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1
00:00:01,500 --> 00:00:06,520
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…ุŒ ู†ุณุชูƒู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€

2
00:00:06,520 --> 00:00:11,720
diabetes mellitus clinical utility of measuring

3
00:00:11,720 --> 00:00:15,600
insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide and glucagonุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰

4
00:00:15,600 --> 00:00:22,780
ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู‡ุฏูุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€analytes

5
00:00:22,780 --> 00:00:28,450
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŸ ุทุจุนุง ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชู… ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุญุณุจ

6
00:00:28,450 --> 00:00:38,050
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ููŠุด role

7
00:00:38,050 --> 00:00:43,320
ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ููŠุด ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€routine testingุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†

8
00:00:43,320 --> 00:00:48,700
ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ูˆ ุงู†ุดุฎุต ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู†ุนู…ู„ differential

9
00:00:48,700 --> 00:00:53,640
diagnosis ุจูŠู† ู„ูˆ type 1 ูˆ type 2. ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

10
00:00:53,640 --> 00:00:57,700
ู†ุณุชู…ุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฑูˆุชูŠู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู€insulin ุฃูˆ ู‚ูŠุงุณ

11
00:00:57,700 --> 00:01:01,800
ุงู„ู€C-peptideุŸ ู„ุฃุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ูุงุฆุฏุฉ. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู

12
00:01:01,800 --> 00:01:05,900
ุงู„ู…ุฑุฌุน ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฏุงุนูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€routine

13
00:01:05,900 --> 00:01:14,420
testing ุจู…ุง ุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†. ุนู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ

14
00:01:14,420 --> 00:01:19,860
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†: Evaluation of fasting hypoglycemiaุŒ ุนุดุงู†

15
00:01:19,860 --> 00:01:23,740
ู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ููŠ

16
00:01:23,740 --> 00:01:29,260
ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ

17
00:01:29,260 --> 00:01:32,160
ุจู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู….

18
00:01:32,160 --> 00:01:39,230
Evaluation of Polycystic Ovary SyndromeุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก

19
00:01:39,230 --> 00:01:43,850
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€syndrome ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… insulin

20
00:01:43,850 --> 00:01:50,430
resistanceุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€insulin

21
00:01:50,430 --> 00:01:56,330
ูˆู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€fasting blood glucose ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุณุจ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰

22
00:01:56,330 --> 00:02:04,790
ุจู€HOMA-IRุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู€insulin

23
00:02:04,790 --> 00:02:13,340
resistance. ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€formula ู„ุญุณุงุจ ุงู„ู€HOMA-IR

24
00:02:13,340 --> 00:02:17,900
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูˆุงุถุญ. ุงู† ุงู„ู€HOMA-IR ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุถุฑุจ

25
00:02:17,900 --> 00:02:23,660
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ูƒุงู† ุฅู† ุงู„ู€units

26
00:02:23,660 --> 00:02:28,600
ู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ milligram per deciliterุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุถุฑุจ

27
00:02:28,600 --> 00:02:33,510
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ูƒุงู†

28
00:02:33,510 --> 00:02:39,410
ุงู„ู€glucose units ุงู„ู€one millimole per literุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€

29
00:02:39,410 --> 00:02:44,730
units ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€insulin micro units ู„ูƒู„ ml. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุญุณุจ

30
00:02:44,730 --> 00:02:49,950
ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุทุจูŠุนูŠ

31
00:02:49,950 --> 00:02:53,530
ูˆู…ุง ููŠุด ุฃูŠ insulin resistance ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€HOMA-IR

32
00:02:53,530 --> 00:02:57,890
ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ. early insulin resistance ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ

33
00:02:57,890 --> 00:03:04,490
ู…ู† 1.9ุŒ ูˆ significant insulin resistance ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€

34
00:03:04,490 --> 00:03:07,470
HOMA-IR ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 2.9.

35
00:03:09,520 --> 00:03:13,100
ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† for

36
00:03:13,100 --> 00:03:16,600
classification of diabetes mellitusุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด

37
00:03:16,600 --> 00:03:22,100
ุณุจุจ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู€glucose ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ู‡ู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ absolute

38
00:03:22,100 --> 00:03:26,760
deficiency of ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ

39
00:03:26,760 --> 00:03:34,430
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† .. ุฃู† .. ุฃู† ู‚ูŠู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ

40
00:03:34,430 --> 00:03:38,570
ุฃู† ..  ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฏุงูŠุจูŠุฑุชุณุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ type oneุŒ ู‡ู„

41
00:03:38,570 --> 00:03:46,690
ู‡ูˆ type twoุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ MODY. ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ prediction of diabetes

42
00:03:46,690 --> 00:03:53,070
mellitus. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ุน

43
00:03:53,070 --> 00:03:56,570
ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตุงุจ ุจู€diabetes mellitus

44
00:03:56,570 --> 00:04:01,910
ุจุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€HOMA-IR

45
00:04:01,910 --> 00:04:06,330
ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู…ุฑุชูุนุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง insulin resistanceุŒ ูˆู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ููŠ

46
00:04:06,330 --> 00:04:10,200
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุฃู† ูŠุตุงุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุงู‹ ุจุงู„ู€

47
00:04:10,200 --> 00:04:15,160
diabetes mellitus. ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€type

48
00:04:15,160 --> 00:04:21,340
1ุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู†ุงู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€

49
00:04:21,340 --> 00:04:24,100
ุงู„ู€beta cellsุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€concentration

50
00:04:24,100 --> 00:04:26,480
ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†.

51
00:04:27,790 --> 00:04:32,790
Assessment of beta cell activity. ุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ู‚ูŠู… ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€

52
00:04:32,790 --> 00:04:38,090
beta cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌุฉ ู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†. ุฃูŠุถุงู‹

53
00:04:38,090 --> 00:04:41,370
Selection of optimal therapy for diabetesุŒ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰

54
00:04:41,370 --> 00:04:45,990
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€concentration ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช

55
00:04:45,990 --> 00:04:49,450
ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู€type 2 diabetes mellitusุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช

56
00:04:49,450 --> 00:04:55,450
ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‚ูŠุงุณู†ุง ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุจู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง

57
00:04:55,450 --> 00:05:02,860
ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ exogenous insulinุŒ ุฃูˆ

58
00:05:02,860 --> 00:05:10,180
ู„ู€investigation of insulin resistanceุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡

59
00:05:10,180 --> 00:05:10,980
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†

60
00:05:15,190 --> 00:05:19,970
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€Polycystic

61
00:05:19,970 --> 00:05:24,610
Ovary SyndromeุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‚ูŠุงุณู†ุง ู„ู€HOMA-IR.

62
00:05:24,610 --> 00:05:28,730
Prediction of the Development of Coronary Artery

63
00:05:28,730 --> 00:05:34,450
DiseaseุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€insulin

64
00:05:34,450 --> 00:05:40,650
resistanceุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€atherosclerosisุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ

65
00:05:40,650 --> 00:05:44,170
ุงู„ู€coronary artery disease. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

66
00:05:44,170 --> 00:05:50,190
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู†. ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€proinsulinุŒ

67
00:05:50,190 --> 00:05:56,630
ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€diagnosis of beta cell tumorsุŒ ู„ุฃู†

68
00:05:56,630 --> 00:06:00,430
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€beta cell tumors ููŠ ุนู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ

69
00:06:00,430 --> 00:06:06,970
ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€proinsulin ู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ

70
00:06:06,970 --> 00:06:09,510
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€

71
00:06:09,510 --> 00:06:14,350
proinsulin. ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ุญุงู„ุงุช

72
00:06:14,350 --> 00:06:17,670
ุงู„ูู…ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€hyperproinsulinemia.

73
00:06:18,270 --> 00:06:22,770
ู„ูˆ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€insulin is not

74
00:06:22,770 --> 00:06:28,830
sufficiently processed before secretion. ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

75
00:06:28,830 --> 00:06:31,770
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ู„ู€

76
00:06:31,770 --> 00:06:37,270
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€pro-insulin ุฅู„ู‰ insulinุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ

77
00:06:37,270 --> 00:06:43,330
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€insulin

78
00:06:43,330 --> 00:06:46,810
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูˆ immature form of insulinุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€

79
00:06:46,810 --> 00:06:48,950
pro-insulin.

80
00:06:53,060 --> 00:07:01,060
ุงู„ู€C-peptideุŒ ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŸ

81
00:07:01,060 --> 00:07:08,700
ุฃู†ู‡ evaluation of fasting hypoglycemiaุŒ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

82
00:07:08,700 --> 00:07:13,040
ููŠ ุงู„ู€C-peptideุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ beta cell tumors.

83
00:07:17,470 --> 00:07:23,810
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ with beta cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ tumorsุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

84
00:07:23,810 --> 00:07:29,450
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู‚ุณู†ุง ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€insulin ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด

85
00:07:29,450 --> 00:07:34,450
ุญุงุณู…ุฉ ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€diagnosisุŒ

86
00:07:34,450 --> 00:07:38,750
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€

87
00:07:38,750 --> 00:07:43,490
hyperinsulinism intermittentุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ

88
00:07:43,490 --> 00:07:48,630
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชู‚ุทุนุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง

89
00:07:48,630 --> 00:07:51,310
ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุณุญุจ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€insulin ู…ุง ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠุด

90
00:07:51,310 --> 00:07:55,710
ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€insulin ู…ุฑุชูุนุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†

91
00:07:55,710 --> 00:07:58,770
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู‚ูŠุงุณู†ุง ู„ู€ุงู„ู€C-peptide

92
00:07:58,770 --> 00:08:06,290
concentration ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ููŠุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู„ู„ุณุจุจ ุฅู†ู‡

93
00:08:06,290 --> 00:08:10,970
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€concentration ู„ู€C-peptide ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจู€

94
00:08:10,970 --> 00:08:14,890
5 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 ู…ุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€insulinุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง

95
00:08:14,890 --> 00:08:21,170
ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€C-peptide has a longer half life.

96
00:08:21,170 --> 00:08:25,350
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ evaluation

97
00:08:25,350 --> 00:08:30,450
ู„ู€infectious ุงู„ู„ูŠ

98
00:08:30,450 --> 00:08:34,910
ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง fasting hypoglycemiaุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

99
00:08:34,910 --> 00:08:40,990
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€exogenous insulin.

100
00:08:40,990 --> 00:08:46,580
ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€C-peptide ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†

101
00:08:46,580 --> 00:08:51,160
ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ู„ ุจู€ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€

102
00:08:51,160 --> 00:08:56,440
endogenous insulinุŒ ุฃูˆ ุจู€ .. ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€exogenous

103
00:08:56,440 --> 00:09:01,780
insulin. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู€insulin

104
00:09:01,780 --> 00:09:06,920
concentration highุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€C-peptide values ุญุชูƒูˆู†

105
00:09:06,920 --> 00:09:11,060
low. ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุดุงุจู‡ุฉ

106
00:09:11,060 --> 00:09:13,860
ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุงุชู†ุง ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†: Classification of diabetes

107
00:09:13,860 --> 00:09:17,500
mellitusุŒ Assessment of beta cell activityุŒ

108
00:09:17,500 --> 00:09:22,250
Obtaining insurance coverage for insulin pump. ูŠุนู†ูŠ

109
00:09:22,250 --> 00:09:26,090
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุฃู…ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ

110
00:09:26,090 --> 00:09:33,310
ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌุŒ ุจุนุถ ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชุฃู…ูŠู† ุจุชุทู„ุจ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰

111
00:09:33,310 --> 00:09:39,750
ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุตุฑู insulin pump

112
00:09:39,750 --> 00:09:44,950
ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€C-peptide.

113
00:09:45,650 --> 00:09:49,630
ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€C-peptide ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€

114
00:09:49,630 --> 00:09:54,350
monitoring of therapy. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูƒุชูˆู…ูŠ

115
00:09:54,350 --> 00:09:58,410
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงุณุชุฆุตุงู„ ู„ู€ุงู„ู€

116
00:09:58,410 --> 00:10:04,130
ุงู„ู€pancreasุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณุชุฆุตุงู„

117
00:10:04,130 --> 00:10:09,950
ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ูŠุงุณู†ุง ู„ู€ุงู„ู€C-peptide.

118
00:10:09,950 --> 00:10:13,190
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุฏุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€C-peptide ู‡ุฐุง

119
00:10:13,190 --> 00:10:18,170
ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฆุตุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„

120
00:10:18,170 --> 00:10:24,410
ูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

121
00:10:24,410 --> 00:10:29,190
partial pancreatectomyุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู… ุงุณุชุฆุตุงู„

122
00:10:29,190 --> 00:10:33,570
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€pancreas. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

123
00:10:33,570 --> 00:10:38,420
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู€exocrine glands ู„ู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณุŒ

124
00:10:38,420 --> 00:10:43,900
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€C-peptide ุนุดุงู†

125
00:10:43,900 --> 00:10:48,060
ู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰

126
00:10:48,060 --> 00:10:53,720
ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ. ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€

127
00:10:53,720 --> 00:11:00,060
transplantation of islets of Langerhans. ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†

128
00:11:00,060 --> 00:11:05,160
ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰ transplantation ู„ู€islets of

129
00:11:05,160 --> 00:11:10,360
LangerhansุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€islets ูŠุนู†ูŠ

130
00:11:10,360 --> 00:11:18,500
ุฃุฎุฐุช ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ูˆุจุฏุฃุช ุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู€insulin ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ. ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู…ุง

131
00:11:18,500 --> 00:11:24,060
ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€monitoring therapyุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€immunomodulation

132
00:11:24,060 --> 00:11:31,040
of type 1. ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€immunomodulation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนุชุจุฑ

133
00:11:31,040 --> 00:11:41,960
part of immunotherapy ู„ู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…

134
00:11:41,960 --> 00:11:45,440
ุงู„ู€type 1ุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ beta cellsุŒ ุฃูˆ ุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงู ู…ู…ูƒู†

135
00:11:45,440 --> 00:11:49,400
ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ type 1ุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ beta cellsุŒ ู„ูƒู†

136
00:11:49,400 --> 00:11:55,950
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€beta cells ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุชู…

137
00:11:55,950 --> 00:12:05,350
ุงุณุชุฑุฌุงุน ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

138
00:12:05,350 --> 00:12:12,810
ุฒูŠ ุชุซุจูŠุช ู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญุงูุธ

139
00:12:12,810 --> 00:12:19,010
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€beta-cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ

140
00:12:19,010 --> 00:12:23,590
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€C-peptide ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู

141
00:12:23,590 --> 00:12:32,090
ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€immune modulation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ. ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

142
00:12:32,090 --> 00:12:36,070
ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุงู„ู€glucagonุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชู…ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง

143
00:12:36,070 --> 00:12:41,910
ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู„ู€diagnosis of alpha cell tumorsุŒ

144
00:12:41,910 --> 00:12:45,350
pathogenesis

145
00:12:45,350 --> 00:12:54,020
of type 1 diabetes mellitus. ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุงู‹ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุณุจุจ

146
00:12:54,020 --> 00:12:59,900
ู„ูŠุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ู€type 1 diabetes mellitus ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุณุจุจ

147
00:12:59,900 --> 00:13:03,740
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€autoimmune destruction of beta cellsุŒ

148
00:13:03,740 --> 00:13:11,500
ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู…ุซู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ

149
00:13:11,500 --> 00:13:17,380
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุงุช ุจุงู„ู€type 1ุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

150
00:13:17,380 --> 00:13:20,440
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€idiopathic.

151
00:13:22,670 --> 00:13:25,270
In the vast majority of patients, destruction

152
00:13:25,270 --> 00:13:31,910
is mediated by T cells. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„

153
00:13:31,910 --> 00:13:36,890
ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€autoimmune destructionุŒ ุจู†ุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹

154
00:13:36,890 --> 00:13:45,470
type 1a ุฃูˆ immune mediated diabetes. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง

155
00:13:45,470 --> 00:13:51,500
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹ ุจู‡ุงุฌู…ุฉ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€beta

156
00:13:51,500 --> 00:13:56,040
cellsุŒ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€alpha

157
00:13:56,040 --> 00:13:59,880
cells ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€delta cells. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€alpha ูˆุงู„ู€

158
00:13:59,880 --> 00:14:04,260
delta cells are preservedุŒ ูŠุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูุธุฉ

159
00:14:04,260 --> 00:14:10,040
ุนู„ูŠู‡ู…. The islet cells have a chronic mononuclear

160
00:14:10,040 --> 00:14:15,560
cell infiltrate. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง infiltration

161
00:14:15,560 --> 00:14:19,800
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ lymphocytic infiltration ู„ู€ islets of

162
00:14:19,800 --> 00:14:24,840
Langerhans. ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง insulitisุŒ

163
00:14:24,840 --> 00:14:28,740
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ inflammation of the islets of LangerhansุŒ

164
00:14:28,740 --> 00:14:32,580
ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ lymphocytic

165
00:14:32,580 --> 00:14:34,180
infiltration.

166
00:14:36,990 --> 00:14:43,570
ุงู„ู€autoimmune destructionุŒ ุงู„ู€process ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุชุคุฏูŠ

167
00:14:43,570 --> 00:14:46,810
ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุจุนุงู‹ destruction of beta cellsุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€

168
00:14:46,810 --> 00:14:52,710
type 1 diabetes.  ุงู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุชุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู

169
00:14:52,710 --> 00:14:58,810
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† months ู„ู€yearsุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฃุณุจุงุจ

170
00:14:58,810 --> 00:15:07,890
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจ. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€

171
00:15:07,890 --> 00:15:12,410
clinical presentationsุŒ ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€diagnosis ู…ู…ูƒู†

172
00:15:12,410 --> 00:15:18,370
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€symptoms ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุธู‡ุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃู† 80 ุฅู„ู‰ 90

173
00:15:18,370 --> 00:15:26,650
ุจุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€beta cells ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุตุงุฑ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠู‡ุง.

174
00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:32,360
ู…ุนุฏู„ ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจูŠุชุง ู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุŒ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ

175
00:15:32,360 --> 00:15:37,840
ุฃุณุฑุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑ. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง

176
00:15:37,840 --> 00:15:42,980
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุจูŠูุฑู‚ุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€destruction ู„ู€ุงู„ู€beta

177
00:15:42,980 --> 00:15:51,360
cells ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุณุฑุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„. ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

178
00:15:51,360 --> 00:15:55,920
ุงู„ู€autoimmune destruction ู„ู€ุงู„ู€beta cellsุŒ ุจูŠุชู…

179
00:15:55,920 --> 00:15:59,680
ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€antibodies.

180
00:16:02,580 --> 00:16:07,080
ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€antibodies ูŠุชู…

181
00:16:07,080 --> 00:16:14,400
ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู€type 1 diabetes mellitus. ูˆู‡ุฐู‡

182
00:1

223
00:19:37,980 --> 00:19:44,280
ุงู„ุฐูŠ diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus ููŠ ุฃู† ุจุนุถ

224
00:19:44,280 --> 00:19:49,160
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุดุฎุต ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง type 2

225
00:19:49,160 --> 00:19:50,360
diabetes mellitus

226
00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:56,220
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ apparently ูŠุนู†ูŠ type 2 diabetes mellitus

227
00:19:56,220 --> 00:20:05,920
ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ุชู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุฌุงุฏ ู„ู€ GAD65 antibodies ูˆุทุจุนุง

228
00:20:05,920 --> 00:20:11,080
ุชู… ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ antibodies ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€

229
00:20:11,080 --> 00:20:15,620
patient ุŒุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู† diagnosis ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ

230
00:20:15,620 --> 00:20:17,220
ู‡ูˆ type 1 diabetes

231
00:20:24,180 --> 00:20:31,160
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ุณู†ุฌุฏ

232
00:20:31,160 --> 00:20:36,680
ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูุนู„ูŠุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ type 1 diabetes

233
00:20:36,680 --> 00:20:45,610
mellitus ูˆู…ุด type 2. ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ type 2

234
00:20:45,610 --> 00:20:48,670
diabetes mellitus patients ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„

235
00:20:48,670 --> 00:20:54,490
ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุตุจุญูˆุง ูŠุนุชู…ุฏูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ exogenous

236
00:20:54,490 --> 00:20:59,990
insulin. ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ type 2

237
00:20:59,990 --> 00:21:06,430
diabetes mellitus ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ progression ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€

238
00:21:06,430 --> 00:21:13,450
disease ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ู…ุฏุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุญุชู‰

239
00:21:13,450 --> 00:21:19,070
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ exogenous insulin. ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู…ูƒู†

240
00:21:19,070 --> 00:21:23,450
ู†ูƒุดู ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… type 2

241
00:21:23,450 --> 00:21:30,410
diabetes mellitus ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ

242
00:21:30,410 --> 00:21:36,610
deficiency  ู„ู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุญุตู†ุง ู„ู„ู€

243
00:21:36,610 --> 00:21:41,410
GAD65 Antibodies. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Type 2 Diabetes mellitus ุงู„ู€

244
00:21:41,410 --> 00:21:45,010
patients ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู†ูƒุดู ุนู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ GAD65

245
00:21:45,010 --> 00:21:48,230
Antibodies ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

246
00:21:48,230 --> 00:21:53,590
progression ุจุดูƒู„ ุณุฑูŠุน

247
00:21:54,610 --> 00:22:01,010
ูˆูŠุชุญูˆู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„

248
00:22:01,010 --> 00:22:06,510
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง Antibodies ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชููุฑุฒ ุถุฏ

249
00:22:06,510 --> 00:22:12,410
insulinoma associated antigensุŒ  ุงู„ู€ IA-2A  ูˆ IA

250
00:22:12,410 --> 00:22:18,250
-2ฮฒ. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Transmembrane

251
00:22:18,250 --> 00:22:23,030
proteins of dead core vesicles

252
00:22:25,360 --> 00:22:32,060
ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ู‡ุงุฌู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู†

253
00:22:32,060 --> 00:22:38,660
ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู€ antibodies ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุถุฏู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰

254
00:22:39,840 --> 00:22:45,560
ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ dense core vesicles ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ

255
00:22:45,560 --> 00:22:50,300
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุชุŒ ูˆุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„  ู†ุญูƒูŠ

256
00:22:50,300 --> 00:22:54,540
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ islets of Langerhans  ูˆู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช

257
00:22:54,540 --> 00:23:00,040
ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ beta cells. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€

258
00:23:00,040 --> 00:23:04,600
antibodies ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชููุฑุฒ ุถุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู†

259
00:23:04,600 --> 00:23:10,980
ุงู„ู€ dense core vesicles ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

260
00:23:10,980 --> 00:23:17,640
secretion of insulin hormones. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ antibodies

261
00:23:17,640 --> 00:23:21,140
have been detected in more than 50% of newly

262
00:23:21,140 --> 00:23:26,980
diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

263
00:23:26,980 --> 00:23:32,680
ุฃูŠุถุง Antibodies ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูู†ุชุฌ ุถุฏ

264
00:23:32,680 --> 00:23:38,580
the zinc transporter ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† TransmembraneุŒ a

265
00:23:38,580 --> 00:23:44,420
protein responsible for the influx of zinc and

266
00:23:44,420 --> 00:23:51,300
other ions. Was

267
00:23:51,300 --> 00:23:55,840
identified in 2007 as a major auto-antigen in type

268
00:23:55,840 --> 00:23:57,880
1 diabetes mellitus

269
00:24:00,080 --> 00:24:05,160
ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุชู…ูŠุฒุง ู…ู†  ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุทุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุฏุงุก ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

270
00:24:05,160 --> 00:24:10,380
ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูˆุถุญ

271
00:24:13,810 --> 00:24:19,890
ููŠ 60% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€

272
00:24:19,890 --> 00:24:26,770
Type 1 diabetes mellitus ู†ุฌุฏ ุฃู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ

273
00:24:26,770 --> 00:24:33,970
antibodies ุถุฏ ุงู„ู€ Zinc Transporter. ุทุจุนุง ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ

274
00:24:33,970 --> 00:24:39,950
ุจุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 2% ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุถูˆุงุจุท ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ 3% ุนู†ุฏ

275
00:24:39,950 --> 00:24:43,950
ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจุงู„ู€ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

276
00:24:43,950 --> 00:24:49,890
ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูˆ 60 ุฅู„ู‰ 80% ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู†

277
00:24:49,890 --> 00:24:55,070
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ู†ุฌุฏ ุฃู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง

278
00:24:55,070 --> 00:25:01,080
ุงู„ู€ auto antigen. ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ antibodies  ู„ู€ Zinc

279
00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:06,740
Transporter ูŠุชู… ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 26% ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจู€

280
00:25:06,740 --> 00:25:09,460
Type 1 Diabetes MellitusุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ูุงุฑู‚ุฉ

281
00:25:09,460 --> 00:25:14,300
ู„ูุฆุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู†  ุงู„ู€ auto antibodies ุงู„ุชูŠ

282
00:25:14,300 --> 00:25:20,200
ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุง. ู‚ุฏ ู†ุฌุฏ ุฃู† ุดุฎุต ู„ุฏูŠู‡ Type 1

283
00:25:20,200 --> 00:25:24,450
Diabetes Mellitus ูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุณุงู„ุจุง ู„ู„ู€ auto antibodies

284
00:25:24,450 --> 00:25:30,910
ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจุง ู„ู„ู€ Zinc transporter

285
00:25:30,910 --> 00:25:32,270
antibodies

286
00:25:36,200 --> 00:25:41,300
ุทุจุนุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Antibodies ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ

287
00:25:41,300 --> 00:25:45,940
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ Radio ImmunoassayุŒ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ ELISAุŒ

288
00:25:45,940 --> 00:25:51,280
ูˆููŠ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰ Plasmonic Chip Based

289
00:25:51,280 --> 00:25:56,980
Assay ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ู„ู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Antibodies

290
00:25:56,980 --> 00:25:58,620
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ

291
00:26:00,600 --> 00:26:04,400
ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ Genetics ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Type 1 diabetes

292
00:26:04,400 --> 00:26:12,220
mellitusุŒ ุงู„ู€ Genetics ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑุง ุฃู‚ู„ ููŠ

293
00:26:12,220 --> 00:26:17,580
ุงู„ู€ Type 1 diabetes mellitus ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ู‚ูˆุฑู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ

294
00:26:17,580 --> 00:26:20,320
ุจู€ ุงู„ู€ Type 2 diabetes mellitus

295
00:26:22,350 --> 00:26:24,850
ุงู„ู€ susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus is

296
00:26:24,850 --> 00:26:27,390
inherited but the mode of inheritance is complex

297
00:26:27,390 --> 00:26:31,730
and has not been identifiedุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุฒู„ู†ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†

298
00:26:31,730 --> 00:26:37,010
research  ู„ูู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ  ุงู„ู€ genetics ุจุงู„ู€

299
00:26:37,010 --> 00:26:40,890
type 1 diabetes mellitus. it is a multi-genetic

300
00:26:40,890 --> 00:26:46,170
traitุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฌูŠู† ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจู€

301
00:26:46,720 --> 00:26:50,940
ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉุŒ  And the major locus is the major

302
00:26:50,940 --> 00:26:56,740
histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6. ุฅู†

303
00:26:56,740 --> 00:27:05,700
ุฃูŠุถุง 11 ู…ูˆู‚ุนุง ุขุฎุฑ ุนู„ู‰ 9 ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช ุฃูŠุถุง ูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑุง

304
00:27:05,700 --> 00:27:16,510
ูˆูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจู€ regulatory region  ู„ุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู€

305
00:27:16,510 --> 00:27:16,750
Human Leukocyte Antigen HLA-DQ-DRุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู†

306
00:27:16,750 --> 00:27:22,050
Leukocyte Antigen HLA-DQ-DRุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช

307
00:27:22,050 --> 00:27:22,070
-DRุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ-DRุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู†

308
00:27:22,070 --> 00:27:22,950
ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ-DRุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช

309
00:27:22,950 --> 00:27:27,310
ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ-DRุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ

310
00:27:27,310 --> 00:27:34,870
-DRุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ-DRุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู†

311
00:27:34,870 --> 00:27:39,430
ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ-DRุŒ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ุงู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุช

312
00:27:39,430 --> 00:27:45,160
ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† HLA-DQ. ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู€ Concordance Rate ุจูŠู†

313
00:27:45,160 --> 00:27:53,840
Identical TwinsุŒ  ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 30% ูู‚ุท. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ

314
00:27:53,840 --> 00:27:59,640
ุงู„ู€ Identical TwinsุŒ  ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏ 30% ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต

315
00:27:59,640 --> 00:28:02,240
ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู‡ู… Identical Twins ุฅุฐุง ุฃุญุฏู‡ู…ุง ู„ุฏูŠู‡ Type 1

316
00:28:02,240 --> 00:28:07,240
DiabetesุŒ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆ ุณูŠุตุงุจ ุจู€ Type 1 Diabetes

317
00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:08,220
Mellitus

318
00:28:11,080 --> 00:28:15,340
10% ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู† type 1 diabetes

319
00:28:15,340 --> 00:28:19,360
mellitus ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ุตุงุจ

320
00:28:19,360 --> 00:28:27,520
ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ HLA ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูˆ

321
00:28:27,520 --> 00:28:32,320
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 40 ุฌูŠู†ุง

322
00:28:32,320 --> 00:28:39,440
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† these have a

323
00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:44,800
smaller effectsุŒ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ู‚ูˆุฑู†

324
00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:48,220
ุจุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ HLA

325
00:28:50,900 --> 00:28:56,700
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ุฃู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฌูŠู†ุงุช

326
00:28:56,700 --> 00:29:01,820
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจู€ Type

327
00:29:01,820 --> 00:29:08,560
1 Diabetes Mellitus ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ

328
00:29:08,560 --> 00:29:14,320
ุณูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุง ูˆุฑุจุทู‡ุง ุจู€ Type 1

329
00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:21,030
Diabetes Mellitus. ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู€ Measurement ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€

330
00:29:21,030 --> 00:29:26,810
Detection of Genetic MarkersุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ

331
00:29:26,810 --> 00:29:30,630
ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุฉุŸ ุงู„ู€ Routine Measurement of Genetic Markers

332
00:29:30,630 --> 00:29:35,490
ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู‡ุง ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ ู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุฃูˆ

333
00:29:35,490 --> 00:29:38,850
ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุถู‰ type 1 diabetes

334
00:29:38,850 --> 00:29:43,360
mellitusุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู„ู‡ุง ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต

335
00:29:43,360 --> 00:29:50,300
ูˆู„ุง ู„ู‡ุง ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ

336
00:29:50,300 --> 00:29:56,620
ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰. ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ  ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„

337
00:29:56,620 --> 00:30:02,500
ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุน ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ genetic

338
00:30:02,500 --> 00:30:06,820
predispositionุŒ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑุง ููŠ

339
00:30:06,820 --> 00:30:13,440
ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ. ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุช ุชูุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู…ุณุจุจุงุช ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ู…ูู‡ู…ุฉ

340
00:30:13,440 --> 00:30:18,680
ููŠ ุงู„ุชุณุจุจ ุจุฏุงุก ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ. ูˆู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Environmental Factors

341
00:30:18,680 --> 00:30:23,860
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง VirusesุŒ  ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ

342
00:30:23,860 --> 00:30:30,940
ChemicalsุŒ  ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ ... ุงู„ู€ ... ุงู„ู€ foodุŒ  ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„

343
00:30:30,940 --> 00:30:34,960
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑุง.  ุงู„ู€ viruses ู…ุซู„

344
00:30:34,960 --> 00:30:39,600
ุงู„ู€ RubellaุŒ  ุงู„ู€ EnterovirusุŒ  ุงู„ู€ Coxsackie virus

345
00:30:39,600 --> 00:30:42,600
have been implicated

346
00:30:45,160 --> 00:30:54,040
ูˆุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุชุดุงุจู‡ ุจูŠู† Viral

347
00:30:54,040 --> 00:31:02,180
Protein ูˆ Beta Cell Protein.  ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Viral

348
00:31:02,180 --> 00:31:05,180
Protein shares amino acid sequence with a Beta

349
00:31:05,180 --> 00:31:10,280
Cell Protein.  ุนู†ุฏ ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช

350
00:31:10,280 --> 00:31:12,320
ู…ู…ูƒู†

351
00:31:15,000 --> 00:31:19,280
ูŠูุญุฏุซ ุฃูˆ can initiate ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ immune response

352
00:31:19,280 --> 00:31:25,430
against the beta cells. ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Genetic

353
00:31:25,430 --> 00:31:30,310
FactorsุŒ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ Genetic Factors ูŠุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุดุฎุต

354
00:31:30,310 --> 00:31:35,990
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ HLA-type ุนู†ุฏ

355
00:31:35,990 --> 00:31:40,770
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ Genetic Factors ู…ุน

356
00:31:40,770 --> 00:31:43,770
ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ Environmental FactorsุŒ determine the

357
00:31:43,770 --> 00:31:49,390
progression of the Beta Cell destruction. ุฃูŠุถุงุŒ ุฒูŠ

358
00:31:49,390 --> 00:31:53,290
ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŒ  ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุทุนู…ุฉ ุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑุงุŒ

359
00:31:53,290 --> 00:31:56,770
ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€

360
00:31:56,770 --> 00:32:01,970
Epidemiological studiesุŒ they have implicated early

361
00:32:01,970 --> 00:32:05,470
exposure to cow's milk as a trigger of type 1

362
00:32:05,470 --> 00:32:10,950
diabetes mellitus. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุฅุฐุง ุชู…

363
00:32:10,950 --> 00:32:16,990
ุฅุนุทุงุคู‡ู… ุงู„ุฑุถุงุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ูŠุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„

364
00:32:16,990 --> 00:32:26,400
ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุชู… ุฅุนุทุงุคู‡ู… ุญู„ูŠุจ ุจู‚ุฑุŒ ูุฅู†ู‡

365
00:32:26,400 --> 00:32:30,300
ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„  ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตุงุจูˆุง ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุง ุจู€ Type 1

366
00:32:30,300 --> 00:32:34,780
diabetes mellitus. ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู†

367
00:32:34,780 --> 00:32:40,440
ุฌู‡ุงุฒู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ู†ุงุถุฌุง ุชู…ุงู…ุงุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ  ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ

368
00:32:40,440 --> 00:32:46,810
ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง absorption ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู†

369
00:32:46,810 --> 00:32:50,350
ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู‡ุง absorptionุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุดูƒู„

370
00:32:50,350 --> 00:32:55,430
ุงู„ู€ trigger ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจู€ type 1 diabetes mellitus

371
00:32:55,430 --> 00:33:00,270
this model is argumentative and has been debated

372
00:33:00,270 --> 00:33:06,710
for decades. ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฅุฌู…ุงุน ุนู„ู‰

373
00:33:06,710 --> 00:33:13,370
ููƒุฑุฉ ุญู„ูŠุจ ุงู„ุจู‚ุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎู„ุงู

374
00:33:13,370 --> 00:33:20,990
ูˆุฌุฏุงู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ. ุทูŠุจุŒ

375
00:33:20,990 --> 00:33:23,670
ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู€ pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes

376
00:33:23,670 --> 00:33:32,860
mellitusุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุชุงู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠุชุงู†. ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

377
00:33:32,860 --> 00:33:36,940
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Insulin resistanceุŒ  ุนุฏู…

378
00:33:36,940 --> 00:33:41,580
ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ. Decreased

379
00:33:41,580 --> 00:33:46,560
ability of insulin to act on peripheral tissue. It

380
00:33:46,560 --> 00:33:49,300
is thought by many to be the primary underlying

381
00:33:49,300 --> 00:33:55,200
pathological process ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ

382
00:33:56,680 --> 00:34:01,100
ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ Beta cell dysfunctionุŒ  ุนุฏู… ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ

383
00:34:01,100 --> 00:34:04,660
ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู„ู€

384
00:34:04,660 --> 00:34:09,440
ุชุนูˆูŠุถ Insulin resistanceุŒ ุจุนุฏู… ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ

385
00:34:09,440 --> 00:34:13,980
ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ

386
00:34:13,980 --> 00:34:17,780
ุงู„ู€ Insulin resistance

387
00:34:17,780 --> 00:34:23,320
ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู„ู€

388
00:34:23,320 --> 00:34:30,160
ุงู„ุชุนูˆูŠุถ ุนู† Insulin resistance ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุฏุซ. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ

389
00:34:30,160 --> 00:34:38,880
ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† relative deficiency of insulin. ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ

390
00:34:38,880 --> 00:34:42,180
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุญุฏูˆุซ Beta cell

391
00:34:42,180 --> 00:34:47,080
dysfunction. ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Type 2

392
00:34:47,080 --> 00:34:50,840
diabetes mellitusุŒ  ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฅู„ู‰

393
00:34:50,840 --> 00:34:55,600
Absolute deficiency ูˆูŠุตุจุญ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰

394
00:34:55,600 --> 00:34:59,600
ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูƒุนู„ุงุฌ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ

395
00:35:02,050 --> 00:35:07,070
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฌุฏุงู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€

396
00:35:07,070 --> 00:35:10,250
whether type 2 is due primarily to a defect in

397
00:35:10,250 --> 00:35:15,290
beta cell secretion or to peripheral resistance to

398
00:35:15,290 --> 00:35:21,870
insulin or to both. ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎู„ุงูุŒ  ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ

399
00:35:21,870 --> 00:35:25,850
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุŸ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ Insulin Resistance ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰

400
00:35:25,850 --> 00:35:29,790
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ุง Beta Cell DysfunctionุŒ ุฃู…

401
00:35:29,790 --> 00:35:34,690
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Beta Cell Dysfunction

402
00:35:34,690 --> 00:35:39,450
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ  ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŸ

403
00:35:42,920 --> 00:35:46,800
ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ ุชุฏุนู… ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ุฃู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†

404
00:35:46,800 --> 00:35:52,040
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชูˆูุฑุฉ ู…ู†

405
00:35:52,040 --> 00:35:59,080
ุฎู„ุงู„  ุงู„ู€ research ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู… ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ. ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€

406
00:35:59,080 --> 00:36:04,800
data ุชุฏุนู… ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ

445
00:39:28,290 --> 00:39:32,690
render the beta cells increasingly unresponsive to

446
00:39:32,690 --> 00:39:38,350
glucose ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุชู…ุงู…

447
00:39:38,350 --> 00:39:43,710
ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏู… ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Beta cells

448
00:39:43,710 --> 00:39:49,830
ู„ู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ู€ Glucotoxicity

449
00:39:49,830 --> 00:39:53,530
The degree of dysfunction correlates with both

450
00:39:53,530 --> 00:39:57,500
glucose concentration and a duration of

451
00:39:57,500 --> 00:40:02,520
hyperglycemia ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงุฑุชูุงุน glucose ูƒู„

452
00:40:02,520 --> 00:40:09,500
ู…ุง ุทูˆู„ุช ู…ุฏุฉ hyperglycemia ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช

453
00:40:09,500 --> 00:40:18,040
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง glucotoxicity ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

454
00:40:18,040 --> 00:40:23,970
progressive loss of beta cell function ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ

455
00:40:23,970 --> 00:40:28,630
ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Free fatty acids

456
00:40:28,630 --> 00:40:34,510
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Beta cell failure

457
00:40:34,510 --> 00:40:41,130
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠูุนุฑู ุจุงู„ู€ Lipotoxicity ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง

458
00:40:41,130 --> 00:40:46,430
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ disruption

459
00:40:46,430 --> 00:40:51,580
of the normal pulsatile release of insulin ู‡ุฐุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง

460
00:40:51,580 --> 00:40:54,380
ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… type 2 diabetes mellitus

461
00:40:54,380 --> 00:40:59,020
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูู‚ุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู€ normal pulsatile release of

462
00:40:59,020 --> 00:41:05,880
insulin and an increased ratio of plasma proinsulin

463
00:41:05,880 --> 00:41:12,340
to insulin ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ Insulin Resistance ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง

464
00:41:12,340 --> 00:41:20,140
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌู‡ุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Beta cells ูˆู‡ุฐุง

465
00:41:20,140 --> 00:41:28,600
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Beta cells ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต

466
00:41:28,600 --> 00:41:35,120
ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจุงู„ู€ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ

467
00:41:35,120 --> 00:41:39,010
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Insulin Resistance defined as decreased

468
00:41:39,010 --> 00:41:44,050
biological response to normal concentrations of

469
00:41:44,050 --> 00:41:48,350
circulating insulin ุจูŠุจุทู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

470
00:41:48,350 --> 00:41:50,890
ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ

471
00:41:55,010 --> 00:42:00,370
ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ู€  ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ concentration

472
00:42:00,370 --> 00:42:03,650
ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ insulin ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ concentration

473
00:42:03,650 --> 00:42:09,310
ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ insulin ุจุชุจุทู„ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€

474
00:42:09,310 --> 00:42:12,970
glucose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ insulin

475
00:42:12,970 --> 00:42:17,750
resistance ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†

476
00:42:17,750 --> 00:42:26,180
ููŠ obese persons, non-diabetic individuals, and in

477
00:42:26,180 --> 00:42:32,900
patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ุทูŠุจ

478
00:42:32,900 --> 00:42:37,780
ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pathophysiologic defect ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด

479
00:42:37,780 --> 00:42:45,460
... ู…ุง ุชู…ุด... ู…ุง ุชู…ุด ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ู„ูƒู†

480
00:42:45,460 --> 00:42:47,860
ุงู„ู€ insulin resistance ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ insulin resistance

481
00:42:47,860 --> 00:42:52,380
usually attributed to a defect in insulin action

482
00:42:52,380 --> 00:42:57,750
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ measurement of insulin

483
00:42:57,750 --> 00:43:01,110
resistance in a routine clinical setting is

484
00:43:01,110 --> 00:43:05,290
difficult ูˆุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู€ SurrogateุŒ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู€

485
00:43:05,290 --> 00:43:08,950
concentration of fasting insulin ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Euglycemic

486
00:43:08,950 --> 00:43:14,910
Insulin Clamp ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุบูŠุฑ

487
00:43:14,910 --> 00:43:18,310
ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ู€ insulin resistance

488
00:43:18,310 --> 00:43:23,710
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุตุนุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ูŠุณู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู†

489
00:43:23,710 --> 00:43:27,950
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ู€ insulin resistance ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ

490
00:43:27,950 --> 00:43:32,770
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ fasting ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

491
00:43:32,770 --> 00:43:36,010
ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ fasting glucose ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

492
00:43:36,010 --> 00:43:41,550
IR ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุจุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ insulin resistance

493
00:43:43,840 --> 00:43:48,740
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… IR ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู„ู€ Homeostatic Model

494
00:43:48,740 --> 00:43:54,560
Assessment of Insulin Resistance ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†

495
00:43:54,560 --> 00:43:57,700
ู†ุดูˆู

496
00:43:57,700 --> 00:44:01,540
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู†ุฏู‡ Insulin Resistance ุฃูˆ ู„ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุง

497
00:44:01,540 --> 00:44:08,150
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู€ Euglycemic Insulin Clamp ูˆู‡ูŠ

498
00:44:08,150 --> 00:44:13,650
ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ more invasive ูˆุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆู‚ุช ุฃุทูˆู„

499
00:44:13,650 --> 00:44:17,210
ู„ู€... ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง

500
00:44:20,560 --> 00:44:23,320
ุงู„ู€ Euglycemic clamp performed in the hospital

501
00:44:23,320 --> 00:44:28,720
under close supervision ูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ูˆ

502
00:44:28,720 --> 00:44:37,120
ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุทุจุนู‹ุง intravenously ุจูŠุนุทู‰ infusion of insulin

503
00:44:37,120 --> 00:44:40,680
constant intravenous infusion of insulin ุจูŠุนุทู‰

504
00:44:40,680 --> 00:44:50,090
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุซุงุจุชุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ุน ุฅุนุทุงุฆู‡ ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃูˆ

505
00:44:50,090 --> 00:44:54,590
variable amounts of glucose ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฅูŠุฏ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡

506
00:44:54,590 --> 00:44:59,010
ุฃู† constant infusion ู„ู„ุฃู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ

507
00:44:59,010 --> 00:45:07,730
ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ glucose to

508
00:45:07,730 --> 00:45:10,250
maintain blood glucose at a normal fasting

509
00:45:10,250 --> 00:45:13,940
concentration ู„ุฃู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง

510
00:45:13,940 --> 00:45:17,220
ุฃู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู€ glucose ุจุงู„ุชู†ุงู‚ุต ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู†ุจุฏุฃ

511
00:45:17,220 --> 00:45:22,220
ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ glucose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ intravenously ูˆู„ุงุฒู…

512
00:45:22,220 --> 00:45:25,760
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฃู† ู†ุนุทูŠ

513
00:45:25,760 --> 00:45:31,460
ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ insulin ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุณู‡ู„ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฅุฐุง

514
00:45:31,460 --> 00:45:35,320
ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู…ู…ูƒู†

515
00:45:35,320 --> 00:45:42,240
ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠ hypoglycemia ูŠุจู‚ู‰ insulin ูˆู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ

516
00:45:42,240 --> 00:45:47,680
ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ Glucose ูˆููŠู‡ ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู€ Glucose

517
00:45:47,680 --> 00:45:50,420
concentration ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Glucose

518
00:45:50,420 --> 00:45:54,900
concentration ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ concentration ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

519
00:45:54,900 --> 00:45:59,700
ููŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุตุงุฆู…ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† 70 ู„ู€ 110

520
00:46:02,350 --> 00:46:04,370
(Repeated word "ู„ุงุฌุฆ" removed)

521
00:46:04,370 --> 00:46:06,890
(Repeated word "ู„ุงุฌุฆ" removed)

522
00:46:06,890 --> 00:46:11,430
(Repeated word "ู„ุงุฌุฆ" removed)

523
00:46:11,430 --> 00:46:11,470
(Repeated word "ู„ุงุฌุฆ" removed)

524
00:46:11,470 --> 00:46:12,930
(Repeated word "ู„ุงุฌุฆ" removed)

525
00:46:12,930 --> 00:46:14,670
(Repeated word "ู„ุงุฌุฆ" removed)

526
00:46:14,670 --> 00:46:15,210
(Repeated word "ู„ุงุฌุฆ" removed)

527
00:46:15,210 --> 00:46:16,710
(Repeated word "ู„ุงุฌุฆ" removed)

528
00:46:16,710 --> 00:46:19,530
(Repeated word "ู„ุงุฌุฆ" removed)

529
00:46:19,530 --> 00:46:24,830
(Repeated word "ู„ุงุฌุฆ" removed)

530
00:46:24,830 --> 00:46:29,280
(Corrected spelling and grammar)  ูŠูู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†... ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…

531
00:46:29,280 --> 00:46:35,880
ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ endogenous insulin ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุงุŸ ูˆุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ

532
00:46:35,880 --> 00:46:41,900
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ hyperglycemia ูŠุจู‚ู‰

533
00:46:41,900 --> 00:46:47,900
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€... glucose concentration ูŠุนู†ูŠ

534
00:46:47,900 --> 00:46:51,900
ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ normal fasting

535
00:46:51,900 --> 00:46:56,960
concentration ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ large doses of exogenous

536
00:46:56,960 --> 00:47:01,080
insulin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุชูุญู‚ู† at a constant

537
00:47:01,080 --> 00:47:02,680
concentration

538
00:47:05,210 --> 00:47:08,990
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ constant

539
00:47:08,990 --> 00:47:14,950
insulin infusion ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง Variable glucose infusion

540
00:47:14,950 --> 00:47:19,570
ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Frequent blood sampling ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ูŠุณ

541
00:47:19,570 --> 00:47:27,170
ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ Glucose ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง Variable glucose

542
00:47:27,170 --> 00:47:30,350
infusion ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ููŠู‡ ุจู†ุงุกู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ concentration

543
00:47:31,420 --> 00:47:36,580
adjust glucose infusion to ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ clamp blood

544
00:47:36,580 --> 00:47:38,220
glucose levels

545
00:47:40,900 --> 00:47:45,200
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€ Euglycemic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ glucose

546
00:47:45,200 --> 00:47:49,400
clamp ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุดูˆู ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ measure of the

547
00:47:49,400 --> 00:47:53,400
whole body glucose disposal ุจู†ุดูˆู ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‚ุงุฏุฑ

548
00:47:53,400 --> 00:47:57,960
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ infusion

549
00:47:57,960 --> 00:48:02,060
at a given level of insulinemia ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

550
00:48:02,060 --> 00:48:08,990
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ constant infusion of insulin under steady

551
00:48:08,990 --> 00:48:17,510
state conditions ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ุฃู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง

552
00:48:17,510 --> 00:48:20,910
ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ glucose concentration ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ

553
00:48:20,910 --> 00:48:27,370
ู…ุน ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ insulin concentration ุฃูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€

554
00:48:27,370 --> 00:48:31,410
exogenous insulin ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุฑุถู‡

555
00:48:31,410 --> 00:48:35,480
ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€ glucose ุงู„ู„ูŠ

556
00:48:35,480 --> 00:48:41,740
ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Insulin Resistance ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง

557
00:48:41,740 --> 00:48:44,660
ุฃู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

558
00:48:44,660 --> 00:48:47,200
Insulin Resistance ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

559
00:48:47,200 --> 00:48:51,740
Syndrome X ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ูŠูุนุฑู ุจุงู„ู€ Metabolic Syndrome

560
00:48:51,740 --> 00:48:55,060
a group of associated clinical and laboratory

561
00:48:55,060 --> 00:48:59,120
findings ูˆู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Insulin

562
00:48:59,120 --> 00:49:03,080
Resistance ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ hyperinsulinemia ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ

563
00:49:03,080 --> 00:49:06,120
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ insulin concentrationุŒ obesityุŒ ูˆ

564
00:49:06,120 --> 00:49:10,060
dyslipidemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุดู…ู„ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€

565
00:49:10,060 --> 00:49:18,620
triglyceridesุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ

566
00:49:18,620 --> 00:49:24,120
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ high-density lipoproteinุŒ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง

567
00:49:24,120 --> 00:49:27,910
hypertension ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุถุทุฑุงุจ

568
00:49:27,910 --> 00:49:34,510
ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ููŠ ูุฑุตุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง

569
00:49:34,510 --> 00:49:38,980
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ type 2 diabetes mellitus ุงู„ู€ Genetics

570
00:49:38,980 --> 00:49:44,740
ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ Genetic factors ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠ

571
00:49:44,740 --> 00:49:50,140
ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุทุจุนู‹ุง at higher risk ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจู€ Type 2

572
00:49:50,140 --> 00:49:53,060
Diabetes Mellitus ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุน ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ Environmental

573
00:49:53,060 --> 00:49:59,040
factors ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ  Environmental factors such as

574
00:49:59,040 --> 00:50:02,380
diet and exercise are important determinants in

575
00:50:02,380 --> 00:50:05,860
the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ูŠุจู‚ู‰

576
00:50:05,860 --> 00:50:11,020
ุงู„ู€ diet ูˆุงู„ู€ exercise ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ genetic

577
00:50:11,020 --> 00:50:18,640
factors ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุด ู…ุญุงูุธ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุบุฐุงุก

578
00:50:18,640 --> 00:50:27,260
ุตุญูŠุŒ ู…ุงููŠุด exerciseุŒ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉุŒ ููŠู‡ ุฎู…ูˆู„ุŒ

579
00:50:27,260 --> 00:50:32,940
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนุฑุถ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ

580
00:50:32,940 --> 00:50:38,900
ุจู€ type 2 diabetes mellitus (Repeated word "ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ" removed)

581
00:50:38,900 --> 00:50:40,880
(Repeated word "ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ" removed)

582
00:50:40,880 --> 00:50:45,700
(Repeated word "ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ" removed)

583
00:50:45,700 --> 00:50:53,540
(Repeated word "ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ" removed)

584
00:50:53,540 --> 00:50:56,560
(Repeated word "ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ" removed)

585
00:50:57,020 --> 00:51:02,500
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู…ุง obese ุฃูˆ overweightุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ

586
00:51:02,500 --> 00:51:06,900
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ obesity ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ type 2 diabetes mellitus

587
00:51:10,840 --> 00:51:17,580
ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€ obese ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†

588
00:51:17,580 --> 00:51:21,800
ูŠุตุงุจูˆุง ุฃูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุตุงุจูˆุง ุจู€ type 2 diabetes mellitusุŸ

589
00:51:21,800 --> 00:51:28,220
ู„ุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€

590
00:51:28,220 --> 00:51:31,820
obese, less than 15 percent of obese individuals

591
00:51:31,820 --> 00:51:39,180
will develop diabetes ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุงุŸ ุฌู‡ุฏ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€

592
00:51:39,180 --> 00:51:41,220
Genetic factorsุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ Genetic factors ู…ุง

593
00:51:41,220 --> 00:51:44,700
ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ obese ูˆู…ุงููŠุด

594
00:51:44,700 --> 00:51:48,580
exercise ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ Genetic

595
00:51:48,580 --> 00:51:55,180
factors ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดุฎุต ูƒุงู† obese ูˆู…ุงููŠุด exercise

596
00:51:55,180 --> 00:51:58,660
ูˆุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตุงุจ ุจุงู„ู€ Type

597
00:51:58,660 --> 00:52:02,820
2 Diabetes MellitusุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุด ุดุฑุท ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุนุดุงู† obese

598
00:52:02,820 --> 00:52:07,980
ูŠุตุงุจุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ genetic factors

599
00:52:07,980 --> 00:52:12,520
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดุฎุต ูƒุงู† obese ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ

600
00:52:12,520 --> 00:52:16,560
ุฃู† ูŠุตุงุจ ุจู€ type 2 diabetes mellitusุŒ ุฅู† 60% to

601
00:52:16,560 --> 00:52:20,320
80% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are

602
00:52:20,320 --> 00:52:21,200
obese

603
00:52:26,260 --> 00:52:29,900
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠูƒูˆู† obese ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ูˆุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

604
00:52:29,900 --> 00:52:34,340
type 2 diabetes mellitus ู„ูƒู† ูŠูู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡

605
00:52:34,340 --> 00:52:39,220
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ carbohydrate tolerance ููŠ

606
00:52:39,220 --> 00:52:43,060
ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ carbohydrates ูˆู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ูŠูู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡

607
00:52:43,060 --> 00:52:47,100
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… hyperinsulinemia and are insulin

608
00:52:47,100 --> 00:52:48,220
resistant

609
00:52:50,730 --> 00:52:54,910
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Obesity ุนุงู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Genetic

610
00:52:54,910 --> 00:52:57,250
predisposition ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Family history ุทุจุนู‹ุง

611
00:52:57,250 --> 00:52:59,810
ูŠุคุซุฑ ููŠู‡  ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Duration

612
00:52:59,810 --> 00:53:04,850
of Obesity ูˆุงู„ู€ Distribution of Fat ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู†

613
00:53:04,850 --> 00:53:09,290
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู€ Fat ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ

614
00:53:09,290 --> 00:53:14,570
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fat ู…ูˆุฒุน ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Trunk ุฃูˆ ู…ูˆุฒุน ููŠ

615
00:53:14,570 --> 00:53:19,920
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู‡ูŠ

616
00:53:19,920 --> 00:53:26,300
ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจู€ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus It is

617
00:53:26,300 --> 00:53:28,840
important to note that intervention can delay or

618
00:53:28,840 --> 00:53:32,920
prevent the onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ุทุจุนู‹ุง

619
00:53:32,920 --> 00:53:36,240
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู„ู… ูŠูุตุงุจ ุจู€ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

620
00:53:36,240 --> 00:53:43,930
ูู‡ู†ุง ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ pre-diabetes ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง

621
00:53:43,930 --> 00:53:52,250
ูƒุงู† ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุฏุฎู„ ูˆุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชู†ุธูŠู… ู„ู„ุฃูƒู„ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡

622
00:53:52,250 --> 00:53:57,290
exercise ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู†

623
00:53:57,290 --> 00:54:02,330
ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุคุฎุฑ ุฃูˆ ู†ู…ู†ุน ู…ู† ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ู€ Type 2

624
00:54:02,330 --> 00:54:08,730
Diabetes Mellitus ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุชู… ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฅุซุจุงุชู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„

625
00:54:08,730 --> 00:54:10,170
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช

626
00:54:12,560 --> 00:54:14,120
(Repeated word "ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ" removed)

627
00:54:14,120 --> 00:54:14,700
(Repeated word "ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ" removed)

628
00:54:14,700 --> 00:54:18,340
(Repeated word "ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ" removed)

629
00:54:18,340 --> 00:54:20,260
(Repeated word "ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ" removed)

630
00:54:20,260 --> 00:54:24,260
(Repeated word "ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ" removed)

631
00:54:24,260 --> 00:54:24,320
(Repeated word "ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ" removed)

632
00:54:24,320 --> 00:54:24,860
(Repeated word

667
00:57:08,750 --> 00:57:13,570
Genetic Factors ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุฌู†ูˆู†ุฉ ุฌู†ูˆู†ุงู‹

668
00:57:13,570 --> 00:57:18,390
ูˆู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุถุนูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู†ูู„ูˆู†ุงุช

669
00:57:18,390 --> 00:57:19,710
ุฅูƒุณูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ

670
00:57:27,310 --> 00:57:32,830
factors ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง multi

671
00:57:32,830 --> 00:57:35,550
genetic factors  ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑุงู‹ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€

672
00:57:35,550 --> 00:57:38,150
diabetes mellitus ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ atherosclerosisุŒ

673
00:57:38,150 --> 00:57:41,590
hypertensionุŒ osteoporosis

674
00:57:44,400 --> 00:57:49,540
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุทุฑู‚ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชู… ุงู„ูƒุดู ุนู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ

675
00:57:49,540 --> 00:57:56,220
ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจู€ Type 2

676
00:57:56,220 --> 00:58:02,300
Diabetes Mellitus ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…

677
00:58:02,300 --> 00:58:04,900
ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Genome-wide Association

678
00:58:04,900 --> 00:58:13,900
Studies ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฅุดุงุฑุฉู‹ ุฃูˆ

679
00:58:13,900 --> 00:58:21,260
ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ุฏูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฑุจุท ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ genes ุจู…ุฑุถ

680
00:58:21,260 --> 00:58:24,580
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ type 2 diabetes mellitus with more than

681
00:58:24,580 --> 00:58:29,180
60 genetic loci now identified