Datasets:
topic
stringlengths 5
99
| parent_argument
stringlengths 27
124
| child_argument
stringlengths 28
169
| relation
stringclasses 2
values |
---|---|---|---|
ASEAN | This house would disband ASEAN | ASEAN has subscribed to the notion of democratic peace | attack |
American Jobs Act | This house would pass the American Jobs Act | The American Jobs Act gives more tax breaks, thus contributing more to the federal deficit | attack |
Holocaust denial | This house believes that Holocaust denial should be a criminal offence | The way of fighting Holocaust deniers is with history and with truth | attack |
Israel's 2008-2009 military operations against Gaza | This house believes that Israel's 2008-2009 military operations against Gaza were justified | Israel targeted Palestinian civilians as a matter of policy | attack |
advertising | This house believes that advertising is harmful | Advertising is a powerful educational tool capable of reaching and motivating large audiences | attack |
all nations have a right to nuclear weapons | This house believes all nations have a right to nuclear weapons | more countries with nuclear weapons may increase the possibility of nuclear warfare | attack |
atheism | This house believes atheism is the only way | basic facts, such as humanity's existence, are best explained by the existence of God | attack |
austerity measures | This house believes that Europe should weaken its austerity measures to guarantee its citizens greater social support | deficit spending is always bad policy | attack |
barrier methods of contraception | This house believes that the Catholic Church is justified in forbidding the use of barrier methods of contraception | Condoms (male or female) are used to protect against STIs | attack |
blasphemy | This house would criminalize blasphemy | The 'defamation of religions' concept is used to justify censorship | attack |
boxing | This house would ban boxing | Referees will stop the bout if a boxer is seriously injured | attack |
bribery | This house believes that bribery is sometimes acceptable | corruption increases the cost of business | attack |
build high rises for housing | This house would build high rises for housing | Tower Blocks grew a reputation for being undesirable low cost housing | attack |
build hydroelectric dams | This house would build hydroelectric dams | Hydroelectric projects can be disruptive to surrounding aquatic ecosystems | attack |
build the Keystone XL pipeline | This house would build the Keystone XL pipeline | The production of bitumen and synthetic crude oil emits more greenhouse gases than the production of conventional crude oil | attack |
burning the stars and stripes | This house would prohibit burning the stars and stripes | the First Amendment protects such activity as symbolic speech | attack |
collective bargaining rights claimed by trades unions | This house would abolish all collective bargaining rights claimed by trades unions | The right to bargain collectively with an employer enhances the human dignity | attack |
congressional earmarks | This house would abolish congressional earmarks | directing money to particular purposes is a core constitutional function of Congress | attack |
democratic governments should require voters to present photo identification at the polling station | This house believes that democratic governments should require voters to present photo identification at the polling station | Identification requirements may heighten the opportunities for confusion and voter intimidation | attack |
democratization | This house would promote democratization | Democracy in general is criticized for ignoring the rights of the minority | attack |
endangered species | This house believes that endangered species should be protected | Any efforts to protect the world’s remaining natural habitat and biodiversity will compete directly with humans’ growing demand for natural resources | attack |
enforce term limits on the legislative branch of government | This house would enforce term limits on the legislative branch of government | Limiting terms deprives voters of the right to choose whom they want in office | attack |
freedom of speech | This house believes that it is sometimes right for the government to restrict freedom of speech | there ought to exist the fullest liberty of professing and discussing, as a matter of ethical conviction, any doctrine, however immoral it may be considered | attack |
fund education using a voucher scheme | This house would fund education using a voucher scheme | the tuition voucher proposal would undermine public education | attack |
gambling | This house would ban gambling | gambling increases aggregate demand for goods and services in the economy | attack |
governments should choose open source software | This house believes governments should choose open source software in order to encourage its use | Open source software will often be less usable | attack |
have children | This house would never have children | having children is frequently viewed as a measure of success | attack |
housewives should be paid for their work | This house believes that housewives should be paid for their work | Women's jobs in the home are not part of any market | attack |
implement playoffs in collegiate level American football | This house would implement playoffs in collegiate level American football | Implementation of a playoff system would lead to other, more serious consequences | attack |
institute a mandatory retirement age | This house would institute a mandatory retirement age | the age at which retirement is mandated is often somewhat arbitrary and not based upon an actual physical evaluation of an individual person | attack |
intellectual property rights | This house would abolish intellectual property rights | artists cannot produce new works without an economic incentive | attack |
leaking of military documents | This house believes that the leaking of military documents by Anat Kamm was justified | leaks .. may have a very negative security impact for people involved | attack |
make physical education compulsory | This house would make physical education compulsory | Not everyone benefits equally from exercise | attack |
multiculturalism | This house would embrace multiculturalism | Multiculturalism is divisive | attack |
national service | This house would reintroduce national service | adequate military strength could be maintained without having conscription | attack |
only teach abstinence for sex education in schools | This house would only teach abstinence for sex education in schools | Adolescents who begin having sexual intercourse need to understand the importance of using an effective contraceptive every time they have sex | attack |
open primaries | This house believes that open primaries are the most effective method of selecting candidates for elections | A party's basic function is to choose its own leaders | attack |
partial birth abortions | This house would ban partial birth abortions | A state's ban on partial birth abortion is unconstitutional | attack |
raising the school leaving age to 18 | This house supports raising the school leaving age to 18 | Schools inhibit a person’s will and ability to self-learn | attack |
re-engage with Myanmar | This house would re-engage with Myanmar | economic sanctions and political pressure on the Burmese military regime remain the only feasible policy to achieve a restoration of democracy and human rights in Burma | attack |
subsidize poor communities | This house would subsidize poor communities | foreign aid is seen to be serving the interests of the donor more than the recipient | attack |
subsidize the growing of tobacco | This house believes that states should not subsidize the growing of tobacco | commercial tobacco production is a vital part of the American and world economy | attack |
the blockade of Gaza | This house believes that Israel should lift the blockade of Gaza | The situation in Gaza is the direct result of Hamas' rule and priorities | attack |
the creation of private universities in the UK | This house would encourage the creation of private universities in the UK | Tuition fees at private universities tend to be higher than at public universities | attack |
the monarchy | This house would abolish the monarchy | Monarchy safeguards the constitutional rights of the individual | attack |
the one-child policy of the republic of China | This house supports the one-child policy of the republic of China | China's birth control policy is thought to have been a significant contribution to the gender imbalance in mainland China | attack |
the right to asylum | This house believes that the right to asylum should not be absolute | Migration provides a positive resource for the economy | attack |
the right to bear arms | This house would limit the right to bear arms | Right-to-carry laws serve as a deterrent against crime | attack |
the sale of violent video games to minors | This house believes that the sale of violent video games to minors should be banned | No evidence links video games to youth violence | attack |
the use of affirmative action | This house believes in the use of affirmative action | Affirmative action perpetuates racial division | attack |
the use of performance enhancing drugs in professional sports | This house would permit the use of performance enhancing drugs in professional sports | Many former athletes suffer from health problems related to steroid consumption | attack |
the use of truth and reconciliation commissions | This house supports the use of truth and reconciliation commissions | abuses of human rights have gone unpunished under truth commissions | attack |
unleash the free market | This house would unleash the free market | Governmental intervention can result in potential gains in efficiency | attack |
wind power | This house believes that wind power should be a primary focus of future energy supply | Wind farms are causing annoyance and ill health in people | attack |
year round schooling | This house would introduce year round schooling | children need the 2–3 months off to relax and also to take a break from other childhood stresses associated with school | attack |
ASEAN | This house would disband ASEAN | ASEAN has begun to be less successful at restraining its members and resolving border disputes | support |
American Jobs Act | This house would pass the American Jobs Act | The American Jobs Act, would give businesses incentives to hire unemployed and disabled veterans | support |
Holocaust denial | This house believes that Holocaust denial should be a criminal offence | Holocaust denial is described as an affront to our humanity | support |
Israel's 2008-2009 military operations against Gaza | This house believes that Israel's 2008-2009 military operations against Gaza were justified | Palestinian security forces do little or nothing to prevent rocket attacks | support |
advertising | This house believes that advertising is harmful | Advertising is not without social costs | support |
all nations have a right to nuclear weapons | This house believes all nations have a right to nuclear weapons | unlike conventional weapons, nuclear weapons successfully deter all-out war between states | support |
atheism | This house believes atheism is the only way | arguments for the existence of God show insufficient reason to believe | support |
austerity measures | This house believes that Europe should weaken its austerity measures to guarantee its citizens greater social support | negative impact of tighter fiscal policy could offset the positive impact | support |
barrier methods of contraception | This house believes that the Catholic Church is justified in forbidding the use of barrier methods of contraception | God created sexual intercourse to be both unitive and procreative | support |
blasphemy | This house would criminalize blasphemy | humiliation of the values that are held in high esteem by people cannot be justified by the freedom of speech | support |
boxing | This house would ban boxing | Headgear is not permitted in professional bouts, and boxers are generally allowed to take much more damage before a fight is halted | support |
bribery | This house believes that bribery is sometimes acceptable | In some cases where the system of law is not well-implemented, bribes may be a way for companies to continue their businesses | support |
build high rises for housing | This house would build high rises for housing | Planning policies which increase population densities in urban areas do tend to reduce car use | support |
build hydroelectric dams | This house would build hydroelectric dams | Among sources of renewable energy, hydroelectric plants have the advantages of being long-lived | support |
build the Keystone XL pipeline | This house would build the Keystone XL pipeline | oil and gas pipelines are an important asset of the economic development of almost any country | support |
burning the stars and stripes | This house would prohibit burning the stars and stripes | Americans support a flag desecration amendment | support |
collective bargaining rights claimed by trades unions | This house would abolish all collective bargaining rights claimed by trades unions | unionized workers raise their own wages above their natural rate at the expense of their businesses or other workers | support |
congressional earmarks | This house would abolish congressional earmarks | benefits of a vote only reach a particular portion of the population, while the tax costs that pay for the vote are spread throughout the entire populace | support |
democratic governments should require voters to present photo identification at the polling station | This house believes that democratic governments should require voters to present photo identification at the polling station | Photo identification is necessary to prevent widespread voter fraud | support |
democratization | This house would promote democratization | Democratization empowers people legally in entitling them to practice freedom | support |
endangered species | This house believes that endangered species should be protected | humans are losing animals that could have served as biological control agents | support |
enforce term limits on the legislative branch of government | This house would enforce term limits on the legislative branch of government | Freed from political considerations related to re-election, lawmakers would be more free to vote on the merits | support |
freedom of speech | This house believes that it is sometimes right for the government to restrict freedom of speech | Reasonable restrictions on freedom of expression can be imposed in the interest of public order | support |
fund education using a voucher scheme | This house would fund education using a voucher scheme | a "competitive education market" would lead to "innovation and improvement | support |
gambling | This house would ban gambling | nearly all the western states' governments outlawed gambling | support |
governments should choose open source software | This house believes governments should choose open source software in order to encourage its use | open-source software is inherently safer | support |
have children | This house would never have children | the best thing for a man is not to be born | support |
housewives should be paid for their work | This house believes that housewives should be paid for their work | Care work is essential to human well-being | support |
implement playoffs in collegiate level American football | This house would implement playoffs in collegiate level American football | a single loss can potentially end a team's chance at a National Championship or propel some other team into the title game under the current system | support |
institute a mandatory retirement age | This house would institute a mandatory retirement age | Separation of older people from active roles in society benefits both society and older individuals | support |
intellectual property rights | This house would abolish intellectual property rights | Patents are critisized as state-granted monopolies inconsistent with free trade | support |
leaking of military documents | This house believes that the leaking of military documents by Anat Kamm was justified | government information should be available to the public | support |
make physical education compulsory | This house would make physical education compulsory | people die as a result of physical inactivity | support |
multiculturalism | This house would embrace multiculturalism | Diversity makes available more ways of solving problems and responding to catastrophes | support |
national service | This house would reintroduce national service | bringing back the draft would remedy the social disparity | support |
only teach abstinence for sex education in schools | This house would only teach abstinence for sex education in schools | sexual behavior outside of marriage is immoral | support |
open primaries | This house believes that open primaries are the most effective method of selecting candidates for elections | the open primary allows nonpartisan or independent voters to participate in the nominating process | support |
partial birth abortions | This house would ban partial birth abortions | abortion has negative effects on society | support |
raising the school leaving age to 18 | This house supports raising the school leaving age to 18 | Raising the school leaving age will tackle the problem of young people leaving school unskilled | support |
re-engage with Myanmar | This house would re-engage with Myanmar | since the transition to new government in August 2011, Burma's human rights record has been improving | support |
subsidize poor communities | This house would subsidize poor communities | economic inequality contributes to crime | support |
subsidize the growing of tobacco | This house believes that states should not subsidize the growing of tobacco | smoking-related health problems contribute to rising health care costs | support |
the blockade of Gaza | This house believes that Israel should lift the blockade of Gaza | all that is being achieved through the blockade is to "enrich Hamas and marginalize even further the voices of moderation | support |
the creation of private universities in the UK | This house would encourage the creation of private universities in the UK | private entities are more efficiently run | support |
the monarchy | This house would abolish the monarchy | people are given greater dignity from choosing their head of state | support |
⚠️ This repository is a part of an academical project for the Heriot-Watt University, no third-party contributions are accepted.
Dataset Card for Liaison's IBM Claim Stance Dataset Sample
About the Dataset
Dataset Summary
The present dataset is a result of processing the IBM Debater Claim Stance Dataset to create representative samples. The size has been reduced to roughly 100 entries, enabling the benchmarking of models for relation-based argument mining tasks with limited resources. You can also find here the associated benchmarking framework and results.
The sample also modifies the original dataset to achieve a more balanced plurality of stances and topics, and creates a new "unrelated" class in argument relation (following a simple rule-based data augmentation algorithm). Further details on the preprocessing can be found on GitHub.
Dataset Structure
- parent_argument - The first argument that states a position regarding a topic
- child_argument - Another argument that is compared to the parent argument
- relation - The argumentative relation of the child argument to the parent argument. It can either be support/attack in the binary split or support/attack/unrelated in the ternary split
About Contributions
As mentioned earlier, this work is part of an academic project for the validation of my Master's Degree at Heriot-Watt University, preventing me from accepting any contributions until the final release of my project. Thank you for your understanding.
Associated Works
This work is part of a collection of works whose ultimate goal is to deliver a framework to automatically analyze social media content (e.g., X, Reddit) to extract their argumentative value and predict their relations, leveraging Large Language Models' (LLMs) abilities:
- liaisons (the developed client for social media content analysis)
- liaisons-preprocess (the preprocessing of the original IBM dataset)
- liaisons-experiments (the benchmarking framework that the sample is intended to be used with)
- liaisons-experiments-results (the obtained results with this benchmarking)
- mantis-shrimp (the configuration-as-code used to set up my workstation for this project)
Licensing Information
This work includes data from the following sources:
- Wikipedia content licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0: Wikipedia
- IBM content licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0: (c) Copyright IBM 2014. Released under CC-BY-SA 3.0
Modifications and preprocessing have been made to the original data. This derivative work is licensed under the same CC BY-SA 3.0 license.
Credits
Further information about the original dataset can be found on its original HuggingFace page and its associated research papers: Stance Classification of Context-Dependent Claims and Improving Claim Stance Classification with Lexical Knowledge Expansion and Context Utilization.
Special Thanks
I would like to credits Andrew Ireland, my supervisor for this project.
- Downloads last month
- 49