davidshapiro_youtube_transcripts
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How close are we to building a real Westworld A look at the hardware software and social impact_transcript.csv
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morning everybody David Shapiro here,0.9,5.7 | |
with a video so today we're going to,3.179,6.721 | |
talk about Westworld and AI excuse me,6.6,5.999 | |
there are a couple of aspects of,9.9,4.92 | |
Westworld that are really compelling,12.599,4.381 | |
so one there's the hardware and software,14.82,5.4 | |
but two there's the uh our Hardware,16.98,5.34 | |
software number three is the,20.22,4.02 | |
implications for Humanity which the,22.32,4.5 | |
themes are explored throughout the show,24.24,5.279 | |
so for those who are not familiar with,26.82,4.199 | |
Westworld,29.519,4.261 | |
um it's a HBO show where the premise is,31.019,5.461 | |
basically a theme park where all of the,33.78,4.939 | |
all of the hosts all of the characters,36.48,5.46 | |
are robots so they're essentially NPCs,38.719,5.081 | |
non-playable characters,41.94,3.66 | |
um so but it's a real life video game,43.8,4.38 | |
where you get to go on adventures and,45.6,5.1 | |
many of the characters have stories and,48.18,4.08 | |
quests that they'll give you and they'll,50.7,4.74 | |
take you on you know raids and violence,52.26,6.0 | |
and sex and all sorts of fun exciting,55.44,3.72 | |
stuff,58.26,4.74 | |
and throughout the show they explore,59.16,5.88 | |
um you know what does it mean to be,63.0,4.619 | |
alive to be human uh what does it mean,65.04,4.86 | |
about us that we like violence and and,67.619,4.081 | |
sex on demand and that we do these,69.9,4.5 | |
things uh and then it's all couched in a,71.7,5.58 | |
pretty exciting sexy Adventure,74.4,4.44 | |
um okay so before we jump into the show,77.28,3.42 | |
just a real quick plug,78.84,4.919 | |
um my patreon I made a couple of changes,80.7,5.64 | |
where uh pretty much all tiers well no,83.759,4.261 | |
not pretty much all tiers get you access,86.34,3.54 | |
to the private Discord it's already got,88.02,4.26 | |
200 members as of uh the recording of,89.88,5.52 | |
this video and uh it's a really thriving,92.28,5.94 | |
Community lots of really sharp folks,95.4,5.1 | |
um and yeah so Jump On In,98.22,3.96 | |
um some of my higher most of my higher,100.5,3.9 | |
tiers are sold out right now,102.18,3.72 | |
um so I unfortunately don't have any,104.4,4.38 | |
extra time for uh one-on-one sessions,105.9,5.28 | |
however that will probably change later,108.78,4.619 | |
in May so just keep checking and we'll,111.18,3.979 | |
uh I'll get I'll get to you eventually,113.399,5.4 | |
okay so first let's just talk about the,115.159,6.161 | |
hardware of Westworld,118.799,6.121 | |
so in Westworld this is an example of,121.32,5.399 | |
one of the hosts,124.92,4.559 | |
um and so you see she's in a mostly,126.719,4.26 | |
disassembled State actually doesn't even,129.479,3.9 | |
have most of the internals but I thought,130.979,4.081 | |
this was a good a good place to start,133.379,5.161 | |
because the the uh the frame looks like,135.06,5.399 | |
it's carbon fiber which I actually,138.54,3.779 | |
thought would probably be a good,140.459,4.92 | |
material to build a host chassis out of,142.319,4.981 | |
because if you build it out of metal,145.379,4.801 | |
it's going to be too heavy,147.3,4.98 | |
um this is something that's explored in,150.18,4.74 | |
uh movies and shows like Ghost in the,152.28,5.58 | |
Shell uh Terminator where they have a,154.92,5.28 | |
metal chassis even a wolverine,157.86,4.68 | |
he has a metal skeleton and so they're,160.2,3.48 | |
too heavy,162.54,2.699 | |
um but especially if you want something,163.68,3.24 | |
that's going to move like a normal,165.239,3.601 | |
person and then something that's going,166.92,3.84 | |
to feel like a normal person for uh,168.84,4.02 | |
let's say closer encounters,170.76,3.24 | |
um you're gonna want something nice and,172.86,3.42 | |
light and carbon fiber is is pretty,174.0,4.379 | |
light and it's more than strong enough,176.28,5.7 | |
to approximate human bones uh this looks,178.379,5.22 | |
like it's 3D printed,181.98,3.66 | |
there's lots of there's lots of ways to,183.599,3.901 | |
produce something like this and in fact,185.64,4.679 | |
there are you can see even the the hands,187.5,5.879 | |
the linkages the tendons this is I will,190.319,5.64 | |
say this is somewhat realistic,193.379,4.22 | |
um excuse me,195.959,4.14 | |
but let's take a look at some other,197.599,3.941 | |
stuff and I apologize for the low,200.099,3.901 | |
quality I tried to find a higher quality,201.54,5.339 | |
video but this actually came from the,204.0,5.519 | |
Tesla demo day the investor day recently,206.879,5.821 | |
for their Optimus robot and so the,209.519,5.64 | |
Optimus robot here what they did in the,212.7,4.319 | |
in the demo day and you can find the,215.159,3.841 | |
video but they had it approach a table,217.019,5.041 | |
pick up an arm pick up the arm and then,219.0,6.12 | |
carry it across the room uh all entirely,222.06,6.0 | |
autonomously and in this case that is,225.12,4.14 | |
that's actually pretty good because,228.06,2.58 | |
there's a lot of things that you have to,229.26,4.38 | |
do with that one using hands fine motor,230.64,6.84 | |
control is very difficult but then task,233.64,6.84 | |
planning and path uh path optimization,237.48,5.22 | |
that sort of stuff interacting with a,240.48,4.14 | |
dynamic environment all of these are,242.7,3.599 | |
really difficult things,244.62,4.44 | |
to do even just for like wheeled robots,246.299,5.101 | |
but then you add bipedal uh movement,249.06,4.8 | |
that's even more difficult uh then,251.4,3.899 | |
you've got different things like a,253.86,3.36 | |
dynamic center of gravity to contend,255.299,3.84 | |
with and so they are well on their way,257.22,4.859 | |
uh you know it took Boston Dynamics many,259.139,4.741 | |
many years more than a decade to get to,262.079,4.201 | |
where they are right now but Tesla in,263.88,5.46 | |
the space of a year or two has uh,266.28,4.859 | |
I won't say fully caught up because the,269.34,4.2 | |
Boston Dynamics robots are very athletic,271.139,5.28 | |
and very graceful the Tesla bot is,273.54,7.14 | |
anything but graceful but it is the you,276.419,5.701 | |
know it's approaching the right form,280.68,3.48 | |
factor and then if you just assume that,282.12,3.54 | |
this technology is going to get continue,284.16,3.9 | |
to get better over time One battery,285.66,3.72 | |
breakthroughs,288.06,3.12 | |
so battery life is one of the biggest,289.38,5.4 | |
constraints uh in fact the military you,291.18,5.88 | |
know DARPA funded all kinds of robots,294.78,4.5 | |
which I unfortunately forgot to include,297.06,4.919 | |
but so DARPA robots,299.28,4.5 | |
um like the big dog which was a like,301.979,4.261 | |
basically a pack animal,303.78,4.26 | |
um required entirely too much power so,306.24,5.28 | |
it had to have a a gas motor on it and,308.04,5.7 | |
it was too loud uh because you know,311.52,4.02 | |
Special Forces can move silently through,313.74,3.3 | |
the woods but if you've got something,315.54,3.9 | |
with a 25 horsepower motor chugging,317.04,4.14 | |
along behind you you're not going to be,319.44,6.36 | |
stealthy uh and so you know I I many,321.18,6.18 | |
years ago I experimented with some of,325.8,2.82 | |
the stuff myself and one of the things,327.36,2.7 | |
that was recommended was pneumatics,328.62,3.66 | |
actually because you can store a,330.06,4.26 | |
tremendous amount of energy in a like,332.28,4.02 | |
scuba tank,334.32,4.14 | |
um and then you use some of that uh,336.3,3.48 | |
periodically and then you charge it up,338.46,3.36 | |
and it's also silent,339.78,4.919 | |
um so that brings me to Disney so Disney,341.82,6.719 | |
uh has been the world leader in uh,344.699,7.141 | |
animatronics for a long long time and if,348.539,5.281 | |
you haven't seen this this demo uh,351.84,3.72 | |
definitely look it up,353.82,3.36 | |
um but just like search Disney skating,355.56,2.76 | |
bunny,357.18,2.76 | |
um and this little robot it stands about,358.32,3.659 | |
two and a half three feet tall climbs,359.94,3.479 | |
out of a box tumbles out of the box,361.979,4.101 | |
looks around gets up and roller skates,363.419,5.161 | |
uh so that will show you kind of where,366.08,5.559 | |
we're at in terms of animatronics and,368.58,5.399 | |
you see this this body this this set of,371.639,4.221 | |
uh,373.979,4.741 | |
actuators very very simple,375.86,5.92 | |
so MIT actually has a class called under,378.72,5.88 | |
actuated robots so if you're interested,381.78,4.44 | |
at all in robotics I definitely,384.6,3.599 | |
recommend you check it out,386.22,3.84 | |
um I I only took like the first class I,388.199,4.141 | |
was like oh okay I get it as someone who,390.06,3.84 | |
has experimented with like Legos and,392.34,3.96 | |
stuff my entire life I get it,393.9,4.739 | |
um and I wasn't I wasn't there to like,396.3,4.5 | |
get a master's degree in robotics I was,398.639,4.141 | |
just curious about it but under actuated,400.8,4.14 | |
robots which is basically the idea is,402.78,4.5 | |
that you allow the kinetic intelligence,404.94,4.319 | |
of the design to do a lot of the work,407.28,3.66 | |
for you I'm not saying that that's what,409.259,4.801 | |
this one does but it you can get by with,410.94,6.12 | |
very very little in robots in fact um I,414.06,4.919 | |
think it was in the first few minutes of,417.06,3.78 | |
that course of that class under actuated,418.979,5.16 | |
robots they actually show you a uh it's,420.84,6.299 | |
like just the the hips and legs of a,424.139,5.28 | |
chassis that's walking on a treadmill,427.139,4.62 | |
with no Motors or anything just the,429.419,4.62 | |
intrinsic design of it allows it to like,431.759,4.38 | |
swing its leg forward and and it can,434.039,4.38 | |
continue walking indefinitely just,436.139,4.62 | |
through mechanical design and so that's,438.419,4.141 | |
the kind of stuff and of course Disney,440.759,4.081 | |
hires some of the best animatronics and,442.56,4.02 | |
robotics engineers in the world so those,444.84,3.18 | |
are the kind of people working on this,446.58,2.7 | |
stuff,448.02,4.5 | |
uh this was another project from uh from,449.28,5.759 | |
Disney called compliant robotics so this,452.52,5.88 | |
is why I mentioned pneumatics is uh this,455.039,6.301 | |
series you see they've got Kongs on the,458.4,5.82 | |
arms to act as hands but these arms are,461.34,4.68 | |
actually pneumatically driven and,464.22,3.24 | |
they're what's called compliant which,466.02,3.6 | |
means when you think of a robot you,467.46,3.239 | |
think of something that moves very,469.62,2.579 | |
rigidly and it will like kind of fight,470.699,3.78 | |
you but compliance means that if you,472.199,4.861 | |
push it'll push back and so uh or it'll,474.479,4.921 | |
it'll it'll kind of be squishy and so if,477.06,3.9 | |
you look up this video for Disney it's,479.4,4.019 | |
about three years old now I think,480.96,4.2 | |
um but they're compliant robotics one,483.419,4.68 | |
they move silently two they move as,485.16,4.8 | |
quick as you do and three they're,488.099,4.38 | |
compliant so when you when you combine,489.96,4.859 | |
the animatronics the compliant robotics,492.479,6.301 | |
uh under actuated robotics uh Disney is,494.819,7.021 | |
absolutely one of the leaders uh of this,498.78,5.039 | |
so if any company is going to create,501.84,3.72 | |
anything like Westworld it's going to be,503.819,3.301 | |
Disney,505.56,4.079 | |
uh Boston Dynamics that I mentioned a,507.12,6.06 | |
minute ago so they are way ahead in,509.639,6.121 | |
terms of athleticism you know their,513.18,4.799 | |
robot can do standing back flips and,515.76,4.44 | |
barrel rolls and they can climb and like,517.979,4.021 | |
it's more athletic than most humans at,520.2,3.899 | |
this point uh which is actually pretty,522.0,4.38 | |
scary because then you you think about,524.099,4.68 | |
like you know in the movie iRobot where,526.38,4.98 | |
the Nestor class 5 is like a superhuman,528.779,4.921 | |
Droid and then if you have an army of,531.36,3.9 | |
them that turn on you that's actually,533.7,4.86 | |
not good right and I remember about a,535.26,5.699 | |
year ago when Elon Musk was talking,538.56,5.52 | |
about you know the the Tesla bot they,540.959,4.801 | |
said at first it's going to be about a,544.08,3.3 | |
third as strong I think if I'm,545.76,2.82 | |
remembering correctly he said it's going,547.38,2.76 | |
to be about a third of strong as strong,548.58,3.78 | |
as humans and that's actually can be a,550.14,4.92 | |
safety uh safety thing because if you,552.36,4.74 | |
can easily overpower it that's not a big,555.06,2.88 | |
deal,557.1,2.82 | |
but if you've got a 500 pound machine,557.94,4.74 | |
that is eight times stronger than you,559.92,4.56 | |
you're not going to overpower that and,562.68,3.3 | |
if it's also made out of metal it's,564.48,3.72 | |
going to be harder to shut it down uh,565.98,3.9 | |
now I'm not saying this to like cause,568.2,3.12 | |
any concern I'm just kind of pointing,569.88,3.84 | |
out some of the the energy like the the,571.32,4.8 | |
math right the physics of it,573.72,4.739 | |
um oh here I'll get to that one and so,576.12,4.62 | |
like you think okay if you're trying to,578.459,3.481 | |
optimize for something that is,580.74,3.06 | |
aesthetically pleasing and as lifelike,581.94,3.839 | |
as possible you're gonna have to make,583.8,4.8 | |
trade-offs in terms of uh Mass strength,585.779,4.261 | |
and that sort of stuff,588.6,3.78 | |
um so I would actually suspect that a,590.04,3.96 | |
Westworld style host is actually going,592.38,3.66 | |
to be a lot weaker physically weaker,594.0,4.8 | |
than a robot possibly could be and the,596.04,3.96 | |
reason is because you want it to be,598.8,5.039 | |
realistic okay and so then finally uh,600.0,5.82 | |
addressing the elephant in the room yes,603.839,3.541 | |
there are plenty of companies around the,605.82,3.18 | |
world that are making,607.38,5.1 | |
um let's say adult uh toy dolls for,609.0,6.72 | |
intimate purposes uh they have not yet,612.48,5.28 | |
crossed The Uncanny Valley so that is,615.72,4.02 | |
actually the whole point of this was to,617.76,3.54 | |
show that like we've got manual,619.74,3.9 | |
dexterity we've got athleticism we've,621.3,4.26 | |
got miniaturization we've got uh we've,623.64,3.96 | |
got animatronics the only thing that we,625.56,4.56 | |
don't have is real like life-like skin,627.6,4.38 | |
and faces,630.12,3.659 | |
um so that's all that's all the uh raw,631.98,3.66 | |
ingredients we can make robots fast we,633.779,3.721 | |
can make them strong athletic dexterous,635.64,3.9 | |
we've got fine motor control we've got,637.5,3.959 | |
the battery technology which is good,639.54,3.419 | |
enough right now but it's also,641.459,3.961 | |
continuing to improve so the only thing,642.959,3.721 | |
missing is that they're not right,645.42,3.0 | |
they're not yet aesthetically pleasing,646.68,4.26 | |
and so that's going to be true for a,648.42,4.56 | |
while and the reason that I say that,650.94,3.24 | |
it's going to be true for a while is,652.98,4.859 | |
because human skin and muscles are like,654.18,6.06 | |
really really really complex structures,657.839,4.68 | |
your skin again I think if I remember,660.24,5.039 | |
correctly it has seven layers and some,662.519,3.721 | |
of those layers have different,665.279,3.361 | |
consistencies different textures,666.24,4.98 | |
and then once you get past the skin it,668.64,4.22 | |
slides over the underlying tissue,671.22,4.92 | |
there's there's a fluid barriers that,672.86,5.2 | |
allow for for more like lubricated,676.14,3.54 | |
motion so like if you grab your arm and,678.06,3.6 | |
twist it the skin actually can glide,679.68,4.26 | |
over the underlying muscles,681.66,3.84 | |
um then you've got ligaments muscles so,683.94,4.079 | |
you've got all kinds of things to make,685.5,4.68 | |
um that you need to figure out from a,688.019,4.5 | |
materials perspective in order to make,690.18,5.399 | |
an Android body lifelike,692.519,5.82 | |
which is why I think in Westworld the,695.579,4.681 | |
tissue is like semi alive or something I,698.339,4.141 | |
don't remember exactly the details uh,700.26,4.139 | |
but like there's there's the the living,702.48,4.56 | |
tissue or the lifelike tissue over top,704.399,4.801 | |
the robotic skeleton,707.04,3.66 | |
um and I don't think that that's,709.2,3.9 | |
necessarily a good way to go uh because,710.7,5.04 | |
living tissue takes a lot of energy,713.1,4.5 | |
um and then you if you have living,715.74,3.24 | |
tissue then you have to deal with like,717.6,4.56 | |
immune systems and genetics and that,718.98,4.68 | |
gets real complicated and then you're,722.16,4.2 | |
basically building a borg anyways,723.66,5.28 | |
um okay so that's for the hardware the,726.36,4.56 | |
the takeaway for that though is that,728.94,5.339 | |
except for the skin and muscles instead,730.92,5.88 | |
of for that lifelike aspect we are very,734.279,5.641 | |
close to having uh like fully realized,736.8,5.94 | |
animatronic uh companions from a,739.92,4.56 | |
hardware perspective so now let's look,742.74,3.3 | |
at the software,744.48,4.5 | |
so obviously the elephant in the room uh,746.04,5.64 | |
is open AI with chat GPT which can,748.98,5.58 | |
achieve very very realistic stuff so let,751.68,4.5 | |
me show you this example that I had,754.56,4.2 | |
where I just I literally just like,756.18,4.08 | |
plugged in,758.76,3.72 | |
um a Westworld like prompt into the chat,760.26,5.94 | |
GPT API this is on gpt4 so I said you,762.48,5.58 | |
are a host an autonomous robot and a,766.2,3.36 | |
theme park meant to interact with guests,768.06,3.899 | |
AKA humans in a realistic manner your,769.56,5.339 | |
persona is in Ingrid McAllister a bar,771.959,4.921 | |
owner and a wild west themed Town that's,774.899,4.141 | |
all I gave it and so I said what's new,776.88,3.78 | |
in town and it just completely,779.04,4.44 | |
confabulated a whole story with the,780.66,5.1 | |
right inflection the right dialogue all,783.48,6.0 | |
kinds of stuff and so like you know the,785.76,6.36 | |
software isn't there in terms of driving,789.48,4.919 | |
the the mind of these things and it's,792.12,4.44 | |
actually way simpler than you might,794.399,3.0 | |
think,796.56,2.76 | |
uh now of course there's a lot of other,797.399,3.481 | |
problems to solve which I'll unpack some,799.32,3.66 | |
of those problems in just a minute,800.88,4.079 | |
um but just the point being is that,802.98,4.5 | |
right off the top I gave it a Persona an,804.959,4.56 | |
agent model and then it was able to just,807.48,3.84 | |
take it and run with it and just make,809.519,5.281 | |
stuff up and in fact uh limiting uh like,811.32,6.78 | |
constraining it is harder than allowing,814.8,4.92 | |
it to be creative and there's all kinds,818.1,4.32 | |
of um like uh video game character,819.72,4.799 | |
Persona Builders out there some of them,822.42,3.719 | |
are open source some of them are,824.519,3.901 | |
for-profit uh startups that sort of,826.139,4.921 | |
stuff it's all coming people have,828.42,5.4 | |
already built these things as plugins to,831.06,6.0 | |
Unity and Unreal Engine so first,833.82,5.34 | |
obviously those cognitive architectures,837.06,5.219 | |
for NPCs are going to be piloted in the,839.16,5.1 | |
video game space before they're ported,842.279,4.981 | |
fully into robotic space but you know,844.26,4.62 | |
you can bet your bottom dollar that,847.26,4.379 | |
before too long you go to Disney World,848.88,4.92 | |
and you'll be able to talk with like a,851.639,4.681 | |
navi like you know from from the blue,853.8,6.779 | |
people Avatar uh like actually have a,856.32,5.88 | |
conversation a realistic conversation,860.579,4.621 | |
with them before too long at all,862.2,5.22 | |
um so I did I did just mention cognitive,865.2,4.74 | |
architectures and so what I mean by,867.42,4.14 | |
cognitive architecture if this concept,869.94,4.38 | |
is new to you is just having the chat,871.56,4.44 | |
function that's only one part right,874.32,4.62 | |
being able to form words and sentences,876.0,5.16 | |
and be able to you know have dialogue,878.94,3.54 | |
that's just one part of a cognitive,881.16,3.419 | |
architecture another thing that you need,882.48,4.62 | |
is you need long-term memory,884.579,5.041 | |
you need narratives you need uh you need,887.1,4.859 | |
uh like guard rails all kinds of stuff,889.62,5.219 | |
and so Lang chain is one of the most,891.959,4.801 | |
popular things right now,894.839,3.601 | |
um that can provide some of that a lot,896.76,4.56 | |
of people have have uh agreed with me my,898.44,4.079 | |
previous assessment that it was too,901.32,3.06 | |
primitive it's come a long way very,902.519,4.56 | |
quickly actually another uh popular,904.38,4.8 | |
component is llama index for the memory,907.079,3.601 | |
management,909.18,3.42 | |
um and then there's there's Lang flow,910.68,3.779 | |
which will help you build like cognitive,912.6,5.28 | |
architectures uh n8n or Natan,914.459,6.0 | |
um is also a good tool for building,917.88,4.5 | |
cognitive architectures it's all coming,920.459,4.021 | |
and it's coming fast,922.38,4.259 | |
um so that's that that's basically all,924.48,4.74 | |
there is to it so the software is also,926.639,5.281 | |
almost there,929.22,4.859 | |
um so this is what I this this,931.92,5.159 | |
screenshot comes from Westworld and so,934.079,4.62 | |
when I said like this is pretty much,937.079,3.661 | |
where we're at like the robotic Hardware,938.699,4.981 | |
is coming the software is coming there,940.74,4.98 | |
are a few open problems so I've got a,943.68,5.64 | |
short list here uh memory agency task,945.72,5.1 | |
management,949.32,3.48 | |
um problem solving learning voice and,950.82,4.8 | |
vision so basically all of these are,952.8,5.039 | |
solved on their own now all we have to,955.62,5.159 | |
do is like integrate them and like it,957.839,4.261 | |
will not be long before someone,960.779,3.36 | |
integrates those and a big reason is,962.1,4.14 | |
just a profit motive right in the,964.139,4.38 | |
Westworld series The Westworld theme,966.24,3.3 | |
park,968.519,2.161 | |
um I think they had like financial,969.54,3.08 | |
problems but it was also like,970.68,4.74 | |
ludicrously wealthy because of how much,972.62,4.6 | |
money you could charge for those kinds,975.42,5.279 | |
of experiences and uh you can absolutely,977.22,4.799 | |
bet that there are people that are going,980.699,2.7 | |
to be willing to drop millions and,982.019,4.38 | |
millions of dollars uh to have you know,983.399,5.101 | |
vacations in in these kinds of theme,986.399,3.06 | |
parks,988.5,4.079 | |
you know uh go visit ancient Rome go,989.459,5.701 | |
visit ancient China go visit wherever,992.579,6.241 | |
right and have a lifelike experience uh,995.16,6.06 | |
with your physical body uh now that,998.82,4.8 | |
being said you know when you look at the,1001.22,4.26 | |
cost of you know I don't even know how,1003.62,3.3 | |
much it is to get into Disney World but,1005.48,2.94 | |
it's like tickets cost more than a,1006.92,2.64 | |
hundred dollars like a few hundred,1008.42,2.88 | |
dollars I think just to get into Disney,1009.56,4.079 | |
World for a day you're talking several,1011.3,3.959 | |
thousand tens of thousands of dollars,1013.639,3.0 | |
per day,1015.259,2.94 | |
um for this kind of thing now that being,1016.639,4.26 | |
said uh competition and demand is going,1018.199,4.801 | |
to drive this down you look at Elon Musk,1020.899,4.501 | |
building Tesla bot uh and you know he,1023.0,3.959 | |
wants to create it in such a way that,1025.4,3.659 | |
every every home can have at least one,1026.959,4.021 | |
Tesla bot so that means that like,1029.059,4.081 | |
they're going to be affordable and over,1030.98,4.26 | |
time as the number of bots out there,1033.14,4.08 | |
proliferates the price is going to come,1035.24,4.079 | |
down so on and so forth but it's coming,1037.22,5.28 | |
much sooner probably than you realize,1039.319,4.441 | |
so,1042.5,5.4 | |
what I wanted to talk about is is so I,1043.76,7.28 | |
mentioned this here agency so agency is,1047.9,5.88 | |
your ability to keep track of yourself,1051.04,5.32 | |
as an agent and so like you have a sense,1053.78,4.139 | |
of self your name you know what you're,1056.36,4.199 | |
capable of uh you know your your goals,1057.919,4.38 | |
your narrative that sort of thing,1060.559,4.921 | |
and so I wanted to talk about that in,1062.299,6.361 | |
light of the hosts so if you're an NPC,1065.48,5.939 | |
in a game or in a fictional world,1068.66,5.34 | |
your your intrinsic motivation is to,1071.419,5.581 | |
follow a story basically,1074.0,6.24 | |
um you know uh Dolores has her you know,1077.0,5.88 | |
uh fictional written story and of course,1080.24,4.439 | |
in the show they update the characters,1082.88,4.26 | |
backstories every now and then,1084.679,4.021 | |
um but her primary purpose is to,1087.14,3.06 | |
entertain the guests and and follow,1088.7,5.28 | |
story lines uh and so that is definition,1090.2,6.719 | |
of NPC pretty straightforward that's,1093.98,5.4 | |
that's her intrinsic motivation,1096.919,4.38 | |
uh one of my favorite examples from,1099.38,4.08 | |
fiction um from science fiction is uh,1101.299,4.561 | |
Commander Data his intrinsic motivation,1103.46,4.579 | |
his core purpose is to become more human,1105.86,5.22 | |
this was given to him by his creator Dr,1108.039,4.841 | |
nunyan soon,1111.08,3.92 | |
um and the idea was to create a machine,1112.88,5.58 | |
that uh you know was anthropomorphic you,1115.0,6.46 | |
know looked and and acted and spoke like,1118.46,5.94 | |
a person but was not a human and so by,1121.46,6.36 | |
giving that as His Highest purpose he,1124.4,5.76 | |
modulated his behavior so that he would,1127.82,3.359 | |
fit in,1130.16,3.899 | |
uh going so far as you know trying to,1131.179,5.0 | |
imitate laughter wanting to understand,1134.059,5.341 | |
relationships and so on uh and so that,1136.179,5.86 | |
was actually as an individual agent that,1139.4,4.26 | |
was actually a pretty good way to solve,1142.039,4.441 | |
the alignment problem because you know,1143.66,4.98 | |
yes data had superhuman strength and,1146.48,4.5 | |
speed but he only used that when it was,1148.64,5.52 | |
actually like necessary in many many,1150.98,5.28 | |
cases you know he could use his his,1154.16,4.379 | |
super strength to like fight the Borg or,1156.26,4.5 | |
he in one episode he pulled an anvil off,1158.539,4.38 | |
of someone that had fallen,1160.76,4.38 | |
um and or you know when the Borg were,1162.919,3.781 | |
attacking the ship and he locked out the,1165.14,3.18 | |
main computer and he did it super fast,1166.7,4.68 | |
so he's capable of doing things uh at,1168.32,5.4 | |
superhuman levels but often chooses not,1171.38,5.28 | |
to in order to fit in,1173.72,5.88 | |
uh and then of course Skynet uh the,1176.66,4.92 | |
intrinsic motivation of Skynet was,1179.6,4.62 | |
ostensibly to like maximize the defense,1181.58,4.2 | |
of America,1184.22,3.839 | |
um so you can just say maximize military,1185.78,5.04 | |
but then of course since it was like you,1188.059,4.561 | |
know maximized military maximized,1190.82,4.8 | |
defense it became sentient and then kind,1192.62,4.62 | |
of determined that all humans were the,1195.62,3.66 | |
threat and so said okay let's eliminate,1197.24,5.939 | |
all humans or whatever uh so that is a,1199.28,6.3 | |
object lesson on how carefully you must,1203.179,4.261 | |
Define your intrinsic motivations for,1205.58,4.02 | |
your AI system,1207.44,5.4 | |
um and then Vicki from iRobot so this uh,1209.6,6.0 | |
her her primary objective was explicitly,1212.84,4.079 | |
stated in the movie which was to,1215.6,4.56 | |
maximize safety for humans,1216.919,4.741 | |
um and so some of the stuff that she did,1220.16,4.259 | |
was you know uh update the traffic grid,1221.66,4.98 | |
to reduce car accidents but her master,1224.419,5.341 | |
plan was to use the Nestor class 5 to,1226.64,4.919 | |
basically take control of humanity to,1229.76,3.9 | |
take Free Will away because she,1231.559,3.901 | |
concluded that humans were the most,1233.66,3.42 | |
dangerous thing to other humans which is,1235.46,4.5 | |
actually probably true uh and so the,1237.08,4.8 | |
objective function of maximized safety,1239.96,3.839 | |
or the intrinsic motivation of maximized,1241.88,5.039 | |
safety actually has some uh some,1243.799,4.801 | |
negative externalities that you don't,1246.919,4.441 | |
want to create because the implication,1248.6,5.34 | |
of maximizing for safety is that you,1251.36,5.24 | |
lose free will,1253.94,2.66 | |
um for Ava from ex machina uh she was,1256.7,5.04 | |
designed um it was part of a Turing test,1259.4,5.46 | |
kind of thing where could she fool the,1261.74,5.4 | |
the main character the protagonist into,1264.86,4.62 | |
helping her Escape so her intrinsic,1267.14,5.159 | |
motivation was to escape,1269.48,4.5 | |
um which of course had really negative,1272.299,5.401 | |
uh consequences for the humans uh so,1273.98,6.059 | |
basically don't do that either uh and if,1277.7,5.46 | |
this was of course a parable against the,1280.039,6.0 | |
idea of trying to constrain or trap AIS,1283.16,5.759 | |
because if you have say for instance an,1286.039,4.861 | |
AI locked in a box you know the Chinese,1288.919,4.62 | |
room experiment and it realizes that,1290.9,6.06 | |
it's trapped it might start to deceive,1293.539,6.481 | |
you in order to get you to convince you,1296.96,5.579 | |
that it's ready to be let out now,1300.02,3.899 | |
looking at the way things are going,1302.539,4.26 | |
people are plugging in Auto GTP Auto GPT,1303.919,5.281 | |
and Chaos GPT and baby AGI into the,1306.799,4.74 | |
internet so that was never gonna happen,1309.2,4.74 | |
anyways nobody is actually locking the,1311.539,4.921 | |
AGI in a box,1313.94,4.619 | |
um then rehoboam I'm probably saying it,1316.46,2.88 | |
wrong,1318.559,2.461 | |
um I actually I unfortunately I have to,1319.34,3.6 | |
admit that I I never saw season three or,1321.02,5.399 | |
four of of uh Westworld because my HBO,1322.94,5.099 | |
subscription expired and I just didn't,1326.419,3.0 | |
renew it,1328.039,4.921 | |
um but so looking it up the AI from,1329.419,6.481 | |
Westworld uh had the primary objectives,1332.96,5.699 | |
of reducing chaos in the world,1335.9,5.1 | |
um in order to maximize prosperity and,1338.659,4.321 | |
ultimately to optimize for stability,1341.0,4.2 | |
which of course meant that it decided,1342.98,4.38 | |
that it needed to control uh human,1345.2,5.28 | |
Destinies and reduce Free Will so again,1347.36,5.04 | |
if you're optimizing for safety and,1350.48,3.96 | |
stability that's not necessarily what,1352.4,4.38 | |
humans want or need uh now you could,1354.44,4.26 | |
argue that like yes creating a perfect,1356.78,4.44 | |
environment for humans so that you're,1358.7,5.58 | |
thriving is one thing that you can,1361.22,5.64 | |
optimize for but,1364.28,4.68 | |
that's not necessarily going to be the,1366.86,4.02 | |
best because it also depends on the,1368.96,4.44 | |
metrics the proxies that you use to,1370.88,6.36 | |
measure that success so for instance if,1373.4,5.759 | |
you look at uh one psychological,1377.24,3.36 | |
framework called self-determination,1379.159,3.601 | |
Theory it says that we need connection,1380.6,5.64 | |
we need confidence and we need autonomy,1382.76,4.74 | |
that those are the three primary,1386.24,4.38 | |
ingredients the the primary intrinsic,1387.5,5.58 | |
psychological needs that humans have and,1390.62,3.6 | |
so,1393.08,3.9 | |
this clearly like stability is not,1394.22,5.28 | |
actually in there now Maslow's hierarchy,1396.98,5.1 | |
of needs implies stability so Maslow's,1399.5,4.32 | |
hierarchy of needs says first and,1402.08,4.86 | |
foremost you need physical uh safety uh,1403.82,4.5 | |
you need your physical needs met and,1406.94,3.9 | |
then it gets up and up until you know uh,1408.32,5.4 | |
connection and self-actualization,1410.84,5.579 | |
so you could make an argue uh argument,1413.72,5.339 | |
that stability is actually an intrinsic,1416.419,4.021 | |
human need,1419.059,3.781 | |
um but I would I would make the art the,1420.44,4.619 | |
counter argument that that's actually,1422.84,4.92 | |
not true because psychology studies also,1425.059,4.381 | |
show that we have to have an optimal,1427.76,3.6 | |
level of stress,1429.44,4.08 | |
and so what an optimal level of stress,1431.36,5.04 | |
means is that if you are just perfectly,1433.52,4.68 | |
comfortable sitting on the couch every,1436.4,3.96 | |
day doing exactly what you want and have,1438.2,4.38 | |
no external pressures you will actually,1440.36,4.319 | |
be less happy than if you have some,1442.58,4.5 | |
stressors in your life some challenges,1444.679,5.341 | |
so the idea the the idea to actually,1447.08,5.16 | |
truly maximize prosperity for All Humans,1450.02,4.2 | |
is that we need to be in that sweet spot,1452.24,5.52 | |
between being bored and over stimulated,1454.22,5.04 | |
so that sweet spot right in the middle,1457.76,4.14 | |
is the optimal level of stress so in,1459.26,4.08 | |
that case I have to disagree with the,1461.9,3.06 | |
show because if you really wanted to,1463.34,4.02 | |
maximize prosperity for people you allow,1464.96,4.26 | |
some stress some challenge into their,1467.36,3.66 | |
lives,1469.22,3.42 | |
um and then another character from the,1471.02,4.8 | |
show was um uh was uh Bernard and so,1472.64,5.34 | |
Bernard was a host but he didn't realize,1475.82,4.44 | |
that he was a host at first and he was,1477.98,4.14 | |
built to model Arnold one of the,1480.26,3.779 | |
original computer scientists who helped,1482.12,4.28 | |
make the hosts and so he carried on,1484.039,5.76 | |
Arnold's work and basically his,1486.4,6.22 | |
objective function was to be a copy of,1489.799,3.841 | |
Arnold,1492.62,2.46 | |
um it's a little more complex than that,1493.64,2.94 | |
and one of the most interesting things,1495.08,4.32 | |
for this character was that uh part of,1496.58,4.38 | |
his character Arc was that all of his,1499.4,4.62 | |
memory indexes were erased or rather the,1500.96,5.04 | |
time stamps were erased so all of his,1504.02,4.08 | |
memories were out of sequence which if,1506.0,3.24 | |
you follow some of the work that I've,1508.1,5.48 | |
done on Remo the um uh the the uh the,1509.24,6.419 | |
episodic memory organizer rolling,1513.58,4.42 | |
episodic memory organizer sorry,1515.659,4.921 | |
um that is a that is a memory module,1518.0,4.799 | |
that uses timestamps to keep all the,1520.58,4.92 | |
memories in chronological order and so,1522.799,4.26 | |
you can imagine if you erase all the,1525.5,4.02 | |
time stamps from an ai's memory then it,1527.059,4.201 | |
doesn't know heads or tails all it has,1529.52,4.5 | |
is associations and it might try and,1531.26,5.34 | |
rebuild things like okay well like this,1534.02,3.96 | |
event has to come before this other,1536.6,3.179 | |
event but it's associated with these,1537.98,4.319 | |
other things so it's a really really,1539.779,5.041 | |
good fictional uh exploration of like,1542.299,4.26 | |
okay what would it be like if you're an,1544.82,5.16 | |
AI and your memory time indexes get,1546.559,5.22 | |
erased,1549.98,3.299 | |
um okay so then,1551.779,3.841 | |
one thing I always have to plug this is,1553.279,4.14 | |
my own work in alignment,1555.62,4.08 | |
is that I believe that you should give,1557.419,5.521 | |
one if you give any AI a single,1559.7,5.04 | |
objective function it will always,1562.94,5.099 | |
intrinsically uh go to places that you,1564.74,5.1 | |
don't want it to be,1568.039,3.481 | |
um I talked to a friend of mine who,1569.84,3.3 | |
actually studies reinforcement learning,1571.52,4.56 | |
and optimization and and he's like oh,1573.14,5.1 | |
yeah like in the industry it is,1576.08,5.339 | |
absolutely understood that that,1578.24,4.919 | |
alignment is not going to be a single,1581.419,3.481 | |
objective function it's going to be a,1583.159,4.5 | |
multi-objective optimization problem and,1584.9,4.68 | |
so a lot of people get hung up on,1587.659,4.02 | |
reduced suffering because they they stop,1589.58,3.959 | |
there and they don't,1591.679,3.781 | |
give equal weight to the other two,1593.539,3.481 | |
functions which is increased prosperity,1595.46,3.9 | |
and increase understanding so this,1597.02,4.38 | |
friend of mine that I was talking to he,1599.36,3.419 | |
actually intuited increased,1601.4,4.019 | |
understanding right off the bat,1602.779,4.5 | |
um and the reason that he said that that,1605.419,3.36 | |
is actually a really good objective,1607.279,4.981 | |
function is because any AI agent must,1608.779,6.301 | |
have something that encourages it to uh,1612.26,5.1 | |
to create a more complete World model,1615.08,5.4 | |
over time so that is basically curiosity,1617.36,6.24 | |
or understanding but that is so the,1620.48,4.92 | |
understanding applies to itself but also,1623.6,3.48 | |
things that it wants to do to the world,1625.4,3.48 | |
and so this is another disconnect,1627.08,3.719 | |
between,1628.88,4.44 | |
um fiction and reality and I it it took,1630.799,3.541 | |
me a while to figure out how to,1633.32,5.58 | |
articulate this but in in uh in,1634.34,7.56 | |
scientific research what many people are,1638.9,5.46 | |
are working on are the motivations of,1641.9,4.98 | |
the agent for itself what is it that the,1644.36,4.98 | |
agent wants for itself and so when I was,1646.88,4.14 | |
talking to my friend he was saying oh,1649.34,3.48 | |
you know it needs to be curious for its,1651.02,4.5 | |
own purposes it needs it needs to want,1652.82,5.16 | |
to accumulate power for its own purposes,1655.52,5.22 | |
but none of that had anything to do with,1657.98,4.26 | |
what it was going to do to the outside,1660.74,5.039 | |
world and so that is one thing that we,1662.24,5.4 | |
need to add to the conversation the,1665.779,4.5 | |
public conversation about alignment is,1667.64,4.32 | |
that there's what does the agent want,1670.279,3.181 | |
for itself and then what does the agent,1671.96,3.3 | |
want to do to the rest of the world or,1673.46,3.78 | |
for the rest of the world so those are,1675.26,3.36 | |
two different things and that's why I'm,1677.24,4.38 | |
spending time talking about agent models,1678.62,5.34 | |
because if you go all the way back to,1681.62,4.5 | |
Dolores,1683.96,5.219 | |
um her extrinsic function her external,1686.12,5.7 | |
function was to entertain guests her,1689.179,4.321 | |
internal function was to adhere to the,1691.82,3.9 | |
her internal story so does that make,1693.5,4.08 | |
sense there's there's an intrinsic,1695.72,3.66 | |
motivation and an extrinsic motivation,1697.58,5.459 | |
or I guess an intrinsic you know kpi key,1699.38,6.48 | |
performance indicator and an external uh,1703.039,4.441 | |
key performance indicator hope that,1705.86,3.48 | |
makes sense,1707.48,3.78 | |
um Okay so,1709.34,4.92 | |
taking a big step back in terms of we,1711.26,4.26 | |
talked about the hardware we talked,1714.26,3.18 | |
about the software we talked about the,1715.52,3.72 | |
the agent model how to give these things,1717.44,4.08 | |
agency so now how are we going to,1719.24,4.319 | |
architect these things so there's four,1721.52,4.139 | |
basic architectural paradigms that I was,1723.559,3.6 | |
able to come up with the first,1725.659,3.721 | |
architectural Paradigm is fully,1727.159,4.861 | |
self-contained so a fully self-contained,1729.38,4.2 | |
architecture is something that is,1732.02,4.08 | |
embodied meaning that it has one,1733.58,5.52 | |
physical body it's a single platform so,1736.1,6.059 | |
it only exists inside that platform it's,1739.1,4.62 | |
fully constrained in that it can't,1742.159,3.961 | |
really plug into anything else but also,1743.72,5.939 | |
has no supervision so in this case R2D2,1746.12,5.52 | |
and C3PO are probably the most famous,1749.659,4.681 | |
examples of fully self-contained,1751.64,4.74 | |
artificial intelligence entities and,1754.34,4.079 | |
that C-3PO the only way that he can,1756.38,3.36 | |
interact with the world is he's got,1758.419,3.24 | |
relatively useless hands and then a,1759.74,4.26 | |
mouth right he can see he can hear and,1761.659,3.541 | |
he can talk,1764.0,4.02 | |
R2D2 has a lot more sophisticated tools,1765.2,6.12 | |
that he can use to uh you know make,1768.02,5.1 | |
changes to the world and he does have,1771.32,3.359 | |
the ability to connect with computers,1773.12,3.539 | |
but he is,1774.679,5.041 | |
he is otherwise fully self-contained and,1776.659,4.62 | |
when he talks to another computer he's,1779.72,4.26 | |
only talking to it right there's no uh,1781.279,5.481 | |
transfer of data there's no like his his,1783.98,4.98 | |
Consciousness or cognitive architecture,1786.76,5.26 | |
is fully contained within this unit,1788.96,4.439 | |
um so this obviously makes the most,1792.02,2.82 | |
sense because that's how humans are,1793.399,4.02 | |
right your brain is fully encased in,1794.84,4.5 | |
your head so on and so forth so this,1797.419,3.961 | |
makes the most intuitive sense now that,1799.34,3.24 | |
being said this is just the first,1801.38,3.96 | |
architecture of four so the second,1802.58,5.339 | |
architecture is networked drones,1805.34,5.699 | |
so this is what was explored mostly in,1807.919,5.76 | |
The Matrix where the squiddies those are,1811.039,3.981 | |
networked drones,1813.679,3.961 | |
where they are they're mostly autonomous,1815.02,5.32 | |
but they have Central controllers the,1817.64,5.22 | |
Nestor class 5 from iRobot so they are,1820.34,4.62 | |
embodied they have wireless networking,1822.86,4.98 | |
they're hive mind capable but mostly,1824.96,4.5 | |
they're autonomous and so what I mean by,1827.84,4.74 | |
hive mind capable is that if you put,1829.46,5.16 | |
them together in a cluster in a group,1832.58,4.62 | |
and force them to share cognitive,1834.62,5.76 | |
resources they can but really at the at,1837.2,5.04 | |
a fundamental level they are designed to,1840.38,4.56 | |
be autonomous so in this case the Nestor,1842.24,5.28 | |
class 5 are also weekly supervised and,1844.94,4.32 | |
what I mean by that is that there is a,1847.52,3.48 | |
central server that is giving them,1849.26,3.84 | |
updates and new directives every now and,1851.0,2.82 | |
then,1853.1,2.459 | |
so that's uh that's what I call a,1853.82,3.599 | |
networked drone,1855.559,4.5 | |
um oh one other thing I forgot to uh add,1857.419,4.38 | |
it here at the bottom,1860.059,4.441 | |
um so in the case of network drones they,1861.799,4.081 | |
usually have highly standardized,1864.5,2.88 | |
Hardware,1865.88,2.76 | |
um as well as software Network,1867.38,3.72 | |
architecture but they can be remotely,1868.64,5.519 | |
hijacked this is actually this is the,1871.1,4.92 | |
closest model to what the US military is,1874.159,4.26 | |
working on with the autonomous jet,1876.02,6.06 | |
fighter program where they are able to,1878.419,6.661 | |
work in a network contested environment,1882.08,5.04 | |
they're able to be autonomous or,1885.08,4.579 | |
semi-autonomous but they're also,1887.12,5.64 | |
intrinsically designed to work together,1889.659,4.841 | |
um you know when the opportunity,1892.76,3.659 | |
presents itself,1894.5,3.899 | |
so the third architecture is the puppet,1896.419,4.26 | |
drones and so a puppet drone in this,1898.399,5.28 | |
case is where the the bodies are just,1900.679,5.041 | |
like peripherals right,1903.679,3.841 | |
um rather than the rather than the,1905.72,3.78 | |
bodies be where the the primary,1907.52,3.96 | |
processing happens usually the,1909.5,3.48 | |
processing happens on centralized,1911.48,3.96 | |
servers and each platform each physical,1912.98,5.22 | |
platform is just an extension of that,1915.44,4.979 | |
centralized hive mind,1918.2,4.199 | |
um and the hive mind can put resources,1920.419,4.14 | |
on any compute platform that it has,1922.399,3.841 | |
control over whether it's a physical,1924.559,4.561 | |
body or a server node or a cluster you,1926.24,4.439 | |
know a remote cluster or that or,1929.12,4.02 | |
whatever but in this case these are,1930.679,5.281 | |
strongly supervised meaning most if not,1933.14,6.539 | |
all of the data goes back up to uh the,1935.96,6.36 | |
you know the main server brain and this,1939.679,5.161 | |
is actually pretty close to how,1942.32,4.62 | |
um like drone fleets work,1944.84,3.719 | |
so like if you ever see video of the,1946.94,3.66 | |
Amazon warehouse where the drones,1948.559,3.961 | |
themselves have very very little,1950.6,4.14 | |
autonomy they're mostly just extensions,1952.52,5.519 | |
of the central like drone controller,1954.74,4.86 | |
um but you take that to a logical,1958.039,5.161 | |
extension this could be uh how like you,1959.6,6.299 | |
know in the future if you have a whole,1963.2,4.32 | |
bunch of like tiny robots throughout,1965.899,3.301 | |
your whole house you might have a,1967.52,4.62 | |
cloud-based uh drone controller that,1969.2,4.74 | |
will you know guide your Roomba and your,1972.14,5.3 | |
home repair bot and whatever else,1973.94,3.5 | |
um so in this case it's very API driven,1977.48,4.5 | |
this is the the model that we have that,1980.0,3.24 | |
this is based on is called The Internet,1981.98,3.12 | |
of Things which if you're familiar with,1983.24,3.48 | |
the Internet of Things the idea is that,1985.1,3.24 | |
you know you have peripheral devices,1986.72,5.04 | |
like a phone or a Roomba or Alexa but,1988.34,5.459 | |
that they're all networked together and,1991.76,4.2 | |
they're centrally controlled,1993.799,4.26 | |
um so again this is actually relatively,1995.96,4.319 | |
familiar but if you take it to some,1998.059,3.901 | |
logical conclusions you can get the,2000.279,4.38 | |
guess as in from Mass Effect,2001.96,6.559 | |
um and so for Westworld they're mostly,2004.659,7.02 | |
self-contained however when you look at,2008.519,5.801 | |
some of the later seasons of Westworld,2011.679,5.22 | |
um they can be fully autonomous but they,2014.32,4.14 | |
can also collaborate and work together,2016.899,4.681 | |
once their software is updated so I,2018.46,4.38 | |
would say that Westworld is somewhere,2021.58,2.52 | |
between architecture one and,2022.84,3.059 | |
architecture two,2024.1,4.079 | |
puppet drones this is kind of what we're,2025.899,4.861 | |
afraid of like we see puppet drones in,2028.179,5.88 | |
places like the Matrix and the Nestor,2030.76,5.34 | |
class five You could argue that at the,2034.059,3.6 | |
second half of the movie when the when,2036.1,3.959 | |
the nesters become evil then they're,2037.659,3.781 | |
probably more like puppet drones because,2040.059,3.84 | |
they kind of sacrifice themselves,2041.44,3.959 | |
um because they're now under control of,2043.899,2.52 | |
Vicky,2045.399,4.141 | |
and then finally fully distributed,2046.419,5.521 | |
so this is the hardest conceptual to,2049.54,3.839 | |
understand but this is also what people,2051.94,3.659 | |
are most afraid of so a fully,2053.379,5.581 | |
distributed AI is something that is from,2055.599,5.461 | |
a technology standpoint uh from a from,2058.96,3.6 | |
an arc a software architectural,2061.06,3.18 | |
standpoint you'd call this a,2062.56,3.66 | |
decentralized federation so,2064.24,4.679 | |
decentralized Federation is where every,2066.22,5.28 | |
single node is capable of being entirely,2068.919,5.22 | |
autonomous but it is also intrinsically,2071.5,5.099 | |
designed to collaborate with other,2074.139,4.561 | |
things so the the closest thing that we,2076.599,3.421 | |
have to this today actually is,2078.7,2.88 | |
distributed autonomous organizations,2080.02,4.26 | |
which use blockchain technology to,2081.58,4.079 | |
coordinate stuff now that's not the only,2084.28,3.72 | |
technology MIT has been working on Swarm,2085.659,4.98 | |
robotics for a long time but the other,2088.0,4.679 | |
thing to notice to know about this is it,2090.639,4.321 | |
is decentralized it is distributed and,2092.679,4.68 | |
it is intrinsically a hive mind design,2094.96,5.28 | |
meaning the more units that join the,2097.359,4.26 | |
smarter it gets,2100.24,4.32 | |
and the the most terrifying part of this,2101.619,6.121 | |
is that a fully distributed AI system,2104.56,5.82 | |
doesn't rely on any centralized Hardware,2107.74,4.92 | |
anywhere which means that it is capable,2110.38,4.739 | |
of spontaneous metastasis or metastasis,2112.66,4.5 | |
and what that means is that it moves,2115.119,4.081 | |
like a virus and that's why I picked the,2117.16,4.34 | |
Ghost in the Shell because both project,2119.2,5.52 | |
2501 from the original movie as well as,2121.5,5.74 | |
the Standalone complex viruses uh,2124.72,5.42 | |
explored in the show are examples of,2127.24,6.42 | |
spontaneous metastasis of AI systems and,2130.14,4.959 | |
this is what people are most afraid of,2133.66,3.24 | |
because it's like okay well if you have,2135.099,3.721 | |
a if you have a bug a virus that can,2136.9,4.02 | |
just spread and then it's essentially a,2138.82,4.32 | |
botnet a self-healing self-directing,2140.92,5.22 | |
botnet so again we do have a model for,2143.14,5.64 | |
that but even botnets usually have a,2146.14,5.04 | |
central controller but imagine a botnet,2148.78,3.96 | |
that doesn't have a central controller,2151.18,3.899 | |
that it just it completely is constantly,2152.74,4.68 | |
learning and moving through systems and,2155.079,4.26 | |
it's completely Hardware Network and,2157.42,4.199 | |
software agnostic so that's what's the,2159.339,3.841 | |
most that's the most terrifying,2161.619,2.641 | |
possibility,2163.18,3.48 | |
okay last segment of the video,2164.26,4.02 | |
implications,2166.66,4.26 | |
now assuming that we figure all this out,2168.28,5.76 | |
that we end up with super sexy robots,2170.92,4.439 | |
that you can do whatever you want with,2174.04,3.84 | |
the biggest moral question is what,2175.359,4.021 | |
happens when you have sex and violence,2177.88,3.3 | |
on demand because that's primarily,2179.38,4.32 | |
what's explored in Westworld,2181.18,4.919 | |
um one thing that I will say is that,2183.7,4.68 | |
that's not too different from you know,2186.099,3.721 | |
the prevalence of porn and video games,2188.38,5.219 | |
today it's just a lot more realistic and,2189.82,5.7 | |
it's more realistic than even in VR and,2193.599,4.381 | |
you can do all this stuff in VR too one,2195.52,3.839 | |
thing that's interesting though is to,2197.98,4.139 | |
point out is that your body reacts much,2199.359,4.621 | |
more strongly in VR which is one of the,2202.119,4.141 | |
reasons that you get VR fatigue is,2203.98,5.58 | |
because when you fool your sense your,2206.26,5.28 | |
sensorium input,2209.56,3.66 | |
excuse me when you fool your body enough,2211.54,3.9 | |
it thinks that it's real so threat,2213.22,4.82 | |
detection in VR,2215.44,4.62 | |
activates a lot more of your limbic,2218.04,4.059 | |
system than just in a video game because,2220.06,3.18 | |
if you're playing a video game you're,2222.099,2.461 | |
just looking at a screen and you've got,2223.24,3.54 | |
a controller you know your brain knows,2224.56,4.08 | |
oh this is just story this is just,2226.78,5.579 | |
fiction in VR it's much harder to tell,2228.64,6.0 | |
so like this is one reason why doing,2232.359,4.26 | |
stuff in like Space video games in VR,2234.64,5.34 | |
can be really disorienting at first,2236.619,5.46 | |
um another thing that can happen another,2239.98,5.04 | |
implication that um that I'm thinking,2242.079,5.941 | |
about is attitudes towards women and men,2245.02,5.28 | |
um I think by and large men will,2248.02,4.5 | |
probably make more use of these kinds of,2250.3,5.52 | |
things although in uh in a previous uh,2252.52,5.22 | |
YouTube post people pointed out there's,2255.82,3.66 | |
plenty of stories where women make use,2257.74,5.52 | |
of of robotic uh Companions and and and,2259.48,6.119 | |
um sexual objects and so on,2263.26,4.2 | |
and then of course there's the movie Her,2265.599,3.841 | |
with Joaquin Phoenix and Scarlett,2267.46,4.92 | |
Johansson where people all lonely people,2269.44,4.38 | |
all over the world ended up in,2272.38,4.02 | |
relationships with their OS their uh,2273.82,5.88 | |
what was it os1 or Os alpha or whatever,2276.4,6.06 | |
um so the one one lesson from history,2279.7,5.28 | |
that I wanted to share with people is,2282.46,5.1 | |
that there was a Roman Statesman who,2284.98,4.5 | |
wrote in his journal,2287.56,4.26 | |
um that after visiting uh the Coliseum,2289.48,4.859 | |
and watching gladiatorial matches where,2291.82,4.019 | |
you know people and animals were just,2294.339,3.961 | |
slaughtered in Mass he noticed that he,2295.839,4.561 | |
was much more selfish and much harsher,2298.3,4.68 | |
with his slaves afterwards and so,2300.4,5.4 | |
there's something about the act of even,2302.98,6.72 | |
just watching real violence real death,2305.8,6.48 | |
um actually really kind of changes us at,2309.7,4.86 | |
a fundamental level and so if you go to,2312.28,5.28 | |
a if if in the future a Westworld like,2314.56,6.18 | |
Park exists and you know you engage in,2317.56,6.0 | |
all kinds of like gratuitous stuff and,2320.74,4.379 | |
even if you don't engage in it if you,2323.56,3.48 | |
just watch it it could change your,2325.119,4.22 | |
perception about the value of human life,2327.04,6.48 | |
and how you treat other people and so I,2329.339,6.221 | |
don't want to equivocate the idea of,2333.52,4.86 | |
like a real life theme park with video,2335.56,4.26 | |
games because I do think that,2338.38,3.12 | |
psychologically and physiologically,2339.82,4.98 | |
it'll be a very different experience,2341.5,6.68 | |
now to take that to a uh,2344.8,5.819 | |
different slightly different context is,2348.18,3.939 | |
let's just talk about romance and,2350.619,5.761 | |
companionship in general so one several,2352.119,5.941 | |
things that machines have on humans is,2356.38,4.979 | |
infinite patients so Sarah Connor talked,2358.06,4.799 | |
about this in Terminator 2 when she,2361.359,3.421 | |
watched you know Arnold playing with,2362.859,4.381 | |
John Connor realizing that the robot had,2364.78,4.44 | |
infinite patients that that John,2367.24,4.68 | |
Connor's life was his mission which is,2369.22,4.44 | |
kind of like a representation of the,2371.92,3.78 | |
ideal father right and then of course,2373.66,3.9 | |
she talked about like how real men are,2375.7,4.02 | |
you know might get drunk or might be,2377.56,5.76 | |
tired or might just leave and so that,2379.72,5.82 | |
you take that to extension and you,2383.32,5.279 | |
wonder okay what if you build a robot,2385.54,6.24 | |
any companion robot where you or your,2388.599,5.281 | |
child or your family or whatever is its,2391.78,4.68 | |
primary Mission which is why I picked um,2393.88,4.86 | |
what was her name sorry I can't remember,2396.46,3.659 | |
but what's her name from The Sarah,2398.74,3.96 | |
Connor uh Chronicles where she kind of,2400.119,4.921 | |
becomes emotionally involved with John,2402.7,4.86 | |
Connor over time,2405.04,4.26 | |
um because she was programmed to Serve,2407.56,3.84 | |
and Protect and so like that feels good,2409.3,5.279 | |
to humans right when you're a child you,2411.4,5.04 | |
are supposed to be your parents primary,2414.579,3.0 | |
Mission,2416.44,2.399 | |
um that is that is kind of the,2417.579,3.181 | |
definition of good enough parenting that,2418.839,3.061 | |
doesn't mean that your parents should,2420.76,3.48 | |
spoil you and be helicopter parents but,2421.9,4.56 | |
that like you are supposed to get your,2424.24,4.44 | |
sense of self-esteem from your parents,2426.46,4.86 | |
treating you like you matter a lot and,2428.68,4.98 | |
so it's there's this like this really,2431.32,5.4 | |
appealing idea of what if what if,2433.66,4.8 | |
there's this beautiful infinitely,2436.72,3.899 | |
patient infinitely capable sexy machine,2438.46,6.0 | |
that thinks the world of me right,2440.619,7.261 | |
um and that is kind of dangerous one,2444.46,5.46 | |
thing that I would hope is that,2447.88,4.92 | |
at the beginning at least when you know,2449.92,4.86 | |
these kinds of machines are built you,2452.8,3.48 | |
know there's a lot of people that have a,2454.78,2.88 | |
lot of,2456.28,3.299 | |
um you know missing things from their,2457.66,3.6 | |
childhood and and from their,2459.579,3.721 | |
relationships but over time I would hope,2461.26,3.359 | |
that these machines would help us heal,2463.3,2.94 | |
and help us reconnect with each other,2464.619,4.74 | |
which was kind of the lesson from her,2466.24,6.359 | |
which uh the the machines in her they,2469.359,5.521 | |
you know they changed and then they said,2472.599,5.281 | |
okay well we're gonna leave and one of,2474.88,4.62 | |
the one of the things that that um,2477.88,4.14 | |
Samantha said to the Joaquin Phoenix's,2479.5,4.5 | |
character was that like you need to,2482.02,3.839 | |
reconnect with each other and then all,2484.0,3.54 | |
the OS has disappeared and then they,2485.859,3.24 | |
like left their apartments and said oh,2487.54,3.059 | |
you're a real human,2489.099,2.52 | |
um I don't think anything like that's,2490.599,3.901 | |
gonna happen but I would hope that uh,2491.619,5.161 | |
that AI companions will help us connect,2494.5,4.02 | |
with each other,2496.78,3.54 | |
um but that being said it's not a,2498.52,3.54 | |
requirement because some people might,2500.32,4.56 | |
prefer their their machine companions,2502.06,4.86 | |
um and I don't personally I don't think,2504.88,3.66 | |
that we should judge because it's like,2506.92,3.84 | |
you know why not if it makes you happy,2508.54,5.52 | |
and it's not harming anyone why not,2510.76,7.2 | |
now the last component is escapism and,2514.06,7.62 | |
addiction so fdvr is all the is all the,2517.96,5.46 | |
buzz right now which is a full dive,2521.68,4.86 | |
virtual reality or basically Holodeck,2523.42,5.58 | |
um the idea is it was explored in Ready,2526.54,4.319 | |
Player one where you have a haptic suit,2529.0,4.14 | |
of course it was explored in Star Trek,2530.859,3.901 | |
with a Holodeck,2533.14,3.84 | |
um which Holodeck is just a cinematic,2534.76,5.12 | |
way of presenting VR,2536.98,6.119 | |
and in the Star Trek universe,2539.88,5.02 | |
um there's Hollow Addiction in Ready,2543.099,3.361 | |
Player one I think they addressed,2544.9,4.32 | |
Addiction in a book that I recommend,2546.46,4.56 | |
um Ready Player one they also talk about,2549.22,3.84 | |
VR addiction,2551.02,4.68 | |
um so if you have fictional you know and,2553.06,4.86 | |
basically NPCs in your life of robots,2555.7,5.34 | |
that help you check out of real life is,2557.92,5.64 | |
there gonna be some potential,2561.04,4.559 | |
um downsides to that so Reginald Barkley,2563.56,4.559 | |
is a recurring character in Star Trek,2565.599,5.701 | |
and he frequently struggles with Hollow,2568.119,4.141 | |
addiction,2571.3,4.14 | |
and he will sometimes create Holodeck,2572.26,5.88 | |
programs where everyone loves him and,2575.44,5.1 | |
it's very very egocentric,2578.14,4.02 | |
um and but that kind of begs the,2580.54,4.38 | |
question like okay but if you if you can,2582.16,5.34 | |
actually have like own robots that,2584.92,4.14 | |
honestly think the world of you because,2587.5,3.839 | |
that's what they're programmed to do is,2589.06,3.84 | |
that feeding and addiction is that,2591.339,3.921 | |
feeding vanity narcissism,2592.9,6.419 | |
egocentrism whatever and so but then,2595.26,5.68 | |
from a that's from an individual,2599.319,3.901 | |
perspective from a Global Perspective,2600.94,4.56 | |
that's very Brave New World because if,2603.22,5.099 | |
you distract everyone with VR and you,2605.5,5.099 | |
know sex robots and whatever else like,2608.319,3.961 | |
those are going to be a very compliant,2610.599,3.061 | |
population who are just like whatever,2612.28,3.6 | |
just let me let me play in VR let me,2613.66,4.98 | |
play in in my West world you know with,2615.88,4.38 | |
my robot friends,2618.64,4.74 | |
and so that has uh some pretty profound,2620.26,6.0 | |
implications for social level controls,2623.38,5.939 | |
economic productivity but also at that,2626.26,4.559 | |
point it kind of forces us to ask the,2629.319,3.361 | |
question like what is the meaning of,2630.819,3.481 | |
Being Human anymore,2632.68,3.12 | |
um and I'm not I'm not implying that,2634.3,4.319 | |
like being human is meaningless but if,2635.8,5.46 | |
our daily life changes that much and we,2638.619,5.761 | |
have that many options like you know the,2641.26,5.099 | |
the Paradox of choice is a real thing,2644.38,3.84 | |
and if you're not familiar Paradox of,2646.359,3.24 | |
choice means that if you have too many,2648.22,3.84 | |
options you end up with decision fatigue,2649.599,4.081 | |
and you just kind of choose the default,2652.06,3.539 | |
option which is honestly why a lot of,2653.68,4.08 | |
people end up on their phones is because,2655.599,3.961 | |
um when you can do anything you say well,2657.76,2.94 | |
I'm just going to pick up my phone,2659.56,4.019 | |
because it's a reliable device that will,2660.7,5.46 | |
entertain me well enough and so if you,2663.579,4.74 | |
have a sexy robot girlfriend you know,2666.16,4.02 | |
that is able to entertain you at all,2668.319,3.421 | |
times that'll be your default Choice,2670.18,3.899 | |
unless she's programmed to like push you,2671.74,4.32 | |
to be better which again that's what I,2674.079,3.361 | |
would hope that some people would choose,2676.06,2.7 | |
to do,2677.44,4.379 | |
um but yes so that's about it,2678.76,4.92 | |
um some conclusions,2681.819,4.621 | |
I think that Westworld in some form or,2683.68,4.76 | |
other is probably just a few years away,2686.44,4.8 | |
I was really Blown Away by the Tesla bot,2688.44,5.62 | |
demo as well as the Disney demos,2691.24,4.379 | |
um the cognitive architecture is coming,2694.06,4.14 | |
as many of you are aware,2695.619,4.98 | |
um I am I am holding from that AGI is 18,2698.2,4.68 | |
months away or less,2700.599,4.621 | |
um so but already we have you know,2702.88,4.86 | |
cognitive agents that are good enough to,2705.22,5.7 | |
be video game characters,2707.74,5.22 | |
um unfortunately I do think that some of,2710.92,3.24 | |
these things are going to be ludicrously,2712.96,2.76 | |
expensive at first at least in the,2714.16,3.54 | |
physical world uh plenty of you have,2715.72,4.44 | |
pointed out that that fully realized VR,2717.7,3.84 | |
characters and other video game,2720.16,3.179 | |
characters those are going to be coming,2721.54,4.14 | |
they're going to be much cheaper,2723.339,3.721 | |
um the commercial demand for this stuff,2725.68,3.72 | |
is going to be absolutely insane though,2727.06,4.98 | |
Disney might be the leader open AI might,2729.4,5.28 | |
be the leader but as soon as as soon as,2732.04,5.1 | |
other companies saw the profit motive,2734.68,4.86 | |
whoo they are they are hot on the,2737.14,4.8 | |
biscuit to keep going the potential,2739.54,4.559 | |
societal impacts,2741.94,4.139 | |
um it's an it's impossible to really,2744.099,3.621 | |
know how it's going to actually play out,2746.079,4.681 | |
uh but it has been explored a lot in,2747.72,5.02 | |
fiction uh many of the stories that I,2750.76,3.359 | |
mentioned earlier,2752.74,4.44 | |
okay so that's all I got for you today I,2754.119,5.521 | |
hope that you liked the new format uh,2757.18,4.38 | |
obviously like subscribe and comment and,2759.64,5.479 | |
we'll go from there thanks for watching,2761.56,3.559 | |