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{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Playing Black Magic", "Variations on Black Magic" ], "document": [ "You'll need to teach an assistant the secret to your black magic. Pick someone and take them to a separate room, or contact them before you get together with your friends. The rest of the group will be the audience, and stay behind. If you want to be dramatic, tell the group that you need a quiet room for \"forming a psychic connection.\" In private, tell your assistant the secret to the game. Tell them that you will be pointing to different objects in the room, and asking whether each one is the object you're thinking of. They should keep answering \"No\" but pay attention to the color of the object you are pointing to. When you point to a black object, they will answer \"No\" again, but the next object you point to will be the right answer. They should answer \"Yes\" to that one. If you don't understand this step, read the rest of the instructions to see how the game is played in more detail. There are many variations to this game, that use a different secret signal. Some are described below in another section. Leave your assistant behind. Make sure there is no way the assistant can hear you, or the audience may suspect, incorrectly, that the \"psychic\" assistant is just eavesdropping. Ask a volunteer to select any one object in the room. Ask them to tell you what the object is, explaining that you will be sending a psychic message to your assistant so they will know which object they chose. If the audience thinks the assistant is listening in, have the volunteer point to the object instead. Ask them to walk over to the object and point to it from close by, to make sure you have the right one. Check that everyone in the audience knows what the object is, and tell them to keep it a secret from your assistant. Call the assistant back into the room. If they can't hear you, send out a group of several people to bring them back. If you only send one person, the rest of the group might think they are telling the assistant the object, making the trick less mysterious. Point in turn to a window, a chair, a person's clothing — just about anything in the room that wasn't chosen – and ask this question. Fill in the blank with the name of the object. As long as you remember to avoid black objects, your assistant should answer \"No.\" Try pointing in different ways, using two fingers for one object, then vaguely waving at the next. People will suspect that you and your partner have set up a specific code with your gestures, which will lead them down the wrong trail and make it harder for them to guess the real method. Optionally, you can make a show of \"transmitting the psychic message\" before pointing, holding your fingers to the sides of your head and staring at the assistant. Point to a black object, picking something that the volunteer did not choose. Ask \"Am I thinking of ___?\" naming the black object. Your assistant should once again answer \"No.\" As arranged in advance with your assistant, the object you point to right after the black object is the object the volunteer guessed. Your assistant will answer \"Yes\" to your question this time, and the audience will be amazed at how you managed to pass along the secret. At this point, your audience will usually try to guess at how you did the trick. Smile and answer \"no\" when someone guesses wrong, or repeat the trick in a different way to show that they're wrong. For example, if someone guesses that you always point at the right object on the fifth question, repeat the trick with a different object and point to it on the third try, or the eighth. To keep your audience guessing longest, use the variations in the section below. If you set it up in advance, you can even come up with an elaborate plan with your assistant. For instance, you can use the \"black\" method the first time, the number method the second time, and the black method again the third time.", "Instead of using the \"black object\" method, tell your assistant that the seventh object you point to will always be the right answer. Of course, you can do this for any number, but choosing something higher than five to make it less obvious to your audience. To really impress your audience, let a volunteer point at objects instead. Arrange a signal in advance with your assistant to let them know when the right object was selected. For instance, tap your foot lightly, blink rapidly, or scratch your arm when the volunteer points at the right object. Suspicious audience members might look at you during the game, so this is a difficult method to pull off. Stand behind the audience members if possible, and make other small motions that aren't part of the code to mislead your audience. An assistant who can distract the audience's attention is even better for pulling off this version of the game. Have them crack jokes, stretch, or pretend to think hard about each question, all while looking for your signal out of the corner of their eye. Come up with a \"rule\" for which words are \"good,\" but don't let anyone else know the rule. The rule can be \"words that end with T are good,\" \"words with two vowels in a row are good,\" \"words with a SH sound are good\" – anything you can think of. All other words are \"bad.\" Have your audience say words aloud, then tell them whether each word is good or bad. Your audience members should try to guess just by naming words; ask them not to guess at the rule aloud, so that other people who haven't figured it out yet can keep guessing. Even if you don't believe in actual \"psychic\" abilities, you might be able to guess when someone is lying or telling the truth through their tone of voice or body language. Pick a close family member or friend, since you are more familiar with talking to them, and watch them closely. Have them say \"I'm thinking of __.\" while looking at you, and try to figure out when they are lying based on their facial expressions, movements, and tone of voice. Most psychologists and other researchers do not believe in the existence of \"Extra-Sensory Perception\" or other mysterious abilities that transmit thoughts, but there are plenty of studies on that topic if you're interested in learning more." ], "summary": [ "Ask an assistant to follow you to another room. Tell the assistant how the game works. Return to the room alone. Ask an audience member to pick any object in the room. Call the assistant back into the room. Point to a few objects in the room, asking \"Am I thinking of ___?\" Point to a black object. Point to the correct object. Let the audience try to guess how it's done.", "Pick a number with your assistant. Come up with a coded gesture, and let someone else ask the questions. Name words instead of pointing to objects. Try to guess without any code at all!" ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Putting Their Past in Context", "Managing Your Emotions", "Addressing Your Concerns with Your Partner", "Learning to Trust Your Partner" ], "document": [ "about things you’ve done in the past. Put yourself in your partner’s shoes. Remind yourself that everyone has a past, and that no one is perfect. Make a mental list of your exes, mistakes you’ve made, and other examples that are comparable to what bothers you about your ex’s past. Imagine if your partner questioned whether you have feelings for your ex or judged you for a mistake you made 10 years ago. You’d probably think it’s unfair that they’re judging you for things you did before you even knew each other. Your partner can’t erase their past, and you shouldn’t expect them to have a completely clean slate. Everyone brings baggage into a relationship. It’s up to you to figure out whether or not you can accept your partner’s baggage. It’s okay if you need some time to come to terms with your partner’s past. But it’s not fair to hold a grudge against them or to bring up their past during a fight. If they did something horrible and you can’t accept it, it’s better to end things than continually rake your partner over the coals. Take into account who your partner is now and how they treat you in the present. Try to see the bigger picture, and look for broader patterns instead of magnifying a single action. Put things in perspective, and think about how you’d feel if your partner judged you based on a single mistake. Say your partner told you they cheated on one of their exes a long time ago, and that they feel still horrible about it. That doesn't necessarily mean that you should distrust them. Although everyone messes up, it’s okay to draw a line in the sand. Small, one-time mistakes are one thing. However, don’t feel like you have to accept major warning signs, such as a long-term pattern of bad behavior or a serious crime. Suppose your partner told you they’ve cheated in each of their relationships. That’s a pattern of suspicious behavior, and it’s okay to have serious doubts about their ability to commit. Say they were arrested in the past for violence, and you’ve seen them punch walls, slam doors, and break things. This is a pattern of violent, potentially abusive behavior. Other abusive behaviors include screaming at you, threatening physical violence, and attempting to isolate you from loved ones. If you’ve observed any of these red flags, ending the relationship is probably the best option. If they lose their temper but haven’t directed their anger toward you, and if you’re interested in working things out, you still need to set ground rules. They should consult a mental health professional about managing their anger.", "Learn to recognize obsessive, black-and-white thoughts and catch yourself when you jumping to conclusions. It’s one thing to think about your partner’s past or experience emotions about it. However, try to identify when your thoughts race or if you take a past event out of context. Emotions such as anger, sadness, and jealousy are normal. For instance, it’s normal to be sad or cry about something bad your partner did in the past. If you're jealous or insecure about your partner's ex, it’s okay to vent to a loved one about it. On the other hand, try not to obsess over your partner’s past relationships, scour their exes’ social media accounts, or dwell on a minor mistake they made years ago. When you notice intrusive or irrational thoughts, question them. Remind yourself to stay objective, look at facts, and chip away at irrational suspicions. For example, suppose you’re suspicious that your partner isn’t over their ex, but there isn’t any actual evidence. Ask yourself whether you're being reasonable if you start dwelling on your jealousy, thinking the worst of your partner, or obsessively looking over their ex’s social media profiles. Tell yourself, “Stop. It’s normal to feel jealous, but I need to manage my thoughts and actions. I can’t control my partner or their past, but I can control my reaction. They haven't given me any reason not to trust them, and I'm jumping to conclusions.” If you have suspicions, it's better to be honest with your partner instead of convincing yourself of the worst. Vent your feelings to a loved one, and ask them for a fresh perspective. They can help you figure out whether the issue is a matter of your perception or a legitimate cause for concern. Confide in someone who’s objective, and keep in mind anything you say may influence that person’s opinion of your partner. For example, suppose your parents are already on the fence about your partner. Talking to them about your partner’s flaws could just worsen their opinion. If you work things out and accept with your partner’s past, your parents could still resent your partner, and you’d be caught in the middle. If you have trouble coming to terms with your partner’s past or managing your feelings, an individual or couples counselor can help. They can offer a fresh perspective on your relationship and, if necessary, address broader trust issues.", "Avoid bringing up something from their past in the midst of an argument. When you’re both calm and in good moods, ask them to talk. Tell them something’s been bothering you, and you want to be honest with them about it. Say something like, “Can we have a chat? I’m been feeling anxious ever since you told me about how much you used to party. I’m not saying you can’t have fun, but that kind of lifestyle isn’t for me. Do you think you’ve gotten it out of your system?” Give them the benefit of the doubt, and let them give you the context. Maybe they told you about something they did in passing, but you didn’t get the whole story. Avoid jumping to conclusions, and try not to make assumptions about what goes on in their head. For instance, don’t just assume that your partner still has feelings for their ex. Instead of letting your suspicions fester, say, “I know you and your ex were together for a long time, and that's pretty intimidating. They make me feel insecure, and I don’t want to come off as jealous, but I need to know that I can trust you.” Bear in mind there’s a difference between an explanation and an excuse. It’s one thing if your partner offers a legitimate explanation and puts something from their past in context. However, go with your gut if you think they’re trying to pull the wool over your eyes. For example, say your partner had a problem with drugs or alcohol. They explain how they took steps to address their addiction, and that they’ve been sober for a long time. Rather than make excuses, their words and actions offer proof that the past is in the past. Suppose your partner often hangs out with their ex alone. Maybe they’re constantly praising their ex, or they say things like, “That outfit reminds me of something my ex would wear.” Even if they try to explain it away, that’s pretty good evidence they’re not over their ex. It’d be wise to question if they’re ready to commit to a relationship with you. As your relationship deepens, you and your partner should feel comfortable being vulnerable with each other. Let your partner know that it’s safe to talk about past experiences, mistakes, and regrets. Encourage honesty, but keep in mind that, for some topics, neither of you need to share every little detail. For instance, telling each other about your likes and dislikes in the bedroom helps build intimacy. However, neither of you need to go into detail about being intimate with an ex. Some people just don’t want to know about their partner’s past relationships. If you know you’re prone to jealousy, tell your partner you don’t really want to hear about their exes. If you haven’t already, talk to your partner about sexual health. It might be an awkward subject, but try to be matter-of-fact. Without putting them on the spot, suggest that you both get tested for sexually transmitted infections (STI). Suppose you find out the person you’re dating has been with a lot of people, and you’re having trouble coming to terms with it. Talk to them about it, and mention that sexual health is an important topic for any couple to discuss. Try saying, “I know it’s awkward to talk about, but they say you should be upfront about sex and health. I get tested regularly, how about you? What do you think about getting tested together?”", "Ask yourself if your partner has given you any reason not to trust them. Assess your relationship rationally, and think about how your partner has acted since you’ve been together. How they treat you in the present is more important than what they might have done before they knew you. It’s normal to be afraid to trust someone, especially if you’ve been hurt in the past. Tell yourself to stop when you start feeling suspicious or jealous. Stay objective, and focus on your partner’s words and actions in the present. Never snoop through your partner’s things or try to read their texts or emails. Think about how you would feel if they invaded your privacy. If you have reasons not to trust them, discuss your concerns with them instead of snooping. If you do find evidence, confronting them with it will let them know that you’ve invaded their privacy. You’ll both be defensive and accusatory, and neither of you will trust the other enough to have a productive conversation. Distrust doesn’t necessarily have to do with cheating. Say, for instance, that your partner drank a lot or used drugs in the past. You might not trust them when they say that’s in the past if you’ve seen them drinking a lot or they’re suddenly prone to mood swings. Choose a calm setting to bring up your concerns. Think about what you want to say beforehand, and come up with specific reasons that you distrust your partner. Try not to come off like your accusing them, but let them know the particular actions that have you on guard. For example, tell them, “Please don’t feel like I’m attacking you or accusing you of anything. But you told me you’ve had some anger issues in the past, and I’ve noticed you’ve been losing your temper a lot lately. Is there any way I can help? Maybe talking to someone can help you keep your anger in check.” If you think they still have feelings for an ex, say, “It bothers me when you talk about how great your ex is or what you used to do together. I feel like you’re drawing comparisons between us. I’m glad you’re on good terms with them, but I’m concerned you still have feelings for them.” Keeping a photograph of their ex on their nightstand, for instance, is unreasonable. However, don’t read into every little reminder of your partner’s past relationships. Holding onto mementos doesn’t mean your partner is still hung up on an ex. Suppose an ex made a really nice drawing of your partner’s dog. Keeping the drawing doesn’t mean that your partner is still crazy about the ex. If their ex gave them their favorite mug, using it to drink their morning coffee doesn’t mean they wish they were still with the ex. Remember, you can’t pretend the past never happened. Your partner can be nostalgic but still be committed to you. As long as they treat you right and you’re both happy, don’t let their ancient history get in the way of your relationship." ], "summary": [ "Think Remember that you can’t change the past. Don’t define your partner solely based on their past mistakes. Ask yourself if something they’ve done is a deal breaker.", "Notice when you’re thinking intrusive thoughts. Challenge obsessive or all-or-nothing thinking. Seek advice from a trusted friend or relative. See a therapist if you're not sure how to handle your partner's past.", "Bring up your feelings in a calm, respectful manner. Listen to their side of the story. Hear them out, but trust your instincts. Communicate openly, but don’t overshare with each other. Discuss getting STI tests if you’re worried about their sexual history.", "Focus on how they treat you now. Respect your partner’s privacy. Talk to your partner about behaviors that make you distrust them. Try not to let mementos of their exes bother you, within reason." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Installing Basement Wall Insulation", "Preparing Your Walls", "Applying Drywall", "Building a Wall Frame" ], "document": [ "Use a tape measure to measure the length and height of your walls. Write these measurements down on a piece of paper. Buy 3⁄4-inch (1.9 cm) thick extruded polystyrene insulation online or at a hardware or home improvement store. This insulation will usually come in pink or yellow panels and is made to insulate basements. Use the measurements you took for your basement walls and get enough material to cover them all. It's a good idea to get 2-3 extra panels of the material in case you make a mistake. Place the insulation next to obstructions in your wall and make a mark next to the areas that you'll need to cut out. Obstructions could include the space around windows, pipes, or power outlets. Cut holes in the insulation with a razor blade or knife so that the insulation fits around the obstructions. If your insulation is longer than the height of your basement, you'll have to cut the top of the insulation so that it fits. If your insulation isn't long enough, you may need to cut out extra pieces of insulation to fill in the holes. Read the instructions and packaging to make sure that the adhesive you buy sticks to foam insulation. Apply the adhesive in a back and forth motion to the entire back of your insulation. Start on one end of your wall and carefully line the insulation up to the wall. Press the insulation onto the wall and hold it in place for 2 minutes or until it sticks to the wall. Work your way down the wall and continue to glue the insulation sheets side-by-side, until all of your walls are covered in insulation. Use a thick insulation tape and run it down the seams where your insulation panels meet. This will help better insulate your basement and will help keep the insulation sheets together as you frame the wall. Caulking the perimeter of the basement where the wall meets the floor can be helpful.", "Moisture can be created by leaky pipes, faulty windows, rainwater, or built-up condensation. Check your basement for moisture after it rains. Feel the walls and make sure they aren't wet. If you notice water pooling on the floor or trickling out of the walls, you have moisture problems. Call a contractor to fix the moisture issues before finishing the walls. A contractor may have to do some exterior drain tiling, exterior waterproofing, or pipe repairs if water is leaking into your basement. It will be harder to fix problems if you finish your walls before repairing the source of the moisture problems. Keep an eye out for any pooling water around your home and see that your gutters are functioning properly and not draining near the basement. Finding a way to allow water to drain away from your home will help you keep your basement dry. If your basement has window wells, cover them and caulk the windows with clear silicone. Some unfinished basements may have holes or divots in the walls. Hydraulic cement is a fine grain material that can effectively fill in the holes in your walls. Buy a 50-pound (23 kg) bag of cement. If there are no holes or divots in your walls, you can skip the next couple of steps and go straight to applying an interior sealer. Read the instructions on the back of the cement so that you know what ratio of water to cement you need. Pour the cement into a bucket, add the appropriate amount of water and mix it together with a wooden stick or trowel. Continue mixing until the cement is a slushy consistency. Use a spray bottle to apply a mist of water over the holes in the wall. This will prepare the holes for the cement. Use a trowel to scoop up some of the cement and spread it into the holes in your walls. Fill the holes, then use the trowel to scrape the cement and flatten it out so that it runs flush with the wall. Repeat this process on all the holes in your walls. Feel the surface of the cement the next day to make sure that it's dry. Once the cement has hardened, you can move onto the next step. Purchase an interior waterproof sealer online or at a hardware store. This will come in a paint can and can be applied to the walls with a paint roller. Saturate the roller with the sealer and go in an up and down motion over the walls until they are completely coated in the sealer. Open the windows and wear a facemask or respirator so that you don't inhale the fumes from the sealer. If you notice any problems with humidity or a musty smell, take the time to let the basement dry before adding walls. You may need to buy or rent a dehumidifier and let it run for a few days to completely dry it out.", "Purchase enough drywall online or at a hardware store so that you can cover all of your walls. Once you get the drywall, cut it out so that it matches the height of your walls. You'll also have to measure and mark the drywall to cut out holes to fit around obstructions on the walls. Drywall is available in varying types and thicknesses. For most basements, which are slightly damp, 1/2 inch greenboard is a good choice and should not be hard to find. Since drywall is more solid than insulation, you'll want to make your cuts straight lines and draw boxes around obstructions. Measure the area to compensate for obstructions and mark it with a pencil. Once the drywall is marked, use a razor blade or knife to cut along the marks. Apply drywall adhesive to the vertical studs on your frame. Make sure to get good coverage from the top to the bottom of the wood board. Line the drywall up to the wall and press it onto the wall frame. Then, hold it in place for a minute or 2 and let it set. Look at the wood studs next to the drywall. Line the screwdriver up to the wall frame studs and use drywall screws to secure the drywall to the wood. Put screws on the left and right side of the drywall. Then, put screws spaced 16 inches (41 cm) apart on the top and bottom wall frame studs. Check that your screws are the right length. They will need to go through the drywall and into the wood below. If they are too long, they may hit concrete behind the wood frame and not go in all the way. Repeat the process and cover all of the wall frames with drywall. This will act as the finished walls of your basement. to the walls. Purchase wallpaper and adhesive and apply sheets of it over the drywall to give your basement a finished look. Select designs and colors that match the aesthetic you want to achieve. if you don't want to wallpaper. Select a color you like and use a brush or roller to apply the paint over the surface of your walls. You'll probably want to spackle over the screw holes before you start painting or they may be visible on your walls after you're done painting.", "Use a tape measure and draw 2 marks on the left and right ends of the drywall. You should have a total of 4 marks on each wall. These lines will dictate where you will place your wooden planks for the frame. A completed wall frame looks like a grid made of wooden boards. Hold a level against your insulation and draw a straight line across the entire length of the wall, horizontally. Slide the level along the side of the wall and draw the line gradually until you've connected the 2 marks on the top of your wall. Repeat this process on the bottom of your walls so that you have a total of 2 horizontal lines running across your drywall. Measure the distance in between the top and bottom lines that you drew. Divide that number by 2 to get the exact center of the lines. Measure down from the top line and draw a straight horizontal line in between the bottom and top lines on your wall. For instance, if your bottom and top mark are 8 feet (2.4 m) away from each other, you'd measure 4 feet (1.2 m) down from the top mark and draw a line across your wall. Measure the distance in between the center line and top line. Divide this number by 2 and draw a line in the exact middle of the lines. Repeat the process between the middle line and bottom line. Your wall should now have a total of 5 horizontal lines running across the insulation. Line the bottom edge of a 1x3-inch (2.5 cm × 7.6 cm) board with the top of the bottom-most line you drew and have someone hold it in place. If you are using boards that are shorter than the width of your walls, you'll have to line up multiple boards so that they span across the entire width of the wall. The first pilot hole should go into the end of the board. Use a 3⁄16-inch (0.48 cm) masonry bit and a hammer drill to create a hole through the center of the board, insulation, and concrete wall. Then, drill an additional pilot hole every 16–20 inches (41–51 cm) apart down the length of the board. This will set up your board so that you can secure it to the wall. Spring spikes don't have a sharp tip but do have a bent end which anchors them into concrete pilot holes. Tap on the end of the spikes so they go into the holes. Continue to hammer the spring spikes into the board until it's completely secured to the wall. You might also consider using tapcons (blue concrete screws often used to attach wood to concrete). Tapcons will also need a pilot hole. Repeat the process that you used for the bottom frame board with the rest of the lines that you drew. Once you're done attaching the boards, you should have five vertical boards running across your wall. There should be empty spaces in between each of the boards. If there are obstructions, you may have to break your vertical framing boards up to accommodate them. Use a saw to cut your boards so that they fit around obstructions on your wall. Now it's time to set your vertical framing boards. Measure the length of the wall and divide it by 2. Now measure from one end of the wall to the exact center of the wall and draw a vertical line. This is where your first vertical framing board will go. Use 1x3-inch (2.5 cm × 7.6 cm) boards to construct the vertical section of your wall frame. Use 1.625-inch (4.13 cm) drywall screws to screw the vertical board perpendicularly over your horizontal framing boards. Repeat the process and finish framing the vertical portion of your wall frame. Once you're done, you'll have boards running across the length and height of your walls. Frame the rest of the walls by repeating the process that you used earlier. Once you're done framing all of the walls, you can apply drywall to your basement walls. If you are adding partition walls in the basement, standard 2x4 walls are fine." ], "summary": [ "Measure your walls. Purchase enough extruded polystyrene insulation to cover your walls. Measure and cut your insulation to fit around obstructions. Apply a foam adhesive to the back of your insulation. Press the sheets of insulation onto the walls. Use insulation tape to cover the cracks in between the insulation.", "Fix moisture problems in your basement before finishing your walls. Purchase hydraulic cement if you have holes in your walls. Mix the powder cement with water according to the instructions. Spray the wall with water. Spread the cement over the holes in the walls. Let the cement dry overnight. Apply an interior masonry sealer to the walls. Before adding walls, make sure the basement is dry.", "Measure and mark your drywall to fit on the wall. Cut out the drywall so it fits around obstructions. Apply glue to your wall studs. Press the drywall to the wall frame. Screw the drywall into the wall frame. Apply drywall to the rest of the walls. Apply wallpaper Paint the walls", "Measure and mark 3 inches (7.6 cm) from the top and bottom of the wall. Draw a straight line in between the marks. Make another line in the center of the top and bottom marks. Draw 2 more lines in between the remaining lines. Hold a 1x3-inch (2.5 cm × 7.6 cm) board on top of the bottom line. Drill 5-inch (13 cm) deep pilot holes into the boards. Hammer 4-inch (10 cm) long spring spikes into the pilot holes. Attach boards to the rest of your lines. Draw a line in the center of your wall, vertically. Screw a vertical board in the center of the wall. Screw boards 16 inches (41 cm) apart from the centerboard. Frame all the walls in your basement." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Using a Premade Mix and Water", "Shaking Milk to Make a Froth", "Making Indian Cappuccino" ], "document": [ "Use a medium-sized mixing bowl. Or, to reduce the number of dishes to wash later, simply add and combine the ingredients directly in a sealable container. Stir the following together: 1 cup powdered non-dairy creamer (86 g) 1 cup instant chocolate drink mix (86 g) ¾ cup instant coffee granules (65 g) ½ cup sugar (100 g) ½ teaspoon ground cinnamon ¼ teaspoon ground nutmeg Seal the container to keep pests out once you’re finished. Store where desired. There is no need to refrigerate it. For each serving, add 2 tablespoons of your mix to a mug. Boil ¾ cup of water in a kettle, pot, or microwave. Pour the boiled water into the mug. Stir well to mix.", ". Boil 1 cup (237 ml) of water in a kettle, pot, or microwave. For the recommended measurement of instant coffee, refer to your particular brand’s directions. But generally, mix the boiled water in a mug with 1 to 2 teaspoons of coffee granules. Add your desired amount of sugar. Depending on the size of your mug, the amount of milk you wish to add, and your own personal tastes, reduce the amount of coffee and/or water as needed. Pour your desired amount of milk into a microwave-safe dish or a small pot. Heat it until it reaches a boil. Remove from heat once it begins to bubble and rise. Times may vary depending on the amount of milk used and your microwave. Generally, it should take less than a minute. Transfer your milk into a sealable jar or similar container. Use one large enough so that the milk only fills it halfway at most. Seal the container tightly to avoid spills and scalds. Then shake the container hard for twenty seconds or until a froth forms. Pour the liquid milk into your mug. Use a spoon to stir it into your coffee. Then scoop the foamed milk out of the container and top your drink with it. Sprinkle cinnamon and/or nutmeg over the froth if desired. Then drink up!", "While the milk heats, make your mix. Combine 1.5 teaspoons of instant coffee with ¾ to 1 tablespoon of sugar in a coffee mug. Then add ½ to a ¾ teaspoon of water. Beat the mix with a spoon for about five minutes, until it turns light brown. If you have instant espresso, try substituting a ½ teaspoon of the regular coffee with a ½ teaspoon of espresso. Pour 1 cup (237 ml) of milk into a pot. Set the pot on a burner. Turn the burner to medium-high. Wait for it to bubble and rise. Alternately, use a microwave. If you do, keep an eye on it and remove the milk as soon as it reaches a boil. Pour it into your cup. Then stir to mix and work up a froth. Sprinkle some coffee granules over the froth if desired, and enjoy!" ], "summary": [ "Make your mix. Store until needed. Make a cup.", "Make your coffee Heat your milk. Froth your milk. Add the milk to your coffee.", "Make your coffee mix. Heat the milk. Add the heated milk." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Seasoning Your Potatoes", "Cooking Fingerlings in a Pan", "Roasting Fingerlings", "Boiling Fingerlings" ], "document": [ "For a good basic seasoning, use ¾ teaspoon of kosher salt, ½ teaspoon of ground black pepper, and ⅛ teaspoon of ground red pepper for 1.5 lbs (680 g) of potatoes. Use 1 tablespoon of fresh, chopped rosemary or thyme (or ½ tablespoon of each), plus salt and pepper to taste, for 1.5 lbs (680 g) of potatoes. For 1 lb (454 g) of potatoes, use 1 teaspoon of panch phoron (otherwise known as Indian 5 Spice, made of equal parts cumin, fennel, mustard, methi or fenugreek, and nigella, kalonji, or onion seeds). Add ½ teaspoon of turmeric and salt to taste. Use fresh, chopped cilantro for garnish. Also, try substituting olive oil with mustard oil. For 1.5 lbs (680 g) of potatoes, use salt and pepper to taste, plus ½ teaspoon of cumin and ½ teaspoon of coriander. Serve with one diced, roasted poblano chile and garnish with a ¼ cup (8 g) of fresh, chopped cilantro.", "After washing your hands, use your thumbs and fingers to clean the potatoes’ skins under running water. Do not use soap. Wash your fingerlings even if you peel them before cooking. This way, your peeler won’t move any dirt or chemicals from the skin to the flesh. Skin 1.5 lbs (680 g) of potatoes if desired. Leave them whole or slice or dice them into smaller bits. To serve them halved, you can either slice them now or wait until you have boiled them whole. Once you are finished prepping, transfer the fingerlings to a pot. Fill the pot with enough water to cover the potatoes. Place the pot on a burner and boil the water. Once the water boils, switch the burner off. Allow the potatoes to sit in the boiled water as it loses heat. This may take ten or more minutes. Line the skillet’s bottom with a tablespoon of cooking oil, or more if needed. Wait until the potatoes and water have cooled off almost all the way, then place the skillet on a burner set to high. Drain the cooled-off potatoes and water into a colander over the sink. Then empty the potatoes from the colander into the skillet once it is hot. Stir your potatoes around so all of them touch the skillet without sitting on top of one another. Then leave them alone for a couple of minutes. Choose one piece to remove in order to check its bottom. If it has browned, stir the whole batch up so other sides can touch the skillet. If it hasn’t, put it back and check again in a minute or two. Continue to stir your potatoes up every couple of minutes so the potatoes brown as evenly as possible on all sides. Sprinkle your seasonings over them as you near the end. Stir them up to distribute them evenly over your fingerlings. Turn off the heat and serve.", "Set your oven between 400 and 500 degrees Fahrenheit (204 to 260 Celsius). Also, line the bottom of a large roasting pan (or other baking dish) with a tablespoon of olive oil. Prevent scorching or burning once it's time to roast your potatoes. Wash your hands first. Then scrub the skins with your thumbs and fingers under a running faucet. Use water only, without any soap. Wash your fingerlings even if you plan to peel them, since the dirty skins may come in contact with the flesh as you peel them. For four servings, use 2 lbs. (907 g). Either keep or remove the skins according to your taste. Halve your fingerlings in two, slice or dice them into smaller bits, or leave them as they are to roast them whole. Place the potatoes in the pan. Spray or drizzle them with about a tablespoon of olive oil. Sprinkle seasonings over them. Toss the potatoes in the pan to make sure they are evenly coated with oil and seasonings. Place the roasting pan inside your oven. Set a timer for 20 minutes. After 20 minutes, poke a potato with a fork or knife to make sure they are tender. If not, put them back in and check again every 5 or 10 minutes, depending on how far along they are. Cooking times and temperatures may vary from oven to oven. Whole potatoes may require a higher temperature of 500 degrees F (260 C) and/or a longer cooking time to make sure the centers cook thoroughly. For smaller pieces, like diced fingerlings, stay closer to 400 (204 C), since these will probably cook faster.", "First, wash your hands. Then use your thumbs and fingers to scrub the potatoes under running water. Only use water, never any sort of soap. Wash them even if you intend on peeling the skins, since your peeler may shift dirt and chemicals from the skin to the flesh when you peel unwashed potatoes. First, peel 1.5 lbs (680 g) of potatoes, if desired. Decide whether to serve them whole, halved, sliced, diced, or smashed. If you choose sliced, diced, or smashed, cut your fingerlings now with a clean knife. If you plan on serving them as halves, you can either halve them now or after boiling, when they are softer. Transfer to a pot when finished. For smashed potatoes, dice them up into small bits. Fill the pot with enough water to cover the potatoes. Place the pot on a burner. Set the burner to medium or high. Once the water starts to boil, lower the heat to simmer and let your fingerlings sit for ten minutes. If you enjoy potatoes with a vinegary taste, try substituting the water entirely with either white or malt vinegar. For a milder taste, use an equal mix of vinegar and water. After they have simmered for ten minutes, poke a potato with your knife. If the skin still offers resistance, let your fingerlings simmer for another minute and try again. Repeat until the knife slides smoothly through the skin and flesh without any difficulty. Turn off the burner. Hold a colander over the sink. Empty the pot into the colander slowly to avoid any splashback of scalding water. If you are going to serve them as halves but haven’t cut them in two yet, do so now. Combine 2 tablespoons of melted butter with your seasonings in a bowl, add your potatoes, and toss. If you are smashing your potatoes, either toss them in the bowl with the butter and seasonings in the bowl first or simply use your masher to mix them in. If you need more moisture, add butter, cream cheese, sour cream, and/or cream in a tablespoon at a time until you reach your desired consistency." ], "summary": [ "Keep it simple. Give them an earthier flavor. Pair potatoes with Indian dishes. Give it some Mexican-style spice.", "Scrub your fingerlings. Peel and cut them as you like. Let them sit in boiled water. Transfer them to a large skillet. Brown your potatoes. Finish and season.", "Preheat your oven. Clean your potatoes. Peel and cut your fingerlings as desired. Season your potatoes. Roast them.", "Wash your fingerlings. Prep your potatoes. Let them simmer in boiled water. Test their texture. Remove from heat and season." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Doing a Small Side Braid", "Doing a French Braid", "Doing a Standard Braid" ], "document": [ "The side part should be above one of your eyebrows. You will start braiding from this part towards the opposite temple. This side braid works great for shorter hairstyles. Try to position the braid between your ear and side part. As you braid, try to keep the sections as tight as possible. Also, try to smooth the hairs down. This will give you a smoother, neater braid in the end. You can always muss it up later. If you are doing a Dutch or reverse French braid, remember to cross the outer sections under the middle sections instead of over. Start French braiding horizontally across the back of your head instead, until you reach the other side of your neck. At this point, you can tie the hair off with a hair tie. You can also continue braiding it standard fashion, and tie it off when you are 1 to 2 inches (2.54 to 5.08 centimeters) away from the ends. Not only will this help hide the hair tie, but it can help make your braid look more interesting. Here are some ideas to get you started: Add a silk flower to your braid for a boho look. The bigger the flower, the better. Consider twisting the rest of the braid into a bun and securing it with bobby pins. You can then tuck an ornate hair comb into the bun. If you did a mini side braid, consider tying the end off with some leather lace and leaving the rest of your hair loose for a boho or elvish look.", "Whether you decide to end your braid at the nape of your neck, or at the last few inches/centimeters of your hair, you will need to tie it off. Choose a hair tie that closely matches your hair color, and wrap it around the end of your braid enough times so that it does not slide off. This will help hide the hair tie. You can also add a hairclip or silk flower instead. Here are some more ideas to get you started: Let the season inspire you. Tuck a silk hibiscus flower into your braid during the summer. Wear a hairclip made from leather in the fall. Let the holiday inspire you. If it is around Halloween, clip an orange and black bow to the end of your braid. If you want, you can even glue a plastic spider to the center of the bow. Match the decoration to your outfit. If you are wearing an elegant dark blue evening gown with silver embellishments, a delicate silver hairclip with clear/white crystals might look lovely. Match the decoration to the event. If you are attending a school rally or sports event, consider wearing a ribbon in your braid that matches your school or favorite team's colors.", "Comb out your hair, starting from the ends and working your way up to the roots. If your hair is very frizzy, consider applying a bit of hair oil or smoothing cream. You will have a right section, a middle section, and a left section. Hold the left section in your left hand and the right section in your right hand. If you want two braids, one on each side of your head, then part your hair down the middle. Choose one side to start braiding first. Part the hair on that side into three sections. Try to position the braid just behind your ear for a sleek, chic look. You can make your braid as long or as short as you want. Most people leave the last 1 to 2 inches (2.54 to 5.08 centimeters) of their hair unbraided; you can leave more if that's what you like. Hold the end of your braid secure with one hand, and use the other hand to wrap a hair tie around the end of your braid. Make sure that the hair tie is snug; if it is too loose, you may need to wrap it a few more times. Try to use a hair tie that matches your hair color: black, brown, or beige/blond. If you have dark red hair, go for a brown hair tie. If you have lighter red hair, use a beige hair tie. If you are doing two braids, then repeat the whole process on the other side of your head. You can tie a thick ribbon around the end of your braid into a bow. You can also tuck in a silk flower, or add a pretty hairclip. This is a great way to dress up an otherwise ordinary braid. Here are some ideas to get you started: If it is summer, consider tucking a silk hibiscus or orchid into your braid for a tropical look. In the fall, consider using a clip made from bronze, leather, or wood. If it is winter, consider using a delicate silver clip with clear rhinestones. You can also go festive with a red and green ribbon for Christmas, or a blue and white ribbon for Hanukkah. If it is spring, stick with ribbons, delicate flowers, pastel colors, or bright colors." ], "summary": [ "Part your hair off to the side. Continue adding strands and crossing over sections. Stop braiding when you are 1 inch (2.54 centimeters) away from the nape of your neck. Consider adding a decorations to the end of your braid after you tie it off.", "Tie your braid off with a hair tie. Consider tying a ribbon around the end of your braid after you tie it off.", "Start with brushed, tangle-free hair. Divide your hair into three even sections at the nape of your neck. Tie your braid off with a hair tie. Consider adding a ribbon or pretty hairclip to the end of your braid." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Learning to Process Sadness", "When Should You Try This?", "Changing Your Patterns", "Seeking Professional Help" ], "document": [ "Sadness is a normal reaction to many life events and ongoing situations. You may feel sad when you experience loss, when your feelings get hurt, or when things don't go your way. Understanding the source of your sadness can help you begin to process the feeling and deal with it in a healthy way. Here are some common reasons people experience sadness: Loss of a friendship or another close relationship Death of a loved one, or separation from a loved one Bullying Low self-esteem Hearing about a tragedy Being sad doesn't feel good, so it's tempting to try to push the feeling away instead of taking a closer look. However, identifying the feeling of sadness will help you isolate it from your other emotions. Looking sadness square in the face will help you notice when the feeling starts and ends, making it easier to handle. You might experience sadness as a physical sensation. Maybe your arms and legs feel heavy or you have an uncomfortable feeling in the pit of your stomach. You might feel lethargic, too. It can help to picture sadness as an image. You've probably heard people describe feeling a \"wave of sadness.\" Try picturing sadness in your own way. It could be a towering wave or a deep, dark pool. If you're not sure what it is, it might help to draw a picture of how sadness makes you feel. Recognize when sadness comes, and allow yourself to accept the feeling instead of pushing it away. If it's a wave, let it wash over you without resisting. Think about what's making you sad and realize that your feelings are valid. A normal bout of sadness can last just a few minutes or much longer, depending on the reason why you're sad. As you process the sadness, recognize when it comes to a natural end. Pay attention to when you feel a little lighter, and you're able to turn your attention to a new emotion. Next time you feel sadness, recognize that it's an emotion that will come and go, just like other emotions. It can help to have a plan for what you'll do during and after the bout of sadness, so you know this is something you can handle. When you start to feel sad, you may want to go to a certain place where you have some privacy. There, you can call up the image of sadness that you constructed - a wave, a pool, or whatever image you came up with. Let yourself feel sad. Plan to do something else when the sadness starts to recede. You might want to call a friend, go for a walk, or do something else to help you move past the sadness. When sadness doesn't go away and make room for other emotions, it could be a sign that you are depressed. Depression is when you have a low, sad mood that lasts longer than two weeks and interferes with your life. With depression, just processing your sadness won't be enough to manage your feelings in a positive way. Making lifestyle changes and seeking professional help are the best ways to manage depression. If you have depression, you may have one or more of the following symptoms: Feelings of sadness and anxiety Feelings of worthlessness or low self-esteem Negative thought patterns and feelings of hopelessness Low energy level Changes in appetite and weight Changes in sleep patterns Suicidal thoughts", "It can hurt to feel sad, so it's normal to want to switch off the sadness and feel happiness again. Usually this is easier said than done, but sometimes you just need a change in perspective. If you're in a mental rut, and you feel ready to open the curtains and let in some sunlight, try different techniques to help you stop being sad. When you feel sad about a particular event or problem, it's hard to just make the feeling go away. Once you've given yourself time to fully experience the sadness, the load should start to lighten. You can help the sadness recede more quickly by staying healthy, talking it out, and using other methods that help you stop feeling sad. When the sadness is ready to go away, it will. Sometimes, no matter what you try, you can't stop feeling sad. Distracting yourself or trying to escape from the feeling will only set you further back. If you've been sad for awhile and you don't know why, or if your sadness seems to be stuck, talk to someone who can help. Even though there probably won't be a quick fix, working through your sadness with a therapist trained to help will be the best way to overcome it in the long run.", "Ruminating is when you repeatedly think about a negative thought. You might replay a conversation or think about a bad memory to the point of obsession. Ruminating causes more negative thoughts and emotions to arise, so the more you do it, the worse you'll feel. Ruminating too much can eventually lead to depression. Try the following to stop ruminating: Work to solve the problems you're ruminating over. For example, if you can't stop thinking about how much you need a job, make a job search to-do list and start tackling the items one by one. Practice positive self-reflection.If you spend a lot of time thinking about your negative traits, interrupt your thoughts with self-praise. Tell yourself, \"I did a great job on that project,\" or \"I tried my best during that conversation.\" Holding grudges and thinking about yourself in a negative light can exacerbate feelings of sadness. Being able to forgive and let go may allow you to begin to feel happy. The act of forgiveness will remove negative attitudes and create space for positive attitudes. It will also decrease stress, which can make feelings of sadness worse, and increase peace and calm in your life. Scientists are currently studying ways in which a person can learn forgiveness, but have suggested that therapy and accepting restitution or apologies can help a person forgive others. Stress can contribute significantly to sadness. Avoiding stressful situations whenever possible may help you begin to overcome feelings of sadness. Organizing your day and allowing time to relax will help you relieve and avoid unnecessary stress Step back from any stressful situation if you can. If you cannot, try taking a deep breath and not reacting immediately to avoid having your feelings and tension rise unnecessarily. Negative thoughts and attitudes can increase feelings of sadness and isolation. Seeking out the positive in yourself, others, and in situations may help you to overcome feelings of sadness. Even in the worst situations, there is usually some positive aspect. It might take some time to recognize, but being able to see the positive may help you avoid negativity that encourages sadness. One study showed that a positive attitude contributes to success more than anything else, including knowledge or skills. Supportive people can often put things in perspective and help you to feel less sad. Participate in activities with positive individuals or groups as often as you are able. Regular activity is an important part of staying mentally and physically healthy because it increases the levels of serotonin in your brain. Try and get some form of exercise every day to stop feeling sad. Even small amount of exercise is good and can help you feel better. For example, a ten minute walk can relax you and give you a chance to embrace what is happy in your life. Exercise produces endorphins that can improve your mood and help you sleep. Meditation is a powerful way to improve focus and relax. Allot a few minutes of every day to meditate, which may help you feel less sad. Meditation forces you to unplug from the world. Having this unplugged time can teach you to concentrate and relax, and may help you feel happier. Start with 5-10 minutes of meditation daily and gradually increase your time as you become more proficient at meditating. Find a quiet and comfortable place where you’ll be uninterrupted. By eliminating any distractions, it is easier to focus on your breath and let go of any sad thoughts or sensations that arise. Sit upright and still and close your eyes. Proper posture is a vital part of meditation. It allows your breath and blood to flow, which helps your brain learn to focus on one point. Closing your eyes will help keep distractions at bay. Breathe easily and evenly. Don’t control your breath; rather, let it come and go. An excellent technique to help your concentration is to focus solely on your breath by saying “let” on the inhale and “go” on the exhale. Sadness and associated tension cause physical changes in your body. A massage can remove tension and stimulate the production of oxytocin, a hormone that encourages social connections. A professional massage or even one at home may be able to help improve your mood and make you feel better overall. There are many types of massage available, but any type of touch may benefit you. You can locate a qualified massage therapists either online or through a doctor’s recommendation. If you can’t get to a professional massage therapist, try self-massage. Rubbing your face or even just massaging your ears can make you feel better and relax you. Bad nutrition can make sadness or depression worse. Eating healthy foods will not only help your overall well-being, but may combat sadness and stress. Foods like asparagus, which has the mood-enhancing nutrient folic acid, can help alleviate stress. Foods high in Vitamin B, such as avocados, also help relieve stress, which may help you feel less sad. A glass of warm milk can help insomnia and anxiety, which can exacerbate feelings of sadness. It’s advisable to avoid all alcohol and recreational drugs. Using these substances may momentarily make you feel better, but in the long run, they can make you feel worse and make depression harder to treat. Every person needs sleep in order to maintain physical and mental health. Make it a priority to get 7-9 hours of sleep every night to help relieve your feelings of sadness. Increased stress and depression are negative consequences of insufficient sleep. Short naps of 20-30 minutes may also help you feel better. However, be aware that protracted naps or sleeping can be a sign of serious depression.", "If you find that you cannot overcome your sadness on your own, talk with a mental health professional. A trained therapist or psychologist can work with you to learn new ways of thinking and coping. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an approach that has been shown to give people to the tools to handle depression. This practice focuses on using techniques to help people focus on the present, rather than getting carried away with negative thoughts. It can be used in conjunction with medication as well. In some cases, people suffering from sadness or depression begin to feel better by taking medication. Antidepressants can help alleviate chronic feelings of sadness or depression. Your doctor may prescribe a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, and escitalopram. SSRIs generally cause fewer side effects than other antidepressant drugs. Your doctor may prescribe serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as duloxetine, venlafaxine , desvenlafaxine, and levomilnacipran. Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), such as bupropion, are not generally associated with the sexual side effects of other anti-depressants. Tricyclic antidepressants are generally prescribed when other anti-depressants haven’t worked. These drugs-- including imipramine, nortriptyline, amitriptyline, doxepin, trimipramine, desipramine, and protriptyline—can have significant side effects. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a last resort antidepressant. MAOIs, such tranylcypromine, phenelzine, and isocarboxazid, are also generally prescribed when nothing else works. Be aware these drugs can have serious side effects. You and your care providers may want to consider other treatment options if medications and lifestyle remedies are not working. From hospital stays to transcranial magnetic stimulation, these alternative treatment options may help you stop feeling sad. If you are not able to properly care for yourself, you and your doctor may want to consider a hospital stay or outpatient day treatment to help you deal with your depression. Electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT, is a surgical procedure in which electrical currents are passed to the brain to improve brain function. ECT comes with minimal side effects and can relieve severe depression immediately. Transcranial magnetic stimulation, or TMS, is an option for those who haven’t responded to antidepressants. For this procedure, a treatment coil is placed against your scalp and sends magnetic pulses to stimulate your nerve cells that are involved in mood regulation." ], "summary": [ "Reflect on why you're sad. Notice how you feel when you're sad. Learn to accept the feeling and ride it out. Have a plan for when sadness hits. Look for signs of depression.", "Try to stop feeling sad when you want to feel other emotions. Let go of sad feelings once they've run their course. Avoid ignoring persistent sad feelings.", "Learn how to stop ruminating. Learn to forgive. Manage your stress level. Seek the positive in life. Surround yourself with positive and happy people. Get regular exercise. Consider daily meditation. Treat yourself to a massage. Eat properly. Avoid alcoholic beverages and drugs. Get enough sleep.", "Consult a therapist or psychologist. Talk with a psychiatrist about antidepressant medications. Consider alternative treatments." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Healing Yourself", "Evaluating Your Expectations", "Addressing the Abuse with Your Parent" ], "document": [ "Be honest with yourself about what happened to you and how it impacted your life. Don’t try to ignore your past or sweep the abuse under the rug. To heal, you’ll have to acknowledge the abuse and work through your memories. You may feel all kinds of emotions bubbling up when you think about the past, and that’s okay. Don’t judge yourself for what you’re feeling. Accept that the abuse was not your fault and that you didn’t deserve to be hurt. Let yourself feel angry, sad, betrayed, or whatever other emotions you’re experiencing. If you feel like you lost part of your life to the abuse, or if you’re not happy with the way you coped, forgive yourself and commit to moving on. Be gentle with yourself as you heal. Remember that recovery is an ongoing process that can take years. Part of being self-compassionate is believing that you’re worthy of love and help, so open yourself to other people’s kindness as well as your own. Especially if you’re struggling to forgive your parent or just can’t seem to move forward, it’s important to take steps to grow so that you can better yourself and better your relationship with your parent. Open up to trusted friends or counselors and take time to meditate, practice mindfulness, and/or exercise. Avoid turning to alcohol, drugs, or other destructive maladaptive coping mechanisms that will only lead to stress and regression. Take a deep breath and commit to living as well as you can in the here and now. Make up your mind to salvage what you can of your relationship with your parent, even though they hurt you in the past. Don’t waste your energy dwelling on things that neither you nor your parent can change. Unfortunately, many abusers continue to use the same tactics all their lives. Don’t be disappointed if your parent slips back into old habits or refuses to admit they did anything wrong. You can’t make them change, but at least you’ll know you did your best.", "Forgiveness is a personal choice, to be made for personal reasons, and on your own timeline. Consider your feelings, and whether you feel ready and willing to forgive. Don't let others push you into forgiving if you aren't ready. It's okay if you aren't ready to forgive them yet. You're allowed to take your time. Take care of yourself and assess the damage first. Then consider forgiving once you feel ready. It's okay if you never want to forgive them. Forgiveness should be done freely, not because you feel like you have to. Everyone heals differently, and it's okay if forgiveness isn't part of that process for you. Focus on what works best for you. Forgive your parent for your own benefit, not theirs. Do it so you can reclaim your life and let go of any poisonous anger you’ve been holding onto. Forgiveness is a personal choice to let go of the hurt they caused, and not let it damage you anymore. Here are some examples of bad reasons to forgive: Because someone else said you should. Forgiveness is deeply personal. Your abuser may manipulate others into trying to get you to forgive them. People with no experience of abuse may naively suggest that you re-establish the relationship, not realizing that this could be terrible advice. Because you think it will fix things. Your actions won't turn your parent into a better person. They would need to make that choice themselves. Don't expect an apology or a better relationship to automatically happen after you forgive them. Because you hate being upset. Difficult feelings are important to process. You need to experience your anger, sadness, fear, and other tough emotions on your own timeline. Don't push yourself to forgive if you aren't ready yet. It's not healthy to bottle up your feelings or sweep them under the rug. Because you think you owe them. Just because they have changed (or \"changed\"), or they now need someone to care for them, doesn't erase all the harm they caused. You don't owe someone your forgiveness. If someone abuses you, that erases any obligation you have to them. Forgiving your parent doesn’t mean you think their abusive behavior was OK, and it doesn’t mean you would let it happen again. Let go of your anger and bitterness, but don’t downplay how the abuse affected you. Similarly, you shouldn't put yourself in harm's way in the name of forgiveness. Keep yourself safe, especially if they've shown that they are willing to hurt you again. Nobody deserves to be abused, and that includes you. Protect yourself first. Worry about forgiveness after you are safe (physically and emotionally). You do not have to have a relationship with your parent if you do not want to. If you do want to keep your parent in your life, do it on your own terms. Decide how often you’ll see them and let them know how you want to be treated. Be prepared to defend your boundaries or distance yourself if your parent challenges you. For instance, if you’ve told your verbally abusive mother that you won’t talk to her if she starts saying cruel things, you may have to hang up the phone on her a few times before she starts respecting your wishes. If your parent refuses to put any effort into changing the relationship, your best option may be to cut them off. Forgiving someone doesn’t mean you have to make them part of your life. Even if your abusive parent is elderly, you are not obligated to take care of them. Work with other family members to make other arrangements for them. It’s important that you protect yourself, even if your parent tries to make you feel guilty. Abuse negates responsibility. You have no responsibility to care for your abuser.", "You can forgive your parent without seeing them in person or telling them you forgive them. Don’t feel pressured to speak to them, but know that you can have a conversation with them if you wish. Don’t attempt to have this conversation in person if you feel unsafe around your parent. If your parent has been physically abusive in the past, consider calling them or sending an email instead. If you have a therapist, speak to them about whether or not contacting your parent is a good idea. The therapist can help you practice the interaction, prepare for multiple scenarios, and give you tips for practicing self-care to get through the conversation. If you think your parent will be defensive or evasive about the topic, you might also choose to contact them indirectly through another method. If your parent is deceased, consider seeing a counselor to verbally process through what happened, writing a letter to your parent, or visiting your parent’s gravesite to speak to them. It may make you feel more comfortable if you are not alone with your parent. Ask a therapist, counselor, family member, or friend to attend the meeting with you. Choose someone you trust and that can help calm things down, if necessary. Clear the air with your parent by bringing up the abuse with them. Tell them how you feel about it and how it affected you. Try to stick to the facts here and not make assumptions or accusations. Focus on what your parent did as well as how you felt and how the abuse has affected your life. You could open the conversation by saying something like, “Dad, I need to talk to you about something. It’s always really hurt me when you put me down and call me names. I want to have a better relationship with you in the future, but I need you to stop treating me this way.” Once you have stated your feelings about the abuse, give your parent the chance to say something. Actively listen to what they have to say. Allow them an opportunity to apologize or to start making amends. If they respond positively and remorsefully, reinforce this by verbalizing gratitude. You may have more hurt feelings to process, or you may want to challenge some of the things they say, but save these for follow-up conversations. Of course, nothing can make up for an abusive past, but give your parent the benefit of the doubt if they try to make amends with you. Just because your previous relationship was soured, doesn't mean the future has to be the same. Forgiveness isn't simply for the sake of your parent--it's also necessary so that you can move on from the past. If you find your parent is making a genuine effort in the present, strive to forgive them for their past faults. You might say, \"I will never completely understand why you did what you did. But, I want to move on from there. I don't want the past to hold me down forever. I forgive you, and I would like us to work on having a positive relationship in the future.\" Alternatively, you could explain that you do not want to have a relationship or state the conditions under which you would be willing to have a relationship with them. Forgiveness can take time, so it's okay if it doesn't happen immediately. Make it a goal and decide how you can work toward it." ], "summary": [ "Accept the past for what it was. Be compassionate to yourself. Take good care of yourself during the healing process. Choose to focus on the present. Understand that your parent may never change.", "Keep in mind that you don't have to forgive your parent if you don't want to. Forgive your parent for the right reasons. Know that forgiving someone does not mean condoning their behavior, or trusting them. Set limits on your relationship with your parent.", "Decide if you’d like to contact your parent. Consider having a third party witness the interaction. Address the abuse. Let them talk. Extend your forgiveness." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Searching for Electrical Signals", "Conducting a Physical Search" ], "document": [ "RF detectors allow you to scan for radio frequencies used to transmit from hidden cameras and microphones. Purchase an RF detector online or from your local electronics store and wave it around the area you think is bugged. The detector will give off a small beeping or crackling sound when pointed at an item giving off radio frequencies. You’ll need to turn off any other devices that broadcast radio signals in order for the RF detector to work. Check the manufacturer’s guidelines for more information on how to use your RF detector. When the RF detector beeps or crackles, look around the area to find the hidden surveillance device. Many hidden cameras and microphones will make a small electromagnetic field as they transmit data. Make a call on your cellphone and walk around the room while you talk. If you hear any crackling, clicking, or buzzing on the phone, it might be a sign that you’re entering the field of a surveillance device. Move your phone around the are where you think the hidden camera or microphone is to get a better sense of its exact location. The buzzing, clicking, and crackling should get louder on the phone as you get closer to the device. There are many other devices, such as speakers, television sets, and radios that might create small electromagnetic fields as well. Turn these off when searching for hidden devices. You can perform a similar check with an AM/FM radio. Place the radio near the location where the microphone is hidden and turn the dial, listening for any strange interference or static. Most smartphone and digital cameras can see infrared light that isn’t visible to the human eye, and which can be used by hidden cameras. Scan your camera around the room and look through the display for any unexpected light sources or flashes, which might point to a hidden camera. You can check if your camera can detect infrared light by pointing a TV remote at it and pressing a button. You should see a small flicker of light on the end of the TV remote from the infrared light. Some modern cameras and microphones will transmit data over the internet, meaning they can be accessed from almost anywhere. However, they’ll often also have Wi-Fi signals. Search for available Wi-Fi signals on your phone or laptop and look for any that seem unexpected or suspicious. The default Wi-Fi name for a lot of hidden cameras will be the product code for the device. Search for any unknown Wi-Fi names online to see what kind of device they belong to. As well as peculiar Wi-Fi names, you can look for Wi-Fi signals that are stronger than you anticipated. A strong signal normally indicates that the device is nearby. If you have access to the wireless router, you may be able to log in and see which devices are connected to your network. Remove access to any devices you didn’t set up to keep your network secure.", "Hidden cameras are designed to be as discrete as possible, but many will still emit a slight sound when they are working. When the area of suspected surveillance is as quiet as possible, walk around slowly to listen out for any buzzing or slight clicking noises that might be coming from a hidden camera. Try searching the room late at night to reduce the ambient sound in the room. This will make isolating and locating any noises much easier. There are plenty of different mechanical and electrical devices that can make quiet buzzing and clicking noises. Combine this method with other ways of identifying hidden cameras and microphones to differentiate between malicious and ordinary items. Surveillance devices can be hidden inside other devices that require electricity, such as smoke detectors. Take your smoke detector down from the ceiling and look for a microphone or camera inside. Check your speakers, lamps, and other electronics for signs of tampering that may indicate someone added a microphone. Smoke detectors are a perfect place for microphones to be hidden as they have built-in power and are normally centralized in a room. Microphones or cameras hidden inside smoke detectors or other electronics will usually be easily visible. Look for anything that doesn't seem to be attached to the rest of the device, or anything that looks like a microphone or camera. One of the most common ways of hiding a microphone or camera in a room is by hiding it in something inconspicuous, such as a teddy bear or a vase of flowers. Look around the room for any decorations that seem like they don’t fit with the rest of the space, or that are angled in peculiar ways. While most of a camera can be hidden inside something else, the lens will almost always need to be completely visible for the camera to work. Check your suspicious decorations for glassy surfaces or visible lenses that might indicate a hidden camera. The most effective cameras will be positioned so that they can see as much of the room as possible. Look for decorations on the edges of the room that are angled awkwardly to face into the room. Hidden microphones will work best when they’re in the center of a room, so they can hear everything equally. Look for decorations positioned on a table in the middle of your room to find hidden microphones. While some short-term surveillance devices might be battery-powered, most hidden cameras and microphones will need some sort of power supply. Look around your electronics and power outlets for wires leading into anything that doesn’t need power, or wires that you don’t recognize. If you find an unfamiliar wire and can’t work out what it is powering, you should unplug it immediately. A hidden camera detector will make it easier to detect pinhole cameras hidden in walls or objects. Place an empty toilet paper tube over one eye and hold a flashlight in front of the other. Turn off the lights, turn on the flashlight, and look around the room slowly for small glimmers of light. The light will reflect off of the charge coupled device or lens on the camera, making it easier to notice. Once you identify a glimmer, take a closer look at the object to see if it might be a camera. Some reflective objects will let off a glimmer without it meaning they’re hiding a camera. Some cameras might also have small LED lights that will activate in the dark. These should also be easily visible through a hidden camera detector. Cameras and microphones can be hidden in your car to record or track you. Check inside any light fixtures or around your vehicle's battery for any unfamiliar wires or devices. Use a flashlight to look under your car, checking for anything that seems to be stuck onto the vehicle rather than part of it. It's rare for there to be wires coming off of the contact points on your battery. Carefully investigate any strange wires, avoiding coming in contact with the battery where you can. The only device inside your light fixture should be the lightbulb itself. It may also help to take a look inside and around the lightbulb to see if the bulb itself is bugged. All of the methods used for detecting hidden cameras and microphones in your home will also work when looking for them in your car. Two-way mirrors look like a mirror on one side and a window from the other, which makes them perfect for hiding cameras. If you suspect a mirror is two-way, turn off the lights in the room and press a flashlight against the glass. If it’s a two-way mirror, you’ll be able to see the room on the other side. Try lifting the mirror off of the wall. Two-way mirrors have to be installed in the wall or bolted to it, where regular mirrors might just be hung on a hook. Another way to detect a two-way mirror is by tapping on it. A regular mirror will produce a dull, flat sound, whereas a two-way mirror will sound sharper, open, or hollow due to the room behind it. If you suspect you have a two-way mirror, the easiest way to deal with it is to cover it up with a sheet, some paper, or even by hanging another mirror over it." ], "summary": [ "Sweep the area with an RF detector. Listen for interference when making a call. Use a digital or smartphone camera to look for infrared lights. Look for strange Wi-Fi signals on your phone or computer.", "Listen for a quiet buzzing or clicking noise to detect a recording device. Investigate your smoke detectors and other electronics. Look for decorations that seem strange or out of place. Check for peculiar wires or wires that don’t lead anywhere. Build a hidden camera detector to find well-hidden devices. Look around light fixtures and the battery in your vehicle. Use a flashlight to check for two-way mirrors." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Showing Her That You Think She’s Special", "Listening Well and Responding Appropriately", "Cooking Dinner for Her" ], "document": [ "A girl likes to know you are watching out for her. A fine balance is important here, though. You don’t want her to feel that you’re watching every move she makes. That’s too controlling. Just be natural with the small things that come up; she can’t help but notice and feel good! Offer your arm when crossing the street. Wait until she’s safely in her house before leaving. If you haven’t seen her for a few days, give her a call to see if she’s okay. If she’s sick, call and ask her if she wants you to come by with some magazines or a book. Calmly, and not too seriously, laugh and say something like “It’s okay, whatever.” Try and make her feel comfortable no matter what she says. If she smiles, then that’s good. She will feel that, even during her goofy times, you fully accept her for who she is. With how much time people spend hunched over computers and smartphones these days, volunteering to reduce any pent-up tension can definitely make her feel good! Do it slow, though, with medium pressure. The tendency, if it’s not your occupation, is to go too fast with light pressure. But that can make her feel even more stressed. Whether it’s her foot or shoulder, knead the area in a relaxed, slow manner, and watch her melt like butter under your hands! Most girls are romantic at-heart and holding her hand as you stroll together in the world can make her feel special. It also lets her know that you’re comfortable showing others that you are together. Keep your clasp relaxed, though, not a death grip! If you’ve just started going out, only do it occasionally. If she grabs your hand, that’s a great sign. Don’t automatically assume that she knows. Either way, she wants to hear it from you. She doesn’t have to be all dressed up for you to say it. Most girls make an effort to look pretty, even with a casual outfit, and letting her know that you think so, too, can go a long way in making her feel good. All of these small niceties convey to her that you care enough to ask. It also shows that you’re not just thinking of yourself. Be careful to not go overboard, though. Gauge your actions based on what’s seems logical for the situation.", "Don’t be too intense, though. That can look like you’re trying too hard. Also keep your face relaxed without too many animated expressions. If your face is going a mile a minute in everything she says, that can be distracting. Girls usually have lots of feelings about things, and this gives her a chance to express them versus keeping them bottled up inside. If you sense that a situation was frustrating, difficult or upsetting, let her know. Even if she doesn’t say anything, she’ll notice and appreciate it. It’s okay to not understand every aspect of a situation but don’t say that her feelings are wrong because feelings can never be wrong. Be careful to not blame her either when she shares something with you. Strive to be empathetic, not judgmental or overly harsh. Turn your cell phone off. Don’t look around the room or at other people. Listening well is an art form, and many people are poor listeners. Go the extra mile here. It will pay dividends in making her feel good. Females secrete a feel-good hormone when expressing their feelings. By sharing things with you, she can’t help but also feel good about you. The more comfortable she is in talking to you, the safer she will feel, too, in opening up. Along with eye contact, show active listening skills by nodding your head and saying things that confirm you hear her like “I would feel the same way myself” or “I can see why you would feel that way.” Don’t interrupt. Many people also find this difficult when listening to others. You will go far in making her feel good by waiting until she’s completely finished before commenting. This also goes both ways. When it’s your turn to talk, she’ll listen better to you, too. This can be challenging because it’s natural to want to immediately try and solve matters. First and foremost, though, she needs to feel heard. Jumping in with what you think is best could make her feel that you don’t trust her in solving them. So let her express herself and ask what she thinks is best. This will boost her confidence in situations, and she’ll appreciate this quality in you, too. The more you understand where she is with an issue, the more she will trust that you can help her solve it. But wait until she asks before automatically giving your opinion. When you do give it, be thoughtful about it. Think what it’s like to be in her shoes before commenting. Sometimes what people say or how they say it can be humorous to the person listening. Pay attention to her body language. If she’s serious, then trust that it’s a serious matter. If you’re condescending, she could think you don’t understand her at a deeper level, not just that situation.", "Put fresh flowers in a vase. Place candles in the center. Arrange the table in an attractive way. Even if you don’t do it perfectly, she will still be impressed with your efforts, especially if it’s not something that comes naturally to you. If you do something wrong, that’s okay. The important thing is that you tried. It will probably bring out the humor in her if you mess part of it up anyway. Many seasoned chefs, however, recommend not cooking a meal that you’ve never made before. So consider it whipping it for yourself once before inviting her over. Don’t worry about having the best of the best. Keeping it real is important, too. If you can’t afford crystal glasses at this point in your career, that’s fine. You want her to accept all aspects of you and your life. If she truly cares for you as a person, then she won’t mind one bit! If you’re not a natural in the kitchen, pasta is one of the easiest dishes to make. Plus, if you don’t know whether or not she’s vegetarian, then it’s a safe bet, too. Bread and salad are also good accompaniments because then you don’t have to worry about cooking side dishes at the same time as the pasta. If you wait to do everything until she arrives, you could be slaving away the whole time versus spending quality time with her. Basically do everything that you can in advance. For the pasta, it’s good to have everything ready except for actually dropping it in the boiling water. Prepare the salad in advance. Try and avoid having her feel as if she needs to take over for you in the kitchen! When she arrives, asks if she likes it. If not, ask her to put something on that she likes better. Many girls feel that guys aren’t caring enough and/or have a caveman mentality. Pulling out all the stops conveys to her that you have overcome these odds to make her happy! Making anything chocolate can make a girl feel not only good but great! There’s truth behind this, too. Chocolate contains a compound called phenylethylamine, a natural feel-good chemical linked to the release of endorphins. Offering coffee or tea with it can give both of you an extra energy burst if you served wine with dinner." ], "summary": [ "Make her feel good through small, protective gestures. Respond in a relaxed manner if she says something in an awkward way. Offer to give her a foot massage or shoulder rub. Reach for her hand when walking. Compliment her on how she looks. Ask her if the indoor temperature is too warm or too cold.", "Make eye contact when listening. Ask her how particular situations make her feel. Give her your undivided attention, ignoring distractions. Let her know you are listening through your gestures. Don’t offer solutions to her problems. Resist mocking, laughing or being sarcastic.", "Set up a romantic table just for the two of you. Make an easy, but tasty, pasta dish served with fresh bread and salad. Do your prep work. Play dinner music in the background, like R & B, jazz or soft rock. Prepare an easy, but delicious, chocolaty dessert with coffee or tea." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Challenging Your Thinking", "Seeking Professional Treatment", "Taking Action During an Attack" ], "document": [ "Many people who experience panic have a tendency to beat themselves up or criticize themselves. Try to go easy on yourself in the midst of an attack. Getting angry or upset without yourself for not being strong enough or succumbing to an attack won't help. Replace self-criticism with compassion. Be gentle with yourself as you would a friend. Instead of judging yourself for not snapping out of it, hug yourself and inwardly tell yourself to take the time you need to calm down and relax. If you are guilty of being hard on yourself, think about the statistics. Having an anxiety attack does not make you weak or crazy. More than 6 million people in America struggle with panic disorder. What's more, if you are female, you are twice as likely to be afflicted by this condition. A common thought during a panic attack is that you are going to die. Fear and dread hold your common sense captive and all you can think about is escaping this feeling. It may be helpful to remind yourself that you have lived through an attack before. You are a survivor. All you have to do is continue to control your breathing and eventually the attack will pass. Positive self-talk is an incredibly useful strategy for overcoming panic during an attack. In addition, regularly using this form of thinking can also minimize the level of anxiety you feel throughout the day. Tell yourself the following: ”I am completely safe.” ”I am not in danger.” ”This feeling will pass.” ”I am getting calmer by the minute.”", "Doctors generally prescribe anti-anxiety and antidepressant medication to individuals who suffer from panic disorder. These medications are extremely powerful as many reduce the symptoms of anxiety attacks immediately. Anti-anxiety medications, such as benzodiazepines and tranquilizers, function by reducing the excess activity in the brain. Depending on the dosage, these drugs may provide relief from anxiety within thirty minutes to an hour after ingestion. They also come with side effects like depression, drowsiness, impaired thinking, and dizziness among others. Antidepressants have been found to treat the symptoms of anxiety, too. However, these medications are often prescribed to treat chronic anxiety and will not be helpful during acute anxiety attacks. You would take them to prevent attacks rather than to relieve one. Follow the instructions carefully, if your doctor has prescribed medication. Many anti-anxiety medications have addictive qualities; taking more than prescribed can be dangerous. And, remember, never share your prescriptions medications with other people. Most people find that panic disorder is treated effectively with a regimen of both medication and psychotherapy. A research-backed and long-lasting therapeutic solution, for panic disorder and anxiety is cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy involves identifying the sources of fear, recognizing faulty thinking patterns, and developing healthy coping mechanisms to life stressors. You may see positive results after approximately three to four months, if not sooner, of participating in this approach. If you are prone to panic attacks, you will do well not to consume caffeinated products such as tea, coffee, and even chocolate. If you smoke, you may want to quit since nicotine is a stimulant as well. Alcohol, in small doses, can even serve as a stimulant. These chemicals often worsen anxiety by exciting your central nervous system and generating energy that creates panic. When you get your body moving, even if only for a 10-minute walk, you may find your mood is vastly improved. Research has found that, for some people, aerobic exercise can elevate your mood, decrease tension, and improve sleep and self-esteem. Data suggests that frequency is more important than how long you exercise, so instead of going for a marathon gym session over the weekend, try to work in a 15–20 minute walk every day.", "There are several symptoms of an anxiety attack, and each person has a unique feeling when an attack happens. In the middle of a panic attack, your body enters “fight or flight” mode. Since this response can't be sustained long-term, an attack generally fades after a few minutes. Nonetheless, some people experience repeated attacks that span hours. The most common symptoms of an attack are: Racing heart Feeling flushed or hot Debilitating terror Experiencing chest pains Having trouble breathing Experiencing “pins and needles” in the fingers or toes Thinking that you will die Feeling claustrophobic . One of the common side effects of an attack is not being able to catch your breath. Therefore, mastering deep breathing can be one of your strongest weapons during an attack. Try to control your breathing by placing one hand on your belly and the other on your chest. Exhale sharply and let your upper body fall into a relaxed state. Now, breathe in slowly through your nose for 4 counts. You should feel the hand on your belly moving outwards. Pause and hold the breath for 1 or 2 counts. Now, gradually release the air out through your mouth for 4 counts. Repeat the process for several minutes as the natural relaxation response comes into effect. Frequently, panic attacks are set off by feeling overwhelmed in a large group of people. Go to a quiet room or corner where you can feel your back against a wall, grounding you. Sit down if you can, and drink some water. While getting away from your environment may help, you want to try your best to resume your usual activities as soon as possible. You can stop panic attacks that occur during any activity by learning relaxation and grounding techniques. Derealization and/or depersonalization involve feeling as though you are disconnected from the surrounding environment or from your body respectively. Some people experience these sensations during anxiety attacks. Grounding techniques are an effective remedy for derealization and depersonalization. Connect with your reality by grounding yourself in what is tangible and pulling your attention away from panic. Attempt to close your mind off to one sense at a time while practicing deep, calming breathing. Stand up and feel your feet touching the ground. Only focus on how it feels to be standing, how your feet feel in your shoes or against the floor if barefoot. Then, rub your fingers along the wall. Think about how that feels. Notice how your hair feels up against your ear, or how your clothes feel on your body. Finally, listen to the noises around you. What sounds do you hear? Continue to breathe deeply as you connect with the different sensations. Once your breathing has steadied, you might feel confident enough to go to a bathroom to wash up. If possible let the water run over your face or dip your face into the sink for a few seconds. The refreshing feeling can sometimes help calm you down. Another strategy for diverting your attention away from anxiety is holding an ice cube in the palm of your hand (covered with a paper towel if you like). Hold onto the cube for as long as you can; then, switch hands. Your attention becomes focused on the discomfort of the cold ice and less on your panic symptoms. Sometimes they can help you talk through your feelings; sometimes just having someone to talk to can keep your mind preoccupied and get you through a panic attack." ], "summary": [ "Avoid criticizing yourself. Remind yourself that you have survived before. Talk yourself back to a calm state.", "See a psychiatrist for medications to ease anxiety attacks. Talk to your doctor about how to use your medications. Participate in therapy. Avoid stimulants. Exercise regularly.", "Recognize the symptoms. Breathe deeply Try to find a quiet place. Reorient yourself to the environment. Fend off anxiety with water. Talk to a friend or someone you trust." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Adding Accessories", "Making the Hood and Mask", "Creating the Ninja Top and Pants" ], "document": [ "Pant guards are tied around both calves and around both thighs, right above the knees. You’ll need four shirts. You could also use scarves instead of t-shirts, if you have those on hand. Red and black are ideal, but white would work, too. The collar should be pointing toward your navel at an angle. Tuck in the seam of the collar to get rid of the awkward lines. Tuck any loose material so that the band is 2–3 inches (5.1–7.6 cm) wide. Your thigh is not in the t-shirt. The t-shirt is simply draped over it. Tie off the sleeves in the back of your leg. Fold the knots under. Tuck any loose material so that the band is 2–3 inches (5.1–7.6 cm) wide. Then, tie off the bottom ends of the shirt behind your leg. Make sure you tuck loose ends or knots. Do this to both legs. Wrap a t-shirt around the middle of one of your calves. Tie the sleeves in the back, just like you did with the thigh guards. Fold the knots under the fabric. Do the same thing for your other calf. You could make throwing stars or a ninja sword out of cardboard, or buy plastic ones from a costume shop and carry those. If you have nun-chucks, carry those with you. If nothing else, ninjas used long wooden staffs as weapons, so you could try using the long handle of a broom or find a tree branch outside that resembles a staff. Take a piece of cardboard, and cut it to the shape of the weapon. Use duct tape, to create a sliver shine. On the end, take black tape, or cloth for the handle.", "In other words, pop your head about halfway through the collar. The top of the tee (the collar) should be resting on the arch of your nose and ears. Adjust it so it's a bit above your eyebrows. It doesn't have to feel tight just yet, just get it situated in place. Tuck the material under itself so that it just covers your forehead. It's okay to leave the sleeves dangling in the back. You can either leave them free or tuck them into the turtleneck.", "Slip into a long-sleeved black turtleneck shirt. Pull on a pair of straight-fit cargo pants that are slightly loose. If you don’t have a black turtleneck, a white one will work. Make sure you change the other main costume details to white, as well. If you don’t have black cargo pants, try black tights, skinny jeans or leggings. All cargo pants are straight-fit, but ninja pants taper at the ankles. To get the same effect, use black ribbon to tie the pants off just above the ankles. Tie the knots securely. A real kimono might be expensive, but the perfect substitute is a short black satin (or thin cotton) robe. These can be found at any department store. Make sure it comes with a belt! If you can’t find a completely black satin robe, look for one that has detailing in bright, rich colors like red, blue, green and white. Minimal floral detail in those colors would work, for example. You could also just get the darkest solid color they have (red and white ninjas aren’t uncommon). Slip it on like you would a regular robe, then arrange it until you feel comfortable. Fasten the belt firmly at the waist by tying it in a knot. Any material will do – leather, wool, knit – as long as they’re black. Tuck the wrist part of each glove into the sleeves of your black turtleneck. Once you get it around your upper torso (bottom half of your ribcage down to about your belly button), the front will look like a very wide belt. Take the ends of the scarf and tie them together tightly behind you. Use safety pins to secure the scarf in place. For a cleaner look, tuck the ends underneath the main part of the belt so they don't hang down. Slip on a pair of black boots. Before you tie them, tuck the ends of your pants down into them. Then tie them like you normally would, securing the pants in place." ], "summary": [ "Create pant guards with red or black t-shirts. Place one shirt across your upper thigh above the knee. Take the sleeves and wrap the shirt around your upper leg. Take another shirt and do the same to your lower legs. Make some ninja weapons to complete the look. Make a weapon.", "Put on a long-sleeved t-shirt and stop above the ears and nose. Pull the back of the shirt over your forehead. Take the sleeves and tie them behind your head.", "Tuck a black turtleneck into a pair of black cargo pants. Tie a short piece of black ribbon over the pants at each ankle. Obtain a black kimono or short black robe. Put the robe on over your turtleneck and cargo pants. Slip on a pair of black gloves. Wrap a black scarf around your upper torso. Tuck your pants into black ankle-high boots." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Identifying a Persian Cat By Physical Characteristics", "Finding a Reputable Persian Breeder or Seller", "Recognizing Persian Cat Behavior" ], "document": [ "Persian cats tend to have very round faces with full, puffy cheeks. The nose is \"snubbed,\" and therefore not very prominent. Their eyes are usually large and expressive and may be colored blue, amber, or a mix of the two. Meanwhile, the ears tend to be very small and round-tipped in appearance. While many Persian cats tend to have flat faces, there are variations. Some Persians have a more rounded facial shape, which breeders often refer to as a doll-faced Persian. The coat of a Persian cat tends to be very distinct. Persians typically have long fur with a silky texture. Their fur needs to be combed every day to avoid getting knots and tangles, and mats may need to be trimmed out from time to time. Most Persians will require daily grooming that lasts at least 10 to 15 minutes, plus an hour-long grooming session once every week. Though many people picture a white cat when they think of Persians, these cats can come in a wide variety of colors. Some of the most common colors include white, red, cream, black, brown, blue-gray, chocolate, lilac, silver, golden, tortoiseshell, blue-cream, calico, and seal (usually a mix of cream and brown/black). There are numerous variations on the coat pattern seen in Persian cats. Breeders who raise Persians for cat competitions have divided the most common Persian patterns into seven categories (called divisions) to more easily identify what type of Persian you're adopting or purchasing. Solid Division - this category implies that the cat has a single, uniform coat color. Most solids have copper-colored eyes, but white Persians may have copper, blue, or one of each. Silver & Golden Division - Persians in this category have either chinchilla (sparkling white with fine black tips) coats or shaded silver and golden coats. Goldens have a warm, creamy coat with black tips, and silvers usually have black down the back with even shading down the sides. Shaded & Smoke Division - shaded Persians tend to have shell and shaded-cameo coats, typically with a white undercoat and tips that are red, cream, black, or blue-cream. Smoke Persians appear to have a solid colored coat, but close examination reveals a white undercoat. Tabby Division - tabby Persians have either classic, mackerel, or patched tabby patterns. Classic tabbies have a bull's eye pattern along the side, and mackerel tabbies have thin lines that appear drawn on around the entire body. Parti-color Division - this category includes Persians that have tortoiseshell, chocolate tortoiseshell, blue-cream, and lilac-cream coats. These coats tend to be a solid color (usually black or cream) with patches of red. Calico & Bicolor Division - this category includes calico patterns and dual-colored coats. All cats in this division have copper eyes, except for silver tabbies, which may have green or hazel eyes. Himalayan Division - these Persians tend to have white or cream bodies with point colors restricted to the face and extremities. Cats in this division will always have blue eyes. Persian cats typically have a distinct tail. It's usually short and lofted upward. The tail is usually straight with little to no curvature, and Persians usually carry the tail at an angle below the back. Persian cats have a distinctly short, stocky body shape. They tend to be slightly heavier than the average cat, though their bodies remain somewhat compact. A Persian cat's legs have heavy bones that carry the medium- to large-sized body. The shoulders are usually broad, with an overall thick, compact body. The neck is also short and thick. Female Persians generally weigh between 8 to 12 pounds. Male Persians typically weigh over 12 pounds. Look for a test kit from a reputable online site, like one affiliated with a university. You'll swab your cat's cheek a couple times and send the samples to a lab, where scientists will conduct DNA tests to tell you what breed your cat is. The test is 90% accurate and can be a great way to confirm whether your cat is a true Persian or not.", "If you want a Persian kitten, you may have to go through a breeder. However, it's important that you only work with reputable breeders. This helps ensure your cat's health and its true breed identity, and it also helps reduce business for disreputable or illegal breeders. A reputable breeder will offer you health certifications that prove that the cat has been screened for genetic health complications. Reputable breeders typically make kittens available when they are between 12 and 16 weeks old. Kittens sold before 12 weeks of age may not be inoculated and will lack the physical and social strength to adjust to a new home. Ask if you can tour the facility, which any reputable breeder should be able to accommodate. Look for any signs of sick animals or unsanitary/unhealthy living conditions. You can ask your veterinarian for a list of reputable breeders in your area. If a vet recommends a breeder, there's a good chance that breeder follows acceptable practices. If you choose to work with a breeder, make sure you know what to look for. In addition to having health certifications and an open facility, a reputable breeder should have limitations on the number and variety of kittens available at any given time. A reputable breeder will also be more particular about how you can pay for your cat once you've worked out an arrangement and chosen a kitten. Any breeder who has kittens continuously available or houses multiple litters should be seen as a red flag. Also, anyone selling kittens younger than 12 weeks of age is probably an disreputable breeder. Ask the breeder whether he or she sells to pet stores and wholesalers. Reputable breeders are bound by a code of professional ethics that bans this practice, and any breeder who makes these sales is not to be trusted. If the breeder allows you to pay online using a credit card, it might be a scam or an disreputable breeder. Most breeders will want you to pay in person, usually with cash or a check. Persian kittens are incredibly rare to find in an animal rescue or shelter, but adult Persian cats are frequently available for adoption. If you check at a few different rescues or shelters, you will find both mixed-breed and pedigreed Persian cats looking for a home. You can try visiting shelters and rescues in your area, or you can search online with listings like Petfinder or Adopt-a-Pet. Some online listings may allow you to search by breed, which can help you narrow down your search for a Persian. You can also search online for Persian breed-specific rescue groups in your area. These groups specialize in finding homes for a given breed, and can be an excellent resource for finding and adopting your own Persian cat.", "Though every cat is unique, Persians in general tend to have a distinct personality type. They are playful in their own way, yet reserved and somewhat docile for the most part. Unlike other cat breeds, Persians are not particularly known for jumping or climbing. Persian cats tend to prefer sitting in a person's lap or lying in the sun over more physical activities. They tend to not be very demanding of people's affection. Sitting or reclining in a person's lap is usually sufficient for most Persians. Persians often get frightened or annoyed with loud noise and/or poorly-behaved children. Persian cats are not known for being very vocal. They might greet people with a quiet, low-key meow, but will not meow or yowl with any persistence unless they are distressed. When a Persian cat does vocalize, it tends to be in short, melodic bursts. Persians are generally not very welcoming to surprises. Because of this, taking a Persian cat to an unfamiliar environment may be jarring and unpleasant to your cat. If you are planning on leaving town for a few days, a Persian may need someone to visit your home and care for him or her, rather than being boarded in unfamiliar territory. If you plan on making changes to your home, like buying new furniture, it may be best for your cat to introduce that furniture gradually instead of all at once. If you move to a new home, make sure some of your old furniture is there before you bring your cat. This can make the transition easier for a Persian. Like many purebred cats, Persians are prone to certain health complications at some point in life. Some may not significantly affect the cat's quality of life, while others can be quite serious. Some of the most common health complications seen in Persian cats include: Basal cell tumors Cataracts Deafness (especially common in blue-eyed Persians) Cryptorchidism Entropion Facial fold dermatitis Lysosomal storage disease Peritoneopericardial hernia Polycystic kidney disease Progressive retinal atrophy Systemic lupus Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Portosystemic shunt Gingivitis Corneal sequestration Hip dysplasia Strabismus/nystagmus Dermatophytosis" ], "summary": [ "Recognize a Persian cat's face. Look at the coat length and texture. Check the color of the coat. Examine the coat pattern. Look at the tail. Check the cat's body shape. Order an at-home DNA test.", "Find a reputable breeder. Look out for warning signs of a bad breeder. Try adopting a Persian from a rescue or shelter.", "Look for a playful but reserved personality. Anticipate a relatively quiet cat. Keep a Persian's surroundings familiar. Identify common health complications in Persians." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Choosing your Logo Type", "Considering Other Elements", "Identifying your Brand", "Trademark protection for your Logo" ], "document": [ "One of the simplest, but most common, logos, this type uses only text, often with a unique font that captures the company's vibe. Think You Tube or Microsoft. These logos put the company name front and center. Text logos are very common with Fortune 500 companies. The challenge is making sure they're not boring. However, wordmark logos will help brand your company because they focus on the company's name. Text logos are easy to reproduce in marketing materials. Don't choose a text logo if your company's name is too common. Google uses a text logo because its name is unusual and thus memorable. Be careful to space the letters properly. This is called \"kerning\" in the industry. Choosing the font carefully helps capture your company's feel. Serif fonts are considered more traditional, and san-serif fonts are modern. Pick a font that conveys your company's attitude. You can purchase fonts on the Internet or find free versions. I you don't feel comfortable making the logo yourself, though, you could hire a marketing or PR company that will do it for you. If you need a logo fast, a wordmark logo is the way to go. It's simplest. Text logos won't work well for companies that market in countries without the Latin alphabet. Lettermark logos also contain only text, but they showcase your company's initials instead of its full name. CNN and IBM are companies that use lettermark logos. Lettermark logos are a good choice if your company name is very long or technical. Small products without much space for branding often use lettermark logos. It can take time and investment to educate consumers about your initials, so don't pick a lettermark logo if you don't have the ability to do so. Sometimes companies decide to rebrand themselves by using a lettermark logo. Think KFC. These logos are sometimes called symbol or icon logos instead. They are what they sound like: They don't use words at all. They choose to brand a company with a symbol alone. Companies with long or technical names might benefit from using a brandmark logo. One study found that only 6 percent of companies used a brandmark logo. . People often remember symbols better than they do words. For some companies, brandmark logos have proven very effective. Who doesn't know the Nike swoosh? Unlike text logos, brandmark logos can be open to multiple interpretations. So choose the symbol carefully, and consider different meanings. Some logos use both text and symbols to convey their brand. These logos can capture some of the benefits of each of the two logo types. The text in a combination logo can help clarify the meaning of the symbol. In combination logos, the text and symbols usually stand separately. Red Lobster is an example of a company that uses a combination mark. Symbols can create deeper emotional reactions than words. So think your symbol choice through carefully. An emblem logo places the text inside of a symbol. Thus, an emblem is a form of a combination logo. Emblem logos are sometimes called shield logos. Emblem logos convey tradition and stability, so they are great for family-owned companies. The car manufacturer Ford and coffeehouse Starbucks are examples of companies that use emblem logos.", "This matters when it comes to choosing a logo type. Can you afford colors? How much money can you really afford to spend on this? However, a logo is too important to mess up by going too cheap. Don't use short cuts. Your logo can make all of the difference whether your company succeeds or fails. So spend some time and money on it. Clipart is rarely a good idea. It won't be unique because it's used by many people. And it makes your company look cheap. It takes a lot of advertising money to make the public understand what a symbol logo stands for. Logos don't have to communicate exactly what a company does. For example, McDonalds' logo is not a hamburger, and Nike's logo is not a shoe. Don't use cliches. You want your logo to be creative, not corny. If your company logo contains a cliche, it won't create the proper feeling in consumers. Consider custom lettering. You don't have to use the same old cliched fonts that everyone picks. You can create custom letters that will give your logo real flair. Basing your logo on a trend is dangerous because trends can change fast. You want your logo to be durable. UPS is an example of a company that doesn't rely on trends to succeed with its brand. After all, its basic color is brown. But the company is known for reliability, and that works. Leaving out concrete, literal details can allow a company to go in new branding directions if needed. Apple's logo works because the company makes many different products. If the logo was a PC, for example, it would be hard to place on an iPod. Be aware that different colors provoke different emotions and meanings. So research colors, and pick them with caution. Make sure they fit into your entire branding identity. Colors should be next to each other on the color wheel. Avoid bright colors that hurt the eyes. Pick your colors last. They shouldn't be the driving force of your logo. For this reason, designers often make the logo in black-and-white first. Consider contrast. You want a logo with tonal variation. This will help your logo stand out from others. Business logos often consist of only one or two colors. The most iconic logos are often those with greatest simplicity. Apple always comes to mind because it's a very simple logo that almost everyone knows. Logos are not meant to explain. They are supposed to convey immediate meaning or recognition. Typically, logos should only have one or two fonts or they will be distracting. The problem with cluttered logos with too much going on is that they can look terrible with very small logos. Remember that your logo will probably have to work in different sizes. Try printing the logo on an envelope to see how it translates with a smaller size. It should not lose quality. Figure out where the logo will run. The logo should work on business cards and sides of company trucks too, if applicable. The type of company you have and the audience it serves can help you determine the kind of logo you need.", "The first step when creating a good logo is to understand your company's brand. Although a logo is just one way to communicate the brand, it is often thought of as the cornerstone of a company's brand. To create an effective logo, you need to understand very clearly what your company represents. Which emotions do you want people to feel when they see your logo? What are your company's core values? What vibe are you trying to create? What impression do you want people to have of your company? Answering these questions will help you determine your company's brand. One way to figure out your brand identity is to create a mood board. On it, place all images that come to mind when you think about your company. Write down the key words that describe your company. This is a good place to start when creating a logo too. The words can lead to logo ideas. Minimally, the logos should capture some sense of the words you pick because the logo and brand should reflect one another. Consider your company's history. Your company's story is part of its overall identity and brand. A good place to start when determining your brand is to remember your company's origins. Your brand should make you stand out from your competition. You don't want to blend in with everyone else. That's no way to sell a product. This is even more important when there are competitor companies that market a similar product to yours. You have to find a way to differentiate yourself from the pack. Figure out the single factor that makes you different from all of the rest. A unique selling proposition isn't many things. It's often one. Think beyond the product itself. The reason that iconic brands like American Express and Mercedes work is because they connote quality or great service, so people will pay more for their product. It's important to determine the emotions that you want people to feel when they see your logo or think about your company's brand. A brand is a customer's \"gut feeling\" about your business. Virgin Airlines is an example of a company that has thrived by focusing on customer feelings and service. A brand means people would miss your product. It has meaning to them. Coca-cola connects people to their childhoods. In that way, the brand creates meaning to consumers that goes beyond the product's taste. A brand doesn't just encompass what you think about your company. It involves how customers feel about your company and communicate with each other about it. What customers think your brand is, is your brand. Customers choose Starbucks because of its cache and lifestyle promises, not just its coffee. You will want to figure out everything about your company's position in the marketplace. SWOT is a technique that was developed by business experts in the 1960s to help businesses come up with a concrete action plan to improve their practices. Four key aspects make up a SWOT analysis. One computer company CEO says his company does the SWOT analysis each quarter. The company uses collective knowledge by involving all employees in the analysis, and the CEO believes the analysis helps the company spot blind spots. Other companies use SWOT analysis as part of the strategic planning process. Sometimes companies will gather employees for a brainstorming session that uses the four-step SWOT analysis. Doing a SWOT analysis can help you figure out how to brand and position your company in your logo. The first two elements of the SWOT analysis are internal factors faced by a company. The second two are external. What are your company's strengths? This is the first question in a SWOT analysis. Be realistic when you assess your company's strengths and consider competition when doing so. Branding, pricing, and other location are elements that are often considered. What are its weaknesses? Don't focus too much on gray areas. You don't want to have too much complexity in a SOT analysis. What threats does it face? This is the third part of the SWOT analysis, and it focuses on customers and competition, as well as any other external threats. What opportunities exist?", "You can protect your logo by registering it as a trademark. This means that another company won't be able to use a similar logo, confusing your customers or theirs. First, you need to figure out if another company is already using or has registered something similar to your logo. Having a distinctive trademark legally means it is enforceable as your \"intellectual property.\" You can hire a trademark attorney to do the search, known as a \"clearance\" search, to minimize the risk of infringing upon existing trademark rights of others. It's possible to search the U.S. government's trademark database online as a starting point in your clearance project. Note that non-registered trademarks are also enforceable in the USA, among a few other common-law countries that do not require official registration. One benefit of registering a trademark in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is that other companies will be deterred from using your logo, and you will have exclusive rights nationwide to use it on your specific goods or services. Once you are satisfied another company doesn't have something similar to your logo, you can begin to use it and on your goods and services and then apply to register it in the USPTO. You will need to clearly spell out the products and services you offer in a particular way that conforms with the Acceptable Identification of Goods and Services Manual. You will have to provide a sketch or picture of your logo, a description of it, and a sample showing how it is in actual use in commerce on your goods or services. It is possible to file for federal registration several years prior to your actual use of it in commerce, provided you certify a bona fide \"intent to use\" that brand on those goods. Additional fees will be owed when you later submit proof of actual use. If you only do business in one state, you could register your trademark through your Secretary of State office instead, but that won't give you the same claim of national priority. State registrations are typically faster and less expensive. It may take a year or more to be issued a federal registration, after which you may affix the circle-R indicator ® to your logo. Periodic federal or state fees may be required for maintenance of your registrations in good standing. The first federal fees are due no later than 6 years after issuance. Having a trademark doesn't mean much if you don't keep an eye out for violations of it. There are companies that will do a trademark watch for you. If you find a violator, and you are sure your brand has seniority over their use in the overlapping field, you can send them a cease and desist letter. If that doesn't work, you may need to consider a lawsuit. A trademark watch means you are notified when someone uses a logo too close to your trademark. An internal company watch is also essential. Create internal guidelines for the proper use and monitoring of your logo as a trademark (i.e., as an adjective and not a verb or noun), whether or not it is registered. That way you will not inadvertently compromise your right to enforce it." ], "summary": [ "Use a wordmark (text) logo. Use a lettermark logo. Pick a brandmark logo. Select a combination mark.", "Determine your budget. Be creative. Choose color carefully. Go simple. Choose size carefully.", "Figure out your company's values. Find a unique selling proposition. Don't forget emotional response. Do a SWOT analysis.", "Search the trademark database. Register your Trademark. Create a trademark watch." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Alpha Testing", "Building Your Prototype", "Beta Testing", "Learning a Language", "Releasing the Program", "Coming Up With an Idea" ], "document": [ "In the alpha stage, the testing team can and should be small. A small group will help you get focused feedback and gives you the ability to interface with testers one on one. Every time you make updates to the prototype, new builds are sent out to the alpha testers. The testers then try all of the included features and also try to break the program, documenting their results. If you are developing a commercial product, you will want to make sure that all of your testers sign a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA). This will prevent them from telling others about your program, and prevent leaks to press and other users. Take some time to come up with a solid testing plan. Make sure that your testers have a way to easily report bugs in the program, as well as easily access new versions of the alpha. GitHub and other code repositories are a great way to easily manage this aspect. Bugs are the bane of every developer. Errors in code and unexpected usage can cause all kinds of problems in a finished product. As you continue to work on your prototype, test it as much as possible. Do everything you can to break it, and then try to keep it from breaking in the future. Try inputting odd dates if your program deals with dates. Really old dates or far future dates may cause odd reactions with the program. Input the wrong kind of variables. For example, if you have a form that asks for the user's age, enter in a word instead and see what happens to the program. If your program has a graphical interface, click on everything. What happens when you go back to a previous screen, or click buttons in the wrong order? When revising the program in the alpha, you will be spending a lot of time fixing features that do not work correctly. When organizing your bug reports from your alpha testers, they will need to be sorted based on two metrics: Severity and Priority. The Severity of a bug is a measure of how much damage the bug causes. Bugs that crash the program, corrupt data, keep the program from running are referred to as Blockers. Features that don't work or return incorrect results are labeled Critical, while difficult to use or bad-looking features are labeled Major. There are also Normal, Minor, and Trivial bugs that affect smaller sections or less-crucial features. The Priority of a bug determines what order you tackle them when attempting to fix bugs. Fixing bugs in software is a time-consuming process, and takes away from the time you have to add features and polish. As such, you have to take the priority of a bug into account to make sure that you meet deadlines. All Blocker and Critical bugs take the highest priority, sometimes referred to as P1. P2 bugs are usually Major bugs that are scheduled to be fixed, but won't hold a product back from being shipped. P3 and P4 bugs are usually not scheduled fixes, and fall into the \"nice to have\" category. During the alpha phase, you will be adding more features to your program to bring it closer to the program outlined in your design document. The alpha stage is where the prototype evolves into the basic for of the full program. By the end of the alpha stage, your program should have all of its features implemented. Don't stray too far from your original design document. A common problem in software development is \"feature-creep\", where new ideas keep getting added, causing the original focus to be lost and spreading development time between too many different features. You want your program to be the best at what it does, not a jack of all trades. As you add features to your program during the alpha phase, send out the new build to your testers. The regularity of new builds will be entirely dependent on your team's size and how much progress you're making on the features. Once you've implemented all of the features and functionality in your program, you can move out of the alpha phase. At this point, no further features should be added, and the included features should essentially work. Now you can move onto wider testing and polish, known as the beta phase.", "This will be the prototype that shows off the functionality that you're aiming to achieve. A prototype is a quick program, and should be iterated on until you find a design that works. For example, if you are creating a calendar program, your prototype would be a basic calendar (with correct dates!) and a way to add events to it. As you create your prototype, use a top-down approach. Leave out as much detail as you possibly can at first. Then, slowly add finer and finer details. This will speed up the prototyping process and will also keep your code from getting too complex and unmanageable. If your code gets too hard to follow, you could end up having to start all over from the beginning. Your prototype will change often during the development cycle as you come up with new ways to tackle problems or think of an idea later that you want to incorporate. If you're making a game, your prototype should be fun! If the prototype isn't fun, then chances are the full game won't be fun either. If your desired mechanics just aren't working in the prototype, then it may be time to go back to the drawing board. If you are developing your program on your own, you can use a prototype to help build a team. A team will help you track down bugs faster, iterate features, and design the visual aspects of the program. A team is definitely not necessary for small projects, but will cut down development time significantly. Running a team is a complex and difficult process, and requires good management skills along with a good structure for the team. See this guide for more details on leading a group. Once you're familiar with your language, you may be able to get prototypes up and running in just a few days. Because of their quick nature, don't be afraid to scrap your idea and start over from a different angle if you're not happy with how it's turning out. It's much easier to make major changes at this stage than it is later on when the features start falling into place. Use the comment syntax in your programming language to leave notes on all but the most basic lines of code. This will help you remember what you were doing if you have to put the project down for awhile, and will help other developers understand your code. This is especially essential if you are working as part of a programming team. You can use comments to temporarily disable parts of your code during testing. Simply enclose the code you want to disable in comment syntax and it won't be compiled. You can then delete the comment syntax and the code will be restored.", "In the beta phase, the program is made available to a much larger group of testers. Some developers make the beta phase public, which is referred to as an open beta. This allows anyone to sign up and participate in testing the product. Depending on the needs of your product, you may or may not want to do an open beta. As programs become more and more interconnected, there's a good chance that your program will rely on connections to other products or connections to servers. Beta testing allows you to ensure that these connections work under a larger load, which will ensure that your program is usable by the public when it releases. In the beta phase, no more features are being added, so focus can be turned to improving the program's aesthetics and usability. In this phase, UI design becomes a priority, ensuring that the users will have no difficulty navigating the program and taking advantage of the features. UI design and functionality can be very difficult and complex. People make whole careers out of designing UIs. Just make sure that your personal project is easy to use and easy on the eyes. A professional UI may not be possible without a budget and a team. If you have the budget, there are lots of freelance graphics designers who could potentially design a UI on contract for you. If you have a solid project that you're hoping will become the next big thing, find a good UI designer and make them part of your team. Throughout the beta phase, you should still be cataloging and prioritizing bug reports from your user base. Since more testers will have access to the product, chances are new bugs will be discovered. Eliminate bugs based on their priority, keeping your final deadlines in mind.", "Almost all programs are written in text editors and then compiled to run on computers. While you can use programs like Notepad or TextEdit, it is highly recommended that you download a syntax-highlighting editor such as Notepad++ JEdit, or Sublime Text. This will make your code much easier to visually parse. Some languages such as Visual Basic include an editor and compiler in one package. All programs are created through coding. If you want to create your own programs, you will need to be familiar with at least one programming language. The languages you will need to learn will vary depending on the type of program you want to create. Some of the more useful and important ones include: C - C is a low-level language that interacts very closely with the computer's hardware. It is one of the older programming languages that still sees widespread use. C++ - The biggest drawback of C is that it is not object-oriented. This is where C++ comes in. C++ is currently the most popular programming language in the world. Programs such as Chrome, Firefox, Photoshop, and many others are all built with C++. It is also a very popular language for creating video games. Java - Java is an evolution of the C++ language, and is extremely portable. Most computers, regardless of operating system, can run a Java Virtual Machine, allowing the program to be used nearly universally. It is widely used in video games and business software, and is often recommended as an essential language. C# - C# is a Windows-based language and is one of the main languages used when creating Windows programs. It is closely related to Java and C++, and should be easy to learn if you're already familiar with Java. If you want to make a Windows or Windows Phone program, you'll want to take a look at this language. Objective-C - This is another cousin of the C language that is specifically designed for Apple systems. If you want to make iPhone or iPad apps, this is the language for you. For any high-level language such as C++, Java, and many others, you will need a compiler to convert your code into a format that the computer can use. There are a variety of compilers to choose from depending on the language you are using. Some languages are interpreted languages, which means they don't need a compiler. Instead, they only need the language interpreter installed on the computer, and the programs can run instantly. Some examples of interpreted languages include Perl and Python. No matter which language you pick, you'll likely need to understand some basic common concepts. Knowing how to handle the syntax of the language will allow you to create much more powerful programs. Common concepts include: Declaring variables - Variables are the way your data is temporarily stored in your program. This data can then be stored, modified, manipulated, and called upon later in the program. Using conditional statements (if, else, when, etc.) - These are one of the basic functions of programs, and dictate how the logic works. Conditional statements revolve around \"true\" and \"false\" statements. Using loops (for, goto, do, etc.) - Loops allow you to repeat processes over and over until a command is given to stop. Using escape sequences - These commands perform functions such as create new lines, indents, quotes, and more. Commenting on code - Comments are essential for remembering what your code does, helping other programmers understand your code, and for temporarily disabling parts of code. Understand regular expressions. There are books for every language and for every level of expertise. You can find programming books at your local bookstore or any online retailer. A book can be an invaluable tool as you can keep it close at hand while you're working. Beyond books, the internet is an endless treasure-trove of guides and tutorials. Search for guides on the language of your choice on sites such as Codecademy, Code.org, Bento, Udacity, Udemy, Khan Academy, W3Schools, and many more. Anyone can teach themselves to make a program if they put their mind to it, but sometimes having a teacher and a classroom environment can be really beneficial. One-on-one time with an expert can greatly decrease the time it takes you to grasp programming fundamentals and concepts. Classes are also a good place to learn advanced math and logic that will be required for more complex programs. Classes cost money, so make sure that you are signing up for classes that will help you learn what you want to know. The internet is a fantastic way to connect with other developers. If you find yourself stumped on one of your projects, ask for help on sites such as StackOverflow. Make sure that you ask in an intelligent manner and can prove that you have already tried several possible solutions.", "If you want to get users, you'll want to make sure that they know your program exists. Just like any product, you'll need to do a bit of advertising in order to make people aware. The extent and depth of your marketing campaign will be dictated by your program's function as well as your available budget. Some easy ways to raise awareness of you program include: Posting about your program on related message boards. Make sure that you follow the posting rules of whichever forum you choose so that your posts don't get marked as spam. Send out press releases to tech sites. Find some tech blogs and sites that fit your program's genre. Send the editors a press release detailing your program and what it does. Include a few screenshots. Make some YouTube videos. If your program is designed to complete a specific task, make some YouTube videos showing your program in action. Structure them as \"How-To\" videos. Create social media pages. You can create free Facebook and Google+ pages for your program, and can use Twitter for both company and program-specific news. For small programs, you can most likely host the file on your own website. You may want to include a payment system if you are going to be charging for your software. If your program becomes very popular, you may need to host the file on a server that can handle more downloads. Once your program is released in the wild, you will invariably have users with technical problems or who don't understand how the program works. Your website should have thorough documentation available, as well as some sort of support service. This can include a technical support forum, a support email, live help, or any combination of those. What you can provide will be dependent on your available budget. Almost all programs these days are patched and updated long after their initial release. These patches may fix critical or non-critical bugs, update security protocols, improve stability, or even add functionality or redo the aesthetics. Keeping your program updated will help keep in competitive.", ". A good program will perform a task that makes life easier for the user. Look at the software that is currently available for the task you want to perform, and see if there are ways that the process could be easier or smoother. A successful program is one that users will find a lot of utility in. Examine your daily tasks on your computer. Is there some way that you could automate a portion of those tasks with a program? Write down every idea. Even if it seems silly or outlandish at the time, it could change into something useful or even brilliant. What do they do? How could they do it better? What are they missing? Answering these questions can help you come up with ideas for your own take on it. This document will outline the features and what you intend to achieve with the project. Referring to the design document during the development process will help keep your project on track and focused. See this guide for details on writing the document. Writing the design document will also help you decide which programming language will work best for your project. When you are just getting started with computer programming, it will behoove you to start small and grow over time. You will learn a lot more if you set tangible goals that you can reach with a basic program. For example," ], "summary": [ "Gather a testing team. Test your prototype over and over. Address bugs in order of priority. Add more features. Test each feature as you add it. Lock your features when the alpha is finished.", "Start writing a basic program with your core functionality. Assemble a team. Start over from scratch if necessary. Comment on everything.", "Increase your testing group size. Test connectivity. Polish your software. Continue bug hunting.", "Download a good text editor. Learn a programming language. Download the compiler or interpreter. Learn basic programming concepts. Find some books on the language of your choice. Take some classes. Ask questions.", "Market your program. Host your program on your website. Set up a support service. Keep your product up to date.", "Brainstorm ideas Examine other programs. Write a design document. Start simple." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Playing the Basic Version of the Game", "Playing the Drinking Game" ], "document": [ "At least five people are usually needed to play the game. You can use less than five, but it’s usually not as much fun! You should sit in a circle so you can see everyone’s hands. You can rest your hands on the floor or hold your hands up. Either way, everyone starts with 10 chances. You can have someone volunteer to go first, or play rock, paper, scissors to decide. The first player says “Never have I ever....” and then announces something outrageous they haven’t done. It's best if the player thinks it's likely something other people have done. For example, you can say something like \"Never have I ever been to Europe,\" \"Never have I ever been arrested,\" or \"Never have I ever had detention.\" The players who also haven’t done it should keep all of their fingers up. Move clockwise through the circle, with the person on the first player's left taking the next turn. The next player comes up with a new thing they’ve never done. The players who have done it put a finger down, the players that haven’t keep their fingers up. The last person who has fingers up wins the game. You can repeat the game as many times as you like.", "Since there’s drinking involved in this version of the game, all of the players need to be of legal drinking age. You can have as many players as you want, but if you have more than 10, break the large group into multiple groups of fewer players. It’s up to each individual player what they want to drink. But to make the game more fair, everyone should have about the same amount in their cups. You can play with beer, wine, or mixed drinks. You can also play the drinking version of the game using shots of alcohol. Every time someone has done the thing the player says, they have to take a shot. You’ll have to refill the shots as you go. Someone can volunteer to go first, or you can choose someone playing rock, paper, scissors. In the drinking version of the game, the things players say tend to be a little more risqué. The first player says “Never have I ever...” and then follows it with something they’ve never done. Try coming up with things you’ve never done, but that you know other people playing have. This ensures you don’t have to drink but they do, and can get players out of the game quicker. If you’ve done what the first player has said they haven’t, you have to take a drink of your drink. To make it fair, you can time it so all the players have to drink for the same amount of time. About 3 seconds is usually enough time. The next player - the player to the immediate left of the first player - takes their turn. They say something they’ve never done, using the “Never have I ever...” construction. The players who have done that thing drink, the ones who have not don’t drink. If the player can’t get anyone to drink – meaning the player is the only person who’s done the thing they said – the player has to drink. The game ends when only person has any of their drink left. That person wins the game. You can repeat the game as many times as you like." ], "summary": [ "Gather at least five players in a circle. Each player holds 10 fingers in front of them. The first player announces something they’ve never done. Put one finger down if you’ve done what the first player said. Move to the next player in the circle. The person with fingers remaining up wins.", "Gather at least five players. Make sure everyone has the same amount to drink. Have the first player announce something they’ve never done. Have the players who have done what the first player said drink. Move to the next player. Have the first player drink if nobody else does. Repeat until only one person has alcohol left in their cup." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Choosing Your Materials", "Creating the Template", "Assembling Your Model", "Creating the Base and Sides" ], "document": [ "This is one of the more advanced materials because it requires a lot of cutting and precision. You will need to work with thin strips of balsa wood as well as coffee stirrers (not craft sticks), and tooth picks. You will also need to know how to bend balsa wood into curves. To curve balsa wood: soak it in hot water for 1 hour, then bend it to your desired shape. Hold it in place with tape or string until it dries before using it. Use thick noodles for the frame, and thin noodles for the details, such as railings and lattices. If you need to make a curved piece, cook the noodle long enough for it to become flexible, curve it into your desired shape, then let it dry. Choose a thin cardboard, such as illustration board or Bristol board. You will also need a sharp craft blade to cut it, and a cutting mat to work on. Transfer your template to the cardboard directly and skip the plastic cover. Do not use thin cardboard that is only white on the outside and brown on the inside. Have several craft blades handy. You will need to change them out as they will dull quickly. Dull craft blades won't make nice cuts. This is best for models that are smaller than a standard sheet of printer paper, about 11 inches (28 cm) tall. Do not use hot glue on anything larger than that, it may collapse. If you want to make a larger model, try any of the other materials listed above.", "The drawing needs to be of the Eiffel tower from the side and straight-on. The lines must also be sharp and clear. Do not use a blurry or low-quality drawing. Do not use photographs; the trees, people, and buildings will get in in the way. Do not use a drawing that includes more than 1 side of the Eiffel tower. You will make each side 4 times, then glue it together to make a 3D tower. The drawing will be your final template, so make sure that it is the size you want your tower to be. If you found your drawing in a book, you may be able to enlarge it using a photocopier. If you found your drawing online, then use an image editing program, such as Photoshop or Paint, to make the drawing bigger. Photoshop, or a similar program, will be your best choice for enlarging the image because you can set the size to inches or centimeters. If you are good at drawing, you can trace the drawing using tracing paper and a pen or pencil. If you found the drawing in a book, then you should photocopy it. If you found the drawing online, print it out instead. If you are printing a large image, be aware that you may need to print it out on multiple pages. Tape or glue multiple pages together to create a single image. Make sure that the lines flow smoothly into one another. Do not overlap the lines or leave gaps between them. Place your drawing on a table, and tape down the bottom corners. If your drawing is on a single sheet of paper, tape down the top corners as well. If your drawing is on multiple sheets of paper, leave the top corners alone. If your drawing spans multiple pages, you will need to shift these pages down and re-tape them as you move from section to section. This will allow you to glue your pieces to the template, then peel them off. A page protector or clear page (like the kind you'd use in an overhead projector) will work the best. Place the plastic over the base of your drawing, and secure the edges to your table with tape so that it does not slide around. You can use wax paper, parchment paper, or even freezer paper, as long as the drawing is dark enough. You must be able to see the lines clearly.", "Draw a line of glue along the inside edge of your first base piece. Place the next piece against it to form a right angle. Glue the final 2 pieces to complete the square. Make sure that the top and bottom edges are aligned. Use hot glue or super glue for paper, wood, and pasta models. Tacky glue will work, but you'll need to hold the pieces until they dry. Use hot glue for hot glue models. Work 1 side at a time, or the glue will set too fast. If you need to, use cans, bottles, and blocks to support the pieces as they dry. If you a hot glue model that is all 1 piece, skip this step. If you made platforms and railings, glue them down to the top of the base and middle sections first. Let them dry, then stack and glue all 3 sections together. Skip this step if your model is all 1 piece. If you made additional pieces, such as railings, you should glue these on as well. Make sure that you align the railings with their designated places on your template. The bottom edge of each railing should align with the side edges of each side piece. Use a fast-setting glue for this, such as super glue or hot glue. A thick glue, such as tacky glue will also work, but you will need to hold the piece until the glue dries. Glue the walls for the roof together to make a square first. Next, glue the top of the roof to make a pyramid. Glue the pyramid to the walls. Let it dry completely, then glue the entire piece to the top of your tower. If you made a tower out of hot glue, you can make a small, triangular mount using hot glue, then glue it to the top of your tower. Use a toothpick for wood or cardboard models, and a thin noodle for pasta models. Glue the spire to the top of your model with a thick or fast-setting glue. Super glue, tacky glue, and hot glue are great options. You may have to hold the spire for a few moments as the glue sets. If you made a hot glue model: draw a thin line of hot glue on a piece of plastic, parchment paper, or wax paper. Let it harden, then peel it off. Glue it to the top of your tower.", "The Eiffel tower has 3 distinct sections: a base, middle, and top. These sections are divided by 2 horizontal railings. Of these sections, the top is the tallest, and includes a small roof. Pay attention to these sections, as you will be working on them individually. Cut your desired material down for the angled sides of the base. Place a drop of white glue on the top and bottom of each piece, then set it down on the template. Make sure that pieces line up with the lines on the template. If you are making a cardboard model, cut out the entire base shape first. This includes the top, bottom, and side edges, as well as the arch. If you are making a model out of hot glue, trace the entire outline of your tower with hot glue, then let it set. Cut and glue each piece 1 at a time, otherwise the pieces will get mixed up. Do the horizontal lines first, then the vertical ones. Finish off with the crisscrossing lines. Use the glue sparingly: a single drop at each end of your stick/noodle will be plenty. Do not overlap the crisscrossing pieces or you will get too much bulk. Cut and glue the bars separately. If you are making a cardboard model, start off with the larger spaces, then move on to the small ones between the crisscrosses. If you are using hot glue, follow the same process: horizontal lines first, then the crisscrossing lines. You can overlap the crisscrossing lines, however. How long this takes depends on the type of glue that you are using. If you are worried about the glue not being strong enough, you can reinforce all of the joints with a single drop of glue. Skip this step if you are making a cardboard model. It might be a good idea to switch to a new blade if the old one is no longer giving you clean cuts. This step should only take a couple of minutes for hot glue at the most. Use a thin, metal spatula or a ruler to separate the piece from the plastic covering the template. If you notice any glue stuck to the plastic, scrape it off with your fingernail. If you made a cardboard model, simply pick the piece up and set it aside. Create another template on another piece or section of cardboard. If you made a hot glue model, peel the glue off with your fingernail. Cut or pull off any threads left by the hot glue. You will need 4 identical pieces for the base. If you are making a cardboard model, you will need to create a new tracing each time. If you are making a stick, pasta, or hot glue model, you can simply work on top of the old template. You will need 4 pieces for the middle section, and 4 pieces for the top section. If you are using a craft blade, be sure to switch it out for a fresh one whenever the old one starts to create ragged cuts. Skip this step if you made the entire model on a single sheet of paper. This includes hot glue models. Whether or not you do this depends on how detailed you want your Eiffel tower to be. Use the same method as you did when creating the sides of the tower: start with the outline, then fill it in with vertical or crisscrossing lines. When making the roof, create each of the 4 walls and 4 roof triangles separately." ], "summary": [ "Use wood if you want to make a traditional model. Try dried pasta and spaghetti as an alternative to wood. Use thin cardboard if you don't want to use wood or pasta. Try hot glue if you are making a small model.", "Find a line drawing of the Eiffel tower. Enlarge the drawing, if necessary. Trace, photocopy, or print the drawing. Tape your drawing to a flat work surface. Cover your template with a piece of clear plastic.", "Glue the base pieces together to form a square. Repeat the process for the middle and top sections. Stack and glue the 3 sections together. Glue on any additional railings. Assemble the roof, if you made it. Add the spire to the top.", "Note the bottom, middle, and top sections. Glue the pieces to make the base's frame. Glue the pieces for the horizontal, vertical, and crisscrossing lines. Let the glue dry and turn clear. Slide the finished piece off of the template. Repeat the process 3 more times. Repeat the process to make the 4 remaining sections. Create additional pieces, such as the roof and railings, if desired." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "OS X 10.6 or Earlier", "OS X 10.7 or Later" ], "document": [ ". Wiping your Mac will erase everything, including your operating system, so keeping a backup on an external hard drive or DVD is a good idea. Insert the installation DVD or CD that came with your computer into the computer's disc drive and wait for the computer to recognize the disc. If you are using a USB drive instead of an installation disc, insert the USB drive. It's the black apple icon in the upper-left corner of the screen. It's near the bottom of the menu. This immediately shuts down and reboots your Mac. Wait for your Mac to shut down. If you are using a USB drive instead of an installation disc, hold down ⌥ Option instead. It's located in the \"Utilities\" section of the Installation menu. It's in the upper-left of the window, under \"Internal.\" It's at the top of the page. Type it in the \"Name:\" field. \" drop-down menu. If you plan to reinstall OS X, select: Mac OS X Extended (Journaled). It's in the lower-right corner of the dialog box. The wipe process will begin. The time to erase your disk will vary based on disk size and the amount of data that was stored on your hard drive.", ". Wiping your Mac will erase everything, including your operating system, so keeping a backup on an external hard drive or DVD is a good idea. It's the black apple icon in the upper-left corner of the screen. It's near the bottom of the menu. This immediately shuts down and reboots your Mac. Wait for your Mac to shut down. The \"macOS Utilities\" window will appear. It's at the bottom of the list. It's in the lower-right corner of the window. It's in the upper-left of the window, under \"Internal.\" It's a button at the top-center of the window. Type it in the \"Name:\" field. \" drop-down menu. To reinstall a MacOS system, select: Mac OS Extended (Journaled) for the fastest wipe. Mac OS Extended (Journaled, Encrypted) to encrypt the disk after wiping. It's in the lower-right corner of the dialog box. The wipe process will begin. The time to erase your disk will vary based on disk size, the amount of data stored, and whether your chose an encrypted format." ], "summary": [ "Back up any data you want to save Insert your installation disc. Open the Apple menu. Click on Restart…. Click Restart to confirm. Press and hold C as the Mac restarts. Open Disk Utility. Click on your Mac's hard drive. Click the Erase tab. Name your disk. Click on the \"Format: Select a format. Click on Erase.", "Back up any data you want to save Open the Apple menu. Click on Restart…. Click Restart to confirm. Press and hold ⌘+R as the Mac restarts. Release the keys when you see the Apple logo. Click on Disk Utility. Click on Continue. Click on your Mac's hard drive. Click on Erase. Name your disk. Click on the \"Format: Select a format. Click on Erase." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Making the Base", "Making the Post" ], "document": [ "Use plywood, particle board, or MDF to create a base for the scratching post. Buy a piece that’s 2 ft by 4 ft by ½ in (.61 m by 1.2 m by 1.27 cm) or cut it to the correct measurements using a table saw. Exercise caution when cutting to ensure no one gets hurt. Try to pick a natural, non-treated wood. Avoid wood treated with chemicals, as these may be harmful to cats. Your carpet should be at least 3 ft (.92 m) by 5 ft (1.5 m) to ensure you have enough to wrap around the base and staple it tightly. Use an X-acto knife and a ruler to ensure you have a neat, straight line. Choose a stiff carpet, such as Berber, for a longer lasting post. Flip the carpet upside down and lay the base in the middle of the carpet. Draw a line straight out from each side of the base to the end of the carpet so you have squares extending from the corners. Draw a straight line ¾ in (1.9 cm) from the corner of the base that intersects the squares you made. Cut across the straight line first, then cut along the lines you made extending from the corners. Staple the carpet to the bottom of the base on one side, putting staples in every 2 in (5 cm) using a ½ inch (1.3 cm) crown stapler. Pull the carpet tight and staple it on the bottom of the opposite side, putting staples in every 2 in (5 cm). Repeat on the remaining two sides, making sure to staple all the way to edge so your corners are flush.", "Purchase a 4 in by 4 in (10 cm by 10 cm) piece of wood from the hardware store. Alternatively, nail two 2 in by 4 in (5 cm by 10 cm) pieces of wood together, making sure they line up evenly and no nails are exposed that could injure your cat. Again, go for a non-treated wood for safety reasons. Put the base upside down (carpeted side facing the post) on top of the post. Ensure it is centered and screw the post into the base using 2 in (5 cm) wood screws. Then, flip the base around so it is on the ground, with the post on top. The length of the post is up to you, just make sure it is long enough for your cat to stretch on. If you’re not sure how long to make it, measure your cat from nose to end of tail, then add a few in/cm. Get a 4 in by 4 in (10 cm by 10 cm) beveled wood square from the hardware store for a neat post topper. Use wood glue to attach the topper to the post. Alternatively, you can cover the top in carpet and staple it down. Put two staples on each side of the post, rather than on the top. It needs to be at least 20 in (51 cm) wide in order to wrap around the post, and the exact height of the post. Use an X-acto knife and a ruler to ensure you have a neat, straight line. Start at a corner and staple the carpet in place every 1 in (2.5 cm) vertically. Wrap the carpet completely around the post and staple it in place every 1 in (2.5 cm) along the vertical seam. Cut off any excess, and ensure you have a smooth seam so your cat’s claws don’t snag on the fabric. Alternatively, you can wrap the post in sisal rope rather than carpet. Cover your post in non-toxic glue to ensure the rope won’t unravel. Wind the rope around the bottom of the post and staple it in place. Continue winding the rope all the way to the top of the post, making sure your rows are neat, straight, and very close together. Add staples if the glue doesn’t seem to be holding the rope well enough. Use a hammer to flatten the staples down. A staple gun does not always create a flush staple, and you want to ensure your cat’s claws don’t get hung up or ripped out due to a staple sticking out of the post." ], "summary": [ "Cut or buy the base wood. Cut the base carpet to size. Cut notches for the corners. Cover the base in carpet.", "Choose the post. Attach the post to the base. Cover the top of the post. Cut the post carpet to size. Wrap carpet around the post. Use rope as an alternative to carpet. Flatten the hardware." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Filling Acrylic Nails", "Filling Gel Nails", "Preparing Your Nails" ], "document": [ "It can take for 5 to 20 minutes for your nails to dry completely. Avoid smudging your nails while they're drying.", "Place your nails under a UV light for 1 minute to cure the primer. Since a UV light is the only way to truly cure the gel polish, you'll need to simply let the nails dry if you don't have the light. Let the nails dry for 25 to 30 minutes before applying another coat. If you like, you can finish with a top coat to protect the gel nails.", "Because the natural nails underneath your acrylic nails will continue to grow, a gap between your cuticle and acrylic nail will begin to show within 2 or 3 weeks. You'll need to fill your nails more frequently if they grow out faster." ], "summary": [ "Let your filled nails air dry.", "Cure your fingernails for 1 minute under a UV light. Dry the nails completely under UV light for 3 minutes between coats.", "Fill your nails every 2 to 3 weeks." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Choosing Chords and Melodies", "Writing Lyrics for Your Song", "Sharing Your Song" ], "document": [ "Choose a set of at least 4 chords to use in your love song. During each section of your song, play through the 4 chords in a different pattern. Make sure your chords aren’t in minor since it will make your love song sound sad. For example, you may play C-F-G-F during your verse, but in your chorus, you may switch to A-F-C-G. Try using the E-flat Major, A Major, or B-flat Major for your love song since they have many cheerful notes. If you don’t play an instrument, ask a friend or partner to help you bring your song to life. If you want to add extra pitches and melodies to your instrumental, try playing notes in the chord or key you’re using in a different rhythm. Try out a few different note patterns to see what fits best with the song and how it sounds with the chords you’re playing. This is done easily on a piano, but may be more difficult to play on a guitar or other stringed instrument. Look at the notes you’re playing during your chord in the section of the song you’re trying to sing. Match the tone of your voice to one of the notes you’re playing so your singing is in tune with the instrumental you’re writing. As you work through your song, change the pitch of your voice to keep your lyrics from sounding monotonous. Work your voice up to the note you’re trying to hit. Play the note you want to include in your melody and warm up your voice by starting on a low note. Continue to raise the pitch of your voice until you reach the pitch you want. If you keep the same vocal pattern throughout your whole song, it might sound boring. Hold different syllables in your lyrics for longer and shorter amounts of time to add different rhythms to your song. Follow the same rhythm patterns in each of your verses so anyone listening can easily differentiate the parts of the song.", "Many songs, especially love songs follow a very similar pattern, containing 2-3 verses, 2-3 choruses, and a bridge. On a piece of paper, write the following structure for a basic love song: Verse 1 - Chorus - Verse 2 - Chorus - Bridge - Verse 3 - Chorus. Leave room between your headings to write your lyrics on your paper. Verses usually consist of 4-6 long lines, or 8-10 short lines. Choruses are usually about 4-6 lines long. The bridge of a song is usually a 2 line section between the second chorus and the third verse or chorus. Think about the person you’re writing the song for and make a list of some of the things you really love about them. Then, pick one of their characteristics that you want to expand on in your song and use it to influence your title. Keep your title between 1-4 words to keep it simple. For example, if you want to write a song about how your loved one is a happy presence in your life, you may title the song “Joy” or “Happiness.” Whatever you choose for your title, make sure the rest of your lyrics match the theme. Since your chorus is the most repeated section of your song, try to write it before any other part of your song. Use simple words so your song is catchy and easy to sing along with. In your chorus, try to repeat the title of your song 2-3 times so your loved one will get the song stuck in their head. Plan out 4 lines using similes or metaphors to create imagery. For example, if you want to write a song called “Joy,” you may use a chorus like: Your joy is a wave spreading over me, And reaching out to the end of the sea, Your joy makes me feel at home, Because with you I’m never alone You may either make the first two lines one rhyme and the last 2 lines a different rhyme, or you can alternate so line 1 rhymes with line 3, and line 2 rhymes with line 4. Verses are what tell the story throughout your song, so you can use them to expand on how you feel about your loved one. Use an A-B-A-B rhyme scheme so alternating lines end in the same sound. Pick a focus for each verse so you’re not repeating the same thing throughout the song. For example, you may have the first verse talk about the past with your loved one while the second verse talks about the present or future. Try to include similes or metaphors that aren’t cliche to express how your loved one makes you feel. You don’t need to include a third verse in your song if you don’t want to. Your bridge gives the person listening to your song a break from the pattern of the chorus and verses. Continue talking about your theme during the bridge in a way you haven’t touched on yet. If you’re going from your bridge right into your chorus, end it with a line that flows well into the chorus. For example, you may sing, “And when I’m with you, I feel…” to transition into the chorus, “Your joy…” If you want a longer bridge, repeat the 2 lines you’ve written.", "Before you settle on the song you’ve written, show a friend or someone else close to you to see what they think of it. Ask for any specific parts they liked or disliked or any lyrics that should be changed. Stay open to the criticism so you can present the best song to your loved one. Only make the changes that you feel are necessary. If your friend makes a suggestion but it goes against what your heart is telling you, then don’t follow the advice. Set up a microphone so you can easily play your song at a computer. Use the microphone to record the instrumentals first, and then record the vocals. Once the song is finished, you can adjust different volumes and export the audio to share online. Don’t record your instrument and vocals at the same time since it will be harder to make adjustments. Use free programs like Audacity or Garageband for Mac to help record your song. Try to find an opportunity to play your song for the person you wrote it for. Try looking for open mic nights at local cafes if you want to play it publicly, or just sit down at home and play it for them if you want a more personal moment. Make sure to practice your song before playing in front of other people since you may feel a little nervous." ], "summary": [ "Pick chords on a major key to make your song sound happy. Play extra notes over the chords to add more interest to your song. Use notes from the chords for your vocal melody. Pick different rhythms for your vocal performance to keep your song interesting.", "Outline the verses, choruses, and bridge to your song. Pick a title for your song based on your loved one’s characteristics. Figure out the lyrics of your chorus first. Choose an alternating rhyme scheme for your verses. Make the lines in your bridge rhyme with one another.", "Show your song to another person to get their feedback. Record your song on a computer if you have recording software. Perform your song live for your loved one if you can." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Using the Epipen", "Taking Care Of An Epipen", "Identifying The Symptoms Of Anaphylaxis" ], "document": [ "Do not put any part of your hand over either end to avoid an accidental trigger. An EpiPen is a single-use device; once it is triggered it cannot be re-used. Avoid placing your finger over either end to avoid accidentally triggering the device. Pull off the blue activation cap (opposite end from the orange tip that holds the needle). Place the orange tip against the thigh and push firmly. There should be a click once the needle has entered the thigh. Hold for several seconds. Do not inject in any other place than the thigh. Accidental intravenous injections of adrenaline can lead to death. Remove the unit and massage the injection area for 10 seconds. Check the tip. The orange needle cover should automatically cover the injection needle once the EpiPen is removed from the thigh. When you give a person an EpiPen, it may cause them to feel panicked or paranoid, and can also cause their body to shake uncontrollably. This is NOT a seizure. The shaking will subside over the next few minutes or hours. Don't freak out; just try to be calm and reassuring. Your calm will help to settle the person. 20% of acute anaphylaxis episodes are quickly followed by another crisis, called biphasic anaphylaxis. Once you have administered or received the EpiPen, you should be seen by a doctor without delay. The second episode might be mild or severe. If not treated, it can lead to a fatality. The second crisis happens when patients seem to have recovered. It’s important to go to the hospital even if you feel fine.", "The carrier tube will protect the EpiPen so that it can safely be used when needed. Keep the safety release on until you need to use the EpiPen. Most EpiPens have a \"window\" that allows you to see through the packaging to the medicine inside. The medicine should be completely clear. If it looks cloudy or otherwise discolored, then that EpiPen has lost potency due to exposure to extreme temperatures.This can occur anytime before the expiration date. Depending on the temperature exposure and duration it may have lost significant or all of its potency. You can use it in an absolute emergency, but you should replace it as soon as possible. Your EpiPen can be kept in temperatures between 59° to 86°F (15° to 30°C). It should generally be stored at room temperature. Do not refrigerate it. Do not expose to extreme cold or heat. The EpiPen has a limited life and should be replaced when the date is approaching. An expired EpiPen might not be able to save the life of a patient experiencing anaphylaxis. If you don’t have anything else at hand, use the expired EpiPen. Degraded epinephrine loses potency but does not transform into a harmful compound. It’s always better than nothing. Once an EpiPen has been used, it should be discarded safely. To do so, bring it to the pharmacy.", ". Anaphylaxis can occur when a person is accidentally exposed to a known allergen, but it also can occur when a person is exposed to an allergen for the first time. It is also possible to become sensitized to an allergen, that is, to develop allergies to things that previously did not cause a reaction. In some cases the reaction can be so severe it can be life threatening. Look for the following symptoms: Flushing of the skin Rash on the body Swelling of the throat and mouth Difficulty swallowing and speaking Severe asthma Abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting Drop in blood pressure Collapse and unconsciousness Confusion, dizziness or an \"impending sense of doom\" Anaphylaxis is considered a 'treat first' emergency. If the person knows they need an injection and can inject themselves, ensure they do so before calling emergency services. If they need you to inject them, the instructions for the EpiPen are printed on the side of the device. . Even if the person feels fine after injecting epinephrine/adrenaline, it's still imperative to have professional help as soon as possible. The EpiPen will only last for as long as it takes emergency services to reach you. Always have your country's emergency number on your phone. In the U.S. and Canada, the emergency number is 911. In the UK, 999 is the main emergency number. In Australia, dial Triple Zero (000). Tell the operator your location before anything else, so help can be sent immediately. Describe the condition and the emergency to the operator. If you suspect a case of anaphylaxis in someone else, look for a necklace or bracelet. People suffering from severe allergies usually carry those in case of an accident. These necklaces and bracelets detail the condition and give additional information on health. They usually bear a Red Cross sign or other easily recognizable visual clues. If you suffer from severe allergies, always carry the instructions with the EpiPen. That way, if you are incapacitated and someone else has to administer it, they'll know what to do. Don’t give the EpiPen to someone suffering from a heart condition unless they have their own based on a doctor's prescription." ], "summary": [ "Hold the EpiPen firmly with your fist in the middle. Inject into the mid-outer-thigh. Remove the EpiPen. Prepare for possible side effects. Get to the emergency room immediately.", "Keep the EpiPen in its case until it is needed. Look through the viewing window. Store your EpiPen in the right temperature. Check the expiration date.", "Identify the symptoms Ask the person if they need help to use their EpiPen. Call emergency services Check for a medical ID necklace or bracelet." ] }

{ "section_name": [], "document": [], "summary": [] }

{ "section_name": [ "Repeating a Song", "Using the Quick Access Menu" ], "document": [ "If you have a passcode enabled, this will prompt you to enter your passcode; otherwise, this will take you to the Home screen. This will open your Music app to the last song, playlist, album, or similar item that you had open. This will open your music library. This will begin to play your selected song. You should see a bar pop up at the bottom of your Music app with the song's name and pause button. This will open your song's specific menu; if your song's menu is already open (e.g., displaying artwork in the middle of the page), proceed to the next step. This will scroll down the page; you should see an option entitled \"Up Next\" with two buttons next to it. This is the option with two arrows pointing in opposite directions; when you tap it, it should become highlighted in red, meaning that your playlist will repeat without ending. You can also enable \"Shuffle\" from here by tapping the button with two intertwined arrows. This will place a small number \"1\" in the top right corner of the Repeat button icon; your individual song will now repeat until you disable this option! Tapping the \"previous song\" or \"next song\" buttons while on repeat will now change the song that's playing, regardless of the repeat function.", "This will open the Quick Access menu, which can be used to play music. If you have the Music app open and a song or playlist paused, the Quick Access menu's music page will display that song's information and your listening progress. This will take you to the dedicated music page of the Quick Access menu. This will begin playing a song from your Music app. This will be in the top left corner of the Quick Access music page; tapping it will take you to the song's specific information inside of the Music app. If you don't have any artwork for the song in question, tap the grey square in its place. You can do this from your lock screen, but if you have a passcode, you'll need to enter it in order to access the music app. This will scroll down to the \"Up Next\" bar. This will be next to the \"Up Next\" text; tapping the repeat button will repeat your \"Up Next\" playlist. This will repeat the current song until you disable the repeat feature. You should see a little \"1\" in the top right corner of the Repeat icon." ], "summary": [ "Tap your Home button. Tap the \"Music\" app. Tap the \"Library\" tab in the lower left corner of your screen. Tap a song. Tap the song's play bar at the bottom of the screen. Swipe up on the song page. Tap the \"Repeat\" button. Tap the Repeat button again.", "Swipe up from the bottom of your screen. Swipe left on the Quick Access menu. Tap the \"Play\" button. Tap the song's artwork icon. Swipe up on the song page. Tap the \"Repeat\" button. Tap the \"Repeat\" button again." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Removing a Retaining Collar", "Using Duct Tape" ], "document": [ "Let the bulb cool to room temperature before you handle it. Many recessed fixtures hold the bulb in with a metal collar. These are often removable, but follow the instructions below to avoid damaging your ceiling. This is not necessarily the large ring that holds in the entire fixture, although it can be. Look closely for a second ring flush against the light bulb. If someone has painted over the ring, it may rip away pieces of drywall when you unscrew it. To avoid this, cut the paint around the ring with a utility knife, working it against the collar. Now try the steps below until you find one that works for your model. If you're lucky, your collar is simply held in place by a couple of screws. Some models have a small metal button, which you push or slide sideways to free the fixture. Some models can be twisted or pulled out by hand. Use light pressure only, unless you have confirmed this is the intended approach with a manual or the manufacturer. Here are two examples of light fixtures you can remove this way: Modern recessed halogen lights often have a plastic collar with three tabs. Press your fingers against these tabs and rotate counterclockwise. Once you have access to the bulb, grip the base and the wire and wiggle them apart. Some recessed LED light fixtures can be pulled directly out of the ceiling. Watch your fingers, as a sharp metal clip will pop downward from the edge as the fixture emerges. You can then unclip the bulb from the wire. Some older halogen fixtures use a small, toothed, metal ring with no special fastener. Carefully insert a flathead screwdriver in between the ring and the light bulb, and pry outward. There is a gap in the ring, so you can flex it outward and carefully pull it down with your fingers. Grip the base of the bulb and gently wiggle the two prongs out of the socket to remove it. Take care not to chip the glass with the screwdriver. If there is no obvious fastener for the ring, but it refuses to twist out, it may be jammed. Try gently pushing up on the light bulb with a couple fingers from each hand. If the bulb recesses further into the ceiling, press your fingers outward against opposite sides of the ring. Try to rotate the ring while pressing to improve your grip. If this still doesn't work, and your model has three small tabs on the plastic collar, grip one of the tabs with a pair of pliers. Push with the pliers as you push another tab by hand.", "If the light was recently on, wait until it is cool to the touch. This shouldn't take more than five minutes for a normal light bulb. Halogen lights may take twenty minutes. The strip should be about 12 inches (30 cm) long, or half as long as your arm. Fold a short section of the duct tape over and stick it to itself. Repeat on the other side. These folded \"handles\" should be long enough for you to grip, with a sticky segment in between them. If you find it easier, you can wrap the duct tape in a circle instead, with the adhesive on the outside. Make the circle large enough to fit your hand through it. Hold the handles of the duct tape and press the sticky segment against the flat surface of the recessed bulb. Once the tape sticks to the light bulb, you should have enough leverage to get it loose. Almost all light bulbs use standard screw threading, so turn the bulb counterclockwise to unscrew it. If it doesn't budge, read the method below for help removing the surrounding collar. Once the light bulb has emerged enough for you to grip the sides, pull off the duct tape. It's faster at this point to spin the bulb out by hand. Screw in the new light bulb as far as you can by hand. When it's nearly flush, stick on the duct tape and turn clockwise to tighten to a secure fit." ], "summary": [ "Turn off the light. Look for a metal ring around the light bulb. Cut away paint if necessary. Look for a screw or button. Test whether the collar twists or pulls out. Pry out the ring with a screwdriver. Remove a stuck ring.", "Wait until the bulb is cool. Tear off a strip of duct tape. Fold over each end of the duct tape. Stick the duct tape to the light bulb. Twist to unscrew. Finish unscrewing by hand. Replace the light bulb with the same method." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Removing Unwanted Parts", "Completing the Cleaning Process", "Readying the Crab for Cleaning" ], "document": [ "Take a pair of scissors from your kitchen and use this to cut the face off the crab. The face includes the crab's eyes and mouth. Cut a straight line across the front of the crab, just behind the eyes and mouth, to remove the face. It is generally easier to use scissors to remove the face. However, not all scissors will be sharp enough. If your scissors fail to cut through the crab, use a sharp knife instead to make the cut. The abdomen of the crab is the small flap of shell on the underside of the crab. You do not need any special tools to remove the abdomen. Pull it off with your fingers. You will see the gills underneath the abdomen. They resemble small, beige tongues. To remove the gills, grab them with your fingers and pull them off.", "Once unwanted materials are removed from the crab, it can be cleaned using water. Hold the crab under running tap water to rinse out the guts. These are the greenish brown substances found inside the crab. Keep rinsing the crab until the guts are completely removed. Now, you can get to the meat of the crab. This can be cooked after it is extracted. Turn the crab upside down. Hold it with both sides and place both thumbs underneath the crab, near the midline of the crab's back. As you push with your thumbs, pull down with your hands. The crab will crack open. You should be left with two even sections of crab meat. Crab sections can be cooked in boiling water. Cook them for 12 minutes. Use a light amount of salt to flavor the crab. If you want, you can serve your crab with melted butter. ", "If you purchased a live crab, it is necessary to kill it before cooking it. The simplest way to kill a live crab is to immerse the crab in boiling water for 60 seconds. Then, use tongs to remove the crab from the water and place it in an ice bath to cool. If you are using frozen crab, thaw it out before cleaning it. Fill a sink with cool water and immerse the crab in the sink. After about 15 to 20 minutes, it should be thawed enough to clean. If you boiled your crab, let it become cool to the touch before cleaning it. You should also let it dry off first, as handling a wet crab can be difficult. If you thawed your crab in water, let it dry before cleaning it." ], "summary": [ "Cut the face off the crab. Remove the abdomen. Remove the gills.", "Rinse out the guts. Break the crab open to get the meat. Cook your crab. Finished!", "Kill the crab first, if necessary. Thaw a frozen crab. Allow the crab to cool and dry." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Shooting the Movie", "Creating the Story", "Getting Your Cast, Locations, and Rehearsals Together", "Editing the Movie" ], "document": [ "These days, it's pretty easy to find cameras to shoot movies. You can use a smartphone, a tablet, a digital camera, or, if you have one around, a better quality film camera. It should be able to record audio, as well. Make sure you know the camera really well before you begin shooting. Play around with it first or look at tutorials online if you don't know how to use it. Just remember movies take up a lot of memory. You may need to download your videos to a computer with more memory from time to time so that you have enough space to keep shooting. Always ask before you borrow a camera or smartphone! Also, be very careful with borrowed equipment. Props are things that you use in your movie, like swords, cups, books, or anything object that moves the story along. Costumes are what the people in the story wear. You can use everyday clothes or pull out old Halloween costumes. Try to make them fit the story and your characters. For instance, a 12-year-old girl who likes adventure might wear sturdy but fun boots, a long pair of shorts, a colorful t-shirt, and her hair up. Look around your house for props you can use. Remember to ask before borrowing them. If you need something extra, try asking your parents if they have what you need, borrowing from a neighbor, or asking your parents to take you to a thrift store. Props don't have to be \"real.\" For instance, if you need a sword, you can make one out of cardboard and foil. When you first go in to shoot a scene, look around. Is the lighting good? You should be able to see your characters pretty well. Is everything in the room that you need for the scene? If you need a coffee mug for the scene, make sure it's there. Think about how the room or area will look on screen and adjust the room. It can help to hold up your hands in a square (to show you how much you'd see) or simply look through your camera without recording. If the lighting is bad, adjust as needed. Turn on lights or open curtains. Try not to blind your actors, though! For instance, if you have 2 characters talking to each other, you may want to be able to see them in one shot. That means you may need to move chairs around so they're closer together. After each person has memorized their lines for a scene, you can start filming. You say \"Action\" to start the scene, and then it begins. Your characters should move around like you've written in the script and say their lines to each other. You can change things if the scene isn't working. Try to help people out if they seem a little lost. For instance, if someone doesn't know how to act in a scene, try to give them motivation. You could say, \"How would you feel if you just found a treasure map? Wouldn't you be a little curious first and then get more and more excited? How would that make you act?\" Repeat the action of setting up each scene. Look at each one carefully to make sure you've got it set properly. Then, shoot each scene as you set it up. Acting involves more than just saying the lines. Your actors need to react to each other like they would in real life. If someone says something mean, the person they're saying it to will look angry or hurt, for instance. So if you notice an actor is smiling after another character says something mean, stop and talk to them. You could say, \"When that person says something mean, react like they're saying it to your personally. Wouldn't you frown or look upset?\" Kids and adults can have short attention spans, and they may not want to act for hours on end. Try shooting a single scene in a day, for instance, so you don't overwhelm your actors. If they want to do more, that's great. Just make sure you're listening to what they're saying. If they're bored with it for today, stop and do something else! When you cut down your movie, you'll need more footage than you think. It takes lots and lots of footage to get the shots that you want. Then you can pick and choose to create your perfect movie. For instance, try shooting the same scene at least a couple of times. That way, you can pick the best shots if something goes wrong in the scene at some point. It can help to shoot the scene from different spots in the room. That way, you can cut between different shots. For instance, if you shoot from the perspective of the stairs, then from the kitchen, you can move between those two perspectives as your characters are talking. Plus, if you need to use footage from different videos, you can do it without making the movie look like it's jumping by switching to a different angle.", "What do you want your movie to be about? Do you want an exciting adventure? Do you want a fantasy story? Do you want a love story? You could also try action, mystery, or science fiction. If you're not sure where to start, think about your favorite movies. You don't want to copy them, but you can make a similar movie. You can also mix and match ideas. You don't have to choose just one! But, try not to let it get too crazy. Save some ideas for the next movie. You can even make a movie based on one of your favorite books or stories! The main character is the person who leads the story. For instance, in the film Brave, Merida is the main character. She's the hero, and the story is all about what happens to her and what decisions she makes. You can have more than one main character, such as Nemo and Marlin in Finding Nemo. Basically, your main character will drive the story forward. Your movie is all about them and what they do. \"Story\" is also known as \"plot.\" Basically, it's just what happens. Writing it down in a few short sentences can help keep you focused. Think about what happens to your main character. Maybe you want them to go on a journey to find treasure. That's the end of the story, so your sentences could be: \"Jessie finds a map in her attic with a mysterious place marked on it. She decides to find the place! Along the way, she meets Robbie, a very smart young boy in the neighborhood, and they follow the map and find treasure.\" You can also write it as \"What if?\" statement, such as \"What if a girl finds a map in her attic that leads her to a buried treasure?\" When first starting your story, your character is going through normal life. They need something to set them off on a journey, such as the map in the example. They need to be working towards something, which results in the high point of the story, called the climax. The climax is the most exhilarating part of the story. It's the point where a suspect is about to get caught in a mystery, or in our case, it could be the point where Jessie finds the treasure on the map... or finds out there's nothing there. A scene is a smaller section of a movie. One scene is usually made up of unbroken time and action. In other words, each scene stands by itself, kind of like a chapter in a book. For instance, say your character starts out hanging out downstairs, bored, with her mom. That's 1 scene. Then, she is searching the attic and finds a map, scene 2. Downstairs again, she asks her mom if she can go see her friend, scene 3. Try writing a couple of sentences for each scene you want to create. You're writing out your story from start to finish. Just describe each scene one by one. For instance, you might write: Scene 1: Jessie is hanging out downstairs looking bored and watching the clock. Her mom tells her to do her homework, but Jessie says it's already done. Her mom tells her to go find something to do, so she sighs and goes upstairs. Scene 2: Jessie is in the attic of the house, moving things around and looking in boxes. She's looking in the bottom of an old wardrobe when something catches her finger at the bottom. She peels up a board and finds the treasure map. Scene 3: Jessie is downstairs, asking her mom if she can go talk to her friend. Her mom says yes and she runs down the block. Script format is a little strange. Start by listing where the scene is. Then, you can add a description of the room and anything that's happening in the scene. For example, for scene 1 and 2, you might write it like this: Scene 1Living room, mid-afternoon.The living room is cozy with a sofa and 2 arm chairs. Light streams in from large windows. Jessie, 12, is lounging in a chair, looking bored, while her mother looks on from the kitchen. Scene 2Attic, a few minutes later.The attic is dusty and filled with boxes and other random stuff. Jessie, 12, is digging through boxes and moving around the room. The dialogue is what the characters say to each other. Sometimes, a character can even talk to themselves if no one is around. Dialogue can sound a little off if you just write it, so try saying it out loud! Think about how you talk to your friends and how you'd talk to your parents or teachers. It's different, isn't it? That should be reflected in your dialogue. Use italics to show that some lines aren't spoken, but rather, performed by the actor instead. Keep going through the dialogue and action notes until you finish with the scene. For the first scene, you might start out writing: Jessie: I'm so boooored.Jessie sighs and leans on her arm.Mom: If you're that bored, go do your homework.Jessie rolls her eyes.Jessie: I already did my homework. You need people to play each character. That means you need to know how many you have first. Write down each character and something about them, such as their name, age, and personality. For example, you might write, \"Jessie is a 12-year-old kid who likes books and plays soccer. She is always getting into trouble because she goes off on adventures.\" Write out dialogue, description, and action for each scene in your story. Once you're done, you can get started on the next part!", "If this is your first movie, keep it simple. Choose 1 or 2 places where you can shoot your movie, not more. It can even be just inside your home with props borrowed from around the house! You can shoot in your backyard or at your local park. If you want to shoot in a building, ask the owner if you can use it first. Pick a place that fits your movie. For instance, most scary movies aren't filmed outside in bright sunshine, and an adventure story may need more than 1 location. See if your friends want to play parts. Let them know they'll have to memorize lines which can be a little hard! Your parents or siblings might also want to get in on the action. For instance, you could say, \"Hey, I'm making a movie! Do you want to be in it? You'd have to memorize some lines, but it could be a lot of fun!\" \"Casting\" means putting people in different roles. Once you gather everyone together, have them read different lines. That way, you can see which person is best for each character in your story. Then, decide who you want in each role based on how they read and whether they fit the part or not. You can always change your characters around if no one fits a character exactly. Be flexible. Give each person a copy of the script to read. You can highlight their parts to help them out. Make sure you give each person who's interested something to do. If they don't want to act, have them help set up scenes or assist people with memorizing their lines. \"Stop-action\" just means you use small figures and take pictures of them. Each time you take a picture, you move the figures a little. When you put the pictures together in a movie format, it looks like the figures are moving. For instance, you could use dolls, action figures, clay, or even building blocks as your stop-action figures. Start by having everyone sit around and talk through the script. That is, you can read the description and action, and each other person can read their lines out loud. This helps them get an idea of how the movie will work. It also lets you make changes if things aren't quite working. Work in the location you're going to be using, and go over the lines in each scene. As you do, set up blocking. Blocking is where the actors will move while they're being filmed. Blocking is important because you want them to stay on camera. You also want to make sure they face the camera most of the time. For instance, you might rehearse how Jessie's mom will come in from the kitchen in the opening living room scene, always facing the camera.", "Most computers come with movie-editing software, like iMovie or Windows Movie Maker. You can use the software to take out parts of your videos and put other parts together. You can also use it to add transitions, music, and credits. You can also try apps like Magisto, Toontastic, GoAnimate, or Animoto. If you don't know how to use the software you have, try looking up tutorials online. You probably shot some scenes over and over. Start by moving what you don't need out of your main movie. Try to pick the videos where your actors did the best. You can even pick parts from different videos and put them together in the same scene. For instance, maybe someone spilled their drink in one video, but the actors did the best on their lines early on in the scene. You can use part of the first video and replace the second part with shots from another video. Now that you've taken out what you don't need, make sure your scenes are in the order you want them in. They should have a logical flow from start to finish so that your viewers can follow your story. A transition is how you get from one scene to the next visually, such as fading, cutting, or dissolving. You can add different types of transitions, depending on the scene. For instance, a cut goes directly from one scene to the next, replacing the image instantly. A fade slowly goes down to black, and then brings up the next scene. A dissolve is when the scene slowly disappears as the next one slowly appears. For instance, when moving between scene 1 and 2 in your movie, where Jessie goes upstairs, you might try a cut since not much time goes by. Pretty much all movies use music to set the mood. You can use your favorite songs, but make sure they fit the scene. You can also use instrumental music (music without words) to help create a mood. For instance, maybe when Jessie is looking around the attic, you can play quiet music with a good beat that makes you think of someone being curious. Your video-editing software should let you add music. Make sure your music doesn't overpower the dialogue. If you have it playing in a scene with dialogue, it should be much softer than what's being said. At the beginning of the movie, you should have the title of your film. Usually, you add it over the opening scene, which you can do in movie-making software. You can also add the names of the main characters and actors, if you want. At the end, you can include rolling credits with all the actors' and characters' names. At the end, include anyone else who helped with the film. List any music you use to give credit for it. Put the date in, too." ], "summary": [ "Find a camera to use. Drag out props and costumes. Set up a scene by moving things around in your location. Shoot that scene. Set up and shoot the remaining scenes. Encourage your actors to make gestures and facial expressions. Give your actors lots of breaks. Take more video than you think you need.", "Brainstorm ideas by yourself or with friends. Decide who the main character is going to be. Write down your basic story in 2-3 sentences. Make sure your story has a high point. Break your story into scenes. Write a short description of each scene. Put your story in script format. Add the dialogue. Make a list of all the characters in your story. Finish out all your scenes to complete the story.", "Pick a location or two. Ask people to be in your movie. Cast your characters. Try a stop-action movie if you don't have a cast. Run through the script a few times. Rehearse each scene with blocking.", "Use movie-making software to edit your film. Take out what you don't need. Order your scenes. Add transitions between scenes. Put in music to help set the mood. Finish your film off with opening and closing credits." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Preparing Soup for Freezing", "Packaging and Freezing Soup" ], "document": [ "Not all items freeze well, so if you are making your soup with the intention of freezing it, you might want to exclude these items. You can add them in fresh when you are reheating the soup later. Items that don't freeze well include: cream, eggs, fresh herbs, and pasta. Veggies freeze well, but you may want to slightly undercook them to better preserve texture. If you are freezing soup that already has these items in it, don't worry. There are a few things you can do to preserve their texture and flavor. You will have to chill your soup first before you can place it into the freezer. If you put hot soup into the freezer, you will risk thawing the other items in there. The soup also won't freeze evenly, or fast enough to prevent bacterial growth. Plan ahead. The ice bath needs to be level with the soup, once you put the pot in. Metal loses heat a lot quicker compared to other materials, such as glass or plastic. If you have a lot of soup, consider dividing it into smaller metal containers, and sticking all of them into the ice bath. The ice bath must be level with the soup. If it is too deep, drain some water/ice. If it is too shallow, add some more water/ice. This will help distribute the cold throughout the soup. It will also help it cool more evenly. You can use an ordinary spoon, or for even faster results, a cooling paddle. Cooling paddles are plastic paddles that are filled with water and then frozen solid. Commercial kitchens use these to stir hot soups to make them chill faster. Consider placing a fan next to the soup. This will help move warm air away from the soup. As the soup cools, the ice will begin to melt. When this happens, you will need to drain the excess water, and add even more ice. The ice bath should always be level with the soup. It should also always be filled with ice, and not just cold water. Use a clean, meat or cooking thermometer to gauge the temperature. Once the soup reaches 40°F (4°C), you place it into the freezer.", "These bags are usually thicker and more durable than your average sandwich bag. If you are freezing a lot of soup, consider using different sized bags for different portion sizes, such as gallons and quarts. Plastic bags will save space in your freezer. If you are hesitant about using plastic bags and don't care about saving space, use a plastic box with a tight-fitting lid instead. Write the name of the soup and the date using a permanent marker. Frozen soup will not last forever, and needs to be used within a certain amount of time. Dairy-based soups will only last 2 months, while broth-based soups will last 3 months. Any longer, and the taste and texture will be compromised. This will hold the bag stable. Make sure that the jar is large enough to hold the bag. If you are using a plastic container, set the container down on a stable surface. Use a ladle to transfer the soup from the pot to the bag. If you are using a plastic container, leave ½ to 1 inch (1.27 to 2.54 centimeters) of space between the soup and the lid. This will allow for the soup to expand while freezing. It will also reduce the chances of freezer burn. Pull the bag out of the jar, and squeeze out as much air as you can. An easy way to do this is to close the bag most of the way, and then to press the air out. Seal the bag tightly. If you are using a plastic container, simply place the lid on tightly. Lay the bag(s) flat on the bottom of the freezer. When they freeze and become solid, you can stack them to save space. If you are using plastic containers, you don't have to wait for the soup to freeze. You can simply stack them from the start. Soups that contain grains and starches, such as beans, pasta, or potatoes, can go mushy. To keep this from happening, place the soup towards the back of the freezer. The temperature is most consistent there." ], "summary": [ "Plan ahead when making the soup. Fill a sink with ice, and add enough water to turn the ice into a slush. Pour the soup pot into new, metal container and place it into the ice bath right after you take it off the stove. Stir the soup every 10 to 15 minutes. Drain the excess water and add more ice when necessary. Check the temperature often.", "Choose a plastic, re-sealable, freezer-safe bag. Label the bag. Place the bag into a jar, and flip the top edges over the mouth of the jar. Fill the bag with the soup. Seal the bag. Place the soup into the freezer." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Pulling Medium-Level Pranks", "Playing Easy Pranks", "Playing Difficult Pranks" ], "document": [ "The mouse won't connect to the screen and it will drive them crazy trying to get their mouse to work. If you're feeling extra hilarious, put a funny picture on the underside of the mouse so they know who's responsible. The toilet tank has the water the replenishes the water supply in the toilet bowl when you flush. Every time someone flushes the toilet it will make it look as if the toilet is broken. Cut through the bottoms of all the cereal boxes in your house and leave them upright in the cupboard for a hungry, unsuspecting victim to grab. When a friend or family member has their hands full, tell them you want to try an experiment. Get them to put their hand through a door and hold onto an egg. Then walk away, leaving them still standing, unable to leave without dropping the egg. Remove the deodorant stick from the container and replace it with a stick of cream cheese. You'll need to shape the cream cheese across the top of the deodorant container.", "Get hold of their Facebook, phone or computer and change all the settings to Latin, or Spanish, or German, anything they don't speak. When your friend tries to type something, it automatically puts in the misspelled word. You can also do this in your friend's autocorrect on their phone so when they try to text they get really weird or hilarious words. Do this to your coworkers or your family members. The ink won't be able to get through and no one will be able to write anything. Leave it in the shower or by the sink so you can watch. It won't lather and your victim(s) won't be able to wash their hands or figure out why the soap won't work. Bring a large batch of raisin cookies into work and say that they are chocolate chip cookies. Watch as everyone gets really mad when they take a bite. To spice it up a little put some pepper in. Watch as someone makes a sandwich (or be really helpful and make them a sandwich). Or you could grab in down while you're with your friends and starting digging into the mayo. Put sugar in the salt shaker and put salt in the sugar bowl (or even in the sugar bag).", "You will only want to cover the upper part of the door, otherwise their feet will hit the wrap instead of their face. (You may be able to trip the victim if you put it below!) Also you need to pull the saran wrap taut to tape it, otherwise your victim will see it. Enlist a friend to help. Get a real egg and cover it with melted chocolate. Allow to dry. Cover it with brightly colored foil, like a chocolate egg. Give to someone you love. If you have a refrigerator that allows you to remove the handle, get a screwdriver and unscrew the handle. Switch it to the other side of the fridge, and screw it back in. People will try to open the fridge and get really frustrated when they can't. Get a dozen cream filled donuts, scrape out the cream, and refill it with mayo. Take to work and anonymously leave it in the break room. You'll need to have access to your victim's phone and computer, otherwise they will figure out pretty quickly what's going on. Change it to a couple hours ahead or behind. Take saran wrap and wrap it all the way around your victim's car so they can't get into with without cutting it. You'll need a lot of saran wrap to pull this off." ], "summary": [ "Put a piece of tape over a friend or coworker's computer mouse. Put yellow food coloring in the toilet tank. Make a bottomless box. Get someone stuck holding an egg through a door. Fill a deodorant container with cream cheese.", "Change a friend or coworker's tech settings to another language. Change a few common words on Word or Outlook autocorrect. Dip the ends of pens in clear nail polish. Put clear nail polish on some soap. Pretend raisin cookies are chocolate chip cookies. Fill a mayo jar with vanilla pudding. Switch the salt and the sugar.", "Cover a door with saran wrap. Cover an actual egg with chocolate. Switch the handle on the fridge door. Fill a dozen cream donuts with mayo. Change all the clocks in the house. Saran wrap someone's car." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Analyzing Your Behaviors", "Executing a Plan", "Creating Motivation in Your Life", "Coping with Apathy" ], "document": [ "First and foremost, you must decide to break the cycle of apathy. If your thoughts continually lead you toward inactivity and powerlessness, it is time to generate different thoughts. All your thoughts and actions must focus on gaining your power back and learning how to prevent the physical and emotional paralysis that it causes. Participate in activities that generate thoughts and bolster the belief that you have power over your existence, and you can create new possibilities. For example, something as simple as cleaning your living area will show you that you can improve your situation. The signs, symptoms and causes of apathy must be understood. Apathy can manifest in your behavior in ways such as loss of interest, concern and enthusiasm for many things in life. What has taken the wind out of your sails? Have you dealt with a lot of rejection? Was that compounded by your belief that no one listens to you? Have you not reached a certain level of education, work or social status, and you don’t think you ever will? Do you have an imbalance somewhere within your body’s systems? Only you can answer these questions. There may be physiological, psychological or sociological causes that are either singularly or collectively causing or contributing to the problem. Ask an M.D., medical doctor to run blood work to rule out conditions such as thyroid disease, hormonal imbalances, and other conditions. Apathy is a symptom of many other conditions that can be addressed and treated. Ask an N.D., naturopathic doctor to address the issues an M.D. does not address. An N.D. takes a more holistic approach to healthcare, which can be an effective addition to the care an M.D. provides. For example, an N.D. is specifically trained to address chemical and nutritional sensitivities, and allergies that may be affecting your mood and overall wellbeing. If you hear family and friends trying to “help you” get motivated, they have noticed something might be wrong. From the outside, your apathy might be viewed as laziness. You know this is wrong, but you aren't really sure what you are feeling. When you get locked into an apathetic spiral, it can be tempting to get defensive and want to push back against the people trying to help you. Learn to listen because people are concerned about you. Whether or not you choose to take their advice, at least make an effort to hear them out. It is difficult to feel wrongfully accused of being lazy, especially when you don’t know how to get out of the hole you are in. You can say, \"I know it might look like I'm being lazy, but in all honesty I just don't feel right. I want to find out what it is so I can feel better.\" Are you spending the majority of your day by yourself with little to no input from others? Spending the entire day with only your thoughts limits your perception of your life and the world. If you have negative thoughts, then you end up spending the entire day in a negative space. Spend more time with your close friends and family. Don’t let yourself become isolated from others. Strike a balance between alone time and time you spend in social situations. Allow yourself to feel uncomfortable in social situations. It is normal. Anything new becomes increasingly easier to do with practice. While it's important to socialize, don't spend time with people you don't like. If you tend to get dragged down into feelings of depression and apathy around certain people, hang out with people you enjoy being around instead. Apathy is often linked with feelings of unworthiness, and can be made worse by constant comparisons to others. Focus on building yourself up rather than tearing yourself down because you think someone is more successful, more beautiful or more talented. Don’t let it stop you from trying, caring and engaging with the world and your interests. You are successful, beautiful and talented in your own unique way. Remind yourself what you enjoy doing. Create a list of your joys from the past. When you feel apathetic, you start losing connections to the things that once gave you joy. It can even be difficult to remember what it was that used to get you excited. So sit down and make a list of those things. Keep the list in a place where you can see it. Did playing your guitar used to bring you joy? Pull it out of the dusty case and remember what it feels like. Were you an eager reader who always read the best sellers? Pull a book off the pile you’ve wanted to read and skim through it. Did you enjoy laughing with friends? Maybe your best friends haven't heard from you in days, weeks, or months. It’s time to make contact.", "Re-lighting the spark you've lost starts with making the decision to move past apathy. Creating each step in your plan to build yourself back up, will provide an opportunity to achieve feelings of success. It is deliberate attempts to build small successes that lead to larger ones. Routines can provide the structure you need to hoist yourself out of the hole of apathy. If you have a routine to follow, you won’t have to think about what you have to do every day. Simply plug into your routine and take care of business. Start with simple routines such as: I wake up at 7:00, eat breakfast and take a shower and be ready for the day by 9:00. At the end of the day prepare your clothes and lunch for the next work day and go to bed by 10:00. Reach an agreement with yourself. Making a promise to yourself to improve your life is one of the most respectful things you can do. Keeping your promise can be difficult at times, if you allow yourself to negotiate your morals and standards. Sign a behavioral contract with yourself and get a witness to sign it as well. This will ensure accountability. Making a change can be difficult, but you are worth the effort. You might disappoint yourself, but you need to be the first person to give yourself a second chance. If you feel yourself backsliding away from a promise you made, tell yourself, “I know this is tough, but I promised myself I was going to do great things, eat great food and be powerful. I am saying this out loud to remind myself and recommit to my promise. I promise.” You are changing your circumstances, which is difficult, but the payoff can be profound. Focus on all the active steps you can take toward your goal. Keep information and lists handy so you can refer to them if you feel less than powerful. There is a time to move forward and a time to rest, but don’t allow yourself the option of going backwards into something that made you feel horrible. Find one thing that you can rally around and throw yourself into it. Just one thing. Don't worry about trying to get in shape, write a novel, and learn to play sitar all in the same week. You will overwhelm yourself. Hobbies promote good health and will likely prevent you from slipping back into a state of apathy. Pick up an instrument, start brewing beer, or pick up a sport and start playing it. Find something to get excited about. Don't worry about being great at everything. Let your fingers get rough and raw as you're learning guitar. Let yourself be confused as you read up on French philosophy. Experience growing pains and treat them as a thing you can overcome, not as a roadblock you'll never get past. You are human and that involves being flawed, just like everyone else. Any well-laid plan will include an opportunity to make a correction in the course if necessary. There are bound to be missteps and bouncing back from them will not only keep you on track, it will show you that you can regroup and continue. If you signed a behavioral contract, make additions when necessary, sign it and have your witness sign it again. If necessary, use every day as a time to tell yourself, “Today is going to be a great day and yesterday is behind me now.” It is important to write down your plans, goals and accomplishments. This will allow you the opportunity to review how far you have come. Progress is infectious. If you show yourself that you are capable, you will become even more capable and apathy will be left behind.", "A thought can change a feeling. In order to feel better, pick a better thought. You may notice the high frequency of your negative thoughts, which will show you there is room for improvement. Focus on generating positive thoughts to replace the negative ones. If you catch yourself thinking negative thoughts about yourself, tell yourself, \"Stop!\" Then replace the thought with something positive such as, \"I am filling my mind with positive ideas that will change my beliefs. I am changing my life.\" For example, if you have the thought “There is no point in trying, because I know I will fail,” change it to something like, “Failure is an opportunity to learn. If I don’t get it right this time, I can always try again.” Be the first person to congratulate yourself on any job well done. Try to see your positive traits in the way others see you. Question your self-perception. You may be harshly judging yourself, with no supporting evidence. Even if you think taking out the trash is not a big deal, give yourself an “at-a-boy” for getting the task completed. It doesn’t matter how big or small, you must honor yourself by recognizing the things you can do rather than focus on those things you believe you cannot. If you're struggling with severe apathy, it's unwise to dive straight into the deep end of new responsibilities and ambitions. Make small changes at first and gradually work toward more significant responsibilities. Each step you take forward is a step away from apathy. For example, if you feel like all you can do in a day is wake up and make it to the couch, it's probably not realistic to decide to run a marathon. Cut off your hair, or make a drastic change in your appearance. Getting a haircut can be a loud statement or a quiet rebellion against apathy. This can be extremely effective at giving yourself a small but significant change to jolt yourself out of your routine. If you’ve been sleeping a lot, then go to bed at a reasonable time and wake up 7-8 hours later. Several studies indicate that optimal sleep is important for normal brain function. Reestablishing a proper sleep pattern will allow you to have more energy and motivation to increase your participation in life. Staying in bed too long can end up making you feel drowsier and depressed, so jolt yourself awake and hop out of bed an hour or two earlier than normal. Periods of extreme apathy can be reversed, sometimes by taking the smallest of steps. Getting outside and using your body can be enough to jolt yourself out of your haze. If the idea of exercise makes you want to head for the couch, take that as a sign that it's a necessary idea. You don't have to jump immediately into running 5k races and swimming 10 miles (16 km) each morning. Go slowly and do what you're ready for. Start with light stretches and calisthenics each morning or go for a brisk walk around the neighborhood. Exercise can help to release beta-endorphins into the blood-stream, which can produce an effect known as \"runner's high,\" helping to induce euphoria and pleasant feelings. It will also increase your stamina, give you energy, and help you sleep better. Win-win-win. Unhealthy consumption of food can lead to a cycle of apathy. The more apathetic you feel, the more likely it is that you will consume food that is not good for you in quantities that will lead to obesity. Do not rely on frozen foods, fast food, and other junk instead of healthy, nutritious meals. Avoid eating too much refined sugar and preservative-laden food that affects your BDNF hormones, which have been linked with increased risk of depression. Try to start cooking simple meals that emphasize fresh vegetables, fiber, and a minimum of pre-prepared or packaged foods. If you cook a lot in the microwave, then alternate by cooking on the grill, in the oven or on the stove. This will create flavors, textures and aromas that provide variety to your life. It may be appropriate to make bigger changes in your routine to help jog yourself out of an apathetic haze. Decide whether something major about your life needs to go, be changed, or be altered in some way that will motivate you. . If your job leaves you feeling underemployed, unappreciated, or bored, you need to seek employment elsewhere. The purpose of a job is to provide you income and a sense of purpose. While some people can deal with a \"paycheck\" job as long as their lives are robust and full outside of work, other people struggle. Make the choice to find emotionally gainful employment. Moving elsewhere can give you the change in scenery you need. If you're feeling stuck someplace where you don't know people, you don't feel comfortable, or you don't enjoy being, it may be helpful to change your residence. While it's true that you can't always outrun your problems by moving, it can be a spark that some people require. Studies have found significantly fewer anxious and depressive behaviors among people who move to more positive environments. Ending toxic relationships will stop an accumulation of negative feelings. A relationship should fulfill you and support you, not drag you down into competitive spirals, petty arguments, and resentments. If you are in a relationship that fails to provide you with emotional support, end it. One great way of doing the end-around on your apathy is to schedule stuff, despite yourself. Call up a friend and make plans to meet for dinner and drinks on Monday, then schedule yourself for an after-work training appointment at a gym for Tuesday. Go for a long walk on Wednesday and visit a friend who lives on the other side of town. Keep your schedule super-full and don't give yourself a chance to get in your own way. Identify your \"empty spaces.\" There are times of the day or night when you feel the most apathetic or dragged down. If you always seem to feel unmotivated before you go to work, schedule something to make use of that time. For example, use this time to listen to audio recordings of uplifting music, motivational material, or meditations that have been shown to change the brain. Fill your empty spaces with rich and positive information.", "If you try to let something go and it continues to eat at you, hold you back or elicit feelings of apathy, you likely need to process residual feelings. You will eventually reach a point where you feel and believe your struggles are behind you. Living each day in the present moment allows you to leave the past behind. Process residual feelings from the past by talking with a close friend, family member or therapist. This includes reiterating your desires to stop apathy’s affects. Not only will people want to help you, but saying it out loud will help you be accountable to yourself and your goals. If you struggle then say, \"I am having a hard time and I appreciate you trying to help me. Are there any insights you can share with me about how you have struggled in the past?\" Apathy is directly related to other significant problems, including issues of anxiety, stress, clinical depression, certain diseases and metabolic abnormalities. It is important to note that general feelings of apathy, especially if they last for long periods of time, can be one of the biggest indicators of clinical depression, which may be the underlying cause of your feelings. External causes might include unhappiness at your job, your relationship, or other circumstances which leave you feeling unappreciated or underemployed. If you’re feeling unfulfilled by something that used to bring you pleasure, determine when you started feeling this way. Has it always been so? Was it linked to a break-up, or another moment of extreme turmoil? Are you or someone you love or care about feeling uninterested by once-engaging and exciting activities, or feeling unmotivated at work or school, failing to follow through due to wasting time watching TV, playing video games, and messing around on line? Are you feeling frustrated or embarrassed being around friends who have something interesting going on in their lives, or are you avoiding your friends altogether? Introspection is the process of directly attempting to access your own internal processes. . When you figure out how and why you react to the people and things around you, then you will be able to help yourself solve many personal struggles. Only you can do the work that it takes to find the answers to these questions. Analysis can be difficult, but it can put you on a clear path toward change. One excellent step to help you get away from a self-esteem spiral is to unplug from social networking for short periods of time. You don't have to quit Facebook cold-turkey, but researchers have uncovered a measurable connection between depression and clicking through your friend's vacation photos on Facebook throughout the day. The more Facebook, the less happy. If you're really struggling, don't go it alone. Schedule an appointment to talk with a licensed therapist and discuss your struggles with apathy. Just scheduling the appointment and knowing there will be someone to talk to can help. There is a tendency to think you are the only one who experiences the thoughts and feelings you are having. You must understand that many others have felt exactly what you are feeling and have gotten the help they needed. Fight the urge to push yourself to the outside where you might isolate yourself and not get the help that you need. Find a support group through a friend, your doctor or a trusted online source. Knowing you are not alone, will help you find the strength to make the changes you desire. With each action you take, a layer of apathy can be released. When you give yourself the opportunity to create a new way of looking at life, your confidence will build and feelings of apathy will fall away. Ridding yourself of apathy is not a quick-fix, but each step you take builds momentum that will carry you to the next step, and the next, and the next until you are free from feeling apathetic." ], "summary": [ "Break the cycle. Identify the root cause of your apathy. Listen to family and friends. Examine your isolation. Determine if you are unfairly comparing yourself to others. Examine the things you used to enjoy.", "Design a routine that works for you. Commit to changing your outlook and behaviors. Execute your plan. Identify your first positive activity. Adjust for imperfections. Acknowledge your progress.", "Change your thoughts. Stop self-loathing behaviors and thoughts of inadequacy by taking action. Take action by starting with small steps. Change your appearance. Change your bedtime and wake-up time. Exercise your body and mind. Monitor your diet. Make bigger shifts in thinking and actions. Switch jobs Relocate your residence. End toxic relationships. Stay busy.", "Let go of the past. Tell friends and family that you are trying to change your life. Educate yourself. Be open and honest with yourself. Unplug from e-connections. Seek professional help. Realize you are not alone. Generate the power in your life one step at a time." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Killing Green Algae with Chlorine", "Other Green Algae Treatments", "Preventing Algae" ], "document": [ "When your pool water is green or contains visible algae clumps, your pool does not have enough chlorine. \"Shocking\" the pool with a large dose of chlorine is the most effective way to kill the existing algae and bring your pool back to sanitary conditions. This usually works within 1–3 days, but can take up to a week if pool conditions are poor. The other methods listed below are faster, but may not fix underlying sanitation concerns. They are also more expensive and can have unwanted side effects. Brush vigorously to remove as much of the algae as possible. This will reduce the amount of time it takes to kill and clear the algae bloom. Pay special attention to the steps, behind ladders, and other nooks and crannies where algae tends to gather. Make sure the brush is compatible with your pool. Steel brushes work well on concrete, while nylon brushes are preferable for vinyl pools. You'll be handling dangerous chemicals during this method. Always read the safety information on the labels first. At minimum, follow these safety standards for all pool chemicals: Wear gloves, eye protection, and clothing that covers your skin. After use, wash hands and inspect clothes for chemicals. Avoid inhaling the chemicals. Use caution when handling in windy weather. Always add chemicals to water, never water to chemicals. Do not place wet scoops back in container. Store chemicals in sealed, fireproof containers, away from children, on separate shelves on the same level (not one above the other). Many pool chemicals explode when they touch another pool chemical. Use a swimming pool pH test kit to measure the pH of your water. If the pH is above 7.6 — which is common during an algae bloom — add a pH reducer (such as sodium bisulfate) to your pool according to label instructions. Aim for pH levels between 7.2 and 7.6 to make your chlorine more effective and reduce the growth of the infestation. Wait at least a couple hours, then test the pool again. Test kits that use tablets or droppers are much more accurate than paper test strips. If pH levels are back to normal but total alkalinity is above 120 ppm, check the pH reducer label for instructions to bring total alkalinity down between 80 and 120 ppm. The chlorine you use for regular pool treatment may not be the best choice for a shock treatment. Ideally, you should use a liquid chlorine product intended for swimming pools. The product should contain sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, or lithium hypochlorite. Avoid calcium hypochlorite if you have hard water. All hypochlorite products are flammable and explosive. Lithium is relatively safer, but much more expensive. Avoid granular or tablet chlorine products (such as dichlor or trichlor), which contain stabilizers that should not be added to the pool in large quantities. Check your chlorine product's label for \"shock\" instructions. To fight algae, use twice the recommended amount for a regular shock. Use triple the amount if the water is very murky, or even quadruple if you can't even see the top rung of the ladder. With the pool filter running, add the shock directly to the perimeter of the pool. (If you have a vinyl pool liner, pour the shock into a bucket of pool water first to avoid bleaching.) Warning — liquid chlorine will explode and produce corrosive gas if it touches chlorine tablets or granules. Never pour the liquid chlorine into your pool skimmer or anything that contains these products. Because UV rays in sunlight break down chlorine, shocking is most effective when added in the evening and left overnight. After the pool filter has been running for 12–24 hours, examine the pool. Dead algae turns white or gray, and either suspends in the pool water or settles to the floor. Whether or not the algae is dead, test the pool again for the new chlorine and pH levels. If your chlorine levels are higher (2–5 ppm) but the algae is still there, keep maintaining these levels as usual for the next couple days. If chlorine levels have risen but are still below 2ppm, shock a second time the next evening. If there was no significant change in your chlorine levels, your pool likely has too much cyanuric acid (more than 50 ppm). This comes from using granulated or tablet chlorine, and can \"lock\" your chlorine into unusable forms. The only way to fight this is to shock repeatedly (sometimes many times), or to partially drain your pool. Large amounts of leaf litter or other objects in the pool can also eat up your chlorine. If the pool has been unused a long time, this could take a full week and several shock treatments. Brush vigorously to fight new algal growth on the walls. Over the next couple days, the chlorine should kill the algae. Test daily to confirm that chlorine and pH levels are acceptable. A well maintained pool has roughly the following values: Free Chlorine: 2-4 ppm, pH: 7.2 – 7.6, Alkalinity: 80 – 120 ppm and Calcium Hardness: 200 – 400 ppm. Slight differences in standards are common, so a small deviation should not be an issue. Once there is no green color left in your pool, vacuum up all the dead algae until the water is clear. You may skip this step and let the filter handle it, but only if you have a powerful filter and are willing to wait several days. If you're having trouble getting all the algae, add coagulant or flocculant so it clumps together. These are available at pool stores, but may not be worth the purchase for a home pool. If you have a D.E. filter, set it to backwash. If you have a cartridge filter, remove it and clean the cartridge with a hose at high pressure, followed by dilute muriatic acid or liquid chlorine if necessary. If you do not clean the filter thoroughly, dead algae may block the filter.", "If small clumps of algae form but do not spread to the rest of the pool, you may have areas of stagnant water. Check that your water jets are functioning properly. They should point into the water at an angle, so the water moves in a spiral pattern. A flocculant or coagulant clumps the algae together, making it possible to vacuum living algae. This may take a hard day of work, but your pool should be clear by the end of it. This is the fastest way to get your pool looking good, but it does not make the water safe to swim in. If algae can multiply, so can viruses and bacteria. Follow this with a chlorine shock treatment to sanitize the pool, and do not swim in the pool until chlorine and pH levels are back to normal. Algaecide will certainly kill your algae, but the side effects and expense may not be worth it. Here are a few factors to weigh when considering this option: Some algaecide products are not powerful enough to treat an existing bloom, especially if you have black algae as well. Ask a pool store employee for help, or find a product with 30%+ active ingredients. Quaternary ammonia algaecides (\"poly quats\") are cheap, but cause your water to foam. Many people find this annoying. Copper-based algaecides are more effective, but expensive. They usually stain your pool walls as well. After adding the algaecide, wait at least 24 hours before adding other chemicals.", ". Algae should not grow if you keep on top of your pool chemistry. Test the pool regularly for free chlorine levels, pH, alkalines, and cyanuric acid. The faster you catch a problem, the easier it will be to deal with it. Daily testing is ideal, especially in the week or two following an algal bloom. Always test at least twice a week during the swimming season. Algaecides are best used in small, weekly doses when pool conditions are normal. This will kill algae populations before they have a chance to grow. Check the product label for instructions. Make sure to follow instructions for regular prevention, not for existing algae blooms. Too much algaecide may stain your pool or cause foaming. Algae feed off several nutrients in the water, notably phosphates. Phosphate test kits are a cheap way to test for these chemicals in your pool. If they are present, use a commercial strength phosphate remover from a pool supply store. Let the filter and robot or manual vacuum remove the phosphate remover over the next day or two. Shock the pool once the phosphates are at a reasonable level. Pool professionals disagree over acceptable phosphate levels. 300 ppm is probably low enough unless you have recurring algae problems." ], "summary": [ "Use chlorine as your go-to algae killer. Brush the walls and floor of the swimming pool. Review pool chemical safety. Adjust the pool pH. Choose a chlorine shock product. Add an extra large dose of shock. Test the pool again the next day. Brush and test daily. Vacuum the dead algae. Clean the filter.", "Improve circulation to handle small spots of algae. Gather the algae with a flocculant. Treat the pool with algaecide.", "Maintain your pool water Add an algaecide as a preventative. Remove phosphates." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Recognizing Signs of Death", "Performing First Aid" ], "document": [ "A lack of pulse (heartbeat) and respiration (breathing) are 2 of the most obvious signs of death. If you think a person may have died, check these vital signs first. However, keep in mind that it can be difficult to be sure if a person’s heartbeat and breathing have really stopped without medical equipment. Remember to look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing. To check for a pulse, lift the person’s chin and feel for their Adam’s apple (or voice box). From there, slide your fingers into the groove between the Adam’s apple and one of the large tendons on either side of the neck. If the person has a pulse, you should feel a rhythmic throbbing under your fingers. If you have a stethoscope and blood pressure cuff available, you can also listen for the sound of the person’s systolic blood pressure. Place the cuff on the person’s arm just above the elbow joint and inflate the cuff until it’s just over 180 mm Hg. Position the stethoscope inside the crook of their elbow, slightly under the edge of the cuff. Slowly release the air from the cuff and listen for the sound of a pulse as blood returns to the artery in their arm. If you can’t hear the sound of the person’s blood flowing into their artery after deflating the cuff, they may have died. Gently open one of the person’s eyes (if they aren’t open already). If the person has died, you won’t see any movement of the eyes. If you have a flashlight handy, shine it in their eyes to see if the pupils get smaller. After death, the pupils will typically stay open and enlarged even under bright light. Keep in mind that there are other things that can also cause unresponsive pupils, such as certain types of drugs or damage to the nerves that control pupil and eye movement. Don’t assume the person is dead unless you also see other signs, like a lack of breathing or pulse. When a person dies, the muscles that control their bladder and bowels relax. If the person suddenly wets or soils themselves, this may be a sign of death. Sudden incontinence can also be a sign of other conditions, such as nerve damage or a stroke.", "Before you approach a collapsed or unconscious person, quickly assess the situation to determine if you can approach them safely. For example, check the area for hazards such as a downed electrical wire, fire or smoke, or toxic gas. Don’t try to touch the person or get close to them if you don’t think you can do so safely. Use caution if you think the person might be drunk or under the influence of drugs, since they could react violently if you disturb them. If you don’t think you can approach safely, call emergency services and explain the situation. Wait nearby until help arrives. If you feel confident that you can safely approach the person, check to see if they are conscious. Shout to get their attention, and say their name if you know it. You can also try gently shaking or tapping their shoulder. Say something like, “Are you all right?” A person is considered “unresponsive” if they don’t move or react in any way to stimulation from the outside, such as sound, touch, or strong smells. If the person shows no sign of consciousness, call emergency services immediately. Keep them on the line so that they can talk you through what to do until help arrives. Ask someone else to assist you if possible. For example, they can make the call or go look for help while you stay with the person and attempt CPR. Once you’ve called for help, carefully tilt the person’s head back and look inside their mouth. If you see any fluid or foreign objects in their mouth or throat, roll them onto their side and swipe your fingers across the back of their throat to clear away anything that’s stuck there. If there’s something in the airway but you can’t remove it quickly and easily, move on to doing chest compressions. Chest compressions can help dislodge material stuck in the airway. After checking the airway, see if the person is breathing normally. To check for breathing, first look to see if the person’s chest is rising and falling. If you can’t see their chest moving, put your ear over their mouth and nose. Listen for sounds of breathing and see if you can feel their breath on your cheek for at least 10 seconds. If the person is gasping, choking, or breathing irregularly, this means they are alive but not breathing normally. If the person is not breathing or if their breathing is abnormal, you’ll need to perform CPR. if the person isn’t breathing or if they’re breathing abnormally. Place the person on their back on a firm surface and kneel by their neck and shoulders. Then, check their pulse for 5-10 seconds. If they don't have a pulse, place the heel of one of your hands in the middle of their chest, between their nipples, and put your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your elbows locked and your shoulders directly above your hands. Use your upper body weight to compress their chest 30 times, followed by 2 breaths. Do this for 5 cycles, then check their pulse again. If you haven’t been trained in CPR, stick to performing chest compressions (hands-only CPR). If the person has a pulse, only give them rescue breaths. Give them 10 rescue breaths per minute and check their pulse every 2 minutes. Aim to push their chest down to a depth of between 2 and 2.4 inches (5.1 and 6.1 cm). Try to do 100-120 compressions per minute. Don’t stop doing chest compressions until help arrives or the person starts moving and breathing on their own. If you’re trained in CPR, check the person’s airway after every 30 chest compressions and give them 2 rescue breaths before going back to chest compressions." ], "summary": [ "Look for a loss of pulse and breathing. Check for inaudible blood pressure if you have a cuff and stethoscope. See if the eyes are still and dilated. Watch for a loss of bladder and bowel control.", "Check for possible dangers before taking action. Try to get the person to respond to you. Call for help immediately if the person is unresponsive. Open the person’s mouth and check their airway. Look for signs of breathing. Perform CPR" ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Writing Your Review", "Getting The Right Details", "Eating Like a Food Critic" ], "document": [ "Once you've had your meal and taken your notes, take a little time to see what the restaurant's history is. These kind of details are a great way to add some color to your review. For example, you might find that the head chef trained in France or used to work at another well-loved restaurant in the area, and you can use these connections to make people interested in the food. Start by reading the restaurant's website. Look up the owner and executive chef to get an idea of their training, style, and past ventures. The first sentence of the review should make people want to read more. Remember, you are giving them a reason to either spend their money at this restaurant or skip ahead to another spot, but you're also trying to get them to read your writing. Some tips for a good hook include: Promise a story or surprise, such as \"it may have taken a while to get to my mouth, but I've found the best paella on the planet.\" Make sure, however, that you deliver on the promise later! Give an interesting, tangential fact, like \"Chef Zurlo only started cooking 2 years ago, yet she's quickly risen through the ranks to operate Oakland's best new bagel shop.\" Describe a particularly captivating or compelling part of the ambiance, good or bad, like a great view or a funny smell from the kitchen. No one wants to read a laundry list of foods, so pick the foods that made the greatest impression on you (good or bad) and focus your writing on these dishes. Don't just say if they were good or bad. Strive to give details and reasons, naming each specific dish. As an outline, you should try and talk about the following three things in every food review: Presentation: How'd the dish look when it arrived, and how did it make you feel? Excited? Hungry? Like royalty? Like you were in your family's kitchen again? Taste: The big, obvious one, but that is only because it is so important. Use descriptive language, metaphor, and simile to put your reader in your shoes, or mouth. Name spices or flavors when you can. Texture:This usually includes cooking process as well. Did it melt in your mouth? Was it still hot when it arrived? Was it juicy and tender or tough and brittle? Were their multiple textures (such as something soft with a crunchy crust), and did they work well together? Remember that, above all, you're selling the experience here, not just the food. Feel free to get poetic with your writing in places, using 1-2 well-placed adjectives to let the reader know exactly what they should expect at the restaurant. You can think of it, in some ways, as the short story of your trip -- give details and colorful additions that make the restaurant stand out and feel unique. This includes the atmosphere, the surface, and the location. The more specific details, the better. Try for one good detail about every interaction/part of the restaurant. A good food review is about helping other people find the restaurant, not just a platform to tell everyone your likes and dislikes. For example, if you go to a restaurant with retro art on the walls and rollerskating dancers, it is not fair to judge the restaurant for specializing in burgers and fries instead of oysters. A good reviewer is as unbiased as possible, evaluating the restaurant as a whole. What kind of atmosphere are they going for here? Do they pull it off? How do your preferences match the restaurants? If you hate seafood, but that is the restaurant's specialty, you may want to tone down the negative reviews of the salmon or tell your readers that you aren't generally a fan of fish. Unless it is either the very best restaurant you've ever eaten at or the very worst, it is not fair to write a review that is either all good or all bad. Try and give your audience the complete picture. This ultimately allows the reader to make their own decision based on your advice, which seems much more reasonable when it considers both the pros and cons. \"While my servers were incredibly kind and accommodating, it doesn't change the fact that the food was a bit cold when it came out.\" \"Head chef Mathew Tucci has designed an amazing menu, and it's a shame that he only has 10 tables to serve to in his small little restaurant.\" Ultimately, people want your advice on the food. What to order, what to skip, and what restaurants to go to depending on their mood. You should feel free to suggest certain dishes, recommending that someone should skip dessert, or mention if it seems like a great place to take a date. These make your review compelling and useful. If there is little of merit in the restaurant and you firmly believe is should be avoided, feel free to write a negative review. However, you should usually try a restaurant a second time, making sure that you didn't try out a fluke of a dish, before attacking it. This is where you put in the average cost of a meal, the reservations time, and the address. You could also add a rating, such 3 out of 4 stars, if you wanted. Many reviewers put this at the very end of the article, in it's own separate paragraph, but some also put it at the top, on a separate column on the side, or worked into one of the first paragraphs.", "You want to get the same experience as any other patron, as many restaurants will give you special treatment that may change your review if they know you're a critic. Instead of telling them you are there to review their food, simply head inside and take a table, acting like any other customer. The Association of Food Journalists even suggest that you avoid large culinary events (grand openings, staff parties, etc.) so you don't risk being approached by chefs looking for a good review. If you are an established reviewer you should make reservations under a different name. You should still bring a notebook or small recorder with you to take notes, though you can also take them on your phone. To write a great review, you should be taking notes. Did you need a reservation, and how far in advance was it set up? Where is the restaurant, and what is the neighborhood like? How was the parking? These facts will make up a very small part of your review, but this information is essential to help potential customers find the perfect restaurant for their night. Give your reader a feel for your experience. Does the wait staff treat you like family or an old friend, or is the place elegant and classy? What is the dress code like? What kind of atmosphere is in the restaurant? Be creative in the description -- a good food review is not just about the menu, it is about the entire experience. Do the decorations create an appealing ambiance? How are people enjoying their meals? At large, talkative tables or many small, intimate dates? Avoid thing like, \"the service was good/bad.\" You want specifics. The best way to get them is by asking questions. While you don't want to pester people, a good waitstaff will know what foods go well together, if there are any allergens in the dish, and the basic presentation of the dish. Most importantly, a good waitstaff is there when you need it -- when water glasses get low, when a fork is dropped, and when you're ready to order your next course. You will not be able to eat everything on the menu. You should, however, touch as many sections of it as you can. Be sure to get a drink, an appetizer, a main course, and a dessert to get a sense of the kitchen's full capabilities. If you can, come with a group of people and have everyone order something different (beef/fish, the soup/salad, sauteed/simmered) to get a good idea how the kitchen handles the entire restaurant. As a food reviewer, you need to try everything you can to get a good idea of the restaurant. What you order is, of course, a matter of personal preference. However, asking the servers for recommendations is a great way to see what the kitchen and staff are proudest off. Most servers have tasted everything on the menu with the chef's guidance, so they should be able to help you order and determine what you're eating.", "As soon as the food reaches your table, make some notes on the appearance. Is it clean and beautiful or messy and tired? Remember, a food review is about the experience, not just the taste, so you need to capture all of these details. If you are at a restaurant that allows it, try and snap a quick picture with your phone. This will make it much easier to write about the appearance later. Savor the first few bites, sampling everything on the plate before writing anything else down. Eat slowly and enjoy the meal before trying to get too critical. Make sure you eat the dish the way it was intended first-- don't pick out any ingredients or try things separately until later. Use adjectives and clear language when making your notes. \"I liked the use of rosemary\" is not as helpful as \"the rosemary crust was light and herbal and perfect complemented the soft, fluffy potatoes.\" That said, this is just the time to take notes, so don't worry about getting the language perfect. Writing down specific details now about why you liked/disliked a dish will make your writing much, much easier later. This is where you start to get into the specifics of a good food review. Try each part of the meal separately, checking for the following criteria: Texture. How does the food feel in your mouth? Again, be specific, as there is a variety of textures, all of which can be good or bad. Spices: Are the spices consistent throughout the meal? Can you tell what some of the spices are? Complexity: A hard one to describe, complexity is a measure of the variety of flavors in a food. A good cook doesn't just go for \"lemon-flavored\" or \"garlic & pepper,\" they go for a nuanced, unique taste to their food. Do the individual parts of the dish come together to make something new or better than the sum of their parts? If you're with other people, make sure you taste their dishes as well and make a couple of quick notes. This is the best way to get a full idea of the menu and the restaurants strengths and weaknesses. Be sure to write down the exact name of each dish for later reference. Your reader will want to know what to order or avoid. A good review is rooted in fact, so make sure you're armed with facts. Of course, all food reviewing is inherently subjective, but that doesn't mean should only comment on what you liked and didn't like. It might be easiest to make your notes after you finish the course or as you eat, depending on your company. Either way, you should not rely on your memory to remember everything -- true food critics write notes. If you're curious what was in a sauce, how something was prepared, or where certain high-profile foods (meats, expensive cheeses, etc.) came from, feel free to ask. At high-class restaurants the waitstaff is trained to know about the food they serve, so they should be happy to give you an answer." ], "summary": [ "Do some background research. Open your review with a compelling hook. Describe 3-5 dishes that you sampled, not all of them. Use big, colorful adjectives when writing. Think about a restaurant's intentions, not just your personal preferences. Write a mixture of pros and cons. Make a recommendation. Fill in the essential details of the restaurant in the beginning or end of the review.", "Avoid telling staff members that you are a food critic or reviewer. Make some notes of the restaurant's logistics. Describe the atmosphere and ambiance when you walked in. Make some notes on the service. Order from a wide swath of the menu.", "Note the presentation of the dish. Enjoy your first few bites. Write down your initial impressions with specific detail. Sample the individual parts of the meal. Sample everything on the table. Make specific notes as you eat. Ask questions as they arise." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Prepping the Brief", "Analyzing the Decision", "Writing the Brief" ], "document": [ "Read the opinion all the way through before beginning your brief to get a basic understanding of what happened, how the case got to the particular Court, and what the Court ruled. Make note of the plaintiffs and defendants, as well as whether it was a criminal or a civil suit. If one citizen has taken another to court, then it is a civil suit. If the government is seeking prosecution, it is a criminal case. The name of the case (e.g., Roe v. Wade) and the full citation should be first in any case brief. The citation includes the date, and information about the court(s) that the case passed through. Franks v. Delaware, Supreme Court of the United States, 1978, 438 U.S. 154, 98 S. Ct. 2674, 57 L. ed. 667 is an example of a title and citation. Be sure that your citation includes the year of the decision and the Court that rendered it. When a case is decided in trial court, the loser often has the right to appeal the decision to a higher court, called the appellate court. If this is the case, the loser from the original trial who is filing an appeal will be known as the Appellant in your brief and the winner from the trial will be known as appellee. If the loser does not have this right, because the appeal fails in the appellate court, and a request for appeal is denied by the Supreme Court, then a writ of certiorari is filed. This requests a hearing so that the lawyers can state their case as to why it should be reopened. In this case, the filer of the writ is known as the petitioner and the person who must respond to that petition is the respondent. Which Court decided what? Determine which party appealed the ruling. Say the Minnesota Superior Court upheld the search of a Defendants car and then the defendant appealed to the Appellate Court, which upheld the trial Court's ruling. The defendant then appealed to the Minnesota Supreme Court, where the case stands partially on the argument presented in your brief.", "What facts did it consider and how did it apply the law to those facts? Walk the reader through the Court's reasoning, one-step at a time. Organize your brief. Present a systematic play of the Court's logic. Your analysis should be organized so that the reader can follow the Court's reasoning from beginning to end. Why the Court ruled the way it did is the most important part of the case, and the reader must be able to understand it by reading your brief instead of the case, especially in the case of an appeal. Oftentimes a Justice who is not in agreement with the majority will write a dissenting opinion or case analysis. Sometimes a Justice who is in agreement with the majority will write his or her own case analysis. If there is a dissenting or concurring opinion, a summary should be included in your case brief. Your analysis should avoid simply repeating the Court's words, except in cases where the exact language is important. In those cases, use quotation marks, and make it clear that you are quoting the Court. Use citations. Your analysis should include all relevant citations to other cases, statutes, and rules the Court considered when arriving at its decision. More often than not, all of the citations contained in the opinion are relevant and should be used in your brief. If you are unsure, include it. Here's your chance to present another way of interpreting the case, whether you're doing it for school or for real. What's another way of interpreting the rule of law? What conclusions might the Court come to regarding this case? If this is for a law school assignment involving an old case, consider how the case may be decided today. What newer measures are in place that might have kept the trunk from being searched? Are there any? Presenting an alternate method of interpretation is the key to the brief.", "The first section is generally called \"Facts of the Case.\" Briefly describe what happened that led to the parties being in Court. In order to be brief, you will need to decide which facts are legally relevant and which are not. Think about who, what, and how. Who did something, what did he or she do, and how did he or she end up in Court over it? These questions should all be answered in your summary of facts. \"The Defendant walked into the 29th Street Liquor Store, pointed a gun at the cashier, and demanded money. He was arrested 3 blocks from the store, with the cash in his pocket.” Re-read the case, this time looking for any facts the Court specifically mentions or refers to in any way. If the Court mentions it, it is important and should be included in your summary of the facts. Leave out unimportant dates and disputed evidence. For example, the fact that the Defendant robbed the liquor store on July 16 is irrelevant to the case. You can leave that date out of your summary of the facts. What is the question before the Court? You should state the issue(s) as a question in your brief. For our case, the question might be “Did the police have a right to search the Defendant's trunk?” Your issue statement should also include the specific facts relevant to that issue, for example, “Did the police have a right to search the Defendant's trunk when he was not under arrest and did not give consent?” When there is more than one issue, each issue should be stated separately in your brief. Also include the applicable rule of law. What rule, statute, or ordinance must the court interpret to make this decision? For example, in the case of a search of the Defendant's trunk, which may or may not be legal, the applicable law would be the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. If more than one rule of law was used, state each of them separately. Also called the holding, this is the Court's answer to the issue question. The holding should be stated as a yes or no answer, with an additional sentence or two to explain the legal principle upon which the Court relied when reaching that decision. For example, if the issue is “Did the police have a right to search the Defendant's trunk when he was not under arrest and did not give consent?” the holding might be, “Yes. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution does not provide the same protection to a vehicle that it does to a home, and a warrantless search was justified.”" ], "summary": [ "Read the case. Title the brief. Determine whether the brief is for an appeal or a petition for certiorari. Learn the procedural history of the case.", "Describe how the Court arrived at its decision. Describe any dissenting or concurring opinions. Use your own words. Consider alternatives.", "Summarize the facts. Identify the issue or issues. State the decision." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Arranging Your Trip", "Choosing a Shipping Method", "Driving Across the Country", "Organizing Your Possessions" ], "document": [ "On a piece of paper, list all your transport options and the expenses. Set a maximum amount you’re willing to pay. Moving is typically more expensive than you expect, so continue to adjust your plans and reduce your possessions in order to save money. Peak moving season is when schools are out, including the summer, holidays, and weekends. Lots of people travel during these times, so moving and transportation companies increase their rates. Save money by moving in colder months and during the middle of the week. An unexpected expense happens if you end up living in a hotel or moving somewhere you don’t like. Save money by arranging to stay with friends or family in the area. Cheap rooms through Airbnb and similar services are also good options until you find a permanent home. You can do research at home to find a permanent residence, but it’s never as good as visiting in person. Plan your own trip, keeping in mind that your choice is heavily related to how you want to move your possessions. Flying is the quickest and least stressful option, but it means packing light. Driving is arduous and means extra costs and planning, so consider what option best fits your situation. With flying, you won’t need to plan as much for fuel, food, or places to sleep. With driving, you can bring your own vehicle or drive a moving truck with your possessions. Another option is taking a bus or train. This is also a cheap way to travel lightly. Bringing along a pet is another significant cost to research. Count on having a carrier cage, a supply of food, and visiting places that are pet-friendly. If you’re flying, research how much airlines charge for pets, what health documentation you need, and where they put them on the plane. Moving is stressful for pets, so take precautions to make the trip as safe and speedy for them as possible.", "Visit the websites of companies offering shipping services to find contact information. They will give you estimates on how much moving costs. Read about and consider the benefits and drawbacks of the service to figure out which one works best for your situation. The cheapest way to move is to pack lightly and fly, drive, or ride a train across the country. However, you may have to sacrifice more of what you own. Hiring a moving service is costly, but you don’t have to worry about moving your possessions. You can then save money by flying to your destination. Pack some clothing into a box and ship it to your new location through UPS, the post office, or another service. You can also affordably send heavier possessions, like books, through ground shipping. This is a great way to save money if you plan on traveling light or can’t fit everything into another transportation option. You will need somewhere to send these items. Arrange for a place to stay in advance or ship them to someone you know who can get them to you when you arrive. If you have no furniture, hop on a plane to travel cheaply. Seek out a budget airline for extra savings. You can usually pack a suitcase or 2 for free. If needed, pack extra suitcases for a small charge. Even with the fees, this can be a surprisingly cheap option. This kind of moving involves checking the bags in on a flight you will be taking. Bring the bags up to the check-in counter when you arrive at the airport. Pack lightly, since each extra checked bag comes at a price. Remember that you will need to transport each bag to and from the airport yourself. Use Amtrak or Greyhound’s Bus Freighter service. You will have to pack your items and bring them to the bus or train. It’s not as fast as using a plane, but it is cheaper than using a moving truck. These services usually accept heavier boxes and furniture. First, contact these services to find out if they have a line from your old destination to your new one. Sometimes this isn’t possible. These services may also deliver to your door, although it costs extra. This is the most obvious solution, since it gets both you and your necessities to your destination. You won’t have a lot of space for supplies, so limit yourself to important items like food, clothing, and valuables. Driving includes planning out your route and budget for gas and other supplies. Also consider the wear and tear on your vehicle. The hauling method is trustworthy and the cheapest way to move everything you own. Make sure you call U-Haul and competing companies for estimates. You will need to pay for gas and unload all of your gear yourself, but you get to bring your vehicle with you if you have one. Check that you are able to drop off the trailer in your new destination. Not all companies allow this, and it would be unpleasant to have to drive all the way back to return the trailer. You can also rent larger trucks from these companies. They’re a little more expensive than trailers and you would need someone else to drive your vehicle if you have one to bring along. On uShip, you list what you need to move and private contractors bid on it. You don’t have to do any of the work, so it’s a great way to move difficult items like TVs, motorcycles, and even pets for a lower cost. The contractor will deliver it to your new home, so you can take the cheapest transportation method available. Receiving good bids isn’t guaranteed and takes time, so put up the listing weeks in advance of your move. Using this service involves trusting the contractor. Even someone who is highly rated can end up ruining your items. Moving companies take out some of the hassle of moving. Pack what you want to bring, then have the movers load it into the truck. They will also unload it when you arrive, so this is an efficient way of moving a lot of stuff. Expect it to be the most expensive option. Call these companies to get estimates, then schedule pick up and drop off times for your items. Make sure you accurately estimate the weight of your boxes. Heavier boxes cost more. Also be aware of the fees.", "Once you’re settled on transportation, get a map and research your route. Copy any directions you need in order to stay on track. Locate possible places to stop along the way, avoiding tourist traps that burn through your funds. The cheapest gas stations tend to be right outside major cities and suburbs. Isolated gas stations out in the country charge much more, so avoid taking detours and fuel up when the time is right. Download a gas price phone app to help locate the cheapest gas while you travel. Search online for pricing estimates and addresses for hotels on your route. Motels and hostels tend to offer the best rates. Be careful of high prices in large cities, travel hubs, and isolated areas. To save more money, try arranging stays through Airbnb or a couchsurfing website. Read and research these offers carefully to ensure they are legitimate and safe. You may also be able to find camping spots along your route. If you have a tent, this can be a great way to stretch your legs and save money. Unfortunately, you can’t bring your refrigerator, but you can bring snacks. Non-perishables such as peanut butter, chips, beef jerky, and bottled drinks mean less stopping on the road and spending money. You can also bring a cooler with ice to fill with supplies, if you have the space. If you do need to stop for food, stay away from pricey food at gas stations and restaurants. The cost adds up quickly.", "Do a little spring cleaning. This gives you an opportunity to sort through all the things you own. It will be more than you expect, so take an inventory. Try to sort your possessions into groups of necessities, things you would like to save, and things you’re willing to discard. Also sort similar items into groups to be packed together. For instance, pack pots and pans together. The big expense is in the amount of stuff you need to transport, but this is something you can control. Throw away anything you can live without. Large items in particular are difficult to move, so leave furniture and bulky electronics if you can. For example, food, books, toys, and clothing may be easier and cheaper to replace instead of move. Leave behind items that are well worn. Your old TV, for instance, might cost more to ship than it is worth. Large, heavy objects are the costliest to move. Items like couches, chairs, and bookcases can often be left behind and replaced for less once you move. Carefully calculate these into your moving expenses later and decide if they’re worth the trouble. For example, you could get rid of your couch and pick up a used one from Craigslist or a secondhand shop after you have moved into your new residence. Visit sites like Craigslist to post listings for your items or have a yard sale. You get to reduce your moving burden while making some extra cash. It’s a great way to offset some of the cost of moving. If you have something that can help someone, bring it to a thrift shop. Clothes and furniture are a few things that may be needed by other people in your community. Also think of friends and family who may have a use for what you own. Visit stores and ask them nicely for spare cardboard boxes. Many shops throw away the boxes so they’ll give them away for free. Fast food restaurants, bookstores, and liquor stores are some places that tend to have plenty of strong cardboard boxes to give away. Also look online at sites like Craigslist, Freecycle, or the U-Haul message boards. Someone nearby may have boxes for you." ], "summary": [ "Create a budget for your move. Avoid peak moving season to get cheaper costs. Find a place to move to before you leave. Decide on how you will get yourself across the country. Factor in moving costs for any pets you bring.", "Compare the costs of different shipping methods. Ship essentials through the mail to save money. Bring a few suitcases on a commercial airline at a low cost. Use a bus or train service to move a few heavy items. Pack anything you can fit into your car to avoid extra expenses. Rent a trailer to transport more possessions. Create a uShip listing to move a few heavy possessions. Hire cross country movers to avoid packing and planning.", "Plan out your route before leaving. Find the cheapest gas stations on the way. Arrange stays at hotels along your route. Pack your own food to save money.", "Clean your home to sort your possessions. Get rid of items that aren’t important to you. Leave behind heavy items like furniture. Sell anything you don’t want to keep. Donate usable items you can’t sell. Contact stores in your area to find free cardboard boxes." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Melting the Cheese over the Stove", "Selecting and Preparing Your Cheese", "Melting the Cheese in the Microwave" ], "document": [ "Cheese can very easily stick to the side of a pan or dish during the melting process. Select a dish with a non-stick coating to melt your cheese to avoid this problem. Place your cheese over the stove at low heat. Never start heating cheese on high or medium heat, as this will cause cheese to heat unevenly. A little starch and milk keeps cheese from separating too quickly, resulting in a lumpy, uneven mixture. The amount of each will vary, depending on how much cheese you're melting, but you only need a small dash of each to keep the cheese smooth. You can also add a few small slices of American cheese, as this type of cheese has properties that helps cheese melt smoothly. If you don't mind the taste of American cheese, throw a slice or two into your cheese mixture. If your cheese gets lumpy as it melts, a small amount of an acidic ingredient can help. Alcohol, like white wine or beer, works great and adds flavor. If you'd prefer not to use alcohol, however, you can try something like vinegar or lemon juice instead. Use a wire whisk or fork to continually whisk the cheese as it melts. This will mix in any added ingredients and also keep the cheese mixture smooth. You should remove the cheese from the stove as soon as it reaches the consistency you want. Cheese has a low burning point, so melting cheese any longer than necessary can cause it to burn.", "Harder cheeses have a lower melting point. These cheeses are the types that are more frequently used in sauces, in dishes like grilled cheese, and as the base for soups. Cheddar, Gruyere, and Swiss cheese are great cheeses for melting. Reduced fat cheeses can melt, but they may take longer to melt and be tougher during stirring. Low-fat and low-moisture cheeses, such as Parmesan and Romano, burn easily and do not melt into a dip-like consistency. Extremely soft cheeses, like feta and ricotta, will never melt and should be avoided when making melted cheese. Cheese will melt quicker if it's cut into smaller portions. Grate, shred, or slice your cheese prior to melting it. There is not a significant difference between grating, shredding, or slicing. You can use whichever option is most convenient for you. If you melt cheese cold, it may cause it to melt slowly or unevenly. Let your cheese sit out until it comes to roughly room temperature before you try to melt it. Most cheese will come to room temperature in about 20 to 30 minutes. Do not leave cheese sitting out for more than two hours.", "Cheese is best melted in a non-stick container. However, it may be difficult to find one that fits in your fridge. A ceramic bowl or other similar container can work as well, although you may want to spray it down with a non-stick spray. Before placing your cheese in the microwave, a little starch and evaporated milk is necessary. This will help your cheese from becoming lumpy during the cooking process. The precise amounts will vary depending on how much cheese you're melting, but you should only need a small dash of each. An acidic ingredient can add flavor and help cheese stay smooth while it's melting. White wine and beer can add flavor to cheese as it melts. If you'd prefer not to add alcohol, try something like white vinegar instead. Place your cheese in a non-stick microwave safe dish. Microwave the cheese for 30 seconds on high. Usually, this is enough time to adequately melt the cheese. Stir the cheese after removing it from the oven. Ideally, it should be evenly mixed with a smooth, lump-free texture. If the cheese is still lumpy and somewhat solid, return it to the microwave. If the cheese is not melted after 30 seconds, remove it from the microwave, stir it, and then microwave it for an additional five to 10 seconds. Keep microwaving your cheese in small intervals until it reaches the consistency you want." ], "summary": [ "Use a non-stick skillet. Place the cheese over low heat. Add a dash of corn starch and evaporated milk. Try adding American cheese. Add an acidic ingredient like vinegar or beer. Whisk the cheese continuously. Remove the cheese as soon as it's melted.", "Choose harder cheeses. Avoid soft cheeses. Grate, shred, or slice your cheese. Let the cheese come to room temperature.", "Place your cheese in a microwave-safe container. Add some corn starch and evaporated milk. Mix in an acidic ingredient. Melt your cheese on high for 30 seconds. Remove and stir the cheese. Melt the cheese in 5 to 10 second intervals." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Creating a New Color Swatch", "Adding Color to Your Document", "Adding Swatches from a Pre-Loaded Color Library" ], "document": [ " If you are using a spot color, select your color from the Color Mode menu. ", "To add color to text, highlight your text using your Selection tool. Open your Swatches panel and click the Type icon. Select your desired color from the Swatches panel. To add color to a frame or other object, select the frame or object using your Selection tool. Open your Swatches panel and click either the stroke or fill icon. Select your desired color from the Swatches panel.", " You may also select Other Library from the Color Mode list and navigate to the library file from which you would like to add a swatch or swatches. " ], "summary": [ "Open your Swatches panel and select New Color Swatch. Select either Process or Spot as your color type. Select a mode for defining the color. Drag the color sliders to adjust the color values or enter specific numeric values in the boxes located by the color sliders. Click Add to add your swatch and create a new one or click OK to add your swatch and exit the window.", "Begin creating your document and adding color as desired.", "Open your Swatches panel and select New Color Swatch. Locate the Color Mode list and select the library file from which you would like to add a swatch or swatches. Select the swatches you would like to add and click Add. Click Done." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Adding the Screen Frames", "Applying the Finishing Touches", "Installing the Sill Plates", "Preparing the Porch Area", "Attaching the Screens" ], "document": [ "The studs are heavier lengths of wood that attach to the porch walls, running vertically from the floor plates to the ceiling plates. As with the plates, nails can be used to affix the studs to a wooden structure, while a masonry nail gun or masonry screws are necessary to secure the studs to brick or other types of masonry walls. Be sure to check the width of your screens. Most screens are three feet wide, so space your studs three feet apart, measuring from the center. Important: For door frames, use two wall studs on each side of the door. One for attaching the screen, and one for the door hinges. These are the horizontal pieces that help to provide stability to the overall frame. Use the measuring tape, chalk line, and level to make sure the rails and balusters are positioned properly before securing the pieces in place with the hammer and nails. Each individual frame piece needs to be screwed (or nailed) together. Make sure you attach the balusters to the rest of the frame to allow for maximum stability. Once the rails and balusters are firmly affixed to the sole plates and wall studs, the frame is complete.", "Use wood strips to hide the stapling along the frame, providing a more finished appearance. Consider attaching the strips using wood screws, since this will make it easier to remove the strips and replace a section of torn screen if necessary. Consider painting or staining the visible wood of the porch (especially the pieces you just added) to match the rest of the house so that the color scheme flows seamlessly into the new porch addition. Make sure you clean up the mess that inevitably accumulates during a project like this. Sweep the floor and return any plants or furniture that you previously removed. Then stand back and admire your handiwork!", "Sill plates (also sometimes referred to as \"sole plates\") are usually just pieces of pressure-treated wood, often 2x4 lengths cut to measure, that are attached horizontally along the floor and ceiling of the porch area. Sill plates function as the base for the screen frame as they effectively create a network between the existing supports of the porch roof. Install the wood around the perimeter of the porch, making sure the corners are square (you can use a framing square for this purpose). On a wooden porch, the plates can be nailed into position. With a concrete porch, using a drill and masonry screws or a masonry nail gun will be required. To provide a nice base for the interior trim work, attach another layer of untreated wood on top of the sill plate.", "This involves removing all furniture and plants from the porch area. Doing so will create a safe work space that is free of hazards and will allow you to see all the details of the space that you might need to alter or work around. Having a clean, fresh space will make it much easier to identify any alterations that might be necessary before installing the frame and mounting the screening. Before beginning on the full porch screen, make sure to install any ceiling panels or ceiling fans you may want on your porch. Obviously, ceiling fans must be installed before ceiling panels to allow the wiring to be installed properly. Using a hammer and pry bar, remove any wood battens that may be attached to the existing porch frame. A batten is simply a squared piece of wood or metal used to hold the frame in place.", "Cut sections of screening to fill in the spaces within the framework. Make sure to leave a little excess to allow room for error. Begin at the top middle of the opening, and secure the screen using the staple gun. Working toward the outer area of the space, smooth the screen and staple at regular intervals. Make sure that the screening lays flat and is stretched taut as you go. Once the top is secured, staple the sides and bottom, always stretching the screen to make sure it remains taut. Continue until the screen is firmly in place across the expanse of the framework. Using a utility knife, trim off the extra edges of the screening material, outside of the the staples. You might consider using more durable screening material on the bottom part of the screen, especially if you have pets who might rub up against the screen or scratch it with their claws." ], "summary": [ "Add the wall studs to the sill plate frame. Install the wall studs. Position and attach the balusters and rails within the screen frame. Attach all pieces together.", "Cover up the seams. Paint or stain the wood. Clean up and enjoy.", "Know the basics. Create the sill plate perimeter. Add an extra layer.", "Clear the area. Clean the floor and ceiling thoroughly. Install ceiling fixtures. Remove old battens.", "Cut the screens to size. Attach the screens. Cut off the excess screen." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Doing African Threading", "Doing Rope Twists", "Doing Banding with Hair Ties" ], "document": [ "Part your hair down the middle from forehead to nape. Next, create a horizontal part going along the back of your head from ear-to-ear. Twist and clip 3 of the sections out of the way, and leave 1 of them loose. Make sure that your hair is dry and freshly-washed. Be aware that this method can cause matts, especially if your natural hair texture is coarse or prone to matting in the first place. If you have very thick hair, you may want to divide your hair into 8 sections instead. Have a long piece of your cotton yarn ready. It should be at least 2 to 3 times the length of your hair when pulled taut. Do not secure the hair with an elastic, just hold it in your hand. Cut a piece of yarn that's 2 to 3 times longer than your hair when its stretched out. Place the end of the yarn alongside your ponytail, facing away from your scalp. Wrap the yarn tightly around your hair 2 to 3 times to secure the ponytail. Do not use wool, acrylic, or wool-blend yarn. You need to use cotton yarn. You can find it in fabric stores and crafting stores. You will be wearing your threaded hair under wigs and scarves, but it would still be a good idea to match the yarn as closely as possible to your own hair. Pull your hair taut and continue wrapping the yarn around it tightly in a spiral (like in a candy cane). When you have about 1 inch (2.5 cm) of hair left, wrap the yarn around your hair a few more times. Do not cut the yarn yet. You will still need it to finish wrapping your hair. Start with some olive oil, then follow up with shea butter. You can also use other moisturizing products as well. Be sure to saturate the ends of your hair. Fold the moisturized ends of your hair down over the wrapped yarn. Wrap the yarn tightly around the ends from bottom-up until they are completely covered. You will need to extend your wrapping just past the folded-over ends. Wrap the yarn one more time around your hair, leaving a finger-thick loop. Thread the tail end of the yarn through that loop, then pull on it to tighten the knot. Use a pair of scissors to trim off any excess yarn. When you are done, you'll have 4 or more rope-like strands of hair sticking out of your head. You may feel a little like Medusa now, but don't worry, your hair will look fantastic at the end. Remember to reapply the moisturizing products to each section. Wrap the threaded hair around your head. Secure them with bobby pins, then slip a wig cap over your head to hold them in place. Put on your favorite wig, or tie a chic scarf around your head instead. Take the threads out and redo them every 3 or 4 weeks. If you need to wash or condition your hair at any point during that 3 to 4-week period, you should take the threads out. After 6 months or so, your hair will be stretched out, and you can stop wearing the threads. Your hair may become longer after just a few weeks, and the hair growth may continue up to 6 months.", "Begin by parting your hair down the middle. Next, create 3 sections on each side of your head. You'll want to have a section in front, above, and behind each ear. Twist and clip 5 of the sections out of the way. Your hair should be dry at this point. Detangle the remaining section with a wide-toothed comb, then apply shea butter or a leave-in cream. Follow up with a nourishing hair oil or olive oil. Comb your hair once more to distribute the products evenly. Make sure that you make the ponytail nice and tight so that the hair is pulled taut against your scalp. Use a mini hair tie to reduce bulk and discomfort. Split the ponytail into 2 sections. Twist each section clockwise into a thin rope. Next, twist the ropes together counterclockwise. Your hair should hold the rope naturally on its own; if it doesn't, secure it with a mini hair elastic. Moisturize and detangle each section before tying it into a tight ponytail. Twist each ponytail into a rope braid, then secure it with a mini hair elastic, if needed. Work one section at a time. Pull the first rope braid on the left side of your head over to the right. Secure it with a bobby pin. Next, pull the first rope braid on the right side over to the left side of your head, and secure it with a bobby pin as well. Work your way back and forth across your head, from forehead to nape. Pull the rope braids tightly across your head to help further stretch out the hair. If you didn't secure the rope braids with mini hair elastics, they may have come untwisted. If that happened, simply re-twist them before pinning them. During this time, your hair will dry and begin to stretch. Feel free to switch out the scarf to match your outfit or wear a cute hat over it. Take the scarf off first, then pull out the bobby pins. Carefully undo the twists and pull out the hair ties. If you want to, you can fluff up your hair. Be very gentle; do not tug, pull, or yank on the hair ties. Your hair may be wavy or curly when you undo the twists. If you like, you can wear this as a style. If your hair looks very poufy and frizzy, you'll need to redo the whole procedure. Dampen your hair and reapply the shea butter or cream. Skip the ponytails, and simply twist each mini section into a rope braid, then stretch and pin them across your head. Cover them with a scarf and leave it on for 1 day. Instead of doing 6 sections, try 8 or 10 this time. If you want your curls to have more definition, don't fluff them out this round.", "Make sure that your hair is clean and freshly-washed first. Detangle it with a wide-toothed comb first, then apply a generous amount of leave-in conditioner to it. Run the comb through your hair again to help evenly distribute the leave-in conditioner. This method works best on damp hair, but you can work with dry hair as well. It is very similar to the LOC (leave-in conditioner, oil, and cream) method used before styling hair. This method is safe for your hair, but be aware that it can weaken and break your hair over time. Part your hair down the center, from your forehead down to your nape. Part it again, this time going horizontally across the back of your head from ear-to-ear. Twist and clip 3 of those sections out of the way. Go to the remaining section of hair that you left loose. Apply some shea butter to it first, then follow up with olive oil. Run a wide-toothed comb through your hair to help make it smooth and to distribute the products. You can use other moisturizing products and oils instead, if you prefer. Use a smaller hair tie for this rather than the standard sized one. It will help reduce bulk and make the style more comfortable for you. When tying the ponytail, make sure that the hair along your scalp is pulled taut. Use tangle-free hair ties to prevent snagging. Don't wrap the hair tie repeatedly around the same spot as you would when tying off a ponytail or braid. Instead, wrap and twist the hair tie down the length of the ponytail in a crisscross fashion. You should be able to cover 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5.1 cm) of hair this way. Pull your hair taut while doing this. Start wrapping the next hair tie where you finished wrapping the last one. Remember to pull your hair taut as you go. Depending on the length of your hair, plan on using 6 to 7 hair ties for the entire section. When you have one last wrap left on your hair tie, fold the ends of your hair down, and wrap the hair tie one last time. This will make it more secure. When you are done, you'll have a bunch of Medusa-like tentacles all over your head. Don't worry, however, they won't be left in your hair for very long. If you need to, wrap the banded hair around your head first, then secure them with bobby pins. Wrap a satin scarf around your head to hide the banded hair and secure it. Take the scarf off first, then remove any bobby pins. Make sure that your hair is completely dry, then carefully pull the hair ties off one by one. Do not tug or yank on the hair ties, or you will risk damaging your hair. If your hair isn't dry, re-pin the banded hair, cover it with the scarf, and wait until it is dry." ], "summary": [ "Divide your hair into 4 sections. Gather the remaining section into a tight ponytail. Wrap 100% cotton yarn around your ponytail to secure it. Continue wrapping the yarn around your ponytail in a spiral. Apply a moisturizing product to the ends of your hair. Fold the ends down and wrap them with yarn. Tie the yarn off, then trim off the excess. Repeat the process for the remaining sections. Wear the threaded hair under wigs or scarves. Maintain the style for at least 6 months.", "Divide your hair into 6 sections. Apply moisturizing products to the remaining section. Tie the section off into a ponytail. Twist the ponytail into a rope braid. Repeat the process on the remaining sections. Pull the rope braids across your head and secure them with bobby pins. Tie a satin scarf around your head and leave it on for 2 days. Remove the twists. Redo the process with more twists, if desired.", "Apply a moisturizing leave-in conditioner to your hair. Divide your hair into 4 sections. Apply moisturizer and oil to the remaining hair section. Tie the section into a tight ponytail. Pull the ponytail taut and wrap a hair tie down its length. Continue wrapping hair ties around your ponytail until you get to the end. Repeat the process on the remaining sections. Cover your hair with a scarf. Remove the bands the following day." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Communicating Effectively", "Finding Things to Say", "Being a Sensitive Communicator" ], "document": [ "Talk somewhere quiet and calm, where neither you nor the other person will get distracted or overwhelmed. Turn off any radios or televisions in the background so you can hear each other. Sit somewhere the older person can see your face clearly, so they can read your lips if they need to. Enunciate your words distinctly, speak loudly enough to be easily heard, and don’t talk too fast. Don’t shout at the person, though, unless they ask you to speak up more. If the elderly person has trouble following what you’re saying, you may need to slow down or use shorter sentences. This doesn’t mean you should talk down to the older person, though. If you’re offering the older person something or trying to find out what they want to do, give them two or three choices. This will give them a sense of control over the situation without overwhelming them with too many options. For instance, don’t just say, “Where would you like to go today?” Instead, say, “Would you rather go to the park or a coffee shop?” Meet the older person’s eyes when they’re talking to you, even if you are having a hard time understanding them. Making eye contact shows the person that you’re paying attention to them and care about what they’re saying. During your conversation, the elderly person may need to pause to find the right word, recover their train of thought, or reminisce about something. Wait patiently for them to finish talking. Don’t try to complete their sentence for them or find the word they’re looking for unless they ask you to. If the elderly person has dementia or gets confused easily, make sure they understand when you are leaving. Say goodbye to them and tell them when they can expect to see you again. Giving them a hug or a handshake is another good way to signal the end of the conversation.", "If you already know the person, let them know you’re glad to see them by saying hello with a smile. Give them a hug if it’s appropriate. If you do not know the person, introduce yourself in a friendly tone of voice and offer a handshake. If you don’t know what to talk about, ask the person an open-ended question. Elderly people usually like to share their interesting stories and memories with others. If the person is a family member, you could ask them about events in your family history or about other family members you never had the opportunity to know. If the person is a stranger, you could ask them about their family or what their life was like when they were your age. Not every discussion you have with an elderly person needs to be in-depth. Older people enjoy making polite small talk, too. You might use any previous knowledge you have about them or information in your surroundings to make small talk. For instance, you might say to your neighbor, \"I haven't seen your grandchildren in a while. When's the last time they visited?\" Or, you might say, \"What sort of books have you read lately, Mr. Henderson?\" If you know ahead of time that you’ll be visiting an elderly person, consider bringing something to do or talk about. A few ideas include a family photo album (if you are visiting a family member), music from when the older person was young, or a homemade treat that you can enjoy together. If you’re in a sticky situation or you’re having trouble making a big decision, consider talking about it with an older person. Elderly people have collected a lot of life experience, and most of them are happy to share their hard-earned wisdom with others. They will probably be flattered that you asked them, too. You could say something like, “Uncle Joe, I’m having a hard time choosing between two jobs. Which do you think is more important, making a lot of money or enjoying your work?”", "Communication often becomes more difficult with age. These difficulties may result from age-related conditions such as hearing and vision loss, physical disabilities, or neurological disorders such as dementia or stroke. Notice whether the person you’re talking to is hard of hearing, has memory problems, or otherwise has trouble communicating. Adjust your own communication style so they can participate in the conversation more easily. For instance, if the person is having a hard time hearing you, move closer to them and speak more loudly. If the person seems to get confused easily, use shorter sentences and be patient as you get your point across. If they have memory loss, avoid asking too many questions at once. Also, avoid \"why\" questions, which may frustrate them. If you can, try to find out ahead of time about any communication issues the person may have before you start conversing with them. ” Do not use baby talk, a singsong voice, or inappropriately familiar terms of endearment when you talk to an elderly person. Talk to them like you would any other adult. If they show no signs of confusion, there’s no need to simplify your vocabulary or over-explain things to them. Many older people feel insulted when others talk to them as if they are children, even if those people don’t mean any harm. Give the elderly person your full attention, even if they ramble. Make sure you’re understanding them by asking questions related to what they are saying. Don’t look around the room or check your watch while the other person is talking, since that will make you seem bored. For instance, if the person mentions living in another country, you could ask them to tell you more about that part of their life. Elderly people were once your age, and they’ve experienced the same feelings and many of the same life events as you. Treat the person with the same respect and courtesy you would expect from others, and look for common ground that will help you connect with each other. Think about how you want people to talk to you someday when you are elderly, and use that as a guideline for yourself." ], "summary": [ "Find a good environment to talk. Speak clearly. Provide choices. Make eye contact. Allow the person time to think. Let the person know when you are leaving.", "Greet the person. Ask questions. Make small talk. Bring interesting props. Ask for advice.", "Be sensitive to communication problems. Avoid using “elder speak. Listen carefully as the person talks. Remember that older people are just people like you." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Chipping the Ball", "Choosing the Right Club", "Practicing Chip Shots" ], "document": [ "Stand 1–2 ft (0.30–0.61 m) away from the golf tee. Position your feet so that they are parallel with each other and square your shoulders. Hold the handle on your club firmly with both hands and angle the club out in front of you. You should feel comfortable and natural. Bend at your knees and waist and square your shoulders. Line up your waist and spine with the ball while you position your golf club behind the golf tee. Fight any urge you have to lean backward when chipping the ball because it often leads to wide shots or shots that get too much air. Bend your non-dominant wrist and your back arm slightly at the elbow while you bring the club back. Keep your leading arm as straight as possible while you swing the club in the backward motion. For chip shots, you’ll only need to bring the club back 1.5–2 ft (0.46–0.61 m). Don’t bring the club too far back or you’ll hit the ball too hard and the direction will be unpredictable. Swing the club in a slightly downward direction. Hit the ball before the club makes contact with the grass for a clean shot. If done correctly, the ball should jump up over whatever obstruction is in your way. It’s normal for the club to hit the grass after it hits the ball. It may take several tries before you make contact with the ball.", "If you need to chip the ball over low terrain, a 6-iron is the best club to use. A ball hit by a 6-iron will roll a lot after they land, so you’ll want your ball to land 10–30 yards (9.1–27.4 m) away from the intended target. If you try to chip shot with a 6-iron too close to the hole, it may roll past the hole. The amount that the ball rolls after it lands will depend on how hard you hit the ball. If you have to go over a lot of rough grass, a 9-iron is the best club to use. A ball hit by a 9-iron will also roll a good distance after it lands. Aim your shot for the front of the green and let the ball roll towards the intended area. A ball hit by a 9-iron will go 3–5 yd (2.7–4.6 m) in the air. Sand wedges are bigger clubs that give the golf ball more air than if you used a 9- or 6-iron. In addition, a ball hit by a sand wedge won’t roll as much. Use a sand wedge if you’re stuck in a bunker or need to make a chip shot that stops quickly. When using a sand wedge, aim the ball as close to the target as you can.", "Bring your club back further during your backswing and swing harder to put more power into your chip shot. Hitting the ball hard will result in a far shot that will get a lot of air. If you need to clear an obstruction that is 3–5 yd (2.7–4.6 m) long, use a longer backswing and put more power in your shot. If you need the ball to clear a smaller obstruction, reduce the distance of your backswing and put less power into your forward swing. Less power in your swing will also reduce the amount that the ball rolls after landing. If you need to clear an obstruction that is 1–2 yd (0.91–1.83 m) long, you may want to use less power and put less backswing on your shot. The grain of the green will affect how and where your ball rolls. Practice hitting a couple of balls in the center of the putting green, then work your way to the fringes of the course. Practice chipping balls in the sand. Make sure to get out of the way if someone is golfing behind you. Find an area where you can set up cones or ribbons to indicate 30, 60 and 90 yd (27, 55 and 82 m). Set up the markers somewhere off the golfing green. Use these indicators to practice hitting balls a specific distance. You can also set up a practice range in your backyard if you don’t have access to a golf course. Practice hitting the ball to the 30 yd (27 m) marker at first. Adjust the power and angle of your swing until you get the feeling for the 30 yd (27 m) marker. Once you’re confident, move to the 60 yd (55 m) marker and then finally the 90 yd (82 m) marker. With enough practice and repetition you’ll be able to hit precise chip shots when golfing." ], "summary": [ "Plant your feet on the ground with your toes facing the golf tee. Bend forward slightly at the waist. Bring the club up behind you. Swing the club forward and hit the ball.", "Use a 6-iron for low-terrain chip shots. Use a 9-iron to get more air than a 6-iron. Use a sand wedge when the ball is stuck in the sand.", "Use more power to make your shot travel further. Use less power if you don't need the ball to travel far. Practice putting the ball to get a feeling for the green. Set up indicators 30, 60 and 90 yd (27, 55 and 82 m) away. Try chipping to each marker." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Console Edition", "Minecraft for PC or Mac", "Pocket Edition" ], "document": [ "This is the same stick you push forward to walk normally. To sprint, just push it forward twice, as fast as you can. After the second push, keep the stick forward. Your character will continue to sprint until you release the analog stick, collide with a block, or interact with a mob. If you drop below six hunger (three food symbols), you cannot sprint.", "This is W by default. Press and hold after double-tapping to keep sprinting forward. You will move 30% faster than usual, and your field of view will become slightly wider. Tap left control while moving forward to start sprinting. If this doesn't work, open the Esc menu and go to Options → Controls to assign a key to sprint. Your character will continue to sprint until you release the forward key, collide with a block, or interact with a mob. If you tapped the sprint key, you will stop sprinting after thirty seconds, but can turn it on again right away. You can turn left and right as usual while sprinting, though this slows you down slightly. While sprinting, you can jump four blocks horizontally instead of two. Your jump height does not increase. You can only sprint while you have at least six hunger (three food symbols in your hunger bar). Eat some food and try again if your stomach is empty. Sprinting uses up your saturation and hunger 10 times faster than walking. Jumping while sprinting uses them up 80 times faster than walking. You can hit the sprint key while swimming as well, or while flying in Creative mode. This will only increase your speed a little bit, but your field of vision will widen. If you are on a vehicle or mount, your field of vision will widen but your speed will remain the same. If you don't use the sprint key, instead start sprinting on the ground, then double tap space to start flying.", "Touch the forward button twice and hold it down to sprint. You will move at double speed, but will use up hunger much faster than walking. While sprinting, you can jump three blocks forward instead of two. To return to normal speed, just let go of the forward button, then walk forward again with a single tap. You will also stop sprinting if you collide with a block or fight a mob. Your Minecraft character needs energy for all that running. If your hunger drops below four food symbols, you cannot sprint. If your version of Minecraft does not have hunger, you are playing an old version that does not have sprinting. Connect your device to the internet and open Minecraft to download the latest update." ], "summary": [ "Flick the left analog stick forward twice. Hold forward to keep sprinting. Keep your hunger above six.", "Double tap the forward key. Use the sprint key instead. Stop moving to stop sprinting. Stay above six hunger. Sprint with other modes of transportation.", "Double tap forward. Stop moving to stop sprinting. Eat food if your hunger is low." ] }

{ "section_name": [ "Identifying Ringworm", "Learning about the Disease", "Confirming Your Pet Has Ringworm" ], "document": [ "These are often the first symptoms of ringworm. Above all, these symptoms certainly provide a good indication that you need to inspect the dog more closely. If you suspect your dog has a skin infection, you must begin by inspecting all areas that you suspect are affected. Part the dog's fur so you can see the skin clearly. Focus your attention on any areas that the dog was itching, as well as on commonly infected regions, such as the head, ears, and forelegs. To reduce the risk of spreading the possible infection, you also need to wash your hands after handling any animal you suspect has ringworm. This can commonly occur on the head, ears, paws, and forearms. Are these patches circular? Do they have an bright red rim? If the answer to these two questions is yes, then the likelihood of ringworm increases. If you see areas that appear to be infected or irritated keep an eye on them. You may be unsure if ringworm is the culprit immediately, so continue to observe the situation and see how the dog's condition develops. It can be wise to isolate the dog whilst you make up your mind. Keep him or her away from other pets and in one room with minimal soft furnishings. This will allow you to more easily vacuum the room and reduce the risk of contamination. If it turns out the dog does have ringworm, then restricting his access to other pets makes a big difference to reducing the spread and risk of infection to others. Be on the lookout for anything resembling insect bights or a more generalized rash that does not develop a circular shape. These would be indications of an alternative diagnosis--such as an allergic reaction--that would require a very different course of treatment. Ringworm infections are often the result of weakened immune systems, while generalized rashes can be caused in part by over-active immune systems. If the lesions become bigger and more inflamed while maintaining a circular shape, it is likely to be ringworm. You will need to get your pet checked out by a vet and obtain anti-fungal medication to treat the condition.", "It is not, as the name might imply, an infestation by worms or bug larvae. Two species of fungus are responsible for ringworm infection, microsporum and trichophyton species. This bit of knowledge will help you understand both how the disease can spread and how to identify it. As the name implies, ringworm often leaves circular marks or patches on the surface of the skin. In the early stages of infection, there is little to see other than a patch of hair loss. This is because the fungus grows down the hair shaft, the body then rejects that hair as damaged and it falls out. The skin irritation can result in itching, but even without evident rubbing the condition can contribute to hair loss in the affected region. One of the primary factors that contributes to infection is immune health of the animal. Ringworm in dogs is most common in puppies and older animals, though it can also affect animals with suppressed immune systems. Dogs under stress or taking certain medications can thus be especially vulnerable. This is because the immune system keeps the flora and fauna that are normal inhabitants of the skin in check. However, if the immune system is not fighting fit, the fungus can grow unchecked and a full on infection develops. While the fungi that cause ringworm are common, contact with an especially heavy concentration of spores can increase the likelihood of infection. Heavy concentrations are really only found on other infected animals. If your dog is healthy but gets ringworm, it is probably because it was around another animal that had the disease. Ringworm is highly infectious and the infected hairs that are shed are a major source of infection for people or other pets. In order to prevent the spread of the disease, sequester infected pets and clean up all fur from the infected pet before allowing other animals in the area.", "As a general rule, if you suspect your pet has ringworm, take it to the vet to get checked out. Your veterinarian can confirm the presence of ringworm by a variety of methods and then treat. The Wood's Lamp is a special lamp fitted with ultraviolet bulbs and a magnifying lens. The lamp is switched on and the bulbs allowed to warm for 10 minutes. In a dark room, the animal is examined by shining the Woods Lamp onto the suspect areas and examining the response via the magnifying lens. Certain species of ringworm glow a fluorescent apple green in the presence of ultraviolet light. If this happens then ringworm is present. Your veterinarian may then wish to double check his or her findings by sending a sample away to a lab for species identification. Be aware that only about 50% of ringworm species fluoresce in this way. So, in other words, a negative on the Wood's Lamp does NOT mean the animal is clear. This is a useful way to get a quick positive, but not a conclusive negative. Another way to get a quick result is for the veterinarian to pluck hairs from the edge of the affected area and examine them under the microscope. Under high magnification it can be possible to see the fungal spores entwined around the hair shaft, which gives positive confirmation of ringworm. A fungal culture will give you a definitive answer. To do this the veterinarian uses a sterile brush (such as a sterilized tooth brush) and rubs it over the affected area. The head of the brush is then pressed against a fungal culture medium, the medium container is then sealed, and set aside to see if fungus grows. Many vets use an \"in house\" test where the fungal culture medium changes color if fungus grows. This gives a clear indication that ringworm is present. It takes an average of 4 - 5 days for the fungus to grow and cause a color change, although the test is not considered negative until a full 2 weeks have passed with a color change. If your dog is found to have ringworm your vet will likely prescribe an anti fungal medication. While being treated, keep your dog isolated, as the infection could still spread to other animals and even to humans. To make sure that your dog cannot ingest any topical medication, put a wide cone collar (also known as an Elizabethan Collar) on it during treatment." ], "summary": [ "Watch for itching, signs of irritation, or nipping at parts of the body. Look closely at your dog's skin. Look for bald patches where the hair has been shed. Watch any affected areas for a few days. Watch the growth of any inflammation.", "Understand that ringworm is a fungal infection. Know what ringworm looks like. Learn how a dog can get ringworm.", "Take your dog to a veterinarian. Understand what your vet is doing when he or she uses a Wood's Lamp. Understand what your vet is looking for when he or she examines hair follicles under a microscope. Understand that your vet will do a fungal culture if all else fails. Get ringworm treated." ] }