text
stringlengths 272
211k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 11
values | url
stringlengths 19
1.52k
| file_path
stringlengths 125
142
| language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 56
59.3k
| score
float64 2.52
4.84
| int_score
int64 3
5
| sentenceid
stringlengths 49
52
| sentencetext
stringlengths 40
500
| num_chars
int32 40
500
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image Area: The portion of the paper in which
ink or toner appears.
Image Resolution: The fineness or coarseness
of an image as it was digitized, measured as dots-per-inch.
Imagesetter: An imaging device specially
applied to create type an graphics. Uses raster or vector
techniques to expose photographic paper, film, or plate material.
Imposition: Laying out of pages in a press
form so that they will be in the correct order after the printed
sheet is folded. This printed sheet is called a signature.
Imprint: To print or image additional copy to
a piece that has already been imaged.
Independent Graphic: A graphic placed in a
publication that is not tied to the text surrounding it.
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network. A
high-bandwidth communications service.
ISP: Internet Service Provider. An
organization that provides internet access to a consumer. | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://outwestprinting.com/glossary/i.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645824.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318145821-20180318165821-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.9181 | 202 | 2.96875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41>_1 | Image Resolution: The fineness or coarseness
of an image as it was digitized, measured as dots-per-inch. | 104 |
Image Area: The portion of the paper in which
ink or toner appears.
Image Resolution: The fineness or coarseness
of an image as it was digitized, measured as dots-per-inch.
Imagesetter: An imaging device specially
applied to create type an graphics. Uses raster or vector
techniques to expose photographic paper, film, or plate material.
Imposition: Laying out of pages in a press
form so that they will be in the correct order after the printed
sheet is folded. This printed sheet is called a signature.
Imprint: To print or image additional copy to
a piece that has already been imaged.
Independent Graphic: A graphic placed in a
publication that is not tied to the text surrounding it.
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network. A
high-bandwidth communications service.
ISP: Internet Service Provider. An
organization that provides internet access to a consumer. | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://outwestprinting.com/glossary/i.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645824.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318145821-20180318165821-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.9181 | 202 | 2.96875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41>_2 | Imagesetter: An imaging device specially
applied to create type an graphics. | 76 |
Image Area: The portion of the paper in which
ink or toner appears.
Image Resolution: The fineness or coarseness
of an image as it was digitized, measured as dots-per-inch.
Imagesetter: An imaging device specially
applied to create type an graphics. Uses raster or vector
techniques to expose photographic paper, film, or plate material.
Imposition: Laying out of pages in a press
form so that they will be in the correct order after the printed
sheet is folded. This printed sheet is called a signature.
Imprint: To print or image additional copy to
a piece that has already been imaged.
Independent Graphic: A graphic placed in a
publication that is not tied to the text surrounding it.
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network. A
high-bandwidth communications service.
ISP: Internet Service Provider. An
organization that provides internet access to a consumer. | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://outwestprinting.com/glossary/i.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645824.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318145821-20180318165821-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.9181 | 202 | 2.96875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41>_3 | Uses raster or vector
techniques to expose photographic paper, film, or plate material. | 87 |
Image Area: The portion of the paper in which
ink or toner appears.
Image Resolution: The fineness or coarseness
of an image as it was digitized, measured as dots-per-inch.
Imagesetter: An imaging device specially
applied to create type an graphics. Uses raster or vector
techniques to expose photographic paper, film, or plate material.
Imposition: Laying out of pages in a press
form so that they will be in the correct order after the printed
sheet is folded. This printed sheet is called a signature.
Imprint: To print or image additional copy to
a piece that has already been imaged.
Independent Graphic: A graphic placed in a
publication that is not tied to the text surrounding it.
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network. A
high-bandwidth communications service.
ISP: Internet Service Provider. An
organization that provides internet access to a consumer. | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://outwestprinting.com/glossary/i.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645824.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318145821-20180318165821-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.9181 | 202 | 2.96875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41>_4 | Imposition: Laying out of pages in a press
form so that they will be in the correct order after the printed
sheet is folded. | 124 |
Image Area: The portion of the paper in which
ink or toner appears.
Image Resolution: The fineness or coarseness
of an image as it was digitized, measured as dots-per-inch.
Imagesetter: An imaging device specially
applied to create type an graphics. Uses raster or vector
techniques to expose photographic paper, film, or plate material.
Imposition: Laying out of pages in a press
form so that they will be in the correct order after the printed
sheet is folded. This printed sheet is called a signature.
Imprint: To print or image additional copy to
a piece that has already been imaged.
Independent Graphic: A graphic placed in a
publication that is not tied to the text surrounding it.
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network. A
high-bandwidth communications service.
ISP: Internet Service Provider. An
organization that provides internet access to a consumer. | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://outwestprinting.com/glossary/i.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645824.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318145821-20180318165821-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.9181 | 202 | 2.96875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41>_5 | This printed sheet is called a signature. | 41 |
Image Area: The portion of the paper in which
ink or toner appears.
Image Resolution: The fineness or coarseness
of an image as it was digitized, measured as dots-per-inch.
Imagesetter: An imaging device specially
applied to create type an graphics. Uses raster or vector
techniques to expose photographic paper, film, or plate material.
Imposition: Laying out of pages in a press
form so that they will be in the correct order after the printed
sheet is folded. This printed sheet is called a signature.
Imprint: To print or image additional copy to
a piece that has already been imaged.
Independent Graphic: A graphic placed in a
publication that is not tied to the text surrounding it.
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network. A
high-bandwidth communications service.
ISP: Internet Service Provider. An
organization that provides internet access to a consumer. | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://outwestprinting.com/glossary/i.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645824.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318145821-20180318165821-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.9181 | 202 | 2.96875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41>_6 | Imprint: To print or image additional copy to
a piece that has already been imaged. | 83 |
Image Area: The portion of the paper in which
ink or toner appears.
Image Resolution: The fineness or coarseness
of an image as it was digitized, measured as dots-per-inch.
Imagesetter: An imaging device specially
applied to create type an graphics. Uses raster or vector
techniques to expose photographic paper, film, or plate material.
Imposition: Laying out of pages in a press
form so that they will be in the correct order after the printed
sheet is folded. This printed sheet is called a signature.
Imprint: To print or image additional copy to
a piece that has already been imaged.
Independent Graphic: A graphic placed in a
publication that is not tied to the text surrounding it.
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network. A
high-bandwidth communications service.
ISP: Internet Service Provider. An
organization that provides internet access to a consumer. | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://outwestprinting.com/glossary/i.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645824.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318145821-20180318165821-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.9181 | 202 | 2.96875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41>_7 | Independent Graphic: A graphic placed in a
publication that is not tied to the text surrounding it. | 99 |
Image Area: The portion of the paper in which
ink or toner appears.
Image Resolution: The fineness or coarseness
of an image as it was digitized, measured as dots-per-inch.
Imagesetter: An imaging device specially
applied to create type an graphics. Uses raster or vector
techniques to expose photographic paper, film, or plate material.
Imposition: Laying out of pages in a press
form so that they will be in the correct order after the printed
sheet is folded. This printed sheet is called a signature.
Imprint: To print or image additional copy to
a piece that has already been imaged.
Independent Graphic: A graphic placed in a
publication that is not tied to the text surrounding it.
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network. A
high-bandwidth communications service.
ISP: Internet Service Provider. An
organization that provides internet access to a consumer. | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://outwestprinting.com/glossary/i.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645824.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318145821-20180318165821-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.9181 | 202 | 2.96875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41>_8 | ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network. | 42 |
Image Area: The portion of the paper in which
ink or toner appears.
Image Resolution: The fineness or coarseness
of an image as it was digitized, measured as dots-per-inch.
Imagesetter: An imaging device specially
applied to create type an graphics. Uses raster or vector
techniques to expose photographic paper, film, or plate material.
Imposition: Laying out of pages in a press
form so that they will be in the correct order after the printed
sheet is folded. This printed sheet is called a signature.
Imprint: To print or image additional copy to
a piece that has already been imaged.
Independent Graphic: A graphic placed in a
publication that is not tied to the text surrounding it.
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network. A
high-bandwidth communications service.
ISP: Internet Service Provider. An
organization that provides internet access to a consumer. | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://outwestprinting.com/glossary/i.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645824.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318145821-20180318165821-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.9181 | 202 | 2.96875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41>_9 | A
high-bandwidth communications service. | 40 |
Image Area: The portion of the paper in which
ink or toner appears.
Image Resolution: The fineness or coarseness
of an image as it was digitized, measured as dots-per-inch.
Imagesetter: An imaging device specially
applied to create type an graphics. Uses raster or vector
techniques to expose photographic paper, film, or plate material.
Imposition: Laying out of pages in a press
form so that they will be in the correct order after the printed
sheet is folded. This printed sheet is called a signature.
Imprint: To print or image additional copy to
a piece that has already been imaged.
Independent Graphic: A graphic placed in a
publication that is not tied to the text surrounding it.
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network. A
high-bandwidth communications service.
ISP: Internet Service Provider. An
organization that provides internet access to a consumer. | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://outwestprinting.com/glossary/i.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645824.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318145821-20180318165821-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.9181 | 202 | 2.96875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:a630f96e-002e-45d8-8c6a-825e37e1dc41>_11 | An
organization that provides internet access to a consumer. | 60 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_0 | Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country. | 142 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_1 | Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack. | 206 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_2 | those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks. | 162 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_3 | How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children? | 94 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_4 | Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms. | 108 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_5 | Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence. | 107 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_6 | Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions. | 135 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_7 | A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood. | 162 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_8 | > Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED. | 140 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_9 | The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism. | 167 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_10 | This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes. | 88 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_11 | It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%. | 141 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_12 | The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins. | 260 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_13 | The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical. | 102 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_14 | When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence. | 117 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_15 | At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans. | 97 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_16 | In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago. | 156 |
Immediately after the attack on the World Trade Centre that day, psychologists predicted that a wave of trauma would sweep across the country.
Although this prediction turned out to be wrong, it is estimated that some 530,000 New York City residents suffered from symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the months following the attack.
those with the largest distress response were the ones born to mothers who were in their second or third trimester when exposed to the World Trade Centre attacks.
How might the traumatic experiences of a pregnant woman be transmitted to her unborn children?
Research published over the past 10 years or so suggests that this probably occurs by epigenetic mechanisms.
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene activity that are not due to changes in DNA sequence.
Epigenetics reveals how genes interact with environmental factors, and has been implicated in many normal and abnormal brain functions.
A key study in this emerging field, published in 2004, showed that the quality of a rat mother's care significantly affects how its offspring behave in adulthood.
> Simply said, our build, our characteristics are function not only, not simply of genes collection, but also, of a WAY genes are EXPRESSED.
The same genes collection will be expressed differently, through regulation system of genes expresssion, a very delicate, little understood and very complex mechanism.
This makes us all little different, even though we have the same - human - set of genes.
It is a known fact that a genes collection - a genome - of humans and animals, say chimpanzee, and even a fly, is astonishingly similar, 96%.
The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence,
the chimp and human genomes are very similar and encode very similar proteins.
The DNA sequence that can be directly compared between the two genomes is almost 99 percent identical.
When DNA insertions and deletions are taken into account, humans and chimps still share 96 percent of their sequence.
At the protein level, 29 percent of genes code for the same amino sequences in chimps and humans.
In fact, the typical human protein has accumulated just one unique change since chimps and humans diverged from a common ancestor about 6 million years ago.
Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://worldnewsrecord.blogspot.com/2011/09/pregnant-911-survivors-transmitted.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.943839 | 514 | 3.515625 | 4 | <urn:uuid:9796aba5-b8ea-4bd6-82e4-a6ea4e4066c3>_17 | Although fruit flies have a genome that is 25 times smaller than the human genome, many of the flies' genes correspond to those in humans and control the same biological functions. | 180 |
Dr Ralph Holz, lecturer in Networks and Security at the University of Sydney’s School of Information Technologies and co-appointed researcher at Data61 a premier innovation network, says experts have suspected weaknesses in email cryptographic setups and authentication for some time but there has been no hard evidence to support these suspicions.
While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist
The research team conducted active scans of the entire Internet, testing the setups of mail and chat servers before analysing the passive Internet traffic of more than 50,000 users in the United States in more than 16 million encrypted connections.
Results of their study revealing how emails can be poorly protected when in transit will be presented at the Internet Society's Network and Distributed System Security Symposium in San Diego next week.
Dr Holz, a specialist in internet communication and co-appointed researcher at Data61, a premier innovation network, said:
“We investigated both the client-to-server interactions as well as server-to-server forwarding mechanisms. These can be configured in a number of ways, but these many combinations are leading to insecure deployments.
“We ran continuous scans of the Internet’s most important security protocols and applications to detect deployment patterns that open systems to attacks.
“While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist.
“One of the largest problems identified in the analysis is the lack of support for encryption - less than half of the mail servers supported even basic encrypted communication, and 17 percent used insecure cryptography.
“Only a third of mail servers can prove their identity securely; this means that a sending party often cannot determine whether an email is going to reach the right receiver or will be intercepted at some point,” Dr Holz says.
The researchers will offer several recommendations based on their analysis to help change the status quo, which include providing more measurements and urging software makers to use sane default configurations.
University of Sydney researchers worked with a group which included members from Data61 (Australia), ICSI (USA), and the Technical University of Munich (Germany). | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/02/19/how-secure-are-your-emails--security-lost-in-transition-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.940072 | 463 | 2.71875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0>_0 | Dr Ralph Holz, lecturer in Networks and Security at the University of Sydney’s School of Information Technologies and co-appointed researcher at Data61 a premier innovation network, says experts have suspected weaknesses in email cryptographic setups and authentication for some time but there has been no hard evidence to support these suspicions. | 348 |
Dr Ralph Holz, lecturer in Networks and Security at the University of Sydney’s School of Information Technologies and co-appointed researcher at Data61 a premier innovation network, says experts have suspected weaknesses in email cryptographic setups and authentication for some time but there has been no hard evidence to support these suspicions.
While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist
The research team conducted active scans of the entire Internet, testing the setups of mail and chat servers before analysing the passive Internet traffic of more than 50,000 users in the United States in more than 16 million encrypted connections.
Results of their study revealing how emails can be poorly protected when in transit will be presented at the Internet Society's Network and Distributed System Security Symposium in San Diego next week.
Dr Holz, a specialist in internet communication and co-appointed researcher at Data61, a premier innovation network, said:
“We investigated both the client-to-server interactions as well as server-to-server forwarding mechanisms. These can be configured in a number of ways, but these many combinations are leading to insecure deployments.
“We ran continuous scans of the Internet’s most important security protocols and applications to detect deployment patterns that open systems to attacks.
“While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist.
“One of the largest problems identified in the analysis is the lack of support for encryption - less than half of the mail servers supported even basic encrypted communication, and 17 percent used insecure cryptography.
“Only a third of mail servers can prove their identity securely; this means that a sending party often cannot determine whether an email is going to reach the right receiver or will be intercepted at some point,” Dr Holz says.
The researchers will offer several recommendations based on their analysis to help change the status quo, which include providing more measurements and urging software makers to use sane default configurations.
University of Sydney researchers worked with a group which included members from Data61 (Australia), ICSI (USA), and the Technical University of Munich (Germany). | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/02/19/how-secure-are-your-emails--security-lost-in-transition-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.940072 | 463 | 2.71875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0>_1 | While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist
The research team conducted active scans of the entire Internet, testing the setups of mail and chat servers before analysing the passive Internet traffic of more than 50,000 users in the United States in more than 16 million encrypted connections. | 416 |
Dr Ralph Holz, lecturer in Networks and Security at the University of Sydney’s School of Information Technologies and co-appointed researcher at Data61 a premier innovation network, says experts have suspected weaknesses in email cryptographic setups and authentication for some time but there has been no hard evidence to support these suspicions.
While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist
The research team conducted active scans of the entire Internet, testing the setups of mail and chat servers before analysing the passive Internet traffic of more than 50,000 users in the United States in more than 16 million encrypted connections.
Results of their study revealing how emails can be poorly protected when in transit will be presented at the Internet Society's Network and Distributed System Security Symposium in San Diego next week.
Dr Holz, a specialist in internet communication and co-appointed researcher at Data61, a premier innovation network, said:
“We investigated both the client-to-server interactions as well as server-to-server forwarding mechanisms. These can be configured in a number of ways, but these many combinations are leading to insecure deployments.
“We ran continuous scans of the Internet’s most important security protocols and applications to detect deployment patterns that open systems to attacks.
“While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist.
“One of the largest problems identified in the analysis is the lack of support for encryption - less than half of the mail servers supported even basic encrypted communication, and 17 percent used insecure cryptography.
“Only a third of mail servers can prove their identity securely; this means that a sending party often cannot determine whether an email is going to reach the right receiver or will be intercepted at some point,” Dr Holz says.
The researchers will offer several recommendations based on their analysis to help change the status quo, which include providing more measurements and urging software makers to use sane default configurations.
University of Sydney researchers worked with a group which included members from Data61 (Australia), ICSI (USA), and the Technical University of Munich (Germany). | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/02/19/how-secure-are-your-emails--security-lost-in-transition-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.940072 | 463 | 2.71875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0>_2 | Results of their study revealing how emails can be poorly protected when in transit will be presented at the Internet Society's Network and Distributed System Security Symposium in San Diego next week. | 201 |
Dr Ralph Holz, lecturer in Networks and Security at the University of Sydney’s School of Information Technologies and co-appointed researcher at Data61 a premier innovation network, says experts have suspected weaknesses in email cryptographic setups and authentication for some time but there has been no hard evidence to support these suspicions.
While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist
The research team conducted active scans of the entire Internet, testing the setups of mail and chat servers before analysing the passive Internet traffic of more than 50,000 users in the United States in more than 16 million encrypted connections.
Results of their study revealing how emails can be poorly protected when in transit will be presented at the Internet Society's Network and Distributed System Security Symposium in San Diego next week.
Dr Holz, a specialist in internet communication and co-appointed researcher at Data61, a premier innovation network, said:
“We investigated both the client-to-server interactions as well as server-to-server forwarding mechanisms. These can be configured in a number of ways, but these many combinations are leading to insecure deployments.
“We ran continuous scans of the Internet’s most important security protocols and applications to detect deployment patterns that open systems to attacks.
“While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist.
“One of the largest problems identified in the analysis is the lack of support for encryption - less than half of the mail servers supported even basic encrypted communication, and 17 percent used insecure cryptography.
“Only a third of mail servers can prove their identity securely; this means that a sending party often cannot determine whether an email is going to reach the right receiver or will be intercepted at some point,” Dr Holz says.
The researchers will offer several recommendations based on their analysis to help change the status quo, which include providing more measurements and urging software makers to use sane default configurations.
University of Sydney researchers worked with a group which included members from Data61 (Australia), ICSI (USA), and the Technical University of Munich (Germany). | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/02/19/how-secure-are-your-emails--security-lost-in-transition-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.940072 | 463 | 2.71875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0>_3 | Dr Holz, a specialist in internet communication and co-appointed researcher at Data61, a premier innovation network, said:
“We investigated both the client-to-server interactions as well as server-to-server forwarding mechanisms. | 229 |
Dr Ralph Holz, lecturer in Networks and Security at the University of Sydney’s School of Information Technologies and co-appointed researcher at Data61 a premier innovation network, says experts have suspected weaknesses in email cryptographic setups and authentication for some time but there has been no hard evidence to support these suspicions.
While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist
The research team conducted active scans of the entire Internet, testing the setups of mail and chat servers before analysing the passive Internet traffic of more than 50,000 users in the United States in more than 16 million encrypted connections.
Results of their study revealing how emails can be poorly protected when in transit will be presented at the Internet Society's Network and Distributed System Security Symposium in San Diego next week.
Dr Holz, a specialist in internet communication and co-appointed researcher at Data61, a premier innovation network, said:
“We investigated both the client-to-server interactions as well as server-to-server forwarding mechanisms. These can be configured in a number of ways, but these many combinations are leading to insecure deployments.
“We ran continuous scans of the Internet’s most important security protocols and applications to detect deployment patterns that open systems to attacks.
“While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist.
“One of the largest problems identified in the analysis is the lack of support for encryption - less than half of the mail servers supported even basic encrypted communication, and 17 percent used insecure cryptography.
“Only a third of mail servers can prove their identity securely; this means that a sending party often cannot determine whether an email is going to reach the right receiver or will be intercepted at some point,” Dr Holz says.
The researchers will offer several recommendations based on their analysis to help change the status quo, which include providing more measurements and urging software makers to use sane default configurations.
University of Sydney researchers worked with a group which included members from Data61 (Australia), ICSI (USA), and the Technical University of Munich (Germany). | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/02/19/how-secure-are-your-emails--security-lost-in-transition-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.940072 | 463 | 2.71875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0>_4 | These can be configured in a number of ways, but these many combinations are leading to insecure deployments. | 109 |
Dr Ralph Holz, lecturer in Networks and Security at the University of Sydney’s School of Information Technologies and co-appointed researcher at Data61 a premier innovation network, says experts have suspected weaknesses in email cryptographic setups and authentication for some time but there has been no hard evidence to support these suspicions.
While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist
The research team conducted active scans of the entire Internet, testing the setups of mail and chat servers before analysing the passive Internet traffic of more than 50,000 users in the United States in more than 16 million encrypted connections.
Results of their study revealing how emails can be poorly protected when in transit will be presented at the Internet Society's Network and Distributed System Security Symposium in San Diego next week.
Dr Holz, a specialist in internet communication and co-appointed researcher at Data61, a premier innovation network, said:
“We investigated both the client-to-server interactions as well as server-to-server forwarding mechanisms. These can be configured in a number of ways, but these many combinations are leading to insecure deployments.
“We ran continuous scans of the Internet’s most important security protocols and applications to detect deployment patterns that open systems to attacks.
“While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist.
“One of the largest problems identified in the analysis is the lack of support for encryption - less than half of the mail servers supported even basic encrypted communication, and 17 percent used insecure cryptography.
“Only a third of mail servers can prove their identity securely; this means that a sending party often cannot determine whether an email is going to reach the right receiver or will be intercepted at some point,” Dr Holz says.
The researchers will offer several recommendations based on their analysis to help change the status quo, which include providing more measurements and urging software makers to use sane default configurations.
University of Sydney researchers worked with a group which included members from Data61 (Australia), ICSI (USA), and the Technical University of Munich (Germany). | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/02/19/how-secure-are-your-emails--security-lost-in-transition-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.940072 | 463 | 2.71875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0>_5 | “We ran continuous scans of the Internet’s most important security protocols and applications to detect deployment patterns that open systems to attacks. | 153 |
Dr Ralph Holz, lecturer in Networks and Security at the University of Sydney’s School of Information Technologies and co-appointed researcher at Data61 a premier innovation network, says experts have suspected weaknesses in email cryptographic setups and authentication for some time but there has been no hard evidence to support these suspicions.
While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist
The research team conducted active scans of the entire Internet, testing the setups of mail and chat servers before analysing the passive Internet traffic of more than 50,000 users in the United States in more than 16 million encrypted connections.
Results of their study revealing how emails can be poorly protected when in transit will be presented at the Internet Society's Network and Distributed System Security Symposium in San Diego next week.
Dr Holz, a specialist in internet communication and co-appointed researcher at Data61, a premier innovation network, said:
“We investigated both the client-to-server interactions as well as server-to-server forwarding mechanisms. These can be configured in a number of ways, but these many combinations are leading to insecure deployments.
“We ran continuous scans of the Internet’s most important security protocols and applications to detect deployment patterns that open systems to attacks.
“While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist.
“One of the largest problems identified in the analysis is the lack of support for encryption - less than half of the mail servers supported even basic encrypted communication, and 17 percent used insecure cryptography.
“Only a third of mail servers can prove their identity securely; this means that a sending party often cannot determine whether an email is going to reach the right receiver or will be intercepted at some point,” Dr Holz says.
The researchers will offer several recommendations based on their analysis to help change the status quo, which include providing more measurements and urging software makers to use sane default configurations.
University of Sydney researchers worked with a group which included members from Data61 (Australia), ICSI (USA), and the Technical University of Munich (Germany). | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/02/19/how-secure-are-your-emails--security-lost-in-transition-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.940072 | 463 | 2.71875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0>_6 | “While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist. | 169 |
Dr Ralph Holz, lecturer in Networks and Security at the University of Sydney’s School of Information Technologies and co-appointed researcher at Data61 a premier innovation network, says experts have suspected weaknesses in email cryptographic setups and authentication for some time but there has been no hard evidence to support these suspicions.
While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist
The research team conducted active scans of the entire Internet, testing the setups of mail and chat servers before analysing the passive Internet traffic of more than 50,000 users in the United States in more than 16 million encrypted connections.
Results of their study revealing how emails can be poorly protected when in transit will be presented at the Internet Society's Network and Distributed System Security Symposium in San Diego next week.
Dr Holz, a specialist in internet communication and co-appointed researcher at Data61, a premier innovation network, said:
“We investigated both the client-to-server interactions as well as server-to-server forwarding mechanisms. These can be configured in a number of ways, but these many combinations are leading to insecure deployments.
“We ran continuous scans of the Internet’s most important security protocols and applications to detect deployment patterns that open systems to attacks.
“While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist.
“One of the largest problems identified in the analysis is the lack of support for encryption - less than half of the mail servers supported even basic encrypted communication, and 17 percent used insecure cryptography.
“Only a third of mail servers can prove their identity securely; this means that a sending party often cannot determine whether an email is going to reach the right receiver or will be intercepted at some point,” Dr Holz says.
The researchers will offer several recommendations based on their analysis to help change the status quo, which include providing more measurements and urging software makers to use sane default configurations.
University of Sydney researchers worked with a group which included members from Data61 (Australia), ICSI (USA), and the Technical University of Munich (Germany). | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/02/19/how-secure-are-your-emails--security-lost-in-transition-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.940072 | 463 | 2.71875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0>_7 | “One of the largest problems identified in the analysis is the lack of support for encryption - less than half of the mail servers supported even basic encrypted communication, and 17 percent used insecure cryptography. | 219 |
Dr Ralph Holz, lecturer in Networks and Security at the University of Sydney’s School of Information Technologies and co-appointed researcher at Data61 a premier innovation network, says experts have suspected weaknesses in email cryptographic setups and authentication for some time but there has been no hard evidence to support these suspicions.
While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist
The research team conducted active scans of the entire Internet, testing the setups of mail and chat servers before analysing the passive Internet traffic of more than 50,000 users in the United States in more than 16 million encrypted connections.
Results of their study revealing how emails can be poorly protected when in transit will be presented at the Internet Society's Network and Distributed System Security Symposium in San Diego next week.
Dr Holz, a specialist in internet communication and co-appointed researcher at Data61, a premier innovation network, said:
“We investigated both the client-to-server interactions as well as server-to-server forwarding mechanisms. These can be configured in a number of ways, but these many combinations are leading to insecure deployments.
“We ran continuous scans of the Internet’s most important security protocols and applications to detect deployment patterns that open systems to attacks.
“While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist.
“One of the largest problems identified in the analysis is the lack of support for encryption - less than half of the mail servers supported even basic encrypted communication, and 17 percent used insecure cryptography.
“Only a third of mail servers can prove their identity securely; this means that a sending party often cannot determine whether an email is going to reach the right receiver or will be intercepted at some point,” Dr Holz says.
The researchers will offer several recommendations based on their analysis to help change the status quo, which include providing more measurements and urging software makers to use sane default configurations.
University of Sydney researchers worked with a group which included members from Data61 (Australia), ICSI (USA), and the Technical University of Munich (Germany). | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/02/19/how-secure-are-your-emails--security-lost-in-transition-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.940072 | 463 | 2.71875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0>_8 | “Only a third of mail servers can prove their identity securely; this means that a sending party often cannot determine whether an email is going to reach the right receiver or will be intercepted at some point,” Dr Holz says. | 226 |
Dr Ralph Holz, lecturer in Networks and Security at the University of Sydney’s School of Information Technologies and co-appointed researcher at Data61 a premier innovation network, says experts have suspected weaknesses in email cryptographic setups and authentication for some time but there has been no hard evidence to support these suspicions.
While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist
The research team conducted active scans of the entire Internet, testing the setups of mail and chat servers before analysing the passive Internet traffic of more than 50,000 users in the United States in more than 16 million encrypted connections.
Results of their study revealing how emails can be poorly protected when in transit will be presented at the Internet Society's Network and Distributed System Security Symposium in San Diego next week.
Dr Holz, a specialist in internet communication and co-appointed researcher at Data61, a premier innovation network, said:
“We investigated both the client-to-server interactions as well as server-to-server forwarding mechanisms. These can be configured in a number of ways, but these many combinations are leading to insecure deployments.
“We ran continuous scans of the Internet’s most important security protocols and applications to detect deployment patterns that open systems to attacks.
“While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist.
“One of the largest problems identified in the analysis is the lack of support for encryption - less than half of the mail servers supported even basic encrypted communication, and 17 percent used insecure cryptography.
“Only a third of mail servers can prove their identity securely; this means that a sending party often cannot determine whether an email is going to reach the right receiver or will be intercepted at some point,” Dr Holz says.
The researchers will offer several recommendations based on their analysis to help change the status quo, which include providing more measurements and urging software makers to use sane default configurations.
University of Sydney researchers worked with a group which included members from Data61 (Australia), ICSI (USA), and the Technical University of Munich (Germany). | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/02/19/how-secure-are-your-emails--security-lost-in-transition-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.940072 | 463 | 2.71875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0>_9 | The researchers will offer several recommendations based on their analysis to help change the status quo, which include providing more measurements and urging software makers to use sane default configurations. | 210 |
Dr Ralph Holz, lecturer in Networks and Security at the University of Sydney’s School of Information Technologies and co-appointed researcher at Data61 a premier innovation network, says experts have suspected weaknesses in email cryptographic setups and authentication for some time but there has been no hard evidence to support these suspicions.
While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist
The research team conducted active scans of the entire Internet, testing the setups of mail and chat servers before analysing the passive Internet traffic of more than 50,000 users in the United States in more than 16 million encrypted connections.
Results of their study revealing how emails can be poorly protected when in transit will be presented at the Internet Society's Network and Distributed System Security Symposium in San Diego next week.
Dr Holz, a specialist in internet communication and co-appointed researcher at Data61, a premier innovation network, said:
“We investigated both the client-to-server interactions as well as server-to-server forwarding mechanisms. These can be configured in a number of ways, but these many combinations are leading to insecure deployments.
“We ran continuous scans of the Internet’s most important security protocols and applications to detect deployment patterns that open systems to attacks.
“While email between users of major providers such as Gmail or Hotmail is relatively secure, this is not true in more general cases and several serious weaknesses exist.
“One of the largest problems identified in the analysis is the lack of support for encryption - less than half of the mail servers supported even basic encrypted communication, and 17 percent used insecure cryptography.
“Only a third of mail servers can prove their identity securely; this means that a sending party often cannot determine whether an email is going to reach the right receiver or will be intercepted at some point,” Dr Holz says.
The researchers will offer several recommendations based on their analysis to help change the status quo, which include providing more measurements and urging software makers to use sane default configurations.
University of Sydney researchers worked with a group which included members from Data61 (Australia), ICSI (USA), and the Technical University of Munich (Germany). | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/02/19/how-secure-are-your-emails--security-lost-in-transition-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.940072 | 463 | 2.71875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:5f4f6a51-c2c9-49a6-a777-7c5914c6c2f0>_10 | University of Sydney researchers worked with a group which included members from Data61 (Australia), ICSI (USA), and the Technical University of Munich (Germany). | 162 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_0 | As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. | 125 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_1 | But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago. | 158 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_2 | Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage. | 208 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_3 | Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks. | 282 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_4 | “We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit. | 130 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_5 | The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. | 147 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_6 | The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations. | 101 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_7 | “We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. | 121 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_8 | And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil. | 296 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_9 | “For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. | 183 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_10 | So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. | 186 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_11 | In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. | 136 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_12 | Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked. | 122 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_13 | Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding. | 76 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_14 | “Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said. | 118 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_15 | “Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. | 90 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_16 | But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials. | 387 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_17 | Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain. | 227 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_18 | It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. | 110 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_19 | As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report. | 155 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_21 | A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north. | 217 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_22 | More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. | 158 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_23 | Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain. | 261 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_24 | “The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. | 92 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_25 | Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan. | 112 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_26 | Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors. | 161 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_27 | “There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said. | 109 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_28 | “Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. | 57 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_29 | It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. | 123 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_30 | So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have. | 120 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_31 | “I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. | 123 |
As the generations of WWI veterans and their children die out, the opportunities to capture first-person accounts are fading. But a recent built-heritage survey of The Great War has revitalised many people’s quests to understand what happened on the Scottish home front 100 years ago.
Commissioned by Historic Scotland and the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (RCAHMS), a special audit has revealed previously unknown aspects of Scotland’s wartime heritage.
Carried out last year and published in February, the survey has revealed an astounding array of built-heritage sites and anti-invasion defences across the country, from military hospitals to air stations, firing ranges to naval bases, and prisoner of war camps to military barracks.
“We’ve been thrilled by the results,” said Allan Kilpatrick, archaeologist at the RCAHMS, who collaborated on the extensive audit.
The research process was primarily desktop-based, including scouring records contained in national archive databases and RCAHMS’s existing records. The number of WWI sites revealed in the process, Allan explained, far exceeded anyone’s expectations.
“We reckoned we had probably about 300 sites when we started, but we ended up with over 900, which is really significant. And we’re still finding more every week.”
The results, which are published in a report available on www.historic-scotland.gov.uk, have allowed the team of archaeologists and historians in both organisations to re-examine the current understanding of many activities which took place on home soil.
“For example, there was much talk about defences being built from the start of the war,” Allan continued, “but actually some are dated from the early 1900s, 10 years before the start. So it’s provided a fascinating insight into Scotland during WWI.”
While a large number of the sites
are based around the central belt,
there are many in the north, Highlands and islands. In Aberdeen, shining examples are the Torry Battery – a Victorian-era fort – and temporary hospitals in Esslemont Avenue and Schoolhill. Further north, near Clola, stands the former site of the Lenabo air station – a busy station where 1,500 personnel worked.
Moving round the coast, drill halls and firing ranges were a common finding.
“Coastal communities were often artillery bases because they could practise firing their guns out to sea,” Allan said.
“Inland, such as in Huntly and Oldmeldrum, they had rifle ranges either outside or inside. But most of the communities, especially on the seabord, had drill halls.”
The Cromarty Firth was a hive of naval activity, including the naval base at Invergordon which contained enormous camps with huts capable of housing 80 civilian dockyard workers each, compared to the comparative luxury of the 100 or so houses built for the Royal Navy, and the seven villas for dockyard officials.
Guarding the Cromarty Firth were massive gun placements – built in 1913 under the watchful eye of then First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill – and also the first anti-submarine boom defence nets to be built in Britain.
It was a similar story in Orkney and Scapa Flow, with the British Grand Fleet being stationed there from 1914. As a result, many sites of interest remain, including submarine mining fields, lookout stations, camps and batteries featuring heavily in the audit report.
It doesn’t stop there. A seaplane base in Shetland, a prisoner of war camp at Fort George, a Territorial Army Drill Hall in Stornoway, a gun emplacement on St Kilda, remnants of Scotland’s WWI built heritage can be found all over the north.
More are being found all the time, thanks in part to initiatives such as the Home Front Legacy project which builds on the Historic Scotland and RCAHMS audit. Community groups are being supported in their research into places associated with the Great War with an online toolkit (available at www.homefrontlegacy.org.uk) and guidance for recording the remains of surviving sites, structures and buildings around Britain.
“The great thing about the community approach is they have a better handle on local history. Local communities can come together and we can work with these groups to help explain what’s there,” said Allan.
Key to the success of all attempts to learn more about our combined built heritage, he explained, is our rejuvenated enthusiasm to learn about our own ancestors.
“There’s a real move to investigate what our great and great-great grandparents did during the war,” he said.
“Everyone has a connection to WWI in some way or another. It could be there was a soldier in the family, or a great-grandmother who worked in some factory making kilts or gas masks. So there are all these personal stories out there, and the more we can bring together, the better resource we will have.
“I’ve always said about WWII that this is our final chance to get the memories of the veterans, and it’s the same with WWI. In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/ww1-centenary/250698/survey-uncovers-scotlands-forgotten-great-war-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646875.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319101207-20180319121207-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96129 | 1,135 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1b8e7f87-7f05-4dfe-b720-ca5c1695a4a0>_32 | In the next five years, there will only be a handful of the children and grandchildren of WWI veterans who have memories to share.” | 131 |
Complex, boundary crossing
Work-related L2 learning is complex and boundary crossing – this field encompasses work, migration, intercultural communication, social policy, learning, language, literacy, linguistics, labour market, people management…and more.
It occurs in a range of contexts, including
- Pre-employment L2 learning for immigrants, also emigrants
- L2 learning in vocational schools
- Work-related learning in integration courses
- L2 learning for specific occupational areas, qualifications
- Workplace L2 learning
Work-related language learning is multi-dimensional, many faceted – but its various strands are strongly connected. | <urn:uuid:1884fa91-f865-4ef8-8b84-dd829acea175> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://languageforwork.ecml.at/About/tabid/4035/language/en-GB/Default.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647299.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20180320052712-20180320072712-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.952102 | 132 | 2.5625 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1884fa91-f865-4ef8-8b84-dd829acea175>_0 | Complex, boundary crossing
Work-related L2 learning is complex and boundary crossing – this field encompasses work, migration, intercultural communication, social policy, learning, language, literacy, linguistics, labour market, people management…and more. | 256 |
Complex, boundary crossing
Work-related L2 learning is complex and boundary crossing – this field encompasses work, migration, intercultural communication, social policy, learning, language, literacy, linguistics, labour market, people management…and more.
It occurs in a range of contexts, including
- Pre-employment L2 learning for immigrants, also emigrants
- L2 learning in vocational schools
- Work-related learning in integration courses
- L2 learning for specific occupational areas, qualifications
- Workplace L2 learning
Work-related language learning is multi-dimensional, many faceted – but its various strands are strongly connected. | <urn:uuid:1884fa91-f865-4ef8-8b84-dd829acea175> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://languageforwork.ecml.at/About/tabid/4035/language/en-GB/Default.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647299.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20180320052712-20180320072712-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.952102 | 132 | 2.5625 | 3 | <urn:uuid:1884fa91-f865-4ef8-8b84-dd829acea175>_1 | It occurs in a range of contexts, including
- Pre-employment L2 learning for immigrants, also emigrants
- L2 learning in vocational schools
- Work-related learning in integration courses
- L2 learning for specific occupational areas, qualifications
- Workplace L2 learning
Work-related language learning is multi-dimensional, many faceted – but its various strands are strongly connected. | 388 |
Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments.
Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://eco.confex.com/eco/2017/webprogram/Paper63552.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930813 | 493 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3>_0 | Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. | 163 |
Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments.
Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://eco.confex.com/eco/2017/webprogram/Paper63552.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930813 | 493 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3>_1 | In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. | 102 |
Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments.
Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://eco.confex.com/eco/2017/webprogram/Paper63552.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930813 | 493 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3>_2 | The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. | 228 |
Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments.
Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://eco.confex.com/eco/2017/webprogram/Paper63552.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930813 | 493 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3>_3 | Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. | 239 |
Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments.
Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://eco.confex.com/eco/2017/webprogram/Paper63552.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930813 | 493 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3>_4 | Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. | 142 |
Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments.
Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://eco.confex.com/eco/2017/webprogram/Paper63552.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930813 | 493 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3>_5 | We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. | 179 |
Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments.
Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://eco.confex.com/eco/2017/webprogram/Paper63552.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930813 | 493 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3>_6 | We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. | 133 |
Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments.
Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://eco.confex.com/eco/2017/webprogram/Paper63552.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930813 | 493 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3>_7 | We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments. | 199 |
Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments.
Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://eco.confex.com/eco/2017/webprogram/Paper63552.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930813 | 493 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3>_8 | Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. | 275 |
Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments.
Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://eco.confex.com/eco/2017/webprogram/Paper63552.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930813 | 493 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3>_9 | Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. | 174 |
Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments.
Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://eco.confex.com/eco/2017/webprogram/Paper63552.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930813 | 493 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3>_10 | Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. | 279 |
Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments.
Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://eco.confex.com/eco/2017/webprogram/Paper63552.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930813 | 493 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3>_11 | Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. | 200 |
Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments.
Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://eco.confex.com/eco/2017/webprogram/Paper63552.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930813 | 493 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3>_12 | Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. | 176 |
Floral nectar is a primary factor mediating plant-pollinator interactions, yet the composition of this key trait varies both across species and within populations. In addition to sugars, nectar frequently contains secondary metabolites associated with plant defense. The function for these noxious compounds may include defending plants from floral antagonists such as nectar robbers, however, studies suggest that nectar secondary metabolites can have negative impacts on pollinator visitation. Given that these compounds may incur such an ecological cost, and may also have allocation costs for plants, inducible nectar defenses employed when robbing actively occurs may be a more adaptive strategy than constitutive nectar defenses. Linaria vulgaris is a non-native weed that experiences heavy robbing by the bumble bee Bombus occidentalis in high alpine meadows of Colorado. We conducted a three-year field study at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory to examine whether nectar robbing induces iridoid glycosides in the floral nectar of L. vulgaris. We exposed flowering stems to either natural robbing by B. occidentalis or artificial robbing via mechanical damage or jasmonic acid. We quantified iridoid gylcoside concentrations in leaves, stems, floral tissue, anthers and floral nectar using gas chromatography and compared these concentrations across plant parts and treatments.
Preliminary analyses indicate that nectar iridoid glycosides were significantly higher in the natural robbing treatment in the first year of study, with an overall trend towards increased nectar iridoid glycosides after natural and artificial robbing treatments across years. Interestingly, we did not find any evidence of induction in floral tissue after robbing treatments, indicating that floral tissue gains no additional protection after damage. Within years, iridoid glycoside concentrations differ significantly between plant parts and while these concentrations are correlated between some plant parts, the correlations differ between years, suggesting no general pattern of chemical induction or allocation within plants. Our results suggest that nectar robbing can induce nectar secondary metabolites, which may be a strategy to deter further robbing, protecting remaining or subsequently produced nectar for pollinators. Whether these increases in nectar secondary metabolites actually reduce robbing and the effects of induction on pollinators and pollination will be evaluated in future studies. Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://eco.confex.com/eco/2017/webprogram/Paper63552.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647556.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180321004405-20180321024405-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930813 | 493 | 2.796875 | 3 | <urn:uuid:43ee6d82-53f9-47c1-ac7f-0f6a80e494d3>_13 | Understanding the role that nectar chemistry plays in plant-pollinator interactions may be particularly important in alpine systems where the growing season is short and effects of climate change are magnified. | 210 |
What is EDT?:
The EDT means ‘Essential Driving Training’. The EDT is relatively new and has been a topic of confusion for a lot of people in the past few years. Gone are the easy days that your parents or friends could teach you to drive. It may seem really daunting but believe us when we say that it is not that complicated. We at RSA School of Motoring are here to explain everything to you and give you the information you need to successfully complete your EDT training.
Why was the EDT was introduced?:
The EDT was introduced by the Government back in 2011 due to stats at the time that clearly showed that inexperienced young drivers were more at risk to themselves and others on the road. The EDT was designed to help young drivers become safer and more competent drivers. Each lesson focuses on each aspect of driving from correct positioning on the road to speed management. On completion of the EDT all new drivers will have the skills required to ensure the road is a safer place for everyone.
EDT Lesson breakdown
The 12 EDT lessons are set out like this:
- Lesson 1: Car Controls and Safety Checks
- Lesson 2: Correct Positioning
- Lesson 3: Changing Direction
- Lesson 4: Progression Management
- Lesson 5: Correct Positioning (advanced)
- Lesson 6: Anticipation and Reaction
- Lesson 7: Sharing the Road
- Lesson 8: Driving Safely Through Traffic
- Lesson 9: Changing Direction (advanced)
- Lesson 10: Speed Management
- Lesson 11: Driving Calmly
- Lesson 12: Night Driving
Lessons 1-8 must be taken in the order shown above. Lessons 9-12 can be taken in any order. In order to complete your EDT taining and be eligible to apply for the driving test, all 12 lessons have to be completed with a filled in logbook as your proof.
The logbook is given you when you take your first lesson with your approved driving instructor or ADI. The logbook must be kept safe at all times as it is an important document. Each lesson taken with your ADI will be logged in your logbook and also logged manually on the RSA portal website. Only an approved driving instructor can complete the logbook.
There is space for your ADI to write comments after each lesson and pointers can be made on what you may need to work on to improve. This is an invaluable tool when furthering your practice and is also extremely helpful for your selected sponsor. Your sponsor is also encouraged to write in comments after each filler lesson. This way everyone will know what level the student is at.
The logbook is used as proof of completion of each lesson of the EDT.
What is a sponsor?:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be an approved driving instructor. The chosen sponsor must be an experienced driver and hold a full driver's license for at least 2 years.
The role of the sponsor is to take the learner driver out on filler lessons. These filler lessons should be taken after each EDT lesson with your ADI. The purpose of the practice lesson is to practice what you have learnt and see if you have made any progress. Your sponsor should base your filler lessons around what comments your instructor has left in your logbook. This way the learner driver gets the most out of the lesson and focuses on what they need to improve on.
If you have been asked to be a sponsor, it may be an advantage to look over the rules of the road ahead of the filler lessons to ensure you are more beneficial to your learner driver. This role should be taken seriously and if you feel you cannot commit your time or energy into it, just say no! At the end of the day if you are not committed to being a sponsor it will only stop the learner driver improving their driving skills and make the whole process longer than needed to be.
Choosing a sponsor:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be your ADI. Whoever you choose it is purely your choice. The main thing you must ask yourself is, ‘Can i trust this person?’, ‘Will this person keep me calm or stress me out?’, ‘Will this person make time for me to practice with them?’. If the answer is no to any of these questions, ask someone else. Picking the right sponsor is really important so take some time to choose. If at any stage this person is not working for you, don't worry, you can always change to someone else.
So you’ve completed all 12 EDT lessons with your ADI and completed filler lessons with your sponsor and having held your drivers permit for a minimum of 6 months you can finally apply for your drivers test. After you receive your test date, it is advised that you have some pretest lessons with your ADI. These lessons help you pass the test and give you an idea of the potential route you may be taken on. They really are invaluable lessons.
Learning to drive is quite a daunting process but it doesn't have to be with the right school. At the RSA School of Motoring we are here to help you in any stage you are in, whether you are a complete beginner or just need some pointers on how to pass the test.
Please feel free to look through our website for more information, some great deals and some real testimonials from our past students. Or us a ring and one of our friendly staff member will be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://drivinglessonsleinster.ie/edt-what-is-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647892.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322151300-20180322171300-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96127 | 1,170 | 2.609375 | 3 | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa>_1 | :
The EDT means ‘Essential Driving Training’. | 45 |
What is EDT?:
The EDT means ‘Essential Driving Training’. The EDT is relatively new and has been a topic of confusion for a lot of people in the past few years. Gone are the easy days that your parents or friends could teach you to drive. It may seem really daunting but believe us when we say that it is not that complicated. We at RSA School of Motoring are here to explain everything to you and give you the information you need to successfully complete your EDT training.
Why was the EDT was introduced?:
The EDT was introduced by the Government back in 2011 due to stats at the time that clearly showed that inexperienced young drivers were more at risk to themselves and others on the road. The EDT was designed to help young drivers become safer and more competent drivers. Each lesson focuses on each aspect of driving from correct positioning on the road to speed management. On completion of the EDT all new drivers will have the skills required to ensure the road is a safer place for everyone.
EDT Lesson breakdown
The 12 EDT lessons are set out like this:
- Lesson 1: Car Controls and Safety Checks
- Lesson 2: Correct Positioning
- Lesson 3: Changing Direction
- Lesson 4: Progression Management
- Lesson 5: Correct Positioning (advanced)
- Lesson 6: Anticipation and Reaction
- Lesson 7: Sharing the Road
- Lesson 8: Driving Safely Through Traffic
- Lesson 9: Changing Direction (advanced)
- Lesson 10: Speed Management
- Lesson 11: Driving Calmly
- Lesson 12: Night Driving
Lessons 1-8 must be taken in the order shown above. Lessons 9-12 can be taken in any order. In order to complete your EDT taining and be eligible to apply for the driving test, all 12 lessons have to be completed with a filled in logbook as your proof.
The logbook is given you when you take your first lesson with your approved driving instructor or ADI. The logbook must be kept safe at all times as it is an important document. Each lesson taken with your ADI will be logged in your logbook and also logged manually on the RSA portal website. Only an approved driving instructor can complete the logbook.
There is space for your ADI to write comments after each lesson and pointers can be made on what you may need to work on to improve. This is an invaluable tool when furthering your practice and is also extremely helpful for your selected sponsor. Your sponsor is also encouraged to write in comments after each filler lesson. This way everyone will know what level the student is at.
The logbook is used as proof of completion of each lesson of the EDT.
What is a sponsor?:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be an approved driving instructor. The chosen sponsor must be an experienced driver and hold a full driver's license for at least 2 years.
The role of the sponsor is to take the learner driver out on filler lessons. These filler lessons should be taken after each EDT lesson with your ADI. The purpose of the practice lesson is to practice what you have learnt and see if you have made any progress. Your sponsor should base your filler lessons around what comments your instructor has left in your logbook. This way the learner driver gets the most out of the lesson and focuses on what they need to improve on.
If you have been asked to be a sponsor, it may be an advantage to look over the rules of the road ahead of the filler lessons to ensure you are more beneficial to your learner driver. This role should be taken seriously and if you feel you cannot commit your time or energy into it, just say no! At the end of the day if you are not committed to being a sponsor it will only stop the learner driver improving their driving skills and make the whole process longer than needed to be.
Choosing a sponsor:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be your ADI. Whoever you choose it is purely your choice. The main thing you must ask yourself is, ‘Can i trust this person?’, ‘Will this person keep me calm or stress me out?’, ‘Will this person make time for me to practice with them?’. If the answer is no to any of these questions, ask someone else. Picking the right sponsor is really important so take some time to choose. If at any stage this person is not working for you, don't worry, you can always change to someone else.
So you’ve completed all 12 EDT lessons with your ADI and completed filler lessons with your sponsor and having held your drivers permit for a minimum of 6 months you can finally apply for your drivers test. After you receive your test date, it is advised that you have some pretest lessons with your ADI. These lessons help you pass the test and give you an idea of the potential route you may be taken on. They really are invaluable lessons.
Learning to drive is quite a daunting process but it doesn't have to be with the right school. At the RSA School of Motoring we are here to help you in any stage you are in, whether you are a complete beginner or just need some pointers on how to pass the test.
Please feel free to look through our website for more information, some great deals and some real testimonials from our past students. Or us a ring and one of our friendly staff member will be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://drivinglessonsleinster.ie/edt-what-is-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647892.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322151300-20180322171300-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96127 | 1,170 | 2.609375 | 3 | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa>_2 | The EDT is relatively new and has been a topic of confusion for a lot of people in the past few years. | 102 |
What is EDT?:
The EDT means ‘Essential Driving Training’. The EDT is relatively new and has been a topic of confusion for a lot of people in the past few years. Gone are the easy days that your parents or friends could teach you to drive. It may seem really daunting but believe us when we say that it is not that complicated. We at RSA School of Motoring are here to explain everything to you and give you the information you need to successfully complete your EDT training.
Why was the EDT was introduced?:
The EDT was introduced by the Government back in 2011 due to stats at the time that clearly showed that inexperienced young drivers were more at risk to themselves and others on the road. The EDT was designed to help young drivers become safer and more competent drivers. Each lesson focuses on each aspect of driving from correct positioning on the road to speed management. On completion of the EDT all new drivers will have the skills required to ensure the road is a safer place for everyone.
EDT Lesson breakdown
The 12 EDT lessons are set out like this:
- Lesson 1: Car Controls and Safety Checks
- Lesson 2: Correct Positioning
- Lesson 3: Changing Direction
- Lesson 4: Progression Management
- Lesson 5: Correct Positioning (advanced)
- Lesson 6: Anticipation and Reaction
- Lesson 7: Sharing the Road
- Lesson 8: Driving Safely Through Traffic
- Lesson 9: Changing Direction (advanced)
- Lesson 10: Speed Management
- Lesson 11: Driving Calmly
- Lesson 12: Night Driving
Lessons 1-8 must be taken in the order shown above. Lessons 9-12 can be taken in any order. In order to complete your EDT taining and be eligible to apply for the driving test, all 12 lessons have to be completed with a filled in logbook as your proof.
The logbook is given you when you take your first lesson with your approved driving instructor or ADI. The logbook must be kept safe at all times as it is an important document. Each lesson taken with your ADI will be logged in your logbook and also logged manually on the RSA portal website. Only an approved driving instructor can complete the logbook.
There is space for your ADI to write comments after each lesson and pointers can be made on what you may need to work on to improve. This is an invaluable tool when furthering your practice and is also extremely helpful for your selected sponsor. Your sponsor is also encouraged to write in comments after each filler lesson. This way everyone will know what level the student is at.
The logbook is used as proof of completion of each lesson of the EDT.
What is a sponsor?:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be an approved driving instructor. The chosen sponsor must be an experienced driver and hold a full driver's license for at least 2 years.
The role of the sponsor is to take the learner driver out on filler lessons. These filler lessons should be taken after each EDT lesson with your ADI. The purpose of the practice lesson is to practice what you have learnt and see if you have made any progress. Your sponsor should base your filler lessons around what comments your instructor has left in your logbook. This way the learner driver gets the most out of the lesson and focuses on what they need to improve on.
If you have been asked to be a sponsor, it may be an advantage to look over the rules of the road ahead of the filler lessons to ensure you are more beneficial to your learner driver. This role should be taken seriously and if you feel you cannot commit your time or energy into it, just say no! At the end of the day if you are not committed to being a sponsor it will only stop the learner driver improving their driving skills and make the whole process longer than needed to be.
Choosing a sponsor:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be your ADI. Whoever you choose it is purely your choice. The main thing you must ask yourself is, ‘Can i trust this person?’, ‘Will this person keep me calm or stress me out?’, ‘Will this person make time for me to practice with them?’. If the answer is no to any of these questions, ask someone else. Picking the right sponsor is really important so take some time to choose. If at any stage this person is not working for you, don't worry, you can always change to someone else.
So you’ve completed all 12 EDT lessons with your ADI and completed filler lessons with your sponsor and having held your drivers permit for a minimum of 6 months you can finally apply for your drivers test. After you receive your test date, it is advised that you have some pretest lessons with your ADI. These lessons help you pass the test and give you an idea of the potential route you may be taken on. They really are invaluable lessons.
Learning to drive is quite a daunting process but it doesn't have to be with the right school. At the RSA School of Motoring we are here to help you in any stage you are in, whether you are a complete beginner or just need some pointers on how to pass the test.
Please feel free to look through our website for more information, some great deals and some real testimonials from our past students. Or us a ring and one of our friendly staff member will be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://drivinglessonsleinster.ie/edt-what-is-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647892.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322151300-20180322171300-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96127 | 1,170 | 2.609375 | 3 | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa>_3 | Gone are the easy days that your parents or friends could teach you to drive. | 77 |
What is EDT?:
The EDT means ‘Essential Driving Training’. The EDT is relatively new and has been a topic of confusion for a lot of people in the past few years. Gone are the easy days that your parents or friends could teach you to drive. It may seem really daunting but believe us when we say that it is not that complicated. We at RSA School of Motoring are here to explain everything to you and give you the information you need to successfully complete your EDT training.
Why was the EDT was introduced?:
The EDT was introduced by the Government back in 2011 due to stats at the time that clearly showed that inexperienced young drivers were more at risk to themselves and others on the road. The EDT was designed to help young drivers become safer and more competent drivers. Each lesson focuses on each aspect of driving from correct positioning on the road to speed management. On completion of the EDT all new drivers will have the skills required to ensure the road is a safer place for everyone.
EDT Lesson breakdown
The 12 EDT lessons are set out like this:
- Lesson 1: Car Controls and Safety Checks
- Lesson 2: Correct Positioning
- Lesson 3: Changing Direction
- Lesson 4: Progression Management
- Lesson 5: Correct Positioning (advanced)
- Lesson 6: Anticipation and Reaction
- Lesson 7: Sharing the Road
- Lesson 8: Driving Safely Through Traffic
- Lesson 9: Changing Direction (advanced)
- Lesson 10: Speed Management
- Lesson 11: Driving Calmly
- Lesson 12: Night Driving
Lessons 1-8 must be taken in the order shown above. Lessons 9-12 can be taken in any order. In order to complete your EDT taining and be eligible to apply for the driving test, all 12 lessons have to be completed with a filled in logbook as your proof.
The logbook is given you when you take your first lesson with your approved driving instructor or ADI. The logbook must be kept safe at all times as it is an important document. Each lesson taken with your ADI will be logged in your logbook and also logged manually on the RSA portal website. Only an approved driving instructor can complete the logbook.
There is space for your ADI to write comments after each lesson and pointers can be made on what you may need to work on to improve. This is an invaluable tool when furthering your practice and is also extremely helpful for your selected sponsor. Your sponsor is also encouraged to write in comments after each filler lesson. This way everyone will know what level the student is at.
The logbook is used as proof of completion of each lesson of the EDT.
What is a sponsor?:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be an approved driving instructor. The chosen sponsor must be an experienced driver and hold a full driver's license for at least 2 years.
The role of the sponsor is to take the learner driver out on filler lessons. These filler lessons should be taken after each EDT lesson with your ADI. The purpose of the practice lesson is to practice what you have learnt and see if you have made any progress. Your sponsor should base your filler lessons around what comments your instructor has left in your logbook. This way the learner driver gets the most out of the lesson and focuses on what they need to improve on.
If you have been asked to be a sponsor, it may be an advantage to look over the rules of the road ahead of the filler lessons to ensure you are more beneficial to your learner driver. This role should be taken seriously and if you feel you cannot commit your time or energy into it, just say no! At the end of the day if you are not committed to being a sponsor it will only stop the learner driver improving their driving skills and make the whole process longer than needed to be.
Choosing a sponsor:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be your ADI. Whoever you choose it is purely your choice. The main thing you must ask yourself is, ‘Can i trust this person?’, ‘Will this person keep me calm or stress me out?’, ‘Will this person make time for me to practice with them?’. If the answer is no to any of these questions, ask someone else. Picking the right sponsor is really important so take some time to choose. If at any stage this person is not working for you, don't worry, you can always change to someone else.
So you’ve completed all 12 EDT lessons with your ADI and completed filler lessons with your sponsor and having held your drivers permit for a minimum of 6 months you can finally apply for your drivers test. After you receive your test date, it is advised that you have some pretest lessons with your ADI. These lessons help you pass the test and give you an idea of the potential route you may be taken on. They really are invaluable lessons.
Learning to drive is quite a daunting process but it doesn't have to be with the right school. At the RSA School of Motoring we are here to help you in any stage you are in, whether you are a complete beginner or just need some pointers on how to pass the test.
Please feel free to look through our website for more information, some great deals and some real testimonials from our past students. Or us a ring and one of our friendly staff member will be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://drivinglessonsleinster.ie/edt-what-is-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647892.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322151300-20180322171300-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96127 | 1,170 | 2.609375 | 3 | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa>_4 | It may seem really daunting but believe us when we say that it is not that complicated. | 87 |
What is EDT?:
The EDT means ‘Essential Driving Training’. The EDT is relatively new and has been a topic of confusion for a lot of people in the past few years. Gone are the easy days that your parents or friends could teach you to drive. It may seem really daunting but believe us when we say that it is not that complicated. We at RSA School of Motoring are here to explain everything to you and give you the information you need to successfully complete your EDT training.
Why was the EDT was introduced?:
The EDT was introduced by the Government back in 2011 due to stats at the time that clearly showed that inexperienced young drivers were more at risk to themselves and others on the road. The EDT was designed to help young drivers become safer and more competent drivers. Each lesson focuses on each aspect of driving from correct positioning on the road to speed management. On completion of the EDT all new drivers will have the skills required to ensure the road is a safer place for everyone.
EDT Lesson breakdown
The 12 EDT lessons are set out like this:
- Lesson 1: Car Controls and Safety Checks
- Lesson 2: Correct Positioning
- Lesson 3: Changing Direction
- Lesson 4: Progression Management
- Lesson 5: Correct Positioning (advanced)
- Lesson 6: Anticipation and Reaction
- Lesson 7: Sharing the Road
- Lesson 8: Driving Safely Through Traffic
- Lesson 9: Changing Direction (advanced)
- Lesson 10: Speed Management
- Lesson 11: Driving Calmly
- Lesson 12: Night Driving
Lessons 1-8 must be taken in the order shown above. Lessons 9-12 can be taken in any order. In order to complete your EDT taining and be eligible to apply for the driving test, all 12 lessons have to be completed with a filled in logbook as your proof.
The logbook is given you when you take your first lesson with your approved driving instructor or ADI. The logbook must be kept safe at all times as it is an important document. Each lesson taken with your ADI will be logged in your logbook and also logged manually on the RSA portal website. Only an approved driving instructor can complete the logbook.
There is space for your ADI to write comments after each lesson and pointers can be made on what you may need to work on to improve. This is an invaluable tool when furthering your practice and is also extremely helpful for your selected sponsor. Your sponsor is also encouraged to write in comments after each filler lesson. This way everyone will know what level the student is at.
The logbook is used as proof of completion of each lesson of the EDT.
What is a sponsor?:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be an approved driving instructor. The chosen sponsor must be an experienced driver and hold a full driver's license for at least 2 years.
The role of the sponsor is to take the learner driver out on filler lessons. These filler lessons should be taken after each EDT lesson with your ADI. The purpose of the practice lesson is to practice what you have learnt and see if you have made any progress. Your sponsor should base your filler lessons around what comments your instructor has left in your logbook. This way the learner driver gets the most out of the lesson and focuses on what they need to improve on.
If you have been asked to be a sponsor, it may be an advantage to look over the rules of the road ahead of the filler lessons to ensure you are more beneficial to your learner driver. This role should be taken seriously and if you feel you cannot commit your time or energy into it, just say no! At the end of the day if you are not committed to being a sponsor it will only stop the learner driver improving their driving skills and make the whole process longer than needed to be.
Choosing a sponsor:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be your ADI. Whoever you choose it is purely your choice. The main thing you must ask yourself is, ‘Can i trust this person?’, ‘Will this person keep me calm or stress me out?’, ‘Will this person make time for me to practice with them?’. If the answer is no to any of these questions, ask someone else. Picking the right sponsor is really important so take some time to choose. If at any stage this person is not working for you, don't worry, you can always change to someone else.
So you’ve completed all 12 EDT lessons with your ADI and completed filler lessons with your sponsor and having held your drivers permit for a minimum of 6 months you can finally apply for your drivers test. After you receive your test date, it is advised that you have some pretest lessons with your ADI. These lessons help you pass the test and give you an idea of the potential route you may be taken on. They really are invaluable lessons.
Learning to drive is quite a daunting process but it doesn't have to be with the right school. At the RSA School of Motoring we are here to help you in any stage you are in, whether you are a complete beginner or just need some pointers on how to pass the test.
Please feel free to look through our website for more information, some great deals and some real testimonials from our past students. Or us a ring and one of our friendly staff member will be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://drivinglessonsleinster.ie/edt-what-is-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647892.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322151300-20180322171300-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96127 | 1,170 | 2.609375 | 3 | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa>_5 | We at RSA School of Motoring are here to explain everything to you and give you the information you need to successfully complete your EDT training. | 148 |
What is EDT?:
The EDT means ‘Essential Driving Training’. The EDT is relatively new and has been a topic of confusion for a lot of people in the past few years. Gone are the easy days that your parents or friends could teach you to drive. It may seem really daunting but believe us when we say that it is not that complicated. We at RSA School of Motoring are here to explain everything to you and give you the information you need to successfully complete your EDT training.
Why was the EDT was introduced?:
The EDT was introduced by the Government back in 2011 due to stats at the time that clearly showed that inexperienced young drivers were more at risk to themselves and others on the road. The EDT was designed to help young drivers become safer and more competent drivers. Each lesson focuses on each aspect of driving from correct positioning on the road to speed management. On completion of the EDT all new drivers will have the skills required to ensure the road is a safer place for everyone.
EDT Lesson breakdown
The 12 EDT lessons are set out like this:
- Lesson 1: Car Controls and Safety Checks
- Lesson 2: Correct Positioning
- Lesson 3: Changing Direction
- Lesson 4: Progression Management
- Lesson 5: Correct Positioning (advanced)
- Lesson 6: Anticipation and Reaction
- Lesson 7: Sharing the Road
- Lesson 8: Driving Safely Through Traffic
- Lesson 9: Changing Direction (advanced)
- Lesson 10: Speed Management
- Lesson 11: Driving Calmly
- Lesson 12: Night Driving
Lessons 1-8 must be taken in the order shown above. Lessons 9-12 can be taken in any order. In order to complete your EDT taining and be eligible to apply for the driving test, all 12 lessons have to be completed with a filled in logbook as your proof.
The logbook is given you when you take your first lesson with your approved driving instructor or ADI. The logbook must be kept safe at all times as it is an important document. Each lesson taken with your ADI will be logged in your logbook and also logged manually on the RSA portal website. Only an approved driving instructor can complete the logbook.
There is space for your ADI to write comments after each lesson and pointers can be made on what you may need to work on to improve. This is an invaluable tool when furthering your practice and is also extremely helpful for your selected sponsor. Your sponsor is also encouraged to write in comments after each filler lesson. This way everyone will know what level the student is at.
The logbook is used as proof of completion of each lesson of the EDT.
What is a sponsor?:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be an approved driving instructor. The chosen sponsor must be an experienced driver and hold a full driver's license for at least 2 years.
The role of the sponsor is to take the learner driver out on filler lessons. These filler lessons should be taken after each EDT lesson with your ADI. The purpose of the practice lesson is to practice what you have learnt and see if you have made any progress. Your sponsor should base your filler lessons around what comments your instructor has left in your logbook. This way the learner driver gets the most out of the lesson and focuses on what they need to improve on.
If you have been asked to be a sponsor, it may be an advantage to look over the rules of the road ahead of the filler lessons to ensure you are more beneficial to your learner driver. This role should be taken seriously and if you feel you cannot commit your time or energy into it, just say no! At the end of the day if you are not committed to being a sponsor it will only stop the learner driver improving their driving skills and make the whole process longer than needed to be.
Choosing a sponsor:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be your ADI. Whoever you choose it is purely your choice. The main thing you must ask yourself is, ‘Can i trust this person?’, ‘Will this person keep me calm or stress me out?’, ‘Will this person make time for me to practice with them?’. If the answer is no to any of these questions, ask someone else. Picking the right sponsor is really important so take some time to choose. If at any stage this person is not working for you, don't worry, you can always change to someone else.
So you’ve completed all 12 EDT lessons with your ADI and completed filler lessons with your sponsor and having held your drivers permit for a minimum of 6 months you can finally apply for your drivers test. After you receive your test date, it is advised that you have some pretest lessons with your ADI. These lessons help you pass the test and give you an idea of the potential route you may be taken on. They really are invaluable lessons.
Learning to drive is quite a daunting process but it doesn't have to be with the right school. At the RSA School of Motoring we are here to help you in any stage you are in, whether you are a complete beginner or just need some pointers on how to pass the test.
Please feel free to look through our website for more information, some great deals and some real testimonials from our past students. Or us a ring and one of our friendly staff member will be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://drivinglessonsleinster.ie/edt-what-is-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647892.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322151300-20180322171300-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96127 | 1,170 | 2.609375 | 3 | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa>_7 | :
The EDT was introduced by the Government back in 2011 due to stats at the time that clearly showed that inexperienced young drivers were more at risk to themselves and others on the road. | 189 |
What is EDT?:
The EDT means ‘Essential Driving Training’. The EDT is relatively new and has been a topic of confusion for a lot of people in the past few years. Gone are the easy days that your parents or friends could teach you to drive. It may seem really daunting but believe us when we say that it is not that complicated. We at RSA School of Motoring are here to explain everything to you and give you the information you need to successfully complete your EDT training.
Why was the EDT was introduced?:
The EDT was introduced by the Government back in 2011 due to stats at the time that clearly showed that inexperienced young drivers were more at risk to themselves and others on the road. The EDT was designed to help young drivers become safer and more competent drivers. Each lesson focuses on each aspect of driving from correct positioning on the road to speed management. On completion of the EDT all new drivers will have the skills required to ensure the road is a safer place for everyone.
EDT Lesson breakdown
The 12 EDT lessons are set out like this:
- Lesson 1: Car Controls and Safety Checks
- Lesson 2: Correct Positioning
- Lesson 3: Changing Direction
- Lesson 4: Progression Management
- Lesson 5: Correct Positioning (advanced)
- Lesson 6: Anticipation and Reaction
- Lesson 7: Sharing the Road
- Lesson 8: Driving Safely Through Traffic
- Lesson 9: Changing Direction (advanced)
- Lesson 10: Speed Management
- Lesson 11: Driving Calmly
- Lesson 12: Night Driving
Lessons 1-8 must be taken in the order shown above. Lessons 9-12 can be taken in any order. In order to complete your EDT taining and be eligible to apply for the driving test, all 12 lessons have to be completed with a filled in logbook as your proof.
The logbook is given you when you take your first lesson with your approved driving instructor or ADI. The logbook must be kept safe at all times as it is an important document. Each lesson taken with your ADI will be logged in your logbook and also logged manually on the RSA portal website. Only an approved driving instructor can complete the logbook.
There is space for your ADI to write comments after each lesson and pointers can be made on what you may need to work on to improve. This is an invaluable tool when furthering your practice and is also extremely helpful for your selected sponsor. Your sponsor is also encouraged to write in comments after each filler lesson. This way everyone will know what level the student is at.
The logbook is used as proof of completion of each lesson of the EDT.
What is a sponsor?:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be an approved driving instructor. The chosen sponsor must be an experienced driver and hold a full driver's license for at least 2 years.
The role of the sponsor is to take the learner driver out on filler lessons. These filler lessons should be taken after each EDT lesson with your ADI. The purpose of the practice lesson is to practice what you have learnt and see if you have made any progress. Your sponsor should base your filler lessons around what comments your instructor has left in your logbook. This way the learner driver gets the most out of the lesson and focuses on what they need to improve on.
If you have been asked to be a sponsor, it may be an advantage to look over the rules of the road ahead of the filler lessons to ensure you are more beneficial to your learner driver. This role should be taken seriously and if you feel you cannot commit your time or energy into it, just say no! At the end of the day if you are not committed to being a sponsor it will only stop the learner driver improving their driving skills and make the whole process longer than needed to be.
Choosing a sponsor:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be your ADI. Whoever you choose it is purely your choice. The main thing you must ask yourself is, ‘Can i trust this person?’, ‘Will this person keep me calm or stress me out?’, ‘Will this person make time for me to practice with them?’. If the answer is no to any of these questions, ask someone else. Picking the right sponsor is really important so take some time to choose. If at any stage this person is not working for you, don't worry, you can always change to someone else.
So you’ve completed all 12 EDT lessons with your ADI and completed filler lessons with your sponsor and having held your drivers permit for a minimum of 6 months you can finally apply for your drivers test. After you receive your test date, it is advised that you have some pretest lessons with your ADI. These lessons help you pass the test and give you an idea of the potential route you may be taken on. They really are invaluable lessons.
Learning to drive is quite a daunting process but it doesn't have to be with the right school. At the RSA School of Motoring we are here to help you in any stage you are in, whether you are a complete beginner or just need some pointers on how to pass the test.
Please feel free to look through our website for more information, some great deals and some real testimonials from our past students. Or us a ring and one of our friendly staff member will be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://drivinglessonsleinster.ie/edt-what-is-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647892.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322151300-20180322171300-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96127 | 1,170 | 2.609375 | 3 | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa>_8 | The EDT was designed to help young drivers become safer and more competent drivers. | 83 |
What is EDT?:
The EDT means ‘Essential Driving Training’. The EDT is relatively new and has been a topic of confusion for a lot of people in the past few years. Gone are the easy days that your parents or friends could teach you to drive. It may seem really daunting but believe us when we say that it is not that complicated. We at RSA School of Motoring are here to explain everything to you and give you the information you need to successfully complete your EDT training.
Why was the EDT was introduced?:
The EDT was introduced by the Government back in 2011 due to stats at the time that clearly showed that inexperienced young drivers were more at risk to themselves and others on the road. The EDT was designed to help young drivers become safer and more competent drivers. Each lesson focuses on each aspect of driving from correct positioning on the road to speed management. On completion of the EDT all new drivers will have the skills required to ensure the road is a safer place for everyone.
EDT Lesson breakdown
The 12 EDT lessons are set out like this:
- Lesson 1: Car Controls and Safety Checks
- Lesson 2: Correct Positioning
- Lesson 3: Changing Direction
- Lesson 4: Progression Management
- Lesson 5: Correct Positioning (advanced)
- Lesson 6: Anticipation and Reaction
- Lesson 7: Sharing the Road
- Lesson 8: Driving Safely Through Traffic
- Lesson 9: Changing Direction (advanced)
- Lesson 10: Speed Management
- Lesson 11: Driving Calmly
- Lesson 12: Night Driving
Lessons 1-8 must be taken in the order shown above. Lessons 9-12 can be taken in any order. In order to complete your EDT taining and be eligible to apply for the driving test, all 12 lessons have to be completed with a filled in logbook as your proof.
The logbook is given you when you take your first lesson with your approved driving instructor or ADI. The logbook must be kept safe at all times as it is an important document. Each lesson taken with your ADI will be logged in your logbook and also logged manually on the RSA portal website. Only an approved driving instructor can complete the logbook.
There is space for your ADI to write comments after each lesson and pointers can be made on what you may need to work on to improve. This is an invaluable tool when furthering your practice and is also extremely helpful for your selected sponsor. Your sponsor is also encouraged to write in comments after each filler lesson. This way everyone will know what level the student is at.
The logbook is used as proof of completion of each lesson of the EDT.
What is a sponsor?:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be an approved driving instructor. The chosen sponsor must be an experienced driver and hold a full driver's license for at least 2 years.
The role of the sponsor is to take the learner driver out on filler lessons. These filler lessons should be taken after each EDT lesson with your ADI. The purpose of the practice lesson is to practice what you have learnt and see if you have made any progress. Your sponsor should base your filler lessons around what comments your instructor has left in your logbook. This way the learner driver gets the most out of the lesson and focuses on what they need to improve on.
If you have been asked to be a sponsor, it may be an advantage to look over the rules of the road ahead of the filler lessons to ensure you are more beneficial to your learner driver. This role should be taken seriously and if you feel you cannot commit your time or energy into it, just say no! At the end of the day if you are not committed to being a sponsor it will only stop the learner driver improving their driving skills and make the whole process longer than needed to be.
Choosing a sponsor:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be your ADI. Whoever you choose it is purely your choice. The main thing you must ask yourself is, ‘Can i trust this person?’, ‘Will this person keep me calm or stress me out?’, ‘Will this person make time for me to practice with them?’. If the answer is no to any of these questions, ask someone else. Picking the right sponsor is really important so take some time to choose. If at any stage this person is not working for you, don't worry, you can always change to someone else.
So you’ve completed all 12 EDT lessons with your ADI and completed filler lessons with your sponsor and having held your drivers permit for a minimum of 6 months you can finally apply for your drivers test. After you receive your test date, it is advised that you have some pretest lessons with your ADI. These lessons help you pass the test and give you an idea of the potential route you may be taken on. They really are invaluable lessons.
Learning to drive is quite a daunting process but it doesn't have to be with the right school. At the RSA School of Motoring we are here to help you in any stage you are in, whether you are a complete beginner or just need some pointers on how to pass the test.
Please feel free to look through our website for more information, some great deals and some real testimonials from our past students. Or us a ring and one of our friendly staff member will be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://drivinglessonsleinster.ie/edt-what-is-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647892.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322151300-20180322171300-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96127 | 1,170 | 2.609375 | 3 | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa>_9 | Each lesson focuses on each aspect of driving from correct positioning on the road to speed management. | 103 |
What is EDT?:
The EDT means ‘Essential Driving Training’. The EDT is relatively new and has been a topic of confusion for a lot of people in the past few years. Gone are the easy days that your parents or friends could teach you to drive. It may seem really daunting but believe us when we say that it is not that complicated. We at RSA School of Motoring are here to explain everything to you and give you the information you need to successfully complete your EDT training.
Why was the EDT was introduced?:
The EDT was introduced by the Government back in 2011 due to stats at the time that clearly showed that inexperienced young drivers were more at risk to themselves and others on the road. The EDT was designed to help young drivers become safer and more competent drivers. Each lesson focuses on each aspect of driving from correct positioning on the road to speed management. On completion of the EDT all new drivers will have the skills required to ensure the road is a safer place for everyone.
EDT Lesson breakdown
The 12 EDT lessons are set out like this:
- Lesson 1: Car Controls and Safety Checks
- Lesson 2: Correct Positioning
- Lesson 3: Changing Direction
- Lesson 4: Progression Management
- Lesson 5: Correct Positioning (advanced)
- Lesson 6: Anticipation and Reaction
- Lesson 7: Sharing the Road
- Lesson 8: Driving Safely Through Traffic
- Lesson 9: Changing Direction (advanced)
- Lesson 10: Speed Management
- Lesson 11: Driving Calmly
- Lesson 12: Night Driving
Lessons 1-8 must be taken in the order shown above. Lessons 9-12 can be taken in any order. In order to complete your EDT taining and be eligible to apply for the driving test, all 12 lessons have to be completed with a filled in logbook as your proof.
The logbook is given you when you take your first lesson with your approved driving instructor or ADI. The logbook must be kept safe at all times as it is an important document. Each lesson taken with your ADI will be logged in your logbook and also logged manually on the RSA portal website. Only an approved driving instructor can complete the logbook.
There is space for your ADI to write comments after each lesson and pointers can be made on what you may need to work on to improve. This is an invaluable tool when furthering your practice and is also extremely helpful for your selected sponsor. Your sponsor is also encouraged to write in comments after each filler lesson. This way everyone will know what level the student is at.
The logbook is used as proof of completion of each lesson of the EDT.
What is a sponsor?:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be an approved driving instructor. The chosen sponsor must be an experienced driver and hold a full driver's license for at least 2 years.
The role of the sponsor is to take the learner driver out on filler lessons. These filler lessons should be taken after each EDT lesson with your ADI. The purpose of the practice lesson is to practice what you have learnt and see if you have made any progress. Your sponsor should base your filler lessons around what comments your instructor has left in your logbook. This way the learner driver gets the most out of the lesson and focuses on what they need to improve on.
If you have been asked to be a sponsor, it may be an advantage to look over the rules of the road ahead of the filler lessons to ensure you are more beneficial to your learner driver. This role should be taken seriously and if you feel you cannot commit your time or energy into it, just say no! At the end of the day if you are not committed to being a sponsor it will only stop the learner driver improving their driving skills and make the whole process longer than needed to be.
Choosing a sponsor:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be your ADI. Whoever you choose it is purely your choice. The main thing you must ask yourself is, ‘Can i trust this person?’, ‘Will this person keep me calm or stress me out?’, ‘Will this person make time for me to practice with them?’. If the answer is no to any of these questions, ask someone else. Picking the right sponsor is really important so take some time to choose. If at any stage this person is not working for you, don't worry, you can always change to someone else.
So you’ve completed all 12 EDT lessons with your ADI and completed filler lessons with your sponsor and having held your drivers permit for a minimum of 6 months you can finally apply for your drivers test. After you receive your test date, it is advised that you have some pretest lessons with your ADI. These lessons help you pass the test and give you an idea of the potential route you may be taken on. They really are invaluable lessons.
Learning to drive is quite a daunting process but it doesn't have to be with the right school. At the RSA School of Motoring we are here to help you in any stage you are in, whether you are a complete beginner or just need some pointers on how to pass the test.
Please feel free to look through our website for more information, some great deals and some real testimonials from our past students. Or us a ring and one of our friendly staff member will be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://drivinglessonsleinster.ie/edt-what-is-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647892.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322151300-20180322171300-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96127 | 1,170 | 2.609375 | 3 | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa>_10 | On completion of the EDT all new drivers will have the skills required to ensure the road is a safer place for everyone. | 120 |
What is EDT?:
The EDT means ‘Essential Driving Training’. The EDT is relatively new and has been a topic of confusion for a lot of people in the past few years. Gone are the easy days that your parents or friends could teach you to drive. It may seem really daunting but believe us when we say that it is not that complicated. We at RSA School of Motoring are here to explain everything to you and give you the information you need to successfully complete your EDT training.
Why was the EDT was introduced?:
The EDT was introduced by the Government back in 2011 due to stats at the time that clearly showed that inexperienced young drivers were more at risk to themselves and others on the road. The EDT was designed to help young drivers become safer and more competent drivers. Each lesson focuses on each aspect of driving from correct positioning on the road to speed management. On completion of the EDT all new drivers will have the skills required to ensure the road is a safer place for everyone.
EDT Lesson breakdown
The 12 EDT lessons are set out like this:
- Lesson 1: Car Controls and Safety Checks
- Lesson 2: Correct Positioning
- Lesson 3: Changing Direction
- Lesson 4: Progression Management
- Lesson 5: Correct Positioning (advanced)
- Lesson 6: Anticipation and Reaction
- Lesson 7: Sharing the Road
- Lesson 8: Driving Safely Through Traffic
- Lesson 9: Changing Direction (advanced)
- Lesson 10: Speed Management
- Lesson 11: Driving Calmly
- Lesson 12: Night Driving
Lessons 1-8 must be taken in the order shown above. Lessons 9-12 can be taken in any order. In order to complete your EDT taining and be eligible to apply for the driving test, all 12 lessons have to be completed with a filled in logbook as your proof.
The logbook is given you when you take your first lesson with your approved driving instructor or ADI. The logbook must be kept safe at all times as it is an important document. Each lesson taken with your ADI will be logged in your logbook and also logged manually on the RSA portal website. Only an approved driving instructor can complete the logbook.
There is space for your ADI to write comments after each lesson and pointers can be made on what you may need to work on to improve. This is an invaluable tool when furthering your practice and is also extremely helpful for your selected sponsor. Your sponsor is also encouraged to write in comments after each filler lesson. This way everyone will know what level the student is at.
The logbook is used as proof of completion of each lesson of the EDT.
What is a sponsor?:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be an approved driving instructor. The chosen sponsor must be an experienced driver and hold a full driver's license for at least 2 years.
The role of the sponsor is to take the learner driver out on filler lessons. These filler lessons should be taken after each EDT lesson with your ADI. The purpose of the practice lesson is to practice what you have learnt and see if you have made any progress. Your sponsor should base your filler lessons around what comments your instructor has left in your logbook. This way the learner driver gets the most out of the lesson and focuses on what they need to improve on.
If you have been asked to be a sponsor, it may be an advantage to look over the rules of the road ahead of the filler lessons to ensure you are more beneficial to your learner driver. This role should be taken seriously and if you feel you cannot commit your time or energy into it, just say no! At the end of the day if you are not committed to being a sponsor it will only stop the learner driver improving their driving skills and make the whole process longer than needed to be.
Choosing a sponsor:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be your ADI. Whoever you choose it is purely your choice. The main thing you must ask yourself is, ‘Can i trust this person?’, ‘Will this person keep me calm or stress me out?’, ‘Will this person make time for me to practice with them?’. If the answer is no to any of these questions, ask someone else. Picking the right sponsor is really important so take some time to choose. If at any stage this person is not working for you, don't worry, you can always change to someone else.
So you’ve completed all 12 EDT lessons with your ADI and completed filler lessons with your sponsor and having held your drivers permit for a minimum of 6 months you can finally apply for your drivers test. After you receive your test date, it is advised that you have some pretest lessons with your ADI. These lessons help you pass the test and give you an idea of the potential route you may be taken on. They really are invaluable lessons.
Learning to drive is quite a daunting process but it doesn't have to be with the right school. At the RSA School of Motoring we are here to help you in any stage you are in, whether you are a complete beginner or just need some pointers on how to pass the test.
Please feel free to look through our website for more information, some great deals and some real testimonials from our past students. Or us a ring and one of our friendly staff member will be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://drivinglessonsleinster.ie/edt-what-is-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647892.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322151300-20180322171300-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96127 | 1,170 | 2.609375 | 3 | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa>_13 | In order to complete your EDT taining and be eligible to apply for the driving test, all 12 lessons have to be completed with a filled in logbook as your proof. | 160 |
What is EDT?:
The EDT means ‘Essential Driving Training’. The EDT is relatively new and has been a topic of confusion for a lot of people in the past few years. Gone are the easy days that your parents or friends could teach you to drive. It may seem really daunting but believe us when we say that it is not that complicated. We at RSA School of Motoring are here to explain everything to you and give you the information you need to successfully complete your EDT training.
Why was the EDT was introduced?:
The EDT was introduced by the Government back in 2011 due to stats at the time that clearly showed that inexperienced young drivers were more at risk to themselves and others on the road. The EDT was designed to help young drivers become safer and more competent drivers. Each lesson focuses on each aspect of driving from correct positioning on the road to speed management. On completion of the EDT all new drivers will have the skills required to ensure the road is a safer place for everyone.
EDT Lesson breakdown
The 12 EDT lessons are set out like this:
- Lesson 1: Car Controls and Safety Checks
- Lesson 2: Correct Positioning
- Lesson 3: Changing Direction
- Lesson 4: Progression Management
- Lesson 5: Correct Positioning (advanced)
- Lesson 6: Anticipation and Reaction
- Lesson 7: Sharing the Road
- Lesson 8: Driving Safely Through Traffic
- Lesson 9: Changing Direction (advanced)
- Lesson 10: Speed Management
- Lesson 11: Driving Calmly
- Lesson 12: Night Driving
Lessons 1-8 must be taken in the order shown above. Lessons 9-12 can be taken in any order. In order to complete your EDT taining and be eligible to apply for the driving test, all 12 lessons have to be completed with a filled in logbook as your proof.
The logbook is given you when you take your first lesson with your approved driving instructor or ADI. The logbook must be kept safe at all times as it is an important document. Each lesson taken with your ADI will be logged in your logbook and also logged manually on the RSA portal website. Only an approved driving instructor can complete the logbook.
There is space for your ADI to write comments after each lesson and pointers can be made on what you may need to work on to improve. This is an invaluable tool when furthering your practice and is also extremely helpful for your selected sponsor. Your sponsor is also encouraged to write in comments after each filler lesson. This way everyone will know what level the student is at.
The logbook is used as proof of completion of each lesson of the EDT.
What is a sponsor?:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be an approved driving instructor. The chosen sponsor must be an experienced driver and hold a full driver's license for at least 2 years.
The role of the sponsor is to take the learner driver out on filler lessons. These filler lessons should be taken after each EDT lesson with your ADI. The purpose of the practice lesson is to practice what you have learnt and see if you have made any progress. Your sponsor should base your filler lessons around what comments your instructor has left in your logbook. This way the learner driver gets the most out of the lesson and focuses on what they need to improve on.
If you have been asked to be a sponsor, it may be an advantage to look over the rules of the road ahead of the filler lessons to ensure you are more beneficial to your learner driver. This role should be taken seriously and if you feel you cannot commit your time or energy into it, just say no! At the end of the day if you are not committed to being a sponsor it will only stop the learner driver improving their driving skills and make the whole process longer than needed to be.
Choosing a sponsor:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be your ADI. Whoever you choose it is purely your choice. The main thing you must ask yourself is, ‘Can i trust this person?’, ‘Will this person keep me calm or stress me out?’, ‘Will this person make time for me to practice with them?’. If the answer is no to any of these questions, ask someone else. Picking the right sponsor is really important so take some time to choose. If at any stage this person is not working for you, don't worry, you can always change to someone else.
So you’ve completed all 12 EDT lessons with your ADI and completed filler lessons with your sponsor and having held your drivers permit for a minimum of 6 months you can finally apply for your drivers test. After you receive your test date, it is advised that you have some pretest lessons with your ADI. These lessons help you pass the test and give you an idea of the potential route you may be taken on. They really are invaluable lessons.
Learning to drive is quite a daunting process but it doesn't have to be with the right school. At the RSA School of Motoring we are here to help you in any stage you are in, whether you are a complete beginner or just need some pointers on how to pass the test.
Please feel free to look through our website for more information, some great deals and some real testimonials from our past students. Or us a ring and one of our friendly staff member will be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://drivinglessonsleinster.ie/edt-what-is-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647892.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322151300-20180322171300-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96127 | 1,170 | 2.609375 | 3 | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa>_14 | The logbook is given you when you take your first lesson with your approved driving instructor or ADI. | 102 |
What is EDT?:
The EDT means ‘Essential Driving Training’. The EDT is relatively new and has been a topic of confusion for a lot of people in the past few years. Gone are the easy days that your parents or friends could teach you to drive. It may seem really daunting but believe us when we say that it is not that complicated. We at RSA School of Motoring are here to explain everything to you and give you the information you need to successfully complete your EDT training.
Why was the EDT was introduced?:
The EDT was introduced by the Government back in 2011 due to stats at the time that clearly showed that inexperienced young drivers were more at risk to themselves and others on the road. The EDT was designed to help young drivers become safer and more competent drivers. Each lesson focuses on each aspect of driving from correct positioning on the road to speed management. On completion of the EDT all new drivers will have the skills required to ensure the road is a safer place for everyone.
EDT Lesson breakdown
The 12 EDT lessons are set out like this:
- Lesson 1: Car Controls and Safety Checks
- Lesson 2: Correct Positioning
- Lesson 3: Changing Direction
- Lesson 4: Progression Management
- Lesson 5: Correct Positioning (advanced)
- Lesson 6: Anticipation and Reaction
- Lesson 7: Sharing the Road
- Lesson 8: Driving Safely Through Traffic
- Lesson 9: Changing Direction (advanced)
- Lesson 10: Speed Management
- Lesson 11: Driving Calmly
- Lesson 12: Night Driving
Lessons 1-8 must be taken in the order shown above. Lessons 9-12 can be taken in any order. In order to complete your EDT taining and be eligible to apply for the driving test, all 12 lessons have to be completed with a filled in logbook as your proof.
The logbook is given you when you take your first lesson with your approved driving instructor or ADI. The logbook must be kept safe at all times as it is an important document. Each lesson taken with your ADI will be logged in your logbook and also logged manually on the RSA portal website. Only an approved driving instructor can complete the logbook.
There is space for your ADI to write comments after each lesson and pointers can be made on what you may need to work on to improve. This is an invaluable tool when furthering your practice and is also extremely helpful for your selected sponsor. Your sponsor is also encouraged to write in comments after each filler lesson. This way everyone will know what level the student is at.
The logbook is used as proof of completion of each lesson of the EDT.
What is a sponsor?:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be an approved driving instructor. The chosen sponsor must be an experienced driver and hold a full driver's license for at least 2 years.
The role of the sponsor is to take the learner driver out on filler lessons. These filler lessons should be taken after each EDT lesson with your ADI. The purpose of the practice lesson is to practice what you have learnt and see if you have made any progress. Your sponsor should base your filler lessons around what comments your instructor has left in your logbook. This way the learner driver gets the most out of the lesson and focuses on what they need to improve on.
If you have been asked to be a sponsor, it may be an advantage to look over the rules of the road ahead of the filler lessons to ensure you are more beneficial to your learner driver. This role should be taken seriously and if you feel you cannot commit your time or energy into it, just say no! At the end of the day if you are not committed to being a sponsor it will only stop the learner driver improving their driving skills and make the whole process longer than needed to be.
Choosing a sponsor:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be your ADI. Whoever you choose it is purely your choice. The main thing you must ask yourself is, ‘Can i trust this person?’, ‘Will this person keep me calm or stress me out?’, ‘Will this person make time for me to practice with them?’. If the answer is no to any of these questions, ask someone else. Picking the right sponsor is really important so take some time to choose. If at any stage this person is not working for you, don't worry, you can always change to someone else.
So you’ve completed all 12 EDT lessons with your ADI and completed filler lessons with your sponsor and having held your drivers permit for a minimum of 6 months you can finally apply for your drivers test. After you receive your test date, it is advised that you have some pretest lessons with your ADI. These lessons help you pass the test and give you an idea of the potential route you may be taken on. They really are invaluable lessons.
Learning to drive is quite a daunting process but it doesn't have to be with the right school. At the RSA School of Motoring we are here to help you in any stage you are in, whether you are a complete beginner or just need some pointers on how to pass the test.
Please feel free to look through our website for more information, some great deals and some real testimonials from our past students. Or us a ring and one of our friendly staff member will be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://drivinglessonsleinster.ie/edt-what-is-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647892.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322151300-20180322171300-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96127 | 1,170 | 2.609375 | 3 | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa>_15 | The logbook must be kept safe at all times as it is an important document. | 74 |
What is EDT?:
The EDT means ‘Essential Driving Training’. The EDT is relatively new and has been a topic of confusion for a lot of people in the past few years. Gone are the easy days that your parents or friends could teach you to drive. It may seem really daunting but believe us when we say that it is not that complicated. We at RSA School of Motoring are here to explain everything to you and give you the information you need to successfully complete your EDT training.
Why was the EDT was introduced?:
The EDT was introduced by the Government back in 2011 due to stats at the time that clearly showed that inexperienced young drivers were more at risk to themselves and others on the road. The EDT was designed to help young drivers become safer and more competent drivers. Each lesson focuses on each aspect of driving from correct positioning on the road to speed management. On completion of the EDT all new drivers will have the skills required to ensure the road is a safer place for everyone.
EDT Lesson breakdown
The 12 EDT lessons are set out like this:
- Lesson 1: Car Controls and Safety Checks
- Lesson 2: Correct Positioning
- Lesson 3: Changing Direction
- Lesson 4: Progression Management
- Lesson 5: Correct Positioning (advanced)
- Lesson 6: Anticipation and Reaction
- Lesson 7: Sharing the Road
- Lesson 8: Driving Safely Through Traffic
- Lesson 9: Changing Direction (advanced)
- Lesson 10: Speed Management
- Lesson 11: Driving Calmly
- Lesson 12: Night Driving
Lessons 1-8 must be taken in the order shown above. Lessons 9-12 can be taken in any order. In order to complete your EDT taining and be eligible to apply for the driving test, all 12 lessons have to be completed with a filled in logbook as your proof.
The logbook is given you when you take your first lesson with your approved driving instructor or ADI. The logbook must be kept safe at all times as it is an important document. Each lesson taken with your ADI will be logged in your logbook and also logged manually on the RSA portal website. Only an approved driving instructor can complete the logbook.
There is space for your ADI to write comments after each lesson and pointers can be made on what you may need to work on to improve. This is an invaluable tool when furthering your practice and is also extremely helpful for your selected sponsor. Your sponsor is also encouraged to write in comments after each filler lesson. This way everyone will know what level the student is at.
The logbook is used as proof of completion of each lesson of the EDT.
What is a sponsor?:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be an approved driving instructor. The chosen sponsor must be an experienced driver and hold a full driver's license for at least 2 years.
The role of the sponsor is to take the learner driver out on filler lessons. These filler lessons should be taken after each EDT lesson with your ADI. The purpose of the practice lesson is to practice what you have learnt and see if you have made any progress. Your sponsor should base your filler lessons around what comments your instructor has left in your logbook. This way the learner driver gets the most out of the lesson and focuses on what they need to improve on.
If you have been asked to be a sponsor, it may be an advantage to look over the rules of the road ahead of the filler lessons to ensure you are more beneficial to your learner driver. This role should be taken seriously and if you feel you cannot commit your time or energy into it, just say no! At the end of the day if you are not committed to being a sponsor it will only stop the learner driver improving their driving skills and make the whole process longer than needed to be.
Choosing a sponsor:
A sponsor is someone the learner driver can choose themselves like a parent, Aunt/Uncle or it can even be your ADI. Whoever you choose it is purely your choice. The main thing you must ask yourself is, ‘Can i trust this person?’, ‘Will this person keep me calm or stress me out?’, ‘Will this person make time for me to practice with them?’. If the answer is no to any of these questions, ask someone else. Picking the right sponsor is really important so take some time to choose. If at any stage this person is not working for you, don't worry, you can always change to someone else.
So you’ve completed all 12 EDT lessons with your ADI and completed filler lessons with your sponsor and having held your drivers permit for a minimum of 6 months you can finally apply for your drivers test. After you receive your test date, it is advised that you have some pretest lessons with your ADI. These lessons help you pass the test and give you an idea of the potential route you may be taken on. They really are invaluable lessons.
Learning to drive is quite a daunting process but it doesn't have to be with the right school. At the RSA School of Motoring we are here to help you in any stage you are in, whether you are a complete beginner or just need some pointers on how to pass the test.
Please feel free to look through our website for more information, some great deals and some real testimonials from our past students. Or us a ring and one of our friendly staff member will be happy to help. | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://drivinglessonsleinster.ie/edt-what-is-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647892.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322151300-20180322171300-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.96127 | 1,170 | 2.609375 | 3 | <urn:uuid:92365b0c-e7ad-4bbe-a8b2-b3b8b82b7ffa>_16 | Each lesson taken with your ADI will be logged in your logbook and also logged manually on the RSA portal website. | 114 |