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[ { "docid": "1562189", "text": "Internal validity is the extent to which a piece of evidence supports a claim about cause and effect, within the context of a particular study. It is one of the most important properties of scientific studies and is an important concept in reasoning about evidence more generally. Internal validity is determined by how well a study can rule out alternative explanations for its findings (usually, sources of systematic error or 'bias'). It contrasts with external validity, the extent to which results can justify conclusions about other contexts (that is, the extent to which results can be generalized). Both internal and external validity can be described using qualitative or quantitative forms of causal notation. Details Inferences are said to possess internal validity if a causal relationship between two variables is properly demonstrated. A valid causal inference may be made when three criteria are satisfied: the \"cause\" precedes the \"effect\" in time (temporal precedence), the \"cause\" and the \"effect\" tend to occur together (covariation), and there are no plausible alternative explanations for the observed covariation (nonspuriousness). In scientific experimental settings, researchers often change the state of one variable (the independent variable) to see what effect it has on a second variable (the dependent variable). For example, a researcher might manipulate the dosage of a particular drug between different groups of people to see what effect it has on health. In this example, the researcher wants to make a causal inference, namely, that different doses of the drug may be held responsible for observed changes or differences. When the researcher may confidently attribute the observed changes or differences in the dependent variable to the independent variable (that is, when the researcher observes an association between these variables and can rule out other explanations or rival hypotheses), then the causal inference is said to be internally valid. In many cases, however, the size of effects found in the dependent variable may not just depend on variations in the independent variable, the power of the instruments and statistical procedures used to measure and detect the effects, and the choice of statistical methods (see: Statistical conclusion validity). Rather, a number of variables or circumstances uncontrolled for (or uncontrollable) may lead to additional or alternative explanations (a) for the effects found and/or (b) for the magnitude of the effects found. Internal validity, therefore, is more a matter of degree than of either-or, and that is exactly why research designs other than true experiments may also yield results with a high degree of internal validity. In order to allow for inferences with a high degree of internal validity, precautions may be taken during the design of the study. As a rule of thumb, conclusions based on direct manipulation of the independent variable allow for greater internal validity than conclusions based on an association observed without manipulation. When considering only Internal Validity, highly controlled true experimental designs (i.e. with random selection, random assignment to either the control or experimental groups, reliable instruments, reliable manipulation processes, and safeguards against confounding", "title": "Internal validity" } ]

[ "Construct validity" ]

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[ { "docid": "15638285", "text": "\"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me\" is a song written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and recorded by American recording artist Alexander O'Neal. It is the fifth single from the singer's second solo album, Hearsay (1987). The song's distinctive backing vocals were performed by Lisa Keith. Following the successful chart performances of the Hearsay singles \"Fake\", \"Criticize\", \"Never Knew Love Like This\", and \"The Lovers\", \"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me\" was released as the album's fifth single. Release The song O'Neal's eleventh top 40 single which reached #27 in the UK Singles Chart in July 1988, and #68 on the R&B chart in O'Neal's native United States. Track listing 12\" Single (Tabu 652852 6) \"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me\" – 4:25 \"A Broken Heart Can Mend\" – 3:40 \" You Were Meant to Be My Lady (Not My Girl) (Extended Dance Remix)\" – 9:50 12\" Single Promo (Tabu ZAS 1429) \"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me (Hateful Club Mix)\" – 6:47 \"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me (Dance Dub)\" – 5:50 \"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me (Bonus Beats)\" – 3:21 \"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me (Ben Liebrand Remix)\" – 6:41 \"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me (A Capella)\" – 3:55 7\" Single (Tabu 652852 7) \"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me (Edit)\" \"A Broken Heart Can Mend\" CD Single (Tabu 652852 2) \"(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me\" – 4:25 \"A Broken Heart Can Mend\" – 3:40 \"You Were Meant to Be My Lady (Not My Girl) (Extended Dance Remix)\" – 9:50 Personnel Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes. Alexander O'Neal – lead vocals Jimmy Jam – drum and keyboard programming, keyboards, percussion Terry Lewis – percussion, backing vocals Lisa Keith – backing vocals Sales chart performance Peak positions References External links 1988 singles Alexander O'Neal songs Songs written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis 1987 songs Tabu Records singles Song recordings produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis", "title": "(What Can I Say) To Make You Love Me" } ]

[ "music by Nacio Herb Brown", "lyrics by Arthur Freed" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1562669", "text": "British Forces Overseas Hong Kong comprised the elements of the British Army, Royal Navy (including Royal Marines) and Royal Air Force stationed in British Hong Kong. The Governor of Hong Kong also assumed the position of the commander-in-chief of the forces and the Commander British Forces in Hong Kong took charge of the daily deployment of the troops. Much of the British military left prior to the handover of Hong Kong to China in 1997. The present article focuses mainly on the British garrison in Hong Kong in the post Second World War era. For more information concerning the British garrison during the Second World War and earlier, see the Battle of Hong Kong. Overview Prior to and during the Second World War, the garrison was composed of British Army battalions and locally enlisted personnel (LEPs) who served as regular members in the Hong Kong Squadron of the Royal Navy or the Hong Kong Military Service Corps and their associate land units. The Hong Kong Infantry Brigade served as the main garrison formation. After the outbreak of the Second World War, the garrison was reinforced with British Indian Army and Canadian Army units. A second brigade, the Kowloon Infantry Brigade, was formed to assist in commanding the expanded force. The garrison was defeated during the Battle of Hong Kong, by the Empire of Japan. After the Second World War and the end of the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, the British military reestablished a presence. As a result of the Chinese Civil War, the British Army raised the 40th Infantry Division and dispatched it to garrison Hong Kong. It later left for combat in the Korean War, and the defense of the territory was taken up by additional British forces who were rotated from Europe. The garrison was further supplemented by LEPs, and Gurkhas. The latter came from Nepal, but formed part of the British Army. The size of the garrison during the Cold War fluctuated and ended up being based around one brigade. The Royal Hong Kong Regiment, a military unit which was part of the Hong Kong Government, was trained and organised along the lines of a British Territorial Army unit. As such, it was supported by British Army regular personnel holding key positions. These British Army personnel, for their duration of service to the Royal Hong Kong Regiment, were seconded to the Hong Kong Government. In the post-WWII era, the majority of the regiment's members were local citizens of Chinese descent. Responsibilities Before 1 July 1997, the British government had the political commitment to safeguard the territory against external and internal threats. Commonwealth forces were also deployed to station in the territory shortly before the Second World War. The greatest test was in 1941, when Japanese forces invaded Hong Kong, leading to the 44-month-long Japanese occupation of Hong Kong. Internal Security was the responsibility of the Hong Kong Government, in particular the Royal Hong Kong Police. It was supported by British Forces in Hong Kong should it", "title": "British Forces Overseas Hong Kong" } ]

[ "1842" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15677646", "text": "Euonymus americanus is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae. Common names include strawberry bush, American strawberry bush, bursting-heart, hearts-a-bustin, and hearts-bustin'-with-love. It is native to the eastern United States, its distribution extending as far west as Texas. It has also been recorded in Ontario. This is a deciduous shrub growing up to tall. The oppositely arranged leaves are leathery or papery in texture and measure up to long. Flowers are borne in the leaf axils on peduncles up to long. The yellow-green sepals are long and the greenish or reddish petals above are smaller. The fruit capsule is about wide with a red warty or spiny covering. The capsule splits into five sections, revealing seeds covered in bright red arils. The seeds are dispersed by animals. Deer have been known to graze on this plant and seem to love the tender leaves and stems. Humans should take the red color of the seeds as a warning; they are known to be a strong laxative and cause severe diarrhea. In fact, this genus of plants in general is considered poisonous to humans. Description Euonymus americanus is a deciduous shrub that grows low to the ground only reaching up to high. Euonymus americanus grows white and green flowers that produce orange and red colored fruits. The white flowers on Euonymus americanus start to form unique pink fruit capsules that look somewhat like the common strawberry will start to open in the fall months revealing large orange seeds. Taxonomy Euonymus americanus is one out of 1,300 species of the plants within the Celastraceae family which is also known as the bittersweet family. Euonymus americanus L. was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. Some common names of Euonymus americanus include hearts-bustin'-with-love, bursting-heart, and the american strawberry bush. Euonymus americanus has three subspecies including Euonymus americanus var. angustifolius, Euonymus americanus var. obvatus and Euonymus americanus var. sarmentosus. The American Strawberry Bush also has eight different synonyms including Euonymus alternifolius and Euonymus angustifolius. Distribution and habitat Although Euonymus americanus L. is one of the 1,300 species members in the Celastraceae family, it is the only bittersweet family shrub that is found exclusively in the United States. The American strawberry bush is found in wetland areas such as margins of swamps, shaded stream banks, and sloped wetlands. However, though it resides in moist areas it is not a flood tolerant species; therefore, only being able to grow in moderately saturated soils. The shrub can grow in shaded conditions. Traditional uses Native Americans used the roots of the Euonymus americanus to make a tea that would aid in uterine prolapse, vomiting of blood, stomach aches, malaria, liver congestion, constipation, and urinary tract infections. The bark of the shrub was also used in aiding dandruff control when the bark was turned into a powder like substance. Additionally, the seed of the American strawberry bush can be used as a strong laxative. Conservation The American strawberry bush is common in most of its range. However, Euonymus americanus", "title": "Euonymus americanus" } ]

[ "white or slightly pink" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "156327", "text": "Criticism of copyright, or anti-copyright sentiment, is a dissenting view of the current state of copyright law or copyright as a concept. Critics often discuss philosophical, economical, or social rationales of such laws and the laws' implementations, the benefits of which they claim do not justify the policy's costs to society. They advocate for changing the current system, though different groups have different ideas of what that change should be. Some call for remission of the policies to a previous state—copyright once covered few categories of things and had shorter term limits—or they may seek to expand concepts like fair use that allow permissionless copying. Others seek the abolition of copyright itself. Opposition to copyright is often a portion of platforms advocating for broader social reform. For example, Lawrence Lessig, a free-culture movement speaker, advocates for loosening copyright law as a means of making sharing information easier or addressing the orphan works issue and the Swedish Pirate Party has advocated for limiting copyright to five year terms. Economic arguments Non-scarcity There is an argument that copyright is invalid because, unlike physical property, intellectual property is not scarce and is a legal fiction created by the state. The argument claims that, infringing on copyright, unlike theft, does not deprive the victim of the original item. Historical comparison It is unclear if copyright laws are economically stimulating for most authors, and it is uncommon for copyright laws to be evaluated based on empirical studies of their impacts. Information technology related concerns One of the founders of Piratbyrån, Rasmus Fleischer, argues that copyright law simply seems unable to cope with the Internet, and hence is obsolete. He argues that the Internet, and particularly Web 2.0 have brought about the uncertain status of the very idea of \"stealing\" itself, and that instead business models need to adapt to the reality of the Darknet. He argues that in an attempt to rein in Web 2.0, copyright law in the 21st century is increasingly concerned with criminalising entire technologies, leading to recent attacks on different kinds of search engines, solely because they provide links to files which may be copyrighted. Fleischer points out that Google, while still largely uncontested, operates in a gray zone of copyright (e.g. the business model of Google Books is to display millions of pages of copyrighted and uncopyrighted books as part of a business plan drawing its revenue from advertising). In contrast, others have pointed out that Google Books blocks out large sections of those same books, and they say that does not harm the legitimate interests of rightsholders. Cultural arguments Freedom of knowledge Groups such as Hipatia advance anti-copyright arguments in the name of \"freedom of knowledge\" and argue that knowledge should be \"shared in solidarity\". Such groups may perceive \"freedom of knowledge\" as a right, and/or as fundamental in realising the right to education, which is an internationally recognised human right, as well as the right to a free culture and the right to free communication. They argue that", "title": "Criticism of copyright" } ]

[ "issues of social justice" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1563682", "text": "Black Bolt (Blackagar Boltagon) is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in Fantastic Four #45 (December 1965). Black Bolt is the ruler of Attilan, and a member of the Inhumans, a reclusive race of genetically altered superhumans. Black Bolt's signature power is his voice, as his electron-harnessing ability is linked to the speech center of his brain. Speaking triggers a massive disturbance in the form of a highly destructive shockwave capable of leveling a city. Due to the extreme danger posed by this power, the character has undergone rigorous mental training to prevent himself from uttering a sound, even in his sleep, and he usually remains completely silent and speaks through sign language or via a spokesperson. Black Bolt has been described as one of Marvel's most notable and powerful male heroes. Since his original introduction in comics, the character has been featured in various other Marvel-licensed products, including video games, animated television series, and merchandise. In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, different versions of Black Bolt were portrayed by Anson Mount in the Marvel Television series Inhumans (2017) and the film Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022). Publication history Black Bolt debuted in Fantastic Four #45 (December 1965), created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. He re-joined the Illuminati as part of the 2012 Marvel NOW! rebranding initiative. He appeared in the 2017 Black Bolt series, his first solo comic book series, by Saladin Ahmed and Christian James Ward. He appeared in the 2021 Darkhold: Black Bolt #1 one-shot. Fictional character biography 1960s Black Bolt's first appearance established the character as being a member of the Inhuman ruling class. The title Thor featured a back-up feature called \"Tales of the Inhumans\", which recounts the character's origin story. The son of King Agon and Queen Rynda, Black Bolt is exposed to the mutagenic Terrigen Mist while still an embryo, and eventually demonstrates the ability to manipulate electrons. To protect the Inhuman community from his devastating voice, Black Bolt is placed inside a sound-proof chamber and is tutored in the use of his powers. Reentering Inhuman society as a young man—having vowed never to speak—the character is attacked by his younger brother Maximus, who attempts, unsuccessfully, to goad him into speaking. Black Bolt proved popular, and decides to leave Attilan to explore the outside world. The character reappears in a story focusing on his cousin Medusa, drives off the Hulk after the monster defeats the entire Inhuman Royal Family (Medusa, Gorgon, Karnak, Triton, and Crystal), and with the Fantastic Four, battles his brother Maximus and his own group of rogue Inhumans. 1970s After being forced to intercede in the budding romance between his cousin Crystal and the Fantastic Four's Johnny Storm, Black Bolt and the Inhumans feature in the title Amazing Adventures, and battle villains such as the Mandarin and Magneto. A story in The Avengers, told in flashback, reveals how Black Bolt came", "title": "Black Bolt" } ]

[ "Susie Essman" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1564094", "text": "Puna is one of the 9 districts of Hawaii County on the Island of Hawaii (Big Island; County of Hawaii). It is located on the windward side (east side) of the island and shares borders with South Hilo district in the north and Kaū district in the west. With a size of just under or 500 sq. miles, Puna is slightly smaller than the island of Kauai. Puna cropland supports floriculture, nurseries and macadamia nuts. Most of the state’s papayas crops are grown in the lower Puna area which is regarded as the best place in the Islands to grow the crop. The Puna District is subject to frequent lava eruptions and flows, which include the complete destruction of the community of Kapoho, a result of the devastating 2018 lower Puna eruption, as Puna is located on a volcanic rift zone of Kilauea Volcano. History Kingdom of Hawaii Kalama's map of 1837 shows that Puna was a Moku (traditional district) covering the southeastern corner of the island before the great mahele of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Recent lava activity Kīlauea is one of the world's most active volcanoes, and until August 2018 was continuously in action since 1983 along Kīlauea's East Rift Zone, and closely monitored by the Hawaii Volcano Observatory. The Royal Gardens subdivision and the villages of Kaimu and Kalapana were largely destroyed by lava flows and in the Fall of 2014, lava briefly touched the outskirts of Pahoa, the main village in Puna, before halting and seeking a new course south into the ocean at Kamokuna. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, when constructed, had two entrances. The entrance from lower Puna was cut off in 1986, and several miles of the road along the ocean were covered by several flows that occurred over the course of the eruption. Millions of tourists came each year to witness the spectacle of a torrent of lava plunging into the sea and exploding as it hit the water. Lava flows continued to add new land to the old shoreline, often resulting in an unstable delta that periodically formed cracks and broke off into the sea; visitors were provided with viewing stations at a safe distance. 2014 lava flow In June 2014, a lava flow dubbed the June 27th flow started flowing from a vent of a spatter cone called Puʻu ʻŌʻō on the east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano in a northwest direction towards the villages of Kaohe Homesteads and Pahoa. In early September it appeared that the lava flow was en route to the small community of Kaohe Homesteads. Community leaders and state officials began to draw up plans for evacuations and the mayor signed an emergency proclamation as residents of the Kaohe Homesteads subdivision learned that lava from Kilauea Volcano was just away and could reach them within a week. On September 13, a release from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory stated that the flow had begun to shift away from the subdivision as it had interacted with both the cracks and", "title": "Puna, Hawaii" } ]

[ "volcano 's summit", "eastern rift zone" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15643468", "text": "\"A Beautiful Sunset\" is the eleventh issue of the Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight series of comic books, a continuation of the television series of the same name. It is written by series creator Joss Whedon. Plot Buffy reflects on her long history of being a Slayer and awakening the thousands of other girls around the world. In flashbacks of her narrative it is clear that in each battle the Scoobies and the others have fought came with sacrifice, but in a way, came with connection as well. Buffy admits that while it can be a bother sacrificing her life as well as others, it has always been done for the better. She has grown, she has moved on to the better and potential she always knew that she could live up to. Next, Xander and Buffy discuss a major problem: Simone Doffler. Xander tells Buffy that they tried to remove Simone from her rough, urban environment, but see her on a security tape stealing ammunition and other things in a robbery, the unconscious bodies of two guards are also found in the tapes. Buffy feels worried that she is not making a big change in the Slayer community and feels that what the government and everyone else thinks is true, slayers are acting above the law and she is not making the difference she says she is making. Xander comforts her and reassures her that things are going to be all right. The two then reflect on the revelation that Buffy stole from a lucrative bank to support her and the Slayer army and how she and Willow are having complex issues. Xander suggests that she ease her worries by going on a vampire hunt; Buffy decides to bring a \"date\", namely Satsu. While the other Slayers and giant Dawn are celebrating at a huge party to ease their recent stresses, Buffy gears up to go on her vampire hunt. Satsu follows and Buffy forces her into the vampire lair. While the two are slaying, Buffy discusses how she knows that it was Satsu who gave her the kiss of true love when Buffy was bound in a magical sleep. While Buffy appreciates the gesture as kind and sweet, she is not interested in Satsu in a romantic way. Buffy tells Satsu of her romantic history and how all of her relationships, be it romantic, family, or friends, end with someone being hurt. Buffy states that there is something wrong with her, that everyone notices that something around her is wrong, that she can never really love, and like all Slayers, will be alone. She breaks down in tears but the moment is interrupted with a surprise attack from the malevolent Twilight. Satsu is knocked out, while Buffy and Twilight have a brawl in the air. Twilight bests Buffy in battle with moves she has never witnessed and takes her fear of flight to a whole new level by taking the fight into the air above the town.", "title": "A Beautiful Sunset" } ]

[ "Summers" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15650103", "text": "Cats on a Smooth Surface is an American rock group, that starting in 1978 and throughout the 1980s was the house band at The Stone Pony in Asbury Park, New Jersey In the years 1981 and 1982, the band's lineup consisted of Bobby Bandiera on lead guitar and vocals, Harry Filkin on rhythm guitar and vocals, Peter Schulle on keyboards and vocals, John Micco on bass guitar and vocals, Pete Gagen on drums, and Ray Plante on saxophone. Other band members through the years have included Glen Burtnick, Vincent Danielle, and Mike Bovenzi, Steff \"Stiff Reed\" Munter, Rich Ruggiero and Joel Krausse. The band is still in existence and performs regularly in New Jersey. In 1971, prior to founding \"Cats\", Harry Filkin and Bobby Bandiera were the key players in the Jersey shore band called Holme in Belmar NJ. Harry still plays as current member of Holme and with \"Harry and Billy\". Bobby Bandiera is now a 5-year member of the internationally famous Bon Jovi band as a vocalist and guitarist. He was also lead guitar with Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes and still makes occasional appearances with them. Starting in the spring of 1982 Bruce Springsteen often performed with the band, particularly on Sunday nights when he would appear unannounced at the Stone Pony and jump up on stage with them. He often claimed to the press that they were his favorite band to jam with Recently Rachel Copeland has also begun to sing with the band. Discography Albums Cats on a Smooth Surface (1992) Live 1982 With Bruce Springsteen: The Legendary Radio Broadcast (2018) Singles \"Mean Streets\" / \"No Right Time (To Say Goodbye)\" (1988) \"Midnight Romeo\" / \"What Do All the People Know\" (1992) References External links MySpace page Rock music groups from New Jersey Jersey Shore musical groups", "title": "Cats on a Smooth Surface" }, { "docid": "15633996", "text": "Eli Young Band is an American country music band composed of members who met while students at the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas: Mike Eli (lead vocals, guitar), James Young (guitar), Jon Jones (bass guitar), and Chris Thompson (drums). They released their self-titled debut album in 2002, followed by the Carnival records release Level in 2005. Their third album, Jet Black & Jealous, was released in 2008 by Universal South Records. A second major-label album, Life at Best, was released in 2011 by Republic Nashville, with 10,000 Towns following in early 2014. The band has charted eight times on the Billboard country charts, with four of their singles having reached No. 1: \"Crazy Girl\", which was the top country song of 2011 according to Billboard Year-End, along with \"Even If It Breaks Your Heart\", \"Drunk Last Night\", and \"Love Ain't\". Biography Mike Eli and James Young met at the University of North Texas where they became dorm roommates their freshman year. They played guitar and eventually began writing and singing songs together; they formed the acoustic duo, Eli & Young, while attending the University of North Texas and played locally at Rockin Rodeo before they got their big start. Chris Thompson and Jon Jones joined them later on and they became the Eli Young Band. They released Level on Carnival Records on April 5, 2005, and opened shows for Miranda Lambert. Level is their last Texas country album before becoming a Nashville act. Many of these songs can still be heard in their live shows today, such as \"Small Town Kid\" and \"Everything Is You\". Jet Black & Jealous While touring, they were also making songwriting a top priority and made time for writing trips and retreats at the Young family ranch. Energized with new songs, they were ready to begin working on a new album in late 2007. Working with producers Frank Liddell and Mike Wrucke (who have also produced for Lambert), they took time off from touring to record at Omni Studios in Nashville. Their third album, Jet Black & Jealous, was released in 2008. Its lead-off single, \"When It Rains\", spent 37 weeks on the country charts and peaked at No. 34. A second chart single, \"Always the Love Songs\" (co-written by David Lee Murphy and George Ducas), peaked at number 11 on Billboard. After it came \"Radio Waves\" and \"Guinevere\". Life at Best In 2011, the Eli Young Band moved to Republic Nashville and released their fifth overall single, \"Crazy Girl\" as the lead single off Life at Best. It became the band's first platinum-selling digital single, as well as their first No. 1 single, and also was the number 1 song on that year's Billboard Year-End charts. The band received three nominations for the 2012 Academy of Country Music Awards: Song of the Year, Top Vocal Group of the Year, and Single Record of the Year. On April 1, 2012, the band won the Academy of Country Music Award for Song of the", "title": "Eli Young Band" } ]

[ "John Sykes" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "230230", "text": "Av (also Menachem Av, ) is the eleventh month of the civil year and the fifth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar. It is a month of 30 days, and usually occurs in July–August on the Gregorian calendar. The Babylonian Talmud states that \"when we enter [the month of] Av, our joy is diminished\". This is because the darkest events in Jewish history occurred during the first week and a half of this month, particularly the Nine Days which culminate in Tisha B'Av, the 9th day of Av. However, the month also contains a holiday called Tu B'Av which was, in ancient times, considered one of the happiest days of the year. Etymology Originally Abu on the Babylonian calendar, the name is derived from Akkadian ʾAbū, which might mean \"reed\" or be connected to the name of the Mesopotamian god Abu. Others derive the name of the month from the Hebrew word \"Av\" - \"father\". The name Ab () also appears in the Arabic language for the month of August in the Levant (see Arabic names of calendar months). The name Ab appears in Aramaic ostraca from the Persian period, in Aramaic documents from Ancient Egypt and Palmyra, in Masada and Qarnayim ostraca, in the best manuscripts of Targum Jonathan to Ez. 20:1, and in Rabbinic literature starting with Megillat Taanit. It is one of several months which are not named in the Hebrew Bible. Holidays Av 9 – Tisha B'Av Av 15 – Tu B'Av In Jewish history 1 Av (circa 1273 BCE) – Death of high priest Aaron 1 Av (513 BCE) – Ezra and his followers arrive in Israel 5 Av (1572 CE) – Hillula of the Arizal 7 Av (586 BCE) – First Temple invaded by King Nebuchadnezzar 7 Av (67 CE) – Civil war breaks out in besieged Jerusalem; one group set fire to the city's food stores, which is said to have quickened starvation. 7 Av (1492 CE) – Jews of Spain expelled by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. 7 Av (1853) - Death of Rabbi Moshe Greenwald, Rav of Khust and author of Arugath Habosem 9 Av (586 BCE and 70 CE) – Holy Temples destroyed by the Babylonians and Romans respectively. 9 Av (133 CE) – Fall of Betar to the Romans, ending Bar Kochba's rebellion. 9 Av (1290 CE) – Jews are expelled from England by King Edward I and not permitted to legally return for 350 years. 10 Av (70 CE) – The Holy Temple, set on fire the previous day, finishes burning. 12 Av (1263) – Disputation of Barcelona between Nachmanides and Pablo Christiani. 13 Av (1984) - Death of Rabbi Yosef Greenwald, Rebbe of Pupa and author of Vaychi Yosef 15 Av (148 CE) – Betar dead buried, 15 years after the fall of the fortress. 15 Av – The Day of the Breaking of the Ax – when the Holy Temple existed, the cutting of firewood for the altar was completed on this date", "title": "Av (month)" } ]

[ "Adar" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "156489", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling and the fifth novel in the Harry Potter series. It follows Harry Potter's struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of the antagonist Lord Voldemort, O.W.L. exams, and an obstructive Ministry of Magic. The novel was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic in the United States, and Raincoast in Canada. It sold five million copies in the first 24 hours of publication. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix won several awards, including the American Library Association Best Book Award for Young Adults in 2003. The book was also made into a 2007 film, and a video game by Electronic Arts. Plot During the summer, Harry Potter is frustrated by his friends' non-communication and with Dumbledore barring him from helping combat a newly-resurgent Lord Voldemort. One evening, Dementors attack him and cousin Dudley, but Harry fends them off using the Patronus Charm. Later, Order of the Phoenix members arrive at the Dursley house to evacuate Harry. They whisk him off to Number 12, Grimmauld Place, Sirius Black's family home, which is now the Order's headquarters. Ron and Hermione are there and tell Harry that the Order is a secret organisation that Dumbledore created to fight Voldemort and the Death Eaters. Harry wants to join, but is too young. The Ministry of Magic, under Cornelius Fudge, attempt to malign Harry for stating that Voldemort has returned. Harry is also charged with performing underage magic while with a Muggle, but is exonerated and returns to Hogwarts. Dolores Umbridge, a senior Ministry employee, is the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. She initiates strict rules and a textbook-only curriculum and forbids the students from practicing defensive spells. Harry, Ron, and Hermione form a secret student Defense group called Dumbledore's Army. The group secretly meets in the Room of Requirement to practice under Harry's instruction. One night, Harry dreams that Arthur Weasley is attacked by Voldemort's snake, Nagini. His vision is true, and Arthur is found seriously injured at the Ministry. Dumbledore realises that Harry's and Voldemort's minds are connected, and he orders Professor Snape to teach Harry Occlumency, a skill to close one's mind against others. Umbridge is tipped-off about Dumbledore's Army; to prevent Harry's expulsion, Dumbledore claims responsibility for forming the group. To avoid arrest, he goes into hiding. Umbridge is appointed headmistress, though she is magically barred from entering Dumbledore's tower, and begins enacting strict rules and regulations. Harry's Occlumency lessons go poorly. During his Ordinary Wizarding Level exams, he envisions Voldemort torturing Sirius in the Department of Mysteries at the Ministry. Harry attempts to contact Sirius at Grimmauld Place, using the Floo Network in Umbridge's office, but she catches and interrogates him, threatening to use the Cruciatus Curse on him. Hermione intervenes by concocting a story that leads them into the Forbidden Forest. Umbridge", "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" }, { "docid": "156587", "text": "The Death Eaters are characters featured in the Harry Potter series of novels and films. They are a radical group of wizards and witches, led by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who seek to purify the wizarding community by eliminating wizards and witches born to non-magical parents. They attempt to create a new order within the Ministry of Magic by spreading fear through the wizarding community and murdering those who speak out against them. Their primary opposition is the Order of the Phoenix. Death Eaters recognise one another by the Dark Mark, a sigil branded on each of their left forearms that allows Voldemort to summon any of them instantly. Their typical attire includes black hooded robes and masks. The Death Eaters as a group first appeared in the novel Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, although individual members of the group, such as Severus Snape, Lucius Malfoy, and Peter Pettigrew had appeared in earlier books in the series. The group had also been mentioned indirectly in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, when followers of Voldemort were mentioned. They were mentioned the first time directly in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Synopsis Pre-Harry Potter The Death Eaters first existed over 11 years before the events of the books, torturing and murdering Muggles (people without magical abilities), as well as anyone who opposed them, including wizards who support Muggles (such as the Weasley family). Around 10 years after the Death Eaters first surfaced, a Seer named Sybill Trelawney made a prophecy about a boy who would have the power to defeat Voldemort forever. The prophecy could have referred to two different boys, Harry Potter or Neville Longbottom; however, Voldemort chose Harry as said in the prophecy, that \"the Dark Lord would mark him as his equal\". As Voldemort was a half-blood, he chose his \"equal\", Harry, whose mother was a Muggle-born witch, instead of Neville, who came from a long line of pure-blooded wizards. Acting on information from James and Lily Potter's Secret-Keeper Peter Pettigrew, Voldemort attempted to complete the prophecy and kill his infant rival. Due to Harry's mother's sacrifice to save her son, Voldemort's deadly curse rebounded off Harry and disembodied Voldemort. With Voldemort vanquished after failing to kill Harry Potter, the Death Eaters largely disbanded and vanished. The Ministry rounded many of them up and imprisoned them in the Wizarding prison Azkaban, but some eluded justice by claiming they were bewitched by the Imperius Curse (it is implied that Lucius Malfoy did so) or by turning in other Death Eaters, as Igor Karkaroff did; Harry witnesses Karkaroff's testimony against former Death Eaters in Albus Dumbledore's Pensieve during the course of the series. It appears that very few Death Eaters stood for their fallen master and proudly went to Azkaban for him (like Bellatrix Lestrange), since, in the sixth book, Snape states that if Voldemort had refused to welcome back all those who turned their backs", "title": "Death Eater" } ]

[ "Minerva McGonagall" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1567930", "text": "Salomon Armand Magloire Kalou (born 5 August 1985) is an Ivorian professional footballer who recently played as a forward and winger for Djiboutian club Arta/Solar7. He started his career with local club ASEC Mimosas. He moved to Feyenoord in 2003, becoming a key player for the team in the 2004–05 and 2005–06 Eredivisie, scoring 35 goals in 67 appearances. He moved Chelsea in 2006. During his six seasons with Chelsea, he won numerous honours, including the Premier League, the UEFA Champions League, four FA Cups and the League Cup. He moved on a free transfer in July 2012 to Lille, where he spent two seasons before moving to Hertha BSC for an undisclosed fee. He played 172 games and scored 53 goals in six seasons for Hertha. He played one season with Brazilian team Botafogo. A full international for the Ivory Coast since 2007, Kalou amassed 93 international caps and represented his country at two FIFA World Cups, six Africa Cup of Nations tournaments and the 2008 Olympics. He was part of their teams that won the continental title in 2015 and came runners-up in 2012. Club career Early career Kalou was born in Oumé. Like his older brother, Bonaventure, he began his career with local club ASEC Mimosas, before moving to Europe. He signed for Feyenoord in 2003 and in 2004, he was loaned to Feyenoord's \"satellite club\", Excelsior. Kalou then returned to Feyenoord and played in the Dutch top flight Eredivisie for two seasons from 2004 to 2006. During his time with the Rotterdam-based club, he scored 35 goals in 67 league appearances, also winning the Johan Cruijff Award in 2005 as the most promising young talent of the season. Kalou, together with Dirk Kuyt, were affectionately known as \"K2\" by Feyenoord fans and the Dutch media, a play on the words of K3, a Belgian pop band. Kalou was linked to several other clubs, including Auxerre, the French team his brother played for. Chelsea 2006–07 season Kalou moved to Chelsea on 30 May 2006 for an undisclosed fee, believed to be approximately £9 million. Under contract with Chelsea until 2009, Kalou was handed the number 21 shirt. Chelsea manager José Mourinho praised the young Ivorian as being hardworking, versatile, eager to improve and unafraid of the physical side of the game. Kalou admitted that he brought a camera with him to his first training session at Chelsea's training centre at Cobham because he could not believe that he was going to be rubbing shoulders with famous footballers like Michael Ballack, John Terry and Didier Drogba. Describing the experience, Kalou said \"This was the dream moment of my life and I did not want to wake up and find that it was not real.\" At Chelsea, Kalou played with his compatriot and Ivory Coast captain, Didier Drogba. Kalou scored his first goals for Chelsea in a reserve game against Portsmouth, bagging a hat-trick and earning the match ball in a 5–0 thrashing. He made his competitive debut in", "title": "Salomon Kalou" } ]

[ "Roman Abramovich" ]

[ { "docid": "15678104", "text": "The Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 () was an Act of Congress providing for several kinds of economic stimuli intended to boost the United States economy in 2008 and to avert a recession, or ameliorate economic conditions. The stimulus package was passed by the U.S. House of Representatives on January 29, 2008, and in a slightly different version by the U.S. Senate on February 7, 2008. The Senate version was then approved in the House the same day. It was signed into law on February 13, 2008, by President George W. Bush with the support of both Democratic and Republican lawmakers. The law provides for tax rebates to low- and middle-income U.S. taxpayers, tax incentives to stimulate business investment, and an increase in the limits imposed on mortgages eligible for purchase by government-sponsored enterprises (e.g. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac). The total cost of this bill was projected at $152 billion for 2008. Tax rebates Tax rebates that were created by the law were paid to individual U.S. taxpayers during 2008. Most taxpayers below the income limit received a rebate of at least $300 per person ($600 for married couples filing jointly). Eligible taxpayers received, along with their individual payment, $300 per dependent child under the age of 17. The payment was equal to the payer's net income tax liability, but could not exceed $600 (for a single person) or $1200 (married couple filing jointly). Net liability can be found in these locations: Form 1040: line 57 plus line 52 Form 1040A: Line 35 plus line 32 Form 1040EZ: line 10 Those with no net tax liability were still eligible to receive a rebate, provided, they met minimum qualifying income of $3,000 per year. Rebates were phased out for taxpayers with adjusted gross incomes greater than $75,000 ($150,000 for couples filing jointly) in 2007. For taxpayers with incomes greater than $75,000, rebates were reduced at a rate of 5% of the income above this limit. Individuals who were claimed as dependents by another taxpayer were not eligible for the rebates. The $3,000 of qualifying income included earned income (e.g., wages, self-employment income, Social Security), however Supplemental Security Income did not count as qualifying income for the stimulus payment. Also, low-income workers were required to file a return to receive the payment, even if they would not be required to file for income tax purposes. Some taxpayers who exceeded the income limits, but had qualifying children, still received a rebate. For example, a single parent whose 2007 adjusted gross income was $90,000, paid more than $600 in 2007 taxes and had two qualifying children received a rebate of $450. The IRS added together a $600 rebate for the parent and $600 for the two children to get $1,200, then subtracted the phaseout reduction of $750 ($50 for each $1,000 income above $75,000) to get $450. According to the IRS, the stimulus payment did not reduce taxpayers' 2008 refunds or increase the amount owed when filing 2008 returns. The payment schedule was", "title": "Economic Stimulus Act of 2008" } ]

[]

[ "U.S. taxpayers", "tax rebates" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "156587", "text": "The Death Eaters are characters featured in the Harry Potter series of novels and films. They are a radical group of wizards and witches, led by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who seek to purify the wizarding community by eliminating wizards and witches born to non-magical parents. They attempt to create a new order within the Ministry of Magic by spreading fear through the wizarding community and murdering those who speak out against them. Their primary opposition is the Order of the Phoenix. Death Eaters recognise one another by the Dark Mark, a sigil branded on each of their left forearms that allows Voldemort to summon any of them instantly. Their typical attire includes black hooded robes and masks. The Death Eaters as a group first appeared in the novel Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, although individual members of the group, such as Severus Snape, Lucius Malfoy, and Peter Pettigrew had appeared in earlier books in the series. The group had also been mentioned indirectly in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, when followers of Voldemort were mentioned. They were mentioned the first time directly in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Synopsis Pre-Harry Potter The Death Eaters first existed over 11 years before the events of the books, torturing and murdering Muggles (people without magical abilities), as well as anyone who opposed them, including wizards who support Muggles (such as the Weasley family). Around 10 years after the Death Eaters first surfaced, a Seer named Sybill Trelawney made a prophecy about a boy who would have the power to defeat Voldemort forever. The prophecy could have referred to two different boys, Harry Potter or Neville Longbottom; however, Voldemort chose Harry as said in the prophecy, that \"the Dark Lord would mark him as his equal\". As Voldemort was a half-blood, he chose his \"equal\", Harry, whose mother was a Muggle-born witch, instead of Neville, who came from a long line of pure-blooded wizards. Acting on information from James and Lily Potter's Secret-Keeper Peter Pettigrew, Voldemort attempted to complete the prophecy and kill his infant rival. Due to Harry's mother's sacrifice to save her son, Voldemort's deadly curse rebounded off Harry and disembodied Voldemort. With Voldemort vanquished after failing to kill Harry Potter, the Death Eaters largely disbanded and vanished. The Ministry rounded many of them up and imprisoned them in the Wizarding prison Azkaban, but some eluded justice by claiming they were bewitched by the Imperius Curse (it is implied that Lucius Malfoy did so) or by turning in other Death Eaters, as Igor Karkaroff did; Harry witnesses Karkaroff's testimony against former Death Eaters in Albus Dumbledore's Pensieve during the course of the series. It appears that very few Death Eaters stood for their fallen master and proudly went to Azkaban for him (like Bellatrix Lestrange), since, in the sixth book, Snape states that if Voldemort had refused to welcome back all those who turned their backs", "title": "Death Eater" } ]

[ "Christian Peter Coulson" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15642908", "text": "\"My Love, My Life\" is a song recorded by ABBA for their album, Arrival. The song was written by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus. Background \"My Love, My Life\" was one of the last songs to be recorded for the album. Agnetha Fältskog sings lead vocals and Björn Ulvaeus proclaimed the song to be the finest example of Agnetha's vocal purity.. He also expressed reservations about how the song was arranged. A complete demo with the original \"Monsieur, Monsieur\" lyrics was recorded before this, and remains unreleased. Composition According to the sheet music published at Sheetmusicdirect.com by Union Songs, \"My Love, My Life\" has a slow tempo of 68 beats per minute. Written in common time, the song is in the key of C major. Agnetha Fältskog's vocal range spans from G3 to E5 during the song. Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again version Lily James, Amanda Seyfried, and Meryl Streep recorded My Love, My Life for the soundtrack of Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again. Their version was released on 13 July 2018, alongside the rest of the soundtrack, by Capitol and Polydor Records. It was produced by Benny Andersson. This version featured new lyrics written by Björn Ulvaeus. Charts Cover versions Elaine Paige version Elaine Paige recorded “ Like An Image Passing By” for the 1983 UK musical, ABBAcadabra, with reworked lyrics, produced and arranged by Mike Batt. The song was released as a single in Europe in late 1983 and early 1984. The B-Side consisted of a cover of “Like An Angel Passing Through My Room”, retitled \"When Dreamers Close Their Eyes\" sung by Finola Hughes. The single peaked at No. 126 in the UK Singles Charts. References External links https://web.archive.org/web/20080718201231/http://abba-world.server101.com/ ABBA songs 1976 songs Songs written by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus Songs written by Stig Anderson", "title": "My Love, My Life" } ]

[ "July 20 , 2018" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15644915", "text": "Competitive heterogeneity is a concept from strategic management that examines why industries do not converge on one best way of doing things. In the view of strategic management scholars, the microeconomics of production and competition combine to predict that industries will be composed of identical firms offering identical products at identical prices. Deeper analyses of this topic were taken up in industrial organization economics by crossover economics/strategic-management scholars such as Harold Demsetz and Michael Porter. Demsetz argued that better-managed firms would make better products (or similar products at lower costs) than their competitors. Such firms would translate better products or lower prices (an optimal decision based on lower costs) into higher levels of demand, which would lead to revenue growth. These firms would then be larger than the more poorly managed competitors. Porter argued that firms in an industry would cluster into strategic groups. Each group would be similar and movement between groups would be difficult and costly (barriers to mobility). Richard Rumelt and Stephen Lippman demonstrated how firms could differ in an industry in partial equilibrium-like circumstances. Richard Nelson and Sidney G. Winter discussed how firms develop differing capabilities. During this time, industrial economics focused on industry characteristics, treated the differences among firms in an industry as trivial. This was a point of contention within strategy and between strategy and economics from about 1980 to the mid-1990s. Early in the 1990s a number of papers were published under the rubrics of the Resource-based View and Capabilities. Both approaches continue to develop. However, the RBV won the public relations war (complete with, allegedly, removing dissenting opinions from Wikipedia). The RBV argues that firms vary in their resources and resource variances lead to varying competitive positions. Capability theories, building on earlier work by Nelson and Winter and Teece, make a similar claim. Developing ideas pioneered by Rumelt and discussed by Levinthal and Noda and Collis. Hoopes, Madsen, and Walker use the term competitive heterogeneity to describe the performance differences between close competitors. Hoopes et al. argue that the RBV is but one of many possible explanations for competitive heterogeneity. Thus, the title of their paper and special issue, \"Why is there a RBV?\" In addition to economics-based explanations noted above, Hoopes et al. point out that differing beliefs, preferences, and objectives lead firms pursuing similar customers to find and develop unique competitive positions. Additionally, Hoopes et al. suggest that competitive advantage should be thought of in terms of each firm's economic contribution. Termed the V-C model, it is basically a bargaining model (see Tirole) over the surplus created by a firm's activities. A buyer and supplier bargain over the price (P) for a good that contributes a value (V) to the buyer and costs the supplier some amount (C) to produce. \"Value is the price a buyer is willing to pay for a good absent competing products or services yet within budget constraints and considering other purchasing opportunities. Most work considers costs in terms of marginal cost. The good’s market price", "title": "Competitive heterogeneity" } ]

[ "incentive theory", "behavioral psychology" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1563306", "text": "The expression computational intelligence (CI) usually refers to the ability of a computer to learn a specific task from data or experimental observation. Even though it is commonly considered a synonym of soft computing, there is still no commonly accepted definition of computational intelligence. Generally, computational intelligence is a set of nature-inspired computational methodologies and approaches to address complex real-world problems to which mathematical or traditional modelling can be useless for a few reasons: the processes might be too complex for mathematical reasoning, it might contain some uncertainties during the process, or the process might simply be stochastic in nature. Indeed, many real-life problems cannot be translated into binary language (unique values of 0 and 1) for computers to process it. Computational Intelligence therefore provides solutions for such problems. The methods used are close to the human's way of reasoning, i.e. it uses inexact and incomplete knowledge, and it is able to produce control actions in an adaptive way. CI therefore uses a combination of five main complementary techniques. The fuzzy logic which enables the computer to understand natural language, artificial neural networks which permits the system to learn experiential data by operating like the biological one, evolutionary computing, which is based on the process of natural selection, learning theory, and probabilistic methods which helps dealing with uncertainty imprecision. Except those main principles, currently popular approaches include biologically inspired algorithms such as swarm intelligence and artificial immune systems, which can be seen as a part of evolutionary computation, image processing, data mining, natural language processing, and artificial intelligence, which tends to be confused with Computational Intelligence. But although both Computational Intelligence (CI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) seek similar goals, there's a clear distinction between them. Computational Intelligence is thus a way of performing like human beings. Indeed, the characteristic of \"intelligence\" is usually attributed to humans. More recently, many products and items also claim to be \"intelligent\", an attribute which is directly linked to the reasoning and decision making. History Source: The notion of Computational Intelligence was first used by the IEEE Neural Networks Council in 1990. This council was founded in the 1980s by a group of researchers interested in the development of biological and artificial neural networks. On November 21, 2001, the IEEE Neural Networks Council became the IEEE Neural Networks Society, to become the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society two years later by including new areas of interest such as fuzzy systems and evolutionary computation, which they related to Computational Intelligence in 2011 (Dote and Ovaska). But the first clear definition of Computational Intelligence was introduced by Bezdek in 1994: a system is called computationally intelligent if it deals with low-level data such as numerical data, has a pattern-recognition component and does not use knowledge in the AI sense, and additionally when it begins to exhibit computational adaptively, fault tolerance, speed approaching human-like turnaround and error rates that approximate human performance. Bezdek and Marks (1993) clearly differentiated CI from other subsets of AI, by arguing that the first", "title": "Computational intelligence" } ]

[ "Inductive reasoning" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1562061", "text": "The Video Privacy Protection Act (VPPA) is a bill that was passed by the United States Congress in 1988 as and signed into law by President Ronald Reagan. It was created to prevent what it refers to as \"wrongful disclosure of video tape rental or sale records\" or similar audio visual materials, to cover items such as video games. Congress passed the VPPA after Robert Bork's video rental history was published during his Supreme Court nomination and it became known as the \"Bork bill\". It makes any \"video tape service provider\" that discloses rental information outside the ordinary course of business liable for up to $2,500 in actual damages unless the consumer has consented, the consumer had the opportunity to consent, or the data was subject to a court order or warrant. Origin of Computer-based VPPA Litigation With the emergence of new-age computing technology and devices in the early 2000's came websites, 3rd party advertising and tracking firms using mechanisms that violated a user's privacy. While computer technology was progressing rapidly, federal and state laws had failed to be proactive, a risk to society of ungoverned technology. As such, litigation for violations was relatively non-existent. A new method to litigate Federal privacy cases was needed to protect the hundreds of millions of people violated by unauthorized tracking user's activities online.This was a formidable task since no law firms had litigated cases involving the computer technology inherent within the exchange of user data between third-party affiliated entities, thus there was no case precedent, no \"blueprint\" to follow. Earlier cases, such as the double-click \"cookie\" case in 2001, had relied on using a wiretap statute, the Electronic Communication Privacy Act (\"ECPA\"). While a plausible allegation, it was a weak allegation since the website user had granted such permissible use within the website’s term of service (\"TOS\"). The online advertising industry, in association with analytic companies, had begun using video ads to conduct its ubiquitous tracking, consumer's attention shown to be drawn to such as opposed to written content, In later years, these tracking methods would expand to photos and audio, IE., In 2008, cell phones were re-designed to include a new method of tracking, the use of social apps to collect photos, a process which now permitted a one step \"click\" process to uploading a photo as opposed to the previous six steps, thus consumers were now more inclined to upload photos in mass. This allowed content to be provided for free and which formed the basis for the tracking, IE., EXIF data. Such acts were captured when Attorney Malley used software applications to log HTTP/HTTPS traffic between a computer's web browser and the Internet, analytic tests using two computers interfaced, producing indisputable evidence of such activities: moreover, detailed reports of any and all parties involved in such nefarious activities, IE., \"tracking the trackers\". In the continuing research of the Industry's business practises in order to determine it's monetization interests, such revealed the incorporation of complex graphics within online ads, and the", "title": "Video Privacy Protection Act" } ]

[ "Australian Capital Territory agencies", "Australian Government" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15636381", "text": "The sumxu, Chinese lop-eared cat, drop-eared cat, droop-eared cat, or hanging-ear cat, all names referring to its characteristic feature of pendulous ears, was a possibly mythical, long-haired, lop-eared type of cat or cat-like creature, now considered extinct, if it ever actually existed. The descriptions are based on reports from travellers, on a live specimen reportedly taken to Hamburg by a sailor, and on a taxidermy specimen exhibited in Germany. The cats were supposedly valued as pets, but was also described as a food animal. The last reported Chinese lop-eared cat was in 1938. It is believed by some to have been a mutation similar to that found in the Scottish Fold. The name sumxu originally described the yellow-throated marten, but a series of mistranslations caused the name to be applied to the alleged cat or cat-like animal. Description Michael Boym ( 1612–1659), a Polish Jesuit missionary to south China, was the first Westerner to describe the sumxu in his illustrated book Flora Sinensis (1656). Sum xu was the Portuguese rendering of songshu, meaning \"pine rat\" and the description indicated the yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) indigenous to that region. The white lop-eared cat, however, was said to be found in a northern region of the country. Later authors, copying and translating from early natural histories, conflated the two unfamiliar animals. Italian Jesuit Martino Martini had visited China in the 1650s and published Novus Atlas Sinensis in 1655. In the section on Peking Province, Martini described a variety of cossetted white, long-haired and long-eared cats found in the region. The breed was once found in region around Peking and probably resembled a long-haired Scottish Fold. His description of white, droop-eared companion cats was copied in 1673 by John Ogilby and by later authors. An engraving from Athanasius Kircher's book China Monumentis, Qua Sacris qua Profanis (1666) describes the sumxu as cat-like, but the illustration resembled a small bear with a bushy tail. The engraving is clearly based on a picture in Boym's Flora Sinensis, where the picture is captioned as 松鼠 in Chinese (this is Chinese for \"squirrel\"; the word is transcribed songshu in modern Hanyu Pinyin, but sumxu was the standard way of transcribing these syllables in the 17th century Jesuit literature) and sum xu in Latin. Kircher's description, if not sheer fantasy, may have been based on reports of other writers (as detailed below) who refer to the creature as a droop-eared cat. In 1736–37, Martini's work was superseded by that of French Jesuit du Halde's works on the Chinese Empire. This included the description of the white droop-eared cat of Peking Province from Martini's book and remained the standard reference book for many years, being copied by other authors. German naturalist Alfred Brehm gave a very detailed description of the Chinese lop-eared cat in 1796, based on a specimen said to have been brought back from China by a traveller. In volume 4 of his Histoire Naturelle ( 1767), Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, mentioned the pendulous-eared cats", "title": "Sumxu" } ]

[ "Sphynx cat" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15657825", "text": "The BMW 503 is a two-door 2+2 gran turismo manufactured by German automaker BMW from 1956 until 1959. The company developed the 503, built in coupé and cabriolet body styles, alongside the 507 roadster. The 503 and 507 cost about twice their projected price and did not recover their development costs. During production from May 1956 to March 1959, 413 units of the 503 were built, 139 of which were Cabriolets. Despite being a prestige model, it resulted in heavy losses for BMW. Concept and design Hanns Grewenig, sales manager of BMW, repeatedly requested the development of a sports car based on their 501 and 502 luxury cars, and which could take advantage of their new 3.2 L V8 all-aluminium engine. He vetoed a proposal by chief engineer Fritz Feidler to develop a small car called the 331 on the basis that what BMW needed was a new luxury car more in keeping with its upmarket image. He also felt that BMW did not have the capacity then to manufacture in quantity, but could make a smaller number of luxury cars with a higher profit margin per unit. In early 1954, influenced by the public reaction to the Mercedes-Benz 300 SL and 220 S Coupé/Cabriolet show cars in New York in February 1954, the management of BMW approved the project. The initial designs for the 503 were the work of Kurt Bredschneider, head of the body department, and he produced the preliminary drawings which showed the bodywork that went through to the final design mostly unchanged. Max Hoffman, an influential automobile importer in the United States, saw early design sketches by BMW's Ernst Loof for the subsequent 507 and suggested to industrial designer Albrecht von Goertz that he should submit design proposals to BMW for both cars. Based on these proposals, BMW contracted Goertz to consider the existing design of the 503 and to design the 507 in November 1954. The 503 was noted for having a cleaner and more modern design than the \"Baroque Angel\" 501-based sedans. The cabriolet version of the 503 was the first European convertible with an electro hydraulic hood and windows. Only 3 RHD cabriolets were hand made for the British market. Engineering and development Tasked with designing rolling chassis for two cars while using as much as possible from the existing 502 sedan, engineer Fritz Fiedler designed two versions of a new ladder frame, one with the same wheelbase as the 502, and one with a shortened wheelbase. The long-wheelbase version was used in the 503. Both cars used the steering system and a variant of the front suspension system from the 502; the 503 also used the 502's rear suspension. As originally designed, the 503 used the 502's remote gearbox placement and shift linkage. Both cars used the braking system developed for the 502, using drum brakes with vacuum assist. From 1957 all 503s were fitted with discs on the front as a result of recommendations from John Surtees who had bought a", "title": "BMW 503" } ]

[ "a variable valve timing system" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15649304", "text": "The Mystery of the Black Jungle () is an exotic adventure novel written by Italian author Emilio Salgari, published in 1895. It features two of his most well-known characters, the hunter Tremal-Naik and his loyal servant Kammamuri, and introduces his most famous character, Sandokan, the Tiger of Malaysia. Plot summary Few can live in the Black Jungle of the Sundarbans, the islands formed by the delta of the Ganges river in India, a desolate, silent place teeming with wild dangerous beasts. Yet it is among its dark forests and bamboo groves here that the renowned snake and tiger hunter Tremal-Naik makes his home. For years he has lived there in peace until one night in the deep of the jungle a strange apparition stands before him - a beautiful young woman that vanishes in an instant. Within days, strange music is heard in the jungle, then one of his men is found dead without a mark upon his body. Determined to find some answers, the hunter sets off with his faithful servant Kammamuri, but as they head deeper into the jungles of the Sundarbans, they soon find their own lives at risk: a deadly new foe has been watching their every move, a foe that threatens all of British India. Tremal-Naik encounters the young woman, whose name is Ada, again in a temple in the jungle, and he's caught by fever, as his never-trembling heart is caught by love for her, right at the time when she seems to be facing her doom. Ada is there captured by thugs, worshipers of the goddess Kali. Characters Tremal-Naik: The tiger hunter. Kammamuri: Tremal-Naik's friend and ever-loyal servant Aghur: Another of Tremal-Naik's servants Ada Corishant: The Priestess of the Eastern Temple Suyodhana: The leader of the Thugs of the Kali cult, also known as The Son of the Sacred Waters of the Ganges Captain Macpherson: Ada's father. Enemy of the thugs Bharata: A sepoy soldier serving under Captain Macpherson Manciadi: A Thug Negapatnan: A Thug leader Vindhya: A Thug who poses as an ascetic. Nagor Nimpor: A Thug who poses as an ascetic. Hider: A Thug Film versions There have been several big screen adaptations of the novel including The Mystery of The Black Jungle filmed in 1953 starring Lex Barker. The sequel, The Black Devils of Kali came out the subsequent year. It was later remade in 1965 as The Mystery of Thug Island. In the 1990s it returned to the small screen in Italy as I misteri della jungla nera, a popular miniseries. Actor Kabir Bedi, who has portrayed popular Salgari characters Sandokan and The Black Corsair appeared as Tremal-Naik's loyal servant Kammamuri. See also Sandokan series Sandokan The Tigers of Mompracem The Pirates of Malaysia The Two Tigers The King of the Sea Quest for a Throne The Black Corsair The Queen of the Caribbean Son of the Red Corsair External links Read the first chapter. Read a review by Caroline at Portrait of a Woman Read a review of", "title": "The Mystery of the Black Jungle" } ]

[ "Pench National Park" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15626917", "text": "The 2008 season was the Arizona Cardinals' 89th in the National Football League (NFL), their 21st season in Arizona, and their second under head coach Ken Whisenhunt. The season marked the Cardinals' first Super Bowl appearance, coming as a result of their victory against the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Championship. The Cardinals slogan for the season was \"Shock The World!\" Riding the back of quarterback Kurt Warner, who had gone from being a backup for the St. Louis Rams in 1999 to leading the Greatest Show on Turf to a Super Bowl XXXIV victory, and franchise wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald, the Cardinals went on a playoff run for the ages after having won just one playoff game in the last sixty years, as Warner once again recreated the magic he had captured with the Rams. (Coincidentally, both teams were based in St. Louis at one point or another, only to relocate to different cities.) The Cardinals began their season by compiling a 7–3 record by Week 11 and finished the regular season with a 9–7 record (their first winning season in 10 years), which was good enough to win the NFC West, and the Cardinals, for the first time since 1947, hosted a playoff game. In that wild card game, the Cardinals defeated the Atlanta Falcons. The next week, for the Divisional round of the playoffs, the Cardinals traveled to Charlotte, North Carolina, where they upset the number 2 seeded Carolina Panthers. Then, because the Philadelphia Eagles also achieved an upset the same week (against the top-seeded New York Giants), the number-four seed Cardinals hosted the NFC Championship game, where they defeated the Eagles and qualified for the Super Bowl for the first time in franchise history. In Super Bowl XLIII, the Cardinals' winning streak ended. Though they led the Pittsburgh Steelers with less than a minute left to play in the game, they lost, 27–23. The 2008 Cardinals were the second 9–7 team to reach the Super Bowl, joining the Los Angeles Rams in Super Bowl XIV, who also lost to the Steelers; however, the Rams had to win only two playoff games, rather than three, to reach the Super Bowl. Three years later in Super Bowl XLVI, the New York Giants would become the first 9–7 team to win, overshadowing the Cardinals' achievement. In 2014, Athlon Sports ranked the 2008 Cardinals as the fourth-worst team to ever make the Super Bowl. Coaching staff 2008 NFL Draft selections Roster Schedule Preseason Regular season Standings Regular season results Week 1: at San Francisco 49ers The Cardinals began their 2008 campaign on the road against their NFC West rival, the San Francisco 49ers. In the first quarter, Arizona took flight as kicker Neil Rackers got a 25-yard field goal. The 49ers responded with RB Frank Gore's 41-yard TD run. In the second quarter, the Cardinals responded with QB Kurt Warner completing a one-yard TD pass to WR Larry Fitzgerald, yet San Francisco tied the game with kicker Joe Nedney getting", "title": "2008 Arizona Cardinals season" } ]

[ "1994" ]

[ { "docid": "156489", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling and the fifth novel in the Harry Potter series. It follows Harry Potter's struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of the antagonist Lord Voldemort, O.W.L. exams, and an obstructive Ministry of Magic. The novel was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic in the United States, and Raincoast in Canada. It sold five million copies in the first 24 hours of publication. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix won several awards, including the American Library Association Best Book Award for Young Adults in 2003. The book was also made into a 2007 film, and a video game by Electronic Arts. Plot During the summer, Harry Potter is frustrated by his friends' non-communication and with Dumbledore barring him from helping combat a newly-resurgent Lord Voldemort. One evening, Dementors attack him and cousin Dudley, but Harry fends them off using the Patronus Charm. Later, Order of the Phoenix members arrive at the Dursley house to evacuate Harry. They whisk him off to Number 12, Grimmauld Place, Sirius Black's family home, which is now the Order's headquarters. Ron and Hermione are there and tell Harry that the Order is a secret organisation that Dumbledore created to fight Voldemort and the Death Eaters. Harry wants to join, but is too young. The Ministry of Magic, under Cornelius Fudge, attempt to malign Harry for stating that Voldemort has returned. Harry is also charged with performing underage magic while with a Muggle, but is exonerated and returns to Hogwarts. Dolores Umbridge, a senior Ministry employee, is the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. She initiates strict rules and a textbook-only curriculum and forbids the students from practicing defensive spells. Harry, Ron, and Hermione form a secret student Defense group called Dumbledore's Army. The group secretly meets in the Room of Requirement to practice under Harry's instruction. One night, Harry dreams that Arthur Weasley is attacked by Voldemort's snake, Nagini. His vision is true, and Arthur is found seriously injured at the Ministry. Dumbledore realises that Harry's and Voldemort's minds are connected, and he orders Professor Snape to teach Harry Occlumency, a skill to close one's mind against others. Umbridge is tipped-off about Dumbledore's Army; to prevent Harry's expulsion, Dumbledore claims responsibility for forming the group. To avoid arrest, he goes into hiding. Umbridge is appointed headmistress, though she is magically barred from entering Dumbledore's tower, and begins enacting strict rules and regulations. Harry's Occlumency lessons go poorly. During his Ordinary Wizarding Level exams, he envisions Voldemort torturing Sirius in the Department of Mysteries at the Ministry. Harry attempts to contact Sirius at Grimmauld Place, using the Floo Network in Umbridge's office, but she catches and interrogates him, threatening to use the Cruciatus Curse on him. Hermione intervenes by concocting a story that leads them into the Forbidden Forest. Umbridge", "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" } ]

[ { "docid": "156587", "text": "The Death Eaters are characters featured in the Harry Potter series of novels and films. They are a radical group of wizards and witches, led by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who seek to purify the wizarding community by eliminating wizards and witches born to non-magical parents. They attempt to create a new order within the Ministry of Magic by spreading fear through the wizarding community and murdering those who speak out against them. Their primary opposition is the Order of the Phoenix. Death Eaters recognise one another by the Dark Mark, a sigil branded on each of their left forearms that allows Voldemort to summon any of them instantly. Their typical attire includes black hooded robes and masks. The Death Eaters as a group first appeared in the novel Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, although individual members of the group, such as Severus Snape, Lucius Malfoy, and Peter Pettigrew had appeared in earlier books in the series. The group had also been mentioned indirectly in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, when followers of Voldemort were mentioned. They were mentioned the first time directly in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Synopsis Pre-Harry Potter The Death Eaters first existed over 11 years before the events of the books, torturing and murdering Muggles (people without magical abilities), as well as anyone who opposed them, including wizards who support Muggles (such as the Weasley family). Around 10 years after the Death Eaters first surfaced, a Seer named Sybill Trelawney made a prophecy about a boy who would have the power to defeat Voldemort forever. The prophecy could have referred to two different boys, Harry Potter or Neville Longbottom; however, Voldemort chose Harry as said in the prophecy, that \"the Dark Lord would mark him as his equal\". As Voldemort was a half-blood, he chose his \"equal\", Harry, whose mother was a Muggle-born witch, instead of Neville, who came from a long line of pure-blooded wizards. Acting on information from James and Lily Potter's Secret-Keeper Peter Pettigrew, Voldemort attempted to complete the prophecy and kill his infant rival. Due to Harry's mother's sacrifice to save her son, Voldemort's deadly curse rebounded off Harry and disembodied Voldemort. With Voldemort vanquished after failing to kill Harry Potter, the Death Eaters largely disbanded and vanished. The Ministry rounded many of them up and imprisoned them in the Wizarding prison Azkaban, but some eluded justice by claiming they were bewitched by the Imperius Curse (it is implied that Lucius Malfoy did so) or by turning in other Death Eaters, as Igor Karkaroff did; Harry witnesses Karkaroff's testimony against former Death Eaters in Albus Dumbledore's Pensieve during the course of the series. It appears that very few Death Eaters stood for their fallen master and proudly went to Azkaban for him (like Bellatrix Lestrange), since, in the sixth book, Snape states that if Voldemort had refused to welcome back all those who turned their backs", "title": "Death Eater" } ]

[ "21 June 2003" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15641114", "text": "The Battle of Bandera Pass in 1841 marked the turning point of the Texas-Indian wars. Though they would continue another 34 years, the tide began to turn at Bandera Pass. Some sources show 1843 as the year of this event. Background Location Bandera Pass is a plain gap in the chain of mountains about ten miles northwest of the town of Bandera, Texas. Military background from 1821–1841 At the time of the Texas Revolution there were 30,000 Anglo and Hispanic settlers in Texas and approximately 15,000 Plains Indians. The settlers were armed with single-shot weapons, which the Comanche, in particular, had learned very well to counter. Certainly the Spanish, then the Mexicans, and later the Texans had learned that single-shot weapons were not enough to defeat the deadly Comanche light horse, whose mastery of cavalry tactics and mounted bowmanship were renowned. The Comanches' constant movement caused many of their opponents' older single-shot weapons to miss their target in the chaos of battle. The Comanche could then easily kill their enemies before they had a chance to reload. Though it was understated, the Comanche learned to use single-shot firearms quite well, but they found bows superior in terms of fire rate. The Comanche put an end to Spanish expansion in North America. Besides the Mapuche and Chichimeca, the Comanche did what no other indigenous peoples had managed: defending their homeland—even expanding it—in the face of the best military forces the Spanish could bring against them. In the late 18th century the Comanche were said to have stolen every horse in New Mexico. Up until the introduction of repeating rifles and revolvers, weapons and tactics were definitely on the side of the Plains Indians, most especially the Comanche. However, disease and numbers were on the side of the Texans, and that increased with time. The tide clearly began to turn after 1840, when John Coffee Hays joined the Texas Rangers. Known for improving discipline and morale, he also armed his men with Paterson Colt five-shot revolvers instead of single-shot guns. For the first time, at the Battle of Bandera Pass in 1841, the Indians came up against the \"new rangers\" and were repelled. This battle marked a clear turning point in the war against the Plains tribes, though they would fight on bitterly for another 34 years. The setting for the battle After the Great Raid of 1840 where the Comanches under Buffalo Hump sacked Victoria, Texas, and Linnville, President Sam Houston felt he had to strengthen the frontier defenses to prevent future \"Great Raids.\" He then appointed Capt. John Coffee Hays to recruit a company of rangers to specifically contain the Comanches. That company was filled with noted Indian fighters, among them Bigfoot Wallace, Ben Highsmith, Creed Taylor, Sam Walker, Robert Addison Gillespie, P.H. Bell, Kit Ackland, Sam Luckey, James Dunn, Tom Galberth, George Neill and Frank Chevallier, and others well known in Texas frontier history. This was the company that confronted the Comanche in Bandera Pass in 1841. It was", "title": "Battle of Bandera Pass" } ]

[ "1847 Colt Walker" ]

[ { "docid": "15619794", "text": "The Patea Freezing Works was a meat-processing plant promoted by The Patea A&P Association in the town of Patea. The West Coast Meat and Produce Export Company was formed in August 1883 and operated a tinning plant and tallow factory in the area. Changes in technology saw the company change from canning to freezing in 1904. The Patea Freezing Company came into being in 1910. In 1933, a new Patea Freezing Company was formed and at times provided work for nearly 1000 workers during peak season. However, the company suffered badly during the downturn in the New Zealand meat-processing industry in the early 1980s. The Patea works were among the first to close down, ending operations in September 1982. At the time The Patea Freezing Works was owned by the British Vestey Group. Since the closure the site had fallen derelict. Residents regarded the area as a health hazard and blamed its high visibility from the highway as being partly responsible for a decline in property values over the years. \"The works has been a thorn in everyone's side for 25 years. This eyesore is our identity, it's Taranaki's eastern gateway and it's absolutely shocking what's been allowed to happen there.\" said former Patea Mayor Norm McKay, who worked at the freezing works for 29 years. Parts of the site were owned by the South Taranaki District Council and Escada Enterprises of Sydney, Australia The site was riddled with Asbestos cladding and insulation, chemicals, heavy metals, boiler ash dumps, rusting fuel storage tanks and collapsing structures. On Wednesday 6 February 2008 a large part of the Patea Freezing Works was destroyed by fire. During August 2009 Nikau Contractors were awarded the contract to demolish and clear the Patea Freezing works site. Nikau Contractors was chosen from eight companies that tendered to do the work. The chimney, which wasn't the original freezing works chimney, was toppled on 19 February 2010. This was despite support from local Iwi, and the South Taranaki Mayor Ross Dunlop, to explore the possibility of preserving the chimney as a monument. Such preservation had not been budgeted for in the site cleanup and would likely have ended up being paid for by local ratepayers. Video of the toppling of the chimney is available on YouTube. A link is provided in the External links section below. Demolition was completed in mid 2010. References External links Toppling of Chimney South Taranaki District Buildings and structures in Taranaki Meat processing in New Zealand Defunct meat export companies of New Zealand History of Taranaki Patea", "title": "Patea Freezing Works" } ]

[]

[ "United States", "Japan", "China", "Australia" ]

[ { "docid": "15635388", "text": "\"Brand New Day\" is a comic book storyline in The Amazing Spider-Man, published by Marvel Comics beginning in 2008. It chronicles the start of Spider-Man's adventures in the aftermath of the status quo-altering \"One More Day\" storyline, and continues afterwards into \"Spider-Man: Big Time\". Although the banner only runs across the front covers of #546-564 and the Spider-Man: Swing Shift (Director's Cut) one-shot (itself a reprint, with new material, of the Free Comic Book Day 2007: Spider-Man one-shot), \"Brand New Day\" is also used to refer to the entire 102-issue run of stories featured in Amazing Spider-Man #546-647 and accompanying tie-in series, one-shots, and annuals. During this time, Marvel made The Amazing Spider-Man the company's sole Spider-Man title, upping its frequency of publication to three issues monthly and cancelling the other then-current Spider-Man titles The Sensational Spider-Man and Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man, and inaugurated the series with a sequence of \"back to basics\" story arcs. This marks the first time since December 1976 (when Peter Parker, The Spectacular Spider-Man #1 was published) that only one regularly published title featured Spider-Man in its title. Plot The new status quo Following the events of \"One More Day\", Spider-Man's marriage to Mary Jane Watson has been erased, resulting in adjustments to his own history. Spider-Man's secret identity has also been forgotten by everyone, including people who knew his identity before his public unmasking. Harry Osborn is again alive; he has been living in Europe for several years. Aunt May is alive and well and volunteers in a homeless shelter. Peter has his original mechanical webshooters. Although \"some people\" vaguely recall that Spider-Man unmasked himself during the events of Civil War, they do not remember whose face was under the mask, and even if this is brought to their attention, they soon cease to worry about it. Brand New Day Spider-Man has not been seen for one hundred days due to the implementation of the Superhuman Registration Act. In the meantime, Peter Parker has been residing at Aunt May's house as he searches for an affordable apartment. Feeling concerned, Peter decides to visit the Daily Bugle and is shocked to learn about the publication's severe financial troubles. Unfortunately, the stress takes a toll on J. Jonah Jameson, who suffers a heart attack. In light of the Bugles financial difficulties, Robbie Robertson asks Peter to do what he can to get Spider-Man pictures that he believes would boost circulation, which convinces Peter to return to the web-slinging. Robbie is finally getting on top of things as Dexter Bennett, a celebrity businessman, arrives to inform him that he's bought all of Jameson's Bugle shares and is now running operations. After encountering supervillain Menace, Peter is concerned that Harry might have returned to his goblin-glider ways, but Harry's girlfriend, Lily Hollister, provides an alibi. Mary Jane Watson, Bobby Carr, and Jackpot It is established that Mary Jane and Peter were in a long-term relationship, but things ended badly, and their relationship is now frosty at best. As far", "title": "Spider-Man: Brand New Day" } ]

[]

[ "Mary Jane Watson" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15623488", "text": "\"The Fires of Pompeii\" is the second episode of the fourth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It was broadcast on BBC One on 12 April 2008. Set shortly before and during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79, this episode depicts alien time traveller the Doctor (David Tennant) and his new companion Donna Noble (Catherine Tate) on a trip to Pompeii, where they uncover an alien invasion. Their clashing worldviews present an ethical dilemma for the Doctor. The episode was filmed in Rome's Cinecittà studios, and was the first time the Doctor Who production team took its cast abroad for filming since its revival. The production of the episode was impeded by a fire near the sets several weeks before filming and by problems for the production team crossing into Europe. Critics' opinions regarding the episode were generally mixed. The premise of the episode—the moral dilemma the Doctor faces, and Donna's insistence that he save a family from Pompeii—was widely praised, while the writing, particularly of the supporting characters, was criticised. \"The Fires of Pompeii\" marks the first appearance on Doctor Who by both Karen Gillan and Peter Capaldi. Both would later take starring roles on the show: Gillan was cast as the Doctor's new companion Amy Pond starting with the next series, and Capaldi appeared as the Twelfth Doctor beginning in 2013. Plot Synopsis The Tenth Doctor and Donna arrive in Pompeii the day before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79. They later discover a local merchant has sold the TARDIS to sculptor Lobus Caecilius. The Doctor and Donna go to Caecilius' house to retrieve it. Unknown to them, they have been followed by a soothsayer who reports to the Sibylline Sisterhood that the prophesied man in the blue box has arrived, and the Sisters fear the prediction that his arrival brings fire and death. However, the High Priestess assures them that Pompeii will soon enter a new golden age. At the house, the Doctor and Donna meet the local augur, Lucius Petrus Dextrus, who has arrived to collect a sculpture he commissioned. The Doctor is intrigued by the sculpture, which resembles a segment of an oversized circuit board. The Doctor wishes to learn more about the sculptures and enlists Caecilius' son Quintus to help him break into Lucius Petrus' house. Inside, the Doctor deduces that the circuits will make an energy converter, but he is caught by Lucius Petrus, who beckons a large stone creature to attack and kill them. The stone creature appears in Caecilius' house and attacks them, but Quintus douses the creature in water and kills it. In the confusion, the Sisterhood kidnap Donna, and the Doctor sets off to rescue her. The Doctor discovers that the Sisterhood are being controlled by the Pyroviles, stony creatures whose home planet of Pyrovilia was lost. The Doctor escapes with Donna into a tunnel that leads into the heart of Mount Vesuvius. The Doctor discovers that the volcano is being used", "title": "The Fires of Pompeii" } ]

[ "79 AD" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15660606", "text": "Archbishop Spyridon of America (born George Papageorge, ) is a retired Greek Orthodox bishop of the Ecumenical Patriarchate who was the archbishop of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America from July 1997 to August 1999. Internal conflicts within the church caused his resignation in 1999, after which he went into retirement, without accepting his subsequent assignment as Metropolitan of Chaldia. Early life Archbishop Spyridon was born on September 24, 1944, in Warren, Ohio and was the son of Clara and Constantine Papageorge, ethnic Greek American parents. Spyridon attended elementary school in both Steubenville, Ohio, and Rhodes, Greece and graduated from Tarpon Springs High School in 1962. He studied at the Theological School of Halki where he graduated in 1966 and he then attended graduate school at the University of Geneva in Switzerland, specializing in The History of the Protestant Churches. Awarded a scholarship by the Ecumenical Patriarchate, he then studied Byzantine Literature at Bochum University in Germany from 1969 to 1973). Following graduation, he served as secretary at the Permanent Delegation of the Ecumenical Patriarchate to the World Council of Churches from 1966 to 1977 and later served as secretary of the Orthodox Center in Pregny-Chambésy, Geneva where he was the director of its well-known news bulletin \"Episkepsis\". In 1976, Spyridon was assigned as dean of the Greek Orthodox Community of St. Andrew in Rome, where he served until 1985. Metropolitan of Italy His stay in Italy, where Catholicism is prominent, led to his 1984 appointment as Executive Secretary of the Inter-Orthodox Commission for the Theological Dialogue between the Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Churches. In 1985, the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate elected him titular bishop of Apamea, assigning him as an auxiliary bishop to the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Austria and Exarchate of Italy, as it was then known. In November 1991, upon the creation the Archdiocese of Italy and Exarchate of Southern Europe, the Holy Synod elected Spyridon as its first Metropolitan. During the course of the four years he served as Metropolitan of Italy, Spyridon increased the prevalence of the Orthodox Church and contributed to Orthodox unity by incorporating various Italian Orthodox communities. He gave particular attention to the Orthodox youth by creating the Union of Greek Orthodox Students of Italy and after centuries, he reintroduced Orthodox monasticism in Italy by reopening the Byzantine monastery of Saint John Theristis in Calabria. In 1992, he was appointed chairman of the inter-Orthodox Commission for the Theological Dialogue between the Orthodox Church and the Lutheran World Federation. He was Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew's delegate to the Special Synod of the Roman Catholic Bishops in Europe which took place in Rome in 1991 where his address on the theological dialogue between Eastern Orthodoxy and Catholicism received much praise. Archbishop of America Following his productive 22-year ministry in Italy and because of his American birth, he was appointed Archbishop of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America on July 30, 1997. Spyridon stressed the importance of the Orthodox Church as a symbol", "title": "Spyridon of America" } ]

[ "1054" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1567202", "text": "Yadier Benjamín Molina (; born July 13, 1982), nicknamed \"Yadi\", is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball catcher who played his entire 19-year career with the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB) and who is currently the team's Special Assistant to the President of Baseball Operations. Widely considered one of the greatest defensive catchers of all time for his blocking ability and his caught-stealing percentage, Molina won nine Rawlings Gold Gloves and six Fielding Bible Awards. A two-time World Series champion, he played for Cardinals teams that made 12 playoff appearances and won four National League pennants. Molina also played for the Puerto Rican national team in four World Baseball Classic (WBC) tournaments, winning two silver medals. When he retired after the 2022 season, Molina ranked first all-time among catchers in putouts and second all-time among catchers with 130 Defensive Runs Saved (DRS); among active players, he ranked first with 845 assists, 40.21% of runners caught stealing, and 55 pickoffs. Along with pitcher Adam Wainwright, Molina holds the records for most games started and won as a battery. As a hitter, Molina accrued more than 2,100 hits, 150 home runs, and 1,000 runs batted in (RBIs); he batted over .300 in five seasons. Other distinctions include selection to ten MLB All-Star Games, four Platinum Glove Awards, and one Silver Slugger Award. He was a two-time selection to the All-WBC Tournament Team and was a member of the 2018 MLB Japan All-Star Series. The product of a baseball family, Molina was born in Bayamon, Puerto Rico. His father was an amateur second baseman and the all-time hits leader in Puerto Rican baseball, and his two older brothers, Bengie and José, also developed into standout defensive catchers with lengthy MLB careers. The Cardinals' fourth-round selection in the 2000 MLB draft, Molina entered the major leagues in the 2004 season and quickly showed one of the strongest and most accurate arms in the game. Over his career, he earned a reputation as a team leader, eventually formulating pregame plans to handle opposing hitters, including pitching strategies and fielder positioning. Molina appeared on five NL Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) ballots, including finishing fourth in 2012 and third in 2013. When Hurricane Maria ravaged the island of Puerto Rico in September 2017, Molina began relief efforts for victims of the catastrophe, consequently receiving the Roberto Clemente Award in 2018. Early life Yadier Benjamín Molina was born on July 13, 1982, in Bayamón, Puerto Rico, the youngest of three boys to Gladys Matta and Benjamín Molina, Sr. He attended Maestro Ladislao Martínez High School in Vega Alta. Baseball in Puerto Rico is a significant part of the island's culture. Molina's father played second base as an amateur and worked as a tools technician 10 hours per day in a Westinghouse factory. The all-time hits leader in Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente (or Doble-A Beísbol) history, the elder Molina delivered a .320 career batting average and gained election to the Puerto Rican baseball", "title": "Yadier Molina" } ]

[ "Greg Maddux" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "156489", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling and the fifth novel in the Harry Potter series. It follows Harry Potter's struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of the antagonist Lord Voldemort, O.W.L. exams, and an obstructive Ministry of Magic. The novel was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic in the United States, and Raincoast in Canada. It sold five million copies in the first 24 hours of publication. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix won several awards, including the American Library Association Best Book Award for Young Adults in 2003. The book was also made into a 2007 film, and a video game by Electronic Arts. Plot During the summer, Harry Potter is frustrated by his friends' non-communication and with Dumbledore barring him from helping combat a newly-resurgent Lord Voldemort. One evening, Dementors attack him and cousin Dudley, but Harry fends them off using the Patronus Charm. Later, Order of the Phoenix members arrive at the Dursley house to evacuate Harry. They whisk him off to Number 12, Grimmauld Place, Sirius Black's family home, which is now the Order's headquarters. Ron and Hermione are there and tell Harry that the Order is a secret organisation that Dumbledore created to fight Voldemort and the Death Eaters. Harry wants to join, but is too young. The Ministry of Magic, under Cornelius Fudge, attempt to malign Harry for stating that Voldemort has returned. Harry is also charged with performing underage magic while with a Muggle, but is exonerated and returns to Hogwarts. Dolores Umbridge, a senior Ministry employee, is the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. She initiates strict rules and a textbook-only curriculum and forbids the students from practicing defensive spells. Harry, Ron, and Hermione form a secret student Defense group called Dumbledore's Army. The group secretly meets in the Room of Requirement to practice under Harry's instruction. One night, Harry dreams that Arthur Weasley is attacked by Voldemort's snake, Nagini. His vision is true, and Arthur is found seriously injured at the Ministry. Dumbledore realises that Harry's and Voldemort's minds are connected, and he orders Professor Snape to teach Harry Occlumency, a skill to close one's mind against others. Umbridge is tipped-off about Dumbledore's Army; to prevent Harry's expulsion, Dumbledore claims responsibility for forming the group. To avoid arrest, he goes into hiding. Umbridge is appointed headmistress, though she is magically barred from entering Dumbledore's tower, and begins enacting strict rules and regulations. Harry's Occlumency lessons go poorly. During his Ordinary Wizarding Level exams, he envisions Voldemort torturing Sirius in the Department of Mysteries at the Ministry. Harry attempts to contact Sirius at Grimmauld Place, using the Floo Network in Umbridge's office, but she catches and interrogates him, threatening to use the Cruciatus Curse on him. Hermione intervenes by concocting a story that leads them into the Forbidden Forest. Umbridge", "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" } ]

[ "Jude Law" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "23020801", "text": "Peter Perry (born October 31, 1969, in Washington, D.C.) is a peace and social justice activist who has been affiliated with the National Campaign for Nonviolent Resistance and the Washington Peace Center. Perry helped organize one of the protests on the second inauguration of President George W. Bush on January 20, 2005, in Washington DC. On February 9, 2005, Perry and activists David Barrows and Midge Potts protested US torture and the nomination and confirmation hearings of Alberto Gonzalez for United States Attorney General. The demonstration occurred on the steps of The United States Supreme Court. The three were subsequently convicted in DC Superior Court June 30, 2005, for violating Title 40 sec. 6135 of US Code. However, they appealed to DC Superior Court and on January 23, 2007, in that appeal, the Czech Ambassador to The United Nations, Martin Palous, appeared on their behalf. Perry continued protesting the Iraq War, and as a resident of Maryland, at that time, he joined other peace activists in early 2007 \"occupying\" the Capitol Hill office of Senator Barbara Mikulski. By 2008 Perry had expanded his activism with the Washington Peace Center to include addressing the apparent rise in anti-gay violence in Washington, D.C. Due to several violent anti-gay attacks Perry organized with other communities in Washington, D.C. Perry was a lead organizer of one of the first anti-war protests at the White House during President Barack Obama's administration in October 2009. This action resulted in more than 60 peaceful protesters arrested on the White House sidewalk. On May 21, 2009, Perry, Steve Mihalis, Eve Tetaz, and Ellen Barfield protested the funding of the spreading war and the occupation of Afghanistan. They interrupted Admiral Michael Mullen, Chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as he spoke to US Senate Foreign Relations Committee chair, US Senator John Kerry. The committee was discussing President Barack Obama's counter-terrorism strategy in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Perry stood up and quoted Senator Kerry's own words from Kerry's antiwar protests in which he said \"“How do you ask someone to be the last American soldier to die for a mistake?” As a result of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee protest, Perry and Barfield were sentenced by Judge Lynn Liebovitz in December 2009 after being convicted by a jury. Barfield was sentenced to 25 days in jail, and Perry received a four-day sentence. They were also given lengthy stay-away orders from Capitol Hill. Tetaz was also sentenced to 25 days in jail on January 25, 2010. Perry has recently taken a much less visible role in activism, although he donates to various small progressive organizations. Other activities Perry was the coordinator of the Washington Peace Center in 2007. In 2011 Perry was an organizer with the Bradley Manning Support Network. References American anti-war activists Living people 1969 births", "title": "Pete Perry (activist)" } ]

[ "the United States Capitol" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15668106", "text": "Killer Net is a British television crime drama mini series, first broadcast on Channel 4 in May 1998. The drama was written and produced by Lynda La Plante, directed by Geoffrey Sax and featured a cast of up and coming actors. One of the main selling points of the series was that it starred Jason Orange of Take That, but it was also one of the introductions to the small screen of Paul Bettany. Plot The series is set around the lives of three students living in Brighton, whose contribution to an internet-based computer game leads them right into the heart of an investigation into a serial killer. Cast Tam Williams as Scott Miller Paul Bettany as Joe Hunter Emily Woof as Suzie Scott Zoe Lucker as Carol Butler Jason Orange as Brent Moyer Sara Stephens as Tracy Wilson Kathy Brolly as Charlotte 'Charlie' Thorpe Mark Tandy as Robin Butler-Cooke Simon Meacock as Tony 'Scruffy' O'Reilly Christopher Neame as DCI Collingwood Richard McCabe as DI George Colby Stephen Boxer as DS Hawkes Raquel Cassidy as WPC Pamela Boxer Mark Barton Hill as Jamie Mark Denham as Jarvis Production Locations Location filming for Killer Net was completed throughout the late summer of 1997. Many scenes were filmed in Brighton, East Sussex. Scenes set on the actual game \"Killer Net\" were all filmed in Islington, in and around the Camden Passage antique area. The university that the students attend is not Brighton University, but it is in fact the University of Surrey in Guildford. Up until the end of the 1990s, Eastern Terrace in Kemp Town, Brighton was used as student lodgings. and number eight was used as the property where the students live. It has since been converted back into accommodation and is one of the most expensive properties in Brighton. The club featured in the programme is The Zap club in the Kings Road Arches, Brighton. The Casino is actually the Holiday Inn opposite the West Pier on Kings Road and later doubles as the block of flats in which Brent Moyer (Jason Orange) lives. The road in which the police question Scott about his car is Princess Street, Brighton, outside the Marlborough Pub. There are various invaluable scenes filmed inside the West Pier pavilion. The Palace Pier has many scenes filmed on it. When the students go out celebrating after winning the game, the MG is pictured turning from Marine Parade into the Old Steine. The opening shot from Scott's window is a view down Marine Parade and shows the forecourt of the Bristol Bar in Paston Place. Episodes References External links Sing-Along-A-Killer-Net Official Site on Internet Archive 1998 British television series debuts 1998 British television series endings 1990s British drama television series Channel 4 television dramas Channel 4 miniseries 1990s British crime television series 1990s British television miniseries British thriller television series British English-language television shows Films directed by Geoffrey Sax Television shows set in Brighton", "title": "Killer Net" } ]

[ "1899" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15676165", "text": "Andrew William Dunn BSC is a British cinematographer, best known for his collaborations with Robert Altman, Nicholas Hytner, Lee Daniels and Mick Jackson. He is the recipient of three BAFTA Awards, a British Society of Cinematographers Award and an Evening Standard British Film Award. Dunn is well known for his work on Threads (1984), Edge of Darkness (1985), L.A. Story (1991), The Bodyguard (1992), The Madness of King George (1994), The Crucible (1996), Gosford Park (2001), The History Boys (2006), Precious (2009), Crazy, Stupid, Love (2011), Perks of Being a Wallflower (2012), Lee Daniels' The Butler (2013) and The United States vs. Billie Holiday (2021) among others. Early life Andrew Dunn was born in London, England. He grew up around cinema, as his father worked for MGM Studios. Dunn started making films in his early teens, and then joined the BBC whilst studying film at the University of Westminster (formerly London Polytechnic). Filmography Feature films Television TV films Awards 1985 — British Academy of Film and Television Arts TV Award - Best Film Cameraman for: Threads (1984) 1986 — British Academy of Film and Television Arts TV Award - Best Film Cameraman for: Edge of Darkness (1985) 1989 — British Academy of Film and Television Arts TV Award - Best Film Cameraman for: Tumbledown (1988) 1995 — British Society of Cinematographers - Best Cinematography Award for: The Madness of King George (1994) 1996 — Evening Standard British Film Award - Best Technical/Artistic Achievement for: The Madness of King George (1994) Further reading (2006) \"Andrew Dunn\" Contemporary Theatre, Film, and Television: A biographical guide featuring performers, directors, writers, producers, designers, managers, choreographers, technicians, composers, executives, dancers, and critics in the United States, Canada, Great Britain and the world Vol. 65, Thomson Gale, Detroit, References External links English cinematographers Living people Place of birth missing (living people) 1950 births", "title": "Andrew Dunn (cinematographer)" } ]

[ "Stephen Chbosky" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1562209", "text": "Corn Mo is the stage name of Jon Cunningham, an American, Brooklyn-based musician. Corn Mo sings, plays the accordion, and keyboards, and sometimes performs as a one-man band. His music style is a mixture of circus music, glam rock, and humorous novelty songs. He is currently recording his third solo album, and albums with his band .357 Lover. Many of his songs and stylings are heavily influenced by Meat Loaf (to whom he bears a slight physical resemblance) and Queen. Recording as Corn Mo He started his music career in Denton, Texas. Corn Mo released his first full-length album, I Hope You Win!, in 2000. His 2002 follow-up The Magic Is You!, features his most popular song, \"Busey Boy\", about being mistaken for actor Gary Busey. He is featured on the Ben Folds album Supersunnyspeedgraphic singing backing vocals on \"Get Your Hands Off My Woman.\" He recently appeared in the Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players' DVD release of On and Off Broadway. He performed a duet with Jason Trachtenburg on his accordion to a new rendition of the Trachtenburgs' song \"Beautiful Dandelion\". Back in the Denton days Corn Mo teamed up with friend Mauve Oed for a cassette. It included a cover of Mötley Crüe's \"Home Sweet Home\" which garnered play on local indie radio show The Adventure Club. In October 2012, it was announced that he had joined \"Tragedy\", the all metal tribute band to the Bee Gees. Albums with .357 Lover .357 Lover, first formed when Corn Mo lived in Denton, backs Corn Mo when he is not playing as a solo performer. Their current lineup is Dave Wallin on bass, and Ron Salvo on drums. .357 Lover recorded their first EP, titled Your Favorite Hamburger is a Cheeseburger, in 2007. A full-length debut, Diorama of the Golden Lion, was released in September 2009. Live For several years before moving to New York, Corn Mo performed at many small venues in north Texas (Denton and the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex), developing a small but loyal following. In 2003, Corn Mo played the Austin City Limits Music Festival. He plays accordion on Mary Prankster's live album Lemonade: Live which was recorded at the 9:30 Club in Washington, DC on May 10, 2003. On May 20, 2003 Corn Mo appeared on Jimmy Kimmel Live! where he performed \"Busey Boy\" with Kimmel's live band. In 2003 and 2004, he toured with The Polyphonic Spree as a member of their band. He has toured numerous times with They Might Be Giants and Ben Folds. Corn Mo is featured on the 2004 They Might Be Giants live album Almanac, playing the song \"Particle Mo\" (a live version of \"Particle Man\") with the band. In June 2006, he performed at the Bonnaroo Music Festival. In April 2007, .357 Lover performed as the backing group for Andrew W.K. in Denton, Texas. Corn Mo toured again with Folds on his November Surprise Tour 2006. On June 15, 2007, They Might Be Giants announced via a bulletin that Corn", "title": "Corn Mo" } ]

[ "Kelly Price" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1562061", "text": "The Video Privacy Protection Act (VPPA) is a bill that was passed by the United States Congress in 1988 as and signed into law by President Ronald Reagan. It was created to prevent what it refers to as \"wrongful disclosure of video tape rental or sale records\" or similar audio visual materials, to cover items such as video games. Congress passed the VPPA after Robert Bork's video rental history was published during his Supreme Court nomination and it became known as the \"Bork bill\". It makes any \"video tape service provider\" that discloses rental information outside the ordinary course of business liable for up to $2,500 in actual damages unless the consumer has consented, the consumer had the opportunity to consent, or the data was subject to a court order or warrant. Origin of Computer-based VPPA Litigation With the emergence of new-age computing technology and devices in the early 2000's came websites, 3rd party advertising and tracking firms using mechanisms that violated a user's privacy. While computer technology was progressing rapidly, federal and state laws had failed to be proactive, a risk to society of ungoverned technology. As such, litigation for violations was relatively non-existent. A new method to litigate Federal privacy cases was needed to protect the hundreds of millions of people violated by unauthorized tracking user's activities online.This was a formidable task since no law firms had litigated cases involving the computer technology inherent within the exchange of user data between third-party affiliated entities, thus there was no case precedent, no \"blueprint\" to follow. Earlier cases, such as the double-click \"cookie\" case in 2001, had relied on using a wiretap statute, the Electronic Communication Privacy Act (\"ECPA\"). While a plausible allegation, it was a weak allegation since the website user had granted such permissible use within the website’s term of service (\"TOS\"). The online advertising industry, in association with analytic companies, had begun using video ads to conduct its ubiquitous tracking, consumer's attention shown to be drawn to such as opposed to written content, In later years, these tracking methods would expand to photos and audio, IE., In 2008, cell phones were re-designed to include a new method of tracking, the use of social apps to collect photos, a process which now permitted a one step \"click\" process to uploading a photo as opposed to the previous six steps, thus consumers were now more inclined to upload photos in mass. This allowed content to be provided for free and which formed the basis for the tracking, IE., EXIF data. Such acts were captured when Attorney Malley used software applications to log HTTP/HTTPS traffic between a computer's web browser and the Internet, analytic tests using two computers interfaced, producing indisputable evidence of such activities: moreover, detailed reports of any and all parties involved in such nefarious activities, IE., \"tracking the trackers\". In the continuing research of the Industry's business practises in order to determine it's monetization interests, such revealed the incorporation of complex graphics within online ads, and the", "title": "Video Privacy Protection Act" } ]

[ "Hypertext Transfer Protocol" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15627191", "text": "The Suite Life on Deck is an American teen sitcom that aired on Disney Channel from September 26, 2008, to May 6, 2011. It is a sequel/spin-off of the Disney Channel Original Series The Suite Life of Zack & Cody. The series follows twin brothers Zack and Cody Martin and hotel heiress London Tipton in a new setting, the SS Tipton, where they study-abroad at Seven Seas High School and meet Bailey Pickett while Mr. Moseby manages the ship. The ship travels around the world to nations such as Italy, France, Greece, India, Sweden and the United Kingdom where the characters experience different cultures, adventures, and situations. The series' pilot aired in the UK on September 19, 2008, and in U.S. markets on September 26, 2008. The series premiere on the Disney Channel in the U.S. drew 5.7 million viewers, and it became the most watched series premiere in Canada on the Family Channel. The show was also TV's No. 1 series in Kids 6–11 and No. 1 scripted series in tweens 9–14 in 2008, outpacing veteran series Hannah Montana and Wizards of Waverly Place in the ratings. On October 19, 2009, it was announced that the series had been renewed for a third season, which began production in January 2010 and debuted on July 2, 2010. The series was also 2009's top rated scripted series among all children ages 6 to 14 The series has been broadcast in more than 30 countries worldwide, and was shot at Hollywood Center Studios in Los Angeles (as was the original series). The series was taped in front of a live studio audience, though a laugh track is used for some scenes. The series is the second spin-off of a Disney Channel series (after the short-lived That's So Raven spinoff Cory in the House); as well as the last Disney Channel series to debut broadcasting exclusively in standard definition, and the first of three Disney Channel shows to transition from standard definition to high definition, which occurred on August 7, 2009, with the season 2 premiere, \"The Spy Who Shoved Me\", and the second multi-camera comedy (after Sonny with a Chance) to utilize a filmized appearance instead of the Filmlook appearance that was used in the first season. On March 25, 2011, a film based on The Suite Life on Deck and its parent series, titled The Suite Life Movie aired on the Disney Channel. The series' forty-minute finale episode, \"Graduation on Deck\", aired on Disney Channel on May 6, 2011, officially ending the series. Premise Sometime after the events of the previous series, Mr. Moseby has been transferred to manage the SS Tipton, a cruise ship owned by Mr. Tipton. Aboard the ship, Zack and Cody Martin enroll at Seven Seas High School, a Semester at Sea-like study-abroad program offered on the ship, receiving affordability discounts due to their mother being a Tipton employee. London Tipton is also forced to attend the program under the direction of her father, with Mr. Moseby", "title": "The Suite Life on Deck" } ]

[ "Cole Sprouse" ]

[ { "docid": "1566474", "text": "The Financial District is a neighborhood in San Francisco, California, United States, that serves as its main central business district and had 372,829 jobs according to U.S. census tracts as of 2012-2016. It is home to the city's largest concentration of corporate headquarters, law firms, insurance companies, real estate firms, savings and loan banks, and other financial institutions. Multiple Fortune 500 companies headquartered in San Francisco have their offices in the Financial District, including Wells Fargo, Salesforce, Uber, Gap, and Williams-Sonoma. Since the 1980s, restrictions on high-rise construction have shifted new development to the adjacent South of Market (SoMa) area surrounding the Transbay Transit Center. This area is sometimes called the South Financial District by real estate developers, or simply included as part of the Financial District itself. The early 2020s have seen high office vacancy rates in the Financial District, driven by remote work since the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among tech companies. Several owners of office buildings and hotels have defaulted on their loans, raising concerns about the effect on San Francisco's tax revenues and the financial stability of local government services. The area is marked by the cluster of high-rise towers in the triangular area east of Kearny Street, south of Washington Street, west of the Embarcadero that rings the waterfront, and north of Market Street. The district includes Northern California's two tallest buildings, the Salesforce Tower and the Transamerica Pyramid. Montgomery Street (sometimes called \"Wall Street of the West\") is the traditional heart of the district. History Under Spanish and Mexican rule, the area had been the site of a harbor named Yerba Buena Cove with a small civilian outpost named Yerba Buena that served to support the military population of the Presidio and the Mission Dolores. The sandy, marshy soils of the tip of the San Francisco Peninsula discouraged the Spanish, and later Mexican governments from establishing a preeminent town there, who focused their pueblo settlement efforts in the Pueblo of San José with its extremely fertile land. It was not until 1835 that the first settlers established themselves on the shore of Yerba Buena Cove, with the first town plan surveyed in 1839. Yerba Buena's potential as a seaport made it the eventual center for European and American settlement. After gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevada Foothills in 1848, Yerba Buena's location on the natural harbor of San Francisco Bay acted as a magnet for European and American settlers, as well as gold and job seekers from a multitude of countries. Following Californian independence and American annexation and the California Gold Rush, the area boomed rapidly and the Bay shoreline, which originally ended near Montgomery Street, was filled in and extended to The Embarcadero. Gold Rush wealth and business made it the financial capital of the west coast as many banks and businesses set up in the neighborhood. The west coast's first and only skyscrapers, were built in the area along Market Street. The neighborhood was nearly completely destroyed in the 1906 Earthquake and", "title": "Financial District, San Francisco" } ]

[]

[ "Transamerica Pyramid" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1563859", "text": "\"Fight or Flight\" is the third episode (production #103) of the television series Star Trek: Enterprise. \"Fight or Flight\" was written by Brannon Braga and Rick Berman. Allan Kroeker served as director for the episode; he had previously directed \"Endgame,\" the finale of Star Trek: Voyager. The human starship Enterprise encounters an alien ship that is their first chance of first contact, but find hull breaches and no activity. Captain Archer, Ensign Sato, and Lieutenant Reed board the ship to investigate, and on the ship, Sato soon faces her fears. Plot It is May 2151, and the crew of Enterprise are settling in, and are slowly getting acquainted with one another. The crew is restless as they have not encountered anything new in the past two weeks: Captain Archer is trying to locate a squeak in his ready room and anxious that they have not discovered any worthwhile planets yet; Sub-Commander T'Pol points out that Vulcans don't select their destination by what piques their interest as they don't share humanity's enthusiasm for exploration; Lieutenant Reed and Ensign Mayweather are running weapons simulations which are slightly off; and in Sickbay, Ensign Sato cares for a slug brought back from an away mission. When T'Pol picks up a drifting Axanar vessel on sensors, Enterprise drops out of warp to investigate. The ship shows evidence of weapons fire and bio-signs but does not respond to hails. Archer is eager to make first contact with a new race, but T'Pol recommends non-interference. After discovering multiple hull breaches, an away team in EV suits is dispatched. The alien crew is soon found dead, suspended upside-down with tubes attached to their chests. Spooked, the away team retreat and Enterprise departs. Doctor Phlox and Sato discuss her fears over the incident, and draw parallels between her and the slug being out of their natural environment. Eventually, Archer decides to return to the ship. Phlox discovers the bodies are being harvested for a chemical similar to lymphatic fluid, whilst Commander Tucker restores communications and Sato decodes the Axanar language. When T'Pol warns Archer that a ship is approaching, the crew withdraws to Enterprise, but not before shooting the harvest pump. The alien vessel attacks, but Enterprise cannot return fire accurately due to problems with the targeting scanners. A second Axanar vessel arrives, and Sato persuades them that the alien ship was responsible. They then attack the hostile ship and Enterprise is saved. The episode ends with Sato and Phlox releasing the slug on a new planet. Production Allan Kroeker served as director for the episode; he had previously directed \"Endgame,\" the finale of Star Trek: Voyager, and also \"What You Leave Behind\" the finale of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and many other episodes. Guest star Jeff Rickets who played the Axanar captain returned in \"The Andorian Incident\" to play Keval, one of the Andorian Imperial Guards. The slug that appears in the episode is an Ariolimax, the large yellow slugs are found in Northern California and commonly", "title": "Fight or Flight (Star Trek: Enterprise)" } ]

[ "Jolene Blalock" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1567202", "text": "Yadier Benjamín Molina (; born July 13, 1982), nicknamed \"Yadi\", is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball catcher who played his entire 19-year career with the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB) and who is currently the team's Special Assistant to the President of Baseball Operations. Widely considered one of the greatest defensive catchers of all time for his blocking ability and his caught-stealing percentage, Molina won nine Rawlings Gold Gloves and six Fielding Bible Awards. A two-time World Series champion, he played for Cardinals teams that made 12 playoff appearances and won four National League pennants. Molina also played for the Puerto Rican national team in four World Baseball Classic (WBC) tournaments, winning two silver medals. When he retired after the 2022 season, Molina ranked first all-time among catchers in putouts and second all-time among catchers with 130 Defensive Runs Saved (DRS); among active players, he ranked first with 845 assists, 40.21% of runners caught stealing, and 55 pickoffs. Along with pitcher Adam Wainwright, Molina holds the records for most games started and won as a battery. As a hitter, Molina accrued more than 2,100 hits, 150 home runs, and 1,000 runs batted in (RBIs); he batted over .300 in five seasons. Other distinctions include selection to ten MLB All-Star Games, four Platinum Glove Awards, and one Silver Slugger Award. He was a two-time selection to the All-WBC Tournament Team and was a member of the 2018 MLB Japan All-Star Series. The product of a baseball family, Molina was born in Bayamon, Puerto Rico. His father was an amateur second baseman and the all-time hits leader in Puerto Rican baseball, and his two older brothers, Bengie and José, also developed into standout defensive catchers with lengthy MLB careers. The Cardinals' fourth-round selection in the 2000 MLB draft, Molina entered the major leagues in the 2004 season and quickly showed one of the strongest and most accurate arms in the game. Over his career, he earned a reputation as a team leader, eventually formulating pregame plans to handle opposing hitters, including pitching strategies and fielder positioning. Molina appeared on five NL Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) ballots, including finishing fourth in 2012 and third in 2013. When Hurricane Maria ravaged the island of Puerto Rico in September 2017, Molina began relief efforts for victims of the catastrophe, consequently receiving the Roberto Clemente Award in 2018. Early life Yadier Benjamín Molina was born on July 13, 1982, in Bayamón, Puerto Rico, the youngest of three boys to Gladys Matta and Benjamín Molina, Sr. He attended Maestro Ladislao Martínez High School in Vega Alta. Baseball in Puerto Rico is a significant part of the island's culture. Molina's father played second base as an amateur and worked as a tools technician 10 hours per day in a Westinghouse factory. The all-time hits leader in Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente (or Doble-A Beísbol) history, the elder Molina delivered a .320 career batting average and gained election to the Puerto Rican baseball", "title": "Yadier Molina" } ]

[ "Ichiro Suzuki" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15637876", "text": "The Constitutional Court of Georgia () is the constitutional court of Georgia, the country's judicial body of constitutional review, having the greatest significance with the view of securing constitutional provisions and separation of powers, and protecting human rights and freedoms. The Constitutional Court was established in 1996. The legal basis of its organisation and activity is the Constitution of Georgia, the Organic Law of Georgia \"On the Constitutional Court of Georgia\", and the Rules of the Constitutional Court. The legislation underwent several amendments from 2002 to 2018, the constitutional legal proceedings being made simplified and more expeditious. The Constitutional Court of Georgia was moved from Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia, to Batumi, the main city of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, as part of the process of government decentralization, on 5 July 2007. Structure and composition The Constitutional Court of Georgia consists of nine judges appointed for a term of 10 years. All three branches of state powers participate in the formation of the Constitutional Court on an equal basis—three members are appointed by the President of Georgia, three members are elected by the Parliament by a majority of at least three fifths of the total number of its members, and three members are appointed by the Supreme Court. A judge of the Constitutional Court can be a citizen of Georgia no younger than 35, with a higher legal education and at least 10 years of professional experience. A judge can not have previously held this office. The Constitutional Court elects a chairperson from among its members for a term of 5 years. A person who has already held the position of chairperson of the Constitutional Court can not be re-elected. Powers The Constitutional Court of Georgia has several duties and powers such as to: review the constitutionality of a legal act with respect to the fundamental human rights on the basis of a claim submitted by a natural person, a legal person, or the Public Defender of Georgia; make decisions on the constitutionality of a legal act on the basis of a claim submitted by the President of Georgia, by at least one fifth of the Members of Parliament, or by the Government; on the basis of a submission by a common court, review the constitutionality of a normative act to be applied by the common court when hearing a particular case, and which may contravene the Constitution according to a reasonable assumption of the court; review disputes about the competences of a respective body on the basis of a claim submitted by the President of Georgia, Parliament, the Government, the High Council of Justice, the General Prosecutor, the Board of National Bank, the General Auditor, the Public Defender or the supreme representative or executive body of an autonomous republic; review the constitutionality of international treaties on the basis of a claim submitted by the President of Georgia, the Government, or by at least one fifth of the Members of Parliament; review the constitutionality of activities of a political", "title": "Constitutional Court of Georgia" } ]

[ "dissenting opinions" ]

[ { "docid": "156489", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling and the fifth novel in the Harry Potter series. It follows Harry Potter's struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of the antagonist Lord Voldemort, O.W.L. exams, and an obstructive Ministry of Magic. The novel was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic in the United States, and Raincoast in Canada. It sold five million copies in the first 24 hours of publication. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix won several awards, including the American Library Association Best Book Award for Young Adults in 2003. The book was also made into a 2007 film, and a video game by Electronic Arts. Plot During the summer, Harry Potter is frustrated by his friends' non-communication and with Dumbledore barring him from helping combat a newly-resurgent Lord Voldemort. One evening, Dementors attack him and cousin Dudley, but Harry fends them off using the Patronus Charm. Later, Order of the Phoenix members arrive at the Dursley house to evacuate Harry. They whisk him off to Number 12, Grimmauld Place, Sirius Black's family home, which is now the Order's headquarters. Ron and Hermione are there and tell Harry that the Order is a secret organisation that Dumbledore created to fight Voldemort and the Death Eaters. Harry wants to join, but is too young. The Ministry of Magic, under Cornelius Fudge, attempt to malign Harry for stating that Voldemort has returned. Harry is also charged with performing underage magic while with a Muggle, but is exonerated and returns to Hogwarts. Dolores Umbridge, a senior Ministry employee, is the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. She initiates strict rules and a textbook-only curriculum and forbids the students from practicing defensive spells. Harry, Ron, and Hermione form a secret student Defense group called Dumbledore's Army. The group secretly meets in the Room of Requirement to practice under Harry's instruction. One night, Harry dreams that Arthur Weasley is attacked by Voldemort's snake, Nagini. His vision is true, and Arthur is found seriously injured at the Ministry. Dumbledore realises that Harry's and Voldemort's minds are connected, and he orders Professor Snape to teach Harry Occlumency, a skill to close one's mind against others. Umbridge is tipped-off about Dumbledore's Army; to prevent Harry's expulsion, Dumbledore claims responsibility for forming the group. To avoid arrest, he goes into hiding. Umbridge is appointed headmistress, though she is magically barred from entering Dumbledore's tower, and begins enacting strict rules and regulations. Harry's Occlumency lessons go poorly. During his Ordinary Wizarding Level exams, he envisions Voldemort torturing Sirius in the Department of Mysteries at the Ministry. Harry attempts to contact Sirius at Grimmauld Place, using the Floo Network in Umbridge's office, but she catches and interrogates him, threatening to use the Cruciatus Curse on him. Hermione intervenes by concocting a story that leads them into the Forbidden Forest. Umbridge", "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" } ]

[ { "docid": "156587", "text": "The Death Eaters are characters featured in the Harry Potter series of novels and films. They are a radical group of wizards and witches, led by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who seek to purify the wizarding community by eliminating wizards and witches born to non-magical parents. They attempt to create a new order within the Ministry of Magic by spreading fear through the wizarding community and murdering those who speak out against them. Their primary opposition is the Order of the Phoenix. Death Eaters recognise one another by the Dark Mark, a sigil branded on each of their left forearms that allows Voldemort to summon any of them instantly. Their typical attire includes black hooded robes and masks. The Death Eaters as a group first appeared in the novel Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, although individual members of the group, such as Severus Snape, Lucius Malfoy, and Peter Pettigrew had appeared in earlier books in the series. The group had also been mentioned indirectly in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, when followers of Voldemort were mentioned. They were mentioned the first time directly in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Synopsis Pre-Harry Potter The Death Eaters first existed over 11 years before the events of the books, torturing and murdering Muggles (people without magical abilities), as well as anyone who opposed them, including wizards who support Muggles (such as the Weasley family). Around 10 years after the Death Eaters first surfaced, a Seer named Sybill Trelawney made a prophecy about a boy who would have the power to defeat Voldemort forever. The prophecy could have referred to two different boys, Harry Potter or Neville Longbottom; however, Voldemort chose Harry as said in the prophecy, that \"the Dark Lord would mark him as his equal\". As Voldemort was a half-blood, he chose his \"equal\", Harry, whose mother was a Muggle-born witch, instead of Neville, who came from a long line of pure-blooded wizards. Acting on information from James and Lily Potter's Secret-Keeper Peter Pettigrew, Voldemort attempted to complete the prophecy and kill his infant rival. Due to Harry's mother's sacrifice to save her son, Voldemort's deadly curse rebounded off Harry and disembodied Voldemort. With Voldemort vanquished after failing to kill Harry Potter, the Death Eaters largely disbanded and vanished. The Ministry rounded many of them up and imprisoned them in the Wizarding prison Azkaban, but some eluded justice by claiming they were bewitched by the Imperius Curse (it is implied that Lucius Malfoy did so) or by turning in other Death Eaters, as Igor Karkaroff did; Harry witnesses Karkaroff's testimony against former Death Eaters in Albus Dumbledore's Pensieve during the course of the series. It appears that very few Death Eaters stood for their fallen master and proudly went to Azkaban for him (like Bellatrix Lestrange), since, in the sixth book, Snape states that if Voldemort had refused to welcome back all those who turned their backs", "title": "Death Eater" } ]

[ "Sirius" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15628625", "text": "As defined by the Austrian School of economics the marginal use of a good or service is the specific use to which an agent would put a given increase, or the specific use of the good or service that would be abandoned in response to a given decrease. The usefulness of the marginal use thus corresponds to the marginal utility of the good or service. On the assumption that an agent is economically rational, each increase would be put to the specific, feasible, previously unrealized use of greatest priority, and each decrease would result in abandonment of the use of lowest priority amongst the uses to which the good or service had been put. And, in the absence of a complementarity across uses, the “law” of diminishing marginal utility will obtain. The Austrian School of economics explicitly arrives at its conception of marginal utility as the utility of the marginal use, and “Grenznutzen” (the Austrian School term from which “marginal utility” was originally derived in translation) literally means border-use; other schools usually do not make an explicit connection. See also Marginalism References Marginal concepts Consumer theory Utility Austrian School", "title": "Marginal use" } ]

[ "the continental shelf" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15643468", "text": "\"A Beautiful Sunset\" is the eleventh issue of the Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight series of comic books, a continuation of the television series of the same name. It is written by series creator Joss Whedon. Plot Buffy reflects on her long history of being a Slayer and awakening the thousands of other girls around the world. In flashbacks of her narrative it is clear that in each battle the Scoobies and the others have fought came with sacrifice, but in a way, came with connection as well. Buffy admits that while it can be a bother sacrificing her life as well as others, it has always been done for the better. She has grown, she has moved on to the better and potential she always knew that she could live up to. Next, Xander and Buffy discuss a major problem: Simone Doffler. Xander tells Buffy that they tried to remove Simone from her rough, urban environment, but see her on a security tape stealing ammunition and other things in a robbery, the unconscious bodies of two guards are also found in the tapes. Buffy feels worried that she is not making a big change in the Slayer community and feels that what the government and everyone else thinks is true, slayers are acting above the law and she is not making the difference she says she is making. Xander comforts her and reassures her that things are going to be all right. The two then reflect on the revelation that Buffy stole from a lucrative bank to support her and the Slayer army and how she and Willow are having complex issues. Xander suggests that she ease her worries by going on a vampire hunt; Buffy decides to bring a \"date\", namely Satsu. While the other Slayers and giant Dawn are celebrating at a huge party to ease their recent stresses, Buffy gears up to go on her vampire hunt. Satsu follows and Buffy forces her into the vampire lair. While the two are slaying, Buffy discusses how she knows that it was Satsu who gave her the kiss of true love when Buffy was bound in a magical sleep. While Buffy appreciates the gesture as kind and sweet, she is not interested in Satsu in a romantic way. Buffy tells Satsu of her romantic history and how all of her relationships, be it romantic, family, or friends, end with someone being hurt. Buffy states that there is something wrong with her, that everyone notices that something around her is wrong, that she can never really love, and like all Slayers, will be alone. She breaks down in tears but the moment is interrupted with a surprise attack from the malevolent Twilight. Satsu is knocked out, while Buffy and Twilight have a brawl in the air. Twilight bests Buffy in battle with moves she has never witnessed and takes her fear of flight to a whole new level by taking the fight into the air above the town.", "title": "A Beautiful Sunset" } ]

[ "Jody ( Johnny Whitaker )", "Buffy ( Anissa Jones )" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15621279", "text": "Henry VIII and his reign have frequently been depicted in art, film, literature, music, opera, plays, and television. Art Lucas de Heere: The Family of Henry VIII Hans Eworth: Henry VIII (c. 1545) Hans Holbein the Younger: Portrait of Henry VIII, The Dynasty Portrait, and Henry VIII and the Barber-Surgeons (1540) Lucas Horenbout: Untitled Miniature of King Henry (c. 1526) Daniel Maclise: Henry Meeting Anne at Hampton Court Guido Mazzoni: Untitled Bust of Prince Henry (c. 1498) Joos van Cleve: Henry VIII (c. 1535) Willard Wigan: The Six Wives of Henry VIII Film Aladdin and the Adventure of All Time: Jim Cummings and Stuart Pankin Anna Boleyn: Emil Jannings Anne of the Thousand Days: Richard Burton (for which Burton was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor) Book Revue: Mel Blanc Cardinal Wolsey (1912): Tefft Johnson Carry On Henry: Sid James God's Outlaw: Keith Barron Henry the Ache (1934, Short): Bert Lahr Henry VIII (1911): Arthur Bourchier Henry VIII and His Six Wives: Keith Michell Inside Llewyn Davis: Llewyn performs a song about Henry and Jane Seymour for Grossman Intolerable Cruelty: Miles references Henry A Man for All Seasons: Robert Shaw (for which Shaw was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor) Monarch (2000): T.P. McKenna The Other Boleyn Girl: Eric Bana The Pearls of the Crown: Lyn Harding The Prince and the Pauper (1920): Albert Schreiber The Prince and the Pauper (1937): Montagu Love The Prince and the Pauper (1977): Charlton Heston The Private Life of Henry VIII: Charles Laughton (for which Laughton won the Academy Award for Best Actor) The Sword and the Rose: James Robertson Justice Tudor Rose: Frank Cellier U.F.O.: Rusty Goffe When Knighthood Was in Flower: Lyn Harding Young Bess: Charles Laughton Internet Epic Rap Battles of History: Henry VIII is featured in a canceled, but later launched, episode of the webseries in a rap battle with Hillary Clinton. In the conflict, comparisons between the king's intimate life and the Monicagate controversy are made. Literature Suzannah Dunn: The Confessions of Katherine Howard, The Queen of Subtleties, and The Sixth Wife Carolly Erickson: The First Elizabeth, Mistress Anne, and The Last Wife of Henry VIII Antonia Fraser: The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1993) Margaret George: The Autobiography of Henry VIII Philippa Gregory: The Other Boleyn Girl Diane Haeger: The Secret Bride, The Queen's Mistake, The Queen's Rival, I, Jane Cynthia Harrod-Eagles: The Morland Dynasty, and \"The Dark Rose\" Virginia Henley: A Woman of Passion Eleanor Hibbert: Shadow of the Pomegranate, Katharine the Virgin Widow, King's Secret Matter, The Lady in the Tower: The Wives of Henry VIII, Murder Most Royal, Mary, Queen of France, St. Thomas's Eve, and The Sixth Wife Ivery Kirk, Luna Teague: One Does Not Simply Walk into Tudor Charles Major: When Knighthood Was in Flower Hilary Mantel: Wolf Hall, Bring Up the Bodies and The Mirror and the Light Maureen Peters: Henry VIII and His Six Wives (a novelization of the 1972 film) C. J. Sansom: Dissolution, Dark", "title": "Cultural depictions of Henry VIII" } ]

[ "Karyn Parsons" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15618177", "text": "The Maxwell Land Grant, also known as the Beaubien-Miranda Land Grant, was a Mexican land grant in Colfax County, New Mexico, and part of adjoining Las Animas County, Colorado. This 1841 land grant was one of the largest contiguous private landholdings in the history of the United States. The New Mexico communities of Cimarron, Dawson, Elizabethtown, Baldy Town, Maxwell, Miami, Raton, Rayado, Springer, Ute Park and Vermejo Park came to be located within the grant, as well as numerous places that are now ghost towns. The governor of New Mexico (then part of Mexico) awarded the grant to Mexican citizens Carlos Beaubien and Guadalupe Miranda in 1841. Boundaries at first were vague. The owners encouraged settlement on the grant lands. Beaubien's son-in-law Lucien B. Maxwell attained ownership of the grant and sold it to European investors in 1870. Gold and coal mining, ranching, and agriculture were the principal economic activities on grant lands. The grant had been established and first settled on the basis of Mexican land law and practices. Anglo land law clashed with Mexican law resulting in many legal disputes about the ownership of grant lands and rights of the owners, settlers, and miners. In the Colfax County War and Stonewall incident in the 1870s and 1880s several people were killed and the U.S. military had to be called in to maintain order. By 1900, the ownership disputes had been resolved by the Supreme Court of the United States in favor of the European investors, settlers had been expelled from the grant, and the European owners began selling off portions of the land. Owners of the land within the grant in the 20th and 21st century include the Vermejo Park Ranch, Philmont Scout Ranch, the National Rifle Association of America, the Maxwell National Wildlife Refuge, Fishers Peak State Park, and the U.S. Forest Service. Geography The Maxwell Land grant has an area of in New Mexico and southern Colorado. The grant lands measure almost from north to south and from east to west, reaching from the Great Plains to the crest of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. The highest elevation in the grant is Culebra Peak near its northwestern border in Colorado with an elevation of and the lowest elevation is near the town of Springer, New Mexico at its southeastern border. The northern boundaries of the Maxwell grant are the south bank and southern tributaries of the Purgatoire River in Colorado from its headwaters near Culebra Peak downstream almost to the city of Trinidad, Colorado. The summit of Fishers Peak is the northeastern corner of the grant. In New Mexico the grant area contains the headwaters of the Canadian River and its tributaries the Cimmaron, Vermejo, and Rayado rivers. The southeastern boundary is near the town of Springer and extends westward almost to the 21st century Angel Fire Resort. Raton, New Mexico (2020 population: 6,041) is the largest town within the boundaries of the grant. Vegetation types are typical of New Mexico and correspond to elevation. Steppe", "title": "Maxwell Land Grant" } ]

[ "Kerr County , Texas" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15638263", "text": "The 2008 Texas Democratic presidential primary and caucuses were a series of events to determine the delegates that the Texas Democratic Party sent to the 2008 Democratic National Convention. Delegates were selected using results from two sources: the Texas Presidential Primary held on March 4 by the Secretary of State of Texas's office, and a series of caucus events held between March 4 and June 7 by the Texas Democratic Party. The indecisive results of Super Tuesday, and the fact that Texas had the largest number of delegates among the states remaining on the Democratic primary calendar, resulted in the Texas primary receiving significant attention from both the Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama campaigns. Of 12,752,417 registered voters, 22.49% turned out. The contest between the two candidates was very close: Senator Hillary Clinton won the primary, while her opponent, Senator Barack Obama, received more support in the caucuses. In the end, Obama secured 99 pledged delegates to Clinton's 94. Delegate breakdown The Texas Democratic Party sent a total of 228 delegates to the 2008 Democratic National Convention. Of those delegates, 193 were pledged and 35 were unpledged. Most of the 193 pledged delegates were allocated at the National Convention according to the results of the Texas Presidential Primary on March 4. The 35 unpledged delegates were popularly called \"superdelegates\" because their votes represented their personal decisions, whereas the regular delegates' votes represented the collective decision of many voters. Superdelegates were free to vote for any candidate at the National Convention and were selected by the Texas Democratic Party's officials. The 193 pledged delegates were further divided into 126 district delegates and 67 statewide delegates. The 126 district delegates were divided among Texas's 31 Senatorial Districts and were allocated to the presidential candidates based on the primary results in each District. The 67 statewide delegates were divided into 42 at-large delegates and 25 Party Leaders and Elected Officials (abbreviated PLEOs). They were allocated to the presidential candidates based on the preference of the delegates at the State Convention on June 6–7. Of the 35 unpledged delegates, 32 were selected in advance and 3 were selected at the State Convention. The delegates selected in advance were 17 Democratic National Committee members, the 13 Democratic U.S. Representatives from Texas, and 2 Distinguished Party Leaders: former U.S. House Speaker Jim Wright and former DNC chairman Robert Schwarz Strauss. Delegate selection process The Texas Democratic Party used a combination of two processes to select delegates and determine how they would be allocated to each presidential candidate. First, the Party used the results of the primary process to determine how 126 of its 193 pledged delegates would be allocated to each candidate. Second, the Party used the caucus process to select its precinct, county, state, and national delegates, and also to determine how many of the remaining 67 pledged delegates would be allocated to each candidate. Many states require that candidates receive at least 15% of the total votes to receive delegates. The Texas Democratic Party", "title": "2008 Texas Democratic presidential primary and caucuses" } ]

[ "2007" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "156587", "text": "The Death Eaters are characters featured in the Harry Potter series of novels and films. They are a radical group of wizards and witches, led by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who seek to purify the wizarding community by eliminating wizards and witches born to non-magical parents. They attempt to create a new order within the Ministry of Magic by spreading fear through the wizarding community and murdering those who speak out against them. Their primary opposition is the Order of the Phoenix. Death Eaters recognise one another by the Dark Mark, a sigil branded on each of their left forearms that allows Voldemort to summon any of them instantly. Their typical attire includes black hooded robes and masks. The Death Eaters as a group first appeared in the novel Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, although individual members of the group, such as Severus Snape, Lucius Malfoy, and Peter Pettigrew had appeared in earlier books in the series. The group had also been mentioned indirectly in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, when followers of Voldemort were mentioned. They were mentioned the first time directly in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Synopsis Pre-Harry Potter The Death Eaters first existed over 11 years before the events of the books, torturing and murdering Muggles (people without magical abilities), as well as anyone who opposed them, including wizards who support Muggles (such as the Weasley family). Around 10 years after the Death Eaters first surfaced, a Seer named Sybill Trelawney made a prophecy about a boy who would have the power to defeat Voldemort forever. The prophecy could have referred to two different boys, Harry Potter or Neville Longbottom; however, Voldemort chose Harry as said in the prophecy, that \"the Dark Lord would mark him as his equal\". As Voldemort was a half-blood, he chose his \"equal\", Harry, whose mother was a Muggle-born witch, instead of Neville, who came from a long line of pure-blooded wizards. Acting on information from James and Lily Potter's Secret-Keeper Peter Pettigrew, Voldemort attempted to complete the prophecy and kill his infant rival. Due to Harry's mother's sacrifice to save her son, Voldemort's deadly curse rebounded off Harry and disembodied Voldemort. With Voldemort vanquished after failing to kill Harry Potter, the Death Eaters largely disbanded and vanished. The Ministry rounded many of them up and imprisoned them in the Wizarding prison Azkaban, but some eluded justice by claiming they were bewitched by the Imperius Curse (it is implied that Lucius Malfoy did so) or by turning in other Death Eaters, as Igor Karkaroff did; Harry witnesses Karkaroff's testimony against former Death Eaters in Albus Dumbledore's Pensieve during the course of the series. It appears that very few Death Eaters stood for their fallen master and proudly went to Azkaban for him (like Bellatrix Lestrange), since, in the sixth book, Snape states that if Voldemort had refused to welcome back all those who turned their backs", "title": "Death Eater" } ]

[ "Bonham Carter" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "156475", "text": "Jean-Pierre Boyer (; 15 February 1776 – 9 July 1850) was one of the leaders of the Haitian Revolution, and the president of Haiti from 1818 to 1843. He reunited the north and south of the country into the Republic of Haiti in 1820 and also annexed the newly independent Spanish Haiti (Santo Domingo), which brought all of Hispaniola under one Haitian government by 1822. Serving as president for just under 25 years, Boyer managed to rule for the longest period of time of any Haitian leader. Early life and education Boyer was born in Port-au-Prince and was the biracial son of a French tailor and an African mother, a former slave from the Congo. He was sent to France by his father for his education. During the French Revolution, he fought as a battalion commander, and fought against Toussaint Louverture in the early years of the Haitian Revolution. He later allied himself with André Rigaud, also of mulatto ancestry, in the latter's abortive insurrection against Toussaint to try to keep control of the southern region of Saint-Domingue. After going into exile in France, Boyer and Alexandre Pétion returned in 1802 with the French troops led by General Charles Leclerc. After it became clear the French were going to try to reimpose slavery and restrictions on free gens de couleur, Boyer joined the patriots under Pétion and Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who led the colony to independence. After Pétion rose to power in the Republic of Haiti in the South, he chose Boyer as his successor. He was reportedly under the influence of his (and his predecessor's) lover, Marie-Madeleine Lachenais, who acted as his political adviser. When Santo Domingo became independent late in 1821, Boyer was quick to occupy and gain control, uniting the entire island under his rule by 9 February 1822. Boyer ruled the island of Hispaniola until 1843, when he lost the support of the ruling elite and was ousted. Military career After the uprising of African slaves in the north of Saint-Domingue in 1791, Boyer joined with the French Commissioners and went there to fight against the grand blancs (plantation owners) and royalists. In 1794, Saint-Domingue was invaded by British forces trying to capitalize on the current unrest to capture the colony. Boyer went to Jacmel, where he joined forces with mulatto leader, General André Rigaud. While other mulatto leaders surrendered to Toussaint Louverture in southern Saint-Domingue, Boyer escaped to France with Rigaud and Alexandre Pétion. At the time, the United States supported French efforts to re-establish control over the colony, and France dispatched 20,000 troops to Saint-Dominingue. Boyer traveled to Paris, where he stayed until 1801. Next, he returned to Haiti to protest the independence that Toussaint Louverture had just achieved. By early 1802, Rigaud and other leaders learned that the French intended to take away the civil rights of mulattoes and re-institute slavery for former slaves in Saint-Domingue (as they had managed to do in Guadeloupe.) They sent General LeClerc to defeat the rebels, and over", "title": "Jean-Pierre Boyer" } ]

[ "Toussaint L'Ouverture", "self - liberated slaves" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1565055", "text": "Russ Parsons is an American food writer and columnist. He served as the food editor and columnist of the Los Angeles Times for more than 25 years before leaving in 2015. He has written about food for more than 30 years, including his career at The Times, where he also served as managing editor and deputy editor. He is the author of the cookbooks How to Read a French Fry and How to Pick a Peach, which were published by Houghton-Mifflin. In 2008 he was inducted into the James Beard Foundation's Who's Who of Food and Beverage, the hall of fame of American cooking. He has won many food journalism awards, including those from the International Association of Culinary Professionals, the Association of Food Journalists, the James Beard Foundation and the Missouri Lifestyle Journalism Awards. How to Read a French Fry was a finalist for two Julia Child cookbook awards. How to Pick a Peach, published in 2007, was named one of the best 100 books of the year by both Publishers Weekly and Amazon. Before coming to The Times, he was food editor at the Los Angeles Times Syndicate, food editor at the Los Angeles Herald Examiner and food editor at the Albuquerque Tribune. Parsons has been a journalist for more than 30 years, covering everything from high school football and professional rodeo to cops and courts and country music. He is cousin to author Jennifer Crusie. He has a wife and one daughter. Bibliography How to Read a French Fry: And Other Stories of Intriguing Kitchen Science (, 2003) How to Pick a Peach: The Search for Flavor from Farm to Table References External links LA Times Food Section American food writers Living people James Beard Foundation Award winners Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Russ Parsons" } ]

[ "1961" ]

[ { "docid": "15641014", "text": "Blackfield is a village in Hampshire, England. It is within the parish of Fawley, which is part of the ward of Fawley, Blackfield and Langley. Schools The local school is Blackfield Primary (previously divided into Blackfield Infants, and Blackfield Junior Schools). The catchment secondary school for Blackfield is New Forest Academy. History The name \"Blackfields\" was originally applied to an area of countryside near the village of Fawley, and there is still a Blackwell Common next to Blackfield. The name presumably derives from the soil colour, some of which is marshy and black. The settlement of Blackfield began in the late 19th century when, at first mud cottages, and then later, small red-brick houses were built in the area of moorland once known as Hugh's Common. It was close to the small village of Langley. Sport and leisure Blackfield has a Non-League football club Blackfield & Langley F.C., which plays at The Gang Warily Community & Recreation Centre. In 2020, Hampshire County Council announced plans to close the village library. Demographics As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, Blackfield had a population of 5,848. The town is primarily Christians, with 2,748 people declaring their religion as Christianity. Notes External links Blackfield Primary School website Hardley School website Villages in Hampshire", "title": "Blackfield, Hampshire" } ]

[]

[ "Christianity" ]

[ { "docid": "1563227", "text": "The King of Kings: The Early Years, often shorted to The King of Kings, is an unlicensed Christian Platforming NES game published in 1991 by Wisdom Tree, the creators of Bible Adventures. Gameplay Gameplay was split into three games, each illustrating a Bible story relating to the early years of Jesus. In all the games the health points are measured by scrolls, and more scrolls can be earned by answering trivia questions about the King James Version of the Bible. After a game is chosen at the main screen, the player has the choice between two game difficulties (Normal and Easy) and whether the music is on or off. Game 1: The Wise Men In this game, the player takes the vantage point of one after another of the three Biblical Magi who travel to baby Jesus on the first Christmas collecting their specific gifts (frankincense, myrrh, and gold) along with scrolls, that initiate a question each related to the King James Version of the Bible. The background music consists of the carol \"We Three Kings\". The game itself is a side-scroller in which the player controls a camel on which one of the Wise Men are riding. He must get to the end of every level while defeating enemies that are encountered with an attack which the camel appears to spit some projectile that destroys all enemies in one hit. Game 2: Flight to Egypt In this game, the player takes the vantage point of Joseph, Mary, and baby Jesus traveling to Egypt for safety from King Herod. The background music consists of the carol \"Go Tell It on the Mountain\". The game controls and feel are very similar to \"The Wise Men\", but instead of a camel, the player controls a donkey, and the attack is a kick from the donkey. The course spirals up and is completed once the player reaches the top. Game 3: Jesus and the Temple This game alludes to the story which Jesus is left behind at the Temple in Jerusalem at the age of 12. The player takes the vantage point of Joseph, who is traveling to Jerusalem to find Jesus. The background music consists of the carol \"What Child Is This?\", a.k.a. \"Greensleeves\". The character is controlled in a side-scrolling manner, though in this game the player has more control over how high and low he can travel. The player controls Saint Joseph instead of an animal this time, and the level is completed when Joseph reaches the right-most side of the course. References Christian video games Christmas video games Nintendo Entertainment System games 1991 video games Unauthorized video games Wisdom Tree games North America-exclusive video games Nintendo Entertainment System-only games Video games about children Video games developed in the United States Video games set in the Middle East Video games set in Egypt Video games set in Jerusalem Video games based on the Bible Works based on the New Testament Single-player video games", "title": "King of Kings: The Early Years" } ]

[]

[ "frankincense", "gold", "myrrh" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1565771", "text": "Tom Chapin (born March 13, 1945) is an American musician, entertainer, singer-songwriter, and storyteller. Chapin is known for the song \"Happy Birthday\", released in 1989 in his Moonboat album. It takes its melody from \"Love Unspoken\", a song featured in the opera The Merry Widow by Franz Lehar. Biography Chapin is the son of Jim Chapin and the brother of Harry Chapin. He graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School. He attended State University of New York at Plattsburgh where he played basketball and baseball. Chapin is a member of the school's 1000 Point Club in basketball and is a 1986 inductee of the Plattsburgh State Athletic Hall of Fame. He graduated in 1966. From 1971 to 1976, Chapin hosted Make a Wish, an Emmy and Peabody Award-winning Sunday-morning children's TV series broadcast on ABC. He occasionally appears in Harry Chapin tribute concerts (often with brother Steve Chapin). He has appeared in the Broadway production Pump Boys and Dinettes, among others. Chapin has branched in to the storytelling festival circuit and in 2007 was a Featured New Voices Teller at the National Storytelling Festival in Jonesborough, Tennessee. He is married to Bonnie Chapin (née Broecker), former wife of film director Wes Craven and sister of Wallace Smith Broecker. His daughters and stepdaughter are musicians as well; they perform as the Chapin Sisters. Activism In April 2008, Chapin appeared at the New York State United Teachers' Convention, where he sang his song \"Not on the Test\" for delegates in support of the importance of arts and music education in the age of No Child Left Behind. This song debuted on NPR's Morning Edition in January 2007. His album with John Forster titled Broadsides: A Miscellany of Musical Opinion is a collection of socially conscious songs written for Morning Edition; Forster was nominated for a Grammy for his work producing Chapin's 1998 album In My Hometown. Chapin continues support of WhyHunger (formerly World Hunger Year), a nonprofit organization cofounded by his brother Harry Chapin. He sits on their board of directors. Awards 1990 NACA Campus Entertainment Award (NACA) 1991 Best Children's Album Mother Earth (New York Music Awards) 1992 Best Children's Album Billy The Squid (New York Music Awards) 1992 Omicron Delta Kappa (initiated at SUNY Plattsburgh) 1997 Kate Wolf Memorial Award (World Folk Music Association) 2001 Grammy Award: Best Spoken Word Album For Children, Mama Don't Allow 2002 Grammy Award: Best Spoken Word Album For Children, There Was an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Fly 2004 Grammy Award: Best Spoken Word Album For Children, The Train They Call the City of New Orleans 2008 American Eagle Award (National Music Council of the United States) Magic Penny Award (The Children's Music Network) MENC Fame Award (The National Association for Music Education) 2020 Spirit of The Hudson Award (Hudson River Sloop Clearwater Org.) Discography Albums Life Is Like That (1976, Sundance Music) In The City of Mercy (1982, Sundance Music) Let Me Back into Your Life (1986, Flying Fish Records) Family Tree (1988, A&M)", "title": "Tom Chapin" } ]

[ "Don Henley" ]

[ { "docid": "15618602", "text": "Mosque of Omar, Masjid Umar, Masjid-e-Umar, Al-Omari Mosque or Mosque of Omar ibn al-Khattab is a name given to many mosques, usually referring to Omar, a companion of Muhammad and Caliph (579-644) recognized by Sunni Muslims in the succession to Muhammad. Masjid is the Arabic word for a place of worship, commonly translated as mosque in English. Notable examples Notable ones include (alphabetically, by city): Al-Omari Grand Mosque, Beirut, Lebanon Mosque of Omar (Bethlehem), West Bank, Palestine Al-Omari Mosque (Bosra), Syria Al-Omari Mosque (Daraa), Syria. The Daraa mosque was allegedly built during the rule of Caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab in the seventh century. Its minaret collapsed after being shelled in 2013. Al Farooq Omar Bin Al Khattab Mosque, Dubai, UAE Omar ibn al-Khattab Mosque, Dumat al-Jandal, Saudi Arabia Mesquita Omar Ibn Al-Khatab, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil Great Mosque of Gaza also known as al-Omari Mosque, Gaza City, Palestine Omari Mosque (Jabalia), Gaza Strip, Palestine (see Jabalia#History) Mosque of Omar (Jerusalem) Musalla of Omar (Mosque of Omar), Jerusalem: the east wing of the al-Aqsa Mosque (al-Qibli Mosque) Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem: in the past also known in the West as Mosque of Omar Sidna Omar mosque, Jerusalem Umar Mosque (Leicester), UK Mosque of Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, Maicao, Colombia Others United Kingdom Birmingham Bradford Cardiff Darlaston Gloucester Huddersfield London, Barking district of East London, where convicted terrorist plotter Umar Haque attended Nottingham Sheffield United States Baltimore Brownstown Charter Township, Michigan Columbus, Ohio Kingston, New York Washington, D.C. Paterson, New Jersey Latin America & the Caribbean Omar Mosque, San José, Costa Rica Omar Bin Al-Khattab Mosque, Willemstad, Curaçao References Lists of mosques", "title": "Mosque of Omar" } ]

[]

[ "worship" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15676165", "text": "Andrew William Dunn BSC is a British cinematographer, best known for his collaborations with Robert Altman, Nicholas Hytner, Lee Daniels and Mick Jackson. He is the recipient of three BAFTA Awards, a British Society of Cinematographers Award and an Evening Standard British Film Award. Dunn is well known for his work on Threads (1984), Edge of Darkness (1985), L.A. Story (1991), The Bodyguard (1992), The Madness of King George (1994), The Crucible (1996), Gosford Park (2001), The History Boys (2006), Precious (2009), Crazy, Stupid, Love (2011), Perks of Being a Wallflower (2012), Lee Daniels' The Butler (2013) and The United States vs. Billie Holiday (2021) among others. Early life Andrew Dunn was born in London, England. He grew up around cinema, as his father worked for MGM Studios. Dunn started making films in his early teens, and then joined the BBC whilst studying film at the University of Westminster (formerly London Polytechnic). Filmography Feature films Television TV films Awards 1985 — British Academy of Film and Television Arts TV Award - Best Film Cameraman for: Threads (1984) 1986 — British Academy of Film and Television Arts TV Award - Best Film Cameraman for: Edge of Darkness (1985) 1989 — British Academy of Film and Television Arts TV Award - Best Film Cameraman for: Tumbledown (1988) 1995 — British Society of Cinematographers - Best Cinematography Award for: The Madness of King George (1994) 1996 — Evening Standard British Film Award - Best Technical/Artistic Achievement for: The Madness of King George (1994) Further reading (2006) \"Andrew Dunn\" Contemporary Theatre, Film, and Television: A biographical guide featuring performers, directors, writers, producers, designers, managers, choreographers, technicians, composers, executives, dancers, and critics in the United States, Canada, Great Britain and the world Vol. 65, Thomson Gale, Detroit, References External links English cinematographers Living people Place of birth missing (living people) 1950 births", "title": "Andrew Dunn (cinematographer)" } ]

[ "Nigel Hawthorne" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1566853", "text": "\"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson recorded for his sixth studio album Thriller (1982). It is the opening track of the album and was released as its fourth single on May 9, 1983, by Epic Records. It was written and co-produced by Jackson and produced by Quincy Jones. The lyrics pertain to strangers spreading rumors to start an argument for no good reason. \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" evokes the disco sound of Jackson's previous studio album, Off the Wall, released in 1979. The song is characterized by a complex rhythm arrangement and a distinctive horn arrangement. \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" became Jackson's fourth consecutive top 10 single from Thriller on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number five. The song also topped the charts in Canada as well as the Netherlands and charted within the top 20 and top 30 in several countries. It was generally well received by contemporary music critics. As part of the release of Thriller 25, a remix of \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\", titled \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008 with Akon\", was recorded with Akon, and released as the second single from the album. The remix was commercially successful, mainly charting within the top 10 in six countries, as well as the top 20 in several territories worldwide and top 40 in Canada. It was more successful internationally than in the United States, having peaked on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 81, which was the song's lowest charting position. Unlike previous singles from Thriller, \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" did not have a music video to accompany it but was performed by Jackson on world concert tours as both a member of The Jacksons and as a solo artist. Following Jackson's death in June 2009, the song re-entered music charts worldwide. \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" has been covered and sampled by multiple recording artists since its release, notably by Rihanna in her 2007 song \"Don't Stop the Music\", who was sued as a result. Aside from Thriller, the song appears on multiple compilation and greatest hits albums by Jackson. Background \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" was written, composed and co-produced by Michael Jackson, and produced by Quincy Jones. It was originally written for his sister La Toya Jackson about her troubled relationship with her sisters-in-law, but Michael ended up recording the song, and La Toya sometimes performs the song at her concerts. The song was originally recorded in 1978 for the inclusion on the Off the Wall album, but was later re-recorded in fall 1982, in Los Angeles, California. \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" was one of the four songs that Jackson received writing credits on for his sixth studio album Thriller in 1982. The song was released by Epic Records as the fourth single from the album. Unlike Thrillers previous singles, \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" did not have a film or a music video released to promote it. Aside from Thriller, \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" has appeared on multiple compilation and", "title": "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" } ]

[ "November 30 , 1982" ]

[ { "docid": "15662132", "text": "Mauricio Navarro (born April 7, 1966) is a Canadian soccer referee. Navarro was born in Chile but later moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and became a Canadian citizen. He attained his FIFA badge in 2000 and went on to become one of Canada's most successful referees before retiring and the end of 2011, having reached the mandatory retirement age. Career After just one year on the FIFA list, Navarro was appointed to the 2001 Copa America, hosted in Colombia. He officiated just one match, the Group C opener between Bolivia and Uruguay, which Bolivia won 1-0. Navarro later described this match as one of the most difficult of his career. Navarro's next major appointment was to the 2003 Gold Cup, where he officiated three matches, one in the group stage, a Quarter-final, and then the Final. 2003 Gold Cup Final At his retirement, Navarro describes the 2003 Gold Cup final between Mexico, and reigning World Champions Brazil, as the pinnacle of his career. He had officiated both teams already in the tournament; Brazil in the Group Stage and Mexico in the Quarter-finals. In 2007, Navarro was appointed to the Gold Cup, where he refereed the Group Stage match between Panama and Honduras and the Quarter-Final match between Honduras and Guadeloupe. The same year he was selected to work the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup, which was hosted in Canada. Unfortunately, due to injury he did not referee any matches, instead only acting as a 4th Official. 2008 CONCACAF Champions Cup Final Navarro was selected, along with Canadian Assistant Referees Hector Vergara and Joe Fletcher to officiate the decisive second leg of the 2008 CONCACAF Champions Cup. For Navarro, this came after three successive semi-final appointments in the past three years of the tournament. This was the final match ever of the tournament, as beginning the following season it was replaced with the current CONCACAF Champions League. Final international match Navarro's final international appointment came on November 15, 2011 when he officiated the reigning World Champions Spain and Costa Rica. The initial plan was for Hector Vergara to work the match too, so the friends Navarro and Vergara could officiate their final match together, but Vergara had work commitments and was unable to accept the game. International competitions officiated 2014 FIFA World Cup Qualification CONCACAF Champions League 2010 FIFA World Cup Qualification CONCACAF Champions Cup 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup 2006 FIFA World Cup Qualification 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup 2002 FIFA World Cup Qualification 2001 Copa America Honours Ray Morgan Memorial Award: 2002 Personal life Navarro was born in Chile. He later moved to Canada, and has two daughters. References Canadian soccer referees Chilean emigrants to Canada Naturalized citizens of Canada 1966 births Living people Copa América referees CONCACAF Gold Cup referees CONCACAF Champions Cup referees Major League Soccer referees", "title": "Mauricio Navarro" } ]

[]

[ "Mexico" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15650103", "text": "Cats on a Smooth Surface is an American rock group, that starting in 1978 and throughout the 1980s was the house band at The Stone Pony in Asbury Park, New Jersey In the years 1981 and 1982, the band's lineup consisted of Bobby Bandiera on lead guitar and vocals, Harry Filkin on rhythm guitar and vocals, Peter Schulle on keyboards and vocals, John Micco on bass guitar and vocals, Pete Gagen on drums, and Ray Plante on saxophone. Other band members through the years have included Glen Burtnick, Vincent Danielle, and Mike Bovenzi, Steff \"Stiff Reed\" Munter, Rich Ruggiero and Joel Krausse. The band is still in existence and performs regularly in New Jersey. In 1971, prior to founding \"Cats\", Harry Filkin and Bobby Bandiera were the key players in the Jersey shore band called Holme in Belmar NJ. Harry still plays as current member of Holme and with \"Harry and Billy\". Bobby Bandiera is now a 5-year member of the internationally famous Bon Jovi band as a vocalist and guitarist. He was also lead guitar with Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes and still makes occasional appearances with them. Starting in the spring of 1982 Bruce Springsteen often performed with the band, particularly on Sunday nights when he would appear unannounced at the Stone Pony and jump up on stage with them. He often claimed to the press that they were his favorite band to jam with Recently Rachel Copeland has also begun to sing with the band. Discography Albums Cats on a Smooth Surface (1992) Live 1982 With Bruce Springsteen: The Legendary Radio Broadcast (2018) Singles \"Mean Streets\" / \"No Right Time (To Say Goodbye)\" (1988) \"Midnight Romeo\" / \"What Do All the People Know\" (1992) References External links MySpace page Rock music groups from New Jersey Jersey Shore musical groups", "title": "Cats on a Smooth Surface" } ]

[ "April 5 , 2018" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15634160", "text": "Rocky Balboa is a 2007 video game based on the movie of the same name for the PlayStation Portable, which is similar in style and content to Rocky Legends. The game includes footage from each Rocky film, showing the buildup to the major fights of the film series. There are also some flashback videos of the training footage from the films (this is used in the Mickey's Corner section of the game, which is a tutorial aimed to teach new players how to play). It is also the last video game released by MGM Interactive before the company became defunct in late 2007. Gameplay The game contains a variety of different modes. Historical Fights is the main game mode, which pits Rocky against all of his various opponents throughout the franchise, from Spider Rico (Rocky) to Mason Dixon (Rocky Balboa). Once Rocky has beaten all of his opponents, the story mode then flips so that the first fight becomes \"Spider Rico VS Rocky\" and the last fight becomes \"Mason Dixon VS Rocky Balboa\". There are 27 different boxer selections possible. There are separate versions of Rocky which vary in age, weight (depending on the film) and clothes (black/gold, white/red variations). There are alternative versions of Apollo Creed and Tommy Gunn has two different selectable outfits. The player can choose from 18 different arenas to fight in, including many of the film franchise's major boxing arenas, such as the Philadelphia arena and Las Vegas. Fast Lane is designed for quick-play, where a player picks a challenge and then tries to complete it by knocking out the other fighter in the time available. The different time limits are; 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes. Each section has 18 matches, making for a total of 90 matches. At the start of the game, only 10% of these are available. Each extra match is unlocked in sequential order, so completing \"Facing Clubber 1\" will unlock \"Facing Clubber 2\". This game supports local ad hoc multiplayer and has an auto-save feature. Unlike a number of previous Rocky games, the player cannot participate in any interactive training sessions to build up their character's power. Reception Critical response The game was met with a mixed reception, as GameRankings gave it a score of 57.75%, while Metacritic gave it 58 out of 100. References External links 2007 video games MGM Interactive games PlayStation Portable games PlayStation Portable-only games Balboa Ubisoft games Video games developed in Canada Multiplayer and single-player video games Video games set in the Soviet Union Video games based on films", "title": "Rocky Balboa (video game)" } ]

[ "Carl Weathers" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15622228", "text": "King Stephen of England (c. 1092/6 – 25 October 1154) was a grandson of William the Conqueror, and has been depicted in various cultural works. He was King of England from 1135 to his death, and also the Count of Boulogne jure uxoris. His reign was marked by a civil war with his cousin and rival the Empress Matilda, in a period called the Anarchy which has been dramatized by Beth Flintoff in her play Matilda the Empress, first performed in November 2017 at St James's Church, Reading. Stephen was succeeded by Matilda's son, Henry II, the first of the Angevin kings. Popular fiction Early appearances by Stephen in fiction included the novels For King or Empress (1904) by C. W. Whistler and Armadin by Alfred Bowker (1908). Stephen appeared in the 1921 novel The Fool by H. C. Bailey. The 1958 novel To Keep This Oath by Hebe Weenolsen centres on the power struggle between Stephen and the future Henry II. Stephen is a prominent character in Sharon Kay Penman's 1995 novel When Christ and His Saints Slept, portrayed as a loving husband and good warrior, but an indecisive monarch who cannot control his barons. King Stephen is depicted in Ellis Peters' historical detective series Brother Cadfael, which take place during Stephen's reign. He appears in two of them. One Corpse Too Many (1979), set in August 1138, takes place against the background of Stephen's conquest of Shrewsbury and his decision - described as \"uncharacteristically harsh\" - to execute all members of the former garrison which had held the city for Empress Maud. In Brother Cadfael's Penance (1994) much of the plot takes place during and in the immediate aftermath of an abortive peace conference organised by the Church in November 1145 in an effort to reconcile Stephen with his cousin Matilda and end the civil war. Cecelia Holland's 1971 novel The Earl, also published as Hammer for Princes, depicts the old and quite tragic King Stephen, facing the death of his own son Eustace and the inevitability of recognizing Prince Henry, his rival's son, as his heir.Stephen is portrayed in Ken Follett's #1 New York Times Bestseller The Pillars of the Earth (1990). He only appears a few times in the historical fiction novel, and is depicted as more of a warrior than a king. The novel was re-released in 2010. The Janna Mysteries by Felicity Pulman posits a love-affair between Matilda and Stephen. Stephen is also depicted as a young lover of Matilda in The Fatal Crown, by Ellen Jones. Stephen appears in the historical thriller Winter Siege (2014) by Ariana Franklin and Samantha Norman. Film and television Stephen has rarely been portrayed on screen. He was played by Frederick Treves in the 1978 BBC TV series The Devil's Crown, which dramatised the reigns of Henry II, Richard I and John, and by Michael Grandage in \"One Corpse Too Many,\" the first episode of the television adaptation of the Cadfael novels (1994). In the TV mini-series adaption", "title": "Cultural depictions of Stephen, King of England" } ]

[ "Billy Brown" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15666653", "text": "The Behavioral Science Consultation Teams (BSCTs, pronounced \"biscuits\") are groups of psychiatrists, other medical doctors and psychologists who study detainees in American extrajudicial detention. History The groups were being officially authorized by the US Department of Defense in mid-2002, following the advice of General Michael E. Dunlavey, later chief interrogator at Guantanamo Bay detention camp. The BSCTs proposed a three-step pattern for harsh interrogations, including sleep deprivation and psychological pressure: Additional detention conditions they believed would further assist intelligence-gathering operations. These included using fans and generators to create white noise as a form of psychological pressure; restricting \"resistant\" detainees to no more than four hours of sleep a day; depriving them of \"comfort items\" such as sheets, blankets, mattresses, and washcloths; and controlling their access to the koran. \"All aspects of the [detention] environment,\" they argued, \"should enhance capture shock, dislocate expectations, foster dependence, and support exploitation to the fullest extent possible.\" The teams are controversial because some critics consider their participation in what is called enhanced interrogation of detainees in the war on terror a breach of medical ethics. When Darrel Vandeveld, one of the lawyers assigned to serve as one of military commission prosecutors looked into the case against Mohammed Jawad, one of the individuals he was assigned to prosecute, he realized that the record showed that Jawad, then still a minor, had been subjected to long periods of sleep deprivation, a torture technique that had already been de-authorized, on the advice of Army psychologist Lieutenant Colonel Diane M. Zierhoffer. Medical ethics Such was the consternation of the American Psychological Association that in 2007 it adopted the resolution 'Reaffirmation of the American Psychological Association Position Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and Its Application to Individuals Defined in the United States Code as \"Enemy Combatants\"' to make clear that any torture and other cruel, Inhuman, or degrading treatment was unethical, whatever the situation. References Guantanamo Bay detention camp Interrogations Prison healthcare", "title": "Behavioral Science Consultation Team" } ]

[ "hallucinations", "insomnia", "paranoia", "dementia", "panic attacks", "phobias", "Death", "rapid weight loss" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15633194", "text": "Anne Marie DeLuise () is a Canadian actress. Career DeLuise has had a number of supporting roles in film and television. Her most notable roles are Dr. Greene in Fifty Shades of Grey and Mrs. Briggs on Strange Empire, a role which won her a Leo Award. Personal life DeLuise is from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. She is married to American actor and television director Peter DeLuise. They have one child. Filmography Family Pictures (1993) Kung Fu: The Legend Continues episode \"Tournament\" (1994) Janek: The Silent Betrayal (1994) Jungleground (1995) Darkman II: The Return of Durant (1995) Side Effects episode \"Leave My Bum Alone\" (1995) Goosebumps episode \"The Haunted Mask: Part 1 & 2\" (1995) Iron Eagle IV (1995) Christmas in My Hometown (1996) F/X: The Series episode \"Get Fast\" (1997) Eerie, Indiana: The Other Dimension episode \"Young and the Twitchy\" (1998) Reluctant Angel (1998) Sweet Deception (1998) Highlander: The Raven episode \"Cloak & Dagger\" (1998) Earth: Final Conflict episodes \"Isabel\" and \"Atavus\" (1998) Total Recall 2070 (1999) Due South (1997-1999) Black Light (1998) Sweet Lies (1999) (1999) A Song From The Heart (1999) Code Name Eternity (1999) Y2K (1999) Quarantine (1999) First Wave episode \"Night Falls\" (2000) Seven Days episode \"Rhino\" (2000) Big Sound episode \"You Bet Your Ass\" (2000) Higher Ground (2000) Life-Size (2000) Stargate SG-1 episode \"The Other Side\" (2000) The Chris Isaak Show episode \"Tomorrowland\" (2001) The Outer Limits episode \"Rule of Law\" (2001) Mysterious Ways episode \"Friends in Need\" (2002) Just Deal episode \"Happy Medium\" (2002) The Twilight Zone episode \"Future Trade\" (2002) The Dead Zone episode \"The Storm\" (2003) Jinnah - On Crime: White Knight, Black Widow (2003) NTSB: The Crash of Flight 323 (2004) Andromeda episode \"Trusting the Gordian Maze\" and \"Pitiless as the Sun\" (2001–2004) The Collector episode \"The Prosecutor\" (2004) Dead Like Me episode \"Haunted\" (2004) Supernatural episode \"Bugs\" (2005) Engaged to Kill (2006) Shock to the System (2006) Psych episode \"Woman Seeking Dead Husband: Smokers Okay, No Pets\" (2006) Black Christmas (2006) Stargate SG-1 episode \"Bounty\" (2007) Painkiller Jane episode \"Nothing to Fear But Fear Itself\" (2007) Sabbatical (2007) Ace of Hearts (2008) Smile of April (2009) Charly (2009) The Thaw (2009) Fear Island (2009) The Troop episode \"Do the Worm\" (2009) Love Happens (2009) Sanctuary episode \"Fragments\" (2009) Frankie & Alice (2010) Pretty Little Liars episode \"Pilot\" (2010) Smallville (2006–2011) R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour episode \"My Sister the Witch\" (2011) The Edge of the Garden (2011) Om Inc. (2011) Strange Empire 12 episodes (2014–2015) iZombie (2015) Fifty Shades of Grey (2015) When Calls the Heart 2 episodes (2016) Awards and nominations References External links Actresses from Newfoundland and Labrador Canadian film actresses Canadian television actresses DeLuise family Living people People from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador Year of birth missing (living people)", "title": "Anne Marie DeLuise" } ]

[ "Fifty Shades Darker" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15651674", "text": "The Hub Oil explosion was an industrial accident that took place on August 9, 1999 in Calgary, Alberta and caused two fatalities. The Hub Oil refinery was located at 5805 17 Avenue SE, near the eastern edge of Calgary and immediately south of the residential community of Penbrooke. Historical background The Kalmacoff family's roots are in Kamsack, Saskatchewan where Jake Kalmacoff Sr. built a conventional crude oil refinery in the ‘30s which also re-refined used lube oil for the Air Force during World War II, and was designated essential to the war effort. His son, Jake Kalmacoff Jr. moved to Calgary with his family in 1958 and acquired the dormant Monarch Refinery in what was then the Village of Hubalta, Alberta. It had been built in 1939, but only operated for 2 years before being shut down. Jake Jr. applied similar re-refining technology that the family had developed during the war, and named the business Hub Oil Company Ltd. Building on past experience, the Company collected and recycled used lubricating oil from industrial and commercial businesses. In the ‘90s, the company began collecting and recycling used oil filters, used plastic oil containers and used antifreeze. At its height, the facility collected and recycled 15 million litres of used oil annually. Products The facility's end product was a base mineral oil that, with additives, could be compounded and blended into a variety of products, including automotive engine oil, transmission fluid, gear oil and other industrial lubricants. Much of the industrial oil was sold to the potash mines in Saskatchewan. Because the oil is considered food grade, the potash companies are able to use it as an anti-clumping and dust suppressing spray acceptable for potash that would eventually become fertilizer for the food industry. The metal in the oil filters was used to make rebar for the construction industry; the plastic was used to create myriad recycled materials; and the antifreeze became clean, usable antifreeze once again. Fire For more than nine hours after the initial explosion, the fire raged out of control, fuelled by oil, jet fuel, and propane. Two more major explosions followed shortly after the first. C S Martin was asleep at a nearby house on Penworth Place at the time of the first explosion. He remembers it vividly. \"Since I was three years old, I grew up in Penbrooke and at one point, I lived on Penrith Crescent less than a kilometre from the blast site. The people in the community always talked about the smells coming from Hub Oil. Many people suffered from frequent headaches, and symptoms not unlike those from the community of Lynwood Ridge. The morning of the blast, I was in bed, and was wakened by the sound of thunder. I looked out my bedroom window, and the sky was blue, but I thought nothing of it. Moments later, my mother banged on the door and told me to wake up, as she thought Hub Oil had exploded; as she always thought it would.", "title": "Hub Oil explosion" } ]

[ "125 ml / min" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "156489", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling and the fifth novel in the Harry Potter series. It follows Harry Potter's struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of the antagonist Lord Voldemort, O.W.L. exams, and an obstructive Ministry of Magic. The novel was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic in the United States, and Raincoast in Canada. It sold five million copies in the first 24 hours of publication. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix won several awards, including the American Library Association Best Book Award for Young Adults in 2003. The book was also made into a 2007 film, and a video game by Electronic Arts. Plot During the summer, Harry Potter is frustrated by his friends' non-communication and with Dumbledore barring him from helping combat a newly-resurgent Lord Voldemort. One evening, Dementors attack him and cousin Dudley, but Harry fends them off using the Patronus Charm. Later, Order of the Phoenix members arrive at the Dursley house to evacuate Harry. They whisk him off to Number 12, Grimmauld Place, Sirius Black's family home, which is now the Order's headquarters. Ron and Hermione are there and tell Harry that the Order is a secret organisation that Dumbledore created to fight Voldemort and the Death Eaters. Harry wants to join, but is too young. The Ministry of Magic, under Cornelius Fudge, attempt to malign Harry for stating that Voldemort has returned. Harry is also charged with performing underage magic while with a Muggle, but is exonerated and returns to Hogwarts. Dolores Umbridge, a senior Ministry employee, is the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. She initiates strict rules and a textbook-only curriculum and forbids the students from practicing defensive spells. Harry, Ron, and Hermione form a secret student Defense group called Dumbledore's Army. The group secretly meets in the Room of Requirement to practice under Harry's instruction. One night, Harry dreams that Arthur Weasley is attacked by Voldemort's snake, Nagini. His vision is true, and Arthur is found seriously injured at the Ministry. Dumbledore realises that Harry's and Voldemort's minds are connected, and he orders Professor Snape to teach Harry Occlumency, a skill to close one's mind against others. Umbridge is tipped-off about Dumbledore's Army; to prevent Harry's expulsion, Dumbledore claims responsibility for forming the group. To avoid arrest, he goes into hiding. Umbridge is appointed headmistress, though she is magically barred from entering Dumbledore's tower, and begins enacting strict rules and regulations. Harry's Occlumency lessons go poorly. During his Ordinary Wizarding Level exams, he envisions Voldemort torturing Sirius in the Department of Mysteries at the Ministry. Harry attempts to contact Sirius at Grimmauld Place, using the Floo Network in Umbridge's office, but she catches and interrogates him, threatening to use the Cruciatus Curse on him. Hermione intervenes by concocting a story that leads them into the Forbidden Forest. Umbridge", "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" } ]

[ "Noma Dumezweni" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15636069", "text": "Joseph Jacob Simmons Jr. (January 17, 1901 – March 24, 1981) was a prominent African-American oilman. He \"rose above humble beginnings to become the most successful and most recognizable black entrepreneur in the history of the petroleum industry.\" As an internationally known oil broker he partnered with Phillips Petroleum Company and Signal Oil and Gas Company to open up African oil fields in Liberia, Nigeria and Ghana. In 1969, he became the first black person to be appointed to the National Petroleum Council. Early life Born in what later became Haskell, Oklahoma, Simmons was the ninth of ten children. His great-grandfather had been a slave of the Creek Indian tribe, and later became a chief as well as a leader for many of the freed Creek slaves. Simmons' father owned a ranch in the Haskell area. As a child, Simmons repaired fences and worked cattle. At the age of 10, he told his father, \"I want to be an oil man.\" Booker T. Washington, on one of his trips to Oklahoma, spent the night at the Simmons ranch and convinced Simmons to attend the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. From Washington, Simmons learned to love work for its own sake, and learned that success depends on an ability to charm and motivate people. After graduating from Tuskegee in 1919, Simmons married Melba Dorsey and moved to Detroit, Michigan. A year later he divorced her, moved back to Oklahoma, and married Willie Eva Flowers. Oil business As a member of the Creek Nation, Simmons received 160 acres of land when the tribe disbanded. In the 1920s, oil flowed on his hand. He became an oil broker and entrepreneur, buying and selling oil leases, and started a real estate business. During the Great Depression, he sold Oklahoma farmland to African Americans in East Texas, who had made money in the oil boom. Meanwhile, he expanded his oil lease-trading business into Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Kansas. He dealt with oil barons such as William Skelly, founder of Skelly Oil, and Frank Phillips, founder of Phillips Petroleum. With the help of his sons and L. W. Thomas of Summit, Oklahoma, Simmons built the Simmons Royalty Co., and expanded into cattle and insurance. In the 1960s, Simmons worked as an intermediary in multimillion-dollar deals between major American oil companies and newly independent African nations. He became internationally recognized in the oil business. In 1969, he was appointed to the National Petroleum Council. Civil rights Simmons refused to be a victim of bigotry. He told his children, \"You are equal to anyone, but if you think you're not, you're not.\" Simmons thought that jobs were the key to economic empowerment for African Americans. He helped blacks gain skills in his business and then helped them find jobs in other businesses. Simmons once said, \"It is a waste of life for a man to fail to achieve when he has the opportunity.\" In 1938, Simmons filed one of the early court cases against separate schools and took it", "title": "Jake Simmons" } ]

[ "plateau" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15654406", "text": "Lake Untersee ( \"Lower Lake\") is the largest surface freshwater lake in the interior of the Gruber Mountains of central Queen Maud Land in East Antarctica. It is situated to the southeast of the Schirmacher Oasis. The lake is approximately long and wide, with a surface area of , and a maximum depth of . The lake is permanently covered with ice and is partly bounded by glacier ice. Lake Untersee is an unusual lake, with pH between 9.8 and 12.1, dissolved oxygen at 150 per cent supersaturation, and very low primary production in the water column. Despite the high oxygen supersaturation in most of the lake, there is a small sub-basin at the southern end that is anoxic, and its sediments may have a higher methane concentration than those of any other known lake on Earth. Much of the primary production is in microbial communities that grow on the floor of the lake as stromatolites. The water temperature varies between and and the ice cover on the lake is thick. The ice cover may have persisted for over 100,000 years, and some scientists studying climate change fear significant environmental changes associated with global warming in the coming decades. In the past, the water chemistry of the lake has been compared to Clorox. However, the chemical activity of bleach is due to Cl− in addition to a pH that is higher than that measures in Lake Untersee, and Lake Untersee does not have high chlorine or chlorite concentrations. Geography Lake Untersee lies in the interior of the Gruber Mountains of central Queen Maud Land in East Antarctica, which is roughly on the same longitude as Huab, in the Skeleton Coast National Park on the northern coast of Namibia. It is situated 90 kilometres (56 mi) to the southeast of the Schirmacher Oasis. Aurkjosen Cirque lies at the east side of the lake. The lake is approximately long and wide and has a surface area of ( is also reported). Its maximum depth is . It is permanently covered with ice, which has an average thickness of in summer. The lake is dammed by the Anuchin Glacier, and meltwater from the Anuchin Glacier is the main source of water. The lake has no outlet. Water is lost through sublimation and ablation of the ice cover. The lake is categorized as an ultra-oligotrophic lake. Lake Ober-See, a smaller ( glacial lake, is located a few kilometres to the northeast and is similar in most respects. History Isotope studies have established that the lake has long had a permanent ice cover. Further, studies carried out during the austral summer confirm the lake's homogeneous characteristics, with thermal convection as the reason given for its hydro-geochemical and isotropical nature. It is replenished perennially by a process of underwater melting of the adjacent glacier ice. It is also stated that the lake existed during the Holocene period when it emerged from a melt-water pond. Studies of Lake Untersee have revealed that there are several large boulders", "title": "Lake Untersee" } ]

[ "precipitation" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15621279", "text": "Henry VIII and his reign have frequently been depicted in art, film, literature, music, opera, plays, and television. Art Lucas de Heere: The Family of Henry VIII Hans Eworth: Henry VIII (c. 1545) Hans Holbein the Younger: Portrait of Henry VIII, The Dynasty Portrait, and Henry VIII and the Barber-Surgeons (1540) Lucas Horenbout: Untitled Miniature of King Henry (c. 1526) Daniel Maclise: Henry Meeting Anne at Hampton Court Guido Mazzoni: Untitled Bust of Prince Henry (c. 1498) Joos van Cleve: Henry VIII (c. 1535) Willard Wigan: The Six Wives of Henry VIII Film Aladdin and the Adventure of All Time: Jim Cummings and Stuart Pankin Anna Boleyn: Emil Jannings Anne of the Thousand Days: Richard Burton (for which Burton was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor) Book Revue: Mel Blanc Cardinal Wolsey (1912): Tefft Johnson Carry On Henry: Sid James God's Outlaw: Keith Barron Henry the Ache (1934, Short): Bert Lahr Henry VIII (1911): Arthur Bourchier Henry VIII and His Six Wives: Keith Michell Inside Llewyn Davis: Llewyn performs a song about Henry and Jane Seymour for Grossman Intolerable Cruelty: Miles references Henry A Man for All Seasons: Robert Shaw (for which Shaw was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor) Monarch (2000): T.P. McKenna The Other Boleyn Girl: Eric Bana The Pearls of the Crown: Lyn Harding The Prince and the Pauper (1920): Albert Schreiber The Prince and the Pauper (1937): Montagu Love The Prince and the Pauper (1977): Charlton Heston The Private Life of Henry VIII: Charles Laughton (for which Laughton won the Academy Award for Best Actor) The Sword and the Rose: James Robertson Justice Tudor Rose: Frank Cellier U.F.O.: Rusty Goffe When Knighthood Was in Flower: Lyn Harding Young Bess: Charles Laughton Internet Epic Rap Battles of History: Henry VIII is featured in a canceled, but later launched, episode of the webseries in a rap battle with Hillary Clinton. In the conflict, comparisons between the king's intimate life and the Monicagate controversy are made. Literature Suzannah Dunn: The Confessions of Katherine Howard, The Queen of Subtleties, and The Sixth Wife Carolly Erickson: The First Elizabeth, Mistress Anne, and The Last Wife of Henry VIII Antonia Fraser: The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1993) Margaret George: The Autobiography of Henry VIII Philippa Gregory: The Other Boleyn Girl Diane Haeger: The Secret Bride, The Queen's Mistake, The Queen's Rival, I, Jane Cynthia Harrod-Eagles: The Morland Dynasty, and \"The Dark Rose\" Virginia Henley: A Woman of Passion Eleanor Hibbert: Shadow of the Pomegranate, Katharine the Virgin Widow, King's Secret Matter, The Lady in the Tower: The Wives of Henry VIII, Murder Most Royal, Mary, Queen of France, St. Thomas's Eve, and The Sixth Wife Ivery Kirk, Luna Teague: One Does Not Simply Walk into Tudor Charles Major: When Knighthood Was in Flower Hilary Mantel: Wolf Hall, Bring Up the Bodies and The Mirror and the Light Maureen Peters: Henry VIII and His Six Wives (a novelization of the 1972 film) C. J. Sansom: Dissolution, Dark", "title": "Cultural depictions of Henry VIII" } ]

[ "Vanessa Redgrave" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15665542", "text": "Solomon Wiseman (16 April 1777 - 28 November 1838) was a convict, merchant and ferryman. The town called Wiseman's Ferry, New South Wales, Australia is named after him. Life Wiseman was born in Southwark, England in 1777, the son of a Richard Wiseman, a cloth worker and victualler, and became a lighterman on the Thames. He was employed by the British government to carry spies to France. On 30 October 1805 he was found guilty of stealing wood from a lighter and was sentenced to death. This was commuted to Transportation for Life and he was sent to New South Wales where he arrived in August 1806 on the Alexander. He traveled with his wife Jane and two sons, in a cabin rather than with the other convicts. On arrival he was almost immediately given conditional liberty and assigned to his wife. In 1810 he was given his ticket of leave and in 1812, a pardon. In 1811 Wiseman had constructed a sloop called the Hawkesbury Packet which was a coastal trader. Not long after he acquired the sloop . He shipped coal from Newcastle (New South Wales), wheat from the Hawkesbury and timber from Shoalhaven. Both ships were wrecked within months of each other in 1817. After the wrecks of his ships he purchased the Mary Ann (ship) which he chartered to the Government. In 1817 he was granted a lease of on the Hawkesbury River at Lower Portland Head, which later became known as Wiseman's Ferry. In 1821 he established an inn called 'the Sign of the Packet' on the banks of the river. When he heard that the government intended to build a road between Sydney and the Hunter valley, he persuaded the authorities to route it through his land. Road building commenced in 1826 with two gangs operating either side of the river, and in 1827 he received a contract to supply all provisions to the gangs and later that year a license to operate a ferry to transport people and stock across the river. The ferry crossing site was moved in 1829, to its current site, when a route was chosen for the Great North Rd. The current site is the oldest ferry crossing in Australia. In 1826 he built on his land an elaborate house for his second wife, Sophia, called Cobhams Hall. This is now a pub called Wiseman's Inn Hotel. He died in 1838. The Secret River The Secret River, a novel written by Wiseman's great-great-great-granddaughter, Kate Grenville, was inspired by her desire to understand \"what had happened when Wiseman arrived there [the area now known as Wiseman's Ferry] and started the business of 'settling'\". Her inspiration to understand this came from her taking part in the 28-05-2000 Reconciliation Walk across Sydney Harbour Bridge during which she realised that she didn't know much about \"what had gone on between the Aboriginal people and the settlers in those early days\". Initially intended to be a work of non-fiction about Wiseman, the book eventually", "title": "Solomon Wiseman" } ]

[ "bars", "lines" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1562717", "text": "Emmenagogues (also spelled emmenagogs) are herbs which stimulate blood flow in the pelvic area and uterus; some stimulate menstruation. Women use emmenagogues to stimulate menstrual flow, when menstruation is absent for reasons other than pregnancy, such as hormonal disorders or conditions like oligomenorrhea (light menses). According to Riddle, these herbs were also used to assist women whose menstruation was \"delayed\", for the reason that they had conceived. There are a large number of substances which can act as emmenagogues. Many, such as Mentha pulegium, European pennyroyal, or Tansy, may, as a tea, bring on menses, but if taken later in pregnancy, in strong or concentrated doses, such as pennyroyal or tansy oil, pose serious medical hazards including organ damage or incomplete abortions. Rue (Ruta graveolens) and Peganum harmala are other commonly available emmenagogues which can result in serious harm. References Further reading Herbal Safety: Herbs to Avoid During Pregnancy Herbs Menstrual cycle Obstetrical and gynaecological procedures", "title": "Emmenagogue" } ]

[ "Amenorrhoea" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15662935", "text": "\"The Boss\" is the second single from Rick Ross's second studio album Trilla. It samples the song \"Paul Revere\" by Beastie Boys. It is produced by J. R. Rotem. Matt Kemp from the Los Angeles Dodgers and Brian McCann from the Houston Astros use this song as their at-bat / intro music. The song is also Ross's highest-charting single to date, peaking at number 17 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Music video The video was directed by Diane Martel, and shows a shirtless Rick Ross in bed with two girls. He is then seen yelling at someone who owes him money on the phone and tells him to meet him at midnight. At midnight, the man who owes him money shows up and tells him that he does not have it. Rick Ross calls a girl (portrayed by Felicia \"Snoop\" Pearson) who steals his necklace and Rick Ross steals his girlfriend. Fat Joe, along with DJ Khaled and Anwan Glover from HBO's television series The Wire, make appearances in the video. The music video premiered on Rap City on February 19, 2008. Remix There is an unofficial remix to the song known as the Mick Boogie Remix, it features Lil' Wayne (verse from Trina's \"Don't Trip\"), Red Cafe & Fabolous (verses from the freestyle of the song named \"F*** Em All\" with DJ Drama), Rick Ross' 1st verse, & T-Pain's chorus. It is commonly mistaken as the official remix. D12 recorded a remix for their Return of the Dozen mixtape called \"I'm a G\". Hussein Fatal recorded a remix. Nicki Minaj did a remix on her mixtape Sucka Free. Freestyles were also recorded by Ludacris (Big Ass House) Dolla, KiD CuDi, Wiz Khalifa, & Meek Millz. Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References 2007 songs 2008 singles Rick Ross songs T-Pain songs Def Jam Recordings singles Song recordings produced by J. R. Rotem Songs written by T-Pain Songs written by J. R. Rotem Songs written by Rick Ross Music videos directed by Diane Martel Mafioso rap songs", "title": "The Boss (Rick Ross song)" } ]

[ "Joe Wieland", "Zach Eflin", "Yasmani Grandal" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1564522", "text": "The Mickey Mouse Theater of the Air was a 1938 musical-variety radio series for children, sponsored by Pepsodent and heard on NBC on Sunday afternoons, featuring Mickey Mouse and other characters from Walt Disney cartoons. There were a total of twenty broadcasts from the Disney Little Theater on the RKO lot from January 2 to May 15, 1938, the program was created to promote the February 1938 release of Disney's first animated feature film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In addition to Snow White featured in the second episode, the series featured other fairy tale and nursery rhyme characters, including \"Mother Goose Land,\" \"Cinderella,\" \"King Neptune,\" \"The Pied Piper,\" \"The Old Woman in the Shoe\" and \"Old MacDonald\". The show was originally contracted with Pepsodent for thirteen weeks, but it was successful enough to be extended to a total of twenty episodes. Production Broadcasters had pursued a Mickey Mouse radio program for several years, but Disney rejected the idea, feeling that the cartoon characters' main appeal was visual, and that the voices might not be enough to carry a radio series. However, the opportunity to promote the Snow White film was too important to miss. The first proposed version was a talk show, with Mickey interviewing guest stars, but that idea was scrapped in September 1937. The writers focused instead on the Disney characters' affinity with folk tales and nursery rhymes. Disney performed Mickey's voice for the first three episodes. Starting with the fourth episode, Mickey was voiced by comedian Joe Twerp. Disney also appeared as himself in some early episodes. In later episodes, Disney was too busy to attend performances, and he was impersonated by announcer John Hiestand. Radio actor J. Donald Wilson provided the voice for one episode. Other Disney characters featured on the program were Donald Duck (Clarence Nash), Minnie Mouse (Thelma Boardman), Goofy (Stuart Buchanan) and Clara Cluck (Florence Gill). Music was provided by the Felix Mills Orchestra, Donald Duck's Swing Band and The Minnie Mouse Woodland Choir. The opening theme music was \"Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?\", and the closing theme was \"Heigh-Ho\" from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Episodes Robin Hood (January 2, 1938) Snow White Day (January 9, 1938) Donald Duck's Band (January 16, 1938) The River Boat (January 23, 1938) Ali Baba (January 30, 1938) South of the Border show episodes(February 6, 1938) Mother Goose and Old King Cole (February 13, 1938) The Gypsy Band (February 20, 1938) Cinderella (February 27, 1938) King Neptune (March 6, 1938) The Pied Piper (March 13, 1938) Sleeping Beauty (March 20, 1938) Ancient Egypt (March 27, 1938) (guest appearance by Snow White) Mother Goose and The Old Woman in a Shoe (April 3, 1938) Long John Silver (April 10, 1938) King Arthur (April 17, 1938) Who Killed Cock Robin? (April 24, 1938) Cowboy Show (May 1, 1938) William Tell (May 8, 1938) Old MacDonald (May 15, 1938) Trivia Sing a Song of Sixpence is sung by Stuart Buchanan. References Listen to External", "title": "The Mickey Mouse Theater of the Air" } ]

[ "Adriana Caselotti" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15620079", "text": "In molecular cloning and biology, a gene knock-in (abbreviation: KI) refers to a genetic engineering method that involves the one-for-one substitution of DNA sequence information in a genetic locus or the insertion of sequence information not found within the locus. Typically, this is done in mice since the technology for this process is more refined and there is a high degree of shared sequence complexity between mice and humans. The difference between knock-in technology and traditional transgenic techniques is that a knock-in involves a gene inserted into a specific locus, and is thus a \"targeted\" insertion. It is the opposite of gene knockout. A common use of knock-in technology is for the creation of disease models. It is a technique by which scientific investigators may study the function of the regulatory machinery (e.g. promoters) that governs the expression of the natural gene being replaced. This is accomplished by observing the new phenotype of the organism in question. The BACs and YACs are used in this case so that large fragments can be transferred. Technique Gene knock-in originated as a slight modification of the original knockout technique developed by Martin Evans, Oliver Smithies, and Mario Capecchi. Traditionally, knock-in techniques have relied on homologous recombination to drive targeted gene replacement, although other methods using a transposon-mediated system to insert the target gene have been developed. The use of loxP flanking sites that become excised upon expression of Cre recombinase with gene vectors is an example of this. Embryonic stem cells with the modification of interest are then implanted into a viable blastocyst, which will grow into a mature chimeric mouse with some cells having the original blastocyst cell genetic information and other cells having the modifications introduced to the embryonic stem cells. Subsequent offspring of the chimeric mouse will then have the gene knock-in. Gene knock-in has allowed, for the first time, hypothesis-driven studies on gene modifications and resultant phenotypes. Mutations in the human p53 gene, for example, can be induced by exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and the mutated copy of the p53 gene can be inserted into mouse genomes. Lung tumors observed in the knock-in mice offer support for the hypothesis of BaP’s carcinogenicity. More recent developments in knock-in technique have allowed for pigs to have a gene for green fluorescent protein inserted with a CRISPR/Cas9 system, which allows for much more accurate and successful gene insertions. The speed of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knock-in also allows for biallelic modifications to some genes to be generated and the phenotype in mice observed in a single generation, an unprecedented timeframe. Versus gene knockout Knock-in technology is different from knockout technology in that knockout technology aims to either delete part of the DNA sequence or insert irrelevant DNA sequence information to disrupt the expression of a specific genetic locus. Gene knock-in technology, on the other hand, alters the genetic locus of interest via a one-for-one substitution of DNA sequence information or by the addition of sequence information that is not found on said genetic locus.", "title": "Gene knock-in" } ]

[ "the endometrium" ]

[ { "docid": "15626917", "text": "The 2008 season was the Arizona Cardinals' 89th in the National Football League (NFL), their 21st season in Arizona, and their second under head coach Ken Whisenhunt. The season marked the Cardinals' first Super Bowl appearance, coming as a result of their victory against the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Championship. The Cardinals slogan for the season was \"Shock The World!\" Riding the back of quarterback Kurt Warner, who had gone from being a backup for the St. Louis Rams in 1999 to leading the Greatest Show on Turf to a Super Bowl XXXIV victory, and franchise wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald, the Cardinals went on a playoff run for the ages after having won just one playoff game in the last sixty years, as Warner once again recreated the magic he had captured with the Rams. (Coincidentally, both teams were based in St. Louis at one point or another, only to relocate to different cities.) The Cardinals began their season by compiling a 7–3 record by Week 11 and finished the regular season with a 9–7 record (their first winning season in 10 years), which was good enough to win the NFC West, and the Cardinals, for the first time since 1947, hosted a playoff game. In that wild card game, the Cardinals defeated the Atlanta Falcons. The next week, for the Divisional round of the playoffs, the Cardinals traveled to Charlotte, North Carolina, where they upset the number 2 seeded Carolina Panthers. Then, because the Philadelphia Eagles also achieved an upset the same week (against the top-seeded New York Giants), the number-four seed Cardinals hosted the NFC Championship game, where they defeated the Eagles and qualified for the Super Bowl for the first time in franchise history. In Super Bowl XLIII, the Cardinals' winning streak ended. Though they led the Pittsburgh Steelers with less than a minute left to play in the game, they lost, 27–23. The 2008 Cardinals were the second 9–7 team to reach the Super Bowl, joining the Los Angeles Rams in Super Bowl XIV, who also lost to the Steelers; however, the Rams had to win only two playoff games, rather than three, to reach the Super Bowl. Three years later in Super Bowl XLVI, the New York Giants would become the first 9–7 team to win, overshadowing the Cardinals' achievement. In 2014, Athlon Sports ranked the 2008 Cardinals as the fourth-worst team to ever make the Super Bowl. Coaching staff 2008 NFL Draft selections Roster Schedule Preseason Regular season Standings Regular season results Week 1: at San Francisco 49ers The Cardinals began their 2008 campaign on the road against their NFC West rival, the San Francisco 49ers. In the first quarter, Arizona took flight as kicker Neil Rackers got a 25-yard field goal. The 49ers responded with RB Frank Gore's 41-yard TD run. In the second quarter, the Cardinals responded with QB Kurt Warner completing a one-yard TD pass to WR Larry Fitzgerald, yet San Francisco tied the game with kicker Joe Nedney getting", "title": "2008 Arizona Cardinals season" } ]

[]

[ "Denver Broncos", "Atlanta Falcons" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15635587", "text": "The 1963 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the team's 31st in the National Football League (NFL). The Steelers won seven games, lost four, and tied three to finish fourth in the Eastern Conference. It was also their final season of splitting home games between Forbes Field and Pitt Stadium before moving all of their home games to the latter for the next six seasons. In the second game of the season, the Steelers shut out the New York Giants 31–0 in the home opener at Pitt Stadium. The Giants had won the conference title the previous two seasons and four of the last five, but were without hall of fame quarterback Y. A. Tittle. Because tie games were not included in NFL standings at the time (for winning percentage), the Steelers had a chance to win the conference title and advance to their first-ever NFL Championship Game. They needed to defeat the Giants at Yankee Stadium in the season finale, but lost 33–17 and fell to fourth; it was their last winning season until 1972. This year marked the debut of the Steelers' trademark black helmets with their logo on one side of the helmet. They had used the logo previously on yellow helmets, but 1963 was the first season in which their now-signature look was used full-time in the regular season. Prior to the season in May, defensive tackle Big Daddy Lipscomb died of an overdose of heroin at age 31; his final game was the Pro Bowl in January 1963, in which he was named the lineman of the game. Regular season Schedule Game summaries Week 1 (Sunday September 15, 1963): Philadelphia Eagles at Franklin Field, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Game time: Game weather: Game attendance: 58,205 Referee: Bill Downes TV announcers: Scoring Drives: Philadelphia – McDonald 13 pass from Jurgensen (Clark kick) Pittsburgh – FG Michaels 38 Pittsburgh – FG Michaels 50 Philadelphia – Smith 6 pass from Jurgensen (Clark kick) Pittsburgh – FG Michaels 17 Pittsburgh – Johnson 1 run (kick failed) Philadelphia – McDonald 75 pass from Jurgensen (Clark kick) Pittsburgh – Johnson 11 pass from Brown (kick failed) Week 2 (Sunday September 22, 1963): New York Giants at Pitt Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Game time: Game weather: Game attendance: 46,068 Referee: TV announcers: Scoring Drives: Pittsburgh – Hoak 1 run (Michaels kick) Pittsburgh – FG Michaels 11 Pittsburgh – Hoak 2 pass from Brown (Michaels kick) Pittsburgh – Johnson 1 run (Michaels kick) Pittsburgh – Dial 46 pass from Brown (Michaels kick) Week 3 (Sunday September 29, 1963): St. Louis Cardinals at Forbes Field, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Game time: Game weather: Game attendance: 28,225 Referee: TV announcers: Scoring Drives: St. Louis – Triplett 63 run (Bakken kick) Pittsburgh – FG Michaels 21 Pittsburgh – FG Michaels 40 St. Louis – FG Bakken 28 Pittsburgh – Hoak 1 run (Michaels kick) Pittsburgh – FG Michaels 21 Pittsburgh – Ferguson 4 run (Michaels kick) Week 4 (Saturday October 5, 1963): Cleveland Browns at Cleveland Municipal Stadium, Cleveland, Ohio Game time: Game", "title": "1963 Pittsburgh Steelers season" } ]

[ "the Los Angeles Rams" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "156573", "text": "USS George H.W. Bush (CVN-77) is the tenth and final supercarrier of the United States Navy. She is named for the 41st President of the United States and former Director of Central Intelligence George H. W. Bush, who was a naval aviator during World War II. The vessel's callsign is Avenger, after the TBM Avenger aircraft flown by then-Lieutenant George H. W. Bush in World War II. Construction began in 2003 at Northrop Grumman, in Newport News, Virginia and was completed in 2009 at a cost of $6.2 billion. Her home port is Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia. Naming George H. W. Bush became one of the U.S. Navy's youngest pilots when he received his Naval Aviator wings and naval commission on 9 June 1943, three days before turning 19. He flew torpedo bombers off on active duty from August 1943 to September 1945 during World War II. On 2 September 1944, during a mission over the Pacific, Japanese anti-aircraft fire hit his plane. The Navy submarine rescued him. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and three Air Medals for courageous service in the Pacific Theater. USS George H.W. Bush is the second United States aircraft carrier to be named after a naval aviator ( was the first) and the second, following , to be named after a then living former president (Ronald Reagan was christened in 2001 while Reagan was still alive). Ship's seal Each element of the seal is significant for its relevance to the ship's namesake, naval aviation, naval service, and the nation. There are six prominent features of the seal, beginning with the 41 white stars, symbolizing the ship's namesake (the 41st president). The rays of light that appear on the seal's horizon represent Bush's concept of a \"thousand points of light\", wherein he urged Americans to find meaning and reward by serving a purpose higher than themselves. The graphic depiction of the aircraft carrier reflects the carrier, as both a symbol and instrument of American strength as a force for freedom. Above the carrier are the overhead profiles of a TBM Avenger torpedo bomber (representing Bush's days as a Navy pilot), an F/A-18 Hornet strike fighter, and an F-35C Lightning II, superimposed one upon the other in reverse chronological order of the individual aircraft's service entry date, and in diminishing scale so each outline is contained within that of the newer aircraft. Fouled anchors and shields, centered on naval aviators wings, honor the ship's namesake's aviation history. Finally, the motto \"Freedom at Work\" is adapted from Bush's inaugural speech, during which he said, \"We know what works: Freedom works. We know what’s right: Freedom is right.\" Description George H.W. Bush measures and displaces over 100,000 tons, making her one of the world's largest warships (though she is slightly shorter than ). Her top speed exceeds 30 knots; powered with two nuclear reactors, she can operate for more than 20 years without refueling. Several features differentiate CVN-77 from other ships in the Nimitz class. Hull New", "title": "USS George H.W. Bush" } ]

[ "Reality", "Power", "Space", "Mind", "Soul", "Time" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1566853", "text": "\"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson recorded for his sixth studio album Thriller (1982). It is the opening track of the album and was released as its fourth single on May 9, 1983, by Epic Records. It was written and co-produced by Jackson and produced by Quincy Jones. The lyrics pertain to strangers spreading rumors to start an argument for no good reason. \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" evokes the disco sound of Jackson's previous studio album, Off the Wall, released in 1979. The song is characterized by a complex rhythm arrangement and a distinctive horn arrangement. \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" became Jackson's fourth consecutive top 10 single from Thriller on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number five. The song also topped the charts in Canada as well as the Netherlands and charted within the top 20 and top 30 in several countries. It was generally well received by contemporary music critics. As part of the release of Thriller 25, a remix of \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\", titled \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008 with Akon\", was recorded with Akon, and released as the second single from the album. The remix was commercially successful, mainly charting within the top 10 in six countries, as well as the top 20 in several territories worldwide and top 40 in Canada. It was more successful internationally than in the United States, having peaked on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 81, which was the song's lowest charting position. Unlike previous singles from Thriller, \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" did not have a music video to accompany it but was performed by Jackson on world concert tours as both a member of The Jacksons and as a solo artist. Following Jackson's death in June 2009, the song re-entered music charts worldwide. \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" has been covered and sampled by multiple recording artists since its release, notably by Rihanna in her 2007 song \"Don't Stop the Music\", who was sued as a result. Aside from Thriller, the song appears on multiple compilation and greatest hits albums by Jackson. Background \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" was written, composed and co-produced by Michael Jackson, and produced by Quincy Jones. It was originally written for his sister La Toya Jackson about her troubled relationship with her sisters-in-law, but Michael ended up recording the song, and La Toya sometimes performs the song at her concerts. The song was originally recorded in 1978 for the inclusion on the Off the Wall album, but was later re-recorded in fall 1982, in Los Angeles, California. \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" was one of the four songs that Jackson received writing credits on for his sixth studio album Thriller in 1982. The song was released by Epic Records as the fourth single from the album. Unlike Thrillers previous singles, \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" did not have a film or a music video released to promote it. Aside from Thriller, \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" has appeared on multiple compilation and", "title": "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" } ]

[ "1971" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "23028428", "text": "Robert David Holden CBE (born 6 April 1956) is a British accountant, born in Manchester. He holds a degree in Economics from Lancaster University. Holden initially worked at the Barrow-in-Furness shipyard, working on Trident. In 1996, Holden became finance director of London and Continental Railways (\"LCR\") and soon moved on to chief executive and chairman of LCR and also Eurostar. He oversaw the two phase construction of a high speed railway line from the Channel Tunnel to London at a cost of over £5b. The first phase, which terminated at Waterloo station opened in 2003. The second phase, from Ebbsfleet, Kent, into St Pancras Station was opened as High Speed One on 6 November 2007. The grand opening of St Pancras station was attended by Queen Elizabeth II, the Duke of Edinburgh and the prime minister, Gordon Brown. Holden was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 New Year Honours for services to the rail industry. In 2009 he was appointed chief executive of Crossrail, building a new train line across London. Rob Holden took home £554,495 in pay and benefits, more than £160,000 above the pay package received by TfL commissioner Peter Hendy, who has refused to take his £132,409 bonus. (thisislondon.co.uk) In January 2011 Holden announced his departure from the post of Chief Executive of Crossrail. \"It's time in my career to fulfil my ambition for a portfolio of non-executive jobs,\" Holden told the Daily Telegraph.\"If I didn't make the move now, I never will. If I stayed at Crossrail until its completion, I will be 63 and that would be too late.The time is right. We awarded major tunneling contracts just before Christmas and now there is no doubt about the project.\" Philip Hammond, the Transport Secretary, paid tribute saying \"Rob has been a great champion for Crossrail during his time in charge of the project, taking it from Royal Assent to the start of construction. Of course, I would have been delighted if he had committed the next eight years of his life to the project but I understand his reasons for leaving and I wish him every success in the future. Thanks to Rob a robust management structure is in place which will ensure the project will continue successfully and will transform London’s transport landscape. The Government is committed to Crossrail and I look forward to working closely with Rob’s successor.\" Holden is married with two children, and lives in Hertfordshire. References Living people 1956 births Alumni of Lancaster University British accountants British chief executives Crossrail Commanders of the Order of the British Empire", "title": "Rob Holden" } ]

[ "14 November 2007" ]

[ { "docid": "15624745", "text": "The No. 224 Squadron (Warlords) of the IAF is a Ground Attack squadron based at Jamnagar AFS. It was temporarily disbanded in 2007 after the retirement of MiG-23MF aircraft. The unit was resurrected in 2008 with Jaguar Darin II aircraft and continues to operate from Jamnagar. The crest No.224 Sqn crest depicts a warrior on a chariot proceeding to war. The chariot signifies the weapon platforms which are highly lethal and flexible, the horse signifying the power and strength and the warrior is at high state of readiness and aiming his weapons on the enemies. History No. 224 Sqn, IAF was raised on 4 July 1983 at Airforce Station Adampur under the command of Wg Cdr RA Massey, Vr C, as a part of Western Air Command. The unit was equipped with the Mig 23MF and assigned the Air defence role and later an additional peacetime role of Banner Target Towing. Later it moved to Jamnagar, its MiG-23s modified to tow targets. No.224 Sqn was the last operator of the MiG-23MF before their retirement from the Indian Air Force in 2007. The final fly past of the closing ceremony was done by Wing Commander M. K. Singh flying a banner titles \"End of an Era\", Wing Commander Tapas Sahu, Squadron Leader Vijay Shelke and Wing Commander RS Jamdar. Operations Operation Meghdoot from 1985 to 1986. Operation Safed Sagar during May 1999. Awards and honours No 224 Sqn was adjudged the best over all fighter squadron in Western Air Command during 1986-1987 Wg Cdr Radhakrishnan Radhish Vayusena Medal 2006 Sqn Ldr SV Bal Vayusena Medal 1991 WO L Jha Commendation by CAS 1997 WO HS Saini Commendation by CAS 1989 Sgt Tanwar RS Commendation by CAS 1988 Sgt K Damodaran Commendation by CAS 1988 WO Ravi Nandan Commendation by CAS 1987 Sgt Sagar SC Commendation by CAS 1986 Aircraft References 1983 establishments in India 2007 disestablishments in India 224 Military units and formations established in 1983 Military units and formations disestablished in 2007", "title": "No. 224 Squadron IAF" } ]

[]

[ "Operation Safed Sagar" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15681768", "text": "The Bushmaster M17S is a semi-automatic bullpup rifle that was manufactured by Bushmaster Firearms International from 1992 until 2005. History The design of the M17S dates back to 1986 when the Australian company Armtech Ltd. developed the prototype as a prospective military rifle for the Australian Army. Two prototypes were developed, one for the 5.56×45mm NATO, the C60R, and the more revolutionary C30R that used caseless ammunition. The C30R was developed hastily and an out-of-battery ignition resulted in a prototype exploding during a high-profile demonstration. The Australian Army adopted a licence-built version of the Steyr AUG, leading to the sale of the Armtech design to another Australian company, Edenpine (Edenpine Pty Ltd. Charles St. George, improved the design, resulting in the ART-30 and SAK-30. The salient features of the M17S were in place but some Finnish Valmet parts were used instead of AR-15 parts to reduce costs. Edenpine expressed interest in selling the design on the United States market and subsequently licensed the design to Bushmaster for local manufacture, thus avoiding import restrictions. The rifle was sold from October 1992 to 1994 as the \"Edenpine M17S Bull-Pup rifle\". The distributor was Edenpine (USA) Inc., headquartered in San Jose, California. When Edenpine folded in 1994, the totality of the rights passed to Bushmaster, who manufactured it as the \"Bushmaster M17S\", starting just a few months before the approval of the Federal Assault Weapons Ban. The M17S was the only American-made bullpup rifle to be offered commercially, and the only one not banned by name. The BATF approved a version with a longer barrel sleeve which covered more of the muzzle thread. This made it impossible to securely attach the M16-style \"Birdcage\" flash hider without modification of the barrel sleeve. Design The Bushmaster M17S is a semi-automatic rifle that uses a gas-operated, rotating bolt. The design takes the operating system of the Armalite AR-18 and moves the pistol grip forward in a manner similar to the British SA80. Instead of the sheet metal receiver of the AR18 and SA80, the Bushmaster M17S uses an extruded 7075-T6 aluminum receiver that serves as the stock and foregrip as well. This method of construction is particularly efficient and was subsequently copied by other designs. Operation is a short-stroke fixed piston system that is self-compensating. The rifle is chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO and accepts STANAG magazines. The main drawback of the subsequent modified design, reported by some users, was the tendency of its aluminum hand guard to become hot after one or two magazines were emptied in rapid fire. Bushmaster discontinued production of the M17S in 2005. Variants A more up to date version is offered by K&M Arms and chambered in at least four calibers. See also List of bullpup firearms References External links Modifications and spare parts Kmaerospace.com Modern Firearms article Operators manual Article at CheaperThanDirt.com \"K&M Arms homepage\" 5.56 mm firearms Bullpup rifles Rifles of the United States Bushmaster firearms", "title": "Bushmaster M17S" } ]

[ "M17 ( full size )", "M18 ( compact )" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15637875", "text": "Desilets v. Clearview Regional Board of Education, 137 N.J. 585 (1994), was a New Jersey Supreme Court decision that held that public school curricular student newspapers that have not been established as forums for student expression are subject to a lower level of First Amendment protection than independent student expression or newspapers established (by policy or practice) as forums for student expression. Background The Clearview Regional High School District had an extracurricular club that produced the Pioneer Press student newspaper. Brien Desilents, a student member of the club, submitted movie reviews for Mississippi Burning and Rain Man but the school principal blocked them from being printed, not because the reviews themselves were problematic, but because the underlying movies were R-rated. The student's mother then filed suit in state court claiming violations of both the federal and state constitution. The New Jersey Supreme Court did find that the school paper was not a public forum. However, because they held that the school did not have a consistent policy related to \"pedagogical concerns\" they felt that in this circumstance censorship was not warranted. The Student Press Law Center explains it best. \"in Desilets v. Clearview Regional Board of Education the New Jersey Supreme Court rejected school officials’ justifications for censoring reviews of R-rated movies from a student newspaper under the Hazelwood standard as “equivocal and inconsistent.” The court noted that there was nothing offensive in the reviews, that R-rated movies were discussed in class by teachers, that such reviews were available in the school library and that the student newspaper had, in fact, reviewed such movies in the past.\" Also another source states, \" HELD: The judgment of the Appellate Division is affirmed, substantially for the reasons expressed in the majority opinion below. The Court also determines that the school, as a non-public forum, failed to prove that it had established a policy related to legitimate pedagogical concerns.\" Basis The First Amendment Freedom of Speech clause was not violated by the school district because the First Amendment protection for student expression described in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District does not compel a public school to affirmatively sponsor speech that conflicts with its educational goals. The school-funded newspaper at issue was also not considered to be a public forum under the totality of circumstances present in the case, and therefore, its editors were entitled to a lower level of First Amendment protection than is applicable to independent student newspapers or those newspapers that have, by policy or practice, opened their pages to student opinion. \"The trial court ruled that the school principal's decision to delete the pupil's movie reviews from the school newspaper did not violate his expressional rights under the First Amendment of the Federal Constitution because such action was reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns, as required by the United States Supreme Court in Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier.\" Nevertheless, the trial court determined that the student's rights had been violated under the State Constitution, which, it found,", "title": "Desilets v. Clearview Regional Board of Education" } ]

[ "Congress" ]

[ { "docid": "156475", "text": "Jean-Pierre Boyer (; 15 February 1776 – 9 July 1850) was one of the leaders of the Haitian Revolution, and the president of Haiti from 1818 to 1843. He reunited the north and south of the country into the Republic of Haiti in 1820 and also annexed the newly independent Spanish Haiti (Santo Domingo), which brought all of Hispaniola under one Haitian government by 1822. Serving as president for just under 25 years, Boyer managed to rule for the longest period of time of any Haitian leader. Early life and education Boyer was born in Port-au-Prince and was the biracial son of a French tailor and an African mother, a former slave from the Congo. He was sent to France by his father for his education. During the French Revolution, he fought as a battalion commander, and fought against Toussaint Louverture in the early years of the Haitian Revolution. He later allied himself with André Rigaud, also of mulatto ancestry, in the latter's abortive insurrection against Toussaint to try to keep control of the southern region of Saint-Domingue. After going into exile in France, Boyer and Alexandre Pétion returned in 1802 with the French troops led by General Charles Leclerc. After it became clear the French were going to try to reimpose slavery and restrictions on free gens de couleur, Boyer joined the patriots under Pétion and Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who led the colony to independence. After Pétion rose to power in the Republic of Haiti in the South, he chose Boyer as his successor. He was reportedly under the influence of his (and his predecessor's) lover, Marie-Madeleine Lachenais, who acted as his political adviser. When Santo Domingo became independent late in 1821, Boyer was quick to occupy and gain control, uniting the entire island under his rule by 9 February 1822. Boyer ruled the island of Hispaniola until 1843, when he lost the support of the ruling elite and was ousted. Military career After the uprising of African slaves in the north of Saint-Domingue in 1791, Boyer joined with the French Commissioners and went there to fight against the grand blancs (plantation owners) and royalists. In 1794, Saint-Domingue was invaded by British forces trying to capitalize on the current unrest to capture the colony. Boyer went to Jacmel, where he joined forces with mulatto leader, General André Rigaud. While other mulatto leaders surrendered to Toussaint Louverture in southern Saint-Domingue, Boyer escaped to France with Rigaud and Alexandre Pétion. At the time, the United States supported French efforts to re-establish control over the colony, and France dispatched 20,000 troops to Saint-Dominingue. Boyer traveled to Paris, where he stayed until 1801. Next, he returned to Haiti to protest the independence that Toussaint Louverture had just achieved. By early 1802, Rigaud and other leaders learned that the French intended to take away the civil rights of mulattoes and re-institute slavery for former slaves in Saint-Domingue (as they had managed to do in Guadeloupe.) They sent General LeClerc to defeat the rebels, and over", "title": "Jean-Pierre Boyer" } ]

[]

[ "Haiti" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15616980", "text": "PMAT may refer to: Plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) Four phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Prophase: Chromatin into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope break down, chromosomes attach to spindle fibres by their centromeres. Metaphase: Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate (centre of the cell). Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell. Telophase: Two new nuclear envelopes form, chromosomes unfold into chromatin, cytokinesis can begin. Cytokinesis: The process that finally splits the parent cell into two identical daughter cells.", "title": "PMAT" } ]

[ "chiasmata" ]

[ { "docid": "1565005", "text": "Retinal hemorrhage (UK English: retinal haemorrhage) is a disorder of the eye in which bleeding occurs in the retina, the light sensitive tissue, located on the back wall of the eye. There are photoreceptor cells in the retina called rods and cones, which transduce light energy into nerve signals that can be processed by the brain to form visual images. Retinal hemorrhage is strongly associated with child abuse in infants and young children and often leaves such abused infants permanently blind. In older children and adults, retinal hemorrhage can be caused by several medical conditions such as hypertension, retinal vein occlusion (a blockage of a retinal vein), anemia, leukemia or diabetes. Signs and symptoms At the early stage, a retinal hemorrhage may not show any symptom at all. Some symptoms may include: Seeing floaters in the vision Seeing cobwebs in the vision Seeing haze or shadows Distorted vision Rapid flashes of light in peripheral vision Red tint to vision Blurriness Sudden blindness Headache Causes In adults, retinal hemorrhages are largely spontaneous, secondary to chronic medical conditions such as hypertension. They also commonly occur in high altitude climbers, most likely due to the effects of systemic hypoxia on the eye. Risk is correlated with the maximum altitude reached, duration of exposure to high altitude conditions, and climb rate. In infants, retinal hemorrhages (RH) are highly associated with child abuse. The incidence of RH in abusive head trauma is approximately 85%. In a comprehensive review of 62 studies comprising 998 children, 504 of whom were abused, RH were found in 78% of cases of abusive head trauma (AHT) versus 5% of the cases of non-abusive head trauma. In a child with head trauma and RH, the odds ratio that this is AHT is 14.7 (95% CI 6.39, 33.62) and the probability of abuse is 91%. Where recorded, RH were bilateral in 83% of AHT cases compared to 8.3% in non-abusive cases. Diagnosis A retinal hemorrhage is generally diagnosed by using an ophthalmoscope or fundus camera in order to examine the inside of the eye. A fluorescein angiography test may be conducted, in which a fluorescent dye is often injected into the patient's bloodstream beforehand so the administering ophthalmologist can have a more detailed view and examination on the blood vessels in the retina. The fluorescent dye can have dangerous side effects: see Fluorescein Eye examination may be done to check the eye(s) conditions, for instance to check how well the patient sees straight ahead, off to the sides and at different distances. Blood tests may provide information about the patient's overall health and may also reveal the medical condition that may have caused retinal hemorrhage. Prevention It is recommended to consult with ophthalmologist or optometrist as early as possible, particularly for people with vision problems, these include floaters, flashes, cobwebs or spots in their vision. Preventive measures such as regular prenatal care and monitoring of infants with high risks of the disorder may be done to avoid further complications of retinal hemorrhages", "title": "Retinal haemorrhage" } ]

[]

[ "in the retina" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "23024648", "text": "In spherical geometry, a spherical lune (or biangle) is an area on a sphere bounded by two half great circles which meet at antipodal points. It is an example of a digon, {2}θ, with dihedral angle θ. The word \"lune\" derives from luna, the Latin word for Moon. Properties Great circles are the largest possible circles (circumferences) of a sphere; each one divides the surface of the sphere into two equal halves. Two great circles always intersect at two polar opposite points. Common examples of great circles are lines of longitude (meridians) on a sphere, which meet at the north and south poles. A spherical lune has two planes of symmetry. It can be bisected into two lunes of half the angle, or it can be bisected by an equatorial line into two right spherical triangles. Surface area The surface area of a spherical lune is 2θ R2, where R is the radius of the sphere and θ is the dihedral angle in radians between the two half great circles. When this angle equals 2π radians (360°) — i.e., when the second half great circle has moved a full circle, and the lune in between covers the sphere as a spherical monogon — the area formula for the spherical lune gives 4πR2, the surface area of the sphere. Examples A hosohedron is a tessellation of the sphere by lunes. A n-gonal regular hosohedron, {2,n} has n equal lunes of π/n radians. An n-hosohedron has dihedral symmetry Dnh, [n,2], (*22n) of order 4n. Each lune individually has cyclic symmetry C2v, [2], (*22) of order 4. Each hosohedra can be divided by an equatorial bisector into two equal spherical triangles. Astronomy The visibly lighted portion of the Moon visible from the Earth is a spherical lune. The first of the two intersecting great circles is the terminator between the sunlit half of the Moon and the dark half. The second great circle is a terrestrial terminator that separates the half visible from the Earth from the unseen half. The spherical lune is a lighted crescent shape seen from Earth. n-sphere lunes Lunes can be defined on higher dimensional spheres as well. In 4-dimensions a 3-sphere is a generalized sphere. It can contain regular digon lunes as {2}θ,φ, where θ and φ are two dihedral angles. For example, a regular hosotope {2,p,q} has digon faces, {2}2π/p,2π/q, where its vertex figure is a spherical platonic solid, {p,q}. Each vertex of {p,q} defines an edge in the hosotope and adjacent pairs of those edges define lune faces. Or more specifically, the regular hosotope {2,4,3}, has 2 vertices, 8 180° arc edges in a cube, {4,3}, vertex figure between the two vertices, 12 lune faces, {2}π/4,π/3, between pairs of adjacent edges, and 6 hosohedral cells, {2,p}π/3. References Beyer, W. H. CRC Standard Mathematical Tables, 28th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, p. 130, 1987. Harris, J. W. and Stocker, H. \"Spherical Wedge.\" §4.8.6 in Handbook of Mathematics and Computational Science. New York: Springer-Verlag, p. 108, 1998.", "title": "Spherical lune" } ]

[ "bisection" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "2303756", "text": "Nidāna () is a Sanskrit and Pali word that means \"cause, motivation or occasion\" depending on the context. The word is derived from the Sanskrit prefix ni- (; \"down\", \"into\") plus the root dā (; \"to bind\"), forming the verb nidā (; \"to bind on, fasten\"). This in turn yields the noun nidāna (; lit. \"a band, rope or halter\"). It appears in the Rigveda, such as hymn 10.114.2, and other Hindu scriptures, wherein it means \"primary or first cause, linked cause\"; in other contexts such as Rigveda 6.32.6, nidāna refers to the literal meaning of a rope or band that links, binds or fastens one thing to another, such as a horse to a cart. The word has been borrowed into modern languages such as Hindi and Marathi to mean \"diagnosis\" or \"primary cause\" among others. Buddhism Nidāna is the term used to describe the standard introduction of a Buddhist sutra, where the formula \"Thus have I heard\" (attributed to Ānanda) is followed by a description of the location and occasion on which the Buddha gave a particular teaching. The other primary use of nidāna in the Buddhist tradition is in the context of the Twelve Nidānas, also called the \"Twelve Links of Dependent Origination\". These links present the mechanistic basis of repeated birth, saṃsāra, and resultant duḥkha (suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness) starting from avidyā (ignorance, misconceptions). Hinduism The term nidāna appears in numerous ancient and medieval Hindu texts wherein it means \"first cause, primary cause, original or essential cause\". This includes the Upanishads that include theosophical speculations, as well as medical texts such as Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita, where a large sub-book is titled Nidāna Sthāna (; \"Pathology\"), as well as in chapters of the Puranas, wherein these discuss cause of disease or various natural phenomena. See also Vipassana Samādhi Dhyāna in Buddhism Samatha Notes Buddhist philosophical concepts", "title": "Nidana" } ]

[ "Rope splicing" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "23025960", "text": "Little Doses are a Scottish alternative rock band from Edinburgh, Scotland, who were formed in 2006. The band comprises lead vocalist Kirsten Ross, Mark McClelland on bass guitar, Michael Branagh on drums and backing vocals, Chris Alderson and Mike Skinner on guitar. They released their debut album, Rock Riot Soul on McClelland's Black Ditto Recordings label in March 2012. History and formation Mark McClelland was one of the founding members of Snow Patrol, along with Gary Lightbody, in 1994. They joined with drummer Michael Morrison in 1994 at the University of Dundee, where they were studying. The trio formed the band Shrug, which would be the earliest incarnation of Snow Patrol. Morrison left Shrug in 1996. In 1997, the band changed their name to Polarbear. They band released their first EP under this name the same year under Electric Honey. However, they changed their name after discovering ex-Jane's Addiction bassist Eric Avery already had a side-project of the same name. The band then recruited drummer Jonny Quinn and Snow Patrol was born. Snow Patrol were signed to the then-fledgling Jeepster label, home to Belle & Sebastian. They became only the second act to be signed by Jeepster. The band recorded two studio albums under Jeepster - Songs for Polarbears and When It's All Over We Still Have to Clear Up. The albums were not commercially successful at the time, and the label ultimately terminated their contract. In 2003, the band signed to Fiction/Interscope, and released their third album Final Straw. The album was a commercial success, boosted by the single \"Run\", which reached No. 5 on the UK Singles Chart. The band toured heavily for Final Straw. As touring neared its end, McClelland left the band. An official statement concerning the leaving read: Following the split, McClelland turned to writing music. McClelland had known drummer Michael Branagh for a few years. They had first met at the Colombia Hotel after a Degrassi gig. When Degrassi went on a hiatus, McClelland gave him a call. He set up an audition via the internet, and as a result, guitarist Paul Mellon, former F.O. Machete guitarist joined the duo. Along with McClelland's girlfriend (now wife) Kirsten Ross on vocals, Little Doses was formed. The band The acts Little Doses have cited as influences are - Sparklehorse, Super Furry Animals, Grant Lee Buffalo, Red House Painters, Pavement, Blondie, Pete Yorn, Coldplay, Harry and the Potters, Stevie Wonder, Dawn of the Replicants, The Secret Machines, Deus, Jeff Buckley, Nick Drake, Pixies, David Bowie, The Afghan Whigs and The Twilight Singers. To date, the band has seen three guitarists. The original guitarist Paul Mellon left the band to join Red Light Company and then returned to his previous band F.O. Machete. The second guitarist, Laurence Lean returned to his original band Annie Christian. The third guitarist, Richard Beeby, who joined in March 2008 left in May 2009 to a reincarnation of his former band, now called Death Trap City. The band's appearance at the Leith Festival", "title": "Little Doses" } ]

[ "Martha Wainwright" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15620024", "text": "Mahabat Khan () (full title Mahabat Khan Khan-e-Khanan Sipah-Salar Zamana Beg Kabuli), born Zamana Beg (died 1634), was a prominent Mughal general and statesman, perhaps best known for his coup against the Mughal Emperor Jahangir in 1626. He also served Subahdar of Malwa Subah from 1611 to 1623 and Bengal Subah during 1625–1626. He earned the title Khan-i-Khanan from emperor Shah Jahan. Early life Born Zamana Beg, Khan's father was Ghiwar Beg Kabuli who came from Kabul and subsequently to India. He was of Persian origin. Career in the Mughal Army Upon entering the Mughal service, Zamana Beg enjoyed a rapid ascent through the ranks of the Mughal army. He began his military career in the personal forces of Crown Prince Salim (who later went on to become Emperor Jahangir). Having endeared himself to the crown prince, he was soon made an officer in charge of 500 men. Prince Salim sent him to Malik Ambar to remove the campaign of Prince Daniyal in the Deccan. He also led Salim’s army during the Rajputana campaign in Mewar. Mahabat Khan was gifted a concubine from Mewar; she died in childbirth. Upon Jahangir's rise to the throne in 1605, he was granted the honorific title Mahabat Khan, and was promoted to the rank of commander of 1,500 men, and bakhshi (treasurer) of the emperor's private privy purse. Mahabat Khan rose to prominence in 1623, when he was made commander of the Mughal forces sent to defeat the unsuccessful rebellion of Prince Khurram (who later went on to become Emperor Shah Jahan) in the Deccan. For his loyal service, he was recognised as a 'pillar of the state', and was ultimately promoted to chief commander of the Mughal army, with a personal force of 7,000 men. Rebellion Mahabat Khan's success in quelling Prince Khurram's rebellion was not met with pleasure by many members of the Mughal court, who began to fear and resent the general's growing prestige and influence. Empress Nur Jahan was especially concerned, and in an effort to curb Mahabat Khan's rising power, she arranged to have him made governor of Bengal, a province far removed from the Mughal capital at Lahore. Furthermore, in an effort to humiliate him in the imperial court, Nur Jahan had him charged with disloyal conduct and ordered him to return to Lahore to face trial. As a result of Nur Jahan's machinations against him, Mahabat Khan decided to take action, and so in 1626, he led an army of loyal Rajput soldiers to the Punjab. He had also brought the wives and families of many of them, so that, if driven to extremity, they would fight to the last for the lives and honour of themselves and their families . Meanwhile, Jahangir and his retinue were preparing to head to Kabul, and were encamped on the banks of the River Jhelum. Mahabat Khan and his forces attacked the royal encampment, and successfully took the emperor hostage; Nur Jahan, however, managed to escape. Mahabat Khan declared himself", "title": "Mahabat Khan" } ]

[ "Roe" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "23018783", "text": "The 12th Australian Recording Industry Association Music Awards (generally known as the ARIA Music Awards or simply The ARIAS) was held on 20 October 1998 at the Sydney Convention & Exhibition Centre. Presenters, including Democrats deputy leader Natasha Stott Despoja and former Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, distributed 29 awards with the big winner Natalie Imbruglia receiving six trophies. In addition to previous categories, a new category Best Rock Album, was presented to the Superjesus for Sumo. An Outstanding Achievement Award was presented to Savage Garden for \"world sales of 8 million and counting.\" The ARIA Hall of Fame inducted: the Angels and the Masters Apprentices. Ceremony details The ceremony was hosted by comedian and TV presenter Paul McDermott with a capacity crowd of 1900 attending. Presenters (see below for full list) distributed 29 trophies. Best Group winners the Whitlams received their award from the group's namesake Gough Whitlam. The former Prime Minister announced \"It's my family.\" Once on stage the members knelt at his feet. Upon accepting Savage Garden's award for Outstanding Achievement – selling more than eight million copies world-wide – band member Darren Hayes reflected, \"My nephew told me not to come home without the Wiggles' autographs.\" Presenters and performers The ARIA Awards ceremony was hosted by Australian comedian and TV presenter Paul McDermott. Presenters and performers were: Awards Final nominees for awards are shown in plain, with winners in bold. ARIA Awards Album of the Year Regurgitator – Unit Natalie Imbruglia – Left of the Middle Kylie Minogue – Impossible Princess The Whitlams – Eternal Nightcap You Am I – #4 Record Single of the Year Natalie Imbruglia – \"Torn\" The Living End – \"Second Solution / Prisoner of Society\" The Mavis's – \"Cry\" Kylie Minogue – \"Did It Again\" The Whitlams – \"No Aphrodisiac\" Highest Selling Album Savage Garden – Savage Garden John Farnham – Anthology Midnight Oil – 20,000 Watt R.S.L. The 12th Man – Bill Lawry... This Is Your Life Tina Arena – In Deep Highest Selling Single The Living End – \"Second Solution / Prisoner of Society\" John Farnham & Human Nature – \"Every Time You Cry\" Natalie Imbruglia – \"Big Mistake\" Natalie Imbruglia – \"Torn\" Tina Arena – \"Burn\" Best Group The Whitlams – Eternal Nightcap Regurgitator – Unit Savage Garden – \"Universe\" The Superjesus – Sumo You Am I – #4 Record Best Female Artist Natalie Imbruglia – Left of the Middle Tina Arena – In Deep Monique Brumby – Thylacine Kate Ceberano – \"Pash\" Kylie Minogue – Impossible Princess Best Male Artist Paul Kelly – Words and Music Ed Kuepper – Live! Mark Seymour – King Without a Clue Matt Walker – I Listen to the Night Chris Wilson – The Long Weekend Best New Talent Natalie Imbruglia – Left of the Middle Bachelor Girl – \"Buses and Trains\" Groove Terminator – \"Losing Ground\" Diana Anaid – \"I Go Off\" Marie Wilson – \"Next Time\" Breakthrough Artist – Album Natalie Imbruglia – Left of the Middle Cordrazine – From Here", "title": "ARIA Music Awards of 1998" } ]

[ "Dido and Aeneas" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1566853", "text": "\"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson recorded for his sixth studio album Thriller (1982). It is the opening track of the album and was released as its fourth single on May 9, 1983, by Epic Records. It was written and co-produced by Jackson and produced by Quincy Jones. The lyrics pertain to strangers spreading rumors to start an argument for no good reason. \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" evokes the disco sound of Jackson's previous studio album, Off the Wall, released in 1979. The song is characterized by a complex rhythm arrangement and a distinctive horn arrangement. \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" became Jackson's fourth consecutive top 10 single from Thriller on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number five. The song also topped the charts in Canada as well as the Netherlands and charted within the top 20 and top 30 in several countries. It was generally well received by contemporary music critics. As part of the release of Thriller 25, a remix of \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\", titled \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' 2008 with Akon\", was recorded with Akon, and released as the second single from the album. The remix was commercially successful, mainly charting within the top 10 in six countries, as well as the top 20 in several territories worldwide and top 40 in Canada. It was more successful internationally than in the United States, having peaked on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 81, which was the song's lowest charting position. Unlike previous singles from Thriller, \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" did not have a music video to accompany it but was performed by Jackson on world concert tours as both a member of The Jacksons and as a solo artist. Following Jackson's death in June 2009, the song re-entered music charts worldwide. \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" has been covered and sampled by multiple recording artists since its release, notably by Rihanna in her 2007 song \"Don't Stop the Music\", who was sued as a result. Aside from Thriller, the song appears on multiple compilation and greatest hits albums by Jackson. Background \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" was written, composed and co-produced by Michael Jackson, and produced by Quincy Jones. It was originally written for his sister La Toya Jackson about her troubled relationship with her sisters-in-law, but Michael ended up recording the song, and La Toya sometimes performs the song at her concerts. The song was originally recorded in 1978 for the inclusion on the Off the Wall album, but was later re-recorded in fall 1982, in Los Angeles, California. \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" was one of the four songs that Jackson received writing credits on for his sixth studio album Thriller in 1982. The song was released by Epic Records as the fourth single from the album. Unlike Thrillers previous singles, \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" did not have a film or a music video released to promote it. Aside from Thriller, \"Wanna Be Startin' Somethin\" has appeared on multiple compilation and", "title": "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" } ]

[ "December 2 , 1983" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15669741", "text": "Diana Gordon, previously known by her stage name Wynter Gordon (born August 25, 1985), is an American singer and songwriter. She began her career writing music for other artists, later signing with Atlantic Records where she started to work on her own album. Her debut album With the Music I Die was released in 2011, with its lead single \"Dirty Talk\" receiving triple platinum and gold certifications in Australia and the United Kingdom. She began going by her birth name in 2016, and released the extended plays Pure (2018) and Wasted Youth (2020) Gordon has co-written and performed backing vocals on many popular songs including \"Sorry\" by Beyoncé, \"Electricity\" by Silk City and Dua Lipa, and \"Bad Habit\" by Steve Lacy. Most recently, she provided vocals for several tracks on Lil Yachty's psychedelic rock album Let's Start Here (2023). Early life Gordon was born in Queens, New York City, and was brought up in South Jamaica, where she was the middle child of six siblings. Gordon began singing at a young age. She and her siblings would perform together in church. It was during high school that Gordon decided that she was going to pursue a music career. She was later accepted to the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts and interned at a record company. Gordon wrote her first complete song, \"Daddy's Song\", at the age of 15. She has described song writing as an \"escape from poverty\" Career 2004–2010: Career beginnings Gordon worked closely with the producer D'Mile since 2004; her first track to fame, \"Gonna Breakthrough\", written by Gordon and produced by D'Mile, was used as the title track to Mary J. Blige's 2005 album The Breakthrough. Soon after, Wynter was given an opportunity to sign with Atlantic Records, through Don Pooh Music Group, where she began work on her debut album in 2004. In 2008, Gordon wrote two tracks for Danity Kane's second album Welcome to the Dollhouse, \"2 of You\" and \"Do Me Good\". She co-wrote the single \"Sugar\", a track that she was featured on with rapper Flo Rida on his album R.O.O.T.S. (2009) after laying down a reference vocal. The track became an international hit and peaked at number five on the US Billboard Hot 100. Gordon also co-wrote and sang on the dance track \"Toyfriend\" from French DJ David Guetta's album One Love (2009). She worked closely with Jennifer Lopez, writing four tracks including \"What Is Love\", \"What Is Love Part II\", \"Starting Over\" and \"Everybody's Girl\" for her seventh studio album Love? (2011). 2011–2013: With the Music I Die and Human Condition EPs Gordon released her debut album, With the Music I Die, on June 17, 2011. The lead single from the album, \"Dirty Talk\", topped the US Hot Dance Club Songs. \"Dirty Talk\" also topped the charts in Australia, where it was certified 3× Platinum. The song was released in the UK and Ireland on February 18, 2011, where it peaked at No. 25", "title": "Diana Gordon (singer)" } ]

[ "the sadness of dying young" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "23028428", "text": "Robert David Holden CBE (born 6 April 1956) is a British accountant, born in Manchester. He holds a degree in Economics from Lancaster University. Holden initially worked at the Barrow-in-Furness shipyard, working on Trident. In 1996, Holden became finance director of London and Continental Railways (\"LCR\") and soon moved on to chief executive and chairman of LCR and also Eurostar. He oversaw the two phase construction of a high speed railway line from the Channel Tunnel to London at a cost of over £5b. The first phase, which terminated at Waterloo station opened in 2003. The second phase, from Ebbsfleet, Kent, into St Pancras Station was opened as High Speed One on 6 November 2007. The grand opening of St Pancras station was attended by Queen Elizabeth II, the Duke of Edinburgh and the prime minister, Gordon Brown. Holden was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2009 New Year Honours for services to the rail industry. In 2009 he was appointed chief executive of Crossrail, building a new train line across London. Rob Holden took home £554,495 in pay and benefits, more than £160,000 above the pay package received by TfL commissioner Peter Hendy, who has refused to take his £132,409 bonus. (thisislondon.co.uk) In January 2011 Holden announced his departure from the post of Chief Executive of Crossrail. \"It's time in my career to fulfil my ambition for a portfolio of non-executive jobs,\" Holden told the Daily Telegraph.\"If I didn't make the move now, I never will. If I stayed at Crossrail until its completion, I will be 63 and that would be too late.The time is right. We awarded major tunneling contracts just before Christmas and now there is no doubt about the project.\" Philip Hammond, the Transport Secretary, paid tribute saying \"Rob has been a great champion for Crossrail during his time in charge of the project, taking it from Royal Assent to the start of construction. Of course, I would have been delighted if he had committed the next eight years of his life to the project but I understand his reasons for leaving and I wish him every success in the future. Thanks to Rob a robust management structure is in place which will ensure the project will continue successfully and will transform London’s transport landscape. The Government is committed to Crossrail and I look forward to working closely with Rob’s successor.\" Holden is married with two children, and lives in Hertfordshire. References Living people 1956 births Alumni of Lancaster University British accountants British chief executives Crossrail Commanders of the Order of the British Empire", "title": "Rob Holden" } ]

[ "St Pancras International" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "23019142", "text": "Copenhagen Historic Grand Prix is a vintage motor sports car race held annually on the grounds of Bellahøj in Copenhagen, Denmark. It has been arranged since 2001 (at Fælledparken from 2001 to 2012) and takes place in the first weekend of August. Prince Joachim of Denmark is a regular participator along with numerous Danish and International professional racing drivers. Cars compete separately in various classes, including a large number of vehicles in the pre-World War II class. Around 200 vintage cars participate, such as Bentley's from the 1920s, Bugatti's from the 1930s, Jaguar's and Porsche's from the 1950s and Lotus Cortina's, Alfa Romeo's and Jaguar E's from the 1960s. The only non-historic car to participate in the event was the Zenvo ST1. The Royal Pro-Am Class is the class where Prince Joachim and other amateurs share their cars with professional drivers. In 2008, 25 Le Mans drivers attended the race, including the eight time Le Mans winner Tom Kristensen. The event also features other races, such as the Danish Thundersport Championship, Super GT Danmark, TCR Denmark, Pure ETCR, and Legends Cars. In addition, various other demonstrations, presentations and car shows take place as well as the marking of historic car models. Lap records As of August 2022, the fastest official race lap records at the Bellahøj Park Copenhagen Historic Grand Prix Circuit are listed as: References External links Copenhagen Historic Grand Prix official web site Sports car races Historic motorsport events Motorsport venues in Denmark Annual events in Denmark", "title": "Copenhagen Historic Grand Prix" } ]

[ "30 years old or more" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15626917", "text": "The 2008 season was the Arizona Cardinals' 89th in the National Football League (NFL), their 21st season in Arizona, and their second under head coach Ken Whisenhunt. The season marked the Cardinals' first Super Bowl appearance, coming as a result of their victory against the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Championship. The Cardinals slogan for the season was \"Shock The World!\" Riding the back of quarterback Kurt Warner, who had gone from being a backup for the St. Louis Rams in 1999 to leading the Greatest Show on Turf to a Super Bowl XXXIV victory, and franchise wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald, the Cardinals went on a playoff run for the ages after having won just one playoff game in the last sixty years, as Warner once again recreated the magic he had captured with the Rams. (Coincidentally, both teams were based in St. Louis at one point or another, only to relocate to different cities.) The Cardinals began their season by compiling a 7–3 record by Week 11 and finished the regular season with a 9–7 record (their first winning season in 10 years), which was good enough to win the NFC West, and the Cardinals, for the first time since 1947, hosted a playoff game. In that wild card game, the Cardinals defeated the Atlanta Falcons. The next week, for the Divisional round of the playoffs, the Cardinals traveled to Charlotte, North Carolina, where they upset the number 2 seeded Carolina Panthers. Then, because the Philadelphia Eagles also achieved an upset the same week (against the top-seeded New York Giants), the number-four seed Cardinals hosted the NFC Championship game, where they defeated the Eagles and qualified for the Super Bowl for the first time in franchise history. In Super Bowl XLIII, the Cardinals' winning streak ended. Though they led the Pittsburgh Steelers with less than a minute left to play in the game, they lost, 27–23. The 2008 Cardinals were the second 9–7 team to reach the Super Bowl, joining the Los Angeles Rams in Super Bowl XIV, who also lost to the Steelers; however, the Rams had to win only two playoff games, rather than three, to reach the Super Bowl. Three years later in Super Bowl XLVI, the New York Giants would become the first 9–7 team to win, overshadowing the Cardinals' achievement. In 2014, Athlon Sports ranked the 2008 Cardinals as the fourth-worst team to ever make the Super Bowl. Coaching staff 2008 NFL Draft selections Roster Schedule Preseason Regular season Standings Regular season results Week 1: at San Francisco 49ers The Cardinals began their 2008 campaign on the road against their NFC West rival, the San Francisco 49ers. In the first quarter, Arizona took flight as kicker Neil Rackers got a 25-yard field goal. The 49ers responded with RB Frank Gore's 41-yard TD run. In the second quarter, the Cardinals responded with QB Kurt Warner completing a one-yard TD pass to WR Larry Fitzgerald, yet San Francisco tied the game with kicker Joe Nedney getting", "title": "2008 Arizona Cardinals season" } ]

[ "2017" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "1565607", "text": "The Adventures of Swiss Family Robinson is a 1998 family adventure series that originally aired on Pax. Based on the 1812 novel The Swiss Family Robinson by Johann David Wyss, it follows the adventures of nine survivors of a shipwreck as they attempt to adapt to life on a deserted island. It lasted for one season, with 10 three episode segments. Background This was the fifth television series based on the 1812 novel and followed nearly a dozen theatrical and made-for-television film versions. Like many of these previous versions, it altered story lines and added several members to the cast of characters. Broadcast The show contained 10 story arcs of three episodes each and aired on closely spaced dates over seven weeks in September and October 1998. It was one of the first shows broadcast on the newly formed PAX network. It was also aired on Sri Lanka National Television dubbed in Sinhala language under the title (\"රොබින්සන් අන්දරය\"). Cast and characters Richard Thomas as David Robinson Margo Gunn as Elizabeth Robinson Kieren Hutchison as Ernst Robinson Charlotte Woollams as Joanna Robinson Mia Koning as Christina Robinson Chantelle Yee as Emily Chen K.C. Kelly as Jed Parsons Gareth Howell as Ben Thomas Junior Chile as Billy Episodes \"Survival (Part 1)\" (September 1, 1998) \"Survival (Part 2)\" (September 2, 1998) \"Survival (Part 3)\" (September 3, 1998) \"The Island of the Gods (Part 1)\" (September 4, 1998) \"The Island of the Gods (Part 2)\" (September 8, 1998) \"The Island of the Gods (Part 3)\" (September 9, 1998) \"Invasion (Part 1)\" (September 10, 1998) \"Invasion (Part 2)\" (September 11, 1998) \"Invasion (Part 3)\" (September 14, 1998) \"Princess From the Sea (Part 1)\" (September 15, 1998) \"Princess From the Sea (Part 2)\" (September 16, 1998) \"Princess From the Sea (Part 3)\" (September 17, 1998) \"Captives (Part 1)\" (September 20, 1998) \"Captives (Part 2)\" (September 21, 1998) \"Captives (Part 3)\" (September 22, 1998) \"The Ghost of Raven Jones (Part 1)\" (September 23, 1998) \"The Ghost of Raven Jones (Part 2)\" (September 26, 1998) \"The Ghost of Raven Jones (Part 3)\" (September 27, 1998) \"The Treasure Hunt (Part 1)\" (September 28, 1998) \"The Treasure Hunt (Part 2)\" (September 29, 1998) \"The Treasure Hunt (Part 3)\" (October 2, 1998) \"Star-Crossed Lovers (Part 1)\" (October 3, 1998) \"Star-Crossed Lovers (Part 2)\" (October 4, 1998) \"Star-Crossed Lovers (Part 3)\" (October 5, 1998) \"Paradise Lost (Part 1)\" (October 8, 1998) \"Paradise Lost (Part 2)\" (October 9, 1998) \"Paradise Lost (Part 3)\" (October 10, 1998) \"Boston (Part 1)\" (October 11, 1998) \"Boston (Part 2)\" (October 14, 1998) \"Boston (Part 3)\" (October 15, 1998) Media information Questar/Sunset Home Visual Entertainment (SHE) released a complete series DVD in 2005. References External links The Adventures of Swiss Family Robinson (Official) at Facebook.com 1990s American drama television series 1998 American television series debuts 1998 American television series endings American adventure television series Period family drama television series Television shows based on Swiss novels American television shows based on children's books Television series about families The", "title": "The Adventures of Swiss Family Robinson" } ]

[ "October 17 , 2008" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "156587", "text": "The Death Eaters are characters featured in the Harry Potter series of novels and films. They are a radical group of wizards and witches, led by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who seek to purify the wizarding community by eliminating wizards and witches born to non-magical parents. They attempt to create a new order within the Ministry of Magic by spreading fear through the wizarding community and murdering those who speak out against them. Their primary opposition is the Order of the Phoenix. Death Eaters recognise one another by the Dark Mark, a sigil branded on each of their left forearms that allows Voldemort to summon any of them instantly. Their typical attire includes black hooded robes and masks. The Death Eaters as a group first appeared in the novel Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, although individual members of the group, such as Severus Snape, Lucius Malfoy, and Peter Pettigrew had appeared in earlier books in the series. The group had also been mentioned indirectly in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, when followers of Voldemort were mentioned. They were mentioned the first time directly in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Synopsis Pre-Harry Potter The Death Eaters first existed over 11 years before the events of the books, torturing and murdering Muggles (people without magical abilities), as well as anyone who opposed them, including wizards who support Muggles (such as the Weasley family). Around 10 years after the Death Eaters first surfaced, a Seer named Sybill Trelawney made a prophecy about a boy who would have the power to defeat Voldemort forever. The prophecy could have referred to two different boys, Harry Potter or Neville Longbottom; however, Voldemort chose Harry as said in the prophecy, that \"the Dark Lord would mark him as his equal\". As Voldemort was a half-blood, he chose his \"equal\", Harry, whose mother was a Muggle-born witch, instead of Neville, who came from a long line of pure-blooded wizards. Acting on information from James and Lily Potter's Secret-Keeper Peter Pettigrew, Voldemort attempted to complete the prophecy and kill his infant rival. Due to Harry's mother's sacrifice to save her son, Voldemort's deadly curse rebounded off Harry and disembodied Voldemort. With Voldemort vanquished after failing to kill Harry Potter, the Death Eaters largely disbanded and vanished. The Ministry rounded many of them up and imprisoned them in the Wizarding prison Azkaban, but some eluded justice by claiming they were bewitched by the Imperius Curse (it is implied that Lucius Malfoy did so) or by turning in other Death Eaters, as Igor Karkaroff did; Harry witnesses Karkaroff's testimony against former Death Eaters in Albus Dumbledore's Pensieve during the course of the series. It appears that very few Death Eaters stood for their fallen master and proudly went to Azkaban for him (like Bellatrix Lestrange), since, in the sixth book, Snape states that if Voldemort had refused to welcome back all those who turned their backs", "title": "Death Eater" } ]

[ "Alex Price" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15626917", "text": "The 2008 season was the Arizona Cardinals' 89th in the National Football League (NFL), their 21st season in Arizona, and their second under head coach Ken Whisenhunt. The season marked the Cardinals' first Super Bowl appearance, coming as a result of their victory against the Philadelphia Eagles in the NFC Championship. The Cardinals slogan for the season was \"Shock The World!\" Riding the back of quarterback Kurt Warner, who had gone from being a backup for the St. Louis Rams in 1999 to leading the Greatest Show on Turf to a Super Bowl XXXIV victory, and franchise wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald, the Cardinals went on a playoff run for the ages after having won just one playoff game in the last sixty years, as Warner once again recreated the magic he had captured with the Rams. (Coincidentally, both teams were based in St. Louis at one point or another, only to relocate to different cities.) The Cardinals began their season by compiling a 7–3 record by Week 11 and finished the regular season with a 9–7 record (their first winning season in 10 years), which was good enough to win the NFC West, and the Cardinals, for the first time since 1947, hosted a playoff game. In that wild card game, the Cardinals defeated the Atlanta Falcons. The next week, for the Divisional round of the playoffs, the Cardinals traveled to Charlotte, North Carolina, where they upset the number 2 seeded Carolina Panthers. Then, because the Philadelphia Eagles also achieved an upset the same week (against the top-seeded New York Giants), the number-four seed Cardinals hosted the NFC Championship game, where they defeated the Eagles and qualified for the Super Bowl for the first time in franchise history. In Super Bowl XLIII, the Cardinals' winning streak ended. Though they led the Pittsburgh Steelers with less than a minute left to play in the game, they lost, 27–23. The 2008 Cardinals were the second 9–7 team to reach the Super Bowl, joining the Los Angeles Rams in Super Bowl XIV, who also lost to the Steelers; however, the Rams had to win only two playoff games, rather than three, to reach the Super Bowl. Three years later in Super Bowl XLVI, the New York Giants would become the first 9–7 team to win, overshadowing the Cardinals' achievement. In 2014, Athlon Sports ranked the 2008 Cardinals as the fourth-worst team to ever make the Super Bowl. Coaching staff 2008 NFL Draft selections Roster Schedule Preseason Regular season Standings Regular season results Week 1: at San Francisco 49ers The Cardinals began their 2008 campaign on the road against their NFC West rival, the San Francisco 49ers. In the first quarter, Arizona took flight as kicker Neil Rackers got a 25-yard field goal. The 49ers responded with RB Frank Gore's 41-yard TD run. In the second quarter, the Cardinals responded with QB Kurt Warner completing a one-yard TD pass to WR Larry Fitzgerald, yet San Francisco tied the game with kicker Joe Nedney getting", "title": "2008 Arizona Cardinals season" } ]

[ "2011" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15676361", "text": "ZeniMax Online Studios LLC is an American video game developer and a subsidiary of ZeniMax Media, specializing in massively multiplayer online games. The company developed The Elder Scrolls Online and its downloadable content. ZeniMax Online Studios had around 250 employees in 2012. In addition to the main Hunt Valley, Maryland based office, ZeniMax Online also maintains a satellite studio in Budapest, Hungary as well as a customer support center in Galway, Ireland and an additional office in Austin, Texas. History 2007–2020: Formation, The Elder Scrolls Online The formation of ZeniMax Online Studios was announced by ZeniMax Media on August 1, 2007, to be headed by Matt Firor, a massively multiplayer online game designer and veteran of Mythic Entertainment. The company was built to specialize in the creation of a massively multiplayer online game. In 2007 the company announced a partnership with Simutronics for the use of HeroEngine. In June 2008, ZeniMax Online Studios moved into its current office in Hunt Valley. On March 15, 2010, ZeniMax Online Studios announced that it will be using the Fork Particle SDK to create the particle effects in its unannounced upcoming massively multiplayer game. On March 15, 2011, ZeniMax Online Studios announced plans to open a customer support center in Galway, Ireland. The company's new facility will provide customer support for players of their future massively multiplayer online games and is expected to result in the creation of hundreds of jobs over the next several years. On August 8, 2011, ZeniMax Online Studios selected Splunk to be its platform for business intelligence, network operations monitoring, and operational intelligence. On March 6, 2012, ZeniMax Online Studios signed a licensing deal with Elastic Path Software. On May 3, 2012, Game Informer announced that ZeniMax Online Studios's video game in development will take place in The Elder Scrolls universe, approximately a millennium before the events of The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim. The game, The Elder Scrolls Online, was released in 2014. 2020–present: New Intellectual property, Microsoft, Company expansion In December 2020, ZeniMax Online Studios formed a satellite office in San Diego to work on an original intellectual property. Ben Jones, Creative Director at ZeniMax Online Studios stated in October 2022 that the company was developing the new IP for four and a half years with a team of about 200 people. ZeniMax Media was acquired by Microsoft for in March 2021 and became part of Xbox Game Studios. ZeniMax Media purchased Hungarian studio Nemesys Games in 2022, and rebranded them as ZeniMax Online Studios Hungary. Games developed Cancelled games References External links 2007 establishments in Maryland American companies established in 2007 Companies based in Rockville, Maryland Video game companies of the United States Video game development companies Video game publishers ZeniMax Media American corporate subsidiaries Video game companies established in 2007", "title": "ZeniMax Online Studios" } ]

[ "the continent of Tamriel" ]

[ { "docid": "15679843", "text": "The notion that the Apollo Moon landings were hoaxes perpetrated by NASA and other agencies has appeared many times in popular culture. Not all references to Moon landing conspiracy theories are in support of them, but the ideas expressed in them have become a popular meme to reference, both in humor and sincerity. Precursors in other media In 1956 James E. Gunn wrote a science fiction story entitled \"Cave of Night\" in which the United States Air Force fakes the first crewed American spaceflight. When lack of funds precludes a survivable crewed mission, the mission is faked to spur funding for a real space program. The Air Force launches the craft carrying a transmitter relaying prerecorded messages from the pilot. The Air Force later claims that the astronaut died in orbit, and that his body will remain in orbit until the craft disintegrates in the atmosphere. The conspiracy is nearly exposed by a radio reporter who sees the astronaut on Earth after his supposed \"death,\" but he is forced to destroy his evidence by the government. \"Cave of Night\" was adapted for radio and broadcast as an episode of the popular program X Minus One on February 1, 1956, a full five years before Yuri Gagarin's first crewed spaceflight. In print Former President Bill Clinton in his 2004 autobiography, My Life, states: \"Just a month before, Apollo 11 astronauts Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong had left their colleague, Michael Collins, aboard spaceship Columbia and walked on the moon...The old carpenter asked me if I really believed it happened. I said sure, I saw it on television. He disagreed; he said that he didn't believe it for a minute, that 'them television fellers' could make things look real that weren't. Back then, I thought he was a crank. During my eight years in Washington, I saw some things on TV that made me wonder if he wasn't ahead of his time.\" Norman Mailer in 1969 wrote: \"Besides - the event [Apollo 11 moonwalk] is obdurate on the surface and a mystery beneath. It’s not at all easy to comprehend. Like an adolescent married before he can vote, and trying to react the congratulations \"You’re a married man\", a remark which has no reality to the brand-new groom, so America and the world were in a round of congratulations - we had landed a man on the moon. The event was so removed, however, so unreal, that no objective correlative existed to prove it had not been an event staged in a television studio—the greatest con of the century—and indeed a good mind, product of the iniquities, treacheries, gold, passions, invention, deception, and rich worldly stink of the Renaissance could hardly deny that the event if bogus was as great a creation in mass hoodwinking, deception, and legerdemain as the true ascent was in discipline and technology. Indeed, conceive of the genius of such a conspiracy. It would take criminals and confidence men mightier, more trustworthy and more resourceful than anything in", "title": "Moon landing conspiracy theories in popular culture" } ]

[]

[ "Neil Armstrong" ]

[ { "docid": "156489", "text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a fantasy novel written by British author J. K. Rowling and the fifth novel in the Harry Potter series. It follows Harry Potter's struggles through his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, including the surreptitious return of the antagonist Lord Voldemort, O.W.L. exams, and an obstructive Ministry of Magic. The novel was published on 21 June 2003 by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic in the United States, and Raincoast in Canada. It sold five million copies in the first 24 hours of publication. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix won several awards, including the American Library Association Best Book Award for Young Adults in 2003. The book was also made into a 2007 film, and a video game by Electronic Arts. Plot During the summer, Harry Potter is frustrated by his friends' non-communication and with Dumbledore barring him from helping combat a newly-resurgent Lord Voldemort. One evening, Dementors attack him and cousin Dudley, but Harry fends them off using the Patronus Charm. Later, Order of the Phoenix members arrive at the Dursley house to evacuate Harry. They whisk him off to Number 12, Grimmauld Place, Sirius Black's family home, which is now the Order's headquarters. Ron and Hermione are there and tell Harry that the Order is a secret organisation that Dumbledore created to fight Voldemort and the Death Eaters. Harry wants to join, but is too young. The Ministry of Magic, under Cornelius Fudge, attempt to malign Harry for stating that Voldemort has returned. Harry is also charged with performing underage magic while with a Muggle, but is exonerated and returns to Hogwarts. Dolores Umbridge, a senior Ministry employee, is the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. She initiates strict rules and a textbook-only curriculum and forbids the students from practicing defensive spells. Harry, Ron, and Hermione form a secret student Defense group called Dumbledore's Army. The group secretly meets in the Room of Requirement to practice under Harry's instruction. One night, Harry dreams that Arthur Weasley is attacked by Voldemort's snake, Nagini. His vision is true, and Arthur is found seriously injured at the Ministry. Dumbledore realises that Harry's and Voldemort's minds are connected, and he orders Professor Snape to teach Harry Occlumency, a skill to close one's mind against others. Umbridge is tipped-off about Dumbledore's Army; to prevent Harry's expulsion, Dumbledore claims responsibility for forming the group. To avoid arrest, he goes into hiding. Umbridge is appointed headmistress, though she is magically barred from entering Dumbledore's tower, and begins enacting strict rules and regulations. Harry's Occlumency lessons go poorly. During his Ordinary Wizarding Level exams, he envisions Voldemort torturing Sirius in the Department of Mysteries at the Ministry. Harry attempts to contact Sirius at Grimmauld Place, using the Floo Network in Umbridge's office, but she catches and interrogates him, threatening to use the Cruciatus Curse on him. Hermione intervenes by concocting a story that leads them into the Forbidden Forest. Umbridge", "title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix" } ]

[ { "docid": "156587", "text": "The Death Eaters are characters featured in the Harry Potter series of novels and films. They are a radical group of wizards and witches, led by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort, who seek to purify the wizarding community by eliminating wizards and witches born to non-magical parents. They attempt to create a new order within the Ministry of Magic by spreading fear through the wizarding community and murdering those who speak out against them. Their primary opposition is the Order of the Phoenix. Death Eaters recognise one another by the Dark Mark, a sigil branded on each of their left forearms that allows Voldemort to summon any of them instantly. Their typical attire includes black hooded robes and masks. The Death Eaters as a group first appeared in the novel Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, although individual members of the group, such as Severus Snape, Lucius Malfoy, and Peter Pettigrew had appeared in earlier books in the series. The group had also been mentioned indirectly in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, when followers of Voldemort were mentioned. They were mentioned the first time directly in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Synopsis Pre-Harry Potter The Death Eaters first existed over 11 years before the events of the books, torturing and murdering Muggles (people without magical abilities), as well as anyone who opposed them, including wizards who support Muggles (such as the Weasley family). Around 10 years after the Death Eaters first surfaced, a Seer named Sybill Trelawney made a prophecy about a boy who would have the power to defeat Voldemort forever. The prophecy could have referred to two different boys, Harry Potter or Neville Longbottom; however, Voldemort chose Harry as said in the prophecy, that \"the Dark Lord would mark him as his equal\". As Voldemort was a half-blood, he chose his \"equal\", Harry, whose mother was a Muggle-born witch, instead of Neville, who came from a long line of pure-blooded wizards. Acting on information from James and Lily Potter's Secret-Keeper Peter Pettigrew, Voldemort attempted to complete the prophecy and kill his infant rival. Due to Harry's mother's sacrifice to save her son, Voldemort's deadly curse rebounded off Harry and disembodied Voldemort. With Voldemort vanquished after failing to kill Harry Potter, the Death Eaters largely disbanded and vanished. The Ministry rounded many of them up and imprisoned them in the Wizarding prison Azkaban, but some eluded justice by claiming they were bewitched by the Imperius Curse (it is implied that Lucius Malfoy did so) or by turning in other Death Eaters, as Igor Karkaroff did; Harry witnesses Karkaroff's testimony against former Death Eaters in Albus Dumbledore's Pensieve during the course of the series. It appears that very few Death Eaters stood for their fallen master and proudly went to Azkaban for him (like Bellatrix Lestrange), since, in the sixth book, Snape states that if Voldemort had refused to welcome back all those who turned their backs", "title": "Death Eater" } ]

[ "21 June 2003" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15622473", "text": "Henry IV of England has been depicted in popular culture a number of times. Literature Almost two hundred years after his death, Henry became the subject of two plays by William Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2, as well as featuring prominently in Richard II. As the Earl of Derby, Henry is a character in Gordon Daviot's 1932 play Richard of Bordeaux. Henry appears in a historical novel by Henry Newbolt, The New June (1909). Ellis Peters's novel A Bloody Field by Shrewsbury (1972, US title The Bloody Field) revolves around the relationship between Henry, Prince Hal and Hotspur. Also in 1972, Martha Rofheart wrote a novel featuring Henry IV, Fortune Made His Sword (UK title Cry God For Harry). Henry is a supporting character in Georgette Heyer's 1975 historical novel My Lord John, which details the early life of his son, John of Lancaster. Anya Seton included Henry in her 1954 novel Katherine which depicted the relationship between Henry's father John of Gaunt and his eventual step-mother Katherine Swynford. Henry is a main character in Sara Douglass's The Crucible Trilogy, a work of historical fiction. Henry is the king in Howard Pyle's fictional Men of Iron. The protagonist's father's loyalty to Richard II is the reason that the family is in hiding for most of the book. Film Henry has been portrayed on screen by: Ian Keith in The Black Shield of Falworth (1954), with Tony Curtis John Gielgud in Chimes at Midnight (1965), a merger of several Shakespeare plays Carl Wharton in Henry IV - Part 2 (2012), a film by The Co-operative British Youth Film Academy. Ben Mendelsohn in The King (2019), a film by Netflix Television Henry has been portrayed a number of times on television, mainly in versions of Shakespeare's plays. In this context he has been played by: Clement McCallin in a BBC version of The Tragedy of King Richard II (1950) Kent Smith in an American version of Richard II (1954) Tom Fleming in the BBC series An Age of Kings (1960), which contained all the history plays from Richard II to Richard III Erik Hell in Henrik IV (1964), a Swedish version of Henry IV Hartmut Reck in König Richard II (1968), a West German version of Richard II Timothy West in another BBC version of The Tragedy of King Richard II (1970) Sándor Lukács in II. Richárd (1976), a Hungarian version of Richard II Jon Finch in the BBC Shakespeare version of King Richard the Second (1978) and both parts of Henry IV (1979) Michael Cronin in the BBC series The Wars of the Roses (1989), which included all of Shakespeare's history plays performed by the English Shakespeare Company Nikolai Lavrov in Richard Vtoroi (1992), a Russian version of Richard II Ronald Pickup in a BBC film, Henry IV (1995), a version of Henry IV, Part 1 Richard Bremmer in a British TV film, Richard II (1997) Veit Schubert in another German version of Richard II (2001)", "title": "Cultural depictions of Henry IV of England" } ]

[ "Jacob Tremblay" ]

[]

[ { "docid": "15634160", "text": "Rocky Balboa is a 2007 video game based on the movie of the same name for the PlayStation Portable, which is similar in style and content to Rocky Legends. The game includes footage from each Rocky film, showing the buildup to the major fights of the film series. There are also some flashback videos of the training footage from the films (this is used in the Mickey's Corner section of the game, which is a tutorial aimed to teach new players how to play). It is also the last video game released by MGM Interactive before the company became defunct in late 2007. Gameplay The game contains a variety of different modes. Historical Fights is the main game mode, which pits Rocky against all of his various opponents throughout the franchise, from Spider Rico (Rocky) to Mason Dixon (Rocky Balboa). Once Rocky has beaten all of his opponents, the story mode then flips so that the first fight becomes \"Spider Rico VS Rocky\" and the last fight becomes \"Mason Dixon VS Rocky Balboa\". There are 27 different boxer selections possible. There are separate versions of Rocky which vary in age, weight (depending on the film) and clothes (black/gold, white/red variations). There are alternative versions of Apollo Creed and Tommy Gunn has two different selectable outfits. The player can choose from 18 different arenas to fight in, including many of the film franchise's major boxing arenas, such as the Philadelphia arena and Las Vegas. Fast Lane is designed for quick-play, where a player picks a challenge and then tries to complete it by knocking out the other fighter in the time available. The different time limits are; 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 5 minutes and 10 minutes. Each section has 18 matches, making for a total of 90 matches. At the start of the game, only 10% of these are available. Each extra match is unlocked in sequential order, so completing \"Facing Clubber 1\" will unlock \"Facing Clubber 2\". This game supports local ad hoc multiplayer and has an auto-save feature. Unlike a number of previous Rocky games, the player cannot participate in any interactive training sessions to build up their character's power. Reception Critical response The game was met with a mixed reception, as GameRankings gave it a score of 57.75%, while Metacritic gave it 58 out of 100. References External links 2007 video games MGM Interactive games PlayStation Portable games PlayStation Portable-only games Balboa Ubisoft games Video games developed in Canada Multiplayer and single-player video games Video games set in the Soviet Union Video games based on films", "title": "Rocky Balboa (video game)" } ]

[ "Drago" ]