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[ "A Suitable environment and proper child nutrition are paramount to a child's physical and mental development.", "Different environmental factors contribute to proper child development.", "Breast milk is an important source of nutrition during the early years of life and contains essential nutrients that are the building blocks for growth and development.", "To assess the association between the duration of breastfeeding and fine motor development among children aged 20 to 24 months living in Butajira, southern Ethiopia.", "Community-based case-control study design was employed among mother-child dyads of children aged 20 to 24 months in Butajira Southern Ethiopia.", "Children were screened for fine motor delay using the Denver II developmental screening and identified as cases and controls.", "A repeated visit was done to gather the rest of the information and 332 samples, 83 cases, and 249 controls were available and assessed.", "Epi-data version 4.4.2.1 software was used to prepare a data entry template, which was later exported to and analyzed using STATA version 14 statistical software.", "Finally, a Multivariable logistic regression model was used to adjust for confounders and estimate the independent effect of breastfeeding duration on fine motor development.", "We didn't find a significant association between the duration of breastfeeding from 21 to 24 months and fine motor delay compared to children who were breastfed less than 18 months[AOR: 0.86, 95% CI: (0.36, 2.05)].", "Children who have mothers > 35 years of age were 78% less likely than children who had mothers younger than 25 years, Children who had mothers in secondary school and above were 77% less likely than mothers who didn't have formal education, Females were 1.86 times more likely than males, and Children who scored 20-29 on the Home score were 51% less likely than Children who scored < 20 to have fine motor delay.", "Duration of breastfeeding was not significantly associated with fine motor delay for children aged 20 to 24 months old.", "The age of the mother, the educational status of the mother, being female, and Home score were identified to have a significant association with fine motor delay.", "Improving the educational status and empowerment of women is essential.", "Further work should be done on avoiding gender differences starting from a young age and creating a conducive environment for child development is crucial." ]

[ "A systematic review and meta-analysis was designed in order to ascertain the effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination in preventing lower respiratory tract diseases (LRTD) in older adults (age ≥ 60 years).", "Studies reporting on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched for in three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus) and the preprint repository medRxiv until 31 March 2024.", "A total of nine studies were eventually included, two of which were conference proceedings.", "Our analysis included five RCTs on five RSV vaccines (RSVpreF, RSVPreF3, Ad26.RSV.preF, MEDI7510, and mRNA-1345).", "The meta-analysis documented a pooled vaccine efficacy of 81.38% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 70.94 to 88.06) for prevention of LRTD with three or more signs/symptoms during the first RSV season after the delivery of the vaccine.", "Follow-up data were available for RSVPreF3 (2 RSV seasons), RSVpreF (mid-term estimates of second RSV season), and mRNA-1345 (12 months after the delivery of the primer), with a pooled VE of 61.15% (95% CI 45.29 to 72.40).", "After the first season, the overall risk for developing RSV-related LRTD was therefore substantially increased (risk ratio (RR) 4.326, 95% CI 2.415; 7.748).", "However, all estimates were affected by substantial heterogeneity, as suggested by the 95% CI of I2 statistics, which could be explained by inconsistencies in the design of the parent studies, particularly when dealing with case definition.", "In conclusion, adult RSV vaccination was quite effective in preventing LRTD in older adults, but the overall efficacy rapidly decreased in the second season after the delivery of the vaccine.", "Because of the heterogenous design of the parent studies, further analyses are required before tailoring specific public health interventions." ]

[ "A systematic review of studies that focused on the executive functions of problem solving, planning, organising and multitasking by adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) was performed through 2004.", "Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to evaluate the 15 studies that met inclusion criteria.", "Demographic variables, design and intervention features, and impairment and activity/participation outcomes (ICF) (World Health Organization, 2001) were documented.", "Five randomised control treatment (RCT) studies used step-by-step, metacognitive strategy instruction (MSI) and outcomes were evaluated in a meta-analysis.", "Effect sizes (ESs) from immediate impairment outcomes after MSI and \"control\" intervention were similar to each other, and both were significantly larger than chance.", "ESs from immediate activity/participation outcomes after MSI were significantly larger than the ESs from control intervention, and both were significantly larger than chance.", "These results, along with positive outcomes from the other group, single-subject design and single case studies, provided sufficient evidence to make the clinical recommendation that MSI should be used with young to middle-aged adults with TBI, when improvement in everyday, functional problems is the goal (Level A) (American Academy of Neurology, 2004).", "Although maintenance effects were generally positive, there was insufficient data quantitatively to evaluate this.", "Furthermore, there was insufficient evidence to make clinical recommendations for children or older adults.", "Intervention that trained verbal reasoning and multi-tasking was promising, although the evidence is insufficient to make clinical recommendations at this time.", "Additional research needs were highlighted." ]

[ "A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) courses within the years 2000 through 2020.", "The goals of this review were to 1) create a resource of STEM CUREs identified by their discipline, subdiscipline, and level; 2) determine the activities included in each CURE, particularly the primary components listed in the CURE definition as well as specific science practices we identified as key to scientific reasoning; and 3) identify the next steps needed in CURE creation and implementation.", "Our review found 242 CURE curricula described in 220 total articles, with most described in biology, although STEM disciplines, including chemistry and biochemistry, have begun to publish CURE curricula as well.", "We also found that most CUREs include the primary components.", "However, when we look at the specific science practices essential to scientific reasoning, we found that these are less common in many CUREs and are implemented differently.", "We encourage CURE authors to consider including these science practices and potentially measuring their impact on student outcomes.", "The present work provides a summary of the current published CUREs, their disciplines, course levels, primary components, and specific science practices." ]

[ "A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the time delays in the management of diabetic foot and explore influencing factors of these delays and potential outcomes.", "The researchers searched several electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang, CBM and VIP) for English and Chinese studies that examined time delays in the management pathway of diabetic foot.", "Two authors independently screened and extracted data, and assessed the quality of the included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Agency for Health Research and Quality checklist.", "Due to heterogeneity among the studies, descriptive analysis was performed.", "The review included 28 articles, comprising 20 cohort studies and 8 cross-sectional studies, that met the inclusion criteria.", "Among these, 14 were deemed of high quality.", "The median times from symptom onset to primary health care or specialist care varied from 3 to 46.69 days.", "The median delay in referral by primary care specialists ranged from 7 to 31 days, and subsequent median times to definitive treatment ranged from 6.2 to 56 days.", "Multiple complex factors were found to contribute to these delays, including patient demographics (older age, lower education level and income level) and poor patient health-seeking behaviors (inaccurate self-treatment, incorrect recognition and interpretation of symptoms), inaccurate assessment or initial treatment by health primary professionals, complex referral pathways and clinical characteristics of diabetic foot (number of foot ulcers, Wagner grade scale, and hemoglobin A1c index).", "Negative outcomes associated with these delays included increased risk of major amputation and mortality, decreased wound healing rate, prolonged hospital stay, and increased hospital costs.", "Time delays in the diabetic foot management pathway were both common and serious, contributing to negative health outcomes for patients with diabetic foot.", "Many complex factors related to patient's poor patient health-seeking behaviors, health system, and clinical characteristics of diabetic foot are responsible for these delays.", "Therefore, it is necessary to develop new strategies for standard referral practices and strengthen patient awareness of seeking care." ]

[ "A tibial fracture is an uncommon, yet severe injury that occurs in professional athletes within all major sports leagues.", "These injuries are often debilitating for professional athletes and can require extensive rehabilitation prior to returning to play.", "The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of a tibial fracture on athletic performance in all four major United States sports leagues.", "A publicly available professional sports database, Pro Sports Transactions, was queried for tibial injuries from January 01, 2015, to May 31, 2023.", "The search included all four major U.S. sports leagues.", "To quantify and compare athletic ability before and after injury, performance-based statistics were collected from standardized player ratings in periods surrounding the date of injury.", "The percent change in player performance was measured and stratified.", "The Pearson correlation test was used to analyze player demographics.", "There were a total of 24 professional athletes who suffered 28 confirmed tibial fractures across all leagues.", "Upon return, there was a 14.7% decrease in overall player performance across all leagues.", "National Basketball Association, National Football League, and National Hockey League athletes had a decrease of 34.5%, 29.1%, and 14.2%, respectively, following their return to play.", "Major League Baseball players demonstrated an 8.1% increase in player performance following their recovery from tibial fracture.", "Players who suffer tibial fractures often undergo immediate surgery and, in unfortunate cases, may require multiple subsequent procedures.", "Additionally, athletes spend several months recovering prior to their return.", "Upon return, athletes' performance may be decreased; however, further study is required to strengthen the association between player performance and tibial fracture recovery." ]

[ "A timely diagnosis of dementia can be beneficial for providing good support, treatment, and care, but the diagnostic rate remains unknown and is probably low.", "To determine the dementia diagnostic rate and to describe factors associated with diagnosed dementia.", "This registry linkage study linked information on research-based study diagnoses of all-cause dementia and subtypes of dementias, Alzheimer's disease, and related dementias, in 1,525 participants from a cross-sectional population-based study (HUNT4 70+) to dementia registry diagnoses in both primary-care and hospital registries.", "Factors associated with dementia were analyzed with multiple logistic regression.", "Among those with research-based dementia study diagnoses in HUNT4 70+, 35.6% had a dementia registry diagnosis in the health registries.", "The diagnostic rate in registry diagnoses was 19.8% among home-dwellers and 66.0% among nursing home residents.", "Of those with a study diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, 35.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 32.6-39.0) had a registry diagnosis; for those with a study diagnosis of vascular dementia, the rate was 25.8% (95% CI 19.2-33.3) and for Lewy body dementias and frontotemporal dementia, the diagnosis rate was 63.0% (95% CI 48.7-75.7) and 60.0% (95% CI 43.3-75.1), respectively.", "Factors associated with having a registry diagnosis included dementia in the family, not being in the youngest or oldest age group, higher education, more severe cognitive decline, and greater need for help with activities of daily living.", "Undiagnosed dementia is common, as only one-third of those with dementia are diagnosed.", "Diagnoses appear to be made at a late stage of dementia." ]

[ "A tradition that goes back to Sir Karl R. Popper assesses the value of a statistical test primarily by its severity: was there an honest and stringent attempt to prove the tested hypothesis wrong?", "For \"error statisticians\" such as Mayo (1996, 2018), and frequentists more generally, severity is a key virtue in hypothesis tests.", "Conversely, failure to incorporate severity into statistical inference, as allegedly happens in Bayesian inference, counts as a major methodological shortcoming.", "Our paper pursues a double goal: First, we argue that the error-statistical explication of severity has substantive drawbacks; specifically, the neglect of research context and the specificity of the predictions of the hypothesis.", "Second, we argue that severity matters for Bayesian inference via the value of specific, risky predictions: severity boosts the expected evidential value of a Bayesian hypothesis test.", "We illustrate severity-based reasoning in Bayesian statistics by means of a practical example and discuss its advantages and potential drawbacks." ]

[ "A validity approach is proposed that uses processing times to collect validity evidence for the construct interpretation of test scores.", "The rationale of the approach is based on current research of processing times and on classical validity approaches, providing validity evidence based on relationships with other variables.", "Within the new approach, convergent validity evidence is obtained if a component skill, that is expected to underlie the task solution process in the target construct, positively moderates the relationship between effective speed and effective ability in the corresponding target construct.", "Discriminant validity evidence is provided if a component skill, that is not expected to underlie the task solution process in the target construct, does indeed not moderate the speed-ability relation in this target construct.", "Using data from a study that follows up the German PIAAC sample, this approach was applied to reading competence, assessed with PIAAC literacy items, and to quantitative reasoning, assessed with Number Series.", "As expected from theory, the effect of speed on ability in the target construct was only moderated by the respective underlying component skill, that is, word meaning activation skill as an underlying component skill of reading competence, and perceptual speed as an underlying component skill of reasoning.", "Accordingly, no positive interactions were found for the component skill that should not underlie the task solution process, that is, word meaning activation for reasoning and perceptual speed for reading.", "Furthermore, the study shows the suitability of the proposed validation approach.", "The use of time information in association with task results brings construct validation closer to the actual response process than widely used correlations of test scores." ]

[ "A variety of deep learning-based and iterative approaches are available to predict Tracer Kinetic (TK) parameters from fully sampled or undersampled dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI data.", "However, both the methods offer distinct benefits and drawbacks.", "To propose a hybrid algorithm (named as 'Greybox'), using both model- as well as DL-based, for solving a multi-parametric non-linear inverse problem of directly estimating TK parameters from undersampled DCE MRI data, which is invariant to undersampling rate.", "The proposed algorithm was inspired by plug-and-play algorithms used for solving linear inverse imaging problems.", "This technique was tested for its effectiveness in solving the nonlinear ill-posed inverse problem of generating 3D TK parameter maps from four-dimensional (4D; Spatial + Temporal) retrospectively undersampled k-space data.", "The algorithm learns a deep learning-based prior using UNET to estimate the Ktrans$\\mathbf {K_{trans}}$ and Vp$\\mathbf {V_{p}}$ parameters based on the Patlak pharmacokinetic model, and this trained prior was utilized to estimate the TK parameter maps using an iterative gradient-based optimization scheme.", "Unlike the existing DL models, this network is invariant to the undersampling rate of the input data.", "The proposed method was compared with the total variation-based direct reconstruction technique on brain, breast, and prostate DCE-MRI datasets for various undersampling rates using the Radial Golden Angle (RGA) scheme.", "For the breast dataset, an indirect estimation using the Fast Composite Splitting algorithm was utilized for comparison.", "Undersampling rates of 8× , 12× and 20× were used for the experiments, and the results were compared using the PSNR and SSIM as metrics.", "For the breast dataset of 10 patients, data from four patients were utilized for training (1032 samples), two for validation (752 samples), and the entire volume of four patients for testing.", "Similarly, for the prostate dataset of 18 patients, 10 patients were utilized for training (720 samples), five for validation (216 samples), and the whole volume of three patients for testing.", "For the brain dataset of nineteen patients, ten patients were used for training (3152 samples), five for validation (1168 samples), and the whole volume of four patients for testing.", "Statistical tests were also conducted to assess the significance of the improvement in performance.", "The experiments showed that the proposed Greybox performs significantly better than other direct reconstruction methods.", "The proposed algorithm improved the estimated Ktrans$\\mathbf {K_{trans}}$ and Vp$\\mathbf {V_{p}}$ in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio by up to 3 dB compared to other standard reconstruction methods.", "The proposed hybrid reconstruction algorithm, Greybox, can provide state-of-the-art performance in solving the nonlinear inverse problem of DCE-MRI.", "This is also the first of its kind to utilize convolutional neural network-based encodings as part of the plug-and-play priors to improve the performance of the reconstruction algorithm." ]

[ "A wealth of data has consistently demonstrated that a diverse faculty maximizes productivity and innovation in the research enterprise and increases the persistence and success of groups that are underrepresented in STEM.", "While the diversity of students in graduate programs has steadily increased, faculty diversity, particularly in the biomedical sciences, continues to remain relatively flat.", "Several issues contribute to this mismatch between the pipeline and the professoriate including biases in search and hiring practices, lack of equity and equal opportunities for individuals from underrepresented backgrounds, and unwelcoming campus climates that lead to marginalization and isolation in academic life.", "A comprehensive approach that addresses these challenges is necessary for institutions of higher education to achieve their faculty diversity goals and create a climate where individuals from all groups feel welcomed and succeed.", "This article focuses on the first step in this approach-diversifying faculty recruitment through adopting search practices that generate an applicant pool that matches national availability, ensures equity in evaluation and hiring practices, and promotes inclusion and belonging in the hiring experience.", "These strategies have been recently used at the University of California, Irvine's School of Biological Sciences and while the long-term impact remains unknown, short-term outcomes in recruitment and hiring have demonstrated significant improvement over previous years." ]

[ "A well-functioning anti-doping system relies on being perceived by athletes as effective, fair, and practically feasible to implement.", "While research has highlighted the views of Olympic athletes on anti-doping over the past decade, the experiences and perceptions of Para athletes have not been extensively explored.", "The purpose of this study was to examine Swedish elite Para athletes' experiences and perceptions of the policy and practice of the anti-doping system.", "A quantitative cross-sectional approach was used, with a web survey elaborated from a survey with Olympic athletes adjusted for Para athletes with physical, visual, and intellectual impairments.", "The sample consisted of 66 active Para athletes competing at national or international level (response rate 71%).", "Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and differences between subgroups were examined Fisher's exact test.", "Thematic analysis was employed to analyze open-ended questions.", "Most of the respondents expressed a positive outlook on the anti-doping system, advocating for comprehensive efforts.", "A significant portion (35%) had not received anti-doping education, with those who did reporting increased confidence in avoiding unintentional doping.", "Despite their elite status, half of the respondents had not undergone doping control.", "Mistrust regarding the system's effectiveness and fairness was identified, with over half of the participants emphasizing the need for new technical solutions to enhance procedures specifically tailored for Para athletes.", "The athletes in this study advocate for a Para sports-focused approach in the anti-doping system, emphasizing equal testing opportunities, procedural adjustments for independence and privacy, and increased access to education.", "The findings illuminate the unique conditions faced by athletes with impairments within the anti-doping system, offering valuable insights for policymaking in the development of anti-doping strategies tailored to Para athletes and their various impairments." ]

[ "A well-known complication of laparoscopic management of gynaecologic masses and cancers is the need to perform an intraoperative conversion to laparotomy.", "The purpose of this study was to identify novel patient risk factors for conversion from minimally invasive to open surgeries for gynaecologic oncology operations.", "This was a retrospective cohort study of 1356 patients ≥18 years of age who underwent surgeries for gynaecologic masses or malignancies between February 2015 and May 2020 at a single academic medical centre.", "Multivariable logistic regression was used to study the effects of older age, higher body mass index (BMI), higher American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) physical status, and lower preoperative haemoglobin (Hb) on odds of converting from minimally invasive to open surgery.", "Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed the discriminatory ability of a risk prediction model for conversion.", "A total of 704 planned minimally invasive surgeries were included with an overall conversion rate of 6.1% (43/704).", "Preoperative Hb was lowest for conversion cases, compared to minimally invasive and open cases (11.6 ± 1.9 vs 12.8 ± 1.5 vs 11.8 ± 1.9 g/dL, p<.001).", "Patients with preoperative Hb <10 g/dL had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.94 (CI: 1.65-9.41, p=.002) for conversion while patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 had an adjusted OR of 2.86 (CI: 1.50-5.46, p=.001) for conversion.", "ROC curve analysis using predictive variables of age >50 years, BMI ≥30 kg/m2, ASA physical status >2, and preoperative haemoglobin <10 g/dL resulted in an area under the ROC curve of 0.71.", "Patients with 2 or more risk factors were at highest risk of requiring an intraoperative conversion (12.0%).", "Lower preoperative haemoglobin is a novel risk factor for conversion from minimally invasive to open gynaecologic oncology surgeries and stratifying patients based on conversion risk may be helpful for preoperative planning." ]

[ "A whole-of-school approach is best to promote physical activity before, during, and after school.", "However, multicomponent programming is often complex and difficult to deliver in school settings.", "There is a need to better understand how components of a whole-of-school approach are implemented in practice.", "The objectives of this mixed methods study were to: (1) qualitatively explore physical activity approaches and their implementation in elementary schools, (2) quantitatively assess implementation levels, and (3) examine associations between school-level physical activity promotion and academic ratings.", "We used an exploratory sequential mixed methods design.", "We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with elementary school staff from a Texas school district and used a directed content analysis to explore physical activity approaches and their implementation.", "Using qualitative findings, we designed a survey to quantitatively examine the implementation of physical activity approaches, which we distributed to elementary staff district wide.", "We used Pearson correlation coefficients to examine the association between the amount of physical activity opportunities present in individual schools and school-level academic ratings.", "We completed 15 interviews (7 principals/assistant principals, 4 physical educators, and 4 classroom teachers).", "Elementary school teachers and staff indicated PE and recess implementation was driven from the top-down by state and district policies, while implementation of classroom-based approaches, before and after school programming, and active transport were largely driven from the bottom-up by teachers and school leaders.", "Teachers and staff also discussed implementation challenges across approaches.", "Survey respondents (n = 247 from 22 schools) indicated 54.6% of schools were implementing ≥135 min/week of physical education and 72.7% were implementing 30 min/day of recess.", "Classroom-based approaches were less common.", "Twenty-four percent of schools reported accessible before school programs, 72.7% reported accessible after school programs, and 27% promoted active transport.", "There was a direct association between the number of physical activity opportunities provided and school-level academic ratings r(22) = 0.53, p = 0.01.", "Schools provided physical activity opportunities consistent with a whole-of-school approach, although there was variability between schools and implementation challenges were present.", "Leveraging existing school assets while providing school-specific implementation strategies may be most beneficial for supporting successful physical activity promotion in elementary schools." ]

[ "a) To evaluate the item and scale properties of the Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire (OHL-AQ) in an adult general population.", "b) To determine precision or accuracy of the respondents' estimated scores along the Oral Health Literacy (OHL) spectrum using item response theory (IRT) modeling.", "Survey data were collected from a convenience sample of 405 adult attendees of the 2014 Minnesota State Fair.", "We used the two-parameter logistic (2PL) model for the item response theory (IRT) analyses of OHL-AQ data and calibrated items to estimate model-based item difficulty and discrimination parameters.", "Item and scale properties were also assessed by plotting and interpreting item characteristic curves (ICCs), test characteristic curve (TCC), and test information function (TIF).", "Based on interpretation of model coefficients, statistical testing, and model fit criteria, we deemed the 2PL model superior and selected this model to examine item and scale properties.", "Scale reliability was shown to be good through the test information function (TIF).", "TIF from our analysis showed that higher levels of OHL were measured less precisely than lower levels of OHL.", "We demonstrated OHL-AQ as a whole has promising psychometric properties.", "However, for equiprecise measurement across the scale range, the scale needs more items for measuring higher levels of OHL." ]

[ "A1 Functional advantages of cell-type heterogeneity in neural circuits Tatyana O. Sharpee A2 Mesoscopic modeling of propagating waves in visual cortex Alain Destexhe A3 Dynamics and biomarkers of mental disorders Mitsuo Kawato F1 Precise recruitment of spiking output at theta frequencies requires dendritic h-channels in multi-compartment models of oriens-lacunosum/moleculare hippocampal interneurons Vladislav Sekulić, Frances K. Skinner F2 Kernel methods in reconstruction of current sources from extracellular potentials for single cells and the whole brains Daniel K. Wójcik, Chaitanya Chintaluri, Dorottya Cserpán, Zoltán Somogyvári F3 The synchronized periods depend on intracellular transcriptional repression mechanisms in circadian clocks.", "Jae Kyoung Kim, Zachary P. Kilpatrick, Matthew R. Bennett, Kresimir Josić O1 Assessing irregularity and coordination of spiking-bursting rhythms in central pattern generators Irene Elices, David Arroyo, Rafael Levi, Francisco B. Rodriguez, Pablo Varona O2 Regulation of top-down processing by cortically-projecting parvalbumin positive neurons in basal forebrain Eunjin Hwang, Bowon Kim, Hio-Been Han, Tae Kim, James T. McKenna, Ritchie E. Brown, Robert W. McCarley, Jee Hyun Choi O3 Modeling auditory stream segregation, build-up and bistability James Rankin, Pamela Osborn Popp, John Rinzel O4 Strong competition between tonotopic neural ensembles explains pitch-related dynamics of auditory cortex evoked fields Alejandro Tabas, André Rupp, Emili Balaguer-Ballester O5 A simple model of retinal response to multi-electrode stimulation Matias I. Maturana, David B. Grayden, Shaun L. Cloherty, Tatiana Kameneva, Michael R. Ibbotson, Hamish Meffin O6 Noise correlations in V4 area correlate with behavioral performance in visual discrimination task Veronika Koren, Timm Lochmann, Valentin Dragoi, Klaus Obermayer O7 Input-location dependent gain modulation in cerebellar nucleus neurons Maria Psarrou, Maria Schilstra, Neil Davey, Benjamin Torben-Nielsen, Volker Steuber O8 Analytic solution of cable energy function for cortical axons and dendrites Huiwen Ju, Jiao Yu, Michael L. Hines, Liang Chen, Yuguo Yu O9 C. elegans interactome: interactive visualization of Caenorhabditis elegans worm neuronal network Jimin Kim, Will Leahy, Eli Shlizerman O10 Is the model any good?", "Objective criteria for computational neuroscience model selection Justas Birgiolas, Richard C. Gerkin, Sharon M. Crook O11 Cooperation and competition of gamma oscillation mechanisms Atthaphon Viriyopase, Raoul-Martin Memmesheimer, Stan Gielen O12 A discrete structure of the brain waves Yuri Dabaghian, Justin DeVito, Luca Perotti O13 Direction-specific silencing of the Drosophila gaze stabilization system Anmo J. Kim, Lisa M. Fenk, Cheng Lyu, Gaby Maimon O14 What does the fruit fly think about values?", "A model of olfactory associative learning Chang Zhao, Yves Widmer, Simon Sprecher,Walter Senn O15 Effects of ionic diffusion on power spectra of local field potentials (LFP) Geir Halnes, Tuomo Mäki-Marttunen, Daniel Keller, Klas H. Pettersen,Ole A. Andreassen, Gaute T. Einevoll O16 Large-scale cortical models towards understanding relationship between brain structure abnormalities and cognitive deficits Yasunori Yamada O17 Spatial coarse-graining the brain: origin of minicolumns Moira L. Steyn-Ross, D. Alistair Steyn-Ross O18 Modeling large-scale cortical networks with laminar structure Jorge F. Mejias, John D. Murray, Henry Kennedy, Xiao-Jing Wang O19 Information filtering by partial synchronous spikes in a neural population Alexandra Kruscha, Jan Grewe, Jan Benda, Benjamin Lindner O20 Decoding context-dependent olfactory valence in Drosophila Laurent Badel, Kazumi Ohta, Yoshiko Tsuchimoto, Hokto Kazama P1 Neural network as a scale-free network: the role of a hub B. Kahng P2 Hemodynamic responses to emotions and decisions using near-infrared spectroscopy optical imaging Nicoladie D. Tam P3 Phase space analysis of hemodynamic responses to intentional movement directions using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) optical imaging technique Nicoladie D.Tam, Luca Pollonini, George Zouridakis P4 Modeling jamming avoidance of weakly electric fish Jaehyun Soh, DaeEun Kim P5 Synergy and redundancy of retinal ganglion cells in prediction Minsu Yoo, S. E. Palmer P6 A neural field model with a third dimension representing cortical depth Viviana Culmone, Ingo Bojak P7 Network analysis of a probabilistic connectivity model of the Xenopus tadpole spinal cord Andrea Ferrario, Robert Merrison-Hort, Roman Borisyuk P8 The recognition dynamics in the brain Chang Sub Kim P9 Multivariate spike train analysis using a positive definite kernel Taro Tezuka P10 Synchronization of burst periods may govern slow brain dynamics during general anesthesia Pangyu Joo P11 The ionic basis of heterogeneity affects stochastic synchrony Young-Ah Rho, Shawn D. Burton, G. Bard Ermentrout, Jaeseung Jeong, Nathaniel N. Urban P12 Circular statistics of noise in spike trains with a periodic component Petr Marsalek P14 Representations of directions in EEG-BCI using Gaussian readouts Hoon-Hee Kim, Seok-hyun Moon, Do-won Lee, Sung-beom Lee, Ji-yong Lee, Jaeseung Jeong P15 Action selection and reinforcement learning in basal ganglia during reaching movements Yaroslav I. Molkov, Khaldoun Hamade, Wondimu Teka, William H. Barnett, Taegyo Kim, Sergey Markin, Ilya A. Rybak P17 Axon guidance: modeling axonal growth in T-Junction assay Csaba Forro, Harald Dermutz, László Demkó, János Vörös P19 Transient cell assembly networks encode persistent spatial memories Yuri Dabaghian, Andrey Babichev P20 Theory of population coupling and applications to describe high order correlations in large populations of interacting neurons Haiping Huang P21 Design of biologically-realistic simulations for motor control Sergio Verduzco-Flores P22 Towards understanding the functional impact of the behavioural variability of neurons Filipa Dos Santos, Peter Andras P23 Different oscillatory dynamics underlying gamma entrainment deficits in schizophrenia Christoph Metzner, Achim Schweikard, Bartosz Zurowski P24 Memory recall and spike frequency adaptation James P. Roach, Leonard M. Sander, Michal R. Zochowski P25 Stability of neural networks and memory consolidation preferentially occur near criticality Quinton M. Skilling, Nicolette Ognjanovski, Sara J. Aton, Michal Zochowski P26 Stochastic Oscillation in Self-Organized Critical States of Small Systems: Sensitive Resting State in Neural Systems Sheng-Jun Wang, Guang Ouyang, Jing Guang, Mingsha Zhang, K. Y. Michael Wong, Changsong Zhou P27 Neurofield: a C++ library for fast simulation of 2D neural field models Peter A. Robinson, Paula Sanz-Leon, Peter M. Drysdale, Felix Fung, Romesh G. Abeysuriya, Chris J. Rennie, Xuelong Zhao P28 Action-based grounding: Beyond encoding/decoding in neural code Yoonsuck Choe, Huei-Fang Yang P29 Neural computation in a dynamical system with multiple time scales Yuanyuan Mi, Xiaohan Lin, Si Wu P30 Maximum entropy models for 3D layouts of orientation selectivity Joscha Liedtke, Manuel Schottdorf, Fred Wolf P31 A behavioral assay for probing computations underlying curiosity in rodents Yoriko Yamamura, Jeffery R. Wickens P32 Using statistical sampling to balance error function contributions to optimization of conductance-based models Timothy Rumbell, Julia Ramsey, Amy Reyes, Danel Draguljić, Patrick R. Hof, Jennifer Luebke, Christina M. Weaver P33 Exploration and implementation of a self-growing and self-organizing neuron network building algorithm Hu He, Xu Yang, Hailin Ma, Zhiheng Xu, Yuzhe Wang P34 Disrupted resting state brain network in obese subjects: a data-driven graph theory analysis Kwangyeol Baek, Laurel S. Morris, Prantik Kundu, Valerie Voon P35 Dynamics of cooperative excitatory and inhibitory plasticity Everton J. Agnes, Tim P. Vogels P36 Frequency-dependent oscillatory signal gating in feed-forward networks of integrate-and-fire neurons William F. Podlaski, Tim P. Vogels P37 Phenomenological neural model for adaptation of neurons in area IT Martin Giese, Pradeep Kuravi, Rufin Vogels P38 ICGenealogy: towards a common topology of neuronal ion channel function and genealogy in model and experiment Alexander Seeholzer, William Podlaski, Rajnish Ranjan, Tim Vogels P39 Temporal input discrimination from the interaction between dynamic synapses and neural subthreshold oscillations Joaquin J. Torres, Fabiano Baroni, Roberto Latorre, Pablo Varona P40 Different roles for transient and sustained activity during active visual processing Bart Gips, Eric Lowet, Mark J. Roberts, Peter de Weerd, Ole Jensen, Jan van der Eerden P41 Scale-free functional networks of 2D Ising model are highly robust against structural defects: neuroscience implications Abdorreza Goodarzinick, Mohammad D. Niry, Alireza Valizadeh P42 High frequency neuron can facilitate propagation of signal in neural networks Aref Pariz, Shervin S. Parsi, Alireza Valizadeh P43 Investigating the effect of Alzheimer’s disease related amyloidopathy on gamma oscillations in the CA1 region of the hippocampus Julia M. Warburton, Lucia Marucci, Francesco Tamagnini, Jon Brown, Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova P44 Long-tailed distributions of inhibitory and excitatory weights in a balanced network with eSTDP and iSTDP Florence I. Kleberg, Jochen Triesch P45 Simulation of EMG recording from hand muscle due to TMS of motor cortex Bahar Moezzi, Nicolangelo Iannella, Natalie Schaworonkow, Lukas Plogmacher, Mitchell R. Goldsworthy, Brenton Hordacre, Mark D. McDonnell, Michael C. Ridding, Jochen Triesch P46 Structure and dynamics of axon network formed in primary cell culture Martin Zapotocky, Daniel Smit, Coralie Fouquet, Alain Trembleau P47 Efficient signal processing and sampling in random networks that generate variability Sakyasingha Dasgupta, Isao Nishikawa, Kazuyuki Aihara, Taro Toyoizumi P48 Modeling the effect of riluzole on bursting in respiratory neural networks Daniel T. Robb, Nick Mellen, Natalia Toporikova P49 Mapping relaxation training using effective connectivity analysis Rongxiang Tang, Yi-Yuan Tang P50 Modeling neuron oscillation of implicit sequence learning Guangsheng Liang, Seth A. Kiser, James H. Howard, Jr., Yi-Yuan Tang P51 The role of cerebellar short-term synaptic plasticity in the pathology and medication of downbeat nystagmus Julia Goncharenko, Neil Davey, Maria Schilstra, Volker Steuber P52 Nonlinear response of noisy neurons Sergej O. Voronenko, Benjamin Lindner P53 Behavioral embedding suggests multiple chaotic dimensions underlie C. elegans locomotion Tosif Ahamed, Greg Stephens P54 Fast and scalable spike sorting for large and dense multi-electrodes recordings Pierre Yger, Baptiste Lefebvre, Giulia Lia Beatrice Spampinato, Elric Esposito, Marcel Stimberg et Olivier Marre P55 Sufficient sampling rates for fast hand motion tracking Hansol Choi, Min-Ho Song P56 Linear readout of object manifolds SueYeon Chung, Dan D. Lee, Haim Sompolinsky P57 Differentiating models of intrinsic bursting and rhythm generation of the respiratory pre-Bötzinger complex using phase response curves Ryan S. Phillips, Jeffrey Smith P58 The effect of inhibitory cell network interactions during theta rhythms on extracellular field potentials in CA1 hippocampus Alexandra Pierri Chatzikalymniou, Katie Ferguson, Frances K. Skinner P59 Expansion recoding through sparse sampling in the cerebellar input layer speeds learning N. Alex Cayco Gajic, Claudia Clopath, R. Angus Silver P60 A set of curated cortical models at multiple scales on Open Source Brain Padraig Gleeson, Boris Marin, Sadra Sadeh, Adrian Quintana, Matteo Cantarelli, Salvador Dura-Bernal, William W. Lytton, Andrew Davison, R. Angus Silver P61 A synaptic story of dynamical information encoding in neural adaptation Luozheng Li, Wenhao Zhang, Yuanyuan Mi, Dahui Wang, Si Wu P62 Physical modeling of rule-observant rodent behavior Youngjo Song, Sol Park, Ilhwan Choi, Jaeseung Jeong, Hee-sup Shin P64 Predictive coding in area V4 and prefrontal cortex explains dynamic discrimination of partially occluded shapes Hannah Choi, Anitha Pasupathy, Eric Shea-Brown P65 Stability of FORCE learning on spiking and rate-based networks Dongsung Huh, Terrence J. Sejnowski P66 Stabilising STDP in striatal neurons for reliable fast state recognition in noisy environments Simon M. Vogt, Arvind Kumar, Robert Schmidt P67 Electrodiffusion in one- and two-compartment neuron models for characterizing cellular effects of electrical stimulation Stephen Van Wert, Steven J. Schiff P68 STDP improves speech recognition capabilities in spiking recurrent circuits parameterized via differential evolution Markov Chain Monte Carlo Richard Veale, Matthias Scheutz P69 Bidirectional transformation between dominant cortical neural activities and phase difference distributions Sang Wan Lee P70 Maturation of sensory networks through homeostatic structural plasticity Júlia Gallinaro, Stefan Rotter P71 Corticothalamic dynamics: structure, number of solutions and stability of steady-state solutions in the space of synaptic couplings Paula Sanz-Leon, Peter A. Robinson P72 Optogenetic versus electrical stimulation of the parkinsonian basal ganglia.", "Computational study Leonid L. Rubchinsky, Chung Ching Cheung, Shivakeshavan Ratnadurai-Giridharan P73 Exact spike-timing distribution reveals higher-order interactions of neurons Safura Rashid Shomali, Majid Nili Ahmadabadi, Hideaki Shimazaki, S. Nader Rasuli P74 Neural mechanism of visual perceptual learning using a multi-layered neural network Xiaochen Zhao, Malte J. Rasch P75 Inferring collective spiking dynamics from mostly unobserved systems Jens Wilting, Viola Priesemann P76 How to infer distributions in the brain from subsampled observations Anna Levina, Viola Priesemann P77 Influences of embedding and estimation strategies on the inferred memory of single spiking neurons Lucas Rudelt, Joseph T. Lizier, Viola Priesemann P78 A nearest-neighbours based estimator for transfer entropy between spike trains Joseph T. Lizier, Richard E. Spinney, Mikail Rubinov, Michael Wibral, Viola Priesemann P79 Active learning of psychometric functions with multinomial logistic models Ji Hyun Bak, Jonathan Pillow P81 Inferring low-dimensional network dynamics with variational latent Gaussian process Yuan Zaho, Il Memming Park P82 Computational investigation of energy landscapes in the resting state subcortical brain network Jiyoung Kang, Hae-Jeong Park P83 Local repulsive interaction between retinal ganglion cells can generate a consistent spatial periodicity of orientation map Jaeson Jang, Se-Bum Paik P84 Phase duration of bistable perception reveals intrinsic time scale of perceptual decision under noisy condition Woochul Choi, Se-Bum Paik P85 Feedforward convergence between retina and primary visual cortex can determine the structure of orientation map Changju Lee, Jaeson Jang, Se-Bum Paik P86 Computational method classifying neural network activity patterns for imaging data Min Song, Hyeonsu Lee, Se-Bum Paik P87 Symmetry of spike-timing-dependent-plasticity kernels regulates volatility of memory Youngjin Park, Woochul Choi, Se-Bum Paik P88 Effects of time-periodic coupling strength on the first-spike latency dynamics of a scale-free network of stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley neurons Ergin Yilmaz, Veli Baysal, Mahmut Ozer P89 Spectral properties of spiking responses in V1 and V4 change within the trial and are highly relevant for behavioral performance Veronika Koren, Klaus Obermayer P90 Methods for building accurate models of individual neurons Daniel Saska, Thomas Nowotny P91 A full size mathematical model of the early olfactory system of honeybees Ho Ka Chan, Alan Diamond, Thomas Nowotny P92 Stimulation-induced tuning of ongoing oscillations in spiking neural networks Christoph S. Herrmann, Micah M. Murray, Silvio Ionta, Axel Hutt, Jérémie Lefebvre P93 Decision-specific sequences of neural activity in balanced random networks driven by structured sensory input Philipp Weidel, Renato Duarte, Abigail Morrison P94 Modulation of tuning induced by abrupt reduction of SST cell activity Jung H. Lee, Ramakrishnan Iyer, Stefan Mihalas P95 The functional role of VIP cell activation during locomotion Jung H. Lee, Ramakrishnan Iyer, Christof Koch, Stefan Mihalas P96 Stochastic inference with spiking neural networks Mihai A. Petrovici, Luziwei Leng, Oliver Breitwieser, David Stöckel, Ilja Bytschok, Roman Martel, Johannes Bill, Johannes Schemmel, Karlheinz Meier P97 Modeling orientation-selective electrical stimulation with retinal prostheses Timothy B. Esler, Anthony N. Burkitt, David B. Grayden, Robert R. Kerr, Bahman Tahayori, Hamish Meffin P98 Ion channel noise can explain firing correlation in auditory nerves Bahar Moezzi, Nicolangelo Iannella, Mark D. McDonnell P99 Limits of temporal encoding of thalamocortical inputs in a neocortical microcircuit Max Nolte, Michael W. Reimann, Eilif Muller, Henry Markram P100 On the representation of arm reaching movements: a computational model Antonio Parziale, Rosa Senatore, Angelo Marcelli P101 A computational model for investigating the role of cerebellum in acquisition and retention of motor behavior Rosa Senatore, Antonio Parziale, Angelo Marcelli P102 The emergence of semantic categories from a large-scale brain network of semantic knowledge K. Skiker, M. Maouene P103 Multiscale modeling of M1 multitarget pharmacotherapy for dystonia Samuel A. Neymotin, Salvador Dura-Bernal, Alexandra Seidenstein, Peter Lakatos, Terence D. Sanger, William W. Lytton P104 Effect of network size on computational capacity Salvador Dura-Bernal, Rosemary J. Menzies, Campbell McLauchlan, Sacha J. van Albada, David J. Kedziora, Samuel Neymotin, William W. Lytton, Cliff C. Kerr P105 NetPyNE: a Python package for NEURON to facilitate development and parallel simulation of biological neuronal networks Salvador Dura-Bernal, Benjamin A. Suter, Samuel A. Neymotin, Cliff C. Kerr, Adrian Quintana, Padraig Gleeson, Gordon M. G. Shepherd, William W. Lytton P107 Inter-areal and inter-regional inhomogeneity in co-axial anisotropy of Cortical Point Spread in human visual areas Juhyoung Ryu, Sang-Hun Lee P108 Two bayesian quanta of uncertainty explain the temporal dynamics of cortical activity in the non-sensory areas during bistable perception Joonwon Lee, Sang-Hun Lee P109 Optimal and suboptimal integration of sensory and value information in perceptual decision making Hyang Jung Lee, Sang-Hun Lee P110 A Bayesian algorithm for phoneme Perception and its neural implementation Daeseob Lim, Sang-Hun Lee P111 Complexity of EEG signals is reduced during unconsciousness induced by ketamine and propofol Jisung Wang, Heonsoo Lee P112 Self-organized criticality of neural avalanche in a neural model on complex networks Nam Jung, Le Anh Quang, Seung Eun Maeng, Tae Ho Lee, Jae Woo Lee P113 Dynamic alterations in connection topology of the hippocampal network during ictal-like epileptiform activity in an in vitro rat model Chang-hyun Park, Sora Ahn, Jangsup Moon, Yun Seo Choi, Juhee Kim, Sang Beom Jun, Seungjun Lee, Hyang Woon Lee P114 Computational model to replicate seizure suppression effect by electrical stimulation Sora Ahn, Sumin Jo, Eunji Jun, Suin Yu, Hyang Woon Lee, Sang Beom Jun, Seungjun Lee P115 Identifying excitatory and inhibitory synapses in neuronal networks from spike trains using sorted local transfer entropy Felix Goetze, Pik-Yin Lai P116 Neural network model for obstacle avoidance based on neuromorphic computational model of boundary vector cell and head direction cell Seonghyun Kim, Jeehyun Kwag P117 Dynamic gating of spike pattern propagation by Hebbian and anti-Hebbian spike timing-dependent plasticity in excitatory feedforward network model Hyun Jae Jang, Jeehyun Kwag P118 Inferring characteristics of input correlations of cells exhibiting up-down state transitions in the rat striatum Marko Filipović, Ramon Reig, Ad Aertsen, Gilad Silberberg, Arvind Kumar P119 Graph properties of the functional connected brain under the influence of Alzheimer’s disease Claudia Bachmann, Simone Buttler, Heidi Jacobs, Kim Dillen, Gereon R. Fink, Juraj Kukolja, Abigail Morrison P120 Learning sparse representations in the olfactory bulb Daniel Kepple, Hamza Giaffar, Dima Rinberg, Steven Shea, Alex Koulakov P121 Functional classification of homologous basal-ganglia networks Jyotika Bahuguna,Tom Tetzlaff, Abigail Morrison, Arvind Kumar, Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski P122 Short term memory based on multistability Tim Kunze, Andre Peterson, Thomas Knösche P123 A physiologically plausible, computationally efficient model and simulation software for mammalian motor units Minjung Kim, Hojeong Kim P125 Decoding laser-induced somatosensory information from EEG Ji Sung Park, Ji Won Yeon, Sung-Phil Kim P126 Phase synchronization of alpha activity for EEG-based personal authentication Jae-Hwan Kang, Chungho Lee, Sung-Phil Kim P129 Investigating phase-lags in sEEG data using spatially distributed time delays in a large-scale brain network model Andreas Spiegler, Spase Petkoski, Matias J. Palva, Viktor K. Jirsa P130 Epileptic seizures in the unfolding of a codimension-3 singularity Maria L. Saggio, Silvan F. Siep, Andreas Spiegler, William C. Stacey, Christophe Bernard, Viktor K. Jirsa P131 Incremental dimensional exploratory reasoning under multi-dimensional environment Oh-hyeon Choung, Yong Jeong P132 A low-cost model of eye movements and memory in personal visual cognition Yong-il Lee, Jaeseung Jeong P133 Complex network analysis of structural connectome of autism spectrum disorder patients Su Hyun Kim, Mir Jeong, Jaeseung Jeong P134 Cognitive motives and the neural correlates underlying human social information transmission, gossip Jeungmin Lee, Jaehyung Kwon, Jerald D. Kralik, Jaeseung Jeong P135 EEG hyperscanning detects neural oscillation for the social interaction during the economic decision-making Jaehwan Jahng, Dong-Uk Hwang, Jaeseung Jeong P136 Detecting purchase decision based on hyperfrontality of the EEG Jae-Hyung Kwon, Sang-Min Park, Jaeseung Jeong P137 Vulnerability-based critical neurons, synapses, and pathways in the Caenorhabditis elegans connectome Seongkyun Kim, Hyoungkyu Kim, Jerald D. Kralik, Jaeseung Jeong P138 Motif analysis reveals functionally asymmetrical neurons in C. elegans Pyeong Soo Kim, Seongkyun Kim, Hyoungkyu Kim, Jaeseung Jeong P139 Computational approach to preference-based serial decision dynamics: do temporal discounting and working memory affect it?", "Sangsup Yoon, Jaehyung Kwon, Sewoong Lim, Jaeseung Jeong P141 Social stress induced neural network reconfiguration affects decision making and learning in zebrafish Choongseok Park, Thomas Miller, Katie Clements, Sungwoo Ahn, Eoon Hye Ji, Fadi A. Issa P142 Descriptive, generative, and hybrid approaches for neural connectivity inference from neural activity data JeongHun Baek, Shigeyuki Oba, Junichiro Yoshimoto, Kenji Doya, Shin Ishii P145 Divergent-convergent synaptic connectivities accelerate coding in multilayered sensory systems Thiago S. Mosqueiro, Martin F. Strube-Bloss, Brian Smith, Ramon Huerta P146 Swinging networks Michal Hadrava, Jaroslav Hlinka P147 Inferring dynamically relevant motifs from oscillatory stimuli: challenges, pitfalls, and solutions Hannah Bos, Moritz Helias P148 Spatiotemporal mapping of brain network dynamics during cognitive tasks using magnetoencephalography and deep learning Charles M. Welzig, Zachary J. Harper P149 Multiscale complexity analysis for the segmentation of MRI images Won Sup Kim, In-Seob Shin, Hyeon-Man Baek, Seung Kee Han P150 A neuro-computational model of emotional attention René Richter, Julien Vitay, Frederick Beuth, Fred H. Hamker P151 Multi-site delayed feedback stimulation in parkinsonian networks Kelly Toppin, Yixin Guo P152 Bistability in Hodgkin–Huxley-type equations Tatiana Kameneva, Hamish Meffin, Anthony N. Burkitt, David B. Grayden P153 Phase changes in postsynaptic spiking due to synaptic connectivity and short term plasticity: mathematical analysis of frequency dependency Mark D. McDonnell, Bruce P. Graham P154 Quantifying resilience patterns in brain networks: the importance of directionality Penelope J. Kale, Leonardo L. Gollo P155 Dynamics of rate-model networks with separate excitatory and inhibitory populations Merav Stern, L. F. Abbott P156 A model for multi-stable dynamics in action recognition modulated by integration of silhouette and shading cues Leonid A. Fedorov, Martin A. Giese P157 Spiking model for the interaction between action recognition and action execution Mohammad Hovaidi Ardestani, Martin Giese P158 Surprise-modulated belief update: how to learn within changing environments?", "Mohammad Javad Faraji, Kerstin Preuschoff, Wulfram Gerstner P159 A fast, stochastic and adaptive model of auditory nerve responses to cochlear implant stimulation Margriet J. van Gendt, Jeroen J. Briaire, Randy K. Kalkman, Johan H. M. Frijns P160 Quantitative comparison of graph theoretical measures of simulated and empirical functional brain networks Won Hee Lee, Sophia Frangou P161 Determining discriminative properties of fMRI signals in schizophrenia using highly comparative time-series analysis Ben D. Fulcher, Patricia H. P. Tran, Alex Fornito P162 Emergence of narrowband LFP oscillations from completely asynchronous activity during seizures and high-frequency oscillations Stephen V. Gliske, William C. Stacey, Eugene Lim, Katherine A. Holman, Christian G. Fink P163 Neuronal diversity in structure and function: cross-validation of anatomical and physiological classification of retinal ganglion cells in the mouse Jinseop S. Kim, Shang Mu, Kevin L. Briggman, H. Sebastian Seung, the EyeWirers P164 Analysis and modelling of transient firing rate changes in area MT in response to rapid stimulus feature changes Detlef Wegener, Lisa Bohnenkamp, Udo A. Ernst P165 Step-wise model fitting accounting for high-resolution spatial measurements: construction of a layer V pyramidal cell model with reduced morphology Tuomo Mäki-Marttunen, Geir Halnes, Anna Devor, Christoph Metzner, Anders M. Dale, Ole A. Andreassen, Gaute T. Einevoll P166 Contributions of schizophrenia-associated genes to neuron firing and cardiac pacemaking: a polygenic modeling approach Tuomo Mäki-Marttunen, Glenn T. Lines, Andy Edwards, Aslak Tveito, Anders M. Dale, Gaute T. Einevoll, Ole A. Andreassen P167 Local field potentials in a 4 × 4 mm2 multi-layered network model Espen Hagen, Johanna Senk, Sacha J. van Albada, Markus Diesmann P168 A spiking network model explains multi-scale properties of cortical dynamics Maximilian Schmidt, Rembrandt Bakker, Kelly Shen, Gleb Bezgin, Claus-Christian Hilgetag, Markus Diesmann, Sacha Jennifer van Albada P169 Using joint weight-delay spike-timing dependent plasticity to find polychronous neuronal groups Haoqi Sun, Olga Sourina, Guang-Bin Huang, Felix Klanner, Cornelia Denk P170 Tensor decomposition reveals RSNs in simulated resting state fMRI Katharina Glomb, Adrián Ponce-Alvarez, Matthieu Gilson, Petra Ritter, Gustavo Deco P171 Getting in the groove: testing a new model-based method for comparing task-evoked vs resting-state activity in fMRI data on music listening Matthieu Gilson, Maria AG Witek, Eric F. Clarke, Mads Hansen, Mikkel Wallentin, Gustavo Deco, Morten L. Kringelbach, Peter Vuust P172 STochastic engine for pathway simulation (STEPS) on massively parallel processors Guido Klingbeil, Erik De Schutter P173 Toolkit support for complex parallel spatial stochastic reaction–diffusion simulation in STEPS Weiliang Chen, Erik De Schutter P174 Modeling the generation and propagation of Purkinje cell dendritic spikes caused by parallel fiber synaptic input Yunliang Zang, Erik De Schutter P175 Dendritic morphology determines how dendrites are organized into functional subunits Sungho Hong, Akira Takashima, Erik De Schutter P176 A model of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity in long term depression at Purkinje cells Criseida Zamora, Andrew R. Gallimore, Erik De Schutter P177 Reward-modulated learning of population-encoded vectors for insect-like navigation in embodied agents Dennis Goldschmidt, Poramate Manoonpong, Sakyasingha Dasgupta P178 Data-driven neural models part II: connectivity patterns of human seizures Philippa J. Karoly, Dean R. Freestone, Daniel Soundry, Levin Kuhlmann, Liam Paninski, Mark Cook P179 Data-driven neural models part I: state and parameter estimation Dean R. Freestone, Philippa J. Karoly, Daniel Soundry, Levin Kuhlmann, Mark Cook P180 Spectral and spatial information processing in human auditory streaming Jaejin Lee, Yonatan I. Fishman, Yale E. Cohen P181 A tuning curve for the global effects of local perturbations in neural activity: Mapping the systems-level susceptibility of the brain Leonardo L. Gollo, James A. Roberts, Luca Cocchi P182 Diverse homeostatic responses to visual deprivation mediated by neural ensembles Yann Sweeney, Claudia Clopath P183 Opto-EEG: a novel method for investigating functional connectome in mouse brain based on optogenetics and high density electroencephalography Soohyun Lee, Woo-Sung Jung, Jee Hyun Choi P184 Biphasic responses of frontal gamma network to repetitive sleep deprivation during REM sleep Bowon Kim, Youngsoo Kim, Eunjin Hwang, Jee Hyun Choi P185 Brain-state correlate and cortical connectivity for frontal gamma oscillations in top-down fashion assessed by auditory steady-state response Younginha Jung, Eunjin Hwang, Yoon-Kyu Song, Jee Hyun Choi P186 Neural field model of localized orientation selective activation in V1 James Rankin, Frédéric Chavane P187 An oscillatory network model of Head direction and Grid cells using locomotor inputs Karthik Soman, Vignesh Muralidharan, V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy P188 A computational model of hippocampus inspired by the functional architecture of basal ganglia Karthik Soman, Vignesh Muralidharan, V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy P189 A computational architecture to model the microanatomy of the striatum and its functional properties Sabyasachi Shivkumar, Vignesh Muralidharan, V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy P190 A scalable cortico-basal ganglia model to understand the neural dynamics of targeted reaching Vignesh Muralidharan, Alekhya Mandali, B. Pragathi Priyadharsini, Hima Mehta, V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy P191 Emergence of radial orientation selectivity from synaptic plasticity Catherine E. Davey, David B. Grayden, Anthony N. Burkitt P192 How do hidden units shape effective connections between neurons?", "Braden A. W. Brinkman, Tyler Kekona, Fred Rieke, Eric Shea-Brown, Michael Buice P193 Characterization of neural firing in the presence of astrocyte-synapse signaling Maurizio De Pittà, Hugues Berry, Nicolas Brunel P194 Metastability of spatiotemporal patterns in a large-scale network model of brain dynamics James A. Roberts, Leonardo L. Gollo, Michael Breakspear P195 Comparison of three methods to quantify detection and discrimination capacity estimated from neural population recordings Gary Marsat, Jordan Drew, Phillip D. Chapman, Kevin C. Daly, Samual P. Bradley P196 Quantifying the constraints for independent evoked and spontaneous NMDA receptor mediated synaptic transmission at individual synapses Sat Byul Seo, Jianzhong Su, Ege T. Kavalali, Justin Blackwell P199 Gamma oscillation via adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire neurons LieJune Shiau, Laure Buhry, Kanishka Basnayake P200 Visual face representations during memory retrieval compared to perception Sue-Hyun Lee, Brandon A.", "Levy, Chris I. Baker P201 Top-down modulation of sequential activity within packets modeled using avalanche dynamics Timothée Leleu, Kazuyuki Aihara Q28 An auto-encoder network realizes sparse features under the influence of desynchronized vascular dynamics Ryan T. Philips, Karishma Chhabria, V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy" ]

[ "Abdominal cocoon syndrome (ACS), or sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in which the bowel and internal abdominal organs are wrapped with a fibrocollagenous cocoon-like encapsulating membrane.", "While cocooning of the abdomen primarily manifests in individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), it has also been reported to occur spontaneously.", "Remarkably rare, SEP may present with complete mechanical bowel obstruction in select cases.", "We hereby report a case of an 87-year-old female patient with a prior history of abdominal surgery, who presented to our emergency department with a clinical picture of complete small bowel obstruction.", "Clinical and radiological data were suggestive of a strangulated midline hernia, prompting a therapeutic laparotomy.", "The surgical exploration revealed the encasement of the small bowel loops within a thick fibrocollagenous membrane.", "Efficient resolution was achieved through skillful adhesiolysis and the meticulous excision of the fibrocollagenous membrane.", "SEP is more prevalent in men, with a higher incidence observed in tropical and subtropical countries.", "While the precise pathophysiology remains elusive, it is hypothesized that subclinical intraabdominal inflammation gives rise to the formation of a dense fibrocollagenous membrane.", "This membrane encapsulates intraperitoneal organs, ultimately leading to intestinal obstruction.", "Patients typically present with a recurrent history of small bowel obstruction, notably in the absence of prior abdominal surgery.", "Abdominal CT scan with experienced radiologist interpretation can aid in preoperative diagnosis.", "In cases where non-operative management fails and recurrent obstructions persist, surgical adhesiolysis stands as the well-established gold standard.", "SEP is a rare abdominal disease, posing challenges for preoperative diagnosis.", "Laparotomy plays an important role in its diagnosis and treatment.", "The primary objective of the surgical intervention is to release the encapsulation of the bowel and safeguard the optimal functioning of the small intestines as much as possible." ]

[ "Ability to focus on development of students' team communication and non-technical skills may be reduced in content saturated nursing curricula.", "Even when communication and simulation-based education is provided, students' utilisation of non-technical skills remains challenging.", "Although simulation is a recognised means to learn communication skills, little is known about nursing students' team communication in simulated settings.", "To understand the process by which final year undergraduate nursing students communicate in simulated team emergencies.", "Using constructivist grounded theory, data was collected using semi-structured interviews and student observations and analysed using constant comparative analysis.", "Simulation laboratories in one university nursing school in Australia.", "21 final year nursing students in seven teams.", "Data were gathered from interviews and video observations of final year nursing students during simulated team emergencies.", "Interview data and observations of video-recordings revealed contextual determinants that influence communication within teams: the simulation context, the student context and the team context.", "Team member characteristics, such as cultural and linguistic background, life experiences, gender and age, the ability to shift from leadership to followership as well as environmental factors such as mask wearing and simulation fidelity, contributed to uncertainty in communicating that nursing team effectiveness.", "Improvement of contextual conditions necessitates implementation of supportive strategies.", "These include development of educational initiatives, and further research in experiential learning as a modality for learners to experience team communication.", "Further, simulation context, student context and team context are important considerations.", "Meeting clinical communication learning needs of students allows better preparation to care for deteriorating patients as graduates." ]

[ "About 50%-60% of all cancer cases will require radiotherapy during their treatment.", "Nonetheless, radiotherapy facilities are limited in low- and middle-income countries and despite high cancer burden in these regions of the world, only 5% have access to radiation therapy.", "This study identified the location of radiotherapy centers, the types of radiotherapy machines available and the personnel available in each radiotherapy center in Nigeria.", "A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria from May 2020 to April 2021.", "A questionnaire having sections on facility profile, status of facility, and human resources, was used to elucidate information for the study.", "Descriptive statistics (frequency and proportion) were used to describe facilities' characteristics, status, and human resources available.", "Out of nine radiotherapy centers evaluated, the majority 33.3% (n = 3) were found in the southwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria.", "Out of 10 equipment and accessories evaluated for availability, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital and University of Benin Teaching Hospital had the highest number of available equipment and accessories 90% (n = 9) each respectively.", "Out of the nine centers evaluated, only four centers had at least one functional equipment.", "The highest number 64.3% (n = 9) out of the 14 required number of staff in each center was found at University College Hospital.", "Out of 31 medical physicists identified, the majority 22.6% (n = 7) was found at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital.", "A high percentage of radiotherapy centers in Nigeria lacks the equipment and manpower to function optimally and is located within the southwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria.", "Therefore, proper investment in the radiotherapy service through private-public partnership, staff training, and equipment upgrade and maintenance could substantially improve the state of cancer care." ]

[ "About 9 million nurses will be needed by 2030.", "To face these unprecedented times, governments/institutions focus on educating as many nursing students as possible.", "This strategy is clouded by burnout and lack of both health and well-being among students and by the fact that personality is one of the major determinants of these health outcomes.", "Nevertheless, recent findings show that personality is a complex adaptive system (i,e., nonlinear) and that combinations of people's temperament and character traits (i.e., joint personality networks) might provide further information to understand its development, academic burnout, and lack of health and well-being.", "Our aims were to investigate the linear relationship between nursing students' personality, burnout, health, and well-being; investigate the linear mediational effects of personality and burnout on health and well-being; and investigate differences in these health outcomes between/within students with distinct joint personality networks (i.e., nonlinear relationships).", "Swedish nursing students (189 women, 29 men) responded to the Temperament and Character Inventory, The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey for Students, and the Public Health Surveillance Well-Being Scale.", "We conducted correlation analyses and Structural Equation Modeling and, for the nonlinear relationships, Latent Profile Analysis and Latent Class Analysis for clustering and then Analyses of Variance for differences in health outcomes between/within students with distinct personality networks.", "This study was not pre-registered.", "High levels of health and well-being and low burnout symptoms (low Emotional Exhaustion, low Cynicism, and high Academic Efficacy) were associated with low Harm Avoidance and high Self-Directedness.", "Some personality traits were associated with specific health outcomes (e.g., high Self-Transcendence-high Emotional Exhaustion and high Persistence-high Academic Efficacy) and their effects on health and well-being were mediated by specific burnout symptoms.", "Cynicism and Emotional Exhaustion predicted low levels of health and well-being, Academic Efficacy predicted high levels, and Cynicism lead both directly and indirectly to low levels of health and well-being through Emotional Exhaustion.", "We found two joint personality networks: students with an Organized/Reliable combination who reported being less emotionally exhausted by their studies, less cynical towards education, higher self-efficacy regarding their academic work/skills, and better health and well-being compared to nursing students with an Emotional/Unreliable combination.", "The coherence of temperament-character, rather than single traits, seems to determine students' health outcomes.", "Thus, nursing education might need to focus on helping students to develop professional skills and health-related abilities (e.g., self-acceptance and spiritual-acceptance), by supporting self-awareness." ]

[ "About one-third of caregivers of pediatric or adolescent growth hormone deficiency (pGHD) patients in Japan have reported poor treatment adherence.", "However, few studies have examined factors related to adherence for that group.", "The aim of this study is to consider factors related to poor adherence to daily treatment among caregivers of pGHD patients in Japan.", "A cross-sectional survey was conducted among caregivers of pGHD patients in Japan.", "Caregivers were asked about demographic and treatment characteristics, health literacy, treatment satisfaction, opinions about treatment, and treatment adherence.", "Health literacy was assessed using the 14-item health literacy scale (HLS-14).", "Adherence was assessed using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).", "Statistical association with adherence was considered using Chi-square and Student's t-testing.", "An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and K-means cluster analysis was conducted to consider the influence of treatment satisfaction and opinions concerning treatment on adherence.", "Responses were collected from 112 caregivers.", "The caregiver's age being 30-39 years old, the primary caregiver being male, the primary caregiver being employed, and low functional health literacy for the caregiver were associated with poor adherence.", "Patients being pre-elementary school age was also associated with poor adherence.", "Low satisfaction with drug treatment and/or their device and communication with healthcare professionals (HCPs), and lack of agreement with the importance of treatment management (eg, keeping injection records, getting informed about the disease/therapy, reporting non-adherence, and sticking to an administration schedule), were also associated with poor adherence.", "Strategies to improve treatment adherence among caregivers of pGHD patients in Japan should consider the age, gender, and employment status of the caregiver - as well as their functional literacy.", "Improvement in satisfaction with the drug or device used, better communication with HCPs, and greater awareness of the importance of treatment management, may also lead to better adherence." ]

[ "Above half of mothers in Ethiopia give birth at home.", "Home based care within the first week after birth as a complementary strategy to facility-based postnatal care service is critical to increase the survival of both mothers and newborns.", "However, evidence on utilization of postnatal care and location of service among mothers who delivered at home in Ethiopia is insufficiently documented.", "Therefore, this study assessed the magnitude and determinants for place of postnatal care service utilization among mothers who delivered at home in Ethiopia.", "We used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, and extracted data from 4491 mothers who delivered at home during 5 years preceding the survey.", "A multinomial logistic regression model was applied to examine the determinants of both facility and home -based postnatal care service utilization.", "Likelihood ratio test was used to see the model fitness and p-value of < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance at 95% confidence interval.", "From the total 4491 mothers who delivered at home, only 130(2.9%) and 236(5.3%) of them utilized postnatal service at home and at a health facility respectively.", "Being from an urban region (AOR = 0.378, 95%CI: 0.193-0.740), ever using the calendar method to delay pregnancy (AOR = 0.528, 95%CI: 0.337-0.826), receiving four and above antenatal care visits (AOR = 0.245, 95%CI: 0.145-0.413) and having a bank account (AOR = 0.479, 95%CI: 0.243-0.943) were the factors associated with utilizing home- based postnatal care.", "Similarly being a follower of the orthodox religion (AOR = 1.698, 95%CI: 1.137-2.536), being in the rich wealth index (AOR = 0.608, 95%CI: 0.424-0.873), ever using the calendar method to delay pregnancy (AOR = 0.694, 95%CI: 0.499-0.966), wantedness of the pregnancy (AOR = 0.264, 95%CI: 0.352-0.953), receiving four and above antenatal care visits (AOR = 0.264, 95%CI: 0.184-0.380) and listening to radio at least once a week (AOR = 0.652, 95%CI: 0.432-0.984) were the determinants of facility-based postnatal care utilization.", "The coverage of postnatal care service utilization among mothers who delivered at home was very low.", "Living in urban region, following the Orthodox religion, having higher wealth index, having a bank account, ever using calendar method to delay pregnancy, wantedness of the pregnancy, receiving four and above antenatal care visit and listening to radio at least weakly were associated with postnatal care service utilization.", "Therefore, targeted measures to improve socio-economic status, strengthen the continuum of care, and increase health literacy communication are critically important to increase postnatal care service utilization among women who deliver at home in Ethiopia." ]

[ "Absenteeism is defined as the absence of workers from their workplace, resulting from a complex phenomenon.", "To analyze the profile of absence due to illness and health problems of the permanent teachers of early childhood education (day care and preschool) and elementary school (years 1-5) in the city of Rio Branco - Acre, Brazil, from 2014 to 2017.", "An observational, analytical, individual, cross-sectional, retrospective cohort study with data from 1,584 teachers from 100 municipal public schools in Rio Branco.", "The period prevalence was calculated by chapters of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, and by specific reasons for absence for those chapters with higher proportions.", "Additionally, the absenteeism-illness frequency index and mean sickness absence duration were calculated.", "The chapters of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, with the highest prevalence of absences were Chapter XIII (diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue) with 7.83%, Chapter V (mental and behavioral disorders) with 7.45%, and Chapter X (diseases of the respiratory system) with 6.12%.", "The absenteeism-illness frequency index was 0.72, and the mean sickness absence duration was 24.07 days.", "The present study showed that diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, mental and behavioral disorders, and diseases of the respiratory system are the main problems that lead the permanent teachers of municipal public schools in Rio Branco to be absent from the classroom." ]

[ "ABSTRACTBackground: Maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may lead to increased behavioural problems in children.", "However, the mediating roles of psychological distress and corporal punishment, two common mechanisms underlying the intergenerational transmission of maternal ACEs, in these relations have not been examined in Chinese samples.", "Multigenerational homes (MGH) are the dominate living arrangement in China; however, limited research focuses on the effects of MGHs on the intergenerational transmission of maternal ACEs.Objective: This study explored the parallel mediating effects of corporal punishment and psychological distress on the association between maternal ACEs and children's behaviour and whether MGHs can strengthen or weaken the relationship between maternal ACEs and corporal punishment or psychological distress.Participants and setting: Participants were 643 three-year-old children and their mothers (mean age of 32.85 years, SD = 3.79) from Wuhu, China.Methods: Mothers completed online questionnaires measuring ACEs, psychological distress, corporal punishment, their family structure, and children's behavioural problems.", "This study used a moderated mediation model.Results: The findings suggest that psychological distress and corporal punishment mediate the association between maternal ACEs and children's behavioural problems.", "The mediating role of corporal punishment was found depend on whether mothers and their children reside in MGHs.", "MGHs were not found to have a moderating role in the indirect relationship between maternal ACEs and children's behaviour problems via psychological distress.Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of addressing psychological distress and corporal punishment when designing interventions targeted Chinese mothers exposed to ACEs and their children, especially those living in MGHs." ]

[ "AbstractIn the early twentieth century, Wilhelm Johannsen's breeding experiments on pure lines of beans provided empirical support for his groundbreaking distinction between phenotype and genotype, the foundation stone of classical genetics.", "In contrast with the controversial history of the genotype concept, the notion of phenotype has remained essentially unrevised since then.", "The application of the Johannsenian concept of phenotype to modularly built, nonunitary plants, however, needs reexamination.", "In the first part of this article it is shown that Johannsen's appealing solution for dealing with the multiplicity of nonidentical organs produced by plant individuals (representing individual plant phenotypes by arithmetic means), which has persisted to this day, reflected his intellectual commitment to nineteenth-century typological thinking.", "Revisitation of Johannsen's results using current statistical tools upholds his major conclusion about the nature of heredity but at the same time falsifies two important ancillary conclusions of his experiments-namely, the alleged homogeneity of pure lines (genotypes) regarding seed weight variability and the lack of transgenerational effects of within-line (within-genotype) seed weight variation.", "The canonical notion of individual plant phenotypes as arithmetic means should therefore be superseded by a concept of phenotype as a dual property, consisting of central tendency and variability components of organ trait distribution.", "Phenotype duality offers a unifying framework applicable to all nonunitary organisms." ]

[ "AbstractPeople of Mexican origin in the United States have long experienced discrimination in wages, housing, and schooling, which directly impacts their participation in the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) workforce.", "Using interviews of Latina scientists and teachers, autoethnography, family and newspaper archives, and history and social science research, I reflect on key aspects of Mexican and Mexican American history that contribute to the challenges faced by Latinos in the US educational system today.", "Analysis of my own educational trajectory reveals the hidden part that teacher role models in my community and in my family played in my journey to becoming a scientist.", "Latina teachers and faculty, middle school science programs, and the provisioning of stipends for undergraduate researchers are emphasized as strategies for increasing student retention and success.", "The article concludes with several suggestions for how the ecology and evolutionary biology community can amplify the educational success of Latinos in STEM by supporting the training of Latino and other minoritized science, math, and computer science teachers." ]

[ "AbstractPurpose: to characterize ethics course content, structure, resources, pedagogic methods, and opinions among academic administrators and course directors at U.S. medical schools.", "An online questionnaire addressed to academic deans and ethics course directors identified by medical school websites was emailed to 157 Association of American Medical Colleges member medical schools in two successive waves in early 2022.", "Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize responses.", "Representatives from 61 (39%) schools responded.", "Thirty-two (52%) respondents were course directors; 26 (43%) were deans of academic affairs, medical education, or curriculum; and 3 with other roles also completed the survey (5%).", "All 61 schools reported some form of formal ethics education during the first year of medical school, with most (n = 54, 89%) reporting a formal mandatory introductory course during preclinical education.", "Schools primarily utilized lecture and small-group teaching methods.", "Knowledge-based examinations, attendance, and participation were most commonly used for assessment.", "A large majority regarded ethics as equally or more important than other foundational courses, but fewer (n = 37, 60%) provided faculty training for teaching ethics.", "Despite a response rate of 39 percent, the authors conclude that medical schools include ethics in their curricula in small-group and lecture formats with heterogeneity regarding content taught.", "Preclinical curricular redesigns must innovate and implement best practices for ensuring sound delivery of ethics content in future curricula.", "Additional large-scale research is necessary to determine said best practices." ]

[ "Academic achievement (AA) is an important issue not only during the school period since it is a strong predictor of long-term professional and social success.", "Physical fitness (PF) components are associated with AA, and previous studies were conducted with relatively small samples, lack of statistical power, and the conclusions are based on simple correlational analyses.", "The objective of this study was to analyze the association between PF (single and clustered) with AA in a large and representative sample of high school students.", "Cross-sectional design study conducted with 911 students, aged 13-15 years (38.52% boys) enrolled in the first year of high school.", "Cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run test), muscular strength (dynamometer), and body composition (skinfolds) were measured.", "PF components were clustered (Z-cardiorespiratory fitness + Z-muscular strength - Z-body fatness).", "AA was analyzed through standard math tests.", "Hierarchical linear regression analysis was applied to verify the independent contribution of each single component and PF's cluster on AA.", "Age, screen time, maternal education, race, and type of residence were used as covariates.", "Among boys, cardiorespiratory fitness was negatively associated with AA (β = -0.137; P = .041), while strength was positively associated with AA (β = 0.188; P = .004).", "There was no association between clustered PF indicators and AA (β = 0.064; P = .297).", "There was a negative association between age and AA in girls (β = -0.151; P = .003) and in boys (β = -0.128; P = .045).", "These results support current literature, indicating an association between PF's component, namely muscular strength and AA (mathematics) in adolescents, even when controlled for several covariates." ]

[ "Academic family medicine (FM) physicians aim to balance competing needs of providing clinical care with nonclinical duties of program administration, formal education, and scholarly activity.", "FM residency is unique in its scope of practice, clinical settings, and training priorities, which may differ between university-based and community-based programs.", "In both types of programs, these competing needs are a source of faculty dissatisfaction and burnout.", "We performed this study to explore the allocation of nonclinical administrative full-time equivalents (FTE) for FM residency core faculty members.", "Reported nonclinical administrative FTE time allocation is equivalent between university/medical school-based and community-based programs.", "The ideal proportion of FTE distribution identified by DCs had greater amounts of direct clinical care compared to greater emphasis on precepting time identified by PDs.", "DCs and PDs agreed that administrative time should be used for advising residents, curriculum development and delivery, and evaluation of resident performance.", "Barriers to allocating additional administrative time for DCs included loss of revenue and pressure by hospital-level leadership.", "PDs responded that the need for clinical supervision of residents was most significant.", "We performed our research through a cross-sectional survey of FM department chairs (DC) and residency program directors (PD) conducted by the Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance.", "We used descriptive statistics to characterize the data and Pearson's χ2 tests to evaluate bivariate relationships.", "DCs and PDs offer a similar ideal picture of core responsibilities, though subtle differences remain.", "These differences should be considered for the next revision of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education minimum program standards to best meet the needs of all FM programs." ]

[ "Academic inquiry is foundational to the advancement of medicine and resident training and must be demonstrated to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.", "Past attempts at increasing publication rates have failed to identify educational best practice models.", "Our aim was to increase resident publication rates via culture and value changes that are universally implementable, affordable, effective, and sustainable.", "In 2018, a multifaceted initiative was implemented to shift departmental values and foster a culture of academic productivity.", "This culture change stressed the value of scientific publication through frequent, consistent messaging from department leaders.", "In addition, residents were provided the freedom to choose their scholarly activities.", "In this retrospective cohort innovation, resident authors were identified for 4 academic years before and after the intervention and publication rates were determined (2014-2018 vs 2018-2022).", "Resident authors and publications per resident per year were compared using descriptive statistics and Student t test.", "The pre- and postintervention groups included 38 and 37 residents, respectively.", "Resident-authored publications increased from 7 preintervention to 24 postintervention, representing 343% of baseline.", "Mean ± SD publications per resident per year similarly increased 357% from 0.183 ± 0.16 to 0.654 ± 0.11 postintervention.", "Unpaired t test analysis demonstrated a significant difference in total publications per year (P = .002) and authorship rate (P = .003).", "A multifaceted academic initiative resulted in a threefold increase in resident publication rates.", "This initiative demonstrates that local advocacy by leaders, freedom of choice for authors, and supportive departmental culture are driving factors in publication rates." ]

[ "Academic leaders all over the world are encouraging the use of active methodologies in teaching, especially in higher education.", "The reason for this is that social changes are happening at an ever-increasing rate, and they require students and teachers to develop digital skills.", "This is especially significant for health sciences degrees, in which future graduates must have effective problem-solving skills.", "To respond to this challenge, the use of a project-based learning (PBL) methodology, together with various monitoring techniques based on the use of Educational Data Mining (EDM) and mixed methods, will provide teachers with information about the effectiveness of the methodology and guide the implementation of personalized educational responses.", "This study provides a protocol for the application of the PBL methodology in e-Learning and blended-Learning (b-Learning) teaching modalities for health sciences students studying occupational therapy in higher education.", "In addition, statistical techniques for the analysis of covariance and unsupervised learning allow differences to be detected between the two teaching modalities, thus specifying their effectiveness in terms of a range of variables related to behavioral patterns, performance, and satisfaction.", "Data visualization also helps in understanding the qualitative aspects of the learning process.", "These data will help teachers to produce more effective proposals for the implementation of the PBL methodology based on the based on the context of the teaching-learning process.", "Therefore, this protocol offers many resources and materials to help teachers implement the PBL methodology in e-Learning and b-Learning teaching methods." ]

[ "Academic motivation is most important as a key determinant of competent and motivated nurses who are often considered as frontline healthcare providers who devote most of their time taking care of clients and patients.", "However, most of them demonstrate remarkable differences in their academic performances during their schooling that might be due to the differences in their academic motivation and achievement motivation.", "There appears a growing concern to rethink the approaches on how nurses are prepared, explore, and test novel approaches for delivering the nursing curricula.", "This study tested the effect of Problem Based Facilitatory Teaching pedagogy on academic motivation among nursing students in Tanzania, higher learning institutions.", "A pre-post-test controlled quasi-experimental study of 401 purposively selected participants was conducted between February and June 2018.", "The study was not a clinical randomized controlled trial and thus it has not been identified in the title and no summary of trial design, its methods, results, and conclusion.", "The Auditing Inventory developed by the researcher measured the intervention and a Questionnaire titled \"Academic Motivation Scale,\" was adopted to measure academic motivation.", "Statistical Product for Service Solutions software program version 23 was used to perform descriptive analysis to establish participants' sociodemographic profiles.", "Regression analysis was performed to determine the association between variables.", "Findings revealed that 65.8% of participants were males.", "Post-test findings showed 70.3% of participants demonstrated the motive to learn contrary to 34.9% at baseline.", "The odds of an intervention to influence academic motivation among participants was higher than the control (AOR = 1.720; p < 0.05; 95%CI: 1.122, 2.635).", "However, the intervention demonstrated little influence on the extrinsic motivation to learn (AOR = 0.676, p > 0.05, 95%CI: 0.405, 1.129) and Amotivation to learn (AOR = 0.538, p > 0.05; 95%CI: 0.283, 1.022) compared to the control.", "The Problem Based Facilitatory Teaching pedagogy was a predictive factor to intrinsic academic motivation among nursing students.", "The approach demonstrated educational potentials to change the spectrum of nursing competency and quality of care to patients or clients.", "This study suggests problem-based facilitatory teaching pedagogy be integrated into the nursing curriculum in Tanzania as it is feasible." ]

[ "Academic performance in primary students is fundamental to future school success; however, simultaneous analysis of different key individual, family, and teaching factors must be considered to improve understanding and benefit the development of students' potential.", "This article presents a latent regression analysis model that examines the relationship between the latent variables (self-efficacy, interest in reading, bullying, parental expectations, and discrimination/exclusion, and teacher violence/aggression) and the academic performance of first-cycle primary students.", "The model investigates the impact of the latent variables on the standardized endogenous variables of SIMCE Mathematics and Language test scores using a quantitative, non-experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional design.", "The study involved 70,778 students (53.4% female), with an average age of 9.5 years (SD = 0.6), from Chilean public (33.6%) and subsidized (66.4%) schools.", "The results indicate that the model accounted for 49.8% and 47.7% of the mean variability in SIMCE Mathematics and Language test scores, respectively.", "The goodness-of-fit indices demonstrated satisfactory fits for both models.", "In both tests, student self-efficacy emerged as the most significant factor explaining test score variability, followed by parental expectations.", "Bullying was identified as a relevant factor in reducing mean performance on both tests.", "The findings suggest that education decision makers should address these issues to improve student outcomes." ]

[ "Academic procrastination has become an increasing concern in the educational sector.", "Prior studies identified various correlations among academic procrastination, time attitude and self-control.", "Nevertheless, few studies have examined the past time attitude and the mechanism underlying those relationships, and the existing studies have been implemented during regular school time.", "To fill those gaps, the present study includes all three dimensions of time attitude (past-oriented, present-oriented and future-oriented in both positive and negative perspectives), and proposes self-control as a mediator between academic procrastination and time attitude.", "The study was carried out during an extraordinary winter holiday in China, with final exams waiting at the end of the holiday.", "A total of 323 middle school students in China (178 girls and 145 boys, 12-19 years old) completed an online survey with questions on their academic procrastination, time attitude and self-control.", "The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 and Hayes SPSS macro PROCESS (Model 4).", "The results showed that academic procrastination was negatively associated with all three positive time attitudes and positively correlated with the present negative time attitude.", "Moreover, self-control significantly mediates the relationship between academic procrastination and all three positive time attitudes.", "Based on these findings, self-control could be the underlying mechanism in the relationship between academic procrastination and time attitude.", "This study broadens the scope of relevant empirical research to the past time attitude, and determines the mechanism that underlies the association between academic procrastination and time attitude under a novel context.", "Further implications for teaching regulation and intervention are discussed." ]

[ "Academic publishing is a cornerstone of scholarly communications, yet is unfortunately open to abuse, having given rise to 'predatory publishers'- groups that employ aggressive marketing tactics, are deficient in methods and ethics, and bypass peer review.", "Preventing these predatory publishers from infiltrating scholarly activity is of high importance, and students must be trained in this area to increase awareness and reduce use.", "The scope of this issue in the context of medical students remains unknown, and therefore this sought to examine the breadth of the current literature base.", "A rapid scoping review was undertaken, adhering to adapted PRISMA guidelines.", "Six databases (ASSIA, EBSCO, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) were systematically searched for content related to predatory publishing and medical students.", "Results were single-screened, facilitated by online reviewing software.", "Resultant data were narratively described, with common themes identified.", "After searching and screening, five studies were included, representing a total of 1338 students.", "Two predominant themes- understanding, and utilisation- of predatory publishers was identified.", "These themes revealed that medical students were broadly unaware of the issue of predatory publishing, and that a small number have already, or would consider, using their services.", "There remains a lack of understanding of the threat that predatory publishers pose amongst medical students.", "Future research and education in this domain will be required to focus on informing medical students on the issue, and the implication of engaging with predatory publishers." ]

[ "Academic social contexts and educational beliefs may influence teaching practices and teaching intentions.", "Insight into such beliefs represents an important source of information for medical schools to improve the quality of teaching and to guide content of faculty development programs.", "The aim of this study was to explore beliefs about teaching among prospective clinical teachers at a newly established medical school in Southern Switzerland and to estimate the relationship between these beliefs and intention to commit to teaching in the newly established medical curriculum using Fishbein's integrative model of behaviour prediction.", "We targeted a purposive sample of physicians working in hospital departments potentially involved in the clinical immersion of medical students enrolled in the program.", "We designed a cross-sectional quantitative study using an online questionnaire.", "The questionnaire included both items developed by the authors and items belonging to a previously validated questionnaire.", "Participants showed a high intention to commit to teaching in the newly established curriculum.", "We found that self-efficacy beliefs and two sets of behavioural beliefs, namely perceived importance and expectations, had a positive correlation with the intention to commit.", "On the other hand, we pointed out a number of normative beliefs that in the long run could hinder the maintenance of this commitment, which should be addressed both at the levels of both faculty development and institutional policy rules.", "Our study also highlights the importance of reinforcing teachers' perceived self-efficacy in providing clinical supervision, strengthening their perceived importance of the clinical supervision, and incentivising the commitment of teachers by ensuring they have protected time to devote to this activity." ]

[ "Accelerated medical school curricula, such as three-year programs, have gained attention in recent years but studies evaluating their impact are still scarce.", "This study examines the Fully Integrated Readiness for Service Training (FIRST) program, a three-year accelerated pathway, to assess its impact on students' academic performance preparedness for residency.", "In this observational study, we compared the academic outcomes of FIRST program students to traditional four-year curriculum students from 2018 to 2023.", "We analyzed multiple metrics, including exam performance (United States Medical Licensing Examination Step scores, shelf exam scores, and pre-clinical course scores) and clinical performance scores during the application and individualization phases.", "Analysis of Variance was used to examine the effect of accelerated pathway program experience relative to traditional 4-year medical school curriculum on the learning outcomes.", "FIRST program students were on average 1.5 years younger upon graduation than their traditional peers.", "While FIRST program students scored slightly lower on Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK), they exhibited no significant differences in other exam scores or clinical performance relative to the traditional students.", "Notably, FIRST students achieved equivalent clinical performance ratings during critical clerkships and rotations.", "Our findings suggest that a three-year medical school curriculum can effectively prepare students for residency and produce graduates with comparable medical knowledge and clinical skills, offering potential benefits in terms of financial relief and personal well-being for medical students." ]

[ "Accelerated orthodontic teeth movement are procedures carried out to increase the rate of tooth movement thereby reducing treatment time.", "There are numerous techniques currently available to accelerate orthodontic treatment time, but evidence is still needed to determine the degree to which orthodontists accept and practice accelerated orthodontics.", "The present study is aimed at assessing the knowledge of Orthodontists on the practice of accelerated orthodontics; as well as their willingness to adopt it as a treatment option for their patients.", "Ethical approval was obtained before the commencement of the study.", "The study population comprised all orthodontists practicing in Nigeria.", "Questionnaires were administered physically to the orthodontists at their annual general meeting.", "E-mails were further used to distribute the questionnaire to the orthodontists who were absent from the annual meeting.", "The questionnaire obtained information on respondents' biodata, knowledge, attitude, and practice of accelerated orthodontic treatment procedures.Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 27.", "The level of significance was 0.05 for all statistical analysis.", "The study participants comprised 60 respondents, with a mean age of 34.18 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1.", "A Majority of them were satisfied with treatment time/duration (61.7%), they had a good knowledge of accelerated orthodontics (83.3%) with piezocision (75%) and micro-osteoperforation (63.3%) being the most popular.", "All orthodontists were interested in accelerated orthodontics, if it offered up to 30% reduction in treatment time.", "Major limitations to the practice included unavailability of technique materials (50%), insufficient knowledge (41.7%) and cost (35%).", "Most orthodontists did not routinely practice accelerated orthodontics despite adequate knowledge.", "They were willing to offer accelerated orthodontic treatment (AOT) if patients were willing to pay an additional fee.", "The less invasive methods were more accepted." ]

[ "access to COVID-19 related information is fundamental to making accurate decisions and performing evidence-based actions aimed to control its spread and improve health.", "This study assessed pattern and perceived benefits of COVID-19 related information in Nigeria.", "a descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among adult Nigerian residents aged 18-years and above in the geopolitical zones using multistage sampling strategy.", "Questionnaire developed by World Health Organization (WHO) was adapted and pretested.", "Descriptive statistics were carried on the data and presented in frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation.", "Inferential statistics (Chi-square) was used to test differences between some categorical variables.", "Data obtained were analysed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software version 22. from responses, 498 (47.9%) of participants highly desired information on COVID-19, while 311 (29.9%) frequently sought COVID-19 information.", "Majority 647 (62.3%) were interested in getting information on treatment protocols/home remedies for COVID-19 prevention.", "Also, 934 (89.9%) found information on COVID-19 beneficial.", "A significant difference existed between male and female respondents regarding government guidelines on public interaction (p=0.026) and home remedies to prevent COVID-19 infection (p=0.013).", "Consistently, more urban residents than rural sought information on majority of the COVID-19 related information.", "information on COVID-19 is highly sought by Nigerian residents and such should be widely disseminated regularly through authentic and verified social media channels.", "Nigerians are highly desirous of information on treatment protocols and home remedies to prevent COVID-19.", "Adequate provision of accurate and timely information by authorities through trusted sources will improve health literacy and help curb the spread of COVID-19." ]

[ "Access to family planning services among young people is crucial for reproductive health.", "This study explores the access and associated factors among young people in Lira City, Northern Uganda.", "A mixed-methods study was conducted in March to April 2022.", "Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 553 participants aged 15-24 years.", "Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.", "Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses for quantitative data, while interpretative phenomenological analysis was used for qualitative data.", "Overall, 31.7% of the respondents had a good perceived access to family planning services, with 64.6% reporting perceived availability of FP methods.", "Challenges included lack of privacy (57.7%), fear of mistreatment (77.2%), and decision-making difficulties (66.2%).", "Among females, good perceived access to FP services was less likely among urban residents (AOR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09-0.53), Christian respondents (AOR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.01-0.36), Muslim respondents (AOR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.55) and respondents with poor attitude to FP services (AOR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.24-0.64), but more likely among respondents with a sexual a partner (AOR: 4.48, 95% CI: 2.60-7.75).", "Among males, good perceived access to FP services was less likely among respondents living with parents (AOR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.67) but more likely among respondents with good knowledge of FP services (AOR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.02-5.32).", "Qualitative findings showed that three themes emerged; knowledge of family planning methods, beliefs about youth contraception and, friendliness of family planning services.", "The study revealed a substantial gap in perceived access to family planning services among young people in Lira City.", "Barriers include privacy concerns, fear of mistreatment, and decision-making difficulties.", "Tailored interventions addressing urban access, religious beliefs for females, and knowledge enhancement for males are essential.", "Positive aspects like diverse FP methods and physical accessibility provide a foundation for targeted interventions.", "Youth-friendly services, comprehensive sexual education, and further research are emphasized for a nuanced understanding and effective interventions in Northern Uganda." ]

[ "Access to health care services is a basic human right, and an individual's health and overall quality of life may suffer as a result of barriers to accessing health services.", "Access to comprehensive and quality health care is fundamental for promoting and maintaining health, preventing and treating diseases, and reducing premature deaths.", "However, only half of the African population has access to modern health services.", "Therefore, this study aimed to assess the health care access and associated factors among female youths in low-income East African countries.", "This study used secondary data from 2016 to 2021 demographic and health surveys of 7 low-income East African countries.", "A total weighted sample of 51,064 youths was included.", "A multilevel binary logistic regression was employed to identify the associated factors of access to health care since the data has a hierarchical structure.", "Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) at a p-value less than 0.05 was used to measure the association of variables whereas Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), Median Odds Ratio (MOR), and proportional change in variance (PCV) were used to measure random effects.", "The overall magnitude of access to healthcare among female youths in low-income East African countries was 38.84% (95% CI: 38.41, 39.26).", "Youth's educational level, rich wealth status, media exposure, and community level education were the positive while higher youth's age and rural residence were the negative predictors of access to healthcare among female youths.", "Besides, living in different countries compared to Burundi was also an associated factor for accessing healthcare in low-income East African countries.", "About six in ten female youths were not accessing health care in low-income East African countries.", "Therefore, to increase healthcare access, health managers and policymakers needed to develop strategies to improve the poor household wealth index, and redistribution of health services for rural residents.", "The decision-makers and program planners should also work on increasing access to education and media exposure for youths.", "Further research including health system and quality of service-related factors for accessing healthcare should also be considered by researchers." ]

[ "Access to healthcare is multifaceted and poses significant challenges for individuals with chronic and rare diseases (RDs).", "This study aimed to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the German version of the Perception of Access to Healthcare Questionnaire (PAHQ) among individuals with RDs.", "We conducted an evaluation of the PAHQ using a sample of 271 adults with an RD diagnosis.", "The 31-item instrument underwent evaluation including a comparison of three different confirmatory factor models (CFA).", "Subsequent steps involved item removal, reliability analysis (computation of Cronbach's alpha), and analysis of criterion-related validity.", "The six-factor model showed the best fit to the data and was selected for further examination.", "Subsequently, six items were removed.", "Fit indices for the final model were acceptable.", "Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.75 to 0.91 for the six subscales, except for the availability subscale which exhibited the lowest value (0.64).", "In terms of criterion-related validity, different skills relating to the navigation of access dimensions were significantly correlated with corresponding PAHQ subscales, thus confirming validity.", "The capacity of the PAHQ to guide targeted interventions and facilitate cross-population comparisons positions it as a valuable instrument for advancing healthcare access research and promoting equitable access to care, particularly for individuals with rare and chronic diseases." ]

[ "Access to Hepatis C treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa is a clinical, public health and ethical concern.", "The multi-country open-label trial TAC ANRS 12311 allowed assessing the feasibility, safety, efficacy of a specific care model of HCV treatment and retreatment in patients with hepatitis C in Sub Saharan Africa.", "Between November 2015 and March 2017, with follow-up until mid 2019, treatment-naïve patients with HCV without decompensated cirrhosis or liver cancer were recruited to receive 12 week-treatment with either sofosbuvir + ribavirin (HCV genotype 2) or sofosbuvir + ledipasvir (genotype 1 or 4) and retreatment with sofosbuvir + velpatasvir + voxilaprevir in case of virological failure.", "The primary outcome was sustained virological response at 12 weeks after end of treatment (SVR12).", "Secondary outcomes included treatment adherence, safety and SVR12 in patients who were retreated due to non-response to first-line treatment.", "The model of care relied on both viral load assessment and educational sessions to increase patient awareness, adherence and health literacy.", "The study recruited 120 participants, 36 HIV-co-infected, and 14 cirrhotic.", "Only one patient discontinued treatment because of return to home country.", "Neither death nor severe adverse event occurred.", "SVR12 was reached in 107 patients (89%): (90%) in genotype 1 or 2, and 88% in GT-4.", "All retreated patients (n = 13) reached SVR12.", "HCV treatment is highly acceptable, safe and effective under this model of care.", "Implementation research is now needed to scale up point-of-care HCV testing and SVR assessment, along with community involvement in patient education, to achieve HCV elimination in Sub-Saharan Africa." ]

[ "Access to oral healthcare is limited in rural areas, resulting in disparities in oral health services.", "Primary health centers (PHCs) are essential for providing integrated oral healthcare to rural populations.", "This study examines the patterns, barriers, and utilization of oral healthcare at PHCs in Rohtak district, Haryana.", "In this 6-month household cross-sectional study, data were collected from a sample of 600 participants residing in rural areas under the jurisdiction of three randomly selected PHCs in Rohtak district.", "The study employed multistage cluster systematic random sampling procedures.", "Data collection included structured questionnaires and clinical oral examinations following the type-III ADA classification.", "Participants' oral health status was evaluated using the WHO oral health assessment form for adults (2013).", "Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for data analysis.", "Dental caries and periodontal diseases were more common in older age groups.", "Barriers to oral healthcare among the elderly include fear of dental procedures and low dental literacy.", "Proximity to PHCs influenced dental service utilization, with higher rates among participants living near a PHC, that is, within 5 km of a PHC.", "Age, gender, proximity to PHCs, household size, and socioeconomic status play crucial roles in the utilization of oral health services among the rural population.", "Addressing these factors is essential for improving oral healthcare and overcoming barriers.", "It is crucial to enhance the accessibility, affordability, and availability of oral health services at PHCs to promote better oral health and overall well-being in rural areas." ]

[ "Access to quality and timely care prevents unnecessary deaths and morbidity from potentially curable surgical diseases.", "This study describes the magnitude of unmet surgical needs in a Nigerian community and describes the experiences garnered during a surgical outreach organized by a tertiary institution in an underserved community.", "This is a descriptive study highlighting details of a surgical outreach to a community in south-Western part of Nigeria.", "The project was based on a collaboration between a University Teaching Hospital (gown) and the community (town).", "Details of the patients' demographic and disease characteristics as well as barriers to seeking medical care were obtained.", "The operational workflow, treatment offered, and outcomes are highlighted.", "Results are presented as descriptive statistics.", "Over a two-day period, 83 out of 3,056 patients who were screened had surgically treatable conditions (2.7%), predominantly hernias (37, 46.6%), goitres (13, 15.7%) and soft tissue swellings (9, 10.8%).", "The majority were adults (56, 67.5%) while 27 (32.5%) were in the paediatric age group.", "The mean duration of symptoms was 8.64 months ± 9.5 months.", "About half of the patients (46.9%) had never visited a medical facility on account of their index illnesses.", "Lack of funds was cited by many patients as the main reason for having not presented at a hospital.", "Sixty-three surgical operations were performed with no peri-operative adverse events.", "Lack of financial access was the major barrier to surgical care in the sampled community.", "Moving from 'gown to town' helped address a significant proportion of the unmet needs over a relatively short period.", "Tertiary hospitals can provide surgical oversight to communities within their jurisdiction using this approach." ]

[ "Access to reliable and accurate digital health web-based resources is crucial.", "However, the lack of dedicated search engines for non-English languages, such as French, is a significant obstacle in this field.", "Thus, we developed and implemented a multilingual, multiterminology semantic search engine called Catalog and Index of Digital Health Teaching Resources (CIDHR).", "CIDHR is freely accessible to everyone, with a focus on French-speaking resources.", "CIDHR has been initiated to provide validated, high-quality content tailored to the specific needs of each user profile, be it students or professionals.", "This study's primary aim in developing and implementing the CIDHR is to improve knowledge sharing and spreading in digital health and health informatics and expand the health-related educational community, primarily French speaking but also in other languages.", "We intend to support the continuous development of initial (ie, bachelor level), advanced (ie, master and doctoral levels), and continuing training (ie, professionals and postgraduate levels) in digital health for health and social work fields.", "The main objective is to describe the development and implementation of CIDHR.", "The hypothesis guiding this research is that controlled vocabularies dedicated to medical informatics and digital health, such as the Medical Informatics Multilingual Ontology (MIMO) and the concepts structuring the French National Referential on Digital Health (FNRDH), to index digital health teaching and learning resources, are effectively increasing the availability and accessibility of these resources to medical students and other health care professionals.", "First, resource identification is processed by medical librarians from websites and scientific sources preselected and validated by domain experts and surveyed every week.", "Then, based on MIMO and FNRDH, the educational resources are indexed for each related knowledge domain.", "The same resources are also tagged with relevant academic and professional experience levels.", "Afterward, the indexed resources are shared with the digital health teaching and learning community.", "The last step consists of assessing CIDHR by obtaining informal feedback from users.", "Resource identification and evaluation processes were executed by a dedicated team of medical librarians, aiming to collect and curate an extensive collection of digital health teaching and learning resources.", "The resources that successfully passed the evaluation process were promptly included in CIDHR.", "These resources were diligently indexed (with MIMO and FNRDH) and tagged for the study field and degree level.", "By October 2023, a total of 371 indexed resources were available on a dedicated portal.", "CIDHR is a multilingual digital health education semantic search engine and platform that aims to increase the accessibility of educational resources to the broader health care-related community.", "It focuses on making resources \"findable,\" \"accessible,\" \"interoperable,\" and \"reusable\" by using a one-stop shop portal approach.", "CIDHR has and will have an essential role in increasing digital health literacy." ]

[ "Access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities is crucial for health and human rights, impacting nutrition and weight.", "Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS) 2017-18 has been used in this study to examine the association between WASH and underweight, alongside other factors.", "Analysis included descriptive statistics, association tests, logistic regression, and population-attributable fractions (PAF).", "According to results child were 1.8, 1.1 and 1.04 times less likely to be underweight if they had access to improved source of drinking water, improved sanitation and hygiene facilities respectively.", "The likelihood of child being underweight reduces by 1.4, 1.89, 2.01 and 2.55 times if the household wealth status increases from poorest to second, middle, fourth and richest wealth quintiles, respectively.", "As the mothers' education level increases from no schooling to primary, middle, secondary, and higher level, the possibility of child being underweight reduces by 1.22, 1.24, 1.60 and 2.01 times, respectively.", "Moreover, the likelihood of a child being underweight decreases as the education level of the household head improves.", "If maternal age is less than 20 or more than 35 years the likelihood of the child being underweight is increased by 1.074 and 1.121 times, respectively.", "A child is 1.1 times more likely to be underweight if birth spacing is less than 2 years.", "A child's risk of being underweight decreases by 1.1 times if they have not experienced diarrhea.", "A child who has never been breastfed has 1.3 times higher risk of being underweight.", "The results of Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) indicate that holding the other factors constant, approximately 36.46% burden of underweight was preventable by access to improved drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene practices.", "Comprehensive strategy is needed that focuses on improving access to safe drinking water, sanitation infrastructure, and hygiene behaviors." ]

[ "Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) resources in schools is critical for disease prevention and control, especially during public health emergencies.", "In Belize, systematic, national data on WASH in schools are needed to inform public health decisions and interventions.", "From December 2021 to January 2022, a national survey was sent electronically to government and government-aided primary and secondary schools in Belize (N = 308) to gather information on WASH services.", "From the survey, 12 pilot schools were selected based on the highest self-reported need for WASH resources to participate in additional evaluation and intervention, which included environmental nudges, supplemental supply provision, and hand hygiene education.", "To understand how the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced hand hygiene, facility assessments to evaluate access to hand hygiene resources were conducted in person when most schools reopened for face-to-face learning during the pandemic (March 2022) and 15 months later (June 2023).", "Among the schools participating in the national survey (N = 221), 55% reported times when water was not available at the schools.", "Almost 9 in 10 schools (89%) had a functional handwashing station, and 47% reported always having soap for handwashing.", "Between baseline and follow-up at the 12 pilot schools, we observed decreases in the proportion of functional handwashing access points (-11%), functional handwashing access points accessible for individuals with disabilities (-17%) and small children (-29%), and functional alcohol-based hand rub dispensers (-13%).", "Despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we observed gaps in WASH resources in schools in Belize during the onsite assessments at the pilot schools.", "Schools should be encouraged and provided with WASH resources to maintain vigilance for disease control measures." ]

[ "According to Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (2022), neonatal mortality, comprising 67% of under-5 deaths in Bangladesh, is significantly attributed to prematurity and low birth weight (LBW), accounting for 32% of neonatal deaths.", "Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a prevalent concern among preterm and LBW infants, leading to substantial mortality.", "The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) therapy, but the affordability and accessibility of conventional bCPAP devices for a large number of patients become major hurdles in Bangladesh due to high costs and resource intensiveness.", "The Vayu bCPAP, a simple and portable alternative, offers a constant flow of oxygen-enriched, filtered, humidified, and pressurized air.", "Our study, conducted in five health facilities, explores the useability, acceptability, and perceived treatment outcome of Vayu bCPAP in the local context of Bangladesh.", "A qualitative approach was employed in special care newborn units (SCANUs) of selected facilities from January to March 2023.", "Purposive sampling identified nine key informants, 40 in-depth interviews with service providers, and 10 focus group discussions.", "Data collection and analysis utilized a thematic framework approach led by trained anthropologists and medical officers.", "Service providers acknowledged Vayu bCPAP as a lightweight, easily movable, and cost-effective device requiring minimal training.", "Despite challenges such as consumable shortages and maintenance issues, providers perceived the device as user-friendly, operable with oxygen cylinders, and beneficial during referral transportation.", "Treatment outcomes indicated effective RDS management, reduced hospital stays, and decreased referrals.", "Though challenges existed, healthcare providers and facility managers expressed enthusiasm for Vayu bCPAP due to its potential to simplify advanced neonatal care delivery.", "The Vayu bCPAP device demonstrated useability, acceptability, and favorable treatment outcomes in the care of neonates with RDS.", "However, sustained quality service necessitates continuous monitoring, mentoring and retention of knowledge and skills.", "Despite challenges, the enthusiasm among healthcare providers underscores the potential of Vayu bCPAP to save lives and simplify neonatal care delivery.", "Development of Standard Operating procedure on Vayu bCPAP is required for systematic implementation.", "Further research is needed to determine how the utilization of Vayu bCPAP devices enhances accessibility to efficient bCPAP therapy for neonates experiencing RDS." ]

[ "According to epidemiological studies, psychosocial factors are known to be associated with disease activity, physical activity, pain, functioning, treatment help-seeking, treatment waiting times and mortality in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).", "Limited qualitative inquiry into the psychosocial factors that add to RA disease burden and potential synergistic interactions with biological parameters makes it difficult to understand patients' perspectives from the existing literature.", "This study aimed to gather in-depth patient perspectives on psychosocial determinants that drive persistently active disease in RA, to help guide optimal patient care.", "Patient research partners collaborated on the research design and materials.", "Semistructured interviews and focus groups were conducted online (in 2021) with patients purposively sampled from diverse ethnicities, primary languages, employment status and occupations.", "Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.", "45 patients participated across 28 semistructured interviews and three focus groups.", "Six main themes on psychosocial determinants that may impact RA management were identified: (1) healthcare systems experiences, (2) patient education and health literacy, (3) employment and working conditions, (4) social and familial support, (5) socioeconomic (dis)advantages, and (6) life experiences and well-being practices.", "This study emphasises the importance of clinicians working closely with patients and taking a holistic approach to care that incorporates psychosocial factors into assessments, treatment plans and resources.", "There is an unmet need to understand the relationships between interconnected biopsychosocial factors, and how these may impact on RA management." ]

[ "According to Fuzzy-Trace Theory (FTT), qualitative, bottom-line, \"gist\" reasoning leads to less risk taking and more mature decision-making, less easily swayed by emotions than quantitative, detail-oriented, \"verbatim\" reasoning.", "In Bipolar disorder deleterious risky behaviors are common.", "Prior research confirmed the relationships posited between FTT and risk taking.", "We aim to understand whether FTT acts upon risk taking in the manner proposed in the FTT framework, namely, that (a) gist \"values\" mediate the role of \"categorical gist\".", "Furthermore, the roles of mania and impulsivity, cited as factors for risk-taking, remain to be clarified.", "In this study, we investigate if (b) manic symptoms and impulsivity moderate these relationships.", "Participants (N = 105) completed an online survey including demographics, clinical variables, symptomatology, FTT, risk taking and risk perception.", "Mediational models indicated that (a) Gist Values mediated Categorical Gist's effect on risk taking, as expected by the FTT framework.", "(b) Impulsivity moderates risk taking, but manic-type symptomatology does not.", "Voluntary, self-report surveys may have low participant motivation and limit the diagnostic validity and the inpatient generalizability of the results.", "The results move beyond a focus on mood-related aspects of Bipolar disorder and confirm the importance of understanding reasoning processes like FTT in combination with impulsivity, as potential behavioral factors of risk taking in Bipolar disorder.", "The clarifications on FTT's functioning as a mechanism prescribe possible openings for more efficacious reduction of risky behaviors through behavioral interventions focusing on value creation." ]

[ "According to gender-differentiated attributions of failure in the STEM field, errors tend to be attributed to internal factors more to girls than to boys.", "This experimental study explored factors influencing gender-differentiated teachers' internal attributions of girls' and boys' errors and the consequent likelihood of teachers' hesitancy to offer educational robotics (ER) courses to them.", "The predictions were as follows: (1) the likelihood of teachers' hesitancy would be related to gender-differentiated internal attributions of errors based on expectations of a low natural aptitude for girls; and (2) teachers with high levels of gender stereotypes would be more hesitant about offering ER to girls than to boys via the mediation of internal attributions of errors as being due to girls' low levels of natural aptitude for ER.", "In this experimental study, 155 Italian teachers (M = 38.59 years, SD = 8.20) responded to a questionnaire at the end of a course on ER in 2022.", "Teachers randomly read one of two vignettes describing a girl's or a boy's error during an ER course.", "Results of multiple regression and moderated mediation analyses confirmed both predictions.", "In order to reduce the gender STEM gap, the tendency to attribute girls' errors to internal and natural causes should be better inspected." ]

[ "According to R.A. Fisher, randomization \"relieves the experimenter from the anxiety of considering innumerable causes by which the data may be disturbed.\"", "Since, in particular, it is said to control for known and unknown nuisance factors that may considerably challenge the validity of a result, it has become very popular.", "This contribution challenges the received view.", "First, looking for quantitative support, we study a number of straightforward, mathematically simple models.", "They all demonstrate that the optimism surrounding randomization is questionable: In small to medium-sized samples, random allocation of units to treatments typically yields a considerable imbalance between the groups, i.e., confounding due to randomization is the rule rather than the exception.", "In the second part of this contribution, the reasoning is extended to a number of traditional arguments in favour of randomization.", "This discussion is rather non-technical, and sometimes touches on the rather fundamental Frequentist/Bayesian debate.", "However, the result of this analysis turns out to be quite similar: While the contribution of randomization remains doubtful, comparability contributes much to a compelling conclusion.", "Summing up, classical experimentation based on sound background theory and the systematic construction of exchangeable groups seems to be advisable." ]

[ "According to the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) panel, structural validity describes how well Patient-Reported Outcome Measures' (PROM) scores reflect the dimensions of the measured construct.", "The main purpose of this study was to examine the structural components of the Abilitator, a co-developed self-report questionnaire on work ability and functioning for the population in a weak labour market position.", "We examined to what extent the Abilitator has reflective and formative elements in its five summary scales: \"C. Inclusion\", \"D. Mind\", \"E. Everyday life\", \"F. Skills\", and \"G. Body\".", "The Abilitator data sample (n = 4555, men 51%, mean age 37 years) was collected in 2017-2022 by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in cooperation with the European Social Fund Priority 5 projects in which the participants have multiple challenges to gain employment.", "For the structural components and validity analysis we implemented both Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA).", "Based on the COSMIN criteria for structural validity, the Abilitator reached approximate model fit with CFA when we analysed the different concepts of the questionnaire separately rather than in one unified model.", "An exception was \"E. Everyday life\" which was a formative summary scale, and it did not reach approximate fit.", "EFA showed that the items in the Abilitator's summary scales loaded on ten factors.", "The Abilitator had both reflective and formative elements in its structure.", "It reached structural validity in those separate concepts that were based on a reflective model.", "This study revealed interesting connections between different aspects of the Abilitator and produced valuable information for further modification of the questionnaire." ]

[ "According to the International Labor Organization, at least 160 million children ages 5 to 17 around the world were involved in some form of child labor at the beginning of 2020, including 79 million children performing hazardous labor.", "This article uses recent representative data from Bangladesh and Pakistan to investigate the relationship between foundational skills and child labor engagements for 12- to 14-year-old children.", "It found a consistent negative association between child labor and reading and numeracy foundational skills.", "In particular, it found that engagement in hazardous child labor had large negative associations with reading and numeracy foundational skills.", "It also found negative associations between engagement in economic labor and reading foundational skills.", "Finally, the article found that intense engagement in household labor was also negatively associated with foundational skills.", "It discusses the implications of these findings which paint a deeply concerning picture of the challenges ahead of the global community to ensure that all children acquire foundational skills (and beyond).", "It notes that systematic efforts to define, document, and measure child labor will be crucial to better understand the negative implications of child labor for foundational learning and the potential policy solutions to address these impacts." ]

[ "According to the Pathways to Mathematics model [LeFevre et al.", "(2010), Child Development, Vol.", "81, pp.", "1753-1767], children's cognitive skills in three domains-linguistic, attentional, and quantitative-predict concurrent and future mathematics achievement.", "We extended this model to include an additional cognitive skill, patterning, as measured by a non-numeric repeating patterning task.", "Chilean children who attended schools of low or high socioeconomic status (N = 98; 54% girls) completed cognitive measures in kindergarten (Mage = 71 months) and numeracy and mathematics outcomes 1 year later in Grade 1.", "Patterning and the original three pathways were correlated with the outcomes.", "Using Bayesian regressions, after including the original pathways and mother's education, we found that patterning skills predicted additional variability in applied problem solving and arithmetic fluency, but not number ordering, in Grade 1.", "Similarly, patterning skills were included in the best model for applied problem solving and arithmetic fluency, but not for number ordering, in Grade 1.", "In accord with the hypotheses of the original Pathways to Mathematics model, patterning varied in its unique and relative contributions to later mathematical performance, depending on the demands of the tasks.", "We conclude that patterning is a useful addition to the Pathways to Mathematics model, providing further insights into the range of cognitive precursors that are related to children's mathematical development." ]

[ "According to the principle of duty of care, adults in the lives of children with disabilities such as autistic children are expected to promote their development.", "The Nutbeam's health literacy model was adopted to explore the efforts of special education teachers and parents toward promoting better eating habits among autistic children in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).", "Twenty-one participants, comprising fifteen special education teachers and six parents with autistic children, were examined in this study.", "The results indicated that some special education teachers' and parents' limited understanding of unhealthy food might impact the development of autistic children.", "Furthermore, the findings also highlight the lack of collaboration and communication between teachers regarding the nutrition and healthy living of autistic children.", "The findings have practical consequences, such as urging UAE health policymakers to provide professional development for special education instructors and parents of autistic children." ]

[ "According to the statistics of 160 typical fire and explosion accidents in oil storage areas at home and abroad nearly 50 years, 122 of them occurred the secondary accidents in the emergency responses.", "Based on 122 accident cases, 21 causal factors leading to secondary accidents are summarized.", "In order to quantify the influencing degree of these causal factors on the accident consequences, a multiple linear regression model was established between them.", "In the modeling process, these factors are decomposed into the criterion layer, variable layer, and bottom layer.", "The improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) was used to establish the relationship between the bottom factors and variable factors, and the regression analysis method was used to establish the relational model between variable layer and criterion layer.", "For 122 cases of the secondary accidents, this study took the year as a statistical dimension, and obtained 40 groups of sample data.", "The first 34 groups of sample data were used to build the causal factors model, and the last 6 groups of sample data were tested the generalization ability of the model by using the established regression model combined with grey prediction model.", "The results show that the prediction ability of the established model was better than that of the grey prediction model alone.", "Moreover, the relative contribution and change trend of the causal factors were evaluated using the mutation progression method, and corresponding preventive countermeasures were proposed.", "It was found that human professional skills, knowledge and literacy, environmental issues, and firefighting facilities are the main influencing factors that lead to the secondary accidents.", "These three kinds of factors show a gradual improvement trend, and the existing prevention measures should be maintained and further improved.", "The problem of inherent objects or equipment factors has not been effectively improved and has a worsening trend, which is the focus of prevention in the future, and the prevention and control efforts need to be moderately increased.", "The research results have important guiding significance for understanding the quantitative influences of causal factors on the accident consequences, improving emergency response capabilities, reducing accident losses, and avoiding secondary accidents." ]

[ "According to traditional concepts, the movement of overlying strata and surface damage caused by coal mining in horizontal coal seams are symmetrical in terms of spatial distribution.", "However, in a lot of engineering practices, this symmetry has not been discovered.", "We often use the symmetry function to establish the profile prediction function of the surface damage, which results in a large difference between the prediction result and the actual situation.", "To solve this problem, this paper takes subsidence velocity as an example.", "Firstly, the spatial distribution functions of subsidence velocity on both sides were deduced theoretically.", "Through comparison, it is found that the change rate of the spatial distribution curve of the coal pillar side subsidence velocity is smoother than that of the goaf side and the subsidence velocity curves are skewed to the left.", "Secondly, based on the idea of lossless propagation of harmonic waves and idealizing the propagation environment, the spatial propagation relationship of surface subsidence velocity in the time domain is established.", "Then, the Box-Cox transform function is introduced to improve the normal distribution probability density function, and a new dynamic subsidence prediction model based on the Box-Cox transformation is obtained, which is suitable for the full mining stage.", "The model is tested by practical cases, the prediction accuracy is better than 7%, and the prediction results can meet the needs of engineering prediction accuracy (10%).", "The results of this research can enrich the existing subsidence prediction theory and provide theoretical and technical support for the prediction of dynamic surface damage caused by similar mining." ]

[ "Accuracy is needed with medication administration, a skill that involves rule-based habits and clinical reasoning.", "This pilot study investigated the use of an evidence-based checklist for accuracy with oral medication administration and error reporting among prelicensure nursing students.", "Checklist items were anchored in the mnemonic C-MATCH-REASON© (Client, Medication, ADRs, Time, Client History, Route, Expiration date, Amount, Site, Outcomes, Notation).", "Nineteen participants randomly assigned to crossover sequence AB or BA (A: checklist; B: no checklist) practiced simulation scenarios with embedded errors.", "Nursing faculty used an observation form to track error data.", "Using the C-MATCH-REASON© checklist compared with not using the checklist supported rule adherence (p = .005), knowledge-based error reduction (p = .011), and total error reduction (p = .010).", "The null hypothesis was not rejected for errors found (p = .061) nor reported (p = .144), possibly due to sample size.", "C-MATCH-REASON© was effective for error reduction.", "Study replication with a larger sample is warranted.", "[J Nurs Educ.", "2024;63(5):320-327.", "]." ]

[ "Accurate analysis of injuries is paramount when allocating resources for prevention, research, education, and legislation.", "As burn mortality has improved over recent decades, the societal burden of burn injuries has grown ambiguous to the public while a scarcity of investigational funding for survivors has led to a gap in understanding lifelong sequela.", "We aim to compare national references reporting the incidence of burn injuries in the United States.", "The American Burn Association Burn Injury Summary Report (ABA-BISR), American Burn Association Fact Sheet, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting (WISQARS) database, the CDC National Center for Health Statistics' National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), National Inpatient Sample (NIS), National Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), and commercially available claims databases were queried for 2020 or the most recent data available.", "The BISR estimated 30,135 burn admissions in 2022.", "The 2016 ABA Fact Sheet reported 486,000 burns presented to US emergency departments (ED).", "In 2020, CDC's WISQARS database reported 3,529 fatal, and 287,926 non-fatal, burn injuries.", "The 2020 NEDS reported 438,185 ED visits while the 2020 NIS estimated 103,235 inpatients.", "The NHAMCS reported 359,000 ED visits for burn injuries in the same period, and an analysis of ICD-10 burn codes demonstrated over 698,555 claims.", "Our study demonstrates a large variability in the reported incidence of burn injury by the ABA, CDC, national samples, and claims databases.", "Per our analyses, we estimate that 600,000 individuals annually suffer a burn injury which merits emergent care in the United States." ]

[ "Accurate and complete surgical and pathology reports are the cornerstone of treatment decisions and cancer care excellence.", "Synoptic reporting is a process for reporting specific data elements in a specific format in surgical and pathology reports.", "Since 2007, The Canadian Partnership Against Cancer has led the implementation of synoptic reporting mechanisms across multiple cancer disease sites and jurisdictions across Canada.", "While the implementation of synoptic reporting has been successful, its use to drive improvements in the quality of cancer care delivery has been lacking.", "Here we describe the Partnership's 4-year, national multi-jurisdictional quality improvement initiative to catalyse the use synoptic data to drive cancer system improvements.", "Resources provided to the jurisdictions included operational funding, training in quality improvement methodology, national forums, expert coaches, and ad hoc monitoring and support.", "The program emphasized foundational concepts including data literacy, audit and feedback reports, communities of practice, and positive deviance methodology." ]

[ "Accurate and precise measures of health literacy (HL) is supportive for health policy making, tailoring health service design, and ensuring equitable access to health services.", "According to research, valid and reliable unidimensional HL measurement instruments explicitly targeted at young people (YP) are scarce.", "Thus, this study aims at assessing the psychometric properties of existing unidimensional instruments and developing an HL instrument suitable for YP aged 16-25 years.", "Applying the HLS19-Q47 in computer-assisted telephone interviews, we collected data in a representative sample comprising 890 YP aged 16-25 years in Norway.", "Applying the partial credit parameterization of the unidimensional Rasch model for polytomous data (PCM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with categorical variables, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the short versions of the HLS19-Q47; HLS19-Q12, HLS19-SF12, and HLS19-Q12-NO.", "A new 12-item short version for measuring HL in YP, HLS19-YP12, is suggested.", "The HLS19-Q12 did not display sufficient fit to the PCM, and the HLS19-SF12 was not sufficiently unidimensional.", "Relative to the PCM, some items in the HLS19-Q12, the HLS19-SF12, and the HLS19-Q12-NO discriminated poorly between participants at high and at low locations on the underlying latent trait.", "We observed disordered response categories for some items in the HLS19-Q12 and the HLS19-SF12.", "A few items in the HLS19-Q12, the HLS19-SF12, and the HLS19-Q12-NO displayed either uniform or non-uniform differential item functioning.", "Applying one-factorial CFA, none of the aforementioned short versions achieved exact fit in terms of non-significant model chi-square statistic, or approximate fit in terms of SRMR ≤ .080 and all entries ≤ .10 that were observed in the respective residual matrix.", "The newly suggested parsimonious 12-item scale, HLS19-YP12, displayed sufficiently fit to the PCM and achieved approximate fit using one-factorial CFA.", "Compared to other parsimonious 12-item short versions of HLS19-Q47, the HLS19-YP12 has superior psychometric properties and unconditionally proved its unidimensionality.", "The HLS19-YP12 offers an efficient and much-needed screening tool for use among YP, which is likely a useful application in processes towards the development and evaluation of health policy and public health work, as well as for use in clinical settings." ]

[ "Accurate assessment and enhancement of health-related skills among oncology patients are pivotal for optimizing cancer care.", "The Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13), a questionnaire designed to reflect an individual's knowledge, skills, and confidence in self-healthcare management, has been validated across diverse countries and settings.", "Concerns have been raised regarding the cross-situational applicability, as patients with specific diseases and cultural backgrounds interpret questionnaire items differently.", "This study aimed to examine the structural validity and psychometric properties of the PAM-13 in an oncological patient cohort.", "Baseline data from a longitudinal non-randomized controlled study involving cancer out-patients (n = 1,125) from Comprehensive Cancer Centres in Southern Germany were analysed.", "The German version of the PAM-13 was employed.", "With classical test and item response theory methods data quality, reliability, convergent and structural validity, as well as psychometric properties were assessed.", "Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were employed to investigate the postulated unidimensionality of the underlying construct.", "With a partial credit model (PCM) we examined item fit, targeting, local independence and differential item functioning.", "Participants were predominantly female (73.0%) with a breast cancer diagnosis (41.3%).", "While items were generally well-accepted, ceiling effects were observed and a high mean PAM-13 score (69.7, SD = 14.2) was noted, potentially compromising responsiveness to interventions.", "Reliability was adequate (Cronbach's α = 0.81), person and item separation reliability were good to excellent (0.81 and 0.99, respectively).", "Explorations of the unidimensionality of the construct (EFA, CFA, PCM) yielded inconclusive results, hinting towards a two-factor solution.", "Item difficulty rankings deviated from the original.", "No differential item functioning was identified, and local independence was confirmed.", "While the PAM-13 serves as a valuable instrument for comprehending and promoting health-related skills in cancer patients, the identification of ceiling effects, disordered item-difficulty rankings, and inconclusive findings regarding unidimensionality contribute to the expanding body of evidence, emphasizing the dependency of PAM-13's validity and reliability on distinctive characteristics within the population under investigation.", "Future research should prioritize refining or adding PAM-13 items to better capture the specific health-related challenges within diverse populations, paving the way for more effective patient engagement strategies in oncology.", "DRKS00021779." ]

[ "Accurate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk appraisal is essential for hypertensive patients to identify correctly their risk status and take efficient behavioral measures timely to avoid major adverse outcomes.", "However, hypertensive patients' risk perceptions of CVD events in Ethiopia are unknown.", "Thus, the study aimed to compare the subjective CVD risk perception level of patients with the nonlaboratory Framingham Risk Score (nl-FRS).", "A cross-sectional design was used.", "The Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease Risk Questionnaire and the nl-FRS were used to compare subjective versus objective measures of CVD risk.", "Agreement between participants' risk perceptions and the nl-FRS were examined using the kappa statistic.", "Bivariate chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression analyses were run to identify factors associated with risk perceptions.", "The statistical significance was set at a p-value < 0.05 level.", "Participants (n=377) had a mean age of 53.61 ± 12.80-years, range (18-82 years), 51.2% were males, 42.7% had less than high school education, 45.1% achieved target BP control, and mean HTN duration was 8.01 ± 6.07 years.", "The majority (58.62%) of the participants had a low subjective risk perception of CVD events (mean 17.79, 95% CI: 17.43-18.15).", "Approximately three-fourths (72.4%) had a moderate nl-FRS risk calculation (mean, 13.84, 95% CI: 13.36-14.33).", "Agreement between participants perceived-risk and the nl-FRS was poor (kappa = 0.0002, standard error = 0.023, p =0.99).", "Participants' CVD risk-perception inaccuracy was also high (76%) primarily due to underestimation.", "Hypertension duration, frequency of physician visits, and level of diabetes control were significant predictors of CVD risk underestimation.", "Hypertensive patients had inaccurate and low subjective risk perceptions of CVD events compared to moderate objective risks identified using the nl-FRS.", "Planned education on HTN and CVD risk factors is essential to improve patients' CVD risk perception to reduce adverse CVD events." ]

[ "Accurate epidemiological data are vital in estimating the burden of disease in a country.", "Little is known about the incidence of childhood cancer in Ghana.", "This study describes the incidence patterns of cancer in children below 14 years and 11 months from 2015 to 2019 at the only two main pediatric cancer referral centers in Ghana: Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH).", "Data on the incidence of cancer in children below 14 years and 11 months were collected retrospectively between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2019 from patients' medical folders at KBTH and the cancer registry at the pediatric units of KATH.", "Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data.", "Incident rates expressed as age-specific rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person-years using population estimates for age groups and sex in each year, were determined by age groups (0-4, 5-9, 10-14 years and 11 months), sex, region of residence and cancer types based on the International Childhood Cancer Classification, third edition.", "The total ASR per 100,000 person-years from 2015 to 2019 was 9.36 based on 1073 cases observed.", "The ASR increased from 1.6 per 100,000 person-years in 2015-2.41 in 2017, thereafter decreasing to 1.45 in 2019.", "The ASR was higher in male children (2.10 per 100,000 person-years), children between 0 and 4 years (0.27 per 100,000 person-years), and children living in the Greater Accra region (4.17 per 100,000 person-years).", "The most prevalent cancers were lymphomas (2.17 per 100,000 person-years) and leukemia (1.88 per 100,000 person-years).", "The study provides baseline information on the incidence patterns of childhood cancer from 2015 to 2019, addressing a critical gap in childhood cancer epidemiology in Ghana." ]

[ "Accurate estimation of an expected discharge date (EDD) early during hospitalization impacts clinical operations and discharge planning.", "We conducted a retrospective study of patients discharged from six general medicine units at an academic medical center in Boston, MA from January 2017 to June 2018.", "We retrieved all EDD entries and patient, encounter, unit, and provider data from the electronic health record (EHR), and public weather data.", "We excluded patients who expired, discharged against medical advice, or lacked an EDD within the first 24 h of hospitalization.", "We used generalized estimating equations in a multivariable logistic regression analysis to model early EDD accuracy (an accurate EDD entered within 24 h of admission), adjusting for all covariates and clustering by patient.", "We similarly constructed a secondary multivariable model using covariates present upon admission alone.", "Of 3917 eligible hospitalizations, 890 (22.7%) had at least one accurate early EDD entry.", "Factors significantly positively associated (OR > 1) with an accurate early EDD included clinician-entered EDD, admit day and discharge day during the work week, and teaching clinical units.", "Factors significantly negatively associated (OR < 1) with an accurate early EDD included Elixhauser Comorbidity Index ≥ 11 and length of stay of two or more days.", "C-statistics for the primary and secondary multivariable models were 0.75 and 0.60, respectively.", "EDDs entered within the first 24 h of admission were often inaccurate.", "While several variables from the EHR were associated with accurate early EDD entries, few would be useful for prospective prediction." ]

[ "Accurate identification of the failure modes of Reinforced Concrete (RC) columns based on the design parameters of the structural members is critical for earthquake-resistant design and safety evaluation of existing structures.", "Existing identification methods have some problems, such as high cost, incomplete consideration of influencing factors, and low precision or recall in identifying shear or flexural-shear failure.", "In this paper, the main factors for the failure modes of RC columns are first analyzed and studied.", "Then, the problem of class imbalance in data samples is investigated.", "To identify the failure modes of RC columns, oversampling of data (BSB-FMC), model ensembling (RFB-FMC), cost-sensitive learning (CSB-FMC) and a fusion model of three strategies (BSFCB-FMC) are proposed.", "And finally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method is used to provide a better interpretation of the designed model.", "The results show that the developed strategies can improve the accuracy of identifying the failure modes of RC columns compared to the models using a single Artificial Neural Network (ANN), a Support Vector Machine (SVM), a Random Forest (RF), and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost).", "The overall accuracy of the developed BSFCB-FMC model reaches 97%, and the precision and recall for the three failure modes are both above 90%.", "The designed model provides a solution for fast, accurate and cost-effective identification of the failure modes of RC columns." ]

[ "Accurate information on age is an essential prerequisite for demographic and epidemiological studies.", "This study analyzed the age data quality among the literate and illiterate (combined, rural, urban) population and examined the association between data quality and literacy.", "Secondary data on age statistics and literacy were obtained from census 2011.", "We measured age data quality for literates and illiterates (combined, rural, urban) by transforming Whipple's index known as ABCC, abbreviated based on surnames of the developers A'Hearn, Baten, and Crayen (2009).", "Correlation tests between literacy and ABCC were performed.", "RStudio (Version 1.3.1073) was used.", "Computed ABCC indices in majority states (union territories) for literates (data quality rough) were higher than illiterates (data quality very rough).", "Urban data among literates and rural data among illiterates were comparatively superior.", "Correlation between ABCC and literacy rates for (i) literate combined (R = 0.84, P = 3.5e-10), (ii) literate rural (R = 0.8, P = 1.1e-08), (iii) literate urban (R = 0.8, P = 1e-08), (iv) illiterate combined (R = 0.54, P = 9e-04), (v) illiterate rural (R = 0.48, P = 0.0034), and (vi) illiterate urban (R = 0.73, P = 6.4e-07) was significant.", "Age data quality for both literates and illiterates was poor.", "There was heaping at terminal digits \"0\" and \"5\" even among literates, which contradicts the theoretical expectation of quality data among literates.", "Correlations between data quality and literacy were significant, with comparatively lower magnitude among illiterates, which indicates the role of literacy in yielding quality data.", "Awareness, training, ADHAAR-based enumeration, and digitization may be suggested for better age data." ]

[ "Accurate knowledge and identification of anatomical landmarks on radiographic imaging are essential when preparing for any invasive procedure.", "The mental foramen has been the subject of many publications because of its significance as the origin point of the mental nerve and its proximity to the lower premolar area.", "The aim of this study was to assess the horizontal location of the mental foramen (MF) in the samples collected from the Faculty of Dental Medicine at Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.", "This included comparing genders, ages, and bilateral symmetry.", "In addition, the study aimed to assess inter-rater reliability in locating the mental foramen on a digital panoramic radiograph (OPG).", "A total of 334 digital panoramic radiographs were chosen for retrospective analysis from a total of 2,199 images taken from the Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, teaching hospital database.", "The locations were scored independently by four examiners.", "The area was divided into six zones, determined by drawing straight lines along the long axis of the premolars and contact areas.", "A scoring index of 1-6 was utilized to describe the location in relation to the premolars.", "Analysis was carried out using chi-square and descriptive statistics.", "The inter-rater reliability was calculated using Fleiss' Kappa to determine observer agreement.", "The ages of the patients ranged from 13 to 76 years, with a mean of 29.66.", "There was no significant difference related to gender, but there was a significant difference related to age.", "The most frequent location was zone 4, 47.6% on the left side and 51.5% on the right, followed by zone 5, 18.6% on the left side and 16.2% on the right, and zone 3, 15.3% on both the right and the left side.", "The location was symmetrical in 64.7% of the cases and asymmetrical in 35.3%.", "The inter-rater reliability among the examiners was fair.", "The findings of this study indicate that the MF's location was more closely related to the mandibular second premolar than the first premolar.", "Furthermore, bilateral symmetry was found in 65% of the sample.", "There was no statistical significance observed in differences between the genders.", "Both newly graduated and experienced dentists could identify the location of the MF from the radiograph using the MF's location in relation to the six zones." ]

[ "Accurate self-assessment is crucial for the professional development of physicians.", "There has been sparse data on the accuracy of self-assessments on Anesthesiology Milestones.", "The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between resident self-assessments and faculty-assessments on Anesthesiology Milestones and the associated factors.", "This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a general tertiary university-affiliated hospital.", "We included anesthesia residents who were enrolled in the standardized residency training program in postgraduate year two and three at the time of the Milestone evaluation.", "We requested evaluations of competencies from both the Clinical Competency Committee faculty and the anesthesia residents themselves, utilizing the Chinese version of Anesthesiology Milestones in January 2023 and January 2024.", "The primary outcome was the differences between self- and faculty-assessments, calculated by subtracting the faculty-rated score from the self-rated score on each subcompetency.", "A total of 46 and 42 residents were evaluated in year 2023 and 2024, respectively.", "The self-rated sum score was significantly higher than that rated by faculty [mean (standardized deviation): 120.39 (32.41) vs. 114.44 (23.71), P = 0.008 in paired t test] with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.55 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31 to 0.70].", "The Bland-Altman plots revealed significant overestimation in patient care (bias 0.32, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.60), practice-based learning and improvement (bias 0.45, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.84), and professionalism (bias 0.37, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.72).", "Ratings from residents with master's degrees (mean difference: -1.06, 95% CI: -1.80 to -0.32, P = 0.005) and doctorate degrees (mean difference: -1.14, 95% CI: -1.91 to -0.38, P = 0.003) were closer to the faculty-assessments than residents with bachelor's degrees.", "Compared with patient care, the differences between self- and faculty- rated scores were smaller in medical knowledge (mean difference: -0.18, 95% CI: -0.35 to -0.02, P = 0.031) and interpersonal and communication skills (mean difference: -0.41, 95% CI: -0.64 to -0.19, P < 0.001) in the generalized estimating equation logistic regression model.", "This study revealed that residents tended to overestimate themselves, emphasizing the need to improve the accuracy of Milestones self-assessment.", "The differences between self- and faculty-assessments were associated with residents' degrees and domains of competency." ]

[ "Accurate volumetric segmentation of brain tumors and tissues is beneficial for quantitative brain analysis and brain disease identification in multi-modal Magnetic Resonance (MR) images.", "Nevertheless, due to the complex relationship between modalities, 3D Fully Convolutional Networks (3D FCNs) using simple multi-modal fusion strategies hardly learn the complex and nonlinear complementary information between modalities.", "Meanwhile, the indiscriminative feature aggregation between low-level and high-level features easily causes volumetric feature misalignment in 3D FCNs.", "On the other hand, the 3D convolution operations of 3D FCNs are excellent at modeling local relations but typically inefficient at capturing global relations between distant regions in volumetric images.", "To tackle these issues, we propose an Aligned Cross-Modality Interaction Network (ACMINet) for segmenting the regions of brain tumors and tissues from MR images.", "In this network, the cross-modality feature interaction module is first designed to adaptively and efficiently fuse and refine multi-modal features.", "Secondly, the volumetric feature alignment module is developed for dynamically aligning low-level and high-level features by the learnable volumetric feature deformation field.", "Thirdly, we propose the volumetric dual interaction graph reasoning module for graph-based global context modeling in spatial and channel dimensions.", "Our proposed method is applied to brain glioma, vestibular schwannoma, and brain tissue segmentation tasks, and we performed extensive experiments on BraTS2018, BraTS2020, Vestibular Schwannoma, and iSeg-2017 datasets.", "Experimental results show that ACMINet achieves state-of-the-art segmentation performance on all four benchmark datasets and obtains the highest DSC score of hard-segmented enhanced tumor region on the validation leaderboard of the BraTS2020 challenge." ]

[ "Accurate, reliable, non-invasive assessment of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer is essential for proper disease management.", "Quantitative assessment of multi-parametric MRI, such as through artificial intelligence or spectral/statistical approaches, can provide a non-invasive objective determination of the prostate tumor aggressiveness without side effects or potential poor sampling from needle biopsy or overdiagnosis from prostate serum antigen measurements.", "To simplify and expedite prostate tumor evaluation, this study examined the efficacy of autonomously extracting tumor spectral signatures for spectral/statistical algorithms for spatially registered bi-parametric MRI.", "Spatially registered hypercubes were digitally constructed by resizing, translating, and cropping from the image sequences (Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), High B-value, T2) from 42 consecutive patients in the bi-parametric MRI PI-CAI dataset.", "Prostate cancer blobs exceeded a threshold applied to the registered set from normalizing the registered set into an image that maximizes High B-value, but minimizes the ADC and T2 images, appearing \"green\" in the color composite.", "Clinically significant blobs were selected based on size, average normalized green value, sliding window statistics within a blob, and position within the hypercube.", "The center of mass and maximized sliding window statistics within the blobs identified voxels associated with tumor signatures.", "We used correlation coefficients (R) and p-values, to evaluate the linear regression fits of the z-score and SCR (with processed covariance matrix) to tumor aggressiveness, as well as Area Under the Curves (AUC) for Receiver Operator Curves (ROC) from logistic probability fits to clinically significant prostate cancer.", "The highest R (R > 0.45), AUC (>0.90), and lowest p-values (<0.01) were achieved using z-score and modified registration applied to the covariance matrix and tumor signatures selected from the \"greenest\" parts from the selected blob.", "The first autonomous tumor signature applied to spatially registered bi-parametric MRI shows promise for determining prostate tumor aggressiveness." ]

[ "accurately classifying the malignancy of lesions detected in a screening scan is critical for reducing false positives.", "Radiomics holds great potential to differentiate malignant from benign tumors by extracting and analyzing a large number of quantitative image features.", "Since not all radiomic features contribute to an effective classifying model, selecting an optimal feature subset is critical.", "this work proposes a new multi-objective based feature selection (MO-FS) algorithm that considers sensitivity and specificity simultaneously as the objective functions during feature selection.", "For MO-FS, we developed a modified entropy-based termination criterion that stops the algorithm automatically rather than relying on a preset number of generations.", "We also designed a solution selection methodology for multi-objective learning that uses the evidential reasoning approach (SMOLER) to automatically select the optimal solution from the Pareto-optimal set.", "Furthermore, we developed an adaptive mutation operation to generate the mutation probability in MO-FS automatically.", "we evaluated the MO-FS for classifying lung nodule malignancy in low-dose CT and breast lesion malignancy in digital breast tomosynthesis.", "the experimental results demonstrated that the feature set selected by MO-FS achieved better classification performance than features selected by other commonly used methods.", "the proposed method is general and more effective radiomic feature selection strategy." ]

[ "Accurately measuring and recording the length or area of lesions affects the judgement of the forensic report, surgical wound management and, in some countries, the billing of health care services.", "The aim of this study was to determine whether the length and area of lesions described by physicians by estimation are accurate.", "This study was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive study and was conducted with 494 participants consisting of internists and physicians at Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Medicine.", "The participants were asked to estimate the lengths or areas of 6 different shapes in the questionnaire form without using a measuring instrument.", "Of the participants, 216 (43.7%) were interned physicians and 278 (56.3%) were physicians.", "Most 122 people (24.7%) answered the curved line shape with a length of 4 cm as \"exact value\".", "The average of the values given by the internists to each shape was higher than the average of the values given by the physicians to each shape and was found to be further away from the true value.", "It was determined that more than half of the participants gave values above the actual length and area values of the shapes.", "It was observed that the rate of correct estimation of line shapes was higher than the rate of correct estimation of area shapes both as exact values and with ±10% margin of error.", "For line shapes, it was observed that the number of those who gave exact values decreased as the line length increased.", "When preparing forensic reports, determining surgical wound management and billing, estimated data should not be used in lesion description.", "It would also be useful to develop tools that will enable physicians to make measurements in terms of easy use." ]

[ "Accurately measuring the evolution of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) critically informs understanding of disease progression and helps to direct therapeutic strategy.", "Deep learning models have shown promise for automatically segmenting MS lesions, but the scarcity of accurately annotated data hinders progress in this area.", "Obtaining sufficient data from a single clinical site is challenging and does not address the heterogeneous need for model robustness.", "Conversely, the collection of data from multiple sites introduces data privacy concerns and potential label noise due to varying annotation standards.", "To address this dilemma, we explore the use of the federated learning framework while considering label noise.", "Our approach enables collaboration among multiple clinical sites without compromising data privacy under a federated learning paradigm that incorporates a noise-robust training strategy based on label correction.", "Specifically, we introduce a Decoupled Hard Label Correction (DHLC) strategy that considers the imbalanced distribution and fuzzy boundaries of MS lesions, enabling the correction of false annotations based on prediction confidence.", "We also introduce a Centrally Enhanced Label Correction (CELC) strategy, which leverages the aggregated central model as a correction teacher for all sites, enhancing the reliability of the correction process.", "Extensive experiments conducted on two multi-site datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed methods, indicating their potential for clinical applications in multi-site collaborations to train better deep learning models with lower cost in data collection and annotation." ]

[ "Accurately predicting distant metastasis in head & neck cancer has the potential to improve patient survival by allowing early treatment intensification with systemic therapy for high-risk patients.", "By extracting large amounts of quantitative features and mining them, radiomics has achieved success in predicting treatment outcomes for various diseases.", "However, there are several challenges associated with conventional radiomic approaches, including: (1) how to optimally combine information extracted from multiple modalities; (2) how to construct models emphasizing different objectives for different clinical applications; and (3) how to utilize and fuse output obtained by multiple classifiers.", "To overcome these challenges, we propose a unified model termed as multifaceted radiomics (M-radiomics).", "In M-radiomics, a deep learning with stacked sparse autoencoder is first utilized to fuse features extracted from different modalities into one representation feature set.", "A multi-objective optimization model is then introduced into M-radiomics where probability-based objective functions are designed to maximize the similarity between the probability output and the true label vector.", "Finally, M-radiomics employs multiple base classifiers to get a diverse Pareto-optimal model set and then fuses the output probabilities of all the Pareto-optimal models through an evidential reasoning rule fusion (ERRF) strategy in the testing stage to obtain the final output probability.", "Experimental results show that M-radiomics with the stacked autoencoder outperforms the model without the autoencoder.", "M-radiomics obtained more accurate results with a better balance between sensitivity and specificity than other single-objective or single-classifier-based models." ]

[ "Accurately predicting kidney outcomes in IgA nephropathy is crucial for clinical decision making.", "Insufficient use of longitudinal data in previous studies has limited the accuracy and interpretability of prediction models for failing to reflect the chronic nature of IgA nephropathy.", "This study aimed at establishing a multivariable dynamic deep learning model using comprehensive longitudinal data for the prediction of kidney outcomes in IgA nephropathy.", "In this retrospective cohort study of 2,056 IgA nephropathy patients at 18 kidney centers, a total of 28,317 data points were collected by the sliding window method.", "Among them, 15,462 windows in a single center were randomly assigned to training (80%) and validation (20%) sets while 8797 windows in 18 kidney centers were assigned to an independently test set.", "Interpretable Multi-Variable Long Short-Term Memory (IMV-LSTM), a deep learning model, was implemented to predict kidney outcomes (kidney failure or 50% decline in kidney function) based on time-invariant variables measured at biopsy and time-variant variables measured during follow-up.", "Risk performance was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and the C statistic.", "Trajectory analysis was performed to assess the various trends of clinical variables during follow-up.", "The model achieved a higher C statistic (0.93; 95% CI, 0.92-0.95) on the test set than the XGBoost prediction model that we developed in a previous study using only baseline information (C statistic, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.80-0.88).", "Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that groups with lower predicted risks from the full model survived longer than groups with higher risks.", "Time-variant variables demonstrated higher importance scores than time-invariant variables.", "Within time-variant variables, more recent measurements showed higher importance scores.", "Further interpretation showed that certain trajectory groups of time-variant variables such as serum creatinine and urine protein were associated with elevated risks of adverse outcomes.", "In IgA nephropathy, a deep learning model can be used to accurately and dynamically predict kidney prognosis based on longitudinal data, and time-variant variables show strong ability to predict kidney outcome." ]

[ "Achieving high academic success is known to be influenced by many factors including, but not limiting to, physical and mental health.", "The present study aimed to assess the relationship between physical health, mental health, and university students' success, and to explore the associations between these factors and their academic achievement.", "A cross-sectional, self-administered online survey was used to collect data from college students in three different universities in Lebanon during the Fall 2023 semester.", "Mental health was evaluated using validated screening tools for depression, anxiety, and stress, specifically the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), respectively.", "Additionally, general questions regarding physical health and lifestyle factors were incorporated into the questionnaire.", "Academic achievement was measured using students' grade point average (GPA).", "A total of 261 students completed the self-administered online survey.", "The results revealed that approximately 42% and 36% of students were experiencing moderate to severe symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively, and 75.1% of students exhibited symptoms of moderate stress.", "The majority of participants (99.2%) did not report any physical disability.", "Chi-square analysis revealed a significant association between mental health status (depression, anxiety, and stress) and GPA level (p = 0.03, p = 0.044, p = 0.015, respectively).", "Multiple logistic regression models identified eight correlates of GPA and highlighted the relationship between physical health and student success.", "For instance, students who considered themselves moderately active had lower odds of achieving a higher GPA than those who considered themselves active (OR = 0.41, p = 0.045).", "This is the first investigation into Lebanese university students' academic success in relation to lifestyle and mental health profiles.", "The findings indicate that implementing public health programs and interventions targeting mental health and lifestyle behaviors is essential for enhancing student success." ]

[ "Achieving virtual elimination of HIV transmission in Australia requires a combination of high treatment rates and high testing coverage among individuals at risk of acquiring HIV.", "HIV self-testing (HIVST) is an additional testing approach for key populations.", "We aimed to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HIVST among Asian-born gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM).", "This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews of overseas-born GBMSM of Asian background in Australia.", "Participants were recruited from personal networks, social media platforms, snowballing, and the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre.", "Twenty-five participants were purposively sampled with a range of ages and previous levels of experience with HIVST.", "Interview transcripts were imported into Nvivo 12 for data management.", "The age of the participants ranged from 19 to 44 years, with a median of 30 years.", "Most were unaware of HIVST before the interview, and only a few had ever used one.", "All had limited sexual health knowledge (i.e., HIV testing, PrEP) before they arrived in Australia.", "Upon learning about HIVST during the interview, many expressed willingness to use HIVST, but in limited circumstances, such as traveling overseas, interim testing while taking on-demand PrEP, and point-of-sex testing.", "Almost all were open to distributing HIVST to their casual partners or friends, especially those they knew who engaged in high-risk sexual practice (i.e., condomless anal sex) and were not engaged in sexual healthcare.", "About half still preferred conventional serology testing because of regular HIV testing as part of PrEP prescription and the need for testing for other sexually transmitted infections.", "HIVST may be an acceptable additional testing approach for HIV testing among Asian-born GBMSM.", "Peer education and secondary distribution may help raise HIVST awareness and use." ]

[ "Acne is a prevalent inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous unit, which seriously affects the appearance and mental health of patients.", "Bibliometrics is the statistical analysis of academic literature in a certain field.", "We aimed to characterize the 100 most cited articles on acne from a bibliometric perspective, as well as explore the frontier hotspots and trends of acne.", "A search was conducted on the Web of Science database on August 8, 2023. we employed the terms \"acne,\" \"acne Vulgaris,\" and \"common acne\" in our search.", "The top 100 articles with the most citations throughout the time frame of 2014 to 2023 were discovered and assessed.", "The visualization study was carried out using bibliometric tools such as CiteSpace 6.2.R4, VOSviewer 1.6.18, and MapChart.", "The top 100 most cited articles were published between 2014 and 2021, originated from a diverse range of 48 countries, with a predominant focus on the United States of America (USA) and Germany.", "The top 100 papers were cited between 50 and 712 times.", "Dreno B, from Nantes University, was the most frequently nominated author.", "With 12 papers, the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology contributed the most to the top 100 list.", "Alongside the term \"acne\", the following terms or phrases were observed frequency in the top 100 articles, Cutibacterium acnes, sebaceous, western diet, antibiotic resistance, staphylococcus-epidermidis, insulinlike growth factor 1, benzoyl peroxide, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.", "Alongside the term \"acne\", terms or phrases such as Cutibacterium acnes, sebaceous, western diet, antibiotic resistance, staphylococcus-epidermidis, insulinlike growth factor 1, benzoyl peroxide, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc also have a high frequency in the top 100 articles.", "This analysis summarizes the shifting trends of acne research over the last decades.", "Research on acne is currently flourishing.", "The related pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies have been the focus of current research and developmental trends in future research." ]

[ "Acne Vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, with a prevalence of about 80% among adolescents and adults.", "The study was designed to assess knowledge and treatment behavior of acne vulgaris among female students of the University of Nigeria, Enugu campus, Nigeria.", "Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study.", "Three hundred and nineteen (319) female students of the University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus recruited through stratified random sampling were involved in the study.", "A questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.80 Cronchbach alpha was used for data collection.", "Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of Nigeria, Teaching Hospital.", "Ethical principles of Informed consent, confidentiality and anonymity were maintained in the study.", "Data were presented in tables and analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency, percentages, means and standard deviation; and Chi-square (P < 0.05) inferential statistics.", "Majority (95.3% (304)) of the respondents have good knowledge of acne vulgaris.", "Consultation with a dermatologist was seen as very important for the management of acne vulgaris (M = 3.42 ± 0.62), removing acne by squeezing is not considered necessary (M = 2.04 ± 0.92) and the majority of the respondents (86.8%) use medically approved drugs and formulations like cleansers, exfoliants, sunscreen.", "No statistically significant relationship was found between the level of academic study and knowledge of acne vulgaris.", "Nurse educators must consolidate health campaigns on the evidence-based treatment options available for acne vulgaris.", "This is necessary to prevent complications arising from the use of untested dermatological products." ]

[ "Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory skin condition that is associated with poor acne health literacy.", "Diminished acne health literacy leads to delays in the access of health care, resulting in mismanagement, disfigurement, and psychosocial morbidity.", "This study evaluates the potential role of early acne education in young adolescent populations to improve acne health literacy and facilitate help-seeking behavior.", "The Acne Education Project is a Canadian medical student-led initiative founded to create evidence-based resources to increase acne health literacy.", "A 45-min interactive Zoom presentation on acne was created and delivered to 2292 students ages 9-13 in British Columbia, Canada.", "A quality improvement survey was administered pre-intervention, immediate post-intervention, and 1-month post-intervention to evaluate baseline acne knowledge and knowledge retention to guide presentation and resource development.", "Responses from 676 unique individuals were collected.", "Analysis using linear mixed-effects models demonstrated that respondents were significantly more confident in their general knowledge of acne, strategies to prevent acne, identification of psychosocial sequelae of acne, and more willing to seek help immediately post-intervention (p < .001).", "Differences in scores were not fully preserved in magnitude at the 1-month post-intervention assessment.", "However, students still scored significantly higher in all categories compared to the pre-intervention baseline (p < .001).", "Our findings suggest that early acne education can improve acne health literacy and promote help-seeking behavior.", "Given the potential long-term implications, further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of early acne education and the benefit of integrating acne education into the public education curriculum in Canada." ]

[ "Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a leading cause of death and disability in children and can lead to lasting cognitive, physical, and psychosocial outcomes that affect school performance.", "Students with an ABI experience challenges returning to school due in part to lack of educator support and ABI awareness.", "A lack of knowledge and training contribute to educators feeling unprepared to support students with ABI.", "Teach-ABI, an online professional development module, was created to enhance educators' ABI knowledge and awareness to best support students.", "Using a case-based approach, Teach-ABI explains what an ABI is, identifies challenges for students with ABI in the classroom, discusses the importance of an individualized approach to supporting students with ABI, and describes how to support a student with an ABI in the classroom.", "This study aims to assess the usability of and satisfaction with Teach-ABI by elementary school educators.", "The following questions were explored: (1) Can elementary school teachers use and navigate Teach-ABI?, (2) Are the content and features of Teach-ABI satisfactory?, and (3) What modifications are needed to improve Teach-ABI?", "Elementary school educators currently employed or in training to be employed in Ontario elementary schools were recruited.", "Using Zoom, individual online meetings with a research team member were held, where educators actively reviewed Teach-ABI.", "Module usability was evaluated through qualitative analysis of think-aloud data and semistructured interviews, direct observation, user success rate during task completion, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) scores.", "The usability benchmark selected was 70% of participants performing more than half of module tasks independently.", "A total of 8 female educators participated in the study.", "Educators were classroom (n=7) and preservice (n=1) teachers from public (n=7) and private (n=1) school boards.", "In terms of task performance, more than 85% of participants (ie, 7/8) independently completed 10 out of 11 tasks and 100% of participants independently completed 7 out of 11 tasks, demonstrating achievement of the module usability goal.", "The average overall SUS score was 86.25, suggesting a high satisfaction level with the perceived usability of Teach-ABI.", "Overall, participants found Teach-ABI content valuable, useful, and aligned with the realities of their profession.", "Participants appreciated the visual design, organization, and varying use of education strategies within Teach-ABI.", "Opportunities for enhancement included broadening content case examples of students with ABI and enhancing the accessibility of the content.", "Validated usability measures combined with qualitative methodology revealed educators' high level of satisfaction with the design, content, and navigation of Teach-ABI.", "Educators engaged with the module as active participants in knowledge construction, as they reflected, questioned, and connected content to their experiences and knowledge.", "This study established strong usability and satisfaction with Teach-ABI and demonstrated the importance of usability testing in building online professional development modules." ]

[ "Acquired immune deficiency virus, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, is a significant global health concern.", "Sub-Saharan Africa particularly Ethiopia faces a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus.", "In low-income settings like Ethiopia, early mortality rates are elevated due to severe opportunistic infections and advanced disease at Anti-retroviral treatment initiation.", "Despite available treatments, delayed treatment initiation among Human Immunodeficiency Virus -infected individuals in Africa, including Ethiopia, leads to disease progression and increased mortality risk.", "This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the death of HIV patients under treatment at second line regimen in public hospitals of North Wollo and Waghemira Zones.", "A retrospective cohort study with 474 patients was conducted in selected hospitals of North Wollo and Waghemira Zones.", "A parametric Weibull regression model was employed, and the adjusted hazard ratio served as the measure of association.", "Variables significantly affected the outcome of the study was determined at a p-value < 0.05, along with a 95% confidence interval for the variables.", "The patients were within the average age of 38.6(standard deviation ± 12.5) years and majority (45.57%) had no formal education.", "The overall death incidence rate among second-line anti-retroviral treatment patients was 1.98 per 100-person years [95% CI 1.4-2.9%].", "Poor adherence to antiretroviral treatment, male gender, and being underweight significantly increased the hazard of death.", "Conversely, increased anti-retroviral treatment duration had a significant and negative impact, reducing the hazard of death among patients.", "The study reveals a high incidence of death among second line anti-retroviral treatment users.", "Independent predictors include poor adherence, male gender, and underweight status, all significantly increasing the risk of death.", "On the positive side, the hazard of death decreases with longer anti-retroviral treatment duration.", "A critical concern and counseling should be given for better ART adherence, to change their nutritional status and for males." ]

[ "Across Canada, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and educational psychologists (EPs) work in schools to identify and diagnose childhood learning difficulties, including language disorders; however, both professional groups use different terms to identify and diagnose them.", "Using the term developmental language disorder (DLD), developed by the CATALISE consortium, would provide consistency across fields.", "To effectively implement the use of DLD, it is crucial to understand how EPs and SLPs currently identify childhood language disorders and to investigate the potential impact of a practice change in this area.", "The study conducted 13 moderated focus groups and one one-on-one semistructured interview across six Canadian provinces in English and French.", "We found some social and structural barriers that impact SLPs' and EPs' current practice of identifying and diagnosing language disorders generally (e.g., the belief that children should not be labeled \"too early,\" institutions that prioritize certain professional diagnoses over others, board policies that do not allocate funds for language disorders, professionals' reticence to convey difficult information such as a diagnosis to collaborators) and DLD specifically (e.g., different professional taxonomies, lack of familiarity with or uncertainty about the label, not recognized as a condition in schools that may or may not even identify language disorder as a category of exceptionality).", "Nevertheless, the focus groups also revealed the extent to which DLD could be useful in their current practice.", "Both EPs and SLPs acknowledged the importance of working together; therefore, DLD could inspire more collaborative practice between SLPs and EPs around language disorders." ]

[ "Across the globe, morbidity and mortality due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are major public health issues.", "The resulting concern is not just epidemiological but also about the economic consequences at the household level.", "To assess the various facets of out-of-pocket spending (OOPs) incurring on NCDs, namely hypertension and diabetes on patients attending a healthcare teaching institute in Rajasthan.", "This cross-sectional study involves patients older than 18 years attending either out-patient clinics or who were admitted in the wards in a healthcare teaching institute for seeking care for diabetes or hypertension.", "Four hundred patients were chosen purposively and a pretested questionnaire was used to elicit information on incurring OOPs for NCDs.", "Descriptive statistics (like percentage, mean, median, and standard deviation) were calculated.", "The study shows a significant expenditure other than out-patient, in-patient admissions, in the form of personal expenditure and loss of employment, amounting to 31.86 and 34.07%, respectively, of the mean total expenditure.", "In a quarter (3 months), the mean total expenditure is ₹ 9014.37 ± 6452.37.", "On average, the OOP expenditure per visit for an out-patient visit was ₹370.54 ± 237, while for the patients admitted to the hospital, the average OOPs was ₹1564.72 ± 1310.5.", "Health expenditures can contribute toward the impoverishment of many segments of the community.", "Undoubtedly, numerous people may tend to neglect the needed care for NCDs due to financial hurdles.", "Thus, there is a need to develop NCD care management centers with health insurance packages and make them accessible for all." ]

[ "Across two experiments (N=799) we demonstrate that people's use of quantitative information (e.g., base-rates) when making a judgment varies as the causal link of qualitative information (e.g., stereotypes) changes.", "That is, when a clear causal link for stereotypes is provided, people make judgments that are far more in line with them.", "When the causal link is heavily diminished, people readily incorporate non-causal base-rates into their judgments instead.", "We suggest that people use and integrate all of the information that is provided to them to make judgements, but heavily prioritize information that is causal in nature.", "Further, people are sensitive to the underlying causal structures in their environment and adapt their decision making as such." ]

[ "Action planning is a brief and effective behaviour change technique (BCT) to improve physical activity (PA) and diet behaviour (DB).", "This study aimed to identify critical BCTs and mechanisms of action (MoAs) to interpret the effectiveness of planning interventions based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model.", "Systematic review.", "PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection (EBSCO), psyARTICLES and Medline were searched for studies from January 1990 to September 2021 published in English.", "Experiment involving action planning intervention to improve PA or DB in community-dwelling adult patients with chronic conditions.", "Two reviewers independently coded the planning interventions into BCT combinations and MoA assemblies.", "Outcome was dichotomised according to the statistical power and Cohen's d. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies-of Interventions assessment tool were used to assess the quality of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs, respectively.", "From the 52 included studies, 46 BCTs were identified and linked to 21 MoAs.", "Long-term facilitators for planning intervention included 'self-monitoring of behaviour', 'problem solving', 'instruction on how to perform the behaviour' and 'adding objects to the environments'.", "The three most frequently occurring MoAs were 'intention', 'behavioural regulation', 'beliefs about capabilities'.", "The effective intervention groups had higher MoA scores that corresponded to the HAPA model constructs than the ineffective groups.", "The findings from this review may inform scientific and effective planning intervention designs for community-dwelling people with chronic conditions in the future.", "CRD42021241227." ]

[ "Active engagement with feedback is crucial for feedback to be effective and improve students' learning and achievement.", "Medical students are provided feedback on their development in the progress test (PT), which has been implemented in various medical curricula, although its format, integration and feedback differ across institutions.", "Existing research on engagement with feedback in the context of PT is not sufficient to make a definitive judgement on what works and which barriers exist.", "Therefore, we conducted an interview study to explore students' feedback use in medical progress testing.", "All Dutch medical students participate in a national, curriculum-independent PT four times a year.", "This mandatory test, composed of multiple-choice questions, provides students with written feedback on their scores.", "Furthermore, an answer key is available to review their answers.", "Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 preclinical and clinical medical students who participated in the PT.", "Template analysis was performed on the qualitative data using a priori themes based on previous research on feedback use.", "Template analysis revealed that students faced challenges in crucial internal psychological processes that impact feedback use, including 'awareness', 'cognizance', 'agency' and 'volition'.", "Factors such as stakes, available time, feedback timing and feedback presentation contributed to these difficulties, ultimately hindering feedback use.", "Notably, feedback engagement was higher during clinical rotations, and students were interested in the feedback when seeking insights into their performance level and career perspectives.", "Our study enhanced the understanding of students' feedback utilisation in medical progress testing by identifying key processes and factors that impact feedback use.", "By recognising and addressing barriers in feedback use, we can improve both student and teacher feedback literacy, thereby transforming the PT into a more valuable learning tool." ]

[ "Active involvement of persons living with dementia (PLWD) and long-term care (LTC) users in research is essential but less developed compared to other patient groups.", "However, their involvement in research is not only important but also feasible.", "This study aims to provide an overview of methods, facilitators, and barriers for involving PLWD and LTC users in scientific research.", "A systematic literature search across 12 databases in December 2020 identified studies involving PLWD, LTC users, or their carers beyond research subjects and describing methods or models for involvement.", "Qualitative descriptions of involvement methods underwent a risk of bias assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Qualitative Checklist 2018.", "A data collection sheet in Microsoft Excel and thematic analysis were used to synthesize the results.", "The eighteen included studies delineated five core involvement methods spanning all research phases: advisory groups, formal and informal research team meetings, action groups, workshops, and co-conducting interviews.", "Additionally, two co-research models with PLWD and carers were found, while only two studies detailed LTC user involvement methods.", "Four distinct involvement roles were identified: consulting and advisory roles, co-analysts, co-researchers, and partners.", "The review also addressed barriers, facilitators, and good practices in the preparation, execution, and translation phases of research, emphasizing the importance of diversity, bias reduction, and resource allocation.", "Trust-building, clear roles, ongoing training, and inclusive support were highlighted.", "Planning enough time for active involvement is important to ensure that researchers have time to build a trusting relationship and meet personal needs and preferences of PLWD, LTC users and carers.", "Researchers are advised not to presume the meaning of burden and to avoid a deficit perspective.", "A flexible or emergent design could aid involved persons' ownership of the research process.", "Prospero 2021: CRD42021253736." ]

[ "Active learning (AL) attempts to select informative samples in a dataset to minimize the number of required labels while maximizing the performance of the model.", "Current AL in segmentation tasks is limited to the expansion of popular classification-based methods including entropy, MC-dropout, etc.", "Meanwhile, most applications in the medical field are simply migrations that fail to consider the nature of medical images, such as high class imbalance, high domain difference, and data scarcity.", "In this study, we address these challenges and propose a novel AL framework for medical image segmentation task.", "Our approach introduces a pseudo-label-based filter addressing excessive blank patches in medical abnormalities segmentation tasks, e.g., lesions, and tumors, used before the AL selection.", "This filter helps reduce resource usage and allows the model to focus on selecting more informative samples.", "For the sample selection, we propose a novel query strategy that combines both model impact and data stability by employing adversarial attack.", "Furthermore, we harness the adversarial samples generated during the query process to enhance the robustness of the model.", "The experimental results verify our framework's effectiveness over various state-of-the-art methods.", "Our proposed method only needs less than 14% annotated patches in 3D brain MRI multiple sclerosis (MS) segmentation tasks and 20% for Low-Grade Glioma (LGG) tumor segmentation to achieve competitive results with full supervision.", "These promising outcomes not only improve performance but alleviate the time burden associated with expert annotation, thereby facilitating further advancements in the field of medical image segmentation.", "Our code is available at https://github.com/HelenMa9998/adversarial_active_learning." ]

[ "Active learning has been shown to increase STEM student engagement and decrease the achievement gap among underrepresented students.", "As a parallel to the lack of equity in STEM education, BIPOC patients who require a life-saving hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are much less likely-sometimes less than half as likely-than individuals of White-European descent to find a suitable donor when using the National Marrow Donation Program (NMDP).", "The Be the Match (BtM) Registry has made significant improvements in the likelihood of matching underrepresented patients, but the disparity persists.", "This activity uses a service-learning project to teach undergraduate students about stem cell donation and to add potential stem cell donors to the BtM Registry.", "A small data set of pre-/post-surveys from one cohort shows learning gains on the topic of HCT.", "The approach is flexible and scalable, and students overwhelmingly reported the project as a great use of class time and very rewarding." ]

[ "Active learning strategies engage students and promote student-centered learning environments.", "Implementing active learning in a HyFlex environment during the Fall of 2020 global pandemic was challenging.", "We describe the Interactive Synchronous HyFlex approach to teaching design thinking at the introductory college level and explore impacts on students' basic psychological needs, including autonomy, competence, and relatedness.", "Aligned with Self-Determination Theory, active learning has been shown to motivate students and increase performance and retention in science, engineering, and mathematics disciplines, among others (Freeman et al., 2014; Lo & Hew, 2019).", "In active environments, the predominant mode of instruction is not lecture based and it engages students through student-to-student interactions and student-to-instructor interactions.", "The flipped classroom is a pedagogical model in which the typical lecture and homework elements of a course are reversed.", "This model of instruction is ideal for our design thinking course used as a context for this study because students are challenged to learn by doing.", "In active learning courses, students engage in video-recorded lectures or talks, text-based materials and online quizzes, or other preparation activities before and in preparation for class (Bishop & Verleger, 2013; Lo et al., 2017; O'Flaherty & Phillips, 2015).", "Scheduled class meeting time is used for engagement and interaction between students informed by a social constructivist learning theory.", "Students challenge each other to apply what they have learned with guidance and support from the instructor." ]

[ "Active mobility, such as cycling and walking, is assuming a growing significance in the daily lives of urban residents in China due to its positive impact on health and the environment.", "The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic has elicited significant changes in behaviors, perceptions, and intellectual viewpoints in this domain, potentially altering residents' physical activities in the long-term.", "This scoping review seeks to delve into the multi-dimensional influence of the epidemic on active mobility in urban China.", "A thorough investigation of English and Chinese studies up to January 2024 was conducted, drawing from articles in Web of Science and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure.", "Only empirical studies providing knowledge into this subject were selected in the review, which comprised 20 studies in total.", "This review indicates that the influence of COVID-19 on active urban mobility in China has exhibited contradictory outcomes in terms of behavior.", "Besides, the experiences during the epidemic have significantly shaped citizens' attitudes and understanding of active mobility.", "The repercussions of the epidemic and the ensuing restrictions exacerbate the existing challenges faced by women, particularly those who are married, the older adult, and individuals with low incomes.", "The results exhibit both resemblances and idiosyncrasies when juxtaposed with prior research conducted in different nations.", "This analysis also offers valuable insights for improving active mobility across individual, organizational, and socio-political realms.", "The current state of empirical understanding in this field underscores the need for further research endeavors employing diverse methodological approaches and increased emphasis on the transformations anticipated in the post-epidemic era." ]

[ "Active Support is a person-centred practice that enables people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) to engage in meaningful activities and social interactions.", "The Active Support Measure (ASM) is an observational tool designed to measure the quality of support that people with IDs living in supported accommodation services receive from staff.", "The aim of the study was to explore the underlying constructs of the ASM.", "Multilevel exploratory factor analysis was conducted on ASM data (n = 884 people with IDs across 236 accommodation services) collected during a longitudinal study of Active Support in Australian accommodation services.", "Multilevel exploratory factor analysis indicated that 12 of the ASM's 15 items loaded on two factors, named Supporting Engagement in Activities and Interacting with the Person.", "The 12-item ASM measures two dimensions of the quality of staff support.", "Both technical and interpersonal skills comprise good Active Support." ]

[ "Active surveillance (AS) is the preferred strategy for low-risk prostate cancer (LRPC); however, limited data on determinants of AS adoption exist, particularly among Black men.", "Black and White newly diagnosed (from January 2014 through June 2017) patients with LRPC ≤75 years of age were identified through metro-Detroit and Georgia population-based cancer registries and completed a survey evaluating factors influencing AS uptake.", "Among 1688 study participants, 57% chose AS (51% of Black participants, 61% of White) over definitive treatment.", "In the unadjusted analysis, patient factors associated with initial AS uptake included older age, White race, and higher education.", "However, after adjusting for covariates, none of these factors was significant predictors of AS uptake.", "The strongest determinant of AS uptake was the AS recommendation by a urologist (adjusted prevalence ratio, 6.59, 95% CI, 4.84-8.97).", "Other factors associated with the decision to undergo AS included a shared patient-physician treatment decision, greater prostate cancer knowledge, and residence in metro-Detroit compared with Georgia.", "Conversely, men whose decision was strongly influenced by the desire to achieve \"cure\" or \"live longer\" with treatment and those who perceived their LRPC diagnosis as more serious were less likely to choose AS.", "In this contemporary sample, the majority of patients with newly diagnosed LRPC chose AS.", "Although the input from their urologists was highly influential, several patient decisional and psychological factors were independently associated with AS uptake.", "These data shed new light on potentially modifiable factors that can help further increase AS uptake among patients with LRPC." ]

[ "Acute coronary syndrome is a significant global health concern that can affect patients' health outcomes and quality of life.", "In addition, adherence to treatment and health literacy can affect health outcomes.", "This study aimed to investigate the relationship between treatment adherence, health literacy, and quality of life among patients with acute coronary syndrome.", "This cross-sectional study was conducted on 407 patients in Iran from April 2019 to November 2019.", "Patients were selected by convenience sampling method.", "Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version, Adherence to Treatment Questionnaire, and Health Literacy for Iranian Adults questionnaire.", "SPSS 25 was used for statistical analysis.", "Based on descriptive statistics in this study, most of the participants had good treatment adherence level (56.5%); 28.7% of the participants had insufficient health literacy level.", "The mean score of quality of life was 51.41 ± 12.03, which was greater than the midpoint of the questionnaire.", "Furthermore, Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a negative association between health literacy, treatment adherence (r = -0.167, p < .01), and quality of life (r = -0.153, p < .01), and a positive association between treatment adherence and quality of life (r = 0.169, p < .01).", "The results of the current study showed a negative relationship between health literacy, quality of life, and treatment adherence among patients with acute coronary syndrome.", "[HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice.", "2023;7(2):e71-e79.", "]." ]

[ "Acute diarrhoea is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five, especially in subSaharan Africa.", "The WHO recommends using oral rehydration solution (ORS) and zinc therapy for its management, but the metallic taste of zinc often hinders adherence.", "This prospective open-label intervention study took place at three health facilities in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria, involving children aged 3 to 59 months with acute diarrhoea.", "Sociodemographic and diarrhoea-related data were obtained.", "Palatability was assessed using a 5-point hedonic scale, and adherence was determined by the proportion of prescribed zinc sulfate tablets consumed.", "Caregivers received a 10-day supply of the study drug and ORS sachets for each child, along with participant diaries for tracking drug intake, palatability scores, and adverse events.", "Follow-up was conducted on Days 3 and 7, and diaries were collected between Days 10 and 14.", "Out of the 294 participants, most caregivers were mothers (86.0%), had at least a secondary education (88.1%), and were employed (70.7%).", "The majority of children were male (54.2%), and under 18 months old (52.2%).", "The average palatability score was 2.65 (±0.78), with no significant differences based on age or gender.", "Mean adherence was 93.03%, with 89.3% achieving ≥80% adherence, and adherence did not significantly differ by age or gender.", "The only reported adverse event, vomiting, decreased from 18.8% on Day 1 to 0.5% on Day 10.", "The study indicates that the orange-flavored dispersible zinc sulfate tablet is well-accepted by children aged 3 to 59 months with acute diarrhoea in Lagos, Nigeria." ]

[ "Acute gastric bleeding (AGB) is a common and potentially serious complication in patients with gastrointestinal disorders.", "Nursing interventions play a critical role in the management of acute gastric bleeding, but their impact on clinical outcomes is not well understood.", "The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the impact of nursing interventions on clinical outcomes in patients with acute gastric bleeding.", "A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for 220 patients with acute gastric bleeding who were admitted to the hospital between February 2022 and February 2023.", "Patients were divided into two groups based on whether or not they received nursing interventions during their hospital stay.", "Clinical outcomes, including length of hospital stay, blood transfusion requirements, and mortality rates, were compared between the two groups using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis.", "Of the 220 patients included in the study, 168 (76.4%) received nursing interventions during their hospital stay.", "Patients who received nursing interventions had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (mean = 7.2 days, SD = 2.1) compared to those who did not receive nursing interventions (mean = 10.5 days, SD = 3.4, p < 0.001).", "Additionally, the 90-day mortality rate was lower in the group receiving professional nursing interventions (4.2% vs. 15.4%, p = 0.010).", "Fewer patients who received nursing interventions required blood transfusions (33.3% vs. 65.2%, p < 0.001) and mortality rates were lower (6.7% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.04).", "Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that professional nursing intervention was a protective factor for postoperative rebleeding in patients with gastric hemorrhage (OR 0.727, 95% CI 0.497-0.901, P < 0.001).", "The results of this retrospective analysis suggest that nursing interventions are associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with acute gastric bleeding.", "The implementation of nursing interventions, such as individualized care plans, monitoring and evaluation, and patient education, should be encouraged to optimize patient outcomes in this population.", "Further research is needed to identify the most effective nursing interventions and to evaluate their cost-effectiveness." ]