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What is the size of the platelet? | Does size matter in platelet production? |
Diagnostic splenectomy for visceral leishmaniasis. | Diagnostic splenectomy for visceral leishmaniasis. |
What is the name of the diagnostic diagnosis of MPS IVa? | - Confirmed diagnosis of MPS IVa (documented history of reduced leucocyte GALNS enzyme activity relative to the normal range of the laboratory performing the assay AND/OR molecular analysis showing two pathogenic mutations in the GALNS gene) |
What was the goal of the present study? | The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether preoperative computed tomography (CT) is a useful modality for the diagnosis of axillary lymph node metastasis. The axillary lymph node status was examined in patients with primary breast cancer who had undergone surgery. In total, 75 patients were analyzed with preoperative contrast CT images, following which the patients underwent an intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy to determine possible predictors of axillary lymph node metastasis. The lymph node shape was classified into three groups, which included fat-, clear-and obscure-types. Multivariate analysis revealed that clear-type lymph nodes in preoperative contrast CT imaging may be an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis (odds ratio, 15; P=0.003). Therefore, the results indicated that preoperative CT examination is useful to predict axillary lymph node metastasis. |
What type of disease would prevent the use of epirubicin and/or Taxol | - Active cardiac disease that would preclude the use of epirubicin and/or Taxol |
What is the name of the HYPOTENSION that is a NEURO | EFFECTS OF MELATONIN TO REDUCE NOCTURNAL HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROGENIC ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION: |
What is the most functional cell in the central nervous system of susceptible SJL/J mice | The majority of infiltrating CD8+ T cells in the central nervous system of susceptible SJL/J mice infected with Theiler's virus are virus specific and fully functional. |
What are immunosuppressive agents? | Selective immunosuppressive agents. |
What is the name of the PCI? | - Indication of PCI with Xience prime, Nobori, or Promus element. |
What is allowed for the continuation of hormone replacement therapy? | - Any hormonal therapy directed at the malignant tumor must be discontinued at least one week prior to registration; continuation of hormone replacement therapy is permitted |
What is the potential for prompt lysis of an acute coronary artery thrombus | Renewed efforts are under way to apply clinically oriented coronary venous retroperfusion methods for treatment of myocardium jeopardized by major coronary artery obstructions. Based upon improved understanding of criteria for retroperfusion effectiveness and safety, improved arterial blood retroperfusion and pharmacologic agent retroinfusion techniques have been demonstrated to provide significant myocardial infarct salvage and enhance cardiac function. The retrograde systems also have a potential for prompt lysis of an acute coronary artery thrombus and for treatment of refractory arrhythmias. Retroperfusion may constitute an effective protective support when used in conjunction with new aggressive interventions, maintaining jeopardized myocardial viability and function pending permanent reversal of a severe coronary flow insufficiency or emergency revascularization in evolving acute infarction. Clinical applications are anticipated in the setting of unstable angina and arrhythmias, as circulatory assist during complex coronary angioplasty and thrombolytic procedures, and as adjunct support of cardiac surgery. |
What is the population of the population selected in a primary care clinic? | The population will be selected in a primary care clinic. |
What corticosteroid product did cortisol use? | - having used cortisol or any other corticosteroid products the last 6 months |
What is the hazard ratio for identifying patients at increased risk for cardiac death? | We examined prognostic interactions among cardiac autonomic function assessed by (123)I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) activity, hemoglobin, and kidney function in chronic heart failure patients. Anemia, chronic kidney disease, and impairment of cardiac sympathetic function have been shown as determinants of prognosis in heart failure patients, but there has been little information on their synergistic correlations with cardiac mortality. METHODS: After evaluations of hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 468 heart failure patients with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50% underwent cardiac (123)I-MIBG imaging before discharge and were then followed up for a mean interval of 60.5 mo with a primary endpoint of cardiac death. Cardiac (123)I-MIBG activity was quantified using heart-to-mediastinum ratio (HMR) and washout rate. RESULTS: For 89 fatal cardiac events documented (19.0%), besides New York Heart Association class, multivariate Cox analysis revealed HMR, hemoglobin, and estimated GFR as significant independent determinants, with hazard ratios of 0.215 (P = 0.0129; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.064-0.718), 0.821 (P = 0.0062; 95% CI, 0.708-0.946), and 0.984 (P = 0.0243; 95% CI, 0.970-0.998), respectively. Receiver-operating-characteristic analysis determined the thresholds for identifying patients at increased risk for cardiac death to be 1.57 for HMR, 11.9 g/dL for hemoglobin, and 46.4 mL/min/1.73 m(2) for estimated GFR. Combining the 4 independent predictors incrementally (P < 0.05) improved prognostic powers maximally up to a global chi(2) value of 97.3 compared with sole or other combinations. CONCLUSION: Hemoglobin, kidney function, and alterations of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity are independently and synergistically associated with increased cardiac mortality in chronic heart failure patients, together with New York Heart Association functional class. |
What is the cause of acute cocaine toxicity? | Antagonism of acute cocaine toxicity by buprenorphine. |
- Peripheral Neuropathy must be less than grade 1 than grade 1 - | - Peripheral Neuropathy must be less than grade 1 |
What is the best use of the endobutton technique? | BACKGROUND: Secure fixation is an important factor in the success of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. HYPOTHESIS: There is no difference in the mechanical behavior of reconstructions from method of fixation or method of testing. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions were performed with bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts in 48 human cadaveric knees. Three different fixation methods (Endobutton, interference screw, suture-post fixation) were compared under failure tensile loading and cyclic submaximal tensile loading. RESULTS: No difference was observed in ultimate load among the three techniques. Stiffness of the grafts was significantly lower for the suture technique than for the interference screw technique. Cyclic loading revealed significantly different failure rates: 0% of the Endobutton, 38% of the interference screw, and 100% of the suture-post groups. The relative movement of the femoral bone plug and the migration of the bone plug out of the femoral canal were lowest in the interference screw group. CONCLUSIONS: The suture-post fixation is not recommended. The interference screw technique showed the best results, but results were age-dependent, suggesting its best use is in younger patients. The Endobutton technique is recommended for older patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of testing are useful to the surgeon in making a choice of reconstruction technique. |
What is the development of an outpatient treatment system for cancer chemotherapy? | [The development of an outpatient treatment system for cancer chemotherapy]. |
What other antidepressants are used? | Other antidepressants. |
What is the ability to judge the romantic interest of others? | The ability to judge the romantic interest of others. |
What is the performance status of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group? | - Patients must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 (performance status of 2 will be allowed if poor performance status is thought to be directly secondary to patient's Hodgkin lymphoma [HL]) |
What did the Annexin V and PI positive chondrocytes increase in | There have so far been no studies on the apoptosis of adult articular chondrocytes after X-ray irradiation. The purpose of this study was to assess the apoptotic resistance of articular chondrocytes in X-ray radiation, in order to examine the possibility of irradiated allogenic chondrocyte implantation. Adult human chondrocytes of the non-degenerated cartilage group without X-ray irradiation did not show positive cells of Annexin V and PI staining in a 48 h culture. The Annexin V positive chondrocytes did not increase in a radiation dose dependent manner, and the PI positive cells were slightly increased at 30 Gy irradiation. In the degenerated cartilage group, the PI positive chondrocytes without irradiation were present, and both the Annexin V and PI positive chondrocytes increased in a radiation dose dependent manner. The Annexin V and PI positive staining of chondrocytes in the non-degenerated cartilage group was less than that of the degenerated cartilage group in the same dose of X-ray irradiation exposure. Loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, revealed in an early stage of apoptosis, did not show in the irradiated chondrocytes of the non-degenerated cartilage, but were demonstrated in those of the degenerated cartilage. These results demonstrated that the non-degenerated chondrocytes of X-ray irradiation were highly resistant for apoptosis, and this knowledge could be applied to allogenic chondrocytes implantation. |
Dosage/Dose Regimen: Dosage/Dose Regimen | Dosage/Dose Regimen: Study medication will be administered twice a day to the randomized eye days 1-3 post operatively BID |
What is the process of developing a computerised decision support tool? | BACKGROUND: There is an increasing move towards clinical decision making that engages the patient, which has led to the development and use of decision aids to support better decisions. The treatment of patients in atrial fibrillation (AF) with warfarin to prevent stroke is a decision that is sensitive to patient preferences as shown by a previous decision analysis. AIM: To develop a computerised decision support tool, building upon a previous decision analysis, which would engage individual patient preferences in reaching a shared decision on whether to take warfarin to prevent stroke. METHODS: The development process had two main phases: (1) the development phase which employed focus groups and repeated interviews with GPs/practice nurses and patients alongside an iterative development of a computerised tool; (2) the training and testing phase in which GPs and practice nurses underwent training in the use of the tool, including the use of simulated patients. The tool was then used in a feasibility study in a small number of patients with AF to inform the design of a subsequent randomised controlled trial. RESULTS: The prototype tool had three components: (1) derivation of an individual patient's values for relevant health states using a standard gamble; (2) presentation/discussion of a patient's risks of stroke using the Framingham equation and the benefits/risks of warfarin from a systematic literature review; and (3) decision making component incorporating the outcome of a Markov decision analysis model. Older patients could be taken through the decision analysis based computerised tool, and patients and clinicians welcomed information on risks and benefits of treatments. The tool required time and training to use. Patients' decisions in the feasibility phase did not necessarily coincide with the output of the decision analysis model, but decision conflict appeared to be reduced and both patients and GPs were satisfied with the process. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to develop a decision analysis based computer software package that is acceptable to elderly patients and clinicians, but it requires time and expertise to use. It is most likely that a tool of this type will best be used by a small number of clinicians who have developed experience of its use and can maintain their skills. |
What is the question posed in this article? | Advances in information technology have improved our ability to gather, collect and analyze information from individuals online. Social networks can be seen as a nonlinear superposition of a multitude of complex connections between people where the nodes represent individuals and the links between them capture a variety of different social interactions. The emergence of different types of social networks has fostered connections between individuals, thus facilitating data exchange in a variety of fields. Therefore, the question posed now is "can these same tools be applied to life sciences in order to improve scientific and medical research?" In this article, I will review how social networks and other web-based tools are changing the way we approach and track diseases in biomedical research. |
What was a previous lower extremity injury? | - A previous lower extremity injury; |
What is the name of the test that is used to test olfactory screening? | [Development of an olfactory screening test based on the Connecticut test (CCCRC)]. |
What is the potential of a catheter-based receiver probe? | This investigation explores the feasibility of a catheter-based receiver probe for NMR study of arterial walls. Simulations and phantom experiments demonstrate the spatial response of several "inside-out" probe coil designs, including loop, "birdcage," "multipole," "center return," and opposed solenoids. For a target defined by an annulus in a plane perpendicular to B0, the opposed solenoid design provides substantially superior homogeneity to other designs considered. Canine iliofemoral artery images were acquired using a catheter probe in a whole-body, 1.5-T clinical imaging system. In situ (cadaver) images acquired with TE 70, TR 2400, 2-mm slice thickness, and 78 x 78-microns in-plane voxel size in 10-min acquisition times show vessel wall structures identified as intima, internal elastic lamina, media, and adventitia. In vivo images from similar acquistion conditions are much more poorly resolved, presumably due to motion, despite the use of cardiac gating and gradient moment nulling, so the feasibility of obtaining high-resolution in vivo MR images of the arterial wall remains in doubt. |
What is the name of the graft that was transferred through the tunnel left after inf | We report successful replacement of infected axillofemoral bypass with a combined femoral vein and superficial femoral artery graft. The new graft was transferred through the tunnel left after infected prosthesis removal. Good early and long-term results indicate that this may be a sufficient procedure. |
What is the name of the disease that is not autoimmune? | - No autoimmune disease |
What is the name of the medication that is used to treat hives? | hives) while on this medication, seek medical help immediately. |
What is the THERAPEUTIC PROCESSES AND TREATMENT OUTCOM | THERAPEUTIC PROCESSES AND TREATMENT OUTCOME IN ADOLESCENTS WITH ANXIETY DISORDERS: |
What is the sign of osteonecrosis? | Signs of osteonecrosis are joint stiffness, aches and pains (especially of the hip, knee and shoulder) and difficulty in movement. |
What did the authors explore? | Using a correlation design, the authors explored the possible associations between patient outcomes and staff registered nurse absenteeism, separation from the work unit, and work load. Data analysis included a search for consistent patterns of relationships across acute care hospitals and over time. Nosocomial urinary tract and bloodstream infections correlated positively with absenteeism. The authors discuss clinical and methodological issues related to the findings. |
What was the cytoskeleton of rabbit PCT? | When proximal tubules are immersed in hypotonic medium, they quickly swell to a peak volume. In a second, slower phase, termed volume regulatory decrease (VRD), they shrink as K, anion, and water leave the cells. We investigated the role of the cytoskeleton during this biphasic hypotonic volume regulatory response. Isolated, collapsed rabbit proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) were crimped tightly between two pipettes, and their volume was assessed optically. PCT volume increased to a peak 70-80% above baseline on sudden immersion in dilute medium (150 mosmol/kgH2O). After completing VRD, control tubules had regulated their volume 73 +/- 2% back toward baseline. Tubules exposed to the microtubule inhibitor vincristine (5 microM) regulated 75 +/- 2%. Tubules exposed to the microfilament inhibitor cytochalasin B (50 microM) regulated less (57 +/- 5%), and tubules exposed to both inhibitors regulated only 39 +/- 3% (P less than 0.01 vs. control). Hypotonic VRD was unimpaired in PCT loaded with NaCl by prior exposure to ouabain but was significantly reduced by cytochalasin B. We conclude that VRD is not cation specific and that intact microtubules and microfilaments play a synergistic role in the VRD of rabbit PCT in hyposmotic medium. |
Follicular conjunctivitis | - Follicular conjunctivitis |
What is the causative agent of a mild form of hemorrhagic | Puumala virus, causative agent of a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, also known as nephropathia epidemica, induces long-lasting humoral and cellular immunity in patients. The virus itself is not cytopathic, and the immune responses to the virus may be involved in teh pathogenesis of the disease. |
What is the adolescent ratio of blood pH? | Diagnostic laboratory findings are decreased blood pH, plasma lactate levels above 5 mmol/l and increased anion gap and lactate/pyruvate ratio. |
What was the level of vascular endothelial growth factor measured after throm | OBJECTIVE: Platelet activation and subsequent release of granules containing a variety of growth factors, at the site of injury, is crucial for the wound healing process. We postulated that a platelet-mediated paracrine effect may accelerate the healing process after myocardial infarction. METHODS: Allogenic platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma (PRP and PPP) were collected from 15 healthy male Wistar rats. After thrombin activation, the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in PRP and PPP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A rat model of myocardial infarction was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery, and thrombin-activated PRP and PPP, respectively, were injected into the ischemic region. Seven days and 28 days after operation, surviving rats were killed. Ex-vivo left ventricular pressure-volume relationship was performed to evaluate passive diastolic function. Collagen analysis was performed by picrosirius red staining plus polarized microscopy. Angiogenesis and arteriogenesis were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS: After thrombin activation, VEGF level in PRP was significantly higher than that in PPP (187.5+/-45.5 vs. 30.1+/-7.8 pg/ml, P<0.01). Injection of thrombin-activated PRP into the infarcted area resulted in improvement of ventricular remodeling and accelerated healing, as demonstrated by limitation of ventricular expansion, attenuation of myocardial hypertrophy in the noninfarct region, facilitation of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in the infarct. CONCLUSION: Injection of thrombin-activated PRP could modulate favorably the postinfarction remodeling process. Platelet-released VEGF may participate in this protective effect. |
What is the immunosurveillance of alglucerase enzyme therapy for Gaucher patients | Immunosurveillance of alglucerase enzyme therapy for Gaucher patients: induction of humoral tolerance in seroconverted patients after repeat administration. |
What is the name of the constriction in the Bronchial constriction? | Bronchial constriction and inhaled colistin in cystic fibrosis. |
What is the term for a partial nephrectomy? | [Do broader indications for partial nephrectomy result in excess morbidity?]. |
What is the goal of a center-based short rehabilitation program? | [Effectiveness and compliance to a center-based short rehabilitation program with a home-based program for chronic low back pain]. |
What is the name of the nanoarchitectonics used in cancer therapy? | Nanoarchitectonics in cancer therapy and imaging diagnosis. |
What is the rate of recurrence of syringomyelia? | Post-traumatic syringomyelia (PTS) is a relatively rare, but potentially disastrous, complication of spinal cord injury. Operative treatment by shunting procedures often shows only a short-term improvement, and the rate of recurrence of syringomyelia is high, so different treatment modalities have been used in the last years. The various results are discussed in this analysis. A prospective clinical study was conducted of 30 patients with PTS treated by shunting procedures or with pseudomeningocele over a period of 9 years, and followed with regular clinical and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Shunting procedures like syringosubarachnoid and syringopleural or -peritoneal shunting showed good results only at the first follow-ups. In our department, we perform an artificial liquor reservoir at the level of the lesion after opening the spinal pathways and arachnoid adhesions at that level. This procedure was performed in 12 patients. Five of these had been previously operated by shunting procedures; all of them had suffered a recurrence of syringomyelia because of internal occlusion. In the group of patients treated by shunting procedures, a neurological improvement was be recorded in five, and a steady state in eight. Five patients showed a further deterioration. The performance of an artificial liquor reservoir to guarantee a free flow of cerebrospinal fluid around the lesion resulted in a neurological improvement in ten patients, with two maintaining a steady state. Our experience is that shunting procedures often show a neurological improvement only in the short term; the rate of recurrence of typical shunting complications is high. The performance of a pseudomeningocele is an encouraging new step in the treatment of PTS. Further long-term follow-up studies are necessary to assess the benefits of this new method. |
What is the condition of patients who have mental health problems? | - Patients are critically ill, had mental health problems or difficulty in communication |
What is the interferon-alpha signature of systemic lupus ery | The interferon-alpha signature of systemic lupus erythematosus. |
What is the late-life onset of psychotic symptoms? | Late-life onset of psychotic symptoms. |
What is the name of the change in the cytogenetic changes in subjects exposed to | Cytogenetic changes in subjects occupationally exposed to benzene. |
What is the STUDY OF THE INFLAMMATORY REACTION IN STAND | STUDY OF THE INFLAMMATORY REACTION IN STANDARD VS SINGLE PORT CHOLECYSTECTOMY FOR UNCOMPLICATED CHOLELITHIASIS: |
What is the ANCA associated systemic necrotizing vasculitides? | [Treatment of ANCA associated systemic necrotizing vasculitides]. |
What is the name of the product that cannot be put back in the refrigerator for a new | If the product is not used during the seven-day period, it cannot be put back in the refrigerator for a new storage period and must be discarded. |
What is a lipoprotein containing a unique glycoprotein? | Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a lipoprotein containing a unique glycoprotein, apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)), which shows considerable heterogeneity of apparent molecular mass on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A unifying classification of isoform has been lacking. A simple sensitive procedure for classifying apo(a) isoforms was developed in which the relative mobility of apo(a) on SDS-PAGE was related to that of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 (Rf vs B). After Western blotting apo(a) bands were visualised by a sensitive double antibody technique employing commercial polyclonal antibodies (sheep antihuman Lp(a) antibody, alkaline phosphatase-linked donkey antisheep antibody). The technique was sensitive (lower limit of detection 0.02 micrograms apo(a)) and had good reproducibility (coefficient of variation 0.9-6.4%). Ten isoform mobilities are described (less than 0.35, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 1.0, 1.10, greater than 1.15). Individuals may have single or double band phenotypes. This classification is compatible with those previously described and the method is suitable for many laboratories, as it employs standard equipment and commercially available materials. |
What is the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? | - Clinic patients with physician diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
What is the primary function of fetal fibronectin? | A systematic review and quality assessment of systematic reviews of fetal fibronectin and transvaginal length for predicting preterm birth. |
What is the optimal method of application? | BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Physiotherapists use a variety of techniques aimed at improving lung volumes and secretion clearance in patients after surgery. Periodic continuous positive airway pressure (PCPAP) is used to treat patients following elective upper abdominal surgery. However, the optimal method of application has not been identified, more specifically, the dosage of application of PCPAP. The present randomized controlled trial compared the effects of two dosages of PCPAP application and 'traditional' physiotherapy upon functional residual capacity (FRC), vital capacity (VC), oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SpO2), incidence of post-operative pulmonary complications and length of stay with a control group receiving 'traditional' physiotherapy only. METHOD: Fifty-seven subjects were randomly allocated to one of three groups. All groups received 'traditional' physiotherapy twice daily for a minimum of three post-operative days. In addition, two groups received PCPAP for 15 or 30 minutes, four times per day, for three days. RESULTS: Fifty subjects (39 male; 11 female) completed the study. There were no significant differences in any variables between the three groups. The overall incidence of post-operative pulmonary complications was 22% in the control group, 11% and 6% in the PCPAP 15-minute and PCPAP 30-minute groups, respectively. Length of hospital stay was not significantly different between the groups but for subjects who developed post-operative pulmonary complications, the length of stay was significantly greater (Z = -2.32; p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of PCPAP to a traditional physiotherapy post-operative treatment regimen after upper abdominal surgery did not significantly affect physiological or clinical outcomes. |
What is the process of destruction due to periodontitis often simulated? | Prior to experimental periodontal regenerative procedures in animals, the process of destruction due to periodontitis is often simulated by placing ligatures around the necks of teeth. 2 models, one using cotton floss ligatures and the other elastic rubber ligatures, have been widely used. The aim of this study was to compare these 2 methods using clinical and histometric criteria. Premolars on both sides of the mandibular jaw were used in 2 beagle dogs. Periodontal tissue breakdown was induced during a 48-day period using cotton floss ligatures on one side of the mandible and contra-laterally by elastic rubber ligatures. At weekly intervals, the ligatures were changed and pocket depth and loss of probing attachment were recorded. All the ligatures were removed after 7 weeks. The animals were fed a soft, plaque-promoting diet during the experimental period. 20 days after ligature removal, the teeth were hemisected and the 2 roots extracted. From each tooth, 1 root was prepared for scanning electron microscopy and one for light microscopy. At the time of extraction, no differences regarding pocket depth or probing attachment level were found between the 2 groups. Root resorption was observed in all elastic ligature teeth, whereas only minor alterations at the root surface were observed on cotton ligature teeth. This finding may be of particular interest to investigators designing studies evaluating the healing sequalae of regenerative surgery in animals. As was observed in this study, root resorption can already be present in the pre-experimental phase of periodontal tissue breakdown, particularly if elastic ligatures are used. |
What type of urination is used to treat organ transplants? | Primary hyperoxaluria type 1: strategy for organ transplantation. |
What is the name of the college of pharmacy at the University of Kentucky? | State and federal authorities in the USA have identified pharmacists as important in terrorism detection activities. However few pharmacists are trained for disaster response planning, or providing services at disaster sites. A distance training programme was created by the College of Pharmacy at the University of Kentucky, Chandler Medical Center (UKCMC) in collaboration with an academic Medical Center, urban and rural community pharmacists, experts in pharmacy and infectious disease, and two state pharmacy associations. There was a substantial improvement in bioterrorism training knowledge as judged by pre- and post-test results. During two years of training, a total of 142 licensed pharmacists received certification (approximately 4.7% of all those in Kentucky). In addition, a network of bioterrorism-trained pharmacists was created for the state. |
What is the non-invasive measurement of activated matrix metalloproteinases in | AIM: The non-invasive measurement of activated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in vivo, which are involved in many pathophysiological and pathological processes occurring in inflammation, cancer and atherosclerosis, is a clinical challenge. A diagnostic tool for the non-invasive detection of MMP activity in vivo is based on MMP inhibitor (MMPI) radiotracers. METHODS: We chose non-peptidyl broad-spectrum MMPI CGS 27023A 1 as a hydroxamic acid-based lead structure to design such a tracer. RESULTS: The radioligand HO-[(123)I]I-CGS 27023A was able to specifically visualize activated MMPs in vascular lesions of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice in vivo. Based upon this work the radiosynthesis of a fluorinated analogue of the MMP inhibitor CGS 27023A was developed. Its unlabeled counterpart was found to be a potent MMP inhibitor in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Application of this class of MMP-targeting agents in combination with molecular imaging modalities, such as positron emission tomography, may emerge as a novel clinical diagnostic tool in the management of human diseases with MMP misexpression and/or dysregulation. |
Subjects having a normal 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). | 6. Subjects having normal 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). |
What is the maximum difference between the hip prostheses? | Metal objects in the body such as hip prostheses cause artifacts in CT images. When CT images degraded by artifacts are used for treatment planning of radiotherapy, the artifacts can yield inaccurate dose calculations and, for particle beams, erroneous penetration depths. A metal artifact reduction software (O-MAR) installed on a Philips Brilliance Big Bore CT has been tested for applications in treatment planning of proton radiotherapy. Hip prostheses mounted in a water phantom were used as test objects. Images without metal objects were acquired and used as reference data for the analysis of artifact-affected regions outside of the metal objects in both the O-MAR corrected and the uncorrected images. Water equivalent thicknesses (WET) based on proton stopping power data were calculated to quantify differences in the calculated proton beam penetration for the different image sets. The WET to a selected point of interest between the hip prostheses was calculated for several beam directions of clinical relevance. The results show that the calculated differences in WET relative to the reference case were decreased when the O-MAR algorithm was applied. WET differences up to 2.0 cm were seen in the uncorrected case while, for the O-MAR corrected case, the maximum difference was decreased to 0.4 cm. The O-MAR algorithm can significantly improve the accuracy in proton range calculations. However, there are some residual effects, and the use of proton beam directions along artifact streaks should only be used with caution and appropriate margins. |
How many seras were tested in 2005? | A sero-epidemiological study was conducted on a goat farm that experienced an abortion epidemic in the 2005 breeding season in Tobago. Serum samples of goats (aborting and non-aborting) and cats were collected, in addition to the use of stored sera from the farm sampled in 2003 and 2004. Farm records on the reproductive and mortality rates for year 2003, 2004 and 2005 were also reviewed. The sera were screened for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using the latex agglutination test (LAT), Chlamydophila abortus with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Brucella abortus using the buffered plate agglutination test (BPAT). Farm records revealed that for the period 2003-2005, the average kid per doe rate decreased from 2.1 to 1.5, the mortality rate increased from 6.3% in 2002 to 19.4% in 2004 and the fertility rate decreased from 98-99% (2002-2004) to 89% (2005). There was a dramatic increase in the abortion rate from <1% (2002, 2003 and 2004) to 29.2% (2005). Of a total of 161 sera tested comprising 12 from 2003, 89 from 2004 and 70 from 2005, 0 (0.0%), 21 (23.6%) and 45 (64.3%) were positive for T. gondii agglutinins (i.e. titres > or =1 : 64) and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05; chi(2)). Of all serum samples tested, only 1 (1.1%) of 89 from 2004 was positive for C. abortus while all the sera tested were negative for B. abortus. Amongst the 24 does which aborted in 2005 and were available for testing in mid-2005, 15 (62.5%) had reciprocal titres of > or =1 : 2048, three (12.5%) each had titres of 1 : 1024, 1 : 256 and < or =1 : 16 i.e. negative. The seroprevalence and titres of does that aborted, 20 (87.0%) of 23, all with titres > or =1 : 256 suggesting current infection, were statistically significantly (P < 0.05; chi(2)) higher than was detected amongst does that delivered normal kids, 25 (53.25) of 47 with 22 (48.8%) having titres of > or =1 : 256. One (50.0%) of two cats caught and tested was seropositive with a reciprocal titre of 128. This is considered the first documentation of T. gondii agglutinins in caprine abortion as well the detection of C. abortus antibodies from livestock in Trinidad. It is concluded that of the three zoonotic abortifacient pathogens tested for, T. gondii appeared to have played some aetiological role in the abortion epidemic investigated. |
What is anaphylaxis a life-threatening reaction? | Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening reaction with respiratory, cardiovascular, cutaneous, or gastrointestinal manifestations resulting from exposure to an offending agent, usually a food, insect sting, medication, or physical factor. It causes approximately 1,500 deaths in the United States annually. Occasionally, anaphylaxis can be confused with septic or other forms of shock, asthma, airway foreign body, panic attack, or other entities. Urinary and serum histamine levels and plasma tryptase levels drawn after onset of symptoms may assist in diagnosis. Prompt treatment of anaphylaxis is critical, with subcutaneous or intramuscular epinephrine and intravenous fluids remaining the mainstay of management. Adjunctive measures include airway protection, antihistamines, steroids, and beta agonists. Patients taking beta blockers may require additional measures. Patients should be observed for delayed or protracted anaphylaxis and instructed on how to initiate urgent treatment for future episodes. |
What was the mean age of recipients? | BACKGROUND: Limited information is available in the literature about the use of organs from donation after cardiac death (DCD) renal transplantation (RTx) from a developing country. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report RTx outcome between DCD donors >/=70 years (Group 1; n = 14; mean age, 75.7 +/- 5.81) and DCD donors <70 years (Group 2; n = l9; mean age, 51.7 +/- 10.1) between January 1999 and January 2012. The mean age of recipients was 39.5 +/- 14.7 years, 24 of whom were males. The mean donor age was 61.9 +/- 14.6 years, 21 of whom were males. All recipients received single-dose thymoglobulin induction followed by immunosuppression with a steroid, a calcineurin inhibitor, and mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine. Statistical analysis used chi-square test and unpaired Student t test. Kaplan-Meier curves were used for survival analysis. RESULTS: Over a mean follow-up of 3.21 +/- 3.46 years, one-, five-, and ten-year, patient survival rates were 77%, 67.4%, and 67.4%, respectively, and death-censored graft survival rates were 85.7% for one, five, and ten years. Delayed graft function (DGF) was observed in 36.4% (n = 12) with 12.1% (n = 4) biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR). Patient survival (P = .27), graft survival (P = .20), DGF (P = .51), and BPAR (P = .74) were similar in 2 groups. A total of 27.2% (n = 9) of patients died, mainly due to infections (n = 5). CONCLUSION: Given the widespread organ shortage, outcomes of controlled DCD renal transplantation has a potential to expand the donor pool and shorten the waiting list for RTx, encouraging the use of this approach even in low-income countries. |
What is the relative proportion of pixel intensities in respective color planes? | A real time multimodal data acquisition imaging setup is developed for the electrophoretic movement of plasmonic nanoparticles. Movement of the nanoparticles is recorded by time-lapse digital imaging at 8-megapixel resolutions. The analysis of the moving nanoparticle band is performed using threshold image and color extraction at respective time frames. The migration dynamics is sensitive to size, nature and the extent of the surface conjugation to the nanoparticle. The dynamics of color intensity of the nanoparticles is shown to be dependent on the extent of stabilization of nanoparticle (by a given agent). The stability of nanoparticle is determined by stationary nature and also the relative proportions of pixel intensities in respective color planes (R, G and B). Detergents stabilize nanoparticles in a concentration dependent fashion. In case of neutral polymers the extent of stabilization depends on the relative proportion of the polymer and also on the nature of the same, e.g., PEG (polyethylene glycol) at low concentration imparts higher stability as compared to PVP (polyvinylpyrilidone). The ascending or declining temporal dynamics of color profiles observed in case of citrate stabilized or amino acid conjugated nanoparticles, represent enrichment of plasmonic particles, or their diffusion resulting from loss of charge during migration. The higher dimensional imaging technique thus can be exploited for discriminating the nanoparticles on the basis of their migration behavior and their stability as reflected from color dynamics. The technique is applicable to other nano-sized colored objects, e.g. proteins like hemoglobin where the protein color has important clinical value. |
What is the name of the inbred strain that is commonly known as? | Creation of lethal and synthetic lethal mutations in an experimental organism is a cornerstone of genetic dissection of gene function, and is related to the concept of an essential gene. Common inbred mouse strains carry background mutations, which can act as genetic modifiers, interfering with the assignment of gene essentiality. The inbred strain C57BL/6J, commonly known as "Black Six", stands out, as it carries a spontaneous homozygous deletion in the nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) gene [GenBank: AH009385.2], resulting in impairment of steroidogenic mitochondria of the adrenal gland, and a multitude of indirect modifier effects, coming from alteration of glucocorticoid-regulated processes. Over time, the popular strain has been used, by means of gene targeting technology, to assign "essential" and "redundant" qualifiers to numerous genes, thus creating an internally consistent "parallel universe" of knowledge. It is unrealistic to suggest phasing-out of this strain, given the scope of shared resources built around it, however, continuing on the road of "strain-unawareness" will result in profound waste of effort, particularly where translational research is concerned. The review analyzes the historical roots of this phenomenon and proposes that building of "parallel universes" should be urgently made visible to a critical reader by obligatory use of unambiguous and persistent tags in publications and databases, such as hypertext links, pointing to a vendor's strain description web page, or to a digital object identifier (d.o.i.) of the original publication, so that any research done exclusively in C57BL/6J, could be easily identified. REVIEWERS: This article was reviewed by Dr. Neil Smalheiser and Dr. Miguel Andrade-Navarro. |
How many pounds did the study gain within the 3 months prior to enrollment? | More than a 5 pound weight gain or weight loss within the 3 months prior to enrollment in the study. |
What are the | Outcome measures: |
At least a PR prior to allogeneic stem cell transplants prior to a | 3. Achievement of at least a PR prior to allogeneic stem cell transplant |
What is the highest in hippocampus and striatum? | Primary cultures of fetal rat septal neurons were used to identify a membrane-associated cholinergic neurotrophic activity. Under serum-free culture conditions, approximately 98% of the septal cells are neurons, and approximately 6% of the neurons are cholinergic as determined immunocytochemically. Crude membranes prepared from rat hippocampal homogenates stimulate choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in treated septal neurons. The membrane-associated trophic activity is apparent at lower protein concentrations than activity present in the soluble fraction and is unevenly distributed in various brain regions; it is highest in hippocampus and striatum and negligible in cerebellum. Membrane trophic activity is developmentally regulated, is heat and trypsin sensitive, and increases the rate of expression of ChAT in septal neurons. Upon gel filtration chromatography of a high-salt membrane extract, trophic activity elutes as a broad peak in the 500 kilodalton (kD) molecular mass range. Stimulation of septal neuronal ChAT activity by either crude membranes or partially purified preparations is not inhibited by antibodies against nerve growth factor (NGF), and its maximal activity is additive to maximally active doses of NGF. The results indicate that hippocampal membranes contain cholinergic neurotrophic activity which may be important for the development of septal cholinergic neurons. |
What is the main factor associated with meniscus repair in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament | Factors associated with meniscus repair in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. |
What is the term for a randomized controlled trial? | Dorsally displaced extra-articular distal radius fractures fixation: Dorsal IM nailing versus volar plating. A randomized controlled trial. |
What was the sensitivity of appropriate triage to pathologist review? | A 2-armed, masked study was performed on 1,275 AutoCyte PREP (TriPath, Burlington, NC) slides. Manual screening (current practice [CP]) was compared with automated screening with location-guided screening (LGS) using the AutoPap system with the SlideWizard 2 automated review microscopy station (TriPath). Cytologic adjudication determined "truth" for each slide. LGS identified more abnormal cases at all interpretive levels and classified abnormalities more specifically. For high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and above, the overall sensitivity of appropriate triage to pathologist review was 98.4% for LGS and 91.1% for CP. The appropriate triage for all abnormal cases was 92.1% for LGS and 87.9% for CP. The potential exists for more accurate and productive cytologic interpretation using this system, which requires no manual screening of a portion of slides and only limited review of another portion of "predotted" slides. |
What is the organ function ad hoc? | 9. Eligible organ function |
How many patients had mitral valve prolapse? | The clinical and echocardiographic manifestations in 25 patients with Marfan's syndrome diagnosed during infancy and childhood (mean [+/- SD] age, 8.1 +/- 4.8 years; range 0 to 16 years) were evaluated. Twenty-one patients (84%) had a midsystolic click, 11 patients (44%) had mitral regurgitation (MR), and five patients (20%) had combined MR and aortic regurgitation (AR). Echocardiography demonstrated mitral valve prolapse in all 25 patients, aortic root dilatation in 20 patients (80%), AR in seven patients (28%), and aortic aneurysm in five patients (20%). During the follow-up period (mean, 5 +/- 4.5 years), progressive AR and aortic aneurysm were documented in four patients, progressive MR in three patients, and progressive aortic root dilatation in two patients. Five patients (22%) died during the follow-up period. Among patients with a positive family history of Marfan's syndrome, MR was less frequent as compared with sporadic cases (29.4% vs 75%, respectively). Progressive cardiovascular involvement was more frequent among patients diagnosed before 10 years of age compared with those diagnosed later (60% vs 12.5%, respectively). Cardiovascular involvement was a common feature of childhood Marfan's syndrome, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Sporadic cases and children diagnosed before 10 years of age represented a particularly high-risk group. |
What is the zeta inhibitory peptide? | BACKGROUND: Given that impairment of fear extinction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), effective pharmacological interventions that facilitate fear extinction may provide alternative strategies to conventional treatment. It is generally accepted that the zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP), a controversial inhibitor of protein kinase M zeta (PKMzeta), could erase certain types of previously established long-term memories. However, it is unclear whether ZIP administration may alleviate PTSD-associated depressive and anxiety-like abnormalities. METHODS: Here we developed a re-stressed single-prolonged stress (SPS) paradigm, a modified prevalent animal model of PTSD, and assayed the expressions of PKMzeta in the hippocampus after SPS procedure. Next, Seven days prior to re-stress, ZIP was injected into the hippocampus, and the depressive and anxiety-like behavior was examined by the subsequent forced swim (FS), open-field and elevated plus maze (EPM) test. RESULTS: Rats given ZIP prior to FS exhibited a reduction of immobility time in FS test, and more open arms (OA) entries and longer OA duration in EPM. They also spent longer time in the center of the open field. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that re-stressed SPS could reproduce behavioral alteration similar to that observed in patients with PTSD, and these behavioral symptoms co-morbid with PTSD could be effectively alleviated by the intro-hippocampal administration of ZIP. |
Hypoglycaemia. | Hypoglycaemia. |
How much of the dose of rimonabant is eliminated in the urine? | an approximate 3% of the dose of rimonabant is eliminated in the urine, while approximately 86% of the dose is excreted in the faeces as unchanged drug and metabolites. |
What was the result of a positive ELISA reaction? | Cardiac hydatid cyst is a rare disease, especially in children. An 11-year-old boy with a previous anaphylactic reaction and episodes of abdominal pain was admitted for workup of an acquired long systolic murmur. Echocardiographic investigation disclosed a tumor of the right ventricular anterior wall, with multiple loculations. Magnetic resonance imaging characterized it as a multilobular tumor with cyst formation and disclosed another cyst in the right pulmonary artery. With a positive ELISA reaction the child was admitted for surgery with the diagnosis of cardiac and pulmonary hydatid cysts. Cardiac surgery was performed with good results, followed by medical treatment with albendazole. |
What is excluded from the list of a sexy sexy? | Excluded: |
What prevents restenosis in preclinical animal models? | Dichloroacetate prevents restenosis in preclinical animal models of vessel injury. |
What is the name of the disorder that has been hospitalized for depression in the past six months | - Psychotic disorders or bipolar disorders, hospitalization for depression in past six months; |
What is the name of the subject with a history of clinical significant hypersensitivity to any of | - Subjects with a history of clinical significant hypersensitivity to any of the surgical dressings to be used in this trial. |
What was the median duration of gestation at time of delivery? | A prospective randomized double-blind study of low-dose aspirin treatment (100 mg/d) was conducted on a population of 43 pregnant women at risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation. Doppler ultrasound blood flow measurements of the uterine arteries and the umbilical cord, at the fetal and placental end, were obtained on a two-weekly interval in between 18 to 40 weeks of gestation. During the course of pregnancy Doppler indices of both vessels decreased, whereas the absolute velocity of the uterine arteries increased. Perfusion of both vessels did not show any relevant differences in between the aspirin- and placebo-group. Both groups showed a similar median duration of gestation at time of delivery (278 d aspirin vs. 270 d placebo). Comparison of median birthweight (3152.5 g aspirin vs. 2900 g placebo) did not show any significant difference. There were no haemodynamic effects of low-dose aspirin on the utero- and fetoplacental circulation to be demonstrated. |
How old is the age of 18? | - 18 years of age or over. |
What is the name of the child who will undergo a flexible nasal endoscopic exam? | All neonates, ages 0 to 4 months, presenting to LPCH pediatric ENT clinic for airway difficulties or stridor will be screened for inclusion. As is consistent with an acceptable standard of medical care, these children will undergo a flexible nasal endoscopic exam to make the diagnosis of laryngomalacia, as well as be weighed and a breastfeeding history taken. If laryngomalacia is present, the study staff with then administer the Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire (IGERQ) and an airway symptoms questionnaire (ASQ). |
What is the current best evidence that surgical stabilization should be considered the preferred treatment in immat | PURPOSE: To systematically review the current evidence for conservative and surgical treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in skeletally immature patients. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, CCTR, and CDSR was performed for surgical and/or conservative treatment of complete ACL tears in immature individuals. Studies with less than six months of follow-up were excluded. Study quality was assessed and data were collected on clinical outcome, growth disturbance, and secondary joint damage. RESULTS: We identified 48 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Conservative treatment was found to result in poor clinical outcomes and a high incidence of secondary defects, including meniscal and cartilage injury. Surgical treatment had only very weak evidence for growth disturbance, yet strong evidence of good postoperative stability and function. No specific surgical treatment showed clearly superior outcomes, yet the studies using physeal-sparing techniques had no reported growth disturbances at all. CONCLUSIONS: The current best evidence suggests that surgical stabilization should be considered the preferred treatment in immature patients with complete ACL tears. While physeal-sparing techniques are not associated with a risk of growth disturbance, transphyseal reconstruction is an alternative with a beneficial safety profile and a minimal risk of growth disturbance. Conservative treatment commonly leads to meniscal damage and cartilage destruction and should be considered a last resort. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, systematic review of Level II, III, and IV studies. |
What criteria are excluded for registers? | - Exclusion criteria for register : |
What is the name of the study that studies studies in the USA? | BACKGROUND: Male hormonal contraceptive methods (HCM) are in Phase I clinical trials in the USA. International studies report that adults have positive attitudes regarding male HCM, but little is known about US minority young peoples' attitudes--a population that experiences high unintended pregnancy rates. METHODS: Thirty urban African American young persons [50% males; mean age = 18.8 (SD = 2.5)] participated in semi-structured interviews to explore attitudes regarding male HCM. Data were independently analysed by two researchers according to qualitative research methodology, including transcript coding for content, categorization of codes, performance of content analysis for theme development, and corroboration of findings by a third researcher. RESULTS: The data revealed five major themes that can facilitate and/or hinder male HCM adoption: (1) impact of reversing roles in HCM use; (2) men's lack of involvement in health care; (3) men's reliability to use HCM effectively; (4) perceived responsibility of men who use HCM; and (5) men's apprehension to use new medicines. Overall, participants had positive impressions about male HCM (67% male; 67% female) and female partner trust of males' use was high (85%), as were males' intentions (60%). CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide a foundation for clinical interventions including: (1) increasing males' involvement in reproductive health; (2) helping males to overcome apprehensions about male HCM safety; and (3) standardizing male HCM education in the clinical setting. Future research efforts should examine whether study findings hold for other populations. |
What is the name of the pregnancy that Micardis is not recommended in early pregnancy? | Micardis is not recommended in early pregnancy and may cause serious harm to your baby after 3 months of pregnancy (see section Pregnancy and breast-feeding). |
How much does 125 mg twice daily? | 62.5 mg twice daily 125 mg twice daily |
What was the frequency of ApoA1 -75 bp G>A? | BACKGROUND: The interactions between apolipoprotein (Apo) A1/C3/A5 haplotypes and alcohol consumption on serum lipid profiles have not been previously explored. The present study was undertaken to detect the polymorphisms of ApoA1 -75 bp G>A (rs1799837), ApoC3 3238C>G (rs5128), ApoA5 -1131T>C (rs662799), ApoA5 c.553G>T (rs2075291), and ApoA5 c.457G>A (rs3135507) and the interactions between their haplotypes and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels. METHODS: Genotyping was performed in 1,030 unrelated subjects (516 nondrinkers and 514 drinkers) aged 15 to 89. The interactions between ApoA1/C3/A5 haplotypes and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels were detected by factorial regression analysis after controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS: The frequencies of ApoC3 3238 CG/GG genotypes and ApoA1 -75 bp A allele in nondrinkers were higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). The frequencies of ApoC3 3238 CG/GG genotypes and G allele in drinkers were higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). The frequencies of ApoA1 -75 bp GA/AA genotypes and A allele in males were higher, and those of ApoC3 3238 CG/GG genotypes were lower in drinkers than in nondrinkers (p < 0.05 to 0.01). The frequency of ApoC3 3238 GG genotype in male drinkers was also higher in >/=25 g/d than in <25 g/d subgroups (p < 0.05). There were 11 haplotypes with a frequency >1% in our study population. The haplotypes of G-G-T-C-G (in the order of c.553G>T, c.457G>A, -1131T>C, 3238C>G, and -75 bp G>A), G-G-T-C-A, and G-G-C-G-G were shown consistent interactions with alcohol consumption to increase serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and ApoA1 levels (p < 0.05 to 0.001). The interactions between G-G-T-G-G (HDL-C and ApoA1), G-G-C-C-A (ApoA1), G-A-T-C-G (triglyceride), G-G-T-C-G (ApoA1/ApoB ratio), and G-G-C-G-G (ApoB) haplotypes and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels were also detected (p < 0.05 to 0.001); the levels of these serum lipid parameters were significantly higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in serum lipid parameters between drinkers and nondrinkers might partly result from different interactions between the ApoA1/C3/A5 haplotypes and alcohol consumption. |
What is the institutional upper limit of normal? | - AST (SGOT)/ALT (SGPT) _<2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal |
What isoflurane isoflurane versus halothane? | The thermoregulation of halothane versus isoflurane in humans receiving ophthalmological surgery. |
Viral encephalitis and atherothrombotic stroke. | Viral encephalitis and atherothrombotic stroke. |
How many cases of acquired immunodeficiency virus syndrome were recorded in the area? | The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has placed enormous strains on health care and social services delivery. The authors studied the response to the epidemic by a local health jurisdiction in an area of moderate incidence. The area recorded about 1,000 cumulative cases of acquired immunodeficiency virus syndrome, and the estimated prevalence of HIV infection was 10,000 as of 1991. The local health jurisdiction combined methods in a community-wide planning process for HIV services. The process mobilized the existing community-based network of service providers to identify problem areas and to develop recommendations for action. The planning group used questionnaires and service use rates to project service requirements, estimate service availability, and establish levels of unmet needs in terms of units of service. Annual requirements per person with HIV infection were projected for case management (0.3 to 0.4 client enrollment slots), dental care (1.9 to 3.4 visits), nonacute institutional care (1.2 days), home health care (17.8 to 22.1 visits), short-term housing (8.3 to 10.6 days), mental health and emotional support (34.6 to 36.6 visits), legal services (2.7 appointments), acute inpatient medical care (2.0 to 3.2 days), and inpatient psychiatric care (0.2 to 0.3 days). Those service requirement estimates for a low or moderate HIV incidence area may be transferable to other communities. |
What is the dam gene of Escherichia coli? | Identification of a weak promoter for the dam gene of Escherichia coli. |
What is the name of the infarction in myocardial infarction within less | - Myocardial infarction within less than 1 year prior to participation in the study. |
What is the result of a retrospective analysis of metastatic sarcoma patients? | Retrospective analysis of metastatic sarcoma patients. |