metadata

annotations_creators:
  - no-annotation
language_creators:
  - other
languages:
  - ca
  - en
  - de
  - es
  - fr
  - ru
  - ja
  - it
  - zh
  - pt
  - nl
  - tr
  - pl
  - vi
  - ar
  - id
  - uk
  - ro
  - 'no'
  - th
  - sv
  - el
  - fi
  - he
  - da
  - cs
  - ko
  - fa
  - hi
  - hu
  - sk
  - lt
  - et
  - hr
  - is
  - lv
  - ms
  - bg
  - sr
  - ca
licenses:
  - cc0-1.0
multilinguality:
  - multilingual
pretty_name: MQA - a Multilingual FAQ and CQA Dataset
size_categories:
  - unknown
source_datasets:
  - original
task_categories:
  - question-answering
task_ids:
  - multiple-choice-qa

MQA

MQA is a multilingual corpus of questions and answers parsed from the Common Crawl. Questions are divided between Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) pages and Community Question Answering (CQA) pages.

from datasets import load_dataset
all = load_dataset("clips/mqa", language="en")
{
  "name": "the title of the question (if any)",
  "text": "the body of the question (if any)",
  "answers": [{
    "text": "the text of the answer",
    "is_accepted": "true|false"
  }]
}
faq = load_dataset("clips/mqa", scope="faq", language="en")
cqa = load_dataset("clips/mqa", scope="cqa", language="en")

Languages

We collected around 234M pairs of questions and answers in 39 languages. To download a language specific subset you need to specify the language key as configuration. See below for an example.

load_dataset("clips/mqa", language="en") # replace "en" by any language listed below

Language	Key	Pairs	Pages
All	all	6,346,693	1,035,649
English	en	3,719,484	608,796
German	de	829,098	111,618
Spanish	es	482,818	75,489
French	fr	351,458	56,317
Italian	it	155,296	24,562
Dutch	nl	150,819	32,574
Portuguese	pt	138,778	26,169
Turkish	tr	102,373	19,002
Russian	ru	91,771	22,643
Polish	pl	65,182	10,695
Indonesian	id	45,839	7,910
Norwegian	no	37,711	5,143
Swedish	sv	37,003	5,270
Danish	da	32,655	5,279
Vietnamese	vi	27,157	5,261
Finnish	fi	20,485	2,795
Romanian	ro	17,066	3,554
Czech	cs	16,675	2,568
Hebrew	he	11,212	1,921
Hungarian	hu	8,598	1,264
Croatian	hr	5,215	819

FAQ vs. CQA

You can download the Frequently Asked Questions or the Community Question Answering part of the dataset by specifying the scope in the dataset construction. Specify all to download both.

faq = load_dataset("clips/mqa", scope="faq")
cqa = load_dataset("clips/mqa", scope="cqa")
all = load_dataset("clips/mqa", scope="all")

Nesting and Data Fields

You can specify three different nesting level: question, page and domain.

Question

load_dataset("clips/mqa", level="question") # default

The default level is the question object:

name: the title of the question (if any)
text: the body of the question (if any)
answers: a list of answers
- text: the title of the answer (if any)
- name: the body of the answer
- is_accepted: true if the answer is selected.

Page

This level returns a list of questions present on the same page. This is mostly useful for FAQs since CQAs already have one question per page.

load_dataset("clips/mqa", level="page")

Domain

This level returns a list of pages present on the web domain. This is a good way to cope with FAQs duplication by sampling one page per domain at each epoch.

load_dataset("clips/mqa", level="domain")

Source Data

This section was adapted from the source data description of OSCAR

Common Crawl is a non-profit foundation which produces and maintains an open repository of web crawled data that is both accessible and analysable. Common Crawl's complete web archive consists of petabytes of data collected over 8 years of web crawling. The repository contains raw web page HTML data (WARC files), metdata extracts (WAT files) and plain text extracts (WET files). The organisation's crawlers has always respected nofollow and robots.txt policies.

To construct MQA, we used the WARC files of Common Crawl.

People

This model was developed by Maxime De Bruyn, Ehsan Lotfi, Jeska Buhmann and Walter Daelemans.

Licensing Information

These data are released under this licensing scheme.
We do not own any of the text from which these data has been extracted.
We license the actual packaging of these data under the Creative Commons CC0 license ("no rights reserved") http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

Should you consider that our data contains material that is owned by you and should therefore not be reproduced here, please:
* Clearly identify yourself, with detailed contact data such as an address, telephone number or email address at which you can be contacted.
* Clearly identify the copyrighted work claimed to be infringed.
* Clearly identify the material that is claimed to be infringing and information reasonably sufficient to allow us to locate the material.

We will comply to legitimate requests by removing the affected sources from the next release of the corpus.

Citation information

@misc{debruyn2021mfaq,
      title={MFAQ: a Multilingual FAQ Dataset}, 
      author={Maxime {De Bruyn} and Ehsan Lotfi and Jeska Buhmann and Walter Daelemans},
      year={2021},
      eprint={2109.12870},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}