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ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู…ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุจุนู†ูˆุงู†
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Enumeration of Coliform, Fecal Coliform, and
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Escherichia Coli in Foods ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Total
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ColiformุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Escherichia ColiุŒ ุงู„ู€ KlebsiellaุŒ
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ูˆุงู„ู€ EnterobacterุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ Citrobacter ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ู€ Fecal
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Coliform ุจุชุถู… ุงู„ู€ Escherichia ColiุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€
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Klebsiella Members of two bacteria groupsุŒ ุงู„ู€
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Coliform ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fecal Coliform are used as
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indicators ุงู„ุฃุซู†ุงู† ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡ู… ูƒ indicator ุฅูŠุด
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ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ indicator organism whose number in a
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product reflects the success or failure of GMP ู…ู†
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ number ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุจู†ุนุฑู ู‡ู„ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุฒุงู…
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ุจู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ุธุงูุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ุงู„ food ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡
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ูƒู€Indicator of possible sewage contamination ู…ู†
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ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ู… ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€food ู…ู„ูˆุซ ุจู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุตุฑู
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ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ุทูŠุจุŒ ุดูˆ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ
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ุจุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€coliform
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ูˆ ุงู„ู€fecal coliform ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก
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ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆ ู„ู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุทูŠุจุŒ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุซู†ูŠู†
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู€feces ุฃูˆ ู…ุน
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ุงู„ู€ stool ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุจูŠู‡ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ
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ูุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ูุญุตู†ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ููˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ู„ุงู‚ูŠู†ุง ููŠู‡
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ุงู„ู€ total coliform ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ fecal coliform ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููˆุฏ ูƒุงู† ู…ู„ูˆุซ ุจุงู„ู€ stool because they are
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commonly found in human and animal feces ุทูŠุจุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
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ู‡ูˆ ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ indicator organism whose number in
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products reflect the success or failure of GMP ู„ูˆ
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ุณุฃู„ุช ุณุคุงู„ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€Fecal Bacteria IndicatorsุŸ
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ยซFecalยป ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู€Stool
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ูˆIndicator ุจุชุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ยซFailureยป ุฃูˆ ยซSuccessยป ู„ู„ู€GMP
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชูˆุชุฑ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠูุงุฑู…ุŒ ยซFecalยป ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠูุงุฑู…
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ูˆุงู„ุฅุดุฑูŠุดูŠุง ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑูˆูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุทูŠุจ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุฃูˆู„
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ููŠู†ุง ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Enterobacteriaceae ุฃู‡ู… ูŠู…ูŠุฒ
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ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฌุฑุงู… ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ุฃูˆุจุง ุณู„ุงูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง
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ุจูŠู† ุฌุฑุงู…ุณุชูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุญู…ุฑ ูˆุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ
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ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุตูˆูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุญูƒูˆุง
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ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุฑูˆุจูŠู† ุญุณุจ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุฌุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ููŠู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ Fermentation ู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฒ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง
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ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Fermentation
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ู„ุงู„ู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฒ ูุณู…ูˆู‡ lactose fermenter ูˆุฌุฒุก ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุง
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ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Fermentation ู„ุงู„ู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฒ ุณู…ูˆู‡ non-lactose
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fermenter ู†ุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Lactose Fermenter ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฃู†
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ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠูุงุฑู… ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนู…ู„ Fermentation ู„ุณูƒุฑุŒ
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ุงู„ู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุตูุฉ ุนู†
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ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠูุงุฑู… ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Gram Negative ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุตู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ Fermentation
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ู„ุงู„ู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฒ ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุนู…ู„
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Fermentation ู„ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุณูƒุฑ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ู‡ acid ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€
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Lactose Fermenter ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‘ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
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ุชุนู…ู„ Fermentation ู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฒ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ู‡ acid
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with gas ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ acid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ุจูŠุชุด ูˆ
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ุจุบูŠุฑ ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ media ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุบุงุฒ ุทูŠุจุŒ
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ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ู…ุดุงู† ูŠุทู„ุน ุฃูˆ ู…ุดุงู† ุฃู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุงู„ media ู‡ู„ ุจุฏู‡ุง
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ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุฌุงุฑุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ solid ูƒูŠู ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ู…ู† ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง
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solidุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุง ุจู†ูุนุŒ ูู„ุญุชู‰ ุฃู„ุงุญุธ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† Fermentation ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ lactose ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
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ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุงู„ู€ broth ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุนุŒ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
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ุดูƒู„ bubbles ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ุฎู„ุงุต ุจุฎุชููŠ ุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ
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ุฃู„ุงุญุธ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุงู„ู€ bubbles ู‡ุงูŠุŸ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฅุชูŠูˆุจ
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ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏุฑู‡ู… ุฅุชูŠูˆุจ ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ
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ุฅุชูŠูˆุจ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€medium broth ูˆ ุฃุญุท ููŠู‡ ุนูŠู†ุชูŠ
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ุดูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจุญุท ุงู„ุฏุฑู‡ู… ุฅุชูŠูˆุจ ุจุงู„ุดู‚ู„ูˆุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ููˆู‡ุฉ
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ุจุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุชูŠูˆุจ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุญุทู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ tube
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ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ incubator ูˆุจุณุชู†ู‰ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูุชุฑุฉ ุฅุฐุง
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ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฌูˆุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ Fermentation ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู„ูƒุชูˆุฒ
66
00:04:32,180 --> 00:04:38,240
ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ู‡ ุดูˆ ุบุงุฒุŒ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
67
00:04:38,240 --> 00:04:44,390
ุดูƒู„ bubbles ูˆุจู†ุญุฌุฒ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‡ุงู… ุงู„ tube ุชู…ุงู… ูƒู…ุงู†
68
00:04:44,390 --> 00:04:49,770
ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ู€ Total Coliform ุฅู†ู‡ุง non-spore
69
00:04:49,770 --> 00:04:54,030
forming ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุจูˆุงุบ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ
70
00:04:54,030 --> 00:04:59,010
ูƒู…ุงู† Aerobic or facultative anaerobic ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ
71
00:04:59,010 --> 00:05:03,770
ุฅุฌุจุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจุŒ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
72
00:05:03,770 --> 00:05:09,810
ุนู„ู‰ Non-Lactose Fermenter ุจุชุถู… ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุชุถู…
73
00:05:09,810 --> 00:05:15,070
ุงู„ุณู„ู…ูˆู†ูŠู„ุง ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุฌูŠู„ุง ูˆุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูˆุณ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง Most commonly
74
00:05:15,070 --> 00:05:18,850
used indicator for drinking water waste water
75
00:05:18,850 --> 00:05:22,330
treatment ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ Total coliform ู„ุดูˆ
76
00:05:22,330 --> 00:05:26,650
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู…ุดุงู† ุฃุดูˆู drinking water ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑุจ ู‡ู„
77
00:05:26,650 --> 00:05:31,710
ู‡ูŠ ุตุงู„ุญุฉ ู„ู„ุดุฑุจ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ุจุฑูˆุญ ุฃุฏูˆุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ total
78
00:05:31,710 --> 00:05:35,630
coliform ุจุดูˆู ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ ูˆู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุถู…ู† ุงู„
79
00:05:35,630 --> 00:05:39,470
range ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทุชู‡ ู„ standard ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
80
00:05:39,470 --> 00:05:43,080
ุบูŠุฑ ุตุงู„ุญุฉ for human consumption ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู€
81
00:05:43,080 --> 00:05:46,680
wastewater treatment ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ู…
82
00:05:46,680 --> 00:05:51,040
ูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ู‡ูŠุดูˆููˆุง ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุตุงู„ู‡ุง
83
00:05:51,040 --> 00:05:54,500
ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃูˆ ู„ุณู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒุฑูŠุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠ
84
00:05:54,500 --> 00:05:59,560
ูˆู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุตุงู„ุญุฉ ู„ู€ ุงู„ุฑูŠุก ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุฏูˆุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰
85
00:05:59,560 --> 00:06:03,040
ุงู„ู€ total coliform ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง gas production during
86
00:06:03,040 --> 00:06:07,760
lactose fermentation within 48 hours at 37 Celsius
87
00:06:07,760 --> 00:06:12,570
ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ total coliform ุจุชุนู…ู„ Fermentation ู„ู€
88
00:06:12,570 --> 00:06:18,110
Lactose ู„ูƒู† ู‚ุฏู‘ูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ temperature ูˆู‚ุฏู‘ูŠุด
89
00:06:18,110 --> 00:06:21,750
ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ time ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุดูŠ ุจูŠุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
90
00:06:21,750 --> 00:06:25,610
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Total Coliform ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€
91
00:06:25,610 --> 00:06:28,770
Fecal Coliform ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Time ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Temperature
92
00:06:28,770 --> 00:06:32,510
ู„ู€ Incubation ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Total Coliform ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„
93
00:06:32,510 --> 00:06:37,510
Fermentation ุฃูˆ ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ู‡ ุฌุงุฒ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ 48 hour
94
00:06:37,510 --> 00:06:41,550
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€
95
00:06:41,550 --> 00:06:45,630
Incubator Total coliform include a wide variety of
96
00:06:45,630 --> 00:06:48,970
bacteria ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ Total coliform ุจุชุถู… ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆุงุณุนุฉ
97
00:06:48,970 --> 00:06:52,310
ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง Escherichia coli ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ
98
00:06:52,310 --> 00:06:55,290
ุฅู„ู‰ a broad spectrum of other bacteria ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
99
00:06:55,290 --> 00:06:58,170
ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุถู… ุงู„ู€ Klebsiella ุฃูˆ
100
00:06:58,170 --> 00:07:03,840
ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฑูˆุจูƒุชุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฑูˆุจูƒุชุฑ Escherichia coli is a species
101
00:07:03,840 --> 00:07:07,700
found in the lower gastrointestinal tract ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
102
00:07:07,700 --> 00:07:11,580
ุงู„ู€GIT ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
103
00:07:11,580 --> 00:07:14,560
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰
104
00:07:14,560 --> 00:07:17,720
ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€feces ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ
105
00:07:17,720 --> 00:07:23,020
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ many vertebrates ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠุงุช and is
106
00:07:23,020 --> 00:07:26,880
indicative of fecal contamination ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฅุดุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ
107
00:07:26,880 --> 00:07:31,360
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€food ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€drinks ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰
108
00:07:31,360 --> 00:07:37,010
fecal contamination ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Total
109
00:07:37,010 --> 00:07:41,850
Coliform ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Fecal Coliform ู‡ูŠ subset of
110
00:07:41,850 --> 00:07:46,330
Total Coliform ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Total ูุงู„ู€ Fecal
111
00:07:46,330 --> 00:07:50,750
Coliform ุจุชุถู… ูู‚ุท ุงู„ูƒู„ุจุณูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฅุดุฑูŠุดูŠุง ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ are
112
00:07:50,750 --> 00:07:54,490
more fecal specific in origin ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ุงู‡ู…
113
00:07:54,490 --> 00:08:00,310
ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Fecal Coliform
114
00:08:00,310 --> 00:08:04,270
ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ organism ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู€
115
00:08:04,270 --> 00:08:08,150
Halo Group more fecal specific in origin ูู‚ุท
116
00:08:08,150 --> 00:08:11,150
ุจุชุชูˆุงุฌุฏ ุจุงู„ู€ feces ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅุญู†ุง ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†
117
00:08:11,150 --> 00:08:16,450
ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ู‡ูŠูƒ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Fecal Coliform able to ferment
118
00:08:16,450 --> 00:08:19,310
lactose ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฒูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ Total ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง
119
00:08:19,310 --> 00:08:22,670
ุชุนู…ู„ Fermentation ู„ู„ู€ lactose ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุณุฃู„ุช ุดูˆ ู‡ูŠ
120
00:08:22,670 --> 00:08:27,260
ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ู€ Fecal Coliform ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู€ Gram
121
00:08:27,260 --> 00:08:32,260
Negative ุจุตู„ูŠุฉ Lactose fermenter produce acid with
122
00:08:32,260 --> 00:08:36,600
gas non-spore forming aerobic or facultative
123
00:08:36,600 --> 00:08:40,520
anaerobic ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฅุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Total
124
00:08:40,520 --> 00:08:43,980
Coliform ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ media ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
125
00:08:43,980 --> 00:08:48,540
ุฃู†ู…ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ
126
00:08:48,540 --> 00:08:50,460
ุงู„ temperature ูˆุงู„ time ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„
127
00:08:50,460 --> 00:08:54,430
incubation ูุงู„ููŠูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ุงุฑุจุทูˆู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
128
00:08:54,430 --> 00:09:01,270
ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 44.5 ุณูŠู„ูŠุฒูŠุงุณ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ุฃู…ุง
129
00:09:01,270 --> 00:09:06,710
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ 37 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุณูŠู„ูŠุฒูŠุงุณ
130
00:09:06,710 --> 00:09:10,750
include Escherichia coli and Klebsiella which are
131
00:09:10,750 --> 00:09:15,110
exclusively fecal in origin ูู‚ุท ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
132
00:09:15,110 --> 00:09:20,650
ุจุงู„ููŠุณุฒ ู„ู‡ูŠูƒ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ููŠูƒู„ ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… fecal coliform are
133
00:09:20,650 --> 00:09:24,050
still being used in many states as the indicator
134
00:09:24,050 --> 00:09:27,830
bacteria ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูŠูˆู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู„ุงุช
135
00:09:27,830 --> 00:09:31,390
ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู€fecal coliform ูƒindicator ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
136
00:09:31,390 --> 00:09:36,930
ุจูŠุนุจุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ success or failure ู„ู„ GMB
137
00:09:36,930 --> 00:09:40,710
ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุดุฑูŠุดูŠุง ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ is a type of fecal
138
00:09:40,710 --> 00:09:44,230
coliform ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ููŠูƒู„ ุจุชุถู…ู† ุงู„ุงุดุฑูŠุดูŠุง ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ
139
00:09:44,230 --> 00:09:48,530
ูˆ ุงู„ุฅูƒู„ูŠุจุณูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุทุงู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุงุดุฑูŠุดูŠุง ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ููŠูƒู„
140
00:09:48,530 --> 00:09:52,210
ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุคุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Fecal Contamination ูŠุนู†ูŠ
141
00:09:52,210 --> 00:09:57,250
ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูู‚ุท ุจุงู„ู€ feces ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
142
00:09:57,250 --> 00:10:00,070
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ intestine of warm-blooded animals and
143
00:10:00,070 --> 00:10:03,350
humans ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุฐูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญุงุฑ ู…ู†
144
00:10:03,350 --> 00:10:09,070
ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ intestine ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูู‚ุท
145
00:10:09,070 --> 00:10:13,150
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ stool The presence of Escherichia coli
146
00:10:13,150 --> 00:10:16,470
in water is a strong indication of recent sewage
147
00:10:16,470 --> 00:10:21,030
or animal waste contamination ุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ
148
00:10:21,030 --> 00:10:25,610
ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ food ุฃูˆ ุงู„ drink ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ูˆุซ
149
00:10:25,610 --> 00:10:30,290
ุจุงู„ููŠุณุณ ุนู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจุŒ ู…ุคุฎุฑุง ุตุงุฑุŒ recentlyุŒ ู…ุด ู…ู† ูุชุฑุฉ
150
00:10:30,290 --> 00:10:36,330
ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ู€ Enterococci ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุจุน ู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€
151
00:10:36,330 --> 00:10:39,870
EnterobacteriaceaeุŸ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู„ุฃ ู…ุง ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€
152
00:10:39,870 --> 00:10:43,030
Enterobacterias ูˆู…ุง ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ูŠููˆุฑูˆู… ุฎุงู„ุต ุงู„ู€
153
00:10:43,030 --> 00:10:47,130
Enterococci ู‡ูŠ subgroup within the fecal
154
00:10:47,130 --> 00:10:49,850
streptococcus ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู„ู„ู€ fecal
155
00:10:49,850 --> 00:10:53,370
streptococcus group ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ู€ streptococcus ุชูุนุชุจุฑ
156
00:10:53,370 --> 00:10:58,210
ุฌุฑุงู… ุจูˆุฒูŠุชูŠู ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† strept ูŠุนู†ูŠ
157
00:10:58,210 --> 00:11:00,890
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ูƒุฑูˆูŠ
158
00:11:00,890 --> 00:11:04,470
streptococcus ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ Enterobacteriaceae ุงู„ุฌุฑุงู…
159
00:11:04,470 --> 00:11:07,990
ู†ูŠุฌุงุชูŠู ูุงู„ู€ Entero ู…ุง ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€
160
00:11:07,990 --> 00:11:14,210
Enterobacteriaceae ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุฅู†ุชูŠุฑูˆูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑูˆู†
161
00:11:14,210 --> 00:11:17,470
ุจุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุญุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู„
162
00:11:17,470 --> 00:11:21,130
ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุฅู†ุชูŠุฑูˆูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡
163
00:11:21,130 --> 00:11:26,350
ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุญุฉุŒ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนูŠุด ููŠ ุจูŠุฆุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ
164
00:11:26,350 --> 00:11:29,430
and in this respect they more closely mimicุŒ
165
00:11:29,430 --> 00:11:33,950
ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุดุจู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ pathogens ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€
166
00:11:33,950 --> 00:11:38,270
indicators ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุดุจู‡ ุดุบู„ุงุช ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู†
167
00:11:38,270 --> 00:11:41,150
ู†ุชูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ูˆู…ู†ููŠูƒุง ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุดุจู‡
168
00:11:41,150 --> 00:11:44,910
ู…ูŠู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ู…ูˆ ููŠ ุจูŠุฆุฉ
169
00:11:44,910 --> 00:11:48,870
ููŠู‡ุง high concentration of salt ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู€
170
00:11:48,870 --> 00:11:52,550
Staph Aureus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ MSA ู…ู† ู†ุชูˆู„ Salt
171
00:11:52,550 --> 00:11:56,490
Agar ุฅู†ุชูŠุฑูˆูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ are typically more human
172
00:11:56,490 --> 00:11:59,310
specific than the larger ููŠ ูƒู„ ุณุชุฑุจุชูˆูƒูˆูƒุงุณูŠ
173
00:11:59,310 --> 00:12:03,170
group ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‘ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู„ุงู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑุฑูˆูƒูˆูƒุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ food ุฃูˆ
174
00:12:03,170 --> 00:12:08,970
ุงู„ู€ drink ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ ูู‚ุท ู…ู„ูˆุซ ุจุงุณุชูˆู„ ุขุฏู…ูŠ ูู‚ุท ุงุณุชูˆู„
175
00:12:08,970 --> 00:12:14,790
ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู„ุงู‚ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ู„ูˆุซ
176
00:12:14,790 --> 00:12:19,410
ุจุงู„ุณุชูˆู„ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† human ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู† ู„ .. ู„ animals ู„ูƒู†
177
00:12:19,410 --> 00:12:24,390
ุงู„ุชู„ูˆุซ ู‡ุงุฏ ุตุงุฑ recently ู…ุคุฎุฑุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ ููŠูƒุงู„ ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู…
178
00:12:24,390 --> 00:12:31,270
ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ู„ูˆุซ ุจุงู„ููŠุณุณ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ Enterococci ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
179
00:12:31,270 --> 00:12:36,650
ู…ู„ูˆู‘ุซ ุจู€ feces ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ
180
00:12:36,650 --> 00:12:39,270
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
181
00:12:39,270 --> 00:12:43,710
Enterobacteriaceae ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู‚ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
182
00:12:43,710 --> 00:12:46,930
ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Total Coliform ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Total ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ููŠ
183
00:12:46,930 --> 00:12:49,850
ุฃุตุบุฑ ุจุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Fecal Coliform ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠูƒู„ ูุฃุฎุฏู†ุง
184
00:12:49,850 --> 00:12:52,430
ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Escherichia coli ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Escherichia coli
185
00:12:52,430 --> 00:12:55,070
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุนูŠู†ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‡ู…ู†ุง Escherichia
186
00:12:55,070 --> 00:12:57,310
coli O157H7
187
00:12:58,440 --> 00:13:02,340
Sources of coliform bacteria ูˆูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ
188
00:13:02,340 --> 00:13:06,100
ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู…ุŸ Intestine of warm-blooded animals ุจู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง
189
00:13:06,100 --> 00:13:09,960
ููŠ ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุฐูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญุงุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃูˆ ู…ู†
190
00:13:09,960 --> 00:13:14,340
ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช Soil and vegetation ุจู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุจุฉ ุฃูˆ
191
00:13:14,340 --> 00:13:18,960
ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ On-site sewer system
192
00:13:18,960 --> 00:13:22,600
and sewer line leaks ููŠ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุตุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ุตุญ ูˆููŠ ุฃูŠ
193
00:13:22,600 --> 00:13:27,490
ุชุณุฑูŠุจุงุช Agriculture waste runoff ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู†
194
00:13:27,490 --> 00:13:32,870
ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุนุฉ Surface water ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ Flooded water
195
00:13:32,870 --> 00:13:36,870
ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุฌุงุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ Ground water ู‡ูŠ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุขุจุงุฑ
196
00:13:36,870 --> 00:13:43,630
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู† ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… and ููŠู‡ ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… have no
197
00:13:43,630 --> 00:13:48,200
taxonomic validityุŒ ุงู„ุฃุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุณู…ูŠุงุช ู…ุง
198
00:13:48,200 --> 00:13:51,700
ุจุชู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช coliform ุฃูˆ fecal coliform ุงู„ู„ูŠ
199
00:13:51,700 --> 00:13:55,020
ุจูŠู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ู…ุชู‰ุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠู„ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูŠ
200
00:13:55,020 --> 00:13:58,360
ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูุญุตูŠู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ total coliform ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ
201
00:13:58,360 --> 00:14:01,500
ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูุญุตูŠู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ fecal coliformุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท ููŠ ุจุงู„ูŠ
202
00:14:01,500 --> 00:14:04,060
ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฅุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ fecal coliform ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ total
203
00:14:04,060 --> 00:14:08,760
coliform ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุชู„ุงุช ุดุบู„ุงุช therefore are only
204
00:14:08,760 --> 00:14:12,420
meaningful ุจุชู‡ู…ู†ูŠ when expressed in terms of the
205
00:14:12,420 --> 00:14:15,400
analytical test parameters of ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„
206
00:14:15,400 --> 00:14:19,700
high ูุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช high ููŠ ุงู„ู€ media ุงู„ู€ media ุงู„ู„ูŠ
207
00:14:19,700 --> 00:14:23,320
ุจุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ู„ู„ู€ total coliform ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุชุฎู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ููŠูƒ
208
00:14:23,320 --> 00:14:26,340
ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ time and temperature
209
00:14:26,340 --> 00:14:29,860
of incubation ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ููŠูƒ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง
210
00:14:29,860 --> 00:14:34,960
ุฃุฑุจุน ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆู†ุต ุณูŠู„ูŠุฒูŠุง ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุฃุฑุจุน ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
211
00:14:34,960 --> 00:14:39,540
ุณุงุนุฉ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠูุงุฑู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ 7 ุฃูˆ 30
212
00:14:39,540 --> 00:14:45,060
ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 48 ุณุงุนุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ presence of indicator
213
00:14:45,060 --> 00:14:48,800
organism in food ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ indicator
214
00:14:48,800 --> 00:14:53,080
organism ููŠ ุฃูŠ food ุฃูˆ drink ูู‡ุฏ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†
215
00:14:53,080 --> 00:14:58,860
ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ุฅู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† inadequate processing ุฃูˆ post
216
00:14:58,860 --> 00:15:00,020
processing contamination
217
00:15:03,450 --> 00:15:07,970
ุฅู…ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ failure ู„ู„ู€ GMP ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡
218
00:15:07,970 --> 00:15:12,830
ุงู„ุชุฒุงู… ุจู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ุธุงูุฉ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุชุญุถูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ food ุงู„ุดุบู„
219
00:15:12,830 --> 00:15:16,330
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจูŠุงู„ growth ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒุงู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
220
00:15:16,330 --> 00:15:20,050
ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุชูƒุชุฑ
221
00:15:20,050 --> 00:15:24,950
ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุฒุงุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
222
00:15:24,950 --> 00:15:29,290
ุญุทุชู‡ ุงู„ู€ standard ููˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ indicator organism ุฅู…ุง
223
00:15:29,290 --> 00:15:32,930
ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ูƒุงููŠ ูˆู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ู†ุธุงูุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉ
224
00:15:32,930 --> 00:15:37,790
ุฃูˆ ุฅู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ microbial growth the presence of
225
00:15:37,790 --> 00:15:40,750
coliform ููŠูƒุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… and aerogenic escherichia
226
00:15:40,750 --> 00:15:43,410
coli ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ escherichia coli ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… aerogenic ู‡ูŠ
227
00:15:43,410 --> 00:15:47,710
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุบุงุฒุŒ gas forming ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู€ food
228
00:15:47,710 --> 00:15:51,570
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ water may be determined by means of MPN
229
00:15:51,570 --> 00:15:56,850
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ most probable number ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุณู†ุฃุฎุฐู‡ ุฅู†
230
00:15:56,850 --> 00:16:02,950
ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ููƒุฑุชู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ุชูŠ
231
00:16:02,950 --> 00:16:08,430
ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง serial dilution ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ
232
00:16:08,430 --> 00:16:13,010
ู„ุฃู„ู ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุนุดุฑ ุฃู„ู ูˆู‡ุงูƒุฐุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฎููŠู
233
00:16:13,010 --> 00:16:18,090
ุจุญุทู„ู‡ ุฎู…ุณ ุงุชูŠูˆุจุงุช ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจุญุทู„ู‡ ุฎู…ุณ
234
00:16:18,090 --> 00:16:23,100
ุงุชูŠูˆุจุงุช ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ media ูˆูƒู„ู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ
235
00:16:23,100 --> 00:16:29,000
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุจุญุทู„ู‡ ุฎู…ุณ ุงุชูŠูˆุจุงุช ูˆููŠู‡ media ูˆูƒู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ
236
00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:33,120
ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ูˆู‡ุงูƒุฐุง ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนูƒุฑุฉ ูƒู„
237
00:16:33,120 --> 00:16:37,400
ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนูƒุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ู†ู…ูˆ ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ
238
00:16:37,400 --> 00:16:42,420
ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠ ุฅู†
239
00:16:42,420 --> 00:16:46,220
ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุทูŠุจ ู…ุชู‰ ุจู„ุฌุฃ ู„ู„ู€ MPNุŸ ูˆู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ qualitative
240
00:16:46,220 --> 00:16:50,550
or quantitativeุŸ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ quantitative ุจู„ุฌุฃู„ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง
241
00:16:50,550 --> 00:16:54,370
ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ liquid ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
242
00:16:54,370 --> 00:17:00,550
ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆู„ู…ุง ุฃุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ุจุงู„ู€ slide ู‡ุงุฏ
243
00:17:00,550 --> 00:17:06,130
ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชู„ุช ู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุช ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุซ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง
244
00:17:06,130 --> 00:17:14,550
ุฃุฌุงุฑ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุซ LST ูˆ BGLP ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฅุชู†ูŠู†
245
00:17:14,550 --> 00:17:23,100
ุจุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ู… ู…ุดุงู† ุฃูƒุดู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ู€ EC E broth
246
00:17:23,100 --> 00:17:26,840
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุดุฑูŠุดูŠุง ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ E broth ุจุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ุฃูƒุดู ุนู†
247
00:17:26,840 --> 00:17:34,080
ุงู„ููŠูƒุงู„ ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ู„ุญุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุชู…ุงู… LST ูˆ BGLP ู„ุฅุชู†ูŠู†
248
00:17:34,080 --> 00:17:39,380
ู„ุชูˆุชุงู„ ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฅุฎุชู„ุงู ุจูŠู† LST ูˆ BGLP
249
00:17:39,380 --> 00:17:44,560
ุจู‚ูˆู„ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ LST ูŠุนุชุจุฑ screening test or presumptive
250
00:17:44,560 --> 00:17:51,290
test ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ BGLP ูŠุนุชุจุฑ confirmatory test for
251
00:17:51,290 --> 00:17:57,050
coliform ุงู„ู€ EC ูŠุนุชุจุฑ confirmatory ู„ู€
252
00:17:57,050 --> 00:18:04,130
ุงู„ููŠูƒุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ LST ุงุณู…ู‡ุง layer of
253
00:18:04,130 --> 00:18:09,810
sulfate tryptose ุงู„ู€ media ู‡ุงูŠ ุดูˆ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ููŠู‡ุง ุณูƒุฑ
254
00:18:09,810 --> 00:18:16,770
ุงู„ู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ู„ูˆู† ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง BH indicator ุงู„ู„ูŠ
255
00:18:16,770 --> 00:18:21,210
ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ media high
256
00:18:21,210 --> 00:18:25,010
ุงู„ู€ broth ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนุทู‰ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ fermentation
257
00:18:25,010 --> 00:18:30,550
ุทุจุนุง ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุบุงุฒ ู…ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู„ุงุญุธู‡ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุง
258
00:18:30,550 --> 00:18:34,910
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ู„ุฅู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ media ู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง pH
259
00:18:34,910 --> 00:18:37,690
indicator ุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡
260
00:18:37,690 --> 00:18:41,070
fermentation ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ุจุชุนู…ู„ fermentation
261
00:18:41,070 --> 00:18:45,130
ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุนู‡ุง acid with gas ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ media ุฅุจุฑุช ูุจู‚ุฏุฑ
262
00:18:45,130 --> 00:18:49,310
ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู„ุงุญุธ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู„ู„ุบุงุฒ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฏุฑู‡ุงู…
263
00:18:49,310 --> 00:18:55,050
ุงุชูŠูˆุจ ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„ุฏุฑู‡ุงู… ุฅุชูŠูˆุจ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ูˆุจ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
264
00:18:55,050 --> 00:18:59,330
incubation ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ูˆุงุญุชุฌุงุฒู‡ ููŠู‡
265
00:18:59,330 --> 00:19:03,170
ุงู„ุฏุฑู‡ุงู… ุฅุชูŠูˆุจ Gas production is used as an
266
00:19:03,170 --> 00:19:06,050
indication of ability to ferment lactose from
267
00:19:06,050 --> 00:19:09,410
layer of sulfate triptose broth ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ
268
00:19:09,410 --> 00:19:13,230
present ููŠ ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… test ุทูŠุจุŒ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง
269
00:19:13,230 --> 00:19:16,330
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง confirmatory ู„ู„ู€ Total
270
00:19:16,330 --> 00:19:22,890
Coliform ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Brilliant Green Lactose 2% By
271
00:19:22,890 --> 00:19:27,580
Breath ุงู„ู€ Green ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
272
00:19:27,580 --> 00:19:31,580
ู„ูˆู† ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ุนู…ู„ุช
273
00:19:31,580 --> 00:19:35,940
fermentation ู„ู„ูƒุชูˆุฒ ู‡ู„ุงุญุธู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุบูŠุฑ ู„ู„ูˆู†
274
00:19:35,940 --> 00:19:39,540
ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅุจ ุฑูˆุซ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
275
00:19:39,540 --> 00:19:43,700
ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู„ุงุญุธ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฏุฑู‡ู… ุงู„ู€
276
00:19:43,700 --> 00:19:47,510
Etio ู‡ูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ is considered confirmation of
277
00:19:47,510 --> 00:19:52,030
coliform presence ุชู…ุงู… ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ EC broth ุงุดุชุฑูŠ
278
00:19:52,030 --> 00:19:55,250
ุดูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ ุจุฑูˆุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ confirmatory ุชุณู„ุง ู„ููŠูƒุง
279
00:19:55,250 --> 00:20:01,170
ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ุบุงุฒ ุงู„ู€ production at 44.5 ุฃูˆ 45 ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
280
00:20:01,170 --> 00:20:04,270
ุงู„ููŠูƒุงู„ ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ูˆู†ุต
281
00:20:04,270 --> 00:20:10,890
ูุจุญุทู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ 44 ุฃูˆ ู†ุต ุฃูˆ 45 ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ
282
00:20:10,890 --> 00:20:20,490
ู‡ูŠ ูƒูุชุฑุฉ incubation ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุงู„ุบุงุฒ ุทูŠุจ
283
00:20:20,490 --> 00:20:24,050
ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุณุทุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุฃุฌุงุฑ
284
00:20:24,050 --> 00:20:32,770
ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ EMB Eosin Y Methylene Blue Media Eosin Y
285
00:20:32,770 --> 00:20:37,150
ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ู‡ุงูŠ ููŠ ู…ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุตุจุบุฉ ุงู„ู€ Eosin Y
286
00:20:37,150 --> 00:20:41,810
ู‡ุงูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ acidic ูุจุชุตุจุบ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู€ basic ุทูŠุจ ุดูˆู ููŠ
287
00:20:41,810 --> 00:20:47,010
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุดูŠุก basic ุงู„ุณูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู… Eosin Y
288
00:20:47,010 --> 00:20:53,790
ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุตุจุบุฉ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู‚ุจู„ูˆุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ
289
00:20:53,790 --> 00:20:57,730
ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ู†ุงู…ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ media
290
00:20:57,730 --> 00:21:01,880
ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุดุฉ ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠ ุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุดุฉ ูƒูˆู„ุงูŠุŸ ุจุชุนู…ู„ Amide
291
00:21:01,880 --> 00:21:07,080
-bond ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุตุจุบุชูŠู† ุทูŠุจ ู„ู…ุง .. ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎู„ุท
292
00:21:07,080 --> 00:21:11,800
ุงู„ุตุจุบุชูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู„ูˆู† ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู…ุน ู„ูˆู† .. ู…ุน ู„ูˆู† ุฃุฒุฑู‚
293
00:21:11,800 --> 00:21:17,740
ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู„ูˆู† ุฃุฎุถุฑ ู„ุงู…ุน ูุจู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู„ูˆู† green
294
00:21:17,740 --> 00:21:22,200
metallic sheen ู„ูˆู† ุฃุฎุถุฑ ู„ุงู…ุน ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ู…ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
295
00:21:22,200 --> 00:21:25,720
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ู‡ูŠ Escherichia coli ูƒูŠู ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ู€
296
00:21:25,720 --> 00:21:29,860
Escherichia coli ุนู…ู„ุช Amide-bond ุฑุจุทุฉ ุงู„ุตุจุบุชูŠู† ู…ุน
297
00:21:29,860 --> 00:21:35,710
ุจุนุถ ุทูŠุจุŒ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ู†ุงู…ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจู‚
298
00:21:35,710 --> 00:21:42,010
Enterobacter ุดูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŸ ุจุชุฑุณุจ ุงู„ุตุจุบุชูŠู†
299
00:21:42,010 --> 00:21:46,410
ููŠ ู†ุต ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆู†ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ูƒู„ูˆู†ูŠุฒ ู„ู„ู€ Enterobacter
300
00:21:46,410 --> 00:21:50,730
ููƒุฑุชู‡ุง ุฃู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุฑุณุจ ุงู„ุตุจุบุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต
301
00:21:50,730 --> 00:21:56,110
ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ูƒู„ูˆู†ูŠ ุฌูˆุงู‡ุง ู„ูˆู† dark purple ุฃูˆ ู„ูˆู†
302
00:21:56,110 --> 00:22:01,370
pink ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง Enterobacter ุดูˆ ุนุงู…ู„ุงุช
303
00:22:01,370 --> 00:22:03,810
ุงู„ู€ precipitation ู„ู„ู€ dyes ููŠ ุงู„ู€ center of
304
00:22:03,810 --> 00:22:08,870
colonies ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุดูˆ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠุŸ ุงู„ู€ typical
305
00:22:08,870 --> 00:22:13,310
colonies on E&P agar must be confirmed by further
306
00:22:13,310 --> 00:22:18,310
biochemical test ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุธู‡ุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ุฃูˆ
307
00:22:18,310 --> 00:22:22,030
ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู€ purple ู…ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃุญูƒูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงุต
308
00:22:22,030 --> 00:22:25,210
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู† ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠ Escherichia coli ุฃูˆ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ Enterobacter
309
00:22:25,210 --> 00:22:29,350
ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุนู…ู„ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Biochemical
310
00:22:29,350 --> 00:22:33,830
Test to prove the presence of Escherichia coli
311
00:22:33,830 --> 00:22:38,510
ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Membrane Filter Test ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุดุฑุญุช ู„ูƒู…
312
00:22:38,510 --> 00:22:42,730
ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง High Gradient Magnetic Filter
313
00:22:42,730 --> 00:22:48,390
ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ุง filter paper magnetic ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุบู†ุงุทูŠุณ ูƒู…ุงู†
314
00:22:48,390 --> 00:22:54,130
ููƒุฑุชู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุฌุฃ ู„ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนูŠู†ุฉ liquid
315
00:22:54,130 --> 00:22:58,930
ูˆุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู„ู…ุง ุฃูƒูˆู† ุจุฃุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠูุงุฑ
316
00:22:58,930 --> 00:23:03,590
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ two beakers ูˆุงุญุฏ ููˆู‚ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุชุญุช
317
00:23:03,590 --> 00:23:07,330
ุจูŠู†ุงุชู‡ู… ู…ุบู†ุงุทูŠุณ ุฃูˆ filter paper ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
318
00:23:07,330 --> 00:23:11,550
ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ููŠ ู…ุถุฎุฉ ุจุชุดูุท ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุจูƒูˆู† ุญุงุทุฉ ููŠู‡
319
00:23:11,550 --> 00:23:14,990
ุนูŠู†ุชูŠ ูุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
320
00:23:14,990 --> 00:23:19,870
ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ liquid ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุฅู†
321
00:23:19,870 --> 00:23:23,650
ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ู‡ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู…ุดุงู†
322
00:23:23,650 --> 00:23:27,730
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูุฃู‚ู„ ุดูŠุก ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† 100
323
00:23:27,730 --> 00:23:35,190
ู…ู„ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ cup ุณุงุนุชู‡ ูู‚ุท 50 ู…ู„ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒุจุงูŠู†
324
00:23:35,190 --> 00:23:42,830
ู‚ุจู„ 50 ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุจุณ ู‡ุงู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ 100 ู…ู„ ุชู…ุงู… ุญุทูŠุช ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ
325
00:23:42,830 --> 00:23:49,100
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ baker ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุง ุดุบู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุถุฎุฉ ูˆุจู‡ูŠูƒุตุงุฑ ูŠุดูุท
326
00:23:49,100 --> 00:23:53,460
ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุชู†ุฒู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ pores ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุซู‚ูˆุจ
327
00:23:53,460 --> 00:23:56,900
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ filter paper ุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุถู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡
328
00:23:56,900 --> 00:24:00,600
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุง ุชู†ุฒู„ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุซู‚ูˆุจุŸ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… filter
329
00:24:00,600 --> 00:24:04,160
paper ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ pores ุฃูˆ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู€ pores ู„ู„ู€
330
00:24:04,160 --> 00:24:09,720
filter paper ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุญุฌู… ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูุงู„ู„ูŠ
331
00:24:09,720 --> 00:24:13,340
ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุงุญ ุชู†ุฒู„ ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุชุถู„ู‡ุง
332
00:24:13,340 --> 00:24:18,300
ู…ุญุจูˆุณุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุซู‚ูˆุจ ุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„ู€ filter paper ู„ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง
333
00:24:18,300 --> 00:24:27,810
ุงู„ุซู‚ูˆุจ 45 ู…ู† 100 ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆ ู…ุชุฑ ุชู…ุงู… ู†ุฒู„ุช ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ
334
00:24:27,810 --> 00:24:31,830
ุถู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ filter paper ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู…
335
00:24:31,830 --> 00:24:37,370
forceps ู…ุนู‚ู… ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู…ู„ู‚ุงุช ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุขุฎุฐ ุงู„ู€
336
00:24:37,370 --> 00:24:41,410
filter paper ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุจุฃุฒุฑุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุจู‚
337
00:24:41,410 --> 00:24:44,310
ููŠู‡ media ูˆุจุนู…ู„ู‡ incubation ุจุงู„ู€ time ูˆุจุงู„ู€
338
00:24:44,310 --> 00:24:47,470
temperature ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจูŠู† ู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ microorganism ุงู„ู„ูŠ
339
00:24:47,470 --> 00:24:51,290
ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฒุฑุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุฃุฎู„ุต ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€
340
00:24:51,290 --> 00:24:54,750
incubation ุจุฑูˆุญ ุฃุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ colonies ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
341
00:24:54,750 --> 00:24:58,910
filter paper ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ ุฏุงุช The membrane
342
00:24:58,910 --> 00:25:02,210
filtration method involves filtering several
343
00:25:02,210 --> 00:25:04,670
different size portions of sample using filters
344
00:25:04,670 --> 00:25:08,630
with a standard diameter and pore size ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃู†
345
00:25:08,630 --> 00:25:12,430
ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… filter paper ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ุง ุญุฌู… ุจูˆุฑ
346
00:25:12,430 --> 00:25:16,750
ู…ุนูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุตุบุฑ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ู† ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง Placing each
347
00:25:16,750 --> 00:25:20,370
filter on a selective nutrient media ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุท ุงู„ู€
348
00:25:20,370 --> 00:25:23,710
filter ู‡ุงุฏ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง Selective ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ู…ูŠ ูู‚ุท
349
00:25:23,710 --> 00:25:26,610
ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… ูˆุชุนู…ู„ Inhibition ู„ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุซุงู†ูŠ ุบูŠุฑ
350
00:25:26,610 --> 00:25:31,210
ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑู… Incubating the plates at a specified
351
00:25:31,210 --> 00:25:34,030
temperature for a specified time period ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุฏูŠ
352
00:25:34,030 --> 00:25:37,030
ุฃุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ media ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุชุญุช time ูˆ
353
00:25:37,030 --> 00:25:41,430
temperature ู…ู†ุงุณุจูŠู† ู„ู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ micro organism and
354
00:25:41,430 --> 00:25:44,150
counting the colonies that have grown on the
355
00:25:44,150 --> 00:25:47,370
filter ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ colonies ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ู…ุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆ
356
00:25:47,370 --> 00:25:49,870
ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† C ุณูˆุงุก ุฃู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณูู„ูŠู†
357
00:25:52,400 --> 00:25:55,840
membrane filter test this method varies for
358
00:25:55,840 --> 00:25:59,640
different bacteria types ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู
359
00:25:59,640 --> 00:26:04,560
ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ุดุบู„ุงุช ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู€ media
360
00:26:04,560 --> 00:26:08,240
ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ temperature ูˆุงู„ู€ time ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ูŠู†
361
00:26:08,240 --> 00:26:12,220
for incubation ูุงู„ู€ membrane filter test ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู‡
362
00:26:12,220 --> 00:26:17,420
to detect coliform ุนูŠู†ุช ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ meat meal
363
00:26:17,730 --> 00:26:22,770
ุจุนุชุจุฑ Statistically Significant ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุจูˆุฑุต 45 ู…ู†
364
00:26:22,770 --> 00:26:28,210
100 ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆู…ุชุฑ ุจุนู…ู„ Incubation ู„ู„ู€ filter paper on
365
00:26:28,210 --> 00:26:33,390
bed soaked with a differential media ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ
366
00:26:33,390 --> 00:26:39,250
ุฃู†ู…ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠููˆุฑ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Endo Agar Media
367
00:26:39,250 --> 00:26:42,530
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ media ุชุนุชุจุฑ differential
368
00:26:44,760 --> 00:26:48,080
Differential ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุงุญ ุชุฒุฑุน
369
00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:52,200
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ู‡ุง differentialุŸ Contain
370
00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:59,780
lactose and basic fuchsin ููŠู‡ุง ุตุจุบุฉ ุจุญุท ุงู„ู€ filter
371
00:26:59,780 --> 00:27:04,340
paper ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุทุจู‚ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง incubation ู…ู† 35 ุฅู„ู‰ 37
372
00:27:04,340 --> 00:27:08,720
ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุฃุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ colonies ู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠ
373
00:27:08,720 --> 00:27:12,160
colonies ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุจุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ coliform ู…ู†
374
00:27:12,160 --> 00:27:15,530
ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุจุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ high coliform ูุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง
375
00:27:15,530 --> 00:27:18,850
dark red with metallic gold sheen ุจุชูƒูˆู† coliform
376
00:27:18,850 --> 00:27:22,970
ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู„ุงู…ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Endo agar ุดูˆ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ
377
00:27:22,970 --> 00:27:28,930
Lactose ูˆููŠู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ Fuchsin-Di ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ
378
00:27:28,930 --> 00:27:32,530
ุฃุนุฏ ุงู„ู€ fecal Streptococci ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง
379
00:27:32,530 --> 00:27:36,730
ุงู„ู€ Enterococcus ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู†ู…ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ู„ุฅู„ู‡ุง
380
00:27:36,730 --> 00:27:40,750
ูˆุชุญุช time ูˆ temperature ู…ู†ุงุณุจูŠู† ู„ู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
381
00:27:40,750 --> 00:27:43,810
ุจุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุชู†ู…ูˆ ูุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู†ุงู…ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
382
00:27:43,810 --> 00:27:47,230
Streptococcus agar ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชู†ุงู…ูŠ ุงู„ู€ fecal
383
00:27:47,230 --> 00:27:51,630
Streptococci ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง Streptococcus agar ู„ู„ู€ fecal
384
00:27:51,630 --> 00:27:55,570
Streptococci ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ูุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡
385
00:27:55,570 --> 00:28:01,050
ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅุฐุง ู†ู…ุช ุงู„ู€ fecal Streptococci ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง
386
00:28:01,050 --> 00:28:07,070
ุนู†ุฏูŠ TTC ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุฑู‘ุช ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุนู…ู„ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
387
00:28:07,070 --> 00:28:11,230
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ู„ูˆ ู†ู…ุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
388
00:28:11,230 --> 00:28:16,010
ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง Reduction ู„ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ Reduction ู„ู„ู€ TTC
389
00:28:16,010 --> 00:28:20,690
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงุณู…ู‡ Formazan ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุญู…ุฑ ูุจูŠู„ูˆู† ู„ูˆู†
390
00:28:20,690 --> 00:28:23,810
ุงู„ู€ colonies ูุงู„ู€ colonies ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ media
391
00:28:23,810 --> 00:28:27,710
streptococcus agar ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ high fecal streptococci
392
00:28:27,710 --> 00:28:33,670
ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู…ูŠู† ุฃุญุณู† ูˆุฃุณุฑุน ูˆุฃุณู‡ู„ุŸ membrane filter
393
00:28:33,670 --> 00:28:39,030
test ูˆู„ุงุŸ ุงู„ู€ Most Probable number ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
394
00:28:39,030 --> 00:28:43,310
ู…ู† tubes ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุชุฎููŠู ูˆูƒู„ ุชุฎููŠู ุจุฏู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ู…ู† 3
395
00:28:43,310 --> 00:28:46,450
ุฅู„ู‰ 5 tubes ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจูŠูƒู„ู ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูˆุจุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰
396
00:28:46,450 --> 00:28:51,930
ูˆู‚ุช ูุงู„ุฃุณู‡ู„ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุฑุน ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ membrane filter test