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A_66_229 | 63|63 | zh | en | 三. 剩余的挑战、机遇和建议 | III. Remaining challenges, opportunities and recommendations | 0.763622 | 0.839983 |
A_66_229 | 64|64 | zh | en | A. 挑战和机遇 | A. Challenges and opportunities | 0.928538 | 0.999962 |
A_66_229 | 65|65 | zh | en | 49. 《促进和实施发展中国家间技术合作的布宜诺斯艾利斯行动计划》通过后的30年期间，发展中国家取得了重大进展。这段期间也形成了一个支持南南合作和三角合作的强大的全球共识，内容包括：特别在77国集团和中国以及20国集团的领导下，同时向发展中国家和发达国家提供战略支助。然而，尽管南南互动促成全球许多地方的经济增长大幅度加快，但在南方各国之间和国内，不平等现象都在加剧。 | 49. Tremendous progress has taken place among developing countries in the three decades since the adoption of the Buenos Aires Plan of Action for Promoting and Implementing Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries. During that time a strong global consensus has emerged in support of South-South and triangular cooperation, including the strategic support of both developing and developed countries, and in particular from the leadership of the Group of 77 and China and the G20. However, despite strong acceleration of economic growth across many parts of the globe that has been spurred by South-South interactions, inequality is on the rise both between and within the countries of the global South. | 0.524916 | 0.526666 |
A_66_229 | 66|66 | zh | en | 50. 全球南方各地工业化和生产能力不平衡，对各国在2015年以前实现千年发展目标的努力产生了影响。目前的数据显示，有相当一些国家未能赶上实现目标的日程，同时也有许多国家虽取得了重大进展，但仍陷于贫困。最不发达国家、内陆发展中国家和小岛屿发展中国家继续落后，1970年以来只有三个国家脱离最不发达国家行列而升极。这项事实强调，如同2011年5月在伊斯坦布尔举行的第四次联合国最不发达国家会议的呼吁，最不发达国家需要更加有效的生产能力发展战略。[24] 在这方面，也值得注意的是，非洲问题特别顾问办公室2010年关于“非洲与新兴发展新伙伴合作：非洲发展的备选办法”的报告中列出的各项建议。该报告敦促非洲各国制定集体战略，以便在同新兴经济互动时加强其发言权，以确保取得各方互惠互利的成果。¹¹ | 50. The industrialization and productive capacity imbalances across the global South are affecting national efforts to meet the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. Current data show that quite a number of countries are not on target to meet the Goals, while many that have made significant strides remain mired in poverty. The least developed countries, the landlocked developing countries and small island developing States continue to lag behind, with only three countries having graduated from least developed country status since 1970. This fact underscores the need for greater productive capacity development strategies for the least developed countries as called for at the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, held in Istanbul in May 2011.[24] Also noteworthy in this context are the recommendations of the 2010 report of the Office of the Special Adviser on Africa on “Africa’s Cooperation with New and Emerging Development Partners: Options for Africa’s Development”, which urged African countries to develop collective strategies to bolster their voice in interactions with emerging economies to ensure a beneficial outcome for all parties.¹¹ | 0.578217 | 0.554079 |
A_66_229 | 67|67 | zh | en | 51. 在南方各国内，特别是新兴经济体之间，国内的不平等程度对发展构成重大挑战。最近的研究显示，世界上贫困人口的72%，即9.6亿人，住在中等收入国家，而只有四分之一，大约3.7亿人住在低收入国家。² 要求更多公民自由以及平等分配经济增长的利益，激发了公民抗议。2010年年底一直到2011年，“阿拉伯之春”爆发，抗议浪潮迅速从突尼斯向外蔓延。 | 51. Within countries of the South, domestic inequality levels present significant challenges to development, particularly among the emerging economies. Recent research shows that 72 per cent of the world’s poor, or 960 million people, live in middle-income countries, while only one quarter, roughly 370 million, live in low-income countries.² Demands for greater civil liberties as well as the equal distribution of the benefits of economic growth are fuelling the rise in civilian protests, as seen in the “Arab spring”, the wave of protests that spread rapidly from Tunisia in late 2010 and into 2011. | 0.44814 | 0.482104 |
A_66_229 | 68|68 | zh | en | 52. 南南交流继续增加，预示着国际关系的重大变革。无论是在区域还是全球范围，南方力量崛起对国际谈判和多边确定优先顺序都产生了重大影响，各种形式的南南干预也不断增加，从技术交流一直到经济一体化加深，以及日益走向政治一体化和合作解决冲突。这一全球性转变应当带来真正的发展红利，因为它所根据的计划和行动是：利用北方流入的援助、贸易和投资，辅之以南方领导的类似发展努力，足以有效减少贫穷。 | 52. South-South exchanges continue to increase, heralding a significant transformation in international relations. The ascendancy of the powers of the South, both regionally and globally, has important implications for international negotiations and multilateral priority-setting and has led to an attendant increase in the range of South-South interventions from technical exchanges to deepening economic integration and, increasingly, towards political integration and conflict resolution. This global shift should lead to a real development dividend, underpinned by plans and actions whereby flows of aid, trade and investment from the North are complemented by similar development efforts led by the South to effectively reduce poverty. | 0.534374 | 0.543719 |
A_66_229 | 69|69 | zh | en | 53. 南南合作的记录显示，就传统的发展战略以及跨国机遇和挑战的管理而言，它是很有价值的补充。形形色色的利益攸关者在许多部门广泛采纳了南南合作和三角合作模式，人们认识到这一类发展合作的效率，特别是其包容性和有效性。由于这种合作一般偏重大规模干预，以改善生产能力，如果同传统形式的发展援助协力并行，就能发挥比较优势。近年来，后者往往侧重人道主义和社会干预。这种相辅相成的关系提供了一个独特的机会，就正在出现的发展架构进行对话：如何借鉴传统援助方式和全球南部伙伴在提供援助方面持续行之有效的方式，最有效地利用传统和南南两种形式的援助。 | 53. South-South cooperation has an established track record as a valuable complement to traditional development strategies and to the management of transnational opportunities and challenges. South-South and triangular modalities have been widely adopted by a variety of stakeholders in many sectors, and the efficiency of this type of development cooperation in particular its inclusivity and effectiveness, has been recognized. Since it generally focuses on large scale interventions for improving production capabilities, South-South cooperation offers the comparative advantage of working in concert with traditional forms of development aid, which, in recent years, have tended to focus more on humanitarian and social interventions. This complementarity presents a unique opportunity for dialogue on the emerging development architecture in terms of how best to leverage the advantages of both traditional and South-South forms of assistance, drawing on what has proven to work sustainably in the provision of development assistance by traditional donors and partners of the global South. | 0.488841 | 0.512249 |
A_66_229 | 70|70 | zh | en | 54. 随着需求增加，对南南合作和三角合作的多边支持也相应增多。在各种不同行动者和不同融资方式之间如何进行协调的挑战仍然存在。联合国系统各组织偏向较长期性的倡议，并战略性地纳入南南合作方法，这种趋势是各专门项目呈现的可喜变化，但由于整个系统的计划，项目和方案形形色色，利用更加强力有效的协调实体和机制，进一步确保成本效益和预防工作重复，将可以收到效益。此外，加紧利用联合拟订方案、机构间协调和多边融资机制，将可汇集更多资源，有利于扩大应用成功的举措，集体调集南方的人力、财力和其他资源，以便加速努力，实现各项国际商定的发展目标，包括千年发展目标。然而，无论是在增拨资金还是资源分配方面，除非针对多国项目和方案的金融需求得到满足，多边支助将不足以实现上述目标。 | 54. Multilateral support to South-South and triangular cooperation has grown in reaction to increased demand, although challenges of coordination among various actors and financing remain. The trend among the organizations of the United Nations system towards longer term initiatives that strategically incorporate South-South approaches is a welcome change from ad hoc projects, but the multiplicity of plans, projects and programmes across the system could benefit from the use of stronger coordination entities and mechanisms to further ensure cost-effectiveness and prevent duplication. In addition, the increased use of joint programming, inter-agency coordination and multilateral funding mechanisms, could allow for a greater pooling of resources to help scale up successful initiatives and mobilize the collective human, financial and other resources of the South towards the acceleration of efforts to meet the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals. However, until the financial needs are met, both in terms of increased funding and allocations targeting multi-country projects and programmes, multilateral support will not be sufficient to achieve the above objectives. | 0.532136 | 0.53824 |
A_66_229 | 71|71 | zh | en | B. 建议 | B. Recommendations | 0.882301 | 0.999933 |
A_66_229 | 72|72 | zh | en | 55. 为了维持当前的势头和扩大南南合作和三角合作的影响和贡献，促进更加包容、平等和可持续的人类发展，国际发展社会必须继续设法把全球南部面对的挑战化为机遇，以期在2015年以前实现千年发展目标所定的各项目标和在2015年以后实现其他国际商定的发展目标。 | 55. In order to sustain the current momentum and scale up the impact and contributions of South-South and triangular cooperation for more inclusive, equitable and sustainable human development, the international development community must continue to find ways to turn the challenges faced in the global South into opportunities, with a view to achieving the Millennium Development Goal targets by 2015 and other internationally agreed development goals beyond 2015. | 0.73684 | 0.710143 |
A_66_229 | 73|73 | zh | en | 56. 随着多边信息系统进一步加强对南南合作和三角合作的支助，会员国在发展合作，包括南南合作和三角合作方面，发挥领导作用仍然是至关重要的。不论其发展水平或经济规模，每一个发展中国家都可以根据内罗毕成果文件所载的广泛原则和目标作出一些贡献。合在一起，在诸如粮食安全、气候变化和人体免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合症研究等领域，全球南方拥有丰富的信息和数据，有效地分享知识系统，行之有效的发展政策选择，经过考验的机制能力建设方案和廉宜适用的技术。这些知识可在整个南方各地更加广泛地共享、复制和扩大应用。 | 56. As the multilateral system seeks to further intensify its support for South-South and triangular cooperation, the leadership of Member States in development cooperation, including South-South and triangular cooperation, remains vital. Regardless of the development level or size of an economy, every developing country has something to offer under the broad principles and objectives set forth in the Nairobi outcome document. Together, the global South possesses a wealth of information and data, effective knowledge-sharing systems, proven development policy options, tested institutional capacity-building solutions and affordable and appropriate technologies in areas such as food security, climate change and HIV/AIDS research. This knowledge can be more broadly shared, replicated and scaled up across the South. | 0.52676 | 0.468085 |
A_66_229 | 74|74 | zh | en | 57. 为了更好地满足会员国的发展需要和优先事项，多边体系需要进一步澄清业务定义和有意义的绩效指标，使它能在双边、区域、区域间和全球各级衡量南南合作和三角合作的规模和影响。此外，内罗毕成果文件鼓励所有联合国组织、基金、方案和区域委员会在各机构各自的职权范围领域，协助发展中国家加强或设立英才中心，和扩大发挥开发署南南合作特设局各项服务的作用，包括通过由全球南南发展研究所、全球南南发展博览会和南南全球技术产权交易所组成的多边南南支助构架。在致力协助发展中国家更有系统地收集、整合和分析关于国家、区域和区域间南南倡议的信息时，联合国发展系统拥有比较优势。联合国系统已作出承诺，在这个领域改善其工作。 | 57. To better serve the development needs and priorities of the Member States, the multilateral system needs further clarification of operational definitions and meaningful performance indicators that will enable it to measure both the scale and the impact of South-South and triangular cooperation at the bilateral, regional, interregional and global levels. In addition, in the Nairobi outcome document, all United Nations organizations, agencies, funds, programmes and regional commissions were encouraged to assist developing countries in enhancing or establishing centres of excellence in their respective area of competence and to leverage the services of the UNDP Special Unit for South-South Cooperation, including through its multilateral South-South support architecture, consisting of the Global South-South Development Academy, the Global South-South Development Expo and the South-South Global Assets and Technology Exchange System. The United Nations development system holds a comparative advantage in efforts to help developing countries to more systematically gather, consolidate and analyse information on national, regional and interregional South-South initiatives, and the United Nations system is committed to improving its work in this area. | 0.753888 | 0.787762 |
A_66_229 | 75|75 | zh | en | 58. 联合国系统还需要继续改善其支助南南合作和三角合作的总体一致性和协调。这应当通过利用创新的联合方案、多国举措、加强多边融资和协调机制和实体来完成。联合国系统各成员不能再自行其是地独立推行自己本身的南南合作和三角合作支助活动，而应当相互合作、加强协调和补充各自的努力。 | 58. The United Nations system must also continue to improve the overarching coherence and coordination of its support for South-South and triangular cooperation. This should be accomplished through the use of innovative joint programmes, multi-country initiatives, stronger multilateral funding and coordination mechanisms and entities. The various members of the United Nations system can no longer act independently in their own South-South and triangular support activities, but must cooperate, enhance coordination and complement each others’ efforts. | 0.698543 | 0.684316 |
A_66_229 | 76|76 | zh | en | 59. 为了扩大传播良好做法和行之有效的发展办法，和为了扩大应用成功的方案来提高总的成效，促进更加包容和可持续的发展，联合国系统向南南合作提供财政支助仍然是绝对必要的。尽管在双边和区域层次进行的南南合作仍然是互助和学习的主要论坛和渠道，持续不断的全球挑战，包括粮食和能源缺乏保障、气候变化和艾滋病毒/艾滋病等问题，需要加强多边办法，包括通过联合国系统。在这方面，应当回顾，大会在其第60/212号决议中制定联合国南南合作基金作为主要的多边筹资机制，供会员国汇集资源捐款，以支助这类倡议。 | 59. Financial support for South-South cooperation remains a vital need for the United Nations system, in order for it to expand both the dissemination of good practices and successful development solutions and to scale up successful programmes to increase overall effectiveness for more inclusive and sustainable development. While South-South cooperation carried out at bilateral and regional levels will remain the main forums and channels for mutual assistance and learning, persistent global challenges, including food and energy insecurity, climate change and HIV/AIDS, call for increased multilateral approaches, including through the United Nations system. In this regard, it should be recalled that the General Assembly, in its resolution 60/212, designated the United Nations Fund for South-South Cooperation as the main multilateral funding mechanism for Member States to pool voluntary contributions in support of such initiatives. | 0.618518 | 0.661822 |
A_66_229 | 77|77 | zh | en | 60. 除了进行南南合作和三角合作的传统行动者之外，对包容性的可持续发展战略而言，会员国和多边体系、全球南部的私营部门和民间社会也是至关重要的。因此，会员国和多边体系都应当让社会的私营部门和民间部门在发展方面发挥作用，补充公共政策的不足，从而确保社会每一个部门的力量都能加以利用，在整个南部实现更加全面的发展成就。 | 60. Apart from the traditional actors in South-South and triangular cooperation, Member States and the multilateral system, the private sectors and civil societies of the global South are also critical to sustainable and inclusive development strategies. It is necessary, therefore, that both Member States and the multilateral system give both the private and the civil sectors of society a role in development that complements public policies, thus ensuring that the strengths of every sector of society can be harnessed for more comprehensive development successes across the South. | 0.569137 | 0.526901 |
A_66_229 | 78|78 | zh | en | 61. 为了使私营部门持续有效地投资、创造就业机会和减少贫穷，各国政府亟需加强南南合作，并着重通过提供各种公共物品，包括运行正常的物质、监管和法律基础设施，在本国内外创造有利的环境。民间社会组织扩大参与也将丰富南南合作，因为它们同样关注社会和环境需要，以及两性平等和公民自由。 | 61. In order for the private sector to effectively and sustainably invest, create jobs and reduce poverty, it is of critical importance that Governments step up South-South cooperation, focusing on the creation of enabling environments, both national and cross-border, through the provision of various public goods, including functioning physical regulatory and legal infrastructures. Greater involvement by civil society organizations would also enrich South-South interactions owing to their shared interest in social and environmental needs and their common concern for gender parity and civil liberties. | 0.492365 | 0.519114 |
A_66_229 | 79|79 | zh | en | [1] 见经济合作与发展组织，《2010年全球发展的观点：转移财富》，2010年6月。 | [1] See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Perspectives on Global Development, 2010: Shifting Wealth, June 2010. | 0.620684 | 0.648643 |
A_66_229 | 80|80 | zh | en | [2] 见Ravi Kanbur and Andy Sumner,“穷国或穷人？发展援助和全球贫困的新地理“(见http://kanbur.dyson.cornell.edu/papers/KanburSumnerPoorCountriesOrPoorPeople.pdf)。 | [2] See Ravi Kanbur and Andy Sumner, “Poor Countries or Poor People? Development Assistance and the New Geography of Global Poverty” (see http://kanbur.dyson.cornell.edu/papers/ KanburSumnerPoorCountriesOrPoorPeople.pdf). | 0.262625 | 0.300576 |
A_66_229 | 81|81 | zh | en | [3] 见JIU/REP/2011/3(http://www.unjiu.org)。 | [3] See JIU/REP/2011/3 (http://www.unjiu.org). | 0.674403 | 0.674403 |
A_66_229 | 82|82 | zh | en | [4] 见欧洲联盟，关于在危机时期推动发展合作和实现千年发展目标的会议，马德里，2010年6月9至10日。 | [4] See European Union, Conference on development cooperation in times of crisis and on achieving the Millennium Development Goals, Madrid, 9-10 June 2010. | 0.706762 | 0.661967 |
A_66_229 | 83|83 | zh | en | [5] 举例来说，哥斯达黎加外交部长在2011年欧洲议会关于包容性所有权和南南合作如何加强欧盟提供的发展援助这项问题的高级别会议上确认，南南合作可以更加高效和有效地确定和实施解决办法。从而提高成本效益，促进适当的技术转让和确保地方所有权，领导和能力建设。 | [5] For example, at the 2011 high-level conference in the European Parliament on how inclusive ownership and South-South cooperation could boost development aid provided by the European Union, the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica acknowledged that South-South cooperation can be more efficient and effective in identifying and implementing solutions, increasing the cost-effectiveness, promoting the transfer of appropriate technologies and ensuring local ownership, leadership and capacity-building. | 0.619368 | 0.629289 |
A_66_229 | 85|85 | zh | en | [7] 第64/222号决议，附件，第11和第18条。 | [7] Resolution 64/222, annex, paras. 11 and 18. | 0.674983 | 0.658521 |
A_66_229 | 86|86 | zh | en | [8] 见http://www.bimstec.org/about_bimstec.html。 | [8] See http://www.bimstec.org/about_bimstec.html. | 0.999979 | 0.999979 |
A_66_229 | 88|88 | zh | en | [10] http://www.africa-platform.org。 | [10] http://www.africa-platform.org. | 0.999971 | 0.999971 |
A_66_229 | 89|89 | zh | en | [11] 见非洲问题特别顾问办公室，《非洲同新的新兴伙伴合作：非洲发展的备选办法》，纽约，2010年(见http://www.un.org/Africa/osaa/reports/emerging_economies_2009,pdf)。 | [11] See Office of the Special Adviser on Africa, Africa’s Cooperation with New and Emerging Development Partners: Options for Africa’s Development, New York, 2010 (see http://www.un.org/africa/osaa/reports/emerging_economies_2009.pdf). | 0.388624 | 0.431577 |
A_66_229 | 90|90 | zh | en | [12] 关于南南发展援助最近趋势的更详尽讨论，见经济和社会事务部，《为实现千年发展目标开展发展合作：尽量扩大成果》，2010年(ST/ESA/326)；和Park，Kang-Ho，“新的发展伙伴和全球发展伙伴关系”2010年，载在《发展的催化剂：援助的新视野》，Homi Kharas，Kiji Makino和Woojin Jung编，布鲁金斯学会出版社，2011年，华盛顿特区。 | [12] For a more extended discussion of recent trends in South-South development assistance see: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Development Cooperation for the Millennium Development Goals: Maximizing Results, 2010 (ST/ESA/326); and Park, Kang-Ho, “New Development Partners and a Global Development Partnership” in Catalyzing Development: A New Vision for Aid, Homi Kharas, Koji Makino and Woojin Jun eds., Brookings Institution Press, 2011, Washington, D.C. | 0.603447 | 0.59756 |
A_66_229 | 91|91 | zh | en | [13] 见ST/ESA/326。 | [13] See ST/ESA/326. | 0.777735 | 0.999929 |
A_66_229 | 92|92 | zh | en | [14] 中非合作论坛设立了中非发展基金，以支持中国企业在非洲的投资，2007年至2009年提供了30亿美元的优惠贷款和20亿美元的贸易信贷。2010年，中国利用为基础设施项目融资交换获取自然资源，它同非洲的双边贸易额达1 269亿美元。印度已协助156个发展中国家，自1964年成立以来提供了超过200亿美元的技术援助。 | [14] The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation has formed a China-Africa Development Fund to support Chinese firms investing in Africa and provided preferential loans amounting to $3 billion and trade credits of $2 billion from 2007 to 2009. In 2010, China funded infrastructure projects in exchange for access to natural resources and its bilateral trade with Africa amounted to $126.9 billion. India has assisted 156 developing countries, providing over $2 billion in technical assistance since its inception in 1964. | 0.495433 | 0.502314 |
A_66_229 | 94|94 | zh | en | [16] 见http://www.nepad.org/ceo039s-office/news/2337/aunepad-declaration-about-g20-action- plan-food-price-volatility-and-agricul。 | [16] See http://www.nepad.org/ceo039s-office/news/2337/aunepad-declaration-about-g20-action-plan-food-price-volatility-and-agricul. | 0.999992 | 0.999992 |
A_66_229 | 95|95 | zh | en | [17] 见联合国开发计划署，南南合作特设局“加强南南合作和三角合作：在南南合作和三角合作的政策，机构和操作方面，对当前形势和现有良好做法的研究”，2009年。(见http://ssc.undp. org)。 | [17] See United Nations Development Programme Special Unit for South-South Cooperation, “Enhancing South-South and Triangular Cooperation: Study of the Current Situation and Existing Good Practices in Policy, Institutions and Operations of South-South and Triangular Cooperation”, 2009 (see http://ssc.undp.org). | 0.403635 | 0.393616 |
A_66_229 | 96|96 | zh | en | [18] 伊比利亚-美洲总秘书处，《2010年关于伊比利亚-美洲地区内南南合作的报告》，2010年11月(见。www.segib.org)。 | [18] See Ibero-American General Secretariat, Report on South-South Cooperation in Ibero-America, 2010, November 2010 (see www.segib.org). | 0.631142 | 0.631142 |
A_66_229 | 98|98 | zh | en | [20] 第64/222号决议，附件，第21(a)和(f)段。 | [20] Resolution 64/222, annex, paras. 21 (a) and (f). | 0.844426 | 0.863617 |
A_66_229 | 100|100 | zh | en | [22] 见http://www.unido.org/index.php?id=4915；和“忽视南南合作和三角合作”(草稿)，2011年3月。 | [22] See http://www.unido.org/index.php?id=4915; and “An overlook of South-South cooperation and triangular cooperation” (draft), March 2011. | 0.811017 | 0.936355 |
A_66_229 | 101|101 | zh | en | [23] 除了注重能力建设和交流最佳做法，该中心进行研究和处理发展中国家在科学，技术和创新决策方面的具体问题(见http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/science-technology/sti-policy/centre-for- south-south-cooperation/)。 | [23] In addition to focusing on capacity-building and the exchange of best practices, the centre conducts research and tackles specific problems in science, technology and innovation policymaking in developing countries (see http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/science-technology/sti-policy/centre-for-south-south-cooperation/). | 0.488598 | 0.503354 |
A_66_229 | 102|102 | zh | en | [24] 见A/66/134。 | [24] See A/66/134. | 0.437473 | 0.437473 |
A_66_230 | 0|0 | zh | en | 第六十六届会议 | Sixty-sixth session | 0.999944 | 0.999944 |
A_66_230 | 1|2 | zh | en | 临时议程[1] 项目65(a) | Item 65 (a) of the provisional agenda* | 0.781226 | 0.806426 |
A_66_230 | 2|3 | zh | en | 促进和保护儿童权利 | Promotion and protection of the rights of children | 0.999977 | 0.999977 |
A_66_230 | 3|4 | zh | en | 《儿童权利公约》的现况 | Status of the Convention on the Rights of the Child | 0.738078 | 0.999968 |
A_66_230 | 4|5 | zh | en | 秘书长的报告 | Report of the Secretary-General | 0.999964 | 0.999964 |
A_66_230 | 5|6 | zh | en | 摘要 | Summary | 0.999857 | 0.999857 |
A_66_230 | 6|7 | zh | en | 大会第44/25号决议通过《儿童权利公约》。截至2011年7月1日，已有193个国家批准或加入《公约》，两个国家签署了《公约》。大会第54/263号决议通过《公约》的两项任择议定书。截至2011年7月1日，已有142个国家批准关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书，144个国家批准关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书。 | The General Assembly, by its resolution 44/25, adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child. As at 1 July 2011, the Convention had been ratified or acceded to by 193 States, and 2 States had signed the Convention. By its resolution 54/263, the Assembly adopted two Optional Protocols to the Convention. As at 1 July 2011, the Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict had been ratified by 142 States, and the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography had been ratified by 144 States. | 0.673159 | 0.845106 |
A_66_230 | 7|8 | zh | en | 依照第65/197号决议的规定，本报告第四节着重阐述落实残疾儿童权利问题，其中重点述及以下相关问题：歧视；数据收集；千年发展目标与残疾；残疾儿童表达意见的权利；实现残疾儿童权利方面的进展及当前全球形势；教育；卫生；贫穷和社会保护；儿童保护；脱离收容机构；紧急情况和人道主义行动；今后道路的前景。 | Pursuant to resolution 65/197, the implementation of the rights of children with disabilities is the focus of section IV of the present report, which highlights issues relating to discrimination; data collection; the Millennium Development Goals and disability; the right of children with disabilities to be heard; progress in realizing the rights of children with disabilities and the current global situation; education; health; poverty and social protection; child protection; de-institutionalization; emergencies and humanitarian action; and perspectives on ways forward. | 0.644577 | 0.613766 |
A_66_230 | 8|9 | zh | en | 目录 | Contents | 0.999875 | 0.999875 |
A_66_230 | 10|11 | zh | en | 一. 导言 | I. Introduction | 0.857082 | 0.999917 |
A_66_230 | 11|12 | zh | en | 1. 大会在第65/197号决议中请秘书长向大会第六十六届会议提交一份报告，介绍《儿童权利公约》的现况，并着重阐述落实残疾儿童权利情况。本报告是依照这一请求提交的。 | 1. In its resolution 65/197, the General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to submit to it at its sixty-sixth session a report on the status of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, with a focus on implementing the rights of children with disabilities. The present report is submitted in accordance with that request. | 0.768113 | 0.743857 |
A_66_230 | 12|13 | zh | en | 二. 《儿童权利公约》的现况 | II. Status of the Convention on the Rights of the Child | 0.933313 | 0.999976 |
A_66_230 | 13|14 | zh | en | 2. 截至2011年7月1日，已有193个国家批准或加入了《儿童权利公约》，[2] 两个国家签署了《公约》。[3] | 2. As at 1 July 2011, the Convention on the Rights of the Child[1] had been ratified or acceded to by 193 States, and two States had signed the Convention.[2] | 0.449609 | 0.522518 |
A_66_230 | 14|15 | zh | en | 3. 截至2011年7月1日，已有142个国家批准了关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书，已有144个国家批准了关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书。² | 3. As at 1 July 2011, the Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict had been ratified by 142 States, and the Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography had been ratified by 144 States. | 0.427883 | 0.754231 |
A_66_230 | 15|16 | zh | en | 三. 《儿童权利公约》的执行情况 | III. Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child | 0.925909 | 0.99998 |
A_66_230 | 16|17 | zh | en | 4. 在本报告所述期间，儿童权利委员会于2010年9月13日至10月1日、2011年1月17日至2月4日和2011年5月30日至6月17日在联合国日内瓦办事处举行了第五十五至第五十七届会议。 | 4. During the reporting period, the Committee on the Rights of the Child held its fifty-fifth to fifty-seventh sessions at the United Nations Office at Geneva, from 13 September to 1 October 2010, from 17 January to 4 February 2011 and from 30 May to 17 June 2011. | 0.921655 | 0.970869 |
A_66_230 | 17|18 | zh | en | 5. 截至2011年7月1日，委员会已收到除3个以外所有缔约国的初次报告。委员会审查了两份除外的所有初次报告，委员会计划在定于2012年举行的第五十九届会议上审查这两份报告。委员会共收到依据《公约》第44条提交的504份报告。 | 5. As at 1 July 2011, the Committee has received the initial reports of all but three State parties. All initial reports have been reviewed by the Committee, except two, which are scheduled for the Committee’s fifty-ninth session, to be held in 2012. In total, the Committee has received 504 reports pursuant to article 44 of the Convention. | 0.552815 | 0.548949 |
A_66_230 | 18|19 | zh | en | 6. 另外，委员会还收到缔约国依照《儿童权利公约关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》提交的86份报告和1份第二次定期报告，以及依照《儿童权利公约关于买卖儿童、儿童卖淫和儿童色情制品问题的任择议定书》提交的71份报告和1份第二次定期报告。[4] | 6. Additionally, it has received 86 reports and one second periodic report under the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, and 71 reports and one second periodic report under the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography.[3] | 0.773991 | 0.700278 |
A_66_230 | 19|20 | zh | en | 7. 2011年6月17日，人权理事会未经表决通过了为制定来文程序而设立的不限成员名额工作组草拟的《儿童权利公约》第三项任择议定书的文本。该议定书设立了关于侵犯《公约》及其各项任择议定书所规定的权利行为的各国来文和国家间来文的新程序，及关于严重或系统侵犯行为的调查程序。新条约的文本将提交大会第六十六届会议核可。 | 7. On 17 June 2011, the Human Rights Council adopted, without a vote, the draft text of the third optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, drafted by the Open-ended Working Group established to elaborate a communications procedure. The Protocol establishes a new procedure of individual communications and inter-State communications regarding violations of rights set forth in the Convention and its Optional Protocols, as well as an enquiry procedure for grave or systematic violations. The text of the new treaty will be submitted to the General Assembly for approval at its sixty-sixth session. | 0.767174 | 0.770113 |
A_66_230 | 20|21 | zh | en | 8. 委员会主席将就过去一年中与委员会工作有关的重大问题向大会第六十六届会议作口头报告。 | 8. The Chair of the Committee will present his oral report to the General Assembly at its sixty-sixth session, addressing major issues related to the work of the Committee during the past year. | 0.745337 | 0.799995 |
A_66_230 | 21|22 | zh | en | 四. 落实残疾儿童的权利 | IV. Implementing the rights of children with disabilities | 0.699986 | 0.686261 |
A_66_230 | 22|23 | zh | en | A. 人权与残疾儿童 | A. Human rights and children with disabilities | 0.949976 | 0.999974 |
A_66_230 | 23|24 | zh | en | 9. 残疾儿童是最边缘化和被排斥的儿童群体之一，其权利受到广泛的侵犯。这些侵犯行为无视其人性，不尊重其尊严、个性甚至其生命的权利。 | 9. Children with disabilities are one of the most marginalized and excluded groups of children, experiencing widespread violations of their rights. These violations dehumanize them, denying them respect for their dignity, their individuality, even their right to life itself. | 0.497888 | 0.567305 |
A_66_230 | 24|25 | zh | en | 10. 过去30年中针对这些侵犯行为采取了重大的行动。然而，只是在1989年通过《儿童权利公约》后，才第一次对残疾儿童的权利做出明文规定，包括禁止以残疾为由对其歧视(第2条)，并规定了为残疾儿童提供服务的义务，使他们能够尽可能充分地参与社会(第23条)。 | 10. The past 30 years have witnessed significant action to address these violations. However, only with the Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted in 1989, were the first explicit provisions relating to the rights of children with disabilities introduced, including a prohibition against discrimination on the grounds of disability (art. 2), and obligations to provide services for children with disabilities, in order to enable them to achieve the fullest possible social integration (art. 23). | 0.530373 | 0.568921 |
A_66_230 | 25|26 | zh | en | 11. 2006年通过的《残疾人权利公约》进一步加强了残疾儿童的权利。它并未提出其他的权利：人权是普遍的权利，适用于每个人。但是，它确实让各国政府承担更多的重要义务，采取行动消除妨碍实现这些权利的障碍。它还采用了残疾问题社会模式来帮助“肢体、精神、智力或感官有长期损伤的人，这些损伤与各种障碍相互作用，可能阻碍残疾人在与他人平等的基础上充分和切实地参与社会”(第1条)。该《公约》还包括一项专门关于残疾儿童的条款(第7条)，其中概述了各国的以下义务：确保残疾儿童在与其他儿童平等的基础上实现其全部权利，促进其最佳利益，确保其表达意见的权利并认真对待他们的意见。《公约》还在其一般原则(第3条)中规定尊重残疾儿童逐渐发展的能力并尊重其保持其身份特性的权利，还规定了一项一般义务(第4条第3款)，即在拟订相关立法和政策时通过代表儿童的组织与儿童协商。 | 11. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted in 2006, further strengthened the rights of children with disabilities. It does not introduce additional rights: human rights are universal and apply to every human being. However, it does impose significant additional obligations on Governments to take action to remove the barriers impeding the realization of rights. It also adopts the social model of disability, and addresses “those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others” (art. 1). The Convention also includes a dedicated article on children (art. 7), outlining the obligation on States to ensure the realization of all rights for children with disabilities on an equal basis with other children, to promote their best interests, and to ensure their right to be heard and taken seriously. It incorporates, within its general principles (art. 3), respect for the evolving capacities of children with disabilities and their right to preserve their identities, and introduces a general obligation (art. 4, para. 3) to consult with children, through their representative organizations, when developing relevant legislation and policies. | 0.579133 | 0.564168 |
A_66_230 | 26|27 | zh | en | B. 共同面临的挑战 | B. Cross-cutting challenges | 0.399984 | 0.624961 |
A_66_230 | 27|28 | zh | en | 歧视 | Discrimination | 0.999929 | 0.999929 |
A_66_230 | 28|29 | zh | en | 12. 《儿童权利公约》要求缔约国确保和尊重所有儿童享有的《公约》所载的一切权利，不可以包括残疾在内的任何理由对其歧视。《残疾人权利公约》将不歧视和机会均等确立为一般原则(第3条)，并要求各国禁止一切以残疾为由的歧视，保证残疾包括儿童在内的残疾人获得有效的法律保护(第5条)。它还提出了“合理便利”概念，要求各国在不造成过度或不当负担的情况下做出必要和适当调整，以确保有残疾的个人可以在与其他人平等的基础上享受权利。基于残疾的歧视是指以残疾为由而做出的任何区分、排斥、限制或剥夺合理便利，其目的或效果是在政治、经济、社会、文化、公民或任何其他领域，损害或取消在与其他人平等的基础上对一切人权和基本自由的认可、享有或行使(第2条)。儿童权利委员会强调，只要任何区别的标准是合理和客观的，且目的是为了达到《儿童权利公约》规定的合法目标，则不歧视不应解释为指应以同样方式对待所有儿童。[5] 《残疾人权利公约》赋予这种解释法律效力(第5条第4款)。 | 12. The Convention on the Rights of the Child requires of States parties that all the rights it embodies are ensured and respected without discrimination on any ground, including that of disability, for all children. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities establishes non-discrimination and equality of opportunity as general principles (art. 3), and requires that States prohibit all discrimination on the basis of disability and guarantee effective legal protection for persons, including children, with disabilities (art. 5). It also introduces the concept of “reasonable accommodation” requiring States to make necessary and appropriate adaptations to ensure that an individual with a disability can enjoy rights on an equal basis with others, as long as they do not impose a disproportionate or undue burden. Disability-based discrimination is defined as including any distinction, exclusion, restriction or denial of reasonable accommodation on the basis of disability, which has the purpose or effect of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal basis with others, of all human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field (art. 2). The Committee on the Rights of the Child has stressed that non-discrimination should not be interpreted to mean that all children should be treated the same, as long as the criteria for any differentiation is reasonable and objective, and the aim is to achieve a purpose that is legitimate under the Convention on the Rights of the Child.[4] The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities lends legal force to this interpretation (art. 5, para. 4). | 0.560773 | 0.649599 |
A_66_230 | 29|30 | zh | en | 13. 然而，如儿童权利委员会第9号一般性意见(2006年)所指出的那样(见CRC/C/GC/和Corr.1)，残疾儿童在其生活的各个方面遇到歧视。这种歧视不是产生于他们残疾的内在性质，而是由于拒绝差异、贫穷、社会隔离、偏见、无知及缺乏服务和支持而造成的根深蒂固的社会排斥。在残疾被视为祸因或惩罚的文化中，有先天损伤的儿童被指责为是过去的失败、不足或罪孽的化身。 | 13. However, as noted in general comment No. 9 (2006) of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (see CRC/C/GC/9 and Corr.1) children with disabilities live with discrimination in every aspect of their lives. It arises not from the intrinsic nature of their disability, but rather from entrenched social exclusion resulting from rejection of difference, poverty, social isolation, prejudice, ignorance and lack of services and support. In cultures where disability is viewed as a curse or punishment, a child born with an impairment is blamed as the embodiment of past failure, inadequacy or sins. | 0.490078 | 0.491053 |
A_66_230 | 30|31 | zh | en | 14. 对残疾儿童的整体歧视程度很难量化，因为缺乏数据。但是，其影响可能是深远的，使其得不到教育和医疗保健，没有以下机会：娱乐和文化、家庭生活、免遭暴力的保护、适当的生活标准和表达意见的权利。由于儿童将他们每天遇到的消极态度转向内心深处，这种情况会腐蚀自尊和自信。对于遇到多种形式歧视的儿童，尤其是残疾女童，这种有害影响趋于复杂。儿童权利委员会在其第9号一般性意见中，请求各国对她们特别注意，确保其受到保护，获得所有的服务并充分参与社会活动。 | 14. The full extent of discrimination against children with disabilities is difficult to quantify owing to lack of data. However, its impact can be profound, denying them access to education and health care, opportunities for play and culture, family life, protection from violence, an adequate standard of living and the right to be heard. It can corrode self-esteem and self-confidence as children internalize the negative attitudes they experience on a daily basis. The harmful impact is compounded for children experiencing multiple forms of discrimination, particularly girls with disabilities. The Committee on the Rights of the Child, in its general comment No. 9, requests States to pay particular attention to them to ensure their protection, access to all services and full inclusion in society. | 0.57833 | 0.580029 |
A_66_230 | 31|32 | zh | en | 数据收集 | Data collection | 0.999929 | 0.999929 |
A_66_230 | 32|33 | zh | en | 15. 为了使残疾儿童得到注意，使服务的提供了解情况，并能够更有效地监测实现其权利方面的进展，需要一致和准确的信息。《残疾人权利公约》要求各国收集适当、分类的信息，以便制订政策来落实其各项规定(第31条)。 | 15. Consistent and accurate information is necessary to render children with disabilities visible, inform service delivery and enable more effective monitoring of progress towards the realization of their rights. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities requires States to collect appropriate disaggregated information to enable them to formulate policies to give effect to its provisions (art. 31). | 0.597764 | 0.543146 |
A_66_230 | 33|34 | zh | en | 16. 然而，在提供有关全球、特别是发展中国家的残疾儿童的准确数据方面存在着相当严重的局限。残疾流行是卫生条件和个人和环境的背景因素率之间的复杂和动态的关系的结果。[6] 因此，估计全球残疾儿童、青少年和青年的数字和分布，是极其困难的，近年来发表了不同的估计数。在不同的国家记录了差异甚大的流行率数字，显示了在定义以及评估能力和工具方面的差别。在一些国家，只查明了残疾程度最严重的个人。 | 16. However, significant limitations exist on the availability of accurate data relating to children with disabilities worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Disability prevalence is the result of a complex and dynamic relationship between health conditions and contextual factors, both personal and environmental.[5] Estimating the global numbers and distribution of children, adolescents and youth with disabilities is therefore extremely difficult, and different estimates have been published in recent years. Wide variations in prevalence figures are recorded across different countries, revealing differences in definitions and in both capacity and tools for assessment. In some States, only the most severely disabled individuals are identified. | 0.462934 | 0.476635 |
A_66_230 | 34|35 | zh | en | 17. 许多难题阻碍了有效的数据收集：缺乏共同的定义、国家内部和国家之间残疾类别方面的分类和界限、家长不愿意报告他们的孩子患有残疾、对残疾缺乏了解；确定某些损伤方面存在困难以及在儿童后来的生活中出现损伤。基于残疾的歧视和耻辱有时还阻碍了调查行政人员和参与者解决有关残疾的问题的意愿。此外，在收集反映残疾的社会模式的数据方面也出现困难。 | 17. Many challenges impede effective data collection: lack of common definitions, classification and thresholds between categories of disability, both within and between countries; reluctance on the part of parents to report their child as having a disability, and lack of understanding disability; and difficulties in identification of certain impairments, as well as acquisition of impairments later in the child’s life. Disability-based discrimination and stigma also sometimes inhibit the willingness of survey administrators and participants to address questions related to disability. In addition, difficulties arise in collecting data that reflects the social model of disability. | 0.415824 | 0.479611 |
A_66_230 | 35|36 | zh | en | 18. 为了解决目前信息缺乏的问题，已采取了一些步骤。自2000年以来，在多指标类集调查中加入了一个针对主要照顾者的儿童残疾模块，该家庭调查方案由联合国儿童基金(儿基会)开发，用以协助各国填补监测妇女和儿童状况方面的数据差距。多指标类集调查可用作单一的检测工具，来收集各国的残疾情况数据。[7] 而数据表明，依据主要照顾者的报告，经检测属残疾儿童的百分比，在大部分有数据的国家中介于14%和35%之间。然而，对家庭的注重确实意味着比如流落街头或寄宿照料机构的残疾儿童未包括在数据内。大会第63/150号、64/131号和65/186号决议强调，必须改进残疾情况数据和统计数字，以制定可作国际比较的指标，并改进国家和全球两级提供可靠数据的情况，以便从残疾角度开展政策制定、规划和评价。然而，仍需要在数据收集方面进行更大的投资，以开始更有效地反映残疾儿童生活的实际情况。 | 18. Some steps have been taken to address the current paucity of information. A child disability module, addressed to primary caregivers, has been included, since 2000, in the multiple indicator cluster survey, a household survey programme developed by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) to assist countries in filling data gaps for monitoring the situation of children and women. The multiple indicator cluster survey can be employed, as a single screening tool, to collect data on disability across a wide range of countries.[6] Data indicate that the percentage of children who screened positive on disability, as reported by primary caregivers, is between 14 per cent and 35 per cent in a large majority of the countries with available data. However, the focus on households does mean that, for example, children with disabilities who live on the streets or those in residential care institutions are not included in the data. The General Assembly, in its resolutions 63/150, 64/131 and 65/186, has stressed the importance of improving disability data and statistics in order to develop internationally comparable indicators and improve the availability of reliable data at the national and global levels for purposes of policy design, planning and evaluation from the disability perspective. However, significantly greater investment is still needed in data collection to begin to build a more effective picture of the reality of the lives of children with disabilities. | 0.558121 | 0.613835 |
A_66_230 | 36|37 | zh | en | 千年发展目标和残疾 | Millennium Development Goals and disability | 0.999974 | 0.999974 |
A_66_230 | 37|38 | zh | en | 19. 所有千年发展目标都关系到包括残疾儿童在内的残疾人。因此，必须确认，解决残疾儿童的问题是实现这些目标的关键。虽然一些背景文件中明确提到残疾人，但千年发展目标之内或其实现过程中产生的材料中却没有提及他们。然而，如果不在相关政策、方案、监测和评价中纳入残疾人士的情况，这些目标将无法实现。 | 19. All the Millennium Development Goals have relevance to persons, including children, with disabilities. Accordingly, addressing the issues that concern children with disabilities must be acknowledged as key to their attainment. Although some of the background documents explicitly mention people with disabilities, they are not referred to within the Millennium Development Goals, or in the material generated as part of the process to achieve them. However, the Goals will not be achieved if the situation of people with disabilities is not included in associated policies, programmes, monitoring and evaluations. | 0.523628 | 0.548514 |
A_66_230 | 38|39 | zh | en | 20. 引起人们对残疾问题的注意的重要性已得到确认。大会重申了国际社会的承诺，即推动将残疾问题纳入千年发展目标进程以及其他国际商定的关于残疾人的发展目标(大会第60/131号、62/127号、63/150号、64/131号和65/186号决议)。《2010年千年发展目标报告》指出，残疾儿童的机会有限，残疾与教育边缘化之间存在联系。大会第64/131 号决议重点强调了残疾人在官方统计数字中看不到的情况。它还于2010年9月在第六十五届会议关于千年发展目标的高级别会议结束时通过一项决议，确认必须注重残疾问题。 | 20. The importance of rendering disability visible has been recognized. The General Assembly has reiterated the commitment of the international community to promote the inclusion of disability in the Millennium Development Goals processes, as well as in other internationally agreed development goals for persons with disabilities (Assembly resolutions 60/131, 62/127, 63/150, 64/131 and 65/186). The limited opportunities facing children with disabilities, and the link between disability and marginalization in education are noted in The Millennium Development Goals Report 2010. The Assembly, in its resolution 64/131, highlighted the invisibility of persons with disabilities in official statistics. It also concluded the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals at its sixty-fifth session, in September 2010, by adopting a resolution in which the importance of a focus on disability issues was acknowledged. | 0.593939 | 0.649006 |
A_66_230 | 39|40 | zh | en | 21. 然而，最近对50个国家的审查发现，残疾人往往远远落后于国家在千年发展目标的具体目标方面的平均进展水平，而剥夺人权、排斥、歧视和缺乏问责制，成为追求人的发展和千年发展目标的障碍。[8] 强调问责制、不歧视和平等原则及参与性决策过程的原则的人权办法，可有助于克服这些障碍。⁷ 所有千年发展目标的具体目标和指标，都应识别、监测和评价关于包括残疾儿童在内的残疾人情况的相关政策和方案的影响。 | 21. However, a recent review of 50 countries found that people with disabilities often lag well behind national averages of progress on Millennium Development Goals targets, and that the denial of human rights, exclusion, discrimination and a lack of accountability are barriers to the pursuit of human development and the Millennium Development Goals.[7] A human rights approach emphasizing accountability, principles of non-discrimination and equality and the principle of participatory decision-making processes can contribute to overcoming these barriers. All Millennium Development Goals targets and indicators should identify, monitor and evaluate the impact of related policies and programming on the situation of persons, including children, with disabilities. | 0.686746 | 0.665692 |
A_66_230 | 40|41 | zh | en | 残疾儿童表达意见的权利 | The right of children with disabilities to be heard | 0.651148 | 0.549009 |
A_66_230 | 41|42 | zh | en | 22. 《儿童权利公约》第12条规定，所有有主见能力的儿童有权对影响到其本人的一切事项发表自己的意见，包括在任何司法或行政诉讼中，对这些意见应按照儿童的年龄和成熟程度给以适当的分量。它不仅是一项基本人权，也是实现其他权利的必要手段。此外，《残疾人权利公约》规定了一项明确的义务：向这些儿童提供适合其残疾状况和年龄的援助，使他们能够行使表达意见的权利(第7条)。 | 22. Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child establishes that all children capable of forming their own views have the right to express those views on all matters of concern to them, including in any judicial or administrative proceedings, and to have these views given due weight in accordance with the child’s age and maturity. Not only is it a fundamental human right, but it is necessary as a means of realizing other rights. In addition, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities introduces an explicit obligation to provide children with disability- and age-appropriate assistance to enable them to exercise the right to be heard (art. 7). | 0.539006 | 0.561921 |
A_66_230 | 42|43 | zh | en | 23. 但是，残疾儿童的声音仍然很难得到注意。学校委员会和儿童议会等举措、征求儿童意见的协商进程以及司法诉讼程序，通常未能确保纳入残疾儿童，或承认他们的参与能力。此外，经常在没有残疾儿童的参与或同意的情况下做出医疗和其他干预措施等决定。[9] 父母的过度保护往往限制了他们成长中的独立能力。立法、政策和专业实践需要在尊重家长对缺乏独立决策能力的残疾儿童的合法保护责任的重要性与他们尊重儿童逐渐发展的行使自己权利的能力的义务之间的平衡(见《儿童权利公约》第5条和《残疾人权利公约》第3条(h)款)。 | 23. However, it remains difficult for children with disabilities to have their voices heard. Initiatives such as school councils and children’s parliaments, consultative processes to elicit children’s views, as well as judicial proceedings, commonly fail to ensure the inclusion of children with disabilities, or acknowledge their capacities for participation. Furthermore, decisions such as medical and other interventions are frequently made without the involvement or consent of children with disabilities.[8] Parental overprotection often limits their capacity for emerging independence. Legislation, policy and professional practice need to balance the importance of respecting parents’ legitimate protective responsibilities for children with disabilities, where they lack capacity for independent decision-making, with their obligation to respect children’s evolving capacities to exercise their own rights (see the Convention on the Rights of the Child, art. 5 and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, art. 3 (h)). | 0.430786 | 0.44971 |
A_66_230 | 43|44 | zh | en | 24. 儿童权利委员会，以及大会第64/164号决议中，都强调需要采取措施，以促进残疾儿童的参与，包括提供交通、无障碍信息、辅助装置、交流援助和口译员。还需要在家长和专业人士中间进行培训和宣传，以加强他们对听取残疾儿童的声音并予以重视的义务的认识。 | 24. The Committee on the Rights of the Child, as well as the General Assembly in its resolution 64/146, have emphasized the need for measures to facilitate the participation of children with disabilities, including through the provision of transport, accessible information, assistive devices, communication aids and interpreters. Training and sensitization are also needed among parents and professionals to strengthen their awareness of the obligation to listen to children with disabilities and take their voice seriously. | 0.618624 | 0.717222 |
A_66_230 | 44|45 | zh | en | 落实残疾儿童权利方面的进展：当前全球局势 | Progress in realizing the rights of children with disabilities: current global situation | 0.883105 | 0.849989 |
A_66_230 | 45|46 | zh | en | 25. 由于大多数国家仍然处在批准《残疾人权利公约》和编写其向残疾人权利委员会提出的初次报告的过程中，国际社会还没有掌握一个衡量进展的基准。因此，鉴于已有报告方法可用，且整个报告过程在未来几年中不断发展，将有可能更全面地评估在实现残疾儿童权利方面所取得的进展。 | 25. As most countries are still in the process of ratifying the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and developing their initial reporting to the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the international community does not yet have access to a baseline against which to measure progress. Therefore, as reporting becomes available and the entire reporting process develops in the coming years, it will become possible to more comprehensively assess progress in realizing the rights of children with disabilities. | 0.518437 | 0.520696 |
A_66_230 | 46|47 | zh | en | 教育 | Education | 0.999889 | 0.999889 |
A_66_230 | 47|48 | zh | en | 26. 《儿童权利公约》确认每个儿童享有在机会均等的情况下接受教育的权利(第28条)，并在一项关于残疾儿童的专门条款中，规定各国有义务确保他们能有效地获得和接受教育，其方式应当有助于他们尽可能充分地参与社会，实现个人发展，包括其文化和精神方面的发展(第23条)。《残疾人权利公约》也肯定并阐述了这一原则(第24条)。 | 26. The Convention on the Rights of the Child asserts the right of every child to education on the basis of equality of opportunity (art. 28), and in a dedicated provision on children with disabilities, places obligations on States to ensure that they have effective access to and receive education in a manner conducive to their fullest possible social integration and individual development, including their cultural and spiritual development (art. 23). The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities also affirms and elaborates this principle (art. 24). | 0.606249 | 0.597535 |
A_66_230 | 48|49 | zh | en | 27. 在现实中，残疾儿童在实现其受教育的权利方面所面临的挑战依然严峻。最近的一份报告确认，残疾儿童在教育方面是最边缘化和被排斥的群体之一。[10] 该报告证实，总体而言，国际和各国政府的举措尽管认识到残疾问题是一个需要政策关注的领域，但缺乏有关该问题的充分信息和战略。这些差距和遗漏被认为是对全面实现教育目标的威胁。 | 27. In reality, the challenges faced by children with disabilities in realizing their right to education remain profound. A recent report recognized children with disabilities as one of the most marginalized and excluded groups in respect of education.[9] It confirmed that, overall, international and Government initiatives lacked adequate information and strategies on the issue of disability, despite recognizing it as an area that requires policy attention. These gaps and omissions were perceived as a threat to the overall achievement of education goals. | 0.519832 | 0.537796 |
A_66_230 | 49|50 | zh | en | 28. 早期教育对残疾儿童尤其重要，他们中许多人需要额外的支助，以弥补他们由于损伤而面临的障碍。不过，虽然在全球范围内缺乏关于残疾儿童的机会的数据，但他们最没有可能被纳入这类方案中。在全世界1亿名5岁以下的残疾儿童中，80%生活在发展中国家，那里的学前教育和其他基本服务往往不足。[11] 尽管《儿童权利公约》和《残疾人权利公约》都未明确提及早期儿童教育，但儿童权利委员会在其第7号一般性意见(2005年)(CRC/C/GC/7/Rev.1)中将受教育的权利解释为始于出生之时，并且与儿童的最佳发展权利密切相连。 | 28. Early education is of particular significance for children with disabilities, many of whom need additional support to compensate for the barriers they face as a consequence of their impairment. However, although data regarding access for children with disabilities is lacking globally, they are least likely to be included in such programmes. Out of 100 million children with disabilities under 5 years of age worldwide, 80 per cent live in developing countries, where the provision of pre-primary education and other basic services tends to be insufficient.[10] Although neither the Convention on the Rights of the Child nor the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities make explicit reference to early childhood education, the Committee on the Rights of the Child, in its general comment No. 7 (2005) (CRC/C/GC/7/Rev.1) interprets the right to education as beginning at birth, and closely linked to the child’s right to optimum development. | 0.596058 | 0.666666 |
A_66_230 | 50|51 | zh | en | 29. 虽然没有关于残疾儿童在教育方面被排斥的全球精确数据，但一种广泛的共识认为，世界上7 200万失学儿童中至少有三分之一身有残疾。[12] 在有些国家中，残疾儿童与非残疾儿童之间在小学入学率方面的巨大差距是惊人的，将绝大多数残疾儿童排斥在主流教育体系之外。甚至在接近普及初等教育目标的相对富裕的国家，入学率依损伤的类型而不同，有身体损伤的儿童的表现一般优于有智力或感官损伤的儿童。 | 29. While precise global data on the exclusion of children with disabilities from education do not exist, there is broad consensus that at least one third of the world’s 72 million children who are not in school have a disability.[11] In some countries, the gap in primary school attendance rates between disabled and non-disabled children is strikingly wide, excluding the great majority of children with disabilities from the mainstream educational system. Even in relatively well-off States that are closer to the goal of universal primary education, enrolment rates differ according to impairment type, with children with physical impairment generally faring better than those with intellectual or sensory impairments. | 0.547967 | 0.534072 |
A_66_230 | 51|52 | zh | en | 30. 在上学的残疾人儿童中，残疾儿童与非残疾儿童相比，小学教育完成率偏低，教育年限偏少。例如，《世界卫生调查》发现，大约50%有残疾的男孩完成了小学教育，相比之下非残疾男孩的比例刚过60%，而残疾女孩小学教育完成率不足42%，相比之下非残疾女孩为53%。⁵ | 30. Among those children with disabilities who do attend school, children with disabilities achieve lower rates of primary school completion and fewer years of education than those without disability. For example, the World Health Survey found that around 50 per cent of boys with disability completed primary school, compared with just over 60 per cent of boys without disability, while primary school completion rates for girls with disability are just under 42 per cent compared with 53 per cent of girls without disability.⁵ | 0.468609 | 0.509755 |
A_66_230 | 52|53 | zh | en | 31. 各类障碍是巨大的，其中包括歧视性的立法、机构化照料、缺乏对教师的培训、偏见、污名和教师与家长对残疾的性质了解不够。世界各地绝大多数学校不具备无障碍通行、负担的起的无障碍交通，用于加强交流的系统不到位，包容性教育本身就经常被误解。有些国家保留了宣布某些类别的儿童“不可教育”的立法，或把残疾儿童的教育责任交给教育部以外的部委，从而致使其被隔离和边缘化。 | 31. The barriers are formidable and include discriminatory legislation, institutionalization, lack of training for teachers, prejudice, stigma and inadequate understanding as to the nature of disability on the part of teachers and parents. The overwhelming majority of schools throughout the world are physically inaccessible, affordable and accessible transport is not available, systems for enhancing communication are not in place, and inclusive education itself is frequently misunderstood. Some countries retain legislation declaring certain categories of children to be “uneducable”, or place responsibility for the education of children with disabilities with ministries other than education, thus serving to segregate and marginalize them. | 0.438271 | 0.487972 |
A_66_230 | 53|54 | zh | en | 32. 儿童权利委员会第十六届会议报告(CRC/C/69，第338段)确定，需要采取行动结束教育隔离的情况，并一直在其结论性意见中建议建立包容性教育体系。[13] 它还强调，包容性教育必须成为教育残疾儿童的目标。正如教科文组织的一项题为“残疾人受教育的权利：走向包容”的主题倡议所概述的那样，自2002年以来，“全民教育”合作伙伴们致力于促进包容的目标。最后，《残疾人权利公约》规定了各国政府确保提供包容性教育机会的明确义务(第24条第2款(b))。 | 32. The Committee on the Rights of the Child, in the report on its sixteenth session (CRC/C/69, para. 338), identified the need for action to bring an end to segregation in education, and has consistently recommended the development of inclusive education systems in its concluding observations.[12] It has further stressed that inclusive education must be the goal of educating children with disabilities. Since 2002, Education for All partners have committed to promoting a goal of inclusion, as outlined in a UNESCO flagship initiative on “The right to education for persons with disabilities: towards inclusion”. Finally, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities includes an explicit obligation on Governments to ensure access to inclusive education (art. 24, para. 2 (b)). | 0.486646 | 0.640624 |
A_66_230 | 54|55 | zh | en | 33. 越来越多的证据显示了包容的效果。一项研究发现，包容教育与特殊学校的成本大致相仿，但包容学校的学习成绩高出很多。[14] 然而，将儿童置于主流环境内本身并不是包容。包容体现了一项原则，即学校不但接纳所有儿童而不论其身体、智力、社会、情感、语言或其他条件如何，而且还进行调整以满足他们的需求。[15] 这就要求在整个教育系统内采取以下方面行动：立法；跨部委的合作；适当的融资体系；对教师的培训和支持；包容性教学方法；促进学校中对多样性的尊重和不歧视；审查和调整课程和资源以用于包容性教室中的施教；适当的个性化支持；尊重用手语并通过一切适当交流形式学习的权利。 | 33. A growing body of evidence is emerging as to the efficacy of inclusion. One study found that while the costs of inclusive education and special schools were largely comparable, academic achievement in inclusive schools was significantly higher.[13] However, placing children within a mainstream setting does not of itself achieve inclusion. Inclusion embodies a principle that schools both accommodate all children regardless of their physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic or other conditions, and also adapt to address their needs.[14] This requires action across the education system, including: legislation; cross-ministerial collaboration; appropriate systems of financing; training of and support for teachers; inclusive teaching methods; promoting respect for diversity and non-discrimination in schools; reviews and adaptation of curricula and resources for teaching in inclusive classrooms; appropriate individualized support; and respect for the right to learn in sign language and through all appropriate forms of communication. | 0.58406 | 0.612829 |
A_66_230 | 55|56 | zh | en | 34. 还需要做出努力消除妨碍进入学校和以后学习的实物障碍。在设计、施工和改建建筑物方面吸取了相当的教训，以便协助容纳残疾儿童。此外，世界银行的研究表明，无障碍功能的成本一般不到总建筑成本的1%。而且在教学实践、材料和教育环境方面也逐渐采用通用设计，以满足学生的广泛需求、学习方式和能力。⁵ | 34. Efforts are also needed to remove the physical barriers impeding access to school and subsequent learning. Significant lessons have been learned on design, construction and modification of buildings to assist in the inclusion of children with disabilities. Furthermore, World Bank research has demonstrated that the cost of accessibility is generally less than 1 per cent of total construction costs. There is also an emerging application of universal design in instructional practices, materials and educational environments to meet the wide range of student needs, learning styles and capacities.⁵ | 0.591084 | 0.592232 |
A_66_230 | 56|57 | zh | en | 35. 然而，需要在全球展开大量的额外投资并使用现代技术和进行国际合作，建立必要的立法、行政和预算框架内来履行这些教育承诺。 | 35. However, globally, significant additional investment and the use of modern technologies and international cooperation are needed to create the necessary legislative, administrative and budgetary framework to fulfil these educational commitments. | 0.817348 | 0.799104 |
A_66_230 | 57|58 | zh | en | 健康 | Health | 0.999833 | 0.999833 |
A_66_230 | 58|59 | zh | en | 36. 尽可能达到最高标准的健康并使高质量的保健服务支付的起，是所有儿童的一项固有权利。这两项公约确认各国有义务采取一切适当措施，确保实现残疾儿童的这种权利。许多国家仍然在概念上把残疾作为一种慢性医疗状况，其解决办法是保健、康复、机构照料或特殊教育和养老金等社会支助。因此，需要进行投资以将服务重新定位，承认社会各方面的障碍是儿童的损伤造成失去能力后果的主要原因。 | 36. Attainment of the highest possible standard of health and access to and affordability of quality health care are inherent rights of every child. Both Conventions affirm the obligations on States to take all appropriate measures to ensure the realization of such rights for children with disabilities. Many countries still conceptualize disability as a chronic medical condition, for which the solutions are health care, rehabilitation, institutionalization or social supports such as special education and pensions. Investment is therefore needed to re-orientate services towards recognition that the barriers across society are a primary cause of the disabling effects of impairments in children. | 0.479201 | 0.495696 |
A_66_230 | 59|60 | zh | en | 37. 此外，歧视、障碍、缺乏旨在满足其特定需求的有针对性的健康计划，在世界许多地方继续妨碍在实现残疾儿童健康权方面取得进展。需要采取措施提供有针对性的服务，以减轻损伤造成的影响，并建立包容性、非歧视性和无障碍的服务。 | 37. In addition, discrimination, inaccessibility and a lack of targeted health programmes designed to address their specific needs continue to hamper progress in the realization of the right to health for children with disabilities, in many parts of the world. Measures are needed in order to provide targeted services to mitigate the impact of impairments and to develop inclusive, non-discriminatory and accessible services. | 0.752745 | 0.825299 |
A_66_230 | 60|61 | zh | en | 38. 正如经济、社会和文化权利委员会第5号一般性意见(1994年)和《残疾人权利公约》第25条(b)和第26条所述，许多残疾儿童需要旨在尽量减轻残疾和预防残疾恶化的特殊医疗和社会服务，以及整形外科和康复服务，以促进其独立并支持其融入社会。心理社会和智力残疾往往得不到诊断或治疗，其意义也被普遍忽视。这方面缺乏适当的政策、方案、法律和资源。在大多数国家，仍然是主要由各种机构提供护理。从机构转到社区照顾的工作是缓慢和不平衡的。最近对42个低收入和中等收入国家的心理健康体系的研究表明，用于心理健康的资源绝大多数集中在城市地区。[16] 为有心理社会或智力残疾的儿童提供所有类型的保健的工作，由于他们所遭受的耻辱和歧视而复杂化。 | 38. Many children with disabilities require specific medical and social services, designed to minimize and prevent further disabilities, as well as orthopaedic and rehabilitation services, to promote independence and support their social integration, as discussed in general comment No. 5 (1994) of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and in articles 25 (b) and 26 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Psychosocial and intellectual disabilities are often neither diagnosed nor treated, and their significance is generally overlooked. Adequate policies, programmes, laws and resources are lacking. In most countries, care is still predominantly provided in institutions. The move from institutional to community care is slow and uneven. A recent study of mental health systems in 42 low-income and middle-income countries showed that resources for mental health are overwhelmingly concentrated in urban settings.[15] Access to all types of health care for children with psychosocial or intellectual disabilities is complicated by the stigma and discrimination they suffer. | 0.471757 | 0.467842 |
A_66_230 | 61|62 | zh | en | 39. 秘书长最近的一份报告(A/64/180)证实目前存在残疾儿童的识别和评估机制薄弱的模式。若干研究表明，即使在高度发达的国家，虽然一些社区将残疾儿童纳入其外联工作，但这些儿童往往得不到标准免疫接种和基本保健。残疾青少年在获得保密的性健康和生殖健康服务和信息，包括艾滋病毒/艾滋病服务方面面临着特别的挑战。[17] 然而，根据世界卫生组织、联合国艾滋病毒/艾滋病联合规划署(艾滋病规划署)和联合国人权事务高级专员办事处的数据，他们之间的感染程度等于或高于社区其他人，主要原因之一是他们极为容易受到性虐待。常见的误解是，残疾人性生活不活跃，这往往导致卫生专业人员未能向其提供性健康与生殖健康服务。⁵ 此外，需要采取行动结束违背残疾儿童意愿或依据家庭利益而对其实施绝育或堕胎的做法(《残疾人权利公约》，第23条第1款㈢)。应该在自由和知情同意的基础上向残疾儿童提供保健，同时尊重孩子的自主性。 | 39. A recent report of the Secretary-General (A/64/180) testifies to a prevailing pattern of weak identification of and assessment mechanisms for children with disabilities. Several studies show that while some communities have included children with disabilities in outreach efforts, children with disabilities often do not receive standard immunizations and basic care, even in highly developed countries. Adolescents with disabilities face particular challenges in accessing confidential sexual and reproductive health services and information, including HIV/AIDS services.[16] Yet, infection levels among them are equal to or higher than the rest of the community, one of the main causes being their significant vulnerability to sexual abuse, according to data from the World Health Organization, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. The common misconception that people with disabilities are not sexually active often leads health professionals to fail to offer them sexual and reproductive health services.⁵ In addition, action is needed to bring an end to practices whereby children with disabilities are subject to sterilization or abortion against their will or on the basis of family interests (Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, art. 23, para. 1 (c)). Health care provided to children with disabilities should be based on free and informed consent, while respecting the autonomy of the child. | 0.606646 | 0.607115 |
A_66_230 | 62|63 | zh | en | 贫穷与社会保护 | Poverty and social protection | 0.999962 | 0.999962 |
A_66_230 | 63|64 | zh | en | 40. 《儿童权利公约》规定各国有义务确认每一个儿童获得其适当发展所需的适足生活水平的权利，帮助家长实现这一权利，并采取必要的措施充分实现每个孩子受益于社会保障的权利。《残疾人权利公约》还要求各国采取措施，帮助残疾儿童在社区的生活，包括为此实施社会保障计划，以及有责任使所有基本服务包含残疾人并使他们无障碍地获得服务(第28条)。 | 40. The Convention on the Rights of the Child places obligations on States to recognize the right of every child to an adequate standard of living for their proper development, to support parents in realizing this right and to take necessary measures to achieve the full realization of every child’s right to benefit from social security. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities additionally requires States to adopt measures to support children with disabilities living in the community, including through social protection programmes, as well as a duty to make all essential services inclusive of and accessible for persons with disabilities (art. 28). | 0.640844 | 0.657039 |
A_66_230 | 64|65 | zh | en | 41. 然而，残疾儿童中间的极端贫困现象仍很普遍。在发展中国家中约有4.26亿残疾人生活在贫穷线以下，通常属于占这些国家15%至20%的最为脆弱和边缘化的穷人。世界银行估计，残疾人在世界上最贫穷人口中的比例可能高达1/5。[18] | 41. Nevertheless, extreme poverty among children with disabilities remains widespread. Approximately 426 million people with disabilities in developing countries live below the poverty line and are often among the 15 to 20 per cent most vulnerable and marginalized poor in such countries. The World Bank has estimated that people with disabilities may account for as many as 1 in 5 of the world’s poorest people.[17] | 0.517044 | 0.529068 |
A_66_230 | 65|66 | zh | en | 42. 最低限度社会保护倡议是作为一项关键措施而推出的，以推动实现千年发展目标。[19] 这一倡议具有大力推动解决各种残疾问题的范围。[20] 虽然需要努力促进将残疾问题纳入各项减贫计划和政策，且大会第65/1号决议中着重提到这一需要，但至今为解决该问题所做的工作太少。 | 42. The Social Protection Floor Initiative was introduced as a key measure to contribute towards the Millennium Development Goals.[18] There is scope for this initiative to contribute significantly to addressing issues of disability.[19] While the need for efforts to promote inclusion of disability issues in poverty reduction programmes and policies has been highlighted in General Assembly resolution 65/1, too little has yet been done to address this issue. | 0.45939 | 0.466494 |