Datasets:

copenlu

/

citeworth

like 4

Follow

CopeNLU 21

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "In the European Union, consumers discard around 5.8 million tones of textiles waste every year.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the European Union, consumers discard around 5.8 million tones of textiles waste every year.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Only 1.5 million tones of such textiles waste are recycled by charities and industrial enterprises.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Only 1.5 million tones of such textiles waste are recycled by charities and industrial enterprises.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The remaining waste goes to landfills or to municipal waste incinerators.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The remaining waste goes to landfills or to municipal waste incinerators [9] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF8" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[9]" ] } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "The VDF shall reproduce both travel times and traffic flows realistically.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The VDF shall reproduce both travel times and traffic flows realistically.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Usually, the focus is to reproduce the actually observed flow pattern in the network, and it is well known that travel times in macroscopic model are a rough approximation neglecting fundamental traffic phenomena (such as bottlenecks, spillbacks, capacity drop, and gridlocks) which can be handled with dynamic traffic flow models.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Usually, the focus is to reproduce the actually observed flow pattern in the network, and it is well known that travel times in macroscopic model are a rough approximation neglecting fundamental traffic phenomena (such as bottlenecks, spillbacks, capacity drop, and gridlocks) which can be handled with dynamic traffic flow models [3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3]" ] }, { "text": "The relationship between travel delay and flow volume used 2 Journal of Advanced Transportation in macroscopic traffic flow models is extremely simplified and behaviorally unrealistic, yet it is commonly applied in big-scale traffic demand models.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The relationship between travel delay and flow volume used 2 Journal of Advanced Transportation in macroscopic traffic flow models is extremely simplified and behaviorally unrealistic, yet it is commonly applied in big-scale traffic demand models [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4]" ] }, { "text": "Nevertheless, to improve the representativeness of resulting travel times, the VDF are usually estimated to match the observed traffic speeds/travel times, which raises following estimation issue, which we address in the paper.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Nevertheless, to improve the representativeness of resulting travel times, the VDF are usually estimated to match the observed traffic speeds/travel times, which raises following estimation issue, which we address in the paper.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "In this paper we will solve the estimation problem where traffic speed is a function of the traffic flow, generically expressed as V = ( ) and further called volume delay function (VDF) or link-congestion function.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this paper we will solve the estimation problem where traffic speed is a function of the traffic flow, generically expressed as V = ( ) and further called volume delay function (VDF) or link-congestion function.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The solution of the problem is a function which reproduces traffic speeds observed in field measurements.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The solution of the problem is a function which reproduces traffic speeds observed in field measurements.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The VDF is commonly applied in static macroscopic traffic assignment to describe the resultant link travel times, as a function of flow (result of assignment) and capacity and free-flow travel time (constant parameters of the link).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The VDF is commonly applied in static macroscopic traffic assignment to describe the resultant link travel times, as a function of flow (result of assignment) and capacity and free-flow travel time (constant parameters of the link).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The purposes of this function are to reproduce congestion effects in the macroscopic model and to serve as an objective function in the assignment problem where the travel times are minimized.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The purposes of this function are to reproduce congestion effects in the macroscopic model and to serve as an objective function in the assignment problem where the travel times are minimized [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "The VDF is usually formulated in an easily integrable and differentiable form, since the assignment algorithm searches for the solution by using the integrals of VDF.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The VDF is usually formulated in an easily integrable and differentiable form, since the assignment algorithm searches for the solution by using the integrals of VDF [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] }, { "text": "Unlike the physical representations of the traffic flow, the VDF allows the flow to exceed the capacity (which is by definition impossible within the traffic flow definitions).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Unlike the physical representations of the traffic flow, the VDF allows the flow to exceed the capacity (which is by definition impossible within the traffic flow definitions).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "As a result, the flow volumes used in macroscopic assignment (and in turn in VDF) are not strictly related to the physically measured flows.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As a result, the flow volumes used in macroscopic assignment (and in turn in VDF) are not strictly related to the physically measured flows.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The macroscopic flow (as we will denote it) is treated more like a demand flow which becomes delayed if it exceeds capacity.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The macroscopic flow (as we will denote it) is treated more like a demand flow which becomes delayed if it exceeds capacity.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We will exploit this distinction in the proposed method.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We will exploit this distinction in the proposed method.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "The fabless model comes with the risk of compromising the designer's intellectual property (IP), i.e., the chip's design details.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The fabless model comes with the risk of compromising the designer's intellectual property (IP), i.e., the chip's design details.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "When a designer outsources a chip for manufacturing, the foundry obtains full access to the chip's layout (effectively a blue-print of the chip), from which it can recover its netlist (a network of interconnected Boolean logic gates) and, as a result, its Boolean functionality.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "When a designer outsources a chip for manufacturing, the foundry obtains full access to the chip's layout (effectively a blue-print of the chip), from which it can recover its netlist (a network of interconnected Boolean logic gates) and, as a result, its Boolean functionality [34] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF33" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[34]" ] }, { "text": "The foundry can then sell the designer's IP to its competitors.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The foundry can then sell the designer's IP to its competitors.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "If the chip implements proprietary protocols or algorithms the designer stands to lose her competitive advantage.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "If the chip implements proprietary protocols or algorithms the designer stands to lose her competitive advantage.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In addition, the foundry can also manufacture and sell extra copies of the chip in the black market.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In addition, the foundry can also manufacture and sell extra copies of the chip in the black market.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "For these reasons, the risk of IP theft has become a serious concern both for commercial IC design companies, as well as for state actors like national defense agencies.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "For these reasons, the risk of IP theft has become a serious concern both for commercial IC design companies, as well as for state actors like national defense agencies.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "Leaf-base tissues were stirred and extracted using cold, 80 % methanol, to which was added 40 mg.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Leaf-base tissues were stirred and extracted using cold, 80 % methanol, to which was added 40 mg.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "L −1 butylhydroxytoluene as an antioxidant for 60 h at 4 o C. Tritiated IAA and ABA (1.85 kBq/extract) were added for an estimation of recovery, since there is no commercial tritiated cytokinin available.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "L −1 butylhydroxytoluene as an antioxidant for 60 h at 4 o C. Tritiated IAA and ABA (1.85 kBq/extract) were added for an estimation of recovery, since there is no commercial tritiated cytokinin available.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Tritiated IAA and ABA have been shown to perform as internal standards for Z, ZR and iP, iPR, BA respectively.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Tritiated IAA and ABA have been shown to perform as internal standards for Z, ZR and iP, iPR, BA respectively (Maldiney et al., 1986; Sotta et al., 1987) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF11", "BIBREF21" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Maldiney et al., 1986; Sotta et al., 1987)" ] }, { "text": "The methanolic extracts were filtered through both 0.45 µm and 0.2 µm pore-size filters, and then passed through a Sep-Pack C18 cartridge eluted with 80 % methanol.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The methanolic extracts were filtered through both 0.45 µm and 0.2 µm pore-size filters, and then passed through a Sep-Pack C18 cartridge eluted with 80 % methanol.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The eluates were reduced to water by a rotary evaporator, made to 500 µl with diluted formic acid (0.2 %), and then purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an octadecyl-reversed phase column.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The eluates were reduced to water by a rotary evaporator, made to 500 µl with diluted formic acid (0.2 %), and then purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an octadecyl-reversed phase column.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The elution solvent was methanol in formic acid at pH 3.0.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The elution solvent was methanol in formic acid at pH 3.0.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Triethylamine was added to improve cytokinin separation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Triethylamine was added to improve cytokinin separation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The fractions were collected and reduced to dryness before being methylated with ethereal diazomethane for IAA analysis.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The fractions were collected and reduced to dryness before being methylated with ethereal diazomethane for IAA analysis.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Cytokinin and IAA quantification was carried out by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method with polyclonal anti-ZR (crossreactivity against Z), anti-iPR (cross-reactivity against iP and BA) and anti-IAA antibodies.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Cytokinin and IAA quantification was carried out by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method with polyclonal anti-ZR (crossreactivity against Z), anti-iPR (cross-reactivity against iP and BA) and anti-IAA antibodies.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The level of each hormone per sample was measured 5 times, and the values were corrected for recovery.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The level of each hormone per sample was measured 5 times, and the values were corrected for recovery.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Calculations were made by reference to a calibration curve established on each microtritation plate with a 4 th order polynomial regression obtained from 4 experimental standard curves.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Calculations were made by reference to a calibration curve established on each microtritation plate with a 4 th order polynomial regression obtained from 4 experimental standard curves.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Data for leaf base hormonal levels were based on 3 independent experiments, which gave similar results, whereas the values given in this paper are from one experimental series.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Data for leaf base hormonal levels were based on 3 independent experiments, which gave similar results, whereas the values given in this paper are from one experimental series.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Hormonal data underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Hormonal data underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "The high percentage of biopsies conducted under endotracheal anesthesia in comparison with literature can be attributed to the large number of complex procedures, such as biopsies of lesions located in close proximity to the heart and tumors that were smaller than 1 cm, and even smaller than 0.8 cm.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The high percentage of biopsies conducted under endotracheal anesthesia in comparison with literature can be attributed to the large number of complex procedures, such as biopsies of lesions located in close proximity to the heart and tumors that were smaller than 1 cm, and even smaller than 0.8 cm.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Additionally, many lesions in lymph node stations 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 were biopsied, positions in which even the smallest deviations from the plan could lead to severe complications from bleeding.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Additionally, many lesions in lymph node stations 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 were biopsied, positions in which even the smallest deviations from the plan could lead to severe complications from bleeding.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Children, mentally impaired patients, on patient's request or inability to understand the national language were not biopsied under local anesthesia for obvious reasons, nor were already intubated patients from the intensive care ward.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Children, mentally impaired patients, on patient's request or inability to understand the national language were not biopsied under local anesthesia for obvious reasons, nor were already intubated patients from the intensive care ward.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In some cases, in the initial medical discussion for a biopsy, patients are advised by their pulmonologist to have \"short-acting anesthesia\".", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In some cases, in the initial medical discussion for a biopsy, patients are advised by their pulmonologist to have \"short-acting anesthesia\".", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We have discontinued this liberal handling of endotracheal anesthesia in view of the result that it could be an independent and very plausible risk factor for the occurrence of an SAE.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We have discontinued this liberal handling of endotracheal anesthesia in view of the result that it could be an independent and very plausible risk factor for the occurrence of an SAE.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We now advise patients against anesthesia whenever possible and offer analgesic sedation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We now advise patients against anesthesia whenever possible and offer analgesic sedation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "If endotracheal anesthesia appears to be necessary, the needle is now removed during breath-hold in expiration position after disconnecting the ventilator.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "If endotracheal anesthesia appears to be necessary, the needle is now removed during breath-hold in expiration position after disconnecting the ventilator.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The risk of air inflow to a vein depending on the positioning of the patient is also known from neurosurgery.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The risk of air inflow to a vein depending on the positioning of the patient is also known from neurosurgery [12] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF11" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[12]" ] }, { "text": "A sitting position with the head as the highest point of the body is considered especially risky.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "A sitting position with the head as the highest point of the body is considered especially risky [15] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF14" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[15]" ] }, { "text": "The frequency of occurrences of intravascular air during PCNB from a tumor located above the level of the left atrium can be explained similarly -the higher the lesion above the left atrium, the lower the pulmonary venous pressure and the greater the danger of air inflow if a vascular wall is damaged.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The frequency of occurrences of intravascular air during PCNB from a tumor located above the level of the left atrium can be explained similarly -the higher the lesion above the left atrium, the lower the pulmonary venous pressure and the greater the danger of air inflow if a vascular wall is damaged.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This also explains the risk of the prone position, as most lesions in the lower lobe are biopsied in this position, which are then located far above the level of the atrium.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This also explains the risk of the prone position, as most lesions in the lower lobe are biopsied in this position, which are then located far above the level of the atrium.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "As a consequence, it must be concluded that positioning a lesion above the level of the left atrium and also prone position are to be avoided.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As a consequence, it must be concluded that positioning a lesion above the level of the left atrium and also prone position are to be avoided.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Accepting the longer parenchymal path required for the biopsy of dorsal tumors in supine position might thus be safer with respect to the probability of an embolism.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Accepting the longer parenchymal path required for the biopsy of dorsal tumors in supine position might thus be safer with respect to the probability of an embolism.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "IPs have been recently proposed to be the dominant X-ray source population detected near the Galactic centre.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "IPs have been recently proposed to be the dominant X-ray source population detected near the Galactic centre [8] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF7" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[8]" ] }, { "text": "IPs also contribute significantly to the X-ray diffuse Galactic ridge emission.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "IPs also contribute significantly to the X-ray diffuse Galactic ridge emission [9] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF8" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[9]" ] }, { "text": "Moreover, most of the known CVs detected by INTEGRAL are IPs.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Moreover, most of the known CVs detected by INTEGRAL are IPs.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "The IPs are the most luminous and the hardest X-ray sources among accreting WDs.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The IPs are the most luminous and the hardest X-ray sources among accreting WDs.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In hard X-rays, these objects seem to be more luminous (up to the factor of 10) than polars.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In hard X-rays, these objects seem to be more luminous (up to the factor of 10) than polars [7] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[7]" ] }, { "text": "In the strongly magnetized (B ≥ 10 7 G) polar systems, cyclotron radiation is an important cooling mechanism, which suppresses the high temperature bremsstrahlung emission, whilst it should be negligible for the IPs.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the strongly magnetized (B ≥ 10 7 G) polar systems, cyclotron radiation is an important cooling mechanism, which suppresses the high temperature bremsstrahlung emission, whilst it should be negligible for the IPs.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This could explain why the majority of the CVs observed in the hard X-ray band are IPs.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This could explain why the majority of the CVs observed in the hard X-ray band are IPs.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "The aims of antifungal therapy are to prevent Aspergillus empyema and to prevent recurrence of CPA post-surgery, or at least progression, if residual disease remains.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The aims of antifungal therapy are to prevent Aspergillus empyema and to prevent recurrence of CPA post-surgery, or at least progression, if residual disease remains.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Discrete Aspergillus nodules or simple aspergillomas that are resectable without any spillage of aspergilloma contents into the pleural space probably do not require any antifungal therapy.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Discrete Aspergillus nodules or simple aspergillomas that are resectable without any spillage of aspergilloma contents into the pleural space probably do not require any antifungal therapy [26] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF26" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[26]" ] }, { "text": "If given, it was discontinued after surgery if a complete resection had been done.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "If given, it was discontinued after surgery if a complete resection had been done.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Adjuvant antifungal pharmacotherapy does not improve the results of surgical treatment for isolated pulmonary aspergillosis where a full curative resection has been carried out.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Adjuvant antifungal pharmacotherapy does not improve the results of surgical treatment for isolated pulmonary aspergillosis where a full curative resection has been carried out [26] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF26" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[26]" ] }, { "text": "In the event that such spillage occurs unexpectedly, then washout of the pleural space with either amphotericin B deoxycholate or taurolidine is a reasonable, if unproven, measure to prevent Aspergillus empyema.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the event that such spillage occurs unexpectedly, then washout of the pleural space with either amphotericin B deoxycholate or taurolidine is a reasonable, if unproven, measure to prevent Aspergillus empyema.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Aspergillus empyema is a difficult to treat entity, probably requiring long term antifungal therapy and may lead to pleural fibrosis and a significant restrictive pulmonary defect if only a lobectomy or wedge resection is done.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Aspergillus empyema is a difficult to treat entity, probably requiring long term antifungal therapy and may lead to pleural fibrosis and a significant restrictive pulmonary defect if only a lobectomy or wedge resection is done.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "The study indicated that participants found the tangible AR prototype innovative and exciting to use.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The study indicated that participants found the tangible AR prototype innovative and exciting to use.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Although the performance of the prototype was good in terms of hedonic measures and efficiency, further experiments with interaction designs should be made and compared to maximize the usability.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Although the performance of the prototype was good in terms of hedonic measures and efficiency, further experiments with interaction designs should be made and compared to maximize the usability.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The task completion times indicated, while for simple tasks such as selection, the non-ar prototype was significantly faster, their was no significance difference for more complex tasks such as rotation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The task completion times indicated, while for simple tasks such as selection, the non-ar prototype was significantly faster, their was no significance difference for more complex tasks such as rotation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This might be due to the fact, that in the non-AR prototype rotation can require multiple subsequent actions while in AR (theoretically) a single motion with the MarkerPen is sufficient.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This might be due to the fact, that in the non-AR prototype rotation can require multiple subsequent actions while in AR (theoretically) a single motion with the MarkerPen is sufficient.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Regarding selection tasks, a traditional approach should be considered if the user has a free hand available for interacting with the touch screen, as the selection using tap gestures is significantly more efficient and the users are accustomed to it.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Regarding selection tasks, a traditional approach should be considered if the user has a free hand available for interacting with the touch screen, as the selection using tap gestures is significantly more efficient and the users are accustomed to it.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "A design that allows selection on the touch screen as well as with the marker enriched device could also be a promising way to go, as then people who use a mounting can use their free hand for selection on the touch screen.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "A design that allows selection on the touch screen as well as with the marker enriched device could also be a promising way to go, as then people who use a mounting can use their free hand for selection on the touch screen.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "An interesting general finding was the lower correlation between the satisfaction with the time needed and the actual time passed for the AR prototype.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "An interesting general finding was the lower correlation between the satisfaction with the time needed and the actual time passed for the AR prototype.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This leads to the assumption, that the actually passed time is a less important factor in the AR version, which might be caused by the participants having more fun than with the non-AR prototype, as people tend to underestimate durations while having fun.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This leads to the assumption, that the actually passed time is a less important factor in the AR version, which might be caused by the participants having more fun than with the non-AR prototype, as people tend to underestimate durations while having fun [33] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF32" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[33]" ] }, { "text": "Another possible reason might be a different demand in concentration for both prototypes, which could also affect the time perception.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Another possible reason might be a different demand in concentration for both prototypes, which could also affect the time perception [19] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF18" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[19]" ] }, { "text": "However, the AR version also was perceived as more difficult compared to the non-AR prototype.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, the AR version also was perceived as more difficult compared to the non-AR prototype.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The reasons for those effects could be investigated in future research to gain further insights into perceived differences between both prototypes.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The reasons for those effects could be investigated in future research to gain further insights into perceived differences between both prototypes.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clinical syndrome of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clinical syndrome of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "It is broadly classified into type 1 and type 2 diabetes.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is broadly classified into type 1 and type 2 diabetes.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Long-standing diabetes can lead to permanent and irreversible functional changes and damage to cells of the body, thereby leading to various complications, which mainly result from biochemical, structural and functional abnormalities.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Long-standing diabetes can lead to permanent and irreversible functional changes and damage to cells of the body, thereby leading to various complications, which mainly result from biochemical, structural and functional abnormalities.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "A causal association between glycemic control and the development and progression of microvascular complications, i.e. (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) is well established.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "A causal association between glycemic control and the development and progression of microvascular complications, i.e. (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) is well established.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "By virtue of microvascular involvement, any system or organ can be affected, thus the skin is no exception.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "By virtue of microvascular involvement, any system or organ can be affected, thus the skin is no exception [2] [3] [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2", "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2] [3] [4]" ] } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "Design of a RDB system consists of four main phases, namely, (i) determination of user requirements, (ii) conceptual design, (ii) logical design, and finally, (iv) physical design.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Design of a RDB system consists of four main phases, namely, (i) determination of user requirements, (ii) conceptual design, (ii) logical design, and finally, (iv) physical design [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] }, { "text": "During the conceptual design phase, set of business rules is transformed into a set of entities with a set attributes and relationships among them.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "During the conceptual design phase, set of business rules is transformed into a set of entities with a set attributes and relationships among them.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Extended Entity Relationship (EER) modeling tool can be utilized for the graphical representation of this transformation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Extended Entity Relationship (EER) modeling tool can be utilized for the graphical representation of this transformation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The entity set in the EER model is then mapped into a set of relation schemas {R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , ..., R n } where each R i represents one of the relations of the DB schema.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The entity set in the EER model is then mapped into a set of relation schemas {R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , ..., R n } where each R i represents one of the relations of the DB schema.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "A temporary primary key is designated, and a set of functional dependencies (FD's) among the attributes of each schema are established as an outcome of this phase.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "A temporary primary key is designated, and a set of functional dependencies (FD's) among the attributes of each schema are established as an outcome of this phase.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "Long-span bridges have become more constructed since the market rapidly grew up from the late 1990s.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Long-span bridges have become more constructed since the market rapidly grew up from the late 1990s.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "During the construction of long-span bridges, various measurements such as acceleration, displacement, and tilt angle are performed to certify the safety of the constructions in stages.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "During the construction of long-span bridges, various measurements such as acceleration, displacement, and tilt angle are performed to certify the safety of the constructions in stages.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Among them, the tensile force on the cable of bridge is of the most importance since it reflects the overall structural stability of bridge under construction.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Among them, the tensile force on the cable of bridge is of the most importance since it reflects the overall structural stability of bridge under construction.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Therefore, the measurement for tensile force on cable is required to be precisely measured and calculated for structural integrity when the construction is complete.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, the measurement for tensile force on cable is required to be precisely measured and calculated for structural integrity when the construction is complete [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "However, it is difficult to predict the structural displacements and the cable forces by erection simulation analysis because cable-stayed bridge has the characteristics of a slender, flexible, and nonlinear behavior.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, it is difficult to predict the structural displacements and the cable forces by erection simulation analysis because cable-stayed bridge has the characteristics of a slender, flexible, and nonlinear behavior.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The cable forces have to be adjusted for the reduction of estimation errors in section modulus, dead load, fabrication, and installation during the construction and also for structural integrity when the construction is complete.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The cable forces have to be adjusted for the reduction of estimation errors in section modulus, dead load, fabrication, and installation during the construction and also for structural integrity when the construction is complete [2, 3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2, 3]" ] } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "Generally, species establishment from the seed mix was low in both types of plots.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Generally, species establishment from the seed mix was low in both types of plots.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We used a seed mix with a high proportion of grasses which may have outcompeted forb seedlings in the establishing plantings.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "We used a seed mix with a high proportion of grasses which may have outcompeted forb seedlings in the establishing plantings (Packard & Mutel 1997) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF33" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Packard & Mutel 1997)" ] }, { "text": "However, increasing the percentage of forbs did not result in an increase in species richness in an additional seeding treatment in this study (Larson, unpublished data) .", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, increasing the percentage of forbs did not result in an increase in species richness in an additional seeding treatment in this study (Larson, unpublished data) .", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Other factors that could affect species establishment equally between planting types include season of planting (fall versus spring) and seed predation.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Other factors that could affect species establishment equally between planting types include season of planting (fall versus spring) and seed predation (Packard & Mutel 1997; Wilson 2002) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF33", "BIBREF49" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Packard & Mutel 1997; Wilson 2002)" ] }, { "text": "Future studies need to control for such factors that limit overall establishment to test the role that changing distances among neighboring seeds, while maintaining overall density, plays in establishing grasslands.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Future studies need to control for such factors that limit overall establishment to test the role that changing distances among neighboring seeds, while maintaining overall density, plays in establishing grasslands.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "From 2007 to 2010, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia (IPC), a research agency, conducted a large study on pneumonia which included more than 4,000 patients of all ages.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "From 2007 to 2010, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia (IPC), a research agency, conducted a large study on pneumonia which included more than 4,000 patients of all ages [6, 7] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5", "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[6, 7]" ] }, { "text": "This study describes the epidemiology of most acute lower respiratory infections treated in two major provincial hospitals.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This study describes the epidemiology of most acute lower respiratory infections treated in two major provincial hospitals [6] [7] [8] [9] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5", "BIBREF6", "BIBREF7", "BIBREF8" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[6] [7] [8] [9]" ] }, { "text": "Study findings were disseminated via various media targeting various audiences.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Study findings were disseminated via various media targeting various audiences.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, in 2011, one year after the end of this study, those study findings were neither available to the Cambodian Ministry of Health (MoH) nor to the Cambodian physician in an easily accessible format.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, in 2011, one year after the end of this study, those study findings were neither available to the Cambodian Ministry of Health (MoH) nor to the Cambodian physician in an easily accessible format.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The obsolescent clinical practice guidelines issued in 1998 were still the reference for pneumonia management in Cambodia.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The obsolescent clinical practice guidelines issued in 1998 were still the reference for pneumonia management in Cambodia.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "In this paper, we propose a non-iterative reconstruction method for EIT problem which can be exact if the measurement is noiseless.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this paper, we propose a non-iterative reconstruction method for EIT problem which can be exact if the measurement is noiseless.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The algorithm exploits the joint sparsity of the induced current source on the anomaly for different current injection directions.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The algorithm exploits the joint sparsity of the induced current source on the anomaly for different current injection directions.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The joint-sparse recovery method comes from the compressed sensing theory which deals with the under-determined linear problem to recover sparse signals that share common non-zero support.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The joint-sparse recovery method comes from the compressed sensing theory which deals with the under-determined linear problem to recover sparse signals that share common non-zero support [11, 26] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF10", "BIBREF25" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[11, 26]" ] } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "The difference of resistance to insecticides has been found in the development period in a certain instar of B. mori.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The difference of resistance to insecticides has been found in the development period in a certain instar of B. mori (Ma et al., 2005) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF9" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Ma et al., 2005)" ] }, { "text": "There is no linear relationship between the difference of resistance to OP and body height of B. mori.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "There is no linear relationship between the difference of resistance to OP and body height of B. mori.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It may be due to the increase in the detoxification enzymes, generally attributed to be found in the microsomes.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "It may be due to the increase in the detoxification enzymes, generally attributed to be found in the microsomes (Kattera, 1972) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Kattera, 1972)" ] }, { "text": "In the natural environment, the development proceeding of B. mandarina is quite different.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In the natural environment, the development proceeding of B. mandarina is quite different (Shen et al., 2003) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF19" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Shen et al., 2003)" ] }, { "text": "The insects can avoid the harm from insecticides when they are in the molting stage.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The insects can avoid the harm from insecticides when they are in the molting stage.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Hence, directly investigating the insecticide resistance of the insects in field is not suitable.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Hence, directly investigating the insecticide resistance of the insects in field is not suitable.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In this study, the larvae of B. mandarina were cultured to keep them consistent in development, avoiding the error of analyzing the data obtained from larvae grew in the field.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this study, the larvae of B. mandarina were cultured to keep them consistent in development, avoiding the error of analyzing the data obtained from larvae grew in the field.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The results indicate that the insecticide resistance of B. mandarina from each larval stage is significantly stronger than that of B. mori, particularly in the older larvae (Figure 1 ).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The results indicate that the insecticide resistance of B. mandarina from each larval stage is significantly stronger than that of B. mori, particularly in the older larvae (Figure 1 ).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This might be a reason why insecticide poisoning of B. mori often occur while B. mandarina remains unaffected.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This might be a reason why insecticide poisoning of B. mori often occur while B. mandarina remains unaffected.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Alteration of AChE has been considered as one of the several resistance mechanisms to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in many insect species.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Alteration of AChE has been considered as one of the several resistance mechanisms to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in many insect species (Soderlund et al., 1990) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF20" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Soderlund et al., 1990)" ] }, { "text": "In resistant strains with altered AChE, the reduced sensitivity of AChE to active inhibitors appears to have resulted from the reduced affinity of the enzyme to the inhibitor molecule rather than from the lowered rate constant for acylation.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In resistant strains with altered AChE, the reduced sensitivity of AChE to active inhibitors appears to have resulted from the reduced affinity of the enzyme to the inhibitor molecule rather than from the lowered rate constant for acylation (Oppenoorth, 1985) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF13" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Oppenoorth, 1985)" ] }, { "text": "It means that the inhibition of altered AChE could be analyzed in vitro through the conventional biochemical experiments with suitable AChE inhibitors.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It means that the inhibition of altered AChE could be analyzed in vitro through the conventional biochemical experiments with suitable AChE inhibitors.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In this study, eserine is chosen as an AChEs inhibitor, and the sensitivity of other AChEs inhibitors remains to be further studied.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this study, eserine is chosen as an AChEs inhibitor, and the sensitivity of other AChEs inhibitors remains to be further studied.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "Research on the dynamic modelling and control of flexible manipulators has received increased attention due to their several advantages over rigid robots: they require less material, are lighter in weight, consume less power, require smaller actuators, are more manoeuvrable and transportable, have less overall cost and higher payload to robot weight ratio.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Research on the dynamic modelling and control of flexible manipulators has received increased attention due to their several advantages over rigid robots: they require less material, are lighter in weight, consume less power, require smaller actuators, are more manoeuvrable and transportable, have less overall cost and higher payload to robot weight ratio.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "These types of robots are used in a wide spectrum of applications starting from simple pick and place operations of an industrial robot to micro-surgery, maintenance of nuclear plants and space robotics.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "These types of robots are used in a wide spectrum of applications starting from simple pick and place operations of an industrial robot to micro-surgery, maintenance of nuclear plants and space robotics [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "However, control of flexible manipulators to maintain accurate positioning is an extremely challenging.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, control of flexible manipulators to maintain accurate positioning is an extremely challenging.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The complexity of the problem increases dramatically for a two-link flexible manipulator.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The complexity of the problem increases dramatically for a two-link flexible manipulator.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Due to the flexible nature of the system, the dynamics are highly non-linear and complex.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Due to the flexible nature of the system, the dynamics are highly non-linear and complex [2, 3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2, 3]" ] }, { "text": "In this respect, a control mechanism that accounts for both the rigid body and flexural motions of the system is required.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this respect, a control mechanism that accounts for both the rigid body and flexural motions of the system is required.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Moreover, the complexity of this problem increases when a flexible manipulator carries a payload.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Moreover, the complexity of this problem increases when a flexible manipulator carries a payload.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "If the advantages associated with lightness are not to be sacrificed, accurate models and efficient controllers have to be developed.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "If the advantages associated with lightness are not to be sacrificed, accurate models and efficient controllers have to be developed.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "AMM looks at obtaining approximate models by solving the partial differential equation characterising the dynamic behaviour of the system.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "AMM looks at obtaining approximate models by solving the partial differential equation characterising the dynamic behaviour of the system.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Previous studies utilising this approach for modelling of a single-link flexible manipulator have been reported.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Previous studies utilising this approach for modelling of a single-link flexible manipulator have been reported [2, 7, 8] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1", "BIBREF6", "BIBREF7" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2, 7, 8]" ] }, { "text": "It has been shown that the first two modes are sufficient to identify the dynamic of flexible manipulators.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It has been shown that the first two modes are sufficient to identify the dynamic of flexible manipulators.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "A good agreement between theory and experiments has also been achieved utilising this approach.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "A good agreement between theory and experiments has also been achieved utilising this approach [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "Production of synthesis gas from natural gas and Fisher-Tropsch synthesis from the synthesis gas have become very important in the chemical industry for reasons related to the soaring petroleum price, depletion of oil reserves, and environmental problems with exhaust gases.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Production of synthesis gas from natural gas and Fisher-Tropsch synthesis from the synthesis gas have become very important in the chemical industry for reasons related to the soaring petroleum price, depletion of oil reserves, and environmental problems with exhaust gases [1] [2] [3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0", "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1] [2] [3]" ] }, { "text": "Steam reforming of methane and other hydrocarbons has been an extremely important process for the production of synthesis gas.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Steam reforming of methane and other hydrocarbons has been an extremely important process for the production of synthesis gas [4] [5] [6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4", "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4] [5] [6]" ] }, { "text": "Steam reforming is the conventional method to produce synthesis gas from natural gas and is utilized on the industrial scale, which is highly endothermic reaction as indicated below (Equation (1)).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Steam reforming is the conventional method to produce synthesis gas from natural gas and is utilized on the industrial scale, which is highly endothermic reaction as indicated below (Equation (1)).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "This article uses data from a study whose main purpose was to examine work-related travel in Sweden and its possible implications for frequent travelers.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This article uses data from a study whose main purpose was to examine work-related travel in Sweden and its possible implications for frequent travelers (Gustafson, 2007) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF23" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Gustafson, 2007)" ] }, { "text": "Data were gathered in 2005, partly through the regular labor force surveys carried out by Statistics Sweden (a combination of telephone interviews and register data), and partly through a mail questionnaire, also administered by Statistics Sweden.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Data were gathered in 2005, partly through the regular labor force surveys carried out by Statistics Sweden (a combination of telephone interviews and register data), and partly through a mail questionnaire, also administered by Statistics Sweden.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The population under study was the Swedish working population aged 16-64 years.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The population under study was the Swedish working population aged 16-64 years.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "This pattern raises questions about causality-to what extent can different forms of mobility explain the respondents' sense of belonging on different territorial levels?", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This pattern raises questions about causality-to what extent can different forms of mobility explain the respondents' sense of belonging on different territorial levels?", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The literature on place attachment and territorial belonging often suggests that time spent in a place increases the degree of attachment or belonging to that place.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The literature on place attachment and territorial belonging often suggests that time spent in a place increases the degree of attachment or belonging to that place (Hay, 1998; Lewicka, 2005; Putnam, 2000) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF25", "BIBREF35", "BIBREF41" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Hay, 1998; Lewicka, 2005; Putnam, 2000)" ] }, { "text": "The measures of mobility used here often gave an indication as to how much time the respondents spent in places of different scalecommuting time and domestic travel reduced the time spent in the hometown or neighborhood, international travel increased the time spent in other countries, and so forth.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The measures of mobility used here often gave an indication as to how much time the respondents spent in places of different scalecommuting time and domestic travel reduced the time spent in the hometown or neighborhood, international travel increased the time spent in other countries, and so forth.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Most of the associations found in the analysis could indeed be interpreted along such a temporal dimension.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Most of the associations found in the analysis could indeed be interpreted along such a temporal dimension.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, the present research design does not allow definite statements about causality.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, the present research design does not allow definite statements about causality.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Mobility may certainly influence people's territorial belonging but, conversely, their sense of belonging may also influence their willingness to travel or migrate.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Mobility may certainly influence people's territorial belonging but, conversely, their sense of belonging may also influence their willingness to travel or migrate.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In this respect, the cross-sectional design was a limitation and the analyses presented here were mainly descriptive and explorative.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this respect, the cross-sectional design was a limitation and the analyses presented here were mainly descriptive and explorative.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "As for international migration, persons who were born abroad were less likely than native Swedes to have strong local, regional, or national belonging, whereas native Swedes who had lived abroad for some time did not differ in these respects from persons who had lived their whole lives in Sweden.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As for international migration, persons who were born abroad were less likely than native Swedes to have strong local, regional, or national belonging, whereas native Swedes who had lived abroad for some time did not differ in these respects from persons who had lived their whole lives in Sweden.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "These findings may be interpreted in the light of research on international migration, which suggests that migrants often maintain bonds (local, regional, and national) with their former home countries-bonds that may be revived if the migrants return after some time-whereas incorporation into a new home country is often a lengthy process.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "These findings may be interpreted in the light of research on international migration, which suggests that migrants often maintain bonds (local, regional, and national) with their former home countries-bonds that may be revived if the migrants return after some time-whereas incorporation into a new home country is often a lengthy process (Castles & Miller, 1998; Faist, 2000) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF9", "BIBREF12" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Castles & Miller, 1998; Faist, 2000)" ] }, { "text": "Both immigration and temporary residence abroad were, however, associated with a stronger sense of belonging to Europe (although in the latter case only in the analysis that included the \"do not know/not relevant\" category).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Both immigration and temporary residence abroad were, however, associated with a stronger sense of belonging to Europe (although in the latter case only in the analysis that included the \"do not know/not relevant\" category).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "The latter point, about different territorial levels, indicates that the relationship between mobility and belonging is more complex than many writers acknowledge.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The latter point, about different territorial levels, indicates that the relationship between mobility and belonging is more complex than many writers acknowledge.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Even though in the present study there were generally positive relationships between senses of belonging on different territorial levels, the analyses also indicate that some forms of mobility may at the same time weaken local bonds and reinforce people's sense of belonging to larger territorial units.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Even though in the present study there were generally positive relationships between senses of belonging on different territorial levels, the analyses also indicate that some forms of mobility may at the same time weaken local bonds and reinforce people's sense of belonging to larger territorial units.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Conversely, if little or no mobility fosters local bonds and local community life, it may also limit the opportunities for participation and identification in larger communities.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Conversely, if little or no mobility fosters local bonds and local community life, it may also limit the opportunities for participation and identification in larger communities (Fried, 2000) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF15" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Fried, 2000)" ] }, { "text": "In academic discussions, it is often thought that territorial belonging is associated with individual well-being as well as with community involvement and social cohesion.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In academic discussions, it is often thought that territorial belonging is associated with individual well-being as well as with community involvement and social cohesion.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The present study suggests that in a mobile society, such discussions need to pay more attention to the question of territorial scale.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The present study suggests that in a mobile society, such discussions need to pay more attention to the question of territorial scale.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "Arsenic is a common element found in naturally contaminated groundwater and surface water in many countries.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Arsenic is a common element found in naturally contaminated groundwater and surface water in many countries [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "It is one of the most dangerous pollutants, owing to the toxicity, odorlessness, and nearly tastelessness.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "It is one of the most dangerous pollutants, owing to the toxicity, odorlessness, and nearly tastelessness [2] [3] [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2", "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2] [3] [4]" ] }, { "text": "The chronic and acute poisoning of As is related positively to the exposure to elevated concentrations, threatening groundwater safety, agriculture irrigation, and aquatic ecosystems.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The chronic and acute poisoning of As is related positively to the exposure to elevated concentrations, threatening groundwater safety, agriculture irrigation, and aquatic ecosystems [5, 6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4", "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[5, 6]" ] } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "In the natural environment, arsenic exists in different oxidation states and various forms, for example, +V (arsenate), +III (arsenite), 0 (arsenic), and −III (arsine).", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In the natural environment, arsenic exists in different oxidation states and various forms, for example, +V (arsenate), +III (arsenite), 0 (arsenic), and −III (arsine) [7] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[7]" ] }, { "text": "It has been determined that the arsenic toxicity depended on the speciation.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "It has been determined that the arsenic toxicity depended on the speciation [8] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF7" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[8]" ] }, { "text": "Generally, inorganic arsenic species are more toxic than organic ones, while, among the inorganic arsenic species, arsenite (As (III)) is usually more toxic than arsenate (As (V)).", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Generally, inorganic arsenic species are more toxic than organic ones, while, among the inorganic arsenic species, arsenite (As (III)) is usually more toxic than arsenate (As (V)) [9] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF8" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[9]" ] }, { "text": "Since As (III) species show greater mobility than those of As (V), they are more harmful to human health.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Since As (III) species show greater mobility than those of As (V), they are more harmful to human health [10, 11] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF9", "BIBREF10" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[10, 11]" ] }, { "text": "Considering the high toxicity, the World Health Organization (WHO) has decreased the maximum contaminant level of arsenic in drinking water from 50 to 10 g/L.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Considering the high toxicity, the World Health Organization (WHO) has decreased the maximum contaminant level of arsenic in drinking water from 50 to 10 g/L [12] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF11" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[12]" ] } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "Se status has been measured by a variety of biochemical indicators, with none universally preferred.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Se status has been measured by a variety of biochemical indicators, with none universally preferred (Nève, 2000) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF18" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Nève, 2000)" ] }, { "text": "Most surveys of human populations have measured either plasma, serum or red blood cell (RBC) Se concentration, the latter being considered a longer term indicator in relation to variations in dietary Se intake.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Most surveys of human populations have measured either plasma, serum or red blood cell (RBC) Se concentration, the latter being considered a longer term indicator in relation to variations in dietary Se intake.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Another favoured index is the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a selenoenzyme which can be measured either in blood cells or plasma.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Another favoured index is the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a selenoenzyme which can be measured either in blood cells or plasma.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It has the potential to reflect functional Se adequacy, reaching a plateau at moderate Se intakes.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "It has the potential to reflect functional Se adequacy, reaching a plateau at moderate Se intakes (Whanger, 1998; Arthur, 1999; Nève, 2000) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF32", "BIBREF1", "BIBREF18" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Whanger, 1998; Arthur, 1999; Nève, 2000)" ] } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "In this study, we did not include the duration of symptoms, which is required for diagnosing FD by the Rome criteria; the definition of FD in this study was not equal to the Rome criteria as described above.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this study, we did not include the duration of symptoms, which is required for diagnosing FD by the Rome criteria; the definition of FD in this study was not equal to the Rome criteria as described above.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We considered FD to be a disease in patients who complained of upper abdominal symptoms without any organic diseases that could explain the symptoms.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We considered FD to be a disease in patients who complained of upper abdominal symptoms without any organic diseases that could explain the symptoms.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In this case, the duration of symptoms should not necessarily be included.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this case, the duration of symptoms should not necessarily be included.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In fact, although a number of studies have examined the prevalence of FD so far, the duration of symptoms analyzed is distributed widely, as described above.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In fact, although a number of studies have examined the prevalence of FD so far, the duration of symptoms analyzed is distributed widely, as described above [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF17", "BIBREF18", "BIBREF19", "BIBREF20", "BIBREF21" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[17] [18] [19] [20] [21]" ] }, { "text": "Therefore, we did not include the duration of symptoms in this study.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, we did not include the duration of symptoms in this study.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "Does alcohol consumption affect drug use?", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Does alcohol consumption affect drug use (Deza 2015) ?", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF8" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Deza 2015)" ] }, { "text": "In some policy settings, like the one considered below, there exists a set of mutually exclusive (discrete and unordered) outcomes that can be affected by the policy.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In some policy settings, like the one considered below, there exists a set of mutually exclusive (discrete and unordered) outcomes that can be affected by the policy.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Health care services in South Africa are provided by both the private and public sectors, and, therefore, ill children can receive professional health care in either the public or the private sector, or not receive any professional care at all (home care).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Health care services in South Africa are provided by both the private and public sectors, and, therefore, ill children can receive professional health care in either the public or the private sector, or not receive any professional care at all (home care).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Importantly, a policy intervention affecting access to the public sector will influence the relative price of access to the private sector and home care.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Importantly, a policy intervention affecting access to the public sector will influence the relative price of access to the private sector and home care.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In other words, any public sector impact must be offset across the remaining outcomes, and this feature (constraint) ought to be incorporated into the subsequent analysis.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In other words, any public sector impact must be offset across the remaining outcomes, and this feature (constraint) ought to be incorporated into the subsequent analysis.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "Applications can store the data on-premise when the information is not needed to be changed, such as e-dictionaries, which implies that the wireless networks are not required if the source is stored locally.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Applications can store the data on-premise when the information is not needed to be changed, such as e-dictionaries, which implies that the wireless networks are not required if the source is stored locally.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "A middleware who can temporarily or permanently store the resource is an optional method when the resources are migrated to the clouds.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "A middleware who can temporarily or permanently store the resource is an optional method when the resources are migrated to the clouds [17, 21, 22] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF17", "BIBREF21", "BIBREF22" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[17, 21, 22]" ] }, { "text": "Using a middleware-based model has a potential to solve the problems we mentioned before.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Using a middleware-based model has a potential to solve the problems we mentioned before.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, apps implementing HWK model must download all pages when apps needs to update the details of the information, even though most page information is already stored in mobile devices.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, apps implementing HWK model must download all pages when apps needs to update the details of the information, even though most page information is already stored in mobile devices.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This results in a longer execution time and unnecessary network traffics.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This results in a longer execution time and unnecessary network traffics.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Therefore, implementing HWK model usually needs extra execution time and can cause heavy networking traffics.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, implementing HWK model usually needs extra execution time and can cause heavy networking traffics.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Users have to download extra contents due to the workload of data updates.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Users have to download extra contents due to the workload of data updates.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "With the rapid development of the mobile technologies, mobile applications have been broadly used in multiple domains.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "With the rapid development of the mobile technologies, mobile applications have been broadly used in multiple domains.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The implementations of the mobile apps have brought mobile users a variety of benefits, such as entertainments, communications, and personal information management.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The implementations of the mobile apps have brought mobile users a variety of benefits, such as entertainments, communications, and personal information management.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Mobile devices have become a platform supporting mobile apps and wireless communications.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Mobile devices have become a platform supporting mobile apps and wireless communications [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "The high-performance of wireless networks are also beneficial for the expansion of the mobile apps, such as distributed computing and mobile cloud computing.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The high-performance of wireless networks are also beneficial for the expansion of the mobile apps, such as distributed computing and mobile cloud computing [2, 3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2, 3]" ] }, { "text": "The openness of Android systems brings a higher-level flexibility for implementing multiple wireless technologies.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The openness of Android systems brings a higher-level flexibility for implementing multiple wireless technologies [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4]" ] }, { "text": "However, current Android apps are facing a great challenge in efficiency and fast response to the user demands due to the inefficient execution models.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "However, current Android apps are facing a great challenge in efficiency and fast response to the user demands due to the inefficient execution models [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[5]" ] }, { "text": "This paper addresses this issue and proposes a novel approach for high performance Android systems by using pre-cache technologies.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This paper addresses this issue and proposes a novel approach for high performance Android systems by using pre-cache technologies.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "Moreover, given the static character of the CGE model, financial resilience (whole or partial funding of reconstruction by disaster funds and insurance) is not considered in this analysis.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Moreover, given the static character of the CGE model, financial resilience (whole or partial funding of reconstruction by disaster funds and insurance) is not considered in this analysis.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This gap leaves open the possibility that losses that are incurred in sectors and locations where nonfinancial resilience options are limited (e.g., marinas and small harbors) may be compensated by gains from reconstruction and related activities, similar to the findings of a dynamic CGE analysis of the ARkStorm scenario.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This gap leaves open the possibility that losses that are incurred in sectors and locations where nonfinancial resilience options are limited (e.g., marinas and small harbors) may be compensated by gains from reconstruction and related activities, similar to the findings of a dynamic CGE analysis of the ARkStorm scenario (Sue Wing et al. 2015) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF32" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Sue Wing et al. 2015)" ] }, { "text": "Such outcomes are consistent with anecdotal evidence gleaned through interviews.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Such outcomes are consistent with anecdotal evidence gleaned through interviews (Brosnan et al. 2014) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Brosnan et al. 2014)" ] }, { "text": "For example, the harbormaster of Crescent City reported city businesses profiting after the impacts of the 2004 and 2011 tsunamis.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "For example, the harbormaster of Crescent City reported city businesses profiting after the impacts of the 2004 and 2011 tsunamis.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Also, delays in FEMA reimbursements have impeded Crescent City's recovery, and streamlining the process presents an opportunity to increase resilience.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Also, delays in FEMA reimbursements have impeded Crescent City's recovery, and streamlining the process presents an opportunity to increase resilience.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "Some resilience adjustments have not been modeled because of data limitations.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Some resilience adjustments have not been modeled because of data limitations.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "For example, the availability of underutilized slips and temporary moorings in marinas along the coast is unknown.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "For example, the availability of underutilized slips and temporary moorings in marinas along the coast is unknown.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "After the 2011 Japanese Tsunami, Crescent City boats were redirected to Eureka and some boat owners in Crescent City moored on buoys and rowed out to their boats due to fierce competition for available slips.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "After the 2011 Japanese Tsunami, Crescent City boats were redirected to Eureka and some boat owners in Crescent City moored on buoys and rowed out to their boats due to fierce competition for available slips (Brosnan et al. 2014) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Brosnan et al. 2014)" ] }, { "text": "The full services of a slip (with power and water) may not be provided, but some of the marina-related activities could continue.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The full services of a slip (with power and water) may not be provided, but some of the marina-related activities could continue.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Although recapture resilience measures are applied to the direct property damage, HAZUS' tsunami module was incomplete with respect to business relocation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Although recapture resilience measures are applied to the direct property damage, HAZUS' tsunami module was incomplete with respect to business relocation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "Many researchers have been studying about the flavor of dairy products especially cheese for a long time.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Many researchers have been studying about the flavor of dairy products especially cheese for a long time.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Flavor development of cheese is conditional upon various biochemical changes of the product including lipolysis, proteolysis, lactose fermentation and formation of volatile compounds.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Flavor development of cheese is conditional upon various biochemical changes of the product including lipolysis, proteolysis, lactose fermentation and formation of volatile compounds.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "So, aroma compounds of different cheese varieties occur and cheese has special characteristics during maturation according to milk type, rennet properties, manufacturing process and ripening conditions and additives such as spices (mint, nigella sativa, chili pepper) and different herbs.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "So, aroma compounds of different cheese varieties occur and cheese has special characteristics during maturation according to milk type, rennet properties, manufacturing process and ripening conditions and additives such as spices (mint, nigella sativa, chili pepper) and different herbs.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The environment conditions play an important role in cheese maturation and affect taste and odour of cheese.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The environment conditions play an important role in cheese maturation and affect taste and odour of cheese.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Many researches show that volatiles in cheese are more than 600 compounds.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Many researches show that volatiles in cheese are more than 600 compounds [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4]" ] }, { "text": "The first stage of cheese flavor is the formation of amino acids, free fatty acids, lactic acid by degradation of protein, fat and lactose by many microorganism and its enzymes.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The first stage of cheese flavor is the formation of amino acids, free fatty acids, lactic acid by degradation of protein, fat and lactose by many microorganism and its enzymes [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[5]" ] } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "This paper looks at education policy, and its framing within the devolved polity of the UK (in this case England and Scotland only 1 ).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This paper looks at education policy, and its framing within the devolved polity of the UK (in this case England and Scotland only 1 ).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The discussion is placed within the wider framework of Europeanisation of education, which itself co-exists within an increasingly global education policy field.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The discussion is placed within the wider framework of Europeanisation of education, which itself co-exists within an increasingly global education policy field (Ozga and Lingard 2007) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF46" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Ozga and Lingard 2007)" ] }, { "text": "We engage here with two sets of dominant assumptions in the academic literature on education policy.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We engage here with two sets of dominant assumptions in the academic literature on education policy.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The first is that the global, transnational agenda of education policymaking is of greater significance and has more impact than does the European Education Policy Space (EEPS).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The first is that the global, transnational agenda of education policymaking is of greater significance and has more impact than does the European Education Policy Space (EEPS).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We suggest that the significance of EEPS is often obscured by ideas about policy that relate to subsidiarity and formal law making, and by its modes of operation through networks, negotiations and benchmarking.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We suggest that the significance of EEPS is often obscured by ideas about policy that relate to subsidiarity and formal law making, and by its modes of operation through networks, negotiations and benchmarking.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBP) is one of the key enzymes in glucose metabolism.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBP) is one of the key enzymes in glucose metabolism.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate, and exists as two isoenzymes in mammals: FBP1 and FBP2.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate, and exists as two isoenzymes in mammals: FBP1 and FBP2 [7] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[7]" ] }, { "text": "FBP2 participates in glycogen synthesis from carbohydrate precursors.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "FBP2 participates in glycogen synthesis from carbohydrate precursors.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It negatively regulates cell growth, and inhibits carcinogenesis of GC.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "It negatively regulates cell growth, and inhibits carcinogenesis of GC [7] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[7]" ] }, { "text": "FBP1 acts as a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis and it has been validated as a strong tumor suppressor in renal cancer and basallike breast cancer.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "FBP1 acts as a rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis and it has been validated as a strong tumor suppressor in renal cancer and basallike breast cancer [11] [12] [13] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF10", "BIBREF11", "BIBREF12" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[11] [12] [13]" ] }, { "text": "However, the role of FBP1 in GC has not been studied.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, the role of FBP1 in GC has not been studied.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "Despite the intense progress achieved in GC diagnosis and therapy, the dismal prognosis has not substantially improved.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Despite the intense progress achieved in GC diagnosis and therapy, the dismal prognosis has not substantially improved.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Thus, the molecular characterization of GC progression and the identification of effective therapeutic target would be urgently needed to improve patients' prognosis.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Thus, the molecular characterization of GC progression and the identification of effective therapeutic target would be urgently needed to improve patients' prognosis.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Recently, great attention has been focused on metabolic reprogramming as a driver of cancer progression.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Recently, great attention has been focused on metabolic reprogramming as a driver of cancer progression.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Indeed, metabolic reprogramming now has emerged as one of the hallmarks of cancer, and has been verified linked to cancer cell growth.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Indeed, metabolic reprogramming now has emerged as one of the hallmarks of cancer, and has been verified linked to cancer cell growth [5, 17, 18] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4", "BIBREF16", "BIBREF17" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[5, 17, 18]" ] }, { "text": "To be noted, reprogrammed glucose metabolism not only produces abundant ATP but also provides biosynthetic precursors that subsequently are used as cellular building blocks to fuel the uncontrolled proliferation.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "To be noted, reprogrammed glucose metabolism not only produces abundant ATP but also provides biosynthetic precursors that subsequently are used as cellular building blocks to fuel the uncontrolled proliferation [18] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF17" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[18]" ] }, { "text": "Altered glucose metabolism is widespread in various cancer cells and is characterized by the increased uptake of glucose, a high rate of glycolysis, enhanced production of lactate, and activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), as well as by deregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Altered glucose metabolism is widespread in various cancer cells and is characterized by the increased uptake of glucose, a high rate of glycolysis, enhanced production of lactate, and activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), as well as by deregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation [9, 18, 19] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF8", "BIBREF17", "BIBREF18" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[9, 18, 19]" ] }, { "text": "Recent studies have provided evidence that some glycolytic enzymes are more complicated, multifaceted proteins rather than simple components of the glycolytic pathway.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Recent studies have provided evidence that some glycolytic enzymes are more complicated, multifaceted proteins rather than simple components of the glycolytic pathway.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "These glycolytic enzymes have acquired additional non-glycolytic functions in transcriptional regulation.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "These glycolytic enzymes have acquired additional non-glycolytic functions in transcriptional regulation [20] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF19" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[20]" ] }, { "text": "For example, MBP-1, which is an alternative splicing form of ENO1, can transcriptionally represses MYC.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "For example, MBP-1, which is an alternative splicing form of ENO1, can transcriptionally represses MYC [21, 22] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF20", "BIBREF21" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[21, 22]" ] }, { "text": "Hexokinase can inhibit apoptosis by modulating Bax, Bak and Bad.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Hexokinase can inhibit apoptosis by modulating Bax, Bak and Bad [23, 24] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF22", "BIBREF23" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[23, 24]" ] }, { "text": "The existence of multifaceted roles of glycolytic proteins suggests that links between metabolic sensors and transcription are established directly through enzymes that participate in metabolism.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The existence of multifaceted roles of glycolytic proteins suggests that links between metabolic sensors and transcription are established directly through enzymes that participate in metabolism [20] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF19" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[20]" ] } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "The variational problem set in (1.2) appears in the mathematical formulation of a great variety of models: jet flows, cavity problems, Bernoulli problems, free transmission problems, optimal designs, just to cite few.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The variational problem set in (1.2) appears in the mathematical formulation of a great variety of models: jet flows, cavity problems, Bernoulli problems, free transmission problems, optimal designs, just to cite few.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Its mathematical treatment has been extensively developed since the epic marking work of Alt and Caffarelli.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Its mathematical treatment has been extensively developed since the epic marking work of Alt and Caffarelli [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "The program for studying minimization problems for discontinuous functionals of the form (1.2) is nowadays well established in the literature.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The program for studying minimization problems for discontinuous functionals of the form (1.2) is nowadays well established in the literature.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Existence of minimizer follows by classical considerations.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Existence of minimizer follows by classical considerations.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Any minimum is nonnegative provided the boundary data is nonnegative.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Any minimum is nonnegative provided the boundary data is nonnegative.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Minimizers satisfy, in the distributional sense, the Euler-Lagrange equation (1.3) div(a i j (X)∇u) = µ, where µ is a measure supported along the free boundary.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Minimizers satisfy, in the distributional sense, the Euler-Lagrange equation (1.3) div(a i j (X)∇u) = µ, where µ is a measure supported along the free boundary.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In particular a minimum of the functional F is a-harmonic within its positive set, i.e., div(a i j (X)∇u) = 0, in {u > 0} ∩ Ω.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In particular a minimum of the functional F is a-harmonic within its positive set, i.e., div(a i j (X)∇u) = 0, in {u > 0} ∩ Ω.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "How and what an infant is fed during the first year of life is fundamentally important to the prevention of childhood obesity.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "How and what an infant is fed during the first year of life is fundamentally important to the prevention of childhood obesity [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "Whether an infant is breastfed, formula fed or mixed fed with both breast milk and infant formula (herein called formula) may affect their risk of developing obesity later in life.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Whether an infant is breastfed, formula fed or mixed fed with both breast milk and infant formula (herein called formula) may affect their risk of developing obesity later in life.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Many studies have found breastfeeding can reduce the risk of developing obesity later in life.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Many studies have found breastfeeding can reduce the risk of developing obesity later in life [2] [3] [4] [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2", "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2] [3] [4] [5]" ] }, { "text": "However, evidence for this association remains equivocal.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, evidence for this association remains equivocal.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This may reflect study definitions and design -for example some studies have not addressed important confounding variables or have used varied definitions of the duration or exclusivity of breastfeeding.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This may reflect study definitions and design -for example some studies have not addressed important confounding variables or have used varied definitions of the duration or exclusivity of breastfeeding.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It may be that the impact of breastfeeding on weight is less obvious when infants mix fed with breast and formula milk are classified as 'breastfed'.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It may be that the impact of breastfeeding on weight is less obvious when infants mix fed with breast and formula milk are classified as 'breastfed'.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Another consideration is how the type of milk feeding may influence infant weight gain.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Another consideration is how the type of milk feeding may influence infant weight gain.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Infants who experience excess or rapid weight gain in infancy are more likely to be overweight or obese in childhood.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Infants who experience excess or rapid weight gain in infancy are more likely to be overweight or obese in childhood [6, 7] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5", "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[6, 7]" ] } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "The world has become a global village and almost everything is being done through technology.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The world has become a global village and almost everything is being done through technology.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The growth of information technology (IT) in the world is becoming a crucial factor in the future development of businesses and industries around the world.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The growth of information technology (IT) in the world is becoming a crucial factor in the future development of businesses and industries around the world.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The traditional method of banking is gradually paving way for modern method of banking in the 21 st century.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The traditional method of banking is gradually paving way for modern method of banking in the 21 st century.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Traditional banking has being in existence for many decades now and is the most common method of carrying out bank transactions in different countries, both developed and undeveloped.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Traditional banking has being in existence for many decades now and is the most common method of carrying out bank transactions in different countries, both developed and undeveloped [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "Over the past few years now, there has been continuous development of information technology (IT) to help smoothen business operations around the world especially in the banking industry where the use of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) was developed to make withdrawing of money easier for customers.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Over the past few years now, there has been continuous development of information technology (IT) to help smoothen business operations around the world especially in the banking industry where the use of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) was developed to make withdrawing of money easier for customers.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The development of internet banking followed and eventually the emergence of mobile phone banking.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The development of internet banking followed and eventually the emergence of mobile phone banking.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Both the developed and undeveloped countries have benefited and still benefiting from this new technology.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Both the developed and undeveloped countries have benefited and still benefiting from this new technology.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Customer's satisfaction holds the potential for increasing an organization's customer base, increase the use of more volatile customer mix and increase the firm's reputation.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Customer's satisfaction holds the potential for increasing an organization's customer base, increase the use of more volatile customer mix and increase the firm's reputation [2] [3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2", "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2] [3]" ] }, { "text": "An organization must know what their customers want and must be able to satisfy their demands.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "An organization must know what their customers want and must be able to satisfy their demands.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The use of mobile banking in Ghana is not well pronounced like other developed countries of the world and the banking industry should have a larger part to play in this.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The use of mobile banking in Ghana is not well pronounced like other developed countries of the world and the banking industry should have a larger part to play in this.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Today, the incorporation of IT have change many ways businesses are been carried out in all over the world, and it has subsequently changed the way businesses are been conducted and managed.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Today, the incorporation of IT have change many ways businesses are been carried out in all over the world, and it has subsequently changed the way businesses are been conducted and managed [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4]" ] }, { "text": "Today in Africa, Ghana is regarded as one of the fastest growing telecommunication nation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Today in Africa, Ghana is regarded as one of the fastest growing telecommunication nation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The fast growth of mobile phones in a developing economy such as Ghana which is most likely have caused the increase in the number of mobile users to exceed the numbers of banks.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The fast growth of mobile phones in a developing economy such as Ghana which is most likely have caused the increase in the number of mobile users to exceed the numbers of banks [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[5]" ] }, { "text": "The mobile commerce involves such applications like mobile banking, mobile payment, mobile marketing.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The mobile commerce involves such applications like mobile banking, mobile payment, mobile marketing [6] [7] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6", "BIBREF7" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[6] [7]" ] }, { "text": "Mobile banking involves mini-statements and checking of account history; alerts on account activity or passing of set thresholds; monitoring of term deposits; access to card statements; mutual funds/equity statements; insurance policy management; pension plan management; access to loan statements; status on cheque, stop payment on cheque; ordering check books; balance checking in the account; PIN provision, change of PIN and reminder over the internet; domestic and international fund transfers; recent transactions; due date of payment; micro-payment handling; mobile recharging; commercial payment processing; bill payment processing; peer to peer payments; and deposit at banking agent.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Mobile banking involves mini-statements and checking of account history; alerts on account activity or passing of set thresholds; monitoring of term deposits; access to card statements; mutual funds/equity statements; insurance policy management; pension plan management; access to loan statements; status on cheque, stop payment on cheque; ordering check books; balance checking in the account; PIN provision, change of PIN and reminder over the internet; domestic and international fund transfers; recent transactions; due date of payment; micro-payment handling; mobile recharging; commercial payment processing; bill payment processing; peer to peer payments; and deposit at banking agent [8] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF8" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[8]" ] }, { "text": "Mobile banking is allowing customers to receive a text message showing their account balance.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Mobile banking is allowing customers to receive a text message showing their account balance.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It is been claimed that mobile banking has spread around the world and it has brought about positive change from the customers perception, could this be concluded about Ghana as well?", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is been claimed that mobile banking has spread around the world and it has brought about positive change from the customers perception, could this be concluded about Ghana as well?", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In the case of Ghana the subject matter has gain little or no attention in literature, therefore, this research will bridge the gap.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the case of Ghana the subject matter has gain little or no attention in literature, therefore, this research will bridge the gap.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It is in this light that the researchers seek to examine mobile banking adoption as a communication tool on customer behaviour in the banking industry with specific focus on Access Bank Ghana Limited.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is in this light that the researchers seek to examine mobile banking adoption as a communication tool on customer behaviour in the banking industry with specific focus on Access Bank Ghana Limited.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "Plasma exhaust gas (PEG) contains many kinds of impurity usually coming from the interactions of the plasma with the surfaces.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Plasma exhaust gas (PEG) contains many kinds of impurity usually coming from the interactions of the plasma with the surfaces [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "Moreover, with the aim to reduce the power load over the plasma facing components (PFCs) the technique of impurity seeding has been studied in several tokamaks (JET, JT-60U, Alcator C-mod).", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Moreover, with the aim to reduce the power load over the plasma facing components (PFCs) the technique of impurity seeding has been studied in several tokamaks (JET, JT-60U, Alcator C-mod) [2] [3] [4] [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2", "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2] [3] [4] [5]" ] }, { "text": "The presence of these impurities is aimed at reducing the amount of power reaching PFCs by using impurities that convert the plasma thermal energy to isotropic ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The presence of these impurities is aimed at reducing the amount of power reaching PFCs by using impurities that convert the plasma thermal energy to isotropic ultraviolet and soft X-ray radiation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "Several gases have been proposed as PEG: nitrogen, neon, argon and other inert gases.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Several gases have been proposed as PEG: nitrogen, neon, argon and other inert gases.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Nitrogen has interesting radiative properties but presents a significant chemical reactivity that involves the production of ammonia.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Nitrogen has interesting radiative properties but presents a significant chemical reactivity that involves the production of ammonia.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Then, inert gases have been studied: mainly, Ne that increases the radiative power of plasma much more than Ar.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Then, inert gases have been studied: mainly, Ne that increases the radiative power of plasma much more than Ar [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "In some applications of solid mechanics, such as modeling cracks, structural defects, or nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), the classical continuum description is not suitable, and it is required to utilize an atomistic description of materials.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In some applications of solid mechanics, such as modeling cracks, structural defects, or nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), the classical continuum description is not suitable, and it is required to utilize an atomistic description of materials.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, full atomistic simulations are prohibitively expensive, hence there is a need for efficient numerical method.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, full atomistic simulations are prohibitively expensive, hence there is a need for efficient numerical method.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Among the efficient methods based on atomistic models, the quasicontinuum (QC) method has attracted growing interest in recent years.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Among the efficient methods based on atomistic models, the quasicontinuum (QC) method has attracted growing interest in recent years [24] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF23" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[24]" ] } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "Our study needs to be complemented by investigations of larger and more homogeneous samples of divorced subjects.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Our study needs to be complemented by investigations of larger and more homogeneous samples of divorced subjects.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This seems especially important äs failure to come to terms with the end of a relationship has been linked to Stresses in parenting.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This seems especially important äs failure to come to terms with the end of a relationship has been linked to Stresses in parenting (Wallerstein & Kelly, 1980) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF51" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Wallerstein & Kelly, 1980)" ] }, { "text": "We believe to have demonstrated that the research on adults' attachment representations provides a fruitful frarnework to study this topic.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We believe to have demonstrated that the research on adults' attachment representations provides a fruitful frarnework to study this topic.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "In Phase 1, the panelists were asked to select 5 hard decisions related to SDPs.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In Phase 1, the panelists were asked to select 5 hard decisions related to SDPs.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In Phase 2, panelists were presented with an ordered list of hard decisions from Phase 1.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In Phase 2, panelists were presented with an ordered list of hard decisions from Phase 1.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The ordering of the hard decisions was based upon the percentage of panelists who selected each decision in Phase 1.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The ordering of the hard decisions was based upon the percentage of panelists who selected each decision in Phase 1.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Thus, based on feedback from the group's initial selection process, the panelists were then asked to rank each item.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Thus, based on feedback from the group's initial selection process, the panelists were then asked to rank each item.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "At the end of Phase 2, a mean rank for each factor was computed and Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) was calculated to determine the degree of consensus among the panelists.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "At the end of Phase 2, a mean rank for each factor was computed and Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) was calculated to determine the degree of consensus among the panelists (Schmidt, 1997) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF58" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Schmidt, 1997)" ] }, { "text": "This statistic assesses the overall degree of agreement in a set of rankings given by several individuals (Siegel, 1956: 229-239 ).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This statistic assesses the overall degree of agreement in a set of rankings given by several individuals (Siegel, 1956: 229-239 ).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "Recently, high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites have been steadily developed.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Recently, high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites have been steadily developed.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Among cementitious composites, short random fiber reinforcement with fiber content between 2 and 3 volume percent appears to be the most attractive due to ease of processing.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Among cementitious composites, short random fiber reinforcement with fiber content between 2 and 3 volume percent appears to be the most attractive due to ease of processing.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The addition of short random fibers increases the toughness and/or energy absorption capacity and a possible increase in ultimate strength and/or strain capacity of cementitious composite.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The addition of short random fibers increases the toughness and/or energy absorption capacity and a possible increase in ultimate strength and/or strain capacity of cementitious composite.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In conventional fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), where both fine and coarse aggregates are included, the toughening effect is limited to the postpeak region of the load-deformation curve.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In conventional fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), where both fine and coarse aggregates are included, the toughening effect is limited to the postpeak region of the load-deformation curve.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Fiber reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) with strain hardening and multiple cracking behavior in uniaxial tension and bending are also developed.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Fiber reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) with strain hardening and multiple cracking behavior in uniaxial tension and bending are also developed.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In FRCC matrices are mainly cement paste or mortar.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In FRCC matrices are mainly cement paste or mortar.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The unique feature of a cementitious composite exhibiting strain hardening and multiple cracking behaviors is the increase of the composite's post-cracking strength beyond its first crack strength accompanied by the development of closely spaced multiple cracks.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The unique feature of a cementitious composite exhibiting strain hardening and multiple cracking behaviors is the increase of the composite's post-cracking strength beyond its first crack strength accompanied by the development of closely spaced multiple cracks.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Past research works indicate that strain hardening was mostly achieved in FRCC containing mono fibers.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Past research works indicate that strain hardening was mostly achieved in FRCC containing mono fibers [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0", "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2", "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4", "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]" ] }, { "text": "Recently, hybrid fiber FRCC exhibiting strain hardening and multiple cracking behaviors have also been developed.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Recently, hybrid fiber FRCC exhibiting strain hardening and multiple cracking behaviors have also been developed [7] [8] [9] [10] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6", "BIBREF7", "BIBREF8", "BIBREF9" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[7] [8] [9] [10]" ] } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "In this paper we have focused on a particular quantity of a warped compactification: the energy of BPS domain walls that interpolate between vacua with different values of the fluxes.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this paper we have focused on a particular quantity of a warped compactification: the energy of BPS domain walls that interpolate between vacua with different values of the fluxes.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We have found that the energy is unaffected by smearing the background branes or, equivalently, by warping.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We have found that the energy is unaffected by smearing the background branes or, equivalently, by warping.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This is in line with the original arguments that derived the superpotential for flux compactifications based on domain wall tensions.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This is in line with the original arguments that derived the superpotential for flux compactifications based on domain wall tensions [47] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF46" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[47]" ] } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "One can think of the dependence of fields Ψ on internal coordinates as Kaluza-Klein modes and hence they are typically discarded.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "One can think of the dependence of fields Ψ on internal coordinates as Kaluza-Klein modes and hence they are typically discarded.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The smearing can then be understood as a Fourier-expansion of the delta-function where only the constant term is kept.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The smearing can then be understood as a Fourier-expansion of the delta-function where only the constant term is kept.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "There have been some discussions in the literature on how these KK modes should be integrated out and this goes by the name of warped effective field theory (WEFT) and some essential references on this topic are.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "There have been some discussions in the literature on how these KK modes should be integrated out and this goes by the name of warped effective field theory (WEFT) and some essential references on this topic are [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF15", "BIBREF16", "BIBREF17", "BIBREF18", "BIBREF19", "BIBREF20", "BIBREF21", "BIBREF22" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23]" ] }, { "text": "In the smeared limit the coordinate dependences are simply eliminated and not integrated over, whereas in WEFT there is a non-trivial integral.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the smeared limit the coordinate dependences are simply eliminated and not integrated over, whereas in WEFT there is a non-trivial integral.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "We note that when X ′ is a projective homogeneous manifold of a semisimple group G, in which case we have X = X ′ , τ is amenable to explicit descriptions.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We note that when X ′ is a projective homogeneous manifold of a semisimple group G, in which case we have X = X ′ , τ is amenable to explicit descriptions.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "For example, one description says that the tautological system can be generated by the vector fields corresponding to the linear G action on V ∨ , and a twisted Euler vector field, together with a set of quadratic differential operators corresponding to the defining relations of X in P(V ) under the Plücker embedding.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "For example, one description says that the tautological system can be generated by the vector fields corresponding to the linear G action on V ∨ , and a twisted Euler vector field, together with a set of quadratic differential operators corresponding to the defining relations of X in P(V ) under the Plücker embedding.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The case where X is a Grassmannian has been worked out in detail.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The case where X is a Grassmannian has been worked out in detail [16] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF15" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[16]" ] }, { "text": "Furthermore, when the middle primitive cohomology H n (X) prim = 0, it is also known that the system τ is complete, i.e. the solution sheaf coincides with the period sheaf.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Furthermore, when the middle primitive cohomology H n (X) prim = 0, it is also known that the system τ is complete, i.e. the solution sheaf coincides with the period sheaf [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4]" ] } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "The theory of hydromagnetic dynamos is mainly concerned with the self-excitation of cosmic magnetic fields, with particular focus on the fields of planets, stars, and galaxies.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The theory of hydromagnetic dynamos is mainly concerned with the self-excitation of cosmic magnetic fields, with particular focus on the fields of planets, stars, and galaxies (Krause and Rädler 1980) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF16" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Krause and Rädler 1980)" ] }, { "text": "As long as the self-excited magnetic field is weak and its influence on the velocity field is negligible we speak about the kinematic dynamo regime.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As long as the self-excited magnetic field is weak and its influence on the velocity field is negligible we speak about the kinematic dynamo regime.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "When the magnetic field has grown to higher amplitudes the field-generating velocity field is modified, and the dynamo enters its saturation regime, which will not be considered in the present paper, though.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "When the magnetic field has grown to higher amplitudes the field-generating velocity field is modified, and the dynamo enters its saturation regime, which will not be considered in the present paper, though.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "It is hard to investigate the detailed morphology of the nanostructures at high-resolution SEM due to the charging issue of sapphire substrate, on which vertical ZnO nanowires were usually grown.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is hard to investigate the detailed morphology of the nanostructures at high-resolution SEM due to the charging issue of sapphire substrate, on which vertical ZnO nanowires were usually grown.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Thus, we employed semiconductor Si NWs, which was produced by chemical wet etching and has similar vertically aligned nanostructures to ZnO NWs.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Thus, we employed semiconductor Si NWs, which was produced by chemical wet etching and has similar vertically aligned nanostructures to ZnO NWs.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "A typical side view SEM image of Si NWs is shown in Figure 4(a) , indicating that the NWs are uniform with a high density and close spacing.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "A typical side view SEM image of Si NWs is shown in Figure 4(a) , indicating that the NWs are uniform with a high density and close spacing.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The lengths of the NWs are close to 30 µm.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The lengths of the NWs are close to 30 µm.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "As shown in Figure 4(b) , the vertical Si NWs were covered by a thin layer of silver nanoparticles by electroless plating as described above.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As shown in Figure 4(b) , the vertical Si NWs were covered by a thin layer of silver nanoparticles by electroless plating as described above.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The SERS measurements at different spots were performed.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The SERS measurements at different spots were performed.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "As shown in Figure 4(c) , the SERS intensity is very uniform across Si NWs array sample, demonstrating that the wet chemical etching and electroless plating results in repeatable and uniform plasmonic NW large area arrays.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As shown in Figure 4(c) , the SERS intensity is very uniform across Si NWs array sample, demonstrating that the wet chemical etching and electroless plating results in repeatable and uniform plasmonic NW large area arrays.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The lines for the SERS-active molecules, BT, are very similar to those reported previously.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The lines for the SERS-active molecules, BT, are very similar to those reported previously [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF27", "BIBREF28", "BIBREF29", "BIBREF30", "BIBREF31", "BIBREF32" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33]" ] }, { "text": "When the SERS intensity of the Si NW arrays was compared to the ZnO NW arrays using the 514 nm laser line, an order of magnitude greater signal was noted for the Si NWs.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "When the SERS intensity of the Si NW arrays was compared to the ZnO NW arrays using the 514 nm laser line, an order of magnitude greater signal was noted for the Si NWs.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This is most likely to a much higher density of wires, which are also more closely spaced, leading to greater plasmon coupling.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This is most likely to a much higher density of wires, which are also more closely spaced, leading to greater plasmon coupling.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "Various types of inverted pendulums have been presented in the literature for either educational or research purposes.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Various types of inverted pendulums have been presented in the literature for either educational or research purposes [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0", "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2", "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4", "BIBREF5", "BIBREF6", "BIBREF7", "BIBREF9", "BIBREF10", "BIBREF11", "BIBREF12", "BIBREF13" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]" ] }, { "text": "Pendulums with multiple degrees of freedom have been presented and controlled to verify control algorithms.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Pendulums with multiple degrees of freedom have been presented and controlled to verify control algorithms.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Experimental results have been presented for a pendulum that moves not only on a single track, but also in the x-y plane while balancing.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Experimental results have been presented for a pendulum that moves not only on a single track, but also in the x-y plane while balancing [3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3]" ] }, { "text": "A rotating structure of the pendulum system, known as the Furuta pendulum, has been presented as well.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "A rotating structure of the pendulum system, known as the Furuta pendulum, has been presented as well [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4]" ] }, { "text": "Remote swing up control of an inverted pendulum system has also been presented.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Remote swing up control of an inverted pendulum system has also been presented [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[5]" ] } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "The health status of women and children reflect the level of national health, quality of civil life, and social civilization.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The health status of women and children reflect the level of national health, quality of civil life, and social civilization.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Accelerating the development of maternal and child health care is of great importance in improving a nation's health quality, promoting economic development and building a harmonious society.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Accelerating the development of maternal and child health care is of great importance in improving a nation's health quality, promoting economic development and building a harmonious society.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Therefore, in 2012, China's National Health and Family Planning Commission proposed a policy named the \"2011-2020 China women and children development program,\" which stated that funding for maternal and child health should be increased, decentralized and provided in rural and underdeveloped areas in order to promote equalization of health care services.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, in 2012, China's National Health and Family Planning Commission proposed a policy named the \"2011-2020 China women and children development program,\" which stated that funding for maternal and child health should be increased, decentralized and provided in rural and underdeveloped areas in order to promote equalization of health care services [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "However, Differences in health service allocation in different regions is still a problem at all levels of health and family planning management.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, Differences in health service allocation in different regions is still a problem at all levels of health and family planning management.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Fairness, effectiveness and accessibility of maternal and child health services is an urgent issue in rural China.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Fairness, effectiveness and accessibility of maternal and child health services is an urgent issue in rural China [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] }, { "text": "According to relevant literature, technical efficiency is applied to the health systems and reflects the relationship between the health utilizations (such as personnel, capital and equipment) and the health outcomes.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "According to relevant literature, technical efficiency is applied to the health systems and reflects the relationship between the health utilizations (such as personnel, capital and equipment) and the health outcomes [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2", "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4", "BIBREF5", "BIBREF6", "BIBREF7" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]" ] }, { "text": "As the core of the maternal and child health service system, the service efficiency in MCHHs affects the supply of the maternal and child health qualities and fairness to a large extent.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As the core of the maternal and child health service system, the service efficiency in MCHHs affects the supply of the maternal and child health qualities and fairness to a large extent.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "The basic understanding of the origin of liquid crystalline phases commenced thanks to theoretical work on the ability of hard rods to form a nematic, the simplest liquid crystal phase.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The basic understanding of the origin of liquid crystalline phases commenced thanks to theoretical work on the ability of hard rods to form a nematic, the simplest liquid crystal phase.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In the 1940s, Onsager showed that an isotropic fluid of very thin, hard rods undergoes a transition to a nematic phase upon concentrating the rods.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In the 1940s, Onsager showed that an isotropic fluid of very thin, hard rods undergoes a transition to a nematic phase upon concentrating the rods [3, 4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2", "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3, 4]" ] }, { "text": "In the isotropic phase, the rods are oriented randomly whereas in the nematic phase they have a preferred, more parallel orientation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the isotropic phase, the rods are oriented randomly whereas in the nematic phase they have a preferred, more parallel orientation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Onsager argued that the randomly oriented rods in the isotropic phase reserve less free volume per particle than the aligned rods in the nematic phase.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Onsager argued that the randomly oriented rods in the isotropic phase reserve less free volume per particle than the aligned rods in the nematic phase.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Hence the entropy loss associated with the orientational ordering in the nematic phase is more than compensated by the reduction of excluded volume between pairs of rods.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Hence the entropy loss associated with the orientational ordering in the nematic phase is more than compensated by the reduction of excluded volume between pairs of rods [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[5]" ] } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "For very thin, rigid, hard rods, the phase transition occurs at a very low volume fraction and the virial expansion may therefore be truncated at the level of the second (osmotic) virial coefficient, leading to an exact theory for infinitely thin particles.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "For very thin, rigid, hard rods, the phase transition occurs at a very low volume fraction and the virial expansion may therefore be truncated at the level of the second (osmotic) virial coefficient, leading to an exact theory for infinitely thin particles [4] [5] [6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4", "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4] [5] [6]" ] }, { "text": "This rigorous demonstration of an entropydriven phase transition in hard particle dispersions received significant impetus.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This rigorous demonstration of an entropydriven phase transition in hard particle dispersions received significant impetus [7] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[7]" ] }, { "text": "It stimulated computer simulation work that revealed highly ordered smectic phases in concentrated suspensions of hard rods.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "It stimulated computer simulation work that revealed highly ordered smectic phases in concentrated suspensions of hard rods [8] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF7" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[8]" ] } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "Polymer photodegradation and stabilization are extensive fields of study.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Polymer photodegradation and stabilization are extensive fields of study.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It is well established that photooxidation reactions play an important role in the degradation process of ultraviolet (UV) irradiated polymeric materials, and the controlling mechanisms have been studied by some authors.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "It is well established that photooxidation reactions play an important role in the degradation process of ultraviolet (UV) irradiated polymeric materials, and the controlling mechanisms have been studied by some authors [3] [4] [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2", "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3] [4] [5]" ] }, { "text": "The physicochemical changes which occur during photooxidative reactions are characterized by an increase in the concentration of the oxygen-containing groups such as peroxides, hydroperoxides, and ketonic carbonyl groups.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The physicochemical changes which occur during photooxidative reactions are characterized by an increase in the concentration of the oxygen-containing groups such as peroxides, hydroperoxides, and ketonic carbonyl groups [6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[6]" ] }, { "text": "However, cross-linking and chain secession processes, detected during a study of photooxidation in polyethylene, are believed to be sources of great importance in causing changes in the mechanical properties of polyolefins.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "However, cross-linking and chain secession processes, detected during a study of photooxidation in polyethylene, are believed to be sources of great importance in causing changes in the mechanical properties of polyolefins [7] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[7]" ] } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "As a film, COC resins offer significant advantages over existing products, especially when high water vapor barrier, clarity, and rigidity are required.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "As a film, COC resins offer significant advantages over existing products, especially when high water vapor barrier, clarity, and rigidity are required [13] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF12" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[13]" ] }, { "text": "Their applications cover a broad spectrum ranging from high moisture barrier packaging films to technical films capacitors.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Their applications cover a broad spectrum ranging from high moisture barrier packaging films to technical films capacitors [14, 15] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF13", "BIBREF14" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[14, 15]" ] }, { "text": "Shrink films for sleeves and flexible films based on blends of COCs with low density polyethylene have also been developed.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Shrink films for sleeves and flexible films based on blends of COCs with low density polyethylene have also been developed [16] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF15" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[16]" ] } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "Integrated photonic crystal (PhC) sensors have been attracting an increasing interest in recent years due to their significant advantages such as accuracy, compactness, immunity to electromagnetic waves and so on.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Integrated photonic crystal (PhC) sensors have been attracting an increasing interest in recent years due to their significant advantages such as accuracy, compactness, immunity to electromagnetic waves and so on [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "PhC structures had been considered for bio and chemical sensing by detecting the refractive index change due to molecules immobilization in the PhC structures.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "PhC structures had been considered for bio and chemical sensing by detecting the refractive index change due to molecules immobilization in the PhC structures [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] }, { "text": "Mechanical sensing effects of PhC structures were also reported so far.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Mechanical sensing effects of PhC structures were also reported so far [3] [4] [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2", "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3] [4] [5]" ] }, { "text": "However, in these work, experimental results had not been reported.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, in these work, experimental results had not been reported.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In this study, strain sensing ability of a PhC nanocavity is investigated both theoretical and experimentally by measuring the strain-induced shift of resonant wavelength of the cavity.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this study, strain sensing ability of a PhC nanocavity is investigated both theoretical and experimentally by measuring the strain-induced shift of resonant wavelength of the cavity.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "High-resolution strain sensors are supposed to be obtained by taking the advantages of the low-noise optical measurement, high accuracy of frequency shift measurement technique, and high quality factor (Q-factor) of PhC nanocavities.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "High-resolution strain sensors are supposed to be obtained by taking the advantages of the low-noise optical measurement, high accuracy of frequency shift measurement technique, and high quality factor (Q-factor) of PhC nanocavities [6, 7] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5", "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[6, 7]" ] } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "In the mid of 90ties the prevalence was 2.4 % and after 2000 has risen to 3.9 %.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the mid of 90ties the prevalence was 2.4 % and after 2000 has risen to 3.9 %.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The increase was outstanding mainly in districts on the east and north of country, where the prevalence is significantly higher comparing countrywide average.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The increase was outstanding mainly in districts on the east and north of country, where the prevalence is significantly higher comparing countrywide average (Duscher et al., 2006) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Duscher et al., 2006)" ] }, { "text": "In Czech Republic was the E. multilocularis occurrence monitored particularly in the end of 1990' and survey was limited to southwestern region neighbouring Germany.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In Czech Republic was the E. multilocularis occurrence monitored particularly in the end of 1990' and survey was limited to southwestern region neighbouring Germany (Pavlásek, 1998; Martínek, 2003) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF16", "BIBREF13" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Pavlásek, 1998; Martínek, 2003)" ] } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "China's economy was dominated by the industrial sector, and carbon emissions in industrial sector shares large proportion in total carbon emissions in China.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "China's economy was dominated by the industrial sector, and carbon emissions in industrial sector shares large proportion in total carbon emissions in China.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "As the largest emitter of carbon dioxide, China's carbon emissions are 1.78 billion tons in 2007.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "As the largest emitter of carbon dioxide, China's carbon emissions are 1.78 billion tons in 2007 [3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3]" ] }, { "text": "What's more, in our country, approximately 70% of total carbon emissions and energy consumption are from industrial sector.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "What's more, in our country, approximately 70% of total carbon emissions and energy consumption are from industrial sector.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, the average proportion of industrial value added in the gross domestic product (GDP) was 40.2% during 1978-2012.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "However, the average proportion of industrial value added in the gross domestic product (GDP) was 40.2% during 1978-2012 [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4]" ] }, { "text": "In China, the development of economic needs industry's drive, but the carbon emissions problems that industrial development brings in are also need to be solved.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In China, the development of economic needs industry's drive, but the carbon emissions problems that industrial development brings in are also need to be solved.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "In this paper, SD model is employed in a realistic case study (Beijing, China), with the help of Vensim software, to quantitatively simulate and analyze industrial carbon emissions from 2005 to 2013.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this paper, SD model is employed in a realistic case study (Beijing, China), with the help of Vensim software, to quantitatively simulate and analyze industrial carbon emissions from 2005 to 2013.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Model validity test is carried out by history test and then simulation model is used to forecast gross value of industrial output and total carbon emissions in 2014-2020.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Model validity test is carried out by history test and then simulation model is used to forecast gross value of industrial output and total carbon emissions in 2014-2020.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "SD simulation model is proposed to construct a reasonable structure of Beijing industrial carbon emissions thus meeting emission reduction targets.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "SD simulation model is proposed to construct a reasonable structure of Beijing industrial carbon emissions thus meeting emission reduction targets [20] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF19" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[20]" ] }, { "text": "With regard to the preceding argument, this paper seeks to make progress in two directions.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "With regard to the preceding argument, this paper seeks to make progress in two directions.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "Notwithstanding, future research should examine the burnout and engagement of employees who are the target of other-oriented perfectionists' high standards.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Notwithstanding, future research should examine the burnout and engagement of employees who are the target of other-oriented perfectionists' high standards.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It is unlikely that these employees would feel similarly energized.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is unlikely that these employees would feel similarly energized.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "For instance, a study focused on married couples demonstrated that a spouse's other-oriented perfectionism was not associated with their own perception of martial dysfunction, but was associated with their partner's perception of martial dysfunction.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "For instance, a study focused on married couples demonstrated that a spouse's other-oriented perfectionism was not associated with their own perception of martial dysfunction, but was associated with their partner's perception of martial dysfunction (Hewitt, Flett, & Mikail, 1995) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF28" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Hewitt, Flett, & Mikail, 1995)" ] } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "Responses to certain treatments have offered evidence of an immune component in the disease.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Responses to certain treatments have offered evidence of an immune component in the disease [3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3]" ] }, { "text": "Early indications were provided by a correlation between incidence of graft-vs-host disease and improved leukemia-free survival in CML patients who had received allogeneic stem cell transplants.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Early indications were provided by a correlation between incidence of graft-vs-host disease and improved leukemia-free survival in CML patients who had received allogeneic stem cell transplants [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4]" ] }, { "text": "Additionally, treatment with interferons (which are known to be immunomodulatory) has led to complete or partial responses in some fraction of CML patients.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Additionally, treatment with interferons (which are known to be immunomodulatory) has led to complete or partial responses in some fraction of CML patients [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[5]" ] }, { "text": "More recently, studies that include immunomodulatory therapies such as nivolumab have been initiated.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "More recently, studies that include immunomodulatory therapies such as nivolumab have been initiated [6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF6" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[6]" ] } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "Several methods have been proposed in order to obtain porous ceramics; sacrificial template method, replica technique, and direct foaming can be mentioned as examples of this.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Several methods have been proposed in order to obtain porous ceramics; sacrificial template method, replica technique, and direct foaming can be mentioned as examples of this [3] [4] [5] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2", "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3] [4] [5]" ] }, { "text": "In this paper, a method is proposed based on the combination of two different piezoelectric materials and their differences on densification processes and fusion temperatures, in order to obtain porous piezoelectric ceramics.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this paper, a method is proposed based on the combination of two different piezoelectric materials and their differences on densification processes and fusion temperatures, in order to obtain porous piezoelectric ceramics.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "By the use of adequate material proportions and suitable processing conditions it is possible to get porous ceramics in the microand nanofiltration.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "By the use of adequate material proportions and suitable processing conditions it is possible to get porous ceramics in the microand nanofiltration [6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[6]" ] } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "In many clinical trials, particularly in oncology research, a certain percentage of patients may be cured and thus become risk-free of a specific event of interest or disease relapse.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In many clinical trials, particularly in oncology research, a certain percentage of patients may be cured and thus become risk-free of a specific event of interest or disease relapse [36] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF36" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[36]" ] }, { "text": "On the other hand, a study may involve a proportion of subjects who are insusceptible to the event of interest, while the rest are susceptible.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "On the other hand, a study may involve a proportion of subjects who are insusceptible to the event of interest, while the rest are susceptible.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In either case, the risk set at a given time point during the follow-up needs to exclude those cured or insusceptible subjects.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In either case, the risk set at a given time point during the follow-up needs to exclude those cured or insusceptible subjects [19] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF19" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[19]" ] }, { "text": "Many interesting examples of such data are from bone marrow transplant (BMT) research.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Many interesting examples of such data are from bone marrow transplant (BMT) research.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "BMT is a procedure to replace bone marrow that has been destroyed by treatment with high doses of anticancer drugs or radiation.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "BMT is a procedure to replace bone marrow that has been destroyed by treatment with high doses of anticancer drugs or radiation.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Transplantation can be classified into three types: autologous (the patient's own marrow saved before treatment), allogeneic (marrow donated by someone else), or syngeneic (marrow donated by an identical twin).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Transplantation can be classified into three types: autologous (the patient's own marrow saved before treatment), allogeneic (marrow donated by someone else), or syngeneic (marrow donated by an identical twin).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "During the transplant, a common complication, known as the graftversus-host disease (GVHD), is a reaction of donated stem cells against patients' tissue.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "During the transplant, a common complication, known as the graftversus-host disease (GVHD), is a reaction of donated stem cells against patients' tissue.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In general, patients are less * Corresponding author.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In general, patients are less * Corresponding author.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "It is critical to assess whether there exists a survival fraction in the data, since it is a fundamental assumption for the application of cure rate models.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "It is critical to assess whether there exists a survival fraction in the data, since it is a fundamental assumption for the application of cure rate models [29, 30, 34, 22] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF29", "BIBREF30", "BIBREF34", "BIBREF22" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[29, 30, 34, 22]" ] }, { "text": "In practice, the validity of cure rate modeling is often examined empirically by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In practice, the validity of cure rate modeling is often examined empirically by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The ability to accommodate both cure and non-cure formulations in model (1.3) is particularly interesting, which offers an objective way to distinguish the model fitting between cure and noncure models.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The ability to accommodate both cure and non-cure formulations in model (1.3) is particularly interesting, which offers an objective way to distinguish the model fitting between cure and noncure models.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Many flexible hazard-based regression models have been studied by incorporating multiplicative and additive covariate structures.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Many flexible hazard-based regression models have been studied by incorporating multiplicative and additive covariate structures [4, 27, 28, 35] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3", "BIBREF27", "BIBREF28", "BIBREF35" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4, 27, 28, 35]" ] }, { "text": "However, in the context of cure rate models, very limited research has been conducted along this direction.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, in the context of cure rate models, very limited research has been conducted along this direction.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "The existing energy-aware standby-sparing studies focus exclusively on homogeneous dual-core systems.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The existing energy-aware standby-sparing studies focus exclusively on homogeneous dual-core systems [4, 5, 9] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3", "BIBREF4", "BIBREF8" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4, 5, 9]" ] }, { "text": "Recently, heterogeneous (asymmetric) multicore systems have been attracting much attention due to their ability to exploit power and performance trade-offs for varying workloads.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Recently, heterogeneous (asymmetric) multicore systems have been attracting much attention due to their ability to exploit power and performance trade-offs for varying workloads [11, 12] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF10", "BIBREF11" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[11, 12]" ] }, { "text": "In those systems, some \"big\" cores offer highperformance but exhibit high-power consumption profiles.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In those systems, some \"big\" cores offer highperformance but exhibit high-power consumption profiles.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The power-efficient (\"little\") cores, on the other hand, have modest performance characteristics.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The power-efficient (\"little\") cores, on the other hand, have modest performance characteristics.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "A well-known example is ARM big.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "A well-known example is ARM big.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "LITTLE systems that combine high performance out-of-order (e.g., ARM Cortex-A15) cores with power-efficient in-order (e.g., ARM Cortex-A7) cores.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "LITTLE systems that combine high performance out-of-order (e.g., ARM Cortex-A15) cores with power-efficient in-order (e.g., ARM Cortex-A7) cores [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "In such systems, the \"big\" cores are activated when highperformance is needed, while \"little\" cores can be sufficient for modest load levels in order to save energy.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In such systems, the \"big\" cores are activated when highperformance is needed, while \"little\" cores can be sufficient for modest load levels in order to save energy.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "Plants have provided many possible treatment options for human hypertension and metabolic diseases.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Plants have provided many possible treatment options for human hypertension and metabolic diseases [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF12", "BIBREF13", "BIBREF14", "BIBREF15", "BIBREF16", "BIBREF17" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]" ] }, { "text": "As with this wheat germ extract, the ingredients of the plant extracts responsible for the therapeutic responses are usually not known.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As with this wheat germ extract, the ingredients of the plant extracts responsible for the therapeutic responses are usually not known.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The mechanisms which could possibly explain the responses to wheat germ extract include inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), decrease in MHC class I molecules, up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), regulation of pentose phosphate pathway, inhibition of cyclooxygenase isoforms and upregulation of endogenous antioxidants.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The mechanisms which could possibly explain the responses to wheat germ extract include inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), decrease in MHC class I molecules, up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), regulation of pentose phosphate pathway, inhibition of cyclooxygenase isoforms and upregulation of endogenous antioxidants [3, 6, 9, 18, 19] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF2", "BIBREF6", "BIBREF9", "BIBREF18", "BIBREF19" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[3, 6, 9, 18, 19]" ] }, { "text": "These mechanisms may also be relevant for the treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "These mechanisms may also be relevant for the treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Decreased antioxidant concentrations resulting in oxidative stress may play an important role in the etiology of the symptoms of cardiovascular remodeling such as hypertension and hypertrophy; these antioxidant concentrations may be improved by nutraceuticals.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Decreased antioxidant concentrations resulting in oxidative stress may play an important role in the etiology of the symptoms of cardiovascular remodeling such as hypertension and hypertrophy; these antioxidant concentrations may be improved by nutraceuticals [20, 21] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF20", "BIBREF21" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[20, 21]" ] }, { "text": "Selective cyclooxygenase and PARP inhibitors as well as antioxidant compounds have improved cardiovascular function in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, cardiomyopathies, circulatory shock, cardiovascular aging, diabetic cardiovascular complications, 2 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine myocardial hypertrophy, atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling following injury.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Selective cyclooxygenase and PARP inhibitors as well as antioxidant compounds have improved cardiovascular function in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, cardiomyopathies, circulatory shock, cardiovascular aging, diabetic cardiovascular complications, 2 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine myocardial hypertrophy, atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling following injury [22] [23] [24] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF22", "BIBREF23", "BIBREF24" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[22] [23] [24]" ] } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "Previously, we have demonstrated that both a tapered small core single mode fiber (TSCSMF) and a microfiber coupler (MFC) are highly sensitive to surrounding refractive index change and have been developed as high sensitivity ammonia sensors.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Previously, we have demonstrated that both a tapered small core single mode fiber (TSCSMF) and a microfiber coupler (MFC) are highly sensitive to surrounding refractive index change and have been developed as high sensitivity ammonia sensors [21, [25] [26] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF20", "BIBREF25", "BIBREF26" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[21, [25] [26]" ] }, { "text": "In this work we report high sensitivity VOCs sensors based on both TSCSMF and MFC structures coated with a layer consisting of a mixture of Nile red and sol-gel silica.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In this work we report high sensitivity VOCs sensors based on both TSCSMF and MFC structures coated with a layer consisting of a mixture of Nile red and sol-gel silica.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Besides we also demonstrate simultaneous measurement of methanol and ethanol concentrations in air by using two TSCSMF based sensors functionalized with different coating layers based on different recipes.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Besides we also demonstrate simultaneous measurement of methanol and ethanol concentrations in air by using two TSCSMF based sensors functionalized with different coating layers based on different recipes.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Psychology" ]

[ { "text": "Several researchers investigate the relationship between SCM practices and firm performance.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Several researchers investigate the relationship between SCM practices and firm performance (Mzoughi et al., 2008; Li et al., 2006) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF18", "BIBREF17" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Mzoughi et al., 2008; Li et al., 2006)" ] }, { "text": "In order to increase the flexibility and efficiency of a firm, it needs to implement the SCM strategies.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In order to increase the flexibility and efficiency of a firm, it needs to implement the SCM strategies.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "SCM practices have a positive impact on organizational performance and competitive advantage.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "SCM practices have a positive impact on organizational performance and competitive advantage.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "SCM and ERP system act as an effective tool that enhances firm performance and provide a continuous competitive advantage.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "SCM and ERP system act as an effective tool that enhances firm performance and provide a continuous competitive advantage (Li et al., 2006) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF17" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Li et al., 2006)" ] }, { "text": "ERP systems lead to the improvement in the work conditions and ease the use of information.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "ERP systems lead to the improvement in the work conditions and ease the use of information (Mzoughi et al., 2008) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF18" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Mzoughi et al., 2008)" ] }, { "text": "This technology effects the information process, workflow and the interaction effect between the employees of the firm.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This technology effects the information process, workflow and the interaction effect between the employees of the firm.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Firms have some marketing and financial objectives.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Firms have some marketing and financial objectives.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "They try to reach these objectives.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "They try to reach these objectives.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Also, companies can reach the competitive advantage by developing strategic relationship orientation of mutual gains, maintaining the relationships with limited number of suppliers .", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Also, companies can reach the competitive advantage by developing strategic relationship orientation of mutual gains, maintaining the relationships with limited number of suppliers .", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The objective of this study is to investigate the relationships among SCM practices, ERP systems, firm performance and competitive advantage.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The objective of this study is to investigate the relationships among SCM practices, ERP systems, firm performance and competitive advantage.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It examines the relationship between the variables are presented within the framework of the Turkish market.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It examines the relationship between the variables are presented within the framework of the Turkish market.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This research provides managers with a tool for SCM practices and the development of ERP system, for the managers.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This research provides managers with a tool for SCM practices and the development of ERP system, for the managers.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "In Section 3 we show that certain conditions on the induced subcomplexes in a simplicial complex K, more precisely, vanishing of particular multigraded Betti numbers of K imply existence of a strictly defined higher Massey product in H * (Z K ), see Lemma 3.3.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In Section 3 we show that certain conditions on the induced subcomplexes in a simplicial complex K, more precisely, vanishing of particular multigraded Betti numbers of K imply existence of a strictly defined higher Massey product in H * (Z K ), see Lemma 3.3.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Then we apply this result and the simplicial multiwedge construction in order to find a family of generalized moment-angle manifolds such that for any l, r ≥ 2 this family contains an l-connected manifold M with a nontrivial strictly defined r-fold Massey product in H * (M ), see Theorem 3.6.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Then we apply this result and the simplicial multiwedge construction in order to find a family of generalized moment-angle manifolds such that for any l, r ≥ 2 this family contains an l-connected manifold M with a nontrivial strictly defined r-fold Massey product in H * (M ), see Theorem 3.6.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It turns out that the underlying polytopes are 2-truncated cubes, therefore, they are Delzant and thus any nonformal toric space M from our family is a total space of a principal toric bundle over a nonsingular projective toric variety.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It turns out that the underlying polytopes are 2-truncated cubes, therefore, they are Delzant and thus any nonformal toric space M from our family is a total space of a principal toric bundle over a nonsingular projective toric variety.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The latter one is a formal manifold and is equivariantly symplectomorphic to a compact connected symplectic manifold with an effective Hamiltonian action of a half-dimensional compact torus.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The latter one is a formal manifold and is equivariantly symplectomorphic to a compact connected symplectic manifold with an effective Hamiltonian action of a half-dimensional compact torus [21] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF21" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[21]" ] } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "That cells can change their cell fate in response to IFN-γ has been reported.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "That cells can change their cell fate in response to IFN-γ has been reported.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "One report shows that IFN-γ induced apoptosis only at higher IFN-γ concentrations.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "One report shows that IFN-γ induced apoptosis only at higher IFN-γ concentrations [82] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF77" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[82]" ] }, { "text": "Others show that T cells stimulated through their T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) proliferate in response to IFN-γ during the first TCR activation, but undergo apoptosis in response to IFN-γ during a second TCR activation.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Others show that T cells stimulated through their T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) proliferate in response to IFN-γ during the first TCR activation, but undergo apoptosis in response to IFN-γ during a second TCR activation [45, 46] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF39", "BIBREF40" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[45, 46]" ] }, { "text": "In another case, serum starvation caused T cells, which normally proliferate in response to IFN-γ, to undergo apoptosis in response to IFN-γ.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In another case, serum starvation caused T cells, which normally proliferate in response to IFN-γ, to undergo apoptosis in response to IFN-γ [45, 46, 50, 54] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF39", "BIBREF40", "BIBREF44", "BIBREF48" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[45, 46, 50, 54]" ] } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "Telephone surveys are commonly used for collecting data in longitudinal studies of patient populations.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Telephone surveys are commonly used for collecting data in longitudinal studies of patient populations.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "There are significant advantages to using telephone interviews to administer surveys: it reduces the amount of time a patient needs to spend at the doctor's clinic; it removes the need for subjects or interviewers to travel; and interviews can be conducted outside of business hours when respondents are more available.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "There are significant advantages to using telephone interviews to administer surveys: it reduces the amount of time a patient needs to spend at the doctor's clinic; it removes the need for subjects or interviewers to travel; and interviews can be conducted outside of business hours when respondents are more available.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Overall, it is more convenient for the subject and can potentially help to enhance response rates for longitudinal studies that require patient self-reported information.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Overall, it is more convenient for the subject and can potentially help to enhance response rates for longitudinal studies that require patient self-reported information.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Telephone interviews are often preferable to postal or online surveys as the interviewer can help to ensure the validity and reliability of responses by reducing missing data and providing item clarification to the respondents.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Telephone interviews are often preferable to postal or online surveys as the interviewer can help to ensure the validity and reliability of responses by reducing missing data and providing item clarification to the respondents [4] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[4]" ] }, { "text": "This is particularly important in patient population settings, where subjects are often elderly who may have a visual impairment or in populations with poor literacy.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This is particularly important in patient population settings, where subjects are often elderly who may have a visual impairment or in populations with poor literacy.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Furthermore, an essential component for most survey studies is an adequate response rate to reduce nonresponse or self-selection bias.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Furthermore, an essential component for most survey studies is an adequate response rate to reduce nonresponse or self-selection bias [5, 6] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF4", "BIBREF5" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[5, 6]" ] } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "Integration of multicriteria criteria decision analysis GIS and (MCDA) were used and applied to Al-Mseiabqadaa.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Integration of multicriteria criteria decision analysis GIS and (MCDA) were used and applied to Al-Mseiabqadaa.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Fourteen criteria had been identified for landfill site selection.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Fourteen criteria had been identified for landfill site selection.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "They are: urban centers, land use, air ports, pipes, power lines, railways, roads, slope, streams, surface water, industrial areas, oil pipes, liquid gas pipes, and soil types.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "They are: urban centers, land use, air ports, pipes, power lines, railways, roads, slope, streams, surface water, industrial areas, oil pipes, liquid gas pipes, and soil types.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "ArcGIS 9.3 software was used for imaging and analysis of spatial data.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "ArcGIS 9.3 software was used for imaging and analysis of spatial data.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Additionally, several GIS analyses such as buffer zoning, distance, reclassify and overlay analysis were used.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Additionally, several GIS analyses such as buffer zoning, distance, reclassify and overlay analysis were used.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In order to evaluate site selection criterion, MCDA was used to measure the relative importance weighting for evaluation criteria.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In order to evaluate site selection criterion, MCDA was used to measure the relative importance weighting for evaluation criteria.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "MCDA divides the decision problems into smaller understandable parts, analyze each part separately, and then integrate the parts in a logical manner.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "MCDA divides the decision problems into smaller understandable parts, analyze each part separately, and then integrate the parts in a logical manner [32] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF31" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[32]" ] } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "Glasses from the SiO 2 -PbO-PbF 2 -Na 2 O system during heating demonstrated, besides the thermal effect characteristic for typical phase transitions occurring in a glassy material, an additional exothermal effect near the T g temperature connected with PbF 2 crystallization.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Glasses from the SiO 2 -PbO-PbF 2 -Na 2 O system during heating demonstrated, besides the thermal effect characteristic for typical phase transitions occurring in a glassy material, an additional exothermal effect near the T g temperature connected with PbF 2 crystallization.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This effect is observed only for three definite chemical compositions of the examined glasses (Fig. 1) .", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This effect is observed only for three definite chemical compositions of the examined glasses (Fig. 1) .", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Analysis of DTA curves indicates that the presence of a well visible effect of the glassy state transformation in the examined glasses is closely connected with the cerammization effect (Fig. 1) .", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Analysis of DTA curves indicates that the presence of a well visible effect of the glassy state transformation in the examined glasses is closely connected with the cerammization effect (Fig. 1) .", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In all studied glasses, the second crystallization event at the temperature 500-600°C is observed.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In all studied glasses, the second crystallization event at the temperature 500-600°C is observed.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This effect is also connected with PbF 2 formation but with micrometer size of crystals.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This effect is also connected with PbF 2 formation but with micrometer size of crystals.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Increase of fluorine content introduced into the structure of glasses by PbF 2 causes a decrease of the glass transition temperature T g and a decrease of changes of the specific heat DC p accompanying the glass transition region (Table 2 ).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Increase of fluorine content introduced into the structure of glasses by PbF 2 causes a decrease of the glass transition temperature T g and a decrease of changes of the specific heat DC p accompanying the glass transition region (Table 2 ).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This has been explained on the basis of the strength of the chemical bond between the components of the considered glass structure, according to Görlich.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This has been explained on the basis of the strength of the chemical bond between the components of the considered glass structure, according to Görlich [16] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF15" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[16]" ] }, { "text": "Introduction of increasing amounts of Pb-F (i G = 0.715) and Si-F (i G = 0.506) bonds characterized by the considerable ionicity into the glass structure at simultaneous reduction of Pb-O (i G = 0.670), Si-O (i G = 0.428) of a lower ionicity increases the flexibility of the glass structure.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Introduction of increasing amounts of Pb-F (i G = 0.715) and Si-F (i G = 0.506) bonds characterized by the considerable ionicity into the glass structure at simultaneous reduction of Pb-O (i G = 0.670), Si-O (i G = 0.428) of a lower ionicity increases the flexibility of the glass structure.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Materials Science" ]

[ { "text": "Pt is found to migrate towards the substrate, as annealing temperature is increased.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Pt is found to migrate towards the substrate, as annealing temperature is increased.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "As can be seen from the sputter depth profiles the surface of the samples become enriched in Ti and O as annealing temperature increases, indicating a sample oxidation from the surface, despite the use of high vacuum conditions during annealing.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As can be seen from the sputter depth profiles the surface of the samples become enriched in Ti and O as annealing temperature increases, indicating a sample oxidation from the surface, despite the use of high vacuum conditions during annealing.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Another interesting observation is that no increase of a-C phase could be noted.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Another interesting observation is that no increase of a-C phase could be noted.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The only change in the C1s peak (not shown) upon annealing is the disappearance of the C-Pt bonds.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The only change in the C1s peak (not shown) upon annealing is the disappearance of the C-Pt bonds.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "One B1-sample annealed at 850°C, was tested as a gas-sensor.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "One B1-sample annealed at 850°C, was tested as a gas-sensor.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In the test no response to any gases was observed.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the test no response to any gases was observed.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "After the test, the coating had changed colour (from grey to bluish).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "After the test, the coating had changed colour (from grey to bluish).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "To investigate the change of the coating, a sputter depth profile was obtained in the same way as above.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "To investigate the change of the coating, a sputter depth profile was obtained in the same way as above.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The result is shown in Figure 9 .", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The result is shown in Figure 9 .", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The coating was found to be totally oxidised.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The coating was found to be totally oxidised.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Almost all carbon had disappeared and the Ti2p peak showed that the vast majority of Ti is bonded to oxygen.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Almost all carbon had disappeared and the Ti2p peak showed that the vast majority of Ti is bonded to oxygen [21] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF20" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[21]" ] }, { "text": "The probable cause of this complete oxidation is the catalytical activity of Pt, producing oxygen radicals that rapidly react with both the carbide and the amorphous carbon.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The probable cause of this complete oxidation is the catalytical activity of Pt, producing oxygen radicals that rapidly react with both the carbide and the amorphous carbon.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The Pt-profile from the annealing has been retained, despite substantial diffusion of other species.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The Pt-profile from the annealing has been retained, despite substantial diffusion of other species.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "The compound 20 present in fraction II was identified as one of the caffeoylferuloylquinic acid isomers on the basis of [M-H] -ion at a m/z of 529 and fragment ion at a m/z of 193 (ferulic acid moiety).", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The compound 20 present in fraction II was identified as one of the caffeoylferuloylquinic acid isomers on the basis of [M-H] -ion at a m/z of 529 and fragment ion at a m/z of 193 (ferulic acid moiety) [24] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF23" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[24]" ] }, { "text": "Among diacyl quinic acids, the presence of five caffeoyl-dimethoxycinnamoylquinic acid isomers was noted in sunflower seeds.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Among diacyl quinic acids, the presence of five caffeoyl-dimethoxycinnamoylquinic acid isomers was noted in sunflower seeds.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Isomers 15 and 16 were detected in fractions II-IV, and isomers 17, 18 and 19 in fractions IV-VI.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Isomers 15 and 16 were detected in fractions II-IV, and isomers 17, 18 and 19 in fractions IV-VI.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The identification was performed on the basis of the occurrence of deprotonated molecular ion [M-H] -at a m/z of 543 and fragmentation of the parent ion, which was in accordance with literature data.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The identification was performed on the basis of the occurrence of deprotonated molecular ion [M-H] -at a m/z of 543 and fragmentation of the parent ion, which was in accordance with literature data [26] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF28" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[26]" ] }, { "text": "Heretofore, caffeoyl-dimethoxycinnamoylquinic acid isomers were not recognized as phenolic compounds of sunflower seeds.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Heretofore, caffeoyl-dimethoxycinnamoylquinic acid isomers were not recognized as phenolic compounds of sunflower seeds.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "Antioxidants are applied in food industry as additives limiting oxidation of food components, especially lipids.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Antioxidants are applied in food industry as additives limiting oxidation of food components, especially lipids.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The oxidation leads to losses in food quality and shelf life.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The oxidation leads to losses in food quality and shelf life [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "The antioxidants play an important role also in living organisms since they prevent excessive free radical formation in cells.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The antioxidants play an important role also in living organisms since they prevent excessive free radical formation in cells.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The extent of free radicals may cause disruption of biologically imported molecules, and in consequence the onset of various diseases.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The extent of free radicals may cause disruption of biologically imported molecules, and in consequence the onset of various diseases.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It is believed that oxidative processes are among the reasons for deficiency of immunological system and increased risk of infectious diseases, cancer development, diabetes, arthritis, rheumatoid diseases, respiratory diseases, cataracts, atherosclerosis and a series of destructive processes due to aging, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "It is believed that oxidative processes are among the reasons for deficiency of immunological system and increased risk of infectious diseases, cancer development, diabetes, arthritis, rheumatoid diseases, respiratory diseases, cataracts, atherosclerosis and a series of destructive processes due to aging, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] } ]

[ "Chemistry" ]

[ { "text": "In the fractions from sunflower seeds, a few compounds belonging to flavonoids were also identified.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the fractions from sunflower seeds, a few compounds belonging to flavonoids were also identified.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Compounds 27 and 28 due to the characteristic k max of UV spectra and fragment ion at a m/z of 301 (quercetin moiety) were classified as quercetin derivatives, with compound 28 being probably a diglycoside, but no further identifications were possible.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Compounds 27 and 28 due to the characteristic k max of UV spectra and fragment ion at a m/z of 301 (quercetin moiety) were classified as quercetin derivatives, with compound 28 being probably a diglycoside, but no further identifications were possible.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Fraction IV contained the quercetin rutinoside (29) (m/z 609, 301), and in fractions V and VI, one of quercetin glucuronide isomers (30) was identified due to the occurrence of deprotonated molecular ion [M-H] -at a m/z of 477 and fragment ion at a m/z of 301 (quercetin moiety).", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Fraction IV contained the quercetin rutinoside (29) (m/z 609, 301), and in fractions V and VI, one of quercetin glucuronide isomers (30) was identified due to the occurrence of deprotonated molecular ion [M-H] -at a m/z of 477 and fragment ion at a m/z of 301 (quercetin moiety) [28] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF30" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[28]" ] }, { "text": "Furthermore, in fraction IV, a flavanone (compound 31) with k max of UV spectrum at 290 and 332 nm was tentatively identified.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Furthermore, in fraction IV, a flavanone (compound 31) with k max of UV spectrum at 290 and 332 nm was tentatively identified.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "Staging of disease from mild to severe fibrosis.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Staging of disease from mild to severe fibrosis.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The data presented here help clarify the relationship between fibrosis grades.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The data presented here help clarify the relationship between fibrosis grades [18] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF17" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[18]" ] }, { "text": "They indicate that disease likely progresses from FI to FII before reaching the most advanced FIII stage.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "They indicate that disease likely progresses from FI to FII before reaching the most advanced FIII stage.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This conclusion is supported first by the chronology of the appearance of FI, FII, and FIII: FI appears first in the young popDownloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-abstract/180/4/1298/845380 by guest on 24 December 2018 ulation, FII is rare in children but frequent in young adults, and FIII begins to occur in adults.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This conclusion is supported first by the chronology of the appearance of FI, FII, and FIII: FI appears first in the young popDownloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-abstract/180/4/1298/845380 by guest on 24 December 2018 ulation, FII is rare in children but frequent in young adults, and FIII begins to occur in adults.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Second, the sharp increase of FII prevalence associated with an equivalent reduction of FI prevalence in 20-to 30-year-old men suggests that FII developed in subjects that had FI.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Second, the sharp increase of FII prevalence associated with an equivalent reduction of FI prevalence in 20-to 30-year-old men suggests that FII developed in subjects that had FI.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Third, subjects with FII can be distinguished into two subgroups, one (67% of the FII subjects) with PV and SV diameters and spleen volumes comparable to those of FI subjects, and the other with measurements comparable to those in persons with FIII.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Third, subjects with FII can be distinguished into two subgroups, one (67% of the FII subjects) with PV and SV diameters and spleen volumes comparable to those of FI subjects, and the other with measurements comparable to those in persons with FIII.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This supports the view that FII is intermediate between FI and FIII.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This supports the view that FII is intermediate between FI and FIII.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "However, the proposed benefits of this kind of automation can be off-set when alarm systems do not function properly.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, the proposed benefits of this kind of automation can be off-set when alarm systems do not function properly.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "There are two different errors that can occur and have to be differentiated.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "There are two different errors that can occur and have to be differentiated.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The system can fail to alert the operator by missing critical events.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The system can fail to alert the operator by missing critical events.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "On the other hand, the system may alert an operator too often as not every alert corresponds to a critical event.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "On the other hand, the system may alert an operator too often as not every alert corresponds to a critical event.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In this case the alarm system would produce false alarms.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In this case the alarm system would produce false alarms (Swets, 1964; Green & Swets, 1966) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF14", "BIBREF3" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Swets, 1964; Green & Swets, 1966)" ] }, { "text": "Given these possible failures, operators' responses to alarms always imply a decision under uncertainty that is mainly based on their assessment how much they can rely on the alarm function.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Given these possible failures, operators' responses to alarms always imply a decision under uncertainty that is mainly based on their assessment how much they can rely on the alarm function.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "Early on, Kung identified the main strength of systolic arrays as ability to addressing the problem of the I/O bottleneck: \"Thus, a problem what was originally compute-bound can become I/O-bound during its execution.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Early on, Kung identified the main strength of systolic arrays as ability to addressing the problem of the I/O bottleneck: \"Thus, a problem what was originally compute-bound can become I/O-bound during its execution.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This unfortunate situation is the result of a mismatch between the computation and the architecture.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This unfortunate situation is the result of a mismatch between the computation and the architecture.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Systolic architectures, which ensure multiple computations per memory access, can speed up compute-bound computations without increasing I/O requirements\".", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Systolic architectures, which ensure multiple computations per memory access, can speed up compute-bound computations without increasing I/O requirements\" [41] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF43" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[41]" ] }, { "text": "Other valuable properties of systolic arrays include highly scalable parallelism, modularity, regularity, local interconnection, high degree of pipelining, and highly synchronized multiprocessing.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Other valuable properties of systolic arrays include highly scalable parallelism, modularity, regularity, local interconnection, high degree of pipelining, and highly synchronized multiprocessing.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "Congestion control and avoidance is critical.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Congestion control and avoidance is critical.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Packets can be dropped before reaching their destinations due to congestion, wasting all the resources consumed by them.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Packets can be dropped before reaching their destinations due to congestion, wasting all the resources consumed by them.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It is known that, in an extreme case, congestion collapse may happen causing users suffer severe network performance degradation.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "It is known that, in an extreme case, congestion collapse may happen causing users suffer severe network performance degradation [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "For congestion control and avoidance, AQM (Active Queue Management) has been investigated.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "For congestion control and avoidance, AQM (Active Queue Management) has been investigated.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Usually, AQM is implemented in gateways that can distinguish between the propagation delay and persistent queuing delay for effective congestion detection.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Usually, AQM is implemented in gateways that can distinguish between the propagation delay and persistent queuing delay for effective congestion detection.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "As a gateway is shared by many active connections with a wide range of round trip times, delay tolerances, and throughput requirements, decisions about the duration and magnitude of transient congestion to be allowed at the gateway are best made by the gateway itself.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "As a gateway is shared by many active connections with a wide range of round trip times, delay tolerances, and throughput requirements, decisions about the duration and magnitude of transient congestion to be allowed at the gateway are best made by the gateway itself.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "In the last decade, a tube voltage of 80 kVp has also been introduced for CTPA.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In the last decade, a tube voltage of 80 kVp has also been introduced for CTPA.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "One might apply low kVp at a constant iodine delivery rate solely for further reduction of radiation dose, which can reach 30-40 %, compared with 100 kVp protocols.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "One might apply low kVp at a constant iodine delivery rate solely for further reduction of radiation dose, which can reach 30-40 %, compared with 100 kVp protocols.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "A more interesting approach is to use the increased iodine attenuation at 80 kVp to reduce the volume of administered contrast material (CM) to the patient.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "A more interesting approach is to use the increased iodine attenuation at 80 kVp to reduce the volume of administered contrast material (CM) to the patient.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The combination of lower radiation dose and a reduced CM dose at 80 kVp CT angiography is potentially valuable, especially in younger patients and in elderly subjects with impaired renal function, not only for the lungs but also for other body regions.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The combination of lower radiation dose and a reduced CM dose at 80 kVp CT angiography is potentially valuable, especially in younger patients and in elderly subjects with impaired renal function, not only for the lungs but also for other body regions [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF5", "BIBREF6", "BIBREF7", "BIBREF8", "BIBREF9", "BIBREF10", "BIBREF11", "BIBREF12", "BIBREF13", "BIBREF14", "BIBREF15" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]" ] } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "We have considered properties of acoustic monochromatic fields in a homogeneous medium (fluid or gas).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We have considered properties of acoustic monochromatic fields in a homogeneous medium (fluid or gas).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "These are longitudinal waves described by one scalar (pressure) and one vector curl-free (velocity) fields.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "These are longitudinal waves described by one scalar (pressure) and one vector curl-free (velocity) fields.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "So far, mostly the energy density and energy flux were considered for these fields, and recently it was shown that inhomogeneous acoustic waves also possess a nonzero spin AM density.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "So far, mostly the energy density and energy flux were considered for these fields, and recently it was shown that inhomogeneous acoustic waves also possess a nonzero spin AM density [35] [36] [37] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF35", "BIBREF36", "BIBREF37" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[35] [36] [37]" ] }, { "text": "We have described the whole set of dynamical characteristics of acoustic wave fields, analogues to their electromagnetic counterparts, including canonical momentum, spin momentum, orbital AM, and helicity densities.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We have described the whole set of dynamical characteristics of acoustic wave fields, analogues to their electromagnetic counterparts, including canonical momentum, spin momentum, orbital AM, and helicity densities.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We have shown that the helicity density vanishes identically in acoustic fields, which reflects their non-chiral character.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We have shown that the helicity density vanishes identically in acoustic fields, which reflects their non-chiral character.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "At the same time, the spin AM density is generically non-zero (the velocity field can have an elliptical local polarization), but the integral spin AM for localized acoustic fields vanishes.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "At the same time, the spin AM density is generically non-zero (the velocity field can have an elliptical local polarization), but the integral spin AM for localized acoustic fields vanishes.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This is in agreement with the spin-0 nature of longitudinal phonons.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This is in agreement with the spin-0 nature of longitudinal phonons.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "In western Amazonia, the genus Xanthopimpla is currently represented by fi ve described species: X. amazonica sp. n. recorded in Peru, X. aurita ranging from Mexico south to Peru, X. craspedoptera ranging from Costa Rica south to Peru, X. jussilai sp. n. recorded in Ecuador, and X. peruana recorded in Ecuador and Peru.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In western Amazonia, the genus Xanthopimpla is currently represented by fi ve described species: X. amazonica sp. n. recorded in Peru, X. aurita ranging from Mexico south to Peru, X. craspedoptera ranging from Costa Rica south to Peru, X. jussilai sp. n. recorded in Ecuador, and X. peruana recorded in Ecuador and Peru (Townes 1969) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF18" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Townes 1969)" ] }, { "text": "Th e predominant species is X. aurita Krieger which is, besides e.g. Pimpla croceiventris (Cresson) and many undescribed species of Neotheronia Krieger, one of the most abundant pimpline species in our Peruvian Amazonian Malaise trap samples collected from the Departments of Loreto and Madre de Dios.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Th e predominant species is X. aurita Krieger which is, besides e.g. Pimpla croceiventris (Cresson) and many undescribed species of Neotheronia Krieger, one of the most abundant pimpline species in our Peruvian Amazonian Malaise trap samples collected from the Departments of Loreto and Madre de Dios.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Xanthopimpla craspedoptera Krieger is also present in samples collected from the Department of Loreto but it is much less common than X. aurita.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Xanthopimpla craspedoptera Krieger is also present in samples collected from the Department of Loreto but it is much less common than X. aurita.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We have also collected two apparently new species resembling X. aurita, but as they are represented by very few specimens we decided to refrain from describing these species in the present paper.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We have also collected two apparently new species resembling X. aurita, but as they are represented by very few specimens we decided to refrain from describing these species in the present paper.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We hope to fi nd more specimens of these species to better confi rm the relatively minor morphological diff erences.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We hope to fi nd more specimens of these species to better confi rm the relatively minor morphological diff erences.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Th e western Amazonian Xanthopimpla occur sympatrically with, for example, the very diverse genus Neotheronia, and many species of these genera seem to belong to the same mimicry complexes.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Th e western Amazonian Xanthopimpla occur sympatrically with, for example, the very diverse genus Neotheronia, and many species of these genera seem to belong to the same mimicry complexes.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Medicine" ]

[ { "text": "We have not measured plasma bile acid concentrations in the present study and it is possible that RYGB in the mouse does not result in similar increases of taurine-conjugated bile acids as reported for VSG.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "We have not measured plasma bile acid concentrations in the present study and it is possible that RYGB in the mouse does not result in similar increases of taurine-conjugated bile acids as reported for VSG [9] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF8" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[9]" ] }, { "text": "At 14 weeks after VSG, muricholic acids (α, β, and ω), particularly their taurine-conjugated forms as well as cholic acid and deoxycholic acid, showed the greatest increases compared to sham surgery.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "At 14 weeks after VSG, muricholic acids (α, β, and ω), particularly their taurine-conjugated forms as well as cholic acid and deoxycholic acid, showed the greatest increases compared to sham surgery [9] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF8" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[9]" ] }, { "text": "In a mouse model of RYGB, these bile acid species were only modestly and not significantly increased 8 weeks after RYGB under fasting conditions.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "In a mouse model of RYGB, these bile acid species were only modestly and not significantly increased 8 weeks after RYGB under fasting conditions [28] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF27" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[28]" ] }, { "text": "Therefore, it is possible that the failure of TGR5 deficiency to prevent the beneficial effects of RYGB in the mouse is due to a lack of increased bile acid concentrations.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, it is possible that the failure of TGR5 deficiency to prevent the beneficial effects of RYGB in the mouse is due to a lack of increased bile acid concentrations.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, this needs further investigation, as in most human studies, total serum bile acids are increased after RYGB.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, this needs further investigation, as in most human studies, total serum bile acids are increased after RYGB.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "It is into this problem space that we introduce the Ethnobot.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is into this problem space that we introduce the Ethnobot.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The Ethnobot is a chatbot, developed as a research tool to collect data for the Smart Transactions in Public Spaces (STiPS) project.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The Ethnobot is a chatbot, developed as a research tool to collect data for the Smart Transactions in Public Spaces (STiPS) project.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "STiPS is exploring how IoT technologies may facilitate new value exchanges taking place in public spaces, and anticipates a future in which IoT and digital ledger technologies will underpin systems that enable stakeholders in public spaces: consumers, visitors, vendors, producers, suppliers, sponsors and event organisers, to exchange value in new ways and form direct and transparent relationships with each other.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "STiPS is exploring how IoT technologies may facilitate new value exchanges taking place in public spaces, and anticipates a future in which IoT and digital ledger technologies will underpin systems that enable stakeholders in public spaces: consumers, visitors, vendors, producers, suppliers, sponsors and event organisers, to exchange value in new ways and form direct and transparent relationships with each other [41] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF54" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[41]" ] }, { "text": "To understand existing value transactions in public spaces this project must ideally examine the activities of a number of people on the go, transacting in space simultaneously.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "To understand existing value transactions in public spaces this project must ideally examine the activities of a number of people on the go, transacting in space simultaneously.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The Ethnobot was designed and deployed by ethnographers, and created to gather feedback on activities from study participants in situations where the presence of a human ethnographer is intrusive.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The Ethnobot was designed and deployed by ethnographers, and created to gather feedback on activities from study participants in situations where the presence of a human ethnographer is intrusive.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This paper reports on the results of the first deployment of this prototype Ethnobot, and discusses how chatbots may best be implemented as part of ethnographic data gathering.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This paper reports on the results of the first deployment of this prototype Ethnobot, and discusses how chatbots may best be implemented as part of ethnographic data gathering.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Computer Science" ]

[ { "text": "We have presented an experiment with two basic TE algorithms which establishes that the difficulty of the dataset is roughly comparable with the RTE-5 Search task testset.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We have presented an experiment with two basic TE algorithms which establishes that the difficulty of the dataset is roughly comparable with the RTE-5 Search task testset.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, both algorithms were essentially knowledge-free, and we will conduct experiments with more informed algorithms.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, both algorithms were essentially knowledge-free, and we will conduct experiments with more informed algorithms.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "We expect the inclusion of lexical entailment knowledge (such as hyponymy relations) to provide a clear benefit.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "We expect the inclusion of lexical entailment knowledge (such as hyponymy relations) to provide a clear benefit.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, the top systems on the RTE-5 Search-Task, where the best result was 46% F-Score (+13% F-Score over edit distance) crucially employed lexico-syntactic paraphrase knowledgeà la DIRT.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "However, the top systems on the RTE-5 Search-Task, where the best result was 46% F-Score (+13% F-Score over edit distance) crucially employed lexico-syntactic paraphrase knowledgeà la DIRT (Lin and Pantel, 2002) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF15" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Lin and Pantel, 2002)" ] }, { "text": "It remains to be seen how such syntax-based TE algorithms do on our dataset, where we expect parsing results to be substantially more noisy than for traditional RTE datasets.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It remains to be seen how such syntax-based TE algorithms do on our dataset, where we expect parsing results to be substantially more noisy than for traditional RTE datasets.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Economics" ]

[ { "text": "Although the univariate approach is purely statistical (by contrast to the structural modelling approach) and o¤ers indicators of trend unemployment that are consistently estimated across countries, they su¤er from a number of practical drawbacks).", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Although the univariate approach is purely statistical (by contrast to the structural modelling approach) and o¤ers indicators of trend unemployment that are consistently estimated across countries, they su¤er from a number of practical drawbacks (Richardson, Boone, Giorno, Meacci, Rae, and Turner (2000) ).", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF45" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Richardson, Boone, Giorno, Meacci, Rae, and Turner (2000)" ] }, { "text": "First, the estimated indicators are often not very well correlated with in ‡ation and are di¢ cult to extrapolate even in the short-term.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "First, the estimated indicators are often not very well correlated with in ‡ation and are di¢ cult to extrapolate even in the short-term.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Second, they tend to be least reliable at the end of the sample, that is precisely the period of most interest for policy issues.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Second, they tend to be least reliable at the end of the sample, that is precisely the period of most interest for policy issues.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Economics" ]

[ { "text": "This problem can be partially solved by adding forecasts at the end of the data sample.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This problem can be partially solved by adding forecasts at the end of the data sample.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Third, as most of the …lters behave like simple moving averages, they tend to perform poorly if a sudden change in the unemployment rate occurs.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Third, as most of the …lters behave like simple moving averages, they tend to perform poorly if a sudden change in the unemployment rate occurs.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "This problem has been tackled allowing for di¤erent means of the unemployment rate across the sample).", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "This problem has been tackled allowing for di¤erent means of the unemployment rate across the sample (Staiger, Stock, and Watson (1997) ).", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF48" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Staiger, Stock, and Watson (1997)" ] }, { "text": "Finally, it is di¢ cult to judge the degree of precision of the results.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Finally, it is di¢ cult to judge the degree of precision of the results.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In order to overcome these problems, in this paper we use more sophisticated estimation techniques that help us to allow for structural changes and measure the statistical uncertainty surrounding the NAIRU estimates, calculating con…dence intervals.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In order to overcome these problems, in this paper we use more sophisticated estimation techniques that help us to allow for structural changes and measure the statistical uncertainty surrounding the NAIRU estimates, calculating con…dence intervals.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Mathematics" ]

[ { "text": "Comparisons between FDTD and several effective medium methods for both dilute and dense case are shown in Fig. 5 .", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Comparisons between FDTD and several effective medium methods for both dilute and dense case are shown in Fig. 5 .", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The powerlaw series are closest to the FDTD results both in the dilute and dense case.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The powerlaw series are closest to the FDTD results both in the dilute and dense case.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "MG and BF method have the same result in dilute case but far from the others in spherical case.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "MG and BF method have the same result in dilute case but far from the others in spherical case.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, for the dense cylindrical case, MG and BF have closer predictions.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, for the dense cylindrical case, MG and BF have closer predictions.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It seems that both MG and BF methods are unstable with respect to scatterer's density and geometry, which has also been suggested in other literatures too.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "It seems that both MG and BF methods are unstable with respect to scatterer's density and geometry, which has also been suggested in other literatures too [23] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF22" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[23]" ] }, { "text": "Power-law is more suitable in these cases.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Power-law is more suitable in these cases.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "The aim of our study was to determine the thermal window and acid-base regulation capacity of M. edulis from the White Sea and investigate the effects of ocean acidification under realistic CO 2 scenarios, for comparison with the respective findings in mussels from the North Sea.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The aim of our study was to determine the thermal window and acid-base regulation capacity of M. edulis from the White Sea and investigate the effects of ocean acidification under realistic CO 2 scenarios, for comparison with the respective findings in mussels from the North Sea (Zittier et al. 2015) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF75" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Zittier et al. 2015)" ] }, { "text": "It is hypothesised that the sub-Arctic population has a reduced tolerance to warming and elevated CO 2 levels when compared to temperate conspecifics.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is hypothesised that the sub-Arctic population has a reduced tolerance to warming and elevated CO 2 levels when compared to temperate conspecifics.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Mussels were incubated at oceanic control (390 µatm) CO 2 levels and those projected for the end of century (1120 µatm), for two weeks before exposure to acute warming.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Mussels were incubated at oceanic control (390 µatm) CO 2 levels and those projected for the end of century (1120 µatm), for two weeks before exposure to acute warming.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Oxygen consumption, acid-base status of haemolymph and extrapallial fluid as well as intracellular pH and anaerobic metabolite accumulation in mantle tissue were investigated.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Oxygen consumption, acid-base status of haemolymph and extrapallial fluid as well as intracellular pH and anaerobic metabolite accumulation in mantle tissue were investigated.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "It is possible to change the capacity of network depending on inquiries of users by change of parameters of spectral channels.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is possible to change the capacity of network depending on inquiries of users by change of parameters of spectral channels.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Use of modern technologies allows to multiplex channels with an interval at the level of nanometer.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Use of modern technologies allows to multiplex channels with an interval at the level of nanometer.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It is possible even to realize multiplexing on sub nanometer range, but at the same time more great demands are placed on components.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It is possible even to realize multiplexing on sub nanometer range, but at the same time more great demands are placed on components.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Multiplexing 8, 16, 32 or more spectral channels with a small channel interval is called dense multiplexing on DWDM wavelength.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Multiplexing 8, 16, 32 or more spectral channels with a small channel interval is called dense multiplexing on DWDM wavelength.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The G.692 ITU-T standard suggests to take the frequency of 193,1 TGts (the corresponding wavelength 1552,52nm) as an absolute standard, other frequencies of spectral channels undertake with an interval of multiple 100 GHz (the corresponding difference of lengths of waves multiply of 0,8 nanometers).", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The G.692 ITU-T standard suggests to take the frequency of 193,1 TGts (the corresponding wavelength 1552,52nm) as an absolute standard, other frequencies of spectral channels undertake with an interval of multiple 100 GHz (the corresponding difference of lengths of waves multiply of 0,8 nanometers) [2] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2]" ] }, { "text": "DWDM not only considerably increases the capacity of network and more fully uses the bandwidth of optical fiber, but also has a set of advantages, such as light expansibility and reliability of operation, especially to them should note a possibility of direct connection of various services and granting a wide strip.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "DWDM not only considerably increases the capacity of network and more fully uses the bandwidth of optical fiber, but also has a set of advantages, such as light expansibility and reliability of operation, especially to them should note a possibility of direct connection of various services and granting a wide strip.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Physics" ]

[ { "text": "One of technologies of the transport network of telecommunications providing high capacity is the fiber-optical system of transfer with a wave division of wavelength division multiplexing channels (WDM).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "One of technologies of the transport network of telecommunications providing high capacity is the fiber-optical system of transfer with a wave division of wavelength division multiplexing channels (WDM).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Essence of technology of wave division of channels are in what on fiber can be transferred at the same time a little bearing with different wavelength, this technology divides suitable for transfer on fiber of length of waves into several ranges.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Essence of technology of wave division of channels are in what on fiber can be transferred at the same time a little bearing with different wavelength, this technology divides suitable for transfer on fiber of length of waves into several ranges.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In each range the optical signal on the set wavelength is transmitted and these channels are independent.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In each range the optical signal on the set wavelength is transmitted and these channels are independent.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "WDM uses for signal transmission with different speeds a wide strip of singlemode fiber in the area with small losses.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "WDM uses for signal transmission with different speeds a wide strip of singlemode fiber in the area with small losses.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The digital signal transmitted by different spectral channels can be as with identical speeds and protocols, and different.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The digital signal transmitted by different spectral channels can be as with identical speeds and protocols, and different.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Each channel can provide about directed and opposing signaling on one fiber.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Each channel can provide about directed and opposing signaling on one fiber.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The grid of frequencies for WDM is established in the range of frequencies from 184,5 TGts up to 195,9375 TGts, with a step of the frequencies of 12,5 GHz, 25 GHz, 50 GHz, 100 GHz and more than.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The grid of frequencies for WDM is established in the range of frequencies from 184,5 TGts up to 195,9375 TGts, with a step of the frequencies of 12,5 GHz, 25 GHz, 50 GHz, 100 GHz and more than [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] } ]

[ "Economics" ]

[ { "text": "The survey was conducted in two quarries of around the same age (early mining in the 30s of the 20 th century).", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The survey was conducted in two quarries of around the same age (early mining in the 30s of the 20 th century).", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The fi rst one was a limestone quarry Lesní lom which is located approximately 1 km away from the northern edge of the city district of BrnoLíšeň (49°13'24.662\"N, 16°41'41.494\"E), faunistic square 6766.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The fi rst one was a limestone quarry Lesní lom which is located approximately 1 km away from the northern edge of the city district of BrnoLíšeň (49°13'24.662\"N, 16°41'41.494\"E), faunistic square 6766 (Pruner & Míka, 1996) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF17" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Pruner & Míka, 1996)" ] }, { "text": "The location is situated at an altitude of 360 m.a.s.l.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The location is situated at an altitude of 360 m.a.s.l.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "At the time of research, the quarry had been closed and no mining or reclamation activities had taken place here for 15 years.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "At the time of research, the quarry had been closed and no mining or reclamation activities had taken place here for 15 years.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The second fi eld of study was a limestone quarry of Malá dohoda which is located in a protected landscape area in the northern part of Moravian Karst, 2 km to the north from Ostrov u Macochy and 1 km to the southwest from the village of Holštejn (49°24'0.881\"N, 16°46'5.815\"E), faunistic square 6666.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The second fi eld of study was a limestone quarry of Malá dohoda which is located in a protected landscape area in the northern part of Moravian Karst, 2 km to the north from Ostrov u Macochy and 1 km to the southwest from the village of Holštejn (49°24'0.881\"N, 16°46'5.815\"E), faunistic square 6666 (Pruner & Míka, 1996) .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF17" ] ], "citation_text": [ "(Pruner & Míka, 1996)" ] }, { "text": "The location is situated at an altitude of 500 m.a.s.l.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The location is situated at an altitude of 500 m.a.s.l.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "At the time of the research, the quarry was active and mining was going on here.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "At the time of the research, the quarry was active and mining was going on here.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Engineering" ]

[ { "text": "Contactors have an essential place in the field of electrical devices; they are used when insulation between the control and power parts is needed.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Contactors have an essential place in the field of electrical devices; they are used when insulation between the control and power parts is needed.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "The process of the contact bounce after the movable contacts first touch the fixed contacts could be repeated several times before they reach a permanent state of contact.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "The process of the contact bounce after the movable contacts first touch the fixed contacts could be repeated several times before they reach a permanent state of contact.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Contactors bouncing phenomenon during the closing process is commonly an undesirable event.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Contactors bouncing phenomenon during the closing process is commonly an undesirable event [1] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF0" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[1]" ] }, { "text": "Especially, the lifespan and reliability of contactor depend upon the ability of their contacts to diffuse the acing heat produced during closing and opening operations.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Especially, the lifespan and reliability of contactor depend upon the ability of their contacts to diffuse the acing heat produced during closing and opening operations [2, 3] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF1", "BIBREF2" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[2, 3]" ] } ]

[ "Biology" ]

[ { "text": "Some regulators and factors including SirA, BarA, and RcsC/B influence expression of flagellar genes by regulating FlhDC, which is the global regulator of flagellar and motility-related chemotaxis genes in E. coli and Salmonella.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Some regulators and factors including SirA, BarA, and RcsC/B influence expression of flagellar genes by regulating FlhDC, which is the global regulator of flagellar and motility-related chemotaxis genes in E. coli and Salmonella [30] [31] [32] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF29", "BIBREF30", "BIBREF31" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[30] [31] [32]" ] }, { "text": "Sigma factor FliA and anti-sigma factor FlgM form the FliAFlgM regulatory system in response to FlhDC and can regulate expression of most class-3 flagellar genes.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Sigma factor FliA and anti-sigma factor FlgM form the FliAFlgM regulatory system in response to FlhDC and can regulate expression of most class-3 flagellar genes [21, 33, 34] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF20", "BIBREF32", "BIBREF33" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[21, 33, 34]" ] }, { "text": "The expression of flagella-related genes is also affected by environmental factors, such as osmotic or acid stress.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "The expression of flagella-related genes is also affected by environmental factors, such as osmotic or acid stress [35, 36] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF34", "BIBREF35" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[35, 36]" ] }, { "text": "Our present microarray analysis revealed that expression of fliA and most other class-2 flagellar and chemotaxis genes in regions Ι and ΙΙΙ is repressed immediately after the onset of osmotic stress.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Our present microarray analysis revealed that expression of fliA and most other class-2 flagellar and chemotaxis genes in regions Ι and ΙΙΙ is repressed immediately after the onset of osmotic stress.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "At 120 minutes after the up-shift, expression levels of most flagellar genes, including flhC and fliA, have return to those at low osmolarity before the stress.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "At 120 minutes after the up-shift, expression levels of most flagellar genes, including flhC and fliA, have return to those at low osmolarity before the stress.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "However, expression of most flagellar and chemotaxis genesis is elevated slightly under sustained hyperosmotic conditions.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "However, expression of most flagellar and chemotaxis genesis is elevated slightly under sustained hyperosmotic conditions.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "It appears that S. enterica serovar Typhi gradually adapts to hyperosmotic conditions and recovers the motility at 120 min after the high osmotic stress.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "It appears that S. enterica serovar Typhi gradually adapts to hyperosmotic conditions and recovers the motility at 120 min after the high osmotic stress.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]

[ "Economics" ]

[ { "text": "Usually companies and institutions develop new ideas and value creation through their existing business models, investing extensive resources in research activities, and the results they reach are often not so satisfactory if they do not invest any effort in changing the business models, through which new ideas and technologies will pass.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Usually companies and institutions develop new ideas and value creation through their existing business models, investing extensive resources in research activities, and the results they reach are often not so satisfactory if they do not invest any effort in changing the business models, through which new ideas and technologies will pass.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Indeed, the same idea or technology that passes through different BMs can lead to different results.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "Indeed, the same idea or technology that passes through different BMs can lead to different results.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "Therefore, it might be appropriate for companies and institutions to develop the capability to innovate their BMs.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "Therefore, it might be appropriate for companies and institutions to develop the capability to innovate their BMs [13] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF12" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[13]" ] } ]

[ "Economics" ]

[ { "text": "A certain part of the literature on BMI has emphasized the importance of the innovation in terms of a firm's success, while a new literature strand has investigated the relevance of the BMI in terms of sustainability, considering the consequences of BMI in terms of corporate social and environmental impact.", "label": "check-worthy", "original_text": "A certain part of the literature on BMI has emphasized the importance of the innovation in terms of a firm's success, while a new literature strand has investigated the relevance of the BMI in terms of sustainability, considering the consequences of BMI in terms of corporate social and environmental impact [12] .", "ref_ids": [ [ "BIBREF11" ] ], "citation_text": [ "[12]" ] }, { "text": "This means that an innovative and sustainable BM should try to align the firms' profitability with economic and non-economic benefits for society and the local community.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "This means that an innovative and sustainable BM should try to align the firms' profitability with economic and non-economic benefits for society and the local community.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In our work, agritourism is interpreted as a BMI aimed at generating sustainability.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In our work, agritourism is interpreted as a BMI aimed at generating sustainability.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null }, { "text": "In these terms, if agritourism is meant as a BMI towards sustainability, it is important to study this phenomenon through the BM's key success factors.", "label": "non-check-worthy", "original_text": "In these terms, if agritourism is meant as a BMI towards sustainability, it is important to study this phenomenon through the BM's key success factors.", "ref_ids": null, "citation_text": null } ]