bombshelll/rocobrain · Datasets at Hugging Face

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	A 3-year-old child with visual difficulties. Axial FLAIR image show a supra-sellar lesion extending to the temporal lobes along the optic tracts (arrows) with moderate mass effect, compatible with optic glioma. FLAIR hyperintensity is also noted in the left mesencephalon from additional tumoral involvement
	Contrast MRI head axial section showing an irregularly enhancing mass in the right medial temporal lobe anteriorly in the close proximity to the cavernous sinus and oculomotor nerve (arrow).
	T1 axial image shows hypointense lesions in the pontine region and at the periphery of the pons. Central pontine myelinolysis is a likely diagnosis, however, involvement of the temporal lobe and clinical features makes central pontine myelinolysis unlikely.
	An inflated representation of the right hemisphere of a representative participant (medial and lateral views) marked with the locations of the regions of interest (ROIs) that were studied. CSv, cingulate sulcus visual area; PcM, precuneus; VIP, ventral intraparietal area; p2v, putative area 2v; PIVC, parietoinsular vestibular cortex.
	MRI of the brain showing no mass or enhancing lesion.
	Axial gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images revealed a large heterogeneous mass with circumferential rim enhancement surrounded by extensive edema was found in the inferior part of the right temporal lobe. Small homogeneous lesions with limited edema could also be seen in the left temporal lobe.
	Brain CT obtained 6 days after cerebral angiography shows improved sulcal obliteration of right cerebral hemisphere. CT = computed tomography.
	Follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging - fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequencing showed resolution of bilateral occipital lesions with symmetrical putaminal high signal abnormalities (black arrows).
	Contrast-enhanced axial CT brainMultiple solid enhancing cortical lesions with dense gyriform calcifications are seen in both cerebral hemispheres. CT- computed tomography
	Coronal view of a temporal maximum intensity projection visualizing part of the middle cerebral artery including the M1, M2 and M3 segments. Intensity differences from proximal to distal in a nonaffected vessel can reach up to 450 HU and higher. Vessel occlusions, vessel wall calcifications, collateral flow, clip and stent artifacts have a large influence on the continuity of intensity values along the vessel.
	Axial T2-weighted MRI demonstrates normal basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellum (arrows) with mild hyperintensity of the cerebral cortex and white matter (asterix).
	Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the CNS lesion. MRI revealed hyperintense lesions with T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) in the right occipital lobe.
	Brain MRI: axial section (T2) showing optic nerve glioma.
	A Typical Image Available on BrainWeb Database
	MRI image of the brain in an axial view showing the “precontrast FLAIR image”. Note the abnormal lesions (circled) in the per ventricular area suggesting white matter pathology.
	MRI of the brain; hemorrhagic infarction of the left temporal lobe
	Diffusion-weighted image shows acute infarct in left parieto-occipital area
	Sagittal FSPGR BRAVO T1WI (repetition time msec/echo time msec/inversion time msec, 10/4/450) showing a nodular parenchymal band in the third ventricle at the level of the hypothalamus between the anterior commissure and mammillary body (arrow). The pituitary infundibulum, adenohypophysis, and neurohypophysis are normal. Note metallic susceptibility artifact in the roof of the oral cavity from prior cleft palate repair.
	5 MHz sector scanner. The visceral pleura appears broader and more hyperechoic than normal due to acoustic enhancement by the pleural exudates with fibrin extending to 3 cm present on the parietal and visceral pleurae.
	Axial T2 image showing hyperintensity in the right pons and cerebellum
	Axial Computed tomography of the brain 13 days after the carotid endarterectomy, demonstrated a new infarct in the white matter of the left frontal lobe (arrow).
	Representative axial image of pre-operative high-resolution temporal bone CT scan illustrating an air cell (arrow) anterior to facial nerve
	Red-free fundus image of the left eye showing pigment clumps in temporal periphery after lightening injury
	Postoperative X-ray demonstrates bilateral temporal and occipital stimulator leads. The four arrows point to the temporal and occipital leads.
	Fig. 5Fluorescein angiography: early hyperfluorescent area near the superior temporal vessels with constant size in late phases; two small hyperfluorescent spots with leakage in late phases
	Ten days after initial trauma, follow-up brain computed tomography showed a reappearance of convexity and falx subdural hematoma with severe and diffuse brain swelling.
	Axial T2W MRI of the brain shows symmetric areas of hyperintensity involving the splenium of the corpus callosum (arrow)
	T1-weighted Brain MRI from patient showing infarction in right side of pons
	MRI of brain with gadolinium showing overall decrease in midline shift and edema with no evidence of recurrence (arrow).
	Postoperative CT aspect in patient B.I. of 71 years old; evacuated subdural haematoma, re-expansion brain, ventricular system on the median line
	Presence of multiple small enhancing lesions scattered rosette in the brain parenchyma and cerebellar predominant in regions of the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex, in favor of small abscesses formations.
	Wilson disease. Coronal section of brain showing small cystic cavitation and light brown discoloration in the basal ganglia, particularly in the putamen.
	In a cranial MRI performed in 2006, the FLAIR sequence revealed no pathological lesions anywhere in the brain. In particular, the right-sided supramarginal gyrus, where the cavernoma would later develop, shows no evidence of any signal alteration.
	MRI of the brain showing foci of calcification (arrows) in bilateral basal ganglia and subcortical regions of bilateral cerebral hemispheres
	CT scan showing parietal mass in anterior abdominal wall
	Brain MRI – a single uncharacteristic small focus in hemispheric white matter.Abbreviation: MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.
	Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain T2 FLAIR sequence showing bilateral symmetrical medial thalamic hyperintensities (Case 1)
	MRI image of patient A showing extensive leukodystrophy in frontal and occipital white matter (arrow).
	Voxel placement in the thalamus.
	T2W axial MRI of the brain shows multiple cystic lesions with hypointense eccentric nodules, in both cerebral hemispheres, the midbrain, the cerebellum, and the extraocular muscles
	Computed tomography of brain (bone window). Computed tomography brain scan showing multiple lytic lesions in the calvarium (arrow).
	Para-axial HRCT image of the left temporal bone in a patient with severe vertigo, post stapedectomy. The stapes prosthesis is dislocated and lies partly within the vestibule (arrow)
	T1 weighted MRI of the brain obtained after administration of intravenous gadolinium demonstrating a ring enhancing metastasis in the posterior left parietal lobe.
	Coronal CT scan revealing hyperplasia of the right mandibular condyle, medial pterygoid (black asterisk), lateral pterygoid (arrowhead), masseter (white asterisk), and temporalis muscle (white arrow).
	CT examination of head and neck, coronal scan, soft tissue window. Hypodense abscess with rim enhancing capsule and air bubbles inside is visible in the left temporal space.
	32-year-old man with history of Wilson's disease who presents with slurred speech. T2-weighed, axial MRI image shows presence of hyperintensities involving dorsal midbrain.
	Left parietal lobe infarction.
	MRI scans of the brain showing regression of pituitary mass
	Noncontrast computed tomography head (axial) in 6-month old term infant showing features of chronic mild-moderate hypoxic-ischemic injury in form of chronic watershed zone infarct involving bilateral parieto-occipital region with areas of cystic encephalomalacia/gliosis (arrow), focal loss of white matter and colpocephaly (dilated occipital horns) (asterisk)
	HRCT Temporal bone coronal image showing length and angle measured in Otosclerotic patient.
	MRI of the brain with gadolinium: Coronal T1W enhanced section showing the same findings with the mass in close proximity to the superior sagittal sinus. 135×135 mm (300×300 DPI).
	Brain metastasis.
	Computed tomography of the brain of patient G
	Single-task analysis Complex Scale, Controls > PD Patients.The over-activation of right hippocampus observed in controls, compared to patients, for Complex Scale, is shown. Colours bar range for F-score: 2 to 9,47.
	The brain MRI at baseline represented a moderate T2 lesion load
	MRI Brain T2 weighted (axial view) showing demyelination in cerebral white matter, corona radiate, centrum semiovale and bilateral internal capsules; subtle signal alteration detected in the middle cerebellar peduncles bilaterally.
	CT image showing SAH in both parietal portions. SAH : spinal subarachnoid hemorrhages.
	Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showing extensive inflammatory/infectious changes involving the intraconal and extraconal fat of the right and left orbits (black stars) concerning for orbital cellulitis. Meningeal enhancement is also seen at the temporal regions concerning for meningitis (read arrows)
	CT head revealed a wedge shaped acute infarct in right middle cerebral artery territory along with areas of enchephalomalacia and gliosis in right fronto-temporal and temporo-parietal lobe and in paraventricular white matter with ex-vacuo-dilation of frontal horn of lateral ventricle, suggestive of chronic infarct of middle cerebral artery territory
	Magnetic resonance examination of the brain revealing diffuse sulcal space and cisternal space effacement with diffusely increased signal of the extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid spaces and ependyma of the lateral ventricles on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging. Diffuse parenchymal swelling and slightly increased T2-weighted signal of the cortex of the temporal lobes, insular cortex and hippocampal regions noted bilaterally suggests encephalitis
	Brain CT scan demonstrating hyperdense tumor (arrow) filling the 4th ventricle.
	Axial T1 postgadolinium enhanced brain MRI with a visible pontine brain metastasis.
	T1 - weighted axial MRI - scan of the brain showing cortical atrophy and ex - vacuo dilatation of lateral ventricles
	Magnetic resonance imaging brain with contrast confirmed a large left occipitotemporal bone tumor with lytic lesion
	MRI Mucorales brain abscess: bilateral, predominantly frontal right lesion on T2-Flair.
	T1 gadolinium-enhanced brain magnetic resonance image with a sagittal view showing a track-like intracranial enhancement of the suspected foreign body.
	Non-contrast brain computed tomography showing subarachnoid hemorrhage over the left frontal and parietal cortex (white arrow)
	Brain computed tomography scan after thoracentesis showing pneumocephalus.
	T2W axial section of the orbit and brain. Vitreous and CSF in subarachnoid space and ventricles are hyperintense (arrow heads). Grey matter (single arrow) is hyperintense as compared to white matter (double arrows). Intraorbital and subcutaneous fat are of intermediate signal intensity of (curved arrows)
	Left image: Magnetic resonance imaging coronal image of the head demonstrating enhancing mass of the right frontal bone with epidural extension into the extra-axial space overlying the right frontal lobe with mild associated mass effect.
	Common voxel locations for MRS spectrum, as follows: A. Bifrontal grey matter. B. Bilateral parieto-occipital grey matter. C. Basal ganglia. D. Parieto-occipital white matter.
	Sagittally reformatted CT movie file showing bilateral dislocation of both atlanto-occipital joints.
	Lateral variant of CSF leak/pseudomeningocele (T2W MRI). Arrowhead: pseudomeningocele, arrow demonstrates CSF filled pneumatic system of the temporal bone.
	Left parietal skull fracture with second of two left-sided epidural hematomas, pneumocephalus and overlying scalp contusion.
	Computed tomography of the brain showing a cerebral infarction in the right hemisphere.
	Magnetic resonance imaging. Contrast enhanced Axial T1 image showing a temporoparietal hypointense area with few petechial lesions
	Brain tumour. Coloured 3D diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain of a 29-year-old with a low-grade glioma in the left frontal lobe. A DTI scan shows the bundles of white matter nerve fibers and is being used here for presurgical planning. The fibers transmit nerve signals between brain regions and between the brain and the spinal cord. A glioma arises from glial cells; nervous system supports cells. DTI scans show the diffusion of water along white matter fibers, allowing their orientations and the connections between brain regions to be mapped.
	Brain magnetic resonance imaging (T2 weighted) displaying a partially formed corpus callosum (arrow 1)
	MRI brain showing oblitertion of transverse sinus in coronal section
	Brain diffusion weighted-magnetic resonance imaging of the second patient performed in February 2008 shows right pons ischemic stroke, without difference of vertebral deforming event character compared to previous study.
	Brain CT at the time of post-operative 7 days revealed sustained brain swelling with decompressive craniectomy, but midline shift did not noted anymore.
	Plain CT head shows bilateral calcification in the anterior lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus, and dentate nucleus of cerebellum
	Axial T2 Flair image of the brain of Patient A shows the post‐traumatic loss of tissue in the right frontal lobe (arrow) with surrounding gliosis (scar tissue, arrowheads). There is a mild and slightly asymmetric dilatation of the lateral ventricles (asterisks).
	Axial T2W MRI image of the brain reveals a large, well-defined mass lesion in left thalamic region, having heterogeneous hyperintense signal intensity
	Brain CT shows a relatively iso-dense lobulated mass at the outside of the skull in the right occipital area without intracranial involvement. However, tumor invasion to the periosteum and bone is questionable.
	Coronal CT section showing the involvement of right side of mandible with the TMJ, glenoid fossa, temporal bone, frontal bone and maxilla.
	Physiological uptake (brain, myocardium, liver and spleen, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts).
	T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imagingArrows indicate areas of hyperintensity distant from the surgical field.
	Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the patient revealed a focal high intensity signal in the right precentral gyrus at the high convexity area of the brain cortex.
	Plain radiograph of the skull depicting the osteolytic defect on the left temporal bone.
	Case 9. Contrast-enhanced axial T1-weighted image showing mild hydrocephalus. There is also focal pachymeningeal enhancement adjacent to the left parietal lobe.
	Brain MRI was performed with evidence of intracerebral hematoma with right frontal brain edema.
	CT scans revealed an intracranial, well-defined, isodense mass, surrounded by a hypodense area and hyperostosis in the right temporal region adjacent to the tumor. Part of the tumor grew extracranially. The tumor was homogeneously enhanced by intravenous infusion of contrast medium, also brain Parenchyma was intact
	Network of subject 10 in brain space.
	Neuro-sarcoidosis: multiple granulomas in the white matter of both brain hemispheres (contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI image). Focal parenchymal lesions are T2-hyperintense and T1-isointense (with homogeneous contrast enhancement, as in this figure).
	Brain fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI sequence showing a hypointense, lobulated cystic lesion with internal septation and without a scolex in the left temporoparietal region, causing a mass effect.
	Axial computed tomography scan of the brain
	Contrast magnetic resonance imaging of brain showing peripheral rim enhancement of lesion, with compression of the 4th ventricle
	63-year-old woman with abdominal pain diagnosed with angiomyolipoma of the kidney and liver, and islet cell tumor of the pancreas. Axial computed tomography image of the brain shows calcified subependymal nodules (arrows).
	A magnetic resonance image showed a hyperintensity in T2 on the upper and lower right frontal gyri, in the left occipital lobe, and lesions with annular enhancement in the deep upper left temporal sulcus (case report 1).

A 3-year-old child with visual difficulties. Axial FLAIR image show a supra-sellar lesion extending to the temporal lobes along the optic tracts (arrows) with moderate mass effect, compatible with optic glioma. FLAIR hyperintensity is also noted in the left mesencephalon from additional tumoral involvement

Contrast MRI head axial section showing an irregularly enhancing mass in the right medial temporal lobe anteriorly in the close proximity to the cavernous sinus and oculomotor nerve (arrow).

T1 axial image shows hypointense lesions in the pontine region and at the periphery of the pons. Central pontine myelinolysis is a likely diagnosis, however, involvement of the temporal lobe and clinical features makes central pontine myelinolysis unlikely.

An inflated representation of the right hemisphere of a representative participant (medial and lateral views) marked with the locations of the regions of interest (ROIs) that were studied. CSv, cingulate sulcus visual area; PcM, precuneus; VIP, ventral intraparietal area; p2v, putative area 2v; PIVC, parietoinsular vestibular cortex.

MRI of the brain showing no mass or enhancing lesion.

Axial gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images revealed a large heterogeneous mass with circumferential rim enhancement surrounded by extensive edema was found in the inferior part of the right temporal lobe. Small homogeneous lesions with limited edema could also be seen in the left temporal lobe.

Brain CT obtained 6 days after cerebral angiography shows improved sulcal obliteration of right cerebral hemisphere. CT = computed tomography.

Follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging - fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequencing showed resolution of bilateral occipital lesions with symmetrical putaminal high signal abnormalities (black arrows).

Contrast-enhanced axial CT brainMultiple solid enhancing cortical lesions with dense gyriform calcifications are seen in both cerebral hemispheres. CT- computed tomography

Coronal view of a temporal maximum intensity projection visualizing part of the middle cerebral artery including the M1, M2 and M3 segments. Intensity differences from proximal to distal in a nonaffected vessel can reach up to 450 HU and higher. Vessel occlusions, vessel wall calcifications, collateral flow, clip and stent artifacts have a large influence on the continuity of intensity values along the vessel.

Axial T2-weighted MRI demonstrates normal basal ganglia, thalamus and cerebellum (arrows) with mild hyperintensity of the cerebral cortex and white matter (asterix).

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the CNS lesion. MRI revealed hyperintense lesions with T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) in the right occipital lobe.

Brain MRI: axial section (T2) showing optic nerve glioma.

A Typical Image Available on BrainWeb Database

MRI image of the brain in an axial view showing the “precontrast FLAIR image”. Note the abnormal lesions (circled) in the per ventricular area suggesting white matter pathology.

MRI of the brain; hemorrhagic infarction of the left temporal lobe

Diffusion-weighted image shows acute infarct in left parieto-occipital area

Sagittal FSPGR BRAVO T1WI (repetition time msec/echo time msec/inversion time msec, 10/4/450) showing a nodular parenchymal band in the third ventricle at the level of the hypothalamus between the anterior commissure and mammillary body (arrow). The pituitary infundibulum, adenohypophysis, and neurohypophysis are normal. Note metallic susceptibility artifact in the roof of the oral cavity from prior cleft palate repair.

5 MHz sector scanner. The visceral pleura appears broader and more hyperechoic than normal due to acoustic enhancement by the pleural exudates with fibrin extending to 3 cm present on the parietal and visceral pleurae.

Axial T2 image showing hyperintensity in the right pons and cerebellum

Axial Computed tomography of the brain 13 days after the carotid endarterectomy, demonstrated a new infarct in the white matter of the left frontal lobe (arrow).

Representative axial image of pre-operative high-resolution temporal bone CT scan illustrating an air cell (arrow) anterior to facial nerve

Red-free fundus image of the left eye showing pigment clumps in temporal periphery after lightening injury

Postoperative X-ray demonstrates bilateral temporal and occipital stimulator leads. The four arrows point to the temporal and occipital leads.

Fig. 5Fluorescein angiography: early hyperfluorescent area near the superior temporal vessels with constant size in late phases; two small hyperfluorescent spots with leakage in late phases

Ten days after initial trauma, follow-up brain computed tomography showed a reappearance of convexity and falx subdural hematoma with severe and diffuse brain swelling.

Axial T2W MRI of the brain shows symmetric areas of hyperintensity involving the splenium of the corpus callosum (arrow)

T1-weighted Brain MRI from patient showing infarction in right side of pons

MRI of brain with gadolinium showing overall decrease in midline shift and edema with no evidence of recurrence (arrow).

Postoperative CT aspect in patient B.I. of 71 years old; evacuated subdural haematoma, re-expansion brain, ventricular system on the median line

Presence of multiple small enhancing lesions scattered rosette in the brain parenchyma and cerebellar predominant in regions of the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex, in favor of small abscesses formations.

Wilson disease. Coronal section of brain showing small cystic cavitation and light brown discoloration in the basal ganglia, particularly in the putamen.

In a cranial MRI performed in 2006, the FLAIR sequence revealed no pathological lesions anywhere in the brain. In particular, the right-sided supramarginal gyrus, where the cavernoma would later develop, shows no evidence of any signal alteration.

MRI of the brain showing foci of calcification (arrows) in bilateral basal ganglia and subcortical regions of bilateral cerebral hemispheres

CT scan showing parietal mass in anterior abdominal wall

Brain MRI – a single uncharacteristic small focus in hemispheric white matter.Abbreviation: MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain T2 FLAIR sequence showing bilateral symmetrical medial thalamic hyperintensities (Case 1)

MRI image of patient A showing extensive leukodystrophy in frontal and occipital white matter (arrow).

Voxel placement in the thalamus.

T2W axial MRI of the brain shows multiple cystic lesions with hypointense eccentric nodules, in both cerebral hemispheres, the midbrain, the cerebellum, and the extraocular muscles

Computed tomography of brain (bone window). Computed tomography brain scan showing multiple lytic lesions in the calvarium (arrow).

Para-axial HRCT image of the left temporal bone in a patient with severe vertigo, post stapedectomy. The stapes prosthesis is dislocated and lies partly within the vestibule (arrow)

T1 weighted MRI of the brain obtained after administration of intravenous gadolinium demonstrating a ring enhancing metastasis in the posterior left parietal lobe.

Coronal CT scan revealing hyperplasia of the right mandibular condyle, medial pterygoid (black asterisk), lateral pterygoid (arrowhead), masseter (white asterisk), and temporalis muscle (white arrow).

CT examination of head and neck, coronal scan, soft tissue window. Hypodense abscess with rim enhancing capsule and air bubbles inside is visible in the left temporal space.

32-year-old man with history of Wilson's disease who presents with slurred speech. T2-weighed, axial MRI image shows presence of hyperintensities involving dorsal midbrain.

Left parietal lobe infarction.

MRI scans of the brain showing regression of pituitary mass

Noncontrast computed tomography head (axial) in 6-month old term infant showing features of chronic mild-moderate hypoxic-ischemic injury in form of chronic watershed zone infarct involving bilateral parieto-occipital region with areas of cystic encephalomalacia/gliosis (arrow), focal loss of white matter and colpocephaly (dilated occipital horns) (asterisk)

HRCT Temporal bone coronal image showing length and angle measured in Otosclerotic patient.

MRI of the brain with gadolinium: Coronal T1W enhanced section showing the same findings with the mass in close proximity to the superior sagittal sinus. 135×135 mm (300×300 DPI).

Brain metastasis.

Computed tomography of the brain of patient G

Single-task analysis Complex Scale, Controls > PD Patients.The over-activation of right hippocampus observed in controls, compared to patients, for Complex Scale, is shown. Colours bar range for F-score: 2 to 9,47.

The brain MRI at baseline represented a moderate T2 lesion load

MRI Brain T2 weighted (axial view) showing demyelination in cerebral white matter, corona radiate, centrum semiovale and bilateral internal capsules; subtle signal alteration detected in the middle cerebellar peduncles bilaterally.

CT image showing SAH in both parietal portions. SAH : spinal subarachnoid hemorrhages.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showing extensive inflammatory/infectious changes involving the intraconal and extraconal fat of the right and left orbits (black stars) concerning for orbital cellulitis. Meningeal enhancement is also seen at the temporal regions concerning for meningitis (read arrows)

CT head revealed a wedge shaped acute infarct in right middle cerebral artery territory along with areas of enchephalomalacia and gliosis in right fronto-temporal and temporo-parietal lobe and in paraventricular white matter with ex-vacuo-dilation of frontal horn of lateral ventricle, suggestive of chronic infarct of middle cerebral artery territory

Magnetic resonance examination of the brain revealing diffuse sulcal space and cisternal space effacement with diffusely increased signal of the extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid spaces and ependyma of the lateral ventricles on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging. Diffuse parenchymal swelling and slightly increased T2-weighted signal of the cortex of the temporal lobes, insular cortex and hippocampal regions noted bilaterally suggests encephalitis

Brain CT scan demonstrating hyperdense tumor (arrow) filling the 4th ventricle.

Axial T1 postgadolinium enhanced brain MRI with a visible pontine brain metastasis.

T1 - weighted axial MRI - scan of the brain showing cortical atrophy and ex - vacuo dilatation of lateral ventricles

Magnetic resonance imaging brain with contrast confirmed a large left occipitotemporal bone tumor with lytic lesion

MRI Mucorales brain abscess: bilateral, predominantly frontal right lesion on T2-Flair.

T1 gadolinium-enhanced brain magnetic resonance image with a sagittal view showing a track-like intracranial enhancement of the suspected foreign body.

Non-contrast brain computed tomography showing subarachnoid hemorrhage over the left frontal and parietal cortex (white arrow)

Brain computed tomography scan after thoracentesis showing pneumocephalus.

T2W axial section of the orbit and brain. Vitreous and CSF in subarachnoid space and ventricles are hyperintense (arrow heads). Grey matter (single arrow) is hyperintense as compared to white matter (double arrows). Intraorbital and subcutaneous fat are of intermediate signal intensity of (curved arrows)

Left image: Magnetic resonance imaging coronal image of the head demonstrating enhancing mass of the right frontal bone with epidural extension into the extra-axial space overlying the right frontal lobe with mild associated mass effect.

Common voxel locations for MRS spectrum, as follows: A. Bifrontal grey matter. B. Bilateral parieto-occipital grey matter. C. Basal ganglia. D. Parieto-occipital white matter.

Sagittally reformatted CT movie file showing bilateral dislocation of both atlanto-occipital joints.

Lateral variant of CSF leak/pseudomeningocele (T2W MRI). Arrowhead: pseudomeningocele, arrow demonstrates CSF filled pneumatic system of the temporal bone.

Left parietal skull fracture with second of two left-sided epidural hematomas, pneumocephalus and overlying scalp contusion.

Computed tomography of the brain showing a cerebral infarction in the right hemisphere.

Magnetic resonance imaging. Contrast enhanced Axial T1 image showing a temporoparietal hypointense area with few petechial lesions

Brain tumour. Coloured 3D diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain of a 29-year-old with a low-grade glioma in the left frontal lobe. A DTI scan shows the bundles of white matter nerve fibers and is being used here for presurgical planning. The fibers transmit nerve signals between brain regions and between the brain and the spinal cord. A glioma arises from glial cells; nervous system supports cells. DTI scans show the diffusion of water along white matter fibers, allowing their orientations and the connections between brain regions to be mapped.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (T2 weighted) displaying a partially formed corpus callosum (arrow 1)

MRI brain showing oblitertion of transverse sinus in coronal section

Brain diffusion weighted-magnetic resonance imaging of the second patient performed in February 2008 shows right pons ischemic stroke, without difference of vertebral deforming event character compared to previous study.

Brain CT at the time of post-operative 7 days revealed sustained brain swelling with decompressive craniectomy, but midline shift did not noted anymore.

Plain CT head shows bilateral calcification in the anterior lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus, and dentate nucleus of cerebellum

Axial T2 Flair image of the brain of Patient A shows the post‐traumatic loss of tissue in the right frontal lobe (arrow) with surrounding gliosis (scar tissue, arrowheads). There is a mild and slightly asymmetric dilatation of the lateral ventricles (asterisks).

Axial T2W MRI image of the brain reveals a large, well-defined mass lesion in left thalamic region, having heterogeneous hyperintense signal intensity

Brain CT shows a relatively iso-dense lobulated mass at the outside of the skull in the right occipital area without intracranial involvement. However, tumor invasion to the periosteum and bone is questionable.

Coronal CT section showing the involvement of right side of mandible with the TMJ, glenoid fossa, temporal bone, frontal bone and maxilla.

Physiological uptake (brain, myocardium, liver and spleen, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts).

T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imagingArrows indicate areas of hyperintensity distant from the surgical field.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the patient revealed a focal high intensity signal in the right precentral gyrus at the high convexity area of the brain cortex.

Plain radiograph of the skull depicting the osteolytic defect on the left temporal bone.

Case 9. Contrast-enhanced axial T1-weighted image showing mild hydrocephalus. There is also focal pachymeningeal enhancement adjacent to the left parietal lobe.

Brain MRI was performed with evidence of intracerebral hematoma with right frontal brain edema.

CT scans revealed an intracranial, well-defined, isodense mass, surrounded by a hypodense area and hyperostosis in the right temporal region adjacent to the tumor. Part of the tumor grew extracranially. The tumor was homogeneously enhanced by intravenous infusion of contrast medium, also brain Parenchyma was intact

Network of subject 10 in brain space.

Neuro-sarcoidosis: multiple granulomas in the white matter of both brain hemispheres (contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI image). Focal parenchymal lesions are T2-hyperintense and T1-isointense (with homogeneous contrast enhancement, as in this figure).

Brain fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI sequence showing a hypointense, lobulated cystic lesion with internal septation and without a scolex in the left temporoparietal region, causing a mass effect.

Axial computed tomography scan of the brain

Contrast magnetic resonance imaging of brain showing peripheral rim enhancement of lesion, with compression of the 4th ventricle

63-year-old woman with abdominal pain diagnosed with angiomyolipoma of the kidney and liver, and islet cell tumor of the pancreas. Axial computed tomography image of the brain shows calcified subependymal nodules (arrows).

A magnetic resonance image showed a hyperintensity in T2 on the upper and lower right frontal gyri, in the left occipital lobe, and lesions with annular enhancement in the deep upper left temporal sulcus (case report 1).