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ุจุณู
ุงููู ุงูุฑุญู
ู ุงูุฑุญูู
ูุณุชูู
ู ู
ุน ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ diabetes
2
00:00:06,080 --> 00:00:12,940
mellitus ููุตููุง ูุบุงูุฉ ุงู insulin ู ุงู antibodies
3
00:00:12,940 --> 00:00:14,260
to insulin
4
00:00:16,690 --> 00:00:22,170
ุงูุฌุณู
ู
ู
ูู ููุชุฌ antibody against the exogenous
5
00:00:22,170 --> 00:00:29,850
ุงูุณูููู ูุนูู ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุจุชุนุงูุฌูุง ุจุงูุงูุณูููู ู
ู
ูู
6
00:00:29,850 --> 00:00:34,950
ูุตูุฑ ูู antibodies ุฃู ุงูุฌุณู
ููุชุฌ antibodies ุถุฏ ูุฐุง
7
00:00:34,950 --> 00:00:40,550
ุงูุงูุณูููู ููุฐุง ุจูุทูู ุนููู exogenous insulin
8
00:00:40,550 --> 00:00:42,470
antibody syndrome
9
00:00:44,970 --> 00:00:48,690
ุงูู these antibodies are usually present at low
10
00:00:48,690 --> 00:00:52,410
titers ูุจูู ุงู concentration ูู antibodies ูุฐู
11
00:00:52,410 --> 00:00:59,230
ุจุชููู ููููุฉ ููุนูู ู
ุงุจููููุด ูู ุนูุง ุฃู ูุชุงุฆุฌ ูุนูู
12
00:00:59,230 --> 00:01:05,350
ุนูุณูุฉ on real...real occasions high titers of
13
00:01:05,350 --> 00:01:08,850
insulin antibodies may cause insulin resistance
14
00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:17,380
ููุฐุง ุจูุตูุฑ ุจุดูู ุฎุงุต ูู ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
type 2
15
00:01:17,380 --> 00:01:21,160
diabetes mellitus ู ุงููู ูุนูู ุจุงูู
ุฑุงุญู ู
ุชูุฏู
ุฉ ู
ู
16
00:01:21,160 --> 00:01:29,600
ุงูู
ุฑุถ ู ุงููู ุจุฏูุง ูุงุฎุฏูุง insulin ุถู
ู ุงูุนูุงุฌ ูุจูู
17
00:01:29,600 --> 00:01:34,100
ุจูุฐู ุงูุญุงูุฉ ู
ู
ูู ูุตูุฑ ูููุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ุงู
18
00:01:34,100 --> 00:01:40,730
concentrations ูู insulin antibodiesู ูุฐุง ุงูุงุฑุชูุงุน
19
00:01:40,730 --> 00:01:44,890
ุณูุคุฏู ุฅูู insulin resistance
20
00:01:46,610 --> 00:01:50,570
ููู ูุชู
ุงูุชุนุงู
ู ู
ุน ูุฏูู ุงูู
ุฑุถูุ ููู ุฃูู several
21
00:01:50,570 --> 00:01:54,750
therapeutic approaches for treating these patients
22
00:01:54,750 --> 00:01:58,110
ูู
ู ุถู
ู ุงู approaches ุฃูู ูุตูุฑ ููู double
23
00:01:58,110 --> 00:02:04,670
filtration ุจูุงุฒู
ุงููุฑูุณ ุฃู ูุตูุฑ ููู plasma exchange
24
00:02:04,670 --> 00:02:11,110
ูู
ุฏุฉ two weeks ุจุงูุฅุถุงูุฉ ููุฃุนุทุงู ูุฏูู ุงูู
ุฑุถู
25
00:02:11,110 --> 00:02:17,630
prednisolone ุงููู ูู synthetic hydrocortisone ููุฐุง
26
00:02:17,630 --> 00:02:21,350
ุทุจุนุง ุงููู ูู ููุนู
ู ุนูู ูุนูู ุชูููู ุงู immune
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00:02:21,350 --> 00:02:23,030
response
28
00:02:24,740 --> 00:02:29,660
ุฃูุถุง ูู ูุฐู ุงูุญุงูุงุช ุงูู ูุนูู ูุถู ูููุง ู
ุชุงุจุน ููุนูู
29
00:02:29,660 --> 00:02:35,540
ูุชู
ุนู
ู ุงู quantitative estimate ูุฅู ุงู
30
00:02:35,540 --> 00:02:39,300
concentration of the circulating insulin
31
00:02:39,300 --> 00:02:42,980
antibodies does not appear to be of significant
32
00:02:42,980 --> 00:02:46,940
benefit ูุนูู ู
ุด ููููุฏูุชูุฑ ู
ุง ุฒุงู ุนุงุฑููุง ุฃูู ูู
33
00:02:46,940 --> 00:02:51,100
ุนูุฏูุง antibodies ู ุงู antibodies ูุฐู ูุนูู ุฅููุง
34
00:02:51,100 --> 00:02:54,240
ู
ูุนูู
35
00:02:54,240 --> 00:02:58,100
ุฃู ู
ู
ูู...ู
ู
ูู ุชุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงู insulin resistance ูุจูู
36
00:02:58,100 --> 00:03:02,680
ุจูุฐู ุงูุญุงูุฉ ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุง ุจุฏูุง ุงููู ูู ูุนูู ูููู ูู
37
00:03:02,680 --> 00:03:08,300
ุนูุฏูุง therapeutic approach ู ูุชู
ุงูุชุนุงู
ู ู
ุน ุงูู
ุฑูุถ
38
00:03:08,300 --> 00:03:11,240
ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงููู ุฐูุฑูุงู
39
00:03:13,520 --> 00:03:17,700
ุงูุชุญุณูู ูู ุตุญูุญุฉ ุงูุฅูุณูููู ุงูุญููุงูู ูุฅูุณูููู
40
00:03:17,700 --> 00:03:22,540
ุงูุญููุงูู ุงูู
ุชูุณุท ูุฏ ุฃููุ ูููู ููุณ ุชููููุงู ุนู ุฅูุชุงุฌ
41
00:03:22,540 --> 00:03:29,320
ุงูุฅูุณูููู ุงูุญููุงูู ูุจูู ู
ุน ุงูุฅูุชุงุฌ ููุฅูุณูููู
42
00:03:29,320 --> 00:03:33,680
ุงูุญููุงูู ูุทุจุนุงู ูุนูู ุตุงุฑ ูู ุงู ุงุนุชู
ุงุฏ ุฃูู ุนูู
43
00:03:33,680 --> 00:03:38,800
ุงูุฅูุณูููู ุงูุญููุงูู ูุงูุตุญูุญุฉ ุงููู ุจุชุตูุฑ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุนุงููุฉ
44
00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:45,370
ููุฅูุณูููู ูุฐู ูููุช ุจุดูู ูุจูุฑู
ู ุงููู ูู ุงู
45
00:03:45,370 --> 00:03:49,130
antibodies ูู
46
00:03:49,130 --> 00:03:53,490
exogenous insulin ููู ุญุชู ู
ุน ุงู purification
47
00:03:53,490 --> 00:03:59,990
ุงูุนุงูู ู ุญุชู ู
ุน ุงูุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ูู recombinant insulin
48
00:03:59,990 --> 00:04:04,770
ุฅูุง ุฃูู ุจุฑุถู ูุนูู ูู ู
ู
ูู ูุตูุฑ ุฅูุชุงุฌ ู antibodies
49
00:04:04,770 --> 00:04:12,820
against ุงู exogenous insulinุงูุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ููู ูุนูู
50
00:04:12,820 --> 00:04:19,180
ู
ู
ูู ูููู ุงู less invasive ูุนูู ways ุงู delivery
51
00:04:19,180 --> 00:04:27,940
system ูุฃ ุงู insulin ููุฃุณู ูุฐู ุฒุงุฏุช ู
ู ุฅูุชุงุฌ ุงู
52
00:04:27,940 --> 00:04:33,110
antibodies ุถุฏ ุงู exogenous insulinูุจูู ุนูุฏูุง ุฒู
53
00:04:33,110 --> 00:04:35,850
ุงููู ูู ุงู continuous subcutaneous insulin
54
00:04:35,850 --> 00:04:42,810
infusion ุฃู ุฃูุถุง ูู ุงููู ูู ุงู inhaled insulin has
55
00:04:42,810 --> 00:04:45,770
resulted in significantly increased concentrations
56
00:04:45,770 --> 00:04:48,250
of insulin antibodies
57
00:04:51,430 --> 00:04:54,630
Antibodies to insulin really develop in patients
58
00:04:54,630 --> 00:04:58,770
who have not received exogenous insulin ูุจูู
59
00:04:58,770 --> 00:05:03,870
ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงูุฃุณุงุณูุฉ ูู ุจุงูExogenous insulin ูุจูู ูู
ุง
60
00:05:03,870 --> 00:05:08,030
ูุตูุฑ ูู administration ูExogenous insulin ู
ู
ูู
61
00:05:08,030 --> 00:05:12,030
ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชููู Antibodies ุถุฏ ุงูุงูุณููู
62
00:05:15,260 --> 00:05:19,820
ุจู
ุง ูุชุนูู ุจุงูุชูุตูุงุช ุทูุจ ูู ูุตูุฑ ููุงูุง ูุญุต ู
ุซูุง
63
00:05:19,820 --> 00:05:26,120
ุจุดูู ุฑูุชููู ููุงุณ ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
ูุนูู diabetes ู
64
00:05:26,120 --> 00:05:32,500
ุจูุนุทููู
exogenous insulin ุฃู ูุฃุ ูุนูู ู
ู ุงูุชูุตูุงุช
65
00:05:32,500 --> 00:05:40,120
ุฃูู ู
ุงูุตูุฑุด ููู ูุนูู routine ูุนูู quantitation ุฃู
66
00:05:40,120 --> 00:05:45,670
measurement ูุงู insulinูููู ููุณ ููุงู ุงุซุงุฑุฉ ูุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ
67
00:05:45,670 --> 00:05:50,090
ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ุงูุงูุณููู ููุชุฌุงุฑุจ ููุทุจูุนู ููุทุจูุนู ููุทูุงุจูู
68
00:05:50,090 --> 00:05:51,690
ุงููู ุจูุจุชุณ
69
00:05:54,020 --> 00:05:58,740
ุทุจุนุง ุฒู ู
ุง ููููุง ุฅูู ู
ู ุงูู
ุดููุงุช ุงููู ู
ู
ูู ุชูุชุฌ ุนู
70
00:05:58,740 --> 00:06:03,760
ูุฌูุฏ ุงู antibodies ูุฐู ูุงุฑุชุจุงุทูุง ู
ุน ุงูุงูุณููู ูู
71
00:06:03,760 --> 00:06:08,920
ุญุฏูุซ ุงูุงูุณููู resistance ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐุง ููุคุฏู ุฅูู
72
00:06:08,920 --> 00:06:16,350
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ุงู postprandial blood glucose ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุฃู
73
00:06:16,350 --> 00:06:20,470
ุงูู Antibodies ู
ุฑุชุจุท ููุฅูุณูููุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุงูุฅูุณููู
74
00:06:20,470 --> 00:06:25,010
ู
ุด ููููู
ุจุนู
ููุ ูุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงูุชุงููุฉ ุงูู
ุชุนููุฉ ุจุฑุถู
75
00:06:25,010 --> 00:06:30,530
ุจูุฐุง ุงูุฃู
ุฑุ ุฅู ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงูู Antibodies ุจุงูุฅูุณููู
76
00:06:30,530 --> 00:06:34,870
reversibleูู
ุง ุจูุฌู ุงู antibody ู
ุด ููุถุงู ู
ุฑุชุจุท ูู
77
00:06:34,870 --> 00:06:40,070
ุชุบูุฑุช ุงูุธุฑูู ู
ู
ูู ููู ุงูุฅุฑุชุจุงุท ุจูู ุงู insulin ู
78
00:06:40,070 --> 00:06:43,470
ุจูู ุงู antibody ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐุง ู
ู
ูู ูุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงู
79
00:06:43,470 --> 00:06:48,410
insulin concentration ุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุจุงูุฏู
ููุฐุง ุงููู
80
00:06:48,410 --> 00:06:54,430
ู
ู
ูู ูุตูุฑ at night ุงูุชุบูุฑ ูููุงูู pH at night ู
ู
ูู
81
00:06:54,430 --> 00:06:59,670
ูุนู
ู dissociation ุจูู ุงูุฅูุณููู ูุจูู ุงูู antibody
82
00:06:59,670 --> 00:07:04,930
ุงููู ูุงู ู
ุฑุชุจุท ู
ุนุงู ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงูู ุงู
83
00:07:04,930 --> 00:07:08,690
concentration ููุฅูุณููู ูุจุงูุชุงูู ู
ู
ูู ูุคุฏู ุฅูู
84
00:07:08,690 --> 00:07:14,490
hypoglycemia ุฃููุง ู
ุดููุฉ ุชุงููุฉ ุจุชุชุนูู ุจุงู
85
00:07:14,490 --> 00:07:18,770
antibodies ูู ุฅูุชุงุฌ antibodies ุถุฏ ุงูุฅูุณููู
86
00:07:18,770 --> 00:07:27,650
receptor ููู ูุฐู ุงูุญุงูุฉ ุฃูู ู
ู
ูู ููุจุฌ ู
ุดููุชูู ุงู
87
00:07:27,650 --> 00:07:32,190
antibodies ูุฐู ุงููู ูุชุฑุชุจุท ู
ุน ุงู receptor ู
ู
ูู
88
00:07:32,190 --> 00:07:38,350
ุชุดุชุบู ู antagonist ูุฅุฐุง ุงุดุชุบูุช ู antagonist ู
ุนูุงู
89
00:07:38,350 --> 00:07:41,690
ุทุจุนุง ููุตูุฑ ููู competition ุจูููุง ู ุจูู ุงู ุงู
90
00:07:41,690 --> 00:07:44,670
insulin ู ูู ูุชุฑุชุจุท ู
ุน ุงู receptor ู ุชู
ูุน ู
ู
91
00:07:44,670 --> 00:07:51,820
ุงุฑุชุจุงุทุงูุงูุณูููู ู ูุชุคุฏู ุงูู ุญุฏูุซ hyperglycemia
92
00:07:51,820 --> 00:07:57,300
ููุฐุง ุงููู ุจูุดูููู ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงู patients with
93
00:07:57,300 --> 00:08:05,080
acanthosis nigricans ุงููู ุจูููู ูู ุงููู ูู ูุนูู ุฒู
94
00:08:05,080 --> 00:08:10,960
epidermal skin cells begin to reproduce rapidly
95
00:08:10,960 --> 00:08:18,040
ูุจุตูุฑ ูู ุชูุงุซุฑ ูุฎูุงูุง ุจุดูู ูุจูุฑู ูุฐุง ุจูุนู
ู ุงููู ูู
96
00:08:18,040 --> 00:08:23,320
ุงู skin growth ู ุจูุจูู ุงููู ูู ุจุงูุดูู ุฒู ุงููู ูู
97
00:08:23,320 --> 00:08:29,490
ุงูุตูุฑุฉ ุฏู ุณูุงุก ุชุญุช ุงููุจุถ ุฃู ุนูู ุงููู ูู ุงูุฑูุจุฉ ููุฐุง
98
00:08:29,490 --> 00:08:32,850
ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุง ุจูููู ุจุณุจุจ ุฃูู ูู ุนูุฏู antibodies ุถุฏ ุงู
99
00:08:32,850 --> 00:08:40,110
receptors ููุฐุง ุจูู
ูุน ู
ู ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู...ุงู insulin
100
00:08:40,110 --> 00:08:45,890
ูุจู...ูุฐุง ุจูุคุฏู ุฅูู ุฑูุน ู
ุณุชููุงุช ุงู insulin ูู
101
00:08:45,890 --> 00:08:50,870
ุงูุฌุณู
ูุจุงูุชุงูู abnormal ุงููู ูู skin cell growth
102
00:08:50,870 --> 00:08:55,470
ุจูุฐุง ูู ุญุงู ุฃูู ุงู antibodies ุงุดุชุบูุช ู antagonist
103
00:08:55,960 --> 00:08:59,320
ููู ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุญุงูุฉ ุชุงููุฉ ู
ู
ูู ูุฐู ุงูู Antibodies of
104
00:08:59,320 --> 00:09:03,320
the Receptors ุชุดุชุบู ูู agonists agonists ูุจูู
105
00:09:03,320 --> 00:09:09,260
ูุชุดุชุบู ูุฃูู ุงูุฅูุณูููู ูู ุงูู
ุฑุชุจุท ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐุง
106
00:09:09,260 --> 00:09:17,660
ููุคุฏู ุฅูู ุญุฏูุซ hypoglycemia ุนูุฏ ุงูุดุฎุต ุจู
ุง ูุชุนูู
107
00:09:17,660 --> 00:09:22,520
ุจุงูู Metabolism of Insulin Action ุงูุชุฃุซูุฑุงุช
108
00:09:22,520 --> 00:09:29,320
ุงูู
ุชุนููุฉ ุจุงูุฅูุณูููููุนูู ููุนูุง ู
ุง ุจุงุชุช ู
ุนุฑููุฉ
109
00:09:29,320 --> 00:09:34,260
ูู
ูููู
ุฉ ูุจูู ุงูู metabolic effects ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ ููู
110
00:09:34,260 --> 00:09:39,220
ุนูู ู
ุณุชูู ุงูู molecular mechanism ูููู ุงูู Insulin
111
00:09:39,220 --> 00:09:44,300
ุจูุนู
ู ูุฐู ุงููู ูู ุงูุชุฃุซูุฑุงุช ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ ููุคุฏู ุฅูู ุงูู
112
00:09:44,300 --> 00:09:48,560
different metabolic effects ูุนูู ู
ุง ุฒุงูุช ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅูู
113
00:09:48,560 --> 00:09:56,660
ู
ุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงูููู
ุฃููุฏ ุงูุฎุทูุฉ ุงูุฃูููููู ุงูู Insulinุ
114
00:09:56,660 --> 00:09:59,920
ููู ุงูููุงู
ุจุนู
ููุ ูู ุงูุฅุฑุชุจุงุท ู
ุน ุงูู receptor
115
00:09:59,920 --> 00:10:06,020
ุงูุฎุงุต ููู ุนูู ุงู cell membrane ูุจูู ุจุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู
ุน
116
00:10:06,020 --> 00:10:13,230
specific receptors ุนูู ุงู plasma membraneููุฐุง ุงูู
117
00:10:13,230 --> 00:10:19,850
Insulin receptor ุจุชููู ู
ู ุฃุฑุจุน sub units ูุจุงูุชุงูู
118
00:10:19,850 --> 00:10:25,030
ูู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู hetero tetrameribiana four proteinsุ
119
00:10:25,030 --> 00:10:28,570
four sub units ููุฐู ุงู sub units ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู two
120
00:10:28,570 --> 00:10:36,500
alpha and two beta sub unitsุงูู Alpha subunit is
121
00:10:36,500 --> 00:10:39,260
located on the outer surface of the plasma
122
00:10:39,260 --> 00:10:45,180
membrane and contains the site where insulin binds
123
00:10:45,180 --> 00:10:50,000
ูุฒู ู
ุง ูุถุนูุง ุจูู ุงู figure ุฒู ู
ุง ููููุง ุฃู ุงูู
124
00:10:50,000 --> 00:10:55,460
Alpha subunits ูู ุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุนูู ุงูููุงุก ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌ ู
ู
125
00:10:55,460 --> 00:11:01,000
ุงู receptor ู ูุฐู ุงู subunits ุงููู ุจูุฑุชุจุท ู
ุนูุง ุงู
126
00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:07,230
insulin ู ุงู beta subunitsุนูุง ูุฐุง ุงููู ูู ุงูู
127
00:11:07,230 --> 00:11:10,150
polypeptide ูู ุฌุฒุก ู
ูู ุงููู ูู ุงูู transmembrane
128
00:11:10,150 --> 00:11:17,950
ููู ุนูุง ุฌุฒุก ุงููู ูู ุงูู cytoplasmic domain ูุงุฑุชุจุงุท
129
00:11:17,950 --> 00:11:23,550
ุงูุฅูุณูููู ูุฐุง ูุคุฏู ุฅูู ุญุฏูุซ confirmation change
130
00:11:23,550 --> 00:11:31,450
ุจูู ุงูู beta sub unitsูุงูู Insulin receptor ููุนุชุจุฑ
131
00:11:31,450 --> 00:11:40,430
subfamily ู
ู ุงูู receptor tyrosine kinases ูู
ุง ุฒุงู
132
00:11:40,430 --> 00:11:46,150
ุจูุญูู ุนูู kinase ูุจูู ูุฐุง ุงูู ุงูุจุฑูุชูู ููุนู
ู ุนูู
133
00:11:46,150 --> 00:11:52,540
ุงููู ูู ุงูู phosphorylation ู other proteinsููุฐุง
134
00:11:52,540 --> 00:11:56,260
ูุนูููุง ุงููู ุจูุตูุฑ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงูู Insulin ู
ุน ุงูู Alpha
135
00:11:56,260 --> 00:11:59,140
-subunit ุจูุนู
ู confirmation change ูู ุงูู Beta
136
00:11:59,140 --> 00:12:03,940
-subunits ููุคุฏู ุฅูู auto phosphorylation ูู Beta
137
00:12:03,940 --> 00:12:08,800
-subunits ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐุง ูุคุฏู ุฅูู recruitment ูู
138
00:12:08,800 --> 00:12:13,960
other cytoplasmic proteins to be phosphorylatedุงูู
139
00:12:13,960 --> 00:12:17,320
Phosphorylation ุจูุณุชุฏุนู ุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุฃุฎุฑูุ ููุฐู
140
00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:21,220
ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุงูุฃุฎุฑู ููุตููุง Phosphorylation ุนู ุทุฑูู
141
00:12:21,220 --> 00:12:26,400
ุงููู ูู ุงูู Active Tyrosine Kinase ุงููู ูู ุงูุฎุงุต
142
00:12:26,400 --> 00:12:31,890
ุจุงูู Receptor ูุจูู ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุง ุงูู Phosphorylation
143
00:12:31,890 --> 00:12:37,390
ูู ุงูู ุงูู cytoplasmic domain ูู ุงูู Beta-subunit
144
00:12:37,390 --> 00:12:42,190
ุจูุณุชุฏุนู ุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู ุฒู ุงูู SHC ู ุจูุตููุง
145
00:12:42,190 --> 00:12:47,390
Phosphorylation ู ุนูุฏูุง ุฃูุถูุง ุจุฑูุชูู ุขุฎุฑ ุงููู ูู
146
00:12:47,390 --> 00:12:52,370
ุงูู IRS Insulin Receptor Substrate ูุฐู ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช
147
00:12:52,370 --> 00:12:57,660
ุจูุตููุง Phosphorylationูุจุนุฏ ููู ูุฐู ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช
148
00:12:57,660 --> 00:13:03,780
ุจุชุฑุชุจุท ู
ุน ุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงููCytoplasm
149
00:13:03,780 --> 00:13:12,640
ูุจุชุนู
ูููุง activation ู
ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู ุทุจุนุง ุจุงููููุงูุฉ
150
00:13:12,640 --> 00:13:19,920
ุงููCascade ูุฐุง ุนูุฏูุง ุงูุนุฏูุฏ ู
ู ุงููmetabolic
151
00:13:19,920 --> 00:13:25,340
pathways ุงููู ุทุจุนุง ู
ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงูุฃุณุงุณ ุจูุฌูุฏ ุงูุงูุดููู
152
00:13:25,560 --> 00:13:30,340
ูู
ููุง ุนูุง ุนูู ุณุจูู ุงูู
ุซุงู ุงูู cell growth ู
153
00:13:30,340 --> 00:13:34,140
differentiation ูู ุนูุง ุงููู ูู ุงูู protein
154
00:13:34,140 --> 00:13:37,980
synthesis ูู ุนูุง ุงูู glycogen synthesis ูู ุนูุง
155
00:13:37,980 --> 00:13:44,300
ุงูู
ูุน ููู gluconeogenesis ูุนูุง ุฃูุถุง ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุงูู
156
00:13:44,300 --> 00:13:51,490
lipogenesisุฃูุถูุง ุจุงูุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅูู ุงูู Translocation
157
00:13:51,490 --> 00:13:56,970
ุงููู ุจูุตูุฑ ููุงุญุฏุฉ ู
ู ุงูุจุฑูุชูู ุงูู transporters
158
00:13:56,970 --> 00:14:01,310
ุงูุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงูุฌููููุฒ ุงููุฒูู ูุงูุฌููุชุ ูุนูู ูุฐุง ุงูุจุฑูุชูู
159
00:14:01,310 --> 00:14:07,030
ุจูููู ูู ุฏุงุฎู ุงูู cytoplasm ูู
ุน ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงูุงูุณููู
160
00:14:07,030 --> 00:14:11,110
ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง Translocation ูุจูุจุฏุฃ ุทุจุนูุง ุจูุนู
161
00:14:11,110 --> 00:14:18,150
ุงููู ูู ุงูุจุฑูุชูู ูุณู
ู AKT ูุจูู ูุฐุง ุจูุคุฏู ุฅูู ุญุฏูุซ
162
00:14:18,150 --> 00:14:22,690
Translocation ููุฌููุช ุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูุงูุช ูู ุฏุงุฎู ุงูู
163
00:14:22,690 --> 00:14:27,310
Cytoplasm ูุงุฑุชุจุงุทูุง
164
00:14:27,310 --> 00:14:33,770
ุจุงูู Cell Membrane ููุณู
ุงุญ ุจุฃูุชุฑ ุงูู Glucose ููุฏุฎูู
165
00:14:33,770 --> 00:14:40,430
ุฅูู ุงูุฎููุฉ ูุฐู ุงูู Slider ุงููู ูู ุดุฑูุญ ููููุงู
ุงููู
166
00:14:40,430 --> 00:14:45,500
ุญูููุงู ุจุงูู Slider ุงูุณุงุจู ู
ู ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุงููู ุจูุตููุง
167
00:14:45,500 --> 00:14:51,040
activation ุจุณุจุจ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงูุงูุณูููู ูููุง ุงู ุงูู
168
00:14:51,040 --> 00:14:55,540
Phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase ุงููู ูู ุฏู ุทุจุนุง
169
00:14:55,540 --> 00:15:00,940
ุงูุจุฑูุชูู ุจุชููู ููููุง growth factor receptor bound
170
00:15:00,940 --> 00:15:05,720
ุงูุจุฑูุชูู ุงููู ูู GRP2 ููุฏูู ุงูู two proteins
171
00:15:05,720 --> 00:15:12,780
ุจููุนุจูุง ุฏูุฑ ู
ูู
ูู ููู ุงูู signal ุฅูู ูุนูู ุฏุงุฎู
172
00:15:13,090 --> 00:15:18,550
ุงูุฎููุฉ ุฃูุถูุง ุจุฑุถู ุฃูู ุงูู Signaling Pathway ุขุฎุฑ
173
00:15:18,550 --> 00:15:22,370
ุงููู ุจุฑุถู ู
ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงูู Insulin ุนูู ุงูู
174
00:15:22,370 --> 00:15:26,530
Receptors ุงูู Mitogen Activated Protein ูููุงุฒู
175
00:15:26,530 --> 00:15:31,370
ุงููู ูู ุงูู MAP ูููุงุฒู ู ุงููู ุจูุดุชุบู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงู
176
00:15:31,370 --> 00:15:39,620
activation ููุฑุฃุณ ุฃูุถูุง ุฃู ุงูู PI3 ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุงุจุณูู
177
00:15:39,620 --> 00:15:45,200
activation ู ูู ุจุฏูุฑู ุจูุนู
ู activation ูู AKT ู
178
00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:51,820
ุงูู AKT ุงููู ูู ุจุชูุนุจ ุฏูุฑ ู
ูู
ุฒู ู
ุง ุญูููุง ูู ุงูู
179
00:15:51,820 --> 00:15:57,160
Translocation ุงููู ุจุฏู ูุตูุฑ ูุฌููุช Transporter
180
00:15:57,160 --> 00:16:04,420
ุจุฑูุชูู ููุฐุง ุงูู AKT ุจูุดุชุบู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูู PDK1
181
00:16:06,190 --> 00:16:12,070
ุงู effect ุงููู ูุชูุชุฌ ุจุงูุฎูุงูุง ุฃู ุจุงู tissue ุงููู
182
00:16:12,070 --> 00:16:17,390
ููุฑุชุจุท ููู ุงู insulin ู
ู
ูู ูููู ูููุง ุจุนุถ ุงูุงุฎุชูุงู
183
00:16:17,390 --> 00:16:22,090
ูุจูู ู
ู tissue ูุขุฎุฑ ู
ู
ูู ูููู ูููุง ุจุนุถ ุงูุงุฎุชูุงู
184
00:16:22,090 --> 00:16:28,910
ุงููู ูู ูุงุชุฌ ุนู ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู insulin ุจูุฐู ุงู cells
185
00:16:28,910 --> 00:16:33,790
ุนูู ุณุจูู ุงูู
ุซุงู ุนูุฏูุง enescalatal muscle and
186
00:16:33,790 --> 00:16:37,680
adipose tissueุงูู AKT ุชููู
ุจุชุญุฑูู ุงูู glucose
187
00:16:37,680 --> 00:16:43,180
transporter GLUT4 ูู
ุง
188
00:16:43,180 --> 00:16:48,160
ููุชุ ุงูู glucose transporter GLUT4 ูููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู
223
00:19:52,100 --> 00:19:57,120
ุงูู Sodium ุชู
ุงู
ูุงุ ู ุฃูุถูุง ุจูุนู
ู ุนูู ุฏุฎูู ุงูู
224
00:19:57,120 --> 00:20:02,420
Glucose ูู ููุณ ุงูููุช ุฅูู ุฏุงุฎู ุงูุฎูุงูุงุ ุฒู ุงูุฎูุงูุง
225
00:20:02,420 --> 00:20:04,860
ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุจุงูุฃู
ุนุงุกุ ุนูู ุณุจูู ุงูู
ุซุงูุ ูู ุงูู
226
00:20:04,860 --> 00:20:08,940
Enterocytesุ ู ุงูุฐู ูููู ุนู ุทุฑูู ู
ุง ููุชู
227
00:20:08,940 --> 00:20:13,720
ุจูุตูุฑ ููู ุฃูู absorption ููู Glucose ู ุฏุฎููู ุฅูู
228
00:20:13,720 --> 00:20:17,740
ุฏุงุฎู ุฎูุงูุง ุงูุฃู
ุนุงุกุ ุงููู ูู ุงูู Enterocytes
229
00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:28,700
ุงูู SGLT ุชุฏูุน ุชุญุฑูุฑ ุงูุฌููููุฒ ู ุงูุฌุงูุงูุชูุฒ ู
ู ุงููู
ุน ุงูุตุบูุฑ
230
00:20:28,700 --> 00:20:36,440
ูุงูุชุนุงุฏู ู
ู ุงูุฏู
ุ ูู ุงููู
ุนุ ูุจูู ูู
ุงู ุงูู SGLT
231
00:20:36,440 --> 00:20:41,420
ุจุฑุถู ุจุชูุนุจ ุฏูุฑ ูู ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูู Reabsorption ู
ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู
232
00:20:41,420 --> 00:20:44,900
ูุฌููููุฒุ ุจุนุฏ ู
ุง ุชุตูุฑ ุนูุฏูุง ุงููู ูู ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูู
233
00:20:44,900 --> 00:20:50,840
filtrationุ ู ุจูุฏุฎู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ุถู
ู ุงูููุชุฑุงุชุ ูู
ุง ูุญู
234
00:20:50,840 --> 00:20:54,240
ุนุงุฑูููุ ูู ุฃูู ุฌุฒุก ู
ู ุงูู tubules ุงููู ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู
235
00:20:54,240 --> 00:20:57,140
proximal convoluted tubulesุ ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง
236
00:20:57,140 --> 00:21:03,620
Reabsorption ูููู
ูุฉ ุงูุฃูุจุฑ ุฃู ูุฃุบูุจ ุงูู Glucose
237
00:21:03,620 --> 00:21:08,340
ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูููุชุฑุงุชุ ู ุงูุฐู ููุนุจ ุฏูุฑ ูู ูุฐู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ
238
00:21:08,340 --> 00:21:12,540
ุงูู Reabsorptionุ ูู ุจุฑุถู ุงูู SGL2
239
00:21:12,540 --> 00:21:17,900
ุจุฑูุชููุฒุ ูุฐุง ุงูููุน
240
00:21:17,900 --> 00:21:22,220
ุงูุซุงูู ู
ู ุงูู Transporters ูู ุงููู ูู ุงูู Glut
241
00:21:22,220 --> 00:21:26,460
family of membrane proteins that are encoded by
242
00:21:26,460 --> 00:21:38,660
the SLC2 genesุ ูุนูุฏูุง ุนุฏุฏ ูุนูู ู
ู ูุฐู ุงูู proteins ู
ู
243
00:21:38,660 --> 00:21:44,940
ุงููู ูู Glut 1 ูุบุงูุฉ Glut 14ุ ูุชู
ุชุณู
ูุชูู
ูุนูู
244
00:21:44,940 --> 00:21:49,920
ุจูุงุกู ุนูู ููุช ุงูุชุดุงููู
ุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ู Glut 1 ูุนูู ูู
245
00:21:49,920 --> 00:21:56,900
ูุฐุง ุฃูู protein ุชู
ุงูุชุดุงูู ูู ูุฐู ุงูุนุงุฆูุฉุ ูุชู
246
00:21:56,900 --> 00:22:01,760
ุชูุณูู
ูุฐู ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุฅูู ุซูุงุซุฉ ุฃูุณุงู
ุจุนุฏ ุฐููุ ุฒู ู
ุง
247
00:22:01,760 --> 00:22:04,000
ุงุญูุง ุดุงููููุ ูู ุนูุฏูุง class oneุ ูู ุนูุฏูุง class
248
00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:08,400
twoุ ููู ุนูุฏูุง ุงููู ูู class threeุ ูุฐู ุงูุชูุณูู
ุฉ
249
00:22:08,400 --> 00:22:13,400
ุชู
ุช ุจูุงุกู ุนูู ุงูู sequence similaritiesุ ูุจูุงุกู
250
00:22:13,400 --> 00:22:19,380
ุนูู ุงููู ูู ุงูุชุดุงุจู ูู ุงูุฎุตุงุฆุต ููุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ
251
00:22:22,100 --> 00:22:26,260
ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ ูุนูู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉุ ุฒู ู
ุง ูู ูุงุถุญ ุญุงูููุง
252
00:22:26,260 --> 00:22:30,680
ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูู Tableุ ููู tissues ู
ุฎุชููุฉุ ูุนูู ุฃู ุงูู
253
00:22:30,680 --> 00:22:33,660
Glut1ุ ุนูู ุณุจูู ุงูู
ุซุงูุ ุงููู ูู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจุงูู
254
00:22:33,660 --> 00:22:37,800
Erythrocyteุ ุงูู Brainุ Blood-Brain Barrierุ Fetal
255
00:22:37,800 --> 00:22:41,300
Tissuesุ Glut2 ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู Liver ู Beta Cells of
256
00:22:41,300 --> 00:22:45,200
the Pancreasุ Glut4ุ Skeletal Muscle ู Cardiac
257
00:22:45,200 --> 00:22:48,480
Muscleุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุจูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ ู
ู ูุฐู
258
00:22:48,480 --> 00:22:52,860
ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู tissues ู
ุฎุชููุฉุ ูู
ู
ูู ููุงูู ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู
259
00:22:52,860 --> 00:23:01,270
ููุน ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ููุณ ุงูู tissueุ ูุจุนุถ ูุฐู ุงูุฃููุงุน ู
ู
260
00:23:01,270 --> 00:23:07,550
ุงูู protein ุงููู ูู ุงูู Glut ุจููุนุจ ุฏูุฑ ุบูุฑ ุงููู
261
00:23:07,550 --> 00:23:13,530
ูู ู
ูุถูุน ููู ูู Glucoseุ ุฒู ุฃู ุงูู Glut 9 ุงููู ูู
262
00:23:13,530 --> 00:23:18,300
transports Ureaุ ุนูุฏูุง ุนูู ุณุจูู ุงูู
ุซุงู ุงููู ูู "Glut
263
00:23:18,300 --> 00:23:24,260
-13"ุ ูุฐุง transporter myo-inositolุ ุงููู ูู
264
00:23:24,260 --> 00:23:29,000
ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ูุนูู tissues ุฒู ุงูู Brain ูุงูู adipose
265
00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:35,200
tissueุ ูุจูู ุฃุบูุจ ูุฐู ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ู
ุณุฆููุฉ ุนู ููู ุงูู
266
00:23:35,200 --> 00:23:41,000
Glucoseุ ููู ุนูุฏูุง ุฒู ู
ุง ุดููุง ุงูุจุนุถ ู
ููุง ุจูููู
267
00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:42,360
ู
ูุงุฏ ุฃุฎุฑู
268
00:23:46,070 --> 00:23:49,510
ูุฐู transporters ุชู
ุชุณู
ูุชูุง ู
ู Glut-1 ุฅูู Glut-14
269
00:23:49,510 --> 00:23:55,390
ุจูุงุกู ุนูู ุชุฑุชูุจ ุงูุชุดุงููุงุ 11 ู
ููุง
270
00:23:55,390 --> 00:24:02,410
ุฃูุธูุฑ ุฃููุง ุชููู ุงูุฌููููุฒุ ููุฐูู ุงููุซูุฑ
271
00:24:02,410 --> 00:24:07,470
ู
ููุง ูููู ุฃูุถูุง ุณูุฑูุงุช ู
ุซู Galactose, Fructose,
272
00:24:07,930 --> 00:24:14,310
Mannose ู Xyloseุ ูู
ุซุงู ุนูู ูุฐู ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุงููู
273
00:24:14,310 --> 00:24:19,310
ุจุชุนู
ู ุนูู ููู ุงูุฌููููุฒุ ูู ุญูููุง ุนูู Glut4ุ when
274
00:24:19,310 --> 00:24:23,150
circulating insulin concentrations are low, most of
275
00:24:23,150 --> 00:24:26,630
the Glut4 is localized in intracellular
276
00:24:26,630 --> 00:24:30,810
compartmentsุ ูุจูู ูู
ุง ูููู ุนูุฏูุง ู
ุณุชููุงุช ุงูุงูุณูููู
277
00:24:30,810 --> 00:24:35,830
ู
ูุฎูุถุฉุ ุจู
ุนูู ุฃูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู glucose
278
00:24:35,830 --> 00:24:40,020
concentration ูู ุงูุฏู
ุถู
ู ุงูู Reference
279
00:24:40,020 --> 00:24:43,860
Interval ุฃู ุถู
ู ูุนูู ุงูู Reference Rangeุ ูุจูู
280
00:24:43,860 --> 00:24:47,400
ุจูููู ุฃู ุงูู Glucose Transporter ุงููู ูู ู
ุซููุง
281
00:24:47,400 --> 00:24:53,240
ู
ุซููุง Glut4ุ ุจูููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุฏุงุฎู ุงูู Cytoplasm ูู
282
00:24:53,240 --> 00:24:57,420
ุฏุงุฎู ุงูุฎููุฉุ ุจูููู ู
ุด ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุนูู ุงูู cell membrane
283
00:24:57,420 --> 00:25:00,960
ูุจูู Localized in Intracellular compartments and
284
00:25:00,960 --> 00:25:08,310
is inactiveุ ููู ุจุนุฏ ู
ุง ุงูุฅูุณุงู ุจูุชูุงูู ุงูุทุนุงู
ุ ู
285
00:25:08,310 --> 00:25:12,330
ุงููู ูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ููู carbohydratesุ ูุจูู ุจูุจุฏุฃ ูุตูุฑ
286
00:25:12,330 --> 00:25:19,410
ูููุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุงูุณููููุ ู ุฒู ู
ุง ุดููุง ุจุงูู
287
00:25:19,410 --> 00:25:24,570
figure ุงูุฎุงุต ุจุงูู
ููุงูุฒู
ุ ู
ู ุถู
ู ุงูู mechanisms ุงููู
288
00:25:24,570 --> 00:25:30,910
ุจูููู
ูููุง ุงูุงูุณูููู ูู ุงูู Activation ูู AKTุ ููู
289
00:25:30,910 --> 00:25:37,410
ู
ุณุคูู ุนู ุญุฏูุซ Translocation ูู Glut4 ููู plasma membrane
290
00:25:37,410 --> 00:25:42,630
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุฏุฎูู ูู
ูุงุช ุฃูุจุฑ ู
ู ุงูุฌููููุฒ into skeletal
291
00:25:42,630 --> 00:25:50,510
muscle and fatุ ุงูุงูุณูููู ูุฏูุน ุงูุฌููููุฒ ููุชูุงุตู ุฅูู
292
00:25:50,510 --> 00:25:54,250
ุงูู muscleุ ูููู ู
ููุงุฑููุง ูู ุงูู Type 2
293
00:25:54,250 --> 00:25:58,450
Diabetes Mellitusุ ูููู ุงูู
ููุงููุฒู
ูู
ูุชู
ุฅุตูุงุญูุ
294
00:25:58,450 --> 00:26:02,430
ููุฐุง ู
ู ุงูู
ุดููุงุช ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
Type
295
00:26:02,430 --> 00:26:05,860
2 Diabetes Mellitusุ ุฃูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู Insulin
296
00:26:05,860 --> 00:26:09,780
Stimulated Glucose Transportุ ุงููู ูู ุฒู ู
ุง ุญูููุง
297
00:26:09,780 --> 00:26:12,360
ุฃูู ุงูู Translocation ุงููู ุจุชุตูุฑ ููู
298
00:26:12,360 --> 00:26:15,900
Transportersุ ู ุงููู ุจุชุณู
ุญ ุจุฏุฎูู ูู
ูุงุช ูุจูุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงูู
299
00:26:15,900 --> 00:26:20,880
Glucoseุ ูุฐู ุจูุตูุฑ ูููุง ู
ุดููุฉ ุนูุฏ ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
300
00:26:20,880 --> 00:26:24,520
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitusุ ููุฐุง ุงููู ุจูุคุฏู ุฅูู ุทุจุนูุง
301
00:26:24,520 --> 00:26:28,880
ุงูู Hyperglycemiaุ ู ุงูุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงููู ูู ูู ุงูู Glucose
302
00:26:28,880 --> 00:26:33,180
ุงููุจูุฑ ุงููู ุจูุตูุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุชูุงูู ุงููุฌุจุงุช
303
00:26:36,140 --> 00:26:40,380
ุงููุฑู
ูู ุงูุขุฎุฑ ุงูุฃุณุงุณู ุงููู ุจููุนุจ ุฏูุฑ ูู ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูู
304
00:26:40,380 --> 00:26:46,460
Regulation ููุฌููููุฒุ ูู ุงูู Glucagonุ ูู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู
305
00:26:46,460 --> 00:26:52,320
29-Amino Acid Polypeptideุ ูุจูุชู
ุฅูุฑุงุฒู ู
ู ุฎูุงูุง
306
00:26:52,320 --> 00:26:56,820
ุชุณู
ู ุงูู Alpha cellsุ ููุฐู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู Islets of
307
00:26:56,820 --> 00:27:04,370
Langerhans ูู ุงูุจููุฑูุงุณุ ุงูู Glucagon ุฃูุถูุง ูููุฑุฒ
308
00:27:04,370 --> 00:27:10,530
ุฃู ุจูุชู
ุชุตููุนู ุจู cellosynthesis ูู ุตูุฑุฉ ุบูุฑ ูุนุงูุฉุ Pro
309
00:27:10,530 --> 00:27:18,140
-Glucagonุ ูุจุนุฏ ุฐูู ุจูุตูุฑ ููู ุชูุนูู ููุฐุง
310
00:27:18,140 --> 00:27:22,640
ุงูุจุฑูุชููุ ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงูู Pro-Hormone Convertase-II
311
00:27:22,640 --> 00:27:27,860
ุงููู ุจูููู
ุจุชูุณูู
ุฌุฒุก ู
ู ุงูู Pro-Glucagonุ ูุจูุชุญูู
312
00:27:27,860 --> 00:27:33,100
ุฅูู Active-Glucagonุ Major target organ for
313
00:27:33,100 --> 00:27:37,960
glucagon is the liverุ ูุงุญูุง ุนุงุฑููู ุฅูู ุงูู Glucagon
314
00:27:37,960 --> 00:27:43,600
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู hyperglycemic agentุ ูุจูู ูู ุจูุนู
ู ุนูู ุฑูุน
315
00:27:43,600 --> 00:27:53,280
ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ูู ุญุงูุฉ ุงูุตูุงู
ุ ูุจูู
316
00:27:53,280 --> 00:27:57,660
ูู ุงููุจุฏุ ุงูู glucagon ุจูุฑุชุจุท ูููุน ู
ู ุงูู
317
00:27:57,660 --> 00:28:01,660
receptors ุงููู ูุณู
ู G-protein coupled receptor
318
00:28:03,400 --> 00:28:08,720
ุงูุฐู ููุนุจุฑ ุนูู ุจุดููู ุนุงูู ูู ุงููุจุฏุ ูุงูููุจุ ูุนูู ุฃูู
319
00:28:08,720 --> 00:28:14,400
ู
ุฏู ูู ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃุฎุฑูุ ู
ุซู ุงููููููุ ุงูุจููุฑูุงุณุ ู ุงูุฏู
ุงุบ
320
00:28:14,400 --> 00:28:20,420
ุงูุนููู. ุงูุฌูููุงุฌูู ููุญูุฒ ุชุญููู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงููุจุฏ
321
00:28:20,880 --> 00:28:24,840
ุจุดููู ุฑุฆูุณู ุนู ุทุฑูู Glucogenolysisุ ูุฐู ุงูุนู
ููุงุช
322
00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:28,820
ุงููู ุจูุดุชุบู ู
ู ุฎูุงููุง ุงูุฌูููุงุฌูู ูุงููู ุจูุนู
ู ุนูู
323
00:28:28,820 --> 00:28:32,500
ุฑูุน ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ูู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุฃููู
324
00:28:32,500 --> 00:28:35,660
Glucogenolysisุ ุงููู ูู ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุชูุณูุฑ ุงููู ุจุชุตูุฑ
325
00:28:35,660 --> 00:28:42,400
ููู Glycogen ุงููู ุชู
ุชุฎุฒูููุ ูุฃูุถูุง ูุจูู ุฅูุชุงุฌ
326
00:28:42,400 --> 00:28:48,180
ูุฌููููุฒ ู
ู ุงููู ูู ุงูู Glycogen storesุ ูุฃูุถูุง ุจุฑุถู
327
00:28:48,180 --> 00:28:52,090
ููู Gluconeogenesisุ ุงููู ูู production of
328
00:28:52,090 --> 00:28:56,470
glucose from non-carbohydrate sourcesุ ุจูุฐู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ุจุฑุถู
329
00:28:56,470 --> 00:29:03,670
ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ุจุชุชู
ุจู activationุ ูุจุฑุถู ูู ููุณ ุงูููุช ููุง
330
00:29:03,670 --> 00:29:07,890
ุนู
ููุฉ ุงููู ูู ุงูุชุฎุฒูู ููุฌููููุฒ ุจุชููู ุจู inhibition
331
00:29:07,890 --> 00:29:11,690
ุจูุฐู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ glucogenesis ุจุชููู ุจู inhibitionุ ูุฃู ุงุญูุง ููุง
332
00:29:11,690 --> 00:29:17,130
ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅูู ุฑูุน ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงูุฏู
333
00:29:19,720 --> 00:29:23,220
ุงูู Glucagon secretion is regulated primarily by
334
00:29:23,220 --> 00:29:27,420
plasma glucose concentrationsุ ุจูุญุณุจ ู
ุณุชูู
335
00:29:27,420 --> 00:29:31,700
ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ุฅุฐุง ุงูุฎูุถ ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงูุฏู
336
00:29:31,700 --> 00:29:37,460
ุนู 70ุ ูููู ููุง ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง stimulation ููู
337
00:29:37,460 --> 00:29:41,160
alpha cells ูู ุงูุจููุฑูุงุณุ ุนุดุงู ุชุนู
ู release
338
00:29:41,160 --> 00:29:42,580
ููุฌูููุงุฌูู
339
00:29:44,380 --> 00:29:47,700
with low and high plasma glucose being stimulatory
340
00:29:47,700 --> 00:29:52,220
and inhibitory respectivelyุ ููู
ุง ูููู ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู
341
00:29:52,220 --> 00:29:56,360
plasma glucose ู
ูุฎูุถุฉุ ูุจูู ุฏู ุจูุนู
ู stimulation ูู
342
00:29:56,360 --> 00:30:01,480
ุงูู release of glucagonุ ููู ูู ูุงู ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู plasma
343
00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:06,190
glucose ู
ุฑุชูุนุฉุ ู
ุนูุงุชู ุญูุตูุฑ ููู ูู ูุฐู
344
00:30:06,190 --> 00:30:10,250
ุงูุญุงูุฉ Release ููู Insulinุ ู ุงููู ููุนู
ู Inhibition
345
00:30:10,250 --> 00:30:15,030
ุนูู ุงูู Alpha Cellsุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ููููู ู
ู ุฅูุฑุงุฒ
346
00:30:15,030 --> 00:30:19,590
ุงูู Glucagonุ Long-standing diabetes mellitus impairs
347
00:30:19,590 --> 00:30:24,110
the glucagon response to hypoglycemiaุ ููุฐู ู
ุดููุฉ
348
00:30:24,110 --> 00:30:30,790
ู
ู ุงูู
ุดููุงุช ุงููู ู
ู
ูู ุชููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุนูุฏ ุงููุงุณ ุงููู
349
00:30:30,790 --> 00:30:37,630
ุนูุฏูู
diabetesุ ูุงููู ุจุชุคุฏู ุฅูู ุญุฏูุซ Hypoglycemia
350
00:30:37,630 --> 00:30:42,810
ูุจูู ุงูู Longstanding Diabetes Mellitus ุจูุฃุซุฑ ุนูู
351
00:30:42,810 --> 00:30:49,010
ุงูู Glucagon response to Hypoglycemiaุ ูุจูู ุงูู
ูุฑูุถ
352
00:30:49,010 --> 00:30:52,310
ุฅุญูุง ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุงุ ุฅูู ูู ุตุงุฑ ูููุง ุงูุฎูุงุถ ููุฌููููุฒ ุนู
353
00:30:52,310 --> 00:30:56,210
70 ู
ููุฌุฑุงู
per deciliterุ ูุจูู ู
ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุงูู
ูุฑูุถ ูุตูุฑ
354
00:30:56,210 --> 00:31:01,150
ููู release ููู Glucagonุ ููู ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุฅุตุงุจุฉ
355
00:31:01,150 --> 00:31:05,430
ููุชุฑุฉ ุทูููุฉ ุจู Diabetes Mellitusุ ูุฐุง ููุฃุซุฑ ุนูู
356
00:31:05,430 --> 00:31:10,910
ูุฐู ุงูุนู
ููุฉุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐุง ููุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงูู Hypoglycemic
357
00:31:10,910 --> 00:31:12,050
episodes
358
00:31:15,550 --> 00:31:19,530
ุจู
ุง ูุชุนูู ุจุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
Type 1 diabetes
359
00:31:19,530 --> 00:31:27,410
mellitusุ ูู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูุฃุจุญุงุซ ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉุ ูุฌุฏ ุฃู ุงููู
360
00:31:27,410 --> 00:31:29,770
ูู ุงูู response ุฃู ุงูู glucagon response
361
00:31:29,770 --> 00:31:37,130
ูู Hypoglycemia ู
ู
ูู ูุญุฏุซ ูู ูุชุฑุฉ ูุตูุฑุฉุ ูููุงุณ ุงููู
362
00:31:37,130 --> 00:31:40,880
ุนูุฏูู
Type 1 diabetes mellitusุ ุทุจุนูุงุ ูุจูู ู
ู
ูู
363
00:31:40,880 --> 00:31:46,300
ูุฐู ุชุญุฏุซ ูู ูุชุฑุฉ ูุตูุฑุฉุ ูุนูู ู
ู
ูู ุชุญุฏุซ ูู ูุชุฑุฉ ุงููู
364
00:31:46,300 --> 00:31:52,380
ูุง ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ู
ูู ุดูุฑ ุฃู ุดูุฑููุ ู
ู
ูู ูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง
365
00:31:52,380 --> 00:31:58,340
ููู ู
ุดููุฉ ุงูู Glucagonุ ุฃู ุงููู ูู ุงูุฎูุงุถ ูู
366
00:31:58,340 --> 00:32:02,520
ุงูู Glucagon response to hypoglycemiaุ ุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐุง
367
00:32:02,520 --> 00:32:09,680
ูููุง ุฅูู ุจูุนู
ู ู
ู
ูู ู
ุดููุฉุ ูู
ู
ูู ูุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงููู ูู
368
00:32:09,680 --> 00:32:14,360
ุญุฏูุซ ุงูู hypoglycemia episodesุ ู ูุคูุงุก ุงูู
ุฑุถู
369
00:32:14,360 --> 00:32:19,340
Stressุ exerciseุ ู amino acids induce glucagon
370
00:32:19,340 --> 00:32:24,040
releaseุ ูุฐู ูููุง ุฃููุฏ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅูู ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู
371
00:32:24,040 --> 00:32:29,840
ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุฌููููุฒุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูููุง ุจุชุนู
ู ุนูู ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุงูู
372
00:32:29,840 --> 00:32:33,940
release of glucagonุ ุทูุจ ุงูู stressุ ุงูู exerciseุ ูุญู
373
00:32:33,940 --> 00:32:37,300
ู
ุชูููู ุฃู ูุฐู ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅูู ุงูุฌููููุฒ
374
00:32:37,300 --> 00:32:40,140
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุจุฏูุง Glucagon releaseุ ุทูุจ ุงูู amino acids
375
00:32:40,140 --> 00:32:45,900
ูุนูู ุงูู
ูุฑูุถ ุงูู amino acidsุ ุฃู
ุชู ุจุชุตูุฑ ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู
376
00:32:45,900 --> 00:32:48,240
ุงูุฏู
ุ ุฃู ุชุฒูุฏ ุงูู concentration ูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ุจุนุฏ ุชูุงูู
377
00:32:48,240 --> 00:32:52,980
ูุฌุจุฉุ ุทูุจ ููุด ุจูู ููุงุ ุงููุฌุจุฉ ุจุฏู ูุฑุชูุน ุนูุฏูุง
378
00:32:52,980 --> 00:32:56,120
ุงูู Glucagonุ ู
ุน ุฃูู ุงูู
ูุฑูุถ ุฃูู ูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง
379
00:32:56,120 --> 00:33:01,400
ุงูุฎูุงุถุ ูุงููู ูุฑุชูุน ูู ุงูู Insulinุ ููุนูููุง
380
00:33:01,400 --> 00:33:07,740
ุงูู Insulin ุจูุฑุชูุนุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ููู ุจุฑุถู ุงูู Amino Acids
381
00:33:07,740 --> 00:33:15,570
ุจุชุนู
ู ุนูู ุฑูุน ุงูู Glucagonุ ููุฐู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ูุนูู ูููุง
382
00:33:15,570 --> 00:33:21,290
ุชูุงุฒูุ ูู
ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจู glucose concentrationุ ูู
ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
383
00:33:21,290 --> 00:33:27,570
ุจุงูู Insulin ุฃูุถูุงุ ูุฃู ุงุญูุง ุนูุฏูุง ุงูุฌุณู
ุงูุขู ุจุนุฏ
384
00:33:27,570 --> 00:33:31,870
ุชูุงูู ูุฌุจุฉุ ุตุงุฑ ูููุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ุงูู Amino Acidsุ ุตุงุฑ
385
00:33:31,870 --> 00:33:36,350
ูููุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ุงูุฌููููุฒุ ุตุงุฑ ูููุง ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ููุงูุณูููู
386
00:33:36,350 --> 00:33:40,210
ูุงูุงูุณูููู ุจุฏุฃ ูุฎูุถ ู
ู ู
ุณุชููุงุช ุงูุฌููููุฒ ุจุงูุฏู
ุ ูุจูู
387
00:33:40,210 --> 00:33:44,550
ุงุญูุง ู
ุง ููุฏุฑุด ุฃู ูููู ุนู
ู ุงูู Alpha cells
388
00:33:44,550 --> 00:33:48,630
ูู
ุง ููููุด ูููุง Glucagon ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ูุฃู ูุฐุง ู
ู
ูู
389
00:33:48,630 --> 00:33:52,750
ูุคุฏู ุฅูู ุญุฏูุซ Hypoglycemiaุ ูุนูู ูุฐู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ุจูุตูุฑ
390
00:33:52,750 --> 00:33:57,110
ูููุง ุชูุงุฒูุ ูุจูุจุฏุฃ ูุตูุฑ ูููุง ูุนูู Release ููู
ูุงุช
391
00:33:57,520 --> 00:34:02,580
ุจุณูุทุฉ ู
ู ุงูู Glucagonุ ุนุดุงู ูู
ูุน ู
ู ุญุฏูุซ
392
00:34:02,580 --> 00:34:09,040
ุงูู Hypoglycemiaุ ุงูุงูุณูููู ูุซุจุท ุฅุทูุงู ุงูู Glucagon ู
ู
393
00:34:09,040 --> 00:34:13,360
ุงูุจููุฑูุงุณุ ููููู ุฅุทูุงู ุงูู Glucagon ูู ุงููุจุฏ.
394
00:34:13,360 --> 00:34:17,920
ุจู
ุฌุฑุฏ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุจููุณูุชูุฒุงุชูุง ุฒู ู
ุง ุญูููุง ูุจู ุดููุฉุ
395
00:34:17,920 --> 00:34:22,000
ูููุง ุฅู ุงูุงูุณูููู ุจูุนู
ู Inhibition ุนูู ุงูู Alpha
396
00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:29,090
cellsุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุจูู
ูุน ุงูู glucagon releaseุ ููุฐุง
397
00:34:29,090 --> 00:34:33,490
ุจูููู ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงููู ูู ุฎูุถ ุงูู glucagon gene
398
00:34:33,490 --> 00:34:41,110
expression ูู ุฎูุงูุง ุงูู alpha cellsุ increase
399
00:34:41,110 --> 00:34:44,350
in glucagon concentrations secondary to insulin
400
00:34:44,350 --> 00:34:47,
445
00:38:26,930 --> 00:38:34,350
ุงูู GLP-1 ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุฃู
ุงูู ู
ุฎุชููุฉุ ูู
ุด ููุท ูู ุงูุจููุฑูุงุณ
446
00:38:34,350 --> 00:38:40,550
ูุจูู widely expressed ูุจุชูุนุจ ุฏูุฑ ู
ูู
ูู
447
00:38:40,550 --> 00:38:45,210
ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูู regulation ูุชุฑููุฒ ุงูุฌููููุฒ ู
ู
448
00:38:45,210 --> 00:38:51,670
ุฎูุงู ู
ููุงููุฒู
ุฒ ู
ุฎุชููุฉุ ูู
ู ุถู
ู ูุฐู ุงูู
ููุงููุฒู
ุฒ ุฃู
449
00:38:51,670 --> 00:38:55,930
ููุงู inhibition of glucose production and food
450
00:38:55,930 --> 00:39:02,500
intake. ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุจูู ู
ู ุถู
ู ุงููู ูู ุงูู .. ุงูู
451
00:39:02,500 --> 00:39:04,560
mechanismsุ ุทุจุนุง ุฒู ู
ุง ุญูููุช ุฃูุง ุณุงุจูุงุ ูุฅูู ุจูุฒูุฏ
452
00:39:04,560 --> 00:39:10,780
ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงูุฅูุณููููุ ููู ุจุฑุถู ุจูู
ูุน ู
ู ุงู glucose
453
00:39:10,780 --> 00:39:15,580
production ูุจูู
ูุน ุจุฑุถู ุฃู ุจูููู ู
ู
ูู ู
ู ุงู
ุชุตุงุต glucose
454
00:39:15,580 --> 00:39:22,080
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูููู ู
ู food intakeุ ุนุดุงู ููู ุงูู GLP-1
455
00:39:22,080 --> 00:39:26,020
analogues are generating interest in the treatment
456
00:39:26,020 --> 00:39:31,800
of type 2 diabetes. ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุฃุฏููุฉุ ููุฐู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู
457
00:39:31,800 --> 00:39:37,800
GLP-1 Analogs. ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุจูุบูุฑ ุฃูู ู
ู
ูู ุชุนู
ู release
458
00:39:37,800 --> 00:39:41,920
ููุฅูุณููููุ ููู ุจุฑุถู ุจุชููู ู
ู ุฅูุชุงุฌ ุงูุฌููููุฒ
459
00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:50,240
ูุฃูุถุง ุจุชููู ู
ู ุงู
ุชุตุงุตู. ููู ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฏููุฉ ูุนูู ุชู
ู
460
00:39:50,240 --> 00:39:55,240
ุฅูุชุงุฌูุงุ ูุญุตูุช ุนูู ุงูู Approval ู
ู ุงูู Food and
461
00:39:55,240 --> 00:40:00,580
Drug Administration ูุฅุณุชุนู
ุงููุง ู
ุน ู
ุฑุถู Type 2
462
00:40:00,580 --> 00:40:02,440
Diabetes Mellitus
|