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1
00:00:02,160 --> 00:00:06,640
Ten year old male presented to the emergency

2
00:00:06,640 --> 00:00:12,740
department with recent history of polydipsia ูŠุจู‚ู‰

3
00:00:12,740 --> 00:00:19,500
ุทูู„ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุนุดุฑ ุณู†ูŠู† ูˆุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุจุงู„ ููŠ

4
00:00:19,500 --> 00:00:28,200
ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุทุด fast polydipsiaุจูˆู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง

5
00:00:28,200 --> 00:00:36,820
ูˆููŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ frequent urination ูˆ vomiting on

6
00:00:36,820 --> 00:00:41,920
admission blood specimens were collected for

7
00:00:41,920 --> 00:00:44,480
routine chemistries and gases with the following

8
00:00:44,480 --> 00:00:52,020
results ุจูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ ุนูŠู†ุง ูˆูุญุตูˆุง ุงู„ electrolytes ููŠ

9
00:00:52,020 --> 00:00:55,730
ุงู„ุณูˆุฏูˆ ูˆ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ูˆ ุงู„chlorideุงู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง

10
00:00:55,730 --> 00:00:59,870
ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ู…ุตูŠุฑุชู‡ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู…

11
00:00:59,870 --> 00:01:05,810
ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑุงูŠุฏ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ุงู„ total CO2

12
00:01:05,810 --> 00:01:15,350
ู…ู†ุฎูุถ 14 ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆููŠ

13
00:01:15,350 --> 00:01:21,390
ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู† ูƒู†ุง ู…ุฑุชูุนูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุฑุชูุน ุจุดูƒู„

14
00:01:21,390 --> 00:01:28,780
ูƒุจูŠุฑ1063 milligram per deciliter ูˆ ุงู„ pH ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

15
00:01:28,780 --> 00:01:33,220
ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ pH ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 7.18 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

16
00:01:33,220 --> 00:01:40,400
acidosis ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุงู„ ู…ู†

17
00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:44,240
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ presentation ู„ุฃ ุงู„ case ุทูู„ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุนุดุฑ

18
00:01:44,240 --> 00:01:51,850
ุณู†ูŠู† ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู…ุฑุชูุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pH

19
00:01:51,850 --> 00:01:56,330
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูุถุฉ ุทุจุนุงุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Acidosis ูˆุงู„ู€ CO2 ุทุจุนุง ู…ู†

20
00:01:56,330 --> 00:02:01,550
ุงู„ุฎูุถุฉ ููŠุนู†ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุทูู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ

21
00:02:01,550 --> 00:02:04,590
ุจุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Type I Diabetes

22
00:02:04,590 --> 00:02:08,670
Mellitus ูˆุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ complications ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

23
00:02:08,670 --> 00:02:16,260
ุงู„ acute ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู€ Type I ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุงุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

24
00:02:16,260 --> 00:02:22,220
ketoacidosis ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ketoacidosis ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุจูŠู† ุงู†

25
00:02:22,220 --> 00:02:26,780
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ุจุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ ketoacidosis

26
00:02:26,780 --> 00:02:31,860
ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุจุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ ketoacidosis ุฏู‡ several

27
00:02:31,860 --> 00:02:35,260
metabolic arrangements ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

28
00:02:35,260 --> 00:02:37,660
ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ metabolism

29
00:02:37,660 --> 00:02:44,140
ู„ู„ูƒุฑุจูˆุนูŠุฏุฑุงุช ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุฒ ู„ุงู„ู€ lipidsุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€

30
00:02:44,140 --> 00:02:49,260
CarbohydratesุŒ ุนู„ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ

31
00:02:49,260 --> 00:02:54,260
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ูŠุฏูุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูˆุฅูŠุฌู„ุงูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู†

32
00:02:54,260 --> 00:03:00,180
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุงุชูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ

33
00:03:00,180 --> 00:03:03,480
ุงู„ู€Diabetic KetoacidosisุŒ ุงู†ุณูุดู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ูŠุณุจุจ ููŠ

34
00:03:03,480 --> 00:03:06,930
ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุดุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฌู„ุงูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู†ุงู„ู„ูŠ

35
00:03:06,930 --> 00:03:11,830
ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹ ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฅุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุฏุฎู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„

36
00:03:11,830 --> 00:03:15,410
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุฑุชูุน ุจุดูƒู„

37
00:03:15,410 --> 00:03:21,650
ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ 1260 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€

38
00:03:21,650 --> 00:03:26,090
hyperglycemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€

39
00:03:26,090 --> 00:03:32,430
limitู…ุชุงุจูˆู„ูŠุฒู… ุงู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠูุชุญ ู„ูŠุจูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุณูŠุง ุฅุฐุง

40
00:03:32,430 --> 00:03:36,850
ุงู„ุงู†ุณู„ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุตู†ูŠุน

41
00:03:36,850 --> 00:03:41,670
ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ูˆ induction ู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ DKA

42
00:03:41,670 --> 00:03:45,530
insufficient insulin leads to lipolysis with the

43
00:03:45,530 --> 00:03:50,710
production of glycerol and fatty acids ู„ุฃู† ู…ุง ุฒุงู„

44
00:03:50,710 --> 00:03:56,050
ุงู„ุงู†ุณู„ูŠู† ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุชู…ุงู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุฑู„ูŠุฒ ู„

45
00:03:57,680 --> 00:04:01,440
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

46
00:04:01,440 --> 00:04:04,880
glucogenolysis ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆ ู†ูŠูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุณูŠุณ ุชู…ุงู… ู„ุฃู†

47
00:04:04,880 --> 00:04:08,380
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆ ู†ูŠูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุณูŠุณ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน

48
00:04:08,380 --> 00:04:11,660
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ from non-carbohydrate sources ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

49
00:04:11,660 --> 00:04:15,700
ุงู„ู„ูŠุจุช ูˆุงูŠุถุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุฒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ

50
00:04:15,700 --> 00:04:21,600
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ูŠุจูˆู„ูŠุฒูŠุฒ ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ุฌู„ูŠุณุฑูˆู„

51
00:04:21,600 --> 00:04:26,160
ูˆูุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุฏูˆุงู„ู€ Fatty acids are further metabolized

52
00:04:26,160 --> 00:04:30,420
for energy ู‡ุจุต ููŠู†ุง Oxidation ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ Fatty acids

53
00:04:30,420 --> 00:04:35,840
ูˆุจูŠู†ุชุฌู‡ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Ketones ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู€ Beta

54
00:04:35,840 --> 00:04:39,560
-hydroxybutyrate ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Acetostate ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง

55
00:04:39,560 --> 00:04:46,260
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€ Acetone ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ Ketoneุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€

56
00:04:46,260 --> 00:04:49,440
Ketones ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌูˆุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ Deranged

57
00:04:49,440 --> 00:04:53,800
Protein Metabolism ุจุฑุถู‡ Insufficient Insulin Leads

58
00:04:53,800 --> 00:04:56,580
to Proteolysis ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ุฃู† ููŠู‡ Gluconeogenesis

59
00:04:56,580 --> 00:05:00,920
ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Breakdown ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุฒ ุนุดุงู†

60
00:05:00,920 --> 00:05:07,140
ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ Amino Acids ููŠ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุงู‚ุฉ

61
00:05:07,140 --> 00:05:10,500
ูˆูŠุจู‚ู‰

62
00:05:10,500 --> 00:05:12,920
Leads to Proteolysis ุงู„ู€ Negative Nitrogen Balance

63
00:05:13,770 --> 00:05:17,570
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ Negative Nitrogen Balance ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

64
00:05:17,570 --> 00:05:24,630
ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Nitrogen ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ูŠุชุทุงู„ุน ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ

65
00:05:24,630 --> 00:05:27,850
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง Negative Nitrogen Balance ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ

66
00:05:27,850 --> 00:05:33,710
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ุน ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุทูŠุจ

67
00:05:33,710 --> 00:05:37,050
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง Electrolyte Imbalances

68
00:05:37,050 --> 00:05:40,790
Hyperglycemia may lead to osmotic dialysis and

69
00:05:40,790 --> 00:05:47,130
urinary sodium lossู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฃุฒู…ูˆุชูŠูƒูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ

70
00:05:47,130 --> 00:05:55,170
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒุŒ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡ุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€

71
00:05:55,170 --> 00:06:00,610
Sodium ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ุŒ ูŠุจุฏุฃ

72
00:06:00,610 --> 00:06:04,390
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŒ ูŠุฑุชูุนุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

73
00:06:04,390 --> 00:06:10,970
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑู„ู„ู€ Glucose ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†

74
00:06:10,970 --> 00:06:15,270
ุงู„ู€ threshold ู„ู€ Glucose Reabsorption ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุฏู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

75
00:06:15,270 --> 00:06:20,210
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 180 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 1260 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎุฑูˆุฌ

76
00:06:20,210 --> 00:06:26,230
ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ glucose ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ urine ูˆู…ุงุฒุงู„

77
00:06:26,230 --> 00:06:29,370
osmotically active ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุนุงู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃูŠุด ูƒู…ูŠุงุช

78
00:06:29,370 --> 00:06:32,410
ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„ ูƒุงู† ููŠ

79
00:06:32,410 --> 00:06:36,930
polyuria ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ urination ุจุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑูˆ

80
00:06:36,930 --> 00:06:41,230
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุงุก ุงู„ polydipsy ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ูˆุซุงุณุฉ

81
00:06:41,230 --> 00:06:47,370
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูู‚ุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†

82
00:06:47,370 --> 00:06:52,110
ุงู„ูˆุงุก ุงู„ osmolality ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅุญุณุงุณ

83
00:06:52,110 --> 00:06:59,470
ููŠ ุงู„ุนุทุด ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„ุฏู‡ Sodium Depletion ู„ุงู† ุงุฐุง

84
00:06:59,470 --> 00:07:02,530
ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ Sodium Loss Sodium

85
00:07:02,530 --> 00:07:06,410
Depletion father worsened by vomiting ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„

86
00:07:06,410 --> 00:07:09,450
vomiting ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒุงุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

87
00:07:09,450 --> 00:07:14,810
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูู‚ุฏุงู† Sodium ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„However,

88
00:07:14,930 --> 00:07:20,010
hypermetribia is a common finding in DTA ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†

89
00:07:20,010 --> 00:07:25,010
ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†

90
00:07:25,010 --> 00:07:30,190
ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ู…ุฑุชูุนุŒ common finding when dehydration

91
00:07:30,190 --> 00:07:37,770
predominates over sodium lossู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูู‚ุฏ

92
00:07:37,770 --> 00:07:42,370
ู„ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูู‚ุฏ ู„ู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ู„ูƒู†

93
00:07:42,370 --> 00:07:49,570
ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ

94
00:07:49,570 --> 00:07:55,170
ุงู„ุณูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฏุงูŠุจุฉ ููŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ

95
00:07:55,170 --> 00:07:59,630
ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ concentration ุจุชุฑุชูุน ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

96
00:07:59,630 --> 00:08:04,990
ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ relativeIncrease ูŠุนู†ูŠ

97
00:08:04,990 --> 00:08:07,950
ุฒูŠ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ Sodium ูƒู…ูŠุฉ Sodium ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„

98
00:08:07,950 --> 00:08:16,190
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุฌุฑุงู… ุฏุงูŠุจุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ู„ุชุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰

99
00:08:16,190 --> 00:08:22,110
point ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุฌุฑุงู… ุฏุงูŠุจ ููŠ ู†ุต ู„ุชุฑูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃู† ุฏูŠ

100
00:08:22,110 --> 00:08:25,250
ูู‚ุฏ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูู‚ุฏ ู„ู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ู„ูƒู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ

101
00:08:25,250 --> 00:08:30,090
ุจุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฃูˆ

102
00:08:30,090 --> 00:08:32,910
ุจูŠุฃุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ sodium

103
00:08:32,910 --> 00:08:36,230
concentration ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ

104
00:08:36,230 --> 00:08:39,990
vomiting ู ุงู„ vomiting ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ูู‚ุฏ ู„ุฃ

105
00:08:39,990 --> 00:08:43,370
ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ู„ุฃู† ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†

106
00:08:43,370 --> 00:08:47,590
ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุฃุณูŠุฏูˆุฒูŠุงุช ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€DKA ุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ

107
00:08:47,590 --> 00:08:52,350
ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ุณู„ูˆูƒูŠ ูŠุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ

108
00:08:52,350 --> 00:08:58,230
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุฑูƒุงู„ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ุงู† ู…ู† ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒุงุช ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ

109
00:08:58,230 --> 00:09:06,070
ู„ู„ุฃุณูŠุฏูˆุฒูŠุงุช ุฃู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ู„ู…ุง

110
00:09:06,070 --> 00:09:11,370
ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุณูŠุฏูˆุฒูŠุงุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ู„ู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูŠู†

111
00:09:11,370 --> 00:09:17,730
ุฃูŠูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€red blood cellsุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

112
00:09:17,730 --> 00:09:21,930
hydrogen ions ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุนุฏู„

113
00:09:21,930 --> 00:09:25,710
ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ pH ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ hydrogen

114
00:09:25,710 --> 00:09:30,090
ions ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู€ red blood cellsุทุจุนุง ูƒู…ุง

115
00:09:30,090 --> 00:09:33,530
ุชุนุฑููˆู† ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู€ Electric Neutrality ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง

116
00:09:33,530 --> 00:09:37,030
ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ Ions ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ

117
00:09:37,030 --> 00:09:39,950
ุงู„ Ions ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจุฉุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Hydrogen

118
00:09:39,950 --> 00:09:43,070
Ions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุทู„ุน

119
00:09:43,070 --> 00:09:46,830
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Positive IonุŒ ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุนุŸ ุงู„ู€

120
00:09:46,830 --> 00:09:52,110
Potassium ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุนุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸูŠุฏุฎู„ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุขูŠูˆู†

121
00:09:52,110 --> 00:09:55,390
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู† ุขูŠูˆู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุณู†

122
00:09:55,390 --> 00:10:00,310
ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุงุช ูˆุจุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… however

123
00:10:00,310 --> 00:10:03,830
because potassium is also lost renally and extra

124
00:10:03,830 --> 00:10:08,370
renally total body potassium is often depleted ู„ุฃู†

125
00:10:08,370 --> 00:10:12,010
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูƒุงู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุทุจูŠุนูŠ

126
00:10:12,010 --> 00:10:17,590
ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… 75.2ุทุจุนุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡

127
00:10:17,590 --> 00:10:20,410
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง hyperkalemia ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

128
00:10:20,410 --> 00:10:25,730
loss ู„ู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ kidney ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู†

129
00:10:25,730 --> 00:10:30,310
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ vomiting ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงูƒุงู†ุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน

130
00:10:30,310 --> 00:10:32,030
ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู…ุŒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุงู„ concentration

131
00:10:32,030 --> 00:10:38,000
ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุงู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช

132
00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:41,900
ุฃู† ุงู„ุดูƒุฑ ู…ุฑุชูุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู‡

133
00:10:41,900 --> 00:10:47,080
ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุนุทูˆู‡ insulin ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุฎูุถูˆุง

134
00:10:47,080 --> 00:10:51,560
ู…ู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ insulin therapy

135
00:10:51,560 --> 00:11:01,400
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ hypokalemiaู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†

136
00:11:01,400 --> 00:11:04,840
ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง

137
00:11:09,780 --> 00:11:13,240
ุงู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Potassium ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€

138
00:11:13,240 --> 00:11:17,140
ATP ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Sodium Potassium Bump Activity

139
00:11:17,140 --> 00:11:20,600
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ Potassium ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„

140
00:11:20,600 --> 00:11:24,660
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠูุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุจูŠุดูŠุฑ

141
00:11:24,660 --> 00:11:28,660
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ

142
00:11:28,660 --> 00:11:30,760
ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏูˆุซ Hypo-Kelling

143
00:11:32,850 --> 00:11:36,170
ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ููˆุณูุงุช ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุดูƒู„

144
00:11:36,170 --> 00:11:42,350
ุฅู†ุชุฑุงู„ูŠูˆู†ูŠ ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†

145
00:11:42,350 --> 00:11:46,010
ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ูˆู‡ูŠุจูˆูุณููˆุชูŠู…ูŠุง

146
00:11:46,010 --> 00:11:49,990
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ

147
00:11:49,990 --> 00:11:56,200
ู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ูŠุชุฒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช

148
00:11:56,200 --> 00:11:59,680
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ acid-base balance ุฒูŠ

149
00:11:59,680 --> 00:12:04,120
ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

150
00:12:04,120 --> 00:12:07,840
ุงู„ู€ Acidosis production of ketoacids in BKA causes

151
00:12:07,840 --> 00:12:13,760
high anion gap metabolic acidosis with beta

152
00:12:13,760 --> 00:12:17,480
hydroxybutyrate more abundant than acetoacetate

153
00:12:18,920 --> 00:12:22,380
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ .. ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ูŠุจูˆู„ูŠุฒูŠุฒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

154
00:12:22,380 --> 00:12:25,880
ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ oxidation ู„ูุชูŠ ุฃุณุฏ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ

155
00:12:25,880 --> 00:12:31,960
ู„ูƒูŠุชูˆู† ุฃุณุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูƒูŠุชูˆู† ุฃุณุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

156
00:12:31,960 --> 00:12:38,260
ุฃูˆ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุงู„ู€ pH ูˆุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ hydrogen

157
00:12:38,260 --> 00:12:46,680
ions ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ causes high anion gapุญู†ุญูƒูŠ

158
00:12:46,680 --> 00:12:49,520
ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Anions ุฌุงุจ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Electrolytes ู„ุฃู†

159
00:12:49,520 --> 00:12:54,800
ุงู„ู€ Anions ุฌุงุจ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Unmeasured

160
00:12:54,800 --> 00:12:59,560
anions ู…ุทุฑูˆุญ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Unmeasured ูƒุชุงุฆุฒ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ

161
00:12:59,560 --> 00:13:04,780
ุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง reference interval ู…ุนูŠู† ุฅุจุฏุงุนุง

162
00:13:04,780 --> 00:13:09,080
ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Anions ุฌุงุจ ู„ุฃู† ุตุงุฑ ููŠู†ุง

163
00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:15,870
ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Anions ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€

164
00:13:15,870 --> 00:13:19,650
Lactic Acid ุจุฑุถู‡ production ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุฒูŠุฏ

165
00:13:19,650 --> 00:13:25,750
ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ูˆุฑููˆุฑ ุณูŠุฑูƒู„ูŠุดู† and ุดูˆูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†

166
00:13:25,750 --> 00:13:30,230
ุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ metabolic acidูˆู„ูŠ changes in urea ูˆ

167
00:13:30,230 --> 00:13:33,170
ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุชุงู„ูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู† ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠุฑุฉ

168
00:13:33,170 --> 00:13:37,490
ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุชุงู„ูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุงุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ

169
00:13:37,490 --> 00:13:41,830
dehydration ููŠ ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰

170
00:13:41,830 --> 00:13:47,910
ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ blood volume ู‚ู„ู‚ ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ

171
00:13:47,910 --> 00:13:54,150
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Prerenal Azotemia ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†

172
00:13:54,820 --> 00:13:59,400
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู„ูŠุงุก ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุฃุณุจุงุจ ููŠู‡ุง

173
00:13:59,400 --> 00:14:01,460
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pre-renal ูˆ ุงู„ุฑูŠู†ุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ post-renal

174
00:14:01,460 --> 00:14:06,700
ุทุจุนุง ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ blood volume ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง

175
00:14:06,700 --> 00:14:10,060
ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุถุงูุฉ

176
00:14:10,060 --> 00:14:15,940
ู‚ุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจู€ pre-renal ุฃุฒูˆุชูŠู…ูŠุง

177
00:14:17,320 --> 00:14:20,100
ุงู„ู€ Extremely High Plasma Concentrations of

178
00:14:20,100 --> 00:14:23,180
Ketones May Cause Positive Interference In Some

179
00:14:23,180 --> 00:14:27,420
Laboratory Methods For Measuring Creatinine ูƒู…ุงู†

180
00:14:27,420 --> 00:14:31,560
ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Ketones ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ

181
00:14:31,560 --> 00:14:39,480
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ interferenceููŠู‡ ุงู„ูˆุงู„ุฌุงููŠ method ู„ูุญุต

182
00:14:39,480 --> 00:14:43,000
ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู†ุฉ ุงุฐุง ู…ุง ุชุนุฑููŠู† ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†

183
00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:46,620
interference ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูุญุตุงุช ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุดูŠ ุฒูŠ

184
00:14:46,620 --> 00:14:51,160
hemolysis ู…ุซู„ุง ุฒูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠุจูŠู„ูŠุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠุจูŠุฏุฒ ู…ู…ูƒู†

185
00:14:51,160 --> 00:14:54,920
ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูุญุตุงุช ุงู‡ ุจุฌู‡ุงู† ุจุงู„ูŠุฑูˆุจูŠู„ ุจุฌู‡ุงู† ููŠ

186
00:14:54,920 --> 00:14:58,980
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ ketone bubbles ูˆ ุงู„ glucose

187
00:14:58,980 --> 00:15:05,430
ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฌูˆุฑ ูŠูˆุถุญ ุฃู†

188
00:15:05,430 --> 00:15:08,950
ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ

189
00:15:08,950 --> 00:15:12,910
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€

190
00:15:12,910 --> 00:15:16,510
Endocrine ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Type 1

191
00:15:16,510 --> 00:15:20,930
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Absolute Deficiency ูˆุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง

192
00:15:20,930 --> 00:15:23,850
ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ counter regulatory hormones

193
00:15:23,850 --> 00:15:28,490
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู€

194
00:15:28,490 --> 00:15:32,530
hyperglycemic hormones ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ glucagon ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆุงุก

195
00:15:32,530 --> 00:15:35,390
ุงู„ู€ hormones ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ metabolic

196
00:15:35,390 --> 00:15:38,230
abnormalities ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ carbohydrates ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

197
00:15:38,230 --> 00:15:40,850
ููŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ glucogenolysis ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง

198
00:15:40,850 --> 00:15:45,450
ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ gluconeogenesis ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ

199
00:15:45,450 --> 00:15:50,530
ุงู„ู€ glucose uptake ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ

200
00:15:50,530 --> 00:15:53,210
ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ hyperglycemia

201
00:15:54,700 --> 00:15:59,060
ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

202
00:15:59,060 --> 00:16:03,140
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„

203
00:16:03,140 --> 00:16:08,420
plasma amino acid ุนู†ุง ุงู„ูุงุช ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ lipolysis ูˆ

204
00:16:08,420 --> 00:16:11,480
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ ketogenesis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ production of

205
00:16:11,480 --> 00:16:16,880
ketoneูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆูู‘ูŠู‡

206
00:16:16,880 --> 00:16:20,520
fatty acids ูˆุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ ketone bodies

207
00:16:20,520 --> 00:16:23,860
ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง

208
00:16:23,860 --> 00:16:27,480
hyperglycemia ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ

209
00:16:27,480 --> 00:16:31,120
osmolality ู„ุฃู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ glucose

210
00:16:31,120 --> 00:16:34,300
osmetically active ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

211
00:16:34,300 --> 00:16:40,900
ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ osmolalityุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ Amino Acids ูˆุจุชุฒูŠุฏ

212
00:16:40,900 --> 00:16:45,160
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฅู† ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Amino Acids ุฒุงุฏุช ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

213
00:16:45,160 --> 00:16:49,540
ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุชุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุณุจุจ ุขุฎุฑ ู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง

214
00:16:49,540 --> 00:16:54,160
ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ dehydrationุฅู†ู‡ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ prelineal

215
00:16:54,160 --> 00:16:57,260
azotemia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู†ุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุฃู…ุงู†ูˆ ุฃุณุณ

216
00:16:57,260 --> 00:17:00,020
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู†ูˆ ุฃุณุณ

217
00:17:00,020 --> 00:17:04,420
ู…ุงุชุชุฎุฒู†ุด ุฅุฐุง ููŠู†ุง surplus ุจูŠุตู„ู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด break down ูˆ

218
00:17:04,420 --> 00:17:07,980
ุงู„ break down ู„ู„ุฃู…ุงู†ูˆ ุฃุณุณ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ุŸ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡

219
00:17:07,980 --> 00:17:12,400
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ููŠู‡ ูุงุชู‚

220
00:17:12,400 --> 00:17:16,940
ุฃุณุณ ูˆุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ ketone bodies ุทูŠุจ ุงู„

221
00:17:16,940 --> 00:17:21,500
physiological consequencesุงู„ู€ Hyperglycemia ุณุชุนู…ู„

222
00:17:21,500 --> 00:17:27,600
ู„ู€ Glucosuria ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚

223
00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:32,360
ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠู† ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ Osmotic Diarsis ุณู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†

224
00:17:32,360 --> 00:17:35,420
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฃุณู…ู‡ Osmotically Active ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ

225
00:17:35,420 --> 00:17:38,740
ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุณูŠุณุญุจ ู…ุนุงู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช

226
00:17:38,740 --> 00:17:44,340
ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠู† ุฃูŠุถุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุณูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰

227
00:17:44,340 --> 00:17:48,840
ูู‚ุฏ ูˆุณูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ู†ุง Unbalance ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตุจุญ ูู‚ุฏ ู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู„ุงูŠุช

228
00:17:50,670 --> 00:17:55,370
ูˆุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุณูŠุตุจุญ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ hypovolemia ุงู†ู‚ูุงุถ ููŠ blood

229
00:17:55,370 --> 00:17:59,950
volume ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆ dehydration ุงู„ plasma

230
00:17:59,950 --> 00:18:04,510
osmolality ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุตุงุฑุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุชุนุฑููŠู† ุงู„

231
00:18:04,510 --> 00:18:09,010
hypothalamus ู…ุณุชุฌูŠู„ ู„ู„ osmolality ุงู„ู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ุฃู†

232
00:18:09,010 --> 00:18:13,820
ู„ู…ุง ุจุฒูŠุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ osmolality ุงู„ hypothalamusุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ

233
00:18:13,820 --> 00:18:18,080
ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ู€ antihydrated

234
00:18:18,080 --> 00:18:23,060
hormone ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตุจุญ ุนู†ุฏู‡ more absorption ู„ู„ู…ูŠู‘ู‡

235
00:18:23,060 --> 00:18:29,180
ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุฅุญุณุงุณ ุจุงู„ุนุทุด ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

236
00:18:29,180 --> 00:18:35,600
thirst ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠูˆุฑูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ

237
00:18:35,600 --> 00:18:49,100
ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู€hypovolemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู„

238
00:18:49,100 --> 00:18:54,340
ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Glomerular Filtration Rate ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุนุฑููˆู† ูƒู„ู…ุง

239
00:18:54,340 --> 00:18:59,120
ู‚ู„ุช Glomerular Filtration Rate ูƒู„ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู…ุง ุงู„ู€

240
00:18:59,120 --> 00:19:02,580
Substances ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ filtration ู‚ู„ุช

241
00:19:02,580 --> 00:19:08,870
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุฅุฏุงู…ุฅู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Renal

242
00:19:08,870 --> 00:19:12,610
Hydrogen Execration ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ุฅู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Glomeral

243
00:19:12,610 --> 00:19:17,590
Filtration Rate ู‡ุฐุง ู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Hydrogen Ion

244
00:19:17,590 --> 00:19:21,350
Execration ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฑุชูุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€

245
00:19:21,350 --> 00:19:25,930
Hydrogen Ions ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ more

246
00:19:25,930 --> 00:19:30,240
Execration of Hydrogen Ionsุงู„ุฃู† ู…ุน ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุตู„

247
00:19:30,240 --> 00:19:34,020
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Glucose Reception Rate ุจุฌู‡ุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

248
00:19:34,020 --> 00:19:36,340
Execretion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ hydrogen ions ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุณุงุนุฏ

249
00:19:36,340 --> 00:19:44,080
ููŠ ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ู€ Acidoses ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ูƒูŠุชูˆู†ุงุชุงู„ุชูŠ ุงุฑุชูุนุช

250
00:19:44,080 --> 00:19:50,640
ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Ketones ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฃุณุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„

251
00:19:50,640 --> 00:19:53,440
release ุงู„ hydrogen ions ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„

252
00:19:53,440 --> 00:19:58,780
acidoses ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†

253
00:19:58,780 --> 00:20:02,560
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ketoacidoses ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ุฌุฑุจู†ุง ูˆ ุดู…ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู†ูุณ

254
00:20:02,560 --> 00:20:09,370
ุจุชุงุนู‡ู… ุจู†ุฌุฏ ู†ูุณ ูุฑูˆูˆุชูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠู‡ ุฑูŠุญุฉ ุนุทุฑุฉ ุญู„ูˆุฉุงู„ุณุจุจ

255
00:20:09,370 --> 00:20:12,770
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Ketone Body ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Acetone ุงู„ู„ูŠ

256
00:20:12,770 --> 00:20:17,830
ุจูŠุณู…ู„ู‡ Exhalation ุฃูˆ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฒููŠุฑ

257
00:20:17,830 --> 00:20:23,070
ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Ketone Bodies ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

258
00:20:23,070 --> 00:20:27,490
ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ Vomiting ู‡ูˆ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู€ Vomiting ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€

259
00:20:27,490 --> 00:20:31,290
Ketones ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Updated Subresence

260
00:20:31,290 --> 00:20:38,920
ูˆุจูŠุคุฏูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุฒูŠุงูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ vomiting ู‡ูˆ ุณุจุจ

261
00:20:38,920 --> 00:20:45,060
ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูƒูŠูˆุชูˆู† ุจุงุทุณูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Acidoses

262
00:20:45,060 --> 00:20:48,460
ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงู†ุง Acidoses ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„

263
00:20:48,460 --> 00:20:54,140
ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุณุฑูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡

264
00:20:54,140 --> 00:20:56,080
hyperventilation

265
00:20:59,350 --> 00:21:02,610
ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู€ hyperventilation ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€

266
00:21:02,610 --> 00:21:07,710
compensation mechanism ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุณู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„

267
00:21:07,710 --> 00:21:11,370
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ acid imbalance ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠ

268
00:21:11,370 --> 00:21:14,830
ู…ุชุงุจูˆู„ูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏูˆุฒูŠุฒ ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุงู„ compensation mechanism

269
00:21:14,830 --> 00:21:20,630
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุตุงุจุจุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ

270
00:21:20,630 --> 00:21:24,670
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ lungs ูŠุชุฌู‡ ุงู„ lungs ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ compensation

271
00:21:24,670 --> 00:21:31,480
ุจุชุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุนุฏู„ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pH ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ

272
00:21:31,480 --> 00:21:34,920
ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจุญุซุช ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุจุงู„ุตุฏู‚ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู„ุฃ

273
00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:43,580
ุงู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ CO2 ู…ุน ุงู„ H2O ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ H2CO3 ู‡ุฐุง

274
00:21:43,580 --> 00:21:48,540
ุจุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ู„HCO3 ูˆ hydrogen ions ุทูŠุจ

275
00:21:48,540 --> 00:21:53,380
ุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุจุชูุช ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ hydrogen ions ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง

276
00:21:53,380 --> 00:22:04,190
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ H2Oู…ุน ุงู„ู€ CO2 ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง H2CO3 ู‡ุฐูŠ

277
00:22:04,190 --> 00:22:10,870
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„association ู„ู€ HCO3 ูˆ Hydrogen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

278
00:22:10,870 --> 00:22:16,650
Iูƒู…ุจู†ุณูŠุดู† ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู„ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€

279
00:22:16,650 --> 00:22:20,630
hydrogen ions ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ hyperventilation ู…ุงู‡ูˆ

280
00:22:20,630 --> 00:22:24,690
hyperventilationุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ู…ุง

281
00:22:24,690 --> 00:22:28,730
ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู†ุงุŸ more exhalation

282
00:22:28,730 --> 00:22:33,390
of CO2 ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู†ุง ูู‚ุท ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€CO2ุŒ ุฅุฐุง

283
00:22:33,390 --> 00:22:40,020
ู…ุงู‡ูˆ ุญุฏุซ ู„ู€CO2ุŸู‡ูŠู†ุฎูุถ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ูŠู†ุฒู„ ู„ุฃู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู€

284
00:22:40,020 --> 00:22:44,440
CO2 ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡

285
00:22:44,440 --> 00:22:52,020
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ hydrogen ions ุชุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน HCO3ุนุดุงู†

286
00:22:52,020 --> 00:22:55,800
ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง H2CO3 ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ู€CO2

287
00:22:55,800 --> 00:23:00,220
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ุŸ

288
00:23:00,220 --> 00:23:05,160
ุฌุงุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ู€hydrogen ions ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ

289
00:23:05,160 --> 00:23:12,400
ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ูƒุงุณุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุง

290
00:23:12,400 --> 00:23:18,080
a 27 year old man was referred to the local

291
00:23:18,080 --> 00:23:22,630
diabetic clinicูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุจ ุนู…ุฑู‡ 27 ุณู†ุฉ he had been

292
00:23:22,630 --> 00:23:26,590
diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes malatus ูŠุนู†ูŠ

293
00:23:26,590 --> 00:23:31,690
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง

294
00:23:31,690 --> 00:23:34,070
ุชูˆุตู„ูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ type 2 diabetes myelitis three

295
00:23:34,070 --> 00:23:38,010
years previously and his control was poor ูŠุนู†ูŠ

296
00:23:38,010 --> 00:23:42,330
ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู„ุช ุณู†ูŠู† ู„ู‡ ูˆุชุญูƒู…ู‡ ุจุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช

297
00:23:42,330 --> 00:23:46,710
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠ

298
00:23:46,710 --> 00:23:53,450
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ hemoglobin A1C 9.6% despite being on

299
00:23:53,450 --> 00:23:58,050
an optimal dose of metforminุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡

300
00:23:58,050 --> 00:24:03,170
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ medformin ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ

301
00:24:03,170 --> 00:24:09,310
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏูˆุง ู…ุนุงู‡ู… ุจ diet ู…ู…ูƒู† exercise

302
00:24:09,310 --> 00:24:13,570
ุชุฎุฑูŠู ูˆุฒู† ูุชุฑุฉ ู„ุงุฌูˆุง ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุฃ ููŠ ุดูุงูŠุฉ ุฏู‡ ูˆ

303
00:24:13,570 --> 00:24:16,730
ู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ glucose ู…ุฑุชูุน ุจูŠุจุฏูˆุง ู…ุนุงู‡ู… ุจ ุงู„ medformin

304
00:24:16,730 --> 00:24:21,830
ุงูˆ ุงู„ medformin ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุนุฑููŠู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„

305
00:24:21,830 --> 00:24:28,600
release of glucose from the liverุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุฑุถู‰

306
00:24:28,600 --> 00:24:32,200
ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ุฃู†

307
00:24:32,200 --> 00:24:41,580
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€

308
00:24:41,580 --> 00:24:44,300
general practitioner was wondering whether his man

309
00:24:44,300 --> 00:24:49,520
needed to start on insulin ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ poor

310
00:24:49,520 --> 00:24:56,030
control ู„ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูููƒุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุจุฏุฃู„ู‡ ุจุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู†

311
00:24:56,030 --> 00:25:01,690
ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุนุงุฆู„ุงุช ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„

312
00:25:01,690 --> 00:25:04,970
ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…

313
00:25:04,970 --> 00:25:10,210
ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„

314
00:25:10,210 --> 00:25:10,630
ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…

315
00:25:10,630 --> 00:25:10,670
ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„

316
00:25:10,670 --> 00:25:10,670
ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…

317
00:25:10,670 --> 00:25:10,670
ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„

318
00:25:10,670 --> 00:25:13,640
ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุงู„ู€ Body

319
00:25:13,640 --> 00:25:18,460
Mass Index ู…ุด ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด obese ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ 26 ูŠุนู†ูŠ

320
00:25:18,460 --> 00:25:24,700
ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ 24.9 ุชู…ุงู… ูู‡ูˆ 1.26 ูŠุนู†ูŠ

321
00:25:24,700 --> 00:25:31,320
ูุนู„ูŠุง ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆุถุบุทู‡ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ

322
00:25:31,320 --> 00:25:37,060
ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ family ูŠุนู†ูŠ history ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ diabetes ุชู…ุงู…

323
00:25:37,060 --> 00:25:41,580
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุคุดุฑุงุช ุจุชุฏู„ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ diabetes

324
00:25:41,580 --> 00:25:46,400
follitisู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุฎุต In view of the strong

325
00:25:46,400 --> 00:25:49,560
family history of diabetes ุฃูƒุชุฑ that he did not

326
00:25:49,560 --> 00:25:52,140
fit the typical phenotype of type 2 diabetes

327
00:25:52,140 --> 00:25:56,000
mellitus ู„ุฃู†ู‡ relatively youngุŒ not obese nor

328
00:25:56,000 --> 00:25:59,540
motensive possibility of maturity against diabetes

329
00:25:59,540 --> 00:26:04,900
of the young was raised ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ

330
00:26:04,900 --> 00:26:10,360
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฏูŠุจูŠุชู… ุชุดูƒูŠุฒู‡ู…

331
00:26:10,360 --> 00:26:16,300
ุฎุทุฃ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… type 2 diabetes folate ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ

332
00:26:16,300 --> 00:26:19,860
.. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ูŠุนู†ูŠ

333
00:26:19,860 --> 00:26:22,620
ู‡ู‰ ู‡ุฏุง ูƒุงู† ุดุฎุตูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ type 2 diabetes folate

334
00:26:22,620 --> 00:26:26,560
ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุนู„ุงุฌ ู„ูƒู† ูุนู„ูŠุง ููŠู‡ poor control ู„glucose

335
00:26:26,560 --> 00:26:30,460
ูุฏุนู… ุงู„ุชุดูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู… ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุญ ููŠู†ุง better

336
00:26:30,460 --> 00:26:38,020
management ู„ ุงู„ patientุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚

337
00:26:38,020 --> 00:26:42,940
ุงู„ู€ Molecular Analysis Genotyping revealed a

338
00:26:42,940 --> 00:26:50,460
mutation in the HNF1 Alpha-Gene ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ู„ู‡

339
00:26:50,460 --> 00:26:54,500
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ Beta-Cells ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Release of Insulin

340
00:26:54,500 --> 00:26:59,340
ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠูˆุชุงุดูŠูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌูŠู† ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ Decrease

341
00:26:59,340 --> 00:27:05,330
Release of Insulin from Beta-Cellsู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

342
00:27:05,330 --> 00:27:14,750
ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู„ุนุจ ู…ุชููˆุฑู…ูŠู† ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆู‚ูู‹ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ุขู† ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุดูŠุก

343
00:27:14,750 --> 00:27:20,590
ูู‚ุท ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡

344
00:27:20,590 --> 00:27:24,990
ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุชููˆุฑู…ูŠู†ุŒ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงุณุชูŠู…ูŠู„ุงุด ู„ู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏ

345
00:27:24,990 --> 00:27:32,490
ู…ู† ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุญุชุงุฌู‡ุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ

346
00:27:33,140 --> 00:27:37,760
ูŠุจูŠุนุทูˆู‡ ู„ู‡ ุฏูˆุฒ of glucoside ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

347
00:27:37,760 --> 00:27:43,300
ุณุงู„ููˆู†ูŠูˆู„ูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ

348
00:27:43,300 --> 00:27:49,720
ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ insulin secretion ุงู„ูƒุงุณูƒ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ

349
00:27:49,720 --> 00:27:53,920
ุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู…ุงู† was visited by his son and was found to

350
00:27:53,920 --> 00:28:00,100
be semi-conscious ุฌุฑุงุฌุฑ ูƒูˆูŠุฑ ูˆ ุงุจู†ู‡ ุฒุงุฑ ูˆ ู„ุฌุฃ ุงู†ู‡

351
00:28:00,100 --> 00:28:04,440
ู…ุด ู…ุตุญ ุตุญูŠ ุฒูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุบูŠุจูŠู†ุงู„ู‚ุงุจู„ูŠู† ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠู„ุงุญุธูˆุง

352
00:28:04,440 --> 00:28:07,640
ุนู†ู‡ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 10 ุฃูŠุงู… ู‚ุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒ. ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ ุดููˆู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุนุดุฑ

353
00:28:07,640 --> 00:28:11,300
ุฃูŠุงู… ุฌู„ุงู†ู‡ุŒ when he had seemed wellุŒ ูƒุงู† ููŠุด ููŠู‡

354
00:28:11,300 --> 00:28:13,600
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆู…ุจุงูŠู† ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ he was admitted to hospital.

355
00:28:14,320 --> 00:28:17,860
On examination, he appeared extremely dehydrated.

356
00:28:18,560 --> 00:28:21,760
ูƒุงู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ุฏูุน ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุณูˆุงุฆู„. Results of

357
00:28:21,760 --> 00:28:26,970
biochemical investigations were as followsุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง

358
00:28:26,970 --> 00:28:33,510
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 38 ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆู„ ุงูˆ 1006 ู…ู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ุจุฑุฏุณุงู„ูŠุชุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ

359
00:28:33,510 --> 00:28:36,170
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุตู ุจุฑุถู‡

360
00:28:36,170 --> 00:28:38,590
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆ

361
00:28:38,590 --> 00:28:41,810
ุจุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ููŠู‡ dehydration ุฒูŠ ู…ุง

362
00:28:41,810 --> 00:28:44,770
ุดูˆูู†ุง ุจุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ููŠู‡ dehydration

363
00:28:44,770 --> 00:28:47,990
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ pre-renal ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฒูˆุชูŠุงู…ูŠุง

364
00:28:47,990 --> 00:28:51,650
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆ

365
00:28:51,650 --> 00:28:55,720
ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…

366
00:28:55,720 --> 00:29:02,340
ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

367
00:29:02,340 --> 00:29:09,280
ุงู„ู€ CO2 18% ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุฑุชูุน ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ 1098

368
00:29:09,280 --> 00:29:13,820
ู…ูŠู„ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ุจุงู„ุฏูŠุณู„ูŠุชุฑ ูˆุงู„ู€ Osmolality ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

369
00:29:13,820 --> 00:29:17,060
ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

370
00:29:23,780 --> 00:29:29,000
ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจุงู„ุชุฏูˆ ุฏุง ุจุงุณู… Litas ู…ู† ุงู„ complications

371
00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:32,580
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ acute ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…

372
00:29:32,580 --> 00:29:38,940
ุงู„ hyperosmolar non-ketonic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…

373
00:29:38,940 --> 00:29:45,660
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ osmolality ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ููŠู‡

374
00:29:45,660 --> 00:29:50,660
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ ketone bodies ุงู‡ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

375
00:29:50,660 --> 00:29:58,020
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูุฑู‚ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Ketones ู…ู‡ู… ุงู†ู‡

376
00:29:58,020 --> 00:30:02,780
ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชูุฑู‚ู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุง ุณูŠููŠุฑ

377
00:30:02,780 --> 00:30:07,360
hyperglycemia ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุช ุงู„ู‰ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู€

378
00:30:07,360 --> 00:30:10,540
osmolality ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† osmotically

379
00:30:10,540 --> 00:30:14,520
active hyperglycemia has driven on osmotic

380
00:30:14,520 --> 00:30:20,420
diuresis ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูู„ูˆุฏ

381
00:30:20,420 --> 00:30:23,040
ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูู„ูˆุฏ ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูู„ูˆุฏ ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง

382
00:30:23,040 --> 00:30:24,240
ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูู„ูˆุฏ ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูู„ูˆุฏ ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู

383
00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:25,680
ุงูู„ูˆุฏ ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูู„ูˆุฏ ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูู„ูˆุฏ

384
00:30:25,680 --> 00:30:28,220
ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูู„ูˆุฏ ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูู„ูˆุฏ ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง

385
00:30:28,220 --> 00:30:33,400
ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูู„ูˆุฏ ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูู„ูˆุฏ ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู

386
00:30:33,400 --> 00:30:39,460
ุงูู„ูˆุฏ ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูู„ูˆุฏ ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูู„ูˆุฏ

387
00:30:39,460 --> 00:30:45,390
ุงูƒุชุณุฑุง ูˆุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงูุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ hyperlipidemia ู„ูƒู†

388
00:30:45,390 --> 00:30:48,950
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ vomiting ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุณุจุจ ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ูู‚ุฏ ู„ู‡

389
00:30:48,950 --> 00:30:53,970
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Sodium Total CO2 is slightly reduced

390
00:30:53,970 --> 00:30:58,570
due to the impaired renal function but it's not as

391
00:30:58,570 --> 00:31:00,150
low as what we expected in the case of

392
00:31:00,150 --> 00:31:03,270
ketoacidosis ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ketoacidosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒุงู†

393
00:31:03,270 --> 00:31:06,090
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ CO2 ุงู„ concentration ุฃู‚ู„ ุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ

394
00:31:06,090 --> 00:31:11,850
ุจุตุจุญุŸ with result as abnormal as thisุงู„ุดุฎุต ูƒุงู†

395
00:31:11,850 --> 00:31:14,630
ู…ู…ูŠุฒุงู‹ ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูƒุงู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุนุทุงุก

396
00:31:14,630 --> 00:31:19,770
ู…ุซุงู„ ูŠูˆุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุนุทู‰ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ู„ูƒูŠุชูˆู†ุงุช ูˆู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุด

397
00:31:19,770 --> 00:31:23,450
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูƒูŠุชูˆู†ุงุช ูˆุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„

398
00:31:23,450 --> 00:31:30,030
ketoacidosis ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ type 1 ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

399
00:31:30,030 --> 00:31:34,170
ู„ุฃู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง absolute deficiency of

400
00:31:34,170 --> 00:31:39,370
insulin ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ insulin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡

401
00:31:39,370 --> 00:31:42,400
negativeุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ effect ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ release of

402
00:31:42,400 --> 00:31:47,040
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒุงุฌูˆู† ูุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูู‡ุฐุง

403
00:31:47,040 --> 00:31:50,380
ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒุงุฌูˆู† ูˆุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

404
00:31:50,380 --> 00:31:53,460
gluconeogenesis ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ lipid oxidation ูˆ

405
00:31:53,460 --> 00:31:59,160
ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€

406
00:31:59,160 --> 00:32:02,780
ketone bodies ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„type 2 diabetes mellitus

407
00:32:02,780 --> 00:32:06,740
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ููŠ

408
00:32:06,740 --> 00:32:11,680
deficiencyู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู€

409
00:32:11,680 --> 00:32:16,060
Type I ุนุดุงู† ุฅูŠู‡ ู†ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ู…ุงุก ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูƒูŠุชูˆ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏูˆุฒูŠุฒ ููŠ

410
00:32:16,060 --> 00:32:19,820
ุงู„ู„ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู€ Type II ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ..

411
00:32:19,820 --> 00:32:23,080
ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุชุฃุฎุฑุฉ ูˆุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฏูŠุชุฑ

412
00:32:23,080 --> 00:32:26,940
ุฅูŠุฑูŠุดู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ู€ Beta cells ูˆุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุฎูุงุฑ

413
00:32:26,940 --> 00:32:33,060
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ูŠ

414
00:32:38,140 --> 00:32:40,780
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ .. ู„ุฃู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒูŠุชูˆู† bodies ูˆููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุน

415
00:32:40,780 --> 00:32:44,380
ุทุจุนุง ุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุณููƒูŽุฑ This one occurs in patients

416
00:32:44,380 --> 00:32:49,040
with type 2 diabetes mellitus ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู€

417
00:32:49,040 --> 00:32:51,580
type 2 diabetes mellitus ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตุงุจูˆุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡

418
00:32:51,580 --> 00:32:57,940
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูƒ acute complication ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„

419
00:32:57,940 --> 00:33:02,760
.. ุงู„ severe illness ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡

420
00:33:02,760 --> 00:33:08,600
ู…ุฑุถ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ stress hormones ูˆู‡ูŠ

421
00:33:08,600 --> 00:33:14,680
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุชุนุชุจุฑ hyperglycemic agents ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ

422
00:33:14,680 --> 00:33:19,240
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฑูุน ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ non

423
00:33:19,240 --> 00:33:23,860
-ketotic hyperglycemia ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ hyperosmolar non

424
00:33:23,860 --> 00:33:24,300
-ketotic

425
00:33:28,290 --> 00:33:31,930
ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถูŠู† ูŠุญุงูุธูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู„ุชุญูุฉ

426
00:33:31,930 --> 00:33:37,510
ูƒูŠุชูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุณ ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุงููŠุง ู„ุชุญูุฉ ุงู„ู€Hyperglycemia

427
00:33:37,510 --> 00:33:41,350
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ

428
00:33:41,350 --> 00:33:46,010
ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Ketogenesis ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงุฌ

429
00:33:46,010 --> 00:33:50,270
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจู€ Placement of Fluid and Electrolyte

430
00:33:50,270 --> 00:33:56,140
Loss ูˆ ุจุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† Infusion ู„ุชุญูุฉ ุงู„ู€ GlucoseูŠุจุนุทูˆู‡ู…

431
00:33:56,140 --> 00:33:58,420
ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ูŠู„ุฒู…ูˆุง ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…

432
00:33:58,420 --> 00:34:03,860
dehydration ุจูŠุจุนุทูˆู‡ู… ุงู„ูˆุซูˆุงุฆู„ ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุฑุฌุงุน ุงู„

433
00:34:03,860 --> 00:34:08,420
blood value ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ once the acute episode is

434
00:34:08,420 --> 00:34:13,100
over ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† is unlikely to be needed ุจุณ ุชุฎู„ุต

435
00:34:13,100 --> 00:34:17,040
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุฑุฌุน ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

436
00:34:17,040 --> 00:34:21,320
ูƒุงู† ูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ ูˆ ุจูˆู‚ูู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุฒูƒุงู‡ ู…ุงูƒุงู†ุด ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ

437
00:34:21,320 --> 00:34:27,250
ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุทูŠุจ ู„ู…ุง ุณุฃู„ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ุงุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠููŠ ุฅูŠุด

438
00:34:27,250 --> 00:34:32,270
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ he reported having experienced increasing

439
00:34:32,270 --> 00:34:35,530
thirst and poliurea ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตุงู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

440
00:34:35,530 --> 00:34:39,110
ูƒู…ุงู† in several weeks ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‡

441
00:34:39,110 --> 00:34:45,910
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ urination ูˆ ููŠู‡ thirstุŒ

442
00:34:45,910 --> 00:34:51,870
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุดุฑุจ ู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูƒุงู† ูŠุดุฑุจุŸ ูƒุงู† ูŠุดุฑุจ

443
00:34:51,870 --> 00:34:58,850
ู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ููŠู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ุณูƒุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุทุจุนุง ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆ

444
00:34:58,850 --> 00:35:03,670
ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงูŠุด ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทูŠู† ุจู„ุง ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

445
00:35:03,670 --> 00:35:08,250
ุฃุตู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุฑุชูุน ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุงุฑุชูุงุน

446
00:35:08,250 --> 00:35:11,910
ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆ ุจ ุงู„ dehydration ูˆ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุงู„ุฃุฒู…ุฉ

447
00:35:11,910 --> 00:35:15,570
ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ

448
00:35:26,540 --> 00:35:30,980
A 45-year-old woman who was unable to feed, wash

449
00:35:30,980 --> 00:35:34,840
or dress herself because of severe multiple

450
00:35:34,840 --> 00:35:39,020
sclerosis ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง multiple sclerosis

451
00:35:39,020 --> 00:35:42,420
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชุตู„ูˆุง ุจุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู

452
00:35:42,420 --> 00:35:46,320
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู†ุดูŠู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ

453
00:35:46,320 --> 00:35:54,060
ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ .. ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ nerve signalูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ

454
00:35:54,060 --> 00:35:59,440
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆุตูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ

455
00:35:59,440 --> 00:36:04,040
ููŠู‡ ุฅู„ู‡ complications ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„

456
00:36:04,040 --> 00:36:11,740
ู†ูˆุงุญูŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุงุดูŠ ุฃูƒู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุทูŠุจ ูˆ

457
00:36:11,740 --> 00:36:14,780
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง 45 ุณู†ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง multiple

458
00:36:14,780 --> 00:36:20,610
sclerosisูˆูƒุงู† ููŠ CV multiple sclerosis ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ

459
00:36:20,610 --> 00:36:24,650
ู„ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฌุงุฏุฉ ุชุงูƒู„ ูˆู„ุง ุฌุงุฏุฉ ุชู„ุจุณ ูˆู„ุง ุฌุงุฏุฉ ุชุชุญู…ู… ูˆู„ุง

460
00:36:24,650 --> 00:36:29,470
ุฌุงุฏุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ ุฃูŠ ุฅุดูŠ ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูุนู„ูŠุง ููŠ nursing

461
00:36:29,470 --> 00:36:32,730
home ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฏุงุฑ ู„ู„ุฑูŠุนุงูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจุงู‡ุชู…ูˆุง

462
00:36:32,730 --> 00:36:39,750
ููŠู‡ุง about six hours after a visit by relatives it

463
00:36:39,750 --> 00:36:44,850
was found that she could not be roused ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ

464
00:36:44,850 --> 00:36:48,600
ุฃู‚ุฑุจู‡ุงูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุจู‚ู‰ ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุณุช ุณุงุนุงุช ู…ู†

465
00:36:48,600 --> 00:36:54,640
ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฑุฉ ุงุฌู„ุบูˆู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุด ู…ุตุญุตุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุจุนุฏ

466
00:36:54,640 --> 00:36:58,920
ุณุช

467
00:36:58,920 --> 00:37:04,160
ุณุงุนุงุช ู…ุฑุงุฏุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† on admission to a hospital

468
00:37:04,160 --> 00:37:08,900
she was found to be extremely hypoglycemic ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง

469
00:37:08,900 --> 00:37:13,080
ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงูŠุด ููŠ ู†ู‚ุต ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูˆ glucose

470
00:37:13,080 --> 00:37:16,870
ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† milligram per deciliterุชุนุฑููŠู† ุฃู‚ู„

471
00:37:16,870 --> 00:37:20,970
ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠ hypoglycemia

472
00:37:20,970 --> 00:37:23,570
ูˆุทุจุนุง ุฃู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุนุชุจุฑ life threatening condition

473
00:37:23,570 --> 00:37:26,950
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆูุงุก

474
00:37:26,950 --> 00:37:34,070
ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุตุงุฑุด ููŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ุงุฌ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงุฌู„ ุทูŠุจ required

475
00:37:34,070 --> 00:37:36,610
repeated intravenous infusion of glucose ู…ุฒุงู„ ููŠ

476
00:37:36,610 --> 00:37:41,210
hypoglycemia ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃุทูˆู„ ูŠู†ุนุทู‰

477
00:37:41,210 --> 00:37:42,590
ุงู„ patient glucose

478
00:37:45,510 --> 00:37:50,330
2 ู…ู† 2 ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุจู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ over the next 12 to 24 hours

479
00:37:50,330 --> 00:37:55,170
a sample of blood taken on admission was restored

480
00:37:55,170 --> 00:37:58,250
and subsequently analyzed for insulin and C

481
00:37:58,250 --> 00:38:02,770
-peptide ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุชุญุณูˆุง ุจุงู„ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„

482
00:38:02,770 --> 00:38:07,150
result ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ุงุญู‚ุง ูŠุดูƒูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡

483
00:38:07,150 --> 00:38:10,670
ููŠ ุฅุดูŠ ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆ

484
00:38:10,670 --> 00:38:15,720
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูุญุตูˆู‡ุงุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูˆุง

485
00:38:15,720 --> 00:38:17,680
ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆุนู…ู„ูˆุง C-peptide result were

486
00:38:17,680 --> 00:38:22,440
inappropriately raised ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ

487
00:38:22,440 --> 00:38:28,660
ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆููŠ ุงู„ C-peptide ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู†

488
00:38:28,660 --> 00:38:33,240
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง hypoglycemia ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†

489
00:38:33,240 --> 00:38:39,110
ุชู…ุงู… ุงูƒูŠุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู‚ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ hypoglycemia ูˆู‡ุฐุง

490
00:38:39,110 --> 00:38:44,850
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง

491
00:38:44,850 --> 00:38:49,910
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง insulin ุชู…ุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…

492
00:38:49,910 --> 00:38:52,870
hypoglycemia ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุฎุฏ ุฌุฑุนุฉ

493
00:38:52,870 --> 00:38:58,870
ุฒุงูŠุฏุฉ ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ู…ุงุฃูƒู„ุด ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ู…ุงุฃูƒู„ุด ุงู„ูุทูˆุฑ

494
00:38:58,870 --> 00:39:01,610
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุงูƒู„ู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„

495
00:39:01,610 --> 00:39:05,590
carbohydrates ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ูˆุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ

496
00:39:05,590 --> 00:39:10,790
ุฃูƒุจุฑุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ

497
00:39:10,790 --> 00:39:14,110
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฐู„ู‡ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

498
00:39:14,110 --> 00:39:20,190
hypoglycemia ุทูŠุจ over the next few days repeated

499
00:39:20,190 --> 00:39:24,650
overnight fasts failed to induce further

500
00:39:24,650 --> 00:39:26,090
hypoglycemia

501
00:39:27,790 --> 00:39:32,890
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุงู† ุจุดูƒู‡ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„

502
00:39:32,890 --> 00:39:35,810
insulin ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ C-peptide ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ุงุชู‡

503
00:39:35,810 --> 00:39:41,330
ุงู„ insulin ุฅูŠุด ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ููŠ C-peptide

504
00:39:41,330 --> 00:39:46,730
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ insulin ุฅูŠุด ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏุด insulin ูŠุนู†ูŠ

505
00:39:46,730 --> 00:39:51,380
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุดูƒู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฅูŠุด Encelanomaุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ููŠ

506
00:39:51,380 --> 00:39:53,700
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† cancer ููŠ ุงู„ beta cells ูˆููŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ

507
00:39:53,700 --> 00:39:59,300
ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุดูˆููˆุง

508
00:39:59,300 --> 00:40:05,420
ุฃู†ู‡ ูุนู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ insulin ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ insulin

509
00:40:05,420 --> 00:40:10,140
load ู…ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ overnight ู„ูˆุง fast ูˆุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู† ูŠุญุตู„

510
00:40:10,140 --> 00:40:14,320
ููŠู‡ hypoglycemia ู„ูˆ ูุนู„ุง ููŠ ู„ูˆุง insulin load

511
00:40:14,320 --> 00:40:20,180
eventually after a prolonged fastููŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃูŠุงู…

512
00:40:20,180 --> 00:40:27,360
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงุชูู‚ ุฅู„ู‰ 45 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู†ุฒู„

513
00:40:27,360 --> 00:40:33,520
ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู„ 45 ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุง ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆC-Peptide ูƒุงู†ูˆุง

514
00:40:33,520 --> 00:40:39,860
ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ

515
00:40:39,860 --> 00:40:47,400
ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ

516
00:40:51,830 --> 00:40:54,530
ู‡ูŠุจูˆุบู„ุงูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ C

517
00:40:54,530 --> 00:40:59,190
-Peptide ูŠุฏูˆู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูŠุดูŠุฑูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ

518
00:40:59,190 --> 00:41:04,630
ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุจูŠุชุงู„ูŠู‡ ูƒู„ ูƒูŠู„ูˆู† ุงู†ุณู„ูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ

519
00:41:04,630 --> 00:41:07,530
ุฐุฑุน ุชุซุจุช ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุชุฏูุนูƒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ู…ู†

520
00:41:07,530 --> 00:41:10,910
ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆุบู„ุงูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุฉุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู…ุน

521
00:41:10,910 --> 00:41:15,050
ุงู†ุณู„ู†ูˆู…ุฉ ุณูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆุบู„ุงูŠุณูŠู…ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ

522
00:41:15,050 --> 00:41:21,290
ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ุจุนุฏ ุซู„ุงุซ ูุงุตู„ุงุช ุนุงู…ุฉู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุตูˆู… overnight

523
00:41:21,290 --> 00:41:24,550
ูุงุตู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุชู„ุช ุฃูŠุงู… ุฅู„ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… hypoglycemia

524
00:41:24,550 --> 00:41:28,990
ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ overnight ูุงุตู„ุฉ

525
00:41:28,990 --> 00:41:32,590
ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุชู„ุช ุฃูŠุงู… ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด ููŠู‡ hypoglycemia ูˆ ุจุงู„ูŠูˆู…

526
00:41:32,590 --> 00:41:39,750
ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ูˆ ู†ุฒู„ ู„ู€45 ูˆ even prolonged

527
00:41:39,750 --> 00:41:43,550
fast failed to induce true hypoglycemia and at

528
00:41:43,550 --> 00:41:47,510
that time insulin level was appropriately lowู„ู…

529
00:41:47,510 --> 00:41:51,210
ูŠูƒู†ุด ููŠู‡ ุฅุฑุชูุงุน Review of her history revealed no

530
00:41:51,210 --> 00:41:56,490
suggestion of previous hypoglycemic episodes ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ

531
00:41:56,490 --> 00:42:01,410
ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุง ู‚ู…ุฑุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง hypoglycemia ุณุงุจู‚ุง

532
00:42:01,410 --> 00:42:04,790
Clinical staff were accordingly forced to

533
00:42:04,790 --> 00:42:08,630
reconsider the initial diagnosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡

534
00:42:08,630 --> 00:42:13,630
ุงู„ูุญุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ูŠุฑุฌุนูˆุง ุฌุงู„ูˆุง ุจุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ุฑุฉ

535
00:42:13,630 --> 00:42:14,710
ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Enceloma

536
00:42:23,340 --> 00:42:28,380
ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญุชูุธูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุฑุฌูˆุง ุจุนุชูˆุง ู‡ุดูˆููˆุง and was

537
00:42:28,380 --> 00:42:30,660
found to contain high concentrations of the oral

538
00:42:30,660 --> 00:42:37,340
hypoglycemic drugs Chloropropamide ูˆ Eglipin

539
00:42:37,340 --> 00:42:43,720
Clamide ูˆู‡ุฏู‡ ุงู„ drugs ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† sulfonylurea

540
00:42:45,250 --> 00:42:50,670
ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฅูุฑุงุฒ

541
00:42:50,670 --> 00:42:54,850
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูู„ูŠู†ุฉุŒ ู…ุฌุจูˆุฑุŸ ู…ุฌุจูˆุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„patient ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡

542
00:42:54,850 --> 00:42:58,230
ุงู†ุฏูˆู„ุจูˆุฏูŠ ูŠุนุทูˆู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Sulfonylurea ุนุดุงู†

543
00:42:58,230 --> 00:43:01,850
ูŠุฒูŠุฏูˆุง ูู‚ุท ุฅูŠุด ู…ู† ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูู„ูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

544
00:43:01,850 --> 00:43:06,390
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุทูŠุจุŒ these drugs Sulfonylurea which act by

545
00:43:06,390 --> 00:43:08,890
enhancing pancreatic insulin secretion in response

546
00:43:08,890 --> 00:43:16,640
to glucoseู‡ุฏูˆู… ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู† have long half-livesุŒ ุงู„ู€

547
00:43:16,640 --> 00:43:21,000
half-life ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ู… ุฃูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู†ุŸ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉุŒ making

548
00:43:21,000 --> 00:43:25,440
hypoglycemia an occasional problem even when used

549
00:43:25,440 --> 00:43:28,580
therapeutically in patients with diabetes

550
00:43:33,600 --> 00:43:36,000
ุทูŠุจุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉุŸ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†

551
00:43:36,000 --> 00:43:39,160
ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ุง ุฌุงุฏุฑุฉ

552
00:43:39,160 --> 00:43:43,120
ุชุฃูƒู„ ูˆู„ุง ุฌุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุดุฑุจ ูˆู„ุง ุฌุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุทุจ ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฐู‡

553
00:43:43,120 --> 00:43:49,020
ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุงู„ู…ู…ุฑุถูŠู† ู…ุง ุฃุนุทูˆู‡ุงุดุŸ ูƒูŠู ูˆุตู„ุช ูˆุฏุฎู„ุช

554
00:43:49,020 --> 00:43:57,920
ุฌุณู…ู‡ุงุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุตุงุฑ ุฅูŠุด ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ู‚ุชู„ ุทูŠุจุŒ it was

555
00:43:57,920 --> 00:44:00,860
likely that a relative distressed by hair

556
00:44:00,860 --> 00:44:05,900
conditionู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุฐุจูˆู‡ุง ุญุฒู†ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง

557
00:44:05,900 --> 00:44:14,060
ุดููˆู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูุธุงู‡ุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู†ู‡ูŠ

558
00:44:14,060 --> 00:44:18,700
ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ police were informed that it was felt

559
00:44:18,700 --> 00:44:22,040
that there was insufficient evidence to proceed

560
00:44:22,040 --> 00:44:27,400
ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ู„ุนุฏู… ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฏู„ุฉ

561
00:44:27,400 --> 00:44:31,720
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุญูƒูˆุง ูŠุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุฃู„ู ุนุงููŠุฉ