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1 |
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00:00:01,840 --> 00:00:06,080 |
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ุจุณู
ุงููู ุงูุฑุญู
ู ุงูุฑุญูู
ูุณุชูู
ู ู
ุน ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ diabetes |
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2 |
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00:00:06,080 --> 00:00:12,940 |
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mellitus ููุตููุง ูุบุงูุฉ ุงู insulin ู ุงู antibodies |
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3 |
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00:00:12,940 --> 00:00:14,260 |
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to insulin |
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4 |
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00:00:16,690 --> 00:00:22,170 |
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ุงูุฌุณู
ู
ู
ูู ููุชุฌ antibody against the exogenous |
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5 |
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00:00:22,170 --> 00:00:29,850 |
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ุงูุณูููู ูุนูู ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุจุชุนุงูุฌูุง ุจุงูุงูุณูููู ู
ู
ูู |
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6 |
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00:00:29,850 --> 00:00:34,950 |
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ูุตูุฑ ูู antibodies ุฃู ุงูุฌุณู
ููุชุฌ antibodies ุถุฏ ูุฐุง |
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7 |
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00:00:34,950 --> 00:00:40,550 |
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ุงูุงูุณูููู ููุฐุง ุจูุทูู ุนููู exogenous insulin |
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8 |
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00:00:40,550 --> 00:00:42,470 |
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antibody syndrome |
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9 |
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00:00:44,970 --> 00:00:48,690 |
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ุงูู these antibodies are usually present at low |
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10 |
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00:00:48,690 --> 00:00:52,410 |
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titers ูุจูู ุงู concentration ูู antibodies ูุฐู |
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11 |
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00:00:52,410 --> 00:00:59,230 |
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ุจุชููู ููููุฉ ููุนูู ู
ุงุจููููุด ูู ุนูุง ุฃู ูุชุงุฆุฌ ูุนูู |
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12 |
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00:00:59,230 --> 00:01:05,350 |
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ุนูุณูุฉ on real .. real occasions high titers of |
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13 |
|
00:01:05,350 --> 00:01:08,850 |
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insulin antibodies may cause insulin resistance |
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14 |
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00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:17,380 |
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ููุฐุง ุจูุตูุฑ ุจุดูู ุฎุงุต ูู ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
type 2 |
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15 |
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00:01:17,380 --> 00:01:21,160 |
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diabetes mellitus ู ุงููู ูุนูู ุจุงูู
ุฑุงุญู ู
ุชูุฏู
ุฉ ู
ู |
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16 |
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00:01:21,160 --> 00:01:29,600 |
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ุงูู
ุฑุถ ู ุงููู ุจุฏูุง ูุงุฎุฏูุง insulin ุถู
ู ุงูุนูุงุฌ ูุจูู |
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17 |
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00:01:29,600 --> 00:01:34,100 |
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ุจูุฐู ุงูุญุงูุฉ ู
ู
ูู ูุตูุฑ ูููุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ุงู |
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18 |
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00:01:34,100 --> 00:01:40,730 |
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concentrations ูู insulin antibodiesู ูุฐุง ุงูุงุฑุชูุงุน |
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19 |
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00:01:40,730 --> 00:01:44,890 |
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ุณูุคุฏู ุฅูู insulin resistance |
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20 |
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00:01:46,610 --> 00:01:50,570 |
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ููู ูุชู
ุงูุชุนุงู
ู ู
ุน ูุฏูู ุงูู
ุฑุถูุ ููู ุฃูู several |
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21 |
|
00:01:50,570 --> 00:01:54,750 |
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therapeutic approaches for treating these patients |
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22 |
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00:01:54,750 --> 00:01:58,110 |
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ูู
ู ุถู
ู ุงู approaches ุฃูู ูุตูุฑ ููู double |
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23 |
|
00:01:58,110 --> 00:02:04,670 |
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filtration ุจูุงุฒู
ุงููุฑูุณ ุฃู ูุตูุฑ ููู plasma exchange |
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24 |
|
00:02:04,670 --> 00:02:11,110 |
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ูู
ุฏุฉ two weeks ุจุงูุฅุถุงูุฉ ููุฃุนุทุงู ูุฏูู ุงูู
ุฑุถู |
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25 |
|
00:02:11,110 --> 00:02:17,630 |
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prednisolone ุงููู ูู synthetic hydrocortisone ููุฐุง |
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26 |
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00:02:17,630 --> 00:02:21,350 |
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ุทุจุนุง ุงููู ูู ููุนู
ู ุนูู ูุนูู ุชูููู ุงู immune |
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27 |
|
00:02:21,350 --> 00:02:23,030 |
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response |
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28 |
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00:02:24,740 --> 00:02:29,660 |
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ุฃูุถุง ูู ูุฐู ุงูุญุงูุงุช ุงูู ูุนูู ูุถู ูููุง ู
ุชุงุจุน ููุนูู |
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29 |
|
00:02:29,660 --> 00:02:35,540 |
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ูุชู
ุนู
ู ุงู quantitative estimate ูุฅู ุงู |
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30 |
|
00:02:35,540 --> 00:02:39,300 |
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concentration of the circulating insulin |
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31 |
|
00:02:39,300 --> 00:02:42,980 |
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antibodies does not appear to be of significant |
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32 |
|
00:02:42,980 --> 00:02:46,940 |
|
benefit ูุนูู ู
ุด ููููุฏูุชูุฑ ู
ุง ุฒุงู ุนุงุฑููุง ุฃูู ูู |
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33 |
|
00:02:46,940 --> 00:02:51,100 |
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ุนูุฏูุง antibodies ู ุงู antibodies ูุฐู ูุนูู ุฅููุง |
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34 |
|
00:02:51,100 --> 00:02:54,240 |
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ู
ูุนูู |
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35 |
|
00:02:54,240 --> 00:02:58,100 |
|
ุฃู ู
ู
ูู .. ู
ู
ูู ุชุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงู insulin resistance ูุจูู |
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36 |
|
00:02:58,100 --> 00:03:02,680 |
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ุจูุฐู ุงูุญุงูุฉ ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุง ุจุฏูุง ุงููู ูู ูุนูู ูููู ูู |
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37 |
|
00:03:02,680 --> 00:03:08,300 |
|
ุนูุฏูุง therapeutic approach ู ูุชู
ุงูุชุนุงู
ู ู
ุน ุงูู
ุฑูุถ |
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38 |
|
00:03:08,300 --> 00:03:11,240 |
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ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงููู ุฐูุฑูุงู |
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39 |
|
00:03:13,520 --> 00:03:17,700 |
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ุงูุชุญุณูู ูู ุตุญูุญุฉ ุงูุฅูุณูููู ุงูุญููุงูู ูุฅูุณูููู |
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40 |
|
00:03:17,700 --> 00:03:22,540 |
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ุงูุญููุงูู ุงูู
ุชูุณุท ูุฏ ุฃููุ ูููู ููุณ ุชููููุงู ุนู ุฅูุชุงุฌ |
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41 |
|
00:03:22,540 --> 00:03:29,320 |
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ุงูุฅูุณูููู ุงูุญููุงูู ูุจูู ู
ุน ุงูุฅูุชุงุฌ ููุฅูุณูููู |
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42 |
|
00:03:29,320 --> 00:03:33,680 |
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ุงูุญููุงูู ูุทุจุนุงู ูุนูู ุตุงุฑ ูู ุงู ุงุนุชู
ุงุฏ ุฃูู ุนูู |
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43 |
|
00:03:33,680 --> 00:03:38,800 |
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ุงูุฅูุณูููู ุงูุญููุงูู ูุงูุตุญูุญุฉ ุงููู ุจุชุตูุฑ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุนุงููุฉ |
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44 |
|
00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:45,370 |
|
ููุฅูุณูููู ูุฐู ูููุช ุจุดูู ูุจูุฑู
ู ุงููู ูู ุงู |
|
|
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45 |
|
00:03:45,370 --> 00:03:49,130 |
|
antibodies ูู |
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46 |
|
00:03:49,130 --> 00:03:53,490 |
|
exogenous insulin ููู ุญุชู ู
ุน ุงู purification |
|
|
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47 |
|
00:03:53,490 --> 00:03:59,990 |
|
ุงูุนุงูู ู ุญุชู ู
ุน ุงูุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ูู recombinant insulin |
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48 |
|
00:03:59,990 --> 00:04:04,770 |
|
ุฅูุง ุฃูู ุจุฑุถู ูุนูู ูู ู
ู
ูู ูุตูุฑ ุฅูุชุงุฌ ู antibodies |
|
|
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49 |
|
00:04:04,770 --> 00:04:12,820 |
|
against ุงู exogenous insulinุงูุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ููู ูุนูู |
|
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50 |
|
00:04:12,820 --> 00:04:19,180 |
|
ู
ู
ูู ูููู ุงู less invasive ูุนูู ways ุงู delivery |
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51 |
|
00:04:19,180 --> 00:04:27,940 |
|
system ูุฃ ุงู insulin ููุฃุณู ูุฐู ุฒุงุฏุช ู
ู ุฅูุชุงุฌ ุงู |
|
|
|
52 |
|
00:04:27,940 --> 00:04:33,110 |
|
antibodies ุถุฏ ุงู exogenous insulinูุจูู ุนูุฏูุง ุฒู |
|
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|
53 |
|
00:04:33,110 --> 00:04:35,850 |
|
ุงููู ูู ุงู continuous subcutaneous insulin |
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54 |
|
00:04:35,850 --> 00:04:42,810 |
|
infusion ุฃู ุฃูุถุง ูู ุงููู ูู ุงู inhaled insulin has |
|
|
|
55 |
|
00:04:42,810 --> 00:04:45,770 |
|
resulted in significantly increased concentrations |
|
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|
56 |
|
00:04:45,770 --> 00:04:48,250 |
|
of insulin antibodies |
|
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57 |
|
00:04:51,430 --> 00:04:54,630 |
|
Antibodies to insulin really develop in patients |
|
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58 |
|
00:04:54,630 --> 00:04:58,770 |
|
who have not received exogenous insulin ูุจูู |
|
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59 |
|
00:04:58,770 --> 00:05:03,870 |
|
ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงูุฃุณุงุณูุฉ ูู ุจุงูExogenous insulin ูุจูู ูู
ุง |
|
|
|
60 |
|
00:05:03,870 --> 00:05:08,030 |
|
ูุตูุฑ ูู administration ูExogenous insulin ู
ู
ูู |
|
|
|
61 |
|
00:05:08,030 --> 00:05:12,030 |
|
ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชููู Antibodies ุถุฏ ุงูุงูุณููู |
|
|
|
62 |
|
00:05:15,260 --> 00:05:19,820 |
|
ุจู
ุง ูุชุนูู ุจุงูุชูุตูุงุช ุทูุจ ูู ูุตูุฑ ููุงูุง ูุญุต ู
ุซูุง |
|
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63 |
|
00:05:19,820 --> 00:05:26,120 |
|
ุจุดูู ุฑูุชููู ููุงุณ ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
ูุนูู diabetes ู |
|
|
|
64 |
|
00:05:26,120 --> 00:05:32,500 |
|
ุจูุนุทููู
exogenous insulin ุฃู ูุฃุ ูุนูู ู
ู ุงูุชูุตูุงุช |
|
|
|
65 |
|
00:05:32,500 --> 00:05:40,120 |
|
ุฃูู ู
ุงูุตูุฑุด ููู ูุนูู routine ูุนูู quantitation ุฃู |
|
|
|
66 |
|
00:05:40,120 --> 00:05:45,670 |
|
measurement ูุงู insulinูููู ููุณ ููุงู ุงุซุงุฑุฉ ูุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ |
|
|
|
67 |
|
00:05:45,670 --> 00:05:50,090 |
|
ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ุงูุงูุณููู ููุชุฌุงุฑุจ ููุทุจูุนู ููุทุจูุนู ููุทูุงุจูู |
|
|
|
68 |
|
00:05:50,090 --> 00:05:51,690 |
|
ุงููู ุจูุจุชุณ |
|
|
|
69 |
|
00:05:54,020 --> 00:05:58,740 |
|
ุทุจุนุง ุฒู ู
ุง ููููุง ุฅูู ู
ู ุงูู
ุดููุงุช ุงููู ู
ู
ูู ุชูุชุฌ ุนู |
|
|
|
70 |
|
00:05:58,740 --> 00:06:03,760 |
|
ูุฌูุฏ ุงู antibodies ูุฐู ูุงุฑุชุจุงุทูุง ู
ุน ุงูุงูุณููู ูู |
|
|
|
71 |
|
00:06:03,760 --> 00:06:08,920 |
|
ุญุฏูุซ ุงูุงูุณููู resistance ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐุง ููุคุฏู ุฅูู |
|
|
|
72 |
|
00:06:08,920 --> 00:06:16,350 |
|
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ุงู postprandial blood glucoseุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุฃู |
|
|
|
73 |
|
00:06:16,350 --> 00:06:20,470 |
|
ุงูู Antibodies ู
ุฑุชุจุท ููุฅูุณูููุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุงูุฅูุณููู |
|
|
|
74 |
|
00:06:20,470 --> 00:06:25,010 |
|
ู
ุด ููููู
ุจุนู
ููุ ูุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุงูุชุงููุฉ ุงูู
ุชุนููุฉ ุจุฑุถู |
|
|
|
75 |
|
00:06:25,010 --> 00:06:30,530 |
|
ุจูุฐุง ุงูุฃู
ุฑุ ุฅู ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงูู Antibodies ุจุงูุฅูุณููู |
|
|
|
76 |
|
00:06:30,530 --> 00:06:34,870 |
|
reversibleูู
ุง ุจูุฌู ุงู antibody ู
ุด ููุถุงู ู
ุฑุชุจุท ูู |
|
|
|
77 |
|
00:06:34,870 --> 00:06:40,070 |
|
ุชุบูุฑุช ุงูุธุฑูู ู
ู
ูู ููู ุงูุฅุฑุชุจุงุท ุจูู ุงู insulin ู |
|
|
|
78 |
|
00:06:40,070 --> 00:06:43,470 |
|
ุจูู ุงู antibody ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐุง ู
ู
ูู ูุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงู |
|
|
|
79 |
|
00:06:43,470 --> 00:06:48,410 |
|
insulin concentration ุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุจุงูุฏู
ููุฐุง ุงููู |
|
|
|
80 |
|
00:06:48,410 --> 00:06:54,430 |
|
ู
ู
ูู ูุตูุฑ at night ุงูุชุบูุฑ ูููุงูู pH at night ู
ู
ูู |
|
|
|
81 |
|
00:06:54,430 --> 00:06:59,670 |
|
ูุนู
ู dissociation ุจูู ุงูุฅูุณููู ูุจูู ุงูู antibody |
|
|
|
82 |
|
00:06:59,670 --> 00:07:04,930 |
|
ุงููู ูุงู ู
ุฑุชุจุท ู
ุนุงู ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงูู ุงู |
|
|
|
83 |
|
00:07:04,930 --> 00:07:08,690 |
|
concentration ููุฅูุณููู ูุจุงูุชุงูู ู
ู
ูู ูุคุฏู ุฅูู |
|
|
|
84 |
|
00:07:08,690 --> 00:07:14,490 |
|
hypoglycemia ุฃููุง ู
ุดููุฉ ุชุงููุฉ ุจุชุชุนูู ุจุงู |
|
|
|
85 |
|
00:07:14,490 --> 00:07:18,770 |
|
antibodies ูู ุฅูุชุงุฌ antibodies ุถุฏ ุงูุฅูุณููู |
|
|
|
86 |
|
00:07:18,770 --> 00:07:27,650 |
|
receptorููู ูุฐู ุงูุญุงูุฉ ุฃูู ู
ู
ูู ููุจุฌ ู
ุดููุชูู ุงู |
|
|
|
87 |
|
00:07:27,650 --> 00:07:32,190 |
|
antibodies ูุฐู ุงููู ูุชุฑุชุจุท ู
ุน ุงู receptor ู
ู
ูู |
|
|
|
88 |
|
00:07:32,190 --> 00:07:38,350 |
|
ุชุดุชุบู ู antagonist ูุฅุฐุง ุงุดุชุบูุช ู antagonist ู
ุนูุงู |
|
|
|
89 |
|
00:07:38,350 --> 00:07:41,690 |
|
ุทุจุนุง ููุตูุฑ ููู competition ุจูููุง ู ุจูู ุงู ุงู |
|
|
|
90 |
|
00:07:41,690 --> 00:07:44,670 |
|
insulin ู ูู ูุชุฑุชุจุท ู
ุน ุงู receptor ู ุชู
ูุน ู
ู |
|
|
|
91 |
|
00:07:44,670 --> 00:07:51,820 |
|
ุงุฑุชุจุงุทุงูุงูุณูููู ู ูุชุคุฏู ุงูู ุญุฏูุซ hyperglycemia |
|
|
|
92 |
|
00:07:51,820 --> 00:07:57,300 |
|
ููุฐุง ุงููู ุจูุดูููู ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงู patients with |
|
|
|
93 |
|
00:07:57,300 --> 00:08:05,080 |
|
acanthosis negligens ุงููู ุจูููู ูู ุงููู ูู ูุนูู ุฒู |
|
|
|
94 |
|
00:08:05,080 --> 00:08:10,960 |
|
epidermal skin cells begin to reproduce rapidly |
|
|
|
95 |
|
00:08:10,960 --> 00:08:18,040 |
|
ูุจุตูุฑ ูู ุชูุงุซุฑ ูุฎูุงูุง ุจุดูู ูุจูุฑู ูุฐุง ุจูุนู
ู ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
96 |
|
00:08:18,040 --> 00:08:23,320 |
|
ุงู skin growth ู ุจูุจูู ุงููู ูู ุจุงูุดูู ุฒู ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
97 |
|
00:08:23,320 --> 00:08:29,490 |
|
ุงูุตูุฑุฉ ุฏู ุณูุงุก ุชุญุช ุงููุจุถ ุฃู ุนูู ุงููู ูู ุงูุฑูุจุฉููุฐุง |
|
|
|
98 |
|
00:08:29,490 --> 00:08:32,850 |
|
ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุง ุจูููู ุจุณุจุจ ุฃูู ูู ุนูุฏู antibodies ุถุฏ ุงู |
|
|
|
99 |
|
00:08:32,850 --> 00:08:40,110 |
|
receptors ููุฐุง ุจูู
ูุน ู
ู ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู .. ุงู insulin |
|
|
|
100 |
|
00:08:40,110 --> 00:08:45,890 |
|
ูุจู .. ูุฐุง ุจููุฏุฑ ุฅูู ุฑูุน ู
ุณุชููุงุช ุงู insulin ูู |
|
|
|
101 |
|
00:08:45,890 --> 00:08:50,870 |
|
ุงูุฌุณู
ูุจุงูุชุงูู abnormal ุงููู ูู skin cell growth |
|
|
|
102 |
|
00:08:50,870 --> 00:08:55,470 |
|
ุจูุฐุง ูู ุญุงู ุฃูู ุงู antibodies ุงุดุชุบูุช ู antagonist |
|
|
|
103 |
|
00:08:55,960 --> 00:08:59,320 |
|
ููู ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุญุงูุฉ ุชุงููุฉ ู
ู
ูู ูุฐู ุงูู Antibodies of |
|
|
|
104 |
|
00:08:59,320 --> 00:09:03,320 |
|
the Receptors ุชุดุชุบู ูู Agonists Agonists ูุจูู |
|
|
|
105 |
|
00:09:03,320 --> 00:09:09,260 |
|
ูุชุดุชุบู ูุฃูู ุงูุฅูุณูููู ูู ุงูู
ุฑุชุจุท ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐุง |
|
|
|
106 |
|
00:09:09,260 --> 00:09:17,660 |
|
ููุคุฏู ุฅูู ุญุฏูุซ Hypoiglycemia ุนูุฏ ุงูุดุฎุต ุจู
ุง ูุชุนูู |
|
|
|
107 |
|
00:09:17,660 --> 00:09:22,520 |
|
ุจุงูู Metabolism of Insulin Action ุงูุชุฃุซูุฑุงุช |
|
|
|
108 |
|
00:09:22,520 --> 00:09:29,320 |
|
ุงูู
ุชุนููุฉ ุจุงูุฅูุณูููููุนูู ููุนูุง ู
ุง ุจุงุชุช ู
ุนุฑููุฉ |
|
|
|
109 |
|
00:09:29,320 --> 00:09:34,260 |
|
ูู
ูููู
ุฉ ูุจูู ุงูู metabolic effects ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ ููู |
|
|
|
110 |
|
00:09:34,260 --> 00:09:39,220 |
|
ุนูู ู
ุณุชูู ุงูู molecular mechanism ูููู ุงูู Insulin |
|
|
|
111 |
|
00:09:39,220 --> 00:09:44,300 |
|
ุจูุนู
ู ูุฐู ุงููู ูู ุงูุชุฃุซูุฑุงุช ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ ููุคุฏู ุฅูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
112 |
|
00:09:44,300 --> 00:09:48,560 |
|
different metabolic effects ูุนูู ู
ุง ุฒุงูุช ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅูู |
|
|
|
113 |
|
00:09:48,560 --> 00:09:56,660 |
|
ู
ุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงูููู
ุฃููุฏ ุงูุฎุทูุฉ ุงูุฃูููููู ุงูู Insulinุ |
|
|
|
114 |
|
00:09:56,660 --> 00:09:59,920 |
|
ููู ุงูููุงู
ุจุนู
ููุ ูู ุงูุฅุฑุชุจุงุท ู
ุน ุงูู receptor |
|
|
|
115 |
|
00:09:59,920 --> 00:10:06,020 |
|
ุงูุฎุงุต ููู ุนูู ุงู cell membrane ูุจูู ุจุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู
ุน |
|
|
|
116 |
|
00:10:06,020 --> 00:10:13,230 |
|
specific receptors ุนูู ุงู plasma membraneููุฐุง ุงูู |
|
|
|
117 |
|
00:10:13,230 --> 00:10:19,850 |
|
Insulin receptor ุจุชููู ู
ู ุฃุฑุจุน sub units ูุจุงูุชุงูู |
|
|
|
118 |
|
00:10:19,850 --> 00:10:25,030 |
|
ูู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู hetero tetrameribiana four proteinsุ |
|
|
|
119 |
|
00:10:25,030 --> 00:10:28,570 |
|
four sub units ููุฐู ุงู sub units ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู two |
|
|
|
120 |
|
00:10:28,570 --> 00:10:36,500 |
|
alpha and two beta sub unitsุงูู Alpha subunit is |
|
|
|
121 |
|
00:10:36,500 --> 00:10:39,260 |
|
located on the outer surface of the plasma |
|
|
|
122 |
|
00:10:39,260 --> 00:10:45,180 |
|
membrane and contains the site where insulin binds |
|
|
|
123 |
|
00:10:45,180 --> 00:10:50,000 |
|
ูุฒู ู
ุง ูุถุนูุง ุจูู ุงู figure ุฒู ู
ุง ููููุง ุฃู ุงูู |
|
|
|
124 |
|
00:10:50,000 --> 00:10:55,460 |
|
Alpha subunits ูู ุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุนูู ุงูููุงุก ุงูุฎุงุฑุฌ ู
ู |
|
|
|
125 |
|
00:10:55,460 --> 00:11:01,000 |
|
ุงู receptor ู ูุฐู ุงู subunits ุงููู ุจูุฑุชุจุท ู
ุนูุง ุงู |
|
|
|
126 |
|
00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:07,230 |
|
insulin ู ุงู beta subunitsุนูุง ูุฐุง ุงููู ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
127 |
|
00:11:07,230 --> 00:11:10,150 |
|
polypeptide ูู ุฌุฒุก ู
ูู ุงููู ูู ุงูู transmembrane |
|
|
|
128 |
|
00:11:10,150 --> 00:11:17,950 |
|
ููู ุนูุง ุฌุฒุก ุงููู ูู ุงูู cytoplasmic domain ูุงุฑุชุจุงุท |
|
|
|
129 |
|
00:11:17,950 --> 00:11:23,550 |
|
ุงูุฅูุณูููู ูุฐุง ูุคุฏู ุฅูู ุญุฏูุซ confirmation of change |
|
|
|
130 |
|
00:11:23,550 --> 00:11:31,450 |
|
ุจูู ุงูู beta sub unitsูุงูู Insulin receptor ููุนุชุจุฑ |
|
|
|
131 |
|
00:11:31,450 --> 00:11:40,430 |
|
subfamily ู
ู ุงูู receptor tyrosine kinases ูู
ุง ุฒุงู |
|
|
|
132 |
|
00:11:40,430 --> 00:11:46,150 |
|
ุจูุญูู ุนูู kinase ูุจูู ูุฐุง ุงูู ุงูุจุฑูุชูู ููุนู
ู ุนูู |
|
|
|
133 |
|
00:11:46,150 --> 00:11:52,540 |
|
ุงููู ูู ุงูู phosphorylation ู other proteinsููุฐุง |
|
|
|
134 |
|
00:11:52,540 --> 00:11:56,260 |
|
ูุนูููุง ุงููู ุจูุตูุฑ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงูู Insulin ู
ุน ุงูู Alpha |
|
|
|
135 |
|
00:11:56,260 --> 00:11:59,140 |
|
-subunit ุจูุนู
ู confirmation and change ูู ุงูู Beta |
|
|
|
136 |
|
00:11:59,140 --> 00:12:03,940 |
|
-subunits ููุคุฏู ุฅูู auto phosphorylation ูู Beta |
|
|
|
137 |
|
00:12:03,940 --> 00:12:08,800 |
|
-subunits ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐุง ูุคุฏู ุฅูู recruitment ูู |
|
|
|
138 |
|
00:12:08,800 --> 00:12:13,960 |
|
other cytoplasmic proteins to be phosphorylatedุงูู |
|
|
|
139 |
|
00:12:13,960 --> 00:12:17,320 |
|
Phosphorylation ุจูุณุชุฏุนู ุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุฃุฎุฑูุ ููุฐู |
|
|
|
140 |
|
00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:21,220 |
|
ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุงูุฃุฎุฑู ููุตููุง Phosphorylation ุนู ุทุฑูู |
|
|
|
141 |
|
00:12:21,220 --> 00:12:26,400 |
|
ุงููู ูู ุงูู Active Tyrosine Kinase ุงููู ูู ุงูุฎุงุต |
|
|
|
142 |
|
00:12:26,400 --> 00:12:31,890 |
|
ุจุงูู Receptorูุจูู ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุง ุงูู Phosphorylation |
|
|
|
143 |
|
00:12:31,890 --> 00:12:37,390 |
|
ูู ุงูู ุงูู cytoplasmic domain ูู ุงูู Beta-subunit |
|
|
|
144 |
|
00:12:37,390 --> 00:12:42,190 |
|
ุจูุณุชุฏุนู ุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู ุฒู ุงูู SHC ู ุจูุตููุง |
|
|
|
145 |
|
00:12:42,190 --> 00:12:47,390 |
|
Phosphorylation ู ุนูุฏูุง ุฃูุถูุง ุจุฑูุชูู ุขุฎุฑ ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
146 |
|
00:12:47,390 --> 00:12:52,370 |
|
ุงูู IRS Insulin Receptor Substrate ูุฐู ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช |
|
|
|
147 |
|
00:12:52,370 --> 00:12:57,660 |
|
ุจูุตููุง Phosphorylationูุจุนุฏ ููู ูุฐู ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช |
|
|
|
148 |
|
00:12:57,660 --> 00:13:03,780 |
|
ุจุชุฑุชุจุท ู
ุน ุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงููCytoplasm |
|
|
|
149 |
|
00:13:03,780 --> 00:13:12,640 |
|
ูุจุชุนู
ูููุง activation ู
ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู ุทุจุนุง ุจุงููููุงูุฉ |
|
|
|
150 |
|
00:13:12,640 --> 00:13:19,920 |
|
ุงููCascade ูุฐุง ุนูุฏูุง ุงูุนุฏูุฏ ู
ู ุงููmetabolic |
|
|
|
151 |
|
00:13:19,920 --> 00:13:25,340 |
|
pathways ุงููู ุทุจุนุง ู
ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงูุฃุณุงุณ ุจูุฌูุฏ ุงูุงูุดููู |
|
|
|
152 |
|
00:13:25,560 --> 00:13:30,340 |
|
ูู
ููุง ุนูุง ุนูู ุณุจูู ุงูู
ุซุงู ุงูู cell growth ู |
|
|
|
153 |
|
00:13:30,340 --> 00:13:34,140 |
|
differentiation ูู ุนูุง ุงููู ูู ุงูู protein |
|
|
|
154 |
|
00:13:34,140 --> 00:13:37,980 |
|
synthesis ูู ุนูุง ุงูู glycogen synthesis ูู ุนูุง |
|
|
|
155 |
|
00:13:37,980 --> 00:13:44,300 |
|
ุงูู
ูุน ููู gluconeogenesis ูุนูุง ุฃูุถุง ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุงูู |
|
|
|
156 |
|
00:13:44,300 --> 00:13:51,490 |
|
lipogenesisุฃูุถูุง ุจุงูุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅูู ุงูู Translocation |
|
|
|
157 |
|
00:13:51,490 --> 00:13:56,970 |
|
ุงููู ุจูุตูุฑ ููุงุญุฏุฉ ู
ู ุงูุจุฑูุชูู ุงูู transporters |
|
|
|
158 |
|
00:13:56,970 --> 00:14:01,310 |
|
ุงูุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงูุฌููููุฒ ุงููุฒูู ูุงูุฌููุชุ ูุนูู ูุฐุง ุงูุจุฑูุชูู |
|
|
|
159 |
|
00:14:01,310 --> 00:14:07,030 |
|
ุจูููู ูู ุฏุงุฎู ุงูู cytoplasm ูู
ุน ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงูุงูุณููู |
|
|
|
160 |
|
00:14:07,030 --> 00:14:11,110 |
|
ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง Translocation ูุจูุจุฏุฃ ุทุจุนูุง ุจูุนู |
|
|
|
161 |
|
00:14:11,110 --> 00:14:18,150 |
|
ุงููู ูู ุงูุจุฑูุชูู ูุณู
ู AKTูุจูู ูุฐุง ุจูุคุฏู ุฅูู ุญุฏูุซ |
|
|
|
162 |
|
00:14:18,150 --> 00:14:22,690 |
|
Translocation ููุฌููุช ุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูุงูุช ูู ุฏุงุฎู ุงูู |
|
|
|
163 |
|
00:14:22,690 --> 00:14:27,310 |
|
Cytoplasm ูุงุฑุชุจุงุทูุง |
|
|
|
164 |
|
00:14:27,310 --> 00:14:33,770 |
|
ุจุงูู Cell Membrane ููุณู
ุงุญ ุจุฃูุชุฑ ุงูู Glucose ููุฏุฎูู |
|
|
|
165 |
|
00:14:33,770 --> 00:14:40,430 |
|
ุฅูู ุงูุฎููุฉ ูุฐู ุงูู Slider ุงููู ูู ุดุฑูุญ ููููุงู
ุงููู |
|
|
|
166 |
|
00:14:40,430 --> 00:14:45,500 |
|
ุญูููุงู ุจุงูู Slider ุงูุณุงุจูู
ู ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุงููู ุจูุตููุง |
|
|
|
167 |
|
00:14:45,500 --> 00:14:51,040 |
|
activation ุจุณุจุจ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงูุงูุณูููู ูููุง ุงู ุงูู |
|
|
|
168 |
|
00:14:51,040 --> 00:14:55,540 |
|
Phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase ุงููู ูู ุฏู ุทุจุนุง |
|
|
|
169 |
|
00:14:55,540 --> 00:15:00,940 |
|
ุงูุจุฑูุชูู ุจุชููู ููููุง growth factor receptor bound |
|
|
|
170 |
|
00:15:00,940 --> 00:15:05,720 |
|
ุงูุจุฑูุชูู ุงููู ูู GRP2 ููุฏูู ุงูู two proteins |
|
|
|
171 |
|
00:15:05,720 --> 00:15:12,780 |
|
ุจููุนุจูุง ุฏูุฑ ู
ูู
ูู ููู ุงูู signal ุฅูู ูุนูู ุฏุงุฎู |
|
|
|
172 |
|
00:15:13,090 --> 00:15:18,550 |
|
ุงูุฎููุฉ ุฃูุถูุง ุจุฑุถู ุฃูู ุงูู Signaling Pathway ุขุฎุฑ |
|
|
|
173 |
|
00:15:18,550 --> 00:15:22,370 |
|
ุงููู ุจุฑุถู ู
ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงูู Insulin ุนูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
174 |
|
00:15:22,370 --> 00:15:26,530 |
|
Receptors ุงูู Mitogen Activated Protein ูููุงุฒู |
|
|
|
175 |
|
00:15:26,530 --> 00:15:31,370 |
|
ุงููู ูู ุงูู MAP ูููุงุฒู ู ุงููู ุจูุดุชุบู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงู |
|
|
|
176 |
|
00:15:31,370 --> 00:15:39,620 |
|
activation ููุฑุฃุณ ุฃูุถูุง ุฃู ุงูู PI3 ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุงุจุณูู |
|
|
|
177 |
|
00:15:39,620 --> 00:15:45,200 |
|
activation ู ูู ุจุฏูุฑู ุจูุนู
ู activation ูู AKT ู |
|
|
|
178 |
|
00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:51,820 |
|
ุงูู AKT ุงููู ูู ุจุชูุนุจ ุฏูุฑ ู
ูู
ุฒู ู
ุง ุญูููุง ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
179 |
|
00:15:51,820 --> 00:15:57,160 |
|
Translocation ุงููู ุจุฏู ูุตูุฑ ูุฌููุช Transporter |
|
|
|
180 |
|
00:15:57,160 --> 00:16:04,420 |
|
ุจุฑูุชูู ููุฐุง ุงูู AKT ุจูุดุชุบู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูู PDK1 |
|
|
|
181 |
|
00:16:06,190 --> 00:16:12,070 |
|
ุงู effect ุงููู ูุชูุชุฌ ุจุงูุฎูุงูุง ุฃู ุจุงู tissue ุงููู |
|
|
|
182 |
|
00:16:12,070 --> 00:16:17,390 |
|
ููุฑุชุจุท ููู ุงู insulin ู
ู
ูู ูููู ูููุง ุจุนุถ ุงูุงุฎุชูุงู |
|
|
|
183 |
|
00:16:17,390 --> 00:16:22,090 |
|
ูุจูู ู
ู tissue ูุขุฎุฑ ู
ู
ูู ูููู ูููุง ุจุนุถ ุงูุงุฎุชูุงู |
|
|
|
184 |
|
00:16:22,090 --> 00:16:28,910 |
|
ุงููู ูู ูุงุชุฌ ุนู ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู insulin ุจูุฐู ุงู cells |
|
|
|
185 |
|
00:16:28,910 --> 00:16:33,790 |
|
ุนูู ุณุจูู ุงูู
ุซุงู ุนูุฏูุง enescalatal muscle and |
|
|
|
186 |
|
00:16:33,790 --> 00:16:37,680 |
|
adipose tissueุงูู AKT ุชููู
ุจุชุญุฑูู ุงูุชุญุฑูู |
|
|
|
187 |
|
00:16:37,680 --> 00:16:43,180 |
|
ุงูุฌููููุฒู ุจู
ุดุงุฑูุฉ ุงูุชุญุฑูู ุงูุฌููููุฒู ูู GLUT4 ูู
ุง |
|
|
|
188 |
|
00:16:43,180 --> 00:16:48,160 |
|
ููุชุ ุชุญุฑูู ุงูุฌููููุฒู ูู GLUT4 ูููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุฏุงุฎู |
|
|
|
189 |
|
00:16:48,160 --> 00:16:52,600 |
|
ุงูู cytoplasm ู ุจุณูู ุงูุชุญุฑูู ุงูุฌููููุฒู ู ุจูุฑุทุจุท ู
ุน |
|
|
|
190 |
|
00:16:52,600 --> 00:17:00,080 |
|
ุงูู cell membrane ุนุดุงู ูุณู
ุญ ุจุฏุฎูู ุงูุฌููููุฒู ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
191 |
|
00:17:00,080 --> 00:17:08,140 |
|
liver ุงูู AKT ุชูุณููุฑููุงุชand inactivates GSK3ฮฒ ุงูู |
|
|
|
192 |
|
00:17:08,140 --> 00:17:14,920 |
|
glycogen synthase kinase 3ฮฒ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐุง ุจูุคุฏู ุฅูู |
|
|
|
193 |
|
00:17:14,920 --> 00:17:22,400 |
|
enhancing the glycogen synthesis ุทุจุนุง |
|
|
|
194 |
|
00:17:22,400 --> 00:17:30,380 |
|
ุงู GSK3ฮฒ ูู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู inhibitor ูู glycogen |
|
|
|
195 |
|
00:17:30,380 --> 00:17:34,780 |
|
synthaseุฃู inactivating agent ููู glycogen |
|
|
|
196 |
|
00:17:34,780 --> 00:17:39,680 |
|
synthase ุงููู ูู ุงู .. ุงู .. ุงู enzyme ุงููู ุจููุนุจ |
|
|
|
197 |
|
00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:43,600 |
|
ุฏูุฑ ูู ุนู
ููุฉ ุงู synthesis ูู glycogen ูู
ุง ุงุญูุง |
|
|
|
198 |
|
00:17:43,600 --> 00:17:48,940 |
|
ุจูุนู
ู inactivation ูู GSK3ฮฒ ุชู
ุงู
ุง ุจูุฌูุจ ูุนู
ู |
|
|
|
199 |
|
00:17:48,940 --> 00:17:53,000 |
|
inhibition ูู inhibitor ูุจุงูุชุงูู ููุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุง |
|
|
|
200 |
|
00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:58,620 |
|
active glycogen synthase ูุจุงูุชุงูู glycogen |
|
|
|
201 |
|
00:17:58,620 --> 00:18:05,240 |
|
synthesisุงูู AKT ุฃูุถูุง ุชุฎูุต ุงูู gluconeogenesis |
|
|
|
202 |
|
00:18:05,240 --> 00:18:09,340 |
|
ูุฃูู ุงุญูุง ุนูุฏูุง ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู
ูุงุช ูุจูุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงูุฌููููุฒ |
|
|
|
203 |
|
00:18:09,340 --> 00:18:14,560 |
|
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุงุญูุง ู
ุด ูู ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงูู ูุตูุน ุงูุฌููููุฒ ู
ู |
|
|
|
204 |
|
00:18:14,560 --> 00:18:19,020 |
|
ู
ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงููู ู ุบูุฑ ูุฑุจูููุฏุฑุงุชูุฉ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุจูู ุจูุตูุฑ ูู |
|
|
|
205 |
|
00:18:19,020 --> 00:18:23,820 |
|
ุนูุฏูุง suppression ูู gluconeogenesis ู ุจุงูู
ูุงุจู |
|
|
|
206 |
|
00:18:23,820 --> 00:18:28,040 |
|
ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง activation ูู lipogenesis in the |
|
|
|
207 |
|
00:18:28,040 --> 00:18:28,440 |
|
liver |
|
|
|
208 |
|
00:18:31,180 --> 00:18:36,040 |
|
ุจู
ุง ูุชุนูู ุจูู ูู Glucose Transport ููู ุงูุฌููููุฒ |
|
|
|
209 |
|
00:18:36,040 --> 00:18:41,080 |
|
ูุฏุฎููู ุฅูู ุฏุงุฎู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ูู ุนูุง two families of |
|
|
|
210 |
|
00:18:41,080 --> 00:18:46,060 |
|
proteins ู
ุณุฆููุฉ ุนู ูุฐุง ุงูุฃู
ุฑ ูู ุนูุง ุงูู Sodium |
|
|
|
211 |
|
00:18:46,060 --> 00:18:51,680 |
|
Dependent Glucose Transporters ุงูู SGLT ููู ุนูุง |
|
|
|
212 |
|
00:18:51,680 --> 00:18:58,410 |
|
ุงูุนุงุฆูุฉ ุงูุชุงููุฉุงููู ูู ุงูู Glucose Transporters ุฃู |
|
|
|
213 |
|
00:18:58,410 --> 00:19:01,430 |
|
Facilitative Glucose Transporters ุงููู ูู ุงูู GLUT |
|
|
|
214 |
|
00:19:01,430 --> 00:19:07,090 |
|
ุจููุง ุฏูู ุงูุนุงุฆูุชูู ู
ู ุงูุจุฑูุชูู ุฃู ู
ู ุงูู Glucose |
|
|
|
215 |
|
00:19:07,090 --> 00:19:12,070 |
|
Transporters ู
ุณุฆูููู ุนู ุฏุฎูู ุงูู Glucose ุฅูู ุฏุงุฎู |
|
|
|
216 |
|
00:19:12,070 --> 00:19:16,750 |
|
ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงูููุน ุงูุฃูู Sodium Dependent Glucose |
|
|
|
217 |
|
00:19:16,750 --> 00:19:21,080 |
|
Transportersูุฐู ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู
ุงููู ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
218 |
|
00:19:21,080 --> 00:19:25,360 |
|
Electrochemical Sodium Gradient To Transport |
|
|
|
219 |
|
00:19:25,360 --> 00:19:30,860 |
|
Glucose Against Its Concentration Gradient ููุฐุง |
|
|
|
220 |
|
00:19:30,860 --> 00:19:39,000 |
|
ุงูุจุฑูุชูู ูุนููุงู ุจูุนู
ู ุนูู ููู ุงู Sodium ูู
ุน ุงู |
|
|
|
221 |
|
00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:45,020 |
|
Sodium ุฃูุถุงู ุจูุฏุฎู ุนูุฏูุง ูุฌููููุฒ ุฅูู ุฏุงุฎู ุงูุฎููุฉ |
|
|
|
222 |
|
00:19:45,020 --> 00:19:52,100 |
|
ุฒู ู
ุง ูุงุถุญ ุจู ุงู figure ูุฐุง ุงูู SGL2ุจูุนู
ู ุนูู ุฏุฎูู |
|
|
|
223 |
|
00:19:52,100 --> 00:19:57,120 |
|
ุงูู Sodium ุชู
ุงู
ูุง ู ุฃูุถูุง ุจูุนู
ู ุนูู ุฏุฎูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
224 |
|
00:19:57,120 --> 00:20:02,420 |
|
Glucose ูู ููุณ ุงูููุช ุฅูู ุฏุงุฎู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุฒู ุงูุฎูุงูุง |
|
|
|
225 |
|
00:20:02,420 --> 00:20:04,860 |
|
ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุจุงูุฃู
ุนุงุก ุนูู ุณุจูู ุงูู
ุซุงู ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
226 |
|
00:20:04,860 --> 00:20:08,940 |
|
Enterocytes ู ุงููู ูุจุฌู ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงููู ุงููู ููุชู |
|
|
|
227 |
|
00:20:08,940 --> 00:20:13,720 |
|
ุจูุตูุฑ ููู ุฃูู absorption ููู Glucose ู ุฏุฎููู ุฅูู |
|
|
|
228 |
|
00:20:13,720 --> 00:20:17,740 |
|
ุฏุงุฎู ุฎูุงูุง ุงูุฃู
ุนุงุก ุงููู ูู ุงูู Enterocytes |
|
|
|
229 |
|
00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:28,700 |
|
ุงูู SGLT ุชุฏูุน ุชุญุฑูุฑ ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูุฌุงููุชูุฒ ู
ู ููู
ุงูุตุฏุฑ |
|
|
|
230 |
|
00:20:28,700 --> 00:20:36,440 |
|
ุงูุตุบูุฑ ูุงูุชุนุงุฏู ู
ู ุงูุฏู
ูู ุงูุฌูุฏูุจูู ูู
ุงู ุงูู SGLT |
|
|
|
231 |
|
00:20:36,440 --> 00:20:41,420 |
|
ุจุฑุถู ุจุชูุนุจ ุฏูุฑ ูู ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูู Reabsorption ู
ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู |
|
|
|
232 |
|
00:20:41,420 --> 00:20:44,900 |
|
ูุฌููููุฒ ุจุนุฏ ู
ุง ุชุตูุฑ ุนูุฏูุง ุงููู ูู ุนู
ููุฉ ุงู |
|
|
|
233 |
|
00:20:44,900 --> 00:20:50,840 |
|
filtration ูุจูุฏุฎู ูุฌููููุฒ ุถู
ู ุงูููุชุฑุงุช ูู
ุง ุงุญูุง |
|
|
|
234 |
|
00:20:50,840 --> 00:20:54,240 |
|
ุนุงุฑููู ูู ุฃูู ุฌุฒุก ู
ู ุงู tubules ุงููู ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงู |
|
|
|
235 |
|
00:20:54,240 --> 00:20:57,140 |
|
proximal convoluted tubules ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง |
|
|
|
236 |
|
00:20:57,140 --> 00:21:03,620 |
|
Reabsorption ูุงููู
ูุฉ ุงูุฃูุจุฑ ุฃู ูุฃุบูุจ ุงูู Glucose |
|
|
|
237 |
|
00:21:03,620 --> 00:21:08,340 |
|
ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูููุชุฑุงุช ู ุงููู ุจููุนุจ ุฏูุฑ ูู ูุฐู ุงููู |
|
|
|
238 |
|
00:21:08,340 --> 00:21:12,540 |
|
ูู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ุงูู Reabsorption ูู ุจุฑุถู ุงูู SGL2 |
|
|
|
239 |
|
00:21:12,540 --> 00:21:17,900 |
|
ุจุฑูุชููุฒ ุงูููุน |
|
|
|
240 |
|
00:21:17,900 --> 00:21:22,220 |
|
ุงูุชุงูู ู
ู ุงู Transporters ูู ุงููู ูู ุงู Glut |
|
|
|
241 |
|
00:21:22,220 --> 00:21:26,460 |
|
family of membrane proteins that are encoded by |
|
|
|
242 |
|
00:21:26,460 --> 00:21:38,660 |
|
the SLC2 genesูุนูุง ุนุฏุฏ ูุนูู ู
ู ูุฐุง ุงู proteins ู
ู |
|
|
|
243 |
|
00:21:38,660 --> 00:21:44,940 |
|
ุงููู ูู glute 1 ูุบุงูุฉ glute 14 ูุชู
ุชุณู
ูุชูู
ูุนูู |
|
|
|
244 |
|
00:21:44,940 --> 00:21:49,920 |
|
ุจูุงุก ุนูู ุงูููุช ุงูุชุดุงููู
ุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูglute 1 ูุนูู ูู |
|
|
|
245 |
|
00:21:49,920 --> 00:21:56,900 |
|
ูุฐุง ุฃูู protein ุชู
ุงูุชุดุงูู ูู ูุฐูุงูุนุงุฆูุฉุ ูุชู
|
|
|
|
246 |
|
00:21:56,900 --> 00:22:01,760 |
|
ุชูุณูู
ูุฐู ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุฅูู ุชูุช ุฃูุณุงู
ุจุนุฏ ูููุ ุฒู ู
ุง |
|
|
|
247 |
|
00:22:01,760 --> 00:22:04,000 |
|
ุงุญูุง ุดุงูููู ูู ุนูุฏูุง class oneุ ูู ุนูุฏูุง class |
|
|
|
248 |
|
00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:08,400 |
|
twoุ ููู ุนูุฏูุง ุงููู ูู class threeุ ูุฐู ุงูุชูุณูู
ุฉ |
|
|
|
249 |
|
00:22:08,400 --> 00:22:13,400 |
|
ุชู
ุช ุจูุงุกู ุนูู ุงูู sequence similaritiesุ ูุจูุงุกู |
|
|
|
250 |
|
00:22:13,400 --> 00:22:19,380 |
|
ุนูู ุงููู ูู ุงูุชุดุงุจู ุจุงูุฎุตุงุฆุต ููุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ |
|
|
|
251 |
|
00:22:22,100 --> 00:22:26,260 |
|
ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ ูุนูู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุฒู ู
ุง ูู ูุงุถุญ ุญุงู |
|
|
|
252 |
|
00:22:26,260 --> 00:22:30,680 |
|
ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูู Table ููู tissues ู
ุฎุชููุฉุ ูุนูู ุฅู ุงูู |
|
|
|
253 |
|
00:22:30,680 --> 00:22:33,660 |
|
Glut1 ุนูู ุณุจูู ุงูู
ุซุงูุงููู ูู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจุงูู |
|
|
|
254 |
|
00:22:33,660 --> 00:22:37,800 |
|
Erythrocyteุ ุงูู Brainุ Blood-Brain Barrierุ Fetal |
|
|
|
255 |
|
00:22:37,800 --> 00:22:41,300 |
|
Tissuesุ Glut2 ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู Liver ู Beta Cells of |
|
|
|
256 |
|
00:22:41,300 --> 00:22:45,200 |
|
the Pancreasุ Glut4ุ Skeletal Muscle ู Cardiac |
|
|
|
257 |
|
00:22:45,200 --> 00:22:48,480 |
|
Muscle ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุจูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงูุฃููุงุน ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ ู
ู ูุฐู |
|
|
|
258 |
|
00:22:48,480 --> 00:22:52,860 |
|
ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู tissues ู
ุฎุชููุฉ ูู
ู
ูู ูุฌู ุฃูุชุฑ |
|
|
|
259 |
|
00:22:52,860 --> 00:23:01,270 |
|
ู
ู ููุน ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ููุณ ุงูู tissueูุจุนุถ ูุฐู ุงูุฃููุงุน ู
ู |
|
|
|
260 |
|
00:23:01,270 --> 00:23:07,550 |
|
ุงูู protein ุงููู ูู ุงูู Glute ุจููุนุจ ุฏูุฑ ุบูุฑ ุงููู |
|
|
|
261 |
|
00:23:07,550 --> 00:23:13,530 |
|
ูู ู
ูุถูุน ููู ูู Glucose ุฒู ุฃู ุงูู Glute 9 ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
262 |
|
00:23:13,530 --> 00:23:18,300 |
|
Transports Ureaุนูุง ุนูู ุณุจูู ุงูู
ุซุงู ุงููู ูู ยซGlut |
|
|
|
263 |
|
00:23:18,300 --> 00:23:24,260 |
|
-13ยป ยซููุฏุงยป ยซุชุฑุงูุณุจูุฑุฒยป ยซู
ุงููยป ยซุงููุณูุชููยป ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
264 |
|
00:23:24,260 --> 00:23:29,000 |
|
ููู ูุนูู tissues ุฒู ุงูู ยซุจุฑุงููยป ูุงูู ยซุฃููุจูุฒยป |
|
|
|
265 |
|
00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:35,200 |
|
tissue ูุจูู ุฃุบูุจ ูุฐู ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ู
ุณุฆููุฉ ุนู ููู ูู |
|
|
|
266 |
|
00:23:35,200 --> 00:23:41,000 |
|
ยซุฌููููุฒยป ููู ุนูุง ููู ุฒู ู
ุง ุดูููุง ุงูุจุนุถ ู
ููุง ุจูููู |
|
|
|
267 |
|
00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:42,360 |
|
ุจูุงุฏ ุฃุฎุฑู |
|
|
|
268 |
|
00:23:46,070 --> 00:23:49,510 |
|
ูุคูุงุก ุงูุงูุชุฌุงุฑุงุช ุชู
ุชุณู
ุญ ุจู Glut-1 ูู Glut-14 |
|
|
|
269 |
|
00:23:49,510 --> 00:23:55,390 |
|
ุจูุงุกู ุนูู ุญุฑูุฉ ุงูุงูุชุฌุงุฑุงุช ุงูุชู ุชู
ุงูุชุดุงููุงุ 11 ุชู
|
|
|
|
270 |
|
00:23:55,390 --> 00:24:02,410 |
|
ุฅุธูุงุฑูุง ูุฅูุชุฌุงุฑ ุงููููููุฒุ ููุฐูู ุงููุซูุฑ |
|
|
|
271 |
|
00:24:02,410 --> 00:24:07,470 |
|
ู
ููู
ููุชุฌูู ุฃูุถูุง ุฑููุฒูุฒ ู
ุซู Galactose, Fractose, |
|
|
|
272 |
|
00:24:07,930 --> 00:24:14,310 |
|
Manose ู Exyloseูู
ุซุงู ุนูู ูุฐู ุงูุจุฑูุชููุงุช ุงููู |
|
|
|
273 |
|
00:24:14,310 --> 00:24:19,310 |
|
ุจุชุนู
ู ุนูู ููู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุญูููุง ุนูู glut4 when |
|
|
|
274 |
|
00:24:19,310 --> 00:24:23,150 |
|
circulating insulin concentrations are low most of |
|
|
|
275 |
|
00:24:23,150 --> 00:24:26,630 |
|
the glut4 is localized in intracellular |
|
|
|
276 |
|
00:24:26,630 --> 00:24:30,810 |
|
compartments ูุจูู ูู
ุง ูููู ุนูุฏูุง ู
ุณุชููุงุช ุงูุงูุณูููู |
|
|
|
277 |
|
00:24:30,810 --> 00:24:35,830 |
|
ููููุฉ ู
ูุฎูุถุฉ ูุนูู ุจู
ุนูุงู ุฃูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงู glucose |
|
|
|
278 |
|
00:24:35,830 --> 00:24:40,020 |
|
concentration ูู ุงูุฏู
ูุนูู ุถู
ูุงูู Reference |
|
|
|
279 |
|
00:24:40,020 --> 00:24:43,860 |
|
Interval ุฃู ุถู
ู ูุนูู ุงูู Reference Range ูุจูู |
|
|
|
280 |
|
00:24:43,860 --> 00:24:47,400 |
|
ุจูููู ุฃู ุงูู Glucose Transporter ุงููู ูู ู
ุซููุง |
|
|
|
281 |
|
00:24:47,400 --> 00:24:53,240 |
|
ู
ุซููุง Glut4 ุจูููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุฏุงุฎู ุงูู Cytoplasm ูู |
|
|
|
282 |
|
00:24:53,240 --> 00:24:57,420 |
|
ุฏุงุฎู ุงูุฎููุฉุ ุจูููู ู
ุด ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุนูู ุงู cell membrane |
|
|
|
283 |
|
00:24:57,420 --> 00:25:00,960 |
|
ูุจูู Localized in Intracellular compartments and |
|
|
|
284 |
|
00:25:00,960 --> 00:25:08,310 |
|
is inactive ููู ุจุนุฏ ู
ุง ุงูุฅูุณุงู ุจูุชูุงูู ุงูุทุนุงู
ู |
|
|
|
285 |
|
00:25:08,310 --> 00:25:12,330 |
|
ุงููู ูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ููู carbohydrates ูุจูู ุจูุจุฏุฃ ูุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
286 |
|
00:25:12,330 --> 00:25:19,410 |
|
ูููุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ู
ุณุชูู ุงู insulin ู ุฒู ู
ุง ุดููุง ุจุงู |
|
|
|
287 |
|
00:25:19,410 --> 00:25:24,570 |
|
figure ุงูุฎุงุต ุจุงูู
ููุงูุฒู
ู
ู ุถู
ู ุงู mechanisms ุงููู |
|
|
|
288 |
|
00:25:24,570 --> 00:25:30,910 |
|
ุจูููู
ูููุง ุงู insulin ููุงูู Activation ูู AKTุ ููู |
|
|
|
289 |
|
00:25:30,910 --> 00:25:37,410 |
|
ู
ุณุฆูู ุนู ุญุฏูุซ Translocation ูุฌููุชููุฑ ูุจูุงุฒู
ุงู
ู
ุจุฑูู |
|
|
|
290 |
|
00:25:37,410 --> 00:25:42,630 |
|
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุฏุฎูู ูู
ูุงุช ุฃูุจุฑ ู
ู ุงูุฌููููุฒ into skeletal |
|
|
|
291 |
|
00:25:42,630 --> 00:25:50,510 |
|
muscle and fatุงูุฅูุณููููู ูุฏูุน ุงูุฌููููุฒ ููุชูุงุตู ุฅูู |
|
|
|
292 |
|
00:25:50,510 --> 00:25:54,250 |
|
ุงูุฌูุฏ ุงูุงุณูููุชุงูู ูููู ู
ูุงุฑููุง ูู ุงูู Type 2 |
|
|
|
293 |
|
00:25:54,250 --> 00:25:58,450 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus ูููู ุงูู
ููุงููุฒู
ูู
ูุชู
ุฅุตูุงุญูุ |
|
|
|
294 |
|
00:25:58,450 --> 00:26:02,430 |
|
ุจูุฐุง ู
ู ุงูู
ุดููุงุช ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
Type |
|
|
|
295 |
|
00:26:02,430 --> 00:26:05,860 |
|
2 Diabetes Mellitusุฅูู ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู Insulin |
|
|
|
296 |
|
00:26:05,860 --> 00:26:09,780 |
|
Stimulated Glucose Transport ุงููู ูู ุฒู ู
ุง ุญูููุง |
|
|
|
297 |
|
00:26:09,780 --> 00:26:12,360 |
|
ุฅูู ุงูู Translocation ุงููู ุจุชุณูููุง ููู |
|
|
|
298 |
|
00:26:12,360 --> 00:26:15,900 |
|
Transporters ู ุงููู ุจุชุณู
ุญ ุจุฏุฎูู ูู
ูุงุช ูุจูุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงูู |
|
|
|
299 |
|
00:26:15,900 --> 00:26:20,880 |
|
Glucose ูุฐู ุจูุตูุฑ ูููุง ู
ุดููุฉ ุนูุฏ ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
|
|
|
|
300 |
|
00:26:20,880 --> 00:26:24,520 |
|
type 2 diabetes mellitus ููุฐุง ุงููู ุจูุคุฏู ุฅูู ุทุจุนุง |
|
|
|
301 |
|
00:26:24,520 --> 00:26:28,880 |
|
ุงูู Hyperglycemia ู ุงูุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงููู ูู ุงูู Glucose |
|
|
|
302 |
|
00:26:28,880 --> 00:26:33,180 |
|
ุงููุจูุฑ ุงููู ุจูุตูุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุชูุงูู ุงููุงุฌุจุงุช |
|
|
|
303 |
|
00:26:36,140 --> 00:26:40,380 |
|
ุงููุฑู
ูู ุงูุขุฎุฑ ุงูุฃุณุงุณู ุงููู ุจููุนุจ ุฏูุฑ ูู ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูู |
|
|
|
304 |
|
00:26:40,380 --> 00:26:46,460 |
|
Regulation ููุฌููููุฒ ุฃูู ุงูู Glucagon ูู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู |
|
|
|
305 |
|
00:26:46,460 --> 00:26:52,320 |
|
29-Amino Acid Polypeptide ูุจูุชู
ุฅูุฑุงุฒู ู
ู ุฎูุงูุง |
|
|
|
306 |
|
00:26:52,320 --> 00:26:56,820 |
|
ุชุณู
ู ุงูู Fossils ููุฐู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู Islets of |
|
|
|
307 |
|
00:26:56,820 --> 00:27:04,370 |
|
Langerhans ูู ุงูุจููุฑูุงุณุงูู Glucagon ุฃูุถูุง ุจูููุฑุฒ |
|
|
|
308 |
|
00:27:04,370 --> 00:27:10,530 |
|
ุฃู ุจูุชู
ุจู cellosynthesis in an inactive form Pro |
|
|
|
309 |
|
00:27:10,530 --> 00:27:18,140 |
|
-Glucagon ูุจุนุฏ ููู ุจูุตูุฑ ูููุง ุฃูุงูุชููุดู ููุฐุง |
|
|
|
310 |
|
00:27:18,140 --> 00:27:22,640 |
|
ุงูุจุฑูุชูู ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงูู Pro-Hormone Convertease-II |
|
|
|
311 |
|
00:27:22,640 --> 00:27:27,860 |
|
ุงููู ุจูุตูุฑ ููููุด ูุฌุฒุก ู
ู ุงูู Pro-Glucagon ูุจูุชุญูู |
|
|
|
312 |
|
00:27:27,860 --> 00:27:33,100 |
|
ุฅูู Active-Glucagon Major target organ for |
|
|
|
313 |
|
00:27:33,100 --> 00:27:37,960 |
|
glucagon is the liverูุงุญูุง ุนุงุฑููู ุฅูู ุงูู Glucagon |
|
|
|
314 |
|
00:27:37,960 --> 00:27:43,600 |
|
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู hyperglycemic agent ูุจูู ูู ุจูุนู
ู ุนูู ุฑูุน |
|
|
|
315 |
|
00:27:43,600 --> 00:27:53,280 |
|
ู
ุณุชูู ูุฌููุฌูุฒ ูู ุงูุฏู
ูู ุญุงู ุงููู ูู ุงูุตูุงู
ูุจูู |
|
|
|
316 |
|
00:27:53,280 --> 00:27:57,660 |
|
ููู ุงู liverุ ุงู glucagon ุจูุฑุชุจุท ูููุน ู
ู ุงู |
|
|
|
317 |
|
00:27:57,660 --> 00:28:01,660 |
|
receptors ุงููู ูุณู
ู G-protein coupled receptor |
|
|
|
318 |
|
00:28:03,400 --> 00:28:08,720 |
|
ุงูุฐู ูุชู
ุฅุธูุงุฑู ุนุงูููุง ูู ุงูุฌูุฏ ูุงูููู ูุนูู ุฃูู |
|
|
|
319 |
|
00:28:08,720 --> 00:28:14,400 |
|
ู
ุฏู ูู ุฃุดูุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู ู
ุซู ููู ุฃุฏุจููุ ุจุงููุฑูุงู ูุนูู |
|
|
|
320 |
|
00:28:14,400 --> 00:28:20,420 |
|
ุนููู.ุงูุฌูููุงุฌูู ุชุดุฌุน ูุดุทุฉ ุงููุตูู ููุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงูุฌูุฏ |
|
|
|
321 |
|
00:28:20,880 --> 00:28:24,840 |
|
ุจู Predominantly by Glucogenolysis ุจูุงุฏู ุงูุนู
ููุงุช |
|
|
|
322 |
|
00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:28,820 |
|
ุงููู ุจูุดุชุบู ู
ู ุฎูุงููุง ุงูุฌูููุงุฌูู ูุงููู ุจูุนู
ู ุนูู |
|
|
|
323 |
|
00:28:28,820 --> 00:28:32,500 |
|
ุฑูุน ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุฃู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุฃููู |
|
|
|
324 |
|
00:28:32,500 --> 00:28:35,660 |
|
Glucogenolysis ุงููู ูู ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุชูุณูุฑ ุงููู ุจุชุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
325 |
|
00:28:35,660 --> 00:28:42,400 |
|
ูููGlycogen ุงููู ุชู
ุชุฎุฒููู ูุฃูุถุง ูุจูู ุงูุงูุชุงุฌ ูุงู |
|
|
|
326 |
|
00:28:42,400 --> 00:28:48,180 |
|
ูุฌููููุฒ ู
ู ุงููู ูู ุงููGlycogen stores ูุฃูุถุง ุจุฑุถู |
|
|
|
327 |
|
00:28:48,180 --> 00:28:52,090 |
|
ููู ุฃูู Gluconeogenesisุงููู ูู production of |
|
|
|
328 |
|
00:28:52,090 --> 00:28:56,470 |
|
glucose from non-carbohydrate sources ุจุฌูุฉ ุฏู ุจุฑุถู |
|
|
|
329 |
|
00:28:56,470 --> 00:29:03,670 |
|
ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ุจุณููุง activation ูุจุฑุถู ุจููุณ ุงูููุช ูุงู |
|
|
|
330 |
|
00:29:03,670 --> 00:29:07,890 |
|
ุนู
ููุฉ ุงููู ูู ุงูุชุฎุฒูู ููุฌููููุฒ ุจุณููุง inhibition |
|
|
|
331 |
|
00:29:07,890 --> 00:29:11,690 |
|
ุจุฌูุฉ glucogenesis ุจุณููุง inhibition ูุฅู ุงุญูุง ููุง |
|
|
|
332 |
|
00:29:11,690 --> 00:29:17,130 |
|
ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅูู ุฑูุน ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงูุฏู
|
|
|
|
333 |
|
00:29:19,720 --> 00:29:23,220 |
|
ุงูู Glucagon secretion is regulated primarily by |
|
|
|
334 |
|
00:29:23,220 --> 00:29:27,420 |
|
plasma glucose concentrationsุ ุจูุญุณุจ ู
ุณุชูู |
|
|
|
335 |
|
00:29:27,420 --> 00:29:31,700 |
|
ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ุฅุฐุง ุงูุฎูุถ ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ูู ุงูุฏู
|
|
|
|
336 |
|
00:29:31,700 --> 00:29:37,460 |
|
ุนู 70ุ ูุจุฌููุง ุฃู ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง stimulation ููู |
|
|
|
337 |
|
00:29:37,460 --> 00:29:41,160 |
|
alpha cells ูู ุงูุจููุฑูุงุฒ ุนุดุงู ุชุนู
ู release |
|
|
|
338 |
|
00:29:41,160 --> 00:29:42,580 |
|
ููุฌูููุงุฌูู |
|
|
|
339 |
|
00:29:44,380 --> 00:29:47,700 |
|
with low and high plasma glucose being stimulatory |
|
|
|
340 |
|
00:29:47,700 --> 00:29:52,220 |
|
and inhibitory respectively ููู
ูุง ูููู ุนูุฏูุง ุงู |
|
|
|
341 |
|
00:29:52,220 --> 00:29:56,360 |
|
plasma glucose ู
ูุฎูุถุฉ ูุจูู ุฏู ุจูุนู
ู stimulation ู |
|
|
|
342 |
|
00:29:56,360 --> 00:30:01,480 |
|
ุงู release of glucagon ููู ูู ูุงู ุนูุฏูุง ุงู plasma |
|
|
|
343 |
|
00:30:01,480 --> 00:30:06,190 |
|
glucose ู
ุฑุชูุนุฉูุจูู ู
ุนูุงุชู ุญูุตูุฑ ููู ุฅูู ูู ูุฐู |
|
|
|
344 |
|
00:30:06,190 --> 00:30:10,250 |
|
ุงูุญุงูุฉ Release ูู Insulin ู ุงููู ููุนู
ู Inhibition |
|
|
|
345 |
|
00:30:10,250 --> 00:30:15,030 |
|
ุนูู ุงูู Alpha Cells ูุจุงูุชุงูู ููููู ู
ู ุฅูุฑุงุฒ |
|
|
|
346 |
|
00:30:15,030 --> 00:30:19,590 |
|
ููGlucagon Long-standing diabetes mellitus impairs |
|
|
|
347 |
|
00:30:19,590 --> 00:30:24,110 |
|
the glucagon response to hypoglycemia ููุฐู ู
ุดููุฉ |
|
|
|
348 |
|
00:30:24,110 --> 00:30:30,790 |
|
ู
ู ุงูู
ุดููุงุช ุงููู ู
ู
ูู ุชููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุนูุฏ ุงููุงุณ ุงููู |
|
|
|
349 |
|
00:30:30,790 --> 00:30:37,630 |
|
ุนูุฏูู
diabetesูุงููู ุจุชุคุฏู ุฅูู ุญุฏูุซ Hypoiglycemia |
|
|
|
350 |
|
00:30:37,630 --> 00:30:42,810 |
|
ูุจูู ุงูู Longstanding Diabetes Mellitus ุจูุฃุซุฑ ุนูู |
|
|
|
351 |
|
00:30:42,810 --> 00:30:49,010 |
|
ุงูู Glucagon response to Hypoiglycemiaูุจูู ุงูู
ูุฑูุถ |
|
|
|
352 |
|
00:30:49,010 --> 00:30:52,310 |
|
ุฅุญูุง ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุง ุฅูู ูู ุตุงุฑ ูููุง ุงูุฎูุงุถ ูุฌููููุฒ ุนู |
|
|
|
353 |
|
00:30:52,310 --> 00:30:56,210 |
|
70 ู
ููู ุฌุฑุงู
per ุฏูุณููุชุฑ ูุจูู ู
ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุงูู
ูุฑูุถ ูุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
354 |
|
00:30:56,210 --> 00:31:01,150 |
|
ูู release ูููGlucagon ููู ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุฅุตุงุจุฉ |
|
|
|
355 |
|
00:31:01,150 --> 00:31:05,430 |
|
ุจูุชุฑุฉ ุทูููุฉ ุจุงููDiabetes Mellitus ูุฐุง ููุฃุซุฑ ุนูู |
|
|
|
356 |
|
00:31:05,430 --> 00:31:10,910 |
|
ูุฐู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐุง ููุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงููHypoglycemic |
|
|
|
357 |
|
00:31:10,910 --> 00:31:12,050 |
|
episodes |
|
|
|
358 |
|
00:31:15,550 --> 00:31:19,530 |
|
ุจู
ุง ูุชุนูู ุจุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
type 1 diabetes |
|
|
|
359 |
|
00:31:19,530 --> 00:31:27,410 |
|
mellitus ูู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงูุฃุจุญุงุซ ุงูู
ุฎุชููุฉ ูุฌูุง ุฅูู ุงููู |
|
|
|
360 |
|
00:31:27,410 --> 00:31:29,770 |
|
ูู ุงูู response ุฃู ุงูู glucagonal response |
|
|
|
361 |
|
00:31:29,770 --> 00:31:37,130 |
|
ูููุจูุฅุฌููุณูู
ูุง ู
ู
ูู ุชุญุฏุซ ูู ูุชุฑุฉ ูุตูุฑุฉ ูู ุงููุงุณ |
|
|
|
362 |
|
00:31:37,130 --> 00:31:40,880 |
|
ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
type 1 diabetes mellitusุทุจุนุง ูุจูู ู
ู
ูู |
|
|
|
363 |
|
00:31:40,880 --> 00:31:46,300 |
|
ูุฐู ุชุญุฏุซ ูู ูุชุฑุฉ ูุตูุฑุฉ ูุนูู ู
ู
ูู ุชุญุฏุซ ูู ูุชุฑุฉ ุงููู |
|
|
|
364 |
|
00:31:46,300 --> 00:31:52,380 |
|
ูู ูุง ุชุชุฌุงูุฒ ู
ู
ูู ุงูุดูุฑ ุฃู ุงูุดูุฑููู
ู
ูู ูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุง |
|
|
|
365 |
|
00:31:52,380 --> 00:31:58,340 |
|
ููู ู
ุดููุฉ ุงููGlucagon ุฃู ุงููู ูู ุงูุฎูุงุถ ูู |
|
|
|
366 |
|
00:31:58,340 --> 00:32:02,520 |
|
ุงููGlucagon response to hypoglycemia ุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฐุง |
|
|
|
367 |
|
00:32:02,520 --> 00:32:09,680 |
|
ูููุง ุฅูู ุจูุนู
ู ู
ู
ูู ู
ุดููุฉ ูู
ู
ูู ูุฒูุฏ ู
ู ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
368 |
|
00:32:09,680 --> 00:32:14,360 |
|
ุญุฏูุซ ุงููhypoglycemia episodes and ูุฏูู ุงูู
ุฑุถู |
|
|
|
369 |
|
00:32:14,360 --> 00:32:19,340 |
|
Stress exercise and amino acids induce glucagon |
|
|
|
370 |
|
00:32:19,340 --> 00:32:24,040 |
|
releaseุงูู IB ูุฐู ูููุง ุฃููุฏ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅูู ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู |
|
|
|
371 |
|
00:32:24,040 --> 00:32:29,840 |
|
ู
ุณุชูู ุงูุฌููููุฒุฉ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูููุง ุจุชุนู
ู ุนูู ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุงูู |
|
|
|
372 |
|
00:32:29,840 --> 00:32:33,940 |
|
release of glucagon ุทูุจ ุงู stress ุงู exercise ุฏู
|
|
|
|
373 |
|
00:32:33,940 --> 00:32:37,300 |
|
ู
ุชูููู ุฃู ูุฐู ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅูู ุงููู ูู ุงูุฌููููุฒุฉ |
|
|
|
374 |
|
00:32:37,300 --> 00:32:40,140 |
|
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุจุฏูุง glucagon release ุทุจ ุงู amino acids |
|
|
|
375 |
|
00:32:40,140 --> 00:32:45,900 |
|
ูุนูู ุงูู
ูุฑูุถ ุงู amino acids ุฃู
ุชู ุจุชุตูุฑ ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู |
|
|
|
376 |
|
00:32:45,900 --> 00:32:48,240 |
|
ุงูุฏู
ุฃู ุชุฒูุฏ ุงู concentration ูู ุงูุฏู
ุจุนุฏ ุชูุงูู |
|
|
|
377 |
|
00:32:48,240 --> 00:32:52,980 |
|
ูุฌุจุฉุทุจ ููุด ุจูู ุฃูุชูุง ูู ุงููุดุจุฉ ุจุฏู ูุฑุชูุน ุนูุฏูุง |
|
|
|
378 |
|
00:32:52,980 --> 00:32:56,120 |
|
ุงููGlucagonุ ู
ุน ุฃูู ุงูู
ูุฑูุถ ุฃูู ูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏูุง |
|
|
|
379 |
|
00:32:56,120 --> 00:33:01,400 |
|
ุงูุฎูุงุถุ ูุงููู ูุฑุชูุน ูู ุงููInsulinุ ููุนูููุง |
|
|
|
380 |
|
00:33:01,400 --> 00:33:07,740 |
|
ุงููInsulin ุจูุฑุชูุนุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ููู ุจุฑุถู ุงููAmino Acids |
|
|
|
381 |
|
00:33:07,740 --> 00:33:15,570 |
|
ุจุชุนู
ู ุนูู ุฑูุน ุงููGlucagonููุฐู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ูุนูู ูููุง |
|
|
|
382 |
|
00:33:15,570 --> 00:33:21,290 |
|
ุชูุงุฒู ูู
ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงูู glucose concentration ูู
ุฑุชุจุทุฉ |
|
|
|
383 |
|
00:33:21,290 --> 00:33:27,570 |
|
ุจุงูู insulin ุฃูุถูุง ูุฃูู ุงุญูุง ุนูุฏูุง ุงูุฌุณู
ุงูุขู ุจุนุฏ |
|
|
|
384 |
|
00:33:27,570 --> 00:33:31,870 |
|
ุชูุงูู ูุฌุจุฉุตุงุฑ ูููุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ุงูู Amino Acids ุตุงุฑ |
|
|
|
385 |
|
00:33:31,870 --> 00:33:36,350 |
|
ูููุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูู ุงูุฌููููุฒ ุตุงุฑ ูููุง ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ููุฅูุณููู |
|
|
|
386 |
|
00:33:36,350 --> 00:33:40,210 |
|
ูุงูุฅูุณููู ุจุฏุฃ ูุฎูุถ ู
ู ู
ุณุชููุงุช ุงูุฌููููุฒ ุจุงูุฏู
ูุจูู |
|
|
|
387 |
|
00:33:40,210 --> 00:33:44,550 |
|
ุฃุญูุง ู
ุง ููุฏุฑุด ุฃูู ูููู ุนู
ู ุงูู Alpha cells |
|
|
|
388 |
|
00:33:44,550 --> 00:33:48,630 |
|
ูู
ุงููููุด ูููุง Glucagon ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูุฏู
ูุฃู ูุฐุง ู
ู
ูู |
|
|
|
389 |
|
00:33:48,630 --> 00:33:52,750 |
|
ูุคุฏู ุฅูู ุญุฏูุซ Hypo-Glycemia ูุนูู ูุฐู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ุจูุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
390 |
|
00:33:52,750 --> 00:33:57,110 |
|
ูููุง ุชูุงุฒู ูุจูุจุฏุฃ ูุตูุฑ ูููุง ูุนูู Release ููู
ูุงุช |
|
|
|
391 |
|
00:33:57,520 --> 00:34:02,580 |
|
ุจุณูุทุฉ ู
ู ุงููGlucagon ุนุดุงู ูู
ูุน ู
ู ุญุฏูุซ |
|
|
|
392 |
|
00:34:02,580 --> 00:34:09,040 |
|
ุงููHypoglycemia.ุฅูุณูููู ูููุจุท ุฅุทูุงู ุงููGlucagon ู
ู |
|
|
|
393 |
|
00:34:09,040 --> 00:34:13,360 |
|
ุงูุจููุฑูุงุช ููููู ุฅุทูุงู ุงููGlucagon ูู ุฅุธูุงุฑ ุงูุฌูุฉ |
|
|
|
394 |
|
00:34:13,360 --> 00:34:17,920 |
|
ุจู
ุฌุฑุฏ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุจูู-ุณููุชูุฒุงุชูุง ุฒู ู
ุง ุญูููุง ูุจู ุดููุฉ |
|
|
|
395 |
|
00:34:17,920 --> 00:34:22,000 |
|
ููููุง ุฅู ุงูุฅูุณูููู ุจูุนู
ู Inhibition ุนูู ุงููAlpha |
|
|
|
396 |
|
00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:29,090 |
|
cellsููู ุจุงูุชุงูู ุจูู
ูุน ุงูู glucagon release ููุฐุง |
|
|
|
397 |
|
00:34:29,090 --> 00:34:33,490 |
|
ุจูููู ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงููู ูู ุฎูุถ ุงูู glucagon gene |
|
|
|
398 |
|
00:34:33,490 --> 00:34:41,110 |
|
expression ูู ุฃุฎูู ุงูู alpha cells increase |
|
|
|
399 |
|
00:34:41,110 --> 00:34:44,350 |
|
in glucagon concentrations secondary to insulin |
|
|
|
400 |
|
00:34:44,350 --> 00:34:47,870 |
|
deficiency are believed to contribute to the |
|
|
|
401 |
|
00:34:47,870 --> 00:34:53,090 |
|
hyperglycemia and ketosis of diabetesุฃุญูุง ูููุง ุฅูู |
|
|
|
402 |
|
00:34:53,090 --> 00:34:57,490 |
|
ุงูู Insulin ุจูุนู
ู Inhibition ุนูู ุงูู Alpha Cells |
|
|
|
403 |
|
00:34:57,490 --> 00:35:03,390 |
|
ูุจูู
ูุน ู
ู ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงูุฌูููุงุฌูู ุงูุขู ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
404 |
|
00:35:03,390 --> 00:35:06,890 |
|
ุงูู Type I Diabetes Mellitus ุฒู ู
ุง ูููุง ุฅูู ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
405 |
|
00:35:06,890 --> 00:35:11,310 |
|
Type I ูููุง Absolute Deficiency of Insulin ูุจูู |
|
|
|
406 |
|
00:35:11,310 --> 00:35:14,390 |
|
ู
ุงุฒุงู ุงูู Insulin ู
ุด ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูุจูู ุงูู Inhibitor |
|
|
|
407 |
|
00:35:14,390 --> 00:35:18,490 |
|
Effect ุงููู ุจูููู
ูููุง ุงูู Insulin ุนูู ุงูู Alpha |
|
|
|
408 |
|
00:35:18,490 --> 00:35:23,650 |
|
Cells ู
ุด ูุชููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉุจูุงุฏุฉ ููุคุฏู ุฅูู ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ูู |
|
|
|
409 |
|
00:35:23,650 --> 00:35:28,530 |
|
ุงููglucagon concentration ูู
ุง ุฒุงู ุตุงุฑ ูู ุนูุง ุฒูุงุฏุฉ |
|
|
|
410 |
|
00:35:28,530 --> 00:35:31,170 |
|
ูู ุงููglucagon concentration ูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุง |
|
|
|
411 |
|
00:35:31,170 --> 00:35:35,410 |
|
stimulation ูููgluconeogenesis ููุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุง ุงูู |
|
|
|
412 |
|
00:35:35,410 --> 00:35:39,450 |
|
ุงูุณูุฏุงุดู ููุงูู Fatty Acids ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุญูุตูุฑ ูููุง ุฅูู |
|
|
|
413 |
|
00:35:39,450 --> 00:35:45,770 |
|
ุฅูุชุงุฌ ููู
ูุงุช ูุจูุฑุฉ ู
ู ุงูู Ketone Bodies ููุฐุง ุงููู |
|
|
|
414 |
|
00:35:45,770 --> 00:35:50,930 |
|
ู
ู
ูู ูุคุฏู ุฅูู ุงูู Ketosis ุฃู Ketoacidosis ุนูุฏ |
|
|
|
415 |
|
00:35:50,930 --> 00:35:55,330 |
|
ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุนูุฏูู
type 1 diabetes malatus ุจุนุฏู
ูุฌูุฏ |
|
|
|
416 |
|
00:35:55,330 --> 00:36:00,790 |
|
ุงูุฅูุณูููู ู
ุน ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงูุฌูููุงุฌูู ูุฐุง ุงููู ู
ู
ูู ูููู |
|
|
|
417 |
|
00:36:00,790 --> 00:36:03,570 |
|
ุณุจุจ ุญุฏูุซ ุงูู Ketosis |
|
|
|
418 |
|
00:36:06,070 --> 00:36:11,360 |
|
ุบูุฑ ุงูู Alpha Cellsุ ูููุง ุฃูุถูุง ุฎูุงูุง ุฃุฎุฑูุจุชูุฑุฒ |
|
|
|
419 |
|
00:36:11,360 --> 00:36:16,680 |
|
ุงูู Pro-Glucagon ูู
ู ูุฐู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุนูุฏูุง ุงูู |
|
|
|
420 |
|
00:36:16,680 --> 00:36:20,000 |
|
Enteroendocrine ุงูู cells ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงูุฃู
ุนุงุก |
|
|
|
421 |
|
00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:27,120 |
|
ูุนูุฏูุง ุฃูุถูุง ุงูู neurons ุงููู ูู ูุฐู ุงูู neurons |
|
|
|
422 |
|
00:36:27,120 --> 00:36:30,360 |
|
ูู ุงููู ุจุชุนู
ู ุนูู ููู ูุนูู ููุน ู
ู ุงูู neurons ุงููู |
|
|
|
423 |
|
00:36:30,360 --> 00:36:35,580 |
|
ุจูุนู
ู ุนูู ููู ุงูู signals ู
ู ุงูู digestive tract |
|
|
|
424 |
|
00:36:35,580 --> 00:36:40,560 |
|
ูุจุฑุงูู ุฃู ู
ู ุจุฑุงูู ููุงูู Digestive Attract ุจููุฏู |
|
|
|
425 |
|
00:36:40,560 --> 00:36:45,000 |
|
ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุจุชุนู
ู ุฃูุถูุง ุนูู ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุฃู ุฅูุชุงุฌ ูู Pro |
|
|
|
426 |
|
00:36:45,000 --> 00:36:51,280 |
|
-Glucagon ูู ุงูู Intestinal L-cells Pro-Glucagon |
|
|
|
427 |
|
00:36:51,280 --> 00:36:55,940 |
|
ุจูุตููุง ุจุฑุถู ุฅููููุฌ ุนู ุทุฑูู Enzymes ูุฃู Pro-Hormone |
|
|
|
428 |
|
00:36:55,940 --> 00:37:01,870 |
|
Converters 1A3ูุจูุญูู ูุฐุง ุงูุงูุฒูู
ุจูุญูู ุงูู Pro |
|
|
|
429 |
|
00:37:01,870 --> 00:37:06,990 |
|
-Glucagon ุฅูู Glucagon-like peptide ุงููู ูุนูู GLP |
|
|
|
430 |
|
00:37:06,990 --> 00:37:15,430 |
|
-1 ู GLP-2 ู ุฃูุถูุง hormones ุฃุฎุฑู ูุฐุง ุงูููุน ู
ู ุงู |
|
|
|
431 |
|
00:37:15,430 --> 00:37:21,830 |
|
hormones ู ุงููู ุจูุชู
ุฅูุชุงุฌู ุจุณุจุจ ุงูุชูุงูู ุงูุทุนุงู
|
|
|
|
432 |
|
00:37:22,770 --> 00:37:26,070 |
|
ุจูุนู
ู stimulation ููู beta cells ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ |
|
|
|
433 |
|
00:37:26,070 --> 00:37:32,350 |
|
ุจุงูุจููุฑูุงุณ ูุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงูุฅูุณูููู ูุจูู potentiate |
|
|
|
434 |
|
00:37:32,350 --> 00:37:36,750 |
|
glucose-induced insulin secretion ุฃูุถูุง ูุจูุนู
ู |
|
|
|
435 |
|
00:37:36,750 --> 00:37:42,130 |
|
inhibition ููglucagon secretionุจุงูู GLB1 ูุนูุง |
|
|
|
436 |
|
00:37:42,130 --> 00:37:47,070 |
|
ุฃูุถูุง ูุฑู
ูู ุขุฎุฑ Gestric Inhibitory Polypeptide ุฃู |
|
|
|
437 |
|
00:37:47,070 --> 00:37:49,510 |
|
ุจุฑูุชูู ุขุฎุฑ ุงููู ูู ุงูู Gestric Inhibitory |
|
|
|
438 |
|
00:37:49,510 --> 00:37:55,710 |
|
Polypeptide ุจุฑุถู ูุฏูู ุงููู ูู ุงูู two hormones |
|
|
|
439 |
|
00:37:55,710 --> 00:38:00,830 |
|
ู
ุณุฆูููู for up to 70% of postprandial insulin |
|
|
|
440 |
|
00:38:00,830 --> 00:38:01,810 |
|
secretion |
|
|
|
441 |
|
00:38:04,000 --> 00:38:08,740 |
|
ูุจูู ู
ุน ุชูุงูู ุงูุทุนุงู
ุ ูู ุนูุฏูุง ูุฑู
ููุงุช ุงููู ุจุชุชู
|
|
|
|
442 |
|
00:38:08,740 --> 00:38:13,460 |
|
ุฅูุชุงุฌูุงุ ููุฐู ุงููุฑู
ููุงุช ุจุชุนู
ู ุงููู ูู stimulation |
|
|
|
443 |
|
00:38:13,460 --> 00:38:20,160 |
|
ูุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุงูู Insulin ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุนุฏู
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงูู glucose |
|
|
|
444 |
|
00:38:20,160 --> 00:38:23,660 |
|
ูู ุงูุฏู
ุฅูู ู
ุณุชููุงุช ู
ุฑุชูุนุฉ |
|
|
|
445 |
|
00:38:26,930 --> 00:38:34,350 |
|
ุงูู GLP-1 ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุชุดูุฒ ู
ุฎุชููุฉ ูู
ุด ููุท ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
446 |
|
00:38:34,350 --> 00:38:40,550 |
|
Pancreas ูุจูู widely expressed ูุจุชูุนุจ ุฏูุฑ ู
ูู
ูู |
|
|
|
447 |
|
00:38:40,550 --> 00:38:45,210 |
|
ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูู regulation ููุฌููููุฒ concentration ู
ู |
|
|
|
448 |
|
00:38:45,210 --> 00:38:51,670 |
|
ุฎูุงู ู
ููุงููุฒู
ุฒ ู
ุฎุชููุฉ ูู
ู ุถู
ู ูุฐู ุงูู
ููุงููุฒู
ุฒ ุฅู |
|
|
|
449 |
|
00:38:51,670 --> 00:38:55,930 |
|
ุงูู inhibition of glucose production and food |
|
|
|
450 |
|
00:38:55,930 --> 00:39:02,500 |
|
intakeุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุจูู ู
ู ุถู
ู ุงููู ูู ุงูู .. ุงูู |
|
|
|
451 |
|
00:39:02,500 --> 00:39:04,560 |
|
mechanisms ุทุจุนุง ุฒู ู
ุง ุญูููุง ุฃูุง ุงูุณุงุจู ูุฅูู ุจุฒูุฏ |
|
|
|
452 |
|
00:39:04,560 --> 00:39:10,780 |
|
ุงูู insulin secretion ููู ุจุฑุถู ุจูู
ูุน ู
ู ุงู glucose |
|
|
|
453 |
|
00:39:10,780 --> 00:39:15,580 |
|
production ูุจูู
ูุน ุจุฑุถู ุฃู ุจูููู ู
ู
ูู ู
ู ุงู uptake |
|
|
|
454 |
|
00:39:15,580 --> 00:39:22,080 |
|
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุงู food intake ุนุดุงู ููู ุงู GLP-1 |
|
|
|
455 |
|
00:39:22,080 --> 00:39:26,020 |
|
analoguesare generating interest in the treatment |
|
|
|
456 |
|
00:39:26,020 --> 00:39:31,800 |
|
of type 2 diabetes ูู ุนูุฏูุง ุฃุฏููุฉ ููุฐู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู |
|
|
|
457 |
|
00:39:31,800 --> 00:39:37,800 |
|
GLB1 Analog ุชู
ุงู
ุจูุบูุฑ ุฃูู ู
ู
ูู ุชุนู
ู release |
|
|
|
458 |
|
00:39:37,800 --> 00:39:41,920 |
|
ููุฅูุณููู ููู ุจุฑุถู ุจุชููู ู
ู ุฅูุชุงุฌ ุงููุงูู glucose |
|
|
|
459 |
|
00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:50,240 |
|
ูุฃูุถุง ุจุชููู ู
ู ุงู uptakeููู ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุฏููุฉ ูุนูู ุชู
|
|
|
|
460 |
|
00:39:50,240 --> 00:39:55,240 |
|
ุฅูุชุงุฌูุง ูุญุตูุช ุนูู ุงูู Approval ู
ู ุงูู Food and |
|
|
|
461 |
|
00:39:55,240 --> 00:40:00,580 |
|
Drug Administration ูุฅุณุชุนู
ุงููุง ู
ุน ู
ุฑุถู Type 2 |
|
|
|
462 |
|
00:40:00,580 --> 00:40:02,440 |
|
Diabetes Mellitus |
|
|
|
|