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1
00:00:02,160 --> 00:00:06,640
Ten-year-old male presented to the emergency

2
00:00:06,640 --> 00:00:12,740
department with recent history of polydipsia ูŠุจู‚ู‰

3
00:00:12,740 --> 00:00:19,500
ุทูู„ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ูŠู† ูˆุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุจุงู„ ููŠ

4
00:00:19,500 --> 00:00:28,200
ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุทุดุŒ fast polydipsiaุŒ ุจูˆู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง

5
00:00:28,200 --> 00:00:36,820
ูˆููŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ frequent urinationุŒ ูˆ vomiting on

6
00:00:36,820 --> 00:00:41,920
admission. Blood specimens were collected for

7
00:00:41,920 --> 00:00:44,480
routine chemistries and gases with the following

8
00:00:44,480 --> 00:00:52,020
results. ุจูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆูุญุตูˆุง ุงู„ู€ electrolytes ููŠ

9
00:00:52,020 --> 00:00:55,730
ุงู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ูˆุงู„ู€ chloride. ุงู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง

10
00:00:55,730 --> 00:00:59,870
ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ. ุงู„ู€ sodiumุŒ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู…

11
00:00:59,870 --> 00:01:05,810
ุทุจูŠุนูŠ. ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑุงูŠุฏ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ุฎูุถ. ุงู„ู€ total CO2

12
00:01:05,810 --> 00:01:15,350
ู…ู†ุฎูุถ. 14. ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆููŠ

13
00:01:15,350 --> 00:01:21,390
ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุชูุนูŠู†. ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุฑุชูุน ุจุดูƒู„

14
00:01:21,390 --> 00:01:28,780
ูƒุจูŠุฑ: 1063 milligram per deciliter. ูˆุงู„ู€ pH ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

15
00:01:28,780 --> 00:01:33,220
ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ pHุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 7.18ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

16
00:01:33,220 --> 00:01:40,400
acidosis ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ู…ู†

17
00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:44,240
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ presentation ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ case. ุทูู„ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุนุดุฑ

18
00:01:44,240 --> 00:01:51,850
ุณู†ูŠู† ุนู…ุฑู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู…ุฑุชูุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ. ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pH

19
00:01:51,850 --> 00:01:56,330
ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ุทุจุนุงู‹ุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ AcidosisุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ CO2 ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ู†ุฎูุถ.

20
00:01:56,330 --> 00:02:01,550
ููŠุนู†ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุงู„ุทูู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ

21
00:02:01,550 --> 00:02:04,590
ุจุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Type I Diabetes

22
00:02:04,590 --> 00:02:08,670
Mellitus. ูˆุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ complications ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

23
00:02:08,670 --> 00:02:16,260
ุงู„ู€ acute ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู€ Type IุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

24
00:02:16,260 --> 00:02:22,220
ketoacidosis. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ketoacidosis. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุจูŠู† ุฃู†

25
00:02:22,220 --> 00:02:26,780
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ ketoacidosis.

26
00:02:26,780 --> 00:02:31,860
ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ ketoacidosis ุฏู‡ุŒ several

27
00:02:31,860 --> 00:02:35,260
metabolic arrangements. ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

28
00:02:35,260 --> 00:02:37,660
ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŒ ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ metabolism

29
00:02:37,660 --> 00:02:44,140
ู„ู„ู€ carbohydratesุŒ ู„ู„ู€ proteinsุŒ ู„ู„ู€ lipids. ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€

30
00:02:44,140 --> 00:02:49,260
carbohydratesุŒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ

31
00:02:49,260 --> 00:02:54,260
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูŠุฏูุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฅู„ู‰ glycogen

32
00:02:54,260 --> 00:03:00,180
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุงุชูŠูƒูŠ. ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ

33
00:03:00,180 --> 00:03:03,480
ุงู„ู€ Diabetic KetoacidosisุŒ ุงู†ุนุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูŠุณุจุจ ููŠ

34
00:03:03,480 --> 00:03:06,930
ุงู†ู‡ูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ glycogen. ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

35
00:03:06,930 --> 00:03:11,830
ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹ ู„ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒุŒ ู…ุง ููŠุด ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏุฎู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„

36
00:03:11,830 --> 00:03:15,410
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง. ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุฑุชูุน ุจุดูƒู„

37
00:03:15,410 --> 00:03:21,650
ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง: 1260. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€

38
00:03:21,650 --> 00:03:26,090
hyperglycemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ. ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€

39
00:03:26,090 --> 00:03:32,430
lipid metabolism. ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠูุชุญ lipogenesis. ุฅุฐุง

40
00:03:32,430 --> 00:03:36,850
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุตู†ูŠุน

41
00:03:36,850 --> 00:03:41,670
ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู†ุŒ ูˆ induction ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู†. ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ DKAุŒ

42
00:03:41,670 --> 00:03:45,530
insufficient insulin leads to lipolysis with the

43
00:03:45,530 --> 00:03:50,710
production of glycerol and fatty acids. ู„ุฃู† ู…ุง ุฒุงู„

44
00:03:50,710 --> 00:03:56,050
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ lysis ู„ู€

45
00:03:57,680 --> 00:04:01,440
ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

46
00:04:01,440 --> 00:04:04,880
glucogenolysisุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆู†ูŠูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุณูŠุณุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุฃู†

47
00:04:04,880 --> 00:04:08,380
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆู†ูŠูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุณูŠุณ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน

48
00:04:08,380 --> 00:04:11,660
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ from non-carbohydrate sourcesุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

49
00:04:11,660 --> 00:04:15,700
ุงู„ู„ุจูŠุฏุงุชุŒ ูˆุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ proteinsุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ

50
00:04:15,700 --> 00:04:21,600
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ูŠูพูˆู„ูŠุฒูŠุณุŒ ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ุฌู„ูŠุณุฑูˆู„

51
00:04:21,600 --> 00:04:26,160
ูˆ fatty acids. ุงู„ู€ Fatty acids are further metabolized

52
00:04:26,160 --> 00:04:30,420
for energy. ุจูŠุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Oxidation ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ Fatty acids

53
00:04:30,420 --> 00:04:35,840
ูˆุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ ketones ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ: ุงู„ู€ Beta

54
00:04:35,840 --> 00:04:39,560
-hydroxybutyrateุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ AcetoacetateุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง

55
00:04:39,560 --> 00:04:46,260
ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€ Acetone. ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ketonesุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€

56
00:04:46,260 --> 00:04:49,440
ketones ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง. ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ deranged

57
00:04:49,440 --> 00:04:53,800
protein metabolism. ุจุฑุถู‡ insufficient insulin leads

58
00:04:53,800 --> 00:04:56,580
to proteolysis. ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŒ ู„ุฃู† ููŠู‡ gluconeogenesis

59
00:04:56,580 --> 00:05:00,920
ุญูŠุตูŠุฑุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง breakdown ู„ู„ู€ proteinsุŒ ุนุดุงู†

60
00:05:00,920 --> 00:05:07,140
ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ amino acids ููŠ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุงู‚ุฉ.

61
00:05:07,140 --> 00:05:10,500
ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰

62
00:05:10,500 --> 00:05:12,920
Leads to proteolysis. ุงู„ู€ negative nitrogen balance

63
00:05:13,770 --> 00:05:17,570
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ negative nitrogen balance. ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

64
00:05:17,570 --> 00:05:24,630
ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ nitrogen ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ูŠุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ. ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ

65
00:05:24,630 --> 00:05:27,850
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง negative nitrogen balance. ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ

66
00:05:27,850 --> 00:05:33,710
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุน ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„. ุทูŠุจ

67
00:05:33,710 --> 00:05:37,050
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง: electrolyte imbalances.

68
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Hyperglycemia may lead to osmotic diuresis and

69
00:05:40,790 --> 00:05:47,130
urinary sodium loss. ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฃุณู…ูˆุฒูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ

70
00:05:47,130 --> 00:05:55,170
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒุŒ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุงูŠู‡ุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€

71
00:05:55,170 --> 00:06:00,610
sodium ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุจุฑุถู‡ุŒ ูŠุจุฏุฃ

72
00:06:00,610 --> 00:06:04,390
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŒ ูŠุฑุชูุนุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

73
00:06:04,390 --> 00:06:10,970
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ. ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู†

74
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ุงู„ู€ threshold ู„ู€ glucose reabsorption ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ

75
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ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ 180. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 1260ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎุฑูˆุฌ

76
00:06:20,210 --> 00:06:26,230
 ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ urine. ูˆู…ุงุฒุงู„

77
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osmotically active. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุนุงู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช

78
00:06:29,370 --> 00:06:32,410
ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงูŠู‡. ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡

79
00:06:32,410 --> 00:06:36,930
polyuriaุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ urination ุจุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑ. ูˆ

80
00:06:36,930 --> 00:06:41,230
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ polydipsiaุŒ ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ู€ polydipsiaุŒ

81
00:06:41,230 --> 00:06:47,370
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูู‚ุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงูŠู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†

82
00:06:47,370 --> 00:06:52,110
ุงู„ู€ osmolalityุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅุญุณุงุณ

83
00:06:52,110 --> 00:06:59,470
ุจุงู„ุนุทุด. ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„ุŒ ุฏู‡ sodium depletion. ู„ุฃู† ุฅุฐุง

84
00:06:59,470 --> 00:07:02,530
ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ sodium loss. Sodium

85
00:07:02,530 --> 00:07:06,410
depletion further worsened by vomiting. ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€

86
00:07:06,410 --> 00:07:09,450
vomiting ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„ุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒุงุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

87
00:07:09,450 --> 00:07:14,810
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูู‚ุฏุงู† sodium ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„. However,

88
00:07:14,930 --> 00:07:20,010
hypernatremia is a common finding in DKA. ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†

89
00:07:20,010 --> 00:07:25,010
ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ู…ู†ุฎูุถ. ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†

90
00:07:25,010 --> 00:07:30,190
ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ู…ุฑุชูุน. common finding when dehydration

91
00:07:30,190 --> 00:07:37,770
predominates over sodium loss. ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูู‚ุฏ

92
00:07:37,770 --> 00:07:42,370
ู„ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ. ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูู‚ุฏ ู„ู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู†

93
00:07:42,370 --> 00:07:49,570
ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงูŠู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ

94
00:07:49,570 --> 00:07:55,170
ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฏุงูŠุจุฉ ููŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ

95
00:07:55,170 --> 00:07:59,630
ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงูŠู‡. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ concentration ุจุชู€ุฑุชูุนุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

96
00:07:59,630 --> 00:08:04,990
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ relative increase. ูŠุนู†ูŠ

97
00:08:04,990 --> 00:08:07,950
ุฒูŠ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ sodiumุŒ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ sodium ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„

98
00:08:07,950 --> 00:08:16,190
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„: 1 ุบุฑุงู…ุŒ ุฏุงูŠุจุฉ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ููŠ ู„ุชุฑ. ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ

99
00:08:16,190 --> 00:08:22,110
0.9 ุบุฑุงู… ุฏุงูŠุจุฉ ููŠ ู†ุตู ู„ุชุฑ. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃู† ุฏูŠ

100
00:08:22,110 --> 00:08:25,250
ูู‚ุฏ ู„ู„ู…ุงูŠู‡ุŒ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ู„ู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

101
00:08:25,250 --> 00:08:30,090
ุงู„ู…ุงูŠู‡ ุฃู‚ู„. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุฃูˆ

102
00:08:30,090 --> 00:08:32,910
ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ sodium

103
00:08:32,910 --> 00:08:36,230
concentration. ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡

104
00:08:36,230 --> 00:08:39,990
vomiting. ูู€ ุงู„ู€ vomiting ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ูู‚ุฏ ู„ู„ู€

105
00:08:39,990 --> 00:08:43,370
ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…. ู„ุฃู† ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†

106
00:08:43,370 --> 00:08:47,590
ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ. ุงู„ุฃุณูŠุฏูˆุฒูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ DKA ุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ

107
00:08:47,590 --> 00:08:52,350
ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุณู„ุจูŠุŒ ูŠุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ

108
00:08:52,350 --> 00:08:58,230
ุงู„ู€ hyperkalemia. ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู† ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ุฒู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ

109
00:08:58,230 --> 00:09:06,070
ู„ู„ุฃุณูŠุฏูˆุฒูŠุณุŒ ุฃู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู„ู…ุง

110
00:09:06,070 --> 00:09:11,370
ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุณูŠุฏูˆุฒูŠุณ. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ู„ู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู†

111
00:09:11,370 --> 00:09:17,730
ุฃูŠูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ red blood cellsุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

112
00:09:17,730 --> 00:09:21,930
hydrogen ions ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุนุฏู„

113
00:09:21,930 --> 00:09:25,710
ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ pH ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ hydrogen

114
00:09:25,710 --> 00:09:30,090
ions ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ red blood cells. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ูƒู…ุง

115
00:09:30,090 --> 00:09:33,530
ุชุนุฑููˆู† ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู€ electric neutrality. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹

116
00:09:33,530 --> 00:09:37,030
ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ ions ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ

117
00:09:37,030 --> 00:09:39,950
ุงู„ู€ ions ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจุฉ. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅุฐุง ุฏุฎู„ุช ุงู„ู€ hydrogen

118
00:09:39,950 --> 00:09:43,070
ions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุทู„ุน

119
00:09:43,070 --> 00:09:46,830
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ positive ion. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุนุŸ ุงู„ู€

120
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potassium ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุนุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุฏุฎู„ hydrogen ionุŒ

121
00:09:52,110 --> 00:09:55,390
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ hydrogen ionุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุณู†

122
00:09:55,390 --> 00:10:00,310
ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ pHุŒ ูˆุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู…. However,

123
00:10:00,310 --> 00:10:03,830
because potassium is also lost renally and extra-

124
00:10:03,830 --> 00:10:08,370
renally, total body potassium is often depleted. ู„ุฃู†

125
00:10:08,370 --> 00:10:12,010
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูƒุงู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุทุจูŠุนูŠ.

126
00:10:12,010 --> 00:10:17,590
ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… 3.5. ุทุจุนุงู‹ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡

127
00:10:17,590 --> 00:10:20,410
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง hyperkalemia. ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

128
00:10:20,410 --> 00:10:25,730
loss ู„ู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ kidneyุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู†

129
00:10:25,730 --> 00:10:30,310
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ vomiting. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน

130
00:10:30,310 --> 00:10:32,030
ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู…. ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู€ concentration

131
00:10:32,030 --> 00:10:38,000
ุชุจุนู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ. ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช

132
00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:41,900
ุฃู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู…ุฑุชูุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ. ู„ุฃู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู‡

133
00:10:41,900 --> 00:10:47,080
ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุนุทูˆู‡ insulinุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุฎูุถูˆุง

134
00:10:47,080 --> 00:10:51,560
ู…ู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ insulin therapy

135
00:10:51,560 --> 00:11:01,400
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ hypokalemia. ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†

136
00:11:01,400 --> 00:11:04,840
ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง.

137
00:11:09,780 --> 00:11:13,240
ุงู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ potassium ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€

138
00:11:13,240 --> 00:11:17,140
ATPุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ sodium potassium pump activity.

139
00:11:17,140 --> 00:11:20,600
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ potassium ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„

140
00:11:20,600 --> 00:11:24,660
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠูุนุทูŠู‡ุงุŒ ุจูŠุดูŠุฑ

141
00:11:24,660 --> 00:11:28,660
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ

142
00:11:28,660 --> 00:11:30,760
ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏูˆุซ hypokalemia.

143
00:11:32,850 --> 00:11:36,170
ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ููˆุณูุงุช ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุดูƒู„

144
00:11:36,170 --> 00:11:42,350
intraceullular ู…ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†

145
00:11:42,350 --> 00:11:46,010
ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู…ุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠุจูˆูุณูุงุชูŠู…ูŠุง.

146
00:11:46,010 --> 00:11:49,990
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุŒ ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ

147
00:11:49,990 --> 00:11:56,200
ู„ู„ู€ electrolytes ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช

148
00:11:56,200 --> 00:11:59,680
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ acid-base balanceุŒ ุฒูŠ

149
00:11:59,680 --> 00:12:04,120
ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ pH ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉ. ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

150
00:12:04,120 --> 00:12:07,840
ุงู„ู€ acidosis. Production of ketoacids in DKA causes

151
00:12:07,840 --> 00:12:13,760
high anion gap metabolic acidosis with beta

152
00:12:13,760 --> 00:12:17,480
hydroxybutyrate more abundant than acetoacetate.

153
00:12:18,920 --> 00:12:22,380
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ูŠูพูˆู„ูŠุฒูŠุณุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

154
00:12:22,380 --> 00:12:25,880
ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ oxidation ู„ู€ fatty acidsุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ

155
00:12:25,880 --> 00:12:31,960
ู„ูƒูŠุชูˆู† ุฃุณูŠุฏ. ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูƒูŠุชูˆู† ุฃุณูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

156
00:12:31,960 --> 00:12:38,260
ุฃูˆ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุงู„ู€ pHุŒ ูˆุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ hydrogen

157
00:12:38,260 --> 00:12:46,680
ions. ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ causes high anion gap. ุญู†ุญูƒูŠ

158
00:12:46,680 --> 00:12:49,520
ุนู† ุงู„ู€ anions gap ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ electrolytesุŒ ู„ุฃู†

159
00:12:49,520 --> 00:12:54,800
ุงู„ู€ anions gap ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ unmeasured

160
00:12:54,800 --> 00:12:59,560
anions ู…ุทุฑูˆุญ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ unmeasured cationsุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ

161
00:12:59,560 --> 00:13:04,780
ุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู„ู‡ุง reference interval ู…ุนูŠู†. ุฅุจุฏุงุนุงู‹

162
00:13:04,780 --> 00:13:09,080
ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ anions gapุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุตุงุฑ ููŠู†ุง

163
00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:15,870
ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ anions ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ. ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€

164
00:13:15,870 --> 00:13:19,650
lactic acid ุจุฑุถู‡ production ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุฒูŠุฏ

165
00:13:19,650 --> 00:13:25,750
ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู€ poor circulationุŒ ูˆ shock. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†

166
00:13:25,750 --> 00:13:30,230
ุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ metabolic acidosis. ูˆู„ูŠ changes in urea ูˆ

167
00:13:30,230 --> 00:13:33,170
ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู†. ู„ุฃู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง

168
00:13:33,170 --> 00:13:37,490
ูˆุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู†. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡

169
00:13:37,490 --> 00:13:41,830
dehydrationุŒ ููŠ ูู‚ุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงูŠู‡. ูŠุจู‚ู‰

170
00:13:41,830 --> 00:13:47,910
ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ blood volume ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ

171
00:13:47,910 --> 00:13:54,150
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ pre-renal azotemia. ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุนุงุฑููŠู†

172
00:13:54,820 --> 00:13:59,400
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง. ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ููŠู‡ุง

173
00:13:59,400 --> 00:14:01,460
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pre-renalุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ renalุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ post-renal.

174
00:14:01,460 --> 00:14:06,700
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ blood volumeุŒ ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง

175
00:14:06,700 --> 00:14:10,060
ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุคุฏูŠ

176
00:14:10,060 --> 

223
00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:32,360
ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ Osmotic Diuresis ุณู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†

224
00:17:32,360 --> 00:17:35,420
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงุณู…ู‡ Osmotically ActiveุŒ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ

225
00:17:35,420 --> 00:17:38,740
ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุณุญุจ ู…ุนู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช

226
00:17:38,740 --> 00:17:44,340
ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุณูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰

227
00:17:44,340 --> 00:17:48,840
ูู‚ุฏุŒ ูˆุณูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ู†ุง imbalance ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตุจุญ ูู‚ุฏ ู„ู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุช

228
00:17:50,670 --> 00:17:55,370
ูˆุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุณูŠุตุจุญ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ HypovolemiaุŒ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ blood

229
00:17:55,370 --> 00:17:59,950
volumeุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ dehydration ููŠ ุงู„ู€ plasma

230
00:17:59,950 --> 00:18:04,510
osmolality ุงู„ุชูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุชุนุฑููŠู† ุงู„ู€

231
00:18:04,510 --> 00:18:09,010
hypothalamus  ู…ุณุชุฌูŠุจ ู„ู„ู€ osmolality ุงู„ุชูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ู„ุฃู†

232
00:18:09,010 --> 00:18:13,820
ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ osmolalityุŒ ุงู„ู€ hypothalamus ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ

233
00:18:13,820 --> 00:18:18,080
ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠูุนู„ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ู€ antidiuretic

234
00:18:18,080 --> 00:18:23,060
hormoneุŒ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตุจุญ ุนู†ุฏู‡ more absorption ู„ู„ู…ุงุก

235
00:18:23,060 --> 00:18:29,180
ูˆูŠุนุทูŠ ุฅุญุณุงุณ ุจุงู„ุนุทุดุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

236
00:18:29,180 --> 00:18:35,600
thirstุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠูˆุฑูŠู…ูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ

237
00:18:35,600 --> 00:18:49,100
ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู€Hypovolemia ุงู„ุชูŠ ุตุงุฑุชุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู„

238
00:18:49,100 --> 00:18:54,340
ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Glomerular Filtration RateุŒ ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุนุฑููˆู† ูƒู„ู…ุง

239
00:18:54,340 --> 00:18:59,120
ู‚ู„ุช Glomerular Filtration RateุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€

240
00:18:59,120 --> 00:19:02,580
Substances ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ filtration ู‚ู„ุช

241
00:19:02,580 --> 00:19:08,870
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ ุงุฑุชูุงุน/ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Renal

242
00:19:08,870 --> 00:19:12,610
Hydrogen ExcretionุŒ ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Glomerular

243
00:19:12,610 --> 00:19:17,590
Filtration RateุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Hydrogen Ion

244
00:19:17,590 --> 00:19:21,350
ExcretionุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฑุชูุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€

245
00:19:21,350 --> 00:19:25,930
Hydrogen Ions ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ more

246
00:19:25,930 --> 00:19:30,240
Excretion of Hydrogen IonsุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุน ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„

247
00:19:30,240 --> 00:19:34,020
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Glucose Reception RateุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

248
00:19:34,020 --> 00:19:36,340
Excretion ุงู„ุชูŠ ู„ู„ู€ hydrogen ionsุŒ ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุณุงุนุฏ

249
00:19:36,340 --> 00:19:44,080
ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ู€ AcidosisุŒ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ูƒูŠุชูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุฑุชูุนุช

250
00:19:44,080 --> 00:19:50,640
ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Ketones ุฃูŠุถู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

251
00:19:50,640 --> 00:19:53,440
release  ู„ู€ hydrogen ionsุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€

252
00:19:53,440 --> 00:19:58,780
acidosis ุงู„ุชูŠ ุตุงุฑุชุŒ ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠูƒูˆู†

253
00:19:58,780 --> 00:20:02,560
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… KetoacidosisุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุฌุฑุจู†ุง ูˆ ุดู…ูŠู†ุง ู†ูุณ

254
00:20:02,560 --> 00:20:09,370
ุจุชุงุนู‡ู…ุŒ ู†ุฌุฏ ู†ูุณ ููˆุงูƒู‡ูŠ ู‡ูƒุฐุงุŒ ููŠู‡ ุฑูŠุญุฉ ุนุทุฑุฉ ุญู„ูˆุฉุŒ ุงู„ุณุจุจ

255
00:20:09,370 --> 00:20:12,770
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Ketone BodyุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Acetone ุงู„ุฐูŠ

256
00:20:12,770 --> 00:20:17,830
ูŠุณู…ุญ ุจู€ Exhalation ุฃูˆ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฒููŠุฑ

257
00:20:17,830 --> 00:20:23,070
ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Ketone Bodies ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ

258
00:20:23,070 --> 00:20:27,490
ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ VomitingุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู€ VomitingุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€

259
00:20:27,490 --> 00:20:31,290
Ketones ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ acidic substance

260
00:20:31,290 --> 00:20:38,920
ูˆุจูŠุคุฏูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุบุซูŠุงู†ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ vomiting ู‡ูˆ ุณุจุจ

261
00:20:38,920 --> 00:20:45,060
ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠุชูˆู†ุงุชุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Acidosis

262
00:20:45,060 --> 00:20:48,460
ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง AcidosisุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุคู„ุงุก

263
00:20:48,460 --> 00:20:54,140
ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุณุฑูŠุนุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡

264
00:20:54,140 --> 00:20:56,080
Hyperventilation

265
00:20:59,350 --> 00:21:02,610
ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู€ Hyperventilation ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€

266
00:21:02,610 --> 00:21:07,710
compensation mechanismุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุณู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„

267
00:21:07,710 --> 00:21:11,370
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ acid imbalanceุŒ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠ

268
00:21:11,370 --> 00:21:14,830
ู…ุชุงุจูˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏูˆุฒูŠุณุŒ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ compensation mechanism

269
00:21:14,830 --> 00:21:20,630
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู„ู… ูŠูุตุจุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ

270
00:21:20,630 --> 00:21:24,670
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ lungsุŒ ุชุชุฌู‡ ุงู„ู€ lungsุŒ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ compensation

271
00:21:24,670 --> 00:21:31,480
ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pHุŒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ

272
00:21:31,480 --> 00:21:34,920
ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉุŒ ุจุญุซุช ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฑุงุช ุนุฏุฉุŒ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุจุงู„ุตุฏู‚ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู„ุฃ

273
00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:43,580
ุงู„ุขู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ CO2 ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ H2O ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ H2CO3ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง

274
00:21:43,580 --> 00:21:48,540
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุฅู„ู‰ HCO3 ูˆ hydrogen ionsุŒ ุทูŠุจ

275
00:21:48,540 --> 00:21:53,380
ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฑุชูุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ hydrogen ionsุŒ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง

276
00:21:53,380 --> 00:22:04,190
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ H2O ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ CO2ุŒ ู‚ู„ุช ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง H2CO3ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡

277
00:22:04,190 --> 00:22:10,870
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ association ุฅู„ู‰ HCO3 ูˆ HydrogenุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

278
00:22:10,870 --> 00:22:16,650
compensation mechanismุŒ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€

279
00:22:16,650 --> 00:22:20,630
hydrogen ionsุŒ ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ HyperventilationุŒ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ

280
00:22:20,630 --> 00:22:24,690
HyperventilationุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ูŠุฒูŠุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ู…ุง

281
00:22:24,690 --> 00:22:28,730
ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ูŠุฒูŠุฏุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู†ุงุŸ more exhalation

282
00:22:28,730 --> 00:22:33,390
of CO2ุŒ ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู†ุง ูู‚ุท ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ CO2ุŒ ุฅุฐู‹ุง

283
00:22:33,390 --> 00:22:40,020
ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู€ CO2ุŸ ู‡ูŠู†ุฎูุถุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ูŠู†ุฒู„ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู„ู…ุง ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู€

284
00:22:40,020 --> 00:22:44,440
CO2ุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡

285
00:22:44,440 --> 00:22:52,020
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ hydrogen ions  ุชุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน HCO3 ุนุดุงู†

286
00:22:52,020 --> 00:22:55,800
ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง H2CO3ุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนูˆุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุฐูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ CO2

287
00:22:55,800 --> 00:23:00,220
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ

288
00:23:00,220 --> 00:23:05,160
ุฌุงู„ุณูŠู† ู†ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ hydrogen ions ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ

289
00:23:05,160 --> 00:23:12,400
ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

290
00:23:12,400 --> 00:23:18,080
A 27-year-old man was referred to the local

291
00:23:18,080 --> 00:23:22,630
diabetic clinicุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุจ ุนู…ุฑู‡ 27 ุณู†ุฉุŒ he had been

292
00:23:22,630 --> 00:23:26,590
diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes mellitusุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

293
00:23:26,590 --> 00:23:31,690
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจู‡ุง

294
00:23:31,690 --> 00:23:34,070
ุชูˆุตู‘ู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ type 2 diabetes mellitus three

295
00:23:34,070 --> 00:23:38,010
years previouslyุŒ and his control was poorุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

296
00:23:38,010 --> 00:23:42,330
ูƒุงู†ุช ุซู„ุงุซ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ู„ู‡ุŒ ูˆุชุญูƒู…ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช

297
00:23:42,330 --> 00:23:46,710
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠ

298
00:23:46,710 --> 00:23:53,450
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin A1C 9.6%ุŒ despite being on

299
00:23:53,450 --> 00:23:58,050
an optimal dose of metforminุŒ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ูŠุฃุฎุฐู‡

300
00:23:58,050 --> 00:24:03,170
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ metforminุŒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ

301
00:24:03,170 --> 00:24:09,310
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ูŠุจุฏุฃูˆู† ู…ุนู‡ู… ุจู€ dietุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† exerciseุŒ

302
00:24:09,310 --> 00:24:13,570
ุชุฎููŠู ูˆุฒู†ุŒ ูุชุฑุฉุŒ  ุฅู„ุฎุŒ  ูˆุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠู†ุฌุญ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ

303
00:24:13,570 --> 00:24:16,730
ูˆู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุฑุชูุนุŒ ูŠุจุฏุฃูˆู† ู…ุนู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู€ metforminุŒ

304
00:24:16,730 --> 00:24:21,830
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ metforminุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุชุนุฑููŠู†ุŒ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู€

305
00:24:21,830 --> 00:24:28,600
release of glucose from the liverุŒ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุฑุถู‰

306
00:24:28,600 --> 00:24:32,200
ุงู„ุณูƒุฑุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ู„ุฃู†

307
00:24:32,200 --> 00:24:41,580
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€

308
00:24:41,580 --> 00:24:44,300
general practitioner was wondering whether his man

309
00:24:44,300 --> 00:24:49,520
needed to start on insulinุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ poor

310
00:24:49,520 --> 00:24:56,030
control ู„ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ููƒุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†

311
00:24:56,030 --> 00:25:01,690
ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„

312
00:25:01,690 --> 00:25:04,970
ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…

313
00:25:04,970 --> 00:25:10,210
ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…

314
00:25:10,210 --> 00:25:10,630
ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…

315
00:25:10,630 --> 00:25:10,670
ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…

316
00:25:10,670 --> 00:25:13,640
ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุนุงู…ุŒ  ุงู„ู€ Body

317
00:25:13,640 --> 00:25:18,460
Mass Index  ู„ูŠุณ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุณ obeseุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ 26ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

318
00:25:18,460 --> 00:25:24,700
ูŠูุนุชุจุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠู‹ุง ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ 24.9ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูู‡ูˆ 26ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

319
00:25:24,700 --> 00:25:31,320
ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ูˆุถุบุทู‡ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ

320
00:25:31,320 --> 00:25:37,060
ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ family history  ุจุฃู†ู‡ diabetesุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

321
00:25:37,060 --> 00:25:41,580
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุคุดุฑุงุช ู„ุง ุชุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ type 2 diabetes

322
00:25:41,580 --> 00:25:46,400
mellitusุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุตุŒ In view of the strong

323
00:25:46,400 --> 00:25:49,560
family history of diabetesุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฃู† he did not

324
00:25:49,560 --> 00:25:52,140
fit the typical phenotype of type 2 diabetes

325
00:25:52,140 --> 00:25:56,000
mellitusุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ relatively youngุŒ not obeseุŒ nor

326
00:25:56,000 --> 00:25:59,540
hypertensiveุŒ possibility of maturity onset diabetes

327
00:25:59,540 --> 00:26:04,900
of the young was raisedุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ

328
00:26:04,900 --> 00:26:10,360
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…  MODYุŒ ูŠุชู… ุชุดุฎูŠุตู‡ู…

329
00:26:10,360 --> 00:26:16,300
ุฎุทุฃ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… type 2 diabetes mellitusุŒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ

330
00:26:16,300 --> 00:26:19,860
... ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŒ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูŠุฎุชู„ูุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

331
00:26:19,860 --> 00:26:22,620
ู‡ูˆ ุชู… ุชุดุฎูŠุตู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ type 2 diabetes mellitusุŒ

332
00:26:22,620 --> 00:26:26,560
ูŠุฃุฎุฐ ุนู„ุงุฌุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ููŠู‡ poor control ู„ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒุŒ

333
00:26:26,560 --> 00:26:30,460
ูุฏุนู… ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง better

334
00:26:30,460 --> 00:26:38,020
management ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚

335
00:26:38,020 --> 00:26:42,940
ุงู„ู€ Molecular AnalysisุŒ Genotyping revealed a

336
00:26:42,940 --> 00:26:50,460
mutation in the HNF1 Alpha-GeneุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ู„ู‡

337
00:26:50,460 --> 00:26:54,500
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ Beta-cells  ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Release of InsulinุŒ

338
00:26:54,500 --> 00:26:59,340
ูˆ ุงู„ู€ mutation ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ Decrease

339
00:26:59,340 --> 00:27:05,330
Release of Insulin from Beta-cellsุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

340
00:27:05,330 --> 00:27:14,750
ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ metformin ูƒุงู† ู…ููˆู‚ูู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุขู† ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุดูŠุก

341
00:27:14,750 --> 00:27:20,590
ูู‚ุท ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡

342
00:27:20,590 --> 00:27:24,990
ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจุนุฏ metforminุŒ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุญููŠุฒ ู„ู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณุŒ ูˆุชุฒูŠุฏ

343
00:27:24,990 --> 00:27:32,490
ู…ู† ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ

344
00:27:33,140 --> 00:27:37,760
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูุนุทู‰ ู„ู‡ุŒ ุฏูˆุฒ of sulphonylureaุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

345
00:27:37,760 --> 00:27:43,300
sulphonylureaุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ

346
00:27:43,300 --> 00:27:49,720
ุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ insulin secretionุŒ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ

347
00:27:49,720 --> 00:27:53,920
ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุฒุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ูˆูˆุฌุฏ ุฃู†ู‡

348
00:27:53,920 --> 00:28:00,100
semi-consciousุŒ  ุงุจู†ู‡ ุฒุงุฑู‡ ูˆูˆุฌุฏ ุฃู†ู‡

349
00:28:00,100 --> 00:28:04,440
ู„ูŠุณ ุจุตุญุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุบูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุงุฑุจ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠู„ุงุญุธูˆู†

350
00:28:04,440 --> 00:28:07,640
ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 10 ุฃูŠุงู… ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ ุดูˆู‘ููˆู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุนุดุฑ

351
00:28:07,640 --> 00:28:11,300
ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ูƒุงู† ุทุจูŠุนูŠู‹ุงุŒ when he had seemed wellุŒ  ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ููŠู‡

352
00:28:11,300 --> 00:28:13,600
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ  he was admitted to hospital.

353
00:28:14,320 --> 00:28:17,860
On examination, he appeared extremely dehydrated.

354
00:28:18,560 --> 00:28:21,760
ูˆูƒุงู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠู‡ ูู‚ุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุณูˆุงุฆู„ุŒ Results of

355
00:28:21,760 --> 00:28:26,970
biochemical investigations were as followsุŒ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง

356
00:28:26,970 --> 00:28:33,510
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 38 ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆู„ุŒ ุฃูˆ 1006 ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ุจุงู„ุฏูŠุณูŠู„ูŠุชุฑุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

357
00:28:33,510 --> 00:28:36,170
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุนุŒ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชู†ูŠู† 1.5 ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง

358
00:28:36,170 --> 00:28:38,590
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุนุŒ  ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆ

359
00:28:38,590 --> 00:28:41,810
ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ููŠู‡ dehydration ุฒูŠ ู…ุง

360
00:28:41,810 --> 00:28:44,770
ุดูŽูู’ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ููŠู‡ุง dehydration

361
00:28:44,770 --> 00:28:47,990
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ pre-renal azotemiaุŒ

362
00:28:47,990 --> 00:28:51,650
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุงุŒ ูˆ

363
00:28:51,650 --> 00:28:55,720
ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…ุŒ

364
00:28:55,720 --> 00:29:02,340
ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

365
00:29:02,340 --> 00:29:09,280
ุงู„ู€ CO2 18%ุŒ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ุฑุชูุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ 1098

366
00:29:09,280 --> 00:29:13,820
ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ุจุงู„ุฏูŠุณูŠู„ูŠุชุฑุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ Osmolality ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

367
00:29:13,820 --> 00:29:17,060
ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉุŒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู†

368
00:29:23,780 --> 00:29:29,000
ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจุงู„ู€ diabetes mellitusุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ complications

369
00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:32,580
ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€ acuteุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…

370
00:29:32,580 --> 00:29:38,940
ุงู„ู€ hyperosmolar non-ketoticุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…

371
00:29:38,940 --> 00:29:45,660
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ osmolalityุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ููŠู‡

372
00:29:45,660 --> 00:29:50,660
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ketone bodiesุŒ ุขู‡ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ

373
00:29:50,660 --> 00:29:58,020
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูุฑู‘ู‚ุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Ketones ู…ู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‡

374
00:29:58,020 --> 00:30:02,780
ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆุŒ  ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูุฑู‘ู‚ู‡ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง severe

375
00:30:02,780 --> 00:30:07,360
HyperglycemiaุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุฏู‘ุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู€

376
00:30:07,360 --> 00:30:10,540
osmolalityุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Osmotically

377
00:30:10,540 --> 00:30:14,520
activeุŒ Hyperglycemia has driven osmotic

378
00:30:14,520 --> 00:30:20,420
diuresisุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุช

379
00:30:20,420 --> 00:30:23,040
ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู  ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ

380
00:30:23,040 --> 00:30:24,240
ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ

381
00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:25,680
ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ

382
00:30:25,680 --> 00:30:28,220
ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ

383
00:30:28,220 --> 00:30:33,400
ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ

384
00:30:33,400 --> 00:30:39,460
ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ

385
00:30:39,460 --> 00:30:45,390
ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุชุŒ  ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ HyperlipidemiaุŒ ู„ูƒู†

386
00:30:45,390 --> 00:30:48,950
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ vomiting ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ุณุจุจ ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ูู‚ุฏุงู† ู„ู‡

387
00:30:48,950 --> 00:30:53,970
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ SodiumุŒ Total CO2 is slightly reducedุŒ

388
00:30:53,970 --> 00:30:58,570
due to the impaired renal functionุŒ but it's not as

389
00:30:58,570 --> 00:31:00,150
low as what we expected in the case of

390
00:31:00,150 --> 00:31:03,270
ketoacidosisุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ketoacidosis ุงู„ุชูŠ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ูƒุงู†

391
00:31:03,270 --> 00:31:06,090
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ CO2 concentration ุฃู‚ู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ

392
00:31:06,090 --> 00:31:11,850
ุฃุตุจุญุŸ with results as abnormal as thisุŒ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูƒุงู†

393
00:31:11,850 --> 00:31:14,630
ู…ูู…ูŠู‘ุฒู‹ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูƒุงู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุนุทุงุก

394
00:31:14,630 --> 00:31:19,770
ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ูŠูˆุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุนุทู‰ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ู„ู„ูƒูŠุชูˆู†ุงุชุŒ ูˆู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุด

395
00:31:19,770 --> 00:31:23,450
ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูƒูŠุชูˆู†ุงุชุŒ ูˆุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†

445
00:35:11,910 --> 00:35:15,570
ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุงุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ

446
00:35:26,540 --> 00:35:30,980
A 45-year-old woman who was unable to feed, wash

447
00:35:30,980 --> 00:35:34,840
or dress herself because of severe multiple

448
00:35:34,840 --> 00:35:39,020
sclerosis. ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง multiple sclerosis

449
00:35:39,020 --> 00:35:42,420
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชุตู„ ุจุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู

450
00:35:42,420 --> 00:35:46,320
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุดุทู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ

451
00:35:46,320 --> 00:35:54,060
ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€.. ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ nerve signal ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ

452
00:35:54,060 --> 00:35:59,440
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆุตูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ

453
00:35:59,440 --> 00:36:04,040
ููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ complications ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„

454
00:36:04,040 --> 00:36:11,740
ู†ูˆุงุญูŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…: ู…ุงุดูŠุŒ ุฃูƒู„ุŒ ุญุฑูƒุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก. ุทูŠุจุŒ ูˆ

455
00:36:11,740 --> 00:36:14,780
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง 45 ุณู†ุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง multiple

456
00:36:14,780 --> 00:36:20,610
sclerosis ูˆูƒุงู† ููŠ CV multiple sclerosis ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ

457
00:36:20,610 --> 00:36:24,650
ู„ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุฃูƒู„ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชู„ุจุณุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุชุญู…ู…ุŒ ูˆู„ุง

458
00:36:24,650 --> 00:36:29,470
ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุกุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ููŠ nursing

459
00:36:29,470 --> 00:36:32,730
homeุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฏุงุฑ ู„ู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจุงู‡ุชู…ูˆุง

460
00:36:32,730 --> 00:36:39,750
ููŠู‡ุง. About six hours after a visit by relatives, it

461
00:36:39,750 --> 00:36:44,850
was found that she could not be roused. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ

462
00:36:44,850 --> 00:36:48,600
ุฃู‚ุงุฑุจู‡ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ.  ุจุนุฏ ุณุช ุณุงุนุงุช ู…ู†

463
00:36:48,600 --> 00:36:54,640
ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉุŒ ู„ู‚ูˆู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุด ู…ุตุญุตุฉ  ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠู‹ุง ุจุนุฏ

464
00:36:54,640 --> 00:36:58,920
ุณุช

465
00:36:58,920 --> 00:37:04,160
ุณุงุนุงุช.  ุนู†ุฏ ูˆุตูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ on admission to a hospital

466
00:37:04,160 --> 00:37:08,900
she was found to be extremely hypoglycemic. ูˆู‡ุฐุง

467
00:37:08,900 --> 00:37:13,080
ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅูŠุด ููŠ ู†ู‚ุต ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูˆglucose

468
00:37:13,080 --> 00:37:16,870
ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† milligram per deciliter. ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฃู‚ู„

469
00:37:16,870 --> 00:37:20,970
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠ hypoglycemia.

470
00:37:20,970 --> 00:37:23,570
ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฃู‡ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุนุชุจุฑ life threatening conditionุŒ

471
00:37:23,570 --> 00:37:26,950
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุบูŠุจูˆุจุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉ

472
00:37:26,950 --> 00:37:34,070
ุฅุฐุง ู…ุงุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงุฌู„. ุทูŠุจุŒ required

473
00:37:34,070 --> 00:37:36,610
repeated intravenous infusion of glucose.  ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ููŠ

474
00:37:36,610 --> 00:37:41,210
hypoglycemia. ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุณุจุจุŒ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ููŠ

475
00:37:41,210 --> 00:37:42,590
ุงู„ู€ patient ููŠ hypoglycemiaุŒ

476
00:37:45,510 --> 00:37:50,330
ูŠู†ุนุทู‰  glucose. over the next 12 to 24 hours.

477
00:37:50,330 --> 00:37:55,170
A sample of blood taken on admission was stored

478
00:37:55,170 --> 00:37:58,250
and subsequently analyzed for insulin and C

479
00:37:58,250 --> 00:38:02,770
-peptide. ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆูŠุญุณู‘ุจูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู€

480
00:38:02,770 --> 00:38:07,150
result. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ุงุญู‚ู‹ุง ูŠุดูƒูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡

481
00:38:07,150 --> 00:38:10,670
ููŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ

482
00:38:10,670 --> 00:38:15,720
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูุญุตูˆู‡ุง. ุชู…ุงู…. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุงุŒ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง

483
00:38:15,720 --> 00:38:17,680
ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆุนู…ู„ูˆุง C-peptide. Result were

484
00:38:17,680 --> 00:38:22,440
inappropriately raised. ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ

485
00:38:22,440 --> 00:38:28,660
ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ C-peptide. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุฃู†

486
00:38:28,660 --> 00:38:33,240
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง hypoglycemia. ุชู…ุงู…. ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†

487
00:38:33,240 --> 00:38:39,110
ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ hypoglycemia. ูˆู‡ุฐุง

488
00:38:39,110 --> 00:38:44,850
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุถ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง

489
00:38:44,850 --> 00:38:49,910
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง insulin. ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…

490
00:38:49,910 --> 00:38:52,870
hypoglycemia. ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุฎุฐ ุฌุฑุนุฉ

491
00:38:52,870 --> 00:38:58,870
ุฒุงุฆุฏุฉุŒ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ูˆู…ุง ุฃูƒู„ุดุŒ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ูˆู…ุง ุฃูƒู„ุด ุงู„ูุทูˆุฑ

492
00:38:58,870 --> 00:39:01,610
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุงูƒู„ู‡ุŒ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

493
00:39:01,610 --> 00:39:05,590
carbohydrates. ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ูˆุจุฏุฃ ุจู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ

494
00:39:05,590 --> 00:39:10,790
ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ

495
00:39:10,790 --> 00:39:14,110
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฐู„ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

496
00:39:14,110 --> 00:39:20,190
hypoglycemia. ุทูŠุจุŒ over the next few days repeated

497
00:39:20,190 --> 00:39:24,650
overnight fasts failed to induce further

498
00:39:24,650 --> 00:39:26,090
hypoglycemia.

499
00:39:27,790 --> 00:39:32,890
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€

500
00:39:32,890 --> 00:39:35,810
insulin ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ C-peptide. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€

501
00:39:35,810 --> 00:39:41,330
insulin ุฅูŠุด ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท. ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ููŠ C-peptide.

502
00:39:41,330 --> 00:39:46,730
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ insulin ุฅูŠุด ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุงุฎุฏุด insulinุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

503
00:39:46,730 --> 00:39:51,380
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุดูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ InsulinomaุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ููŠ

504
00:39:51,380 --> 00:39:53,700
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† cancer ููŠ ุงู„ู€ beta cells ูˆููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ

505
00:39:53,700 --> 00:39:59,300
ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†. ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุดูˆููˆุง

506
00:39:59,300 --> 00:40:05,420
ุฃู†ู‡ ูุนู„ุง ุฃู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ insulin ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู€ insulin

507
00:40:05,420 --> 00:40:10,140
load. ู…ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง overnight fastุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู† ูŠุญุตู„

508
00:40:10,140 --> 00:40:14,320
ููŠู‡ hypoglycemia ู„ูˆ ูุนู„ุง ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ insulin load.

509
00:40:14,320 --> 00:40:20,180
EventuallyุŒ after a prolonged fastุŒ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ

510
00:40:20,180 --> 00:40:27,360
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู†ุฎูุถ ุฅู„ู‰ 45. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู†ุฒู„

511
00:40:27,360 --> 00:40:33,520
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู„ู€ 45. ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆC-Peptide ูƒุงู†ูˆุง

512
00:40:33,520 --> 00:40:39,860
ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ

513
00:40:39,860 --> 00:40:47,400
ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰. ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ

514
00:40:51,830 --> 00:40:54,530
ู‡ูŠุจูˆุบู„ุงูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุงุŒ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ C

515
00:40:54,530 --> 00:40:59,190
-peptideุŒ ูŠุฏู„ ูƒู„ู‘ู‡ู…  ูŠูุดูŠุฑูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ

516
00:40:59,190 --> 00:41:04,630
ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†. ุจูŠุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ูƒูŠู„ูˆู† ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†. ุทูŠุจุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ

517
00:41:04,630 --> 00:41:07,530
ุฏู„ูŠู„ ู‚ูˆูŠ ูŠุฏูุนู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ู…ู†

518
00:41:07,530 --> 00:41:10,910
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆุบู„ุงูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุงุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŒ ุฅู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู…ุน

519
00:41:10,910 --> 00:41:15,050
ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ูˆู…ุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆุบู„ุงูŠุณูŠู…ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ

520
00:41:15,050 --> 00:41:21,290
ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ุจุนุฏ ุซู„ุงุซ ุตูŠุงู… ุนุงู…ุฉ. ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุตูˆู… overnight

521
00:41:21,290 --> 00:41:24,550
ุตูŠุงู… ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃูŠุงู… ุฅู„ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… hypoglycemia

522
00:41:24,550 --> 00:41:28,990
ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ. ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉุŒ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ overnight ุตูŠุงู…

523
00:41:28,990 --> 00:41:32,590
ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃูŠุงู… ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ hypoglycemia. ูˆุจุงู„ูŠูˆู…

524
00:41:32,590 --> 00:41:39,750
ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ูˆู†ุฒู„ ู„ู€ 45. Even prolonged

525
00:41:39,750 --> 00:41:43,550
fast failed to induce true hypoglycemia and at

526
00:41:43,550 --> 00:41:47,510
that time insulin level was appropriately low. ู„ู…

527
00:41:47,510 --> 00:41:51,210
ูŠูƒู†ุด ููŠู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุน. Review of her history revealed no

528
00:41:51,210 --> 00:41:56,490
suggestion of previous hypoglycemic episodes. ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

529
00:41:56,490 --> 00:42:01,410
ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุง ุธู‡ุฑุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง hypoglycemia ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง.

530
00:42:01,410 --> 00:42:04,790
Clinical staff were accordingly forced to

531
00:42:04,790 --> 00:42:08,630
reconsider the initial diagnosis. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡

532
00:42:08,630 --> 00:42:13,630
ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุงุŒ ุฑุฌุนูˆุง ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ

533
00:42:13,630 --> 00:42:14,710
ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Insulinoma.

534
00:42:23,340 --> 00:42:28,380
ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญุชูุธูˆุง ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุฑุฌุนูˆุง ุจุนุซูˆุง ูŠุญู„ู„ูˆู‡ุงุŒ and was

535
00:42:28,380 --> 00:42:30,660
found to contain high concentrations of the oral

536
00:42:30,660 --> 00:42:37,340
hypoglycemic drugs chlorpropamide ูˆ glibenclamide.

537
00:42:37,340 --> 00:42:43,720
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ drugs ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† sulfonylurea.

538
00:42:45,250 --> 00:42:50,670
ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ

539
00:42:50,670 --> 00:42:54,850
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ  ู…ูุฑูˆุถุŸ ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ patient ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡

540
00:42:54,850 --> 00:42:58,230
hypoglycemiaุŒ ูŠุนุทูˆู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Sulfonylurea ุนุดุงู†

541
00:42:58,230 --> 00:43:01,850
ูŠุฒูŠุฏูˆุง ูู‚ุท ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ

542
00:43:01,850 --> 00:43:06,390
ุนู†ุฏู‡. ุทูŠุจุŒ these drugs Sulfonylurea which act by

543
00:43:06,390 --> 00:43:08,890
enhancing pancreatic insulin secretion in response

544
00:43:08,890 --> 00:43:16,640
to glucose.  ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู† have long half-livesุŒ ุงู„ู€

545
00:43:16,640 --> 00:43:21,000
half-life ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉุŒ making

546
00:43:21,000 --> 00:43:25,440
hypoglycemia an occasional problem even when used

547
00:43:25,440 --> 00:43:28,580
therapeutically in patients with diabetes.

548
00:43:33,600 --> 00:43:36,000
ุทูŠุจุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉุŸ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†

549
00:43:36,000 --> 00:43:39,160
ุชุญุตู„ ุฃูˆ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ุง ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ

550
00:43:39,160 --> 00:43:43,120
ุชุฃูƒู„ุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุดุฑุจุŒ ูˆู„ุง ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ ุดูŠุก. ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฐู‡

551
00:43:43,120 --> 00:43:49,020
ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุงู„ู…ู…ุฑุถูŠู† ู…ุง ุฃุนุทูˆู‡ุงุดุŸ ูƒูŠู ูˆุตู„ุช ูˆุฏุฎู„ุช

552
00:43:49,020 --> 00:43:57,920
ุฌุณู…ู‡ุงุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ู‚ุชู„. ุทูŠุจุŒ it was

553
00:43:57,920 --> 00:44:00,860
likely that a relative distressed by her

554
00:44:00,860 --> 00:44:05,900
condition. ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒุงุฑูˆู‡ุงุŒ ุญุฒู†ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ

555
00:44:05,900 --> 00:44:14,060
ุดููˆู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉุŒ ููˆุงุถุญ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู†ู‡ูŠ

556
00:44:14,060 --> 00:44:18,700
ุญูŠุงุชู‡ุง. ุทูŠุจุŒ the police were informed that it was felt

557
00:44:18,700 --> 00:44:22,040
that there was insufficient evidence to proceed.

558
00:44:22,040 --> 00:44:27,400
ุงู„ุดุฑุทุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ู„ุนุฏู… ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฏู„ุฉ.

559
00:44:27,400 --> 00:44:31,720
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุญูƒูˆุง. ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุฃู„ู ุนุงููŠุฉ.