kilt_tasks / README.md
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metadata
annotations_creators:
  - crowdsourced
  - found
  - machine-generated
language_creators:
  - crowdsourced
  - found
language:
  - en
license:
  - mit
multilinguality:
  - monolingual
size_categories:
  - 100K<n<1M
  - 10K<n<100K
  - 1K<n<10K
  - 1M<n<10M
source_datasets:
  - extended|natural_questions
  - extended|other-aidayago
  - extended|other-fever
  - extended|other-hotpotqa
  - extended|other-trex
  - extended|other-triviaqa
  - extended|other-wizardsofwikipedia
  - extended|other-wned-cweb
  - extended|other-wned-wiki
  - extended|other-zero-shot-re
  - original
task_categories:
  - fill-mask
  - question-answering
  - text-classification
  - text-generation
  - text-retrieval
  - text2text-generation
task_ids:
  - abstractive-qa
  - dialogue-modeling
  - document-retrieval
  - entity-linking-retrieval
  - extractive-qa
  - fact-checking
  - fact-checking-retrieval
  - open-domain-abstractive-qa
  - open-domain-qa
  - slot-filling
paperswithcode_id: kilt
pretty_name: KILT
config_names:
  - aidayago2
  - cweb
  - eli5
  - fever
  - hotpotqa
  - nq
  - structured_zeroshot
  - trex
  - triviaqa_support_only
  - wned
  - wow
dataset_info:
  - config_name: aidayago2
    features:
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: input
        dtype: string
      - name: meta
        struct:
          - name: left_context
            dtype: string
          - name: mention
            dtype: string
          - name: right_context
            dtype: string
          - name: partial_evidence
            list:
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
          - name: obj_surface
            list: string
          - name: sub_surface
            list: string
          - name: subj_aliases
            list: string
          - name: template_questions
            list: string
      - name: output
        list:
          - name: answer
            dtype: string
          - name: meta
            struct:
              - name: score
                dtype: int32
          - name: provenance
            list:
              - name: bleu_score
                dtype: float32
              - name: start_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: fever_page_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: fever_sentence_id
                    dtype: int32
                  - name: annotation_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: yes_no_answer
                    dtype: string
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: train
        num_bytes: 68943890
        num_examples: 18395
      - name: validation
        num_bytes: 20743172
        num_examples: 4784
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 14210587
        num_examples: 4463
    download_size: 13419920
    dataset_size: 103897649
  - config_name: cweb
    features:
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: input
        dtype: string
      - name: meta
        struct:
          - name: left_context
            dtype: string
          - name: mention
            dtype: string
          - name: right_context
            dtype: string
          - name: partial_evidence
            list:
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
          - name: obj_surface
            list: string
          - name: sub_surface
            list: string
          - name: subj_aliases
            list: string
          - name: template_questions
            list: string
      - name: output
        list:
          - name: answer
            dtype: string
          - name: meta
            struct:
              - name: score
                dtype: int32
          - name: provenance
            list:
              - name: bleu_score
                dtype: float32
              - name: start_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: fever_page_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: fever_sentence_id
                    dtype: int32
                  - name: annotation_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: yes_no_answer
                    dtype: string
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: validation
        num_bytes: 89819252
        num_examples: 5599
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 99208393
        num_examples: 5543
    download_size: 32809813
    dataset_size: 189027645
  - config_name: eli5
    features:
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: input
        dtype: string
      - name: meta
        struct:
          - name: left_context
            dtype: string
          - name: mention
            dtype: string
          - name: right_context
            dtype: string
          - name: partial_evidence
            list:
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
          - name: obj_surface
            list: string
          - name: sub_surface
            list: string
          - name: subj_aliases
            list: string
          - name: template_questions
            list: string
      - name: output
        list:
          - name: answer
            dtype: string
          - name: meta
            struct:
              - name: score
                dtype: int32
          - name: provenance
            list:
              - name: bleu_score
                dtype: float32
              - name: start_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: fever_page_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: fever_sentence_id
                    dtype: int32
                  - name: annotation_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: yes_no_answer
                    dtype: string
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: train
        num_bytes: 525554458
        num_examples: 272634
      - name: validation
        num_bytes: 13860033
        num_examples: 1507
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 107092
        num_examples: 600
    download_size: 329302944
    dataset_size: 539521583
  - config_name: fever
    features:
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: input
        dtype: string
      - name: meta
        struct:
          - name: left_context
            dtype: string
          - name: mention
            dtype: string
          - name: right_context
            dtype: string
          - name: partial_evidence
            list:
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
          - name: obj_surface
            list: string
          - name: sub_surface
            list: string
          - name: subj_aliases
            list: string
          - name: template_questions
            list: string
      - name: output
        list:
          - name: answer
            dtype: string
          - name: meta
            struct:
              - name: score
                dtype: int32
          - name: provenance
            list:
              - name: bleu_score
                dtype: float32
              - name: start_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: fever_page_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: fever_sentence_id
                    dtype: int32
                  - name: annotation_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: yes_no_answer
                    dtype: string
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: train
        num_bytes: 23937486
        num_examples: 104966
      - name: validation
        num_bytes: 3167751
        num_examples: 10444
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 1040116
        num_examples: 10100
    download_size: 11571038
    dataset_size: 28145353
  - config_name: hotpotqa
    features:
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: input
        dtype: string
      - name: meta
        struct:
          - name: left_context
            dtype: string
          - name: mention
            dtype: string
          - name: right_context
            dtype: string
          - name: partial_evidence
            list:
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
          - name: obj_surface
            list: string
          - name: sub_surface
            list: string
          - name: subj_aliases
            list: string
          - name: template_questions
            list: string
      - name: output
        list:
          - name: answer
            dtype: string
          - name: meta
            struct:
              - name: score
                dtype: int32
          - name: provenance
            list:
              - name: bleu_score
                dtype: float32
              - name: start_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: fever_page_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: fever_sentence_id
                    dtype: int32
                  - name: annotation_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: yes_no_answer
                    dtype: string
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: train
        num_bytes: 33595295
        num_examples: 88869
      - name: validation
        num_bytes: 2371262
        num_examples: 5600
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 887204
        num_examples: 5569
    download_size: 17914796
    dataset_size: 36853761
  - config_name: nq
    features:
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: input
        dtype: string
      - name: meta
        struct:
          - name: left_context
            dtype: string
          - name: mention
            dtype: string
          - name: right_context
            dtype: string
          - name: partial_evidence
            list:
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
          - name: obj_surface
            list: string
          - name: sub_surface
            list: string
          - name: subj_aliases
            list: string
          - name: template_questions
            list: string
      - name: output
        list:
          - name: answer
            dtype: string
          - name: meta
            struct:
              - name: score
                dtype: int32
          - name: provenance
            list:
              - name: bleu_score
                dtype: float32
              - name: start_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: fever_page_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: fever_sentence_id
                    dtype: int32
                  - name: annotation_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: yes_no_answer
                    dtype: string
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: train
        num_bytes: 30385368
        num_examples: 87372
      - name: validation
        num_bytes: 6190373
        num_examples: 2837
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 333162
        num_examples: 1444
    download_size: 16535475
    dataset_size: 36908903
  - config_name: structured_zeroshot
    features:
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: input
        dtype: string
      - name: meta
        struct:
          - name: left_context
            dtype: string
          - name: mention
            dtype: string
          - name: right_context
            dtype: string
          - name: partial_evidence
            list:
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
          - name: obj_surface
            list: string
          - name: sub_surface
            list: string
          - name: subj_aliases
            list: string
          - name: template_questions
            list: string
      - name: output
        list:
          - name: answer
            dtype: string
          - name: meta
            struct:
              - name: score
                dtype: int32
          - name: provenance
            list:
              - name: bleu_score
                dtype: float32
              - name: start_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: fever_page_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: fever_sentence_id
                    dtype: int32
                  - name: annotation_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: yes_no_answer
                    dtype: string
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: train
        num_bytes: 47165561
        num_examples: 147909
      - name: validation
        num_bytes: 1612123
        num_examples: 3724
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 1140265
        num_examples: 4966
    download_size: 21038900
    dataset_size: 49917949
  - config_name: trex
    features:
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: input
        dtype: string
      - name: meta
        struct:
          - name: left_context
            dtype: string
          - name: mention
            dtype: string
          - name: right_context
            dtype: string
          - name: partial_evidence
            list:
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
          - name: obj_surface
            list: string
          - name: sub_surface
            list: string
          - name: subj_aliases
            list: string
          - name: template_questions
            list: string
      - name: output
        list:
          - name: answer
            dtype: string
          - name: meta
            struct:
              - name: score
                dtype: int32
          - name: provenance
            list:
              - name: bleu_score
                dtype: float32
              - name: start_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: fever_page_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: fever_sentence_id
                    dtype: int32
                  - name: annotation_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: yes_no_answer
                    dtype: string
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: train
        num_bytes: 1190183022
        num_examples: 2284168
      - name: validation
        num_bytes: 2573444
        num_examples: 5000
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 757470
        num_examples: 5000
    download_size: 546671157
    dataset_size: 1193513936
  - config_name: triviaqa_support_only
    features:
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: input
        dtype: string
      - name: meta
        struct:
          - name: left_context
            dtype: string
          - name: mention
            dtype: string
          - name: right_context
            dtype: string
          - name: partial_evidence
            list:
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
          - name: obj_surface
            list: string
          - name: sub_surface
            list: string
          - name: subj_aliases
            list: string
          - name: template_questions
            list: string
      - name: output
        list:
          - name: answer
            dtype: string
          - name: meta
            struct:
              - name: score
                dtype: int32
          - name: provenance
            list:
              - name: bleu_score
                dtype: float32
              - name: start_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: fever_page_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: fever_sentence_id
                    dtype: int32
                  - name: annotation_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: yes_no_answer
                    dtype: string
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: train
        num_bytes: 72021515
        num_examples: 61844
      - name: validation
        num_bytes: 6824398
        num_examples: 5359
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 340692
        num_examples: 6586
    download_size: 31946196
    dataset_size: 79186605
  - config_name: wned
    features:
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: input
        dtype: string
      - name: meta
        struct:
          - name: left_context
            dtype: string
          - name: mention
            dtype: string
          - name: right_context
            dtype: string
          - name: partial_evidence
            list:
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
          - name: obj_surface
            list: string
          - name: sub_surface
            list: string
          - name: subj_aliases
            list: string
          - name: template_questions
            list: string
      - name: output
        list:
          - name: answer
            dtype: string
          - name: meta
            struct:
              - name: score
                dtype: int32
          - name: provenance
            list:
              - name: bleu_score
                dtype: float32
              - name: start_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: fever_page_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: fever_sentence_id
                    dtype: int32
                  - name: annotation_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: yes_no_answer
                    dtype: string
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: validation
        num_bytes: 12659518
        num_examples: 3396
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 13080824
        num_examples: 3376
    download_size: 3608615
    dataset_size: 25740342
  - config_name: wow
    features:
      - name: id
        dtype: string
      - name: input
        dtype: string
      - name: meta
        struct:
          - name: left_context
            dtype: string
          - name: mention
            dtype: string
          - name: right_context
            dtype: string
          - name: partial_evidence
            list:
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
          - name: obj_surface
            list: string
          - name: sub_surface
            list: string
          - name: subj_aliases
            list: string
          - name: template_questions
            list: string
      - name: output
        list:
          - name: answer
            dtype: string
          - name: meta
            struct:
              - name: score
                dtype: int32
          - name: provenance
            list:
              - name: bleu_score
                dtype: float32
              - name: start_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: start_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_character
                dtype: int32
              - name: end_paragraph_id
                dtype: int32
              - name: meta
                struct:
                  - name: fever_page_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: fever_sentence_id
                    dtype: int32
                  - name: annotation_id
                    dtype: string
                  - name: yes_no_answer
                    dtype: string
                  - name: evidence_span
                    list: string
              - name: section
                dtype: string
              - name: title
                dtype: string
              - name: wikipedia_id
                dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: train
        num_bytes: 41870938
        num_examples: 63734
      - name: validation
        num_bytes: 2021752
        num_examples: 3054
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 1339546
        num_examples: 2944
    download_size: 25441975
    dataset_size: 45232236
configs:
  - config_name: aidayago2
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: aidayago2/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: aidayago2/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: aidayago2/test-*
  - config_name: cweb
    data_files:
      - split: validation
        path: cweb/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: cweb/test-*
  - config_name: eli5
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: eli5/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: eli5/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: eli5/test-*
  - config_name: fever
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: fever/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: fever/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: fever/test-*
  - config_name: hotpotqa
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: hotpotqa/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: hotpotqa/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: hotpotqa/test-*
  - config_name: nq
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: nq/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: nq/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: nq/test-*
    default: true
  - config_name: structured_zeroshot
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: structured_zeroshot/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: structured_zeroshot/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: structured_zeroshot/test-*
  - config_name: trex
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: trex/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: trex/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: trex/test-*
  - config_name: triviaqa_support_only
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: triviaqa_support_only/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: triviaqa_support_only/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: triviaqa_support_only/test-*
  - config_name: wned
    data_files:
      - split: validation
        path: wned/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: wned/test-*
  - config_name: wow
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: wow/train-*
      - split: validation
        path: wow/validation-*
      - split: test
        path: wow/test-*

Dataset Card for KILT

Table of Contents

Dataset Description

Dataset Summary

KILT has been built from 11 datasets representing 5 types of tasks:

  • Fact-checking
  • Entity linking
  • Slot filling
  • Open domain QA
  • Dialog generation

All these datasets have been grounded in a single pre-processed Wikipedia dump, allowing for fairer and more consistent evaluation as well as enabling new task setups such as multitask and transfer learning with minimal effort. KILT also provides tools to analyze and understand the predictions made by models, as well as the evidence they provide for their predictions.

Loading the KILT knowledge source and task data

The original KILT release only provides question IDs for the TriviaQA task. Using the full dataset requires mapping those back to the TriviaQA questions, which can be done as follows:

from datasets import load_dataset

# Get the pre-processed Wikipedia knowledge source for kild
kilt_wiki = load_dataset("kilt_wikipedia")

# Get the KILT task datasets
kilt_triviaqa = load_dataset("kilt_tasks", name="triviaqa_support_only")

# Most tasks in KILT already have all required data, but KILT-TriviaQA
# only provides the question IDs, not the questions themselves.
# Thankfully, we can get the original TriviaQA data with:
trivia_qa = load_dataset('trivia_qa', 'unfiltered.nocontext')

# The KILT IDs can then be mapped to the TriviaQA questions with:
triviaqa_map = {}

def add_missing_data(x, trivia_qa_subset, triviaqa_map):
    i = triviaqa_map[x['id']]
    x['input'] = trivia_qa_subset[i]['question']
    x['output']['original_answer'] = trivia_qa_subset[i]['answer']['value']
    return x
    
for k in ['train', 'validation', 'test']:
    triviaqa_map = dict([(q_id, i) for i, q_id in enumerate(trivia_qa[k]['question_id'])])
    kilt_triviaqa[k] = kilt_triviaqa[k].filter(lambda x: x['id'] in triviaqa_map)
    kilt_triviaqa[k] = kilt_triviaqa[k].map(add_missing_data, fn_kwargs=dict(trivia_qa_subset=trivia_qa[k], triviaqa_map=triviaqa_map))

Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

The dataset supports a leaderboard that evaluates models against task-specific metrics such as F1 or EM, as well as their ability to retrieve supporting information from Wikipedia.

The current best performing models can be found here.

Languages

All tasks are in English (en).

Dataset Structure

Data Instances

An example of open-domain QA from the Natural Questions nq configuration looks as follows:

{'id': '-5004457603684974952',
 'input': 'who is playing the halftime show at super bowl 2016',
 'meta': {'left_context': '',
  'mention': '',
  'obj_surface': [],
  'partial_evidence': [],
  'right_context': '',
  'sub_surface': [],
  'subj_aliases': [],
  'template_questions': []},
 'output': [{'answer': 'Coldplay',
   'meta': {'score': 0},
   'provenance': [{'bleu_score': 1.0,
     'end_character': 186,
     'end_paragraph_id': 1,
     'meta': {'annotation_id': '-1',
      'evidence_span': [],
      'fever_page_id': '',
      'fever_sentence_id': -1,
      'yes_no_answer': ''},
     'section': 'Section::::Abstract.',
     'start_character': 178,
     'start_paragraph_id': 1,
     'title': 'Super Bowl 50 halftime show',
     'wikipedia_id': '45267196'}]},
  {'answer': 'Beyoncé',
   'meta': {'score': 0},
   'provenance': [{'bleu_score': 1.0,
     'end_character': 224,
     'end_paragraph_id': 1,
     'meta': {'annotation_id': '-1',
      'evidence_span': [],
      'fever_page_id': '',
      'fever_sentence_id': -1,
      'yes_no_answer': ''},
     'section': 'Section::::Abstract.',
     'start_character': 217,
     'start_paragraph_id': 1,
     'title': 'Super Bowl 50 halftime show',
     'wikipedia_id': '45267196'}]},
  {'answer': 'Bruno Mars',
   'meta': {'score': 0},
   'provenance': [{'bleu_score': 1.0,
     'end_character': 239,
     'end_paragraph_id': 1,
     'meta': {'annotation_id': '-1',
      'evidence_span': [],
      'fever_page_id': '',
      'fever_sentence_id': -1,
      'yes_no_answer': ''},
     'section': 'Section::::Abstract.',
     'start_character': 229,
     'start_paragraph_id': 1,
     'title': 'Super Bowl 50 halftime show',
     'wikipedia_id': '45267196'}]},
  {'answer': 'Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars',
   'meta': {'score': 0},
   'provenance': []},
  {'answer': 'British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars',
   'meta': {'score': 0},
   'provenance': []},
  {'answer': '',
   'meta': {'score': 0},
   'provenance': [{'bleu_score': 0.9657992720603943,
     'end_character': 341,
     'end_paragraph_id': 1,
     'meta': {'annotation_id': '2430977867500315580',
      'evidence_span': [],
      'fever_page_id': '',
      'fever_sentence_id': -1,
      'yes_no_answer': 'NONE'},
     'section': 'Section::::Abstract.',
     'start_character': 0,
     'start_paragraph_id': 1,
     'title': 'Super Bowl 50 halftime show',
     'wikipedia_id': '45267196'}]},
  {'answer': '',
   'meta': {'score': 0},
   'provenance': [{'bleu_score': -1.0,
     'end_character': -1,
     'end_paragraph_id': 1,
     'meta': {'annotation_id': '-1',
      'evidence_span': ['It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars',
       'It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously had headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively.',
       "The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars",
       "The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars,"],
      'fever_page_id': '',
      'fever_sentence_id': -1,
      'yes_no_answer': ''},
     'section': 'Section::::Abstract.',
     'start_character': -1,
     'start_paragraph_id': 1,
     'title': 'Super Bowl 50 halftime show',
     'wikipedia_id': '45267196'}]}]}

Data Fields

Examples from all configurations have the following features:

  • input: a string feature representing the query.
  • output: a list of features each containing information for an answer, made up of:
    • answer: a string feature representing a possible answer.
    • provenance: a list of features representing Wikipedia passages that support the answer, denoted by:
      • title: a string feature, the title of the Wikipedia article the passage was retrieved from.
      • section: a string feature, the title of the section in Wikipedia article.
      • wikipedia_id: a string feature, a unique identifier for the Wikipedia article.
      • start_character: a int32 feature.
      • start_paragraph_id: a int32 feature.
      • end_character: a int32 feature.
      • end_paragraph_id: a int32 feature.

Data Splits

The configurations have the following splits:

Train Validation Test
triviaqa 61844 5359 6586
fever 104966 10444 10100
aidayago2 18395 4784 4463
wned 3396 3376
cweb 5599 5543
trex 2284168 5000 5000
structured_zeroshot 147909 3724 4966
nq 87372 2837 1444
hotpotqa 88869 5600 5569
eli5 272634 1507 600
wow 94577 3058 2944

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

[Needs More Information]

Source Data

Initial Data Collection and Normalization

[Needs More Information]

Who are the source language producers?

[Needs More Information]

Annotations

Annotation process

[Needs More Information]

Who are the annotators?

[Needs More Information]

Personal and Sensitive Information

[Needs More Information]

Considerations for Using the Data

Social Impact of Dataset

[Needs More Information]

Discussion of Biases

[Needs More Information]

Other Known Limitations

[Needs More Information]

Additional Information

Dataset Curators

[Needs More Information]

Licensing Information

[Needs More Information]

Citation Information

Cite as:

@inproceedings{kilt_tasks,
  author    = {Fabio Petroni and
               Aleksandra Piktus and
               Angela Fan and
               Patrick S. H. Lewis and
               Majid Yazdani and
               Nicola De Cao and
               James Thorne and
               Yacine Jernite and
               Vladimir Karpukhin and
               Jean Maillard and
               Vassilis Plachouras and
               Tim Rockt{\"{a}}schel and
               Sebastian Riedel},
  editor    = {Kristina Toutanova and
               Anna Rumshisky and
               Luke Zettlemoyer and
               Dilek Hakkani{-}T{\"{u}}r and
               Iz Beltagy and
               Steven Bethard and
               Ryan Cotterell and
               Tanmoy Chakraborty and
               Yichao Zhou},
  title     = {{KILT:} a Benchmark for Knowledge Intensive Language Tasks},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of
               the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies,
               {NAACL-HLT} 2021, Online, June 6-11, 2021},
  pages     = {2523--2544},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  year      = {2021},
  url       = {https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2021.naacl-main.200/}
}

Contributions

Thanks to @thomwolf, @yjernite for adding this dataset.