingush', 'hindi', 'hangul', 'germanophone', 'veneto', 'bahasa indonesia', 'english', 'turkic', 'korean', 'marshallese', 'swedish', 'occitan', 'chechen', 'tibetan', 'ellada', 'ukrainian', 'koine greek', 'ryukyuan', 'middle persian', 'sicilian', 'ossetian', 'portuguese', 'greenlandic', 'europe', 'ancient egyptian', 'medieval greek', 'luxemburgish', 'meadow mari', 'japanese', 'moldovan', 'venda', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'hispano', 'swahili', 'slovak', 'skolt sami', 'old welsh', 'old english', 'hebraic', 'classical greek', 'papiamento', 'italians', 'moksha', 'macedonian', 'chewa', 'dzongkha', 'berber s', 'chinese', 'bosnian', 'catalan', 'tatar', 'chuvash', 'elamite', 'siswati', 'malaysian', 'national', 'slavonic', 'traditional chinese', 'simplified chinese', 'leonese', 'common market', 'kumyk', 'sal', 'esperanto', 'sesotho', 'kurdish', 'malagasy', 'papiamentu', 'kven', 'zulu', 'georgian', 'nauruan', 'dargwa', 'slovenian', 'irish gaelic', 'french creole', 'lowland scots', 'malay', 'danish', 'norwegian', 'montenegrin', 'cypriot', 'grecia', 'akkadian', 'aranese', 'bashkir', 'romansh', 'serbian cyrillic', 'telugu', 'creole']

Central American Spanish

Central American Spanish (Spanish: español centroamericano or castellano centroamericano) is the general name of the Spanish language dialects spoken in Central America. More precisely, the term refers to the Spanish language as spoken in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. For Panama see Caribbean Spanish.

official language

Vaud

french

['sinhalese', 'finnish border', 'quechua', 'catalan', 'niuean', 'swazi', 'english grammar', 'komi', 'macedonian', 'catalonian', 'old bulgarian', 'cantonese', 'kinyarwanda', 'slovenija', 'mari', 'amharic', 'khakas', 'greek islands', 'nynorsk', 'russian', 'telugu', 'elamite', 'buryat', 'dutch', 'etruscan', 'church slavonic', 'occitan', 'swedish', 'chuvash republic', 'bislama', 'ancient greek', 'abkhazian', 'moldavian', 'brazilian portuguese', 'georgian', 'papiamento', 'chhattisgarhi', 'european communities', 'romansh', 'belorussian', 'siswati', 'manchu', 'mongolian', 'tamazight', 'putonghua', 'spanish', 'northern sotho', 'inari sami', 'kachin state', 'chuvash', 'aragonese', 'polish', 'sicilian', 'estonian', 'moldovan', 'greek cypriot', 'chamorro', 'ottoman', 'irish', 'setswana', 'sango', 'italians', 'amazigh', 'abaza', 'azerbaijani', 'palauan', 'chewa', 'cymraeg', 'venda', 'old east slavic', 'latin', 'ossetic', 'bosniak', 'marshallese', 'malaysian', 'romani', 'acehnese', 'sesotho', 'lezgian', 'tuvan', 'slavonic', 'adyghe', 'kiribati', 'slovene', 'punic', 'slovakian', 'chuvashia', 'cebuano', 'carolinian', 'papiamentu', 'japanese', 'kyrgyz', 'frisian', 'luxemburgish', 'hispano', 'ukraine', 'kirghiz', 'czech', 'serbian latin']

Philippe Jaccottet

Philippe Jaccottet ([filip ʒakotɛ]; born Moudon, Switzerland, 30 June 1925) is a francophone poet and translator from the Canton of Vaud, in Switzerland.

official language

Respublika Tatarstan

Russian

['malaysian', 'lowland scots', 'pitkern', 'kashubian', 'sinhala', 'dargwa', 'manchu', 'greek cypriot', 'czech', 'chinese', 'irish gaelic', 'meadow mari', 'galician', 'slovenija', 'ossetian', 'chhattisgarhi', 'afghanistan', 'chamoru', 'mari', 'rwanda', 'spanish', 'faroese', 'hawaiian', 'romansh', 'malagasy', 'guarani', 'belarusian', 'maltese archipelago', 'finnish border', 'adyghe', 'crimean tatar', 'frisian', 'serbian', 'kaz', 'khasi', 'haitian creole', 'malay', 'occitan', 'quechua', 'dari persian', 'old ruthenian', 'gaeilge', 'catalonian', 'polish', 'thai', 'russified', 'dari', 'northern sotho', 'uzbek', 'maldivian', 'esperanto', 'ukrainian', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'romanian', 'pomo', 'chuvash republic', 'khakas', 'avar', 'macedonian', 'egyptian', 'azeri', 'latvian', 'asturian', 'valencian', 'catalan', 'old welsh', 'bosnian', 'tuvan', 'abaza', 'cymraeg', 'classical greek', 'fijian', 'castilian', 'danish', 'latin', 'bislama', 'common market', 'montenegrin', 'lithuanian', 'turkish', 'sango', 'portuguese', 'macedonian slavic', 'malta', 'shona', 'azerbaijani', 'tajik', 'chichewa', 'mongol', 'brazilian portuguese', 'filipino', 'kyrgyz', 'italian', 'azeri turkish', 'kachin state', 'khmer', 'sinhalese', 'lao', 'pilipino']

Denis Kapustin

Denis Viktorovich Kapustin (Russian: Денис Викторович Капустин; born October 5, 1970 in Kazan, Respublika Tatarstan) is a retired male triple jumper from Russia. Best known for winning the bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics, he is also the 1994 European champion. His personal best jump is 17.65 metres, which he achieved in 1998.

official language

Kenya

english

['castilian', 'marshallese', 'adyghe', 'siswati', 'old english', 'venda', 'nenets', 'abkhazian', 'latin', 'avar', 'malay', 'kannada', 'european portuguese', 'palauan', 'bengali', 'irish gaelic', 'frisian', 'egyptian', 'kiribati', 'bable', 'bahasa indonesia', 'rwanda', 'buryat', 'ingush', 'spanish', 'niuean', 'italy', 'mongolian', 'turkmen', 'ossetic', 'cyprus', 'bashkir', 'greenlandic', 'afghanistan', 'irish', 'norwegian', 'dari', 'guoyu', 'finnish', 'written chinese', 'old bulgarian', 'ryukyuan', 'pitkern', 'english grammar', 'rutul', 'punic', 'setswana', 'chuvashia', 'estonian', 'european communities', 'elamite', 'sinhala', 'brazilian portuguese', 'czech', 'nynorsk', 'ossetian', 'kalaallisut', 'akkad', 'pomo', 'greek people', 'old italian', 'slovene', 'divehi', 'belorussian', 'kurdish', 'classical greek', 'tajiki', 'circassian', 'sami s', 'north korean', 'kumyk', 'haitian creole', 'maltese islands', 'isixhosa', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'bahasa malaysia', 'hebraic', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'northern sami', 'malta', 'gaelic', 'french creole', 'crimean tatar', 'faroese', 'bislama', 'ancient egyptian', 'occitan', 'marathi', 'malayalam music', 'punjabi', 'kaz', 'chuvash', 'pomoan', 'leonese', 'lao', 'francophonie', 'papiamentu', 'russian', 'armenian']

East Africa

East Africa or Eastern Africa is the easterly region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 20 territories constitute Eastern Africa: Due to colonial territories of the British East Africa Protectorate and German East Africa, the term East Africa is often (especially in the English language) used to specifically refer to the area now comprising the three countries of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. However, this has never been the convention in many other languages, where the term generally had a wider, strictly geographic context and therefore typically included Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia.

official language

Spain

European Spanish

['pomoan s', 'hebraic', 'esperantists', 'egyptian', 'kannada', 'rutul', 'czech', 'abkhaz', 'dutch', 'tamil', 'buryat', 'ossetian', 'komi', 'ottoman', 'mam', 'welsh', 'romansh', 'korean', 'bengali', 'mandarin', 'ger', 'tatar', 'macedonian', 'old english', 'kalaallisut', 'meadow mari', 'akkad', 'old italian', 'ancient greek', 'dari', 'mongol', 'malay', 'balinese', 'sango', 'crimean tatar', 'maltese archipelago', 'north korean', 'thai', 'frisian', 'filipino', 'turkmen', 'bashkortostan', 'old east slavic', 'slovene', 'mongolian', 'northern sotho', 'flemish dutch', 'ottoman turkish', 'russified', 'adyghe', 'inari', 'fijian', 'maldivian', 'italians', 'ancient egyptian', 'setswana', 'luxemburgish', 'slovenia', 'dargwa', 'guarani', 'chamorro', 'indonesian', 'leonese', 'lowland scots', 'pomoan', 'croatian', 'chuvashia', 'azeri turkish', 'sesotho', 'moldavian', 'zulu', 'armenian', 'tibetan', 'danish', 'turkic', 'tetun', 'kabardian', 'turkish', 'sinhalese', 'irish gaelic', 'maltese', 'tswana', 'chechen', 'latin', 'khasi', 'church slavonic', 'norwegian', 'afghanistan', 'uzbek', 'finland', 'german', 'shona', 'tuvaluan', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'bahasa indonesia', 'english', 'anglo', 'haitian creole', 'european communities']

Spanish dialects and varieties

Some of the regional varieties of the Spanish language are quite divergent from one another, especially in pronunciation and vocabulary, and less so in grammar. While all Spanish dialects use the same written standard, all spoken varieties differ from the written variety, in different degrees. There are differences between European Spanish (also called Peninsular Spanish) and the Spanish of the Americas, as well as many different dialect areas both within Spain and within Hispanic America. Prominent differences of pronunciation among dialects of Spanish include: Among grammatical features, the most prominent variation among dialects is in the use of the second-person pronouns. In Hispanic America the only second-person plural pronoun, for both formal and informal treatment, is ustedes, while in most of Spain the informal second-person plural pronoun is vosotros with ustedes used only in the formal treatment. For the second-person singular familiar pronoun, some Hispanic America dialects use tú (and its associated verb forms), while others use either vos (see voseo) or both tú and vos[citation needed] (which, together with usted, can make for a possible three-tiered distinction of formalities). There are significant differences in vocabulary among regional varieties of Spanish, particularly in the domains of food products, everyday objects, and clothes; and many Hispanic American varieties show considerable lexical influence from Native American languages.

official language

Persian

Parsi

['belorussian', 'mandarin', 'marshallese', 'slovene', 'bable', 'luxembourgeois', 'latvian', 'albanian', 'tibetan', 'guoyu', 'european portuguese', 'swazi', 'maltese archipelago', 'kabardian', 'old east slavic', 'castellano', 'flemish dutch', 'marathi', 'ryukyuan', 'aceh', 'tok pisin', 'kalaallisut', 'romansh', 'french creole', 'europe', 'kurdish', 'azeri', 'croatian', 'niue', 'albania', 'malagasy', 'khasi', 'slovenia', 'turkmen', 'frisian', 'sinhala', 'esperantists', 'komi', 'ottoman turkish', 'isixhosa', 'old italian', 'korean', 'aragonese', 'ossetic', 'slovak', 'armenian', 'west frisian', 'lezgian', 'skolt sami', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'kven', 'sesotho', 'chuvashia', 'moldovan', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'papiamento', 'middle persian', 'dutch', 'tetun', 'berber', 'afghanistan', 'luxemburgish', 'seychellois', 'inari', 'bashkortostan', 'tuvan', 'chamoru', 'guarani', 'faroese', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'kirundi', 'chamorro', 'telegu', 'kinyarwanda', 'akkad', 'european spanish', 'chukchi', 'mongol', 'danish', 'hebrew', 'siswati', 'maltese', 'farsi', 'spanish', 'slovenian', 'english grammar', 'portuguese', 'moksha', 'akkadian', 'belarusian', 'kichwa', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'old french', 'sinhalese', 'swahili', 'estonian', 'moldavian', 'old bulgarian', 'tigrinya']

Parsi, Iran

Parsi (Persian: پارسي, also Romanized as Pārsī) is a village in Valupey Rural District, in the Central District of Savadkuh County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 82, in 25 families.

official language

Antilles

English

['setswana', 'creole', 'ukraine', 'balinese', 'bislama', 'bahasa melayu', 'europe', 'castilian', 'hebrew', 'esperanto', 'nauruan', 'turkish', 'finnish', 'crimean tatar', 'slovak', 'norman', 'bosnian', 'chinese', 'sami s', 'tamazight', 'russian', 'khasi', 'ossetic', 'greek islands', 'kirghiz', 'common market', 'european spanish', 'czech', 'gaelic', 'shona', 'kyrgyz', 'bable', 'malayalam music', 'montenegrin', 'malay', 'punic', 'leonese', 'traditional chinese', 'tongan', 'siswati', 'spanish', 'kumyk', 'inuinnaqtun', 'isixhosa', 'maltese', 'kashubian', 'karelia', 'kabardian', 'armenian', 'croat', 'xhosa', 'ellada', 'seselwa', 'flemish dutch', 'koine greek', 'mari', 'malayalam', 'javanese', 'estonian', 'written chinese', 'tamil', 'byzantine greek', 'north korean', 'laotian', 'slavonic', 'sal', 'francophonie', 'mongol', 'kiribati', 'aragonese', 'oriya', 'chuvash republic', 'tajik', 'guarani', 'pilipino', 'veneto', 'kalmyk', 'mandarin chinese', 'manx gaelic', 'moldova', 'ger', 'old persian', 'pomoan s', 'rwanda', 'greek people', 'belorussian', 'rutul', 'quechua', 'old ruthenian', 'amazigh', 'afghanistan', 'slovenian', 'old east slavic', 'kichwa', 'serbian latin', 'bengali', 'dhivehi', 'maldivian', 'niue']

Antillenhuis

The Antillenhuis (English: Antilles' House) was the cabinet of the Minister Plenipotentiary of the Netherlands Antilles in The Hague, the Netherlands. The last Minister Plenipotentiary is Paul Comenencia.

official language

Most Serene Republic

Latin

['old russian', 'serbian', 'chamorro', 'papiamentu', 'bahasa melayu', 'old east slavic', 'tetum', 'croatian', 'malta', 'gaelic', 'pilipino', 'egyptian', 'amazigh', 'estonian', 'kashubian', 'norwegian', 'old welsh', 'kichwa', 'lowland scots', 'pomoan', 'belarusian', 'cyprus', 'kaz', 'amharic', 'catalan', 'hindi', 'spanish', 'northern sami', 'italians', 'luxemburgish', 'abaza', 'adyghe', 'moldovan', 'korean', 'northern sotho', 'bahasa indonesia', 'french creole', 'azeri', 'venda', 'common market', 'turkmen', 'erzya', 'old irish', 'ossetic', 'chewa', 'albanian', 'inari sami', 'classical greek', 'malaysian', 'basque', 'norman', 'inari', 'divehi', 'swahili', 'tatar', 'sami', 'bengali', 'hindustani', 'galician', 'manchu', 'west frisian', 'ryukyuan', 'british english', 'finnish', 'dari', 'chukchi', 'haitian creole', 'tamil', 'old church slavonic', 'albania', 'afrikaans', 'castilian', 'latin american spanish', 'anglo', 'north korean', 'kongo', 'creole', 'croat', 'pitkern', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'armenia', 'kirundi', 'romanian', 'bosniak', 'moksha', 'slovakian', 'xhosa', 'magyar', 'parsi', 'kirghiz', 'skolt sami', 'medieval greek', 'hebraic', 'gaeilge', 'lithuanian', 'kannada', 'sotho', 'ukrainian', 'ossetian']

List of Doges of Venice

The following is a list of all 120 of the Doges of Venice ordered by the dates of their reigns which are put in parentheses. For more than 1,000 years, the chief magistrate and leader of the city of Venice and later of the Most Serene Republic of Venice was styled the Doge, a rare but not unique Italian title derived from the Latin Dux. Doges of Venice were elected for life by the city-state's aristocracy. Commonly the person selected as Doge was one of the shrewdest elders in the city. The Venetian combination of elaborate monarchic pomp and a republican (though "aristocratic") constitution with intricate checks and balances makes "La serenissima" (Venice) a textbook example of a crowned republic. Despite the great power given to them, the Venetian Doges were restricted by law (unlike the Doges of the Republic of Genoa) to spend the rest of their lives inside the Doge's Palace complex and St Mark's Basilica, occasionally leaving for diplomatic reasons.

official language

Fiji

Hindi

['norman', 'meadow mari', 'guarani', 'icelandic', 'czech', 'albania', 'bosniak', 'malay', 'mam', 'irish gaelic', 'manchu', 'berber', 'ellada', 'papiamento', 'amharic', 'tajik', 'armenian', 'malayalam music', 'siswati', 'cantonese', 'ottoman turkish', 'catalan', 'divehi', 'macedonian', 'carolinian', 'hispano', 'kazakh', 'crimean tatar', 'amazigh', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'dhivehi', 'chewa', 'lydian', 'urdu', 'romanian', 'egyptian', 'kiribati', 'pomoan s', 'serbian latin', 'cypriot', 'cymraeg', 'tatar', 'simplified chinese', 'north korean', 'old english', 'inuinnaqtun', 'nepali', 'niuean', 'bashkir', 'finnish border', 'abkhaz', 'bable', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'belorussian', 'kalaallisut', 'northern sotho', 'old bulgarian', 'romani', 'great russian', 'sango', 'sal', 'tibetan', 'latvian', 'french', 'quechua', 'italians', 'francophonie', 'uzbek', 'haitian creole', 'bahasa malaysia', 'lezgian', 'afrikaans', 'turkish', 'italian', 'lao', 'papiamentu', 'luxembourgish', 'karelia', 'old french', 'zulu', 'luxembourgeois', 'dari persian', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'middle persian', 'danish', 'aramaic', 'estonian', 'laotian', 'pomoan', 'germanophone', 'dargwa', 'moldovan', 'portuguese', 'veneto', 'finnish', 'ger', 'tigrinya', 'high german', 'uzbekistan']

Languages of Fiji

Fiji has three official languages under the 1997 constitution (and not revoked by the 2013 Constitution): English, Fijian and Hindi. Fijian is spoken either as a first or second language by indigenous Fijians who make up around 54% of the population. Fijians of Indian descent make up a further 37%, mainly speaking a local variant of Hindi, known as Fiji Hindi. English, a remnant of British colonial rule over the islands, was the sole official language until 1997 and is widely used in government, business, and education as a lingua franca; considerable business is also done in Fijian, especially away from larger town centere. A small number of other indigenous East Fijian and West Fijian regional languages are spoken on the islands, standard Fijian belonging to the East Fijian group. Rotuman and Chinese are also spoken by immigrant populations.

official language

Arjeplog

Sami

['germanic', 'lydian', 'amazigh', 'sango', 'urdu', 'erzya', 'thai', 'castellano', 'abkhaz', 'faroese', 'old persian', 'telegu', 'aranese', 'inuinnaqtun', 'old italian', 'old french', 'dargwa', 'bable', 'chukchi', 'greek islands', 'pitkern', 'azeri', 'tok pisin', 'koine greek', 'dari', 'setswana', 'kven', 'maldivian', 'pilipino', 'kalaallisut', 'latvian', 'cymraeg', 'french creole', 'european union', 'danish', 'maltese archipelago', 'berber s', 'chamoru', 'slovenia', 'greek', 'hungarian', 'aragonese', 'sami s', 'kyrgyz', 'tigrinya', 'italy', 'german', 'scottish', 'japanese', 'old east slavic', 'classical greek', 'greek people', 'old catalan', 'malagasy', 'bengali', 'italians', 'occitan', 'british english', 'irish', 'mandarin', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'russified', 'udmurt', 'karelia', 'polish', 'albanian', 'old irish', 'frisian', 'welsh', 'slovenian', 'kazakh', 'mongolian', 'indonesian', 'kannada', 'traditional chinese', 'luxembourgish', 'ger', 'cantonese', 'english grammar', 'great russian', 'hebrew', 'farsi', 'chamorro', 'ottoman', 'hawaiian', 'armenia', 'russian', 'akkadian', 'esperanto', 'sesotho', 'tamil', 'mongol', 'ryukyuan', 'mari', 'somali', 'pomoan', 'gaelic', 'balinese', 'magyar']

Pite Sami language

Pite Sami, also known as Arjeplog Sami, is a Sami language traditionally spoken in Sweden and Norway. It is a critically endangered language that has only about 25–50 native speakers left and is now only spoken on the Swedish side of the border along the Pite River in the north of Arjeplog and Arvidsjaur and in the mountainous areas of the Arjeplog municipality.

official language

IOC

English

['slavonic', 'hindustani', 'assyrian', 'amazigh', 'german', 'sami', 'aragonese', 'scottish', 'karelia', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'old french', 'tok pisin', 'guoyu', 'faroese', 'hellenic', 'turkic', 'tetun', 'basque', 'malagasy', 'romanian', 'serbian', 'traditional chinese', 'malayalam music', 'chichewa', 'adyghe', 'kirghiz', 'macedonian', 'acehnese', 'polish', 'afrikaans', 'dari persian', 'bahasa melayu', 'europe', 'chhattisgarhi', 'ingush', 'icelandic', 'mongolian', 'italy', 'javanese', 'bahasa malaysia', 'catalonian', 'european communities', 'somali', 'aranese', 'thai', 'buryat', 'mandarin', 'oriya', 'stress', 'meadow mari', 'esperanto', 'chuvash', 'valencian', 'maldivian', 'kabardian', 'moldavian', 'nuristani', 'czech', 'finland', 'erzya', 'skolt sami', 'inuinnaqtun', 'seselwa', 'asturian', 'bosnian', 'nepali', 'manx gaelic', 'brazilian portuguese', 'nenets', 'siswati', 'italian', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'hebraic', 'old welsh', 'bable', 'swahili', 'macedonian slavic', 'french creole', 'slovakian', 'old english', 'serbian latin', 'kashubian', 'parsi', 'danish', 'old irish', 'latvian', 'palauan', 'vietnamese', 'slovenia', 'cantonese', 'tigrinya', 'pomo', 'ossetic', 'veneto', 'venda', 'luxembourgish', 'national', 'greek peninsula', 'marshallese']

2014 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations

During the Parade of Nations at the 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony, held beginning at 20:14 MST (UTC+4) on 7 February 2014, 88 athletes bearing the flags of their respective nations lead their national delegations as they paraded into the Fisht Olympic Stadium in the host city of Sochi, Russia. Athletes entered the stadium in an order dictated by tradition. As the originator of the Olympics, Greece entered first. The Russian team entered last, representing the host nation. The names of the nations were announced first in French, followed by English and finally Russian, the official languages of the Olympic movement and of the host nation, in accordance with tradition and IOC guidelines. The nations entered in alphabetic order of their country names in Russian.

official language

Oulainen

Finnish

['creole', 'russified', 'frisian', 'filipino', 'papiamentu', 'germanic', 'irish', 'tamazight', 'ryukyuan', 'serbian cyrillic', 'khmer', 'magyar', 'sango', 'greek islands', 'kachin state', 'ukrainian', 'french creole', 'ossetic', 'tetun', 'akkadian', 'hawaiian', 'bashkortostan', 'hebraic', 'leonese', 'kazakh', 'polish', 'chechen', 'quechua', 'slovenian', 'seselwa', 'greek cypriot', 'high german', 'akkad', 'pomoan s', 'europe', 'afrikaans', 'bislama', 'abkhazian', 'egyptian', 'fijian', 'xhosa', 'northern sami', 'old irish', 'uzbek', 'common market', 'sotho', 'esperanto', 'kven', 'old italian', 'hindustani', 'romani', 'ellada', 'written chinese', 'luxembourgeois', 'oriya', 'isixhosa', 'balinese', 'manchu', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'tuvan', 'asturian', 'castilian', 'moldavian', 'slovene', 'palauan', 'afghanistan', 'carolinian', 'inuinnaqtun', 'lowland scots', 'azeri turkish', 'azerbaijani', 'italy', 'spanish', 'greek', 'malaysian', 'erzya', 'kalaallisut', 'armenian', 'laotian', 'buryat', 'venda', 'punic', 'cantonese', 'cebuano', 'kinyarwanda', 'uzbekistan', 'chukchi', 'portuguese', 'kalmyk', 'haitian creole', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'hindi', 'chamoru', 'finland', 'national', 'komi', 'pomoan', 'turkic', 'faroese']

Oulainen

Oulainen is a town and a municipality of Finland, founded in 1865. It received township rights in 1977. It is located in the province of Oulu and is part of the Northern Ostrobothnia region. The municipality has a population of 7,687(30 June 2015) and covers an area of 597.54 square kilometres (230.71 sq mi) ofwhich 10.01 km2 (3.86 sq mi)is water. The population density is13.08 inhabitants per square kilometre (33.9/sq mi). Notable annual events include the National Veteran Machines Fair (Waltakunnalliset Weteraanikonepäivät) and Oulainen Music Weeks (Oulaisten Musiikkiviikot). Oulainen Music Weeks were organized for the twentieth time in 2006. The Oulainen Youth Choir (Oulaisten Nuorisokuoro) has received international acclaim. In addition to the town center, the municipality includes the villages of Kilpua, Lehtopää, Matkaniva, Petäjäskoski, Piipsjärvi and Honkaranta. The municipality is unilingually Finnish. The municipality has previously also been known as "Oulais" in Swedish documents, but is today referred to as "Oulainen" also in Swedish.

official language

Transnistria

Moldovan

['ingush', 'common market', 'lydian', 'traditional chinese', 'belorussian', 'etruscan', 'tsonga', 'meadow mari', 'european spanish', 'norman', 'dhivehi', 'berber s', 'hangul', 'armenia', 'mandarin', 'chewa', 'sinhalese', 'armenian', 'tamazight', 'tamil', 'abkhazian', 'mongol', 'croatian', 'aragonese', 'akkadian', 'inari sami', 'abkhaz', 'ellada', 'polish', 'inari', 'tswana', 'czech', 'tuvaluan', 'northern sami', 'vietnamese', 'cebuano', 'stress', 'luxembourgish', 'occitan', 'georgian', 'old welsh', 'adyghe', 'lezgian', 'quechua', 'kannada', 'chinese', 'malayalam', 'esperanto', 'kirghiz', 'venetian', 'bosniak', 'belarusian', 'lao', 'afrikaans', 'pomoan s', 'galician', 'azeri turkish', 'macedonian', 'esperantists', 'isixhosa', 'bislama', 'dari persian', 'sami', 'kumyk', 'amharic', 'chamoru', 'dari', 'slovakian', 'berber', 'great russian', 'korean', 'castellano', 'egyptian', 'portuguese', 'sal', 'guoyu', 'kichwa', 'aceh', 'siswati', 'cyprus', 'setswana', 'valencian', 'fijian', 'malagasy', 'tuvan', 'mari', 'divehi', 'kurdish', 'tetun', 'khmer', 'bulgarian', 'old ruthenian', 'kachin state', 'chechen', 'swazi', 'rwanda', 'crimean tatar', 'pitkern', 'classical greek']

Coat of arms of Transnistria

The coat of arms of Transnistria constitutes a remodeled version of the former Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic emblem, as substituted by the internationally recognized Moldovan government after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The only major pictorial change made in the Transnistrian device involved the addition of waves, representing the River Dniester. But the inscription on the red banner changed: unlike the Moldavian SSR emblem, which bore the acronym "РССМ" (for "Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic") and the USSR state slogan "Workers of the world, unite!" in the Russian and Moldavian languages, the Transnistrian emblem bears the name "Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic" in the Moldovan, Russian and Ukrainian languages. In Moldavian, it reads "Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ" (transliterated: "Republica Moldoveneascǎ Nistreanǎ"); in Russian, it reads "Приднестровская Молдавская Республика" (transliterated: "Pridnestrovskaya Moldavskaya Respublika"); and, in Ukrainian, it reads "Придністровська Молдавська Республіка" (transliterated: "Prydnistrovśka Moldavśka Respublika"). Despite the emblem's depiction of the Hammer and Sickle, Transnistria is not a Socialist State.

official language

Qing dynasty

chinese

['ossetian', 'castellano', 'romani', 'nauruan', 'uzbek', 'albanian', 'slovak', 'tigrinya', 'finland', 'lowland scots', 'flemish dutch', 'aceh', 'bahasa indonesia', 'parsi', 'chamorro', 'malaysian', 'bengali', 'fijian', 'ossetic', 'sinhala', 'estonian', 'ger', 'catalan', 'italian', 'creole', 'malagasy', 'swahili', 'seychellois', 'faroese', 'chhattisgarhi', 'bashkortostan', 'latvian', 'malayalam', 'bashkir', 'polish', 'javanese', 'lezgian', 'khasi', 'macedonian slavic', 'croatian', 'nepali', 'turkmen', 'written chinese', 'mari', 'telugu', 'valencian', 'turkic', 'english grammar', 'high german', 'ottoman turkish', 'serbian', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'adyghe', 'old catalan', 'venda', 'russified', 'laotian', 'aymara', 'ukraine', 'magyar', 'egyptian', 'chuvashia', 'papiamento', 'georgian', 'croat', 'slovene', 'slovenia', 'british english', 'persian', 'greek people', 'german', 'isixhosa', 'inuinnaqtun', 'french creole', 'moldavian', 'esperanto', 'crimean tatar', 'rwanda', 'icelandic', 'tamazight', 'old bulgarian', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'tswana', 'akkad', 'italians', 'kaz', 'europe', 'haitian creole', 'buryat', 'seselwa', 'slovenian', 'grecia', 'irish gaelic', 'french', 'lithuanian', 'dari', 'kachin state', 'old english', 'tetun']

Manchu literature

Manchu literature refers to works written in Manchu which became a literary language after the creation of the Manchu script in 1599. Hong Taiji sponsored the translations of many Chinese language histories and classics in his newly declared Qing dynasty. The majority of literary works in Manchu during the Qing dynasty consisted of officially sanctioned translations of Chinese Confucian classics and political works, and later translations of Chinese novels and texts on medicine, history, religion. There were few Manchu archetypal literary works. The German sinologist Eric Hauer argued that the Manchu translations of Chinese classics and fiction were done by experts familiar with their original meaning and with how best to express it in Manchu. Because Manchu is easy to learn, these translations enable the student to use the Manchu versions of the classics to verify the meaning of the Chinese text, for instance, the Manchu translation of the Peiwen yunfu or the language of difficult Chinese novels, such as Jin Ping Mei. Most original material produced in Manchu were histories and documentary texts relating to military and foreign affairs on the northern frontiers which were handled by the Lifan Yuan, such as campaigns against the Dzungars. Many Chinese medical texts were translated into Manchu under the Qianlong Emperor.

official language

Bosnia

bosnian

['occitan', 'ellada', 'slovene', 'aramaic', 'esperantists', 'akkad', 'norwegian', 'hispanic', 'byzantine greek', 'greek', 'slovenija', 'shona', 'abkhaz', 'kachin state', 'guarani', 'khasi', 'armenia', 'chewa', 'greek people', 'punjabi', 'pilipino', 'traditional chinese', 'ancient greek', 'kabardian', 'luxemburgish', 'french', 'isixhosa', 'kirundi', 'greek peninsula', 'mandarin chinese', 'elamite', 'scottish', 'moksha', 'north korean', 'malayalam music', 'creole', 'british english', 'francophonie', 'georgian', 'kurdish', 'spanish', 'old church slavonic', 'chukchi', 'malay', 'inuktitut', 'hebraic', 'chhattisgarhi', 'seselwa', 'portuguese', 'ottoman turkish', 'lezgian', 'tetum', 'faroese', 'swazi', 'mari', 'laotian', 'carolinian', 'tatar', 'crimean tatar', 'mongolian', 'circassian', 'moldavian', 'chinese', 'slovak', 'veneto', 'bahasa indonesia', 'telegu', 'tetun', 'nepali', 'simplified chinese', 'chuvashia', 'manx gaelic', 'dari persian', 'farsi', 'cymraeg', 'castellano', 'tuvaluan', 'slovenian', 'moldovan', 'russian', 'chichewa', 'chamoru', 'kven', 'sal', 'dhivehi', 'slavonic', 'irish', 'old east slavic', 'danish', 'chechen', 'karelia', 'azerbaijani', 'germanic', 'chamorro', 'estonian', 'amharic', 'cantonese', 'hispano', 'lao']

Bosnia and Herzegovina–Kosovo relations

Bosnia and Herzegovina relations with Kosovo are unofficial because of lack of unanimity in the central government to recognize Kosovo's independence, essentially through the veto of Bosnian Serb-dominated Republika Srpska. On 21 February 2008, Republika Srpska, one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, adopted a resolution through which it denounced and refused to recognise the unilateral declaration of independence of Kosovo from Serbia. In addition, the R.S. parliament adopted a resolution stating that in the event that a majority of EU and UN states recognise Kosovo's independence, Republika Srpska would cite the Kosovo secession as a precedent and move to hold a referendum on its own constitutional status within Bosnia and Herzegovina. Finally, the resolution called upon all Republika Srpska officials to do everything in order to prevent Bosnia and Herzegovina from recognising Kosovo's declared independence. On 27 August 2008, former Bosnian ambassador in Turkey Hajrudin Somun wrote an editorial discussing Kosovan passports, where he summarised to-date the Bosnian position on Kosovo: "As in many other matters, Bosnia and Herzegovina is deeply divided over Kosovo's independence. The parliament of the 'Republika Srpska' entity, which covers 49 percent of the country's territory, adopted a special resolution denouncing Kosovo's independence and wide demonstrations have been organized there in protest. Keeping in mind that Serb leaders of that entity have threatened to secede from Bosnia and Herzegovina and join Serbia as compensation for losing Kosovo, Bosnian collective presidency Chairman Haris Silajdžić said simply that his country is 'unlikely to recognize Kosovo's independence any time soon due to strong objections from its own Serb community. The Foreign Minister Sven Alkalaj informed the public on 2 August 2008 that by law Bosnia and Herzegovina cannot accept Kosovan passports, until the Bosnian presidency makes such a determination. On 26 September 2008 while attending General Assembly of the United Nations in New York, Bosnian Presidency Chairman Haris Silajdžić said in a Voice of America interview broadcast back to Bosnia in Bosnian language that he supports Kosovo's independence and is opposed to Serbia's request that the International Court of Justice issue an opinion on the legitimacy of Kosovo's independence. Silajdžić spoke in his own name because the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina did not unanimously adopt a platform which would allow him to speak officially. In August 2009 the Forum of Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims) of Kosovo requested that Bosnia recognise Kosovo and the travel documents of its citizens. In response, Presidency ethnic Serb member Nebojša Radmanović stated that the Presidency would not discuss the issue in the foreseeable future, and that those making such demands must consider "what kind of state Bosnia-Herzegovina is, what tendencies are present, and what could be the consequences of such a move". He said, "Sometimes, thinking with the heart is not good for the bigger political goals".

official language

County Cork

Irish

['tatar', 'javanese', 'chichewa', 'japanese', 'maltese archipelago', 'inuinnaqtun', 'leonese', 'papiamento', 'bosniak', 'oriya', 'cantonese', 'putonghua', 'kannada', 'polish', 'punjabi', 'kumyk', 'croatian', 'skolt sami', 'komi', 'icelandic', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'karelia', 'slovenia', 'grecia', 'divehi', 'mongol', 'romanian', 'dari', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'kalmyk', 'nepali', 'zulu', 'armenian', 'old russian', 'esperanto', 'swazi', 'tamil', 'etruscan', 'galician', 'greek peninsula', 'valencian', 'inari sami', 'chuvashia', 'kurdish', 'vietnamese', 'egyptian', 'kalaallisut', 'basque', 'kongo', 'khmer', 'erzya', 'setswana', 'tsonga', 'ossetian', 'ukrainian', 'germanophone', 'old french', 'rwanda', 'kichwa', 'swedish', 'chuvash', 'moksha', 'bahasa melayu', 'ossetic', 'venda', 'armenia', 'simplified chinese', 'lowland scots', 'moldovan', 'malayalam music', 'old ruthenian', 'moldavian', 'finland', 'castellano', 'greek islands', 'veneto', 'berber s', 'pitkern', 'hebrew', 'sinhalese', 'church slavonic', 'scottish', 'amharic', 'old persian', 'greenlandic', 'tuvaluan', 'slovakian', 'mari', 'italian', 'dari persian', 'tigrinya', 'hellenic', 'venetian', 'chuvash republic', 'luxembourgish', 'slovenian', 'meadow mari', 'albania', 'sesotho']

St John Brodrick (1627–1711)

Sir St John Brodrick, of Midleton (3 December 1627 – January 1711) was an Irish Member of Parliament. He represented County Cork in the Irish House of Commons from 1692 to 1693 and from 1695 to 1699. He was the son of Sir Thomas Brodrick, of Wandsworth, by his wife Katherine, daughter of Robert Nicholas, of Manningford Bruce. Through her mother Katherine was granddaughter of Nicholas St John, of Lydiard Tregoze, and first cousin of Sir John St John, 1st Baronet. By his wife Alice Clayton he was father of (among others) Thomas Brodrick and Alan Brodrick, 1st Viscount Midleton.

official language

Adygeya

Russian

['niue', 'dutch', 'khakas', 'skolt sami', 'chinese', 'bahasa indonesia', 'malayalam music', 'moldova', 'koine greek', 'maltese', 'north korean', 'slovakian', 'samoan', 'egyptian', 'old persian', 'sami s', 'siswati', 'mari', 'romanian', 'nenets', 'malta', 'korean', 'luxemburgish', 'etruscan', 'parsi', 'bahasa melayu', 'estonian', 'nuristani', 'italy', 'javanese', 'catalan', 'tajiki', 'luxembourgeois', 'lydian', 'malay', 'pomo', 'serbian latin', 'marathi', 'dari persian', 'kalaallisut', 'tigrinya', 'montenegrin cyrillic', 'byzantine greek', 'ancient greek', 'tetun', 'ottoman turkish', 'bosnian', 'romani', 'ottoman', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'tuvaluan', 'kirundi', 'inuinnaqtun', 'laotian', 'castellano', 'chuvashia', 'old italian', 'carolinian', 'valencian', 'ossetian', 'abkhazian', 'cymraeg', 'balinese', 'slavonic', 'avar', 'stress', 'azeri turkish', 'moksha', 'pilipino', 'scottish', 'sotho', 'belorussian', 'catalonian', 'haitian creole', 'greek cypriot', 'setswana', 'meadow mari', 'kabardian', 'luxembourgish', 'punjabi', 'slovene', 'assyrian', 'ukraine', 'vietnamese', 'armenian', 'kashubian', 'kachin state', 'acehnese', 'chuvash republic', 'persian', 'pomoan', 'venda', 'kven', 'hindustani', 'cyprus', 'dzongkha', 'cantonese', 'comorian', 'lao']

Adygea

The Republic of Adygea (/ɑːdᵻˈɡeɪ.ə/; Russian: Респу́блика Адыге́я, Respublika Adygeya; [ɐdɨˈɡʲejə]; Adyghe: Адыгэ Республик, Adıge Respublik), also known as the Adyghe Republic, is a federal subject of Russia (a republic), with its territory enclaved within Krasnodar Krai. Its area is 7,600 square kilometers (2,900 sq mi) with a population of 439,996 (2010 Census). Maykop is its capital city.

official language

Georgian Orthodox

Georgian

['venetian', 'classical greek', 'tswana', 'hungarian', 'czech', 'greek islands', 'urdu', 'lao', 'lithuanian', 'tetun', 'xhosa', 'maltese islands', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'gaelic', 'scottish', 'european union', 'akkad', 'church slavonic', 'amazigh', 'castellano', 'carolinian', 'catalonian', 'lowland scots', 'sami s', 'vietnamese', 'tuvaluan', 'galician', 'siswati', 'belarusian', 'laotian', 'avar', 'spanish', 'oriya', 'danish', 'farsi', 'croat', 'haitian creole', 'cypriot', 'italians', 'castilian spanish', 'occitan', 'rwanda', 'kashubian', 'polish', 'kichwa', 'sesotho', 'greenlandic', 'irish gaelic', 'indonesian', 'kaz', 'abkhaz', 'hispano', 'mam', 'aramaic', 'kachin state', 'armenian', 'old east slavic', 'guoyu', 'esperanto', 'mandarin', 'dzongkha', 'ryukyuan', 'chhattisgarhi', 'kirghiz', 'rutul', 'malaysian', 'divehi', 'ger', 'kalmyk', 'manx gaelic', 'tongan', 'sotho', 'nenets', 'sami', 'slovenia', 'luxemburgish', 'thai', 'malayalam', 'ancient egyptian', 'uzbek', 'european communities', 'tigrinya', 'slavonic', 'european spanish', 'abkhazian', 'bashkir', 'turkmen', 'bengali', 'slovene', 'leonese', 'azerbaijani', 'javanese', 'finnish', 'cymraeg', 'high german', 'old bulgarian', 'chewa', 'tok pisin', 'swazi']

Bedia Cathedral

Bedia Cathedral (Georgian: ბედიის მონასტერი) is a medieval Georgian Orthodox cathedral located in Bedia, in the Tkvarcheli district of Abkhazia (or Ochamchire Municipality according to the Georgia's subdivision), a disputed region on the Black Sea coast. Bedia Cathedral was originally built at the close of the 10th century and consecrated in 999 on the behest of King Bagrat II of Abkhazians, who would go on to become King of the Georgians as Bagrat III and who was interred at the church after his death. The extant edifices, however, date back to the 13th-14th centuries and include a domed cruciform church, a belltower resting upon the northern narthex and the ruins of an old palace. The southern wall of the main church contains fragments of contemporary murals, including the portraits of Bagrat II and the representatives of the Dadiani noble family of Georgia. In the Catholicate of Abkhazia, Bedia was the centre of a diocese and the seat of a Bishop. In the 17th century, services were ceased, but resumed from the second half of the 19th century onwards.

official language

Dagestan

Rutul

['dari', 'gaeilge', 'turkish', 'kashubian', 'cantonese', 'macedonian slavic', 'common market', 'scottish', 'welsh', 'old welsh', 'ellada', 'middle persian', 'old church slavonic', 'aceh', 'malaysian', 'old italian', 'greek islands', 'siswati', 'afghanistan', 'marathi', 'macedonian', 'ryukyuan', 'bable', 'nauruan', 'etruscan', 'zulu', 'ger', 'irish gaelic', 'bosnian', 'russified', 'slovakian', 'sango', 'serbian', 'carolinian', 'european portuguese', 'faroese', 'uzbekistan', 'thai', 'dari persian', 'venetian', 'chuvashia', 'guarani', 'cymraeg', 'mongolian', 'esperantists', 'old ruthenian', 'fijian', 'latvian', 'finnish', 'germanic', 'nynorsk', 'comorian', 'japanese', 'sami', 'greenlandic', 'swahili', 'afrikaans', 'high german', 'chinese', 'khasi', 'malayalam', 'classical greek', 'dzongkha', 'kongo', 'abkhaz', 'magyar', 'national', 'uzbek', 'norman', 'papiamentu', 'lao', 'tibetan', 'georgian', 'acehnese', 'mandarin', 'moldovan', 'armenian', 'greek', 'byzantine greek', 'italy', 'isixhosa', 'chuvash republic', 'slovene', 'korean', 'ancient greek', 'khmer', 'european union', 'sesotho', 'estonian', 'kazakh', 'valencian', 'akkad', 'hellenic', 'samoan', 'swedish', 'catalonian', 'karelia', 'mandarin chinese', 'ingush']

Rutul people

Rutuls, Rutulians (Mykhabyr in Rutul, рутульцы in Russian) are an ethnic group in Dagestan (Russia) and some parts of Azerbaijan. According to the 2010 Russian Census, there were 35,240 Rutuls in Russia. In 1989 Soviet Census in Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan SSR then) there were 336 Rutuls. The Rutul language is a member of the Northeast Caucasian language family; its speakers often have a good command of Azeri and Russian, as Rutul was not a written language until 1990. The Rutul culture is close to that of the Tsakhur and other peoples who inhabit the basin of the upper reaches of the Samur River. Most of the Rutuls are engaged in cattle breeding (mostly sheep husbandry), farming, and gardening.

official language

Snezhinsk

Russian

['papiamentu', 'azeri turkish', 'uzbekistan', 'javanese', 'shona', 'ossetian', 'cymraeg', 'british english', 'serbian latin', 'telugu', 'chichewa', 'korean', 'dari', 'turkmen', 'dzongkha', 'punic', 'latin', 'kinyarwanda', 'swedish', 'sango', 'marshallese', 'ryukyuan', 'tuvan', 'nenets', 'aymara', 'creole', 'kichwa', 'akkad', 'pomo', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'macedonian cyrillic', 'buryat', 'dhivehi', 'carolinian', 'zulu', 'latvian', 'luxembourgeois', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'kven', 'tajik', 'divehi', 'high german', 'ottoman turkish', 'egyptian', 'old welsh', 'northern sami', 'bosnian', 'danish', 'national', 'lezgian', 'balinese', 'european spanish', 'medieval greek', 'hindustani', 'hungarian', 'laotian', 'kannada', 'finland', 'koine greek', 'manx gaelic', 'malayalam', 'nauruan', 'inari sami', 'sinhalese', 'lydian', 'asturian', 'pomoan s', 'maltese', 'xhosa', 'greenlandic', 'swazi', 'classical greek', 'faroese', 'latin american spanish', 'serbian cyrillic', 'telegu', 'ukrainian', 'germanic', 'english grammar', 'putonghua', 'chuvashia', 'thai', 'dutch', 'dargwa', 'sesotho', 'malay', 'mam', 'great russian', 'sinhala', 'bashkortostan', 'spanish', 'cantonese', 'oriya', 'old bulgarian', 'chinese', 'hellenic', 'bosniak', 'malaysian', 'chamoru']

Yevgeny Zababakhin

Yevgeny Ivanovich Zababakhin Russian: Евгений Иванович Забабахин, January 16, 1917, Moscow, USSR — December 27, 1984) was a Soviet physicist, one of the chief designers of nuclear weapons in USSR, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Eng. Lt. Gen. of Soviet Air Force. Lenin and Stalin Prizes (1949, 1951 and 1953, Hero of Socialist Labor (1953). Worked at KB-11 (currently VNIIEF, Sarov, Nizhniy Novgorod Oblast). Later worked as director of NII-1011 (currently, VNIITF, Chelyabinsk-70/Snezhinsk). His name was awarded to RFYaTs-VNIITF (Russian: РФЯЦ-ВНИИТФ) and to a street in Snezhinsk. In 1962 a group of scientists led by Zababakhin produced first detonation nanodiamonds in VNIITF.

official language

Camorino

Italian

['laotian', 'chewa', 'hispanic', 'quechua', 'divehi', 'cyprus', 'amharic', 'carolinian', 'venda', 'lydian', 'chukchi', 'akkadian', 'kalmyk', 'tongan', 'european union', 'kazakh', 'kiswahili', 'old catalan', 'indonesian', 'written chinese', 'buryat', 'dari', 'welsh', 'ossetic', 'tajiki', 'old persian', 'egyptian', 'hungarian', 'erzya', 'koine greek', 'chuvash republic', 'serbian', 'crimean tatar', 'mari', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'skolt sami', 'simplified chinese', 'telugu', 'belarusian', 'thai', 'catalonian', 'fijian', 'japanese', 'romani', 'chhattisgarhi', 'finland', 'swazi', 'mongol', 'european spanish', 'manchu', 'ottoman turkish', 'abaza', 'mandarin', 'bosnian', 'sal', 'armenia', 'chinese', 'slavonic', 'gaeilge', 'hangul', 'lithuanian', 'esperanto', 'samoan', 'ancient egyptian', 'kachin state', 'old east slavic', 'lao', 'church slavonic', 'akkad', 'xhosa', 'icelandic', 'aceh', 'afghanistan', 'pilipino', 'kashubian', 'chamorro', 'croat', 'pomoan', 'nynorsk', 'aramaic', 'greek cypriot', 'malayalam', 'russified', 'sotho', 'mandarin chinese', 'chamoru', 'medieval greek', 'maldivian', 'isixhosa', 'estonian', 'latin american spanish', 'chuvash', 'nuristani', 'slovak', 'maltese', 'nenets', 'faroese', 'italy', 'tetum']

Ceneri Base Tunnel

The Ceneri Base Tunnel (CBT) is a railway tunnel under construction in Switzerland's Canton Ticino. It will pass under Monte Ceneri between Camorino in the Magadino Flat and Vezia near Lugano, and will bypass the current high-level rail route through the Monte Ceneri Tunnel. It has a total length of 39.8 km (24.7 miles). It is another part of the Swiss AlpTransit initiative NRLA. The final breakthroughs took place on 21 January 2016 (west tube) and 26 January 2016 (east tube) and the tunnel is expected to open in December 2020. On completion, the CBT will be an important feeder in the south for the Gotthard Base Tunnel as the existing, proportionally steep track over Monte Ceneri isn't suitable for high-speed rail or heavy freight trains. Another feeder is the Luino link along Lake Maggiore which is about to be upgraded by Italy in prospect of the opening of the Gotthard Base Tunnel. Both links meet in the Magadino Flat in the future Camorino Node (Italian: Nodo di Camorino). The CBT and Gotthard Base Tunnels are being built under contract from the Swiss Federal Government by Alptransit Gotthard AG. Construction of the two single-track bores with a planned length of 15.4 km (9.6 mi) started in March 2006. The official start was celebrated on 2 June 2006 with the laying of a foundation stone. An exploration tunnel near Sigirino was excavated between 1999 and 2003 to gain geological data on the rock formations at the CBT's level. From the data gathered, it was decided that only a small part can be drilled using a tunnel boring machine; the rest will be excavated with traditional blasting methods. The CBT will ease local train traffic, mainly between the two major cities Locarno and Lugano but also between Bellinzona and Lugano. Travel time on the S-Bahn from Locarno to Lugano should drop from 50 to 22 minutes.

official language

Basel

Germanic

['gaeilge', 'moldovan', 'common market', 'mam', 'bahasa melayu', 'tamil', 'kven', 'nynorsk', 'chewa', 'crimean tatar', 'korean', 'esperanto', 'tigrinya', 'divehi', 'slovenija', 'kannada', 'estonian', 'serbian latin', 'koine greek', 'malayalam', 'parsi', 'italians', 'belarusian', 'fijian', 'sinhalese', 'quechua', 'francophonie', 'welsh', 'farsi', 'old russian', 'kashubian', 'laotian', 'luxembourgish', 'french creole', 'valencian', 'indonesian', 'tamazight', 'esperantists', 'comorian', 'luxembourgeois', 'chuvash republic', 'german', 'niue', 'chukchi', 'high german', 'oriya', 'shona', 'slovenia', 'lezgian', 'marathi', 'brazilian portuguese', 'turkish', 'european union', 'old english', 'persian', 'slovakian', 'macedonian slavic', 'azeri', 'dutch', 'serbian cyrillic', 'dhivehi', 'kinyarwanda', 'bulgarian', 'latin american spanish', 'latvian', 'kirghiz', 'inuktitut', 'tsonga', 'hindustani', 'cymraeg', 'russified', 'veneto', 'leonese', 'castilian', 'greek', 'albania', 'galician', 'bislama', 'finland', 'old persian', 'cantonese', 'berber s', 'old welsh', 'malay', 'portuguese', 'chinese', 'ancient egyptian', 'germanophone', 'khasi', 'dzongkha', 'icelandic', 'traditional chinese', 'chuvashia', 'armenia', 'magyar', 'medieval greek', 'greek people', 'uzbek', 'serbian']

Andreas Heusler

Andreas Heusler (10 August 1865 in Basel – 28 February 1940 in Basel) was a Swiss medievalist, specialising in Germanic and Norse studies.

official language

Roman empire

Greek

['cypriot', 'aceh', 'ossetian', 'albania', 'udmurt', 'kalmyk', 'marshallese', 'english', 'crimean tatar', 'hungarian', 'leonese', 'shona', 'buryat', 'ottoman', 'turkish', 'old ruthenian', 'greek islands', 'germanic', 'old italian', 'esperantists', 'old french', 'lithuanian', 'quechua', 'putonghua', 'kirundi', 'javanese', 'ryukyuan', 'avar', 'papiamento', 'belarusian', 'skolt sami', 'hellenic', 'catalonian', 'slovene', 'tuvaluan', 'scottish', 'french', 'ger', 'setswana', 'papiamentu', 'old english', 'etruscan', 'abkhazian', 'germanophone', 'polish', 'chamorro', 'kirghiz', 'european spanish', 'pomo', 'flemish dutch', 'fijian', 'abkhaz', 'parsi', 'old east slavic', 'balinese', 'erzya', 'venetian', 'cyprus', 'greek people', 'romansh', 'afrikaans', 'sango', 'rutul', 'finland', 'irish', 'guoyu', 'vietnamese', 'slovakian', 'written chinese', 'acehnese', 'kinyarwanda', 'spanish', 'sicilian', 'inari', 'maltese', 'old russian', 'occitan', 'kashubian', 'aramaic', 'indonesian', 'kalaallisut', 'luxembourgeois', 'aranese', 'nuristani', 'serbian', 'turkic', 'cantonese', 'somali', 'chichewa', 'tok pisin', 'ingush', 'macedonian', 'ottoman turkish', 'manchu', 'azeri', 'afghanistan', 'comorian', 'maltese islands', 'castilian spanish']

Temple of Maharraqa

Al-Maharraqa (Arab: المحرقة, DMG: Al-Maḥarraqa, Greek: Hierasykaminos) is a place in Lower Nubia, which was approximately 120 km (75 mi) south of Aswan on the southern border of the Roman empire. Only a few years after the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC, the Kushites from the kingdom of Meroë launched a raid on the First cataract region of Egypt in 23 BC. The Roman prefect of Egypt, Petronius, retaliated and defeated the invading Meroitic army. He then proceeded to station a Roman garrison of 400 troops at the southern outpost of Qasr Ibrim. After some negotiations, a permanent frontier between Meroë and Roman Egypt was established at Maharraqa. Thus, Maharraqa formed the extreme southern frontier of Roman Egypt.

official language

Scotland

english

['khmer', 'capeverdean crioulo', 'udmurt', 'tajik', 'chuvash', 'ancient egyptian', 'latvian', 'venetian', 'hispanic', 'palauan', 'tok pisin', 'dutch', 'marathi', 'sango', 'tuvaluan', 'uzbek', 'faroese', 'egyptian', 'tigrinya', 'catalan', 'english grammar', 'chuvashia', 'estonian', 'filipino', 'greek islands', 'amharic', 'montenegrin', 'divehi', 'greenlandic', 'tswana', 'italians', 'germanic', 'irish', 'tetum', 'russian', 'georgian', 'guoyu', 'tetun', 'punjabi', 'tibetan', 'bulgarian cyrillic', 'swedish', 'kiswahili', 'kongo', 'malayalam music', 'malta', 'north korean', 'croatian', 'creole', 'castellano', 'italian', 'old welsh', 'welsh', 'bahasa malaysia', 'abaza', 'kirundi', 'javanese', 'khakas', 'dari', 'crimean tatar', 'hungarian', 'cantonese', 'meadow mari', 'khasi', 'fijian', 'aranese', 'old french', 'punic', 'spanish', 'anglo', 'kaz', 'pomoan', 'portuguese', 'turkic', 'carolinian', 'finnish', 'berber', 'elamite', 'zulu', 'greek cypriot', 'sinhalese', 'byzantine greek', 'chamorro', 'bosniak', 'kannada', 'oriya', 'kurdish', 'ellada', 'haitian creole', 'dari persian', 'old english', 'serbian latin', 'european portuguese', 'bahasa melayu', 'hindustani', 'manchu', 'niue', 'ryukyuan', 'ottoman']

Jury

A jury is a sworn body of people convened to render an impartial verdict (a finding of fact on a question) officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a penalty or judgment. Modern juries tend to be found in courts to ascertain the guilt, or lack thereof, in a crime. In Anglophone jurisdictions, the verdict may be guilty or not guilty (not proven; a verdict of acquittal, based on the state's failure to prove guilt rather than any proof of innocence, is also available in Scotland). The old institution of grand juries still exists in some places, particularly the United States, to investigate whether enough evidence of a crime exists to bring someone to trial. The jury system started back to 5th-century BCE Ancient Greece, where members of the boule, or council (and other institutions, such as judicial courts), were selected from the male citizenry by lot. This process had two distinct advantages: Firstly, all citizens were considered for socio-political purposes to be fundamentally equal, and, secondly, the process prevents corruption. The boule (and hence the jury) were at the core of the original Athenian democracy. The modern criminal court jury arrangement has evolved out of the medieval juries in England. Members were supposed to inform themselves of crimes and then of the details of the crimes. Their function was therefore closer to that of a grand jury than that of a jury in a trial.