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The following events were reported: Hail. These occurred near station USW00003017, approximately 27.8164 km away, between 2018-04-13 00:45:00 and 2018-04-13 00:45:00. The events included records with hailstones measuring 0.75 inches.Thankfully, no injuries or fatalities were reported. No significant property or crop damage was reported. Episode Narrative: A powerful storm system moved over northeast Colorado on the 13th, then slowly exited into the Central Plains on the 14th. The storm produced blizzard conditions over the far northeastern plains of Colorado, with high winds elsewhere. Snow and blowing snow produced extensive drifting snow up to 7 feet deep, along with near zero visibility. The dangerous conditions made the roads impassable and stranded motorists over northeast Lincoln, Logan, Phillips, Sedgwick, and Washington counties. Consequently, I-76 east of Sterling, I-70 east of Limon and nearly all other roads and highways across Northeast and East-Central Colorado were closed due to hazardous driving conditions. In total, more than a dozen semi-trucks were blown over. Eight semi trucks west of Akron, along Colorado Highway 34 were blown over. Blizzard conditions made it nearly impossible to get tow trucks to accidents and rescue stranded motorists. The dangerous conditions also caused widespread power outages and strayed cattle. Some livestock was lost, mainly calves.||Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted in the Hugo and Limon areas. A large tree, 2.5 ft in diameter, was knocked over in Hugo. Peak wind gusts included: 78 mph at Akron-Washington County Airport, 76 mph at Limon Municipal Airport, 72 mph in Hugo and Sterling, 71 mph near Bennett and Genoa, 65 mph at Briggsdale, 62 mph, 7 miles northwest of Boyero and Denver International Airport; 60 mph, 8 miles south of Holyoke and near Wiggins; 59 mph near Keenesburg, 12 miles east-northeast of Kiowa, 7 miles south of Shamrock and Woodlin School; 58 mph at Agate, Front Range Airport in Watkins, Kassler and 11 miles west-northwest of Westplains. Snowfall totals ranged from 4 to 10 inches. Event Narrative: | [
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] | Given the reported intense weather conditions on April 13th, including hail and blizzard scenarios, which of the following options about the expected temperature patterns on April 14th is most accurate?
A) Following the blizzard conditions, a sudden increase in temperature is expected, leading to a rapid thaw and the potential for flooding due to melting snow.
B) After the hailstorm, temperatures are likely to stabilize around freezing with limited fluctuation, preventing any significant thawing.
C) The significant drop in temperature after April 13th indicates the likelihood of a second storm system moving in from the northwest, which could bring additional snowfall.
D) The temperature is expected to drop due to the high winds and blizzard conditions experienced on the previous day, leading to a continued sub-freezing environment. | D |
The following events were reported: Flash Flood, Thunderstorm Wind, Tornado. These occurred near station USW00003017, approximately 31.3054 km away, between 2013-08-03 16:24:00 and 2013-08-03 21:45:00.Thankfully, no injuries or fatalities were reported. The events caused property damage valued at 5000.0 and crop damage of 0.0. Episode Narrative: Severe thunderstorms brought damaging hail, wind, tornadoes, heavy rain and flash flooding to portions of the Urban Corridor and Northeast Plains. Very large hail, ranging from quarter to softball size, caused extensive damage to property and crops. Several small and brief non supercell tornadoes touched down but did little if any damage. Most the damage was the result of the large hail, intense thunderstorm winds, heavy rain and flash flooding. In Erie, a velodrome under construction was heavily damaged. Severe thunderstorms brought damaging hail, wind, tornadoes, heavy rain and flash flooding to portions of the Urban Corridor and Northeast Plains. Event Narrative: A tornado touched down briefly in an open field. No damage was reported. A velodrome under construction was heavily damaged by heavy rain and high winds. The wind toppled the eastern third of the 250-meter cycling track. Bolts measuring one-half-inch thick by 7 1/2 inches in length were ripped out of concrete footers while 16-inch-wide trusses, collapsed under the force of the wind. In town, heavy rain, around 2.5 inches in less than one hour, caused extensive street flooding. The intense wind also downed trees which resulted in localized power outages. In addition, an empty semi-trailer was blown on its side. A tornado touched down briefly but did no damage. Road closures were set up in both directions on both Picadilly Road and Gun Club Road, just north of Buckley AFB. A man had to be rescued when his car was trapped in flood waters at the intersection of 6th Ave. and Picadilly Road. Flash Flooding was also observed at the junction of E-470 and I-70 with water running over the road. | [
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25,
27.8,
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32.2,
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] | Given the significant weather events reported on August 3rd, 2013, particularly the occurrence of flash flooding and severe thunderstorms, which of the following temperature trends in time series A from July 28th to August 3rd would most likely contribute to the development of such weather phenomena on August 3rd?
A) A continuous increase in temperature patterns with values consistently above 30 degrees Celsius leading up to the weather event.
B) A drastic decline in temperatures after a period of several steady high temperatures, indicating a potential cold front arrival before the storm.
C) Stable temperatures fluctuating between 15 and 20 degrees Celsius throughout the last days prior to the event, providing an unstable atmospheric condition conducive to thunderstorms.
D) A consistent rise in temperatures with a peak temperature exceeding 35 degrees Celsius immediately before the weather event, promoting severe convection. | B |
The following events were reported: Hail, Thunderstorm Wind, Tornado. These occurred near station USW00003017, approximately 27.6882 km away, between 2014-05-21 12:34:00 and 2014-05-21 15:50:00. The events included records with hailstones measuring 7.792222222222222 inches.Thankfully, no injuries or fatalities were reported. No significant property or crop damage was reported. Episode Narrative: Severe thunderstorms occurred in and around the Denver area. The storms produced large hail, from quarter to golfball size. Frontier Airlines canceled 16 flights, when several planes sustained hail damage. Forty flights at Denver International Airport were either delayed or canceled. Some homes in Green Valley Ranch east of Denver were damaged by hail. Several vehicles were also damaged. Five short lived tornadoes touched down but no damage was reported. ||The storms also produced heavy rain and strong damaging winds. The wind downed trees and power lines east of Denver. The heavy rain and hail, up to 6 inches deep in spots, caused street flooding around the metro area. The hailstorm at Dick���s Sporting Goods Park knocked out power to the stadium where the 4A and 5A girls soccer championship games were about to be played. The inclement weather snarled traffic on Interstate 70, Pe��a Boulevard, U.S. 85 and elsewhere due to the flooded roads. In some areas, snow plows were called out to clear the hail. Parts of Tower Road and Peoria Street, and other roads in Commerce City, were closed through the late evening hours, because of standing water. Several vehicles stalled in standing water where water pooled in the underpasses. Severe thunderstorms occurred in and around the Denver area. Event Narrative: A tornado touched down briefly. No damage was observed. A tornado touched down briefly. No damage was reported. Thunderstorm winds downed trees and power lines. A tornado touched down for a few minutes. Large hail damaged some vehicles and shingles. | [
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21.1
] | Based on the temperature trends observed in time series A and the severe weather events reported on May 21, 2014, what can be inferred about the relationship between the atmospheric disturbances experienced and the temperature fluctuations noted in the subsequent analysis of time series B for May 22, 2014?
A) The hailstorm resulted in immediate cooling in temperature observed on May 22, leading to a significant drop in average temperatures.
B) The occurrence of thunderstorms and hail had a negligible effect on the following day's temperatures, which remained relatively stable.
C) The presence of severe weather events, particularly the thunderstorm winds, likely caused an increase in temperatures due to the mixing of warm air masses.
D) Following the severe weather, temperatures in time series B are predicted to increase significantly due to the heat released from the thunderstorms. | B |
The following events were reported: Hail. These occurred near station USW00003017, approximately 45.2932 km away, between 2007-04-23 16:11:00 and 2007-04-23 17:34:00. The events included records with hailstones measuring 0.7933333333333333 inches.Thankfully, no injuries or fatalities were reported. No significant property or crop damage was reported. Episode Narrative: A storm system wound itself up over Southeast Colorado, allowing for heavy snow and rain to develop over much of North-Central and Northeast Colorado. Severe thunderstorms preceded the storm system on the 23rd, affecting the Urban Corridor and Northeast Plains. Severe weather included: large hail; up to golfball size, damaging thunderstorm winds and several small tornadoes. |On the 24th, heavy snow fell in the foothills west of Denver and Boulder, where storm totals ranged from 1 to 2 feet. Heavy snow also occurred along the Palmer Divide, with storm totals from 10 to 16 inches. Elsewhere, a steady moderate to heavy rainfall was reported. Denver International Airport measured 1.64 inches of precipitation, which broke the single day record for the 24th of April. A few short lived tornadoes also developed over Lincoln County, in the vicinity of the surface cyclone. |The heavy wet snow caused several power outages. In some instances, it took several days to restore power. Several road closures were reported, including Interstates 25 and 70. A jackknifed semi-trailer backed up traffic for nearly 20 miles; on southbound I-25, between Denver and Colorado Springs. In addition, a 50-ton boulder blocked the southbound lane of State Highway 285, near Parmalee Gulch. Crews had to use explosives to break up the boulder and clear the debris. Stranded buses and impassable roadways also forced several school closures. A storm system wound itself up over Southeast Colorado, allowing for heavy snow and rain to develop over much of North-Central and Northeast Colorado. Event Narrative: | [
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] | Given the reported hailstorm events on April 23, 2007, in Southeast Colorado, which of the following statements accurately correlates with the observed temperature changes in time series A leading up to the weather event, particularly in anticipating the subsequent weather on April 24, 2007?
A) The significant drop in temperature peaking at 3.3°C around the time of the hail event is indicative of a growing cold front, which was not typical for late April in Colorado, conflicting with a prediction of continued mild weather.
B) The gradual decrease in temperature throughout time series A mirrors the pattern of severe thunderstorms, suggesting colder air had already begun advancing into the region prior to the storm system's arrival.
C) The temperature fluctuations in A show no correlation to the hailstorm report, implying the event could have occurred in isolation despite temperature trends leading to a more unstable environment.
D) The temperature remained consistently above 10°C prior to the storm, indicating that the necessary conditions for severe thunderstorms and hail were absent. | B |
The following events were reported: Flash Flood, Hail. These occurred near station USW00003017, approximately 37.634 km away, between 2018-06-18 11:05:00 and 2018-06-19 05:00:00. The events included records with hailstones measuring 1.59375 inches.Thankfully, no injuries or fatalities were reported. The events caused property damage valued at 10000.0 and crop damage of 0.0. Episode Narrative: The storms that moved across northern Washington County caused severe agricultural damage. Wheat fields were significantly damaged and the young corn was stripped of all its leaves. Although no roads were completely washed out, there were multiple places where water ran across the roads and washed away the gravel and damaged the shoulders. One house at State Highway 61 and county road 57 had at least one broken window from the hail. Most of the water and damage from these storms was between state highways 61 and 63, and between county roads 60 and 55.||In Weld County, several communities received hail damage and flooding due to severe thunderstorms: Frederick, Firestone, Hudson, Keenesburg and Prospect Valley. Lightning struck an injection well northeast of Hudson, sparking a fire. First responders worked this incident for several hours. Weld County had several road closures due to flash flooding including Hudson, Keenesburg, Roggen and Prospect Valley. Some of the road closures included: county road 46 from between county roads 45 to 47, county road 63 from county roads 16 to 16.5. Trained spotters measured storm total rainfall from 2.93 inches to 5.53 inches. The storms that moved across northern Washington County caused severe agricultural damage. Event Narrative: Several roads were damaged. The frontage road at Interstate 76 and Weld County Road 53 which was inundated by floodwaters and completely washed. County roads 16 and 63, and county road 49 and State Highway 52 were partially flooded. | [
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] | Considering the temperature trends observed in time series A from June 13 to June 19, 2018, which of the following statements accurately reflects the weather phenomena reported and their potential impact on the temperature behavior observed the following day (June 20, 2018)?
A) The flash flooding and hail reported likely led to an immediate increase in the surrounding temperatures on June 20 due to moisture lifting.
B) The storm events caused by the severe weather likely led to a drop in temperatures on June 20, as the clouds prevented solar radiation.
C) The cumulative weather events reported on June 19 would cause an abnormal temperature spike the following day due to residual heat from the storms.
D) The heavy rainfall recorded caused by the thunderstorms would have minimally affected the temperature trend observed on June 20, leading to higher heat retention. | B |
The following events were reported: Flash Flood, Hail, Thunderstorm Wind. These occurred near station USW00003017, approximately 35.2365 km away, between 2018-07-24 17:13:00 and 2018-07-24 19:30:00. The events included records with hailstones measuring 26.47 inches.The events resulted in 0 injuries and 1 fatalities. The events caused property damage valued at 500000.0 and crop damage of 0.0. Episode Narrative: Thunderstorms produced very heavy rainfall, 1 to 2 inches in less than 30 minutes. In Englewood, the floodwaters quickly inundated a basement apartment and trapped a woman inside. She was found unresponsive in the apartment and died several hours later. Several homes in the immediate area suffered severe flood damage. The floodwaters also stalled vehicles and forced the closure of several intersections. In Sheridan, the heavy rain created a large sinkhole which swallowed a small SUV. A downed power line caused a fire in Arapahoe County. Severe thunderstorms produced damaging wind and hail in Jefferson, Logan, Morgan, Washington, and Weld counties. Thunderstorms produced very heavy rainfall, 1 to 2 inches in less than 30 minutes. Event Narrative: Strong winds downed a tree. Strong winds from a thunderstorm blew down a tree. The tree fell onto a power line and caused a small fire. At 4600 South Acoma, the floodwaters quickly inundated a basement apartment and trapped a 32-year-old woman inside. She was rescued, but died several hours later. |Floodwaters stalled several vehicles and forced the closure of several intersections including: East Iliff Ave. and South Chambers Road, Santa Fe Drive and West Oxford Ave., South Buckley Road and East Bates Ave., East 6th Ave. and South Picadilly Road, East Hampden Ave and South Uruvan Way. Flooding created a large sinkhole in Sheridan. A small SUV was fell into the hole. The driver was not injured. She escaped her vehicle before it was swallowed by the sinkhole. | [
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] | Based on the reported weather events that caused significant flooding and property damage on 2018-07-24, what is the most likely impact on the temperature profile for the following day, 2018-07-25, especially considering the thermal recovery typically seen after such events?
A) The temperature is expected to rise significantly by several degrees due to increased sunshine.
B) The temperature will remain stable due to the cooling effect of the floodwaters on the surrounding environment.
C) The temperature will drop significantly as a result of prolonged cloud cover and precipitation from the event.
D) The temperature will fluctuate dramatically throughout the day due to instability in the atmosphere following severe weather. | B |
The following events were reported: Hail. These occurred near station USW00003017, approximately 35.7908 km away, between 2017-05-08 13:40:00 and 2017-05-08 14:45:00. The events included records with hailstones measuring 1.5389655172413794 inches.Thankfully, no injuries or fatalities were reported. No significant property or crop damage was reported. Episode Narrative: Severe thunderstorm broke out across Denver and the surrounding metro area and produced large damaging hail, strong winds, heavy rain and flash flooding. Large hail up to baseball size, caused extensive property damage to cars, homes and businesses across a large part of Denver and the western suburbs including Arvada, Lakewood and Wheat Ridge. According to the Rocky Mountain Insurance Agency Association, the storm was Colorado���s most expensive insured catastrophe, around $2.3 billion. It also ranked as the second costliest hailstorm in U.S. history. The group estimated more than 150,000 auto insurance claims and 50,000 homeowner insurance claims would be filed. Businesses and homes sustained holes in siding along with broken windows and torn screens. Severe thunderstorm producing large hail, strong winds and heavy rain impacted areas around Greeley as well. ||The high cost incurred from the storm was due to a number of factors including: the size of the hail, the densely populated area, the time of day, the escalating costs to repair high-tech cars, and more expensive homes. Colorado Mills Mall in Lakewood was severely damaged after hail busted skylights and caused flooding inside stores. The common areas and tenant spaces suffered substantial water damage. Extensive damage to electrical systems, mechanical systems, including HVAC and lighting, kept the mall closed until November 2017. In Lakewood, the loss in sales tax was projected to be about $350,000 per month, which was 3 to 4 percent of the city's monthly budget. Prestige Imports in Lakewood which sells Audis and Porches, estimated 250 to 300 vehicles were impacted by the storm. Some of those vehicles were valued at nearly $200,000 each.||Significant damage was reported at Lutheran Medical Center after a hailstorm tore through Wheat Ridge. The hospital building and some of the medical office buildings sustained broken windows. The storm also hit the office of the Colorado Bureau of Investigation in Lakewood. The offices were flooded, several cubicles destroyed, and even some ceiling tiles fell off. The storm damage prompted school officials to close all thirteen Adams 12 Five Star schools in Commerce City and Beach Court Elementary school in Denver. Most of the schools in the Adams 12 Five Star District are at least 50 years old and sustained flood damage. Large hail damaged an apartment building near Regis University, shattered windows and punctured the siding on the west-facing side of the building. Severe thunderstorms also produced large hail across parts of Larimer, Lincoln and Weld Counties.||Hail and heavy rain clogged drains and caused flash flooding throughout Greeley. Up to three feet of water covered the roadway near U.S. 34 and U.S. 85. Flooding was reported throughout Greeley. The Greeley Fire Department received 30 calls of flooding. Firefighters helped several residents get out of garden level apartments that had flooded. Several other businesses and buildings suffered flood damage, including Greeley City Hall and an apartment complex in Evans. The Greeley Mall was extensively damaged when water poured into the mall from the roof and debris inundated the main floor. The Frontier Academy Elementary School was also flooded, with administrators canceling classes the following day to clean up the damage. Windsor-Severance Fire Protection District had multiple reports of lightning strikes, including one that hit near Windsor Middle School and set off the school's fire alarms. Severe thunderstorm broke out across Denver and the surrounding metro area and produced large damaging hail, strong winds, heavy rain and flash flooding. Event Narrative: The estimated damage is for the entire episode. | [
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] | Based on the temperature trends observed in time series A leading up to the severe hailstorm event reported on 2017-05-08, which statement is most plausible regarding the subsequent temperature behavior on 2017-05-09?
A) The significant drop in temperature observed prior to the hailstorm likely contributed to lingering cold air in the region, which caused a comparable drop in temperature on 2017-05-09 as residual effects.
B) The hailstorm temporarily decreased local temperatures but was followed by a rapid recovery leading to a day of above-average temperatures on 2017-05-09 due to the release of humidity from the storm.
C) The prolonged period of low temperatures before the hailstorm suggests that the storm was an anomaly, and thus average temperatures on 2017-05-09 would remain relatively stable with no significant changes.
D) The severe storm resulted in increased atmospheric mixing that could lead to either a drop or raise in temperatures; thus, variability in temperature on 2017-05-09 would be unpredictable. | B |
The following events were reported: Tornado. These occurred near station USW00003017, approximately 38.8635 km away, between 2021-06-07 15:59:00 and 2021-06-07 16:34:00.Thankfully, no injuries or fatalities were reported. The events caused property damage valued at 530500.0 and crop damage of 0.0. Episode Narrative: A landspout developed in southwest Weld County, 2 miles southwest of Firestone. The tornado traveled north-northeast, and ended 3 miles northwest of Platteville. The tornado reached an intensity of EF-2 on the Enhanced Fujita scale, with estimated wind speeds of 99 mph. There were no injuries, but at least two calves were killed, and several chickens. The cloud base was so high, the landspout was visible from a distance of 40 miles. ||In total, seven properties sustained damage. Two homes were destroyed, meaning more than 50% of the home sustained damaged, with an estimated loss of those homes at $429,176 Three homes were damaged but not destroyed, with the estimated cost of damage at $101,336. Two businesses were hit, a feedlot and a dairy. The feedlot suffered the loss of two buildings, one was caused by a downed power line and the other from the tornado. Downed power lines led to a closure of Weld County Road 21 between Highway 66 and Weld County Road 32.5. The dairy was hit but had limited damage to roofs and some out buildings. The estimated cost of damage to those businesses had not yet been determined. Event Narrative: The tornado touched down in southern Weld County. Several homes lost windows and roofing material. One home lost an entire wall and most of its roof, and an unattached garage was completely destroyed with the car inside flipped on its roof. Nearby outbuildings sustained damage, and one caught fire due to downed power lines. Downed power lines also led to a closure of WCR 21 between Highway 66 and WCR 32.5. | [
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] | Based on the observed temperature trends from June 1st to June 7th and the tornado event reported on June 7th, what could be the expected influence on the temperature patterns for the following day, considering that tornadoes often affect local atmospheric conditions?
A) The temperatures are expected to rise significantly above 30°C due to the heat released from the tornado.
B) The temperatures are expected to drop sharply below 10°C as a result of the cooling effect from the tornado's passage.
C) The temperatures are anticipated to rise again above 30°C, reflecting a typical post-storm warming trend influenced by antecedent heat.
D) The temperatures are expected to remain relatively stable around the mid-20s°C, indicating no significant influence from the tornado. | C |
The following events were reported: Hail. These occurred near station USW00003017, approximately 38.4859 km away, between 2007-05-29 11:05:00 and 2007-05-29 13:10:00. The events included records with hailstones measuring 0.8661538461538462 inches.Thankfully, no injuries or fatalities were reported. No significant property or crop damage was reported. Episode Narrative: Severe thunderstorms, producing hail up to quarter size, and heavy rain; trained across northern portions of the Denver Metropolitan area. The path of the storms stretched from around Golden to Denver International Airport. The thunderstorms formed quickly following the passage of a cold front. ||Some minor street flooding was also reported as hail clogged storm drains. The hail piled up 4 inches deep at Elitch Gardens amusement park in downtown Denver. Drivers were caught in up to 3 feet of water in some intersections. Xcel reported scattered power failures around the Denver metropolitan area. At D.I.A. some brief delays occurred as airlines were forced to pull in their ground crews for safety reasons. Lightning also struck two homes in Ft. Collins. No one was hurt in either incident. The incliment conditions forced the closure of Trail Ridge Road, in Rocky Mountain National Park, due to snow and very poor visibility.||Severe thunderstorms developed further south along the Palmer Divide. Hail up to 2.5 inches in diameter was reported over southern Elbert County. Hail damage was reported in the towns of Elbert and Limon, where skylights and windows were broken. Two tornadoes touched down but no structures were damaged. Severe thunderstorms, producing hail up to quarter size, and heavy rain; trained across northern portions of the Denver Metropolitan area. Event Narrative: | [
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] | Given the reported hailstorms and severe thunderstorms on May 29, 2007, along with the subsequent temperature time series recorded on May 30, 2007, what is the most likely impact of the preceding weather event on the temperatures observed in time series B, and which factor most significantly contributes to this temperature trend?
A) The temperatures significantly dropped due to snow from the preceding storm, resulting in an overall decline in the daily average temperature.
B) The temperatures remained stable as the thunderstorms did not affect the weather pattern significantly enough to lower temperatures.
C) The temperatures increased overall due to warm humid air following the severe thunderstorm, which typically raises subsequent daily temperatures.
D) The temperatures decreased sharply because of cold air advection from the storm, which prevents warm air from accumulating. | C |
The following events were reported: Thunderstorm Wind. These occurred near station USW00003017, approximately 30.2141 km away, between 2020-06-06 11:42:00 and 2020-06-06 16:08:00.The events resulted in 2 injuries and 0 fatalities. No significant property or crop damage was reported. Episode Narrative: A combination of an upper level trough moving northwest across the state, coupled with a strong surface pressure gradient, led to numerous reports of high wind gusts across the region. Most of the wind damage occurred with the passage of a rare derecho; a large fast-moving complex of thunderstorms with powerful straight-line winds. In addition, strong wind gusts from 59 to 71 mph not associated with the derecho, occurred prior to and following the passage of this system over the urban corridor and plains of northeast Colorado.||By midday the derecho, which originated over the Great Basin, moved over the northern and central mountains, and then rapidly northeast across the I-25 corridor by mid afternoon. These storms then tracked across the plains from late afternoon into the early evening hours. Wind gusts from 60 to 80 mph were common with a few gusts exceeding 90 mph. The highest gust observed was 110 mph, at the Winter Park Ski area, around 12000 feet. Xcel Energy said in a press release that more than 208,000 customers lost power because of the storm statewide. The intense wind toppled a billboard that crashed onto Denver bakery. Two delivery trucks parked nearby were heavily damaged. Two injuries occurred in Denver, one seriously. A man and his nine-year-old daughter were injured by a fallen tree. They were standing in front of a family member���s house when the incident occurred. The tree impaled the father through his back and he required several surgeries. His daughter sustained cuts and bruises that required stitches. A combination of an upper level trough moving northwest across the state, coupled with a strong surface pressure gradient, led to numerous reports of high wind gusts across the region. Event Narrative: Intense winds downed a tree. Intense thunderstorm winds snapped tree limbs up to one inch in diameter. Intense thunderstorm winds snapped tree limbs up to one inch diameter. Tree branches up to one inch in diameter were snapped. Numerous trees in town were damaged. Intense winds snapped or uprooted trees. Numerous trees were uprooted or snapped. Intense thunderstorm winds overturned greenhouses and a gazebo. Intense winds snapped tree limbs up to 6 inches in diameter. Intense winds uprooted or snapped trees. A man was hospitalized after a tree fell, impaled him and pinned down his 9-year-old daughter. He was seriously injured and underwent three surgeries. His daughter suffered minor injuries. Intense winds blew the roof and sides off a barn. Intense thunderstorm winds uprooted or snapped trees. A large tree was uprooted on Downing St near Alameda Ave. Intense winds downed a fence and snapped tree branches up to 3 inches in diameter. Intense thunderstorm winds snapped tree limbs from 6 to 10 inches in diameter. Intense winds knocked over shallow rooted trees and numerous power poles. Intense thunderstorm winds snapped tree limbs up to 3 inches in diameter. Intense thunderstorm winds snapped tree limbs up to three inches in diameter. | [
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] | Given the temperature fluctuations in time series A from May 31 to June 6, 2020, and the severe thunderstorm wind event reported on June 6, how likely is it that the temperature in time series B from June 7 will exhibit a plateau or a bullish trend following the instability caused by the thunderstorm event?
A) The temperature will experience a sudden spike above previous levels due to the heat generated by the storm.
B) The temperature will decline significantly due to prolonged cloud cover from the thunderstorm.
C) The temperature will plateau at high levels, reflecting instability in the atmospheric conditions post-storm.
D) The temperature will gradually decrease as a reflection of cooling following the thunderstorm. | D |
The following events were reported: Hail, Tornado. These occurred near station USW00003017, approximately 29.1678 km away, between 2009-06-07 12:05:00 and 2009-06-07 13:31:00. The events included records with hailstones measuring 1.7083333333333333 inches.The events resulted in 2 injuries and 0 fatalities. The events caused property damage valued at 161610000.0 and crop damage of 0.0. Episode Narrative: Severe thunderstorms in Denver and the surrounding metropolitan area produced five tornadoes, large hail and damaging thunderstorm winds. The strongest of the tornadoes touched down near Southlands Mall, in southeast Aurora. Two men were injured, one seriously. Overall the damage was rated mild to moderate, which translated to an EF1 rating. Four other tornadoes touched down, two of which caused minor damage. Another EF1 tornado damaged a home, several outbuildings, and injured some horses in unincorporated Elbert County.||In addition to the tornadoes, large hail from 1 to 3 inches in diameter was observed. In parts of Aurora and Centennial, thunderstorm winds blew down power lines and caused electrical outages. Approximately 8,000 homes and businesses were left without power for nearly two hours. Most of the damage consisted of broken windows and roofs. This day was the first in a series of eight to cause damage along the Urban Corridor. Damage to homes and property along the Front Range totalled $161 million during the 8-day span, making it the state's fifth highest insurance loss. The majority of the property damage was caused by hail; 21,000 automobile claims and 13,000 homeowner claims were filed. Severe thunderstorms in Denver and the surrounding metropolitan area produced five tornadoes, large hail and damaging thunderstorm winds. Event Narrative: A small tornado touched and caused minor damage. Several trees were downed in an open field. The tornado also damaged a metal fence and minor roof damage to a nearby residence. A tornado touched down in southeast Aurora, south of Buckley Airport, and moved south-southeast across open fields, some residential areas, and Southlands Mall. Numerous homes and apartments suffered window damage, minor roof damage and there were a few broken garage doors. The Southlands Mall had some roof and window damage, and wall damage to one of its restaurants. South of the mall, Lowe's received some roof damage, and lightweight sheds and other structures were destroyed. One resident, in the Sorrel Ranch subdivision, north of the mall, was swept off his porch while attempting to get close-up pictures of the tornado. He was found unconcious and bleeding in his front yard, with a dislocated shoulder, an injured neck, and multiple other injuries. In addition, the tornado flipped a trailer home. A man inside the trailer suffered minor injuries. A small tornado touched down and crossed Interstate 70, flipping a semi-trailer. A tornado damaged several outbuildings and a residence, and downed a number of trees. In addition, several horses were injured by flying metal debris. | [
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] | Given the severe weather event on June 7, 2009, which resulted in multiple tornadoes and significant hail in the Denver area, how could the temperature on June 8, 2009, reflect a potential aftermath of this weather phenomenon in terms of atmospheric stability, and what does it suggest about the transitioning weather patterns?
A) The temperature drop post-event is indicative of the cooling effect from the hail accumulation in the area, leading to a stable atmosphere conducive for study of thermal processes.
B) The unaltered higher temperatures on June 8th suggest the thunderstorms and tornadoes did not affect the thermal profile of the area and indicate persistence of severe thunderstorm conditions.
C) The notably lower temperatures on June 8, forming a cooling pattern, suggest a shift towards an unstable atmosphere, typical of environments following severe storms that can lead to further convective activity.
D) The fluctuation in temperatures indicates increased thermal energy that would favor further development of severe weather systems, making another storm event likely. | C |
The following events were reported: Hail, Thunderstorm Wind, Tornado. These occurred near station USW00003927, approximately 17.6098 km away, between 2012-04-03 12:00:00 and 2012-04-03 14:00:00. The events included records with hailstones measuring 12.0304 inches.The events resulted in 7 injuries and 0 fatalities. The events caused property damage valued at 260987000.0 and crop damage of 12000.0. Episode Narrative: A historic North Texas tornado outbreak occurred on April 3rd, with 17 tornadoes developing from the DFW Metroplex east to Hopkins County. An EF-3 tornado tore through the town of Forney, heavily damaging homes in the Diamond Creek subdivision. Three EF-2 tornadoes damaged parts of Arlington and Kennedale in Tarrant County; Red Oak, Lancaster, and Dallas in Ellis and Dallas counties; and Royse City in Rockwall and Hunt counties. An EF-1 tornado caused damage near Joshua in Johnson County, and the remaining 12 tornadoes were rated EF-0s. In addition to the tornadoes, large hail damaged many parts of the DFW Metroplex. Approximately 110 airplanes at DFW International Airport were damaged by the hail and taken out of service until repaired. No fatalities occurred and only 29 people were injured. Of the 29 injuries, only 3 were considered serious but everyone made a full recovery. The environmental set-up on this day consisted of a cut-off low over New Mexico with a front draped north-to-south across the western counties of the CWA. By mid to late morning, strong and severe storms developed along the front as a lobe of energy rotated into west Texas and forcing from this energy overspread the front. The atmosphere was already unstable and uncapped by this time. In addition, a Mesoscale Convective System in Oklahoma sent an outflow boundary south across the Red River. This outflow boundary moved south of the DFW Metroplex by the late morning hours, and isolated storms began to develop south of the outflow boundary but east of the front. As these storms moved north and crossed the outflow boundary, the low level rotation increased and the storms quickly became tornadic. All of the tornadic storms were tied to this outflow boundary as it retreated north as a warm front. A historic North Texas tornado outbreak occurred on April 3rd, with 17 tornadoes developing from the DFW Metroplex east to Hopkins County. Event Narrative: Tree damage was reported around the Bank of America building in Arlington; near the intersection of Ballpark Way and E Lamar Blvd. A few trees had 2 diameter branches snapped off and at least one tree was broken off near the ground. An EF-0 tornado occurred in an unincorporated area just south of Denton. The tornado touched down in a wheat field southeast of the intersection of Country Club Road and Ryan Rd. The tornado was confirmed by photos, radar, and eyewitness evidence. Nickel sized hail fell at Hicks Airfield for approximately 10 minutes. Nickel sized hail was reported at Interstate 20 and Kelly Elliott Road. Baseball sized hail was reported near Duncan Drive in Irving. Hail stones ranging from the size of quarters up to teacup size was reported in Coppell. The hail fell for nearly 20 minutes with 2-3 hail falling for at least 10 minutes in some areas of the city. Golf ball sized hail was reported 1 mile south of The Colony. An EF-0 tornado with maximum estimated winds around 80 mph produced damage in the city of Coppell. The tornado began near the intersection of E Belt Line Rd and S Denton Tap Rd. The awning at a gas station was damaged at this intersection. The tornado moved to the northeast through a residential area causing minor damage to some roofs of homes and businesses and also damaging trees. The total path of the tornado was 2 miles long, but the damage path was non-continuous. The damage path was also narrow at about 75 yards wide. An EF-2 tornado began in Kennedale, and then moved north-northeast into Arlington. In its occlusion phase, the tornado curved back to the northwest; ending its track near the east shores of Lake Arlington along Waterview Drive. The path length of the tornado was 6.4 miles long with a width of approximately 150 yards. Damage from the tornado began near the Texas Raceway. Five manufactured homes were heavily damaged or destroyed near the racing strip. Moving to the north-northeast, the tornado produced sporadic damage to trees, power poles, and a storage facility as the storm organized rapidly. Part of the roof of a warehouse at a business on Tower Drive near Business 287 was torn off and tossed onto a city water tower nearby. The warehouse was also damaged by debris tossed by the tornado. Other businesses near this intersection were also damaged. Damage to residences began north of Sublett Rd. EF-2 damage was noted to a few homes between Sublett Rd and Hwy 287, but most areas received EF-0 or EF-1 damage. Approximately 143 homes and apartments sustained some type of damage in this area. Most of the homes appeared to have the initial failure at or near the garage, with subsequent damage coming to exterior walls or portions of roofs. Before the tornado crossed Hwy 287, it damaged the roofs of two buildings at the Chesterfield Apartments. Once the tornado crossed Hwy 287, it cut a path to the north-northeast causing mostly minor roof and fence damage to approximately 25-30 homes between Hwy 287 and Interstate 20. The tornado crossed Interstate 20 between Kelly Elliott Rd and Green Oaks Blvd. First the tornado damaged a church on the north side of the interstate, then the tornado went on to do significant damage in the Oldfield neighborhood just north of Interstate 20 near Martin High School. Approximately 100 homes were damaged in this neighborhood with an additional 85 damaged in the surrounding areas. Several homes experienced significant damage to garages and progressive failure of garage walls and portions of roofs. A few residences in this neighborhood along Haverford Dr and Thorncliffe Dr sustained EF-2 damage. Large trees were also uprooted in the neighborhood. The damage path continued to the north from this area with several other homes and trees sustaining damage near Little Road. Just west of Martin High School, the tornado began to occlude and turn northwest. At this point, near Green Oaks Boulevard and Chaperito Street, a nursing home suffered significant roof and outside wall damage, with the initial failure occurring near a large window. Nearly all of the residential damage in Kennedale and Arlington was EF-0 or EF-1. Only a small portion of the damage path suffered EF-2 damage. A total of 5 homes in Kennedale and 13 homes in Arlington were determined to be destroyed. Another 44 homes sustained major damage and 247 sustained minor damage. An additional 273 residences were affected by the storms on this day. Maximum estimated winds with the tornado were 135 mph. Eight people sustained injuries from the tornado, but only one of those injured was considered severe. Quarter sized hail was reported at Interstate 635 and Beltline Road near Coppell. Quarter to ping pong ball sized hail was reported in Burleson near Interstate 35 and the Wilshire Blvd exit. Golf ball to baseball sized hail damaged many aircraft at DFW International Airport. Around 110 aircraft from various airlines were damaged, but the airport was not damaged. The impacts from the storm affected air travel for several days after the event due to the damage done to the aircraft. Hail up to the size of baseballs was reported on the north side of Irving. Golf ball sized hail was reported near Lake Lewisville. Hen egg sized hail was reported near State Highway 121 and MacArthur Blvd in Lewisville. One to two inch hail was reported in several areas of Frisco by amateur radio and trained spotters. The hail fell for several minutes. Quarter sized hail was reported on the west side of Frisco. Small tree branches were broken by RFD winds associated with a tornadic supercell near the intersection of Airline Dr and Executive Dr in Coppell. A brief tornado occurred down in open field approximately 2 miles southeast of Spinks Airport. This tornado was observed by at least 2 storm chasers and the airport manager. Damaging thunderstorm winds, likely associated with the RFD of a tornadic supercell, removed some metal panels from the roof of a motel near Highway 183 and Estrada Pkwy in Irving. Golf ball sized hail was reported in Euless. Baseball sized hail was reported in Euless. Ping pong ball sized hail fell in Irving. Quarter sized hail was reported on the south end of Lake Lewisville. Golf ball sized hail was reported in The Colony. RFD winds associated with a tornadic supercell ripped shingles off a church near E Belt Line Rd and Ingle Way in Coppell. Some letters from the church sign were also removed. An EF-0 tornado occurred in the northern portions of Grand Prairie with maximum estimated winds around 85 mph. The tornado began just south of the intersection of Highway 360 and East Avenue K. As the tornado traveled northeast, it damaged the roofs of a few warehouse buildings and a strip mall. It also knocked over some light and electric poles. The tornado lifted just past Westpark Drive with a path length just under a half of a mile. Quarter to baseball sized hail was reported at the Fort Worth CWSU. Hen egg to tennis ball sized hail was reported in the area just northeast of Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport; around the intersections of Interstate 635 & Royal Lane and Interstate 635 & Belt Line Rd. Many cars were dented and many car windshields were broken. The COOP Observer in Frisco reported golf ball sized hail. An EF-0 tornado with maximum estimated around 85 mph occurred in west Irving. The twister damaged a metal awning at a house and uprooted trees along Avenida Loop by the Irving Mall. Continuing to the northeast, the twister damaged part of the roof of the Goodwill store on N Belt Line Rd and blew HVAC units off the rooftop of the store. Wood power poles were leaning near W Rochelle Rd and N Belt Line Rd. Near the end of the track, trees were uprooted and minor damage was noted at Townsell Elementary School. Two air conditioning units at the school were damaged and so was a gas line. The path length was non-continuous and was approximately 1.3 miles long with a narrow width of 30 yards. | [
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] | Based on the observed temperature trends and the significant weather events reported on April 3rd, how might the temperature drop to the levels seen in time series B on April 4th be explained?
A) The warm front that developed post storms created a stable high pressure system, allowing temperatures to rise again on April 4th.
B) The severe tornado outbreak led to a rapid cooling effect in the area, causing a significant drop in temperatures due to the loss of heat from the surface.
C) The prolonged hailstorm conditions drastically reduced energy absorption at the surface which subsequently lowered the temperatures overnight leading into April 4th.
D) Because of clear skies and reduced wind speed following the event outbreaks, the temperature would typically experience a drop due to radiative cooling during the night hours. | B |
The following events were reported: Flood, Hail, Lightning, Thunderstorm Wind, Tornado. These occurred near station USW00003927, approximately 28.8603 km away, between 2019-06-16 02:00:00 and 2019-06-16 15:51:00. The events included records with hailstones measuring 53.45333333333334 inches. The flood was caused by Heavy Rain. Thankfully, no injuries or fatalities were reported. The events caused property damage valued at 821000.0 and crop damage of 0.0. Episode Narrative: Thunderstorms erupted along an outflow boundary between the Red River and the Interstate 20 corridor on the afternoon of Sunday June 16 (Father's Day 2019) as a disturbance moved in from the northwest. Storms produced significant wind damage along with a few brief tornadoes as they pushed southeast through the DFW Metroplex, with additional severe weather reports continuing as storms pushed southeast into Central and East Texas. Thunderstorms erupted along an outflow boundary between the Red River and the Interstate 20 corridor on the afternoon of Sunday June 16 (Father's Day 2019) as a disturbance moved in from the northwest. Event Narrative: Cars were stalled in water at Sam Reynolds Rd and Boss Range Road in Justin. The road and the bridge were shut down. The wood frame of a house under construction was completely knocked down in thunderstorm winds in the Bar C Ranch neighborhood near Saginaw. An area of enhanced thunderstorm winds damaged trees and a few homes in North Richland Hills stretching from Dewsbury Street to Richfield Park. The wind speeds are consistent with winds around 70-75 mph. Two homes sustained significant damage when the strong winds pushed the garage doors in, causing damage to the rest of the house. Other scattered tree damage was noted in the remainder of the neighborhood. Enhanced thunderstorm winds damaged trees and roofs in Arlington along a west to east line extending down parts of Shady Hill Lane, across Green Oaks Blvd, and down Ivy Hill and Marshfield Ct. Many large tree limbs were broken off over halfway up on the tree trunks, and some trees were uprooted. Roof damage was confined to shingles removed from several homes. Broadcast media reported quarter size hail in the city of Bedford, TX. Enhanced thunderstorm winds damaged trees in Arlington along mainly a west to east path. There were several large tree limbs broken and one tree was snapped. One building did have some window damage as well. This damage occurred around Rolling Hills Country|Club, just north of Interstate 30. A public report (including photos) indicated roof damage and large tree branches blown down in the northwest part of Fort Worth, TX. Frisco Fire Department reported a small fire in the attic of a home in the city of Frisco. The fire was caused by lightning and resulted in approximately 1,000 dollars in damage. Many large trees sustained significant damage on the property of the North Central Texas Council of Governments. Some trees were cracked at the base and very large branches were broken off at least a dozen trees. A few trees were snapped partially up the trunk. Most of the trees were about 3-5 feet in diameter. A National Weather Service survey team confirmed a brief tornado occurred in Arlington across a neighborhood east of Collins Street. The pattern of the damage in this neighborhood indicated a brief EF-1 tornado that dissipated before reaching the AT&T Stadium and Globe Life Park area. A few homes in the neighborhood had significant loss of roofing and several trees were snapped. Additional damage in Arlington was a result of straight-line winds of 60-70 mph. Several trees and homes suffered damage along and around Central Ave in Newark. Video obtained from the local fire station indicates the cause was straight-line winds. Many trees were snapped, large tree limb broken, and a few large trees were uprooted. Some of the trees damaged homes and vehicles. Some roofs sustained shingle damage. Water was over the road at Ben-Bert Rd and Hwy 114 with a depth of 1.5 feet. An area of enhanced wind damage occurred from near Hwy 121 and Bedford Rd in Bedford to just north of Hwy 183 on Main Street in Euless. Scattered significant tree damage was observed along this path, walkway awnings were damaged at Trinity High School, and the roof was damaged at the Napa Auto shop on Main Street. All the damage was pushed to the east and maximum winds were estimated at 65-70 mph. Medium sized tree branches were snapped off in the Tehama Ridge Subdivision in north Fort Worth. Part of the metal roof was torn off an election building on Premier Street in Fort Worth. Emergency management reported that a 69 MPH wind gust was measured in the city of Dalworthington Gardens, TX. Strong thunderstorm winds moved across the City of Irving causing scattered damage across the city. Most of the damage was to trees. Damage began at the Promenade at Valley Ridge apartments carport awnings were damaged. The next most significant damage was to the roof of an apartment building at Stonehill Terrace. Part of the roof was lifted off of one building. Next, a vacant building sustained significant damage near Walnut Hill and Hurd Dr. The facade was ripped off one corner, leaving the inside of the building exposed. The damage ended at the Mustang Rec Center where the roof was damaged. The damage pattern through the city suggests several small downbursts caused the most significant damage with winds of mostly 65-70 mph but maximum winds at times may have reached near 80 mph. Amateur radio reported nickel size hail in the Pelican Bay area of Eagle Mountain Lake. A National Weather Service employee reported a wind gust of 59 MPH in the north part of the city of Fort Worth, TX. Frisco Fire and Rescue reported a house fire started by a lightning strike at the 7175 block of Maple Street. The strike caused an electrical surge which ignited the gas feed coming into the stove, creating 5,000 dollars in damage. A video showed a brief tornado over Eagle Mountain Lake along the leading edge of the gust front. No damage was reported from this tornado. A National Weather Service damage survey found an EF-0 tornado with maximum winds of 85 MPH on the far north side of Fort Worth. The tornado began on the west end of Aldersyde Drive in the Crawford Farms Subdivision, tracked east for about one and one-quarter mile, lifting just east of the Vista Meadows Subdivision. Damage to roofs, windows, and siding occurred on many single family homes, as well as tree limbs blown off of mostly Bradford pear trees. The most significant damage was found on Sourwood Drive where one home had more than 20% of the roof decking removed,|windows broken, and a garage door blown in. This damage was consistent with a high-end EF-0 tornado with winds of 85 mph. Enhanced thunderstorm winds damaged trees and roofs in Arlington along mainly a west to east path. There was minor roof damage seen across this area and large tree limbs broken. Roof damage was confined to shingles removed from several homes and an apartment complex. This damage occurred southwest of AT&T Stadium between|Cooper St and AT&T Way. A 63 MPH wind gust was reported by the Fort Worth Joint Reserve Base Automated Weather Observation System (AWOS). Large tree limbs were knocked down in the Village of Woodland Springs in North Fort Worth/Keller. Large trees were snapped and the roof of an apartment building suffered minor damage from strong thunderstorms winds. The report was near Silver Creek Rd and Bomber Rd in White Settlement. The nearby AWOS reported a 63 MPH wind gust. Public reports indicated numerous trees down and homes/roofs damaged in Haltom City. The Fort Worth Alliance Airport Automated Surface Observation System (ASOS) reported a wind gust of 66 MPH. Large tree limbs were broken off on NW 28th Street near Meacham Blvd in Fort Worth. A manufactured home on Private Road 4866 in Briar was damaged and shifted back about 4 feet by thunderstorms winds. The skirting of the home was peeled and windows were knocked out or blown out. In addition, a large metal garage system was damaged. The garage doors were pushed in and part of the metal roof was peeled off. Another public report indicated additional home and tree damage in the Briar area, particularly in the Hills of Briar Oak Addition. A trained spotter reported approximately a dozen downed tree branches throughout The Canyons Apartment complex, several with broken branch diameters of 4- 6. One entire dogwood tree appeared snapped at the base, approximately 6 or so in diameter. Another main trunk section of crape myrtle approximately 4 diameter appeared twisted from the top of the tree at about a 10'-15' height from the ground and blown over car(s) and dropped about 50 yards away. There were also several downed tree branches across the levee at the former Lockheed Martin Recreational area at the baseball field right field fence. A couple of roof tiles were blown off; this is a newly installed roof (installed approximately 12 months ago). There is some additional notable damage up River Bend Drive from River Park Drive, such as some tree branches and several examples of decorative cement toppers for brick columns facing River Bend having been blown off either completely or just chunks of the toppers blown off. None of the connected brick columns appear to have been damaged. | [
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] | Given the significant weather events reported on June 16, 2019, which of the following statements accurately describes a potential effect on the temperature forecast for June 17, 2019?
A) The hail and flooding from the severe thunderstorms are likely to lead to a significant drop in temperatures throughout the day due to the cooling effects of rain evaporating into the atmosphere.
B) Tornadoes, while destructive, do not impact local temperatures significantly and therefore have no bearing on the expected temperatures the following day.
C) The wind gusts observed during the thunderstorms on June 16 will result in an immediate heat wave the next day, causing temperatures to rise significantly.
D) The rainfall from the heavy storms is expected to lead to cooler overnight temperatures, but subsequent heating during the day will balance it out, resulting in very similar temperatures on June 17 as compared to June 16. | A |
The following events were reported: Flash Flood, Flood, Hail, Thunderstorm Wind. These occurred near station USW00003927, approximately 31.5155 km away, between 2015-05-27 19:04:00 and 2015-05-30 10:00:00. The events included records with hailstones measuring 8.697142857142858 inches. The flood was caused by Heavy Rain. The events resulted in 0 injuries and 1 fatalities. The events caused property damage valued at 14751000.0 and crop damage of 0.0. Episode Narrative: The end of May brought widespread flooding to north and central Texas. By the end of the month, the region had essentially erased a four year drought in less than four weeks. Several area lakes were in surcharge capacity and releasing water downstream. The city of Dallas was impacted most of all, with one major highway closed for nearly a week due to flooding. Occasional bouts with severe weather also occurred during the final 5 days of May. The end of May brought widespread flooding to north and central Texas. Event Narrative: Significant flooding of parts of Dallas County continued after nearly 3-8 inches of rain fell across the county. Some of the hardest hit areas were along Duck Creek in Garland which overflowed it banks affecting properties along the creek, and Loop 12 at Interstate 30. Loop 12 between Irving Blvd and I-30 was closed for nearly 4 days until the water could be removed from the low-lying area. Arlington PD reported that many vehicles were stranded in high water and some water rescues were occurring. Broadcast media reported street flooding in north Fort Worth along Interstate 35 from Alliance to Hwy 183. Broadcast media reported that Little Fossil Creek was causing flooding in Blue Mound, TX, where water was up to car doors on Independence, Waggoman and Globe Streets. Broadcast media is reporting that some residents are beginning to evacuate homes on Independence, Waggoman and Globe Streets where water is waist-deep. Broadcast media reported that some signs were blown down in what was estimated to be 60 to 70 MPH wind gusts on Interstate 35 east of Krum, TX. Emergency management reported that vehicle rescues and flooded homes were occurring in both the Lillian and Cleburne areas. In addition, around 45 roads had been closed by 330 AM according to emergency management. TXDOT estimated the damages to be around 1.5 million dollars. Emergency management and media reports high water rose quickly near the intersection of Northwest Highway / Loop 12 / and US 114 in the eastern sections of the city of Irving. Several cars were stranded in this area, especially near the intersection of California Crossing and Northwest Highway. Multiple high water rescues were performed, and one flash flood death occurred at this location. A social media report indicated a swift water rescue in the town of Prosper, TX. Broadcast media reported that the first floor of an apartment complex near 1000 South Belt Line Rd was flooded and residents were being evacuated. Broadcast media reports indicated that the access roads of Interstate 35 at Golden Triangle Blvd were experiencing high water. In Grapevine, Dove Road was closed near Silvercrest Lane due to flooding. The Grapevine City Council estimated rebuilding efforts would take months. The city council also estimated the costs for repairs would be in the range of $13 Million. Rain continued to fall in Denton County on Saturday, May 30th, lake levels rose and flood waters entered homes on Lewisville Lake and closed numerous roads around the county. The county emergency manager told the newspaper homes are flooding in areas all around Lewisville Lake, including Shady Shores on Shady Shores Road, in Oak Shores and The Colony, and in Frisco off Lebanon Road. | [
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] | Given the significant weather events reported at the end of May, including widespread flooding and severe thunderstorms, what would be the most probable impact on the temperature time series B (May 31) as compared to the previous week's series A?
A) The temperature in series B will show a significant increase due to the heat generated by localized floods.
B) The temperature in series B will drastically decrease due to the influx of cold air following a severe storm.
C) The temperature in series B will remain constant as the weather events have no impact on temperature fluctuations.
D) The temperature in series B will likely increase gradually as the area begins to recover from flooding. | B |
The following events were reported: Flash Flood, Flood, Hail, Thunderstorm Wind. These occurred near station USW00003927, approximately 34.5488 km away, between 2015-04-24 11:30:00 and 2015-04-25 11:00:00. The events included records with hailstones measuring 55.87555555555556 inches. The flood was caused by Heavy Rain. Thankfully, no injuries or fatalities were reported. The events caused property damage valued at 306000.0 and crop damage of 0.0. Episode Narrative: Severe thunderstorms erupted across the region in an unstable airmass ahead of an approaching upper level trough/low. Although initially isolated to scattered early in the event, the storms eventually merged into a squall line that moved across the region. This system produced an EF0 tornado in Parker County and another EF0 tornado in Ellis County. In addition, very strong and damaging winds up to 90 mph occurred in Tarrant and Johnson County near the apex of an embedded bow echo. Flooding in Denton County left many roads closed through the day and into the morning of the 25th. Severe thunderstorms erupted across the region in an unstable airmass ahead of an approaching upper level trough/low. Event Narrative: Large limbs were knocked down by thunderstorm winds in Fort Worth. The local newspaper reported several streets were blocked by fallen trees in Fort Worth. Residential roof damage and downed tree branches were reported near New York Ave and E Arbrook Blvd in Arlington. Winds were estimated around 60 mph. Trees were uprooted in and east of Westover Hills. Eighty mph wind gusts were estimated in the TCU area in Fort Worth. An estimated 45 trees were damaged by thunderstorm winds at Mira Vista Country Club in Benbrook. Most of them lost large tree limbs and some were snapped several feet above the ground. The largest snapped tree was estimated to be approximately 4 feet in diameter. Two and a half feet of water was reported over Trinity Blvd. According to the sheriff's office, several roads were closed across the county due to heavy rainfall and creek flooding in some areas: In Denton, Hickory Creek Road between Country Club Rd and the railroad tracks, Blagg Road off Mayhill Road, Hilltop Road, and Jackson Road. In Argyle, Britt Drive. In Aubrey, Bryan Road. In Ponder, C Wolfe Road. In Northlake, Faught Road. In Pilot Point, Foutch Road, Stiles Road, and Pelzel Road. In Krum, Radecke Road and Rector Road. In Celina, Smiley Road. In Sanger, View Road. Lots of roads in the county were closed due to high water and several motorists were stranded in high water. South Bonnie Brae in Denton had up to 4 feet of water over it. According to the sheriff's office, several roads remained closed across the county due to heavy rainfall earlier in the day that also resulted in creek flooding in some areas. Additional heavy rainfall moved into the county in the evening hours that resulted in new flash flooding across the county. According to the sheriff's office, several roads remained closed across the county through the night and into the following morning due to a few rounds of heavy rainfall earlier in the day that also resulted in creek flooding in some areas. A tree fell on a home on Lipscomb Street in Fort Worth. Part of the metal roof of a business near West Park Row Road and South Bowen Rd in Arlington was blown off by thunderstorm winds. A 72 mph wind gust was measured at Highway 377 and Tiger Trail in Benbrook. Tree damage and uprooted trees were reported around Benbrook. | [
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] | Given the reported weather events of severe thunderstorms that led to significant rainfall and subsequent flooding, what is the most likely meteorological phenomenon that contributed to the observed temperature spike in time series B on April 26, 2015, and why might this affect future temperature patterns beyond typical seasonal variations?
A) The phenomena were a result of enhanced solar radiation due to the clearing of clouds that accompanied the end of the thunderstorms, leading to significant temperature increases.
B) The temperature increases were likely the result of a cold front moving through, which typically cools temperatures rather than heating them.
C) The substantial rainfall and resultant evaporation from the flooding may have initially cooled the atmosphere but could have led to a rapid increase in temperature due to increased humidity and subsequent solar heating as the storms dissipated.
D) The thunderstorms are likely to have created persistent cloud cover which would have kept temperatures low rather than increasing them. | C |
The following events were reported: Flash Flood, Flood, Hail, Heavy Rain, Thunderstorm Wind, Tornado. These occurred near station USW00003927, approximately 18.9999 km away, between 2015-05-23 12:00:00 and 2015-05-28 01:30:00. The events included records with hailstones measuring 40.25 inches. The flood was caused by Heavy Rain. The events resulted in 0 injuries and 3 fatalities. The events caused property damage valued at 36612500.0 and crop damage of 0.0. Episode Narrative: For several days, a stalled cold front, combined with abundant moisture from the Gulf of Mexico combined to produce widespread rain and thunderstorms in Texas. Several rounds of strong to severe thunderstorms occurred during a four day period, producing flash flooding, and numerous reports of large hail. Tornadoes affected areas in central Texas, from near Lampasas to a deadly tornado in Milam County. For several days, a stalled cold front, combined with abundant moisture from the Gulf of Mexico combined to produce widespread rain and thunderstorms in Texas. Event Narrative: Broadcast media reported that Abrams Road and a nearby shopping center in Arlington, TX were flooded. A public report stated that water was up to the headlights of cars near the intersection of Hwy 360 and Mayfield Rd. The Grand Prairie Fire Department reported that approximately 2.5 feet of water covered the area near the intersection of Hwy 360 and Claremont Dr. Emergency management reported temporary road closures on Corporate, Old Orchard and South Valley Roads due to high water and stalled cars. Emergency management reported that the Frontage Road of Interstate 35 East, South of Valley Ridge, was being shut down due to high water. Arlington Police reported a swift water rescue at the 1300 block of Abram Street in Arlington, TX. A social media report indicated that cars were trapped in high water on North Belt Line Road in Irving, TX. The Grand Prairie Fire Department reported that Hwy 360 was closed at Riverside, Carrier and Pioneer Dr due to high water. Emergency management reported ongoing street closures due to flooding in Lewisville, TX. A vehicle hydroplaned, crashed through a guard rail and down an overpass, killing the 3 occupants inside. The accident happened near the Loop 820 and Highway 121 interchange. Flooding was reported at Walnut Creek Country Club in Mansfield. The ASOS in Arlington measured a wind gust to 69 mph. Flooding across Dallas County persisted from Sunday the 24th, until the early morning hours of Thursday, May 28th. In Dallas, Loop 12, underneath the Interstate 30 overpass was closed for several days thanks to flood waters. Other areas in the county sustained an extended period of flooding, from Duck Creek in Garland, to the Trinity River in Dallas, which submerged parts of several city streets for nearly a week. Grand Prairie Fire Department reported that 4 hangers and a metal gate were damaged at Grand Prairie Municipal Airport. A National Weather Service damage survey team found evidence of a separate tornado in Dallas County, this time in the city of Irving. The tornado began just north of a golf course in the Los Colinas subdivision, just south of US 114. the tornado moved north and northwest, damaging several trees, two high rise buildings, and several carports. The tornado itself was doing damage for less than three minutes according to eyewitnesses. The Mansfield fire department reported wind gusts to near 60 mph in the city of Mansfield. | [
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] | Given the severe weather events reported between May 23 and May 28, 2015, including flash floods, tornadoes, and heavy rainfall, what is the most probable temperature anomaly expected on May 29, 2015, considering the trend observed in the preceding week and the influence of these events on local atmospheric conditions?
A) A significant drop in temperatures to seasonal lows due to lingering cold air associated with the stalled front.
B) An immediate increase in temperatures to seasonal highs as the severe weather subsides and clear skies return.
C) A moderate rise in temperatures leading to highs around 25°C as moisture may still be lingering in the atmosphere, affecting cooling.
D) Fluctuating temperatures with a drastic drop towards evening due to residual atmospheric disturbances from the tornado activity. | C |
The following events were reported: Hail, Thunderstorm Wind, Tornado. These occurred near station USW00003927, approximately 25.5709 km away, between 2011-05-24 17:05:00 and 2011-05-24 21:25:00. The events included records with hailstones measuring 19.354727272727274 inches.Thankfully, no injuries or fatalities were reported. The events caused property damage valued at 3213000.0 and crop damage of 0.0. Episode Narrative: Three rounds of thunderstorms affected north Texas with 10 tornadoes confirmed. The atmosphere was highly unstable on this day and a High Risk was issued by the Storm Prediction Center for the northwestern counties of north Texas while a Moderate Risk covered much of the rest of north Texas. A strong upper level disturbance approaching from the west interacted with a dryline across the western portions of north Texas, and the first round of storms began to develop around 330 pm in the western counties. The first two rounds of storms remained along and north of Interstate 20 but the third round of storms later that night moved through most of the region as a line of storms. The most significant tornado occurred in the western limits of the city of Denton where EF-2 damage occurred. An EF-1 tornado also occurred in the city of Irving in Dallas County, and softball sized hail fell in the northern portions of the Metroplex. In the city of Dallas, one person died from electrocution after going outside around live, downed wires after a storm had passed. Three rounds of thunderstorms affected north Texas with 10 tornadoes confirmed. Event Narrative: Thunderstorm winds, likely associated with the RFD of a tornadic supercell, knocked down trees in the Vintage subdivision located in the southwestern portions of the city of Denton. Fences were also knocked down. Penny sized hail fell in the Sendera Ranch neighborhood just west of Haslet. Penny sized hail was reported by a NWS meteorologist in far north Keller. A brief tornado was observed about 3 miles north of Rhome. Some minor damage was reported to barns, and this tornado was rated an EF-0 with maximum estimated winds of 75-80 MPH. Penny to nickel sized hail fell in Frisco. Penny sized hail was reported 2 miles east of Eagle Mountain Lake. Golfball to baseball sized hail fell at Interstate 20 and Bowen Road in Arlington for several minutes. Hail stones up to 2 in diameter fell in the Sendera Ranch neighborhood just west of Haslet. Quarter to golfball sized hail fell in North Richland Hills. Cars were dented by the hail. Nickel sized hail was reported 3 miles southwest of Keller. Golfball sized hail was reported 1 mile south of Euless. Penny to quarter sized hail was reported in the southern portions of Euless by a NWS meteorologist. Tennis ball sized hail fell 1 mile west of Keller. Hail fell for several minutes in Avondale. The hail began as nickel sized but progressively grew to softball sized hail. Golfball sized hail fell at the intersection of Highway 114 and North MacArthur Blvd in Irving. A NWS Storm Survey determined that an EF-1 tornado occurred in the city of Irving, south of Highway 183. This tornado began along West Grauwyler Road and traveled nearly due south about one and a third miles before lifting near Story Road and 5th Street. Significant tree damage occurred in the Sherwood Forest neighborhood and some roofs were damaged in the same neighborhood. Most of the damage occurred south of Conflans Road along Huntington Drive. One large tree fell through the second story of a home. A small apartment complex at the end of Highland Park Drive was also significantly damaged. The roof was partially torn off one building, and the chimney and A/C vents were also torn off the same roof. Roof damage was observed on other apartment buildings and many windows were broken. South of the apartment complex, across Rock Island Road, the metal roof of a small retail building was torn off, and other buildings in the same retail center sustained damage. Significant tree damage also occurred along the southern portions of the tornado track. Maximum estimated winds were 105 MPH. The automated weather station at Arlington Municipal Airport (KGKY) measured a 70 MPH wind gust. A house was damaged by thunderstorm winds in Saginaw. Shingles were also damaged in the city and several trees were either knocked down or uprooted. Golfball sized hail fell for several minutes in Grapevine. The hail damaged many cars parked outside at DFW International Airport. In addition, about 50 American Airlines airplanes and three other large planes were damaged by the hail. Pea to penny sized hail was reported in the southern portions of Euless by a NWS meteorologist. Hailstones up to 2 in diameter fell at the intersection of Highway 114 and Freeport Parkway in Coppell. Seventy to seventy-five MPH winds were estimated along and just north of Loop 820 from Highway 377/Denton Highway to near Holiday Lane. These strong winds damaged several business signs and the roof of a commercial building at Loop 820 and Rufe Snow Drive. Several large trees and power poles were also knocked down along Rufe Snow Drive north of Loop 820. In the neighborhood around Richland Hills High School, many large tree limbs were broken, a few power poles were leaning about 20 degrees, and some trees were either split or knocked down. One tree fell on a house and damaged the roof. Softball sized hail fell just west of Willow Springs Golf Course. The hail knocked tiles off a pool and left holes in the roof of at least one home. Sixty MPH winds were estimated on Bonds Ranch Road in Haslet. Large tree limbs were knocked down and shingles were blown off roofs. Quarter sized hail was reported 7 miles south of Rhome or near Pecan Acres in northwest Tarrant County. Penny to half dollar sized hail fell in Hurst. Tennis ball sized hail was reported in west Keller between Highway 170 and Golden Triangle Blvd. Golfball sized hail fell near Highways 183 and 121 in Bedford. Significant structural damage occurred to some homes in the Nichols Way neighborhood of Irving. Roofs were damaged, part of a roof was torn off a house, and siding was stripped off a few homes. Trees were also knocked down or large limbs were broken off. Pea to penny sized hail fell in the 1000-1100 block of East Bowie Street for 10 minutes. Softball sized hail was reported on the northwest side of Keller. Sixty to seventy MPH winds were estimated in Corinth. Seventy MPH winds were estimated in the northwest side of Keller. A NWS Storm Survey analyzed wind damage along a line from Springtown to Haslet and determined that straight-line winds of 75 to 85 MPH caused much of the damage. Outbuildings, barns, roofs and trees were damaged by a supercell that tracked east across the area. Golfball sized hail was reported 4 miles west of Keller. Nickel to quarter sized hail fell in Euless. Seventy MPH winds were estimated on the east side of Fort Worth. Two large trees were blown down, and they fell on the roof of a house. Baseball sized hail was reported a mile south of Fort Worth. Straight-line winds caused damage along White Lane Road in south Haslet. Several trees were snapped or knocked over, two lean-tos that house horses were destroyed, a horse trailer was overturned, and an air conditioning unit was tossed across a yard. Other outbuildings, barns, and sheds were damaged. Five acres of fencing was also knocked down on one property and part of the trim of a house was torn off. A waterspout was observed over Lake Worth, and then it moved onto land damaging trees along Boat Club Road on the east side of the lake. A NWS Storm Survey determined that a EF-2 tornado began near the Argyle/Denton city line and traveled northeast for just over 1 mile. The tornado began in the Country Lakes subdivision where it significantly damaged the roofs of numerous homes. At least 10 to 12 homes sustained moderate damage. However, two homes lost part of their roofs on the order of EF-2 damage. To the northeast of the subdivision, near Johnson Lane, another home sustained minor roof damage and a barn was destroyed. Trees were also damaged along the path of the tornado. Maximum winds with this tornado were estimated between 115 and 125 MPH. Ping pong ball sized hail was reported in the southern portions of Euless by a NWS meteorologist. Golfball sized hail was reported at Interstate 30 and Beach Street on the east side of Fort Worth. Baseball sized hail fell near the intersection of Highway 377 and Keller Parkway. A 53-foot semitrailer was blown over and into a ditch on Interstate 35 around the Northlake area. Trees were blown down and shingles were blown off the roofs of an apartment complex on Boat Club Road near Lake Worth. A 67 MPH wind gust was measured at the National Weather Service Office. Straight-line winds caused damage near and east of Highway 121 and Glade Street in Bedford. Some business signs were blown out, about 10 trees were knocked down near the Lowe's, and tree damage was observed at homes behind the Lowe's store. Other wind damage to roofs, trees, fences, and sheds was also reported around Bedford. | [
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23.133333333333333,
22.96666666666667,
22.8,
22.6,
22.4,
22.2,
22.566666666666666,
22.933333333333334,
23.3,
24.066666666666666,
24.833333333333336,
25.6,
26.333333333333336,
27.066666666666666,
27.8,
27.6,
27.4,
27.2,
27.03333333333333,
26.866666666666667,
26.7,
26.333333333333332,
25.96666666666667,
25.6,
25.2,
24.8,
24.4,
24.599999999999998,
24.8,
25,
24.8,
24.599999999999998,
24.4,
25.2,
26,
28.9,
27.599999999999998,
26.3,
25,
24.266666666666666,
23.533333333333335,
22.8,
21.666666666666668,
20.53333333333333,
19.4,
18.866666666666667,
18.333333333333332,
17.8,
17.233333333333334,
16.666666666666668,
16.1,
17.033333333333335,
17.966666666666665,
18.9,
20,
21.099999999999998,
22.2,
23.7,
25.2,
26.7,
28,
29.3,
30.6,
29.833333333333336,
29.066666666666666,
28.3,
27.400000000000002,
26.5,
25.6,
25.033333333333335,
24.466666666666665,
23.9,
23.7,
23.5,
23.3,
23.666666666666668,
24.03333333333333,
24.4,
25.333333333333332,
26.266666666666666,
27.2,
28.133333333333333,
29.066666666666666,
30,
30.566666666666666,
31.133333333333333,
31.7,
31.133333333333333,
30.566666666666666,
30,
25,
20,
19.4,
21.633333333333333,
23.866666666666667,
26.1,
25.733333333333334,
25.366666666666667,
25,
24.433333333333334,
23.866666666666667,
23.3,
24.233333333333334,
25.166666666666668,
26.1,
24.05,
22,
23.9,
25.566666666666666,
27.23333333333333,
28.9,
29.266666666666666,
29.633333333333333,
30,
29.266666666666666,
28.533333333333335,
27.8,
27.233333333333334,
26.666666666666668,
26.1,
25.533333333333335,
24.966666666666665,
24.4,
24.4,
24.4,
24.4,
24.599999999999998,
24.8,
25,
26.1,
27.2,
28.3,
29.6,
30.900000000000002,
32.2,
32.2,
32.2
] | [
"2011-05-25T00:00:00",
"2011-05-25T01:00:00",
"2011-05-25T02:00:00",
"2011-05-25T03:00:00",
"2011-05-25T04:00:00",
"2011-05-25T05:00:00",
"2011-05-25T06:00:00",
"2011-05-25T07:00:00",
"2011-05-25T08:00:00",
"2011-05-25T09:00:00",
"2011-05-25T10:00:00",
"2011-05-25T11:00:00",
"2011-05-25T12:00:00",
"2011-05-25T13:00:00",
"2011-05-25T14:00:00",
"2011-05-25T15:00:00",
"2011-05-25T16:00:00",
"2011-05-25T17:00:00",
"2011-05-25T18:00:00",
"2011-05-25T19:00:00",
"2011-05-25T20:00:00",
"2011-05-25T21:00:00",
"2011-05-25T22:00:00",
"2011-05-25T23:00:00"
] | [
30.6,
28.733333333333334,
26.866666666666667,
25,
24.433333333333334,
23.866666666666667,
23.3,
23.5,
23.7,
23.9,
23.53333333333333,
23.166666666666668,
22.8,
23.733333333333334,
24.666666666666668,
25.6,
26.866666666666667,
28.133333333333333,
29.4,
30.53333333333333,
31.666666666666664,
32.8,
32.8,
32.8
] | Considering the reported weather events on May 24, 2011, which included hail, thunderstorm winds, and tornadoes in north Texas, analyze the likely impact on temperature trends for the following day (May 25). What explanation best correlates with the temperature increase observed in time series B?
A) The increase in temperature on May 25th is due to the residual heat from the severe storms, which tends to elevate temperatures post-event in affected areas.
B) Tornado activity is typically followed by a significant drop in temperature, thus the lower temperatures observed in time series B are unexpected after the intense storms reported.
C) The intense frontal systems associated with thunderstorms often lead to prolonged cooling periods, which explains the consistent upward trend in temperatures observed on May 25th.
D) The hail from the storms can lead to reflective cooling, which would logically continue cooling the next day, but instead, the data shows an increase in temperature on May 25, indicating external warming influences. | A |
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