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Hypoxanthine | C1=NC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC=N2 | Hypoxanthine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
Hypoxanthine | C1=NC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC=N2 | CID 790 is a natural product found in Fritillaria cirrhosa, Beta vulgaris, and other organisms with data available. |
Hypoxanthine | C1=NC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC=N2 | Hypoxanthine is a purine-based organic compound in human muscle tissues, Hypoxanthine is formed during purine catabolism as a product of xanthine oxidase action on xanthine, and occasionally is found as a constituent of nucleic acids. The potent anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of purines may be mediated by cell surface adenosine receptors. Hypoxanthine protects against oxidant-induced cell injury by inhibiting activation of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). (NCI04) |
Hypoxanthine | C1=NC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC=N2 | Hypoxanthine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
Hypoxanthine | C1=NC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC=N2 | A purine and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the salvage pathway. |
(6R)-5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate | C1[C@@H]2CN(CN2C3=C(N1)N=C(NC3=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid is the (6R)-stereoisomer of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a cofactor. It is a conjugate acid of a (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate(2-). |
(6R)-5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate | C1[C@@H]2CN(CN2C3=C(N1)N=C(NC3=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | Modufolin is under investigation for the treatment of Osteosarcoma. |
(6R)-5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate | C1[C@@H]2CN(CN2C3=C(N1)N=C(NC3=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | 5,10-Methylene-THF is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
(6R)-5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate | C1[C@@H]2CN(CN2C3=C(N1)N=C(NC3=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | Arfolitixorin is the R-isomer of folitixorin, a reduced folate-based biomodulator and active metabolite of folate drugs leucovorin (LV) and levoleucovorin (l-LV) that can be used to increase the efficacy of certain antimetabolites, such as the cytotoxic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and reduce as well as protect against certain antimetabolite-associated adverse effects, such as those seen with high-dose (HD) methotrexate. Upon administration of arfolitixorin, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHF) is a reduced folate substrate for the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) and stabilizes, upon co-administration of 5-FU, the covalent binding of the 5-FU metabolite 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (FdUMP), instead of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), to its target enzyme TS, which results in an inhibition of TS. This inhibits the synthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) and leads to the depletion of thymidine triphosphate (TTP), which is a necessary constituent of DNA. This inhibits DNA synthesis, which leads to an inhibition of cellular proliferation and induces tumor cell death. As MTHF is able to stabilize and strengthen the ternary complex, co-administration of arfolitixorin enhances the inhibition of DNA synthesis and increases the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU. As MTHF is the active form of folate and the active metabolite of LV and l-LV, arfolitixorin does not need to be converted to an active metabolite to become activated. In DNA synthesis, a ternary complex is formed between the reduced folate substrate MTHF, the TS enzyme and dUMP in order to convert dUMP to the DNA building block dTMP, which is necessary for DNA synthesis. |
1-Methyladenine | CN1C=NC2=C(C1=N)NC=N2 | 1-methyladenine is adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-1. It has a role as a metabolite. |
1-Methyladenine | CN1C=NC2=C(C1=N)NC=N2 | N1-Methyladenine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate | C1[C@@H]2CN(CN2C3=C(N1)N=C(NC3=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | 5,10-Methylene-THF is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate | C1[C@@H]2CN(CN2C3=C(N1)N=C(NC3=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | 5,10-Methylene-THF is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
3-Methyladenine | CN1C=NC(=N)C2=C1N=CN2 | 3-methyladenine is a methyladenine that is adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-3. It has a role as a human metabolite and an autophagy inhibitor. |
3-Methyladenine | CN1C=NC(=N)C2=C1N=CN2 | 3-Methyladenine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
Queuine | C1=C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1NCC2=CNC3=C2C(=O)NC(=N3)N)O)O | Queuine is a pyrrolopyrimidine. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a queuine(1+). |
Queuine | C1=C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1NCC2=CNC3=C2C(=O)NC(=N3)N)O)O | Queuine is a derivative of [7-Deazaguanine]. Bacteria possess the exclusive ability to synthesize queuine, which is then salvaged and passed on to plants and animals. Quantities of queuine have been found in tomatoes, wheat, coconut water, and milk from humans, cows, and goats. Humans salvage and recover queuine from either ingested food or the gut flora. All eukaryotic organisms, including humans, transform queuine to queuosine by placing it in the wobble position (anticodon) of several tRNAs including aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, and tyrosine. Endogenously, it has been determined that queuine contributes to generating various important biochemicals like tyrosine, serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, nitric oxide, lipids, and others. |
Queuine | C1=C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1NCC2=CNC3=C2C(=O)NC(=N3)N)O)O | Queuine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). |
Queuine | C1=C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1NCC2=CNC3=C2C(=O)NC(=N3)N)O)O | Queuine is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis and Caenorhabditis elegans with data available. |
Guanosine-5'-Diphosphate-Beta-L-Galactose | C1=NC2=C(N1[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)N=C(NC2=O)N | GDP-beta-L-galactose is a GDP-L-galactose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre of the L-galactose fragment. It is a conjugate acid of a GDP-beta-L-galactose(2-). |
Dihydrobiopterin | C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=NC2=C(NC1)N=C(NC2=O)N)O)O | L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin is a 7,8-dihydrobiopterin in which the 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group has (1R,2S)-configuration; naturally occurring form. It is an enantiomer of a D-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin. |
Dihydrobiopterin | C[C@@H]([C@@H](C1=NC2=C(NC1)N=C(NC2=O)N)O)O | 7,8-Dihydrobiopterin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dihydroneopterin aldolase (DHNA), which catalyzes the conversion of 7,8-Dihydrobiopterin to 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin and glycolaldehyde. |
Rifampicin | C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)/C | Rifampicin is a member of the class of rifamycins that is a a semisynthetic antibiotic derived from Amycolatopsis rifamycinica (previously known as Amycolatopsis mediterranei and Streptomyces mediterranei). It has a role as an EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, an antitubercular agent, a leprostatic drug, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a protein synthesis inhibitor, a neuroprotective agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a pregnane X receptor agonist, an antineoplastic agent, an antiamoebic agent and a geroprotector. It is a N-iminopiperazine, a N-methylpiperazine, a hydrazone, a cyclic ketal, a semisynthetic derivative and a member of rifamycins. It is a tautomer of a rifampicin zwitterion. |
Rifampicin | C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)/C | Rifampin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Rifampin is also FDA-approved to treat people who carry Neisseria meningitidis bacteria but have no symptoms of disease. Treatment with rifampin eliminates the bacteria from their noses and throats. This use of rifampin can prevent the spread of meningitis and other meningococcal diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria. |
Rifampicin | C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)/C | A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) |
Rifampicin | C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)/C | Rifampin is a Rifamycin Antibacterial. |
Rifampicin | C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)/C | Rifampin (also referred to as rifampicin) is a macrocyclic antibiotic with major activity against mycobacteria, commonly used in combination with other agents as therapy of tuberculosis. Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal. |
Rifampicin | C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)/C | Rifampin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamycin with broad antibacterial activity. Rifampin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible bacteria and is often used in combination with other antibiotics for various infections including tuberculosis. |
Rifampicin | C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\C(=O)NC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2O)C(=C(C4=C3C(=O)[C@](O4)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)C)O)O)/C=N/N5CCN(CC5)C)/C | A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) |
Cayston | C[C@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)[O-])NC(=O)/C(=N\OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)/C2=CSC(=[NH+]2)N | Aztreonam is a synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking. It has a role as a drug allergen, an EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor and an antibacterial drug. It is a beta-lactam antibiotic allergen and a monobactam. |
Cayston | C[C@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)[O-])NC(=O)/C(=N\OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)/C2=CSC(=[NH+]2)N | A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms. |
Cayston | C[C@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)[O-])NC(=O)/C(=N\OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)/C2=CSC(=[NH+]2)N | Aztreonam is a monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum with bactericidal activity. Aztreonam preferentially binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding protein-3 (PBP-3), which is involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis, thereby inhibiting bacterial cell wall integrity and leading to cell lysis and death. This agent differs from other beta-lactam antibiotics because it is resistant to beta-lactamase hydrolysis, and it is usually used to treat infections caused by gram-negative aerobic microorganisms. |
Cayston | C[C@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N1S(=O)(=O)[O-])NC(=O)/C(=N\OC(C)(C)C(=O)O)/C2=CSC(=[NH+]2)N | A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms. |
DTIC-Dome | CN(C)/N=N/C1=C(NC=N1)C(=O)N | Dacarbazine appears as white to ivory microcrystals or off-white crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992) |
DTIC-Dome | CN(C)/N=N/C1=C(NC=N1)C(=O)N | (E)-dacarbazine is a dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration. |
DTIC-Dome | CN(C)/N=N/C1=C(NC=N1)C(=O)N | An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564). Dacarbazine with Oblimersen is in clinical trials for the treatment of malignant melanoma. |
DTIC-Dome | CN(C)/N=N/C1=C(NC=N1)C(=O)N | Dacarbazine is an Alkylating Drug. The mechanism of action of dacarbazine is as an Alkylating Activity. |
DTIC-Dome | CN(C)/N=N/C1=C(NC=N1)C(=O)N | Dacarbazine (also known as DTIC) is an intravenously administered alkylating agent used in the therapy of Hodgkin disease and malignant melanoma. Dacarbazine therapy has been associated with serum enzyme elevations during therapy and occasional cases of severe and distinctive acute hepatic failure, probably caused by acute sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. |
DTIC-Dome | CN(C)/N=N/C1=C(NC=N1)C(=O)N | Dacarbazine is a triazene derivative with antineoplastic activity. Dacarbazine alkylates and cross-links DNA during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in disruption of DNA function, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. (NCI04) |
DTIC-Dome | CN(C)/N=N/C1=C(NC=N1)C(=O)N | An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564) |
Rifabutine | C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\C(=O)N=C2C(=C3C(=C4C2=NC5(N4)CCN(CC5)CC(C)C)C6=C(C(=C3O)C)O[C@@](C6=O)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)O)/C | Rifabutin is a member of rifamycins. It has a role as an antitubercular agent. |
Rifabutine | C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\C(=O)N=C2C(=C3C(=C4C2=NC5(N4)CCN(CC5)CC(C)C)C6=C(C(=C3O)C)O[C@@](C6=O)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)O)/C | A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients. |
Rifabutine | C[C@H]1/C=C/C=C(\C(=O)N=C2C(=C3C(=C4C2=NC5(N4)CCN(CC5)CC(C)C)C6=C(C(=C3O)C)O[C@@](C6=O)(O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)C)OC)C)O)/C | A broad-spectrum antibiotic that is being used as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients. |
Olanzapine | CC1=CC2=C(S1)NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C2N4CCN(CC4)C | Olanzapine is a benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4. It has a role as a histamine antagonist, a muscarinic antagonist, a serotonergic antagonist, a dopaminergic antagonist, an antiemetic, a second generation antipsychotic and a serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is a benzodiazepine, a N-methylpiperazine and a N-arylpiperazine. |
Olanzapine | CC1=CC2=C(S1)NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C2N4CCN(CC4)C | Olanzapine is a thienobenzodiazepine classified as an atypical or second-generation antipsychotic agent. The second-generation antipsychotics were introduced in the 90s and quickly gained traction due to their impressive efficacy, reduced risk for extrapyramidal side effects and reduced susceptibility to drug-drug interactions. Olanzapine very closely resembles [clozapine] and only differs by two additional methyl groups and the absence of a chloride moiety. It was discovered by scientists at Eli Lilly and approved to be marketed in the US in 1996. |
Olanzapine | CC1=CC2=C(S1)NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C2N4CCN(CC4)C | Olanzapine is an Atypical Antipsychotic. |
Olanzapine | CC1=CC2=C(S1)NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C2N4CCN(CC4)C | Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that is used currently in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar illness. Olanzapine is not infrequently associated with serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and there have been rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury linked to its use. |
Olanzapine | CC1=CC2=C(S1)NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C2N4CCN(CC4)C | Olanzapine is a synthetic derivative of thienobenzodiazepine with antipsychotic, antinausea, and antiemetic activities. As a selective monoaminergic antagonist, olanzapine binds with high affinity binding to the following receptors: serotoninergic, dopaminergic, muscarinic M1-5, histamine H1, and alpha-1-adrenergic receptors; it binds weakly to gamma-aminobutyric acid type A, benzodiazepine, and beta-adrenergic receptors. The antinausea and antiemetic effects of this agent appear to be due to the blockade of 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors for serotonin. Although its exact mechanism of action in schizophrenia is unknown, it has been proposed that olanzapine's antipsychotic activity is mediated through antagonism to dopamine D2 receptors with rapid ligand-receptor dissociation kinetics that help to minimize extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Olanzapine may also stimulate appetite. |
Olanzapine | CC1=CC2=C(S1)NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C2N4CCN(CC4)C | A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy. |
Pralidoximum | C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1/C=N/O | Pralidoxime is a pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2. It has a role as a cholinergic drug, a cholinesterase reactivator, an antidote to organophosphate poisoning and an antidote to sarin poisoning. |
Pralidoximum | C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1/C=N/O | Pralidoxime is an antidote to organophosphate pesticides and chemicals. Organophosphates bind to the esteratic site of acetylcholinesterase, which results initially in reversible inactivation of the enzyme. If given within 24 hours,after organophosphate exposure, pralidoxime reactivates the enzyme cholinesterase by cleaving the phosphate-ester bond formed between the organophosphate and acetylcholinesterase. |
Pralidoximum | C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1/C=N/O | Pralidoxime is a Cholinesterase Reactivator. The mechanism of action of pralidoxime is as a Cholinesterase Reactivator. |
Oxypurinol | C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC(=O)N2 | Alloxanthine is a pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6. It has a role as an EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor and a drug metabolite. |
Oxypurinol | C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC(=O)N2 | Oxypurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, is a metabolite of allopurinol. |
Oxypurinol | C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC(=O)N2 | Oxypurinol is a natural product found in Pecten jacobaeus, Aequipecten opercularis, and other organisms with data available. |
Oxypurinol | C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC(=O)N2 | A xanthine oxidase inhibitor. |
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolic acid | C1C2CN(CN2C3=C(N1)N=C(NC3=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid is a methylenetetrahydrofolic acid and a member of benzamides. It is a conjugate acid of a 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate(2-). |
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolic acid | C1C2CN(CN2C3=C(N1)N=C(NC3=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolic acid is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available. |
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolic acid | C1C2CN(CN2C3=C(N1)N=C(NC3=O)N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | Folitixorin is a folate-based biomodulator with potential antineoplastic activity. 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (MTHF) stabilizes the covalent binding of the fluorouracil metabolite 5-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-O-monophosphate (FdUMP) to its target enzyme, thymidylate synthase, which results in inhibition of thymidylate synthase, depletion of thymidine triphosphate (TTP), a necessary constituent of DNA, and tumor cell death. Unlike leucovorin, MTHF, as the active form of folate, does not require metabolic activation and may increase the chemotherapeutic effects of fluorouracil with lower toxicity. |
Vardenafil | CCCC1=NC(=C2N1N=C(NC2=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)S(=O)(=O)N4CCN(CC4)CC)OCC)C | Vardenafil is the sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine. It has a role as a vasodilator agent and an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor. It is a N-alkylpiperazine, an imidazotriazine and a N-sulfonylpiperazine. |
Vardenafil | CCCC1=NC(=C2N1N=C(NC2=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)S(=O)(=O)N4CCN(CC4)CC)OCC)C | Vardenafil (Levitra) is an oral therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It is a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). Penile erection is a hemodynamic process initiated by the relaxation of smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum and its associated arterioles. During sexual stimulation, nitric oxide is released from nerve endings and endothelial cells in the corpus cavernosum. Nitric oxide activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase resulting in increased synthesis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the smooth muscle cells of the corpus cavernosum. The cGMP in turn triggers smooth muscle relaxation, allowing increased blood flow into the penis, resulting in erection. The tissue concentration of cGMP is regulated by both the rates of synthesis and degradation via phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The most abundant PDE in the human corpus cavernosum is the cGMPspecific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5); therefore, the inhibition of PDE5 enhances erectile function by increasing the amount of cGMP. |
Vardenafil | CCCC1=NC(=C2N1N=C(NC2=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)S(=O)(=O)N4CCN(CC4)CC)OCC)C | Vardenafil is a Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of vardenafil is as a Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor. |
Vardenafil | CCCC1=NC(=C2N1N=C(NC2=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)S(=O)(=O)N4CCN(CC4)CC)OCC)C | Vardenafil is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) and is used as therapy of erectile dysfunction. Vardenafil has not been associated with serum aminotransferase elevations nor with clinically apparent liver injury. |
Vardenafil | CCCC1=NC(=C2N1N=C(NC2=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)S(=O)(=O)N4CCN(CC4)CC)OCC)C | Vardenafil is a benzenesulfonamide derivative and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with vasodilatory activity. Vardenafil selectively inhibits PDE5, thus inhibiting the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) found in the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum of the penis. The inhibition of cGMP degradation results in prolonged muscle relaxation, vasodilation, and blood engorgement of the corpus cavernosa, prolonging penile erection. |
Vardenafil | CCCC1=NC(=C2N1N=C(NC2=O)C3=C(C=CC(=C3)S(=O)(=O)N4CCN(CC4)CC)OCC)C | A piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION. |
Allopurinol | C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC=N2 | 4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine is an odorless tasteless white microcrystalline powder. (NTP, 1992) |
Allopurinol | C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC=N2 | Allopurinol is a bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. It has a role as a radical scavenger, a gout suppressant, an antimetabolite and an EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor. It is an organic heterobicyclic compound and a nucleobase analogue. It derives from a hydride of a 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine. |
Allopurinol | C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC=N2 | Gout is a disease that occurs by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in body tissues, especially around joints. This disease has been well-documented in historical medical records and appears in the biographies of several prominent, historically recognized individuals. Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase enzyme inhibitor that is considered to be one of the most effective drugs used to decrease urate levels and is frequently used in the treatment of chronic gout. It was initially approved by the FDA in 1966 and is now formulated by several manufacturers. |
Allopurinol | C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC=N2 | Allopurinol is a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of allopurinol is as a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor. |
Allopurinol | C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC=N2 | Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and a widely used medication for gout. Allopurinol is a rare but well known cause of acute liver injury that has features of a hypersensitivity reaction and can be severe and even fatal. |
Allopurinol | C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC=N2 | Allopurinol is a natural product found in Gardenia oudiepe, Schinus terebinthifolia, and Rhodiola rosea with data available. |
Allopurinol | C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC=N2 | Allopurinol is a structural isomer of hypoxanthine. Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that converts oxypurines to uric acid. By blocking the production of uric acid, this agent decreases serum and urine concentrations of uric acid, thereby providing protection against uric acid-mediated end organ damage in conditions associated with excessive production of uric acid, i.e. the massive cell lysis associated with the treatment of some malignancies. (NCI04) |
Allopurinol | C1=NNC2=C1C(=O)NC=N2 | A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms. |
Tetrahydrobiopterin | CC(C(C1CNC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC(=N2)N)O)O | 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin is a tetrahydropterin, a member of biopterins and a diol. It has a role as a prosthetic group, a coenzyme, a nutraceutical and a human metabolite. |
Tetrahydrobiopterin | CC(C(C1CNC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC(=N2)N)O)O | Tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor that is essential for the activity of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Tetrahydrobiopterin degrades phenylalanine, and facilitates the biosynthesis of several neurotransmitters and the production of nitric oxide. |
Leucovorin | C1C(N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid is a formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 5-formyltetrahydrofolate(2-). |
Leucovorin | C1C(N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | Folinic Acid (also known as 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid or leucovorin) is the 5-formyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid, a necessary co-factor in the body. Commercially available leucovorin is composed of a 1:1 racemic mixture of the dextrorotary and levorotary isomers, while levoleucovorin contains only the pharmacologically active levo-isomer. In vitro, the levo-isomer has been shown to be rapidly converted to the biologically available methyl-tetrahydrofolate form while the dextro form is slowly excreted by the kidneys. Despite this difference in activity, the two commercially available forms have been shown to be pharmacokinetically identical and may be used interchangeably with limited differences in efficacy or side effects (Kovoor et al, 2009). As folate analogs, leucovorin and levoleucovorin are both used to counteract the toxic effects of folic acid antagonists, such as methotrexate, which act by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). They are indicated for use as rescue therapy following use of high-dose methotrexate in the treatment of osteosarcoma or for diminishing the toxicity associated with inadvertent overdosage of folic acid antagonists. Injectable forms are also indicated for use in the treatment of megaloblastic anemias due to folic acid deficiency when oral therapy is not feasible and for use in combination with 5-fluorouracil to prolong survival in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Folic acid is an essential B vitamin required by the body for the synthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and methionine before incorporation into DNA or protein. However, in order to function in this role, it must first be reduced by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) into the cofactors dihydrofolate (DHF) and tetrahydrofolate (THF). This important pathway, which is required for de novo synthesis of nucleic acids and amino acids, is disrupted when high-dose methotrexate is used for cancer therapy. As methotrexate functions as a DHFR inhibitor to prevent DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells, it also prevents the formation of DHF and THF. This results in a deficiency of coenzymes and a resultant buildup of toxic substances that are responsible for numerous adverse side effects associated with methotrexate therapy. As levoleucovorin and leucovorin are analogs of tetrahydrofolate (THF), they are able to bypass DHFR reduction and act as a cellular replacement for the co-factor THF, thereby preventing these toxic side effects. |
Leucovorin | C1C(N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | Leucovorin is a Folate Analog. |
Leucovorin | C1C(N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | Leucovorin is a natural product found in Capsicum annuum var. annuum with data available. |
Leucovorin | C1C(N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | Leucovorin is a derivative of folic acid with chemoprotectant, antidote and synergistic activity. Leucovorin does not require metabolism by dihydrofolate reductase, the molecular target of folate antagonist-type chemotherapeutic drugs, and is converted to a tetrahydrofolate, which is the necessary folate for purine and pyrimidine synthesis. As this agent allows for some purine/pyrimidine synthesis to occur, the toxic effects of folic acid antagonist-type chemotherapeutic drugs are counteracted while still permitting the antitumor activity of the folic acid antagonist through dihydrofolate reductase inhibition. This agent also potentiates the effects of 5-fluorouracil and its derivatives by stabilizing the binding of 5-fluorouracil's converted form fluorodeoxyuridylic acid to its target enzyme thymidylate synthase, thus prolonging drug activity. |
Leucovorin | C1C(N(C2=C(N1)N=C(NC2=O)N)C=O)CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O | The active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as an antidote to FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS. |
Phosphoaminophosphonic acid-guanylate ester | C1=NC2=C(N1[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(NP(=O)(O)O)O)O)O)N=C(NC2=O)N | Guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate is a nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+). It is a conjugate acid of a guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate(4-). |
Phosphoaminophosphonic acid-guanylate ester | C1=NC2=C(N1[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(NP(=O)(O)O)O)O)O)N=C(NC2=O)N | A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of adenylate cyclase. |
Phosphoaminophosphonic acid-guanylate ester | C1=NC2=C(N1[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(NP(=O)(O)O)O)O)O)N=C(NC2=O)N | A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES. |
S)-2-(5(((1,2-Dihydro-3-methyl-1-oxobenzo(F)quinazolin-9-YL)methyl)amino)1-oxo-2-isoindolinyl)glutaric acid | CC1=NC2=C(C3=C(C=CC(=C3)CNC4=CC5=C(C=C4)C(=O)N(C5)[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)C=C2)C(=O)N1 | OSI-7904L is a liposome encapsulated thymidylate synthase inhibitor, which is indicated for use in advanced gastric and/or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (A-G/GEJA). Current treatments also inhibit thymidylate synthase but the innovative lipid coating of OSI-7904L allows for more enduring results with administration of the TS inhibitor. |
S)-2-(5(((1,2-Dihydro-3-methyl-1-oxobenzo(F)quinazolin-9-YL)methyl)amino)1-oxo-2-isoindolinyl)glutaric acid | CC1=NC2=C(C3=C(C=CC(=C3)CNC4=CC5=C(C=C4)C(=O)N(C5)[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)C=C2)C(=O)N1 | Liposome-encapsulated OSI-7904 is a liposome-encapsulated formulation of the benzoquinazoline folate analog OSI-7904 with antineoplastic activity. As a thymidylate synthase inhibitor, OSI-7904 noncompetitively binds to thymidylate synthase, resulting in inhibition of thymine nucleotide synthesis and DNA replication. Liposome encapsulation improves the efficacy and increases the half-life of OSI-7904. (NCI04) |
Filociclovir | C1/C(=C/N2C=NC3=C2N=C(NC3=O)N)/C1(CO)CO | Filociclovir is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01433835 (Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Single Oral Doses of Filociclovir in Healthy Volunteers). |
Alanosine | C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)/[N+](=N/O)/[O-] | An amino acid analogue and antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces alanosinicus with antimetabolite and potential antineoplastic activities. |
Alanosine | C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)/[N+](=N/O)/[O-] | Alanosine is an amino acid analogue and antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces alanosinicus with antimetabolite and potential antineoplastic activities. L-alanosine inhibits adenylosuccinate synthetase, which converts inosine monophospate (IMP) into adenylosuccinate, an intermediate in purine metabolism. L-alanosine-induced disruption of de novo purine biosynthesis is potentiated by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency. The clinical use of this agent may be limited by its toxicity profile. MTAP is a key enzyme in the adenine and methionine salvage pathways. |
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin | CC(C([C@H]1CNC2=C(N1)C(=O)NC(=N2)N)O)O | (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin is a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration. |
S-8510 free base | C1COCC2=C3C(=CN=C21)NC(=N3)C4=NOC=C4 | S-8510 / SB-737552 is a BZD inverse agonist investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and mild to moderate senile dementia. It was being codeveloped by Shionogi and GlaxoSmithKline. |
Forodesine | C1=C(C2=C(N1)C(=O)NC=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](N3)CO)O)O | Immucillin H is a pyrrolopyrimidine and a dihydroxypyrrolidine. |
Forodesine | C1=C(C2=C(N1)C(=O)NC=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](N3)CO)O)O | Forodesine is a highly potent, orally active, rationally designed PNP inhibitor that has shown activity in preclinical studies with malignant cells and clinical utility against T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Additional preliminary findings support its use for the management of some B-cell malignancies. |
Tegaserod | CCCCCN=C(N)N/N=C/C1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC | Tegaserod is a member of guanidines, a carboxamidine, a member of hydrazines and a member of indoles. It has a role as a serotonergic agonist and a gastrointestinal drug. |
Tegaserod | CCCCCN=C(N)N/N=C/C1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC | Novartis' brand name Zelnorm (tegaserod) had originally received approval from the US FDA in 2002 for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). It was, however, voluntarily withdrawn from widespread use in the US market in 2007 after concerns arose over the possibility that tegaserod could potentially cause dangerous cardiovascular events in patients. Since then, closer evaluations of the original data suggesting such cardiovascular risk have resulted in the limited reintroduction or 're-approval' of tegaserod for treatment of IBS-C specifically in female patients less than 65 years of age and whom are considered to be at a lower risk of a cardiovascular event than the broader population. Zelnorm (tegaserod) by Sloan Pharma subsequently gained re-approval in April of 2019. Nevertheless, tegaserod remains un-approved in certain regions. Despite the relative complications involved in its history of regulatory approval, ever since its first introduction in 2002 tegaserod remains the only therapy for IBS-C that possesses the unique mechanism of action of acting on serotonin-4 (5-HT(4)) receptors in smooth muscle cells and in the gastrointestinal wall to facilitate actions like esophageal relaxation, peristaltic gut movement, and natural secretions in the gut, among others. |
Tegaserod | CCCCCN=C(N)N/N=C/C1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC | Tegaserod is a Serotonin-4 Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of tegaserod is as a Serotonin 4 Receptor Agonist. |
Tegaserod | CCCCCN=C(N)N/N=C/C1=CNC2=C1C=C(C=C2)OC | Tegaserod is a natural product found in Geodia barretti with data available. |
Isatoribine | C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)N2C3=C(C(=O)NC(=N3)N)SC2=O)O)O)O | Isatoribine is a selective agonist of TLR7. |
Azilsartan medoxomil | CCOC1=NC2=CC=CC(=C2N1CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4C5=NOC(=O)N5)C(=O)OCC6=C(OC(=O)O6)C | Azilsartan medoxomil is a carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of azilsartan with the hydroxy group of 4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one. A prodrug for azilsartan, it is used for treatment of hypertension. It has a role as a prodrug, an angiotensin receptor antagonist and an antihypertensive agent. It is a member of benzimidazoles, a dioxolane, a cyclic carbonate ester, a 1,2,4-oxadiazole, an aromatic ether and a carboxylic ester. It is functionally related to an azilsartan. It is a conjugate acid of an azilsartan medoxomil(1-). |
Azilsartan medoxomil | CCOC1=NC2=CC=CC(=C2N1CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4C5=NOC(=O)N5)C(=O)OCC6=C(OC(=O)O6)C | Azilsartan medoxomil is a prodrug that is broken down to azilsartan, which belongs in the angiotensin-receptor blocking (ARB) drug class. It is a selective AT1 subtype angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Azilsartan medoxomil is a relatively recently-developed antihypertensive drug that was first approved by the FDA in February 2011. Many guidelines recommend the use of ARBs as first-line therapy when initiating antihypertensive therapy and indicate that the clinical efficacy of ARBs is comparable to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors that are also used as first-line treatment for hypertension. Azilsartan medoxomil is marketed under the brand name Edarbi. It is used to treat hypertension as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. It is also available in a combination product with [chlorthalidone]. As hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, early management of hypertension has several implications on patients' survival rate and quality of life in the future. Lowering blood pressure is associated with a reduced risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. Azilsartan medoxomil is thus speculated to lower mortality rates and the onset of cardiovascular disease. Although there is no clinical significance yet determined, azilsartan medoxomil may have potential off-label uses in patients with a history of myocardial infarction or heart failure. |
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